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JOURNAL
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
VOL. LXVI.
PART II. (NaTuRAL HISTORY, &c.)
(Nos. I ro IV.—1897.)
EDITED BY THE
Naturar piisTORY SECRETARY,
I Ne i
“Tt will flourish, if naturalists, chemists, antiquaries, philologers, and men of science
in different parts of Asia, will commit their observations to writing, and send them to
the Asiatic Society at Calcutta. It will languish, if such communications shall be long
intermitted ; and it will die away, if they shall entirely cease.” SIR WM. JONES.
a ae
CALCUTTA:/ cS 6 Df
|
NIN PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS,
AND PUBLISHED BY THE .
nm
ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREBT.
i? 1898.
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\ ORAS ae Re iA A ia ahi STV A LA:
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
- Page.
Finn, F.;—Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colours and
Mimicry, No. IIT. Experiments with a Tupaia and a F'rog......
-—Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colours and
Mimicry, No. IV. haat with various Birds. Suwm-
mary and conclustons......eeees Berar Pe ad
;—Notes on various aeons oe Orion ya inane eke
ence to the power of walking and digestion possessed by these
birds.. we
__— Beis some ‘aaa Suaians Burke re
Kine, Gzorce ;—Materials for a Flora of the Maun: ples
; and Pantiinc, R.;—Some new Indo- Rao
Orchids ..
NICEVILLE, ue DE 3 -—Deseripton of ieaie praslni Py caaduah ‘aed
some species allied tO tt..s.sceoeseeveees soe
;— On Neds or Tittle. lets Bites Fon the
Indo and Austro-Malayan Regions. (Plates I, I, III and IV.)
—__-—__-——— _; and Eiwes, H. J. ;—A List of the ce of
Bali, es Sambawa and Sumba.,......+ - cadastk
Osmaston, B. B. ;—On the manifestation of ‘hava Tuslince in the
Common Babbler (Crateropus canorus)... pessdcayeil
Prain, D.;—Novicie Indice XV. Some additional FP oindione
-—-Novicise Indice XVI. More additional species of
Labiatez..
Watson, EH. Y. ae ee on some 6 Budeahite fo om n Alyngye yan, poeta!
2 Burind seccecccccserccnccccercesescasevececesceersseescesse see sss eee seas
528
613
518
606
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Dates of Issue. Part II, 1897.
I.—Containing pp. 1-346, was issued on 8th June, 1897.
II.—Containing pp. 347-542, was issued on 13th August, 1897.
II1.—Containing pp. 543-612, was issued on 24th November, 1897.
1V.—Containing pp. 613-780, with Plates I-1V, was issued on
14th April, 1898.
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LIST OF PLATES.
a f Indo and
gar { Anstro
a | Malayan Butterflies.
PP)
JOURNAL
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
—=2 ofo o—
Vol, LXVI. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.
No. I.—1897.
Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Gnorae Kine,
LL.D., F.R.S., C.1.E., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden,
Calcutta.
No. 9.
With the last part of these Materials the account of the Disciflore
of the Malayan Peninsula was concluded; and in the present part that
of the Calyciflore is begun. My progress has (owing to the press of
official and of other work) been even slower than I anticipated when I
began the publication of these Materials now more than seven years
ago. I therefore invoked the aid of my excellent friend and colleague
Dr. D. Prain, and he, in response to my appeal, generously undertook
’ the elaboration of the important family of Leguminose which forms so
large a portion of the present paper. It is hoped that one more con-
tribution similar in size to the present one will suffice to complete the
account of the Calyciflore, and so to bring the whole series about half
way towards completion.
Order XXXVII. CONNARACE AL.
Erect or climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate,
1-3-foliolate or unequally-pinnate; leaflets quite entire. Flowers in
racemes panicles or cymes, regular or subregular, usually bisexual.
Calyx 5-lobed or -partite, usually persistent, imbricate or yalvate. Petals
ole i
2 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula [No. 1,
o, usually narrow, free or slightly cohering, very rarely valvate. Stamens
perigynous or hypogynous, sometimes declinate, 5 or 10, those opposite
the petals often shorter and imperfect; filaments often connate at the
base. DiscO or small, annular or incomplete. Pistils 5, rarely 1-3 or
6-7, ovoid, hirsute, l-celled ; styles subulate or filiform, stigmas capitel-
late, simple or 2-Iobed; ovules 2, collateral, ascending, orthotropous.
Fruit usually of 1, rarely 2-3, sessile or stalked, l- rarely 2-seeded
follicles. Seed erect, usually arillate, testa thick, usually more or less
covered by an arillus which is often very thin ; cotyledons fleshy in the
exalbuminous, leafy in the albuminous seeds; radicle superior, rarely
ventral.— Distris. 14 genera, all tropical.
Seeds exalbuminous, arillate,
Pistils solitary.
Leaves pinnate, leaflets 3 to 11; trees or scandent
shrubs... aE ek Je
ece ero
ConNARUS.
Leaflet solitary, anal trees or shrubs, never scandent 2, ELLIPANTHUS.
Pistils 5 but usually only 1 perfect: leaves pinnate,
(leaflet solitary in one species of Rowrea).
Flower-pedicels ebracteolate: follicle curved; Iobes of
calyx persistent, slightly accrescent, imbricate and
forming a cup at the base ese 3. RouRgaA.
Flower-pedicels with persistent bracteoles at their
bases, follicle not curved; calyx-lobes persistent, but
neither accrescent nor imbricate $i ... 4, RovuRgopsis.
Pistils 2 to 5, perfect.
Calyx imbricate; follicles rugose, laminate ortubercle@ 5. AGELMA.
Calyx valvate; follicles neither rugose laminate nor
tubercled eee
Seeds albuminous, pistils 5 to 7, follicles 1 to 3, Ae thin
TANIOCHLENA.
CNESTIS.
Poll.
1.’ Connarvs, Linn.
Trees or (usually scandent) shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate ;
leaflets 5, rarely 3 or more, quite entire. Paniclesaxillary and terminal,
branched, Flowers small. Sepals 5, deciduous or persistent and clasp-
ing the pedicel of the capsule but not accrescent, imbricate. Petals 5,
linear or slightly dilated upwards, Stamens 10, 5 shorter and sometimes
without anthers. Ovary 1, densely pubescent, style slender, stigma
capitellate. Capsule oblique, stipitate, inflated, broader upwards ; valves
glabrous or pubescent within. Seeds arillate, testa shining, albumen 0;
cotyledons amygdaloid.— Disrris. Species about 80, all tropical.
Petals minute, much shorter than the sepals ... . Ll. C. Maingayz.
Petels longer than the sepals.
Under surfaces of the leaflets and the follicles externally
densely rusty-pubescent, upper surfaces of leaflets sparsely
pubescent eeo eee eee eee eee 3. Cc. ferrugineus.
4897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 3
Under surfaces of leaflets pubescent, upper surfaces and
adult follicles externally glabrous ais we. 3. C. semidecanitrus.
Both surfaces of the leaflets quite glabrous.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, 2 to 4 in. long.
Follicles sub-cylindric, tapering at the ends, not
compressed, minutely sericeous inside .., we & OC. oligophyllus.
Follicles compressed, sparsely stellate-hairy inside ., 5.. C. hebephyllus.
Leaflets broadly ovate with very rounded bases ; petals
pubescent; follicles 1‘5 in. long, pubescent inside 1 6. C. nicobaricus.
Leaflets elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 3 to 12 in, long;
petals glabrous.
Main nerves of leaves 6 or 7 pairs; follicles 1°25 to
i‘4 in. long, sericeous inside ., ws «7G. gibbosus,
Main nerves of leaves 9 or 10 pairs; follicles 1°5 to
1°75 in. long, sericeous inside wit ww. 8 CO. grandis,
Main nerves of leaves 5 pairs; follicles 2°5 in. long,
pubescent inside ... ves we 9. C. ellipticus.
1. Connarus Maincayt, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 53. A small tree;
young branches minutely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6 to 8 in. long, their
rachises densely and minutely tomentose ; leaflets 7 to 9, coriaceous,
elliptic-oblong, obtusely and shortly xoriaaate the base rounded or
sub-cuneate, both surfaces distinctly reticulate when dry, the upper
glabrous, the lower paler and sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib
tomentose; main nerves 7 to 11 pairs, spreading, faint; length 2°25 to
3:25 in., breadth 1 to 1:35 in., petiolules ‘1 to ‘15 in. Papids axillary
and terminal, longer than the leaves, densely and minutely rusty-
tomentose; the branches short, spicate, with the flowers clustered. near
the apices. Flowers about ‘15 in. long, and the same in diameter, on pedi-
cels shorter than themselves. Sepals oblong, laterally inflexed at the apex,
hoary-pubescent outside, glabrous inside, connivent. Petals minute,
much shorter than the sepals and shorter than the stamens, pale-
pubescent in front. Stamens 10; the anthers almost sessile, broadly
ovate, glabrous. Pistil solitary, the ovary sericeous like the disc,
the style short and stout. Frust not seen.
Perak; King’s Collector, No. 3106.
This is readily distinguished from every Connarus described here by its very
minute petals, In leaves it approaches C. oligophyllus, but is distinguished from
that by its pinnate nervation.
2. ConNARUS FeRnuGiINeus, Jack in Mal. Mise. 2, VII, 37. A
sarmentose shrub or powerful woody climber as much as 89 feet long;
young branches, petioles, rachises, under-surfaces of leaves and inflor-
escence densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves 8 to 16 in. long; leaflets 5 to
Jl, éoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, shortly acumi-
4, G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No, 1,
nate, narrowed in the lower fourth to the rounded or sub-cordate base ;
upper surface rugose and, even when adult, clothed with sparse
thin hairs; when old glabrous, the midrib and nerves depressed
and tomentose; under-surface rusty-tomentose; main nerves 6 or 7
pairs, oblique, curved, prominent beneath ; length 3 to 6 in., breadth
1:25 to 2 in., petiolules ‘1 to*l5 in. Panicles terminal, shorter or longer
than the leaves; the branches rather short, stout. Flowers crowded,
‘3 in. long, on pedicels much shorter than themselves. Sepals oblong-
ovate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Peéals linear-oblong, glabrous.
Stamens 10, alternately long and short, the filaments glabrous. Ovary
oblong, tomentose, style short. Follicle obovoid-oblong, shortly apicu-
late, tapering to the base, red when ripe, densely rusty-tomentose,
1:75 to 2°25 in. long and °8 to 1:25 in. broad; pericarp woody, densely
sericeous inside. Seed narrowly oblong, 1 in. long and ‘6 in. broad,
black, shining, with a basal incomplete arillas *5 in. long. Planchon in
Linnea, Vol. XXIII, 429; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 51. Tricholobus
ferrugineus, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I. 237. Connaracea, Wall.
Cat, 8530. |
In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.—
Disrris. Sumatra.
I see no character to separate Blume’s genus Tricholobus from Connarus, and I
therefore follow Sir Joseph Hooker in adhering to Jack’s name for this plant.
3. CONNARUS SEMIDECANDRUS, Jack in Mal. Misc. 2, VII, 39. A
sarmentose or often scandent shrub; young branches decidwously
puberulous. Leaves 6 to 9 in. long, their rachises and the under-surfaces
of the leaflets with their petiolules pubescent or puberulous; leaflets 5
to 7, thinly coriaceous, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, shortly caudate-
acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded ; upper surface quite glabrous ;
the lower reticulate, the pubescence often deciduous with age; main
nerves 6 or 7 pairs, prominent on the lower surface, spreading but cur-
ving upwards, the lower pair very oblique ; length 2°5 to 4°5 in., breadth
"9 to 2°5 in., petiolules 15in Panicles axillary and terminal, longer than
the leaves, much branched, densely and minutely rusty-tomentose.
Flowers rather crowded, °2 in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves.
Sepals oblong, obtuse, cancave, pubescent outside, shorter than the
glabrous linear-oblong petals. Stamens 10, in two rows, one row very
short, the other with its filaments dilated at their bases and as long as
the petals. Pzstil single, shorter than the stamens, the ovary hairy ;
the style short, stout, pubescent; stigma sub-capitate. follicles falcate,
obovoid, compressed, with a short abrupt apical point, narrowed to a
stalk at the base, at first rusty-pubescent, afterwards glabrous, obliquely
striate, about °75 to ‘9 in. long and ‘5 in. broad ; pericarp thin, sparsely
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 5
sericeous internally. Seed with a short basal arillus. Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. TI, 52; Kura For. Flora Burma, H, 326. Connarus floribundus,
Wall. Cat. 8543 (in part), 8541, B.
In all the provinces except the Nicobars and Andamans.— Disrrip.
Sumatra.
This species is easily distinguished when in fruit by the small size of its
follicles. But, while in flower, it is not easy to separate it from C. gibbosus, Wall. ;
the only distinctions that I can find being that, in the latter, the follicles are larger
than in this, and that the leaflets are quite glabrous on both surfaces.
4. CoNNARUS OLIGOPHYLLUS, Wall. ex Planch. in Linnea, XXIII,
427, Scandent, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves 6 to 8 in.
long ; leaflets 3 to 5, coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong,
sub-acute or shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate or rounded ;
upper surface shining; the lower paler, dull; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs,
ascending (especially the lower 2 pairs), curved, slightly prominent on
the lower surface, very faint on the upper; length 2°25 to 4 in., breadth
1 to 2 in., petiolules °25 to ‘3in. Panicles terminal and longer than the
leaves or lateral and :horter, sub-pyramidal, much branched, minutely
rusty-pubescent, many-flowered. lowers °35 in. long, sub-sessile or on
short pedicels. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, much shorter than the
oblong obtuse puberulous petals ; perfect ovary 1, flask-shaped, puberu-
lous. Follicle nearly straight, not compressed, cylindric, tapering to
each end, glabrous and vertically striate (when dry) outside, the peri-
carp coriaceous, minutely sericeous internally, 1:5 to 2 in. Jong and
‘75 in. in diam. at the middle. Seed shining, black. Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. II, 53. Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8542 (cn part) and 8539 D. (in
part).
Penang; Porter. Perak; Wray, No. 1942. King’s Collector, Nos.
5232, 5613, 7804, 8335, 8432. Scortechini, No. 1057. Singapore ;
Ridley, No. 5904. Malacca; Maingay, Nos. 506, 508/2, 513.
5. ConNARUS HEBEPHYLLUS, n. spec. King. <A powerful climber;
young branches deciduously rusty-pubescent; the bark pale, sparsely
lenticellate. Leaves 6 to 12 in. long, their rachises glabrous ; leaflets
coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the base rounded or slightly
cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous, dull, the lower pale and faintly reti-
culate; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, spreading, curving upwards; length
2to 4 in., breadth *75 to 135 in.; petiolules about -2 in., rugulose,
glabrous, pale. -Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves
in flower, as long as or longer than them in fruit; the branches short,
densely rusty-tomentose. Llower-buds obovate, on short pedicels.
Calyx densely rusty-tomentose outside. Petals glabrous. Stamens 5
long and 5 minute. Follicles when young rusty-tomentose, when ripe
6 G. King— Materzals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
glabrous externally except along the suture, broadly oblong, blunt at
both ends, somewhat compressed, obliquely striate, attenuated to a very
short grooved pseudo-stalk, rosy-red when ripe, sparsely stellate-hairy
inside ; length 1°25 in., breadth °85 in.; the pericarp thin, coriaceous,
glabrous inside. Seed narrowly oblong, blunt, with a short arillus at
its base.
Perak; Wray, No. 1858. King’s Collector, Nos. 5586, 6517, 7519.
6. COoNNARUS NICOBARICUS, King n. spec. Scandent, woody, all
parts except the inflorescence glabrous; young branches with pale
smooth bark. Leaves 8 to 10 in, long; leaflets thinly coriaceous, 3 to 5,
broadly ovate with a very short blunt apical point, the base broad and
rounded; upper surface slightly shining, the lower duller and paler ;
main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, faint, curving upwards; length of lateral
leaflets 2°75 to 45 in, breadth 1:5 to 2°75 in.; petiolules about °25 in.,
the terminal leaflet Jarger. Panicles terminal (probably also axillary),
nearly as long as the leaves, rusty-pubescent, the branches sub-erect.
Flowers crowded near the ends of the branchlets, ‘35 in. long, on pedicels
much shorter than themselves, Calyx-segments ovate, tomentose out-
side, glabrous inside, about one-fourth as long as the corolla. Petals
linear, pubescent on both surfaces. Stamens 10, in two rows, the
longer row much shorter than the style and petals; filaments sparsely
pubescent, swollen near the base. Pistil as long as the petals ; the ovary
broadly ovoid, tomentose ; style sparsely pubescent. Stigma sub-capitate.
Follicle broad, sub-compressed, obtuse, glabrous, faintly striate longi-
tudinally, 1:5 in. long, and nearly 1 in. broad, pubescent inside.
Nicobar Islands; King’s Collectors.
Allied to C. gibbosus, Wall., but with pubescent petals and larger follicles which
are pubescent inside,
"7. Connarvus Gipposus, Wall. Cat. 8541 (in+part). A large semi-
scandent shrub; young branches deciduously rusty-puberulous. Leaves
6 to 9 in. long, quite glabrous; leaflets 3 to 5, thinly coriaceous, elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, very shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base round-
ed; both surfaces shining, the lower reticulate; main nerves 6 or 7
pairs, spreading but curving upwards, the lower pairs very oblique,
slightly prominent on the lower surface; length 3 to 5 in., breadth
1:25 to 2°5 in., petiolules ‘2 to °3 in. Panicles axillary and terminal,
shorter than or as long as the leaves, many-branched, rusty-pubescent.
Flowers rather crowded on the short ultimate branchlets, *25 in. long,
on pedicels shorter than themselves. Sepals and petals as in C. semide-
candrus. Stamens 10, the one row only slightly shorter than the other.
Pistil longer than the stamens and petals; the ovary ovate-rotund,
‘rusty-tomentose, the style pubéscent; stigma sub-capitate. Follicles
1897.]. G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 7
sub-rhomboidal, compressed, with a short stout apical point, glabrous,
obliquely striate; pericarp leathery inside, sericeous, 1°26 to 14 in,
long, and about 1 in. broad, the stalk ‘4 in. long. Seed nearly 1 in.
long, oblong, blunt at both ends, black, with an arillus obliquely cover-
ing its lower half. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 52; Kurz For. Flora
Burma, IT, 326.
The Andaman Islands.— Distris. Burma.
This may be distingnished from C. semidecandrus by its larger follicles, and
larger seeds much more extensively covered by arillus. The inner surface of the
. : ss “ . oy 8 . &
pericarp in this is glabrous ; in C. semidecandrus it is sparsely sericeous.
8. COoONNARUS GRANDIS, Jack in Mal. Misc. 2, VIT, 40. Scandent,
all parts except the inflorescence quite glabrous. Leaves 9 to 12 in.
long, their rachises stout; leaflets 3 to 5, very coriaceous, elliptic-
oblong, acute or obtusely acuminate, the base rounded or sub-cuneate ;
both surfaces, but especially the upper, shining, the lower reticulate
when dry ; main nerves 9 or 10 pairs, oblique, faint ; length 4 to 12 in,,
breadth 1:5 to 4 in. ; petiolules of the lateral leaflets about ‘5 in., of the
terminal ‘75 in. Panicles often as long as the leaves, terminal or
axillary, spreading, with a few spike-like branches, rusty-tomentose.
Flowers sessile, *25 in. long Sepals tomentose outside, hnear-oblong,
obtuse. Petals twice as long, linear, dilated upwards, glabrescent.
Filaments puberulous. Follicles obliquely ovoid, sub-rhomboidal, com-
pressed, glabrous, slightly and obliquely rugulose when dry, tapering
to a short pseudo-stalk, 1:5 to 1°75 in. long, and about 1 in. broad;
pericarp woody, sericeous inside. Planchon in Linnea, XXIII, 429;
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. Il, 53. C. Wallichii, Planch, 1. c. 426; Kurz
For. Flora Burma, I, 328. Connaracea, Wall. Cat., 8538 A. B. (in part).
In all the provinces except the Nicobars and Andamans.
9. COoNNARUS ELLIPTICUS, King n. spec. Scandent; young branches
deciduously rusty-pubescent, the bark dark and polished. Leaves 8 to
15 in. long, everywhere glabrous ; leaflets coriaceous, 3 to 5, elliptic-
oblong to elliptic, acute or shortly acuminate, the base rounded or sub-
cuneate, upper surface very shining when dry; the lower paler, reticu-
late and less shining; main nerves 6 pairs, oblique, rather prominent
beneath ; length 4°5 to 7in., breadth 2 to 3 in.; petiolules ‘2 to ‘3 in.,
rugulose, pale. Panicles axillary and shorter, or terminal and longer
than the leaves, minutely rusty-pubescent, the branches obliquely
spreading, the ultimate branchlets short. Flowers +25 in. long, on
pedicels slightly shorter than themselves. Segments of the calyz ovate-
lanceolate, acute, rusty-tomentose outside, glabrescent inside, about as
long as the pistil and half as long as the linear acute glabrous petals.
Stamens 5 perfect nearly as long as the petals, and 5 abortive (without
8 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
anthers) shorter than the pistil; filaments glabrescent or glabrous,
those of the perfect stamens dilated at the base. Ovary pubescent,
style glabrous, stigma discoid-capitate. Follicles broad, obliquely sub-
rhomboid, tapered to the base, the dorsal suture straight and ending in
a conical point, the ventral compressed and widely curved, glabrous, red
when ripe, 2°5 in. long and 1'5 in. broad; pericarp woody, adpressed-
pubescent on its inner surface. Seed oblong, flat; the testa black, half
covered by a thin basal arillus. Hrythrostigma ellipticum, Goll. in
Tijdsch. Ned. Ind. XIV, 174.
Singapor®; Ridley, No. 1380. Perak; King’s Collectors, Nos. 4090,
4943, 5958, 7480, 8435. Wray; Nos. 1831, 2870, 2873; Scortechini,
No. 1689, Penang; Curtis.
There isa specimen in the Calcutta Herbarium collected by Kurz in the Buiten-
zorg garden what exactly agrees with this. That specimen is named Erythrostigma
ellipticum Zoll.; and it ison the strength of this identification of Kurz’s that I
have included this synonym here. For Zollinger (who refers the genus Erythros-
tigma to Anacardiacex) defines his three species (1. c.) EZ. ellipticwm, E. obliquum
and E. villoswm so briefly and imperfectly, that it is quite impossible, from his des-
criptions alone, to identify any of them.
2. E.uipantuus, Hook. f.
Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves with 1 leaflet, quite entire. Racemes
or cymes axillary, short. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals
5, not enlarged in fruit, sub-erect, valvate. Petals 5, longer than the
sepals, oblong-lanceolate, densely pubescent. Stamens 10, 5 shorter
without anthers; filaments short, subulate, connate at the base. Ovary
1, pubescent; style short. Follicle stalked, oblique, velvetty ; valves
glabrous within. feed arillate, albumen 0; cotyledons plano-convex.—
Disrris. 12 species; Malayan Peninsula and Islands.
Both surfaces of leaves quite glabrous.
Leaflet narrowly elliptic-oblong, tapering to each end;
follicles ‘5 in. long... .. L. E. Scortechinit.
Leaflet elliptic-ovate to elliptic ; follicle 1 in. Ais .. 2. £. calophyllus.
Under surfaces of leaves hairy.
Leaflet oblong-lanceolate, 2°5 to 3°5 in. long; flowers in
short panicles hide 3. E. Curtisit.
Leaflets ovate- or oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 4 +6 6 in. long.
Flowers in racemes, follicle with a pseudo-stalk only °2
in. long ... 4. HH. Griffithi.
Flowers in dense pabiinloid eitaees ; follicle gibbous st
the base on one side, its pseudo-stalk about lin. long.. 5. ZH. gibbosus.
1, Eccttpantaos Scortecuini, King n. spec. A small tree; young
branches with pale cinereous bark, pubescent. Leaflet thinly coriaceous,
narrowly elliptic-oblong, tapering from the middle to either end, the
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 9
apex caudate-acuminate; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining; the
lower dull, minutely reticulate; main nerves 4 pairs, curved, ascending,
prominent on the lower surface; length 4°5 to 7 in., breadth 1°25 to 2
in., petiole ‘1 to’15 in. Cymes axillary, very short, tawny-tomentose.
Calyz thick; the lobes deep, ovate, obtuse, cinereous-tomentose. Petals
slightly longer than the calyx, membranous. Jollicles cinereous-tomen-
tose, obliquely elliptic, sub-compressed, grooved along the suture, almost
straight, the apex rather blunt with an abrupt small apiculus, the base
slightly and suddenly contracted into a short stout pseudo-stalk covered
by the persistent calyx; length ‘5 in., breadth ‘3 in. ; .pericarp thick,
glabrous inside. Seed oblong with a large hilum and thin arillus.
Perak ; Scortechini No. 607.
Gathered only by the late Father Scortechini whose specimens are in fruit, and
from whose field notes the foregoing description of the flower has been taken.
2. HLLIPANTHUS CALOPHYLLUS, Kurz Andam. Report, Append. B. 6.
A small tree; young branches slender, glabrous. Leaflet coriaceous,
elliptic to elliptic-ovate, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, shortly caudate-
acuminate, the base rounded or slightly and abruptly cuneate; both
surfaces glabrous; the upper shining when dry; the lower dull, minute-
ly reticulate ; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading, curving upwards, inter-
arching freely ; length 4°5 to 6°5 in., breadth 2 to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘75 to
1 in., the joint near the apex. Cymes axillary, shorter than the petioles,
minutely tawny-tomentose. Flowers ‘3in. long, on pedicels shorter
than themselves. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, sub-acute, tawny-tomentose
outside, less than half as long as the linear-oblong densely velvetty
‘obtuse petals. Stamens the 5 perfect shorter than the petals and with
very pubescent filaments ; the 5 abortive much shorter and more slender,
anantherous. Ovary narrowly ovoid, sericeous. Style rather short,
stigma sub-capitate. Follicles obovoid or ellipsoid, slightly compressed,
blunt, rusty-tomentose, 1 in. long; pericarp thick, woody, glabrous with-
in: Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, Pt. II, 305; For. Flora Burma I,
329; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 55.
Andaman Islands; Kurz, King’s Collectors.
3. Eipantaus Curtis, King n. spec. A tree; young branches
rusty-puberulous, the bark dark. Leaflet thinly coriaceous, oblong-lan-
ceolate, tapering to each end, the apex caudate-acuminate ; upper surface
glabrous, shining ; the lower reticulate, sparsely pubescent, the midrib
tomentose; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, curving obliquely upwards, promi-
nent beneath; length 2°5 to 3:5 in., breadth ‘8 to 1‘5 in., petiole °3 in.,
tomentose. Panicles axillary, branching from the base, ‘5 to ‘7 in. long,
sericeous. Flowers ‘2 in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves.
Segments of the calyx ida het thick, tomentose on the outer,
eH 2
10 ~G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
glabrescent on the inner surface, less than half as long as the petals
and pistil. Petals narrowly oblong, sub-acute, pubescent on the outer,
glabrescent on the inner surface. The 5 fertile stamens as long as the
ovary, glabrous, the anthers broadly ovate, the filaments much dilated
at the base, the 5 alternate much smaller and without anthers. Ovary
oblong, sericeous-tomentose, longer than the stout pubescent style;
stigma capitate-discoid. Fruit unknown.
Penang; Curtis Nos. 1014, 1097,
The nearest ally of this appears to be the imperfectly known E£. Helferi, Hook.
fil. from Tenasserim, of which the type is Helfer’s No. 1253; but the leaves of this.
are much more pubescent on the lower and more shining on the upper surface. The
flowers of this are moreover larger.
4, EQLcipantHus Grirritau, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 56. A small
tree ? Young branches slender, rusty-pubescent. Leaflet thinly coria-
ceous, ovate-elliptic, caudate-acuminate, the base abruptly sub-cuneate ;
upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower sparsely rusty-pubescent,
the midrib and nerves almost tomentose; main nerves 9 or 10
pairs, spreading, interarching, prominent beneath; length 4to5 in.,
breadth 1:5 to 2 in., petiole ‘2 to ‘25 in. Racemes ‘25 in. long, few-
flowered ; calyx Resale divided into 5 ovate-lanceolate teeth, adpress-
ed-pubescent. Follicles compressed, much curved, the apex beaked,
narrowed at the base to a pseudo-stalk °2 in. long which is embraced
by the persistent calyx, rufous tomentose outside, ‘75 in. long; the
pericarp coriaceous, glabrous inside.
Mallacca; Griffith No. 1253.—Dzistris. Borneo.
5. ELLIPANTHUS GiBBosUS, King n. spec. A small tree; young
branches slender, rusty-tomentose. Leaflet elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
sometimes slightly obovate, shortly and rather abruptly caudate-acumi-
nate, the base cuneate ; upper surface quite glabrous; the lower sparsely
adpressed-pubescent, the midrib densely so; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs,
spreading but curved upwards, prominent on the lower surface when
dry; length 4°5 to 65 in., breadth 1:75 to 2°75 in., petiole °5 or ‘6 in,
long, tomentose, stout, the joint near the apex. lowers ‘15 in. long, in
dense many-flowered capituloid axillary cymes, sub-sessile. Culya-teeth
lanceolate, tawny-tomentose externally, glabrous internally. Petals
broader than the sepals and sometimes also longer, imbricate, tomentose
outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 5 or6 fertile with broadly ovate
anthers, and 5 alternate smaller and abortive; the filaments of all .
united by their expanded bases. Ovary villous, style about as long as the
stamens, stigma discoid. follicle narrowly oblong, compressed, the
apex produced into a long conical beak; the base gibbous at one side,
contracted below the gibbosity into a curved pseudo-stalk about an inch
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 11
long, everywhere pale rusty-tomentose ; length of follicle and beak equal
to that of the pseudo-stalk ; pericarp leathery, glabrous inside. Seed
arillate at the base, testa black.
Perak ; very common, Scortechini, Wray, Curtis, King’s Collectors.
3. Rourgna, AUBL.
Scandent or sarmentose shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate, some-
times with only one leaflet; leaflets subopposite or alternate. Ra-
cemes or panicles axillary. Flowers small; pedicels usually slender.
Sepals 5, orbicular, imbricate, enlarged and clasping the base of the
ripe capsule. Petals 5, usually linear-oblong. Stamens 10; filaments
connate at the base. Ovaries 5, 4 usually imperfect; style slen-
-der. Follicle sessile, curved. Seed erect, arillate, exalbuminous. —
Distris. Tropics ; species about 52.
Leaflets not more than 7, petiolulate, glabrous.
Leaves with usually a single leaflet . bas « IL. BR, anomala.
Leaves with 3 to 9, rarely 11, iguiate ; ; inflorescence Eble.
teolate, or the bracteoles (if any) fugacious.
Leaflets glaucous on the lower surface we «. 2. R. acuminata,
Leaflets not glaucous on the lower surface.
Leaves 8 to 12 in. long; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate
to elliptic, their main nerves 2 to 5 pairs, curving
abruptly upwards; flowers ‘35 in. in diam., in racemes
or panicles, flower buds ovoid mF 3. R. commutata,
_ Leaves 3 to 7 in. long; leaflets ovate- lanceolate, thiets
main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, faint, spreading ; flowers ‘25
in. in diam.; flower buds ovoid “ sii
Leaves 3°5 to 6 in. long; leaflets Bisa 5, broadly
ovate or ovate-orbicular with broad rounded bases;
their main nerves about 4 pairs, spreading, faint;
rc
« Rk. pulchella.
flower-buds globose oes . Of} RB. humilis.
Leaflets very numerous (17 to 40), small, sessile, sling
Leaflets shortly and bluntly acuminate, pubescent beneath... 6. R. rugosa.
Leaflets bifid at the apex, minutely dotted and sparsely
pubescent beneath be a sald .. 4% R&R. parallela,
Leaflets with obtuse rounded apices.
Lower surface of leaflets rusty-sericeous vee we 8. R. fulgens.
Lower surface of leaflets minutely dotted, reticulate,
glabrous = «+ ade eee wee .« 9 RB. concolor.
1. Rourga ANoMALA, King n.spec. A powerful woody perfectly glab-
rous creeper, Leaves either simple or ternate; leaflets coriaceous, ovate-
elliptic to broadly ovate, shortly and bluntly caudate-acuminate, the
pase rounded and usually broad; both surfaces shining and minutely
reticulate when dry ; main nerves about 6 pairs, curving upwards,
12 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
faint ; length of the simple leaves and of the terminal leaflet of the
ternate leaves 3°25 to 4°5 in., breadth 1°6 to 2:2 in.; petiolules about ‘2
in., those of the lateral leaflets shorter. Racemes slender, shorter than
the leaves, in fascicles in the leaf-axils, laxly-flowered. Flowers ‘35 in.
long, on slender pedicels of about the same length. Segments of calyx
ovate-orbicular, sub-oblique, puberulous outside, their edges ciliate, only
about one-third of the length of the linear-oblong glabrous petals.
Stamens much shorter than the petals and than the glabrous pistils.
Follicles obliquely ovoid, sub-compressed, blunt, yellowish with a red
tinge when ripe, 1 in. long. Seed with a soft red arillus.
Penang; Curtis No. 504. Perak; King’s Collector Nos. 804, 953,
3066, 3866, 4527, 4622, 6755, 8312, 10542, 10863. Wray, No. 3799;
Scortechini.
This resembles R. simplicifolia Bl. in having both simple and compound leaves;
but that is a smaller plant with puberulous inflorescence, and different follicles.
2. Rovurgea acuminata, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 48. A powerful
woody perfectly glabrous creeper often over 100 feet long ; young branch-
es glabrous, often minutely lenticellate. Leaves 3 to 9 in. long, the
rachis slender; leaflets 5 to 11, thinly coriaceous, oblong, lanceolate
or elliptic-oblong, sometimes somewhat obovate, abruptly shortly and
bluntly caudate-acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base or
with broad minutely cordate base; upper surface shining, the lower dull
and glaucous, both minutely reticulate when dry; main nerves about
5 pairs, very faint, spreading ; length 1°5 to 2:25 in., breadth 65 to ‘9
in. ; petiolules under ‘1 in., the terminal one slightly larger. Racemes
very slender, lax, several from an axil. Flowers ‘3 in. long, on slender
pedicels of about the same length. Sepals ovate-rotund, about half as
long as the narrowly oblong glabrous sepals, glabrous, the edges minutely
ciliolate. Stamens shorter than the petals and glabrous pistils. Follicle
narrowly ovate, curved, pointed, ‘75 in. long, when ripe red tipped with
yellow. COnestis acuminata, Wall. Cat. 8533.
Singapore; Wallich. Perak; King’s Collector Nos. 866, 4271, 6987,
7781, 10599, 10871.
3. Rovrea commutata, Planch. in Linnaea, XXIII, 420. Shrubby,
scandent; young branches puberulous becoming glabrous, sometimes
minutely lenticellate. Leaves 8 to 12 in. long, glabrous; leaflets 3 to 7,
thinly coriaceous, sub-opposite, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic, sub-obtuse-
ly caudate-acuminate, the base rounded, both surfaces shining; main
nerves 2 to 5 pairs, curved, rather abruptly ascending ; length 2°5 to 6
in., breadth 1°35 to 2°25 in. ; petiolules ‘15 to ‘2 in., the terminal one
larger. Flowers ‘36 in. in saan ., in glabrous racemes or racemoid pani-
eles much shorter than the leaves and clustered in their axils, pedicels
1897.] G. King—.Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 13
shorter than the flowers. Sepals broadly ovate, blunt, pubescent. Petals
linear-oblong, broadly ovate. Stamens 10, alternately shorter than the
filaments, expanded towards the base and united by their edges; ovaries
slightly hairy on the inner side, styles glabrous. follicles obliquely
ovate-oblong, pointed, coriaceous, glabrous, ‘75 to 1 in. long. Seed ovate,
covered by an orange-coloured arillus. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 47;
Kurz For. Flora Burma I, 324. Cnestis monadelpha, Roxb. FI. Ind. II,
454. Connaracea, Wall. Cat., 8547, 8548.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.— Distriz. Burma, Chittagong,
Sylhet and Assam. |
The present species (published in 1850), R. pulchella, Blume (1850), and L. humilis,
Planch. (1850), differ from each other so little that I am not sure that they should
not be reduced to one, in which case the species might be named Rowrea monadelpha,
the earliest published name of any of them being Cnestis monadelpha, Roxb. (1832).
_ 4, Rovurga PULCHELLA, Planch. in Linnaea XXIII, 419. Scandent,
woody, quite glabrous. Leaves 3 to 7 in. long; leaflets 3 to 7, thinly
coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate, the upper sur-
face very shining, the lower less so, both reticulate ; main nerves 4 or 5
pairs, spreading, faint ; length 1°5 to 3 in., breadth *75 to 1°6 in. ; petio-
lules 15 in., slender. Racemes crowded inthe axils, shorter than the
leaves. Flowers ‘25 in. in diam., the pedicels of the same length, slender.
Sepals broadly ovate, acute, ciliolate, half as long as the petals, linear-
oblong. Pistils 5, ovaries pilose, styles slender. follicle stout, curved,
pointed, glabrous, ‘6 in. long, red when ripe. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT. 48.
Malacca; Griffith, No. 1265. Maingay, No. 501 (Kew Distrib.) ;
Ridley, No. 1449. Singapore, Ridley, Nos. 2028, 3981. Perak; Wray,
Nos. 1167, 3774.
5. Rourza HuMILIS, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 262. Scandent,
woody, glabrous. Leaves 35 to 6 in. long, the rachises slender; leaf-
lets 3 rarely 5, coriaceous, broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, abruptly
and obtusely caudate-acuminate, the base rounded, rarely sub-cuneate,
upper surface very shining, the lower less so and more distinctly reti-
culate; main nerves about 4 pairs, spreading, faint; length 1°5 to 3 in.,
breadth 1 to 2°25 in. petiolules about ‘2 in., the tonnens leaflet the
largest. Racemes axillary, clustered, slender, few-flowered ; the buds
sub-globose, on pedicels of about their own length. Calyz-lobes sub-
orbicular, glabrous. Stamens shorter than the calyx, much shorter than
the styles. ollicles cylindric, pointed, coriaceous, glabrous, 75 in. long.
Nicobar Islands ; Jelinek, No. 140. Kurz. Penang ; Curtis, No. 2285.
Pahang, Ridley, Nos. 2645, 5121; Singapore. Perak; King’s Col-
lector, No. 4677, Scortechini,— Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.
Distinguished chiefly by its broadly ovate coriaceous leaves, very shining on the
upper surface and with broad bases,
14 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
6. Rovurea rugosa, Planch. in Linnaea XXIII, 422. A stout woody
climber; young branches densely cinereous-tomentose. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, 12 to 15 in. long, the rachises tomentose; leaflets 8 to 15
pairs, sub-sessile, sub-opposite, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, —
shortly and bluntly acuminate, rarely acute, the bases rounded or
minutely cordate; upper surface glabrous, smoooth ; the lower reticulate,
sparsely pubescent, the midrib tomentose; main nerves 8 or 9 pairs,
spreading, interarching very freely, prominent; length 2 to 3:25 in,
breadth ‘6 to 1:25 in. Panicles shorter than the leaves, crowded in the
leaf-axils, pubescent, many-flowered. Flowers about ‘2 in. long, their
pedicels shorter. Sepals rotund, pubescent, half as long as the petals.
Follicle about °75 in. long, pointed, glabrous, striate. Seed ovoid, api-
culate, about ‘5 in. long. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 46. Connarus-rugosus,
Wall. Cat. 8527,
Singapore; Wallich. Malacca; Griffith, Maingay. Penang;
Porter, Curtis. Perak ; King’s Collector, Wray.
7. RourEa PARALLELA, Planch. in Linnaea XXIII, 421. A power-
ful woody climber, often 150 feet long; young branches cinereous-
pubescent. Leaves 2 to 6 in. long, their rachises with crisped pubescence ;
leaflets coriaceous, sessile, 10 to 22 pairs, opposite or sub-opposite, oblong,
the apex broad, shortly bifid ; the base minutely cordate, slightly oblique ;
upper surface glabrous, shining; the lower with very minute pale dots,
sparsely pubescent especially on the midrib; main nerves about 6 pairs,
faint; length 5 to °75 in., breadth ‘25 to ‘3 in. *Racemes in axillary
clusters, shorter than the leaves; the rachises slender, tomentose.
Flowers not crowded, ‘3 in. in diam. and ‘2 in. long, the pedicels slightly
shorter. Sepals puberulous, half as long as the petals, broadly ob-
lanceolate, sub-glabrous. follicles when ripe bright red with yellow
tips, glabrous, ‘6 to ‘7 in. long, pointed. Seed elliptic, keeled on one
side, ‘3 in. long. Under OC. similis, Bl. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 50.
Connarus mimusoides, Vahl. ? Wall. Cat. 8526 C.
Penang; Porter; Curtis, No. 473. Malacca; Maingay, No. 498.
Perak; King’s Collector, Nos. 2580, 4802, 8405, 10119, 10592,
10896; Scortechini. Singapore; Anderson, Ridley. Kedah, Curtis,
No. 2629.
Blume’s species R. similis (Mus. Lugd. Bat. I, 264 (September, 1850), is stated
by its author to be very near to this, and indeed Sir Joseph Hooker (FI. Br. Ind. IJ,
50) has taken Blume’s name in preference to Planchon’s. R. sororia, Planch. from
Borneo must, from the description, be also very near this.
Var. major. Flowers ‘3 in. long and ‘35 in, in diam, in lax panicles ;
leaflets nearly | in. long.
Perak ; King’s Collector, No. 5516,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 15
8. Rovurea FuLGENS, Planch. in Linnaea, XXIIT, 423. A woody
climber; young branches minutely and deciduously rusty-tomentose.
Leaves 3 to 5 in. long, the rachis tomentose ; leaflets 12 to 24 pairs, thin-
ly coriaceous, oblong, slightly oblique, entire, obtuse, the base rounded
or sub-cordate, usually oblique; upper surface glabrous, reticulate,
minutely rugulose when dry, the lower rather densely covered with
rusty silky pubescence; length *4 to ‘65 in., breadth °15 to ‘25 in.
Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, pubescent, pedicels
short. Flowers unknown. follicles ‘75 in. long, much curved. Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 46. Connarus fulgens, Wall. Cat. 8524.
Singapore; Wallich ; Ridley, Nos. 2027, 4568. Malacca; Maingay,
No. 499.
9. Rovrea conconor, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 264. A woody
climber; young branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves 1 to 4 in. long, the
rachises tomentose ; leaflets 4 to 16 pairs, thinly coriaceous, sub-sessile,
broadly oblong, with very obtuse or truncate apex and broad oblique
minutely cordate base; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the
lower minutely dotted and boldly reticulate; main nerves about 3 pairs,
spreading ; length 3°5 to 5 in., breadth 15 to 3in. Racemes about as
long as the leaves, axillary, slender, rusty-tomentose ; pedicels slender,
25 in. long, as long as the flowers. Sepals orbicular, only half as long
as the oblong petals, stamens as long as the petals. Follicles °5 to °75
in. long, pointed. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 49. BR. parvifolia, Planch.
in Linnaea, Vol. XXIII, 420. Connarus mimusoides, Wall. (not Vahl.)
Cat. 8526 B. Cnestis mimusoides, Jack in Mal. Misc. Vol. II, VII, 44.
Singapore; Prince, Ridley, No. 2026, Hullett. Malacca; Griffith,
No. 1262 (Kew Distrib.) Perak; King’s Collector, No, 4373.— Distris.
Sumatra; Forbes, No. 3169. Borneo.
4, Rovreopsis, Planch.
Sarmentose or scandent shrubs. Leaves unequally-pinnate, leaflets
few. Flowers in axillary racemes; pedicels slender, bracteolate at the
base. Sepals oblong, slightly imbricate, somewhat enlarged and spread-
ing, but not clasping the base of the capsule. Petals linear-oblong.
Stamens 10, the alternate longer. Ovaries 5, styles slender. Capsule
linear-oblong, straight. Seed ovoid; testa thin, black, arilliform at the
base ; cotyledons amygdaloid.— Distris. Species 3, all Malayan.
This genus differs from Rowrea in having straight (not curved) follicles, at the
base of which the persistent sepals are free, and also in having bracteoles at the base
of the pedicels.
Leaflets puberulous beneath
1. R. pudinervis.
» quite glabrous
a + 2. BR, Scortechinis.
16 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
1. RovRgopsis PUBINERVIS, Planch. in Linnaea, XXIII, 424. A
woody climber, sometimes as long as 50 feet; young branches with pale
striate puberulous bark. Leaves 2°5 to 5 in. long, the rachises pube-
scent; leaflets membranous, 5 to 9, (the terminal one larger than the
others), narrowly ovate-elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex abrupt
and notched, the base cuneate; upper surface glabrous; the lower
paler, puberulous on the midrib and sometimes on the nerves; main
nerves 4 or 5, inter-arching, not much more prominent than the inter-
mediate nerves; length of lateral leaflets -7 to 1:7 in., breadth ‘5 to
‘75 in. Racemes slender, shorter than the leaves, solitary or in fascicles
of 2 or 3 in the leaf axils, laxly few-flowered. Flowers ‘35 in, long ;
their pedicels of about the same length, each with a minute pubescent per-
sistent bracteole at its base. Sepals broadly oblong, obtuse, pilose near
the apex, about half as long as the linear-oblong sub-acute glabrous
petals. Stamens shorter than the sepals and pistils; ovaries pubescent.
Follicles ovate, *5 or ‘6 in. long, not curved ; the persistent calyx-lobes
free, erect, about one-third as long as the fruit. Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind.,
II, 50. Indeterminata, Wall. Cat. 9050,
Penang; Porter; Curtis, 2332 and 2749. Malacca; Griffith, Maingay
No. 500. Perak; very common, Scortechini, King’s Collector.— DistR1B.
Java.
2. Rovureorsis Scortecninu, King n. sp. A slender sarmentose
woody shrub, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous, young branches
minutely lenticellate Leaves 6 to 10 in. long, the rachis rather
slender; leaflets 7 to 9, sub-opposite, very thinly coriaceous, ovate-lan-
ceolate, tapering from below the middle to the long rather blunt acumi-
nate point, the base cuneate; upper surface shining, the lower rather
dull, paler and conspicuously reticulate; main nerves about 4 pairs,
faint, the lower very oblique; length 2°25 to 3 in., breadth 1 to 1:25 in.,
petiolules about ‘1 in., stout; the lowest leaflets the smallest. Racemes
slender, axillary, 1 és 2 in. long, laxly-flowered, minutely and sparsely
rusty-pubescent. Flowers about ‘25 in. long, on slender pedicels about
-2 in. long, each pedicel with a minute rusty-tomentose bracteole at its
base. Calyzx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, hairy inside, glabrous outside.
Petals longer than the calyx, lanceolate, plicate in bud, yellowish.
Filaments slightly coherent at the base, glabrous. Pustils 5, only 1 or
2 fertile. Fruit narrowly ovoid, not curved, pointed, coriaceous, glab-
rous, 1 in. long.
Perak ; Scortechini, No. 613. Curtis (elevation 5,000 feet), No. 1998.
Scortechini’s specimens have flowers in bud only, and none of them is in fruit.
The foregoing description, as respects the flower, is copied from his field note. The
fruit is described from what I take to be the same plant collected by Curtis in
Perak at an elevation of 5,000 feet and described by him as a small tree.
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 17
5. Acenma, Soland.
Erect or scandent shrubs. Leaves 3-rarely 5-foliolate. Panicles or
racemes axillary. Calyx 5-partite, not accrescent nor embracing the fruit,
imbricate or subvalvate. Petals lanceolate or ligulate, obtuse, free or
connate at the middle. Stamens 5 or 10. Disc j-annular or 0. Pistils
2-5. Follicles 1-3, sessile or shortly stalked, coriaceous, rugose or
lamellate. Seed erect, exalbuminous; testa arilliform below the middle.
— Distris. 12 species, African and Asiatic.
Main nerves of leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, sub-erect, curving.
_ All parts more or less pubescent, stamens 5 as . IL, A. vestita.
All parts, except the inflorescence, glabrous; stamens 10 ... 2. A. Wallichit.
Main nerves of leaflets 7 to 10 pairs, spreading.
Leaflets 3 to 5, all parts more or less pubescent; stamens 5.. 3. A. pinnata.
Leaflets never more than 3, adult leaves ih glabrous ;
stamens10 ... we 4 A. Hullettiz,
1, AGELMA VESTITA, Hook. fil. “FL Br. Ind: IT, 46. A rather slender
woody creeper 20 to 80 feet long; young branches at first rusty-tomen-
tose but soon becoming sub-glabrous or glabrous.. Leaflets membranous,
unequal, more or less ovate or elliptic, with rounded base and caudate-
acuminate apex; the terminal one the larger, sometimes ovate-rotund
to sub-rhomboidal ; its petiolule ‘5 or more in length, swollen at the
apex ; the lateral leaflets inequilateral, the petiolule only ’1 or ‘2 in. long;
upper surface of all sparsely adpressed-pubescent, the midrib and
nerves tomentose; lower surface pubescent; main nerves about 3 pairs
(one pair sub-marginal), much curved, prominent as are the intermediate
nerves and reticulations; length of the lateral leaflets 2°5 to 3 in.,
breadth 1:25 to 1°75 in., the terminal one larger. Panicles extra-arillary,
less than 1 in. long, tomentose, with many short branches. Flowers
under ‘2 in. long, on slender pedicels. Calyx cleft to the very base; the
segments unequal, linear, tomentose, shorter than the glabrous yellowish
_ oblanceolate or linear petals. Stamens 5, unequal. Styles 2 to 5, slender,
with a few white hairs. follicles solitary, bright red, rarely in pairs,
ovoid, boldly tuberculate or lamellate externally and tomentose, about
*6 to ‘8 in. long, usually with a short curved stout apical beak. Seed
narrowly sub-obovoid, black, ‘4 in. long, pale and arilliform near the
base. Onestis vestita, Wall. in Herb. Linn. Soc. Connaracea, Wall. Cat.
8535. Heniandrina borneensis, Hook. f. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxxiii,
171, t. 28. Troostwyckia singularis, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 531.
Singapore; Jack, Ridley. Penang; Porter, Curtis. Malacca;
Griffith, Maingay. Perak; King’s Collector, Scortechini, Johore,
Ridley.— Distris. Sumatra, Borneo.
A very common species in Perak. The arillus of the seed i is very inconspicuous
a7 Ita
18 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
in dried specimens. The number of the pistils varies from 2 to 5. There are in
the Kew Herbarium fruiting specimens of a plant collected by Griffith which exactly
resembles this except tkat its fraits (which are immature) are non-tuberculate and
are covered with a dense coating of long silky tawny hairs. The same plant was
ollected by the Calcutta Garden Collector (No. 6878), but also without flowers.
I believe the dense hairiness of the fruit of both gatherings to be due to the irrita-
tion caused by the deposit of the eggs of some insect in the young fruit. |
2. AceLzZa Watucuu, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 47. A slender
woody creeper 20 to 50 feet long, all parts except the inflorescence
glabrous. Leaflets coriaceous, slightly unequal, ovate-elliptic, with
rounded or cuneate bases and short caudate-acuminate apices; the petio-
lule of the terminal leaflet about 1 in. long, thickened near the apex ;
the petiolules of the lateral leaflets about -25 in. long ; both surfaces
shining, the lower reticulate ; length 3 to 4:5 in.; breadth 1:5 to 2-25
in.; main nerves 2 or 3 pairs, ascending, much curved, one pair sub-
marginal. Panicles under 1 in, long, extra-axillary, pubescent. Flowers
°25 in. in diam., on pedicels longer than themselves. Calyx divided for
three-fourths of its length into 5 ovate-lanceolate imbricate segments,
sparsely pubescent externally, glabrous internally, their edges densely
sericeous, Petals longer and narrower than the segments of the calyx,
glabrous, linear, sub-acute. Stamens 10, sub-equal, longer than the
styles, much shorter than the petals. Prstils 5, very short, stout,
Follicle usually solitary, bright red when ripe, ovoid, curved, shortly
beaked, covered outside with short obtuse tubercles and minutely rusty-
tomentose, inside glabrous, °6 in. long. Seed oblong, black, its lower
half pale and arilliform. Connaracea, Wall. Cat., 8544,
Singapore; Wallich. Malacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib.) No. 1275,
Maingay, No. 511, Derry, No, 69. Penang; Curtis, Nos. 1633 and 3032.
Perak ; Wray, No. 48, Scortechini, No. 1730, King’s Collector, No, 3735.
— Distris. Sumatra, Forbes, No. 2589.
3. AGELHA pinnaTa, King n. spec. A woody climber 30 to 40 feet
long; young branches rusty-puberulous, striate. Leaflets 3 to 5, thinly
coriaceous, unequal, (the middle the largest), elliptic, broadly and
shortly caudate-acuminate, the base rounded or sub-cuneate ; upper
surface glabrous except the minutely pubescent midrib; lower surface
minutely sub-adpressed pubescent, the transverse veins distinct; the
midrib tomentose; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, spreading and curving
upwards, prominent on the lower surface, slightly impressed on the
upper; length of the terminal leaflet 6 to 8 in., breadth 3 to 3°5 in. ;
its petiolule jointed to the rachis and not longer than those of the lateral ‘
slightly smaller leaflets. Panicles about 1 in. long, densely crowded in
the axils of the leaves, many-flowered, minutely tomentose. Flowers
“3 in. long, their pedicels half as long. Calyx divided to the very base
1897.] G. King—NMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 19
into 5 linear acuminate reflexed segments, half as long as the petals,
tomentose externally. Petals linear, much acuminate, glabrous, white
inside and purple outside. Stamens 5, shorter than the pistils, the
anthers sub-globular. Pistils 5, the ovaries softly tomentose ; the styles
spreading, recurved ; the stigma bifid. Fruit unknown.
Perak; King’s Collector, No. 5425.
This differs notably from both the other species of this genus in its leaflets
having often 5 instead of 3 leaflets. In the structure of its flowers, however, it
agrees perfectly with the diagnosis of the genus. It is more nearly allied to A.
vestita than to A. Wallichii, but it differs from both in the larger number of main
nerves in its leaves. Its flowers are moreover larger than these of A. vestita, and
the petals are differently coloured.
4, AceLea Huiietru, King n, spec. A woody creeper 15 to 20
feet long ; young branches minutely tomentose. Leaflets 3, coriaceous;
the terminal slightly the largest, narrowly elliptic-oblong ; the lateral
pair slightly oblique, all with acute apices and cuneate bases; the petio-
lule of the terminal one from ‘5 to ‘75 in. long, jointed; those of the
lateral pair ‘25 in. long; upper surface glabrous and minutely pitted,
the lower finely reticulate, when young sub-lepidote and puberulous, ©
when adult glabrous; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, spreading and curving
upwards, prominent on the lower and obsolete on the upper surface ;
some of the intermediate nearly as distinct; length of the terminal
leaflet 6 to 9 in., breadth 2 to 2°5 in., the lateral pair rather smaller.
Panicles less than 1 in. long, minutely tomentose, crowded in the
leaf-axils or from the axils of fallen leaves, many-flowered. Flowers
‘2 in. long and about the same across; their pedicels about ‘25 in. long.
Calyx divided for two-thirds of its length into 5 lanceolate segments,
tomentose outside, glabrescent inside. Petals longer than the sepals,
spreading, linear-oblong, glabrous, with a mesial rib, recurved from
about the middle. Stamens 10, the alternate ones shorter, none of
them so long as the pistils. Ovaries narrowly oblong, tomentose. Styles
sub-glabrous, slightly diverging. follicles 1 to 3, bright red when ripe,
woody, ovoid, shortly beaked, externally tubercled and minutely rusty-
tomentose, inside glabrous, length *5 to ‘65 in. Seed sub-cylindric, com-
pressed, the upper half black, the lower pale and arilliform, ‘5 in. long.
Singapore; Hullett, No. 841; Ridley, No. 4589. Perak; King’s
Collector, No. 5729. |
This is distinguished from A. pinnata by the leaflets being invariably 3 and the
stamens being only 5 while, in that species, there are often 5 leaflets and always 10
stamens. This resembles A. Wallichit in some respects, but it differs from that
species in having larger leaflets more cuneate at the base with acute, not caudate
acuminate, apices and with more than twice as many main nerves. The leaflets of
the former are moreover quite glabrous at all stages, while in this the lower sur-
' face of the young leaflets is puberulous and lepidote.
20 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Norte.
Connarus Diepenhorstii, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 529, (of which a type
specimen is in the Calcutta Herbarium) is unmistakeably a species of Agelea and
should be named Agelxa Diepenhorstii. It is allied to A. Wallichii, Hook. fil., but
has larger leaflets and much longer racemes. To this belong Teysmann’s Sumatra
specimens from Prianam (Herb, Hort. Bogor,, No. 2197), and Forhes’s from the
Lampongs in Sumatra, Nos. 1313 and 1386.
6. Taniocuiana, Hook. f.
A rambling shrub. Leaves unequally pinnate, glabrous; leaflets 3,
quite entire. Panicles axillary, short. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyz-
tube short, hemispheric; segments 5, enlarged and revolute in fruit,
valvate. Petals 5, much exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10, alternately
shorter, nearly free at the base. Ovaries 5, sessile ; styles short, stigmas
discoid. Jollicles 1-8, ovoid, pubescent; valves glabrous within. Seed
oblong, .arillate ; albumen 0, cotyledons plano-convex.
TNIOCHLANA GRiFFITHIT, Hook. fil, in Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI. I,
434; Hl, Br. Ind. II, 55. Young branches puberulous, and with pale
brown lenticels; all parts except the inflorescence quite glabrous.
Leaflets coriaceous, the terminal largest, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, with
sub-acute slightly bifid apices, slightly narrowed to the rounded base,
the edges slightly sub-revolute when dry; both surfaces shining, the
lower reticulate; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, the lower pair sub-marginal,
all curved upwards, prominent on the lower and depressed on the
upper surface; the petiolules of all jointed, °15 in. long; length of the
terminal leaflets 5 to 6°5 in., the laterals smaller. ~Panicles (fide Sir
J.D, Hooker) “2 to 3 in. long, fascicled, densely pubescent, slender,
Flowers rotate, *33 in. in diam. Segments of the calyx oblong, pubescent,
recurved in flower. Petals twice as long, linear, dilated upwards,
glabrous; filaments short, subulate. follicles 2 or 3, ‘5 to 1 in. long,
obtuse, densely pubescent, valves coriaceous. Seed short, slightly com-
pressed, testa black, arillus small.”
Malacca ; Griffith, Maingay, No. 497,
7. Cwestis, Juss,
Scandent shrubs or trees. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets many,
quite entire, lowers in racemes, tomentose, rarely panicled, polyga-
mous or diccious, rotate. Sepals 5, valvate or imbricate at the tip,
spreading in fruit. Petals 5, shorter or longer than the calyx, Stamens
10, free. Ovaries 5-7, sessile; styles short, stigmas capitellate. Capsules
1-3, kidney-shaped, cylindric, curved or waved, pubescent, often villous
or clothed with rigid hairs within, Seed witha thin arillus, albumen
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 21
fleshy, cotyledons thin.—Distris. Tropical Asia and Africa; species
about 17. |
Cnestis raMIFrLorA, Griff. Notul. IV, 432. A small tree or a
climber, young branches, rachises of leaves, under surfaces of leaflets
and inflorescence more or less. softly rusty-tomentose. Leaves 8 to 15
in. long ; leaflets 19 to 31, sub-sessile, narrowly oblong, rarely slightly
obovate, obtuse or sub-acute; the base broad, rounded or minutely
cordate; upper surface sparsely adpressed-pubescent or glabrescent, the
nerves pubescent; main nerves 4 or 9 pairs, spreading, faint; length
1:°25.to 3 in., breadth ‘4 to 1°5 in. Racemes much shorter than the
leaves, in axillary fascicles. Female flowers about ‘35 in. in diam., the
males smaller. Sepals narrowly oblong, obtuse, pubescent on both
surfaces, Petals similar in shape to the sepals but sometimes longer,
glabroys. Stamens much shorter than the sepals, the filaments glabrous.
Disc and Ovaries 5, tomentose, styles short. Follicles 1 to 3 from one
flower, sessile, compressed, falcate, widest about the middle, much
curved, rugose, rusty-pubescent; the pericarp very thick, woody, lined
inside with a dense layer of sericeous tomentum, 1°5 to 1°75 in. long
aud °8 in. broad. Seed broad, compressed, the testa and arillus thin.
Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XLV, pt. 2, p. 216; For. Flora Burma,
I, 329; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 54. C. flaminea, Griff. Notul. VI, 433.
CO. platantha, Griff. 1. c. 434; Kurz l.c. Cnestis foliosus and C. igneus,
Planch. MSS. in Herb. Kew. Connarus foliosus, Jack in Wall. Cat. 8529.
OC. igneus, Wall. Cat. 8528. ourea dasyphylla, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.
Suppl. 528.
In all the provinces, a common plant.— DistR1s. Burma, Sumaira,
Philippine Islands.
A widely distributed plant and therefore presenting various forms, some of
which (as the synonymy shows) have been regarded as species. The form which is
most distinct is that which assumes the habit of a small tree; but its flowers and
_ Jeaves are in no way different from those of the scandent forms. This was, how-
ever, kept separate by Kurz under the specific name C. ramiflora Griff.; while, for
the scandent forms, he kept the name C. platantha, Griff.
OrperR XXXVIII. LEGUMINOSAH.
(By D. Pratn.)
Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate and usually alternate,
pinnate or digitate or simple, often stipellate, sometimes with the rachis
ending in a bristle or tendril. Inflorescence axillary or leaf-opposed or
terminal ; usually simply racemose or panicled ; bracts and bracteoles
usually both present. Flowers usually irregular, hermaphrodite, rarely
regular or polygamous. Sepals 5, combined or free, often unequal,
sometimes arranged in two lips. Petals 5, rarely fewer by arrest, very
22 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
rarely 0, usually free and unequal. Stamens normally 10, perigynous
or almost hypogynous, rarely fewer by arrest, or indefinite ; filaments
free or variously combined ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence almost always
longitudinal. Ovary free, style simple, cylindric, usually declinate ;
stigma capitate, terminal or oblique; ovules 1—oo on the ventral suture.
Fruit usually dry, a pod splitting open along both sutures, sometimes
opening only along the ventral suture, sometimes continuous and in-
dehiscent, sometimes separating into one-seeded indehiscent segments. |
Seeds usually exalbuminous; cotyledons foliaceous or amygdaloid, with
a straight or an inflexed accumbent radicle.
A very large order with three very natural suborders, including
altogether about 8,000 species. Of these suborders the Papilionacese
are cosmopolitan in distribution, the Cesepiniee and the Mimosex are
confined to the tropics and to warm temperate regions.
Petals imbricate :—
Calyx segments united above the level of the disc;
the upper petal (standard) exterior (PAPILIONACES) :—
Stamens mon- or diadelphous : —
Pods dehiscent along both sutures :—
Leaves even-pinnate the rachis continued as a
tendril or bristle “ Ae al I. Viciex.
Leaves simple, digitate or odd-pinnate :—
Leaves simple sessile, or digitately 3-7-folio-
late; stamens monadelphous, anthers dimor-
phous... ak roy ee II. GeENISTEXR,
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely (Clitoria)
5-7-foliolate or (Flemingia) petioled 1-folio-
late or digitately 3-foliolate and then with
2-adelphous stamens ; when stamens 1-adel-
phous, the upper filament attached to the
others at its base... wee -. III. PuHasrouna.
Leaves 5-0-foliolate, or if 1-3-foliolate
(Tephrosia) with partially monadelphous sta-
mens and uniform anthers, or (Indigofera)
with 2-adelphous stamens, apiculate anthers
and basifixed hairs ; when stamens monadel-
phous the upper stamen free at its base... IV. GALEGER,
Pods indehiscent or opening only along lower
suture ; (leaves, except Avachis, odd-pinnate) :—
Pods not segmented, always quite indehi-
scent; leaves a]! odd-pinnate ar ies V. DALBERGIER.
Pods breaking into l-seeded indehiscent seg-
ments, or if dehiscent (Desmodium in part)
only opening along lower suture; if not seg-
mented (Arachis) with leaves even-pinnate ;
(segment solitary in Phylaciwm) ... VI. HeBysarna.
Stamens free... ye see «. VII. SopHorra,
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 23
Calyx segments free to the level of the disc (except
Bauhiniex) ; the upper petal interior (C#SALPINIEZ) :—
Leaves simple or simply pinnate :—
Anthers basifixed a. a0 .. WWIII. CaAssiem.
Anthers versatile :—
Petals. 5 :—
Calyx gamosepalous or valvately partite... IX. BaAvainie#,
Calyx lobes free imbricate Bi sa X. CyYNOMETRER.
Petals fewer than 5 (7 or 1 or 0)... hs XI. AMHERSTIER,
Leaves 2-pinnate ae a ee. XII, CHSALPINIER,
Petals valvate (MimosEm) :—
Calyx teeth imbricated ane he .. XIII. PARKIEz,
Calyx valvate :—
Stamens 5 or 10:—
Anthers glandular ba oe .. XIV. ADENANTHERE,
Anthers not glandular ... sen) .. SV. EHUMIMOSER.
Stamens 0 :—
Filaments free oes ese «os i meVE, -ACACIEA,
Filaments united na wee .. AVIT. INGEA.
A. Suzorpzr I. Paprtionacez. Calyx segments united beyond the
disc. Petals imbricated, the upper external. Radicle inflexed accumbent
or, rarely, very short and straight.
Tripe I. Victem. Dwarf herbs or climbers. Leaves usually even-.
pinnate, the petiole produced in a spine or tendril, leaflets entire ex-
stipellate ; stipules often foliaceous. lowers solitary or racemose.
Stamens diadelphous (9+1). Pod dehiscent.
1. Abrus.
) TriseE II, Genistez. Shrubs, sometimes tree-like, or non-climbing
herbs. Leaves simple or digitately 3-00 -foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate ;
stipules small, free. Flowers in racemes or spikes. Stamens mon-
adelphous : anthers almost always 2-morphous. Pod dehiscent.
2. Crotalaria.
3 Trise Il], Poaszorez. Climbing or creeping herbs, rarely erect
and shrubby, very rarely trees. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely 1-
or 5-7-foliolate, leaflets entire or lobed, almost always stipellate.
Bracts 2 opposite persistent stipular or caducous. Stamens monadel-
phous, but if so the upper filament always free at the base; or
diadelphons (9+1) by more or less complete detachment of the upper ;
anthers uniform very rarely (Mucuna) 2-morphous, Pod dehiscent.
Leaves gland-dotted beneath
Leaves not gland-dotted beneath :—
Style bearded and bracts very small or pes ee
Style beardless, or if bearded (Clitoria) with bracts per-
at ye . A, Cajanex.
B. Euphaseolex,
sistent :—
Rachis of inflorescence not swollen at nodes (style bearded
in Clitoria) eee eee eo0 vee eve @. Glycinee.
24 G. King— Materials jor a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Rachis of inflorescence nodose :—
Upper stamen subconnate with the others and petals
subequal ... a sae ste D. Dioclezx.
Upper stamen free or if subconnate, then petals very
unequal :—
Petals very unequal ap ove «. #. Erythrinez.
Petals of same length si . ». LF. Galactiex.
Sub-tribe A. Cajanes. Inflorescence racemose, rachis not swollen, or —
flowers subumbellate or solitary, bracts usually membranous caducous,
bracteoles 0; petals of subequal length; upper stamen free; style
bearded, stigma terminal; leaves gland-dotted at least beneath;
stipels small, sometimes 0. !
3. Flemingia. Ovules 2; pod turgid, leaves subdigitate or 1-foliolate.
4, Hriosema. Ovules 2; pod compressed, leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ;
funicle terminal on hilum.
5. Dunbaria. Ovules 4-00 ; pod compressed, not deep-lineate between
the seeds. |
6. Atylosia. Ovules 4-00 ; pod compressed, deep-lineate between the
strophiolate seeds. | |
7. Cajanus. Ovules 4-00 ; pod compressed, deep-lineate between the
seeds ; strophiole 0. |
Sub-tribe B. Huphaseolex. Inflorescence racemose, rachis nodose,
bracts small or caducous ; petals equal in length or the keel long-beaked,
or spirally twisted; upper stamen free; style longitudinally bearded
along the inner face or less often simply pilose round the stigma,
8. Phaseolus. Keel spiral.
9. Vigna. Keel not spiral; stigma oblique, style not flattened up-
wards ; pods not lineate between seeds.
10. Pachyrhizus. Keel not spiral; stigma oblique globose on inner
face of style flattened upwards ; pod lineate.
11. Dolichos. Keel not spiral; stigma terminal; pod not winged.
12. Psophocarpus. Keel not spiral; stigma terminal; pod square,
winged at the 4 corners. |
Sub-tribe C. Glycineze. Inflorescence of axillary fascicles or racemes
of solitary or geminate flowers on an unswollen rachis; standard not
appendiculate or (in small flowered genera) minutely appendiculate at
the base; upper stamen free or united at the base with the rest; style
naked (bearded in Clitoria).
13. Clitoria. Bracts persistent; standard large not spurred; calyx-
tube long ; style bearded; stamens 10 fertile.
14. Centrosema. Bracts persistent ; standard large spurred on the
back ; calyx-tube short; style naked ; stamens 10 fertile.
15. Teramnus. Bracts small decidous; standard small; stamens
alternate, 5 fertile, 5 sterile.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 25
Sub-tribe D. Dioclex. Inflorescence racemose with rachis swollen
at the nodes, bracts small or caducous; calyx usually 4-lobed from
union of the two upper teeth, rarely very unequally 2-lipped ; petals
subequal in length; upper stamen free at the base, connate with the
remainder above ; style not bearded.
16. Dioclea. Calyx campanulate ; pod broad bien thickened along
upper suture.
17. Pueraria. Calyx campanulate ; pod linear, flat or narrow.
18. Canavalia. Calyx 2-lipped; with a large upper and small
lower lip.
Sub-tribe H. Hrythrineze. Inflorescence usually racemose with rachis
nodose, flowers showy with unequal petals—in some genera with very
large standard longer than the wings and sometimes than the keel also,
in others with standard much exceeded by the large cochleate keel ;
upper stamen free or united at the base with the remainder; style
naked ; bracts usually small, deciduous. |
19. Mucuna. Keel longest, standard shorter than wings ; anthers
2-morphous ; climbers.
20, Strongylodon. Standard and keel equal and longer than wings ;
anthers uniform ; climbers.
21. Erythrina. Standard longer than keel and wings ; anthers uni-
form ; armed trees. Pod sometimes dehiscent only at apex,
sterile and indehiscent below.
Sub-tribe FE. Galactiew. Inflorescence racemose with nodose rachis,
more rarely amply paniculate; bracts small very deciduous; calyx
usually 4-lobed, the two upper teeth connate; petals sub-equal in
length ; upper stamen free; style not bearded.
22. Spatholobus. Pod l-seeded at the apex only and there parti.
ally dehiscent, sterile and: indehiscent below.
Tripe IV. Gatecexz. Herbs never twining, erect shrubs, or less
often trees or large woody climbers. Leaves odd-, very rarely even-pin-
nate without the rachis prolonged, leaflets 0, or rarely 3-1, usually
entire. Stamens 10, the lower 9 united as far as their middle or further
in a sheath split along the upper side or less often closed in the middle,
the upper sometimes free from the base, at others connate by its middle
with the sheath, very rarely wanting; filaments filiform at the tips,
anthers versatile uniform, or rarely somewhat dimorphous. Pod not
seomented, 2-valved or if indehiscent usually small, 1-2-seeded or mem-
branous inflated. Seeds rarely strophiolate.
Anthers with connective apiculate or gland-tipped ...
Anthers muticous :—
Racemes all axillary or from old nodes ti -. B. Robiniex.
J. u. 4
A. Indigoferez.
26 G. Kmg— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
Racemes terminal, or iiehinaibici or Aipelhabtes at the
ends of branches a .. ©. Tephrosiezx.
Sub-tribe A. Indigoferee. Bas or cea eh olandular punctate or
not, usually hoary canescent, the hairs always fixed in the middle ;
racemes or spikes axillary ; connective of anther produced in a gland
or mucro; ovules usually o ; pod 2-valved.
23. Indigofera.
Sub-tribe B. Robiniexe. Herbs, erect or rarely climbing shrubs, or
trees ; racemes all axillary or fasciculate on old nodes; upper stamen
usually free ; anthers muticous ; ovulesoo ; style usually rigid; pod
usually 2-valved, flat or only turgid opposite the seeds.
24. Sesbania.
_ Sub-tribe C. Tephrosiex. Herbs, erect or large climbing shrubs, or
trees ; racemes terminal or leaf-opposed or panicled at the ends of
branches, rarely arising from upper axils, or with the lower or all the
pedicels geminate or fasciculate in the axils of leaves; authers muti-
cous ; ovules usually oo ; style usually rigid ; pod 2-valved.
25. Tephrosia. Leaves striate-veined ; pod thin, early dehiscent.
26. Millettia. Leaves reticulate-veined ; pod firm, tardily dehiscent.
Tribe V, Dausercie®. Trees or erect or lofty climbing shrubs.
Leaves pinnately 5-co-foliolate, very rarely 3- or 1-foliolate, usually
exstipellate. Inflorescence various, paniculate, fascicled racemose, or
cymose. Stamens all united in one sheath, entire or split along the
upper side, or in two lateral half-sheaths from simultaneous fission along
both upper and lower sides, or the upper stamen free the rest connate ;
anthers usually uniform. Pod longer than the calyx, membranous,
coriaceous, woody or drupaceous, indehiscent and not segmented.
Leaflets opposite wae A se ... A. Lonchocarpex.
Leaflets alternate ae ie ae . B. Pterocarpex.
Sub-tribe A. Lonchocarpex. Leaflets opposite; pod not drupaceous ;
seeds usually transverse or attached by a lateral hilum, not pen-
dulous.
27. Pongamia. Pod coriaceous, not winged ; calyx subtruncate.
28. Derris. Pod coriaceous or membranous, winged; calyx subtrun-
cate.
29. Kunstleria. Pod membranous not winged ; calyx toothed.
Sub-tribe B. Pterocarpex. Leaflets alternate; pod not drupaceous ;
seeds usually transverse or attached by a lateral hilum, not pen-
dulous.
30. Dalbergia. Anthers small, terminal ; pod oblong or linear.
31. Pterocarpus. Anthers versatile ; pod suborbicular.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 27
Trine VI. Hepysarew. Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs sometimes
twining or climbing, rarely trees. Leaves odd- or rarely even-pinnate,
petiole if produced not cirrhate, leaflets 3-00, rarely digitately 3—4-
foliolate, 1-foliolate or simple. Stamens diadelphous, 9 connate in a
sheath as high as their middle or higher and split along the upper side,
the upper being free, or monadelphous in a sheath split along the upper
side, or diadelphous in two equal lateral half-sheaths (split simultaneously
along upper and lower sides) or rarely all free; filaments free at their
tips, filiform or dilated upwards; anthers uniform versatile, or rarely
2-morphous, the alternate larger subbasifixed. Pod indehiscent separa-
ting into 1-seeded segments, rarely unsegmented (Arachis), or by abor-
tion or organically (Phylaciwm) 1-seeded. Seeds rarely strophiolate.
Stamens monadelphous, anthers 2-morphons; leaflets even-
pinnate or digitate, exstipellate ile
Stamens diadelphous, anthers uniform ; leaflets odd-pinnate
or simple.
Leaflets exstipellate, staminal phalanges 5+5... .. B. Aeschynomenez.
Leaflets stipellate, staminal phalanges9+1 ... . ©. Desmodiex.
A. Stylosanthezx.
Sub-tribe A. Stylosanthex. Herbaceous approaching undershrubs,
often viscid; leaves exstipellate, leaflets few ; flowers spicate, capitate
or rarely subracemose, in terminal spikes, or axillary by suppression of
floral branches; bracts 1-foliolate and 2-stipulate, or stipuloid from
suppression of the leaf-element; stamens monadelphous; anthers 5
oblong basifixed, 5 alternate shorter versatile.
32. Arachis. Calyax-tube long filiform; leaves even-pinnate; pod
not segmented ripening underground.
33. Zornia. Calyx-tube not elongated ; leaves digitately 2-4-folio-
late.
Sub-tribe B. Aeschynomenex. Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs ; leaves
pinnate, leaflets ©, or rarely 1-3, exstipellate ; flowers usually in few-
fid: axillary racemes, rarely in axillary fascicles or subcymose; keel
obtuse or beaked, incurved ; wings usually transversely folded; sta-
meus (in Malayan genera) connate in two lateral phalanges; style
filiform.
34. Smithia. Pod folded within calyx.
30. Ormocarpum. Pod straight easerted, joints oblong; ovary
sessile.
36. Aeschynomene. Pod straight exserted, joints quadrate.or sub-
orbicular ; ovary stipitate.
Sub-tribe OC. Desmodiex. Herbs, rarely twining, or undershrubs, less
_ often shrubs, very rarely trees; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-folio-
_ late the distal leaflets 2-stipellate the lateral leaflets opposite, each 1-
stipellate, rarely 5-7-foliolate ; stipules often striate ; flowers in pairs
28 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
along the rachis of a raceme, rarely fasciculate or solitary, the racemes
terminal or casually at the same time also axillary ; standard usually
cuneate at the base, wings as long as or longer than keel and usually
adherent to its base ; upper stamen free or coherent with the rest from
the base upwards; pod sometimes (Phylaciwm) 1-jointed, sometimes
(Desmodium § Nicholsonia) opening along the lower suture.
37. Phylacium. Ovary l-ovuled ; pod 1-seeded.
38. Uraria. Ovary 2- or more-ovuled; pod folded inside calyx ;
calyx-tube short, teeth long, not accrescent.
39. Lourea. Ovary 2- or more-ovuled; pod folded inside calyx ;
calyx-tube large, teeth small, accrescent in fruit.
40. <Alysicarpus. Ovary 2- or more-ovuled; pod straight exserted ;
_ gownts of pod coriaceous as thick as they are long and broad.
41, Desmodium. Ovary 2- or more-ovuled ; pod straight exserted ;
joints of pod membranous or, tf coriaceous (§ Dendrolobium),
broader than their thickness, and, if as thick as they are broad,
(§ Scorpiurus) then much longer than broad.
Tripe VII. Sopnorez. Trees or tall shrubs, very rarely sub-
_ herbaceous or large climbers. Leaves pinnately 5—co -foliolate or 1-folio-
late. Corolla papilionaceous or almost regular the upper petal outer in
bud, the lower ones occasionally absent. Stamens 10, free or very slight-
ly connate at the base. Pod indehiscent unsegmented, or 2-valved.
Radicle straight, incurved or inflexed.
42. Sophora. Pod moniliform elongated, indehiscent.
43, Ormosia. Pod short thickly coriaceous, 2-valved.
B. Svzsorver II. Casatprniex. Calyzx-segments partite to the disc,
very rarely (some Bauhinias) gamosepatous.. Petals imbricated the upper-
most internal. Radicle straight or, rarely, slightly oblique. Stamens
almost always free. }
Tripe VIII. Casstrm. Trees, rarely shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves
odd- or even-pinnate. Calyx segments or sepals 5, rarely 4-3, divided
to the disc, imbricate or rarely subvalvate. Petals 5 or fewer or 0.
Anthers erect, thick, basifixed, dehiscence longitudinal or 2-porose; or
rarely dorsifixed and 2-porose. Ovary or stipe free inside calyx-tube.
Ovules 2—ow, rarely 1. Seeds albuminous.
44, Cassia. Sepals 5, petals 5; stamens 10 or 5, leaves even-pinnate.
45. Koompassia. Sepals 5, petals 5; stamens 5; leaves odd-pinnate.
46. Dialium. Sepals 5, petals 2 or 1 or 0, stamens 2; leaves odd-
pinnate.
Trine IX. Bavarnrex. Woody tendril-bearing climbers, rarely
trees. Leaves simple, entire or 2-lobed ; rarely 2-foliolate, Calyx gamo-
Jea7.], G: King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 29
sepalous above the disc or valvately partite, the tip 5-toothed or less
often 5-lobed with teeth or lobes imbricated. Petals 5. Anthers versa-
tile. Ovary with stalk free or adnate to calyx-tube. Ovules 2-0.
Seeds albuminous.
47.. Bauhinia.
Trips X. Cynometrex. Trees. Leaves even-pinnate, 2-co -folio-
late. Calyx lobes divided to the disc, imbricate or valvate. Petals 5 or
fewer or 0. Anthers versatile. Ovary 1-2-ovuled. Flowers usually
small. :
48. Cynometra.
Trine XI. AmuerstTiExz. Trees., Leaves even-, very rarely odd-
pinnate, 2-00 -, rarely 1-foliolate. Calyx lobes divided to the disc, imbri-
cate, very rarely valvate. Petals 5 or fewer or 0. Anthers versatile.
Ovary 3-0 -ovuled, stalk adnate to the disc-bearing tube of calyx.
49. Tamarindus. Petals 3 perfect ; stamens 3 perfect.
50. Sindora. Petal 1; leaves very coriaceous; calyx-segments sub-
valvate.
dl. Afzelia. Petal 1; leaves papery; calyx-segments much imbri-
cated.
52. Saraca. Petals 0; leaflets even-pinnate.
53. Crudia, Petals 0; leaflets alternate odd-pinnate.
'Tripe XII. Hucasarpiniex. Trees, shrubs or large climbers. Leaves
all 2-pinnate or, rarely, some leaves simply pinnate others 2-pinnate,
Calyx lobes divided to the disc. Petals usually 5 slightly unequal.
Anthers versatile. Ovary 2-0-, rarely l-ovuled, the stalk free in the
ic tube.
54. Peltophorum. Calyzx-lobes subequal; pod winged clon both
sutures; stigma large peltate.
55. Cesalpinia. Calyz-lobes unequal, the lowest large hooded; pod
wingless.
56. Mezoneuron. Calyx-lobes unequal, the lowest lurge hooded ; pod
winged along upper suture.
57. Pterolobium. Calyz-lobes wnequal, the lowest large hooded ;
pod samaroid, winged at the apex only. ,
C. Svzorper III]. Mimoszm Flowers regular small. Calyx
gamosepalous or valvately partite. Petals valvate, wsuully connate below
the middle. Stamens free or monadelphous.
Tripe XIII. Parxiexz. Trees. Leaves 2-pinnate. Calyx teeth short,
imbricate. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals.
58, Parkia.
'
30 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Trise XIV. ApDENANTHERER, Herbs, climbing shrubs or trees,
Leaves 2-pinnate. Calyx valvate. Stamens twice as many, rarely only
as many, as the petals. Anthers tipped by a stipitate gland.
o9. Entada. Inflorescence a long spike; woody climbers with very
large pods and seeds. |
60. Adenanthera. Inflorescence a long narrow raceme ; trees.
61. Neptunia. Inflorescence capitate ; aquatic floating or creeping
herbs.
62. Xylia. Inflorescence capitate ; tall trees.
Trine XV. Humimosez, . Herbs, erect or climbing shrubs, or trees.
Leaves 2-pinnate. Flowers 4-5-merous, rarely 3- or 6-merous. Calya
valvate or pappus-like, or 0. Stamens twice as many, or only as many,
as the petals, free. Anthers not gland-tipped ; pollen-granules many,
distinct.
63, Leucaena. Pod opening through the sutures, valves continuous ;
shrubs or small trees.
64. Mimosa. Pod with persistent sutures ; valves segmented ; shrubs
or undershrubs,
Trise XVI. Acactea. Trees, shrubs or woody climbers. Leaves
2-pinnate. Flowers 4-5-merous, rarely 3-merous or 6-merous. Calyx
valvate, very rarely 0. Stamens indefinite, often very numerous, free,
or with the inner rows slightly subconnate at the base into a shallow
ring ; pollen-masses 2—6. |
65. Acacia.
Trise XVII. Inaex, Trees. Leaves 2-pinnate sometimes 2-3.
geminate, rarely simply pinnate. Flowers usually 5-merous. Calyx
valvate. Stamens indefinite often numerous, rarely 10-15, united in a
tube at the base or sometimes higher up; anthers small; pollen-masseg
2-6.
66. Serianthes. Pod septate between the seeds, thick, woody, inde-
hiscent ; flowers large ; trees.
67. Enterolobium. Pod septate between the seeds, spongy or fleshy,
indehiscent ; flowers small ; trees,
68. Calliandra. « Pod thin, straight with thickened sutures, dehiscing
elastically ; flowers small; trees or shrubs.
69. Albizzia. Pod thin, straight, dehiscent or indehiscent ; flowers
small ; trees or shrubs.
70. Pithecolobium. Pod coriaceous, curved, indehiscent or dehiscing
through lower suture, or fleshy and dehiscing by both sutures;
flowers small; trees.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 31
Svp-orpER I. PaAprmrr10oNACEzZ.
Herbs or shrubs (often climbing), rarely trees. Leaves simple or
digitately or pinnately compound ; usually stipellate rarely even-pinnate.
Inflorescence various, often racemose. lowers irregular, usually her-
maphrodite, rarely regular. Sepals 5, united beyond the disc in a
campanulate or tubular calyx with a truncate, 5-toothed or 5-lobed
limb, or with limb™-toothed by union of the two upper segments or
2-lipped by similar union of three lower. Petals 5 imbricate or rarely
spreading, the upper (standard) outer, two lateral (wings) usually over-
lying and free from or attached about the middle to the two lower
inner rarely free usually connate below in a curved sheath (keel); petals
rarely subsimilar and subequal. Stamens inserted with the petals on a
disc lining the base of the calyx, usually 10 diadelphous in a sheath
of 9 connate next keel with 1 free next standand, rarely in 2 lateral
sheaths of 5 each; sometimes 9 by abortion of upper filament, or 5 by
abortion of alternate stamens; occasionally 10, monadelphous, : very
rarely 10, free; anthers usually dehiscing longitudinally. Hmbryo with
radicle usually inflexed, accumbent. Albumen 0 or very scanty.
Stamens mon- or di-adelphous :—
Pods dehiscent by both sutures :—
Leaves even-pinnate the petiole ending in a bristle ;
stamens 9, the tenth abortive... . I. ABRus.
Leaves odd-pinnate or simple, or dikitedety 3- or more-
foliolate : —
Leaves simple or digitately compound ; (pods turgid) :—
Leaves simple, sessile, or digitately 3—7-foliolate; sta-
mens monadelphous; seeds many .. 2. CROTALARIA,
Leaves digitately 3-foliolate or, if 1- foliolate seithed s
stamens diadelphous ; seeds 2 Sy .. 3 FLEMINGIA.
Leaves pinnately compound :—
Leaves 3-foliolate (5-7-foliolate in one species of
Clitoria) (PHASEOLE® except Flemingia) :—
Pods dehiscent from end to end :—
Leaves glandular beneath; (pod compressed ;
stamens 9+1) (Cajanex except Flemingia) :—
Ovules 2; the 2 upper calyx-lobes almost free ;
. (stigma small terminal ; seed not eae
funicle attached to end of hilum. ... 4, ERIOSEMA.
Ovules 4 or more; the 2 upper seek lobes
much connate; funicle centric : —
Climbers; stigma small terminal; seeds
strophiolate or sub-strophiolate :—
Pod linear acuminate, hardly depressed
between the seeds; funicle expanded but
seeds not distinctly strophiolate «» 5. DUNBARIA.
32. G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Pod oblong obtuse, deeply transversely
lineate between the seeds; strophiole
large ... oes ove ssi
Woody undershrubs ; stigma dilated. oblique ;
seeds not strophiolate ; (pod acute deeply .
transversely lineate between the seeds) ... 7. CaJsaNus,
Leaves not glandular beneath, (leaflets stipel-
late ; climbing species except Erythrina) :—
Style bearded below the stigma; (stamens
9+1) (EHuphaseolee + Clitoria) :—
Stigma oblique :—
6. ATYLOSIA,
Keel spirally twisted Pe ... 8. PHASEOLUS.
Keel not spiral :—
Style filiform ms o 9. VIGNA.
Style flattened upwards... -- 10. PACHYRHIZUS,
Stigma terminal :—
Petals equal in length :—
Pod flattish, not winged .., - 11. DoticHos.
Pod square, 4-winged .. 12. PsopHocaRPUs.
Petals very unequal, standard large;
leaflets sometimes 5-7 4 . 13. CurToria.
Style not bearded below the stigma :— .
Nodes of racemes not swollen (Glycinex
except Clitoria) :—
Petals very unequal, standard large; .
stamens 9 +1, all fertile a ... 14, CENTROSEMA.
Petals subequal, all small; stamens mona-
delphous, 5 fertile, 5 alternate sterile ... 15. TrRAMNUs,
Nodes of racemes swollen :—
Stamens monadelphous; petals equal
(Dioclez) :— ,
Upper lip of calyx not projecting :—
Pod oblong, turgid, 1-2-seeded .-. 16. D1ocLEA.
Pod linear, flat, many-seeded ... 17, PUBRARIA.
Upper lip of calyx projecting ..- 18. CANAVALIA,
Stamens diadelphous (9+1); petals very
unequal (Hrythrinex) :—
Anthers dimorphous; keel exceeding
wings and standard as ... 19. Mucuna.
Anthers uniform :—
Keel and standard equal, wings very
short ane is ... 20. STRONGYLODON,
Keel and wings both shorter than
standard ; armed trees... -. 21. ERYTHRINA,
Pods dehiscent at the seed-bearing apex only, else-
where seedless and indehiscent :—
Armed trees, keel and wings shorter than standard 21. EryTHRINA
§ HyPAPHORUS,
Unarmed climbers; petals equal ... ... 22, SPATHOLOBUS.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 33
Leaves pinnately 5-0 -foliolate; (1-foliolate in some
species of Tephrosia) :—
Anthers apiculate; hairs centrally fixed ; (stamens
diadelphous, 9+ 1) Ses oe «. 20. INDIGOFERA.*
Anthers obtuse ; hairs basifixed :—
Pods transversely septate between the seeds;
(stamens diadelphous, 9 +1) Me ... 24, SESBANIA,
Pods not septate ; (stamens 9+1, the upper often
united in the middle to the staminal sheath) :—
Leaflets closely parallel-veined ; pod thin early
dehiscent ; leaves sometimes 1-3-foliolate .». 20. TEPHROSIA,
Leaflets reticulate-veined ; pod thick, tardily
dehiscent ... vee . 26, MILLETTIA,
Pods indehiscent or, rarely, opening (some Desmodia) along
the lower suture :—
Pod not segmented ; (always indehiscent) :—
Leaves odd-pinnate; trees or strong woody climbers :—
Leafiets opposite :—
Stamens monadelphous, the vexillary filament united
in the middle tothe staminal sheath; pod thickly
coriaceous or woody; (calyx truncate) :—
Pod wingless ... “ih wk .» 27. PONGAMIA.
Pod winged ... eee eos ... 28. DERRIS.
Stamens quite diadelphous, 9+ 1 :—
Pod winged ; calyx truncate ove --. 28. DERRIS
. § AGANOPE.
Pod wingless ; calyx toothed ove ... 29, KUNSTLERIA,
Leaflets distinctly alternate :—
Flowers small, pods narrow ase «. 30. DALBERGIA,
Flowers large, pods suborbicular ove ... 31, PTEROCARPUS,
Leaves even-pinnate, the rachis ending in a bristle, herbs
with hypogeal fruits... eae . 32, ARACHIS,
Pod of several (rarely 1) indehiscent 1-seeded segments (in
Desmodium § Nicholsonia dehiscing along the lower suture)
(HEepYsarEe& except Arachis) —
Leaves exstipellate :-—
Stamens monadelphous, anthers dimorphous; leaves
digitately 2—4-foliolate ; (joints of pod muricated) ... 33. ZoRNIA.
Stamens diadelphous in 2 bundles of 5 each ; anthers
uniform ; leaves pinnate (Aeschynomenex) ; (joints of
pod papillose or weakly muricated, rarely smooth) :—
Leaves even-pinnate, end-leaflet replaced by a
bristle; pod folded together within the calyx ... 34. SMITHIA,
Leaves odd-pinnate ; pod straight exserted :-—
Calyx 5-toothed; ovary sessile, ovules few, joints
of pod oblong eee eee . 35, ORMOCARPUM,
* None of the simple-leaved or subdigitately-leaved species of Indigofera are
reported from the Malay Peninsula.
a. 11, 5
34 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Calyx deeply 2-lipped; ovary stalked, ovules
many ; joints of pod suborbicular or quadrate... 86. AESCHYNOMENE.
Leaves stipellate ; (stamens 9+1, anthers uniform) :—
Ovary l-ovuled ; (leaves pinnately 3-foliolate) .,. 37. Puytacrum.
Ovary 2- or more-ovuled :—
Pod folded together within the calyx :—
Calyx-teeth setaceous, not accrescent +. 38, URARIA.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, accrescent ... ... 39, LOUREA,
Pod straight exserted :—
Joints of pod coriaceous about as thick as they
are broad and long ire aie .. 40. ALYSICARPUS,
Joints of pod thin, or if coriaceous (§ Dendrolo-
biwm) much broader than thick, and if as thick as
broad (§ Scorpiwruws) much longer than broad;
opening along lower suture in § Nicholsonia and
in § Pleurolobium mer oie ... 41, DEsMODIUM,
Stamens free :—
Stigma terminal, pod long moniliform ae «. 42. SOPHORA.
Stigma oblique, pod short turgid ... na ... 43. ORMOSIA.
1. Asrus Linn.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves with numerous deciduous leaflets. Flowers
small, in dense racemes on axillary peduncles or short branches. Calya
campanulate, equal; teeth very short. Corolla much exserted ; standard
ovate, acute, adhering below to the staminal tube; wings narrow; keel
arcuate. Stamens 9, united in a tube slit above, the tenth absent;
anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled; style short, incurved,
beardless, stigma capitate.. Pod oblong or linear-oblong, flat or turgid,
moderately firm, thinly septate. Species 5; cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Pod oblong turgid 38-5-seeded_ sin .. IL. A. precatorius,
Pod linear flat incurved 8-12-seeded ove .. 2 A. pulchellus.
1. Asrus pRecatorius Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. XII, 472. A copiously
branched climber with thin stems and slender glabrous or thinly silky
branches. Leaves 2-3 in. long; leaflets equally pinnate m 10-20
opposite pairs membranous glabrous above thinly silky beneath, green
deciduous, ligulate-oblong ‘35-65 in. long, ‘15-2 in. wide. Racemes
many-flowered, crowded, usually shorter than the leaves, rachis usually
distinctly thickened in fruit. Calyx ‘lin. thinly silky. Corolla ‘5 in.
pink, or white with pink tinge. Pod oblong, turgid, 1-1°5 in. long,
-4—"5 in. wide, valves rugose thickened, 3-5-seeded. Seeds various,
usually bright scarlet with black hilum in wild specimens; sometimes
white with black hilum, uniformly white, or uniformly black in culti-
vated forms. DOC. Prodr. II, 381; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 258; Wall.
Cat., 5818; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 158; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
175. A. minor Desy, Ann. Sc. Nat. IX, 418. A. pauciflorus Desv. Ann.
Sc. Nat. 1X, 418.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. © 35
ANDAMANS; very common from the Coco Group to Little Andaman ;
Barren Island. Nicopars; common. Prnane; Wallich! Curtis! Pane-
KORE; Scortechint! Panane; Ridley! Distr. Cosmopolitan in the
tropics.
2. ABRUS PULCHELLUS Wall. Cat. 5819. A copiously branched
climber with thin stems and slender glabrous or thinly silky branches.
Teaves 3-4 in. long; leaflets equally pinnate in 12-16 opposite pairs,
membranous glabrous above thinly silky beneath, green deciduous,
ligulate oblong °75-1'25 in. long, °25-"35 in. wide. Racemes many-
flowered, usually lax always long-peduncled, equalling or exceeding the
leaves; rachis little thickened in fruit. Calyx -1 in. thinly silky.
Corolla *5 in. pink, or pale blue. Pod linear flat incurved 2-2°5 in. long,
‘5 in. wide, valves smooth thin, 8-12 seeded. Thwaites, Enum. :PI.
Zeyl. 91; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 175. A. levigatus EH. Mey,
Comm. I, 126; Harv. Fl. Cap. II, 263. A. melanospermus Hassk. Cat.
Bog. 282; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 159. A. acutifolius Blume MSS. ex
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 160.
Anpamans; Coco Group, Prain! Port Blair, common. Perak ;
Kunstler 1023! Scortechint 680! Disrris. S. Africa and S.-E. Asia.
2. CroTaLaRiA Linn.
Herbs or shrubs with simple or digitately 3-foliolate rarely 5-7-
foliolate leaves. Flowers often large and showy in terminal or leaf-
opposed racemes. Oalyx with short tube, and with lanceolate or linear
teeth free or somewhat connate in two lips. -Corolla equalling or exceed-
ing the calyx ; standard rounded or ovate short-clawed; wings obovate
or oblong shorter than-standard ; keel as long as wings, its petals united,
much incurved and beaked. Stamens monadelphous in a sheath split
dorsally, anthers dimorphous, alternately on short filaments versatile and
on longer basifixed. Ovary sessile or, rarely, stipitate linear usually
many-ovuled ; style long, abruptly incurved at the base, bearded above,
stigma oblique small. Pod sessile or, rarely, supported on a gynophore
oblong or linear, straight, turgid or inflated, continuous within, 2-o -
seeded. Species about 250, widespread in tropical and sub-tropical
regions.
Leaves simple :—
Stipules decurrent as a persistent wing to the stem we LC, alata.
Stipules, if present, not decurrent.:—
Pods not longer than the calyx :—
Flowers in elongated racemes, petals blue; stipules
minute aa ae A? we 2. C. sessilifiora
Flowers in short few-fid. heads, petals pale yellow ;
stipules 0 wae eas ais ove Sen CO, chinensis,
36 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1
Pods much longer than the calyx :—
Pods glabrous, flowers yellow :—
Stems diffuse, racemes lateral ove .. 4 OC. ferruginea.
Stems erect, racemes terminal :—
Branches stout striated, glabrous or nearly s0;
leaves stipellate :—
Leaves obtuse or retuse, bracts and stipules
small subulate ‘ye . 5. C. retusa.
Leaves acute, bracts and Geneve lanes deine
and leafy ... a 6. €. sericea.
Branches slender terete, densely silky ; eaves
exstipellate ... 7. C. albida.
Pods hirsute, flowers nada blue, racemes intpieid
as well as terminal Bai sf -. 8 C. verrucosa.
Leaves compound :—
Leaves 3-foliolate :-—
Pods small, obliquely subglobose, very few-seeded
(hirsute) ae ee - 9 @. uncinella.
Pods large, cylindric, many- Sondetl —
Pods hirsute (narrowly cylindric almost sessile) ... 10. C. incana.
Pods glabrous :—
Pods narrowly cylindric, almost sessile . Ll. €. Saltiana.
Pods oblong, supported ona long gynophore... 12. (@. laburmenanele
Leaves usually 5-foliolate (at times 3-, 4-, or even 6-7-
foliolate ... ke pe one . 18. C. quinquefolia.
1. CROTALARIA ALATA Ham. in Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98. A suberect
undershrub 1-2 feet high; stem and leaves below clothed with short
silky pubescence. Leaves 1-3 in. long, simple, oblong-ovate or obovate,
subacute or obtuse, membranous, the stipules with lanceolate-dentate
points forming decurrent wings on the stem for nearly the whole length
of the nodes. acemes 2-3-fld., on elongated often leafy lateral pe-
duncles ; bracts small, persistent, ovate, acuminate, Calys densely silky,
‘35 in. long, tube campanulate, bracteolate. Corolla pale-yellow hardly
exserted. Pod distinctly stalked 1:25-1:75 m. long, linear-oblong,
glabrous, 30-40-seeded. Don, Prodr, 241; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 274;
DC. Prodr. II 124; Wall. Cat. 5356; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. IT,
478; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 329; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 69. @.
sagitticaulis Wall. Cat. 53857. C. bealata Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 274,
Singapore; Changi, Hullett! Ridley! Distri. Himalaya; Indo-
China; Malay Islands.
2. CROTALARIA SESSILIFLORA Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1004. A rigid
erect annual 1-2 feet high, simple or sparingly fastigiately branched,
stem and leaves below shortly silky. Leaves 2-6 in. long, simple linear
or lanceolate narrowed to both ends thickly herbaceous, quite glabrous
above, the stipules setaceous very small. Racemes 1-8 in. long, 5-20-
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 37
fid., terminal; flowers deflexed close-set (occasionally solitary flowers
occur also in the axils of the uppermost stem-leaves) ; bracts long, seta-
ceous, persistent. Calyx densely silky with very long hairs, ‘35-5 in.
long, tube shortly campanulate, teeth all long acute, the upper lanceolate,
narrow. Oorolla blue and white, rarely yellow, glabrous, not exserted.
Pod sessile ‘5 in. long, not exserted, oblong, glabrous, 10-15-seeded.
DC. Prodr. II, 129; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. II, 565; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 338; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 73. C. anthylloides Lamk.
Encye. Meth. II, 195; Don, Prodr. 241; Wall. Cat. 5366 A (partly), B,
C. OC. salicifolia Ham.in Don, Prodr. 241 not of Heyne. G. nepal-
ensis Link, Enum. II, 228. C. venusta Wall. Cat. 5365. C. brevipes
Champ. in Hook. Kew Journ. IV, 44. ©. eriantha Sieb. & Zucc. Fl.
Jap: 13. ©. Oldhami Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. III, 42. C. calycina
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV, pt. 2, 147 not of Schrank.
Mataya Pentnsuta; Pahang, Ridley! Nicopars; Kamorta, Kurz!
Distris. Japan, China, Indo-China, Philippines, Java; Himalayas from
Assam westward ; Panjab, Central India and Behar.
The specimens collected by Mr. Kurz in Kamorta having yellow flowers were
referred by him to C.calycina. An examination however shows that they are not
calycina but sessiliflora. A gathering from Java has been issued from Mus. Leyden,
also under the name C. calycina; this probably indicates that in Java as in the
Nicobars, C. sessiliflora may have yellow flowers.
3. CROTALARIA CHINENSIS Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1008. An annual
4-2 feet high, usually breaking into several stoutish ascending branches
from near the base, laxly silky with reddish brown hairs. Leaves
1-2 in. long, simple, linear to oblanceolate with rounded base and
obtuse or subacute apex, thickly herbaceous laxly silky on both surfaces ;
stipules 0. acemes densely capitate 3-6-fld., all terminal, bracts and
bracteoles linear, persistent. Calyx laxly silky, *35-'5 in. long, tube very
short, teeth all long acute, the upper lanceolate, lower linear. Corolla
pale-yellow, glabrous, not exserted. Pod sessile ‘5 in. long, not exserted,
oblong, glabrous, 15-20-seeded. DC. Prodr. Il, 130; Benth. in Hook.
Lond. Journ. II, 566; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 339; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 73. ! |
Perak; Larut river; on rocks in the stream, Wray! Disrrip. China,
Indo-China, Philippiues ; India; Malay Islands. |
4, CROTALARIA FERRUGINEA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5398. <A diffuse
copiously branching herb with a perennial rootstock, finely silky or
shaggy, branches 1°5-2 feet long. Leaves very short petioled, herba-
ceous 15-2 in. long, ‘5-75 in. across, simple, ovate-oblong obtuse paler
beneath; stipules persistent foliaceous deflexed or spreading, ‘25 in.
long; petioles ‘15 in. long. Racemes laxly 2-8-fld. leaf-opposed, 2-4 in.
long, bracts linear ‘2 in. long often deflexed, pedicels very short. Calyx
38 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
laxly silky with rusty hairs, ‘5 in. long, tube very short, upper teeth
lanceolate lower linear. Corolla yellow not exserted. Pod shortly
stalked 1-1°25 in. long glabrous 20-30-seeded. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. II, 476; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 68. C. canescens Wall. Cat.
5415. (C. crassifolia Ham. in Wall. Cat, 5416. C. letoloba Bartl. Ind.
Sem. Hort. Goett. 1837; Linnea XII, Litt. 80. C. pilosissima Migq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 327.
PaHana; Katepong Pekan, Ridley! Disrris. India, Indo-China,
China; Malay Archipelago.
' Mr. Ridley has kindly sent the writer for inspection, from the Singapore
Herbarium, the only specimen of this species hitherto collected in the Malay Penin-
sula. The plant is, however, quite common in Sumatra and Java and may yet be
found elsewhere in the Peninsula. ;
5. CROTALARIA ReTUSA Linn, Sp. Pl. 715. An erect robust under-
shrub 3-4 feet high, with stout striated glabrous branches. Leaves
1:5-3 in. long, simple, short-petioled, thickly herbaceous, glabrous above
puberulous beneath, oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse or oftener retuse, rare-
ly subacute at apex, cuneate at base, stipules subulate very small.
Racemes terminal elongated 6-8 in. long laxly 12-20-fid., bracts and
bracteoles subulate, pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx almost glabrous,
*35-"5 in., tube short campanulate, half the length of the lanceolate
teeth. Corolla ‘8 in. long, much exserted, yellow with purple tinge.
Pod glabrous linear-oblong, 1-1'5 in., distinctly stalked, 15-20-seeded.
DC. Prodr. II, 125; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 272; Bot. Reg. t. 253; Bot.
Mag. t. 2561; Wall. Cat. 5405; W. & A. Prodr, 187; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 330; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 75. Lupinus cochinchinensis
Lour. Flor. Cochinch. 429; DC. Prodr. II, 410. Tandale-cotti Rheede,
Hort. Malab. IX, t. 25. .
Maxay Peninsuta; Malacca, Maingay! Hervey! Pahang, Ridley !
Anpamans; Port Blair, very common; having been introduced as a
plant of native gardens, it has now run wild throughout the settlement.
—Distris. General in the tropics.
6. CROTALARIA SERICEA Retz, Obs. V, 26. A robust undershrub
3-4 feet high with stout striated almost glabrous branches. Leaves 2-6
in. long, simple, short petioled, thickly herbaceous, glabrous above,
finely silky beneath, oblong-oblanceolate acute or subacute at apex,
cuneate at base; stipules large leafy persistent. Itacemes terminal
elongated 10-12 in. long, laxly 20-50-fld., bracts ovate leafy persistent,
pedicels longer than calyx. Calyw almost glabrous ‘5 in. long, tube
short campanulate half the length of the lanceolate teeth. Corolla °8 in.
long, much exserted, yellow with purple tinge. Pod glabrous linear-
oblong 1-2 in. long, distinctly stalked 20-30-seeded. DC. Prodr, I,
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 39
126; Roxb, Fl. Ind. III, 273; Wall. Cat. 5406; W. & A. Prodr. 186;
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 330; Bak, in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 75. C. spectabilis
Roth, Nov. Sp. 341; DC. Prodr. II, 125. ©. macrophylla Weinm. Syll.
II, 26. C. cunetfolia Schrank, Syll. IT, 78.
Matay Peninsuta; Malacca, Griffith. Anpamans; Table Island,
Prain! Drtstris. India and Indo-China.
| Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished, even in those cases where the
foliage is similar, by the large stipules and bracts,
7. CROTALARIA ALBIDA Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Sp. Pl. 333. An
undershurb 1-2 feet high with numerous firm slender terete obscurely
silky branches. Leaves simple linear or oblanceolate obtuse firm shin-
ing gland-dotted glabrescent above, thinly silky beneath, 1-2 in. long
2-25 in. wide, petiole ‘1 in., stipules 0. Flowers in terminal, or rarely
lateral, laxly 6-20-fld. racemes, 2-4 in. long; bracts linear -05-"1 in.
long ; pedicels -15—2 in. long slender adpressed-puberulous. Calyz
turbinate °25 in. long, in fruit 35 in. long, thinly silky ; teeth long the
3 lower linear acuminate, the 2 upper broader often subobtuse. Corolla
pale yellow glabrous 3 in. long. Pod glabrous sessile, oblong-cylindric
‘S—6 in. long, half as long again to twice as long as calyx ; seeds 6-12.
W.&A. Prodr. 189; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind, Il. 71. (C. montana Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. III, 265; W. & A. Prodr. 182. O. scoparia
Wall. Cat. 5418. C. parva Grah. in Wall. Cat..5402. C. punctata Grah,
in Wall. Cat. 5401 A, 5401 C. OC. tennis Wall. Cat. 5403.
SELANGOR ; roadsides at Kwala, Ridley 7293! Distrizs. Throughout
South Eastern Asia.
A species perhaps only recently introduced to the Malay Peninsula from India ;
in India and Indo-China the plant is very common in grassy places.
8. CROTALARIA verRucOSA Linn. Sp. Pl. 715. A woody herb 2-3
feet high with many angular branches puberulous at first but soon
glabrescent. Leaves 2-6 in. long, simple short petioled, thin, obscurely
downy beneath, ovate, obtuse or occasionally acute at apex, deltoid at
base; stipules moderately large leafy semilunate. Racemes terminal and
lateral, about 6 in. long, rather closely 12-20-fid., bracts linear minute,
pedicels about as long as calyx. Calyx ‘3 in. long, obscurely downy,
tube short campanulate, half the length of lanceolate teeth. Corolla ‘75
in. long, exserted, usually white and blue, often white, occasionally
yellow. Pods faintly hirsute, oblong, 1-1'5 in. long, distinctly stalked,
10-15-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 125; Bot, Mag. t. 3034; Wall. Cat. 5392;
W.& A. Prodr. 187; Wight Ic. t. 200; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 331
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 77. @. angulosa Lamk. Encye. Meth. II,
197; Roxb. Flor. Ind, III, 273. ©. cerulea Jacq. Ic. t. 144. OC.
acuminata G. Don., Dict. II, 134.— Rheede, Hort. Malab. IX, t. 29.
40 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Matay Peninsuta; Perak, Scortechini! Malacca, Griffith. Pahang,
Ridley !
9, CROTALARIA UNCINELLA Lamk. Encyc. Meth. II, 200. An almost
stemless undershrub with several subprocumbent slender flexuous
spreading branches 1-2 feet long, slightly puberulous. Leaves com-
pound 3-foliolate, petioles 1 in. long, leaflets subequal or the terminal
slightly the larger, 1-1*o in. long, ‘5-'75 in. wide, glabrous above slightly
hirsute beneath, elliptic obtuse entire; stipules small, acute, rigid, re-
curved, glabrous above hirsute beneath. acemes lateral and terminal 2
in. long, 20-25-fid.; flowers close-set, bracts small recurved ovate acu-
minate. Calyx hirsute ‘15 in. long, teeth lanceolate. Corolla +25 in.
long, exserted, yellow, glabrous. Pod obliquely subglobose, closely
adpressed-pubescent, 2-seeded ; style sharply hooked. Lamk. III. t. 617,
f. 2. ©. elliptica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. IIT, 279; Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 344; Benth. in Hook, Lond. Journ. II, 580; Flor. Hongk.
75; Forbes & Hemsl. Ind. Sinens., 1,151. ©. Vachellii H. & A. Bot.
Beech. Voy. 180; Walp. Rep, I, 588. Rhynchosia aurea Ridl. Trans.
Linn. Soc., Ser. II, III, 293 not of DC.
Matay PeninsutaA; Pahang, Ridley! Malacca, Derry ! Goodenough !
Distris. China.
First described by Lamarck from specimens received by him from Mauritius;
probably the plant had been there introduced; at all events Mr. Baker does not.
cite it, even as a stranger, in his Flora of Mauritius. Afterwards described, inde-
pendently, by Roxburgh, from specimens reared in the Calcutta garden, and therefore,
though issued by Wallich, deliberately excluded from the Indian Flora by Wight
and Arnott, who have been in this followed by Baker in the Flora of British India.
Its discovery in Pahang by Mr. Ridley, in whose list it ‘stands as Rhynchosia aurea,
and in Malacca where it is apparently quite common, shows that after all it deserves
to be included in the Indian Flora.
10. Croranaria tncana Linn. Sp. Pl. 716. An erect undershrub
2-4 feet high with robust terete loosely downy branches. Leaves com-
pound 3-foliolate petioles 2-3 in. long, leaflets membranous, quickly
glabrescent above sparsely hirsute beneath terminal 1‘5-2 in. long, larger
than lateral all ovate, obtuse at apex and rounded or widely cuneate
at base; stipules minute setaceous. acemes terminal and lateral 6-10
in. long, rather closely 12-20-fld., bracts minute. Calyx ‘25 in. long,
loosely downy, teeth lanceolate twice as long as the tube. Corolla ‘6 in.
long, exserted, yellow, glabrous. Pod subsessile slightly deflexed and
slightly recurved, cylindric 1-]‘25 in. long, permanently pubescent with
spreading brown silky hairs; 20-30-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 132; Bot.
Reg. t. 377; Mig. Fior. Ind. Bat. I, 347; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 83.
C. Schimpert A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. I, 151. C. herbacea Schweig. in
Schrank, Syllog. Ratisb. II, 77.
v
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 41
Pevane; Curtis! Distrrp. Cosmopolitan in the tropics, originally
American.
There is one specimen of this in Mr. Curtis’ own Herbarium. No other collector
has sent it from Malaya.
11. Croranarra Santana Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 648. An erect shrub
2-4 feet high with robust smooth or slightly sulcate thinly silky
branches. Leaves compound, 38-foliolate, petioles 2-3 in. long, leaflets
membranous, glabrous above very sparingly silky below, terminal 1:5-
25 in. long, larger than lateral, all obtuse cuneate at base ; stipules
minute, deciduous. Racemes terminal and occasionally also lateral,
usually 1-1:25 feet long, laxly 20-50-fld.; bracts minute. Calyx 25 in.
long, thinly silky ; teeth lanceolate as long as campanulate tube. Corolla
‘6 in. long, exserted, yellow with purple stripes or pure yellow, glabrous.
Pod subsessile deflexed, subrecurved puberulous when young, ultimately
glabrous, cylindric, 1°5 in. long, 20-30-seeded. » C. striata DC. Prodr. II,
131; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I. 346; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I, 84
(excluding the synonyms C. Brownei Bertero and O. latifolia Roxb.)
Matay Peninsuta; Perak, Wray! Scortechini! Penang, King!
Malacca, Maingay ! Singapore, Kunstler! Pahang, Ridley.
Nearly related to, and at times mistaken for C. Brownet Bertero ex DC. in
Prodr. II, 130 (C. lanceolata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54 [nomen prius] nec Meyer;
C. latifolia Roxb. ex Wall. MSS. in Hort. Calcutta) a native ofthe West Indies, but
now occasionally met with as a spontaneous species in India. From C. Saltiana,
C. Brownei differs in having more numerous lateral racemes, with flowers always
close-set and racemes never exceeding 6 in., and in having much larger leaflets
acute at apex as well as base and more densely silky underneath. The leaves of
C. Saltiana are like those of the next species; of C. Brownei like those of C. bracteata
and of Priotropis cytisoides for both of which species it has, at times, been mistaken.
12. CROTALARIA LABURNIFOLIA Linn. Sp. Pl. 715. An erect shrub
2-4 feet high with long slender rounded glabrous branches. Leaves
compound, 3-foliolate, petioles 2-3 in. long, leaflets membranous, gla-
brous on both surfaces, terminal 1-2 in. long, hardly larger than lateral,
all subacute or obtuse, cuneate at the base; stipules 0. Racemes ter-
minal and lateral 6-12 in. long, few- and very lax-fid.; bracts minute
deciduous, pedicels ‘5 in. long. Calyx ‘3-4 in. long, glabrous turbinate,
teeth lanceolate as long as tube. Corolla 1 in. long, much exserted,
pure yellow, glabrous, keel much incurved. Pod pendulous from a fili-
form gynophore ‘75-1 in. long, glabrous, cylindric 1°5-2 in. long, 20-30-
seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 130; Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 275; Wall. Cat.
5424, mostly; W.& A. Prodr. I, 193; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 345;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 84. .C. pendula Bert. in DC. Prodr. II,
130. ©. pedunculosa Desv. Journ. Bot. III, 76; DC. Prodr. II, 132.
Clavulium pedunculosum Desy. Ann. Sc. Nat. IX, 407, Nellia-tandale-
cotti Rheede, Hort. Malabar. LX, t. 27,
J. u, 6
42 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Maray Peniysota; Malacca, Grifith! Maingay! Hervey! Distrte.
India ; Malay Archipelago; Philippines.
13. CROTALARIA QUINQUBFOLIA Linn. Sp. Pl. 716. An erect annual
2-4 feet high with straight robust sulcate fastigiate sparingly silky
branches. Leaves digitate normally 5-foliolate, at times 3-, 4-, or
even 6-7-foliolate, petioles 1-3 in. long, leaflets herbaceous, glabrous
above, thinly silky beneath, central largest 2-4 in. long, all linear or
occasionally narrowly oblanceolate obtuse; stipules linear. Racemes
terminal, 6-8 in. long, laxly 8-20-fld.; bracts linear as long as pedicels,
thinly silky, persistent ; lower pedicels as long as calyx, upper short. '
Calyx subglabrous ‘5 in. long ; teeth lanceolate as long as campanulate
tube. Corolla 1 in. long, glabrous, yellow, white or rarely purplish.
Pod distinctly stalked subinflated, glabrous, 1°5-2 in. long, -75 in. wide,
30-40-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 135; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 279; Wall.
Cat. 5429; W.& A. Prodr. I, 194; Wight Ill, t. 16; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 3847; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 84. C. heterophylla Linn. f.
Suppl. 323; DC. Prodr. II, 131.
Matay PeninsuLa; Kedah, Kunstler! Singapore, Hullett! Disrrrs.
India; Indo-China; Malay Archipelago; Philippines.
3. FuLeminera Roxb.
Shrubs, rarely herbs, with leaves digitately 3-foliolate or simple,
gland-dotted below. Inflorescence various; pedicels very short, not
bracteolate. Calyx-tube short; teeth narrow, acuminate, the lowest
often the longest. Corolla little or not at all exserted ; petals equal
in length; keel obtuse or slightly rostrate. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled ; style filiform, beardless,
stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, small, usually two-seeded; seeds
not strophiolate, the funicle centrical. Species about 25; 3 Tropical
African, the remainder Asiatic.
Leaves 1-foliolate ; flowers in small eymes hidden by large
folded persistent bracts and arranged in racemes longer than
the leaves... ade a oa .. LL. F. strobilifera.
Leaves 3-foliolate; flowers in simple solitary or fascicled
axillary racemes shorter than the petioles, bracts small deci-
duous ois i ead eat . 2. J. Congesta.
§ Ostryopium Desv. Shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers in small
cymes, each hidden by a large folded persistent bract, closely distichously
arranged in copious simple or slightly branched racemes, both in the
axils of the leaves and above them.
1. FLeMINGIA STROBILIFERA R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. II, IV,
350. An erect shrub 5-10 feet high with slender terete branches vel-
vety towards their tips. Leaves 4 in. long, petioles *5 in. long, adpressed
1897.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 48
puberulous ; leaflets 1, subcoriaceous green glabrescent above thinly
silky on the nerves beneath, ovate-acute, base widely rounded or truncate
3°5 in. long, 2 in. wide, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs; stipels obsolete,
stipules scarious lanceolate ‘3 in. long. Inflorescence in terminal racemes
or thyrses 3-6 in. long, the slender zigzag rachis rusty-pubescent ;
bracts erecto-patent, short-petioled, deeply cordate 1 in. long, 1:25 in,
wide, membranous, apex shortly cuspidate in all except the very upper-
most. Calyx ‘25 in, finely pilose; teeth lanceolate, exceeding the tube.
Corolla yellowish or greenish-white ‘35 in. long. Pod oblong turgid ‘35
in. long, finely downy ; 2-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 851; Wall. Cat. 5758 ;
W. & A. Prodr. 243; Wight Ic. t. 267; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 161;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 227 (excluding both varieties). F. abrupta
Wall. Cat. 5755. Hedysarum strobiliferum Linn. Sp. Pl. 746; Roxb.
Flor. Ind. UI, 350. Zornia strobilifera Per. Synops. II, 319.
In all the provinces, common. Distris. Throughout S.-H. Asia.
§ 2. Fremmeiastaum DC. Erect shrubs. Leaves digitately 3-folio-
late. Flowers in dense subspicate axillary racemes ; bracts linear or
lanceolate, caducous.
2, Freminera concesta Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56. An erect woody
shrub 4-6 feet high with slender triangular sulcate branches silky to-
wards their tips. Leaves 6-9 in. long, petioles 2°5-3:5 in. long, adpressed
puberulous margins angled but hardly winged ; leaflets 3, subcoriaceous,
ovate-acute, terminal cuneate lateral obliquely round at base, green,
puberulous above thinly rusty silky especially on the nerves beneath, 3-5
in. long, 1°5-3 in, wide, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs, the lowest pair long,
very oblique, arising at junction of midrib and petiolule, stipels obsolete,
petiolules °25 in. long, stipules scarious externally velvety, early cadu-
cous ‘4in. long. Inflorescence in dense axillary racemes sometimes solli-
tary in the higher, usually fasciculate in the lower axils, 2 in. long,
always shorter than petioles; bracts lanceolate ‘25 in. long or less,
silky externally less rigid than the stipules and like them deciduous.
Calyx °35 in. long, densely silky externally, teeth linear-lanceolate the
lowest exceeding the others. Corolla wings purple standard white
striped with pink ‘4 in. long. Pod oblong ‘5 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, closely
shortly tomentose; seeds 2. Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 340; DC. Prodr, i,
301; W.& A. Prodr. 241; Wight, Ic. t. 390; Wall. Cat. 5747; Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 164; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 288, excluding all the
varieties. Crotalaria macrophylla Willd. Sp. Pl. ILI, 982. Rhynchosia
crotalarioides DC Prodr. II, 387. .
PenancG; Wallich 5747 F! Pulo Beeting, Curtis 1926! Matacca ;
Griffith! PaneKorE, Goodenough! Prax; Larut, Scortechini 134!
Kampong Kota, Wray 3316! Disrris. India, Indo-China, Java.
All the specimens quoted belong to Roxburgh’s true Flemingia congesta.
44. G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
4. Eriosema DC.
Shrubs or herbs, mostly suberect, with 1-3-foliolate leaves. Flowers
racemed or axillary. Calyx campanulate ; teeth 5, as long as the tube.
Corolla distinctly exserted; limb of standard roundish, auricled at the
base; wings and slightly beaked keel shorter. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, 2-ovuled; style filiform, glabrous,
stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid, 1—2-seeded; seeds oblique, the ~
funiculus attached to the extremity of a linear hilum. Species about
50, mostly Trop. African and American.
ERIOSEMA CHINENSE Vogel. Pl. Meyen. 31. An erect undershrub
1-1°5 feet high, stems slender branching virgately usually near base,
densely pubescent one or more from a small tuberous woody rootstock
1°5 in. long, *75 in. across. Leaves 1-2 in. long, ‘3-"4 in. across, 1-folio-
late very short petioled, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, subcoriaceous,
greenish with a few adpressed hairs above densely grey-tomentose
beneath, the veins rusty brown tomentose; stipules linear scarious
2-nerved persistent ‘2 in. long, stipels minute. Flowers in axils of upper
leaves, solitary or geminate subsessile or on a common pedicel, some-
times ‘5 in. long jointed below flower, bracteoles obsolete. Calyx cam-
panulate densely pilose ‘2 in. long. Corolla yellow, drying black, °4 in.
long, standard orbicular hairy externally. Pod oblong ‘4 in. long,
pubescent with long spreading rufous hairs. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 219. Crotalaria tuberosa Ham. in Don. Prodr. 241. Rhynchosia
virgata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5503. BR. Grahami Wall. Cat. 5504.
Pyrrotricha tuberosa W. & A. Prodr. 238.
Perak; Wray n. 3804! Manacoa; Grafith. Distris. §.-E. Asia ;
N. Australia.
5. Dunparta W. & A.
Woody or herbaceous climbers. Leaves 3-foliolate, distinctly gland-
dotted beneath; stipelle rarely present. lowers racemose or axillary.
Calyx teeth narrow the lowest distinctly exceeding the others. Corolla
exserted, marcescent or caducous; keel usually not beaked. Stamens
diadelphous anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ;
style inflexed filiform beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flat not
marked with depressed lines between the substrophiolate seeds. Species
about 12, Eastern Asiatic, Japanese and North Australian ; only one
from our area.
§ Ruyncotosium. Corolla caducous.
Dunparia Scortzcoint Prain. A slender creeper 10-20 feet long»
with rigid subsuleate grey canescent stem and branches. Leaves 4-6
in. long, 3-foliolate; leaflets subtrapezoid, cuspidate acuminate at apex
narrowed from below the middle to a rounded base, the lateral pair
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 45
obliquely ; blueish-green faintly puberulous above, densely grey-canescent
beneath 2-2°5 in. long, 1'75-2 in. wide; petiole 1°5—4 in. long, puberu-
lous ; petiolules ‘15 in. long, puberulous; stipels very minute cadu-
cous, stipules lanceolate 1 in. long caducous. Racemes 2-3 in. long
on peduncles 4-6 in. long, overtopping the leaves; pedicels geminate
‘2 in. long. Oualyx grey-pubescent with reddish. streaks, 3 in. long,
tube wide campanulate, lower tooth lanceolate as long as tube and
twice as long as lateral deltoid and connate upper pair. Corolla °5 in.
long, externally dark brown, within pale yellow; keel beaked, standard
6 in. wide, orbicular entire. Pod 2°5 in. long, -°25 in. wide, linear,
pedicel abruptly recurved, closely grey-canescent; 6-8 seeded.
PmERAK; in open grassy or bamboo jungles, at Dijong, Scortechint,
1841! Kunstler, 908! Ulu Bubong, Kunstler, 10852!
A species with somewhat the appearance of Rhynchosia bracteata but with
much more slender stems. It also resembles, but to a less degree, Atylosia mollis
Its pods, however, have no depressions between the seeds and this renders it neces-
sary to refer the plant to Dunbaria.
6. Arytosra W. & A.
Herbs or shrubs, erect or twining, Leaves 3-foliolate, sometimes
subdigitate often exstipellate, gland-dotted beneath. Flowers axillary
or racemed. Oualyx teeth distinct, longer or shorter than the tube the
lowest the longest. Corolla more or less exserted, marcescent or cadu-
cous; keel notbeaked. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary
sessile; ovules 3 or more; style filiform incurved glabrous, stigma
capitate. Pod linear or oblong, turgid, marked with horizontal or oblique
transverse lines between the seeds which have a conspicuous divided
strophiole. Species about 25; from India to Australia and Mauritius.
Petals marcescent, leaflets large pinnately trifoliolate ... 1. A. crassa.
Petals deciduous, leaflets small subdigitate ... .. 2 A. scarabzxoides.
§ Arytia. Petals marcescent, remaining till the pod developes.
1, Arynosia cRASSA Prain. A twining species with firm slender
striate shortly-tomentose stems and branches. Leaves 3-6 in. long,
pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets subtrapezoid cuspidate-acuminate at apex
narrow from beyond the middle to a rounded base, the lateral pair
obliquely, dark green and rather densely puberulous especially on the
nerves above, densely greenish-brown pubescent and reticulately veined
beneath, 2-3 in. long, 1°75-2'25 in. wide; petiole 1°5-2°5 in. long, pubes-
cent; petiolules ‘15 in. stipels subulate *-1 im. long, pubescent, sub-
persistent, stipules minute caducous. Racemes 2-3 in. long, lax short-
peduncled, pedicels geminate ‘3-5 in. long; bracteoles large roundish
acute reddish °6 in. long, forming a conspicuous tuft before the racemes
expand, Calyx ‘4 in. finely grey-downy lowest tooth lanceolate as long
46 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
as the narrowly campanulate tube. Corolla yellow, ‘75 in. long. Pod
1-1'25 in. long, °6 in. wide, straight, rounded at both ends closely
greenish-brown viscidly puberulous, 3-5-seeded, obliquely transversely
depressed between the smallish seeds of which the longer diameter is
parallel to the direction of the pod. Dolichos reticulatus Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 5552 not of Ait. D. crassus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5553. Dunbaria
Horsfieldit Miq. in Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 179. Atylosta mollis Benth. in PI.
Jungh. 243 (excluding syn. Collzea mollis Grah.); Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 213 (excl. syn. Collxa mollis Grah., Atylosia glandulosa Dalz.,
and Cajanus glandulosus Dalz. & Gibs. )
ANDAMANS; very common. Disrris. India, Indo-China, Malay
Archipelago.
The prior name for this species is Dolichos reticulatus Ham. but the name
Atylosia reticulata may not be employed for it owing to there being another A.
reticulata from Australia based on the Dolichos reticulatus Ait. of the Hortus
Kewensis which was known before our plant. The nearest ally of this species is the
purely Himalayan and quite distinct A. mollis Bth. (Collza mollis Grah.)
§ CanTHarospeRMUM. Petals falling before the pod developes.
2. ATYLOSIA SCARABHOIDES Benth. Pl. Jungh. 248. A slender
biennial herbaceous twiner with densely grey-downy stems and branches.
Leaves 1°5-2 in. long, subdigitately 3-foliolate; leaflets obovate-oblong
subcoriaceous flexible 1-15 in. long, ‘5-75 in. wide, obtuse or subacute
thinly grey-canescent above, densely pubescent, 3-nerved in lower two-
thirds and faintly reticulate-veined beneath; petiole ‘5 in. long, brown-
ish pubescent; stipels 0, stipules minute caducous. Racemes 2-6-fid., on
densely pubescent axillary peduncles ‘3—‘4 in. long; pedicels ‘25 in. long
also pubescent. Calyx 25 in., densely brownish-grey silky, teeth linear,
the lowest twice as long as tube. Corolla ‘4 in, long, keel abruptly
incurved at tip. Pod straight ‘75-1 in. long, °25 in. wide, clothed with
fine spreading brown silky hairs, with slightly oblique transverse de-
pressed lines between the 4-5-seeds. Migq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 173; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. I, 215. Dolichos scarabseoides Linn. Sp. Pl. 726.
Cajanus scarabeeoides Thouars ex Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5580. Rhynchosia
scarabxoides DC. Prodr. II, 387. R. biflora DC. Prodr. II. 387. Cantharos-
permum pauciflorum W. & A. Prodr. 255.
Mauacca; Griffith! Duisrris. India, Indo-China, Malaya, China,
Mascarene Islands.
i Casanus DC.
An erect shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers racemed. Calya-tube
campanulate; teeth short. Corolla much exserted, its petals equal in
length ; keel truncate. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary
subsessile, few-ovuled; style long, filiform, much upcurved, stigma capi-
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 47
tate. Pod linear, straight, narrowed at both ends, 3-5-seeded, torulose
with oblique linear depressions between the non-strophiolate seeds.
The only species.
Caganus 1npicus Spreng. Syst. III, 248. An erect shrub 6-8 feet
high with slender grooved grey-silky branchlets. Leaves 2-5 in. long;
petiole ‘5—1°5 in. finely fluted densely adpressed hoary ; leaflets 3 oblong-
lanceolate entire subcoriaceous, terminal 1:75-3 in. long, *5-1:25 in.
wide lateral similar but smaller 1:25-1:75 in. long, ‘35-°75 in. wide,
thinly silky above densely shortly silky and indistinctly gland-dotted
beneath, nerves 6-9 pairs oblique prominent; stipeJs minute; stipules
lanceolate hoary-canescent externally, ‘15 in. long. Inflorescence in sparse
corymbose axillary racemes with peduncles 2 in. long and in a terminal
_ panicle; pedicels downy the lowest ‘5 in. long, bracteoles obsolete.
Calyx campanulate ‘25 in. long, teeth triangular shorter than tube.
Corolla ‘6-75 in., standard yellow, or yellow with red veins, or rarely
red. Pod 2-3 in. long, ‘25-45 in. wide, finely downy, with oblique cross
depressions between the 2-6 seeds; armed at tip with thickened base
and lower half of style; testa firm from pale to dark brown. W. & A.
Prodr. 256; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 174; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 217.
C. flavus DC. Prodr. IT, 406. ©. bieolor DC, Prodr. IT, 406; Wall. Cat.
5577. Cytisus Cajan Linn. Sp. Pl. 739; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 325.
C. pseudo-Cajan Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 119. |
ANDAMANS; Perak; Penana; Matacca. Disrris. Cultivated every-
where in the tropics; probably a native of S.-H. Asia.
8. Paasrotus Linn,
Twiners, usually herbaceous, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves.
Flowers in copious axillary racemes ; bracteoles usually conspicuous and
persistent. Oalyx campanulate, the lowest tooth usually longer than
the rest and the two uppermost subconnate. Corolla much exserted;
the keel prolonged into a very long beak which forms a complete spiral.
Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ;
style filiform, twisted round with the keel, conspicuously bearded down
the side below the very oblique stigma. Pod linear, rarely oblong,
‘subterete or subcompressed, more or less distinctly septate between
the seeds. Species about 60, mostly tropical, many widely cultivated,
especially in America,
Stipules small basifixed :—
Petals yellow puberulous externally, pods broad subcom-
pressed aes cae oi ons .. Lk. P. lamatus.
Petals red glabrous, pods narrow subtorulose between seeds 2. P. adenanthus.
48 4G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Stipules produced below point of insertion (petals yellow,
. glabrous) :—
Pods subcylindric glabrous :—
Stems slender diffuse, racemes subcapitate, leaflets less
than half as long as petioles, seeds rounded at ends ww. Oo LP. trilobns,
Stems twining, racemes subspicate, leaflets as long as
petioles, seeds subtruncate Ais .. 4 P. calcaratus,
Pods slightly IEE i pubescent ; (comes subonptat,
seeds rounded at ends) . < w. 58. P. Mungo.
§ EUPHASEOLUS. Stipules small, Peck Pods broad subcom-
pressed.
1. PHasEoLus tunatus Linn. Sp. PI. 724, {uA tall twining biennial
with stems at first finely downy but soon glabrescent. Leaves 6-8 in.
long, leaflets 3, pale-green membranous entire rather wide triangular
acute, base wide cuneate—of lateral leaflets obliquely, glabrous above
minutely sparsely puberulous beneath, 3-4 in. long, 2-2'5 in. wide;
petiole 4-6 in. long, and petiolules °2 in. long puberulous; stipels 15
in. long ovate-acute; stipules hardly larger and similar. Racemes
axillary lax 2-6 in. long peduncles short the lower nodes distant;
flowers in fascicles of 2-4, pedicels 35 in. long, bracts minute. Calyx
‘l in. long minutely 2-bracteolate at the base, puberulous externally
teeth wide triangular very short. Corolla greenish-yellow °35 in. long
puberulous externally. Pod decidedly compressed 2-3 in. long, ‘6-75
in. wide, *25 in. thick; upper suture recurved, lower widely rounded.
DC. Prodr. II, 393; Roxb. Flor. Ind. ILI, 287; W. & A. Prodr. 244;
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 194; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 200. P. vulgaris
Wall. Cat. 5595 not of Linn.
In all the provinces, cultivated,
An American species now widely spread in the old world.
§ Leprospron Bth. & Hk. f. Stipules medium, basifixed. Pods
narrow subcompressed.
2. Puaszotus apenantaus G. W. F. Mey. Prim. Flor. Esseq. 239.
A spreading glabrescent perennial, with slender rigid stems, Leaves
4-6 in. long; leaflets 3 medium to pale green, chartaceous, ovate-acute _
base cuneate—of lateral leaflets obliquely, nerves on both surfaces at first
sparsely puberulous, otherwise glabrous, 2°5-4 in. long, 1°25-2 in. wide ;
petiole 2°5 in. long channelled above very sparsely hirsute or glabrous,
petiolules ‘2 in. long puberulous; stipels ‘1 in. ovate adpressed, stipules
often reflexed ovate-acute ‘2 in. long. Racemes axillary rather crowded,
peduncles 1-4 in. long nodes rather close together ; flowers 1-3 from
each node, pedicels under ‘1 in. long, bracts minute. Calyx ‘25 in. long
campanulate, teeth deltoid to lanceolate half as long as tube, with 2 ovate
bracteoles ‘1 in. long at its base. Corolla pink to purple, showy, I in,
1897.] G. King— Materials fora Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 49
long glabrous. Pod decidedly compressed 4-6 in. long, 4 in. wide, ‘2 in.
thick upper suture much recurved, subtorulose between the 10-16 brown
or red seeds ‘5 in. long, 25 in. wide, with a small hilum. Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 200, P. alatus Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. III,
288 not of Linn. P. amarus Roxb. ex W.& A. Prodr. 244. P. rostratus
‘Wall. Pl. As. Rar. I, 50, t. 63; Cat. 5610; W.& A. Prodr. 244; Wight,
Ic. t, 34. P. truaillensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. VI, 451 ; DC. Prodr.
II, 392. P. senegalensis Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. 217.
Awpamans; N. Andaman, Helfer! S. Andaman, King’s Collector !
Narcondam, growing on the boulders of the oe beach, Prain !
Disrris. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
A very beautiful species not yet reported from the Malay Peninsula proper and
not recorded by Prof. Miquel from the Malay Archipelago. It may, however, be
found if looked for in the sea-fences of screw-pines along the coasts, this being the
habitat chiefly affected by it in the Andaman group.
§ SrropHostytes Bth. & Hk. f. Stipules produced below their
point of insertion.
3. PHASEOLUS TRILOBUS Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. I, III, 30. A slender
diffuse spreading glabrous or slightly pubescent annual or perennial
weed with stems reaching 2-3 feet. Leaves 4in. long; leaflets 3 pale
green membranous, 3-lobed or, especially the terminal, at times entire,
less often 3-fid to -partite, small suborbicular °75—1 in. in diam. rarely
oblong 1°5 in. long by 1 in. wide; petiole long 2-3 in. usually glabrous,
petiolules ‘2 in.; stipels ovate-acute under ‘1 in.; stipules °25-5 in.
long, ovate-oblong. Racemes axillary subcapitate, at ends of erect
stoutish peduncles 6-12 in. long, bracts ovate-acute ‘15-2 in. long
‘deciduous; pedicels ‘1 .in. Calyx campanulate ‘07-1 in. yellowish-
green, teeth minute deltoid, bracteoles at base lanceolate longer than
calyx. Corolla yellow ‘2-25 in. long glabrous. Pod cylindric 1-2 in.
long, °15 in. in diam. glabrous straight or slightly recurved, 6-12 seeded.
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. III, 298; Wall. Cat. 5588, chiefly ;
W. & A. Prodr. 246; Wight, Ic. t. 94; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 198.
Dolichos trilobus Linn. Mantiss. I, 101; Burm. Flor. Ind. 160, t. 50,
f. 1; DC. Prodr. II, 399. D. stipulaceus Lamk, Encye. Meth. II, 300.
ANDAMANS; an introduced weed. Ditstris. Northern Africa, S.-E.
Asia, Malay Archipelago. .
An annual crop and a perennial weed throughout its natural area. The
perennial form has usually more deeply lobed leaflets ; in the annual form lobed
and entire leaflets are generally met with in varying proportions on the same plant.
Though not as yet recorded from the Malay Peninsula proper, it may be expected to
occur there as an introduced weed.
4, PuHasEoLus catcaratus Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54. A twining annual,
or perennial with annual pubescent rarely glabrous stems 6-10 feet long,
ee Hl. 7
50 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. l,
rarely suberect with stems 1-2 feet high. Leaves usually 4-5 in. long’;
leaflets 3 membranous sparsely adpressed-pubescent on both surfaces,
ovate to lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate, entire or faintly repand
rarely slightly lobed, base of terminal leaflet cuneate of lateral truncate
or subauriculately lobed to outer side, 2-4 in. long, 1-2'5 in. wide;
petioles 2-4 in. long, pubescent with spreading or slightly reversed hairs,
petiolules ‘15 in. long, pubescent, stipels ‘15 in. long, glabrous lanceo-
late, stipules ‘2--25 in. long, lanceolate glabrescent. Racemes subspicate
‘75-15 in. long, at end of stoutish peduncles 5-8 in. long, pubescent
with at first decidedly refiexed hairs; flowers 2-3 together from 6-8
nodes at length 2 in. apart, lower pedicels at length ‘2 in. long, bracts
lanceolate ‘25 in. long fixed above the base. Qalywx ‘15 in. long teeth
short deltoid, bracteoles narrowly lanceolate °2 in. long. Corolla yellow
‘5-75 in. long, glabrous. Pod 2°5-3 in. long ‘2 in. wide, recurved
glabrous ; seeds 10-12 subtruncate at ends with prominent hilum half
as long as seed.
Var. typica; stems pubescent. Roxb. Flor, Ind. III, 289; Wall.
Cat. 5611; W. & A. Prodr. 245; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 208.
P. hivtus Wall. Cat. 5593 not of Retz. P. sublobutus Wall, Cat. 5598
not of Roxb. P. pubescens Blume Cat. Bog. 94; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
¥; 200:
Perak; Batu Kuran, common, Scortechini! Ourtis 2984! Anpa-
MANS; common, cultivated and as an escape. Diustris. 8.-H. Asia and
Malaya.
Var. gracilis; stems slender, glabrous.
Perak; Larut, Scortechini 1476! Wray 1756! Goping, Kunstler
990! Durian, Kunstler 1035! 2467! Pauana; at Pekan, Ridley 1124!
Distrip. Sumatra (Forbes).
But for the more slender and glabrous stems there is no character to separate
VAR. gracilis from P. calcaratus which is otherwise a sufficiently variable species.
Except that it is described as having subtorulose pods even when old, the writer
would have no hesitation in referring P. luteus Bl, to VAR. gracilis. As a matter
of fact the pods of all the varieties of /’. culcaratus are subtorulose when young,
and in Roxburgh’s P. torosus, which is referable to P. calcaratus, they continue so;
but, not having seen specimens, the writer dves not feel justified in formally
reducing Blume’s plant, and would leave the matter to be settled by the botanists
of the Dutch Indies.
5. Puaszonus Muneo Linn. Mantiss. I, 101. A spreading annual
or perennial with slender annual pubescent stems 6-10 feet long, grow-
ing in open grassy places (Kunstler), Leaves 8-10 in. long ; leatlets 3
blueisi-green membranous ovate-acute, base wide-truncate—of lateral
leaflets oblique, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, 3-5 in. long, 2°0—4
in. wide, petioles 5 in, long sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 51
petiolules ‘2 in. long densely pubescent, stipels slender subulate ‘2 in.
long, stipules lanceolate sparsely pubescent ‘3 in. long. Racemes dense
few-fid. at the end of sparsely pubescent peduncles 4 in. long, bracts
lanceolate densely pubescent ‘3 in. long, pedicels ‘1 in. Calyx °15 in.
long puberulous externally, teeth triangular except the lowest lanceolate
which is twice as long as the others and half as long as calyx-tube ;
bracteoles at base as long as bracts but rather narrower. Corolla bright
yellow ‘5 in. long glabrous. Pods ascending or almost erect, densely
clothed with spreading hairs, 1°5-2 in. long, °25 in. wide, compressed, 6-8
seeded. Seeds ‘15 in. long, ‘1 in. wide, dark brown, flat, oval, hilum one-
third as long as seed not very prominent, dissipiment between seeds not
pronounced. W. & A. Prodr. 245; Wall. Cat. 5889 in part only. P.
radiatus Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. LII, 296; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
I, 197 in part, not of Linn. P. Mungo var. radiatus Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 203. |
Prov. WELLESLEY; at Prye Dock, Curtis 2211! Perak; at Goping,
Kunstler 946! Disveris. Wild in §.-H. Asia and also largely cultivated.
Very nearly related to P. sublobatus Roxb. (P. trinerviuws Heyne) which differs
in having narrower pods, more distinct dissepiments between the much smaller
seeds, and a rusty-red pubescence. This is the wild form of the plant cultivated in
India as the mdsh-kulai or urd crop; though it happens to have been named P.
Mungo by Linneus it is quite distinct from the Ming plant which has spreading pods
with smaller seeds and dark green leaves. The Mung is the species named P.
radiatus by Linnzus. .
9.. Viena Savi.
Twining herbs or shrubs with pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves.
Flowers in copious axillary racemes bracteoles conspicuous. Calyx cam-
panulate ; teeth short or long, the upper often connate. Corolla much
exserted ; keel truncate or exserted not spirally twisted. Stamens
diadelphous, anthers uniform. Ovary sessile many-ovuled ;.style long
filiform, bearded along the inner face below the oblique stigma. Pod
linear, subterete, subseptate. Species 40-50, mostly tropical ; one widely
cultivated.
Keel not prolonged into a beak; pods glabrous :—
Stems trailing, om short few-seeded; a wild sea-coast
species a eee soe | EV. rebiea.
Stems suberect or Be aici pods ie very many-seeded ; a
widely cultivated plant... oe in w. 2 V. Catjang.
Keel prolonged into a beak; pods ‘ileus uw. 38. Vi pilosa.
1. Viena retusa Walp. Rep. I, 778. he extensively spreading
perennial trailing sea-coast species with glabrous stems. Leaves 3-4 in.
long, leaflets 3, pale green, glabrous ovate to obovate thinly fleshy,
52 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
entire; apex obtuse or sometimes retuse base cuneate or rounded, 2 in.
long, 1:5 in. wide; petiole 1°5 in., glabrous ; petiolules ‘15 in. sparsely
hairy, stipels ‘(06 in. recurved lanceolate glabrous, stipules 1 in. lanceo-
late basifixed. acemes rather densely 12—20-fid. on peduncles 2-6 in,
long, nodes 1-2-fld., the lowest ‘15 in. apart; pedicels slender puberulous
"2 in. long, bracts ‘15 in. long membranous ovate-lanceolate very early
deciduous. Calyx campanulate faintly puberulous -12 in. long teeth
short deltoid. Corolla yellow, glabrous, ‘5 in. long. Pod 1:5-2°5 in, long
*4,in. wide °25 in. thick, glabrous subtorulose, seeds 4-8. V. anomala
Walp. Rep. I. 779. V. lutea A. Gray in Bot. Wilkes Exped. I, 452;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 205. Dolichos luteus Sw. in Prodr. Veg.
Ind. Oce. 105; DC. Prodr. 1I. 398. Phaseolus obovatus Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5609. | | }
Awnpamans and Nicospars; common on all the coasts from the Coco
group and Narcondam south to Katschall and Kamorta. Prraxk;
Scortechini! Ridley 8011! Matacca; Griffith! A cosmopolitan littoral
species.
2. Viena Catsana Walp. in Linnea XIII, 533. A suberect or
twining annual with glabrous stems. Leaves 4-8 in. long; leaflets
3 membranous pale-green ovate-rhomboid entire or slightly lobed, apex
acute base shortly wide-cuneate—of lateral leaflets obliquely, glabrous on
both surfaces, 2'5 in. long by 1°75 in. wide or rather larger (VaR. typica)
to 4 in. long by 3°5 in. or rather less (var. sinensis) ; petiole 15-4 in,
long glabrous, petiolules ‘15 in. long glabrous or puberulous; stipels
ovate obtuse ‘1 in., stipules ‘3-"4 in. long attached above the base, mem-
branous persistent ovate-lanceolate. Racemes subcapitately few-fid. on
peduncles usually 1-4 in.. long (var. typica) sometimes 8-12 in. long
(VAR. sinensis) ; pedicels short (under ‘1 in.), bracts membranous, fixed
above base, deciduous. Calyx glabrous ‘4 in., teeth deltoid-cuspidate
one-third as long astube. Corolla yellow, white, or pinkish °75 in. long.
Pod 4-24 in. long, ‘3-"4 in. wide, scarcely depressed between the seeds
seeds 12-30 (in much elongated pods the spaces between the seeds are
greatly widened). Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 205.
Var. typica ; suberect, leaves smaller and pods shorter. V, Catjang
Walp. ; Endl. ex Mig. Flor. ‘Ind. Bat. I, 188. Dolichos Catjang Linn.
Mantiss. 269; DC. Prodr. II, 899; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55; Flor. Ind,
ITI, 303; Wall. Cat. 5549.
Cultivated in most of the provinces.
Vak. sinensis ; twining, leaves larger and pods longer. Vigna sinen-
sis Endl. ex Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 386; Savi ex Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
I, 187. Dolichos sinensis Linn. Cent. Pl. II, 28; Amoen. Acad. IV,
326; DC. Prodr. II, 399; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55; Flor. Ind. III, 302;
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 538
Wall. Cat. 5550; Bot. Mag. t, 2232; W.& A. Prodr. 250. D. tran-
quebaricus Jacq. Hort. Vidob. III, t. 70 ; DC. Prodr. II, 400.
Cultivated in most of the provinces.
Widely cultivated in the Hastern Hemisphere; probably a native of S.-H. Asia,
but apparently not now known in a truly wild state.
3. Viana piLosA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 207. A slender
twining perennial with hirsute stems. Leaves 5-8 in long, leaflets 3,
green, downy to subscabrid on both surfaces, entire ovate-acute 3-6 in.
long, 1:5-2'5 in. wide, base truncate—of lateral leaflets unequally ; petiole
2 in. long, closely downy, petiolules ‘05 in. only, stipeis subulate minute ;
stipules ‘1 in. lanceolate caducous. Racemes many-fid. 2-3 in. long on
peduncles ‘5-2 in. long, nodes 1-2-fid. all close together in flower, at
length “15 in. apart, pedicels ‘1 in. downy, bracts minute. Oalyzx
campanulate oblique thinly silky, ‘3 in. long, lower tooth lanceolate as
long as tube one half exceeding the others. Corolla purple ‘75 in. long.
Pod 4-5 in. long, subeylindric -25 in. in diam., densely hirsute with
spreading hairs, septate within between the 8-12 subreniform shining
black seeds with truncated ends, °25 in. long ‘15 in. wide. Dolichos
pilosus Roxb. Hort. Beng. 55; Flor. Ind. III, 312; DC. Prodr. II, 397 :
W.& A. Prodr. 249. Pndsbiils difformis Wall. Cat. 5099.
ANDAMANS; common, King’s Collectors! Distris. India and Indo-
China.
10. Pacuyruizus Rich.
Wide-climbing herbs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate with stipellate
lobed leaflets. Racemes long, with tumid nodes and fascicled pedicels;
bracts and bracteoles setaceous, caducous. Calyx 2-lipped, the limb as
long as the tube, the upper lip emarginate, the lower deeply 3-toothed.
Oorolla much exserted, the petals subequal; keel obtuse. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled; style
long circinate at the apex, bearded down the inner side below the very
oblique stigma. Pod large, linear, turgid, deeply depressed between
the seeds. Species 2 or 3; the others Mexican and Angolan.
The oldest name for this genus is Cacara under which designation it was
published by Thouars (Dict. Sc. Nat. V, 35) twenty years before Richard’s name was
issued.
PacAYRHIZUS ANGULATUS Rich. ex DC. Prodr. IT, 402. A large
strong climber with a tuberous root; stems stout, suffruticose, young
stems and branches deciduously downy. Leaves 8-9 in. long, trifoliolate ;
leaflets large, membranous glabrous as broad as long base entire deltoid
from middle of circumference anterior half deeply or shallowly lobed,
4 in. long, as much across ; petiole 5-6 in. long glabrous, petiolules 2 in.
54 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
long pubescent; stipels ‘1 in. subulate, stipules lanceolate puberulous
‘2 in. long. Racemes lax elongated 6-10 in. long on axillary peduncles
12 in. long and upwards, nodes 2-6-fld., lower sometimes 1 in. apart
often produced into branches °5 in. long; bracts lanceolate -25 in. long
silky. Calyx campauulate, teeth triangular, nearly equalling tube,
‘25 in. long, pedicels °3 in. long, bracteoles setaceous silky shorter than
calyx. Corolla purple lin. long. Pod at first adpressed-pubescent, at
length almost glabrous 6-9 in. long ‘5 in. wide, °2 in, thick, deeply de-
pressed along the valves between the 7-12 shining cinnamon-brown
flattened seeds °3 in. long, ‘25 in. wide. Wall. Cat. 5526; W. & A.
Prodr. 251; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 191; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
207. P. trilobus DC. Prodr. II, 402. Dolichos erosus Linn. Sp. Pl. 726,
D. bulbosus Linn. Sp. Pl, Ed. II, 1020; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 309, D.
trilobus Lour. Flor. Cochinch. I], 5385. Cacara erosa Kuntze Rey. Gen.
Pl,.1,,165.
Cultivated in most of the provinces. Dustris. Cosmopolitan in the
tropics, probably originally American.
This is known, Mr. Curtis notes, as Obie Songnang in the Island of Penang.
The large tuberous root, white outside and inside of the appearance and consistence
of a turnip, is occasionally, according to Dr. Watt’s Dictionary of Economic Products,
6-8 feet long and as thick as a man’s thigh. It is eaten both cooked and uncooked,
is palatable enough but rather insipid. If the rules as to priority of names be
rigidly applied this must be known as Cacara erosa Kuntze.
11. DotrtcHos Linn.
Twining herbs with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves and minute sub-
- persistent bracts bracteoles and stipules. lowers racemose or axillary.
Calyz-tube campanulate, teeth long or short. Corolla much exserted ;
its petals usually equal in length; keel obtuse or rostrate not spiral.
Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, many-
ovuled; style thickened upwards and bearded down the inner edge or
filiform and penicillate round the terminal stigma. Pod flat, linear or
oblong, recurved. Species about 20, wide-spread in the tropics of both
hemispheres. )
The only species so far reported from the Malay Peninsula belongs to the group
LABLAB, with a style thickened upwards from a narrow base, bearded down the
inner edge. This group is treated by Baker as a subgenus, by Taubert as a section,
of Dolichos. De Candolle, Wight & Arnott, and Kurz consider however, with Savi,
that it would be preferable to deal with this as the type of a distinct genus Lablab. .
Doticnos LastaB Linn. Sp. Pl. 725. A tall subglabrous wide
twining perennial or annual with round smooth or slightly downy stems.
Leaves 4-12 in. long, 8-foliolate ; leaflets entire ovate-acute, base cuneate
or deltoid, rather pale green, glabrous or slightly pubescent beneath,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 55
2-6 in. long and almost as broad; petiole 2-8 in. long, glabrous;
petiolules ‘2 in. long puberulous; stipels ‘15 in. long subulate smooth ;
stipules lanceolate Zz in. long basifixed. Racemes lax 6-9 in. long on
peduncles 5-8 in. long; pedicels fascicled 15-25 in. long on nodes
‘5-75 in. apart; bracts early deciduous. Calyx ‘2 in., teeth short
deltoid, bracteoles oblong *15-"2 in. Corolla white or pink ‘6 in. long,
Pod 1:5-2 in. loug (in one rather unusual form 3 in. long) tipped with
the hooked persistent base of the style. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
209. |
Var. typica; pods longer, seeds with long axis along the pod. D.
Lablab Linn. Sp. Pl. 725. D. lignosus Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 305 not of
Linn. Lablab vulgaris Savi, Diss. 19; DC. Prodr. II, 401; W. & A.
Prodr. 250; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 189. D. cultratus Forsk. Flor.
Aigypt. Arab. 134.
PERAK; cultivated, Scortechini! ANDAMANS; cultivated, common.
Cultivated everywhere in the tropics of the Old World.
Var. lignosa; pods shorter broader at the end, seeds with long axis
across the pod. D. lignosus Linn. Sp. Pl. 726. D. Lablab Roxb. Flor.
Ind. III, 307 not of Linn. © D. cultratus Thunb. Trans. Linn. Soc. II, 320
not of Forsk. Lablab cultratus DC. Prodr. II, 402; W. & A. Prodr.
251; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 190. LZ. microcarpus DC. Prodr. II, 402;
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 190. |
ANDAMANS; cultivated. Cultivated throughout south-eastern Asia.
In deference to the great authority of Mr. Baker these two very distinct plants
are united specifically; they are however so different that they must be treated as
at least separate varieties.
12. Psopsocarpus Neck.
Twining herbs, with large tuberous roots. Leaves 3-foliolate, stipel-
late; stipules fastened above the base. Flowers rather large, lilac.
Calyx teeth shorter than the tube, the two upper connate. Corolla much
exserted, the petals equal in length; keel much incurved, but not beak-
ed. Stamens monadelphous, the upper free downwards ; anthers uni-
form. Ovary substipitate, many-ovuled; style long, much recurved,
flattened laterally, densely bearded round the terminal stigma. Pod
square, with a distinct wing to each angle, distinctly septate between the
seeds. Species 3-4, all tropical in the Old World.
PsopHocakPUS TETRAGONOLOBUS DC. Prodr. II, 403. A. slender
annual glabrous twiner with tuberous roots. Leaves 5-10 in, long ;
leaflets 3 ovate, acute or acuminate, base rounded or wide-cuneate,
margin entire or slightly waved, glabrous, green above, paler sometimes
slightly glaucescent beneath, 3-6 in. long, 2-6 in. wide; petiole 2-4 in.
56 =~G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
glabrous, petiolules *15 in. sparsely hairy along the sides ; stipels lanceo-
late, glabrous ‘1 in. long, stipules oblanceolate acute towards both ends
from the almost median insertion, ‘3 in. long, glabrous. Racemes lax
4-6 fid.; peduncles 2-6 in. long; pedicels geminate ‘5 in. long, bracts
small ovate, ‘08 in long. Calyx campanulate glabrous oblique ; upper
connate teeth rounded emarginate, lateral oblong rather exceeding
lowest ; bracteoles 2 ovate, striate, glabrous, attached slightly above the
base ‘15 in. long twice as large as bracts, half as long as buds. Corolla
blue or white 1:5 in. long. Pod 6-12 in. long, 1°35 in. wide, the wings
along the angles membranous ‘5 in. wide their margins crisped dentate
and laciniate; seeds 8-16, rounded. W. & A. Prodr. 252; Hassk. Pl.
Jav. Rar. 388 (var. a. only); Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 181 (VAR. a.
only). Dolichos tetragonolobus Linn. Syst., Hd. X, 1162; Roxb. Flor.
Ind. III, 305 (in part). D. ovatus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5540.-Ramnpill
Herb. Amb, V. t. 133.
SINGAPORE; Hullett n. 75!
Cultivated throughout Southern Indo-China and Malaya.
13. Curroria Linn.
Scandent or suberect undershrubs, with showy flowers, 3--7-foliolate
leaves, stipellate leaflets and persistent membranous small stipules and
bracts and large bracteoles. Calyx membranous, tubular; teeth deltoid
or lanceolate. Corolla much exserted; standard spoon-shaped, very
large ; wings and incurved keel much shorter. Stamens monadelphous
or diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style
incurved, flattened, bearded along the inner side. Pod linear, flattish or
turgid. Species 27, in tropics of old and new world, mostly the latter.
Pod flattish, valves not keeled on the face (SuscEn.
Ternatea) ; stems scandent an . IL. C. Ternatea,
' Pod turgid, with a rib along face of Point (SUBGEN.
Neurocarpum); stems suberect ... . 2. OC. cajanifolia.
1. Cxrroria Ternatea Linn. Sp. PI. 753. A climber with slender
terete downy stems. Leaves 4 in. long, petiole ‘75 in., rachis glabrous ;
leaflets terminal and in 2-3 opposite pairs ovate or oblong obtuse sub-
coriaceous; 1-2 in. long ‘75-1 in. wide, stipules small ‘2 in. long
lanceolate, stipels minute linear. Flowers axillary solitary pedicels
‘35-5 in., bracteoles large roundish obtuse ‘25-"5 in. long. Calyx ‘5-75
n.; teeth lanceolate nearly as long as tube. Corolla 1:5-2 in. long;
standard 1 in. broad, bright blue with an orange centre or (in a com-
monly cultivated form) white. Pod flattish, valves smooth, 2-4 in. long, ”
‘35 in. wide, sparsely hirsute; 6-10-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 233; Bot.
Mag. t. 1542; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 321; Wall. Cat. 5344; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 226; Bak, in Flor, Brit. Ind. II, 208.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 57
ANDAMANS; commonly cultivated. Paneaxore; Scortechini! Drs-
TRIB. ; common throughout the tropics in gardens and as an escape.
2. CuiroriA CAJANIFOLIA Benth. in Mart. Flor. Brasil. XV, 121.
A suberect undershrub with terete pilose branches, Leaves 2-3°5 in,
long; petiole -1 in. and rachis adpressed-pilose; leaflets terminal and
in 1 lateral pair lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse subcoriaceous 2-5 in.
long, *75-1 in. wide, glabrous above, densely grey-canescent beneath ;
stipules shortly triangular, pubescent, stipels subulate. Flowers axillary
usually 2 on a pubescent peduncle 1-1'5 in. long; bracteoles small ovate
or lanceolate. Calyx °75 in. long, teeth much shorter than tube.
Corolla 1°5-2 in, long; standard 1:5 in. wide pale-violet with a dull-
purple centre. Pod turgid, with a rib along face of valves, 1°25 in. long,
°35 in. wide quite glabrous, 5-7 seeded. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I,
209. Neurocarpum cajanifolium Presl Symb. 17, t. 9; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat, I, 225. N. retuswm Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 376. Lotus fluminensis
Vell, Flor. Flum. VII, t. 152.
Matacca and Srvnaarors, in old clearings, common. Distrin. A
native of Brazil now naturalised in the localities mentioned, in Java,
and in Siam.
14. Crentrosema Benth.
Twining herbs or shrubs; stems with woody base. Leaves pin-
nately 3-foliolate, stipellate; stipules persistent basifixed. Flowers very
large and showy with persistent bracts and large persistent bracteoles.
Calyx-teeth short the upper pair connate or obsolete. Corolla much
exserted ; standard orbicular emarginate shortly spurred near base,
longer than the falcate obovate wings and the broad incurved slightly
shorter keel. Stamens usually diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary
subsessile, many-ovuled, style incurved dilated at the apex, stigma
terminal beardless. Pod subsessile linear flattened, 2-valved, slightly
septate between the seeds, both sutures thickened and both valves
strongly ridged along the face parallel to the sutures. Species about
25, all American.
Dr. Kuntze states (Rev. Gen. Pl. I, 163) that Bradbwrya Raf., reduced in the
Index Kewensis to Wistaria, is in reality this genus, and that Rafinesque’s descrip-
tion refers to Centrosema virginianwm a species widely cultivated in Asia and now
quite naturalized in Java though not yet reported as an escape in our area,
Crenrrosema Puumrert Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. II, 118. A large
climber with woody base and twining slender firm glabrous or puberulous
branches. Leaves 6-10 in. long; leaflets 8 papery dark green glabrous
above puberulous on the nerves beueath broadly ovate acute or acumi-
nate 3-6 in. long, 2°5-5 in, across; petioles 3-6 in., glabrous or puberu-
2 a. 8
98 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
lous ; petiolules ‘15 in. pubescent ; stipels ‘25 in. long, lanceolate ; stipules
ovate-oblong persistent subscarious “4 in. Racemes 2-6-fid., peduncles
thick 1-2 in. long, pedicels usually geminate ‘1-15 in. long, bracts
pubescent orbicular-cucullate as long as |pedicels. Calyx ‘25 in. long,
oblique wide-campanulate glabrescent, upper tooth very short, lateral
wide blunt, lower longer lanceolate, completely hidden by the large
persistent coriaceous striate ovate obtuse bracts *6-"75 in. long.
Corolla large, standard 1-75 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, white, or white with
crimson centre, pubescent externally ; wings white tipped with violet
or rose 1 in. long, 5 in. wide ; keel sometimes white, sometimes crimson.
Pod 6 in. long, °5 in. wide, straight, beaked by the persistent style 1 in.
long, both sutures thickened, the lower with narrow longitudinal wings
‘1 in, remote from the suture; seeds 10-12 oblong or subglobose, hilum
oblong-linear. Mart, Flor. Bras. XV, I, 127. Clitoria Plumieri Juss.
in Pers. Synops. II, 303; Edwards, Bot. Reg. IV, 268. (. fluminensis
Vell. Flor. Flum. VII, 312, t. 128. Cruminiwm giganteum Desv. Ann.
Se. Nat. Ser. I, IX, 423.
Perak; at Kampar, Curtis 3140! Srincarore; Hullett 57! 669!
no doubt an escape from gardens, as it also is in Sumatra where it
has been found growing in forests near Lampar (Forbes n. 2599!) A
native of South America; cultivated in Asiatic gardens on account of its
handsome flowers.
15. TeramMnus Sw.
Twining herbs, of slender habit. Oalya-tube campanulate; teeth
distinct, subequal or two upper not so long. Corolla little exserted ; pe-
tals about equal in length; standard not spurred. Stamens monadel-
phous; alternate anthers small, abortive. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ;
style short, curved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, hooked with.
the persistent style at the tip, flattish, septate between the seeds.
Species 4, belting the world in the tropics.
THRAMNUS LABIALIS Spreng. Syst. III, 235. A wide-spreading
climber of slender habit with a few adpressed hairs on the stem. Leaves
2°5-4°5 in. long, petiole 1-1'5 in. sparsely adpressed-hirsute ; leaflets 3
membranous or subcoriaceous ovate-oblong base rounded apex subacute
or at times, especially of lateral pair, obtuse, terminal 1-2°5 in. long .
75-15 in. wide, lateral slightly smaller, green glabrescent above sparsely
adpressed-hirsute beneath ; stipules minute lanceolate deciduous ‘15 in.
long, stipels subulate ‘1 in. Inflorescence of elongated lax axillary
8-12-fid. racemes 2-3 in. long; pedicels ‘2 in. solitary below fascicled
upwards, bracts narrowly lanceolate ‘1 in. long, bracteoles close under
calyx minute subulate. Calyx *15-'2 in. long, 2-labiate, teeth subequal
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 59
lanceolate about as long as the narrowly campanulate tube. Corolla
25 in. long reddish, standard emarginate, wings overarching the slight-
ly shorter keel. Pod glabrous recurved linear J°5-2 in. long, ‘2 in.
broad, 8-12 seeded. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. VITI, 265; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 184. Glycine labialis Linn. fil. Suppl. 325; Roxb.
Flor. Ind. III, 318; W. & A. Prodr. 208; Wight, Ic. t. 168; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 222. G. parviflora DC. Prodr. II, 242; Wall. Cat. 5508
(excl. G., H.) G. debilis DC. Prodr. II, 242. G. pallens Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5518.
Ponane; Wallich 5518! Disrer. Throughout the tropics.
Var. mollis Baker (Teramnus mollis Benth), should be looked for in the Malay
Peninsula, for though it has not yet been reported from our area it occurs in Burma
where it has been collected by Wallich and by Kurz, and again in Java where it appears
to be commoner than 7. labiaiis proper. It is distinguished from T. labialis by the
presence of spreading hairs on the stem and by the pods being strigosely hirsute
with long spreading hairs. Its leaflets also are densely pubescent beneath and its
calyx-teeth are shorter than the tube.
16,. Diocutea H. B. K.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers
blue or white, in elongated racemes with thickened nodes; bracts and
bracteoles caducous. Calyx-tube campanulate, teeth shorter than tube,
twoupper quite connate. Corolla exserted ; petals about equal in length ;
keel incurved but not beaked. Stamens monadelphous; the vexillary
stamen free below connate with the others in the middle shorter than the
rest and with a perfect anther; anthers of keel stamens (in Malay
species) alternately perfect and abortive. Ovary subsessile hirsute,
few-oyuled, style incurved beardless, stigma capitate, Pod oblong
turgid 1~3-seeded, flattened along the upper suture. Species 17-18, one
Indo-Malayan, one extending to Africa and America, the rest tropical
American.
- Leaflets glabrescent beneath, larger; flowers °75 in. long; calyx
teeth half as long as tube ... ... 1. D. reflexa.
Leaflets densely velvety beneath ; Sanat 1 in. long: calyx teeth
wider one-third the length of tube dike .. 2. D. javanica.
1. Ditoctta rerLexa Hook. f. Niger Hides 306. A strong woody
climber 20-30 feet long with rounded black early glabrescent branches.
Leaves 3-foliolate 9 in. long; leaflets 3, dull green above paler beneath,
subcoriaceous when young sparsely hairy on both surfaces but early
becoming glabrous above and glabrous except for a few adpressed hairs
on the nerves beneath, ovate shortly acuminate with subtruncate base 5 in.
long 3 in. across, petiole 4 in. long channelled above sparingly adpressed
hirsute ; petiolules ‘25 in. rusty pubescent, stipels +2 in, long, subulate,
60 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
stipules lanceolate *25 in, long, deciduous. Inflorescence in dense sub-
spicate racemes 6 in. long on axillary peduncles 8-12 in. long with 2-3
widely separated empty bracts; rachis rusty-tomentose, flowers 2-3
together on rounded alternate nodes ‘2—25in. apart; bracts ‘o in. long
linear reflexed rusty-pubescent early deciduous. Calyx campanulate -
‘4 in. long with two small obtuse bracteoles at base; pedicels ‘15 in.
jong rusty-puberulous ; calyx teeth subequal except the broader trun-
cate upper triangular, half as long as tube. Corolla pale-pink *76 in.
long, standard-limb orbicular emarginate. Pods few, I-2-seeded ; 3—4 in.
long, 2 in. wide, ‘5 in. thick along upper suture, at first sparsely adpress-
ed rusty-silky at length glabrescent ; seeds discoid dark brown 1°25 in.
in diam. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 196. Dolichos hexandra Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 55. D. coriaceus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5562.
ANDAMANS; very common, Helfer 1752! King’s Collectors! PENANG
or Singapore; Wallich! Perak; Larut, Kunstler 5718! Disreis.
Silhet; trop. Africa; trop. America.
The vexillary stamen in t!iis and the next species is free at the base though
not above; it is rather shorter than the others and bears a perfect anther; the:
anthers of the 9 stamens that constitute the keel-sheath are alternately perfect and
abortive thus giving 5 perfect anthers on the sheath and a sixth perfect anther on
the vexillary stamen; hence Boxburgh’s excellent specific name.
Dr. Wallich did not obtain this species at Penang and Singapore; his. note on
the sheet of Cat. n. 5662 at Calcutta states that he had forgotten the precise locality
but was of opinion that he obtained the specimen either at: Penang or at Singapore.
2. Duocuea savanica Benth. Pl. Jangh. 236. A rather slender
woody climber 20-30 feet long with rounded black early glabrescent
branches. Leaves 3-foliolate 6-7 in. long; leaflets dull green above,
coriaceous, beneath densely rusty-velvety, ovate shortly acuminate with
subtruncate base 4 in. long 2:25 in. across, petiole 2-3 in. long channelled
above, rusty-velvety ; petiolules ‘25 in., velvety, stipels -2 m. long
subulate ; stipules lanceolate ‘25 in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence im
dense subspicate racemes 6 in. long on axillary peduncles 8-12 in. lone
with 2-3 widely scattered empty bracts ;. rachis densely velvety, flowers:
2-3 together on rounded alternate uodes ‘2-25 in. apart; bracts °5 in.
long linear reflexed rusty-pubescent early deciduous. Calyx campanu-
late °5 in. long with two small obtuse bracteoles at base ; pedicels "15.
in. long rusty-puberulous; calyx teeth subequal except the broader
truncate upper wide triangular, one-third as long as tube. Corolla
pale-pink 1 in. long, standard-limb orbicular. Pods few usually 1-2-
sometimes 3-seeded ; 3-5°5 in. long, 2 in. wide, ‘5 in. thick along upper
suture; at first densely rusty-tomentose at length glabiescent; seeds _
discoid 1°25 in. in diam. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 217. D. Kergusonia
Thwaites Knum, 412.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 61
Perak; Larut, Kunstler 5196! 10320! Wray 2000! Manacea ;
Maingay 520! Disrris. Ceylon; Chittagong; Java,
Very nearly related to the preceding and perhaps only a form of that species.
At the same time the characters by which they are separable are very constant in
-all the specimens of both that the writer has seen, and from the field-botanist’s point
of view, at least, it is just as well to follow Mr. Bentham in separating them.
17. Puerarta DC.
Twining shrubs or herbs with stipellate pinnately 3-foliolate leaves ;
leaflets sometimes palmately lobed. Flowers sometimes appearing before
leaves, large or small, densely fascicled, in long often compound racemes.
Calyx teeth long or short the two upper connate. Corolla distinctly
exserted ; standard usually spurred at the base equalling in Iength the
obtuse wings and keel. Stamens more or less thoroughly monadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, wany-ovuled; style
filiform much incurved beardless, stigma capitate. Pod linear, flattish.
Species about 12, mostly Indo-Chinese.
1. PuerariaA PHASEOLOIDES Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IX, 125.
A slender creeper 20-39 feet long with adpressed-pubescent slender
hardly woody stems, and slender twining branches clothed with spread-
ing greyish-brown hairs. Leuves contemporaneous with flowers, 6-8 in.
long; leaflets 3, membranous dull-green thinly adpressed-hirsute above,
dark greeuish-grey aud densely velvety-tomentose beneath, triangular
ovate base wide cuneate—of lateral pair obliquely, apex subobtuse mar-
gin entire repand or slightly 3-lobed, sub-3-nerved at base, 3-4 in. long,
2-3 in. wide, petiole 3-4 in., densely clothed with spreading hairs,
petiolules -2 in. long; stipels small subulate weak ‘1 in. long, stipules
small lanceolate basifixed. Inflorescence of long-peduncled axillary
racemes of fascicled flowers; peduncle 6-8 in. and rachis puberulous ;
racemes 4 in. long, fascicles ‘25-5 in. apart 4-5-fld., pedicels °2 in.
puberulous, bracts and bracteoles lanceolate rather rigid clothed with
adpressed bristly hairs, the bracteoles subpersistent. Calya campan-
ulate ‘25 in. long clothed with adpressed bristly hairs, teeth unequal
upper broad, and lower lanceolate as long as tube and one-third larger
than lateral triangular, all setaceous at tip. Corolla pale-blue and white,
6 in. long, standard-limb suborbicular distinctly spurred. Pods numer-
ous, at first puberulous, at length glabrescent slightly recurved at the
tip, 3'5 in. long only ‘2 in. wide. Seets about 16,°15in. long ‘1 in. wide,
truncate at ends, dark brown, testa dull minutely rugulose. Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind, IJ, 199 (excl. syn. P. subspicate Bth.). Dolichos
phaseoloides Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 316. D. viridis Ham. in Wall. Cat.
5559. Neuslanthus phasecoloides Benth, Pl. Jungh. 235; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 219. Phaseolus deewrvus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5612.
62 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
ANDAMANS; at Port Blair, Prain! Punane ; Wallich 5612! PeRAK;
Goping, Kunstler 1062! 2456! 5117! Scortechint 591! 1441! Ipoh,
Curtis 83151! Disrris. S.-H. Asia.
18. Canavania DC.
Large twining perennials or biennials with stipellate pinnately 3-
foliolate leaves and showy flowers. Calyx deeply tubular, limb 2-labiate,
the upper lip projecting, entire or emarginate the lower shortly 3-toothed.
Corolla far exserted; standard large roundish; wings shorter equalling
the incurved obtuse keel. Stamens monadelpbous; anthers uniform.
Ovary obscurely stalked many-ovuled ; style incurved beardless, stigma
terminal. Pod large linear or oblong, flat or turgid with a longitudinal
ridge along each margin of the flattened upper suture. Species 10-12,
mostly American.
Pods not targid, deeply double-channelled along the dorsal
suture :—
Pods 1°5-2 in. across ; flowers many uk - sae 1. C. ensiformis.
Pods ‘5-75 in. across ; flowers few Lay ‘ye «2. CO. lineata.
Pods turgid, almost flat along the dorsal suture; endocarp
separating wes 7 . 38. C. obtusifolia.
1. Gawavanra ENstFormis DC. Prodr, II, 404. <A large biennial or
perennial climber with glabrous stems and branches. Leaves 3-foliolate
10-12 in. long; leaflets green paler beneath, membranous, when young
puberulous, very soon quite glabrous ovate-acute, base rounded—in
lateral pair slightly obliquely ; 5-6 in. long, 2°5-4 in. wide; petiole 6
in. long glabrous, petiolules ‘25 in.; stipels *15 in. subulate very
early deciduous ; stipules small triangular ‘1 in. long, caducous. In-
florescence in lax 12-20-fid. racemes 3-8 in. long on axillary peduncles
4-6 in. long ; flowers solitary or geminate from swollen nodes ‘3-5 in.
apart, pedicels ‘115 in., bracteoles minute ovate caducous. Calyx
campauulate, sparsely puberulous reticulate-veined °6 in. long, upper lip
oblong emarginate one-third the length of tube. Corolla lilac or white
15 in. long, limb of standard orbicular emarginate. Pods few, long,
linear-oblong, slightly curved, dorsal suture strongly 3-keeled and
deeply 2-grooved between the keels, 5-20-seeded, in length varying
from 6-24 inches, in depth from 1'5-2 in., distance between outer ridges
of dorsal suture ‘5 in. Seeds white, grey or more usually red, 1°25 in.
long, *75 in. wide. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I, 195. C0. gladiata DC.
Prodr. II,-494; Wall. Cat. 5531; W. & A. Prodr. 253 ; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 216. Dolichos ensiformis Linn. Sp. Pl. 725. D. gladiatus Jacq.
Coll. Il, 276; Roxb. Hort. Beng. III, 300. .
In some of the provinces, cultivated; as it almost universally is
throughout the tropics.
1897.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 63
The writer follows Mr. Baker in identifying the American Dolichos gladiatus
(Canavalia gladiata DC.) with the Asiatic Dolichos ensiformis (Canavalia ensiformis DC.)
2. Canavatia tinpata DC. Prodr. II, 404. A glabrous perennial
on rocky or sandy sea-coasts. Leaves 3-foliolate 8-9 in. long; leaflets
pale-green thickly membranous ovate or orbicular, obtuse with or
without a short point, or retuse, base cuneate, 2-3 in. long and 2-3 in.
across; petiole 3-5 in. long somewhat fleshy, glabrous; petiolules
.25 in., stipels "15 in. subulate very early deciduous; stipules small
triangular ‘1 in. long caducous. Inflorescence in long-peduncled 4-8-fld.
racemes on peduncles 10-16 in. long; flowers solitary or geminate
from swollen nodes *3-"5 in. apart, pedicels -1—15 in. bracteoles
minute ovate caducous. Calyx campanulate sparsely puberulous
reticulate-veined °6 in. long, upper lip oblong subentire one-fourth
the length of tube, Corolla violet 1 in. long, hmb of standard orbicular
emarginate. Pods few, short, linear-oblong, straight, dorsal suture —
strongly 3-keeled and deeply 2-grooved between the keels, 4~6-seeded,
3-5 in. long, °75 in. deep; width between outer ridges of dorsal suture
‘3 in. Seeds dark-brown’ 5 in. long. Somoko-Dusets XIII, t. 20.
Dolichos lineatus Thunbg. Flor. Japon. 280. D. obcordatus Roxb. Flor.
Ind. III, 303. Canavalia obtusifolia Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 196,
not of DC; Cleghorn, Madr. Journ. (n. s.) I, t. 4.
Pauane; Sungei Kelang, Ridley! PENANG; common on sand-banks
along the coast, Curtis 1714! Sincapore; Hullett 514! Disrris. Coasts
of India, Indo-China, Malaya, China, Japan, Polynesia, Australia.
3, Cawavatia optusirotia DC. Prodr. II, 404. A large biennial
climber with glabrous stems and branches. Leaves 3-foliolate 10-12 in.
long ; leaflets green, membranous, when young puberulous very soon
quite glabrous, ovate-acute to rounded with a shortly acuminate tip, base
rounded to subtruncate; 5-6 in. long 3°5-4°5 in. wide; petiole 6 in.
long, glabrous ; petiolules ‘25 in. ; stipels 15 in. subulate, very early
deciduous; stipules small triangular ‘1 in. long, caducous. Inflorescence
in lax 12-16-fld. racemes 3-8 in. long, on axillary peduncles 6-12 in,
long ; flowers solitary or geminate from swollen nodes ‘3-5 in. apart,
pedicels ‘1-15. in., bracteoles minute ovate caducous. Calyx campanu-
late, sparsely puberulous, faintly ridged and not very distinctly reticu-
late-veined, 5 in. long, upper lip rounded hardly emarginate, scarcely
longer than lower and not one-sixth the length of tube. Corolla blue
and white, 1 in long, limb of standard orbicular slightly emarginate.
Pods few, short, turgid, slightly curved, dorsal suture faintly 3-keeled,
spaces between keels wide and plane, not grooved, 3—U-seeded, length
3-5 in., depth 1°75-2°25 in., width of dorsal suture between outer keels
‘75 in. Seeds pale umber with gamboge streaks, °75 in. long ‘5 in. broad,
64. G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
embedded in the woolly separable endocarp. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
215. ©. turgida Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5534 A; Mig. in Flor. Ind. Bat.
1,215. C, ensifermis var. turgida Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. Il, 196. Doli-
chos obtusifolius Lamk. Eneye. Meth. II, 295. D. rotundifolius Vahl,
Symb. II, 81; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IIT, 302.—Rheede Hort. Malab. VIII, t.
43; Pluken. Almag. t. 51, f. 2.
Anpamans; Coco Group and Narcondam, Prain! Mid. Andaman,
Kurz! §. Andaman, Kurz! Man! King’s Oollector! Little Andaman,
Prain! Perak; Scortechini 13891! Kunstler 1123! Panaxore; Scorte-
ehini 978! Penane; Wallich 5534! Sincarore; Pulo Obin, Hulleté 330!
Disrris. Indian, Indo-Chinese and Malayan coasts. ;
There is no doubt that, ia the first place, this is C. ebtusifolia DC.; that, in the
second place, it is not C. obtusifolia Bak., in Flor, Brit. Ind.; and that, finally, it is
specifically distinct from C. ensiformis of which the Flora makes it a variety, It is
however, particularly unfortunate that, while the leaflets of C. lineata are almost
always “obtuse,” those of C. obtusifolia rarely are.
19. Muocuna Adans.
Perennials and annuals of wide-twining habit. Leaves ample,
stipellate, always 3-foliolate, Flowers large, showy, usually dark purple,
turning quite black when dried. Calyz-tube campanulate; two upper
teeth quite connate ; lowest longer than the middle ones. Corolla much
exserted ; standard not more than half as long as the rostrate keel,
which usually a little exceeds the wings. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers
dimorphous, like those of the Genistewx. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ;
style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod very variable in shape
and sculpture, usually covered with brittle needle-like irritating bristles.
Species about 30, spread everywhere in the tropics.
Perennials; pods flat, seeds large flattened, with a hilum
extending round the greater part of their periphery (Sub-
gen. ZOOPHTHALMUM) :—
Pods with plaits across their faces (§ Citta) :—
Racemes long lax simple, bracts large boat-shaped ;
pods with broad wings, over which the bei do not
extend, down the sutures me . Ll. M, imbricata,
Racemes short corymbose, bracts ei pa with
transverse plaits that extend across the usually nar-
rower sutural wings :—
Peduncles naked at base; bracteoles longer than
buds; calyx-teeth long; pods one-seeded ; margins of
transverse plaits simple, and of sutural wings entire 2. M, monosperma,
Peduncles bracteate at base; bracteoles’ shorter
than buds; calyx-teeth very short; pods two-seeded ;
margins of plaits 2-plicate, and of sutural wings
incised ve it ie we 3, MM, biplicata,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 65
Pods without plaits across their faces (§ Carpopogon) ;
(wide-winged down both sutures) :-—
Racemes short corymbose, bracts large boat-shaped ... 4. M. acuminata.
Racemes long-peduncled, umbelliform, bracts minute... 5. M. gigantea.
Annuals; pods turgid, hooked; seeds small oval with small
lateral hilum (Subgen. SrizoLoBium) sen .. 6. M. pruriens.
Suscen. 1. ZoopHtHaumum. Perennial climbers; seeds large more
or less flattened, with a long hilum extending round the greater part of
the periphery.
§ Cirra. Pods plaited across their faces.
1. Mucuna impricata DC. Prodr. II, 406. A large woody climber
with slender glabrescent branches. Leaves 9-15 in. long: leaflets 3,
membranous, green, glabrous above, glabrous or with a few adpressed
hairs beneath, ovate-oblong cuspidate, base rounded—of lateral Jeaflets
obliquely, 5-7 in. long, 3-3°5 in. across, petiole glabrous 4-8 in. long,
petiolules ‘2 in., stipels subulate ‘15 in.; stipules linear ‘25 in. long.
Inflorescence of lax 8-10-fid. axillary racemes, pedicels ‘35 in. long 1-3
together from swollen nodes towards upper third to fourth of peduncle
0-15 in. long, and in the axils of large boat-shaped deciduous bracts
1:25 in. long 1 in. wide glabrous on both surfaces rounded at apex
except the acute or subacute lowest, forming at first a strobilate head.
Calyx °75 in. long sparsely covered externally with brown deciduous
irritating bristles, tube wide-campanulate hardly longer than the wide
triangular teeth; flower-buds with a bracteole similar to bracts but
much smaller and more early deciduous, at base of calyx. Corolla
2-2°25 in. long dull purple or white with purple spots; keel abruptly
inflexed at tip standard J in. across 1°25 in. long ; wings ‘5 in. wide.
Pod oblong 4°5-6 in. long 2°25 in. across, wings along the sutures ‘5 in.
wide, plaits ‘35 in. deep hardly crossing the wings ; clothed in all parts
with brown deciduous bristles; seeds 2-3. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 185, Citta nigricans Lour. Flor. Cochinchin. 557. Carpopogon imbri-
catum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54. Stizolobium wmbricatum Kuntze Rev.
Gen. Plant. I, 208, Zoophthalmum nigricans Prain MSS.
ANDAMANS; in the interior forests, common. Distris. Himalayas
from Kamaon, eastward; and throughout Indo-China.
Most nearly related, amongst Malayan species, to Stizolobiwm Junghuhnianum
Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Plant. I, 208) from Java, which has very similar bracts. The pods,
however, are in that species slightly narrower with rather narrower wings across
which the plaits extend more completely. The branches, petioles, leaves and bracts
of UM. Junghuhniana are moreover strigosely hispid and the calyx and pods are
more densely bristly. Nearly related also is M. cyanosperma K. Schum., from the
Moluccas.
J. u. 9
66 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. f,
2. Mucuna monospeRMA DC. Prodr. II, 406. A large woody
climber with deciduous rusty down on young branches. Leaves 6-9 in.
long ; leaflets 3 thinly subcoriaceous green glabrous above, when young
rather closely rusty-downy beneath, ovate-oblong cuspidate base rounded
—of lateral leaflets obliquely, 3-4 in. long 2-2°25 in. across, petiole 3-5 in.
long at first rusty, soon glabrescent; petiolules ‘25 in., stipels subulate
‘15 in.; stipules linear ‘2 in. Inflorescence corymbose 6—12-fid., axillary,
peduncles usually ‘5-1 in. occasionally elongated 2°5-3 in. long, at first
rusty-puberulous as are the pedicels ‘25-5 in. long ; bracteoles at base
of calyx lanceolate *6 in. long, exceeding the buds; bracts small tri-
angular ‘15 long very early deciduous and leaving small sears at base of
pedicels. Calyx ‘4 in. long densely covered with pungent deciduous
bristles, tube campanulate twice as long as unequal teeth ; upper tooth
truncate lateral deltoid lower linear. Corolla 15 in. long, purple; keel
abruptly inflexed at tip, wings °25 in., standard ‘6 in. long ‘5 in. wide.
Pod 2°75 im. long 2'25 in. wide broadly oblong, wings along the dorsal
sutures ‘5 in. wide along ventral ‘25 in., plaits ‘3 in. high crossing the
wings to their margins; clothed in all parts with brown deciduous
bristles; seeds solitary. Wight-in Hook. Bot. Misc. II, 346, Suppl. t.
12; W. & A. Prodr. 254; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 214; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 185... M. anguina Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III, 19 t. Zia
Carpopogon monospermunm Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. III, 283.
0. angwineum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54. Zoophthalmum monospermum Prain
MSS.
ANDAMANS ; everywhere very common in the interior jungle.
3. Mocuna preticara Teysm. & Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bog. 261.
A large woody climber 30-40 feet long with slender glabrous branches.
Leaves 9-12 in. long; leaflets 3, chartaceous dull green, glabrous on both
surfaces ovate-oblong, cuspidate, base rounded—of lateral leaflets obliquely,
6-8 in, long, 5 in. across, petiole glabrous 4-6 in. long, petiolules ‘25 in.
stipels subulate -15 in. long; stipules linear -2 in.; pulvinus swollen
puberulous. Inflorescence corymbose axillary 2 in. long; peduncle rusty-
pubescent arising from an axillary node, its neck surrounded by a num-
ber of small triangular acute scaly bracts -15 in. long emitting at once
1-4 3-6-fld. branches 1-5 in. long, main rachis corymbosely branched or
simple 15-18-fld., bracts at base of pedicels small triangular immediately
deciduous ; pedicels ‘2 in. long; bracteoles at base of calyx ‘2 in. long,
oblong much shorter than buds. Calya greenish-brown densely covered
with deciduous pungent bristles, 35 in. long, tube wide-campanulate, teeth
extremely short. Corolla dark-purple 1:75 in. long; keel abruptly in
flexed at tip, wings 1:25 in. long, standard -75 in. wide. Pod hardly
stipitate 35 in. long 1°75 in. wide; plaits oblique very close-set their
a
;
,
!
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 67
edges double with reflexed margins, covered with close pungent brown
bristly pubescence ; marginal wings lobed between the plaits. M. atro-
purpurea Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II. 186 in part and as to the Malacca
plant only. M. anguina Scheff. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. XXXII. 4138 not of
Wall. Zoophthalmum biplicatum Prain MSS.
Manacoa; Maingay, 590. PErNnanc; Gapis Pass, Curtis 29894
Perak ; Ulu Kewanta, Scortechint 925 ! Sunga Ryah, etc. Kunstler $68
3915! 6805! 8330! Wray 3746! Distr. Sumatra (Forbes 2649 !)
Borneo. |
There are at Calcutta both flowering -and fruiting examples of Teysmann
and Binnendyk’s original species cultivated in the Buitenzorg garden; these are
identical in every detail with this, common Sumatra and Malay Peninsula plant.
The pods much resemble those of M. atropurpurea, to which it comes nearest and
with which it has been identified by Mr. Baker. But, besides the double edge to
the plaits on the pods, whence the name, the Malayan differs from the Indian
species in having larger leaflets, shorter inflorescences, a calyx with an almost
truncate mouth and a collar of scaly bracts at the neck of the peduncle similar to
but smaller than those that occur at the base of the peduncle in M. bracteata of the
subgenus Stizolobiwm.
§ Carvoprocon. Pods not plaited across their faces.
4. Mucuna acuminata Grah. in Wall. Cat.5621. Aslender creeper
20-30 feet long with sparingly adpressed-puberulous branches. Leaves
6-10 in. long; leaflets 3, membranous dull green glabrous above
sparingly puberulous especially on the nerves beneath, ovate-oblong
rather abruptly acuminate, base rounded or subtruncate—of lateral
leaflets obliquely, 2°5-4 in. long 2-35 in. wide, petiole glabrous, 4-6 in,
long; petiolules *25 in. adpressed-puberulous ; stipels subulate ‘15 in.
long, stipules linear *2 in. Inflorescence when young in strobilate heads,
corymbose, axillary, 2-3 in. long, peduncle grey-pubescent arising from
an axillary node, its neck with a collar of small triangular acute scaly
practs ‘15 in. long emitting at once 1-4 A-8-fid. usually bifurcate
branches; bracts at base of pedicels deciduous large boat-shaped
externally finely grey-pubescent, °75 in. long, °5 in. wide; pedicels grey-
pubescent at length -4—6 in., bracteoles at base of calyx *3 in. long,
deciduous, lanceolate, as long as buds. Calyx glossy pale-brown densely
covered with deciduous pungent bristles, 5 in. long, tube wide campa-
nulate twice as long as unequal teeth ; upper tooth truncate, lateral wide-
deltoid, lower linear longer than the others. Corolla 1°75-2 in. long,
keel not abruptly inflexed at tip; wings as long as keel and twice as
long as the standard “7 in. wide. Pod not quite ripe, 3 in. long, 1°5 in.
across, broadly winged down both sutures but not plaited on the faces,
copiously clothed especially along the wings with deciduous yellow-
brown irritating bristles; seeds 38. Zoophthalmum acuminatuny Prain
MS8.
68 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1, —
Prnanc; Wallich (Cat. n. 5621)! Purax; Kinta, Kunstler 7038!
Sivearore; Chan Chu Kang, Ridley 2075! Disrris. Java (Forbes n.
493 !) ,
5. Mucuna eicanrea DC. Prodr. II, 405. A long very slender
climber sometimes reaching 250 feet! with slender glabrous branches.
Leaves 5-9 in. long ; leaflets 3, subcoriaceous dark green, dull, glabrous
on both surfaces; oblong cuspidate, base of terminal cuneate of lateral
obliquely rounded, 4-5 in. long, 2°) in wide, petiole glabrous 5 in. long;
stipels subulate ‘15 in,, stipules linear “*2in. long. Inflorescence a pendulous
umbelliform corymb terminating a slender glabrous peduncle 4-18 in.
long and bearing near its apex usually 3 sometimes 5-7 small projecting
puberulous nodes each emitting 3-5 slender readily disarticulating grey-
pubescent pedicels °75 in. long; bracts and bracteoles both minute and
very early deciduous. Calyx ‘5 in. long green with a few pungent.
bristles, tube rather cylindric ‘o in. across, teeth all very short the upper
wide subtruncate, the other three in bud shortly triangular at length
obsolete. Corolla sickly greenish-yellow or white 1:25-1°5 in. long, keel
not abruptly inflexed at tip; wings 1-1°25 in., standard ‘75 in. long ‘6 in.
wide. Pod broadly winged down both sutures faces smooth or with
oblique cross ridges but never distinct plaits; 3°5-6 in. long, 2 in. across,
clothed with deciduous yellow-brown irritating bristles; seeds 2-4,
Wall. Cat. 5619; W. & A. Prodr. 254; Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. IT,
351, Suppl. t. 14; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 213; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 186. M. corymbosa Grah. in. Wall. Cat. 5622. Dolichos giganteus
Willd. Sp. Pl. IIT, 1041. Carpopogon giganteum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54;
Flor. Ind. III, 286. Stizolobium gigantewum Kuntze Rev. Gen. Plant. I,
208. Zoophthalmum giganteum Prain MSS.
ANDAMANS; Coco Group, Prain! Middle Andaman, Kurz! South
Andaman, Inebig! Kurz! Man! Little Andaman, Prain ! always close to
salt-water creeks or in Mangrove-swamps. Narcondam, near sea beach,
Prain! Perak; Scortechini! Panana; FRedley 1227! Distris. A littoral]
species on Indian, Indo-Chinese, Malayan and Polynesian Coasts.
Suseen. 2. Srizotopium. Annual climbers; seeds ovoid with a
small lateral hilum.
6. Mucona prurtens DC. Prodr. II, 405. A slender annual climb-
er with adpressed-pubescent branches at length glabrescent. Leaves
6-9 in. long ; leaflets 8, membranous ovate-rhomboid, green glabrescent
above grey-silky and lustrous beneath, the lateral pair very oblique
truncate at base, all 3-5 in. long 2-3 in. wide; petioles 25-45 in. long,
adpressed silky, petiolules *2 in. long, stipels "15 in. long subulate,
stipules lanceolate *2 in. long. Inflorescence of short-peduncled racemes
varying from 1 in, to 1 foot in length and from 3-80-fld., drooping, rachis
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 69
finely silky, pedicels short ‘15-25 in. usually solitary from lateral pro-
jecting nodes; bracts ‘5 and bracteoles *3 in. lanceolate, grey-silky,
lustrous. Calyz ‘4 in. long with a few pungent bristles, tube campanu-
late hardly as long as the lower lanceolate tooth and equalling the
lateral lanceolate and upper triangular tooth. Corolla purple 1:25-1°5
in. long; keel slightly incurved, wings nearly as long, standard °6 in.
long and about as broad. Pod 2-3 in. long ‘5 in. wide, turgid, ridged
longitudinally, recurved in the lower half and abruptly hooked at the tip;
clothed with dense, intensely pungent subpersistent bristles at first dark
purplish brown at length steel grey to pale rusty-brown; seeds 5-6.
Wall. Cat. 5616; Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. II, Suppl. t. 13.; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 187. M. prurita Hook. Bot. Misc. II, 348;
W.& A. Prodr. 255; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 21]. M. utilis Wall. ex
Wight Ic. t. 280. Dolichos pruriens Linn. Syst. Hd. X, 1162. Stizolo-
bium pruriens Pers, Synops. II, 299; Kuntze Rev. Gen. Plant. I, 208,
Carpopogon pruriens Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. ITI, 283.
. ANDAMANS :. Great Coco, near N. Andaman, common, Prain ! Perax;
Kampong Kota, Wray 3326! Distris. Throughout the tropics,
20. SrroneyLopon Vogel.
Twining herbs, with firm stems and with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves
Flowers in long lax racemes. Caly# campanulate, gibbous; teeth short,
obtuse, imbricated. Corolla much exserted; standard lanceolate, re-
curved ; wings obtuse, more than a third as long; keel curved, as long
as the standard, narrowed into a long beak. Stamens diadelphous
anthers uniform, Ovary stalked, few-ovuled, style filiform beardless ;
stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid. Seeds as large as a bean, with a
hilum running more than half round. Species 3, Polynesian.
STRONGYLODON RUBER Vogel, Linnea X, 585. An extensive climber
with quite glabrous thin hollow but firm stems. Leaves 8 in. long,
petioles 2 in. long glabrous; leaflets 3, bright green, glabrous on both
surfaces membranous shining above, ovate, shortly bluntly cuspidate
subequal, 4 in. long 2°5 in, wide, terminal rounded at base with petiolule
1 in., lateral obliquely cuneate at base with short petiolules; 3-nerved
at base, central nerve with 2-3 pairs of arching lateral nerves all visible
beneath ; stipels lanceolate membranous ‘15 in. long, stipules triangular
-25 in. long membranous. Inflorescence in copious axillary racemes with
peduncles 4-6 in. long of 30-40 1-3 fid. fascicles of pedicellate flowers
arising from small produced nodes with obsolete bracts; pedicels slender
spreading, ‘5-75 in. long. Calyx glabrous 3 in. long tubular ; teeth very
short rounded; 2-bracteolate at base, bracteoles caducous. Corolla
bright-red 1 in. long, standard lanceolate acute, the short obtuse wings
70 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,
intimately attached to lamina of narrowly-lanceolate curved keel. Pod
oblong 3 in. long, obliquely pointed, distinctly stalked, 2 seeded. Walp.
Ann. [V, 559; A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Explor. Exped. 446 t. 48; Thwaites
Enum. 89; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 191. BRhynchosia lucida DC.
Prodr. IT, 389.
Anpamans; comizion, Prain! King’s Collectors! Distr1B. Ceylon;
Polynesia.
21. Eryturina Linn.
Trees with prickly branches. Flowers large, coral-red, in dense
racemes, produced usually before the development of the Jarge constantly
3-foliolate leaves. Ca‘yx oblique, spathaceous, finally slitting down to the
base or campanulate-bilabiate. Petals very unequal; standard always
much exserted and considerably exceeding the keel and wings. Upper
stamen free down nearly to the base or connate with the others half
way up the filaments; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ;
style incurved, beardless; stigma capitate. Pod linear, fertile turgid
and torulose throughout, or flat and seedless below. Species 25-30,
principally tropical, in both the New World and the Old, and at the
Cape.
Pods turgid and seed-bearing throughout their length;
stipels replaced by ovate-glands as long as broad; seeds
with a very large oval hilum :—
Calyx spathaceons, oblique not at all 2-lipped, splitting
to the base down the back (§ Stenotropis); leaflets
membranous subreniform or triangular, green on both
surfaces; flowers narrow, standard entire at apex ... 1. 4H. indica.
Calyx campanulate, somewhat 2-lipped, not splitting to
the base (§ Micropteryx); leaflets subcoriaceous ovate-
oblong, glaucous beneath; flowers broad, standard
emarginate es yas = :
Pods flat, seedless and indehiscent in their lower half
(§ Hypaphorus); stipels replaced by oblong glands
longer than broad; seeds with a small hilum; (calyx
somewhat 2-lipped; leaves membranous ovate-acute,
green on both surfaces; flowers narrow, standard entire
2. E. ovalifolia.
mhlap)..* is vt ae as .. & EH, lithosperma.
Suscen. 1. Srenorropis Hassk. Calya spathaceous, oblique not at
all 2-lipped, finally split to the base down the back. Pod turgid and
seed-bearing throughout.
1, Eryrarina inpicA Lamk Encyc. Meth. II, 391. A tree 60 feet
high with thin grey bark, armed with minute conical dark-brown
prickles. Leaves 8-12 in. long; -petioles 4-6 in. long unarmed, when:
young densely brownish-grey puberulous when full-grown glabrescent
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 71
especially in the upper half; leaflets 3, membranous, uniformly bright
green, densely brownish-grey puberulous when young when full-grown
quite glabrous, terminal subreniform lateral pair slightly oblique
triangular, all subcuspidate at apex and subtruncate at base, 4-6 in. long,
terminal rather broader than, lateral hardly so broad as long ; petiolules
‘3-4 in. long; stipels represented by ovate glands ‘J in. diam. that
remain attached to the rachis on the fall of the leaflets ; stipules flaccid
lanceolate *4 in. long softly brown-puberulous early caducous. Inflores-
cence of dense racemes 4-6 in. long on stout spreading woody peduncles
3-4 in. long; flowers 1-3 in axils of small triangular puberulous
deciduous bracts, pedicels ‘25 in. long at first brown-puberulous with 2
subulate puberulous deciduous bracteoles ‘15 in. long at base of calyx.
Buds narrowly spindle-shaped slightly falcate puberulous. Calye 1-1:25
in. long, soon glabrescent, mouth very oblique splitting to the base
down the back the tip with 5 teeth of which 2 or casually 3 are narrow-
ly subulate ‘2 in. long much exceeding the others. Corolla bright-red
9-25 in. long, standard 1 in. wide, wings and free keel-petals subequal
about ‘5-°6 in. long. Ovary softly grey-puberulous 2 in. long, stalked.
Pod 6-12 in. long on a stalk “75-1 in. long, black glabrescent distinctly
torulose 6-8-seeded, usually the lowest and 1-3 of the uppermost seeds
abortive, valves ultimately irregularly shred, hardly distinctly dehiscent ;
seeds subreniform ‘6 in. long ‘4 in. wide testa warm-brown, hilum large
oval dark-grey with pale margin. DC. Prodr, II, 412; Roxb. Flor. Ind.
IlI, 249; Wall. Cat. 5963; W. & A. Prodr. 260; Wight, Ic. t. 58;
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 207; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 188, #,
spathacea Wall. Cat. 5965, fide Baker. LH. Corallodendrum Linn. Sp: Pl.
706, in part. H. cuneata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5967, fide Baker.
AnpAmaAns; on all the coasts common, Kurz! Prain! Nicopars;
common behind the sea beaches, King’s Collectors! Prrax; Scortechini !
Mauacca; fide Baker in Flora of British India. DistR1B. Sea-shores of
S.-E. Asia, from the Sunderbuns to the Malay Archipelago and
Polynesia.
This, as a wild species, is purely littoral; where it occurs inland it has cer-
tainly been planted.
Mr. Baker refers here #. cuneata Grah. which the writer has not seen; also
' #. spathacea Wall. Cat. 5965. What Wallich’s 5965 B. & C. (which were doubtfully
identified with 5965 A) may have been, it is difficult to say; they were Himalayan
plants and are not at Calcutta. But the Calcutta example of 5965 A is not named
E. spathacea as in the Lith. Cat., but is named #, stricta; the specimen belongs
moreover to EL. stricta and not to H. indica.
Supcen. 2. Muicropreryx Walp. Calyx campanulate, more or less
distinctly 2-lipped, but not splitting down to the base. Pod turgid and
seed-bearing throughout.
72 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
2. ERYTHRINA OVALIFOLIA Roxb. Hort, Beng. 53. A tree 30-40
feet high with spreading branches, bark grey, stem 1°5-2 feet diam.,
armed with thick-based dark-brown prickles. Leaves 8-12 in. long ;
petioles 4-5 in. long sparsely prickly, when yourg very sparingly
puberulous, when full grown quite glabrous; leaflets 3 subcoriaceous
deep green above glaucous beneath quite glabrous on both surfaces,
terminal ovate or ovate-oblong 4-6 in. long 2°5-3°'5 in. across, lateral
pair similar but rather smaller, base rounded or wide-cuneate apex
obtuse or subacute ; petiolules 25 in. long ; stipels represented by ovate
persistent glands ‘1 in. in diam.; stipules membranous orbicular deci-
duous ‘15 in. across. Inflorescence in lax 8—20-fld. racemes 3-6 in. long
on stout spreading peduncles 5-8 in. long; flower 1-3 in axils of small
broadly ovate deciduous puberulous bracts; pedicels puberulous ‘3 in.
long with similar but smaller bracteoles at base of calyx. Buds narrow-
ly ovate, puberulous. Calyx ‘5 in. long, ‘6 in. wide deeply 2-lobed.
Corolla 2 in. long dark velvety-brown with deep scarlet tinge, standard
15 in. wide emarginate, wings 75 in., keel-petals coherent 1 in. long.
Ovary softly grey-puberulous, stalked. Pod 6-8 in. long 6-8-seeded on
a stalk ‘5 in. long, pale-brown puberulous, valves more distinctly dehis-
cing by the sutures; seeds subreniform ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in. wide, testa
brown, hilum large oval. Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 254; Wall. Cat. 5961 ;
Wight Ic. t. 247; Benth. Pl. Jungh. 237; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 207;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II. 189. J. holosericea Kurz, Journ. As. Sos.
Beng. XLII, pt. 2, 69 as to flowers. Duchassaingia ovalifolia Walp. in
Linnea XXIII, 742.
Perak; Kinta, Kunstler 7215! Matacca; Maingay 528! Dis-
TRIB. S.-H. Asia, from Assam and Bengal to the Malay Archipelago
and Polynesia.
Mr. Kurz’s Erythrina holosericea (Corallodendron holosericeum O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. Pl. I, 172) is a spurious species manufactured by combining in one diagnosis a
description of the flowers of EH. ovalifolia and of the leaves of EH. lithosperma ;
the mélange had been sent to Herb. Calcutta by an officer of the Indian Forest
Department under the idea that it came from one tree. The citation of this
species by Kuntze (loc. cit.) while that author is taking the opportunity to
(as the writer thinks) unnecessarily restore an obsolete generic name, might lead to
the conclusion that Kuntze had made an effort to verify the validity of the
Kurzian species, as to the existence of which Mr. Baker had already expressed a
doubt (Flora of British India II, 190). It is obvious, however, that Kuntze has
done nothing of the kind and it would seem from this citation that the object of
much of the bouleversement effected by priority-hunting ‘ botanists” is less the
restoration of generic names that have been improperly suppressed than a search
for opportunities of posing as the authorities for species of whose characters they
are ignorant.
In the Herbarium of Mr. Curtis, of the Penang Forest Department, is a solitary
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 73
specimen of an EHrythrina belonging to this section, collected in Langkawi. The
flowers are precisely those of H. suberosa,a glabrous form of which is common in
Burma and Tenasserim; it may, therefore, well belong to that species. But the
solitary branchlet is densely prickly whereas it is a feature of both the tomentose
Indian and the glabrous Indo-Chinese form of H. suberosa to have almost unarmed
branchlets. As moreover, Mr. Curtis’ specimen is without leaves, the writer cannot
on its authority alone, formally include Z. suberosa among the Malayan species.
Suscen. 3. Hyparnorus Hassk. Calyx campanulate more or less
distinctly 2-lipped, but not splitting down to the base. Pod flat seed-
less and indehiscent below, 1-3-seeded towards upper half.
3, ERyrHRiva LITHOSsPERMA Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 209 not of Blume. .
A tree 40-60 feet high with spreading branches, bark white, stem 2 feet in
diam., armed with strong prickles. Leaves 10-12 in. long; petioles 4-5 in.
long with a few prickles or unarmed, when young brownish-grey
puberulous soon glabrous; leaflets 3 membranous uniformly bright
green densely brownish-grey puberulous when young soon quite glabrous,
triangular-ovate cuspidate at apex, terminal wide-cuneate at base 4-6 in,
long 3-4 across, lateral pair rounded at base rather smaller; petiolules
*3 in. long; stipels represented by oblong glands ‘15 in. long ‘1 in.
across ; stipules deciduous shortly ovate-acute flaccid densely puberulous.
Inflorescence in short rather dense racemes 3-4 in. long on stout spreading
woody peduncles 5-8 in. long, flowers 1-3 in axils of minute ovate-
acute bracts; pedicels °2 in. long puberulous, minutely bracteolate at
base of calyx. Buds puberulous ovate. Calye ‘3 in. long, softly per-
sistently puberulous, equally 2-lipped. Corolla 15 in. long, standard
oblong obtuse, crimson or crimson with white stripes, wings and keel
*) in. long subequal. Ovary compressed faintly puberulous. Pod
glabrous pale-yellow, 4-8 in. long, 1:25 in. wide in the wing like com-
pressed seedless indehiscent lower half to two-thirds, °6 in wide in the
_ upper 1-8 seeded dehiscent portion ; seeds subreniform °75 in. long ‘4 in.
wide, testa almost black, hilum small elliptic pale. Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. IJ, 190. H. swmatrana Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 304; Kurz, As.
Soc. Beng. XLII, 2, 70. H. secundiflora Hassk. Pl. Jay. Rar. 378;
Benth. Pl. Jungh, 237 not of Brotero. . holosericea Kurz, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLII, 2, 69 as to leaves.
Penanc; Wallich! Perak; at Kinta, Kunstler! at Waterloo, Curtis
2982! Scortechini (a MSS. description only.) Singapore; Hullett !
Distris. Indo-China, from the Shan Plateau, to the Malay Archipelago.
Mr. Kurz, as Mr. Baker remarks, has pointed out that the present species is
Erythrina swmatrana Mig.; authentic examples of HZ. swmatrana in Herb. Calcutta,
show that this is the case. But the only difference between EF. suwmatrana Miq.
and E. lithosperma Bl. (ex Mig. in Flor. Ind. Bat.),—to which Mr. Baker has referred
the Indo-Chinese plant that agrees in every respect with the Sumatra and Perak one,—
alc tae LG
74 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [@No. },
is in the size of the pods; those of E. swmatrana are rather larger than those of E.
lithosperma. Both species are retained in the Index Kewensis but the writer
agrees with Mr. Baker in believing that they do not deserve to be treated even as
separate varieties. Kurz further states that E. lithosperma Blume ex Miq. in Flor.
Ind. Bat. is not the same as HL. lithosperma Bl. Cat. Bogor., which, according to
Kurz, was introduced to the Buitenzorg garden from Manritius. Koorders and
Valeton, in their valuable Java Herbarium, issue the common wild Java plant which
only differs from HE. swmatrana in having rather smaller pods, under the name
E. lithosperma ; they have however in every case named the plant H. lithosperma Miq.
not E. lithosperma Bl. In their Bydragen II, these authors explain that Blume’s
“ B. lithosperma”’ is only H. indica; this being the case the name #. lithosperma, but
on Miquel’s authority, not as that of Blume, is still available for the present species.
Here.again Kuntze’s pretentious Revisio fails to assist the serious student; Kuntze
claims the authorship of both, as Corallodendron lithospermum and ©. swmatranum
respectively, thus clearly indicating that he has failed to make himself acquainted
with the characters of either.
22. SpatHotosus Hassk.
Woody climbers, with 35-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers small
or middle-sized, in ample terminal panicles, extending into the-axils of
‘the upper leaves, the pedicels densely fascicled at the tumid nodes.
Calyx campanulate ; teeth lanceolate or oblong-deltoid, the upper two
connate. Corolla distinctly exserted, its petals subequal, the keel
obtuse, nearly straight. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary
sessile or stalked, 2-ovuled; style incurved, beardless, stigma capitate.
Pod flat, winglike, indehiscent, seedless below ; thick, 1-seeded, tardily
dehiscent at tip. Species 10, the others Malayan and one Tropical
African.
Leaflets not twice as long as broad, the terminal leaflets dis-
similar, rhomboid; (leaflets large 3 in. across manifestly
pubescent beneath, rachis prolonged beyond attachment of
lateral leaflets ; flowers blue or purple) :—
Leaflets puberulous above, uniformly tomentose beneath ;
flowers ‘25 in. long, distinctly pedicelled ee 1. 8. ferrugineus.
Leaflets glabrous above, tomentose only on the nerves
beneath ; flowers ‘15 in. long, very shortly pedicelled ... 2. S. gyrocarpus.
Leaflets a least twice as long as broad, all subsimilar
lanceolate or oblanceolate to ovate :—
Leaf-rachis hardly prolonged beyond the insertion of
lateral leaflets, leaflets large 3°5 in. across (sparsely pubes-
cent on the nerves beneath) tte 3. 8S. bracteolatus.
Leaf-rachis distinctly prolonged beyond bie caneatinn of
lateral leaflets, leaflets medium or small not more than 2
in. across :—
Petiolules and leaflets beneath finely adpressed puber-
ulous (stipels manifest flexuous) :—
Petiolules twice as long as stipels, flowers pink,
branches of panicle lax ; leaflets elliptic-acuminate.., 4. S, acwminatus.
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 795
Petiolules shorter than stipels, flowers white, bran-
ches of panicle strict, leafiets ovate-lanceolate acute 5. 8S, dubius.
Petiolules and leaflets beneath glabrous :—
Leaflets thickly coriaceous (oblong, stipels obscure
rigid) flowers purple, calyx densely rusty-pubescent... 6. 8. crassifolius.
Leaflets chartaceous, flowers white, calyx glabres-
cent or puberulous :—
Leaflets oblong, stipels obscure rigid, calyx glabres-
cent, branches of panicle strict ae . 4. 8. Maingayt.
Leaflets oblanceolale, stipels manifest flexnous,
calyx finely puberulous, branches of panicle lax ... 8. 8S. Ridleys.
1. SpaTHoLosus FeRRuGIneus Benth. Pl. Jungh. 233. A robust
woody climber 30-60 feet long with a stem 3-6 in. thick; branchlets
densely rusty-tomentose, brown beneath the tomentum, cylindric. Leaves
9 in. long; leaflets 5, coriaceous dull green puberulous above, every-
where rusty-pubescent beneath, terminal ovate apex obtuse base rounded,
5-6 in. long 3 in. across, lateral obliquely elliptic 4°5-5°5 in. long as wide
as terminal, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs ascending and midrib prominent
beneath, cross-nerves and fine reticulate venation very distinct ; petiole
3-4 in. long rusty-pubescent, petiolules ‘25 in. also densely rusty ; stipels
subulate small; stipules broad-based triangular ‘25 in. long, very densely
rusty, deciduous. Inflorescence 8-10 in. long, in lax axillary panicles
with stout densely rusty-pubescent somewhat flattened peduncles,
branches 4-6 in. long again paniculate the bracts at their bases triangu- |
lar subpersistent; pedicels distinct ‘2 in. long in fascicles’ of 2-5,
bracteoles shorter than buds. Calyx densely rusty-pubescent ‘2 in.
long, teeth deltoid shorter than tube subequal except the rounded slight-
ly emarginate upper. Corolla claret-coloured to dark-blue, ‘25 in. long,
standard oblong deeply notched. Pod 3-5 in. long, softly velvety,
semi-transparent except at the seed-bearing tip, *7 in wide below °3 in.
wide at seed-bearing apex. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 204. Drebbelia
ferruginea Zoll. in Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. ITI, 79.
PERAK ; very common at low elevations, Wray 1941! 2008! 2381!
3258! Scortechint 213! 1466! Kunstler 3566! 6862! 7904! Panane ;
Govt. Hill, King! Abrams! Curtis! Matacca; Maingay 530! Griffith!
Derry 1203.! Goodenough 1437! Stvearore ; Hullett 211! Ridley 3609!
Distais. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
From Singapore comes also a form collected twice by Mr. Ridley (n. 5578!
n. 6394!) with a close red-silky tomentum beneath. This bears to ordinary 8. ferrw-
gineus very much the relationship that Butea sericophylla Wall. bears to S. Roexburghii
(Butea parviflora) and it has not therefore been heré separated as a variety, though
it is certainly a very distinct “form” of 8S. ferrugineus. While very near S.
gyrocarpus this species is quite readily separable by its nearly always rather smaller
leaves; its always different tomentum ; its always larger flowers with much longer
pedicels, and its differently shaped more persistent bracts, The fruits are however;
R
76 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
exceedingly similar; but this is true also of 8. acuminatus, 8. riparius, 8. squamiger
and 8. Listeri, four species that have fruits hardly distinguishable from those of
S. gyrocarpus and 8. ferrugineus.
Judging from the field notes of Mr. Kunstler and from a manuscript description
written by Father Scortechini, 8. ferrugineus, though a large climber, rarely if ever
attains the dimensions of S. gyrocarpus, the next species. :
2. SpaTHoLopus ayrocarpus Benth. Pl. Jungh. 238. A robust
woody climber sometimes over 100-150 feet long with a stem 4-6 in.
thick ; branchlets closely shortly rusty-pubescent, black beneath the
tomentum, slightly angular. Leaves 12 in. long; leaflets 3 subcoriaceous
bright green and glabrous above rusty-pubescent on all veins and nerves
beneath, terminal obovate-rhomboid apex rounded with a short point
base cuneate, 5-6 in. long, 4°5—5 in. wide, lateral obliquely elliptic 5-6 in.
long 3:5-4 in. wide base obliquely rounded apex as in terminal; lateral
nerves 6-8 pairs ascending and midrib prominent beneath, cross-nerves
and fine reticulate venation very distinct; petiole 4-6 in. rusty puberu-
lous, petiolules ‘3 in. also rusty ; stipels subulate small; stipules broad-
based ovate-lanceolate *3 in. long very early deciduous, Inflorescence in
lax axillary panicles sometimes 12 in. long with stout somewhat flatten-
ed rusty-puberulous peduncles, branches 6-8 in. long again paniculate,
the bracts at their bases small lanceolate early deciduous ; pedicels very
short, bracteoles at base of calyx linear shorter than buds early deci-
duous. Calyx grey silky-pubescent -1 in. long, teeth deltoid shorter ©
than the tube subequal except the triangular slightly notched upper,
Corolla deep-claret to dark-blue, ‘15 im. long, standard wide-orbicular
deeply notched. Pod 3-5 in. long 1 in. wide below, seed-bearing tip
‘3 in, wide, softly velvety, semitransparent except at the seed-bearing
apex. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 193; Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. I, 204,
Butea gyrocarpa Wall. Cat. 5442.
PERAK; very common at low elevations, Kunstler 3181! 7770!
8182! 10390! 10458! Penane; Wallich 5442! Stolsczka! Duisrer.
Philippines.
This, though common, appears to be hardly so frequent as the last species which
it much resembles, especially as regards pods. The tomentum of this species is
however, less dense and less red than in S. ferrugineus and the flowers are about half
the size. This has never been sent to Calcutta from Malacca though S. ferrugineus
is very plentiful there.
3. SPATHOLOBUS BRACTEOLATUS Prain. A slender creeper 15-20 feet
long with sparsely rusty-pubescent branches. Leaves 10-12 in. long;
leaflets 3 ovate-acute or shortly acuminate, the tip slightly mucronate,
subcoriaceous glossy bright green on both surfaces very sparsely beset
with short rusty adpressed hairs, midrib beneath prominent more
densely adpressed-pubescent, lateral nerves ascending 8-9 pairs promi-
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 77
nent, cross-nerves distinct, terminal and lateral subequal subsimilar-
8-9 in. long, 3°5 in. across; petiole 2-25 in. long densely adpressed
rusty-pubescent, scarcely prolonged beyond attachment of lateral leaflets,
petiolules ‘3 in. long also densely rusty; stipels short subulate, stipules
‘25 in. long, deciduous, membranous, densely rusty, lanceolate ; leaves
towards ends of branches sometimes 1-foliolate. Inflorescence in termi-
nal and axillary panicles 1°5-2 ft. long, branches 3-4 in. long again
paniculate, with smaller sometimes 1-foliolate leaves at their bases, or
bractless ; pedicels very short, bracteoles at base of calyx lanceolate
‘2-25 in. long, longer than buds, early deciduous. Calyx pale-brown
pubescent, °15 in. long, lower teeth sublinear central longer than lateral
all shorter than calyx tube, upper lip triangular notched at apex. Corolla
shortly exserted small, colour not noted, standard orbicular- oblong
slightly retuse. Pod not seen.
Perak ; in dense jungle on Gunong Batu Pateh, at 3000-4000 feet,
Kunstler n. 8079!
This in externals more resembles S, Roxburghii than it does any other Malayan
species, and may possibly be the plant from Penang, noted by Mr. Baker as having
been confused by Dr. Wallich with 8. gyrocarpus under Cat. n. 5442; at Calcutta,
however, all the specimens of Cat. n. 5442 are genuine S. gyrocarpus. The present
plant was not identified with any species at Kew and in any case it is certainly not a
form of S. Rowburghii; it differs in having smaller flowers; narrower, relatively
longer bracteoles, and much longer stipules—the latter in S. Roxburghii are triangular
and though wider at the base are only ‘15 in. long. The stipels on the other hand
are small and obscure and the most striking difference between this plant and
8. Roxburghii, or indeed between it and any other species of Ypatholobus is that the
rachis of the leaf is so shortly prolonged beyond the attachment of the lateral pair
of leaflets that the leat is at times subdigitately 3-foliolate.
4, SPATHOLOBUS acumMINATUS Benth. Pl. Jungh. 238. A_ robust
climber with branches at first minutely downy soon glabrescent. Leaves
8-10 in. long ; leaflets 3, all oblong-cuspidate rounded at the base, 4-6
in. long, 15-2 in. across, subcoriaceous, pale green on both surfaces
glabrous above, under the lens very minutely and sparsely puberulous
beneath, midrib prominent beneath very sparsely shortly puberulous,
lateral nerves 8-10 pairs spreading very slender, fine reticulations
distinct but not prominent; petiole 2-4 in. long glabrescent, petiolules
‘2 in. adpressed puberulous ; stipels short subulate, stipules ovate-lanceo-
late °25 in. long ‘15 in. wide, very early deciduous. Inflorescence in short
axillary panicles 6-8 in. long, branches 1°5-2 in. long again paniculate ;
pedicels slender usually 2-3 together ‘2 in. long. Calya puberulous ‘15
in. long, teeth oblong obtuse half as long as tube the upper slightly
emarginate. Corolla ‘4 in. long, bright red (fide Baker ), standard orbi-
cular emarginate. Pod 3-5 in. long, softly velvety, semi-transparent
except at seed bearing tip, ‘7 in. wide below °3 in. wide at tip. Mig.
78 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 204; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 194. Sapindacea
Wall. Cat. 8082. Butea acuminata Wall. Cat. 5443.
Penane; Wallich 8082! ANnpamMans; common, King’s Collectors !
Distr. Martaban. .
The solitary Malayan specimen at Calcutta that appears referable to this species
is one issued by Dr. Wallich as Sapindacea sp. (Cat. n. 8082); this specimen is not
dealt with in the Flora of British India. So far as it goes it agrees better with
Dr. Wallich’s Martaban specimens of S. acuminatus (Cat. n. 5443) than it does with
any Malayan species of Spatholobus, to which genus it manifestly belongs; the
specimen is, however, only in very young flower. No one has met with it in Penang
since Dr. Wallich collected it.
Mr. Baker’s description of 8. acuminatus does not apply to Dr. Wallich’s Butea
acuminata in so far as the lengths of the panicles and of the pedicels are concerned.
His description would apply to Wall. Cat. 5907 (Pongamia rosea Grah.) which Mr.
Baker also includes here; Pongamia rosea certainly is a Spatholobus but is a species
very distinct from 8. acwminatus. There are not at Calcutta examples of Wail. Cat.
5908 or Wall. Cat. 9054; both are here excluded because Mr. Baker expresses a
doubt regarding both. The first may indeed prove to be the same as Spatholobus
riparius Prain; of the second nothing can be said because, in the Flora of British
India, it is referred not only to S. acuminatus, but also to Derris thyrsiflora.
The Andamans specimens are absolutely identical with Wallich’s original
specimens (Cat. 5443) from Martaban.
5. SpaTHOLOBUS DUBIUS Prain. A large climber 100-150 feet long,
stem 6-8 in. diam, with round adpressed-puberulous branches. Leaves
6-8 in. long; leaflets 3 ovate-acuminate base rounded the tip slightly
mucronate, coriaceous glossy bright green, glabrescent above adpressed-
puberulous beneath, lateral nerves ascending 8-9 pairs prominent
beneath, cross-nerves distinct; terminal 2-6 in. long 1'5-3 in. wide,
lateral subsimilar rather smaller; petioles 1°5 in. long puberulous,
petiolules ‘15 in. pubescent; stipels subulate *15—-2 in. long, stipules
lanceolate *2 in. deciduous; leaves towards ends of branches sometimes
\-foliolate. Inflorescence in terminal and axillary spreading panicles
the former sometimes 8 in. the latter 4 in. long, sometimes 2-3 from
same axil, Bracts lanceolate persistent adpressed-pubescent ‘15 in.
long equalling the pubescent solitary or fasciculate pedicels; bracteoles
minute. Caly« adpressed-pubescent, ‘12 in., campanulate, teeth short —
triangular except the 2-fid upper. Corolla ‘25 in. long, pure white,
standard orbicular retuse. Pod not seen.
Perak; Gunong Bubu, 800-1200 feet, Kunstler 7585! Prnane;
Govt. Hill, Curtis 2970! ;
A very distinct species apparently nearest to S. littoralis Hassk. from which it
differs in having the lower lip of calyx toothed and the leaves uniformly puberulous
beneath. The shortness of its petiolules, which are equalled and often exceeded in
length by the subulate stipels, renders the species easily distinguishable.
6. SPATHOLOBUS CRaAssiFoLIus Benth. Pl. Jungh. 238, Apparently
ee
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 79
a strong climber, branches at first rusty-pubescent at length glabrescent.
Leaves 8-10 in. long, all oblong-cuspidate, cuneate at the base, 4-6 in.
long 1°5-2 in. wide, thickly rigidly coriaceous, dark green and quite
glabrous on both surfaces midrib prominent beneath glabrous, lateral
nerves 6-7 pairs and secondary nervation very slightly raised ; petiole
2-4 in. long glabrous, petiolules *2 in. glabrescent ; stipels short subulate
often obscure, stipules lanceolate ‘2 in. long very early deciduous. In-
florescence of short axillary panicles 8-9 in. long, branches about 2 in.
long, again paniculate, peduncles rusty-pubescent with a few ovate-acute
deciduous leaf-scales at their base ; pedicels very short, rusty-pubescent.
Calyx densely rusty-velvety, ‘1 in. long, teeth all deltoid shorter than
the tube. Corolla ‘2 in. long, dark-purple, limb of standard much
broader than deep, deeply emarginate at apex subcordate at junction’
with claw. Pod not seen; when immature with a stalk ( fide Baker.)
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 194. Pongamia ? crassifolia Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5913.
Penang; Wallich! MDistrip. Silhet.
This is very distinct by reason of its leaves and (from Mr. Baker’s description)
on account of its stipitate pod. Dr. Wallich’s original specimens from Silhet and
Penang seem undoubtedly examples of one species ; strangely, it has not been sent
again to Calcutta from either locality.
7%. Sparnotopus Maineayt Prain. A large climber with glabrous
branches. Leaves 4-5 in. long; leaflets 5 ovate-acute base rounded tip
slightly mucronulate, thickly coriaceous glabrous on both surfaces, lateral
nerves ascending 5-6 pairs slightly prominent beneath cross-nervation
distinct but not prominent; terminal 3 in. long 1°75 in. wide; lateral
rather smaller; petiole 2 in. glabrous, petiolules °25 in. quite glabrous ;
stipels subulate ‘1 in. long, stipules ovate ‘1 in. long, deciduous.
Inflorescence in terminal and axillary panicles 6-8 in. long. Bracts
minute subulate persistent puberulous, as are the rachis and pedicels
shorter than calyx; bracteoles very minute. Calyx adpressed-puberulous
‘12 in. long, campanulate, teeth all short rounded. Corolla white ‘25 in.
long, the standard orbicular deeply emarginate. Ovary hirsute 2-ovuled.
Maracoa; Maingay 611! Perax; Kunstler 3535! 4652! 6906!
10428! Scortechini 206! 1537! Sincarore; Ridley !
This evidently quite common species has never yet been reported in fruit. It
appears from a note in Herb. Calcutta that Mr. Kurz had supposed it might be the
same as S. macropterus Miq.; the flowers, however, differ slightly and, in their vena-
tion, the leaves of the two species differ markedly. Father Scortechini on the other
hand thought when he collected it that this might be Derris (Aganope) macrophylla, a
reasonable supposition in the absence of fruit since the flowers of Spatholobus are
very like the flowers of Aganope and since the obscureness, and indeed at times
apparently total absence, of stipels from the leaves of this species leads to their being
80 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1
easily overlooked. There are, however, very few specimens without stipels on some
of their leaves and the writer has therefore followed Mr. Kurz in referring the
plant to Spatholobus. The matter cannot, however, be conclusively settled till pods
are Obtained and examined. The only other species with equally obscure stipels is
8. crassifolius, of which, however, Mr. Baker has seen immature fruit. °
8. Searnontosus Ripteyr Prain. A climber with glabrous slightly-
angled branches. Leaves 6 in. long; leaflets 3 subequal oblanceolate
apex acuminate tip mucronulate base cuneate, papery quite glabrous on
both surfaces, 3-3°5 in. long 1-1'25 in. wide; petiole glabrous 1°5 in.
long, petiolules glabrous ‘2 in. long; stipels small rigid subulate, often
very obscure; stipules lanceolate ‘25 in. long subrigid parallel-veined.
Inflorescence in axillary racemes 3 in. long 1 in. wide, bracts and brac-
teoles minute deciduous. Calyx ‘12 in. campanulate adpressed-pubescent,
upper tooth truncate the others rounded half as long as tube, pedicels °2
in. long, adpressed-puberulous. Corolla ‘25 in., white, standard orbicular,
limb slightly auriculate, apex retuse. Pod 4 in. long, 1 in. wide below,
seed-bearing tip ‘4 in, across; sparsely puberulous, reticulate-veined,
semitransparent except at apex.
SrinGaPoreE ; Fidley 6401 !
A very distinct species though nearest to S. macropterus Miq.
23. InpigoreRA Linn,
Herbs or shrubs more or less densely clothed with adpressed hairs,
with (in Malayan species) compound odd-pinnate leaves. Flowers small
in copious axillary racemes. Calyx minute campanulate ; teeth 5, sub-
equal or the lower longest. Corolla caducous, standard obovate; keel
straight, not beaked, laterally spurred near base. Stamens diadelphous,
anthers uniform apiculate. Ovary sessile many-ovuled; style short
incurved, stigma capitate penicillate. Pod linear-cylindric several-seed-
ed. Species about 250; in all tropical regions and in temperate South
Africa.
The genus is hardly a Malayan one; the above definition applies, as to foliage,
only to the species that occur in the Malay Peninsula.
Herbaceons; stems densely pubescent; pod short straight
pubescent nee Fae nas -. Ll. J. hare:
Shrubby ; stems faintly hoary; pod apenit —
Calyx deeply cleft, about half as long as corolla; pods
reflexed :—
Leaflets ovate-acute ; racemes dense, pods short much
recurved ; an ey ee
Leaflets obovate- sidhios racemes isa, pods longer straight
or only slightly recurved at the tip .. 93. I. tinctoria,
Calyx shortly toothed, hardly } as long as anally pods
ascending, ade a bs .. 4 I, galegioides.
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81
l. Inpigorera uirsuta Linn. Sp. Pl. 751. An annual or bien-
nial suberect herb 1-3 or 4 feet high; stem densely covered with
soft short spreading grey or brown pubescence. Leaves 2-5 in. long,
short-petioled ; leaflets terminal and in 2-5 opposite pairs, obovate 1-2
in. long, membranous greyish-green above, glaucous beneath, densely
coated with adpressed hairs; stipules setaceous, plumose. Hacemes 2-6
in. long, short-peduncled, very dense-fld. Calyaz densely pubescent,
"15 in. long; teeth setaceous plumose; tube very short. Corolla ‘2 in.
long, little exserted, purple or red. Pod ‘5-7 in long, straight, densely
covered with spreading grey pubescence, 6-S seeded. DOC. Prodr. IT, 228 ;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. ITI, 376 ; Jacq. Ic. I, 569 ; Wall. Cat. 5450 ; Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. t. 24; W.& A. Prodr.I, 204; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I. 304; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. I], 98. I. ferruginea Schum. & Thonn. Pl. Guin. 370.
Pawana; Ridley! Prenana; Curtis! Matacca; Ridley! Srycapore ;
Hullett! Disrris. Tropics generally.
2. Inpicorera Anin Linn. Mantiss. 272. A shrub 4-6 feet high
with twiggy woody thinly silvery branches. Leaves 2-3 in. long,
petioles ‘5-1 in.; leaflets terminal and in 5-8 opposite pairs, ovate-acute
‘d-1 in. long, membranous, green; stipules subulate. Racemes 1-2 in.
long, dense-fid., nearly sessile. Calyx ‘04 in. silvery, teeth acute as long
as tube. Oorolla purple *15—2 in., distinctly exserted. Pods -4—6 in.
long ‘1 in. thick glabrescent retro-falcate 4—6-seeded. Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 307. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 99. I. tinctoria var. Anil Kurz
Journ. As. Soc, XLV, pt. 2, 269 excl. all syn.
AnpAMANS; Port Blair, not uncommon. A native of America but
not uncommon in cultivation and as an introduced escape or weed in the
Old World. This is apparently much commoner in Indo-China than it
is in India; it is frequently mistaken for Indigofera coerulea Roxb.
which however appears to be exclusively an Indian plant.
3. InpIGOFERA TINCTORIA Linn. Sp. Pl. 751. A shrub 4-6 feet
high with twiggy woody thinly silvery branches. Leaves 1-2 in. long,
petioles ‘5-1 in.; leaflets terminal and in 4-6 opposite pairs, obovate-
oblong, ‘5-1 in. long membranous, green; stipules subulate. Racemes
2-4 in. long, lax-fid. nearly sessile. Calyx ‘04 in., silvery, teeth acute
as long as tube. Corolla reddish-yellow ‘15-2 in., distinctly exserted.
Pods *7-1 in. long ‘1 in thick, glabrescent straight, or slightly recurved
towards tip, 8-12-seeded. DC. Prodr. II, 224 (var.a. only); Roxb.
Flor. Ind. III, 379; Wall. Cat.5474; W.& A. Prodr.I, 202; Wight, Icon.
+. 365; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 306; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. Il, 99. I. indica
Lamk, Encye. Meth. ITT, 245. I. sumatrana Geertn. Fruct. IT, 317, t. 148.
Penanc; cultivated, Curtis! Marnacca; Griffith! Panexore; Scorte-
chint! Panane; “growing near Sultan’s tomb,’ Ridley! Srncapore;
a, Et De
82 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,
Ridley! <A native apparently of the Old World; often cultivated and
occasionally occuring as an escape. |
4, InpIGoFERA GALEGIOIDES DC. Prodr. II, 225. A tall shrub,
reaching 8 feet high, with twiggy woody branches at first adpressed-
pubescent at length glabrescent. Leaves distinctly petioled, 8-12 in.
long; petioles *5-2 in.; leaflets terminal and in 6-12 lateral pairs,
oblong obtuse, of varying size generally ‘5 in. long by ‘3 in. across but
sometimes 1-2 in. long, membranous, green above glaucescent beneath
very obscurely adpressed hirsute; stipules distinct, stipels minute.
Racemes 2-3:in, long, short-peduncled, very dense-fld. Calyx ‘04 in. long,
hoary, teeth very short, deltoid. Corolla pale-red *4—"5 in., finely canes-
cent externally. Pods glabrous 2°5-3 in. long, cylindric, straight, beaked,
15-18-seeded. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 310; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
100. JI. wncinata Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 382; Wall. Cat. 5472. I. Finlay-
soniana Wall. Cat. 5488.
Matay Peninsuta; Perak; Kunstler, 316! Malacca, Griffith! Lang-
kawi, Curtis, 2865! Distris, Ceylon; Indo-China; 8. China; Philip-
pines; Malay Archipelago.
Very easily distinguished from other species by the fact that its pods instead
of spreading or being reflexed, are fastigiately grouped with their apices pointing
in the direction of the apex of the peduncle. It is often planted for ornament and
is perhaps not really native in Malaya.
24. SESBANTA Pers.
Soft-wooded shrubs or trees with long, very narrow abruptly * pin-
nate leaves with very numerous deciduous linear-oblong obtuse mucronate
leaflets. Flowers in axillary racemes. Calyx campanulate shallowly 2-
lobed or 5-toothed. Corolla much exserted; petals all with long claws;
standard broad keel straight and obtuse or subrostrate and recurved.
Stamens 2-adelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary stipitate, linear, many-
ovuled; style filiform, incurved glabrous; stigma eapitate. Pod very
long and narrow, dehiscent; septate between the very many seeds.
Species about 40, cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Flowers small, bud straight (§ Husesbania); annual shrubs :—
Pod twisted pendulous; stems thick pith-like; flowers ‘75
in long wes A 8 .. lL. &. paludosa,”
Pod not twisted ite Sotndiag’ stems et, very
slender; flowers ‘4 in. long . 2, 8. cannabina,
Flowers large, bud falcately recurved (8 mpuetyys a fies .. 3&8 8&8. grandiflora.
1. Sespanra PaAtuDOsa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56 (swh Aeschynomene),.
A large tree-like herb with annual stems reaching 12 feet in height,
* By an unfortunate oversight this character is not made prominent in the Keys
to the tribes and genera, p. 22 and p. 33.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83
2 in. in diam. full of white soft pith, quite unarmed as are the leaf
rachises. Leaves 4-12 in. long, sessile, leaflets 10-30 pairs dark-green
sparingly hirsute above. Racemes drooping 8-12-fld., 4-5 in. long equal-
ling or slightly exeeeding the leaves in whose axils they arise. Flowers
yellow the standard externally dotted with small purple spots ‘75 in.
long. Pods 10-12 in. long flexible with strong not indented sutures
always pendulous and always twisted. 8S. grandiflora Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 288, not of Pers. &. cochinchinensis Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
XLY, 2, 271, not of DC 8. punctuta Benth. MSS. in Herb. Kew, not
of DC. S. aculeata var. paludosa Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 115 (in part
only and excluding the syn, Aeschynomene wliginosa). Aeschynomene
paludosa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. II, 333, not §. paludosa Jacq.
Kepaw; open marshy ground near rice-fields, Awnstler 1712!
Disrris. Bengal; Burma; China; Java.
Roxburgh, who knew the Bengal Sesbanias well, has left of most of them,
under the name of Aeschynomene, unmistakeable descriptions and figures which
subsequent Indian botanists have for some reason treated with little consideration.
A careful examination of living plants shows, however, that Roxburgh’s treatment of
the forms is probably accurate, and his views of the limitation of the species are
certainly preferable to any that have since been proposed.
The present species is the familiar Kathsola (as opposed to the true Sola which
is Aeschynomene aspera), so common in marshes throughout the Gangetic Delta.
Though recognised as distinct by Prof. Miquel, that author unfortunately has
used a specific name that is pre-occupied in the genus. Mr. Kurz thought it might
be Coronilla cochinchinensis Lour. but that species has erect torulose pods and the
identification is therefore impossible. Mr. Bentham has suggested its being Sesbania
punctata but the pods and the stem structure forbid this identification also. As
Sesbania paludosa Jacq. is not this species but is Roxburgh’s Aeschynomene ulrginosa
it seems best to conserve Roxburgh’s specific epithet paludosa for the very distinct
plant to which he originally applied it.
Dr. Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Plant. I, 181) would reduce this to Sesbania egyptiaca !
an excellent instance of the unscientific use of the imagination.
2. SESBANIA CANNABINA Pers. Synops. II, 316. A tall and slender
unarmed woody herb, stems reaching 20 feet in height without exceeding
‘din. in diam. at base. Leaves 2-3 in. long, sessile ; leaflets 8-20 pairs,
glabrous, very dark green. Jacemes short (under 1 in.) but distinctly
peduncled, 2-4-fld.; flowers yellow, the standard externally closely
purple-streaked, ‘4 in. long. Pods very often solitary rarely more than
2, spreading or pendulous rarely erect, 4-8 in. long; sutures. stout
straight, valves not depressed between the seeds. DC. Prodr. II, 265;
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1], 286, excluding syn. S. cannabina W. & A.
S. affinis Schrad. in DC. Prodr. II, 265. S. polyphylla Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
II, 288. 8S. aculeata vAR. cannabina Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 115.
Aeschynomene cannabina Retz. Obs. V, 26; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IIT, 335.
84 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Tone@KxaH ; Curtis’ Collector 2861! Duisrris. Lower Bengal, com-
monly cultivated ; Lower Burma; Java.
This species has, like the last, been much misunderstood. It is the familiar
Dunchi plant of Bengal, where it is widely cultivated ; toa slight extent on account
of its fibre which, being more resistent to water than other kinds is employed in
making fishing nets and lines; to a greater extent for its long lithe stems
that are used as the wattles of which are constructed the walls of the houses in
which Piper Betle is grown in Bengal. Probably this is an introduced plant in
Malay countries.
3. SESBANIA.GRANDIFLORA Pers. Synops. II, 316. A soft-wooded
tree 20-30 feet high and 8-10 in. in diam. at base, with virgate terete
branches. Leaves 6-12 in. long, leaflets 16-30 pairs, lmear-oblong
glabrous, pale-green. acemes short (1 in. long), 2-4-fid., but distinctly
peduncled ; flowers white or pink. Calyz ‘8 in. deep, glabrous, shallowly
2-lobed. . Corolla 3-3°5 in. long. Pods up to 20 in. long, falcate or
straight, firm, sutures thick straight, valves slightly depressed between
the seeds. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 115. Agati grandiflora Desv.
Journ. Bot. I, 120, t. 4; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 289.
Perak; Thaipeng, Scortechini 525! Sincarore; Kunstler 1147!
Hullett 819! Dustrr. Mascarene Islands to N. Australia, usually
planted.
The Agati tree, which is very doubtfully native either in India or Malaya, is
often grown as a support for Pepper-vines in Southern India. In Northern India
it is chiefly planted for the sake of its showy flowers.
25. 'TerpHROSIA Pers.
Herbs or undershrubs with compound odd-pinnate or, rarely, simple
leaves; the leaflets opposite, subcoriaceous. Flowers in terminal and
leaf-opposed racemes. Calyx campanulate with distinct subequal teeth.
Corolla much exserted, petals clawed, standard suborbicular; keel
incurved, not beaked. Stamens diadelphous, anthers uniform, obtuse.
Ovary sessile, linear, many-ovuled ; style much incurved, flattened or
filiform, silky or glabrous; stigma capitate often penicillate. Pod
linear flattened, many-seeded, 2-valved, continuous or obscurely septate
between the seeds. Species about 100, in all tropical regions.
The above definition applies only to the species of the Malay Peninsula.
An undershrub ; calyx-teeth short, deltoid aie .. 1. T. candida.
Herbs ; calyx-teeth narrow cuspidate as long as the tube :—
Pods glabrescent san ee sty 2. T. purpurea.
Pods clothed with persistent brownish silky hairs ... 98 TT. Hookertana.
1. TerparRosta cANDIDA DC. Prodr. II, 249. A low shrub, 4-6 feet
high, with slender woody grooved branches clothed with brown or grey
1897.; G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85
persistent velvety pubescence. Leaves short-petioled 6-9 in. long;
leaflets terminal and in 9-12 opposite pairs, ligulate, acute, 1-5-2 in.
long, green and glabrous above, grey and thinly silky beneath; stipules
setaceous, ascending. Jtacemes copious, terminal and lateral, 6-9 in.
long, lower flowers fasciculate ; pedicels *25—"4 in., silky. Calyx densely
silky, ‘2-25 in. long, teeth much shorter than tube. Corolla ‘75-1 in.,
rose or white, standard densely silky. Pods 3-4 in. long, 10-15-seeded,
slightly recurved, clothed with adpressed brown silky hairs; style silky,
flattened. Wall. Cat. 5627; W. & A. Prodr. 210; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind, II. 111. Robinia candida Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 327. Kvesera sericea
Reinw. in Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 291. Xiphocarpus candidus Hassk.
Pl, Rar. Jav. 336.
Singapore; Anderson! Hullett! Disrrip. Himalayas, Western
Indo-China, Malay Archipelago.
2. ‘TeEPpHROSIA PURPUREA Pers. Synops. 329. A copiously branched
suberect herbaceous perennial with slender firm terete glabrescent stems.
Leaves short-petioled 3-6 in. long; leaflets terminal and in 6-10 opposite
pairs, narrowly oblanceolate obtuse, ‘5 in. long, green and glabrescent
above, glaucous and obscurely silky beneath; stipules subreflexed.
Racemes copious all lateral, 5-6 in. long, lax-fld.; lowers flowers fascicu-
late; pedicles ‘1-2 in., bracteoles minute. Calyx densely silky ‘1-15 in.
long; teeth linear as long as tube. Corolla ‘25-3 in. long, red, standard
thinly silky. Pods 1-5-2 in. long, 6-8-seeded, slightly recurved, glabres-
cent; style glabrescent; stigma penicillate. DC. Prodr. II, 251; Wall.
Cat. 5688; W. & A. Prodr. 213; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat I, 296; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind, IT, 112. Galega purpurea Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II, 1063;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 386.
Matacoa; Griffith! Penana; Curtis! Panane; Ridley! Sevancor;
roadsides, Ridley 7291! Disrris. S.-H. Asia.
The form found in the Malay Peninsula is the typical plant described by
Linnaeus and by Roxburgh as Galega purpurea. Mr. Ridley has noted on his Selan-
gor specimens :— “‘ Indigofera, introduced by Tamils, now estublished.”’
3. TepHrosiA Hookeriana W.& A. Prodr. 212; var. amoena Prain.
A slightly-branched erect herbaceous perennial with firm terete finely
downy branches. Leaves short-petioled 4-8 in. long; leaflets terminal
and in 6-9 opposite pairs narrowly oblanceolate, truncate, 1 in. long,
green and glabrous above, grey and thinly silky beneath; stipules linear
erect. Racemes copious all lateral, 6-9 in. long, lax-fid.; pedicels ‘1 in.
long: bracteoles minute. Calya densely silky -15-2 in. long: teeth
setaceous rather longer than tube. Corolla ‘35-5 in. long, red, standard
thinly silky. Pods 2-2°5 in. long, 8-10-seeded, slightly recurved,
densely clothed with persistent brownish silky hairs; style flattened
86 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1, |
glabrescent; stigma penicillate. Tephrosia amena Wall. in Hort.
Calcutt. not of Eckl. ;
Penane; Curtis! Matacca; Maingay! Derry! YDistris. N. India.
This differs from Wight and Arnott’s 7. Hookeriana (T. colutea Wight in Wall.
Cat. 5647 not of Pers.) in having leaflets almost twice as long and glabrous above; in
true 7. Hookeriana the leaflets are pubescent above as well as beneath. As Hamilton
in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, 546 gives the alternative name Tephrosia hirta to the
Galega hirta cited under this species by Mr. Baker, it must follow, if Mr. Baker’s
identification be correct, that the name T. hirta Ham. should be cited for the species.
Dr. Hamilton’s diagnosis, however, is of 4 plant with ‘“falcate” pods in “ dense ”
racemes, two characters which exclude 7. hirta from this species and which point to
its being a form of T. villosa.
There is little doubt that in a critical review of the genus the Malayan
and North Indian plant should be looked on as specifically distinct from the true
T. Hookeriana of Southern India; but as an African T. amena Hekl. has already
been published, Dr. Wallich’s MSS. name is not available. The species might,
however, be known as Tephrosia subamena. The Tephrosia amena “ Pers.” cited by
Mr. Baker does not exist.
26. Miviettia W. & A.
Trees, shrubs or large woody climbers with odd-pinnate, rarely-
1-foliolate leaves; the leaflets opposite and usually large, generally
stipellate. Flowers large and showy in axillary solitary or fascicled
racemes and in terminal panicles, the florets single or in fascicles along
the rachis. Calyx cup-shaped lobed or shghtly toothed; teeth 5 or the
2 upper connate or absent. Corolla much exserted, petals long-clawed ;
standard broad spreading or reflexed, auricled or not at the base; wings
free or only cohering atthe tip, oblong sickle-shaped ; keel incurved
obtuse. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous, the vexillary filament
being united at the base or as far as the middle with the others, or
being quite free; anthers uniform, filaments filiform. Ovary linear
sessile or shortly stalked surrounded at base by an annular disc-like
sheath ; ovules rather numerous; style filiform incurved glabrous, stigma
capitate. Pod linear, lanceolate or oblong, usually compressed and flat,
occasionally turgid; thickly coriaceous or woody ; late or hardly dehiscent.
Species about 60; especially prevalent in Indo-China and Malaya.
The genus Millettia is retained here because its species are familiar to residents
in the east under this name. But, as Baron von Mueller has shown, there is no room
for a genus Millettia apart from Wistarva. The name Wistaria unfortunately,
though it has come into common use among horticulturists, is not the one that was
originally given to the genus. The oldest name, as pointed out by Dr. O. Kuntze, is
Phaseoloides and this, in a modified form, that author proposes to employ. Adjec-
tives are not, however, advisable as generic names and the name Kraunhia which,
as Sir Joseph Hooker and Mr. Jackson point out, is the earliest unobjectionable
name, appears to be that which, when the two genera are united, must be employed
for their species.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87
Inflorescences in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles ;
leaves scattered along the branches :—
Standard not auricled at the base of the lamina (§ Eumil-
lettia), or auricles only represented by callosities :—
Leaves lustrous beneath with thin lepidote silky pubescence ;
(pods turgid silky; leaves exstipellate) ... . 1. M. sericea.
Leaves opaque beneath, glabrous when mature, or silky
only on the nerves beneath (M. Hemsleyana); (pods
woody) :—
Pods turgid rugose; leaves rigidly coriaceous; racemes
densely thyrsoid; flowers dark-red or purple: (leaves
without stipels) :—
Bracts large suborbicular, yowng racemes strobilate ;
standard silky externally ; pods pubescent .. 2, M. eriantha.
Bracts small ovate early deciduous; standard glab-
rous externally ; pods glabrous re -. 3 M. atropurpurea,
Pods flat smooth (lenticelled in M. glaucescens) ;
leaves membranous (subcoriaceous in M. cerulea) ;
racemes lax ; flowers white, pink or blue :—
Leaflets without stipels, membranous; racemes
distinctly peduncled; pods glabrous (standard
2-callose) :—
Standard glabrous externally :—
Pods lenticelled, the sutures slightly winged ;
leaflets subglaucous quite glabrous beneath ... 4. M. glaucescens.
Pods not lenticelled the sutures thickened
but not winged; leaflets pubescent on midrib
and nerves beneath . .. O. M. Hemsleyana.
Standard silky dete aig (pods hat lenticelled,
sutures not winged; leaflets glabrous beneath) . 6. M. decipiens.
Leaflets stipellate, subcoriaceous; racemes very
close and short peduucled; pods pubescent exter-
nally ; (leaves glabrous beneath; flowers blue) ... 7. M. coerulea.
Standard auricled at base of lamina (§ Otosema); (leaves
subcoriaceous opaque beneath, pods pubescent) :—
Pods very wide turgid; leaflets small many obtuse;
flowers pink, or white with pink = panicles wide
short :—
Leaflets densely velvety beneath ; pod obpyriform,
longitudinally channelled, pubescence short, pale-
purple brown ... 8. M. Maingayi.
_ Leaflets glabrescent yoncait pod eal ge sumer
led, pubescence long, dark-brown ats -. 9. M. oocarpa.
Pods flat; leaflets large few caudate-acuminate ;
flowers pure white :—
Leaflets 5-7, rarely 3; pods soft brown-velvety ... 10. WM. albiflora.
Leaflets solitary; pods pale yellowish-velvety ... 11. M. unifoliata.
Flowers solitary along leafless stem on conical processes in
axils of leaf-scars; leaves tufted at top of slender stems ,,, 12, M. cauliflora.
88 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
1, Mrutertira sericea W. & A. Prodr. 263. A large woody
climber 80-100 feet long, in dense forest; in the open a low spread-
ing shrub 8-25 feet high; stems 3-6 in. diam.; branches striate shortly
finely pubescent. Leaves 8-12 in. long, leaflets terminal and in 3-4
opposite petiolulate pairs, without stipels; obovate to elliptic-oblong,
entire, apex bluntly cuspidate, base rounded or cuneate, 3-5 in. long
15-3 in. wide; coriaceous, deep-green and glabrous above glossy and
silvery-grey or light-brown from a minute scale-like pubescence beneath ;
petiolules ‘2 in. long. Racemes axillary nearly as long as the leaves,
slightly pubescent, the nodes not produced, each with the scars of 7-8
flowers. Flowers on pedicels ‘15 in. long bracteolate under the calyx.
Calyx wide-tubular, limb truncate *15 in. deep, dark-brown silky exter-
nally. Corolla ‘5 in. diam., standard orbicular long-clawed, whitish
pink or blue internally, brown-silky externally, wings clawed, purple or
pink with white stripes. Vewillary filament hardly cohering at base with
the remaining stamens. Ovary pubescent, style glabrous. Pod 3-7 in.
long ] in. across, densely brown-tomentose with a rusty shining velvety
tomentum, turgid when ripe. Seeds 1-3, rarely 4, testa dark-brown
smooth ; l in. long, ‘75in. diam. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 153; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 104. Pongamia sericea Vent. Hort. Malmais,
sub. t. 28; DC. Prodr. II, 416. Phaseolodes sericeum Kuntze Rev. I, 201.
Var. typica; leaflets silvery beneath; sutures of young pods dis-
tinctly thickened ; seeds J-2, rarely 3.
Perak; common; Scortechint! Kunstler! Wray! Distris. Sumatra
(Teysmann! Forbes 3103A!); Java (Kurz !)
A small-leaved form of M. sericea is reported from Penang (Curtis n. 844!) ;
Lobb n. 310 in Herb. Kew, not seen by the writer, is noted by Mr. Hemsley as iden-
tical with it; and the same plant is also at Kew from Singapore, as it is at Calcutta
from Perak (Kunstler n. 401! Wray n. 2364!). But the Perak specimens have in
some cases leaflets of the ordinary size on the same twig with the small leaflets ;
the flowers of this form are exactly like those of M. sericea and the Penang plant
is therefore not even separable as a variety.
Var. malaccensis ; leaflets brownish underneath ; sutures of young
pods hardly thickened ; pods longer seeds 3-4.
Matacca; Grijith 1764! Maingay 518! Goodenough 1706!
A distinct local form but perhaps hardly a good variety.
2. Mirterria rrianrHa Benth. Pl. Jungh. 250. <A rather slender
woody climber 50-80 feet long with only the youngest twigs silky.
Leaves 8-11 in. long, rachis glabrous, leaflets terminal and in 2, rarely
3, opposite pairs, petiolulate without stipels; obovate-oblong or elliptic
shortly cuspidate 2-4 in. long, 1:25-2°5 in across, rigidly coriaceous ,
pale green and glabrous on both surfaces; petiolules ‘25 in. acemes
copious, at first short dense 1-]'5 in. long and strobilate with large
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89
suborbicular cuspidate densely silky bracts, ultimately thyrsoid 6 in.
long; the bracts deciduous ‘3 in. in diam.; pedicels *L5 in. long. Calya
wide-campanulate “4 in. long, externally uniformly pubescent with
brownish silky hairs; the teeth triangular two-thirds as long as tube.
Corolla dark-red within, the standard externally densely glossy-brown
silky nearly 1 in. long. Pod turgid, 3 in. long 1°75 in. across, 1-seeded ;
woody, rugose, clothed with pale brown hairs; slightly beaked. Miq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 155; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 108.
Perak; common, Wray! Scortechint! Kunstler! Matacca; very
common, Griffith ! Maingay! Derry! Goodenough! Singapore; Ridley
6396! 6663! Panana; Ridley 2644!
3. MinLerria arropurpureA Benth. Pl. Jungh. 249. An erect tree
30-80 feet high 3-4 feet in girth; branches and thick branchlets grey
but glabrous. Leaves 15-18 in. long, leaflets terminal and in 3-4 opposite
pairs petiolulate without stipels ; narrow-oblong, base rounded or rarely
cuneate apex obtuse or shortly cuspidate, 4-6 in. long 1°5-2 in. across,
rigidly coriaceous green and glabrous on both surfaces, upper surface
shining; petiolules -25 in. acemes copious in a dense terminal
thyrsoid hoary-tomentose panicle 6-8 in. across; bracts small ovate
deciduous, ‘1 in. in diam. ; pedicels ‘2 in. long, rusty-pubescent thickening
in fruit. Calyx ‘25 in., campanulate, teeth small the two upper truncate
the others acute, thinly silky externally. Corolla dark-purple, standard
1 in. long ovate-obtuse, glabrous externally. Vewillary stamen free;
ovary pubescent. Pod turgid, 3 in. long 2 in. across, 1-2 seeded ; woody
subrugose quite glabrous; slightly beaked. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 157;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 108. Pongamia atropurpurea Wall. Cat.
5910; Pl. As. Rar. I, t. 78.
Perak; Scortechint 193! 273! Kunstler 8012! Punane ; Wallich 5910!
Matacca; common. Sinaarors; Hullett 60! Disrrip. Tenasserim ;
Sumatra.
4. MinueTtia GLAvcEscens Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLII,
2. 67. <A large tree with glabrous branches the smaller ones slightly
angled. Leaves 8-9 in. long; rachis glabrous; leaflets terminal and
in 4-5 opposite petiolulate pairs; lowest pair broadly ovate the
rest obovate-oblong all acuminate, 3°5-5 in. long 1°25-1:75 wide;
membranous, bright green above glaucescent beneath, glabrous from an
early stage on both surfaces ; petiolules °2in. Racemes axillary slender
6 in. long, at first puberulous as are the capillary solitary, paired, or
fascicled pedicels, ‘2 in. long. Calyx wide shallow-tubular, slightly
pubescent, obscurely toothed, ‘15 in. deepe Corolla ‘4 in. long, standard
orbicular glabrous externally, 2-callose at base, steel-blue (fide Kurz) ;
wings clawed. Veazllary filament cohering half way up staminal
@. u. I
90 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
sheath. Ovary pubescent style glabrous. Pod 5-6 in. long, 1 in. wide,
thickish, woody, usually tubercled rarely reticulated on the faces, quite
glabrous; both sutures thickened and expanded into narrow wings.
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 107.
Perak; Kapayong Kurta, Wray 168! Scortechini (specimens with
reticulated but not tubercled pods) !
By its pods this species is most nearly allied to M. tetraptera Kurz, but it has
very different leaves which resemble those of M. pubinervis and M. Hemsleyana
except in being glabrous. It agrees with these two species also as regards structure
of flowers though not as regards pods. As regards leaves it likewise much resembles
M. decipiens and M. dehiscens; in these species, however, not only are the pods
without wings along the thickened sutures but the standard is silky externally.
5. Mituertia Hemstevana Prain. An erect bushy tree 20-40 ft.
high, stem 10-15 in. in diam. ; branches puberulous when young. Leaves
6-8 in. long, rachis pubescent, leaflets terminal and in 3-4 opposite
petiolulate pairs, without stipels; lowest pair broadly ovate the rest
elliptic-obovate all obtusely acuminate, 2-3°5 in. long, 1:25-1°5 in.
wide; membranous bright green glabrous from an early stage above
subglaucous and pubescent beneath with scattered flexuous spreading
hairs which quickly disappear except from the midrib and main
lateral nerves; petiolules ‘2 in., stipules large, °25 in., deciduous.
Racemes axillary, slender simple, 2'5—4 in. long, at first puberulous as are
the capillary, solitary or fascicled pedicels, ‘25 in. long, subtended by lan-
ceolate deciduous bracts ‘2 in. long. Calyx wide shallow-tubular, slight-
ly pubescent, obscurely toothed, -15 in deep, red, or green with a reddish
tinge. Corolla ‘4 in. long, standard orbicular 2-callose at base glabrous
externally, white or faintly tinged with pink, wings clawed. Vewilary
filament cohering nearly half way up staminal sheath. Cvary pubescent,
style glabrous. Pod 3'5-4 in. long ‘5 in. wide, thin, quite glabrous,
sutures slightly thickened not winged. Kraunhia Hemsleyana Prain
MSS. |
Perak; Wray 3310! 3608!
Millettia Hemsleyana is very closely related to M, pubinervis Kurz, a Tenasserim
species; it has however rather narrower leaflets and differs especially in having
large stipules and bracts. To IL. glaucescens it is also closely related, but it differs in
having pods that are neither winged along the sutures nor lenticelled along the
valves. Both in pods and in foliage it likewise closely resembles M. decipiens but
that species differs in having a pubescent standard.
6. Muitnerria DEcIPIENS Prain. An erect wide-spreading tree 40-60
feet high, stems 2-3 feet in diam.; branches all glabrous the smaller
slightly angled. Leaves 8-9 in. long; rachis glabrous ; leaflets terminal
and in 4-5 opposite petiolulate pairs; lowest pair broadly ovate the
rest elliptic-obovate all acuminate 2-3°5 in, long 1:25-15 in. wide ;
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91
membranous rather dark green on both surfaces glabrous from an early
stage on both surfaces except for occasionally a few scattered hairs on
the midrib beneath; petiolules ‘2 in. Racemes axillary slender simple
6-8 in. long, at first puberulous-as are the capillary solitary or fascicled
pedicels, ‘2 in long. Calyx wide shallow-tubular, slightly pubescent,
obscurely toothed, ‘15 in. deep. Corolla ‘4 in. long, standard orbicular,
densely silky externally, 2-callose at base, pink, or white with a pink
tinge, wings clawed. Veaillary filament cohering half way up staminal
sheath. Ovary pubescent, style glabrous; ovules 4. Pod 4-5 in. long,
nearly 1 in. across, glabrous, sutures not thickened. Krawnhia decipiens
Prain MSS. ;
Perak; Ulu Slim, 400 feet, Kunstler 10718! Kwala Dipong,
Scortechini 1749! Pluss river, Wray 548! Panane; Kwala Tahan,
Ridley 2591!
The flowers of this species so much resemble those of Pongamia glabra that,
with flowering examples, only careful dissection to ascertain the number of ovules
satisfactorily distinguishes the two. Another species extremely nearly relat:d to
this is Millettia dehiscens (Pongamia dehiscens Koord. & Val. Bijdr. II. 96) a Java
tree with the same silky standard, but with the ovary 5- or more-ovuled; its leaves
are like those of M. glaucescens, its pods like those of M. ovalifolia.
7. MiILLertia CoERULEA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 107. A woody
climber with glabrous branches. Leaflets terminal and in 3 petiolulate
pairs, stipellate; obovate-oblong cuspidate 4-6 in. long; subcoriaceous,
glabrous on both sides from an early stage; petiolules ‘15 in. long.
Racemes short-peduncled, close, axillary. Flowers short-pedicelled,
densely fascicled. Calyx campanulate ‘1 in., faintly silky, nearly tran-
cate. Corolla three times the calyx, the standard densely white-
canescent on the back. Stamens monadelphous. Pod large flat rather
woody, linear-oblong 7-8 in. long, 1:°5-1°75 in. wide, recurved, late in
dehiscing, clothed with dense short persistent brown-velvety pubes-
cence. Pongamia coerulea Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5894.
Manacca; Griffith. Distris. Burma.
The above description is taken from the Flora of British India, there being no
specimen at Calcutta either of the Burmese or of the Malacca types of Mr. Baker’s
species. The specimens here that accord best with the description are some from
Penang (Curtis n. 2459) ; they are in fruit only and may prove to belong to M. coerulea,
The plant is noted, however, as a “tree ;” the specimens have 5-foliolate leaves and
the leaflets resemble those of M. albiflora, of which it may equally well be a variety.
8. Muiiertia Marneayi Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 110. A creeper
over 100 feet long; young branches pale brown-pubescent. Leaves 8-10
in. long, leaflets terminal and in 5-8 opposite pairs, shortly petioluled
stipellate; oblong, base rounded, apex rounded or subacute, 15-2 in.
long lin. across, coriaceous, light green and glabrous above, velvety
92 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
underneath as is the leaf-rachis; petiolules ‘2 in., stipels setaceous,
persistent. Racemes in small axillary panicles one-third as long as
leaves, 2°5 in. long, 15 in. across; rachis and pedicels rusty-pubescent,
as are the linear deciduous bracts ‘1 in. long; pedicels ‘1 in. Calyx ‘2
in. campanulate, externally rusty-pubescent, teeth wide-triangular half
as long as tube. Corolla white tinged with pink, ‘5 in. long, standard
orbicular, auriculate at base of lamina, slightly emarginate and slightly
puberulous externally. Pod oblong or obpyriform, woody indehiscent
(fide Baker), rounded at both ends, 6 in. long 3°5 in. wide, turgid,
shortly pale rusty-brown velvety, the surface traversed by deep longi-
tudinal grooves.
SINGAPORE; cultivated, Maingay; Ridley! SuLancore; in dense
jungle at 800-1200 feet elev., Kunstler 8759 !
A remarkable species, originally described by Mr. Baker from a fruiting speci-
men. To the kindness of Mr. Ridley, the Calcutta Herburinm owes the possession
of excellent flowering and fruiting examples of the plant; from these the above
description has been drawn up. Mr. Kunstler’s plant from Selangore is unfor-
tunately only in flower; it agrees however in every detail with the flowering
specimens sent from the Singapore garden by Mr. Ridley.
The only near ally of M. Maingayi is the next species from which it differs in
having larger pods that, according to Mr. Baker, do not dehisce and in having leaflets
densely tomentose beneath.
9. MuiueTtia oocaRPA Prain. A large creeper, young branches
glabrous. Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets terminal and in 4-6 opposite pairs,
shortly petiolulate stipellate ; obloug, rounded at both ends, 2-3 in. long,
J-1‘5 in. across, the terminal considerably exceeding the others, sub-
coriaceous light green and glabrous above, whitish and very sparsely
adpressed-puberulous, finely reticulately veined beneath ; leaf-rachis
puberulous as are the petiolules ‘2 in. long ; stipels setaceous persistent.
Racemes in small axillary panicles one-half as long as leaves, 2'5 in. long,
1°5 in. across; rachis and pedicels slightly puberulous as are the linear
deciduous bracts ‘1 in. long; pedicels‘l in. Calyx *2 in. long, campanu-
late, externally grey-puberulous, teeth short obscure. Corolla white
tinged with pink, ‘5 in. long, standard orbicular, auriculate at base of
lamina, entire, uniformly sparsely puberulous externally. Stamens
diadelphous, vexillary filament free. Ovary 2-ovuled, pubescent. Pod
oval, woody, dehiscent, rounded at both ends, 3°) in. long, foe
in diam., turgid, densely dark brown-velvety, the surface smooth.
Kraunhia oocarpa Prain MSS.
Perak; Batu Togoh, 250 feet, Wray 2141! Scortechini 429!
Very nearly related to Millettia Maingayi of which it has exactly the flowers.
Its pods however are smaller, densely covered with darker and much longer hairs,
and are distinctly dehiscent. Jn shape and size they resemble the egg of a domestic
fowl. The leaflets too differ in not being velvety beneath, and the leaves are shorter.
10. Mucuerria ALBirLora Prain. A handsome spreading tree some-
1897.) G. King —WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 93
times 80-100 feet high (Kunstler), usually 30-50 feet, trunk 2-3 feet in
diam., branches glabrous. Leaves a foot long, leaflets terminal and in 2-3
more rarely 1, opposite pairs, shortly petiolulate without stipels, elliptic-
lanceolate entire apex caudate base cuneate, 5-10 in. long, 1°5-2°5 in.
across, lowest pair rather smaller, thickly membranous shining above
dull beneath, with 6-9 pairs of ascending rather prominent lateral
nerves and a very prominent midrib, quite glabrous on both surfaces,
petiolules ‘2 in. long. tacemes in very long narrow axillary panicles
towards ends of branches, 1-15 feet long, 2°5 in. across; individual
racemes subfastigiate 4-6 in. long with 10-12 solitary short-pedicelled
flowers ; pedicels 15 in. long, rusty-puberulous as are the peduncles and
main-rachis. Oalyx ‘25 in. long, rusty-puberulous, tube campanulate
rather longer than the triangular teeth, the two upper teeth connate
emarginate. Corolla pure white ‘75 in. long, standard orbicular 2-auri-
culate at base of lamina, externally glabrous. Vewillary filament extend-
ing half way up the sheath or at length free on one side only, or on
both. Ovary puberulous. Pod linear 7-13 in. long, 15-2 in. wide,
straight flat rather woody, uniformly soft brown-velvety. Kraunhia
albiflora Prain MSS.
Perak; Goping, Scortechini 1948! Ulu Salama, Kunstler 729!
1288! 4467! 5833! 5993! 6077! Larut, Kunstler 5357! 6709! 6842!
Thaipeng, Wray 1864! Kota, Wray 1943! Ridley 7981! 8004! Panane ;
Tahan, Ridley 2641 ! |
A very fine species apparently extremely common in Perak. Mr. Kunstler notes
that it is usually found near river-courses or in wet low ground.
11. Mixnuettia unirouiaTa Prain. A handsome spreading tree
30-40 feet high, trunk 1 foot in diam., branches glabrous. Leaves consist-
ing of a solitary terminal leaflet, petiolulate without stipels, obovate-
oblong or lanceolate entire, apex acute rarely caudate, base cuneate, thick-
ly membranous shining above dull beneath, with a prominent midrib and
6-9 pairs of ascending lateral nerves not much more prominent than the
distinct secondary reticulations; glabrous on both surfaces; petiolule
°25 in. long directly articulate with branch. Racemes in very slender
axillary panicles shorter than the leaflets, 5-4 in. long ‘25-35 in. across;
individual racemes short 3—5-fld. separated from each other by intervals
1 in. long; peduncles and pedicles glabrous. Calya ‘2 in. long, externally
glabrous, campanulate 2-bracteolate at base, bracteoles ovate-lanceolate
minute, teeth shorter than tube hirsute within. Corolla pure white °75
in. long, standard orbicular 2-auriculate at base of lamina, externally
glabrous. Stamens monadelphous in a sheath split along the vexillary
side. Ovary puberulous. Pod linear 6 in. long 1 in. across, flat, rather
woody, tapering to both ends, finely pale yellowish-velvety externally.
Kraunhia untfoliatu Prain MSS.
94 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1],
Perak ; Pangkore Island, Curtis 1615! Scortechini 1023! Tupia,
Wray 2836! Blanja, Scortechint 124! 1711! Larut, Kunstler 4251!
Goping, Kunstler 4492 ! 8210!
Very closely related to Millettia albiflora of which it has much the flowers and
also much the fruits. It differs however from all other hitherto known Millettias
in having 1-foliolate leaves. The pods are never so large as in UM. albiflora and the
inflorescence is very different in appearance owing to its being smaller and more
slender.
12. MuILLErria CAULIFLORA Prain. A small slender unbranched
gregarious shrub 6-8 feet high, stems hardly ‘5 in. in diam., with black
lenticelled bark, bearing a terminal tuft of leavesand having small
nodular flower-bearing projections in the axils of leaf-scars along the
stem. eaves 1-1°5 feet long, stipules subulate, ‘3 in. long, caducous ;
rachis tawny-pubescent as are the petiolules and the setaceous persistent
stipels; leaflets thinly membranous glabrous on both surfaces, lateral
nerves in 5-7 ascending pairs impressed above very prominent like the
midrib beneath ; lowest pair 2 in. long 1°25 in. across, terminal and
upper pairs 6 in. long 2 in. wide. Calyx ‘2 in., glabrescent. Corolla
(only withered specimens seen) apparently pink, standard apparently
auricled. Pod solitary, at intervals along the stem, 3-3°5 in. long, ‘6 in.
wide, narrowed towards base, slightly recurved, rigidly coriaceous early
dehiscent, externally grey silky-tomentose; seeds 2. Krauwnhia cauli-
flora Prain MSS.
Perak ; Larut, Kunstler 2555!
A very distinct species with leaves much like those of the African Millettia
macrophylla Hook. f., but with fewer lateral nerves. It differs from all other known
species in having solitary fruits (and apparently solitary flowers) in the axils of old
leaf-scars along the stem. The standard seems to be auricled, but whether the
stamens are monadelphous or diadelphous cannot yet be said.
27. PonGamMiA Vent.
A tree. Leaves odd-pinnate, leaflets opposite, ex-stipellate. Flowers
racemed. Calyx campanulate, nearly truncate. Corolla much exserted ;
standard broad, silky; keel obtuse the petals cohering at their tip.
Stamens monadelphous, the upper filament free low down; anthers
oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile, 2-ovuled; style incurved, glabrous,
stigma capitate. Pod woody, somewhat turgid, oblong, indehiscent, not
winged nor thickened at the sutures. A single species, on all coasts
from the Mascarene Islands to Malaya, North Australia, and Western
Polynesia.
Poncamia GLABRA Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 28. A fairly-large tree 40-60
feet high, with spreading glabrous branches; bark greyish-green soft,
wood pale-ysllow when cut, darkening on exposure; stem reaching 2-3
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95
feet in. diam. Leaves 8-10 in. long, pale-green, leaflets usually 5-7,
more rarely 7-9, oblong or ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, acute, base
cuneate or deltoid; subequal, 3-7 in. long, 1-3°5 in. wide, subcoriaceous,
glabrous on both surfaces or, rarely, slightly puberulous on the nerves
beneath, lateral nerves about 8 pairs rather prominent beneath as is the
midrib, rachis about 5 in. long glabrous as are the petiolules ‘25 in. long.
Flowers in rather short axillary racemes 4-6 in. long with peduncles
J-1'5 in. long, usually simple; nodes tumid bearing 2-4 subequal filiform
pedicels, rachis and pedicels sparsely puberulous, pedicels ‘25-35 in.
long, bracteolate at base and 2-bracteolate towards apex. Calyx wide-
campanulate ‘12 in. deep, ‘15 in. wide, mouth truncated. Corolla °385—5
in. long, white with violet or pinkish flush, standard orbicular, silky on the
back, subcordate and 2-auriculate at the base. Stamens monadelphous.
Ovary finely pubescent, ovules 2, rarely 1. Pod turgid woody glabrous,
15-2 in. long, *8-1:25 in. wide, ‘25 in. thick, brownish-green with a
short decurved point; seeds 1, very rarely 2, testa white, marbled with
slightly raised brownish lines radiating irregularly from the hilum,
°7 in. long, ‘5 in. wide.
Var. typica; leaflets usually 5, occasionally 7, oblong or ovate
2°5-3°5 in. wide, quite glabrous beneath ; racemes always solitary simple,
pedicels *35 in. long, their bracteoles only sub-opposed and situated
slightly above the middle. Pongamia glabra Vent.: DC. Prodr. II, 416;
Wall. Cat. 5878; W. & A. Prodr. 262; Wight, Ic. t. 59; Bedd. Flor.
Sylvat. t. 177; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 147; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 240. Pongamia grandifolia Goll. & Mor. Syst. Verzeichn. 3; Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 147. Pongamia mitis Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng,
XLV, 2. 128. Robinia mités Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II, 1044. Galedupa
indica Lamk Encye. Meth. JI, 594 (excl. syn. Caju galedupa Rumph.) ;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 239. Dalbergia arborea Willd. Sp. Pl. III, 901.
Galedupa arborea Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53.—Rheede Hort. Malab. VI, t.3;
Rumph. Herb. Amb. III, t. 117; Lamk Ill. t. 603.
In all the provinces, very abundant on the banksof every tidal
river and along the margins of all Mangrove-swamps.—DIstTrIB. ; of the
genus; often planted in inland districts.
Var. werocarpa ; leaflets 7-9, very rarely 5, lanceolate 1—1°35 in.
wide, usually sparsely puberulous on the midrib and main veins beneath,
racemes occasionally 2—3 in same axil and sometimes sparingly branched,
the pedicels ‘25 in. long with the bracteoles opposed and situated close
under the calyx ; ovules sometimes solitary. Pongamia werocarpa Hassk,
Retz. ed. nov. 208. Malaparius flavus Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 1082 in
addend., hardly Malaparius Rumphius,
PawanG ; Ridley 13862! Kenan; Kunstler 1740! Perak; Trang,
96 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Kunstler 1420! 5625! Matacca; Derry 939! Distris. Ceylon (Thwaites
C. P. 1489) ; Java; Sumatra.
Pongamia glabra is the well-known littoral species known in Southern India
generally as Pangam, in Northern India as Karanj, in Burma as Thin-win and in
Malaya as Malapari. Throughout India it is very generally planted, both as a timber
tree, and for the sake of the oil obtained from its seeds; it does not seem to be
planted in the Malayan provinces.
The typical variety appears in two somewhat distinct forms that pass, however,
into each other by all kinds of intermediates. These are :—
(a2) a form with medium-sized leaflets and flowers (the original P. glabra) which
is spread throughout the area occupied by the species ; also
(8) a form with decidedly larger leaflets and flowers (the form named P. grandi-
folia Zoll, & Mor.) which extends from north to south along the coasts of Chitta-
gong, Arracan, the Andamans, Nicobars, Sumatra and Java, apparently without
extending westward to the Sundribuns and India or eastward to Tenasserim and
the Malay Peninsula.
VAR. xerocarpa, though only separable by characters that individually are trivial,
nevertheless looks remarkably different from the type; it resembles far more the
two species known as Millettia decipiens, and Milletia dehiscens. Indeed, with
flowers alone, only a careful examination of the ovary, 4- or more-ovuled in the
Millettias, i- or 2-ovuled in the Pongamia, ensures accurate determination. The
fruits of the Millettias are, however, dehiscent and therefore unlike those of Pongamia.
Roxburgh ased for this genus Lamarck’s name Galedupa, first applied in 1786.
Lamarck’s use of the name depended on his belief that Caju galedupa Rumphius
(Herb. Amboin. II, t. 13) was this tree. As figured, however, Cajw galedwpa has
equally-pinnate leaves, dehiscent pods and arillate seeds; Pongamia glabra has un-
equally-pinnate leaves, indehiscent pods, no arillus and a very small hilum. Moreover
Rumphius describes and figures Pongamia glabra (Herb. Amboin. III, 117) under its
Malay name Malapari. That Lamarck had detected his mistake is clear from his
having abandoned the name Galedupa in 1797 (Illustr. t. 603) in favour of Pungamia
—taken from Adanson’s name Pongam of 1768. This last Ventenat amended to
Pongamia in 1803, and in that form has become familiar a name which, even were
Guledupa accurately applicable, is much anterior to Galedupa. The point would not
indeed call for discussion but for the fact that quite recently Taubert in the authori-
tative Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien has re-adopted Roxburgh’s usage. Kuntze, not
satisfied even with this amount of change, desires to use the word Caju(m) ; that is,
he desires to use precisely the synonym which cannot be applied to the plant des-
cribed by Lamarck, as the name of the plant to which Lamarck’s definition belongs.
Loureiro, overlooking both Rumphius’ description of the pods and his figure
showing its leaflets as opposite, referred Malaparius to Pterocarpus; he has been
followed in this by most subsequent botanists except Miquel, who, having seen
specimens of Malapari collected in Sumatra by Teysmann, removed the plant from
Pterocarpus and established it as a genus. Bentham (Gen. Plant. I, 465) expresses a
doubt as to Teysmann’s Malapari being conspecific with Rumphius’ one. Everything,
however, is in favour of the belief (unfortunately the Sumatra plant is unrepresented
in Herb. Calcutta) that Teysmann’s ‘ Malapari’ is Pongamia glabra, just as Rum-
phius’ ‘ Malapari’ and the ‘ Malapari’ recently collected by Derry in Malacca, are
Pongamia glabra, But it must be noted that while Rumphius’ ‘Malapari’ appears
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 97
to be typical Pongmia glabra, Derry’s ‘ Malapari’ is VAR. xerocarpa, and so apparently,
judging by Miquel’s description, is Teysmann’s.
28. Derris Lour.
Climbers, rarely erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate, with usually ex-
stipellate leaflets. Flowers copious, usually fascicled, showy, in axillary
or terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx campanulate, nearly truncate.
Corolla much exserted, standard broad; keel obtuse, the petals cohering
slightly. Stamens usually monadelphous, the upper one free in §
Aganope; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile, few-ovuled ; style incurved,
filiform, stigma capitate. Pod rigid, thin, flat, indehiscent, oblong if
one-seeded, strap-shaped if few-seeded, with a distinct wing down the
upper or both sutures. Distris. Species about 40, belting the world in
the tropics.
Standard not callose at the base :—
Vexillary stamen free throughout; flowers single in ample
thyrsoid panicles with nodes neither tumid nor produced
into stalks (§ Aganope) :—
Pod winged only along the epper suture, and sinuate
between the seeds; corolla over $ in. long .. . LD. sinwdta:
Pod winged down both sutures, not sinuate between thie
seeds; corolla under 3 in. long :—
Buds and flowers distinctly pedicelled, bracteoles shorter
than buds se -. 2. D. Wallichit.
Buds and flowers subsessile, aeeuins Beebe the
buds he . 3 D. thyrsifiora.
Vexillary stamen ‘titted “swith ‘ie, there at “eae in the
centre of tube; flowers fascicled on tumid nodes that are
sometimes produced into stalks :—
Pods winged only along upper suture :—
Pod narrow, pointed at both ends, several-seeded
(§ Brachypteruwm ):—
Climbers, leaflets 9-19 medium, acute; flowers in
long lax panicles exceeding thea leaves ... ... 4. D. scandens.
Trees, leaflets 25-39 small, rounded ; flowers in dense
panicles shorter than the leaves . 5. D. dalbergioides.
Pod suborbicular or shortly broadly- ghiese chease,
few-seeded (§ Euderris) :—
Leaflets glabrous, not exceeding 5 in. ae exstipel-
late ; pods glabrous .- 6. D. uliginosa,
Leaflets pubescent beneath, often 6-8 in. Bers stipel-
late ; pods pubescent re es . 7. D. elegans.
Pod winged along both sutures [unknown in D. affinis anid
D. floribunda] (§ Dipteroderris) a
Rachis and branches of panicle densely silky ; pod silky ;
(leaves faintly-veined ) Bn ne ... 8 D, andamanica.
oe. the lo
98 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. I,
Rachis and branches of panicle glabrous or sparsely
puberulous ; pod (where known) glabrous : —
Flowers white in laxly-branching panicles :—
Leaves with 10 pairs of prominent spreading
secondary nerves; ovules 4 = .. 9. D. affinis.
Leaves with 4-5 pairs of ascending fa‘ int secondary
nerves; ovules 2-3 1e 10. aN bp ibunda,
Flowers pink in fastigiately-branching p: ote ( hades
with numerous spreading but not prominent secon-
dary nerves; ovules 2; pod glabrous) ... wo Ll. D. amena.
Standard 2-callose at base (§ Paraderris) :—
Leave and petals pubescent sae So ... 12. D. elliptica.
Leaves and petals glabrous TL a . 13. D. malaccensis.
§ 1. Acayorsz. Robust climbers with large fet aed flowers usually
rather small in ample thyrsoid panicles, the nodes nde produced into
stalks; upper stamen quite free from the others down to the base; base
of vexillum without callosities; pod winged down one or both sutures.
1. Derris stnuata Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeylan. 93. A _ strong
climber with dark-brown glabrous branches. Leaves 10-16 in. long ;
leaflets dark-green 5-7, coriaceous ovate- to. ovate-oblong or elliptic,
shortly cuspidate or subobtuse base rounded or widely deltoid, 4—5 in.
long, 2-3 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs
spreading hardly visible, rachis 6-12 in. long glabrous as are the petio-
lules ‘25 in. long. Flowers in ample thyrsoid.terminal, or terminal and
axillary panicles 8-16 in. long, branches 1°5-3 in. long at intervals of
‘5-1 in. their nodes not tumid nor produced into stalks, pedicels ‘1 in.
long (in fruit lengthening to ‘25-3 in.), stout, arranged usually in sub-
opposite pairs ‘2-25 in. apart, occasionally all scattered, rachis and
its branches glabrescent, pedicels adpressed rusty-puberulous, with
small decidous bract at base and 2 very minute triangular deciduous
bracteoles close to calyx. Calyx wide-campanulate thinly silky ‘2 in.
long, with ripe fruit ‘25 in. in diam. circumscissile at base. Corolla 6
in., standard erect orbicular ‘5 in. wide, with ecallose cordate base.
Stamens 2-adelphous, the vexillary filament free from the rest to the
base. Ovary pubescent, ovules 5-7. Pod strap-shaped, coriaceous, dis-
tinctly reticulated, 2'5-8 in. long, 15 in. wide, upper suture narrowly
winged, wing never exceeding ‘1 in. in breadth, usually much less and
sometimes barely perceptible, always more or less sinuate between the
1-5 seeds. Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 113; Bak. in Flor.
Brit, Ind. IT, 246. Pongamia sinuata Wall. Cat. 5911. Pongamia
grandifolia Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5882, not of Zoll. & Mor.
Perak; on banks of tidal rivers, Kunstler 179! Scortechin !
Matacca; river banks, Griffith 1773! Maingay 551! Distriz. Ceylon ;
Sundribuns: Coasts of Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 99
2. Derris Waciicui Prain. A strong climber with glabrous
brownish lenticular branches. Leaves 8-12 in. long, leaflets pale-green,
5-9, subcoriaceous oblong-lanceolate acute, base rounded, 4-5 in. long
1-5-2 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves ascending 8-9
pairs prominent beneath, rachis 4-8 in. long glabrous as are the petio-
lules ‘25 in. long. Flowers in ample thyrsoid terminal and axillary
panicles 8-16 in. long, their branches ‘5-1'5 in. long at intervals of
*25—'5 in., their nodes not tumid nor produced into stalks, pedicels *2—25
in. long arranged in subopposite pairs at intervals of *2—'3 in., rachis
and its branches thinly-silky as are the pedicels and calyx, bracts at
base of pedicels ovate, much shorter than buds, lateral pair of bracteoles
at their apices very minute. Caly« tubular at length campanulate, mouth
truncate, *12 in. long, ‘15 in. wide. Corolla ‘3 in. long, standard erect
orbicular with cordate ecallose base. Stamens 2-adelphous, the vexillary
filament quite free. Ovary pubescent, ovules 4. Pod broadly strap-
shaped, thin, flat, glabrous, finely veined, 1°5-4°5 in. long, 1°56 in. wide
1-2-seeded, not sinuate between the seeds ; distinctly winged down both
margins. Pterocarpus floribundus Wall. Cat. 5846. Derris thyrsiflora
Prain MSS. in Herb. Calcutta (as to Andamans specimens) hardly of
Bentham. :
AnpDAaMANsS; King’s Collectors ! Distrip. Silhet, Cachar and Khasia.
The Andaman specimens here described have leaves very like those of D.
thyrsiflora but they have rather more nerves and are not quite so thick. The long
pedicels, however, make it very easy to distinguish the two, while the fruits of D.
Wallichii are broader than those of D. thyrsiflora. In distributing specimens from
_ the Calcutta Herbarium those from the Andamans were unfortunately issued under
the name D. thyrsiflora.
3. DERRIS THYRSIFLORA Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 114.
A large rambling bush or small tree with spreading branches, 15 to
20 feet high, or a robust climber reaching 60-80 feet in length, in either
case with a stem 6-8 in. in diam. with glabrous lenticelled branches.
Leaves 8-15 in. long, leaflets dark-green, 5-9, coriaceous oblong to oblong-
lanceolate usually acute sometimes rounded at apex, base rounded or
cuneate, 4-6 in. long, 1°5-2°5 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral
nerves ascending 5-7 pairs rather prominent beneath, rachis 4-10 in. |
long, glabrous as are the petiolules ‘25 in. long. Flowers in ample thyr-
soid terminal and axillary panicles 8-24 in. long, their branches ‘5-2 in.
long at intervals of -25—'5 in., their nodes not tumid nor produced into
stalks, pedicels in fruit under ‘J in. in flower hardly perceptible, arrang-
ed usually in close-set subopposite pairs, rachis and its branches thinly
silky as is the subsessile calyx with linear deciduous basal bracteole as
long as bud and with two very minute lateral bracteoles. Calyx tubular,
at length campanulate, month truncate, 12 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, green- .
a
100 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
ish white. Corolla white, ‘3 in. long, standard erect orbicular ‘35 in.
wide, with ecallose cordate base. Stamens 2-adelphous, the vexillary
filament free from the rest to the base, the free portion of all the filaments
slightly puberulous. Ovary pubescent; ovules 4. Pod strap-shaped,
thin, flat, glabrous finely-veined, 1°5-3°5 in. long, 1-1:25 in. wide, dis-
tinctly winged along both sutures, wings subequal ‘2-25 in. wide, not
sinuate between the 1-3 (very rarely 4) seeds. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
TI, 246 (excl. syn. Amertmnum obovatum and Pongamia Wall. Cat. 9054).
Derris pyrrothyrsa Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 297. Aganope floribunda
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 151. Mullettia thyrsiflora Benth. Pl. Jungh. 249.
Nicosars; Kamorta, Kurz! Kevan; Yau, Ridley 5224! Prnane ;
Curtis 248! Maracca; Griffith 1776! Maingay 552! Derry 94! 1030!
Perak ; Scortechini, 907 ! 1176! 1342! 1533! 1639 ! 2073! Wray, 1985!
2513! 2770! 3068! Kunstler 3630! 6419! 7638! 7757! 7919! 10062!
10395! 10850! Panane; Eidley 2456! 2458! Sinaaporgs; Anderson !
Kurz! Hullett! Distrrs. Sumatra, Java.
This species is very distinct from D. sinuata by reason of its much smaller, more
numerous, and more closely set florets, which are as nearly as possible sessile; also
on account of its very different pods which are shorter, much thinner, not sinuate
between the seeds and are distinctly winged down both sutures. It is much more
closely related to the last species from which it can be most easily distinguished -
by the absence of pedicels.
The synonym Amerimum obovatum is excluded because that plant is the same
as Pongamia obovata Grah., reduced, with justice, to Derris cuneifolia. And the.
synonym Pongamia Wall. Cat. 9054 is also excluded, at least as a temporary
measure, because Mr. Baker, in another passage, has referred it to Spatholobus
acuminatus.
There are at Calcutta authentic examples, named by Dr. Miquel himself, both
of Aganope floribunda Mig. and of Derris pyrrothyrsa Miq.; these are specimens of
the same species, from Java and Sumatra respectively; they agree exactly with our
specimens from the Malay Peninsula.
The variation in habit depends on whether the species is growing in open places
or in dense forest.
§ 2. Bracuyprerum. Trees or climbers with comparatively small
leaflets; flowers medium fasciculate on tumid nodes in axillary panicles :
stamens monadelphous ; base of vexillum without callosities; pod thin
strap-shaped, narrow, pointed at both ends, winged only along the upper
suture.
4. Derris scANDENS Benth. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 103.
A very large climber often exceeding 100 feet in length with branchlets
at first obscurely grey downy; stems as tlick as a man’s wrist with
very irregularly excentric annual rings. Leaves 4-6 in. long, dark
green ; leaflets 9-19, rigidly subcoriaceous obovate-oblong to oblong,
acute rarely obtuse at apex, cuneate less often rounded at base, 2 in
long, ‘75 in. wide, polished and glabrous above, obscurely adpressed »
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 101
grey-pubescent, dull beneath; rachis 2°5-4 in. long, grooved above,
glabrous as are the petiolules ‘2 in. long. Flowers in very long copious
short-peduncled axillary racemes, sometimes 15-18 in. in length, with
distant tumid nodes sometimes produced into short branches each
bearing a cluster of unequal slender pedicels *15-—*24 in. long, the various
flowers from one node expanding successively, rachis and pedicels finely
adpressed-pubescent, the pedicels 2-bracteolate under the calyx, the
bracteoles ovate minute. Calyx ‘12 in. long, thinly silky, wide-campa-
nulate, teeth obscure. Corolla white to pale-rose, ‘35 in. long. Stamens
monadelphous. Ovary finely puberulous ; ovules 6-8. Pod 1-3 in. long,
‘45 in. wide, narrowed to both ends, narrowly winged along the upper
suture, 1-4 seeded, uniformly finely adpressed grey-silky, somewhat
turgid against the seeds. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 240. Dulbergia
scandens Roxb. Cor. Pl. II, t. 192; DC. Prodr. II, 417; Wall. Cat. 5857 ;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 232; W.& A. Prodr. 264; Wight, Ic. t, 275.
Dalbergia tumorensis DC. Prodr. II, 417. Pongamia coriacea Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5905. Brachypterum scandens Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus.
IT, 101; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 138. Brachypterum timorense Benth.
in Miq. Pl. Jungh. 253; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 138.
ANDAMANS; very common everywhere. Nicosars: plentiful. Penance ;
Curtis 979! Panane: Ridley 2639! Distris. South-Eastern Asia to
North Australia, general.
Mr. Baker has described the pod as glabrous ; it never becomes quite glabrous
even when ripe. Though the name Derris scandens is most generally used for this
species, it has to be pointed ont that, so soon as Deguelia is recognised to be the best
generic name, this species will have to be known as Deguelia timorensis ‘laub.
(Natiir. Pflanzenfam. III, 3. 345) because Deguelia scandens is the original name
for the American plant at present known as Derris guianensis Bth. The genus was
published under the name Deguelia before it was published under the name Dervis.
5. DERRIS DALBERGIOIDES Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. If, 241. A
spreading tree 30-40 feet high; branchlets silky-pubescent. Leaves 6-8
in. long by 1:5-2 in. wide, leaflets 25-39, linear rounded-obtuse at both
ends slightly oblique at the base the apex slightly emarginate, 1 in.
leng, ‘35 in. wide, firmly papery, adpressed pubescent on both sides, dark-
green above paler beneath, lateral nerves 7-8 pairs, indistinct, rachis
o-UG in. long and petiolules ‘1-15 in. rusty-pubescent. Flowers in
copious short-peduncled axillary racemes 3-6 in. long very rarely ex-
ceeding the leaves, about *65—"75 in. wide with crowded tumid nodes
each bearing a dense cluster of unequal short pedicels ‘1 in. long or less,
the various florets of a node expanding successively, rachis.and pedicels
brown silky-pubescent, the pedicels 2-bracteolate under the calyx, the
bracteoles linear ‘08 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, densely brown-silky,
shortly but distinctly toothed, the teeth deltoid the lower subequal, the
102 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No 1,
two upper somewhat united. Corolla rose-purple, *45 in. long, standard
oblong, base cordate 2-glandular. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary
densely pubescent, ovules 5-8. Pod 1—5-seeded narrowed to both ends
1-2°5 in. long, winged along the upper suture.
Perak; very common, Scortechint 1995! Ridley 3024! Kunstler
3039! 5805! Parani; Machado 5812! Matacca; Maingay 603! Derry,
138! 488! Goodenough 1829! Distris. Tenasserim and Martaban.
None of the large suites of specimens sent to Calcutta has fruit; Mr. Baker
describes the pod as exactly like that of D. robusta; he however describes D. robusta
as having a glabrous pod which is never the case. Further Mr. Baker has described
the leaflets of this species as ‘glabrous’ and on this account Father Scortechini has
proposed for the Perak plant the name D. dalbergioides var. dasyphylla, to be
distinguished by its pubescent leaflets from Mr. Baker’s plant. The leaves of the
original specimens collected by Parish and Maingay have, however, leaflets pubescent
on both surfaces exactly as in the Perak plant.
§ 3. Euperris. Robust climbers with medium to large leaflets ;
flowers rather large fasciculate on tumid or produced nodes in axillary
panicles ; stamens monadelphous; base of vexillum without callosities ;
pod thin, broadly oblong or suborbicular, obtuse, winged only along the
upper suture. .
6. Derris uLiainosa Benth. Pl. Jungh. 252. <A widely spreading
shrubby climber sometimes 40 feet long, with glabrous branches ; stems
2-3 in. in diam. Leaves 5-8 in. long, leaflets usually 5, but very often 3,
casually solitary, the terminal exceeding the others, rigidly subcoriaceous,
ovate, acuminate or caudate-acuminate, base always rounded, 3-5 in.
long, 1°5-2°5 in. wide, polished above quite glabrous on both surfaces,
lateral nerves 7-8 pairs, very faint, looping at their ends some way
within margin, bright green above paler beneath, rachis 2-5 in. long,
channelled above and glabrous as are the petiolules ‘25 in. long, secon-
dary nerves indistinct. Flowers in rather short showy axillary racemes,
3-5 in. long, with nodes produced into short stalks each bearing one or
several subequal pedicels the flowers of a fascicle opening subsimul-
taneously, rachis and pedicels glabrous, the node-stalks ‘15 in., the
pedicels proper as long, bracteolate at base and again 2-bracteolate a
little below the calyx. Culyxz *165 in. long, subglabrous except the
shortly ciliate subtruncate margin, rather wide-campanulate. Oorolla
delicate rose-pink, ‘4 in. long, standard orbicular base subcordate eglan-
dular. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary finely puberulous, ovules 5-7,
Pod obliquely rounded-oblong 1-5 in. long, 1°75 in. across, glabrous, —
pale straw-colour when ripe, thin, flat, distinctly reticulately-veined ;
seed solitary, yellowish-brown, much compressed, 1 in. long almost as
broad. Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 107; Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 141; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. Il, 241. Robinia uliginosa Roxb.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 108
ex Willd. Sp. Pl. III, 1133. Galedupa uliginosa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53;
Fl. Ind. III, 243. Pongamia uliginosa DC. Prodr. IT, 416; Wall. Cat.
5879 (excl. H.); W. & A. Prodr, 262. Pterocarpus uliginosus Roxb.
ex G. Don. Gen. Syst. IT, 377.
In all the provinces, on the sea-coasts and on muddy tidal-river
‘banks, common. UDzsrris. Sea-shores from Hastern Africa and the Mas-
carene Islands to Malaya and Western Polynesia.
| Mr. Bentham would refer here Derris Forsteniana Bl. (Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
144); this hardly seems probable owing to Miquel’s description of the leaves as
having 3 pairs of leaflets. Mr. Baker would also refer here Dalbergia heterophylla
Willd. (Sp. Pl. III, 901). but this again is very improbable for D. heterophylla has,
according to the original description, obtuse leaves, which Derris uliginosa never
has ; as, also, racemes longer than the leaves, which those of D. uliginosa never are.
7. Derris execans Benth. Pl. Jungh. IJ, 252. <A rather slender
creeper sometimes 60 feet long, with brown pubescent branchlets.
Leaves 8-12 in. long, dark-green, leaflets 5 (very rarely 3 or 7) the
terminal exceeding the others, rigidly subcoriaceous, from oblong to
lanceolate, base always somewhat rounded, 3-8 in. long, 1‘5-4 in. wide,
glabrous above, when young rusty-pubescent (sometimes persistently so)
beneath, rachis rusty-pubescent 4 in. long, petiolules glabrescent ‘2 in.
long with rigid subulate stipels ‘1 in. long, lateral veins 6-8 pairs pro-
minent like midrib beneath. Flowers in solitary or fascicled axillary
. racemes 2-3 in. long, always much shorter than the leaves, nodes
bracteate tumid but not produced into stalks, each bearing one or several
subequal pedicels, rachis and pedicels rather densely villous with spread-
ing rusty pubescence, the pedicels filiform ‘35 in. long with 2 linear
bracteoles a little below the calyx. Calyx ‘15 in. long, black purple,
sparsely pubescent, margin subtruncate. Corolla pure-white with pink
tips, ‘4-5 in, long, standard orbicular-oblong tapering at base eglandular.
_ Stamens monadelphous. Ovary softly villous, ovules 2-4. Pod obliquely
rounded-oblong or oblong 1°5 (rarely 2°5 in.) long, 1 in. wide, thin, flat,
distinctly reticulated, covered throughout with a fine sparse pubescence ;
seeds 1, rarely 2, much compressed °75 in, in diam.
Var. typica ; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute, becoming at length
subglabrous beneath, flowers ‘5 in. long. Derris elegans Benth. Pl. J ungh.
I, 252; Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 109; Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. IT,
242. Pongamia elegans Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5883. Pongamia floribunda
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5884. Leguminosa Wall, Cat. 7540.
- Anpamans ; King’s Collectors ! Purax ; Kunstler 1419! 3911! Drgrnis.
Tenasserim and Martaban ; Sumatra (Forbes /)
— Var. vestita; leaflets oblong-acuminate to ovate-acute, densely
persistently rusty-velvety beneath, flowers rather smaller -4 in. long.
D. vestita Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 242.
104 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Matacca; Maingay 608! Perak; Scortechint 1758! Kunstler 2775!
4014! 5583! 7398! Distris.; Tenasserim.
The only differences between the two plants are in the points noted; their fruits
are identical. The species is evidently closely related to D. uliginosa and has very
similar pods; these however are always rather narrower in proportion to their
length and further differ in occasionally being 2-seeded. But the inflorescence
differs in the two in that the nodes of D. elegans are not produced ; and the leaves
differ markedly from those of D. wliginosa in shape, and as to pubescence. The
most striking peculiarity of D. elegans is however the presence of stipels, a feature
most unusual in Derris, but equally manifest in both varieties.
§ 4. DrpreropEeRRIS. Robust climbers with large leaflets, flowers
medium on tumid or produced nodes in terminal and axillary panicles ;
stamens monadelphous, base of vexillum without callosities ; pod winged
down both sutures.
8. Derris ANDAMANICA Prain. A strong climber with fulvous or
tawny-pubescent branches. Leaves 10-16 in. long; leaflets pale-green
7-9 (rarely 5) coriaceous, oblong or elliptic shortly cuspidate, base
rounded, 5-6 in. long 2-3 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral
nerves 8-10 pairs spreading faint below not visible above except in
young leaves, secondary veining fine, rachis 6-12 in. long glabrous as
are the petiolules ‘25 in. Flowers in ample terminal and axillary
panicles, the branches rather numerous ascending 5-8 in. long, nodes
tumid or produced into short stalks sometimes ‘75-1 in. long, bearing
several unequal filiform pedicels either clustered at their tips or scatter-
ed throughout their extent, rachis and branches pale tawny-pubescent,
pedicels puberulous ‘2—3 in. long exceeding the calyx, bracteate at their
base and 2-bracteolate under the calyx. Oulyx wide-campanulate ‘12 in,
long, densely silky, green, margin subentire. Corolla white *6 in. long,
standard orbicular, base ecallose shallow-cordate.. Stamens monadel-
phous. Ovary finely pubescent; ovules 4, Pod finely tawny-silky, thin,
strap-shaped, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. wide, winged subequally along both
sutures, wings ‘12 in. wide; seeds 1-3. Derris sinuata Prain in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. LX, 2, 311 not of Benth.
Anpamans ; from Coco Group southwards; ccmmon on the coasts.
NicoBaRs; common.
This fine species has not, so far, been collected outside the limits of the
Andamans and Nicobars. Originally referred in the Calcutta Herbarium to Derris
sinuata, recent and fuller suites of specimens now show that its nearest alliance is
with the Sonth Indian D. eualata Bedd., but it has longer pedicels and smaller
bracteoles than has that species, and has a silky pod.
9. Derris arrinis Benth. Pl. Jungh, 252. A climber with pale-
brown lenticular glabrous branches. Leaves 6 in. long, pale-green,
leaflets 5 subequal, firmly chartaceous, ovate-acute base rounded, 2°5 in.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 105
long, 1:25 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 10 pairs
prominent on both sides running almost to margin of blade, rachis 3°5
in., glabrous as are the petiolules *2 in. long. Flowers in lax axillary
panicles 6-8 in. long, sparingly branched, branches 2°5 in. long or less,
spreading, nodes tumid but not produced into stalks, bearing one or more
unequal filiform pedicels, rachis and pedicels sparsely adpressed-puberu-
Jous, the pedicels ‘2 in. long rather longer than the calyx, bracteate at
their base, 2-bracteolate close under the calyx. Calyx campanulate °12
in. long, subglabrous, purplish, margin sinuate-toothed, Corolla appa-
rently white, ‘35 in. long, standard orbicular ecallose, Stamens mona-
delphous. Ovary sparsely hairy; ovules about 4, Derris uliginosa VaR.
Loureirit Benth. in Journ. Linn, Soc. IV, Suppl. 108 in part. Ponganria
uliginosa Wall. Cat. 5879 (E only) not of DC.
Penance; Wallich ! |
Nearly related to D. marginata Bth. from which it differs mainly in having
shorter pedicels 2-bracteolate close under the calyx, and in having rather smaller
leaflets with more numerous nerves. It seems also very nearly related to the next
species from which it differs in its shorter panicles and its leaflets with more numer-
ous and more prominent nerves, It is besides nearly related to D. amena but differs
in having thinner leaves, and laxer panicles with spreading not fastigiate branches.
10. Derris FLoRIBUNDA Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 105.
A stout rambling shrub with glabrous whitish branches, Leaves 4—5 in.
long, leaflets 3-5, pale-green, thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic-oblong,
base rounded, apex shortly and obtusely acuminate, 2-2°5 in. long 1-1°5
in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 4 pairs very faint
beneath not visible above, rachis 3-4 in. long, glabrous as are the
petiolules -25 in. long. Flowers in long lax axillary panicles sometimes
15-18 in. long, sparingly branched, the branches 4-6 in. long, spreading,
nodes distant tumid, sometimes produced into stalks bearing 2-6 unequal
_ filiform pedicels, rachis and pedicels sparsely spreading-puberulons, the
pedicels *4 in. long, 2-bracteolate at base of calyx, Calyx campanulate
"]2 in. long, purple-brown, margin crenate. Corolla white, ‘3 in. long.
standard orbicular ecallose with a green spot above the long claw.
Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sparsely puberulous, ovules 2-3. Bra-
chypterum floribundum Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 139.
Perak; Larut, Scortechini 2180! Disrris. Java.
The Perak specimens have pedicels rather more glabroes than the Java ones;
otherwise they agree very closely. Miquel refers the plant doubtfully to Bra-
chypterum ; to the writer it seems as if its affinities were rather with Dipteroderris ;
unfortunately the pod is still unknown. The Perak plant is 2-ovuled, the Java
one 3-ovuled, in all the flowers examined by the writer.
11. Derrts amana Benth. Pl. Jungh. 252. A large glabrous
climber reaching 50 feet, with black branches. Leaves 6-8 in. long,
spe te ES
106 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
leaflets bright-green, 7 (sometimes 9, rarely 5), rigidly subcoriaceous to
coriaceous, ovate-oblong cuspidate, base rounded to cuneate, 2-4 in. long,
1-2 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves numerous
parallel spreading indistinct beneath visible above, rachis 4-6 in.,
glabrous as are the petiolules ‘25 in. long. Flowers in rather dense,
fastigiately branched, axillary panicles 6-9 in. long, lower branches
almost equalling main-rachis, nodes rather close often produced in short
stalks bearing usually 3 unequal filiform pedicels, rachis and pedicels
glabrous, the pedicels *25 m. long, 2-bracteolate a short distance below
calyx. Calyx campanulate °12 in., glabrescent, mouth sinuately-toothed.
Corolla pink (Ridley) or purple (Kunstler), °3 in. long, standard orbieular
ecallose. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary sparsely puberulous; ovules
usually 2. Pod thin glabrous ligulate-oblong flexible finely veined, 3-4
in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide, upper wing °25 in. wide, lower narrow; seeds
usually 2, sometimes solitary.
Var. typica ; leaves rigidly subcoriaceous green beneath. D. amena
Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 110; Bak. im Flor. Brit. Ind. IT.
245. Pongamia amena Wall. Cat. 5912.
Perak; Kunstler 1381! Scortechini 1736! Matacea; Maingay!
Distris. Tenasserim. )
Var. Matngayana; leaves coriaceous glaucous beneath. Dervis
Maingayana Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 2406.
Masacea ; Derry! Stnearore; Maingay! Hullett! Ridley 6402 !
It seems impossible, now that large suites of specimens have been sent from
Malacca by Mr. Derry, to treat these two plants as more than varieties of one
species. Mr. Derry gives two local names for his plant, ‘ Aker-tuwba-tuba’ and
: Aker-pakidah.’
§ 5. Paraperris. Robust climbers with large leaflets, flowers large
on usually produced nodes in axillary panicles; stamens monadelphous ;
base of vexillum with two callosities extending along the claw; pod
winged down the upper suture.
12. Derris eLuiprica Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1V, Suppl. 111. A
large climbing shrub 20-30 feet long with black warted branches and
rusty-pubescent young shoots. Leaves 9-15 in. long, dull greyish-green,
leaflets 9-13 subequal, at first membranous, with age subcoriaceous,
oblong to oblanceolate-oblong cuspidate, 3-6 in. long, 1-13 in. wide,
pubescent beneath, at first puberulous at length glabrous above, rachis
6-9 in. long, rusty-pubescent faintly grooved above, petiolules *2 m. long
rusty-pubescent, lateral veins 8-10 pairs prominent beneath as is the
midrib. Flowers in copious lax axillary racemes 9-10 in. long, never
exceeding the leaves, nodes produced into distinct stalks ‘3—-1°3 in. long,
each bearing one or more (usually 3) subequal pedicels, rachis and
1897.]. G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 107
pedicels densely rusty-tomentose the pedicels slender *25 in. long,
bracteolate at their bases and 2-bracteolate under the calyx. Calya
"25 in., densely rusty-pubescent, wide-campanulate the mouth sinuately
subtruncate. Corolla from pure white (Scortechini) to white with pink
tinge (Kunstler) or dull pink (Wray), ‘65 in. long, standard densely
silky on the back, orbicular with rounded 2-callose base. Stamens
monadelphous. Ovary vilious, ovules usually 4 (sometimes 3, rarely 5).
Pod oblong to lanceolate, 1-4-seeded, 1°5-3°5 in. long, ‘75 in. wide,
distinctly winged along upper, faintly along lower suture. Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 243. Galedupa elliptica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53;
Flor. Ind. ITI, 242. Pongamia elliptica Wall. Pl. As. Rar. III, 20, t.
237; Cat. 5881; Wight, Ic. t.420; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 148. Pon-
gamia dubia Grah. in Wall, Cat. 5899. Porgamia volubilis Zoll. &
Mor. Syst. Verzeichn. 3; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. J, 148. Millettia pachy-.
carpa Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 106 in part (as to the Malacca locality).
Maracca; Griffith! Maingay! Purax; Scortechini 1738! Wray
1678! 1695! 3323! Kumstler 1431! Distris. Northwards through
Tenasserim to Chittagong; southwards through Sumatra to Java.
Mr. Wray gives ‘ Aker-tuba’ as the Malay name of this species. It has a
true Derris pod but differs markedly from the other species by its standard silky on
the outside. When they are only in flower and the leaves of both are still young it
is very difficult without careful examination to distinguish this species from Millettia
pachycurpa. This is Zollinger’s Pongamia volubidis of which there are authentic
specimens at Calcutta; it is also said by Mr. Bentham to be the same as P. Hors-
fieldii Miq. and P. hypoleuca Miq.; neither of these is represented in Herb. Calcutta.
J3.. Derris MALAccENSIS Prain. A rather slender creeper 30-50
feet long with glabrous branches. Leaves 9-15 in. long, bright-green,
leaflets 5-7 (rarely 9), subequal, subcoriaceous, elliptic, base rounded
apex caudate-acuminate, 4-6 in. long 2-2°5 in. wide, the caudate tip
*35—6 in. long, glabrous on both surfaces, rachis 6-8 in. long, glabrous
hardly grooved above, petiolules ‘25 in. glabrous, lateral veins about 5
pairs indistinct. Flowers in solitary axillary racemes 4—6 in. long always
much shorter than the leaves, nodes produced in stalks ‘15-2 in. long
each bearing one or several subequal pedicels, rachis and pedicels
glabrescent, the pedicels filiform ‘25 in. long bracteolate at base and
with 2 small lanceolate bracteoles very near base of calyx. Calya ‘15
in. long reddish, wide-campanulate, glabrous except the ciliate slightly
sinuate margin. Corolla white or yellow tinged with pink, ‘65 in. long,
standard orbicular truncate or subcordate at the 2-callose base. Stamens
monadelphous. Ovary densely rusty-pubescent ; ovules 4-5. Pod oblong
winged or not, glabrous, 1—4-seeded, 2-3 in. long.
Var. typica; pod 1°5 in. wide, winged along the upper suture, some-
times along both. Derris cuneifolia var. malaccensis Benth. Journ. Linn,
Soc. IV, Suppl. 112.
108 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1 .
Prexak; Larut, Goping, etc. Kunstler 4028! 4149! 4504! 8551!
Scortechint 110! Mauacca; Griffith 1774! Singapore; Ridley ! Distr.
Tenasserim ; Borneo.
Var. ? aptera; pod 1 in. wide, wingless; leaflets with lateral veins
stronger beneath.
Mauacca; Maingay 613! Perak; Kunstler 4518! 6428!
Var. ? millettioides; pod and leaflets as in var.? aptera but the
former usually longer and ultimately dehiscing (as in Millettia) along
both sutures.
Perak ; Ulu Bubong, Kunstler 10696 !
The plant here described as Derris malaccensis is extremely closely related to
D. cuneifolia of which indeed it was treated by Mr. Bentham as a variety. Its
leaves differ mainly in having fewer but larger leaflets with long caudate-acuminate
tips; the flowers, too, are considerably larger and of a somewhat different colour :
the pods of D. maluccensis are also much larger than those of D. cuneifolia, It
must also, from the description of that plant, be very nearly allied to D. montana
Benth. (Pl. Jungh. 253) a Java species not represented in Herb. Calcutta. The
foliage of the two is evidently almost identical but the flowers are a little larger in
D. montana, being ‘75 in. long. D. malaccensis is thus evidently intermediate be-
tween D. cunetfolia and D. montana as regards its petals; it is likewise intermediate
as regards ovary. Mr. Bentham ascribes two ovules to D. cwneifolia and this is
almost always the case; in one or two flowers, however, three ovules have been
found; Mr. Baker indeed says that the pod of D. cuneifolia may be 3-seeded,—this
no Calcutta specimen shows. To D. montana Mr. Bentham ascribes “about 8
ovules ;”’ D. malaccensis has had, in almost every flower examined, 4 ovules and in
some pods it has 4 seeds; one or two ovaries with 5 ovules have been met with,
but never more than 5 have been seen.
The plants named var. ? aptera and VAR. ? millettioides are placed here merely
for convenience of reference. They are both reported in fruit only, and as they
have almost exactly the leaves of Derris malaccensis it seems better for the present
to refer to them under that species. As regards vAR.? aptera indeed this is the
more essential since two gatherings from Perak (Wray 2025! Kunstler 3190!), and ©
one from Penang (Curtis 2735!) have pods intermediate between those of VAR. ?
aptera and those of D. malaccensis. The pods of var.? aptera are, however,
obviously those of a Pongamia rather than those of a Derris, if Pongamia be
really entitled to a separate generic position, which the writer hardly believes.
The distinguishing character is a quite artificial and, as these very plants show, a
somewhat inadequate one.
The existence of var. ? millettioides raises an even more troublesome question,
the relationship of Millettia to Derris. The arrangement adopted in the Genera
Plantarwn, the Histoire des Plantes and the Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien places
Derris and Pongamia among the Dalbergiee and Millettia among the Galegex. This
then, considering the great authority of the authors who have sanctioned it, must
be accepted as the most natural arrangement possible. That a more inconveni.
ent one could hardly be devised has, however, been the experience of most field
botanists and of most authors who have had to deal with the species belonging to the
genera. For these genera are so closely allied that they only differ, and that merely
1897.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 109
‘on paper,’ in the “tardy dehiscence” of the pod in Millettia, its ‘“indehiscence ”
in Pongamia and Derris. Asa matter of fuct Mr. Bentham has placed in Derris a
species (D microptera) the pods of which dehisce, while Mr. Kurz has placed in
Millettia a species (M. monticola) that has the pods of a Derris. No taxonomist,
however able, can venture in the absence of fruit to do more than suggest to which
of thethree genera a particular species should be referred. A fourth genus to
which similar remarks apply is Lonchocarpus; this only differs from species of
Derris that have thin pods, exactly as Pongamia differs from species of Derris that
have turgid pods, in having sutures without wings, It is, moreover, a suspicious
fact that Koorders and Valeton (Bijdr. II,) find the same difficulty in separating
Pongamia from Millettia.
In the works of Roxburgh and of Wight and Arnott, also in Bentham’s account
of the Leguminose in Plant. Junghuhn., Millettia was not divorced from Derris and
its allies ; Miquel and Kurz, too, continued to place the genera side by side. And
certainly if they have adopted the less natural method of arrangement, it cannot be
denied that, in so doing, these authors have retained a much more convenient oue.
29. KuUNSTLERIA Prain.
Woody climbers with unequally pinnately 1-7-foliolate exstipellate
leaves ; stipules small, deciduous. Hlowers rather small in ample ter-
minal thyrsoid panicles extending into the axils of the upper leaves;
pedicels solitary, nodes nottumid. Calyz campanulate, teeth lanceolate
the two upper connate. Corolla distinctly exserted; standard ovate
entire; keel boat-shaped the petals slightly cohering. Stamens diadel-
phous the upper one quite free from the other 9 and adnate at base to
standard claw; anthers versatile uniform on alternately short and long
free filaments. Ovary sessile, few-ovuled ; style incurved filiform, stigma
capitate. Pod thin, flat strap-shaped membranaceous or coriaceous,
indehiscent, style terminal, sutures not winged. Seeds 1-3, much com-
pressed, oblong; radicle inflexed. Species 5, Malayan.
This interesting genus possesses the habit of Spatholobus with the calyx and
almost the corolla and stamens of that genus. It differs, however, in having its
flowers solitary in place of fascicled on tumid nodes; in having exstipellate leaflets
varying in number in different species from 1-7; and in having the pod quite
indehiscent with the seeds centrally not terminally situated, in this last character
being indistinguishable from Lonchocarpus. From Lonchocarpus however Kunstleria
differs in having the flowers unfascicled, in having the calyx toothed, and in having
the stamens diadelphous. As regards inflorescence Kunstleria agrees exactly with
Derris § Aganope and agrees moreover with that group of species in having the
vexillary stamen free. But here again Kunstleria differs in having a wingless pod
and a toothed calyx, and in having the free stamen aduate to the standard claw.
With the calyx of Spatholobus then, we have associated in Kunstleria the inflorescence
of Aganope and the pod of Lonchocarpus.
The genus is dedicated to the memory of Herr H. H. Kanetlogs one of the most
enthusiastic, as he was one of the most painstaking and faithful of the collectors
who have laid down their lives in the cause of science in the tropics.
110 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Leaflets solitary, with petiolules attached slightly within margin
of lamina :—
Leaflets and petioles glabrous on both surfaces .., « la. K. Curtigu,
Leaflets and petioles subscabridly pubescent Ake os. 1b. K. Curtin
VAR. laxiflora.
Leaflets several, with petiolules attached to margin of lamina :—
Leaves 3-foliate, (leaflets and petioles glabrous ; pods narrower
than in the other species of which pods are known) «. 2. -K, Keng.
Leaves 5-foliate :—
Leaflets thickly coriaceous, densely ferruginous underneath 3, K. Forbesit.
Leaflets chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces.. 4, K. Ridleyi.
Leaves 7-foliate, (leaflets and petioles subscabridly cuteegentl 5. K. Derryi.
1. Konstierta Curtistr Prain. A shrubby climber with slender
branches; bark brownish lenticular. Leaves 5-8 in. long, leaflet 1,
ovate-lanceolate 4-6°5 in. long, 2°5 in. wide, apex acute base rounded,
lateral nerves ascending 4-5 pairs rather prominent as is the midrib
beneath, margin entire; rigidly chartaceous, pale-green ; petiole *75-1°5
in. long, petiolule -25 in. subpeltately attached. Flowers in copious
terminal and axillary panicles 8-12 in. long, 5-8 in. across, rachis and
branches rusty-pubescent ; pedicels pubescent ‘08 in. long. Calyx cam-
panulate densely pubescent, ‘15 in. long, teeth triangular except the
upper broadly deltoid bifid at tip half as long as tube. Corolla apparent-
ly purple, ‘25 in. long, standard ovate-oblong. Pod thin flat densely
rusty-pubescent, 5 in. long 1 in. wide, 2-3 seeded.
Var. typica; leaves above and petioles glabrous, leaves beneath
and petiolules sparsely adpressed-pubescent with whitish hairs; rachis
and branches of panicles sparsely rusty-pubescent; pods distinctly
reticulated.
Penane; at Tulloh Bahang, Curtis 3019! :
Var. laxiflora; leaves on both surfaces subscabridly, petioles and
petiolules densely softly pubescent with rusty tomentum, as are the
rachis and branches of the laxer more spreading panicles; pods more
densely velvety not visibly reticulated.
Pancxore ; Tulloh Sera, Curtis 1632!
The calyx and corolla, so far as the limited material goes, are not distinguish-
able in these two plants. The measurements of pod given are taken from fruits of
the typical variety; the pods of the other are much smaller but are apparently not
so far advanced. When fuller material of these two plants is available it may be
necessary to consider them specifically distinct; on the other hand their leaves,
but for the different pubescence, are quite similar and it may prove unnecessary to
separate them even as varieties.
2. Kunstieria Kinait Prain. A very extensive climber over 100
feet long, with slender branches; bark brown lenticular. Leaves 5-8 in.
long, leaflets 3 ovate-lanceolate 4-6 in. long, 1:5-2 in. wide, apex acute,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 111
base of lateral leaflets rounded, of central rather the larger shortly
cuneate, lateral nerves ascending 5-6 pairs rather prominent as is the
midrib beneath, margin entire; firmly chartaceous pale-green glabrous
on both surfaces, petiole glabrous 1'5—2'5 in. long, petiolules glabrous ‘2
in. marginally attached. lowers in copious terminal and axillary
panicles 8-12 in. long, 5-8 in. across, rachis and branches rusty-pubes-
cent; pedicels pubescent ‘08 in. long. Calyx campanulate densely
pubescent ‘15 in. long, teeth triangular except the upper broadly deltoid
bifid at tip almost as long as tube. Oorolla dark-purple, ‘25 in. long,
standard oblong. Pod thin flat densely brown-pubescent and distinctly
reticulated, 2-4 in. long, ‘6 in wide, 1-2 seeded, seeds oblong 1°25 in,
long, ‘5 in. wide, cotyledons thin and leaf-like, testa very dark brown.
Perak ; Larut, Kunstler 3830! 6870! 6935!
Among the many specimens sent by Mr Kunstler only one has a leaf with a
solitary leaflet, all the other leaves are 3-foliolate. The individual leaflets are
extremely like those of typical K. Curtisii and only differ in not being slightly
peltate and in being hardly so thick; the pods however are very different.
3. Kunstierta Forsestt Prain. A small shrubby climber 6-10
feet long, with densely rusty-pubescent branches. Leaves 8-10 in. long,
leaflets 5 elliptic, 3°5-5 in. long, 2—2°5 in. wide, terminal rather exceeding
the others, bases of all rounded, apex rounded shortly abruptly acuminate,
lateral nerves spreading, 6-9 pairs, rather prominent as is the midrib
beneath, margin entire; rigidly coriaceous dark-green subscabrid above
densely rusty velvety beneath, petiole rusty-puberulous 3°5 in. long,
petiolules -25 in. densely rusty-pubescent. lowers in rather strict ter-
minal and axillary panicles 12-18 in. long 5-6 in. wide, rachis and
branches densely rusty-velvety, as are the very short pedicels and
lanceolate bracts ‘1 in. long. Calyzcampanulate, densely rusty-velvety,
15 in. long, teeth lanceolate except the triangular slightly bifid upper
almost as long as tube. Corolla deep lake-red, ‘25 in. long, standard
oblong. Pod not seen.
Perak; Salama, Kunstler 3094! Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 3241! ).
4, Konstteria Ripteyt Prain. A climber with slender puberu-
lous brauches. Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets 5 elliptic, 2-3°5 in. long, 1°25-2
in. wide, terminal considerably larger than the others, bases of all nar-
rowly truncate, apex tapering to a finally somewhat abrupt blunt point,
lateral nerves ascending, 5-6 pairs, rather prominent as is the midrib
beneath ; margin entire, firmly chartaceous pale-green glabrous on both
surfaces, petiole sparsely pubescent 2-3 in, long, petiolules rusty-pubes-
cent, ‘2 in. long, marginally attached. lowers in rather strict terminal
and axillary panicles 12-18 in. long, 4-65 in. across, rachis and branches
sparsely rusty-pubescent ; pedicels very short, and subulate bracts ‘08 in.
112 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
long, densely rusty. Calyzx campanulate densely rusty, -15 in. long, teeth
triangular except the broadly deltoid slightly bifid upper, rather more
than half as long as tube. Corolla ‘25 in. long, standard broadly ovate.
Pod thin flat densely rusty-pubescent and distinctly reticulated, 6 in.
long 1°25 in. wide.
SinGAPorE ; Ridley, 6395 !
A very distinct species, in inflorescence most resembling K. Forbesii but with
leaves of the consistence and appearance of those of K. Kingii, though with 5 leaflets
in place of 3. The pod however is very different from that of K. Kingii, and
resembles that of K. Curtisi, the chief difference being that the meshes of the reti-
culations on the valves are much opener in XK. Ridleyi than in K. Curtisit.
5. Kunstiterta Derryt Prain. A climber with densely pale-rusty
pubescent branches. Leaves 6-8 in, long, leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate, 1-3
in. long ‘75-15 in. wide, terminal with deltoid base considerably exceed-
ing the lateral with rounded bases, all with cuneate apex, lateral nerves
ascending 6-7 pairs, rather prominent as is the midrib beneath, margin
entire; rigidly chartaceous pale-green subscabridly pubescent on the
nerves above, uniformly subscabrid beneath as are the petioles 2°5-3 in.,
and the marginally attached petiolules ‘2 in. long. lowers in rather
strict terminal and axillary panicles 12-15 in. long 2-3 in. wide, rachis
and brauches softly pale-rusty as are the very short pedicels and the
very small lanceolate bracts. Calyx campanulate, densely rusty-pubes-
cent, “15 in. long, teeth triangular, upper rather broader, notched, half as
long as tube. Corolla dark-purple ‘25 in. long, standard oblong. Pod
not seen.
Matacca; Machap Tebung Road, Derry 1006!
Leaves and branches with exactly the pubescence of K. Curtisii var. laxiflora but
with 7 leaflets instead of a solitary leaflet and with marginally, not subpeltately
attached petiolules.
30. Dawuperara Linn, fil.
Trees or climbing shrubs. Leaves with alternate subcoriaceous
leaflets. Flowers copious, small, in terminal or lateral panicles. Calya
campanulate; teeth 5, distinct, usually short. Corolla exserted ; stand-
ard broad; keel obtuse, with its petals only joined at the tip. Stamens
9-10, monadelphous, the sheath split above, or diadelphous, the sheath
split also down the keel; anthers minute, basifixed, with the cells back
to back, and the slit mostly short and apical. Ovary stalked, few-
ovuled; style short, incurved, glabrous, stigma capitate. Pod oblong
or strap-shaped, usually thin and flat, 1-4-seeded, indehiscent, not
thickened or winged at the sutures. Species 60-70, cosmopolitan in
the tropics.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 113
Stamens in two lateral phalanges of 5 filaments each, pod
thin and flattened except opposite the seeds (§ Dalbergaria) 1. D. volubilis.
Stamens monadelphous :—
Pod thin and flattened except opposite the seed (§ Sissoa)
{unknown in D. Hullettii] :—
Flowers contemporaneous with the leaves; climbing
species :-—
Stendard narrow, claws of petals shorter than calyx
tube :—
Pod very short-stalked ; flowers ‘25 in. long in pani-
cles of congested corymbs (leaflets 1 in. or more in
iength) .. 2. D. confertiflora,
Pod distinctly daineals Howat danas ("15-"2 in. 1)
in lax corymbose cymes :—
Leaflets ‘6-1'5 in. long ; corymbs mostly terminal ;
ovary puberulous Ree -- 3. D, Junghuhnis.
Leaflets ‘2-4 in. long ; corymbs cole axillary
and terminal; ovary glabrous eas o. 4. D. subsympathe-
tica.
Standard orbicular, claws of petals as long as calyx-
tube :—
Leaflets rather numerous, membranous, not cus-
pidate :—
Leaflets 13-17, 15-2 in. long, oblong obtuse or
subacute; racemes large spreading; calyx and
leaves densely pubescent... me 5. D. velutina.
Leaflets 25-41, ‘6="75 in. long, rhombond roa ;
racemes small congested ; calyx and leaves thinly
pubescent... a .. 6. D. tamarindifolia,
Leaflets few (1-5), ae i 2-4 in. ‘eae firm,
abruptly cuspidate s 7. D. pseudo-sissoo,
Flowers preceding the leaves; a small Hes ee of P
petals as long as calyx-tube) ... 8. D. Hullettiz.
Pod uniformly thickened throughout the oe the upper
suture falcate at least when young (§ Selenolobiwm) :—
Pods flattened, reticulated, always 1-seeded, (upper
suture recurved when ripe) :—
Leaflets usually 5, small (under 1 in. long), obovate-
oblong obtuse; flowers many in congested panicles 9. D. torta,
Leaflets usually 3, large (3-3'5 in. long), ovate-
lanceolate acute ; flowers few in short spikes -. 10. D. menoérdes.
Pods turgid, smooth, often 2-seeded :—
Upper suture recurved when ripe, pod puberulous;
leaflets acuminate, large (4-6 in. long), prominently
veined and when young densely pubescent beneath,
thickly coriaceous seg se ya. 11. D. Kunstleri.
Upper suture convex like lower when ripe, pod
glabrous; leaflets glabrous obtuse slightly emar-
ginate, smaller (2~3°5 in. long), not prominently
veined beneath, thinly coriaceous nae ww. 12, D. parviflora,
fit, 15
114 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
§ 1. Daupercaria. Pod thin and flattened except opposite the
seeds. Stamens diadelphous in two lateral phalanges of 5 filaments each.
1. Daxpereta votusitis Roxb. Cor. Pl. II, 48+. 191. <A large woody
climber, 40-60 feet high, with twining glabrescent branches here and
there thickened and twisted into spiral hooks. Leaves 4-5 in. long,
leaflets 11-13 obovate, or ovate-oblong rounded, obtuse or slightly retuse
faintly mucronulate at apex, dark-green above paler beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces, ‘75-1 in. long ‘5—'75 in. across; racbis 3-4 in. long and
petiolules *15 in. long, quite glabrous. Flowers in copious terminal and
axillary panicles 8-12 in. long with glabrous peduncles and with
numerous horizontal or decurved puberulous branches J-3 in. long
bearing corymbose cymes, ultimate corymbs densely congested; bracts
at base of branches of panicle small ovate subpersistent; pedicels
slender puberulous, lower ‘2 in. long upper very short with a small lan-
ceolate persistent bracteole at base and two small ovate ones embracing
the lower fifth of calyx-tube. Calyx campanulate, densely puberulous ‘1
in. long, teeth lanceolate lowest exceeding the others. Corolla pale-blue
25 in. long, standard broadly orbicular emarginate, reflexed at junction
of blade and claw. Stamens 10, in two lateral groups of 5 each. Pod
distinctly stalked, lmear-oblong obtuse membranous, 2-3 in. long, 1 in.
wide; 1—2-seeded. Hort. Beng. 53; FI. Ind. III, 231; DC. Prodr. IT,
417; Wall. Cat. 5874; W. & A. Prodr. 265; Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. IV, Suppl. 46; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 235.
ANDAMANS; very common. Disrris, Throughout India and Indo-
China.
By an oversight this is described in the F. B. I. as having ebracteate pedicels ;
in reality each pedicel has three persistent bracteoles, one at its base, two at its
apex.
§ 2. Sissoa. Pod thin and flattened except opposite the seeds.
Stamens monadelphous.
2. DALBERGIA CONFERTIFLORA Benth. Pl. Jungh. 255. A large
climber with sparsely puberulous, soon glabrescent branches. Leaves
4-6 in. long, leaflets firm 11-15, oblong obtuse or retuse, green and
glabrous above paler and sparsely puberulous beneath, 1-1'5 in. long,
‘5-75 in. wide; rachis 3—4in. long, glabrous as are the petiolules °2 in.
long. Flowers rather smallin ample termiual and axillary panicles, 3—6 in.
long, of corymbosely or subcapitately crowded cymes; peduncle and
branches rather densely pubescent ; bracts puberulous minute ovate deci-
duous; solitary bracteoles at base of pedicels also ovate deciduous ; pair
at base of calyx ovate-lanceolate persistent embracing lower fifth of calyx-
tube. Calyx ‘15 in. long, pubescent, rather narrowly tubular, teeth short
obtuse, one-third as long as tube except the lower lanceolate half as long
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 115
as tube. Corolla white *25 in. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9
monadelphous. Pod thin glabrous, 2-3 in. long °75-1 in. wide, 1-3-
seeded, stalk very short. Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 41;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 233. -
ANDAMANS; very common. Distris. Hastern Himalaya, Assam,
Chittagong, Pegu.
A very distinct species; the description of the pod given in the Flora of British
India is apparently taken from another species.
3. Darsereia JuncHuHNIT Benth. Pl. Jungh. 254. A shrubby
climber 15-30 feet long, with twining glabrous branches, here and there
twisted and thickened into spiral hooks. Leaves 4-5 in. long, leaflets
7-15, oblong or elliptic, rounded at both ends faintly emarginate at the
apex, green and glabrous above, glaucescent and glabrous or faintly
puberulous beneath, ‘6-15 in. long ‘35-75 in. wide; rachis 2°5—4 in.
long, petiolules "15 in. long. Flowers minute, secund in an ample ter-
minal and.in smaller axillary paniculate cymes 2 in. wide and as long as
the leaves, peduncle branches and pedicels pubescent; bracts minute
caducous; bracteoles all persistent, one at base of short pedicel lanceo-
late acuminate very minute, two at base of calyx ovate-obtuse embrac-
ing the lower third of calyx-tube. Calyx ‘08 in. campanulate, teeth
short obtuse one-third as long as tube, except the lower acute half as
long as tube. Corolla white, ‘15 in. long, claws of petals short. Stamens
9 monadelphous. Ovary pubescent. Pod thin membranous greenish,
glabrous, 2°5-3 in. long, l-1°3 in. wide, l-seeded, slightly cuneate at base
and distinctly stalked.
Var. typica; leaflets usually 7-9, oblong, glabrous or only faintly
puberulous beneath. D. Junghuhni Benth. Journ. Linn. Soe. IV,
Suppl. 33; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 129; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
233.
Penance; 500 feet, Curtis! Manacca; Maingay 547! 547/21 Good-
enough! Derry! Sincarore; Hullett 141! Ridley! Disrris. Sumatra,
Java.
Var. Scortechinii Prain ; leaflets 11-15 elliptic, beneath more close-
ly puberulous especially on midrib.
Penance; Ayer Htam, Curtis 1437! Matacca; Bijong, Scortechini
1830! Maingay 549! Sincapore; Bukit Timah, Ridley 6406! Drorrrs.
Borneo.
| These two plants differ inno way as regards flowers; the leaves however differ
considerably in appearance and it may ultimately be found that the second variety—
of which the fruit is as yet unknown—should be known as a distinct species,
Dalbergia Scortechinit. The original specimens on which Mr. Bentham founded the
species were collected by Junghuhn in Sumatra and by Griffith in Malacca; the
writer has not seen either. Mr. Bentham describes the ovary ag glabrous in his
116 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. gy
specimens, it is hairy in all the specimens above cited where there are flowers. The
most nearly related species are D. subsympathetica, which bas much smaller leaflets
with rather larger flowers in more numerous less ample cymes; and D. sympathetica
which also has rather larger flowers and smaller leaflets. In D. sympathetica how-
ever the leaflets are more numerous and the pod though similar is more shortly
stalked.
Mr. Bentham, who had not seen fruit of this when he wrote, suggested that this
might prove tobe the same as D. parviflora Roxb. One objection to this suggestion
is the very small number of leaflets described by Roxburgh; a still more fatal ob-
jection, however, is in the pod; this Roxburgh describes as falcate,—an indication
that D. parviflora should be sought for in § Selenolobiwm rather than in § Sissoa.
4, DALBERGIA SUBSYMPATHETICA Prain. A tall climber 60-80 feet
long, less often a scandent shrub or small tree 15-30 feet high, with
twining puberulous branches. Leaves 1*5—3 in. long, leaflets 9-15 oblong,
apex truncate or emarginate base wide-cuneate or rounded, green and
glabrous above, paler and pubescent with long adpressed hairs beneath,
‘25-4 in, long, ‘2-3 in. wide; rachis 1-2°5 in. long, densely puberulous,
as are the petiolules ‘lin. long. Flowers minute secund, in small axil-
ary pauiculate cymes, ‘75-1 in. across, as long as the leaves, peduncle
‘5-7 in., branches and pedicels pubescent; bracts minute caducous ;
bracteoles all persistent, one at base of short pedicel lanceolate, acumi-
nate, very minute, two at base of calyx ovate-obtuse embracing lower
fourth of calyx-tube. Calyx :1 in. campanulate, teeth short obtuse one-
third as long as tube, except the lower acute half as long as tube.
Corolla white, *2 in. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9, monadel-
_ phous. Ovary glabrous except along anterior suture. Pod thin.
membranous greenish glabrous, 2°5 in. long, 1 in. wide, 1-seeded ; slight-
ly cuneate at base and distinctly stalked.
Paenane; Curtis 1492! Prrax; Scortechine 201! 1071! Wray 2086!
3205! Kunstler 2354! 3562! 4978! 5182!
Very near D. Junghwhnii and just possibly only a variety of that species; it is
however easily distinguished by its much smaller leaflets and its smaller, more
numerous cymes of rather larger but still very minute flowers.
5. DatBerGIA vELUTINA Benth. Pl. Jungh. 255. <A long climber
with rusty densely pubescent branches. Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets
13-17, oblong obtuse or subacute membranous, 15-2 in. long, ‘6-8 in.
wide, dark-green glabrescent to puberulous above, rusty-puberulous to
pubescent beneath, stipules large densely pubescent, rachis 5-6 in. long
puberulous or pubescent, as are the petiolules ‘lin. long. lowers in
somewhat dense axillary panicles, with corymbose branches, 4 in. long
25 in. wide, the peduncles branches and pedicels densely pubescent,
bracts rather large ovate and bracteoles narrowly lanceolate persistent
pubescent; the pair at base of calyx half as long as pedicel one-third as
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 117
long as calyx-tube. Calyx +15 in. long, pubescent, campanulate, teeth
acute upper shorter than lanceolate lower. Corolla white or pink, ‘25
in. long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube. Stamens 9 monadel-
phous. Pod thin obtuse brownish, short-stalked, 1-seeded, 2-3 in. long,
‘6-7 in. wide.
Var. typica; leaves beneath, leaf-rachis, linear-lanceolate stipules,
peduncles and bracts pale rusty-velvety. D. velutina Benth. Journ.
Linn. Soc. [V, Suppl. 43; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 233. *D. stipulata
Wall. Cat. 5868. |
Matacca; Maingay! Distris. Burma, Assam.
Var. Maingayi Prain ; leaves puberulous glaucescent beneath ; leaf-
rachis, ovate-acuminate stipules, peduncles and bracts very darkly rusty-
puberulous.
Matacoa; Maingay 612! Sincarore; Ridley! Distris. Tenas-
serim (Grifith 1798); Malay Archipelago. ;
The only pods of true D. velutina at Calcutta are still unripe; the description
of the fruit is therefore taken from Mr. Baker’s account: to Mr. Bentham the fruit
was unknown.
Of var. Maingayi which, as a note made in Herb. Kew indicates, is at Kew
treated as a “less hairy variety”’ of D. velutina, the writer has seen no fruit. Not
improbably it may be found ultimately necessary to treat it as a distinct species to
be known as D. Maingayt.
6. DALBERGIA TAMARINDIFOLIA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53. A shrubby
climber, 15-40 feet high with densely pubescent young branches.
Leaves 5-6 in. long, leaflets 25-41, thinly pubescent on both surfaces
rather paler beneath, crowded, trapezoid-oblong, ‘6-75 in. long, ‘3 in.
wide, moderately firm, caducous ; rachis densely puberulous 4°5-5°5 in,
long, petiolules very short ; stipules lanceolate densely puberulous ‘2 in.
long. Flowers with the leaves, in congested sessile axillary panicles
with corymbose branches *5—2 in. long, ‘5-1 in. wide, peduncles, branches
and pedicels densely puberulous, bracts rather large ovate and bracteoles
persistent puberulous ; pedicels as long as calyx with solitary bracteole
as base and two rather large ovate close under calyx, the lower fourth
of which they embrace. Calyx campanulate, glabrescent (in Malayan
specimens), pale greenish-yellow, ‘15in. long, teeth short obtuse. Corolla
white °35 in. long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube. Stamens
usually 9, rarely 10, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2-3. Pod
thin greenish, drying bright-brown, glabrous, long-stalked, strap-shaped,
subacute; 1—3-seeded; not veined nor thickened opposite the seeds,
15-3 in. long, ‘45 wide. Roxb. Flor. Ind. HI, 233 (in part only) ;
Wight, Icones, t. 242 (excluding fig. of fruit); Wall. Cat. 5870; Benth.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 44; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 131; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. I], 234. D. rufa. Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5864.
118 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. &
D. multijuga Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5865. D. lvida Wall Cat. 5866.
D. Blumet Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 400.
ANDAMANS; very common everywhere in the main group; Barren
Island, Prain! Lanekawl; Curtis 2625! Perak; Scortechini 68! Wray
2387! Kunstler 3346! 5963! 6481! 8667! Prnane; Wallich 5665!
Matacca; Maingay 602! Derry 1167! Disrrte. Himalayas from Nepal
eastward; Indo-China; Malay Archipelago.
All the Perak and Malacca specimens agree exactly with D. multijuga Grah.,
and that in turn does not differ even as a variety from D. rufa Grah., with the type
of which Curtis’ Langkawi specimens and the Andaman form exactly coincide.
These two forms differ from the Upper Burma and Himalayan plant in kaving
fewer-fid., laxer panicles, with a glabrescent instead of adowny calyx. The pods are,
however, identical in both. It has been usual to quote Roxburgh without qualifica-
tion as the authority for this species, in spite of the fact that he has described as
belonging to it, the fruit that belongs to D. Millettuw. And it has been also usual to
cite Derris pinnata Lour. as this plant, overlooking the fact that Derris pinnata
has glabrous leaflets and, presumably, only monospermous pods. The writer has
not seen Loureiro’s original specimens; his description of D. pinnata, however,
certainly applies more aptly to D. Millettii than it does to D. tamarindifolia, which
moreover does not appear to have such a root as Loureiro describes. In any case
until specimens can be produced, D. pinnata should be treated as indetermin-
able.
7. DaLBerGia PSEUDO-sTSs0o Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 128. A shrubby
climber 15-25 feet long with twining, glabrous branches. Leaves glab-
rous medium-g¢reen, 6 in. long, leaflets firm 1-5, oblong slightly narrowed
from beyond the middle to the cuneate or rounded base, widely rounded
and abruptly cuspidate at apex, 2-4 in. long 1-2 in. wide, rachis 2-3
in., petiolules ‘25 in. long. lowers in lax axillary panicles with sub-
corymbose branches, 2°5-3°5 in. long and almost as broad, the branches
finely grey-downy ; pedicels ‘15 in. long with slender subulate bracteoles
under the calyx. Calyx campanulate ‘2 in. long, externally puberulous,
teeth widely triangular obtuse much shorter than the tube. Corolla °35
in. long, petals creamy-white with pink tips their claws as long as the
calyx. Stamens 9 monadelphous.. Ovary long-stalked, densely pubes-
cent 1-, or often 2-ovuled, style slender incurved. Pod brownish, strap-
shaped, obtuse, 3-4 in. long, ‘5-65 in. wide, seed solitary. D. Championié
Thw. Enun Pl. Zeyl. 95; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc, IV, Suppl. 39;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 231. D. Sissoo Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 128
not of Roxb.
Perak; Larut, Kunstler 3177! 3840! 3579! 4964! 6565! Scor-
techint 1348! Wray 2098! 2965! Prnane; Government Hill, Curtis!
Singapore; Bukit Mandai and elsewhere, Hullett! Ridley! Distris.
Ceylon; Malay Islands.
The donbt that has hung over the identity of this species has at length been
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 119
cleared up through the kindness of Dr. J. V. Suringar. Both Mr. Bentham and
Mr. Baker have suggested that it may be the same as D. pseudo-sissoo Miq. and in
response to a request made by Dr. King that some Malayan specimens from Calcutta,
which are undoubtedly conspecific with the Ceylon plant, might be compared with
the Miquelian types at Leiden, Dr. Suringar has not only made the necessary com-
parisons but has sent to Calcutta examples of some of the authentic specimens and
very careful drawings of others. These leave no doubt whatever as to the identity
of the two plants named D. pseudo-sissoo and D. Championii. One curious feature
has been noticed in this examination by Dr. Suringar and by the writer. In Ceylon
(as Mr. Bentham found) and in Penang the ovaries appear to be always 1-ovuled;
in Perak, Singapore and Borneo they are oftener 2-ovuled than 1l-ovuled in the
proportion of 7 to 3; in Java they are nearly always 2-ovuled, nine ovaries having
2 ovules for one ovary with 1 ovule. A still more interesting discovery made by Dr.
Suringar is that D. Sissoo Miq. is not D. Sissoo. Roxb. (this no one who considers
what the native habitat of D. Sissoo is, will be surprised to learn), but that it is (what
was hardly to be expected) Dr. Miquel’s own D. pseudo-sissoo.* Dr. Suringar, in con-
firmation of his discovery, has sent to Calcutta an authentic specimen of D. Sissoo
Miq. in Herb. Leiden (not of Roxb.). This then explains the “unfortunate selec-
tion” of name that Mr. Bentham very justly comments upon. Dr. Snringar,
sharing Mr. Bentham’s feeling, suggests that in view of this extraordinary confusion
it would be better to drop Miquel’s name altogether ; and the writer would very
gladly have adopted the suggestion and continued to use Dr. Thwaites’ name D.
Championii, had the dictates of common-sense been of any weight in modern nomen-
clature. But unfortunately there is now no doubt that the plant named D. pseudo-
sissoo by Miquel is the same as that named D. Championi by Thwaites; it cannot be
gainsaid that so far as it goes, the description of D. pseudo-sissoo applies to the
species ; and it isclearthat the name D. pseuwdo-sissoo has nine years’ priority over the
name D. Championii. This being so, Miquel’s name may just as well be given prece-
dence now, seeing that one or other of the bibliographers who pose as botanists
would make the alteration so soon as this note appears, in spite of the fact that
Miquel did not recognise his own species when he saw it.
8. Datsercia Hutverra Prain. A small tree with blackish
rugose rusty-puberulous thickish branchlets, without leaves at time of
flowering. Flowers in short, clustered racemes, I-1°5 in. long, springing
from tufts of triangular rusty-pubescent small bracts in axils of old
leaves; lowest pedicels longer than the rest, slender, *3 in. long, rusty-
pubescent as are the peduncles; bracteoles at base of pedicels solitary
ovate-lanceolate ‘1 in. long persistent, the pair below calyx subulate
very small. Calyx campanulate, densely rusty-tomentose ‘15 in. long,
teeth half as long as tube, acute. Corolla ‘3 in. long, claws of petals as
long as calyx-tube. Stamens 9, rarely 10, monadelphous. Ovary with
densely pubescent stalk ; ovule solitary. Pod unknown.
Srincapore ; Hullett 626!
A very etc species, only once reported. It is nearest to a Bornean tree
apparently as yet undescribed (Haviland n. 2894); the only difference between the
flowers of the two is that in the Bornean plant the ovary is densely woolly; in this
the ovary is quite glabrous though its stalk is pubescent. The Bornean plant has
120 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
leaves with solitary or trifoliolate leaflets; when trifoliolate the lateral leaflets are
subopposite. It thus approaches most nearly to D. pseudo-sissoo which also has
flowers similar to those of D. Hullettii and of Haviland’s species from Borneo.
§ 3. SeneNnotosium. Pod thickened throughout upper suture, re-
curved at least while young.
9. Datpereia ToRTA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5873. An unarmed
littoral climber with twining glabrescent branches often twisted into
spiral hooks. Leaves 3 in. long, leaflets 5 (very rarely 7 or 3), obovate-
oblong obtuse sometimes emarginate, dark-green and glabrous above
paler and sparingly adpressed-puberulous beneath, -6—8 in. long, -4—'6
in. wide; rachis 2 in. long glabrous as are the petiolules ‘1 in. long.
Flowers in sessile congested axillary panicles, 1-2 in. long, with very
slightly puberulous branches, bracts small ovate-lanceolate persistent ;
pedicels very short with a small ovate-lanceolate bracteole at the base
and with two larger ovate bracteoles under the calyx embracing lower
third of its tube. Calyx glabrescent, wide-campanulate, ‘15 in. long,
teeth short, wide-triangular, obtuse. Corolla white, ‘25 in. long, claws
of petals as long as calyx-tube. Stamens 10 monadelphous. Pod brown
flat glabrous, -9 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, upper suture recurved, rather
thick-walled throughout, l-seeded; stalk as long as calyx. D. monos-
perma Dalz. in Hook. Journ. Bot. II, 36; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
IV, Suppl. 48; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 132; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 237.
ANDAMANS: very common on all the coasts of the main group ;
Narcondam, Prain! Prenane; Wallich 5873! Curtis 220! LanexKawt ;
Curtis 2868! Perak; coast at Matong, Scortechini 1099! Wray 2502!
Matacca; at Tanjong Kling, Ridley 3312! Sincapore; growing in salt
water, Kunstler 66! Krangi, Ridley 5576! T. Anderson! Kurz! D1stR1B.
Western coasts of India; Sundribuns; Burma; Borneo; New Guinea;
China.
A purely littoral species. The citation of Wall. Cat. 5879 by Dr. Miquel and
Mr. Baker for this species is due to their having copied the statement from
Mr. Bentham. By an uncorrected printer’s error Mr. Bentham is made in the des-
cription to quote this number, though in the notice of localities the number 5873
is correctly given.
10. DatserGiA MeNoEIDES Prain. An unarmed climber with
glabrous, twining, hooked branches. Leaves 5 in. long, leaflets 3, ovate
lanceolate tapering to both ends, dark-green and glabrous above, paler
and sparsely adpressed-puberulous beneath, 3-3°5 in. long, 1-l*5 in.
wide; rachis 15 in. long, glabrous, petiolules ‘08 in. puberulous.
Flowers very few, sessile, clustered at tips of short puberulous axillary
peduncles ‘15-25 in. long, each with two ovate bracteoles embracing
lower fourth of calyx-tube. Calyx campanulate, externally sparingly
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 121
puberulous *15 in. long, teeth short subequal obtuse. Corolla ‘35 in.
- long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube. Stamens 10 monadelphons.
Ovary glabrous, ovule solitary. Pod greenish,-semilunar, flat, glabrous,
"firm, reticulated throughout, upper suture recurved, !°5 in. long, °70 in.
wide; l-seeded; tip acute, stalk rather longer than calyx.
- Perak ; Krian, Scortechini 1392 !
A very distinct species with leaflets somewhat resembling those of D.
pseudo-sissoo.
11. Datpercia Kounstient Prain. An extensive climber 40-150
feet long with stem 3-6 in. in diam, and pubescent young branches.
Leaves 10-12 in. long, leaflets 7-9, the lateral ones subopposed, dark-
green quite glabrous above, dark-grey when young densely pubescent
when old sparsely puberulous beneath, rigidly coriaceous, elliptic-acumi-
nate, 4-6 in. long, 2 in. wide, with very prominent midrib and 8-9 pairs
of spreading lateral veins beneath, secondary venation also distinct,
rachis 8 in. long, petiolules *3 in. long at first densely pubescent ultimately
glabrescent. Flowers in axillary panicles 4-6 in. long with spreading
rusty-puberulous branches, bracts and bracteoles deciduous, pedicels
under‘lin. Calyx °15 in., teeth lanceolate except the upper, the lowest
twice as long as the tube. Corolla dark-blue, °35 in. long, standard
orbicular emarginate. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary pubescent. Pod
finely, puberulous, rigid, much thickened throughout, I—2-seeded, 1:°5—-2°5
in. long, ‘9 in. wide, ‘3 in. thick, short-stalked, dark-brown to almost
black when ripe, with grey lines alongside the sutures.
Perak; Goping, Kunstler 4736! Kinta, Kunstler 7067 !
A very fine species nearest to D. reniformis; it differs in being a climber
whereas that species is a tree; in having blue flowers whereas that species has them
white; in having larger and thicker leaves and larger pods. The pod is quite
indehiscent but as the seed matures the epicarp cracks alongside both sutures so
that, when quite ripe, the pod, as Kunstler remarks in a field note, shows a ‘“ grey
seam” due to the exposure of the mesocarp along two lines parallel to each suture.
Sometimes the pod consists of but one reniform segment witha solitary seed; usually
however there are two segments though the seed inside the distal segment rarely
developes; when this happens the epicarp does not give way, and there is then no
“orey seam” along the suture.
12. DapEeRGiA PARVIFLORA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98. A strong clim-
ber 30-80 feet long with glabrous branches. Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets
5-9, ovate-lanceolate with obtuse slightly emarginate tips, light-green
quite glabrous on both surfaces, finely reticulately veined beneath, 2-3°5
in. long *75—1°5 in. wide; rachis 2—3 in. and petiolules ‘15 in. long, glab-
rous. Flowers very small in axillary and terminal panicles of congested
dichotomous cymes with puberulous branches; bracts rounded ciliate
deciduous; bracteoles at. base of very short pedicels rounded persistent,
ee The. 1G
122 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
the pair at base of calyx oblong ciliate embracing lower half of tnbe.
Calyx ‘08 in., campanulate, teeth obtuse upper two connate, lower three
subequal all as longas tube. Corolla white, ‘15 in. long, claws of petals
short. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous. Pod turgid 1-3-
seeded ; *75-2 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, when young falecate along upper,
when ripe convex along both sutures, when 2- or 3-seeded torulose
between the seeds. Flor. Ind. III, 225; Mig, Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 132;
Beuth. Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 33. D. Cumingiana Benth. PI.
Jungh. 255; Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 32; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
129. D. Zollingeriana Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 1380. Drepanocarpus
Cumingit Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV, pt. 2. 282.
Anpamans; Helfer 1808! Dinpines; Curtis! Panana; Ridley 1374!
2639! Prrak; Matang Jambu, Wray 2525! Goping, Kunstler 1423!
5973! 6151! Scortechini! Disrris. Malay Archipelago.
Regarding this plant Mr. Hemsley has noted :—“ This agrees with Kew speci-
“mens of D. reniformis Roxb.” This species, however, is a climber whereas D. renifor-
mis is a tree; Roxburgh’s D. reniformis has moreover much larger flowers and, as
in D. Kunstleri, the fruits of D. reniformis remain falcate along the upper suture
even when ripe.
That this is D. parviflora Roxb. hardly admits of a doubt. Mr. Bentham
and Mr. Baker have, indeed, suggested that D. parviflora may be the same as D.
Junghuhnii ; in spite of the very great authority of these authors this suggestion
must be abandoned as untensble. The number and, still more, shape of the
leaflets make the identification impossible; moreover, Roxburgh’s account of the pod
shows that his species must be, as Miquel admits, a Selenolobiwm and not as Bentham
and Baker suppose, a Sissoa. Roxburgh’s description is meagre in the extreme;
but since D. Cumingiana provides a species that exhibits all the characters of D.
parviflora and as no other Malayan species of Dalbergia hitherto found does so, it
seems imperative to use Roxburgh’s name for the species. :
A more interesting question regarding this plant is, however, its supposed
identity with Rumphius’ Lacca lignum (Herb. Amboin. V, 17. t. 18). So far as
Calcutta specimens go the only authority for the belief is the existence of a speci-
men from Halmaheira (Teysmann n. 5668) on which Mr. Teysmann has written
“ Kayoe lakka”’ and another from Tarabangie, Lampongs, Sumatra (Hort. Bogor n.
444,)) also collected by Mr. Teysmann and also marked “ Kayoe lakka.”’ It is re-
markable that our other Sumatra specimens, collected on the R. Rawas by Dr.
H. O. Forbes (Forbes n. 3216), have no note to this effect, and just as remarkable
that collectors so careful as Mr. Ridley, Fr. Scortechini, Herr Kunstler and Mr.
Wray, who have sent us numerons specimens of the same species, should have made
no note regarding it. Their silence renders the matter doubtful, and appears to
afford good ground for Dr. Kuntze’s refusal (Rev. Gen. Plant. 1, 158) to accept the
identification proposed by Teysmann and adopted by Hasskar! (Neue Schluessel zu
Rumph. p. 90). As Kuntze justly remarks, the meagre account of the flower given
by Rumphius does not fit the present species since Ramphius says it has two
petals, and though the general habit agrees that alone hardly suffices for identifica-
tion. The calyx of the only open flower in the figure quite accords with the calyx
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 123
of our plant and the fruit also quite agrees. But the uppermost branchlets are
shown as curved and twisted like those of D. torta while those lower down are
figured as passing into spines like those of D. spinosa, two species that, though they
belong to the same section of Dalbergia, are nevertheless very different from D.
parviflora. None of our very numerous specimens show either hooks or spines, nor
have any of the field-notes that accompany the specimens a reference to spines on
the stem. .
In the Herbarium of the Penang Forest Department, kindly lent by Mr. Curtis,
there is however a specimen from Lumot in the Dindings, to which the native name
*‘Kayu Laha” is attached along with the further note, “climber; wood valuable,
used aS incense.” This specimen, from a widely remote locality, thus bears a note
made without reference to the controversy that has arisen regarding Kayoe lakka
but that entirely confirms the notes of Mr. Teysmann, who was, it may be remarked,
one of the most careful collectors that has ever worked in Malaya. The existence
of this specimen therefore re-opens the whole question, which may be commended to
Malayan field-botanists as one worthy of attention and solution. To judge from
Rumphius’ account there were, in his time, three if not four species included under
the name Caju Lacca and of one, at least, of these he says that it had no spines, only
thickened nodes instead. It seems quite certain that D. parviflora must have been
one of the four. But whether his figure is meant to represent it or has been made
to include some of the characters of the others as well, can only be known when
all four are completely understood.
ol. Prerocarpus Linn.
Erect trees. Leaves with alternate coriaceous exstipellate leaflets.
Flowers yellowish, in copious panicled racemes; bracts and bracteoles
minute, caducous; pedicels distinctly articulated at the apex. Calyx
turbinate, curved before expansion, the teeth short. Petals exserted,
with long claws; standard and wings crisped; keel obtuse, the petals
scarcely or not at all coherent. Staminal sheath slit both above and
below, or above only; the upper stamen often nearly or quite free;
anthers versatile. Ovary stalked, 2-ovuled; style incurved, stigma
terminal. Pod orbicular, rarely other than 1l-seeded, with a broad rigid
wing, the point turned down to opposite the base or near it. Species
about 15; cosmopolitan in the Tropics.
Leaflets finely veined throughout, pedicels slender longer
than the calyx, beak of pod distinctly raised + PERE the
outer base ... ace ke) P. andicus.
Leaflets with 5-7 pairs OE distinotly raised veins beneath,
pedicels stoutish shorter than the calyx, beak of pod
hardly raised beyond the outer base .. 2. P. dalbergioides,
J. Prerocarpus rnpicus Willd. Sp. PL. III, 904. A tree 30-40
feet high with widely spreading branches drooping at the end. Leaves
8-10 in. long, leaflets 5-9 moderately firm, 2~4 in. long 1'5-2 in. wide,
the terminal rather larger than the others, the rachis usually faintly
prolonged, all ovate with rounded rarely deltoid base and rounded
124 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
abruptly acuminate apex, glabrous on both surfaces, dark-green, mar-
gins entire but distinctly undulate, uniformly finely veined throughout,
stipules lanceolate °5 in. long early caducous, petiolules °25 in., glabrous
as is the leaf-rachis. Flowers in copious terminal and axillary panicles,
rachis and pedicels glabrescent, pedicels *3 in. long, very slender, with
2 linear caducous bracteoles ‘1 in. long, half as long as bud, at apex.
Calyx ‘25 in. long, finely brown-silky, teeth rounded the two uppermost
exceeding the others. Corolla yellow, ‘6 in. long, standard ‘5 in. across.
Pod orbicular, with stalk °3 in. long, 1:75-2:25 in. in diameter, uniformly
sparsely adpressed-pubescent with silky hairs, rather distinctly anasto-
motically 2-5-veined opposite the seed, the style usually a considerable
distance (65°-100°) above the base, pointing outwards at right angles to
the stalk. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53; DC. Prodr. II, 419; Roxb. Flor, Ind.
IIT, 238; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 77 (in part only) ;
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 185; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 238 (in part
only). FP. Draco Lamk. Ill. t. 602,f. 2, b (nota). P. dalbergioides Wall.
Cat. 5843 (letter G only) not of Roxb. P. Zollingert Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
I, 136. P. obtusatus Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 136. P. sawxatilis Bl. MSS.
in Hort. Bogor. Lingoum saxatile Rumph. Herb. Amboin. II, t. 70.
Prenane; Wallich 5843G! Matacca; Griffith ! Maingay 550!
Perak; Kunstler 1518! 8713! Scortechint 503! Wray 2003! 2280!
Distris. Northwards throughout Tenasserim to Martaban ; southwards
to Sumatra and Java.
A fine tree often confused with the next species from which it is, however,
very distinct in foliage and somewhat different in habit.
2. PYTEROCARPUS DALBERGIOIDES Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53, A tree
60-80 feet high with ascending branches, spreading at the end. Leaves
8-10 in. long, leaflets 5-9, firm, 2-4 in. long 1-1'5 in. wide the terminal
rather larger than the others, ovate-lanceolate with deltoid rarely round-
ed base and gradually narrowing to apex, glabrous on both surfaces,
pale-green, margins entire hardly undulate, with 5-7 pairs of distinctly
raised veins beneath, stipules lanceolate ‘5 in. long, early caducous,
petiolules ‘15 in. long glabrous as is the leaf-rachis. lowers in copious
terminal and axillary panicles, rachis and pedicels finely brown-pubes-
cent, pedicels ‘2 in. long stoutish with 2 very shortly ovate caducous
bracteoles under ‘05 in. long, less than 1 as long as bud, at apex. Calyx
*25 in. long, densely brown silky, teeth rounded the two uppermost
exceeding the others. Corolla yellow ‘4 in. long, standard ‘35 in. across.
Pod orbicular, with stalk ‘6 in, long, 2—2°25 in. in diameter, uniformly
very finely puberulous and not veined opposite the seed, the style usually
a short distance (40°-50°) above the base, pointing slightly downwards.
DC. Prodr. II, 418: Roxb. Flor, Ind. II], 286; W. & A, Prodr. 267
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 125
- Wall. Cat. 5543 (excluding G and, according to W. & A., also excluding
D). P. indicus Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. IV, Suppl. 77, in part;
Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 28; Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. II, 238 in part, not of
Willd.
ANDAMANS ; common.
This tree is usually treated asa form of the preceding species, and it has been
the fashion to say that the two are not distinguishable by ‘botanical’ characters.
As they grow it would be very hard to mistake them, and when have been
carefully examined it becomes difficult to realize that, even in the herbarium, they
should ever have been confounded.
32. ArRacuis Linn.
Annual herbs. Leaves abruptly pinnate, leaflets few; stipules
elongated adnate to the petiole. Calyx long-tubular simulating a
pedicel, 2-lipped; the upper lip 4-toothed the lower long slender.
Corolla resupinate. Stamens (sometimes ouly 9) united in a tube in-
serted with the petals on calyx limb; staminal tube grooved on vexillary
side but not split; anthers dimorphic alternately on short filaments
versatile and on longer subbasifixed. Ovary at first short-stalked, at
base of calyx-tube, the stalk soon elongating; style filiform, bearded
above ; stigma minute. Pod long-stalked ovate-oblong, obtuse at both
ends, gibbous, torulose, reticulated, coriaceous, indelhiscent, 2—4-seeded.
Seeds fleshy, oily. Species 7; six in Brazil, 1 widely cultivated in the
tropics.
Aracuis HYpOGHA Linn. Sp. Pl. 741. An annual diffuse herb, stems
grooved and angled 6-20 in. high, often much branched near base;
stems and branches clothed with longish spreading hairs. Leaf-rachis
pubescent 2-4 in. long; leaflets exstipellate in 2 opposite pairs, ovate-
oblong obtuse with rounded base, 1-1°5 in. long, ‘6-1 in. wide, green and
glabrous above, pale and sparsely clothed with spreading hairs beneath ;
stipules narrow lanceolate 1 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, upper half free.
Flowers 2-7, in leaf-axils along the stem. Calyx-lips ‘25 in. long, the
‘lower linear the upper *15 in. wide. Corolla 4 in. long, pale-yellow or
white; standard suborbicular, glabrous, keel beaked. Pod carried under-
ground by the elongating pedicel, where it ripens; 1—1°25 in. long, ‘5
in. across ; 2—3-seeded. DC. Prodr, II, 474; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 218.
SINGAPORE ; cultivated, Anderson ! PENANG; cultivated, Curtis !
The “ Ground-Nut,” commonly cultivated in India and Malaya, probably origi-
nally introduced into the old world from. Brazil. )
33. Zornta Gmel.
Annuals, with large geminate coriaceous bracts and dotted leaflets
in 1-2 opposite pairs. Flowers im lax racemes. Culyx minute; upper
126 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
teeth short, connate ; lowest shorter than the two middle ones. Corolla
much exserted; standard broad; keel incurved, acute. Stamens mona-
delphous; anthers dimorphous. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled; style
filiform, incurved, stigma minute capitate. Pod of several small round
flattened finely muricated l-seeded indehiscent joints. Species 10, all
but two American. ,
ZORNIA DIPHYLLA Pers. Synops. II, 518. A diffuse annual with
slender zigzag wiry branches reaching 11-15 in. in Jength, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous. Leaf-rachis ‘25 in. long, puberulous, channelled
above; leaflets in one terminal pair, oblong or lanceolate (lanceolate in
Malayan specimens), ‘5 in. long, ‘12 in. wide, glabrous, conspicuously
dotted; stipules lanceolate with a long spur. Jacemes laxly 3-12-fid.,
1-3 in. long; bracts also dotted, ovate-acute, almost concealing flowers
and fruits. Calyw minute. Corolla slightly exserted. Pods 1—-6-joixted;
joints ‘08 in. long, pubescent, and irregularly sprinkled with harsh
prickles. Benth. in Mart. Flor. Bras. XV, 80, t, 21, 22; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. I], 147. Zornia angustifolia Smith in Rees Cyclop. n. 1; DC.
Prodr. II, 316; Wall. Cat. 5660; Mig, Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 278. Z, dictyo-
carpa DC. Prodr. II, 327. Z. gibbosa Span. Linnea XV, 191. Z,
graminea Span. Linnea XV,192. Hedysarum diphyllum Linn, Sp. PI.
(47; Roxb. Mor. Ind. TIT, 353:
Singapore; Changi, Ridley 4672! Distris. Cosmopolitan in the
tropics.
34. Smiraia Ait.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaflets many small sensitive, opposite, leaf-
rachis ending in a bristle; stipules scariose with large auricles. Flowers
racemose or axillary. Calyx deeply 2-lipped, the lips usually entire.
Corolla exserted; standard orbicular; keel incurved obtuse. Stamens
in two bundles of 5 each; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, many-ovuled ;
style incurved, filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod of many or few
small flattened or turgid joints, folded together inside the calyx. Species
20-30, throughout tropics of the Hastern Hemisphere.
SmiTHia sensitivA Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I, III, 496. A diffuse
spreading annual with slender glabrous much branched stems 1-3 feet
long, only °12 in. thick at base. Leaf-rachis ‘5-1 in. long sparsely be-
set with long whitish bristles; leaflets 3-10 pairs, *25-"4 in. long, oblong
obtuse, sparsely bristly on the almost straight margins and on the mid-
rib beneath. Racemes simple 1—6-fld., in axils of upper leaves on pedun-
cles ‘3 in. long, pedicels slender bracteolate *15 in. long or less, ascend-
ing; bracteoles small ovate-acute scarious.’ Calyx °25-3 in. long, lips
subequal, entire, acute, with a few scattered subadpressed pale-yellow
/
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127
bristles. Corolla yellow, glabrous, ‘4. in. long. Pod 4—6-jointed ; faces
densely papillose. DC. Prodr. II, 325; Roxb. Hort. Beng, 56; Flor.
Ind. III, 342; Salisb. Paradis. t. 92; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1, 272; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. 148. 8. abyssinica Hochst. in. Schimp. Pl. Abyssin.
ANDAMANS; @ common weed throughout the settlement at Port
Blair. Nuicopars; Kamorta, Kurz! Distris. Africa; 8.-H. Asia.
Not seen from the other provinces; probably a recent introduction from India.
From Java comes a very closely allied plant (S. javanica Mig.) which differs mainly
in having no bristles on the calyx; this may be no more than a form of the Indian
and African S. sensitiva: all the specimens reported are, however, very uniform.
35, OrmocarRPum Beauv.
Shrubs. Leaves with odd-pinnate exstipellate leaflets and persistent
striated stipules and bracts. Flowers in lax racemes. Calya-tube cam-
panulate ; 2 upper teeth deltoid ; 3 lower lanceolate. Standard broad ;
keel much incurved, not at all beaked. Stamens in two bundles of 5
each; anthers uniform. Ovary linear, few-ovuled; style filiform, in-
flexed, stigma minute terminal. Pod of a few indehiscent turgid linear
or oblong joints, the lower seedless, the faces rugose, naked or muricated
with weak gland-tipped prikles, Species 6, spread all round the world
in the tropics. :
OrmocaRpuM GuaBRUM Teysm. & Binnend. Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind.
XXVIII, 56. A small tree 12-14 feet high, with smooth angular
branches ; epidermis desquamating. Leaves 6 in. long, leaflets 1 in. long,,
‘4, in. wide, terminal and 8-9 alternate lateral elliptic obtuse mucronate,
glabrous, glaucescent beneath; rachis subtrigonous, glabrous, thickened
at base; stipules subulate erect. Racemes corymbose, on short peduncles
"12 in. long; individual flowers on slender pedicels ‘5 in. long, 2-bracteo-
late above the middle. Calya *25 in. long, green, campanulate, unequally
_ 6-toothed, glabrous externally ; teeth oblong, acute. Corolla much exsert-
ed, yellow, purple-veined; standard saborbicular retuse. Ovary long-
stipitate, glabrous. Pod 6—7-jointed, ultimately becoming blackish, 5-6
in. long; individual joints ‘75-1 in. long, externally marked with 6-8
longitudinal more or less parallel ridges, |
ANDAMANS; very common in thickets near Port Blair; no doubt
introduced. Distris. Malay Archipelago.
This has the general habit of the common Indian O. sennoides, of which. it ig
_ perhaps only acultivated form; its pods, however, are much longer and are never
muricated. The original description, it should be noted, was made from specimens
cultivated at Buitenzorg.
36. -AiscHYNOMENE Linn.
Erect herbs or undershrubs. Leaves with very numerous close
128 G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
sensitive odd-pinnate small linear leaflets. lowers in sparse racemes.
Calyx deeply 2-lipped, the lips faintly toothed. Corolla fugacious ;
standard orbicular; keel not beaked. Stamens in two bundles of 5 each;
anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, linear, many-ovuled; style filiform,
incurved, stigma terminal. Pod linear, with a gle longer than the
calyx, and 4-8 flattened 1-seeded separating joints™ Species about 30,
spread everywhere in the tropics.
Stems woody, slender, much-branched ; calyx and corolla small
glabrous; pods narrow, smooth 33 » Ll. A, indica,
Stems pith-like, stout, little-branched; calyx aid large cout
hispid; pods broad, warted mee .. 2, Al. aspera.
1. AscHyYNoMeENE inpIcA Linn. Sp. PI. 713. A slender, much branch-
ed annual undershrub, stems 1-3 feet high under ‘15 in. in diam. at base ;
everywhere glabrous, pale-green; branches slender twiggy terete.
Leaf-rachis 2-3 in. long; leaflets close, terminal and in 20-30 opposite
pairs, linear, obtuse, l-nerved, ‘2 in. long; stipules lanceolate, ‘3 in.
long, membranous, deciduous, witha large auricle. Racemes axillary i4-
fid.; peduncles 1 in. and pedicels 3 in., usually viscid; bracteoles small
subulate glandular. Calyx ‘2 in., glabrous, teeth unequal the two upper —
subconnate, persistent, withering. Corolla pale-yellow, tinged with pink
or orange, *45 in. long, glabrous, fugacious, standard orbicular emarginate.
Stigma capitate. Pod 1-1'5 in. long, straight or at times slightly
curved, upper suture even, lower indented between the 8-10 separating
smooth or faintly papillose joits ‘12-15 in. broad. DC. Prodr. II, 320;
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 274; Bak. in Flor, Brit. Ind. II, 151. #,
pumila Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II, 1061; DC. Prodr. II, 321. 4. aspera
Wall. Cat. 5666 not of Linn. #. diffusa Willd. Sp. Pl. III, 1164; DC.”
Prodr. II. 321; Wall. Cat. 5565. 4. viscidula Willd. Enum. 776. 4;
Roxburghii Spreng. Syst. III, 322. Smithia aspera Roxb. Hort. Beng.
56; Flor. Ind. II, 343. Hedysarum Neli-Talt Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57;
Flor. Ind. ITI, 365.
Anpamans; Port Mouat, plentiful. Prov. WEeLLestzy ; Ridley 8009 !
Distris. Tropics generally.
2. AUSCHYNOMENE ASPERA Linn. Sp. Pl. 713. A tall erect swamp-
shrub reaching 10-12 feet in height, stems 3 in. or more in diam.,
externally glabrous, internally full of soft white pith; branches few or
none. Leaf-rachis 3-6 in. long; leaflets terminal and in 30-50 opposite
pairs, linear, obtuse, 1-nerved, ‘5 in. long; stipules lanceolate ‘5 in. long,
auricled, deciduous. Racemes axillary corymbosely 2—4-fid.; peduncles
1 in. and pedicels ‘4 in. clothed with spreading bristles; bracteoles
small ovate deciduous. Calyx ‘4 in., hispidly hairy, unequally 5-toothed,
the two upper teeth subconnate. Corolla ‘75 in. yellow, fugacious,
standard orbicular. Pod 2-2°5 in. long, ‘3 in. across, often indented on
1897.] G. King— Materials fora Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 129
both the echinulate sutures, always along the lower, between the 4-8
separating joints which are usually echinulate on the face, rarely smooth.
DC. Prodr. IT, 320; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 275; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. IT, 152. 4. indica Wall. Cat. 5667 not of Linn. 4. trachyloba
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 276. 4. indica var. aspera Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar.
340. Hedysarum lagenarium Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Flor. Ind. III, 365.
Matacca; Griffith! Disrris. Tyopical S.-H. Asia and Tropical Africa.
This is the well-known “Sola” plant, the pith of which is used in making
sun-hats, fishermen’s floats and other articles where great lightness is desirable.
Doubtless it is an introduced plant in Malacca.
37. PHuybacitum Benn.
Climbing herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate ; stipules persistent small linear
or lanceolate, leaflets stipellate. Flowers in axillary racemes shortly
pedicelled, 2-bracteolate near the calyx, completely enveloped, as ulti-
mately is the legume, in a large boat-shaped membranous accrescent
bract. Calyx tubular, sub-2-labiate, 4-toothed. Standard ovate, apex
retuse base 2-auriculate; wings oblong, long-spurred, spurs incurved
clasped by the auricles of the standard; keel straight obtuse shortly
spurred. Siamens diadelphous, posterior filament adnate to base of
standard-claw. Ovary short-stalked, its base surrounded by a shallow
disc; ovule solitary; style inflexed. Pod short-stalked ovate-rotund,
acute. Species 2, the present and another which is Indo-Chinese.
PHYLACIUM BRACTEOSUM Benn, Pl. Jay. Rar. 159 t,33. A slender
climber 20-30 feet long, young parts and leaves beneath sparingly ad-
pressed-hirsute. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate-oblong base
rounded apex obtuse, thinly herbaceous, green on both surfaces, glabrous
above, sparingly hirsute beneath, 2-3 in. long, 15 in. wide; petioles
glabrescent 1°5 in. long, stipules and stipels linear, persistent. Racemes
axillary 2-10 together, 1°5-2 in. long, shorter than the leaves, flowers
fasciculate few. Bracts pale-green, 1-1‘5 in. long, externally glabrous,
sparing hirsute within. Calyx ‘15 in. long, externally sparingly hirsute,
upper lip entire ovate, lower 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate the central rather
the larger, none overlapping. Corolla ‘3 in. long, white with a pink
tinge, glabrous. Pod ‘25 in. long, compressed, sparing hirsute, reticu-
late. Benth. Pl. Jungh. IJ, 231; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 228.
Perak; near Gunong Pondo, in open jungle, 200-300 feet elev.,
Kunstler 8367! Duistris. Sumatra and Java to the Philippines.
38. Uraria Desv.
Suffruticose perennials. Leaves stipellate, with 1 to 9 leaflets.
Flowers very numerous, minute, racemose. Calyx-tube very short; two
ee bh. a
130 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
upper teeth short; three lower usually elongated, setaceous. Standard
broad; wings adhering to the obtuse keel. Stamens diadelphous ;
anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or short-stalked, few-ovuled; style
inflexed filiform, stigma terminal. Pod of 2-6 small turgid 1-seeded
indehiscent joints, often placed face to face. Species 15, S.-H. Asiatic.
Stems erect, heads long cylindric; upper leaves 5—9-foliolate,
leaflets much longer than broad :—
Leaflets narrowly lanceolate, clouded above, pedicels clothed
with short bristles, joints of pod polished glabrous .~ . U.sprebas
Leaflets oblong, green above, pedicels clothed with fone
bristles, joints of pod dull puberulous . 2, U.ccrimata.
Stems trailing heads short oblong; leaves 1- foliolate and 3-
foliolate intermixed, leaflets not much longer than broad... 3. ~—~'U.. lagopovdes.
1. Urania prota Desv: Journ. Bot. I, 193 t. 5 £° 19: Am*erece
little-branched suffruticose perennial 3-6 feet high, with stout finely
downy stems ‘5 in. or more in diam. at base. Leuves 10-12 in. long,
rachis finely downy; leaflets terminal and in 2-4 opposite pairs, linear-
lanceolate, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous clouded with white above,
finely reticulate veined and minutely pubescent beneath, 4-8 in. lone
‘38-6 in. wide; petiole 2-2°5 in. long, stipules lanceolate long-acuminate
from a broad base ‘5 in. long with parallel veins, stipels subulate ‘2 in.
long; the lowest leaves simple or 3-foliolate, round or oblong. Racemes
in dense cylindric heads 6-12 in. long, ‘65-75 in. broad; bracts brown
scariose deciduous, upper lanceoiate lower ovate-acuminate; pedicels
-25—35 in. long, covered with short bristles, abruptly incurved at the tip
after flowering. Calyx ‘2in. long. Corolla purple, exserted, ‘3 in. long.
Pod glabrous, pale lead-coloured, joints 3-6, smooth polished, ‘13 in.
long ‘1 in. wide, compressed. DC. Prodr. I, 324; Wall. Cat. 5674 ;
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 267; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ie 155. °U. neat
Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 349. Hedysarum pictum "Jacq. Ic. t. 567; Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 57. Doodia picta Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 368.
“Prrak; Scortechini! Prov. WELLESLEY; Firdley 6958! Nicopars ;
Kamorta, Kurz! Duisrris. India; Indo-China; Malay Islands.
2, URaARIA CRINITA Desv. Journ. Bot. I, 123. An erect: Tipe.
branched perennial 3-8 feet high, with stout finely downy stems °75 in.
or more in diam. at base. Leaves 8-15 in. long, rachis sparingly puber-
ulous, leaflets terminal and in 2-3 opposite pairs, ovate-oblong acute,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, green above, finely reticulate-veined and minute-
ly tomentose beneath, 3-4 in. long, 1-1'5 in. wide, base rounded; petiole
3-4 in. long, stipules lanceolate acuminate ‘6 iu. long, puberulous ;
stipels lanceolate “15 in. long; the lowest leaves simple or trifoliolate,
ovate or subcordate. Racemes in dense cylindric heads 8-18 in, long,
1-1°5 in. broad; bracts scariose deciduous ovate-acuminate, ciliate ;
1897,] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1381
‘pedicels 45-65 in. long, covered with long spreading bristles, abruptly
incurved at the tip after flowering. Calyx ‘2 in. long, teeth sparingly
plumose. Corolla pale-purple, *3 in. long. Pod puberulous, joints 4-6,
black, dull, :13 in. long, ‘1 in. wide, compressed. DC. Prodr. lI, 324;
Wall. Cat. 5675; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 268; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind) 1f, 155. U.icomosa DC. ‘Prodr,. II, 324. U. picta Wight, Ie ‘t.
411, notof Desv. Hedysarum crinttum Linn. Mant. I, 102; Burm. Flor.
Ind. 169 t. 56; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57. Doodia crinita Roxb. Flor. Lud.
III, 369. |
Panana; Renchong, etc. Ridley! PxErax; Thaipeng, Scortechiné |
71! Sunga Ryah, Kunstler 1011! Matacca; Maingay 527! Stnaapore ;
Hullett 49! Ridley 8110! Disrrie. India, Indo-China, China, Malay
Islands.
3. Urarra nacoporpes DO. Prodr. II, 324. A tufted woody peren-
nial with slender trailing pubescent much branched stems 1-3 feet long.
Leaves 15-2 in., rachis pubescent; leaflets solitary, or a terminal and
one pair of opposite leaflets, oblong rhomboid or rounded, base rounded
truncate or at times cordate, thickly membranous, green glabrous above,
finely reticulate-veined, pubescent beneath, 1—2 in. long ‘75-1 in. wide;
lateral pair of leaflets when present always much smaller than terminal ;
petiole *5—75 in.; stipules lanceolate ‘2 in.; stipels subulate small.
Racemes in short dense simple oblong heads, 1—2°5 in. long, ‘8 in. wide ;
bracts subpersistent distinctly ciliated, °3 in. long; pedicels densely
-erinite, ‘15in. long. Calyx ‘12 in., lower teeth setaceous, densely plumose.
Corolla ‘pale-purple, *2 in. long. Pods glabrous, joints thick, reticulate,
‘15 in. long, ‘08 in. wide, compressed. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 268;
Bak. in Flor, Brit. Ind. 156. U. retusa Wall. Cat. 5680. Hedysarum
lagopodioides Linn. Sp. Pl. 1198. H. lagopoides Burm. FI. Ind. 68, t.
53, f. 2. Lespedeza lagopoides Pers. Synops, II, 808. Doodia lagopodivides
-- Roxb. Flor. Ind. ITI, 366.
PaHane ; Ridley 2594! Perak; Scortechint 13! Prov. WELLESLEY ;
Ridley 8010! Anvamans; King’s Collectors! Distris. India ; Indo-China;
-China; Malay Islands.
39. Lourea Neck.
Herbs. Leaves membranous, stipellate, 1-3-foliolate. Flowers in
terminal simple or panicled racemes, Cayla membranous, accrescent,
the lanceolate teeth as long as the campanulate tube. Corolla equalling
or exceeding the calyx; standard broad; keel obtuse. Stzmens di-
adelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary few-ovuled ; style filiform, inflexed,
stigma capitate. Pod of about 4 small distinct 1-seeded smooth veined
joints, included in the calyx. Species 4; all originally East Indian.
132 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
LovuREA VESPERTILIONIS Desv. Journ. Bot. I. 122, t. 5 £.18. An
erect slender herb, sparingly subfastigiately branched ; branches to-
wards their tips finely downy with hooked hairs. Leaf-rachis ‘5-1 in.,
leaflets usually 1 terminal, rarely 3; rigidly subcoriaceous, green usually
clouded with white, the terminal one 2-3 in. broad, ‘3-’5 in. long with
two linear or lanceolate spreading or slightly ascending 2—3-nerved
halves, apex of each lobe broadly emarginate bristle-tipped; lateral
leaflets, when present, much smaller, obliquely obversely deltoid.
Racemes simple or slightly panicled ; 3-6 in. long; pedicels pubescent,
’ shorter than calyx, the lower geminate. Calya membranous campanu-
late; in fruit "25-35 in. long, sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs ;
- teeth as long as tube, wide-triangular with a strong central nerve and
widely reticulate-veined, as is the tube, with slightly weaker secondary
nerves. Corolla not longer than calyx. Pod included, 4-5-jointed.
DC. Prodr. II, 323; Wall. Cat. 5671; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 264;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 154. Hedysarum Vespertilionis Linn. fil.
Suppl. 331; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Flor. Ind. ITI, 352.
Maayan Peninsuta; exact locality not given, Szr W. Norris!
Disrris. Now cosmopolitan in the tropics, but often only planted.
40. Atystcarpus Neck.
Diffuse annuals or biennials. Leaves simple, rarely 3-foliolate,
stipellate, subcoriaceous. Flowers in copious axillary racemes. Calyx
glumaceous ; teeth deep, often imbricated, the two upper often connate.
Corolla not exserted; standard broad; keel obtuse, adhering to the
wings. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly or quite
sessile, many-ovuled ; style incurved, stigma capitate. Pod terete or
turgid, composed of several indehiscent 1-seeded joints. Species about
15 ; weeds, everywhere in the tropics of the old world.
ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS DC.; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 231. A robust
ascending herb, stems 1-3 feet long (var. typica); or a dwarf diffuse
herb with very slender stems and branches spreading 8-12 in. (VaR.
nummularifolia); the branchlets slightly downy. Leaves always 1-
foliolate, petioles ‘3 in. long, slender, glabrous, stipules subscarious paral-
lel-veined ovate-acute half as long as petioles; leaflets glabrous cordate
at base, lowest lanceolate 1°5—-2 in. long, ‘5 in. broad acute, with upper
oblong obtuse 1-1°5 in. long and 1 in. wide (in one series of forms) ; or
lowest oblong ‘75 in. long subacute, the upper ‘5 in. long ovate-obtuse
all ‘3 in. wide (ina second series of forms). Racemes 8-12-fid. lax-fld.
1-3 in. long (var. typica) or congested under 1] in. long (vAR. nummu-
larifolia) ; pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx ‘12 in. glabrescent,
teeth linear-setaceous longer than tube. Corolla pale-yellow tinged with
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1383
pink, small, included. Pod terete, reticulate-veined, ‘5-75 in. long, ‘08
in. wide; joints 6-8, half as long again as broad ; faintly pubescent,
slightly thickened at the ends. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. JI, 158.
Var. typica. Stems stouter ascending, lower leaves usually lanceo-
late and upper oblong; occasionally lower leaves oblong and upper
ovate, racemes lax. DOC. Prodr. II, 353;.W. & A. Prodr. 233. A.
diversifolius Wall. Cat. 5772. A Harmeri Schweinf. Rel. Kotsch, 24
t.19. Hedysarum vaginale Linn. Sp, Pl. 746; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56;
Flor. Ind. IIT, 345. .
PaNnGkorRE; Scortechint 1461! Matacca; on Pulo Besai, Maingay
516! Srngarore; Changi, Ridley 1080!
Var, nummularifolia Mig: loc. cit.; Bak. loc. cit. Stems slender
diffusely spreading, lower leaves always oblong, upper ovate, racemes
dense. A nummulurifolius DC. Prodr. II, 353; Wall. Cat. 5767; W. &
A. Prodr. 133. A. varius Wall. Cat. 5768. Hedysarum nummularifolium
Linn. Sp. Pl. 746. H. varium Roth. Nov. Sp. 354. H. cylindricum
Poir. Encyc. Meth. Suppl. V, 400. Hegetschweilera pulchella Regel, Bot.
Zeit. I, 47.
Anpamans; Gt. Coco Isd. Prain! Port Blair, King! Purax; Scorte-
chini! Ridley 8008! Penanc; Water-fall, Curtis 1892! 1893! Matzacca;
King! Hervey! Stncarore; on Pulo Obin, Kunstler 4!
The writer has followed Miquel and Baker in uniting these two plants which
Linnzous, De Candolle, Wallich and Wight have endeavoured to keep distinct. The
difficulty that has arisen in distinguishing them, has been due to the fact that
A. vaginalis, though always diagnosed as having lower leaves lanceolate and upper
leaves oblong, in reality very often has the lower oblong and the upper ovate as in
A. nummularifolius. The true distinguishing characters are the spreading habit and
condensed racemes of the variety, the ascending stems and lax racemes of the
typical plant. The description and the varietal diagnoses now given may, it is
hoped, prevent a recurrence of the difficulty that has hitherto been experienced in
differentiating the two.
41. Desmopium Desv.
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves 1- or 3-foliolate, stipellate. Flowers small
usually in copious often dense racemes. Culyx campanulate; teeth
longer or shorter than the tube the two upper often subconnate. Corolla
exserted ; standard broad; wings more or less adherent to the usually
obtuse keel. Upper stamen entirely or partially free from the other
united 9. Ovary sessile or stipitate, few- or many-ovuled; style in-
curved, stigma minute capitate. Pod usually composed of several
l-seeded indehiscent joints, the faces compressed, the upper suture
rarely finally splitting open, the joints usually separating. Species
about 150; cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical countries, a few
in temperate N. America and temperate S. Africa.
134 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.
Pod distinctly divided into several separating one-seeded
joints :—
Leaves 3-foliolate :—
Small trailing herbs with 1-3 axillary flowers (1.
Sagotia) :—
Pedicels hardly exceeding the petioles; leaflets
obovate-cuneate, truncate or emarginate eee
Pedicels distinctly longer than petioles; leaflets
oblong rounded at apex... ‘4 aN Bs
Undershrubs or shrubs with woedy renaheae —
Bracts large, 2-foliolate, persistent (2. Phyllodium).. 8.
Bracts small. simple, deciduous :—
Flowers in dense short-peduncled axillary umbels
(3. Dendrolobium) :—
Leaflets smooth, veins beneath indistinct ; pods
glabrous... Sub en wna)
Leaflets rugose, reticulate-veined beneath;
pods strigose ot = eee hs
Flowers in more or less Atmieatad racemes :—
Lowest joint of pod distinctly stalked, constric-
tions between joints reaching from lower almost.
‘to upper suture (4a. Eudesmodium § Podocar-
pium) — ote aoe
Lowest joint of pod ogsite's —
Joints of pod not manifestly longer than
broad :—
Joints of pod indehiscent, leaflets large
acuminate (45. Eudesmodium § Dollinera).. 7.
Joints of pod opening along lower suture,
leaflets small (4c. Zudesmodium § Nichol-
sonia) :—
Leaflets obovate-cuneate silvery beneath ;
pedicels
always ultimately reflexed ;
stems prostrate .. = sage
Leaflets obovate-cuneate or obovate-
acute, not silvery beneath; pedicels
erect or ascending; stems erect ; 9.
Joints of pod 4 times as long as broad (4a.
Eudesmodium § Scorpiurus)
Leaves 1-foliolate :—
Petioles not winged :—
Joints of pod 4 times as long as broad (4d.
Eudesmodium § Scorpiurus) aa - 7.
Joints of pod not manifestly longer than broad
(4e. Eudesmodium § Heteroloma) :—
Racemes lax, pods glabrescent... i 2
Racemes dense, pods densely pubescent pa LS.
Petioles broadly winged (5. Pteroloma) :—
Pods thin, densely strigose eee . 14,
eee 10.
[No. 1,
D. triflorum.
D. heterophyllum.
D. pulchellum.
D. umbellatum.
D. rugosum.
D laxum.
D. megaphyllum.
D. capitatum,
D, polycarpum.
D. iawiflorum.
D. ormocarpoides.
D. gangeticum.
D. virgatum.
D, triquetrum,
1897. | G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 135.
Pods coriaceous, quite glabrous eee .. 15. D. auriculatum,
Pods indistinctly jointed, not separating into segments
but dehiscing in a continuous line along the ventral
suture (6. Plewrolobium) ap . 16. D. gyroides.
Suscen. 1. Sacorma Walp. Trailing herbs, ei: small 3-foliolate
stipellate leaves. Flowers in sparse lax racemes or 1-2 in the axils of
the leaves ; bracts deciduous and pods distinctly jointed.
J. Desmopium trirtorum DC. Prodr. I], 334. A small trailing
herb with very slender diffusely branching stems 6-18 in. long;
branches sparsely hirsute with fine spreading hairs. Leaves *5 in. long,
3-foliolate ; petiole ‘2 in. long; leaflets membranous obovate-cuneate,
apex truncate or emarginate, terminal 25 in. Jong ‘2 in across, lateral
*2 in. long ‘15 in. across, glabrous above sparsely adpressed-hirsute
beneath ; stipels minute subulate, stipules persistent lanceolate °15 in.
long. Inflorescence of 1-3-fid. axillary fascicles; pedicels ‘25 in., brac-
teoles minute. Calyx pubescent with longish white hairs ‘1-165 in.
long; teeth setaceous longer than narrowly campanulate tube. Corolla
pink or occasionally white *2 in. long. Pod ‘46 in. long, ‘15 in. wide ;
joints 3-5, reticulately veined and finely puberulous; upper suture |
straight, lower distinctly indented between the joints. Wall. Cat. 5734
(except part of F.); Benth, in Mart. Flor. Bras. XV, 95, t. 26; Miq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 233; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 173. D. triflorum
var. minus W. & A, Prodr. 229; Wight Ic. t. 292. D. heterophyllum
Wall. Cat. 5701 C. Hedysarum triflorum Linn. Sp. Pl. 749; Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 57; Flor. Ind. III, 353. A. stipulacewm Burm. Flor. Ind. t. 54, f.
2. eiiotzonia reptans Meissn. in Linnaea XXI, 260. Sagotia aes
Walp. & Duch. in Linnaea XXIII, 738.
AnpAMANS; Port Blair, Kurz! Prain! Great Coco Island (specns.
all white-fid.) Prain! Manacca; Maingay 522! Prov. Wetiestey; King!
Penane; Wallich 5734 1! Disrriz. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
An extremely common species in India, not. so common in Indo-China; very
rare, perhaps only a recently introduced weed, in Malaya.
2. DesmopiuMm HETEROPHYLLUM DC. Prodr. II, 334. A trailing
herb with slender diffusely branching stems 2—2°5 feet long; branches
densely hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves 1-1°5 in. long, 3. foliolate,
petiole ‘5 in. long; leaflets membranous oblong or obovate-oblong apex —
rounded or subacute, terminal ‘5-1 in. long, ‘3-5 in. wide, lateral
similar *25—"5 in. long ‘226 in. wide, glabrous above, hairy beneath ;
stipels minute snbulate, stipules persistent lanceolate °15 in, long. In-
florescence of solitary or geminate axillary flowers and, towards ends of
branches, of a few axillary lax few-fid. racemes; pedicels ‘5-8 in. long,
sparsely pubescent with rusty spreading hairs ; bracts ‘2 in. long, ovate-
lanceolate, deciduous, bracteoles minute. Calya ‘15 in. densely hirsute,
136 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
teeth setaceous, longer than narrowly campanulate tube. Corolla pale-
purple, ‘25 in, long. Pod *5—'75 in. long, °18 in. wide; joints 4-5, reticu-
late, glabrescent except the lower suture, dehiscent; upper suture
straight lower distinctly indented between: the joints. Wall. Cat,
o701, letters A. B. D.; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 238; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. IJ, 173. D. cespitosum DC. Prodr. II, 333. D. triflorum Wall.
Cat. 5734, letter F.in part. D. triflorum var. magus W. & A. Prodr.
229; Wight, Ic. t. 291. Hedysarwm heterophyllum Willd. Sp. Pl. III,
1201. H. reptans Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Flor. Ind. III, 354. Dicerma
repens Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5740,
In all the provinces, very common. Dtstris. Throughout tropical
S.-E. Asia.
Though very like the preceding this is quite easily distinguished by its thicker
stems, larger and differently shaped leaflets, much longer pedicels and rather broader
pods, the joints of which usually dehisce along the lower suture.
The distribution in India and Malaya of these two species, is reversed. In India
this is quite a rare plant, D. triflorwm being common everywhere; in Malaya, on
the other hand, D. triflorum is very rare while D. heterophyllum is extremely common
- and is apparently the representative of the other.
Supgen. 2. PuytLtoptum Desv. Shrubs with woody branches and
3-foliolate leaves. Flowers umbellate, the umbels in long continuous
rows, each hidden by a pair of persistent bracts.
3. DesmopIuM PULCHELLUM Benth. ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ,
162. A small shrub 4-5 feet high with slender terete finely, grey-
downy branches. Leaves 5-6 in. long, 3-foliolate, petiole ‘25-4 in., chan-
nelled above, downy; leaflets coriaceous green subrugose above, finely
downy beneath, narrow-ovate to ovate-lanceolate subacute, terminal 3—4
in. long 1°5 wide, on petiolules 6 in. long; lateral pair much smaller,
1°25 in. long, ‘75 in. wide, petiolules ‘15 in. long; lateral nerves 10-12
pairs, very oblique distinctly raised beneath, secondary reticulate cross-
venation visible; stipels subulate as long as petiolules, stipules °25 in.
long subscarious closely parallel-veined, subpersistent. Inflorescence
axillary or terminal, 3-10 in. long, in racemes of solitary flowers,
fascicles, or small subumbellate corymbs, in the axils of 12-40 compound
foliar bracts; bracts 2-foliolate, their stipules ‘2 in. and petiole ‘15 in.
long, leaflets opposite subobliquely orbicular °5 in. across, glabrous
externally, finely downy internally, on very short stipellate petiolules,
their terminal leaflet reduced to a bristle ‘2-25 in. long; fascicles or
close-set corymbs 2-6-fid. ; pedicels slightly unequal, ‘08-10 in., downy.
Calyx ‘1 in. puberulous, teeth lanceolate shorter than tube. Corolla *25
in. yellow. Pod ‘2—3 in. long indented on both sutures slightly puberu-
lous ; joints 2, less often solitary, very rarely 3, ‘] in. long, “12 in. broad.
Hedysarum pulchellum Linn, Sp. Pl. 747; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 361.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 137
Zornia pulchella Pers. Synops. II, 318. Dicerma pulchellum DC. Prodr.
II, 339; Wall. Cat. 5737; Wight, Ic. t. 418. Phyllodium pulchellum
Desv. Journ. Bot. III, 123, t. 5, f. 24; Benth. Pl. Jungh. 217; Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 260. .
Matacca; Griffith. Panana; Ridley 2596! Jonore; Kunstler 376!
PERAK ; Scortechint !
Suscen. 3. Denprotosrum W. & A. Shrubs with woody branches
and 3-foliolate leaves. Flowers in dense short-peduncled or sessile
axillary umbels, bracts minute deciduous.
4, DeEsmopium umBeLLAtum DC. Prodr. IJ, 325. A littoral shrub
5-15 feet high with densely downy terete young branches. Leaves 5-7
in. long, 3-foliolate, petiole 1 in. long, channelled above, rusty-puberu-
lous; leaflets subcoriaceous, green glabrous above, paler and thinly
canescent underneath, ovate-oblong obtuse or rarely acute or subacute, .
terminal 3-3'5 in. long, 2—2°5 in, wide on a petiolule *5 in. long, the
lateral pair similar but smaller 2-2°5 in. long, 1:25-1:75 in. wide on
petiolules ‘2 in. long; lateral nerves 6-8 pairs hardly raised beneath ;
stipels very small, subulate, half as long as petiolules; stipules large °3
in. long, subscarious, closely parallel-veined, caducous with the unfolding
of leaf next above which they cover in bud. Inflorescence axillary, with
peduncles °35 in. long, in 6-12-fid. corymbs simulating umbels; pedicels
short °15 in. or less, elongating in fruit to *25 in., unequal, very close-set.
Calyx with a broad scarious deciduous bracteole, ‘1 in. long ‘07 in. wide,
at its base, densely silky externally, ‘15 in. long, teeth lanceolate, as
long as tube. Corolla 5 in. long, white. Pod 15-2 in. long, joints 4,
very rarely 5, ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, sparsely silky when young,
glabrous when ripe, thick and coriaceous almost turgid. W. & A.
Prodr. 224; Wall. Cat. 5687; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 161. Dendro-
lobium umbellatum Benth. Pl. Jungh. 218; Migq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 262.
Hedysarum umbellatum Linn. Sp. Pl. 747. H. arborewm Roxb. Flor. Ind.
III, 360.
In all the provinces, common on the coasts. DzstTR1s. On all coasts
from the Mascarene Islands to Polynesia.
A curious variety of this species, with branches, leaves beneath, and ripe pods
softly silky, is VAR. hirsutum DC. It is known only from specimens cultivated in
Hort. Calcutta (Wall. Cat. n. 5687/D) and in Hort. Bogor.—the Buitenzorg specimens
being marked ‘ Z horto Calcuttensi recepta.” The original habitat of this variety
is unknown.
D. umbellatum has been said to occur in Upper Burma; this is a mistake caused
by Dr. Wallich having issued (as 5687/8) a totally different species under the same
name. No one has ever sent specimens of D. wmbellatum to Calcutta except from
sea-coasts and the shores of tidal rivers.
5. Desmopium ruGosum Prain. A large gregarious shrub with
fait. 18
138 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
rusty-puberulous angular young branches. Leaves 5-7 in. long, 3-
foliolate, petiole 1 in. long, channelled above, rusty-puberulous ; leaflets
coriaceous rugose, puberulous on the midrib and nerves above, densely
rusty-puberulous beneath on the midrib lateral nerves and secondary
veins ; obovate-acute, terminal 4 in. long 2'5 in. wide, on a petiolule
‘dD in. long; lateral pair oblong-acute base obliquely rounded, 3°5 in.
long 175-2 in. wide, on petiolules ‘15 in. long; lateral nerves 10-12
pairs very prominent beneath as is the close reticulate secondary vena-
tion; stipels subulate, 12 in., nearly as long as petiolules; stipules
subscarious caducous. Inflorescence axillary, with peduncles ‘25 in.
long, in 3-6-fld. corymbs simulating umbels but with the rachis pro-
duced for ‘3 in. or more in the centre and marked by numerous close-
set scars left by fallen pedicels; pedicels that persist ‘2 in. long,
elongating slightly in fruit. Calyx with a broad scarious deciduous
bracteole ‘1 in. long at its base, pubescent externally, -2 in. long, teeth
longer than tube. Oorolla ‘5 in. long, white. Pod 1°5 in. long, joints
4, 3 in. long °25 in. wide, densely adpressed-pubescent with coarse
rusty hairs, thick, coriaceous, almost turgid.
Kepau ; Langkawi, Curtis 2550! Distris. Tenasserim.
Very nearly related to the preceding species but with quite different foliage and
' pods. Very nearly related also to D. Wallichit (D. wmbellatum Wall. Cat. n. 5687
letter B only) from Upper Burma, but with larger pods, and coarser, more rugose
acute leaves than in that species; indeed, D. Wallichii with the inflorescence of
D. rugosum has foliage more resembling that of D. umbellatum. The stipules of D.
Wallichii do not fall immediately after the unfolding of the leaf next above, as in the
case of D. umbellatum and D. rugosum.
Desmodium (Dendrolobium ) Cephalotes Wall. is stated by Dr. Miquel
to occur in Java. No Malayan specimens of the species, which is very
common throughout India and Indo-China, have yet reached Calcutta,
Its presence, however, would not be surprising and the species should be
looked for by collectors in the Malay Peninsula.
Suscen. 4. Eupresmopium. Erect herbs or wndershrubs with large
1-3-foliolate leaves. Flowers often 2 or several from a node in long
racemes simple or panicled, bracts deciduous and pods distinctly jointed.
§ Popocarrium Bth. Joints of pod indehiscent, longer than broad,
the lowest one distinctly stalked, constrictions reaching from lower
nearly to straight upper suture.
6. Desmopium taxum DC. Prodr. I, 336. A bush 2-4 feet high
with angular erect finely-puberulous branches. Leaves 5-8 in. long, 3-
foliolate, petiole 1-2°5 in., channelled above, finely sparsely puberulous ;
leaflets membranous, green and glabrous above, paler and sparsely hir-
sute on the nerves beneath, terminal narrow ovate, 4-6 in. long 1°5-2 in.
wide, narrowed gradually to apex, cuneate at base on a petiolule ‘765 in.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 139°
long, lateral nerves 3 pairs the lowest much stronger than the rest and
very oblique; side leaflets similar but smaller, 3-4 in. long 1-1‘5 in. wide,
with slightly oblique bases ; stipels subulate ‘2 in. long; stipules linear-
lanceolate ‘5 in. long, persistent. Inflorescence in rather narrow terminal
and axillary racemes, the former sometimes paniculate, 12-20 in. long,
composed of as many distant solitary flowers or few-fid. fascicles, bracts
minute linear; pedicels puberulous slender ‘2 in., ultimately spreading
*4in. long. Calyx very small ‘08 in. long, tubular, slightly pubescent,
teeth deltoid very short. Corolla pink, ‘25 in. long. Pod 1-3 in. long,
_ the lowest joint on a stalk °3 in. long, joints few indehiscent ‘5 in. long,
‘2in. wide, the constrictions nearly reaching the upper suture, cut
obliquely from opposite the point to the base. D. Gardneri Bth. PI.
Jungh. 226; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 255; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II,
165. D. podocarpum Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. III, 46 not of DC.
Perak; on Ulu Batang Padang, Wray 1608! Duisrris. India;
Himalayas; Indo-China; China; Malay Archipelago.
§ Dottinera Endl. Joints of pod indehiscent, hardly longer than
broad, upper suture straight or slightly indented; calyx teeth not
exceeding tube.
7. DesMODIUM MEGAPHYLLUM Zoll. Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. IIT, 58.
A straggling shrub 8 feet high with slightly grooved, blackish branches,
with a sparse short tomentum. Leaves 7-9 in. long, 3-foliolate, petiole
2-2°5 in., channelled above, sparsely tomentose; leaflets subcoriaceous,
green sparsely puberulous above, grey thickly softly woolly beneath ;
rhomboid ovate-acuminate terminal cuneate at base, 4—6 in. long, 2°5-3°5
in, wide, on petiolule J-1'5 in. long; lateral pair similar but smaller
3-4 in. long, 1:5-2°5 in. wide with obliquely rounded base; lateral
nerves 5-6 pairs very oblique; stipels linear ‘25 in. long; stipules
subscarious ‘15 in. long, lanceolate. Inflorescence longer than the leaves,
‘in axillary and terminal racemes, the latter sometimes panicled, 8—10
in. long, of 25-30 few-fid. fascicles; pedicels slender ‘4 in. long, bracts
‘5 in. long, subscarious, lanceolate, bracteoles minute subulate. Oalya
campanulate ‘15 in. long, teeth triangular as long as tube. Corolla pale-
violet, °3 in. long. Pod dull-crimson, 2—2'25 in., 6-8-jointed, joints +25
in, long °2 in. wide, indehiscent, slightly puberulous, finely reticulate-
veined, slightly indented on the lower suture. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
245, excluding synonyms.
Perak ; upper part of Batang Padang Valley, at 2,000 feet, Wray
1441! Disrris. Java, Tenasserim.
§ Nicuotsonia DC. Juints of pod dehiscent along lower suture, not
longer than broad ; upper suture straight, lower slightly indented.
8. Desmopium capitarom DC. Prodr. I, 336. <A prostrate under-
140 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
shrub with elongated woody rounded branches, hoary-tomentose towards
their tips, sometimes reaching 6 feet in length. Leaves 2-2°5 in. long,
8-foliolate, petiole ‘6 in. long slightly grooved and glabrescent above,
adpressed-tomentose beneath; leaflets subcoriaceous, green glabrescent
above, densely white-silky pubescent beneath ; obovate-cuneate apex
rounded, terminal 1°25 in. long, 1 in. across, lateral similar but smaller —
‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. across, lateral nerves about 8 pairs slightly visible
beneath ; stipels subulate ‘1 in. long, stipules linear ‘25 in. long. In-
florescence of dense axillary and terminal subsessile racemes 1-2 in.
long ; pedicels ‘2—"25 in., abruptly reflexed in fruit; bracts small ovate-_
cuspidate ciliate, bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘1 in., glabrescent, teeth
setaceous longer than tube. Corolla purplish-red, ‘2 in. long. Pods
faintly puberulous, ‘5-75 in. long *15 in. wide; joints 6-8, dehiscent
along lower indented suture. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 241; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 170. D. obovatum Wall. Cat. 5722B. D. polycarpum
W.& A. Prodr. 227, in part. Hedysarum capitatum Burm. FI. Ind. 167,
t. 64, f. 1. H. conicum Poir. Eucye. Meth. VI, 419. Pseudarthria capitata
Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 390.
Perak; Durian, 8. Batang, Kunstler 361! Thaipeng, Scortechini!
Pawane; Palan Tawa, Ridley 2598a !
9. Desmopium potycarPpum DC. Prodr. II, 334. An erect or sub-
erect undershrub or shrub 2-5 feet high with woody angular slender
branches shortly tomentose towards their tips. Leaves 2-4 in. long, 3-
foliolate, petiole ‘6-1 in. long, slightly grooved glabrous above, sparsely
adpressed-pubescent beneath; leaflets subcoriaceous, pale-green glabrous
above, thinly adpressed-hirsute beneath, usually obovate-cuneate apex
round, sometimes ovate-acute (D. ovalifolium Wall.), 1:25-3 in. long
1-1'5 in. across,. lateral similar but smaller, *75-1:25 in. long *5-‘75 in.
across, lateral nerves about 6 pairs indistinct; stipels subulate °2 in.
long, stipules linear ‘3 in. long. Inflorescence of dense axillary and |
terminal subsessile racemes 1-4 in. long; pedicels ‘2 in. long as-
cending; bracts ovate-cuspidate ciliate ‘25 in. long, bracteoles minute.
Calyx *1 in., glabrescent, teeth setaceous longer than tube. Corolla pink-
ish-purple, ‘2 in. long. Pods usually faintly or (D. ovalifolium) densely
ciliate, *5—75 in. long. *15 in. wide ; joints 6-8, dehiscent along lower
indented suture. W. & A. Prodr. 227; Wight Ic. t. 406; Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 242; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 171. D. angulatum Wall.
Cat. 5727 in part, not of DC. D. siliquosum DC. Prodr. II, 336. D.
heterocarpum DC. Prodr. II, 337. D. retusum G. Don, Gen. Syst. IT,
297. D. gyroides Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 362, not of DC. JD. Buergers
Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. III, 45. D. nervoswm. Vogel, Pl. Meyen, 28.
D. patens Wight Ic. t. 407. Hedysarwm polycarpum Lamk, Ill. t. 628.
Se
A eae ead
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 141
HI. siliquosum Burm. Fl. Ind. 169, t. 55, fig. 2. H. heterocarpon Linn
Sp. Pl. 747. H. purpurewm Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57; Fl. Ind. III, 358.
H. retusum Don Prodr. 243. H. patens Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 362.
Var. typica; leaves obovate-cuneate rounded at apex; pods faintly
puberulous.
In all the provinces, extremely common. Distris. Hast Africa,
India, Malaya, Indo-China, China, Polynesia.
Var. ovalifolia; leaves ovate-acute base rounded or truncate;
leaflets beneath sometimes softly silky ; pods pubescent with spreading
hairs. D. ovalifolium Wall. Cat. n. 5730.
Penang; Wallich! Pxrrak; Goping, Kunstler 1007! Disrrts.
Sumatra (Forbes n, 1256!) —
There are several more or less distinct forms of D. polycarpwm most of which
are readily recognisable, though all are connected with each other and with typical
D. polycarpum by means of many intermediates. The form here defined as VAR.
ovalifolia has no intermediates, however, and so far as material hitherto collected
goes, might even be treated as a separate species. But its habit and its flowers are
so exactly those of D. polycarpum that it seems better to consider the differences of
leaves and fruit as merely varietal.
§ Scorriurus Bth. Joints of pod indehiscent much longer than
broad constricted along both sutures.
10. Desmopium LaxirLoruM DC. Prodr. II, 335. An erect under-
shrub 2-5 feet high with woody slender obtusely angled stems, at first
densely clothed with short hairs at length glabrescent. Leaves 6-20
in. long, 3-foliolate, petiole 1°5—-2°5 in., pubescent with adpressed hairs,
grooved above ; leaflets membranous or subcoriaceous, green and glabrous
above, sparsely adpressed-hirsute beneath, terminal ovate-acute base
rounded or cuneate, 4-6 in. long 15-3 in. across with petiolule 1 in. long,
lateral nerves prominent beneath 7-10 pairs; lateral leaflets similar
but. smaller 1°5-2°5 in. long, 1-15 in. wide, base obliquely rounded,
petiolule very short; stipels subulate ‘2 in. long; stipules ovate long-
acuminate, ‘3 in, long. Inflorescence in axillary and terminal racemes
6-10 in. long, of 12-20 distant solitary flowers or few-fld. fascicles ;
bracts and bracteoles minute linear or setaceous; rachis puberulous
with adpressed hairs as are the ultimately patent pedicels *2—'25 in.
long. Calyx ‘1 in., pubescent, tube campanulate, teeth lanceolate as long
as tube. Oorolla white, ‘2 in. long. Pod 1-1°75 in. long, pendulous,
‘] in. wide, joints ‘3 in. long, indehiscent, hardly constricted at the
sutures and not ribbed, closely beset with short hooked hairs. Miq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 251; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 164. D. bicolor
Wall. Cat. 5719. D. elongatwm Wall. Cat. 5715. D. leptostachyum
Wall. Cat. 5697 B. D. sulcatum Wall. Cat. 5736. D. recurvatum Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5717; W. & A. Prodr. 226; Wight Ic. t. 374. D. diffu-
142 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. -[No. 1,
sum DO. Prodr. II, 335, non 336. Hedysarum recurvatum Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 57; Fl. Ind. III, 858; Wight, Ic. t. 409. A. diffuswm Roxb. Fl.
Ind. III, 357, not of Willd. H. Roxburghit Spreng. Syst. App. 292.
H. Rottleri Spreng. Syst. III, 320.
ANDAMANS ; Great Coco, Prain! Nicopars; Kondil, Kurz! Disrrr.
Throughout India, Indo-China and Malaya.
11. Desmopium ormocareorres DC. Prodr. II, 327. An erect
undershrub 2-5 feet high with woody slender obtusely angled stems, at
first densely clothed with short hairs at length glabrescent. Leaves 5-7
in. long, 1-foliolate, petiole ‘75 in. long, pubescent with spreading hairs,
channelled above; leaflet subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above,
sparsely pubescent to closely silky beneath, ovate-acute, base rounded or
truncate, 4-6 in. long 1:°5—2°25 in. wide, lateral nerves 6-8 pairs visible
beneath; stipels subulate, ‘2 in. long; stipules ovate long-acuminate
scarious, °3 in. long, subpersistent. Inflorescence in terminal or rarely
axillary racemes 6-10 in. long, of 12-20 distant solitary flowers or
few-fid. fascicles; bracts and bracteoles minute linear or setaceous;
rachis puberulous with rusty tomentum as are the ultimately patent
pedicels ‘25-35 in. long. Calyx ‘1 in. pubescent, tube campanulate,.
teeth short deltoid. Corolla white, °2 in. long. Pod 3-4 in. long, pendu-
lous, ‘15 in. wide; joints 6-8, ‘6 in. long, indehiscent, constricted at both
sutures, longitudinally ribbed, closely beset with short hooked hairs,
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 249; Bak.in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 164. Hedysarum
adhaerens Poir. in Lamk. Eucyc. Meth. V, 15 not of Vahl. H. ormocar-
poides Desv. ex DC. Prodr. II, 827. Rumph. Herb. Amboin, VI, t. 66.
Var. velutina; leaves softly silky beneath. D. zonatwm Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 250.
ANDAMANS; common in the interior of the Islands. SeLancor ;
Ridley 7295! Panana; Kwala Tembeling, Ridley 2605! Dusrris. Java.
The typical form of this species has leaves very sparsely hairy beneath; it
occurs in Java (jide De Candolle), and is common in India from Ceylon and the
Pulney Mts. northwards to Assam.
§ Hererotoma Bth. Joints of pod indehiscent, hardly longer than
broad; upper suture straight or slightly indented; calyx-teeth exceed-
ing tube.
12. Desmopium aanceticuom DC. Prodr. II, 327, A slender
undershrub 1-4 feet high with woody obtusely angled glabrescent stems
and angled adpressed-puberulous branches, Leaves 4-6 in. long, 1-
foliolate, petiole *75 in. long channelled and with a few adpressed hairs
above ; membranous or rarely subcoriaceous, green and glabrous above,
a little paler adpressed-puberulous beneath ; ovate-acute, base rounded
or truncate, 3-5°5 in. long 1-2 in. wide, lateral nerves 8-9 pairs slightly
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 143
visible on both surfaces, cross-nervation slightly visible beneath ;
stipels subulate ‘2 in. long; stipules linear subpersistent ‘25 in, long.
Inflorescence in copious ascending terminal and axillary racemes 6-12
in. long, of 30-40 rather close-set few-fld. fascicles ; bracts and bracteoles
minute setaceous; rachis adpressed-puberulous as are the fastigiate
pedicels °2—'25 in. Calyx finely pubescent, ‘08 in,, teeth lanceolate longer
than campanulate tube. Corolla white,*15 in, long, Pod subfalcate,
‘5-75 in. long, *1 in. across, 6-8-jointed, indented on upper suture, joints
indehiscent slightly longer than broad, minutely puberulous with hooked
hairs. Wall. Cat. 5689; Miq. Flor, Ind. Bat. I, 247; W. & A. Prodr.
225; Wight, Ic. 271; Bak. in Flor. Brit.-Ind. II, 168. D. latifolium
Wight, Ic. t. 272 not t. 270. Hedysarwm gangeticwm Linn. Sp. PL.
746; Roxb, Flor. Ind. III, 349. H. collinum Roxb, Flor. Ind. III, 349.
PenanG; Pinara Bukit, Curtis 2771! Nicopars; Teressa, etc.,
Jelinek 233! King’s Collectors !
13. Dersmopium vircatum Zoll. Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. III, 58.
A slender undershrub 1-4 feet high with angled adpressed-pubescent
stems and branches. Leaves 4—6 in. long, 1-foliolate, petiole '25 in. long
channelled above, densely rusty-tomentose ; membranous or subcoria-
ceous, pale-green glabrous above, adpressed-puberulous beneath ; ovate-
acute, base rounded or truncate, margin slightly sinuate, 3-5 in. long 1-2
in. wide, lateral nerves 8-9 pairs slightly visible on both surfaces ;
stipels subulate *2 in. long; stipules short triangular, ‘15 in. long.
Inflorescence in copious ascending terminal and ‘axillary racemes 3-8 in.
long, of 20-30 close-set few-fld. fascicles ; bracts and bracteoles minute
‘setaceous, rachis densely rusty-tomentose ; pedicels very short, ‘08 in.,,
glabrescent. Calyx glabrescent, ‘08 in., teeth lanceolate longer than
campanulate tube. Corolla pale-pink, ‘2in.long. Pod subfalcate, ‘5-75
in. long, ‘1 in. across, 6-8-jointed, indented or upper suture, joints in-
dehiscent as long as broad, densely clothed with short hooked hairs.
Zoll., Flora (1847) 697. D. latifolium var. virgatwm Mig. Flor, Ind.
Bat. I, 247. D. gangeticum var. acuminatum Miq: Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
248. D. latifoliwm Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 168, in part, hardly
of DC.
Perak; Batu Kuran, Scortechina 1594! Distris. Chittagong,
Burma, Java.
This has the habit and foliage of D. gangeticwm, but in flowers and especially
in fruits, it more resembles D. latifolium to which indeed Miquel and Baker have
referred it.
SupGen. 5. Prerotoma Desv. Shrubs with 1-foliolate leaves and
winged petioles. Flowers racemose, bracts minute and keel acute.
14. Desmopium TriguETRuM DC. Prodr. II, 326. A shrub with
144 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
grooved triangular glabrescent branches. Leaves 5-6 in. long, 1-foliolate ;
petiole 1 in. long ‘3 in. wide, with broad leafy reticulate-veined wings ;
blade 4-5 in. long ‘75-1 in. wide, narrowly oblong-lanceolate with
rounded or subcordate base and acute apex, green and glabrous on both
surfaces, lateral nerves 15-20 pairs and secondary cross reticulate
venation distinct on both surfaces especially beneath; stipules very
large, ‘5-"75 in. long ‘2 in. wide, subscarious, closely parallel-veined
persistent, stipels small adnate to upper margin of petiolar wing.
Inflorescence in narrow axillary and terminal racemes 6-10 in. long, of
solitary or fascicled flowers in the axils of 20-40 simple scarious bracts
resembling foliar stipules with similar but much smaller stipulets at
their base; pedicels ascending *2—3 in, long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, very
sparsely hairy, bracteolate at base, bracteoles narrow scarious linear ;
tube campanulate, teeth unequal, upper deltoid lower linear. Corolla
purple, ‘3 in. long. Pod 1-2 in. long, joints 6-8, thin, ‘2 in. long, °25 in.
wide, densely persistently strigose with subadpressed greyish-brown
hairs. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 163 in part only, the synonyms D.
alatum, D. auriculatum and D. pseudo-triquetrum excluded. Hedysarum
triquetrum Linn. Sp. Pl. 746. H. alatum Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 348.
Pteroloma triquetrum Benth. Pl. Jungh. 220; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
258 excluding the synonyms Desmodium pseudo-triquetrum and D.
alatum.
ANDAMANS; common in the interior of the Islands, PurrRax;
Kunstler 1074! Scortechini! Distrisp. India and Indo-China.
This species is very easily recognised by its hairy pods. Some difficulty is at
times found in separating flowering specimens of this from flowering specimens of
the next species ; the two are however quite distinct. Equally distinct are two other
species, D. alatum and D. pseudo-triquetrum, quite justly differentiated by De Can-
dolle but merged in D. triquetrwm by Miquel, who has been followed in the Flora of
Brit. Ind.
15. Dersmopium avricutatom DC. Prodr. II, 326. A littoral shrub
with grooved triangular glabrescent branches. Leaves 4-5 in. long,
1-foliolate, petiole 1 in. long °3 in, wide, with broad leafy reticulate-veined
wings ; blade 83-4 in. long 1-1°5 in, wide, oblong or ovate-acute with
truncate or cordate base and acute apex, green and glabrous on both
surfaces, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs and secondary cross reticulate
venation distinct on both surfaces, especially beneath ; stipules large +d
in. long ‘2 in. wide, subscarious, closely parallel-veined, persistent, stipels
adnate to tip of petiolar wing. Inflorescence in axillary and terminal
racemes 5-8 in. long, of solitary or fascicled flowers in the axils of 12-20
simple scarious bracts; pedicels ascending, ‘3 in, long. Calyx ‘15
in. long, sparsely hairy, base bracteolate; tube campanulate shorter
than the unequal teeth. Corolla purple, ‘3 in. long. Pod 1-2 in. long,
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 145
joints 6-8 stoutish coriaceous, *25 in. long ‘3 in. wide, quite glabrous,
polished.. D. triguetrum Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 163 in part, not of
DC. Pteroloma auriculatum Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 258.
ANDAMANS; coasts of Great Coco, Prain! of South Andaman, Play-
fair! Kurz! Prain! Disrris. Indo-China; Malay Archipelago.
| Though common in Tenasserim where it has been collected by Wallich (n. 5788
M!) and Helfer (n. 1648!) as well as in Mergni where it has been obtained by
Griffith (n. 568!) and Proudlock (n. 14!), this is not present in Calcutta from any
locality within the Straits Settlements. It is rather more closely related to Desmo-
dium alatwm, which has broader pods, than to the preceding species, but it is equally
distinct from both. It appears to be an almost exclusively littoral form; there are
however two inland gatherings at Calcutta, both from Silhet and both collected by-
Mr. Clarke (n. 14352! and n. 42702!).
It should be noted that Hedysarwm alatum Roxb. is not the species described by
De Candolle as Desmodium alatum; Roxburgh’s H. alatum is exactly equivalent to
Linnaeus’ H. triquetrum. Roxburgh’s H, triquetrwm on the other hand is not
Linnenus’ plant but is Desmodium pseudo-triquetrum DC., a species confined to
Northern India, the lower Himalayan slopes, and the mountains of Assam. D. ala-
tum DC., the plant with broad pods described in the Prodromus, occurs in Khasia,
Cachar and Chittagong without appearing in India proper or in Burma and the
Malay Peninsula; it recurs, however, in Java. The present species, D. awriculatum,
has not been found in Java but is met with again in Timor.
Supcen. 6. Pxrevrotopium DC. Erect undershrubs, with large
leaves. Flowers racemose ; pods indistinctly jointed, dehiscing in a con-
tinuous line along the ventral suture.
16. Desmoprum cyrroipes DOC. Prodr. II, 316. A shrub about 10
feet high with terete sparsely pubescent branches. Leaves 2°5-3 in. long
3- or often only 1-foliolate, petiole ‘75 in. long, slender glabrescent ;
leaflets membranous, oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse, pale-green glabrous
above, very thinly adpressed-pubesceut beneath, 1°75-2 in. long, 1-1'25
in. wide, lateral nerves 6-8 pairs visible beneath; lateral leaflets if
present similar but much smaller, *5 in. long, 4 in. wide. Inflorescence
in dense axillary and terminal at first strobilate racemes, with large
imbricating scarious soon deciduous ovate-acute bracts, *25 in. long *2 in.
wide, pedicels finely-pubescent at length patent, *25 in. long. Calya +1
in., wide-campanulate, teeth triangular half as long astube. Corolla -35
in, long, ‘2 in. across, purple. Pod 1-1°5 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, falcate ;
joints 6-10, dehiscing along the lower slightly indented suture but not
separating from each other, copiously pubescent with a felted rusty
tomentum. Wall. Cat. 5728; W. & A. Prodr. 227; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat.
I, 243 ; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 175. D. pseudogyroides Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 244. Hedysarwm gyroides Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57. Codario-
calyx gyroides Hassk. Flor. (1842) Beiblatt. II, 49. C. conicus Hassk.
in Walp. Rep. I, 744. Pseudarthria polycarpa Hassk. Pl. Jav, Rar, 393.
doit. fa
146 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Perak; Kinta river, Kunstler 765! Dusrris. India, Indo-China,
Malaya.
42. Sopyora Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers showy, yellow or
white or violet-purple, racemed or panicled. Calyx oblique subgibbous
broadly campanulate; teeth deltoid very short. Corolla much exserted,
standard broad; petals equal in length all with long claws; keel obtuse.
Stamens free or only obscurely connate at the very base; anthers uni-
form versatile. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style incurved, stigma
capitate. Pod moniliform, sublignose or membranous usually indehis-
cent, the joints turgid and usually terete. Species about 25; wide-
spread in tropical and subtropical regions, a few temperate or alpine.
The above definition applies to the section Eusophora, to which the only Malayan
species belongs.
SopHora TOMENTOSA Linn. Sp. Pl. 373. An evergreen littoral shrub
or small tree sometimes reaching 20 feet in height, with all parts at first
softly and shortly tomentose. Leaves 6-12 in. long, leaflets 10-17 ter-
minal and in subopposite pairs or often along proximal half of rachis
distinctly alternate, elliptic to oval-obtuse 1-1°5 in. long, *5--75 in.
wide, thinly coriaceous, with age glabrescent above, persistently softly
pubescent beneath, petiolules very short densely pubescent as is the
rachis. Flowers in terminal racemes 6 in. long on softly tomentose
pedicels, *3 in. long, with deciduous subulate basal bracteoles, *15 in.
long. Calyx obliquely truncate, *35 in. long, obsoletely toothed, exter-
nally softly pubescent. Corolla yellow, glabrous, °65 in. long; standard
orbicular veined. Stamens almost free to the base, the vexillary fila-
ment quite free, the filaments of the other 9 very shortly connate round
base of pubescent 10—12-ovuled ovary. Pod moniliform 6-8-seeded,
4—6 in. long, the oblong hoary joints separated by stipes as long as
themselves. DC. Prodr. II, 95; Wall. Cat. 5333; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II,
316; W. & A. Prodr. 179; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 124; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 249. 8. glabra Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog, 285; Miq. Flor,
Ind. Bat. I, 125 ( fide Baker).
Kepau ; Langkawi, Curtis! Dinpinas ; on coast, Scortechint! Curtis f
Perak ; Larut, Ridley! Punto Connor; on the coast, Finlayson! Aypa-
MANS ; very common on all the coasts. Dusrris. On most tropical sea-
coasts.
43. Ormosta Jacks.
Erect trees or, one species, climbing. Leaves odd-pinnate. Flowers
usually in dense terminal racemes. Calyx campanulate, deeply 5-cleft,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 147
the two upper teeth usually distinctly subconnate into an upper lip.
Corolla slightly exserted, petals subequal in length, all short-clawed ;
standard orbicular sometimes emarginate; keel petals free, and wings
oblong, obtuse. Stamens free or only faintly subconnate at the very
base, much incurved and exserted when the flower expands; anthers
oblong, versatile. Ovary subsessile ; style long, filiform, circinate at the
tip with an oblique stigma on the inner face. Pod thickly fleshy or °
woody, or thinly woody, turgid 2-valved continuous within, the sutures
without wings. Seeds bright red, with or without arillus, Species
about 25, cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Climber; (leaves quite glabrous beneath) ef. -» LL. O. scandens.
Trees :—
Seeds large with a black adnate basal aril; (leaves mi-
nutely sparsely pubescent underneath) :—
Panicles fastigiate, flowers white, pedicels stout; pods
3 in. wide, seed 1 in. long 5 -. 2. ©. macrodisca.
Panicles lax, flowers yellow, pedicels ikdiaes pods 1°25
in. wide, seed “75 in. long sas va ooo «68s | (O gracilis,
Seeds small without any aril :—
Leaves quite glabrous beneath ; (pod °6 in. broad, °4 in,
thick, valves thinly woody) aie aes «, '% O. nitida,
Leaves pubescent beneath :—
Leaflets distinctly petiolulate; pedicels shorter than
calyx; pod with thinly woody valves ‘6 in. broad,
°*4, in. thick :—
Leaflets (9-13) small (not exceeding 2°5 in.) shortly
acuminate (dark green thinly pubescent beneath)... 5. O. parviflora.
Leaflets larger (4 in long) acute or subobtuse :-—
Leaflets thinly pubescent beneath, pale-green,
7-9; branches thin; panicles lax, bracts small;
pubescence grey 6. O. sumatrana.
Leaflets densely a ee Pp ey Gee: -green,
11-13 ; branches very thick; panicles fastigiate,
bracts conspicuous; pubescence rusty .. 7% O. microsperma.
Leaflets sessile; pedicels almost equalling calyx ; ie
with thickly woody valves 1°35 in. wide, 1 in. thick . 8. O. venosa,
1. OrmosIA SCANDENS Prain. A large enh over 100 feet long
with stem 6-8 in. in diam.; branches glabrous. Leaves 12-15 in. long;
leaflets 5-7, ovate-oblong or the terminal slightly obovate, coriaceous,
bright-green, quite glabrous on both surfaces, apex shortly acuminate
base rounded, 6-9 in. long, 2°5-3 in, across; secondary nerves 13-18,
fine ultimate reticulations rather distinct beneath. Racemes in ample
terminal panicles, 12 in. long 6 in, across, with pale-tawny shortly
puberulous rachis and branches, pedicels *2 in, long, pale-tawny silky,
shorter than the calyx, with a minute deciduous basal and 2 subulate
148 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
apical persistent bracteoles, ‘08 in. long, close under calyx, Calya *25 in.
long, finely grey-silky, three lower teeth deltoid as long as calyx-tube,
two upper subconnate into a shortly bifid upper lip. Corolla *35 in. long,
white with a reddish tinge, standard ‘25 in. across. Stamens quite free,
incurved, exserted. Ovary with line of hairs along upper suture, else-_
where glabrous, ovate; style slightly contorted; ovules 3. Pod un-
known.
Perak; Larut, Kunstler 3560!
A very distinct species differing from the rest in its scandent habit. Mr.
Kunstler speaks of it as rare.
2. OrmosiA MAcRopIScA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 253. A large
tree with very thick grey glabrous branches. Leaves 8-10 in. long,
leaflets 7-9, oblong, very thick and rigid in texture, pale grey-green on
both surfaces, quite glabrous above, with a very sparse adpressed
pubescence of short hairs beneath, apex acute, base broadiy rounded to
cuneate, 3-5 in. long, 1°25-2 in. broad, secondary veins 7-9 pairs, faintly
prominent beneath, Racemes crowded in terminal fastigiate panicles,
6 in. long, 3 in. wide, with brown-silky puberulous rachis and branches,
pedicels "1-15 in., brown-silky, shorter than calyx, with a minute basal
and 2 minute apical persistent bracteoles close under calyx. Calyx °3 in.
long, finely brown-silky, three lower teeth two-thirds, two upper teeth
one-third as long as tube, all teeth oblong-obtuse.” Corollu °5 in. long,
white; standard ‘4 in. across. Stamens quite free, incurved, exserted.
Ovary glabrous, obliquely oblong, ovules 3. Pod hard thick irregularly
orbicular, 3 in. across ‘75 in. thick, at first flattened, at length turgid
opposite the usually solitary seed. Seed oblong, 1 in. long, ‘7 in. wide,
bright scarlet, with an adnate, black, pitted aril, ‘2 in. deep, embracing
its base.
Maracoa ; Maingay 600! Sincarort; Rzdley 2103!
3. ORMOSIA GRACILIS Prain. A slender tree with very thin pale-
brown glabrous branches. Leaves 5-8 in. long, leaflets 7-9, ovate-lanceo-
late, chartaceous, pale grey-green on both surfaces, quite glabrous above,
with a very sparse adpressed pubescence of short hairs beneath, apex
caudate-acuminate, base cuneate, 2°5-3 in. long, 1 in. across, secondary
veins 8-9 pairs, very faint beneath not visible above. Racemes in lax
terminal panicles, 5 in. across, with slender branches 6 in. long, faintly
adpressed grey-silky as is the rachis, pedicels grey-silky, ‘15 in. long,
very slender, rather shorter than calyx, with lanceolate basal bract,
‘08 in. long, and 2 very minute triangular apical bracteoles at base
of calyx. Calyx °25 in. long, fizely silky, pale-green, teeth ovate-
lanceolate, longer than calyx-tabe except the two upper. Corolla pale-
yellow, °35 in, long; standard ‘25 in. across. Stamens quite free, much
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 149
incurved, exserted. Ovary puberulous, ovate-lanceolate ; ovules 2. Pod
hard, thick, irregularly oblong-ovate, with a short stalk and slightly
excentric acute point, 1:5 in. Jong, 1°25 in. wide, externally covered with
a pale blueish bloom; inside white. Seed usually solitary, oblong, °75
in, long, ‘6 in. wide, somewhat compressed, bright scarlet, with an adnate,
black, smooth aril, "15 in. deep, embracing its base.
Perak ; Larut, Scortechini 324! Kunstler 4234! Wray 2979!
A very fine species; near to O. macrodisca, but with a smaller pod and seed ag
well as with smaller leaflets; the seed too has the black arillar portion unpitted,
It resembles O. glauca as to leaves though its leaflets are not quite so large;
it has however larger seeds than O. glauca has, and the seeds have a black hilum;
the seeds of O. glauca are all scarlet.
4, QOrmosia nNITIDA Prain, A tree 30-50 feet high, stem 2 feet in
circumference, with stont rusty-brown glabrescent branches. Leaves
5-7 in, long, leaflets 7, obovate or elliptic, base rounded, apex broadly
rounded and abruptly shortly cuspidate, very rigidly coriaceous, dark
glossy-green quite glabrous on both surfaces, terminal (25-4: in. long,
1-3-2 in. wide, rather exceeding the others, secondary nerves very
slender, 12-15 pairs. Racemes in fastigiate terminal panicles, 6-8 in.
long, 5-6 in. across, rachis and branches faintly puberulous, pedicels
puberulous, ‘15 in. long, shorter than calyx, bracts and bracteoles de-
ciduous. Calyx ‘2 in. long, rather densely tawny-silky, teeth deltoid, the
3 lower as long as tube the two upper subconnate into a 2-fid upper lip.
Corolla unknown, Pod irregularly oblong, 1 in. long ‘75 in. across, the
valves thinly woody, rigid, quite glabrous and black externally, brown
and not suberous within, with a short stalk equalling the calyx-tube.
Seed oval, usually if not always sdlitary, cinnabar-red, °35 in. long ‘3 in.
wide, without arillus.
Perak; Goping, in open jungle, local, Kunstler 6082 !
This very distinct species has unfortunately only been reported in fruit. Its
- pods are very like those of O. microsperma or O. parvifolia but appear to have been
glabrous from the beginning. They differ, moreover, very markedly in being shortly
stipitate ; the leaflets too, are of different shape and firmer texture, besides being
quite glabrous on both surfaces.
5. ORMOSIA PARVIFOLIA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 253. A fairly
large tree with slender persistently brown-velvety branches. Leaves
6-8 in. long, leaflets 9-13, oblong, coriaceous, green, glossy above, thinly
hairy beneath, apex shortly acuminate, base rounded, the terminal
rather larger than the others, 2-2°5 in. long, ‘6-7 in. wide, secondary
nerves fine and hardly raised beneath, 8-9 pairs. Racemes in fastigiate
terminal panicles with rather short branches, 3-4 in. long, 2°5 in. wide,
with densely brown-velvety rachis and branches, pedicels brown-velvety,
very short, each with an ovate-lanceolate basal bract and with 2 ovate
150 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx ‘2 in. long, densely brown-silky, the
teeth triangular, the three lower as long as the calyx-tube the two upper
rather shorter. Corolla apparently white, ‘35 in. long, standard -25 in.
across. Stamens quite free, incurved, exserted. Ovary ovate, densely
silky, ovules 3. Pod orbicular, ]-seeded, or oblong and lineate between
the seeds if 2-3-seeded, shortly stipitate, valves thin, rigid, at first
densely silky soon glabrescent aud black externally, reddish-brown
inside. Seeds ovoid, °3 in. long, °25 in. wide, cinnabar-red, without
arillus. Macrotropis buncana Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 295.
Mataccea ; Griffith 1765! Maingay 614! Goodenough 1443 ! Sincavore ;
Ridley 5929! 8096! Panane; Ridley 1267! 5013! Dasrris. Banka
(Teysmann 3405!) ; Borneo (Haviland 57!)
There is an authentic example of Macrotropis ? bancana Miq. at Calcutta; it
belongs undoubtedly to this species.
6, OrRMOSIA SUMATRANA Prain. A large tree with tomentose
rather slender ultimately glabrescent branches. Leaves 8-10 in. long,
leaflets 7-9 (very rarely 5), ovate or ovate-elliptic or obovate, obtusely
apiculate or subacuminate, base rounded, coriaceous, pale-green, glab-
rous somewhat glossy above, hirsute but at length glabrescent beneath
as are the rachis and petiolules, 2-4 in. long 1-1'75 in. wide, the ter-
minal exceeding the others, nerves 8-10 pairs, spreading rather pro-
minent beneath. tacemes in lax terminal panicles, 6-8 in. long and
almost as wide, with pubescent rachis and branches; pedicels ‘1 in.
long, shorter than the calyx, bracts ‘1 in. long, oblong, very deciduous
as are the similar bracteoles at base of pedicels, the two bracteoles
under the calyx sub-persistent, lanceolate, ‘08 in. long. Calyx ‘2 in.,
externally tawny-pubescent, three lower teeth ovate-lanceolate shorter
than tube, the two upper subconnate in a 2-lobed upper lip. Corolla
pinkish-white with lilac-purple markings, °35 in. long, standard orbi-
cular emarginate, ‘3 in. wide. S/amens quite exserted,incurved. Ovary
densely puberulous, almost always 3-ovuled. Pod irregularly orbicular
if l-seeded, 1 in. across, oblong and 1:7 in. long if 2-seeded, lineate
between the seeds, the valves thinly woody, rigid, black and glabrescent
externally. Seed ovoid ‘4 in, long, ‘35 in. wide, cinuabar-red without
arillus. Macrotropis swmatrana Miq. For. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 294.
Matacca; Brisu, Holmberg 735! Distris. Sumatra (Veysmann
3618! Forbes 2592! 2648 !)
Though very closely related to the next species, this is nevertheless easily
distinguished by its different leaves and tomentum, its lax panicles, its smaller
flowers, and its larger seeds.
The Malacca plant here referred to O, swmatrana has been only once collected ;
it has inflorescence and flowers exactly as in. O sumatrana but it has not yet been
sent in fruit. While therefore we know that it differs from O. microsperma and from
O. venosa it is not absolutely certain that it exactly agrees with O, swmatranda. .
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 151
7. ORMOSIA MICROSPERMA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 253. A
tree 40 to 60 feet high with thick, densely brown-velvety branches.
Leaves 8-10 in. long, leaflets 11-13, oblong or obovate, acute or subobtuse,
base broadly rounded, rigidly coriaceous, dark-green, glabrous rather
glossy above, densely persistently shortly brown-pubescent beneath as
are the rachis and petiolules, 2°5-4 in. long 1:5-2 in. wide, secondary
nerves 7-9 pairs, slightly raised beneath. Racemes in ample terminal
fastigiate panicles, 8 in. long, 6 in. across, with densely velvety rachis
and branches ; pedicels (07-12 in. long, much shorter than the calyx,
bracts ovate-lanceolate, densely velvety, persistent, *25 in. long, bracteoles
at base of pedicels similar but smaller (12 in, long), two bracteoles
close under calyx ‘1 in. long, oblong. Calyx ‘25 in, long, externally
densely velvety, 3 lower teeth as long as calyx 2 upper rather shorter,
Corolla white, °45 in. long, standard ‘35 in. wide, Stamens quite free,
exserted, incurved. Ovary densely velvety, 3-4-ovuled. Pod ‘6 in.
across, irregularly orbicular if l-seeded, oblong and I-1°2 in. long if
2-seeded, lineate between the seeds, the valves thinly woody, rigid,
glabrescent or persistently velvety. Seed ovoid ‘3 in. long, 25 in. wide,
cinnabar-red, without arillus.
Var. typica; pedicels very short, pods when ripe glabrescent.
O. coarctata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLII, 2. 71 hardly of Jackson.
Maracoa; Griffith 1759! Maingay 532! Derry 1090! Perak; near
Ulu Selangor, Kunstler 8767 !
Var. Ridleyi; pedicels distinct, pods more persistently pubescent,
Sincapore; Selitar, Ridley, 5574!
The specimens collected by Dr. Griffith have been named by Mr. Bentham
“ Ormosia coarctata ? Jacks.” and those collected by Dr. Maingay have been defi-
nitely issued as Ormosia coarctata; Mr. Kurz too, has accepted this determination.
Mr. Baker however finds that the identification of Griffith’s and Maingay’s
Malacca plant with O. coarctata Jackson (Trans. Linn. Soc. X, t. 25; a plant from
Guiana) cannot be sustained.
Ormosia microsperma is nearly related to O. sumatrana (Macrotropis sumatrana
Mig.) and. is-also closely related to Chenolobium septemjugum Mig. and C. decem-
jugum Miq. (Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 302). Mr. Kurz reduces the genus Chenolobiwm
to Ormosia (Journ. As: Soc. Beng. XLII, 2. 71); in this he is certainly right. He,
however, further considers that both plants are but forms of the same species and
that moreover they are both referable to O. microsperma. So far as the material
- that was at Kurz’ disposal goes this appears to the writer to be a premature conclu-
sion, and it seems better for the present to keep Miquel’s plants specifically apart.
Mr, Ridley’s plant from Singapore differs very considerably from the Perak and
Malacca one. The pods are described as hairy in the field note; they are so in the
specimens themselves, but those at Calcutta are not quite ripe. If the pods prove
to be quite persistently velvety it will probably be necessary to treat the plant as
a distinct species to be named O, Ridleys.
152 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
8. OrmostA veNosA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 254. A tall tree,
with branches densely persistently velvety-pubescent. Leaves 4-6 in.
long, leaflets 7, obovate-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse, base cuneate nearly
sessile on the rachis, rigidly coriaceous, greyish-green glabrous but dull
above, densely persistently tomentose beneath, 3-4 in, long 1°5-2 in.
across, terminal exceeding the rest, secondary nerves 10-12, distinctly
raised beneath, rachis densely velvety. Racemes terminal crowded, with
rather slender branches, 3-4 in. long and about as wide, rachis and
branches densely velvety ; pedicels *2 in. long, nearly equalling the calyx,
bracts *15 in. long, lanceolate, persistent, bracteoles at base of pedicels ‘1*
in. long, 2 bracteoles under calyx minute but subpersistent. Calyx *25
in. long, densely velvety, teeth triangular, three lower as long as tube,’
two upper subconnate. Corolla *35 in. long, apparently white, standard
‘*3 in. across. Stamens incurved, exserted. Ovary velvety. Pod obtuse
or subacute, orbicular or oblong, obtuse or subacute, 1°5 in. long, 1°35 in.
across, ‘1 in. thick, the valves very thickly woody, black and glabrous
externally. Seeds usually solitary, ovoid, ‘5 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, crim-
son-red, without arillus.
Matacca; Maingay 533!
A very distinct species.
Svzorpver II. Oxmsatprniez.
Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs. Leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate _
leaflets l-co -paired, rarely simple or 1-foliolate, stipels usually 0, if
present very minute. Inflorescence racemose, rarely cymose, very rarely
spicate; axillary, lateral, or in terminal panicles. Flowers irregular or
very rarely regular, 5-, less often4-merous. Sepals 5, or 4 from fusion of
the upper two, divided to the summit of the disc that lines the short or
long calyx-tube, imbricate or rarely valvate, or very rarely united in a
toothed’ or lobed limb. Petals 5, or fewer by abortion, the upper inner-
most in bud, the others variously imbricate. Stamens 10, or fewer by
abortion, very rarely indefinite, free or rarely some or all more or less
connate; anthers various. Ovary free or united by its stipe to the disc-
bearing calyx-tube. Seeds various, albumen copious, scanty, or 0.
Radicle,straight or slightly oblique, hidden between cotyledons, or short- .
ly exserted.
Leaves simply pinnate or (Bauhinia) 1-foliolate :—
Anthers basifixed :—
Leaves even-pinnate; (petals 5) dh we. 44, Cassi.
Leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets alternate :—
Petals 5; stamens 5; pod flat, winged throughout its
circumference, indehiscent .., nae ... 45, KOOMPASSIA,
1897.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 153
wingless, dehiscent * 46.
Anthers versatile :—
Corolla complete, i.e., with 5 petals; sepals 5; (stamens
free) :—
Seeds with albumen; leaves 1-foliolate 2-lobed, rarely
entire, rately by fission 2-foliolate 47,
Seeds without albumen; leaves even-pinnate, 9-3.
(rarely 1-) jugate ... eee ce 48,
Corolla incomplete, 1e., with fewer than 5 petals;
sepals 4 :— |
Petals present; sepals green; (leaflets even-pin-
nate) :—
Petals 3; nunene 3 tei ae Bee see we 49,
Petal solitary :—
Calyx-lobes subvalvate; stamens monadelphous
9, all or only 2 perfect, funiculus of seed thick
arillate ae ve = 0.
Calyx- -lobes much sabeeeeed ; stamens free 3 ,..° 51.
Petals 0 ; sepals coloured :—
Leaflets even-pinnate; stamens 3-8 ,,, ee 52.
Leaflets alternate ; stamens 8-10 zh soe =
Leaves 2-pinnate ; (anthers versatile) :—
Calyx segments subequal; stigma peltate «BA.
Calyx segments manifestly unequal, the lowest lobe oe
late larger than the rest :—
Pod wingless sce ues
Pod winged :—
Wing extending all along the upper suture 56.
Wing apical, (pod samaroid) .,. ta ail, Ba.
pinnate.
Petals 2 or O; stamens 2; pi turgid mc
terminal panicles.
imbricated.
Petals 5,
44, Cassia Linn. |
Erect shrubs or trees, rarely herbs.
Flowers usually large and showy, in axillary racemes and
sepals broad or narrow,
usually broad.
Calyx-tube very short ;
imbricated, subequal,
DIALIUM,
BAUHINIA.
CYNOMETRA,
TAMARINDUS,
SINDORA.
AFZELIA,
SARACA.
CRUDIA.
PELTOPHORUM,
CHSALPINIA,
MEZONEURON.
PTEROLOBIUM.
Leaves simple, abruptly
Stamens
normally 10, but rarely all perfect, 8-5 being often reduced to stamino-
dia or altogether absent ; anthers mostly but not invariably basifixed,
‘dehiscing by terminal pores or with the slit more or less continued lon-
gitudinally.
stigma terminal.
albuminous seeds flattened,
times with the septa, dry, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Ovary sessile or stalked, many-ovuled ;
Pod very variable, terete or flat, usually septate, the
sometimes parallel with the valves, some-
Species 340, spread
everywhere in the tropics, a few extra-tropical.
J. 11. 20
style incurved,
154 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
‘'rees shrubs or stout herbs with large leaflets and
with obtuse sepals*:—
Stamens 10, all fertile :—
Lowest 2-3 stamens larger than the rest, pods
terete indebiscent (} Fistula) :—
Flowers pink, in dense corymbs, bracts large
persistent :—
Leafiets acate, corymbs from old nodes below
leaves, sepals green, petals acute ... ost, hed.) O. modesa:
Leaflets obtuse, corymbs among leaves, cee
brown to purple, petals obtuse... oe 2 OC. javanica.
Flowers yellow, in lax racemes, bracts small
deciduous ave ae wo. oO OC. Fistula,
Lowest stamens not exceeding the Fost pods flat,
dehiscent (§ Psilorhegma) ... os vos 4 1G, Guamed,
Stamens 7 only fertile; the 3 upper reduced to sta-
minodes (§ Serna); pods dehiscent, usually more or
less compressed) :—
Leaves with glands on the common rachis :—
Glands between the bases of two opposed lea-
flets; leaflets obtuse, pods with oblique dissepi-
ments; seeds rhombohedral :—
Glands between each of the two lower pairs of
leaflets ; pedicels short, pods subquadrate ... 5. OC. Tora.
Gland between lowest pair of leaflets only;
pedicels long, pods subterete oe 6. C. obtusifolia.
Glands far below leaflets and near base of ene ;
leaflets acute, pods with transverse dissepiments ;
seeds ovate, compressed :—
Calyx, leaves and pods densely tomentose;
flowers in subsessile axillary pairs .. %% OC. horsuta.
Calyx, leaves and pods glabrous; flowers in
axillary corymbs :—
Leaflets 3-5 pairs; pods flattened ws 8 OC. occidentalis.
Leaflets 8-12 pairs; pods turgid 0 9 UC. Sophen.
Leaves with rachis channelled above, barred trans-
versely between the leaflets but withont glands :—
Shrubs with flowers in strobilate subspicate ra-
cemes; pods winged along the valves; leaflets
reaching 6 in. oe soc 1 0. C0. alata, |
Trees with flowers in panicles of eras pods
not winged ; leaflets not exceeding 2°5 in. :—
Stipules large persistent; pod thin-valved
flexible, with narrow sutures es .. Ll. C. timoriensis.
Stipules small deciduous ; pod with coriaceous
rigid valves, sutures thickened .., .. 12, OC. siamea.,
Slender herbs or undershrebs with very small leaflets
and witli acute sepals (§ Chamecrista) :—
Leaflets lincar minute (15 in. long); pedicels 1 in.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 155
bracteolate above middle ; pod 20-25-seeded ; stamens
all fertile alternately short and long ius .. 13. CO. mimosordes.
Leaflets oblong (‘4 in. long, ‘15 in. wide); pedicels °3
in. bracteolate below middle; pod 8~16-seeded; sta-
mens unequal 1-3 upper often sterile ya .. 14. OC. Leschenaultiana.
§ 1. Fisruta DC Sepals obtuse, stamens all antheriferous, the
2—3 lowest larger than the rest and with longer filaments. Pods inde-
hiscent, stipitate, very long, terete with thin brittle ligneons dissepi-
ments between the numerous seeds which are embedded in suberous
wad-like discs between the partitions.
1. Cassta noposa Ham. in Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. A tree 40-50
feet high, stem 10-15 inches across, branches spreading, branchlets
black glabrous except for the slightly downy tips. Leaves equally
pinnate 9-10 in, long; leaflets chartaceous 6-12 pairs, opposite, oblong,
base rounded, apex shortly acuminate, 2-2°5 in, long, 1-125 in. wide,
bright green, glabrous and shining above, dull and slightly pubescent,
especially on the nerves, beneath ; lateral nerves spreading 12-16 pairs,
sleuder but visible beneath, petiolules ‘15 in. long, puberulous as is the
leaf-rachis. Jlowers in corymbs 2-3 in, long, from old nodes along the
branches, peduncles solitary or 2-4 together, puberulous simple very
rarely branched, | in. long, bracts ovate-lanceolate persistent, puberulous,
‘25 in, long, pedicels puberulous the lower 1°5 in. long. Calyx 5-partite
to the base, lobes subequal green, ovate-obtuse, hoary. Petals 5, sub-
_ equal, carnation to white with a flush of pink, ‘6-7 in. long, °25 in, wide
ovate-acute, distinctly clawed. Stamens 10, all antheriferiferous, the 3
lowest with longer nodose filaments and larger authers than the others.
Pod terete, rather distinctly annulated, 5 in. in diam., 1:5-2 feet long, -
giossy black with thin brittle ligneous transverse dissepiments between
the 60-90 seeds each of which is embedded in a suberous disc ‘5 in.
across ‘2 in. thick. Seeds broadly ovate smooth slightly shining, °35 in.
long, “3 in across, *2 in. thick, testa pale warm-brown. Wall. Cat.
5351; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IIT, 386; Wight, Ic. t. 410; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. IT, 261.
ANDAMANS; King’s Collectors! Matacca; Griffith! Maingay 596!
Bukit Tampin, Goodenough 1912! Brisu, Derry 537! Sadanan Reserve,
Derry 588! Selandan, Goodenough 125! Penana; Waterfall, Curtis
1576! Perak; Chanderiang, Kunstler 5722! near Ulu Ketling,
Avunstler. 8732! Goping, Kunstler 4864! Scortechini 1934! Panane;
Makang, Ridley 1359! Dusrris. Indo-China, from Sylhet and Chitta-
gong southwards and eastwards; Sumatra (Torbes 1748! 2669!) ;
Borneo (Huviland!)
The Malay names given for this are Siboosok (Goodenough 1912); Busok-busok
(Derry 5387); and S’busu (Goodenough 125; Derry 588). This name it shares with
156 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
C. javanica. It seems that this species does not occur in Java, where C. javanica is
its representative.
2. Cassa gavanica Linn. Sp. Pl. 379. A tree 30-40 feet high,
branches spreading ; branchlets black glabrous except for the slightly
downy tips, Leaves equally pinnate 9-15 in. long; leaflets chartaceous
8-20 pairs, opposite, oblong, base rounded, apex obtuse, 15-2 in. long,
‘75-9 in. wide, bright-green, glabrescent and slightly shining above,
dull and uniformly puberulous beneath, lateral nerves rather oblique
J0-12 pairs, slender but visible beneath, petiolules ‘15 in. long, puberu-
lous as is the leaf-rachis. Flowers in corymbs 6-10 in. long, terminal
and from leaf-axils, sometimes paniculately branched, peduucles solitary,
often with 1-2 small foliage leaves with 2-4 pairs of leaflets, puberulous,
4—6 in. long, bracts ovate-lanceolate ‘4-"5 in. long, persistent, puberulous,
pedicels puberulous the lowest 15 in. long. Calyx 5-partite to the
base, lobes subequal crimson to purple-brown, ovate-obtuse, hoary.
Petals 5 subequal, rose-pink, ‘8-1 in. long, ‘35 in. wide, broadly spathu-
late obtuse, distinctly clawed. Stamens 10 all antheriferous, the 3 lowest
with nodose larger filaments and larger anthers. Pod terete, not very
distinctly annulated, ‘75 in. in diam., 1°25-1°5 feet long, glossy black, with
thin brittle ligneous transverse dissepiments between the 50-75 seeds
each of which is embedded in a suberous disc °75 in. across ‘2 in. thick.
Seeds broadly ovate, smooth slightly shining, '35 in. long, ‘3 in. across,
‘2 in. thick, testa pale warm-brown. DC. Prodr. II, 490; Wall. Cat.
5309; Benth. Pl. Jungh. 259; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, 90; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 267; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. II, 8. C. Bacillus Gaertn.
Fruct. I, 313; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Flor. Ind. II, 337; Wight, Ic.
252. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. II, 82, t. 22.
Perak; Thaipeng, Wray 4020! Distris. Sumatra (Forbes 1275!) ;
Java,
Mr. Wray is the only collector who has sent this very distinct species to Calcutta
from the Malay Peninsula. The Malay name of this Mr. Wray gives as Sibusu,
a circumstance that causes no surprise when it is considered how very closely
related this species and ©. nodosa undoubtedly are,
3. Cassia Fistuta Linn. Sp, Pl. 377. A tree 20-40 feet high with
spreading branches and glabrous branchlets, Leaves equally pinnate
8-16 in. long; leaflets coriaceous 4-6 pairs, developing successively,
opposite, ovate, tapering from below the middle to a narrow point, base
wide-cuneate, 2-6 in. long, 15-3°5 in. wide, bright-green, glabrous
shining above, dull and paler beneath when young clothed with a close
but very caducous silvery pubescence; lateral nerves obliquely spread-
ing 10-20 pairs, slender but visible above somewhat prominent beneath,
petiolules ‘2 in. long stoutish, glabrous as is the leaf-rachis. lowers im
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 157
long lax racemes 12-20 in. long, bracts minute caducous, pedicels glab-
rous 15-2 in. Jong. Calyx 5-partite to the base, segments broadly
spathulate ‘25 in. long, finely puberulous. Petals 5 subequal, obovate
shortly clawed, *8-] in. long, *6—7 in. wide. Stamens 10 all antheriferous,
the 3 lowest with larger and thicker but not nodose filaments, and with
larger anthers. Pod terete, ‘9-1 in. thick, not at all annulated, 1-2 feet
long, dull black with thin brittle ligneous transverse dissepiments
between the 50-90 seeds each of which is embedded in a suberous dise
*8—9 in. across, °2 in. thick. Seeds broadly ovate smooth shining, ‘35
in. long, ‘3 in. across, ‘2 in. thick, testa pale warm-brown. DOC, Prodr.
II, 488; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Fl. Ind. II, 3833; Wall. Cat. 5302;
W.& A. Prodr. 285; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 89; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
IJ, 261; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. TI, 11. OC. rhombifolia Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 31; Flor. Ind. IJ, 334; Wight Ie. t. 269.
Maracca; fide Baker in Flor. Brit. Ind. Anpamans; planted,
commou.
This is the well-known Amaltds or ‘‘Tndian Laburnum ”’ undoubtedly a native of
India but, not in the writer’s opinion, entitled to be considered an indigenous tree in
Malaya; indeed none of the Malayan botanists have sent specimens to Calcutta.
Mr. Baker however alludes to specimens at Kew from Malactéa; possibly it is plant-
ed in the other provinces also. In the Andamans it only occnrs as a planted tree.
§ 2. PsrtoraeGmMa Vogel. Sepals obtuse, stamens all antheriferous,
anthers all subequal. Pods compressed, dehiscent, the dissepiments
between the seeds membranous.
4, Cassia Grauca Lamk Encyc. Meth. I, 647. A small tree 15-20
feet high with glabrous terete branches ; stem 4-6 im. in diam. Leaves
equally pinnate 6—9 in. long; leaflets 4-6 pairs opposite, membranous
or subcoriaceous, pale-green glabrous above, very glaucous and sparsely
adpressed-puberulous or glabrous beneath, ovate-acute, base cuneate,
2-4 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs indistinct,
petiolules *15 in. long, puberulous as is the rachis which is faintly
ehannelled above and furnished with long conical glands between each
ef the 2-5 lowest pairs of leaflets ; stipules falcate narrowly lanceolate
‘30 in. long, caducous. Flowers in axillary corymbs 4 in. long, 2°5 in.
across, the peluncles 2 in. long; lower pedicels 1°25 in. long, spreading,
solitary in the axils of small elliptic caducous bracts glabrous as are the
peduncles. Calyx 5-partite to the base, segments very unequal, pale-
yellow, glabrous, all orbicular, the outer ‘2, the others ‘3 in. across.
Petals 5 subequal, spreading, broadly ovate-obtuse shortly clawed, 1 in.
long, °75 in. across, pale-primose with faint greenish-yellow veins.
Stamens 10 subequal. Pod straight flat very thin, dehiscent, linear,
tapering to both ends, flexible, dull, slightly compressed between the
seeds, valves thinly coriaceous, 6-8 in. long, ‘5-7 in. wide, with a stalk
158 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
‘5-6 in. long. Seeds biseriate, 20-30, oval, °25 in. long, 15 in. wide,
very thin, testa dark-brown shining. DC. Prodr. IT, 495; Wall. Gat.
5312; W. & A. Prodr. 289; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. 91; Mig. Flor, Ind.
Bat. I, 96; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 265. (©. surattensis Burm. Flor.
Ind. 97. CG. arborescens Vahl. Symb. III, 56; Roxb, Hort. Beng. 31.
Senna arborescens Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 346.
Penana; Kunstler 1473! Curtis! Matacca; cultivated, Maingay
595! Perak; Simpang, Wray 2051! Disrris. §.-H. Asia generally, but
often, perhaps usually cultivated.
§ 3. Sunna Bth, & Hk. f. Sepals obtuse, perfect stamens 7,
the 3 uppermost reduced to staminodes, the remainder subequal or the
lowest 2-3 with longer filaments and larger anthers than the rest. Pods
compressed, rarely subterete, usually dehiscent, the dissepiments between
the seeds membranous. ~
5. Cassta Tora Linn. Sp. Pl. 376. An annual footid herb or
undershrub 2-3 feet high. eaves equally pinnate, distinctly petioled,
3-4 in. long; leaflets 3 pairs opposite, membranous, glaucous, obovate-
oblong, uppermost leaflets 2 in. long 1 in, wide, lowest pair 1-125 in.
long °75 in. wide, apex equally acute, base slightly obliquely rounded,
glabrous or puberulous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 8-10 pairs,
oblique straight rather pronounced beneath, petiolules ‘1 in. long,
puberulous as is the rachis whichis deeply grooved above and fur-
nished with a long conical gland between each of the two lowest
pairs of leaflets; stipules linear °75 in. long, caducous. Flowers
usually in subsessile pairs in axils of the leaves the upper crowded,
their common peduncle even in fruit not exceeding ‘15 in., usually
shorter, the pedicels even in fruit not exceeding °35 in. Calyx 5-partite
to base, segments green ovate-acute glabrous spreading, ‘2 in. long.
Petals 5 subequal, spreading, pale-yellow, *3 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, oblong-
obtuse, the standard retuse. Stamens 7 (the 3 upper replaced hy stami-
nodes) subequal, anthers brown. Pod 6-8 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, nearly
tetragonous, obliquely septate, the valves pubernlous membranous not
reticulated, sutures broad. Seeds 25-30, rhombohedral, long axis in
direction of pod, ‘15 in. long, ‘1 in. thick, brown, shining. Linn. Sp.
. Pl. ed. IT. 538 (excl. syn. Roy. Lugd. and excl. var. B.); DC. Prodr.
If, 493; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Collad. Hist. Cass. 96; Wall. Cat.
5316; W. & A. Prodr. 290 excl. var. B.; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 90,
excl. var. B.; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I], 263 in part only. ©. Tagera
Lamk. Encyc. Meth. I, 643 not of Linn. C. fetida Salish. Prodr. 326.
O. gallinaria Collad. Hist. 96. C. obtusifolia Linn. Sp. PI. ed. TI,
539 as to all the citations except Sloane, Hist. Jamaica, but not as to the
plant; Lour. Flor. Coch. Chin. 323; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 95 exel.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 159
var. B. Senna Tora Roxb. Flor. Ind. I], 340. Rumph. Herb. Amboin.
VY, t. 97, f.3; Rheede, Hort. Malab. IT, t. 53.
ANDAMANS; very common throughout the Settlement. Purrax;
Kwala Dipong, Scortechini 1750! Disrris. A wide-spread weed in
S.-H. Asia.
This is sometimes spoken of as cosmopolitan in the tropics and possibly it has
now become introduced in the New World. But if so, it is not common there and
the writer has never seen an American specimen,
o
6. Cassia optusiFoLtIA Linn. Sp. Pl. 377. An annual bland herb
or undershrub 2-7 feet high. Leaves equally pinnate, distinctly petioled
3-4 in. long; leaflets 3 pairs opposite, membranous, green, obovate-
oblong, uppermost leaflets 2 in. long, 1 in. wide, lowest pair 1-1'25 in.
long, ‘75 in. wide, apex broadly equally deltoid, base slightly obliquely
rounded, glabrous or puberulous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 8-10
pairs, oblique straight faint on both surfaces, petiolules under °1 in. pub-
erulous as is the rachis which is deeply grooved above and is furnished
with a long conical gland between the lowest pair of leaflets; stipules
linear ‘75 in. long, caducous. Flowers usually in subsessile pairs in axils
of the leaves the upper crowded, their common peduncle even in fruit not
exceeding ‘15 in. usually shorter, the pedicels even in flower 1-1:25 in.
long. Calyx 5-partite to the base, segments green ovate-acute glabrous,
spreading, ‘25 in. long. Petals 5 subequal, spreading, bright-yellow, °5
in. long, ‘35 in. wide, oblong-obtuse, the standard truncate. Stamens 7
(the 3 upper replaced by staminodes) subequal, anthers brown. Pod
8-10 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, sub-terete, obliquely septate, the valves
glabrous, membranous, distinctly transversely reticulated, sutures broad.
Seeds 30-385, rhombohedral, ‘2 in. long, ‘15 in. thick, brown shining.
Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. IT, 539 as to the plant but excl. the ref. to Dillenius
and to Rumphius ; DC. Prodr. II, 493; Collad. Hist. Cass. 95. C. toroides
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. ©. humilis Collad. Hist. Cass. 96. CO. Tora var.
B. Linn. Sp. Pl. 376. OC. Tora var. B. W. & A. Prodr. 291 excl. refer-
ences to Rheede and to Lamarck ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1,95. C. Tora Bak.
in Flor. Ind. Bat. II, 263 in part, not of Linn. C. obtwsifolia var, 8. Miq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 96, not var, a. Senna toroides Roxb. FI. Ind. II, 340.
Sincaport; common, Hullett 102! Kunstler 124! Dristrrip. Native
in Tropical America; now introduced and, here and there, fairly com-
mon in South-Hastern Asia,
Dr. Roxburgh was at some pains to point out how different this species is from
C. Tora. The confusion of indentification originated with Linnzeus himself and hag
been perpetuated owing to the fondness that many authors have for books and names
as compared with plants and facts.
7. Cassta uirsuta Linn. Sp. Pl. 378. <A diffuse tomentose under-
160 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
shrub 2-5 feet high usually of annual duration. Leaves equally pinnate
4-§ in, long; leaflets 3-6 (rarely 2) pairs, opposite, membranous, green,
footid, ovate-acuminate with cnneate base, rather densely pilose on both
surfaces, 1:°5-3°5 in. long, 1-15 in. wide, lateral nerves about 6 pairs
straight ascending, petiolnles very short pilose as is the leaf-rachis which
has a single large gland 2 in. above its base; stipules subulate mem-
branous ‘35 in. long. Flowers usually in subsessile pairs in axils of
leaves, the upper crowded, their common peduncle even in fruit not
exceeding ‘15. in., pedicels in fruit ‘5 in. long, erect, rigid, pilose. Calyx
5-partite to base, segments pale, ovate-subacute, pilose externally, *25 in,
long. Petals 5, subequal, spreading, bright-yellow, ‘45 in. long, °25 in.
wide ovate-oblong obtuse. Stamens 7 (the 3 upper replaced by stami-
nodes) the 3 lower longer and with larger anthers than the two lateral
pairs; anthers brown. Pod slightly falcate, 6-8 in. long, *25 in. wide,
subterete, faintly transversely septate, the valves densely villous, papery,
very faintly reticulated and faintly depressed between the seeds, sutures
broad. Seeds 90-120, ovate, small, dull-brown, ‘15 in. long, *1 in. wide,
‘07 in, thick. DC. Prodr. II, 497; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 263. (C.
tomentosa Wall. Cat. 53804 not of Linn. }
SinGAPORE; very common, Anderson 44! Hullett 75! Kunstler 317 !
Distris. An American weed now naturalised in many parts of S.-H.
Asia.
8. Cassta ocotpenTaLis Linn. Sp. Pl. 377. A diffuse subglabrous
undershrub 2-5 feet high usually of annual duration. Leaves equally
pinnate 6-8 in. long; leaflets 8-5 pairs opposite, membranous, glaucous,
foetid, ovate-oblong with rounded base, tapering to an acuminate tip,
glabrous above, glabrous or finely pubescent beneath, 1-3 in, long, *5-1:25
in. wide; lateral nerves 6-10 pairs spreading, petiolules very short
glabrous as is the leaf-rachis which has a single large globose gland at
its base. Flowers in axillary short-peduncled few-fld. corymbs arranged
in a terminal panicle, bracts white with pink tinge, thin, ovate-acuminate,
caducous, *5 in. long; pedicels *"15-"2 in. long, sparsely puberulous, spread-
ing, in fruit reaching ‘5 in. long, ascending, rigid. Calya 5-partite to
base, segments white faintly tinged with pink, glabrous, membranous,
obtuse, *3 in. long. Petals 5 subequal, yellow very faintly veined with
orange, ‘5 in. long, *3 in. wide, ovate-obtuse. Stamens 7, (the 3 upper
replaced by staminodes) the 3 lower longer and with larger anthers than
the two lateral pairs; anthers brown. Pod slightly falcate, compressed,
transversely septate, sutures rigid, valves depressed between the 20-30
seeds, 4-5 in. long, ‘35 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick. Seeds broadly ovate, small,
pale-brown, ‘2 in. long, ‘15 in. across, ‘1 in. thick. DC. Prodr. II, 497 ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Bot. Reg. t. 83; W. & A. Prodr. 290; Miq.
4
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 161
Fior. Ind. Bat. I, 94; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 262. (©. fatida Pers.
Synops. I, 457. O. Sophera Wail. Cat. 5317 L, not of Linn. Senna
occidentalis Roxb, Flor. Ind. II, 343.
In allthe Provinces, a very common weed of waste places. DISTRIB.
Cosmopolitan in the tropics but in all probability derived originally
from America and only introduced in tle Old World.
| Mr. Baker describes the flowers as pale lilac; this they appear never to be in
South-Eastern Asia.
9. Cassta Sopnera Linn. Sp. Pl. 379. A diffuse sub-glabrous
shrub 8-10 feet high, annual or subperennial. Leaves equally pinnate
8-10 in. long; leaflets 8-12 pairs opposite, membranous, glaucous, lanceo-
late with cuneate base, apex acuminate, glabrous, 2-3 in. long *5-'75 in.
wide; lateral veins 10-12 pairs spreading; petiolules very short
glabrous as is the leaf-rachis which has a single large conical gland
‘2-25 in. above its base. Flowers in axillary distinctly peduncled few-
fid. corymbs, bracts green ovate-acute minute caducous, ‘15 in. long,
pedicels ‘25 in. long sparsely puberulous spreading; in fruit reaching
‘5 in. long ascending rigid. Calyx 5-partite to base, segments green
glabrous firmly membranous obtuse ‘25 in long. Petals 5 subequal,
- vellow, hardly at all veined, ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in, wide, ovate-obtuse.
Stamens 7 (the 3 upper replaced by staminodes) the 3 lower longer
and with larger anthers than the two lateral pairs, (sometimes one of
these also reduced to a staminode). Pod slightly falcate, turgid,
transversely septate, sutures slender, valves not depressed between the
30-40 small seeds, 3-4 in. long, *35 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick, Seeds broadly
ovate rather dark-brown, ‘24 in. long, ‘15 in. across, *1 in. thick. DC.
Prodr, IT, 492; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Wall. Cat. 5317 partly; W. & A.
Prodr. 287; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 92; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 262.
C. esculenta Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. OC. chinensis Jacq. Ic. t. 73. C.
frutescens Mill. Dict. n, 2. CO. coromandeliana Jacq. Fragm. 67, t. 100.
Senna Sophera Roxb. Fl. Ind, IT, 347. §. esculenta Roxb. FI, Ind. I,
346. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V, 283, t, 97, f. 1.
ANDAMANS; much less common than (. occidentalis. Pananc ; fide
Baker. Disrris. Originally American, now cosmopolitan in the tropics.
This species has not been sent by any Malayan botanist to the Calcutta
Herbarium. Its presence in Penang is however mentioned by Mr. Baker; the
collector’s name is not given. It was not Dr. Wallich; Wallich’s Malayan “C,
Sophera”’ (Cat. 5317 L.) is all C. oceidentalis, It is strange that though this species
appears to have been earlier of introduction to—at all events to have been longer
known—in §.-E. Asia, itis now, though almost equally wide-spread, much less
“common” than the more recently introduced C. occidentalis.
10. Cassta anata Linn. Sp. Pl. 378. A shrub 5-8 feet high with
very thick finely downy branches; stem often 4-6 in. thick, scarred
J. 1%, 2
162 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
with cicatrices of fallen leaves and marked by the persistent rather
rigid stipules. Leaves equally pinnate 1-2 feet long; leaflets 8-14
pairs opposite, rigidly chartaceous, green, linear-oblong to oblong,
obtuse or emarginate, apiculate, base obliquely rounded or truncate,
glabrous on both surfaces or sometimes obscurely downy beneath,
gradually increasing in size from base upwards, 2-6 in. long, 1-2°5 in.
wide, lateral nerves 10-15 pairs ascending curved towards extremities,
distinct above and very prominent beneath, secondary venation beneath
distinct ; petiolules very short glabrous as is the leaf-rachis, which is
deeply channelled above with firm yellow borders and with transverse
ridges occasionally slightly apiculate in the middle between each pair
of leaflets, but with no true gland; stipules ‘25 in. long, auriculate,
rigid, pointed, persistent. lowers in peduncled subspicate racemes,
6-18 in, long, at first enveloped in large membranous strobilate yellow
caducous bracts ‘75 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, ovate, subacate or obtuse ;
pedicels ‘15 in. (in fruit *25 in.} long, very finely puberulous as is the
thick rachis. Calyx 5-partite to base, segments spathulate obtuse, 1 in.
Jong, ‘6 in. wide, yellow, membranous, glabrous. Petals 5 subequal, bright
yellow veined with orange, ovate-orbicular shortly clawed, 1:25 in. long,
‘75 in. wide. Stamens 7 (the 3 upper reduced to staminodes). the 3
lowest with long filaments and two of these with very large anthers ;
the two lateral pairs with short filaments and small anthers. Pod
straight rigid divaricately spreading glabrous dehiscent, 6 in. long -8 —
in. wide, sutures narrow, valves with a crenulated chartaceous wing
‘35 in. wide running from end toend. Seeds 50-60 flattened, triangu-
lar, the sides straight with acute pointat hilum, the base somewhat
rounded, ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, ‘1 in. thick, testa smooth shining
brown. DC. Prodr, 1], 492; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Wall. Cat. 5301;
W. & A. Prodr. 287; Wight, Ic. t. 253; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat.-I, 93,
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 264, C. bracteata Linn. f. Suppl. 232; DC.
Prodr. 11, 492. C. herpetica Jacq. Obs. II, 24, t. 45, f.2. Senna alata
Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 349.
ANDAMANS ; common, King! Prain! PERAK; Scortechini ! Matacca ;
Grifith! Disrrre. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Jl. Cassia tTImMortensis DC. Prodr. II, 499. A shrub or gmall
tree 6-30 feet high, with virgate pubescent branches, Leaves equally
pinnate, 1-1°5 feet long ; leaflets 16-24 pairs, opposite, membranous, pale-
green, glabrescent to densely pubescent above, sparsely pubescent to
softly densely tomentose beneath, lanceolate-oblong with a fine point at
the rounded apex and with obliquely rounded base, 1-1°75 in. long,
"35-65 in. wide, lateral nerves 8-10 pairs inconspicuous, petiolules +07
in, long, pubescent as is the rachis which is channelled above and trans-
.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 163
versely barred between the leaflets; stipules lanceolate to auriculate
foliaceous persistent, usually larger in the region of the inflorescence,
‘25 in. long. Flowers in a large erect terminal panicle extending into
the axils of the upper leaves, 1—-1:25 feet long, 6 in. across, composed of
alternate corymbs 2-3 in. long, 1'5 in. across; lower pedicels-1 in. long,
solitary in axils of small deciduous bracts, rusty- or yellow-pubescent as
are the branches and main-rachis. Calyx 5-partite to base, segments
distinctly unequal, oblong-obtuse, densely pubescent outside, the larger
*3 in, the smaller ‘2 in. long. Petals 5 oblong, *6 in. long, °3 in. wide,
bright-yellow faintly veined with orange. Stamens 7 (the 3 upper
reduced to staminodes) the 3 lower with longer filaments but not much
larger anthers than the two lateral pairs. Pod straight, flat, very thin,
dehiscent, linear, slightly tapering to both ends, glossy and flexible,
valves thinly coriaceous, 5-6 in. long, *5 in. wide, with a stalk °3 in, long.
Seeds biseriate, 16-20, oval-obtuse °25 in. long, *2 in. across, very thin,
testa dark brown, shining, with a dull paler vertical central patch.
Var. typica; leaflets glabrescent above, sparsely pubescent beneath,
stipules of the upper leaves narrower. OC. tvmortensis Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
I, 99; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 265; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. II, 13.
Kenan; Coah Langkawi, Curtis 2094! Drsrris. India; Indo-
China; Malay Archipelago.
Var. xanthocoma Miq.; leaflets pubescent above, densely golden-
tomentose beneath, stipules of the upper leaves very broad. O. palmata
Wall. Cat. 5306 A. OC. wanthocoma Miq. Analect. Ind. I, 10. C. timo-
riensis VAR, xanthocoma Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 99. C. timoriensis var.
chrysocoma Koord. & Val. Bijdr. II, 14.
Perak; Kwala Dipong, growing near limestone, Kunstler 8255!
Scortechint 1751! Goping, Kunstler 689! Ulu Bubong, Kunstler 10087!
Distris. ‘Tenasserim, Malay Archipelago.
The two varieties are very easily distinguished but they do not differ at all in
essentials. The Bornean specimens of C. xanthocoma first received by Miquel were
without fruit; on seeing pods that author himself very justly reduced his species, as
a variety, to C. timoriensis.
12. Cassra stamea Lamk Encyc. Meth. I, 648. A tree 30-50 feet
high with smooth bark and spreading branches; stem 12-18 in. in diam.
Leaves equally pinnate, 6-12 in. long; leaflets 4-16 pairs, opposite,
subcoriaceous, rather dark-green shining above, dull and paler
beneath, oblong-obtuse or retuse minutely mucronate, base rounded,
1°25-2°5 in. long, ‘5-9 in. wide, lateral nerves 10-12 pairs obscure above
fine but distinct beneath, petiolules distinct ‘1 in, long, glabrous as is
the rachis which is channelled and is transversely barred between the
leaflets above but is without glands; stipules minute subulate caducous.
164 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Maluyan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Flowers in large erect terminal panicles extending into the axils of the
upper leaves, 8-16 in. long, 6-8 in. across, composed of alternate crowded
corymbs 3-4 in, long, 2 in. across ; lower pedicels | in. long solitary in
axils of small lanceolate bracts ‘2 in. long, grey-pubescent as are the
branches and main rachis. Calyx 5-partite to base, segments distinctly
unequal, ovyate-obtuse, greenish-yellow, downy externally, the larger ‘35
in. the smaller ‘2 m. long. Petals 5 suborbicular, °75 in. long, ‘6 in.
wide, except the upper obcordate ‘6 m. long, ‘5 m, wide, all rather
pale uniform-yellow. Stamens 7 (the 3 upper reduced to staminodes) —
the 3 lower with much larger anthers and longer filaments than the
2 lateral pairs. Pod nearly straight, flat, thin, slightly swollen opposite
the seeds, sutures faintly thickened, valves thickly coriaceous, sparsely
puberulous, 6-9 in. long, ‘Oo in. wide, with a distinct stalk ‘5 in. long,
Seeds biseriate 20-30, oval, ‘*3 in. long, ‘25 in. across, very thin, testa
dark-brown, shining. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 264, © florida Vahl.
Symb. HI, 57; DC. Prodr. H, 499; W. & A. Prodr. 288; Bedd. FI.
Syly. t. 179; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 98. ©. sumatrana Roxb. Hort.
Beng, 31; DC. Prodr. HU, 906; Wall. Cat. 53805. Senna sumatruna
Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 347.
Purak; near Ulu Selangor, Kunstler 8668! Blanja, Wray 147!
Matacca; Brisu, Holmberg 869! Pauanc; Pulo Rumpit, Ridley 2648 t
Distris. India, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago.
Mr. Wray gives the local name of this in Perak as Pako Newnong and notes that
the wood is strong and tough. Mr. Holmberg gives the name in Malacca as Judi.
§ 4. Cuamacrista DC. Sepals narrow ; stamens 5 or 10 all perfect
equal, or with the uppermost one smaller than the others and sometimes
replaced by a staminode. Pod dehiscent small strap-shaped, flat, the
seeds compressed parallel with the more or less oblique valves. .
13. Cassia Mimosorpes Linn. Sp. Pl. 379. A low diffuse peren-
nial, suberect or spreading, simple or much branched, glabrous or pubes-
eent, sometimes suffrutescent 2-3 feet high; stem terete. Leaves 3-4
in. long, equally pinnate ; leaflets: 40-60 pairs, linear with a distinct
oblique mucro, ‘1-15 in, long, glabrous on both surfaces, rachis
puberulous with a small sessile gland on the petiole below the lowest
pair of leaflets, stipules finely subulate, straight, ‘2 in. long. Flowers
axillary, solitary or 2-3 together, pedicels unequal, ultimately 1 in.
long, bracteolate above the middle; buds poimted narrow. Calyx 5-
partite to base, segments unequal linear-lanceolate to oblong-acute,
25-3 in. long. Petals 5 subequal, elh ptic or orbicular, shortly clawed,
obtuse, °35 in. long. Stamens 10 perfect, alternately longer and shorter.
Pod 2 in. long, ‘2 in. across, linear, flattish. Seeds 20-25, obliquely
rhomboid, compressed, testa dark-brown, shining. DC, Prodr. II, 503}
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 165
Miq. Flor. Ind, Bat, 1, 101; Bak. in Flor, Brit. Ind, IT, 266. O. augustis-
stma Lamk. Eucye. Meth. I, 650; DC. Prodr. II, 505; W. & A. Prodr,
292. @. sensitiva Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. @. tenella Roxb, Hort. Beng,
31. Senna sensitiva Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 353. 8. tenella Roxb. Flor.
Ind, II, 254.
Prov. Weriiestny; Tasek Selangor, Ridley 6995! Puanana;
Government Hill, Curtis 2507! Disrrrs. Throughout South-Hastern
Asia. |
14. Cassta Lescuenauttiana DC. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Gen. If, 2,
132, <A suberect perennial, rather softly pubescent, 2-5 feet high, stems
terete. Leaves equally pinnate 1-2 in. long, leaflets 16-24 pairs,
narrowly oblong with a distinct oblique mucro and 4-6 strong very
oblique secondary nerves, glabrous or puberulous, *4—6 in. long, ‘1-15
in, across; rachis pubescent, with a large sessile gland on the petiole
below the lowest pair of leaflets, stipules lanceolate straight ‘35 in. long.
Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3 together, pedicels unequal, ultimately
*25—35 in. long, bracteolate not far above the base, buds pointed. Calya
5-partite to base, segments unequal linear-lanceolate to oblong-acute, °35
in. long. Petals 5 subequal, elliptic or orbicular, shortly clawed, obtuse,
"4—6 in. long. Stamens 10 or 9 or 7 (all perfect or with the uppermost,
or the three uppermost, reduced to staminodes), the 2-3 lowest often
rather larger than the lateral ones. Pod 1-1'5 in long, ‘2 in. across,
linear, flattish. Seeds 8-16, obliquely rliomboid, compressed, testa brown
shining. DC. Prodr, IJ, 504. (0. Wallichitana DC. Prodr. II, 505; W.
& A. Prodr. 292. C. mimosoides var. Wallichiana Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 266.
PrnanG; Government Hill, Cur'ts 829! Sincaporr; Hullett 663!
Disrris. India; Himalayas; Indo-China.
This is reduced to C. mimosoides by Mr. Baker butit seems better in the meantime
- to keep the two plants apart. They are certainly, as Mr. Baker indicates, very
closely related, but they do not much resemble each other and are not easily con-
founded.
45, Koompassta Maingay.
_ Very tall erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate with alternate leaflets.
Flowers copious small, obscure, in ample terminal panicles; bracts small
deciduous. Calyx-tube very short conical, or none; sepals 5, lanceolate,
subequal, very slightly imbricated. Petals 5 subequal, their margins not
meeting. Stamens 5, filaments short or very short, anthers equal basi-
fixed, dehiscing by two apical pores. Ovary sessile, subglobose or
slightly elongated, l-ovuled; style short acute, stigma small, terminal.
Pod oblong, compressed, winged throughout its circumference, narrowed
and somewhat twisted at the base, indehiscent. Seed solitary situated
166 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
near the middle of the pod; compressed, exalbuminous; cotyledons
leafy, radicle short straight. Species 4, Malayan.
Leaflets green beneath; panicles rusty-pubescent ; petals
exceeding sepals and stamens ; anthers short broad; ovary
subglobose, rusty-pubescent ie . Ll. KE. malaccensis.
Leaflets glaucescent beneath, much smaller ; patil grey,
puberulous ; petals much shorter than sepals and stamens ;
anthers long narrow; ovary compressed, very nearly
glabrous... ick a Be .. 2. K. parvifolia.
1. Koompassia MALACCENSIS Maingay ex Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl.
XII, 58. t. 1164. <A tree 80-100 feet high, with stem 3-4 feet in
diameter; branches closely rusty-pubescent at length glabrescent,
Leaves alternate odd-pinnate, 65-8 in. long, rachis rusty-pubescent ;
leaflets 7-9 alternate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, apex obtuse
slightly emarginate, base rounded, 2-3 in. long, -8-1°25 in. wide, coria-
ceous, dark-green glabrous and shining above, rather paler, dull and
sparsely adpressed rusty-puberulous beneath ; lateral nerves 10-12 pairs,
faintly visible above, distinct beneath and connected by a fine reticulate
secondary venation ; petiolules rusty-pubescent 25 in. long. Panicles
terminal and extending into the axils of the uppermost leaves 6 in.
long, 3-4 in. across; branches 2 in long, pedicels "2 in. long; all parts
densely rusty-pubescent. _ Calyx-tube obsolete; sepals 5 slightly
imbricate ovate-acate, ‘12 in. long, densely rusty externally. Petals 5,
oblong, obtuse, white, °15 in. long, slightly exceeding the sepals, two and
a half times as long as stamens. Stamens 5, filaments very short
glabrous; anthers slightly imcurved twice as long as broad, widely
triangular. Ovary subglobose, densely rusty-pubescent, l-ovuled; style
short. Pod oblong, compressed, 4-5 in. long, 1°25-1°5 in. wide, reticu-
lately wide-veined opposite the goltary seed. Seed 1‘5 in. long, °65 in.
wide, cotyledons foliaceous; cordately 5-nerved at base, nerves conspi-
cuous. Taubert in Engl. Natiirlich. Pflanzenfam. III, 3. 156.
Perak; Larut, Kunstler 7692! Thaipeng, Wray 2388! near Blangie,
Scortechini 1712! Matacca; Merliman, Selandar, Sungei Udang, ete. ;
Maingay 557 (fide Bentham) ; 604! Derry 51! Holmberg &80! Good-
enough 1416! Sinaarore; Selitan, etc.; Ridley 4567! 6403! Candley
(fide Taubert). Penance; T. Bahang, Curtis 432! Dinpines ; Lumot,
Curtis! Distrre, Sumatra (River Rawas, Forbes /).
This is the fine tree which the Malays know as Kumpass. Another species
from Borneo (K. Beccariana Taubert,—founded on Beccari n. 2690) is evidently
closely related ; there are no specimens of the species at Calcutta. The description
and drawing of the anthers in the original account of the genus are somewhat
inaccurate.
2. KooMPASsIA PARVIFOLIA Prain. <A tree £0-100 feet high, branch-
lets glabrous or only puberulous at the tips. Leaves alternate odd-
1897.| G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 167
pinnate, 3-4 in. long, rachis grey-silky ; leaflets 9-11 alternate, elliptic-
lanceolate, apex obtuse slightly emarginate, base widely cuneate, 1-1:25
in. long, ‘25-35 in. wide, chartaceous, medium-green, glabrous and
shining above, glaucescent and sparsely silky-pubescent beneath ; lateral
nerves 4-5 pairs, quite invisible above and very faint beneath ; petio-
lules grey-silky, ‘2in. long. Panicles terminal, 5 in. long, 2°5-3 in. across,
branches 1°5 in. long, pedicels °15 in. long slightly thickened under the
calyx; all parts closely grey-silky. Calyx-tube short conical ; sepals 5
slightly imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, margins of the inner slightly
narrower, recurved, all ‘15 in. long and silky-puberulous externally.
Petals 5, elliptic, white, one-third as long as sepals, half as long as
stamens. Stameus 5, filaments very short glabrous; anthers distinctly
incurved, four to five times as long as broad, narrow-lanceolate. Ovary
compressed glabrous except for a few hairs at the base, l-ovuled ; style
short. Pod not seen.
Perak; Goping, Scortechini 1996 !
This fine tree is known to the Malays as Tualang; its timber is largely used for
building purposes. In this respect it resembles the preceding species as well ag
another famous timber-tree from Borneo the Tupan (Koompassia excelsa Taub.
= Abauria excelsa Beccari).
From Signor Beccari’s description of Tapan it is evidently a tree of much more
gigantic proportions than the Tualang. Its foliage is probably similar for its
leaflets are described as being of about the same size; the number of leaflets to
a leaf Beccari does not state. But the flowers are very different for in Tapan the
petals are hardly shorter than the sepals and are about the same length as the
stamens, while the anthers are shorter than the filaments; in Tualang the petals are
very small and the anthers are exceedingly long as compared with the filaments,
46. Drauium Linn.
Erect unarmed trees. Leaves odd-pinnate with more or less dis-
_tinctly alternate leaflets. Flowers copious small obscure in ample ter-
minal pauicles. Calyx-tube very short; free segments lanceolate or
ovate lanceolate, subequal, much imbricated, deciduous. Petals 0 (in all
Malayan species). Stamens 2, erect, included; anthers attached near
the base, dehiscence longitudinal. Ovary sessile, 2-ovuled; style
filiform stigma terminal. Pod firm, dry, indehiscent, oblong, 1-seeded ;
endocarp pulpy. Seed albuminous, embryo foliaceous, radicle straight.
Species about 15, cosmopolitan in the tropics, chiefly however in S.-H,
Asia.
Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces :—
Pods Jarge, (firm), 1°5 in. long, strongly umbonate at
apex vee see ee ve ve 1. D. Kunstleri.
168 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Pods smaller, not exceeding 1 in. in Jength, obtuse or
only faintly apiculate :—
Pods fragile not velvety; leaflets thinly coriaceous :—
Pedicels as long as calyx, panicles laxly spreading 2. D. patens.
Pedicels shorter than calyx, panicles erect :—
Leaflets lanceolate alternate; seeds subquadrate
longitudinally striate... 3. D. indum.
Leaflets elliptic opposite ; seeds orbiowlar rétion-
late eee eo. 4 D, lawrinwm.
Pods firm, velvety ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous .. 5 D. Maingayi.
Leaves more or less pubescent beneath :—
Leaflets large, 5~7 :—
Leaflets opposite or nearly so, very faintly puberulous
beneath ; sepais pubescent within ap 6. D. ambiguum.
Leaflets conspicuously alternate, thickly pats 288
beneath with golden-brown pubescence; sepals pubes-
cent within sis as oF . 7% D. platysepalwm.
Leaflets small, 9-15 :—
Leaflets 9-11, conspicuously alternate, thickly cover-
ed beneath with golden-brown pubescence; sepals
glabrous within ... eas 8. D. Wallichii,
Leaflets 13-15, opposite, ate tomentose eae.
sepals puberulous within ves vee -. 9. D. Kingit.
1. Dxattum KownstLert Prain. A tree 100-130 feet high with
spreading branches, stem 2-3 feet thick; branchlets slender, pale,
rugose glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 5-6 in. long; leaflets 5,
rarely 3, alternate or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate,
apex entire, base cuneate, 4—5 in. long, 1:25-1:5 in. wide, coriaceous,
rather dark-green shining above, dull and pale green beneath, glabrous
on both surfaces; lateral nerves ascending 5-6 pairs hardly visible
above, faint beneath and with there a very faint reticulate intermediate
secondary venation; petiolules stout, very short, -1 in. long, glabrous,
Panicles terminal and axillary 4 in. long, 3 in, wide; branches 2 in,
long, glabrous, pedicels (in fruit) ‘2in. long, Calyx and stamens not
seen. Pod subspherical, hardly compressed, obliquely prominently
umbonate at the tip, firm, 1°6 in. long, 1°35 in. across; glabrous, very
faintly verrucose, black. Seed solitary subrotund, smooth, dark-brown,
dull, “6 in. long, *5 in. wide, °2 in. thick.
Perak; Goping, 500-800 feet, Kunstler 4415!
This very fine species, easily distinguished from all the others by its much
larger pods with very pronounced umbonate apex, has been but once reported and
then, unfortunately, without flowers. It is perhaps most nearly related to D. indum
from which, however, besides differing as to fruits it is also distinguished by its
thicker and fewer leaflets. No native name has been given for the species.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 169
2. Drarium patens Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 270. A tree 60-80
feet high with a rather slender stem 10-20 in. thick; branchlets slender
smooth pale-brown glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 5-6 in.
long; leaflets 3-5, opposite or subopposite, oblong to elliptic, rather
abruptly cuspidately narrowed to an obtuse entire apex, base rounded,
3-5 in. long, 1°5—2°25 in. wide, subcoriaceous, bright-green and shin-
ing above, paler and dull beneath, glabrous on both surfaces; lateral
nerves 8-10 pairs spreading, fine but distinct on both surfaces as is the
reticulate intermediate secondary venation ; petiolules stout, glabrous,
°25 in. long. Panicles terminal and axillary, 6-8 .in. long, 4-5 in. wide,
rachis and branches slender’ and flexuous, glabrous ; pedicels glabrous
spreading or cernuous, ‘2-25 in. long. Calyw ‘15 in. long, ovoid-oblong
in bud, tube obsolete, segments 5, white and almost petaloid, subequal,
much imbricated, ovate-oblong obtuse, finely grey-pubescent on both
surfaces, the two upper segments sometimes faintly connate. Petals
0. Stamens 2, filaments short slender, connective puberulous, anthers
oblong basifixed. Ovary silky, narypwly-ovate, sessile, taperiug upwards
to the slender incurved style ; ovul@s 2. Pod ovoid, slightly compressed,
apex not apiculate, fragile, black, thinly grey-pubescent, °5 in. long”
‘35 in. across, ‘3 in. thick. Seed solitary, nearly regularly oblong in
shape with rounded angles, ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. across, ‘15 in. thick, dark-
maroon in colour, only slightly shining, neither striate nor reticulate.
Perak; Larut, at low elevations, Kunstler 5551! 5577! Mauacca ;
Griffith 1846 (K. D.) ! Maingay 537! Distris. Borneo.
“ Maingay 537” forms, with “ Griffith 1846,” the basis of this species. The
description here given of pod and seed is drawn up’entirely from an example of
“ Maingay 537.’ The discrepancy between the description in the F, B. J. and the
actual fruit of the species the writer is unable to explain.
3. Diatium inpum Linn. Mantiss. 24. A tree 60-70 feet high
with spreading branches ; branchlets slender, rugose, grey-puberulous.
Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 6-8 in. long; leaflets 5-9, alternate or
subopposite ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate apex
entire, base cuneate, 3-4 in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide, chartaceous, dark-
green slightly glossy above, dull and rather paler beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces ; lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, faint above more pronounced
beneath and with there a distinct reticulate intermediate secondary
venation ; petiolules glabrous ‘2 in. long. Panicles terminal and axillary,
4 in. long, 3 in. wide; branches from ‘25-2 in. long, faintly silky-
puberulous as are the pedicels ‘1 in. long, usually in clusters of 3, with
caducous basal bracts. Calyx ‘15 in. long, obtuse-oblong in bud, tube
obsolete, segments 5 subequal much imbricate ovate-oblong obtuse, grey-
puberulous on both surfaces. Petals 0. Stamens 2, opposite the two
J. i, 22
170 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
upper calyx segments, filaments very short slender, anthers large
oblong, basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary silky, ovate, sessile,
tapering upwards somewhat abruptly into a slender incurved style;
ovules 2. Pod suborbicular, ‘9 in. wide, slightly compressed, shortly
apiculate, fragile, finely puberulous with minute silky hairs but not
velvety. Seed solitary, obovate-quadrate, brown, finely longitudinally
striate, shining, ‘5 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, 15 in. thick. Linn. Mantiss.
511; Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 136, t. 30; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 79; Koord..
& Val. Bijdr. IIT, 20. D. gavanicum Burm. FI. Ind. 12. Carandje
Bontius, Hist, Ind. Or. 93; Rumph. Herb. Amboin, II, 93, footnote.
Tamarindus monococcus minor, etc. Plunk. Mantiss. 177; Amalth. 198,
t. 144, f. 4.
Panane; Pijaie, Pahang river, Ridley 2607! Penana; Ayer Etam,
Curtis!
This is the Kranji of the Malays in Java according to Bontius, Rumphins,
Miquel and Koorders. Mr. Ridley’s specimens have no native name and as there
is no indication that they are from a planted tree it may be reasonably supposed
that the species is indigenous in Pahang. The specimens sent by Mr. Curtis are
noted as being from “ Ayer EKtam in Miller’s compound;” this remark, taken in
conjunction with the fact that two native names “ Kranji borong or Kranji padie”
are given as alternatives, seems to point to the species being an introduced one in
Penang. The name Kranji borong is sometimes applied in Malacca to the quite dis-
similar species D. platysepalum.
The fruits are eaten for the sake of the pulp that forms the endocarp of the
pod. Inthe Indian Forester for October 1896, it is stated that Kranji is one of the
valuable timbers of the Straits Settlements. The scientific name cited in the
notice is D. indicum; there is no species of that name. Perhaps the present species
is intended; there is however nothing to show whether the tree referred to be this
or some of the other species of Dialiwm.
4, Drautum Lavrinom Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 269. A large tree
with slender rugose dark-brown rusty-puberulous branchlets. Leaves
alternate, odd-pinnate, 7-8 in. long; leaflets’ 7, rarely 5, subopposite,
elliptic rather suddenly narrowed to a broad subobtuse or emarginate
apex, base broadly rounded, 4-5 in. long, 1°75-2 in. wide, rigidly
coriaceous, dark-green on both surfaces, glossy above, dull beneath,
glabrous on both sides, secondary nerves 8-9 pairs oblique but not
curved, faint above, rather prominent beneath and with there a distinct
reticulate intermediate secondary venation; petiolules stout, glabrous,
‘3-4 in. long. Panicles terminal and axillary, 4 in. long, 3 in. wide,
branches from ‘5 to 2 in. long, rusty-pubescent, pedicels *] in. long,
usually in clusters of 3, silky. Calyx ‘165 in. Jong, ovoid-oblong in bud,
tube subobsolete, segments 5 subequal much imbricate, oblong-lanceolate,
densely grey-velvety on both surfaces. Petals 0. Stamens 2 opposite
the upper calyx-segments, filaments very short, slender; anthers oblong.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 171
Ovary silky, ovate, subsessile, style slender incurved, ovules 2. Pod
almost orbicular, 1 in. across not apiculate, black, thinly coated with
short grey-pubescence, the thin epicarp extremely fragile. Seed solit-
ary, almest exactly orbicular, *5 in. across, ‘2 in. thick, reddish-brown,
shining and smooth with fine rather wide-meshed reticulations on the
surface. Ridley, Trans Linn. Soc. n. s. IIL, 294.
Matacca; Ayer Panas, etc.; Maingay 539 (K.D.)! Goodenough
1321! Srneapore; Krangi, Ridley 6437! Pananca; Pigang, near
Pekan, Ridley.
A very distinct species, easily recognised by its almost orbicular seed. Mr.
Goodenough notes that this is known in Malacca as Krangi papan; he however
quotes the same name as applied to a form of D. platysepalum. There are no
Pahang specimens at Calcutta; the locality is cited from Mr. Ridley’s paper on the
Pahang flora.
5. Diatrum Marinecayi Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 269. <A large
tree with spreading branches; branchlets slender lenticelled dark-
brown, glabrous. Leaves alternate odd-pinnate, 4-5 in. long; leaflets
9, rarely 7, subopposite elliptic-oblong narrowed cuspidately to an
obtuse or subacute entire apex, base rounded, 2-2°5 in. long, ‘75-1 in.
wide, coriaceous, very dark-green shining above, dull and paler green
beneath, glabrous on both surfaces; lateral nerves 4-5 pairs not visible
above, faint and not raised beneath, scarcely more conspicuous than
the very faint intermediate reticulate secondary venation; petiolules
slender ‘2 in. long, glabrous. Panicles terminal, 4-5 in. long, 3 in.
wide, branches 2 in. long, erecto-patent rusty-puberulous ; pedicels ‘15
in. long, 2-3 together, rusty-puberulous. Calyx 25 in. long, ovoid in
bud, tube very short campanulate, segments 5, or occasionally only 4,
much imbricate, broadly ovate-obtuse, shortly brown-velvety silky on
both surfaces. Petals 0. Stamens 2 opposite the two upper calyx-seg-
ments, filaments thick nearly as long as the anther, the connective beset
with short brown hairs. Ovary black-velvety, ovate, shortly stipitate,
style incurved glabrous; ovules 2, Pod widely obovoid, apex not
apiculate, firm, ‘9 in. long, ‘8 in. wide, hardly at all compressed, densely
persistently deep-olive velvety. Seed solitary, obovate-quadrate, finely
longitudinally striate, shining, °45 in. long, °35 in. wide, ‘15 in. thick.
Prrak; Goping, Scortichini 2052! Upper Perak, 1000 feet, Wray
3407! 3767! Psnanc; Tulloh Bahang, Curtis 440! 30381! Manacea;
Selandan, Goodendugh 1533! Singapore; Maingay 538 K. D. (Herb.
Propr. 1398 A.) ! |
The seeds of this species are hardly distinguishable except in colour from
those of D. indum, the fruits and the foliage are however extremely different.
Curtis gives Krangi as the-native name of this species in Penang; in Malacca the
tree is said by Goodenough to bear the alternative names Kranji ambot and Kranji
172 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1,
s’Kellat. The latter epithet is however also applied in Malacca to a form of the
very different species D. platysepalwm. No native name is cited with the Perak
specimens or with the Singapore ones.
6. Dtatium ampicuum Prain. <A tree 40-50 feet high, stem 5-8
in. in diam. ; branchlets very verrucosely lenticelled, glabrous, blackish.
Teuves alternate, odd-pinnate, 8-9 in. long; leaftets 7, opposite or rarely
subopposite, oblong, rather abruptly shortly caudate-acuminate apex
obtuse entire, base rounded, 4-5 in. long 1°5-1:75 in. wide, very rigidly
coriaceous, bright-green, glossy and glabrous above, dull and faintly
puberulous under the lens beneath ; Ieaf-rachis glabrous ; lateral nerves
9-11 pairs, fine, only visible beneath,. forming distinct intra-marginal
loops and with a fine intermediate reticulate secondary venation ;
petiolules glabrous ‘2in. long. Panicles terminal and axillary, deltoid,
slightly spreading, 5-8 in. long, 4-8 iu. wide, branches 2—4 in. long very
sparsely puberulous with grey-silky hairs as is the main rachis; pedicels
usually in clusters of 3,°15 in. long, Calyx ‘15 in. long, ovoid in bud,
tube obsolete, segments 5, subequal, much imbricate, broadly triangular
subacute, reflexed after flower opens; densely brown-velvety on both
surfaces. Petals 0. Stamens 2, opposite the two upper calyx-segments ;
filaments thick and fleshy one-third as long as anther. Ovary light
ereen-silky, ovate, quite sessile, tapering gradually into the glabrous.
style; ovules 2. Pod and seed unknown.
Perak; Goping, 500-800 feet, Kunstler 6142! Manacca; Bukit
Sadanen, Derry 510 (partly; only the specimens termed “ Kranji”’)!
This tree is evidently very closely allied to D. platysepalum and may ultimately
prove to be but a form of that variable species ; if so, however, it is an exceedingly
distinct variety, readily recognised owing to the differences in its ovary, in its
pubescence, and in the arrangement of its leaflets. No native name is given for
the Perak specimens; those from Malacca that appear to belong to the same
species are simply termed Kranji.
7. Dravrom pLatysepaLum Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. II, 270. A
tree 40-50 feet high; branchlets brown, closely-puberulous, sparsely
lenticelled. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, 5-9 iu. long; leaflets 5-7,
usually conspicuously alternate, or rarely subopposite, elliptic or oblong
to ovate-lanceolate, rather abruptly shortly caudate-acuminate apex
obtuse entire, base rounded or cuneate, 3—5 in. long, 1-2 in. wide, very
rigidly coriaceous, dark-green glossy and glabrous above, densely shortly
yellowish-brown silky beneath ; leaf-rachis finely puberulous ; lateral
nerves 9-11 pairs, fine, only visible beneath, forming distinct intra-
marginal loops and with a fime intermediate secoudary reticulate _
venation; petiolules puberulous ‘25 in. long. Panicles terminal and
axillary, deltoid, close or slightly spreading, 5-8 in. long, 4-7 in. wide,
branches 2-3 in, long, erecto-patent, finely brown-silky as is the main-
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 173
rachis ; pedicels usually in clusters of 3, °15 in. long. Calywz ‘2 in. long,
ovoid in bud, tube rather distinct campanulate, segments 5, subequal,
much imbricate, broadly triangular-obtuse, coriaceous, reflexed after
flower opens, densely brown-velvety on both surfaces. Petals 0.
Stamens 2, opvosite the two upper calyx-segments ; filaments thick and
fleshy one-third to one-half as long as anther. Ovary black-velvety,
ovate, shortly stipitate, gradually tapering upwards into the puberulous
incurved style; ovules 2. Pod obovoid or orbicular, apex not apiculate,
firm, spherical or slightly compressed, 1 in. long, *6—'8 in. across, *5—7
in. thick ; persistently brown-velvety. Seed solitary, orbicular, widely
oblong or subrhomboid, pale-brown in fresh, darker in old specimens,
finely longitudinally striate, °45 in. long, ‘35 in. wide, °2 in. thick.
Var. typica; leaves usually ovate-lanceolate, cuneate less often
rounded at the base ; filaments half as long as anthers; pods orbicular
very little compressed. D. platysepalum var. typica Bak. loc. ctt.
Perak; Larut, Wray 4019! Matacca; Griffith 1847! Maingay
536! Sungei Udang, Holmberg 821! Bukit Sadanen, Derry 510 (partly ;
only the specimens termed “ Sepan’’)! Merliman, Derry 89! Ayer
Panas, Goodenough 1693! Jonore ; Machap, Goodenough 2000!
Var. papan; leaves elliptic, rounded rarely cuneate at the base;
filaments only one-third as long as anthers; pods orbicular very dis-
tinctly compressed.
. Matacca; Ayer Panas, Holmberg 814! Derry 1225! Goodenough
1553!
Var. burong; leaves oblong, rounded at base; pods clavately
obovoid.
Matacca; Selandan, Holmberg 855!
The tree here described as var. typica is also the typical variety of D. platy-
sepalum as described by Mr. Baker. For reasons given under that plant, the
present writer has found it necessary to treat Mr. Baker’s vAR. Wallichii as a distinct
species.
No native name is given for the specimens of D. platysepaluwm collected by
Griffith, Maingay, and Wray. Holmberg gives its Malay name as merely ‘ Koran’ ;
Derry for his n. 510 collected in 1890 (which, by the way, is quite different from his
n. 510 collected in 1892) gives the name Sepan. For his n. 89 however Derry gives
the name Arangi s’ Kellat; the same name is used by Goodenough for his n. 1693,
As explained under that species, Goodenough also uses this name, with the name
Krangi ambot as an alternative one, for D. Maingayi; and it is true that though the
flowers of D. Maingayi are quite different from those of D. platysepalum, their
fruits are exceedingly alike and fruiting specimens of the two are only to be easily
distinguished by the absence of pubescence from the leaves of D. Maingayi, the
presence of aclose golden-brown pubescence on the under-surface of those of D.
platysepalum. Goodenough gives no native name for the Johore examples, which
are quite like those from Perak and Malacca.
174 G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Whether the other two “varieties” here described are really separable as such,
or whether, perhaps, they may not even prove to be distinct species, it is not, from
the material at the writer’s disposal, at present possible to decide. But field-
botanists in the Peninsula should be able to settle the point satisfactorily for them-
selves.
VAR. papan, so named because each of the three gatherings has been noted as
bearing the Malay name Kranji papan, differs from the type only in the characters
noted. Its facies, owing to its broadly elliptic leaves and its conspicuously com-
pressed pods, is somewhat distinct, and it is rather noteworthy that all three gather-
ings have received the same native name, a name too that has been applied to no
other form.
VAR. burong, so named because it has been said by Holmberg to be termed
Kranji burong by the Malays, has a still more distinctive facies owing to its pods
being clavate, and because the pubescence on the under sarface of its leaves is of a
darker, somewhat brownish tint. Its leaflets too are in shape exactly like those of
D. ambiguum. Still it does not seem possible to treat it as representing the fruit of
D. ambiguum because in that tree the leaflets are almost exactly opposite and are
very faintly puberulous beneath, in this they are conspicuously alternate and densely
pubescent beneath. Its flowers have not been sent. The name Kranji burong, it
should be noted, is used in Penang as an alternative one with Kranji padie, for D.
indum. ‘
8. Dratiom Watuicntt Prain. A tree, branchlets brown, closely
pubescent, slightly rugose, not lenticelled. Leaves alternate 7-8 in.
long; leaflets Y-ll, very conspicuously alternate, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, apex acute, base cuneate, 2-2'25 in. long, *6-"8 in. wide,
coriaceous, bright-green glabrous above, densely shortly yellowish-
brown-silky beneath ; leaf-rachis softly pubescent; lateral nerves about
15 pairs, only visible beneath and there hardly more distinct than the
faint intermediate secondary venation; petiolules pubescent ‘1 in. long.
Panicles terminal and axillary, 6-8 in. long, 3-4 in. wide, branches 2-3
in. long, ascending, rather flexuous, softly pubescent as is the main
rachis; pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyx ‘2 in. long, ovoid in bud, tube dis-
tinct, segments 5, subequal, much imbricate, broadly triangular-obtuse,
thinly coriaceous, reflexed after flower opens, densely greenish-velvety
outside, inside white, glabrous. Petals 0. Stamens 2, opposite upper
calyx-segments; filaments very thick less than one-fourth the length
of anther, connective uniformly softly pubescent. Ovary brown-silky,
distinctly stipitate, tapering into the slender, incurved, puberulous
style; ovules 2. Pod obovoid 1 in. long, °75 in across, purplish-velvety.
Seed solitary, subquadrate, indented near the micropyle;~'4in. long,
‘3 in. across, 15 in. thick, finely longitudinally striate. D, platysepalum
vak. Wallichii Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 270. Connarucea Wall. Cat.
85354.
Matacca ; Maingay 540! Stnaavore; Wallich 8534! Ridley !
This very distinct species agrees with D. platysepalum, of which Mr. Baker has
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 175
made it a variety, in having the same golden-brown pubescence on the under sur-
face of its leaflets. But the smaller size of these leaflets; the shortness of the
petiolules; the great difference in sepals, glabrous within in D. Wallichii, velvety
within in D. platysepalum ; and the equally marked differences in the fruit and the
seed have led the present writer to treat it as a species apart.
9. Drattum Kinert Prain. <A tree with spreading branches 100-150
feet high, stem 3-4 ft. in diameter; branchlets brown closely pubescent,
slightly rugose, not lenticelled. Leaves alternate 8-9 in. long; leaflets
13-15, opposite except the terminal one, oblong-lanceolate, apex abruptly
cuneate or rounded with an obtuse or retuse tip, base cuneate or round-
ed, 2-2°5 in. long, ‘6-8 in. wide, very rigidly coriaceous, deep-green
glabrous and shining above, rusty-pubescent beneath, leaf-rachis glab-
‘rous; lateral nerves about 10 pairs rather distinct, secondary inter-
mediate venation faint; petiolules glabrous ‘1 in. long. Paznicles
terminal and axillary, deltoid, 6-8 in. long, 8-10 in. across, branches
3—4 in., erecto-patent, densely dark-brown velvety as is the main rachis ;
pedicels usually in clusters of 3, °25 in. long. Oalywx ‘25 in. long, ovoid
in bud, tube obsolete, segments 5, subequal, much imbricate, broadly
ovate-obtuse, reflexed after flower opens; externally densely brown-
velvety, inside waxy-white closely pubescent. Petals 0. Stamens 2
opposite upper calyx-segments, filaments very thick and fleshy, one-
third as long as the bright-yellow anther; connective uniformly softly
pubescent. Ovary densely brown-velvety, sessile, tapering abruptly
into the incurved puberulous style ; ovules 2. Pod irregularly spheri-
ca!, 9 in. long, ‘75 in. across, velvety-black. Seed solitary, subquadrate,
warm-brown, faintly longitudinally striate, -4 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, -2 in.
thick.
Perak; Goping district, in hilly localities from 300-1000 feet,
Kunstler 4627! 8187 !
No Malay name has been sent for this tree which is one of the most distinct and
is perhaps the finest of the Peninsular species of Didlium. Its nearest ally is
evidently D. Wallichii from which however its opposite leaflets, rnsty-pubescent
beneath, and its larger flowers at once distinguished it.
47. Bauvuinta Linn.
Unarmed erect trees, or climbers with circinate tendrils. Leaves
simple usually more or_less deeply cleft from the tip, rarely entire or
fully divided into two leaflets. Flowers usually showy sometimes small,
jn copious simple or panicled often: corymbose racemes. Calyx-tube
with a disc produced to the top, sometimes long and cylindric, some-
times short and turbinate or campanulate, limb entire and spathaceous
or cleft into 2 or 5 teeth, very rarely campanulate truncate. Petals
5 subequal usually with a distinct claw. Stamens 10, or reduced to 5
176 G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1
or 3 or 1, if fewer than 10 with or without sterile filaments ; filaments
free filiform; anthers versatile dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary stalked,
many-ovuled; style long or short, stigma small or large and peltate,
subterminal or oblique. Pod linear or oblong, flat, continuous within,’
dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds albuminous, funiculus usually broadly
triangular. Species 150, spread throughout the tropics.
Fertile stamens 10, (flowers large showy) :—
Leaflets distinct; calyx with a produced tube and a 5-
cleft limb (§ LysIPHYLLUM) ; a very extensive cirrhose
climber eas pes 1 be
Leaflets connate ; sey with a ghar tube end a spatha-
ceous limb (§ PAULETIA) ; shrubs :—
Lobes of leaves rounded; flowers yellow the upper
_petal with a central purple blotch ; Raf puberulous,
not ribbed along upper suture ., 2.
Lobes of leaves subacute: em ere pure Basi ei
glabrous ribbed along each side of upper suture exe, NR
Fertile stamens 3 :—
Calyx-tube produced (§ PHANERA) :—
Buds narrowly clavate, the calyx-tube passing gradually
into the limb ; tendrils 0; (flowers large showy) :—
Hrect; leaves glabrous above; Pane spatha-
ceous ; pods glabrous e se npli'ty: FS
Climbing; leaves Sahobaiins above ; Jean eat
dividing into equal segments; pods pubescent oie Ww Oe
Buds widely clavate, with a rather abrupt transition
from tube to limb; tendrils circinate more or less
plentifal :—
Buds club-shaped—calyx-tube slightly ampulle-
formly dilated downwards, limb in bud obovate; an-
thers much longer than broad ; (leaves of two connate
leaflets with rounded or subacute apices) :—
Petals glabrous except on midrib and claw exter-
nally ; (flowers long-pedicelled in pyramidal ter-
minal corymbs) :—
Stipules persistent; style glabrous ... By
Stipules deciduous; style densely pubescent ... 7.
Petals uniformly densely pubescent externally :—
Petals much longer than calyx-lobes :—
- Flowers long-pedicelled in pyramidal lateral
and terminal corymbs; leaves pubescent,
(stipules large persistent orbicular) a mS:
Flowers’ short-pedicelled in dense terminal
corymbs; leaves glabrous :—
Stipules large persistent orbicular Berets S
Stipules small deciduous = pore iF
Petals not longer than calyx-lobes ; (leaves pubes-
cent; corymbs terminal dense, flowers very
shortly pedicelled) ans vey ore ie
oo
. diphylla.
. tomentosa.
. acuminata,
. purpurea,
- mollissima,.
. albo-luiea.
. semibifida.
. Hullettii.
. Grifithiana.
. ferruginea.
. Ridleyi.
1897.| G. King— Meterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 177
Buds clove-shaped—calyx-tube cylindric, limb in bud
ovate or orbicular; anthers shortly oblong :—
Leaves of two connate leaflets with rounded apices};
(calyx-tube considerably longer than limb) preg ts
Leaves entire or divided at the tip (in young plants
of some species casually split to the base) into two
narrow acute or acuminate lobes :—
Calyx-tube much longer than the limb; (leaves
usually entire, less often divided at the tip,
flowers in dense terminal corymbs) :—
Leaves 5-7-nerved, adpressed-pubeszent be-
neath; calyx rusty-downy ; pod pubescent .., 13.
Leaves 7-9-nerved, glabrous beneath; calyx
sparsely puberulous; pod glabrous «an eens
Calyx-tube not exceeding the limb :—
Inflorescence lax, the lower flowers not at all
deciduous; leaves thick firm :—
Flowers in racemes, the lower pedicels not
sensibly longer than those above :— ;
Racemes long, many-fid.; leaves all entire,
glabrous beneath .., é wees 5
Racemes short, few-fid.; leaves rather
deeply bifid, densely pubescent beneath... 16.
Flowers in corymbs, the lower pedicels mani-
festly longer than those next above :—
Leaves deeply cordate often subpeltate, not
much longer than broad, sometimes 2-fid
at tip, petiole 1 in. long ass aene be
Leaves shallow-cordate, twice as long as
broad, all entire, petiole ‘5 in. long Bera bcs
Inflorescence dense, most of the lower pedicels
deciduous leaving the rachis below as a longish
nodose peduncle ; leaves thin flexible :—
Leaves entire or rarely slightly emarginate
at tip, 5-nerved ; calyx glabrous; (pod glab-
rous) és $3 aan 1D.
Leaves divided at apex (only a few in region
of inflorescence entire), nerves more than 5 ;
calyx- pubescent :—
Leaves as broad as long, nerves 9-11,
apical sinus wide deltoid; calyx rusty-
pubescent ; pod large pubescent ae)
Leaves longer than broad, nerves 7-9,
apical sinus narrow; calyx grey-silky ;
pod small glabrons ; flowers small re
Calyx-tube very short (§ LasiopeMa) ; (flowers small, in
long narrow many-fid. racemes) :—
Calyx-limb 5-partite ; petals white ; pods small glabrous;
leaves flexible, divided at apex :—
Pod short, 2-seeded ate a is ee
J th Ze
B. glauca.
B. cornifolia,
B. bidentata,
B. lucida.
B, Scortechinit.
B. Kingii.
B, Finlaysoniana.
B. Wray.
B. integrifolia.
B. glabrifolia.
B, anguina.
178 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Pod longer, 3—5-seeded waa ee . 23. B. Curtisia.
Calyx-limb entire ; petals red ; pods large anes spities
cent (3-5-seeded); leaves rigid, entire ev, ... 24, B. strychnoidea,
§ 1. Lysipnystum Benth. Fertile stamens 10. Calye with a.
long tube and 5-cleft limb. Pod broad indehiscent. Leaflets distinct.
1. Bavntyia pipHyLttA Ham. in Syme, Embassy 476 c. Ic. (1800).
A very extensive glabrous twining species with circinate tendrils,
sometimes spreading 200-300 feet or further. Leaves cordate at base ;
leaflets always quite free, each 5-6-nerved, flexible, rounded at both ends,
wider below, 3 in. long, 2in across, pale-green glabrous on both surfaces;
petiole glabrous °75-1'25 in. long, slightly thickened at both ends.
Flowers very large, in lax terminal racemes 8-12 in. long, pedicels glab-
rous ascending 1‘5-2 in. long, bracts small ovate squamous; buds 2 in.
long fusiform. Calya thickly coriaceous, green, glabrous, limb eut to
base into 5 lanceolate equal reflexed segments 1:2 in. long, tube ‘8 in.
long very slightly infundibuliform. Petals lanceolate erect, clawed,
equal, as long as calyx-lobes, °4 in. wide, white, faintly veined. S/samens
10, all fertile, equal, anthers linear, filaments as long as petals, glabrous.
Ovary glabrous very long-stalked, style *5 in. long, somewhat incurved.
Pod very large, thin and flat, 10-16 in. long, 3 in. wide, stipe 2 in. long,
rather finely transversely veined. Seeds 30-40 in a row along the
middle of the pod, oval, somewhat compressed, °5 in. long, “3 in. across,
‘2 in. thick, testa pale-brown shining. Wall. Cat. 5784; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 278. Bauhinia Buchanam Desv. Ann. Se. Nat., ser. I,
IX, 430. Phanera diphylla Benth. Pl. Jungh. 264.
Maracca; Griffith (fide Buker). Distrisp. Burma; S. India.
This species is extremely plentiful in Burma but has never been sent to Calcutta
from Malaya. It is inserted on the authority of Mr. Baker in the Flora of British
India IT, 278.
§ 2. Paunetia Cay. Fertile stamens 10. Calyx with very short
tube aud spathaceous limb. Pod narrow dehiscent. Evect shrubs with
large showy flowers and connate leaflets.
2. Bavuuinra Tomenrosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 375. An erect shrub with
downy zig-zag rounded branches. Leaves truncate at base, flexible,
rather broader than long, 2—2°5 in. wide, 7—Y-nerved, cut three-sevenths
down into two rounded obtuse or faintly acute lobes, shining glabrous
above, closely pnbescent beneath ; petiole pubescent, slightly grooved
above, thickened at both ends, °5 in. long. Flowers in short-peduncled
leaf-opposed 2-fld. (varely I- or 3-fld.) peduncles ‘4-1-2 in. long, pedicels
erect ‘2 in. long, 2-bracteolate, bracts linear ‘25 in. long; buds narrowly
ovate-acute, ‘7 in. long, the tip very shortly subulately 5-lobed. Calyx
green, finely closely pubescent, splitting spathaceously to the base of
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 179
the ‘5 in.-long limb, tube ‘2 in. long, distinctly infundibuliform. Petals
obovate-spathulate, 1°75 in. long, ‘8 in. wide,yellow, the upper with a purple
central blotch. Stamens 10, all fertile, subequal, anthers linear, filaments
hirsute in lower half. Ovary distinctly stalked, densely tomentose, style
‘0-7 in. long, straight. Pod 4-5 in. long, ‘5-7 in. across, compressed,
at length dehiscent, when ripe only faintly pnbernlous, not ribbed along
upper suture; stipe "2-25 in. long. Seeds 10-16, oblong, flattened, -25
in. long, ‘2 in. across, testa dark-brown shining. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31;
DC. Prodr. IT, 514; Roxb. Flor. Ind. IJ, 323; Wall. Cat. 5790 A—H;
Bot. Mag. t. 5560; W. & A. Prodr. 295; Miq. Flor.. Ind. Bat. I, 75;
Bedd. Flor. Sylv. 92; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 275. B. speciosa Roxb.
in Wall. Cat. 5791 not of Vogel.
PunaneG; fide Baker. ANDAMANS; King’s Collectors! Dustrip. 8.-H.-
Asia; Trop. Africa,
There are no Malayan specimens at Calcutta; the plant in the Andamans is, if
not cultivated, probably introduced.
3. Bavwinia acuminata Linn. Sp. Pl. 376. A small erect shrub
with obscurely downy zig-zag angular branches. Leaves slightly cordate,
flexible, rather longer than broad, 5-6 in. wide, 9-l1l-nerved, cut one-
third down into two triangular subobtuse or acute lobes, shining
glabrous above, glaucescent hairy (sometimes at length glabrescent)
beneath ; petiole puberulous grooved above, thickened at both ends,
1-15 in. long. Flowers in leaf-opposed few-fld. corymbs, peduncle ‘5 in.
long, pedicels erect the lowest °4 in. long, 2-bracteolate, bracts linear or
subulate *15 in. long; buds Janceolate acuminate 1'5 in. long, the tip
very shortly subulately 5-lobed Calyx green, giabrous or faintly
puberulous, splitting spathaceously to the base of the 1:25 in.-long
parallel-veined limb, tube °25 in. long, very slightly infundibuliform.
Petals oblong, pure white, glabrous, 1°75 in. long, 1 in. wide. Stamens
10, all fertile, subequal, anthers linear, filaments hirsute in lower third.
‘Ovary long-stalked glabrous, style *6 in. long, curved. Jod 4-5 in.
long, *6-"7 in. broad, firm, glabrous, compressed, at length dehiscent,
strongly ribbed along each side of the upper suture, stipe *5 in. long.
Seeds 10-1, ovate, flattened, °3 in. long, 2 in. wide. DC. Prodr. IT, 518;
Boxb. Hort. Beng. 31; Flor. Ind. II, 324; Wall. Cat. 5794; W.& A.
Prodr. 295; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 74; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 276.
B. candida Ait. Hort. Kew. II, 49; DC. Prodr. IJ, 513 not of Roxb.
B. purpurea Wall. Cat. 5797 (D only} not of Linn.
ANDAMANS ; very common, King’s Collectors! Prax; Kunstler 413!
2386! 8283! Scortechini 1812! Matacca; Hervey! etc. Distris. China,
india, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago.
Ҥ 3. Paanera Lour. Fertile stamens usually 3, sometimes 4-5.
180 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. }
Calyx-tube usually more or less produced ; limb 5-cleft or, very rarely,
spathaceous. Hrect or scandent; flowers variable in size.
4. Bavninea purpurea Linn. Sp. Pl. 375. An erect tree 20-30
feet high, with moderately stout glabrescent branches and without
tendrils. Leaves roundish, base shallowly cordate, apex divided one-
third to one-half down, sinus wideish, lobes rounded obtuse or subacute ;
rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long and broad, medium-green, glabrous
above, paler and glabrous or faintly puberulous beneath; nerves 9-11;
petiole 15 in. glabrous; stipules small membranous, triangular, ‘1 in.
long, deciduous. lowers in terminal and axillary short-peduncled few-
fid. corymbs, 2—4 in. long; lower pedicels ‘25-5 in. long, puberulous
as is the rachis, bracts mimute deltoid, deciduous; buds elavate 1°5 in.
long, taperiug uniformly from the blunt apex to the base. Calyx tawny-
downy, limb ‘9 in. long, splitting mto 2 coriaceous valves slightly divided
at the apex into 5 short teeth, tube slightly dilated upwards ‘6 in. long.
Petals 5, oblanceolate acute with long claw, white to purple, 1°75 in.
long, 5 in. wide. Stamens 3-4 fertile, anthers lirear-eblong, filaments
white, as long as the petals. Ovary very long-stalked, puberulous, ovules
16-20, style stoutish ‘4 in. long, stigma rather large oblique peltate.
Pod glabrous 8-12 in. long, ‘8-1 in. across, tardily dehiscing, valves
firm woody flat, rather pointed at both ends, stipe lin long. Seeds
12-16, compressed, orbieular, 5 in. in diam. testa brown. Rexb. Hort.
Beng. 31; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XITI, 497; Wall. Cat. 5797 in
part ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. H, 320; W. & A. Prodr. 296; Bedd. Flor. Sylv.
92; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 284. B. triandra Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31 ;
Wall. Cat. 5799; Roxb. FI. Ind. II, 320. B. coromandeliana DC.
Prodr. II, 515. Phanera purpurea Benth. Pl. Jungh. 262; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 60.
SrynGaPorE; Hullett 218! perhaps planted. Dasseaee Indo-
China ; China.
5. Bavuinra MOLLISSIMA Wall. Cat. 5782 (1830). A rather slender
climber, usually small but sometimes reaching 60-80 feet in length,
branches slender persistently rusty-tomentose ; apparently always
without tendrils. Leaves roundish, base cordate, apex divided one-third
down, sinus wide, lobes obtuse ; rigidly subcoriaceous, 4-6 in. long,
rarely a little narrower than broad, bright-green ; above persistently pube-
rulous along the nerves, elsewhere densely papillose and velvety to the
touch but ultimately not hairy, beneath thinly persistently rusty-pubes-
cent; nerves 11-18; petiole 1°25-1'5 in., rusty-pubescent. Flowers in
leaf-opposed racemes, peduncle subterete ‘5-2°5 in. long, compressed
towards tip, densely rusty-tomentose, lower flowers usually deciduous,
bracts persistent oyate-acute under. ‘1 in. long, pubescent externally,
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 181
glabrous within; pedicels ‘25 in. long, rusty-tomentose, 2-bracteolate
near the apex; buds narrowly clavate 2-2°5 in. long, the narrowly
fusiform upper part rather shorter than the narrow slightly infundi-
buliform base. Calyx densely tawny- to rusty-tomentose limb splitting
into reflexed equal linear-lanceolate lobes 1—1'25 in. long, tube 1-1°25 in.
long. Petals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, the four lower 2 in. long, ‘3 in.
wide, reddish-brown with a central yellow streak, the upper 2°25 in.
long, ‘5 in. wide, bright-red with a central branching yellow line, all
narrowed into a long claw and pubescent externally. Stamens 3 fertile,
anthers linear-oblong, filaments yellowish, uniform, glabrous. Ovary
densely tawny-pubescent, stalk ‘5 in. long, tomentose as is the style ‘7 in,
long, stigma small peltate ; ovules 4-6. Pod pubescent, 4 in. long, 1 in
wide, tapering to both ends, stipe ‘5 in. long. Seeds 1-2, compressed,
orbicular, about ‘4 in. in diam. B. elongata Korth. Nat. Verly, Gesch. 89
t. 24 (1839) ; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 281. B. purpurea Goll. & Mor.
Syst. Verzeichn. 1; Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. III, 69, not of Linn.
Phanera elongata Benth. Pl. Jungh 262; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 61.
B. Pottsit G. Don, Gen. Syst. IT, 462.
Perak ; Scortechint ! Kunstler 1024! 246115165! Kepan; at Yau,
Ridley 5206! Penana; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5782)! Mauacca; Maingay
5142/2! Disrris. Northwards to Tenasserim; southwards to the Malay
Archipelago.
The name given by Korthals being of considerably later date than that employed
by Wallich, Dr. Wallich’s name is here adopted. Korthals’ figure conveys a rather
inaccurate idea of the colour of the flower, the true nature of which is given from
g full field-note made by Mr. Kunstler.
6. BavuHInta.ALBO-LUTBA Prain. A slender shrubby climber with
slender rusty-pubescent branches, tendrils few circinate glabrous.
Leaves roundish, base cordate, apex divided one-third down, sinus
marrow apiculate, lobes usually subacute; rigidly subcoriaceous, 25-4
in. long, often rather broader than long, dark-green; glabrous above,
persistently puberulous, rarely closely pubescent, beneath; nerves
11-13; petiole 1:'5-2°5 in., sparsely puberulous; stipules oblong-obtuse,
-2 in. long persistent. Flowers in few-flowered lax pyramidal terminal
racemes, 3-4 in. long, 3 in. across, pedicels rusty-puberulous erecto-
patent the lower 15-1:75 in. long, bracts lanceolate ‘2 in. long, bracteoles
subulate ‘15 in., deciduous ; buds club-shaped, ‘9 in. long, the obovoid
upper part exceeding the ampulleform base. Calyx rusty-puberulous,
limb splitting into reflexed lanceolate segments ‘5 in, long, ‘1 in. wide,
tube “4 in. long, slightly dilated towards base. Petals cream-coloured,
5 subequal, oblanceolate subacute distinctly clawed, 1:25 in. long, °3 in.
wide, glabrous within, and glabrous externally except on.the elaw and
182 G. King—Maiterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
along the lower third of the midrib. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers linear-
oblong, filaments uniform 1°5 in. long. Ovary distinctly stalked, rusty-
pubescent, style slender glabrous, ‘8 in. long, stigma oblique peltate.
Pod thin oblong with black glabrous woody valves. Seeds 2 ( fide
Miquel). Bauhinia ferruginea Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV, 2. 128
(Enum. Pl. Nicobars) ; loc. cit. 289 (Burm. Flora) not of Roxb. Phanera
albo-lutea Mig. Flor, Ind. Bat, I, 1079.
Nicopars; Great Nicobar, Jelinek 241! Duistris. Indo-China;
Sumatra.
It is rather strange that this species should occur in Burma, the Nicobars
and Sumatra and not have as yet been gathered in the Malay Peninsula. It is
nearer to B, semibifida than to B. ferruginea, with which Mr. Kurz has placed it, both
on account of its long pedicels and because of its almost glabrous petals, but it
differs very markedly as regards bracts and stipules as well as in its ovary which
has a glabrous style. Its nearest allies are, however, the Indian B. nervosa which
differs in having pubescent petals, and the Sumatran B. stipularis Korth., which
differs in having petals with cordate instead of cuneate buses.
7. BAvHInia SEMIBIFIDA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. <A very strong
climber often exceeding 30 feet in length, with stems 4-6 in. thick;
branchlets stoutish brightly rusty-silky, tendrils glabrous few, thick,
woody, circinate. Leaves roundish, base cordate, apex divided one-third
to one-half down, sinus narrow apiculate, lobes round or subacute;
rigidly subcoriaceous, 2-3 in. long, sometimes a little narrower than
broad, light-green and glabrous above, beneath with reddish rather
densely rusty nerves, elsewhere sparsely adpressed-rusty silky; nerves
9-11; petiole 1-1°5 in., sparsely rusty-silky, stipules broadly ovate,
falcate, 15 in. long, very deciduous. Flowers in pyramidal terminal
racemes 4-10 in, long, 3 in. across, pedicels erecto-patent, rusty-pubes-
cent, 1-15 in. long, bracts ‘2 in. long, lanceolate, deciduons ; buds
club-shaped ‘9-12 in. long, the obovoid upper part exceeding the
ampulleform base. Calya densely rusty-pubescent, limb splitting into
reflexed lanceolate segments 5-7 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, tube dilated
slightly towards base, *4—5 in. long. Petals 5 subequal, oblanceolate
obtuse, shortly clawed, ‘8-1 in. long, °35 in. wide, dull, white, glabrous
except on the claw and along the base of the midrib externally where
there is a faint rusty pubescence. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers lnear-
oblong, filaments white, uniform, shorter than the. petals. Ovary dis-
tinctly stalked densely rusty-silky, ovules 6-8, style thick silky stout,
‘Ain. long; stigma large oblique peltate. Pod thin oblong, with black
glabrous woody valves, 4 in. long, 1:25 in. wide, stipe °35 in. long.
Seeds 4—6, flattened, orbicular, ‘5 in. in diam. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 253 ;
Cat. 5783 ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 330; Wight Ic. t. 263; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. Il, 280. Phanera semibifida Benth. Pl. Jungh. 263; Mig. Flor.
18977] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 183
Ind. Bat. I, 61. Bauhinia ferruginea var, excelsa Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I,
283; not Phanera excelsa Bl. - Phanera sumatrana Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
1078. .
Matacea; Grifith 1868; Mount Ophir, Lobb! Sincarore; Lobb!
Maingay 542/3! Schomburgk 60! Hullett 55! 146! Kunstler 1251!
Ridley! Disrxris. Sumatra; Borneo.
This is very near indeed to B. ferruginea, but is easily distinguished by the
pubescence on the ontside of the petals being limited toa line on the centre near
the base. J'hanera excelsa Bl., from Borneo, reduced by Korthals to Bauhinia ferru-
ginea is a quite distinct species, recently again reported by Hullett (n. 246). The
Malacca specimen collected by Griffith which Mr. Baker refers to B. ferruginea VAR.
excelsa is not at Calcutta, but Maingay 542/3 referred at Kew to the same variety is,
at Calcutta, exactly the same as typical B. sumatrana Miq. and is therefore only a
large form of B. semibifida. Another Maingayan sheet (n. 542/2, referred also to
B. ferruginea VaR. excelsa) is, at Calcutta, the quite different B. mollissima Wall.
(B. elongatu Korth.).
8. Bavuinta Hetvertim Prain. <A strong shrubby climber reaching
20 feet in length, branchlets stoutish pubescent, tendrils few circinate
pubescent. Leaves roundish, base cordate; apex divided one-third down,
sinus narrow apiculate, lobes round; rigidly subcoriaceous, 2°5—4 in.
long, rather longer than broad, dark-green sparsely pubescent above,
paler and closely adpressed-pubescent beneath ; nerves 9-11; petiole
1-1°5 in., densely pubescent ; stipules orbicular hirsute foliaceous, ‘5 in.
in diam., persistent. Flowers in lax few-fid. lateral leaf-opposed racemes,
3-6 in. long, 3 in. across, pedicels erecto-patent densely rusty-tomentose,
1°25-1°5 in. long, bracts lanceolate -25 in. long as are the linear brac-
teoles ‘15 in. long; buds club-shaped, ‘7-9 in. long, the obovoid upper
part exceeding the ampulleform base. Calyx pubescent, rose-red as
are the pedicels, limb splitting into reflexed lanceolate segments ‘4—"5 in.
long, ‘1 in. wide, tube slightly dilated towards base, *3—4 in. long. Petals
rose-pink, 5 subequal, oblanceolate-obtuse, long-clawed, 1°25 in. long,
‘4m. wide, far exserted, glabrous within, very densely tomentose exter-
nally. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers linear-oblong, filaments uniform pink,
2in. long. Ovary distinctly stalked, densely silky, style thick tomentose
stout, 1:2 in. long, stigma large oblique peltate. Pod unknown.
Penane; Curtis 784! J. Scott! Kunstler 1347! Perak; Wray 177!
Mauacea ; Holmberg 775!
Very near B. Grifithiana but differs in having the stipules, though similar, very *
much smaller; in having ths leaves pubescent instead of glabrous; in having long-
pedicelied lax-flowered lateral corymbs instead of short-pedicelled dense-flowered
terminal ones, and in having the flowers red or pink.
9. Bavuinra GriveirHiana Prain. A very strong shrubby climber
reaching 20 feet in length, branchlets stout glabrous, tendrils few cir-
184 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
cinate, glabrous. Leaves roundish, base cordate, apex divided one-third —
down, sinus narrow apiculate, lobes round; rigidly subcoriaceous, 2°5-4
in. long, about as long as broad, dark-green shining above, ‘paler beneath,
quite glabrous on both surfaces; nerves 9-11] ; petiole 1-1°5 in. glabrous ;
stipules orbicular foliaceous, °75 in. in diam., persistent. Flowers in
pyramidal terminal racemes 3°5—6 in. long, 3 in. across, pedicels spread-
ing, rusty-pubescent, ‘4 in. long, bracts ovate ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. wide,
subpersistent as are the two similar subequal bracteoles; buds club-
shaped 1 in. long, the broadly obovoid upper part exceeding the ampul-
leform base. Calyx rusty-puberulous, limb splitting into reflexed
lanceolate segments ‘6 in. long, ‘15 in wide, tube slightly dilated towards
base ‘4 in. long. Petals bright-yellow, 5 subequal, oblanceolate obtuse,
shortly clawed, 1:25-1'5 in. long, ‘4"5 in. wide, glabrous within, densely
* tomentose externally. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers linear-oblong, fila-
ments red, dilated in the middle, 2 in long. Ovary distinctly stalked,
densely silky ; ovules 6-8; style thick silky, stout, °6 in. long, stigma
large oblique peltate. Pod thin, oblong, with black glabrous woody
valves, 5 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, stipe ‘35 in. long. Seeds 46, flattened,
ovate, ‘5 in. long, ‘30 in. across. Bauhinia ferruginea var. Grifithiana
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 283. Phanera Griffithiana Benth. Pl. Jungh.
263 ; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 65.
Mataccea ; Griffith 1867! Maingay 542! Hervey! Derry 188! Holm-
berg 775! Purak; Scortechini 298! Panana; Ridley 2606! |
This agrees in foliage with B. ferruginea with which Mr. Baker has united
it, and it has the same pubescence on the outside of the petals.. But it diffgrs
considerably in flower and very markedly in the nature of its bracts and of its
large persistent stipules and Mr. Bentham seems to the writer to have been undoubt-
edly justified in treating it as specifically distinct. It is in reality more nearly
allied to B. Hullettii which has however pink flowers and pubescent leaves, and has
the long-pedicelled flowers of B. semibifida and B. albo-lutea, than it is to the species
in which Mr. Baker includes it.
10. BAvHINIA FERRUGINEA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 90. A very strong
shrubby climber sometimes exceeding 20 feet, branchlets stoutish soon
glabrescent, tendrils few circinate glabrous. Leaves roundish, base cor-
date, apex divided one-third down, sinus narrow apiculate, lobes round ;
rigidly subcoriaceous, 2°5—4 in. long, always about as broad as long, dark-
green, shining and glabrous above, paler and glabrous beneath; nerves
. 9-11; petiole 1-1-5 in., glabrous ; stipules broadly ovate, falcate, ‘15 in.
long, very deciduous. Flowers in pyramidal terminal racemes 3'5-6 in.
long, 3 in. across, pedicels spreading, rusty-pubescent, ‘4 in. long, bracts: .
‘2 in. long, lanceolate, deciduous ; buds club-shaped 1 in. long, the broadly
obovoid upper part exceeding the ampulleform base. Calyx rusty-
puberulous, limb splitting into reflexed lanceolate segments ‘6 in, long,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 185
‘15 in. wide, tube slightly dilated towards base, ‘4 in.long. Petals pale
greenish-yellow, 5 subequal, oblanceolate-obtuse, shortly clawed, 1—1-25 in.
long, 35 in. wide, glabrous within, densely tomentose externally. Stamens
3 fertile, anthers linear-oblong, filaments pink, uniform, 2 in. long.
Ovary distinctly stalked, densely silky; ovules 6-8; style thick, silly,
stout, ‘6 in. long, stigma large oblique peltate. Pod thin, oblong, with
black glabrous woody valves, 8 in. long, 2 in. wide, stipe ‘5 in. long.
Seeds 4—6, flattened, broadly ovate, ‘5 in. long, ‘4 in. across. Wall. Cat.
5776; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 331; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 283 excel.
both the varieties and the syn. of Korthals and G. Don. Phanera ferru-
ginea Benth. Pl. Jungh. 262; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. J, 62.
Perak; Wray 622! 1258! Scortechint 67! Kunstler 2508! 3492 !
6173! Penana; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5776)! QOurtis 211!
This is very near to B. semibisida Roxb. but is at once distinguished by its petals -
being externally uniformly pubescent.
Bauhinia ferruginea Korth., referred by Mr. Baker to Roxburgh’s plant, is an
exceedingly distinct species. Korthal’s plant is, in fact, the basis of Phanera excelsa
Miq., which Mr. Baker elsewhere separates (as to citation) as a variety of B. ferru-
ginea. The plant described as VAR. ewcelsa by Mr. Baker is, however, still another
species (B. sumatrana Miq., which is only a form of B. semibifida). B. Pottsii
G. Don, also referred here by Mr. Baker, has a tomentose pod and therefore cannot
possibly be the present species. Don’s plant is doubtless B. mollissima Wall. which
is the only tomentose-fruited species at all nearly related to the present one.
11. BavaintA Riputyt Prain. A very strong shrubby climber
reaching 20 feet in length, branches stoutish, thinly but persistently
rysty-silky, tendrils few circinate persistently silky. Leaves roundish,
base cordate, apex divided one-third down, sinus narrow apiculate, lobes
usually subacute; rigidly subcoriaceous, 2'5-4 in. long, sometimes a
little longer than broad, dark-green strigose above, densely adpressed-
pubescent beneath ; nerves 9-11; petiole °75-1 in., densely rusty-pubes-
cent; stipules ovate-lanceolate, falcate, ‘15 in. long, very deciduous.
Flowers in densely congested terminal corymbs 2 in. long and broad,
pedicels densely silky ‘3 in. long, spreading, bracts and bracteoles equal
orbicular, persistent, densely tomentose, °25 in. long; buds club-shaped
‘7 in. long, the obovoid upper part ‘exceeding the ampulleform base.
Calyx densely softly rusty-pubescent, limb splitting into reflexed lanceo-
late segments ‘4 in. long, ‘1 in. wide, tube ‘3 in. long, slightly dilated
towards base. Petals pure-white, 5 subequal, oblong-obtuse, hardly
clawed, not exserted, glabrous within, densely tomentose externally,
‘4—5 in. long, ‘2 in. wide. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers crimson, linear-
oblong, filaments °75 in. long, uniform, red. Ovary shortly stalked,
densely tomentose, style thick, tomentose, stout, °5 in. long, stigma large
oblique peltate. Pod unknown.
J. il, 24
186 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Perak; Scortechini 140! 519! Kunstler 1096! Penane ; Ridley !
Curtis 1291! Jonore; King and Hullett !
Very nearly related to B. ferruginea, B. Hullettii, B. Grifithiana, and like these
species with petals densely pubescent outside; it is, however, easily recognised by
its dense corymbs and by its short petals, not at all exserted.
12. Bavaria Guauca Wall. Cat. 5785. A spreading climber with
glabrous slender branchlets ; tendrils numerous circinate rusty-puberu-
lous. Leaves cordate at base, bifid to the middle with obtuse lobes and a
narrow sinus; firm, thinly coriaceous, rather broader than long, 2-3 in.
across, glabrous above, thinly persistently adpressed rusty-pubescent
especially on the nerves beneath ; nerves 9-11; petiole '75-1°25 in. long,
stipules linear-subalate ‘2 in, long. Flowers in copious, dense, peduncled
or very rarely subsessile, leaf-opposed and terminal corymbs, the pedun-
cles sparsely rusty often 1-2 in. long, lower pedicels ‘5-75 in. long
sparsely rusty, bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate, ‘15-2 in. long;
buds clove-shaped ‘65 in. long, the ovoid head one-half shorter than the
ridged cylindric base. Calya glabrous, limb splitting into subequal ovate-
acute lobes ‘25 in. long, tube ‘4 in, long, puberulous within. Petals 5
subequal, cream-coloured, oblong very long-clawed, wavy at the margin,
‘75 in. long, sparsely pubescent externally. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers
short-oblong, filaments white uniform glabrous, ‘9 in. long, exceeding
the petals, declinate. Ovary glabrous with a distinct slender stalk and
a stoutish style, ‘15 in. long, slightly incurved ; stigma small; ovules
about 20. Pod thin glabrous, flat, 6-8 in. long, 1°5-2°5 in. aeross, stipe
‘25-3 in. long. Seeds 15-20 in a line down the centre of the pod, much
compressed, oval, *5in. long, ‘din. wide. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 282.
Phanera glauca Benth. Pl. Jungh. 265; Miq. Flor, Ind. Bat. I, 68, t. 2 A.
Perak ; Scortechint 219! Wray 3332! Penane; fide Baker. Drts-
Tris. Indo-China; China; Malayan Archipelago.
The pods are like those of B. diphylla but smaller and with shorter stipe. Its
nearest allies are the Chinese B. corymbosa with similar but smaller leaves and with
similar flowers but with narrow pods, and the Assam B. tenuiflora with similar pods
but with less deeply bifid leaves and with a much longer calyx-tube. Mr. Baker has
seen a variety from Singapore with smaller leaves (VAR. parvifolia); this has not
yet been sent to Calcutta.
13. Bavarnta corniroLiA Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. II, 278. <A very
large slender creeper 100-150 feet long, stems 2-3 in. in diam., branches
slender, thinly rusty-downy, tendrils few circinate downy. eaves very
slightly cordate at base, narrowed gradually to an obtuse or subacute
entire or rarely bifid point, half as long again as broad, 2°5-3°5 in. long,
1-5—2°5 in. across, rather rigidly subcoriaceous, dark-green and glabrous
above, thinly adpressed brown-silky beneath; 7- (rarely 5-) nerved ;
petiole 1 in. long, puberulous, slightly thickened at both ends. Flowers
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1€7
in dense terminal corymbs, 4 in. long and broad ; pedicels rusty, erecto-
patent, the lower 1°75 in. long,. bracts very smail deciduous ; buds clove-
shaped, the cylindric base much longer than the spherical apiculate
upper portion. Calyx rusty-downy, limb splitting into 5 subequal ovate
shortly acuminate lobes ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. across; tube cylindric *6—7
in. long. Petals 5 subequal, deep orange-yellow at length becoming
brick-red, oblanceolate-oblong very shortly clawed, °8 in. long, ‘5 in. wide,
externally sparsely rusty-pubescent. Stamens 38 fertile, anthers shortly
oblong, filaments much shorter than petals. Ovary densely rusty-downy,
shortly stalked, style °2 in. long; stigma large peltate. Pod oblong
woody, 4 in. long, 2 in. wide, externally finely adpressed rusty-pubescent ;
stipe "15-2 in. long. Seeds about 4, much compressed, dark-brown, 1
in. long, *7 in. across.
Penance; Griffith; Kurz! Hullett 123! Curtis 468! Matacca;
Maingay 545! Perak; Kunstler 6261 !
Very closely related to B. bidentata but differing in having larger flowers, pubes-
cent pods, and leaves slightly downy beneath. The character derived from the
leaf-apex, which appeared reliable when Mr. Baker’s account of the Indian Bauhinias
was published 20 years ago, is now proved, by the large suites of specimens sent to
Herb. Calcutta during recent years, to fail within the limits of both of these species.
14, Bauninta Bipentata Jack, Malay. Mise. II, 7, 76. A very
large strong creeper over 150 feet long, or sometimes, when growing
apart, shrubby or even tree-like (Kunstler, Hullett), branches slender
glabrescent, tendrils few circinate quite glabrous. Leaves very slightly
cordate at base, sometimes truncate, narrowed gradually to an obtuse or
sub-acute bifid or entire point, half as long again as broad, 2°5—-5 in. long,
1°5-3°5 in. across, rather rigidly subcoriaceous, dark-green shining above,
pale beneath, glabrous on both surfaces ; 7—9-nerved ; petiole 1 in. long,
glabrous, slightly thickened at both ends. Jlowers in dense terminal
_corymbs 3 in. long and broad; pedicels finely pubescent, erecto-patent,
the lower 1°5 in. long, bracts ultimately deciduous, ovate-acute, ‘15 in.
long; buds clove-shaped, the cylindric base much longer than the
spherical acute but not apiculate upper portion. Oalyx puberulous, limb
splitting into subequal ovate-acute lobes ‘3 in. long, °2 in. across; tube
cylindric striate 1 in. long. Petals subequal, deep orange-yellow at
length becoming scarlet, oblong, spreading, shortly clawed, ‘6 in. long,
*35 in. wide, externally sparsely rusty-pubescent. Stamens 3 fertile,
authers shortly oblong, filaments short hirsute. Ovary sparsely pubes-
cent, distinctly stalked, style ‘2 in. long, stigma large peltate. Pod
oblong woody, 4°5 in. long, 1*5 in. wide, externally quite glabrous, stipe
*25 in long. Seeds 4-5, much compressed, ‘5 in. long, ‘85 in. wide.
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I, 223; Wall. Cat. 5778; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
188 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Ind. II, 279, Phanera bidentata Benth. Pl. Jungh. -263; Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 64.
Perak; Scortechini 93! 248! Wray 1628! Kunstler 803! 1000 !
3130! 3183! 3528! 4797! 6533! Penane; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5778) !
Hulleté 181! Kunstler 13800! Qurtis 136! Sevancor ; Ridley 318! Jonors ;
King! Hullett 833! Distris. Sumatra (Forbes!) ; Philippines.
Nearest to B. cornifolia Bak.
15. Bavcninia LucipA Wall. Cat. 5779 A. A-large creeper more
than 100 feet long, with stoutish glabrous branches; tendrils long
circinate glabrous. Leaves usually distinctly cordate at the base,
tapering from below the middle to an ultimately abruptly shortly acu-
minate point; rather longer than broad, 3-5 in. long, 2-2-5 in. wide,
rigidly subcoriaceous, bright-green shining above, glabrous on both sur-
faces, 5-(rarely 7-) nerved; petiole ‘3-4 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in
lax long-peduncled copious paniculate racemes, terminal and extending
into the axils of the upper leaves, 4-6 in. long, 2 in. across; pedicels
rusty-puberulous, erecto-patent, subequal throughout the raceme, rarely
exceedirg 75 in. long, bracts lanceolate, deciduous, *2 in. long, bracteoles
2 subpersistent, snbopposite, subulate, ‘15 in. long, near base of calyx-
tube; bud clove-shaped, the subcylindric base as long as the obovoid
blunt upper portion. Calya closely rusty-tomentose, limb splitting into
subequal ovate-obtuse lobes *25 in. long, ‘2 in. across; tube subcylindric
25 in. long. Petals subequal, bright-yellow, ovate-oblong, long-clawed,
‘8 in. long, ‘5 in. across, externally rusty-pubescent. Stamens 3 fertile,
anthers shortly oblong. Ovary glabrous except on sutures near the
base, stalk distinct pubescent; style 15 in. long, glabrous, stigma large
peltate. Pod narrowly oblong, woody, 3°5 in. long, 1 in. wide, narrow-
ing towards the base, valves glabrous ; stipe 25 in. long, rusty-pubescent.
Seeds 4-6, irregularly orbicular, compressed, ‘4 in. across. Bauhinia
emarginata Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I], 273 not of Mill. and hardly of
Jack. Phanera lucida Benth. Pl. Jungh. 262.
Penana; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5779)! Perak; Wray 2127! Scortechini
66! 1534! Kuustler 3434! 3902! 6659 !
Mr. Bentham and Mr. Baker both refer to this species B. emarginata Jack, from
Sumatra. But Jack’s plant has, by the original description, corymbose racemes
with long pedicelled flowers and has tomentose ovaries. It is therefore quite clear
that it cannot be the same as B. lucida Wall. In any case the use of the name
‘emarginata’ is to be deprecated, seeing that it was applied to a Mexican species (B.
emarginata Mill. Dict., ed. VIII, 5) before Jack’s name was published.
16. Bavurnta Scorrecuinu’ Prain. A large climber with slender
branches, glabrous except at the rusty-puberulous tips, tendrils long
circinate puberulous. Leaves one anda half times as long as broad,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 189
very shallowly cordate or truncate at base, from which they taper gradu-
ally to the junction of upper and middle third thence more abruptly
to a bifid tip; 3°5—4 in. long, 2-2°5 in. wide, rigidly coriaceous, dark-
green and shining above, uniformly densely rusty-tomentose beneath ;
nerves 9, rarely 7; sinus °75 in. deep, very narrow; petiole 1°5 in. long,
glabrous, thickened at both ends. Flowers in lax, few-fid., terminal short
racemes under 2 in. long; pedicels and rachis rusty-pubescent, the
former erecto-patent, subequal throughout, the lowest not exceeding °5
in.; bracts lanceolate subpersistent *15 in. long, bracteoles 2 subper-
sistent subopposite subulate, ‘15 in. long; bud ‘5 in. long, clove-shaped,
the cylindric base as long as the spherical upper portion. Calyx closely
rusty-tomentose, limb splitting into subequal ovate lobes ; tube cylindric
°25 in. long. Petals subequal ovate, externally densely rusty-tomentose
(fully opened flowers not seen). Stamens 3 sometimes 4 fertile, anthers
short oblong, filaments hirsute. Ovary rusty-pubescent, stalk and style
distinct, the latter glabrous; stigma large peltate Pod not seen.
Perak ; Scortechini 698! .
This species is evidently very closely related to B. lucida with which it agrees
altogether in inflorescence and largely in shape of leaf. It differs however in having
the leaves densely tomentose beneath and in having them all deeply bifid at the tip.
The colour of the flower has not been noted by Father Scortechini, but the petals, in
the dried state, are exactly like those of the numerous species that are noted as
having orange-yellow flowers which redden with age, and are unlike those petals that
are noted as white. Owing to the absence of fully opened flowers the dimensions
of petals and the lengths of stipe and style cannot be given.
17. Bavuinta Kine Prain. A small climber with slender zig-zag
glabrous branches, tendrils circinate glabrous, often much thickened.
Leaves deeply cordate often slightly subpeltate at base, narrowed gra-
dually from the rounded basal lobes to an ultimately shortly acu-
minate emarginate or often deeply bifid rarely entire apex, rather
longer than broad, 3°5-4 in. long, 2°5-3 in. wide, rigidly coriaceous,
medium-green, glabrous and shining above, pale and puberulous along
the nerves, very sparsely adpressed-pubescent elsewhere beneath ; very
uniformly 5-nerved, the nerves much branched outwards; petiole 1 in.
long, glabrous. Flowers in lax, lateral axillary and terminal corymbs,
3 in. long, 2°5 in. broad, sometimes forming large loose leafless or leafy
zig-zag panicles 6 in. across and at times 1-1°5 ft. long; pedicels very
sparsely puberulous, spreading, the lowest 1°25 in, long; bracts at base
‘2 in. long, lanceolate ; bracteoles near apex ‘1 in. long subulate, both
deciduous; bud clove-shaped, ‘5 in. long, the narrowly-infundibuliform
base as long as the subglobose apiculate upper part. Calyx closely
rusty-pubescent, limb splitting into subequal ovate, very shortly acu-
minate lobes ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. across; tube narrow-infundibuliform,
190 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
‘25 in. long, ‘15 in. in diam. at apex. Petals subequal, bright-red (Wray),
oblanceolate-obtuse, long-clawed, ‘8 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, externally
rusty-pubescent. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers shortly oblong, filaments
hirsute. Ovary rusty-pubescent along sutures, long-stalked ; style long,
curved, puberulous, ‘25 in. long, stigma large peltate. Pod small, quite
glabrous; woody, narrowly ovate, tapering to both ends, 2 in. long,
‘8 in. across; stipe ‘2 in. long, pubescent. Seeds 1 or 2, ovate, com-
pressed, ‘3 in. long, *2 in. across.
Perak ; Scortechint 320! on Gunong Batu Pateh, at 4500 feet, Wray
392! SeLrancor; Bukit Etam, Kellsall 2001! Disrris. Borneo ?
This is an exceedingly distinct species, more nearly approaching B. Finlay-
soniana than any of the other Peninsular species, but amply distinct in the shape
and colour of its flowers, the smaller size of its pods, the pubescence on its leaves
beneath; also in the shape of the leaves and the type of nervation. Beccari n.
835, from Borneo, of which however there are only 2 leaves and one flower at.
Calcutta, appears to be the sane.
18. Bavnrnia Finnaysontana Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5801. A large
climber, over 100 feet long, branches slender glabrous, tendrils few
circinate glabrous. Leaves slightly cordate at base, oblong, narrowed
rather suddenly from above the middle to an obtuse or emarginate or
acute point; about twice as long as broad, 3-5 in. long, 1°5-2°5 in.
across, rigidly coriaceous, medium-green, glabrous on both surfaces, 5-
(rarely 3-) nerved; petiole ‘3-4 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in rather
lax, terminal corymbs 3-4 in. long, 2-3 in. across; pedicels closely rusty-
pubescent, erecto-patent, the lowest 1 in. long; bracts lanceolate, *15 in.
long, deciduous; buds clove-shaped, the subcylindric base rather shorter _
than the ovoid-acute upper portion. Calyx densely rusty-tomentose,
limb splitting into subequal ovate-acute lobes °25 in. long, ‘2 in. across ;
tube subcylindric, ‘2 in long. Petals subequal, creamy-white or pale
yellow, orbicular, distinctly clawed, ‘6 in. long, ‘5 in. across, externally
rusty-pubescent. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers shortly oblong. Ovary
densely pubescent along sutures and on the distinct stalk, style short
(‘15 in.), glabrous, stigma large peltate. Pod (not quite ripe) linear-
oblong, woody, 2 in. long, ‘6 in. wide. Seeds 4-6. Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 278. Phanera Finlaysoniana Benth. Pl. Jungh. 262.
PenanG; foot of Government hill, Curtis 295! PrErax; Scortechint
247! 1463! Kunstler 3589! Wray 2300! Drsrris. Siam (Finlayson).
Mr. Bentham describes this as having almost glabrous petals; this is not the
case in the Peninsular specimens. Both Mr. Bentham and Dr. Miquel doubt
whether it be more than a form of B. lucida; it is, however, extremely distinct from
that species and is much more nearly related to B. Kockiana Korth. (Verh. Nat,
Geschied. 87, t. 10), which differs mainly in usually having 3-nerved leaves and in
always having rather longer pedicels and a much longer calyx-tube, Dr, Finlayson’s
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 191
Specimens are said by Mr. Bentham to be from the Malay Archipelago, by Mr. Baker
to be from the Peninsula; we know, however, from Dr. Wallich’s correspondence
that the majority of Finlayson’s spevimens, more particularly those without any
definite locality, came from Siam. :
19, Bavntnra Wravt Prain. A shrubby creeper 15-30 feet long,
with slender glabrous branches and cireinate glabrous tendrils. Leaves
flexible, truncate very rarely cordate at the base, tapering from about
the middle to an acute entire, very rarely an obtuse emarginate apex,
rather longer than broad, 2-3 in. long, 1'25-1°75 in. across, mediuni-
green, glabrous above, glaucescent glabrous or faintly puberulous only
on the nerves beneath ; very uniformly 5-nerved ; petiole slender, glab-
rous, ‘5-6 in. long. Flowers im dense close-fid. terminal and axillary
racemes, 2°5-4 in. long, the lower flowers deciduous except the few that
become fertilised, the remaining terminal portion corymbose 2°5 in. long
and broad; pedicels very slender, thickening in fruit, 1°35 in. long,
sparsely rusty as is the slightly nodose main-rachis, bracts subulate
‘2 in. long, very deciduous; bud clove-shaped, only °2 in. long, the
spherical minutely apiculate upper part in diameter equalling the length
of the slender cylindric base. Calya glabrous, tube *15 in. long, limb
splitting into 5 spathulate subequal lobes ‘15 in. long. Petuls pale
greenish-yellow, or white at length pinkish, broadly oblanceolate, long-
clawed, ‘6 in. long, ‘2 in. across, margins slightly wavy, sparsely pubes-
cent externally. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers shortly oblong. Ovary small,
3-4 ovuled, distinctly stalked, quite glabrous throughout, style -15 in.
long, stigma small peltate. Pod obovate to oblong-obtuse, tapering to
base, thin, woody, stipe ‘2 in. long, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. across, quite glab-
rous. Seeds 1-2, rarely 3, very much compressed, broadly ovate, *5 in.
long; ‘4 in. across, testa dark-brown, dull.
Perak; Kunstler 2238! 2466! 4049! 5243! Scortechini 1652!
Wray 1934! 2782! Senancor; Kunstler 8758 !
Very distinct frem any other Peninsular species, and by its inflorescence (in
which it most resembles B. integrifolia among the Phaneras) connecting Phanera with
Lasiobema, its small flowers approaching those of the latter section. It is extremely
nearly allied to a Bornean species (represented by Mottley n. 376 and Haviland n,
95) which differs in having deeply cordate leaves, in having quite glabrous pedicels,
and in having the petals, though similarly crenulate, larger and almost glabrous.
It is just possible that the Borneo plant may be the lost B. cordifolia Roxb.
20. BAvHINIA INTEGRIFOLIA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 90. A large climber
over 100 feet long, branehes slender rasty-puberulous, tendrils circinate
rusty. Leaves usually deeply cordate, always about as long as broad,
mostly 4-6 in. across and with a deltoid apical sinus ‘4-"6 in. deep;
the leaves in the region of inflorescences usually small 1°25 in. long, 1
in. across, not infrequently entire; the leaves on young root-shcots
192 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 1,
or seedlings paler and largex often 8 in. across, much broader than
long with an obtuse-angled sinus reaching nearly halfway down and
with divergent deltoid lobes 3-4 in. long; thinly subcoriaceous, bright-
green, glabrous and shining above, at times brownish underneath
especially on the nerves which are sometimes rusty-puberulous; nerves
11, very rarely 9; petiole glabrous cylindric thickened at both ends,
usually 1°75-2°25 in. long, upper petioles in inflorescence *25—'5 in.
only; petioles of young shoots and seedlings sometimes exceeding 4
in. Flowers in terminal leafy panicles a foot long, the individual
racemes dense close-fld., 3-6 in. long, the lower flowers deciduous
except the few that are fertilised, the remaining terminal portion
corymbose 3 in. long and broad; pedicels very slender, tlickening
in fruit, 15 in. long, spreading, rusty-pubescent as is the nodose
main-rachis; bracts very short, ovate-acute, sometimes persisting; bud
clove-shaped, ‘35 in. long, the cylindric base slightly shorter than the
ovate upper part. Calyx rusty-pubescent, tube ‘15 in. long, limb split-
ting into 5 subequal ovate-acute lobes ‘2 in. long. Petals 5 subequal,
bright-yellow passing with age to orange and brick-red, broadly obovate,
long-clawed, ‘7 in. long, ‘3 in. wide, margins slightly wavy, very densely
rusty-pubescent externally. Stamens 3 fertile, anthers shortly oblong.
Ovary 4-6-ovuled, densely pubescent, shortly stalked, style very long, ‘6
in., glabrous, stigma small peltate. Pud oblong, flat, woody, 7-8 in. long,
2°5 in. across, externally pubescent, stipe "15 in. long only. Seeds 3-5,
very much compressed, broadly ovate, 9 in, long *7 in. across, margin
deeply notched at micropyle; funicle flat triangular ‘5 in. long, ‘5 in.
broad at base, narrowing obliquely tothe hilum. Wall. Cat. 5780;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 331; Bak. in. Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 279. Phanera
integrifolia Benth. Pl, Jungh. 263; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 64 and Suppl.
286. |
Panane; Ridley 13860! 5023! Prnanea; Wallich 5780B:! Curtis
300! 500! 501! Prov. Wetusstey; Kunstler 1608! Perak; Scortechini
98! 515! 1174! Kunstler 819 ! 964! 3585! 3947! 4897! 5538! Wray
46! Manacca; Maingay 541! 544! Hullett 89! Hervey! Derry 6! 76!
484! 1118! Holmberg 850! 866! Goodenough 1276! 1672! Dtsrrts.
Sumatra.
Like B. Wrayi this species serves to connect Phanera with Lasiobema In
Perak, Mr. Wray informs us, the Malay name of this species is Dadau; he says
that string and rope are made from the inner bark. Dr. Jack, on the other hand
limits the name Dadaub,in Sumatra, to his B. emarginata. In Malacca there appears
to be some dubiety as to the Malay name of the species, the following being those
noted :—Akar Katop-Katop (Derry, 1118; Holmberg, 866; Goodenough, 1276) :
Akar tipak kuda merah (Goodenough, 1672): Sarau (Holmberg, 850): Panga Saraw
(Derry, 484).
1897.) G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 193
21. BavHINiA GLABRIFOLIA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 281. A
slender climber 50-80 feet long, stem L'5 in. in diam., branchlets slender
at first grey-silky, tendrils few short, circinate, woody, sparsely silky.
Leaves truncate or shallowly cordate, very rarely deep-cordate at base,
gradually tapering to an acute point, towards apex of twigs entire, lower
down cleft at tip, with narrow sinus extending one-sixth to one-fourth
down and with narrow acute lobes; the leaves of young plants and
root-shorts bifid to the very base; rather longer than broad, 4-6 in.
long, 3-4°5 in. wide, light-green, shining, quite glabrous above, when
young pubescent on the nerves at length glabrous beneath; nerves 9
more rarely 7, in the quite 2-fid. leaves 3 or 4 to each lobe; petiole
1:25-2 in., glabrous. Flowers in terminal panicles, 8 in. long, 4 in. wide,
of numerous dense short-peduncled many-flowered corymbs 2 in. long,
1:25 in. wide, pedicels erecto-patent *35—'5 in. long, loosely grey-silky,
bracts at bases of corymb-peduncles 2, stipellar, ovate-acute, *15 in.
long, silky beneath, glabrous above, at base of pedicels solitary, lanceo-
late, persistent, ‘2 in. long, bracteoles about middlé of pedicels 2, sub-
opposed, subulate, ‘15 in. long; buds clove-shaped, the spherical sub-
apiculate upper part longer than th narrowly cylindric base. Ovlyx
rather laxly grey-silky, limb splitting into spreading subequal ovate
lobes with inturned tips, °25 in. long, tube ‘15 in. long. Petals small
white, obovate, clawed, ‘3 in. long, densely grey-silky outside. Stamens
3 fertile, anthers very shortly oblong, filaments white slender glabrous,
‘5 in. long. Ovary densely silky especially along sutures, distinctly
stalked, style glabrous slender, °2 in. long, stigma small. Pod (young)
with silky sutures and glabrous valves; stipe *25in.long. Buwhinia
diptera Blume ex Miq. Anal. Ind. I, 12. B. piperifolia Kurz, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. XLV, 2, 288 not of Roxb. B. anguina Kurz, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. XLV, 2. 288 not of Roxb. Phanera diptera Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
J, 70.
Perak; Scortechint 316! 1512 (spp. with distinct leaflets=B.
diptera Bl.) ! Kunstler 4511! 4511! 6170! Wray 3960! Prenane; Curtis
801! 1541! Distris. Tenasserim; Pegu; Borneo.
This is extremely nearly related to Bauhinia piperifolia Roxb. (Phanera glabri-
folia Benth.) and has, indeed, been united with Roxburgh’s species both by Mr. Kurz
‘and by Mr. Baker. It is however very easily distinguished by its stipelliform main-
bracts, not present in B. piperifolia ; its much longer persistent bracts at base of
pedicels ; its pedicels less than half as long, with a spreading, not adpressed, tomen-
tum ; and its densely woolly ovaries, those of B. piperifolia being quite glabrous.
The oldest name is Bauhinia diptera Bl. but as the term is applicable only
to young leafy root-shoots or to seedling plants and is quite inappropriate when
used in connection with flowering branches of adult plants, it seems much better
to neglect it. When Mr. Baker’s name is used, however, it has to be recollected
go. ue 25
194 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
that it is merely the name which one employs, and that this can be done only because
Baker has referred to his B. glabrifolia some Tenasserim specimens collected by Helfer
that differ specifically from the plant he describes ; both the diagnosis and the cited
synonyms of the Flora of British India must be altogether excluded.
§ 4, Lasropema Korth. Fertile stamens 3. Calyx with very short
tube and equally 5-partite or entire truncate limb. Pod dehiscent or
(B, anguina) indehiscent. Slender climbers with long narrow racemes
of very small flowers.
22. Bavuinta ANGUINA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 31. A woody climber
with slender glabrous branchlets and circinate tendrils. Leaves ovate,
base cordate, apex of upper leaves often entire, of the others very vari-
ably shallowly to deeply 2-fid, sometimes on young plants and root-
shoots quite divided to the base with more or less divergent and more
or less acumivate lobes; membranous, 2°5-5 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, bright-
green, Shining, glabrous on both surfaces; nerves 5-7; petiole 1 in.
long, glabrous. Flowers very small in many-fld. racemes arranged in
terminal panicles often extending into axils of upper leaves, 6 in. long,
as much across, individual racemes 2-4 in, long, ‘5 in across, pedicels
spreading, equal, ‘15 in. long, very slender, faintly puberulous as is the
main-rachis, bracts minute linear; buds small spherical, ‘07 in. in diam.
Calyx faintly puberulous, tube campanulate very short, lobes ovate 07
in. long, spreading. Petals oblanceolate, ‘12 in. long, puberulous exter-
nally, white. Stamens 3 fertile, filaments ‘lin. long. Ovary distinctly
stalked, glabrous, style slender ‘1 in. long, stigma minute. Pod thin
flat oblong, glabrous, indehiscent, 15-2 in. long, 1 in. across. Seeds
oblong, *6 in. long, *35 in, wide, only slightly compressed, long diameter
in long axis of pod. Cor. Pl. ITI, t. 285; DC. Prodr. IJ, 516; Wall.
Cat. 5773; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 328; W. & A. Prodr. 298; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 284. B. scandens Linn. Sp, Pl. I, 374 (as to Rheede’s
Malabar, not as to Rumphius’ Malayan plant.) Lasiobema anguinum
Korth. ex Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 71.
Matayan Pentnsona; fide Baker in Flora of British India. Disrrte.
India; Indo-China; Malay Archipelago.
Mr. Baker notes this as being from the Eastern Peninsula; no specimens have
been sent to Calcutta as yet. Dr. Miquel claims it also as a native of the Malay
Archipelago; from this region likewise, no specimens have as yet been sent here;
all those at Calcutta from the Archipelago belong to Lasiobema Horsfieldii Miq. This
latter form Mr. Baker has reduced to B, anguina and the writer agrees with Baker
in believing that the two plants are not specifically separable. At the same time
he considers it better to treat L. Horsfieldii as varietally distinct, on account of its.
much smaller pods which are only 1-125 in. long, and ‘5-’6 in. wide: Dr. Watt too
has, in Herb. Calcutta, proposed for the plant the name B. anguina vAR. Horsfieldit
Watt MSS. The point is here dwelt on because of the possibility that, when B.
angwina is again collected in the Peninsula, it may prove to be this Sumatra and
1897.] G. King— Materiuls for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 195
Java vAR. Horsjfieldii, and not the typical, larger fruited Indian variety, that is
characteristic of the region.
23. Bauatnia Curtisit Prain. A woody climber with slender very
faintly puberulous branchlets. Leaves ovate-oblong, base rounded, apex
divided at the tip into two short diverging deltoid lobes, sinus wide
rectangular, a few of the smallest uppermost leaves entire at apex ;
membranous, 2°0—4 in. long, 2—2°5 in. wide, bright-green glabrous on
both surfaces; nerves 5-7; petiole 1:25 in. long, glabrous. Tlowers
very small in terminal, simple, many-fld. racemes or panicles that extend
into axils of upper leaves, 4 in. long and as much across, individual
racemes 3 in. long, 1 in. across, pedicels spreading, equal, ‘5 in. long,
very slender, faintly puberulous as is the main rachis, bracts minute
linear ; buds small ovate-acute, *15 in. long. Calyx puberulous externally,
tube campanulate very short, lobes ovate-lanceolate spreading, ‘15 in.
long. Petals spathulate, glabrous, ‘25 in. long, clawed, white. Stamens
3 fertile, filaments ‘35 in. long. Ovary shortly stalked, glabrous, style
_ slender, -15 in. long, stigma minute. Pod thin flat, black, somewhat
flexible, slightly recurved, quite glabrous, 2°5 in. long, ‘75 in. wide, stipe
‘07 in. long. Seeds 3-5, not seen quite ripe.
Kepan; Langkawi, Trutow, Curtis 1682! near the lake, Curtis
2619!
Very nearly related to B. Championit Benth., from 8. China and the Eastern
Himalaya, which has similar but rather larger pods. The present species, however,
has longer pedicels, smaller buds, shorter calyx-lobes, ashorter stipe to the ovary
and pod. The ovary here is also quite glabrous as are the leaves beneath; in B.
Championii the ovary is somewhat silky, the leaves adpressed pubescent beneath.
It is easily distinguished from B, anguina by the longer Bee and pedicels. Mr. Curtis’
specimens have no tendrils.
24, BavHINIA STRYCHNOIDEA Prain. A slender climber 60-80 feet
long with stems only 1 in. in diam., branches slender glabrous, tendrils
few very small circinate glabrous. Leaves ovate-acute, base cuneate or
rarely rounded, apex entire; rigidly subcoriaceous, 3-3'5 in. long, 15-2
in. wide, bright-green glabrous, polished above, dull beneath ; nerves 5,
the outer pair very slender the inner almost as strong as the laterally
branching midrib with whose base they are us sually more or less con-
fluent; petiole ‘75 in., glabrous. Jlowers small, in many-fid. racemes
Beanies | in terminal raat extending into axils of upper leaves, 8-12
in. long, 4-6 in. across, individual racemes 6-10 in. long, 2 in. wide,
pedicels spreading, equal, -75 in. long, very slender, glabrous as is the main
rachis, bracts minute linear; buds small, obovoid, ‘2 in. long, Calya
glabrous, tube campanulate very short, limb wide-campanulate *2 in. long
and as much across, the entire margin truncate with 5 minute: projec-
tions representing calyx tips. Petals spathulate, quite glabrous externally,
196 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
slightly puberulous within along midrib, the upper rather longer sub:
acute, the others obtuse *35 in. long, light-red, spreading. Stamens 3
fertile, filaments ‘3 in. long. Ovary very shortly stalked, densely pubes-
cent, style ‘2 in. long, stigma large peltate. Pod thin flat densely
velvety, 3-5 in. long, 2 in. across, valves nig stipe very short. Seeds
3-5, ovate, dark-brown, 1 in. long, ‘6 in. across. !
Perak; Kunstler 5914! 7054! Scortechini! Suiawcon 5 Kwala Lani-
par, “ top dt the cave,” Kelsall 1971!
ix very remarkable species at once distinguished from any of the other Malayan
ones by its leaves, which have the nervation of a Strychnos; and from all the hitherto —
known species by its truncate entire calyx. It might on this account be perhaps
treated as the type of a new section. As regards fruit it might be placed in the
section Phanera; as regards its other characters it agrees better with Lasiobema
in which it is now placed.
48: CYNOMETRA Linn.
Erect unarmed trees. Leaves with few coriaceous odd-pinnate
leaflets. Flowers copious, minute, in axillary corymbs or racemes.
Calyx with a very short tube and subbasal disc ; divisions 4-5, oblong,
imbricated. Petals 5, oblanceolate, equal, not exserted. Stamens 10, or
in ©. polyandra indefinite, filaments erect, free, filiform, exserted.;
anthers small, oblong, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary sessile
or short-stalked, 2-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma capitate. Pod turgid,
oblique-oblong, with very thick indehiscent, usually rngose, tough, some-
what fleshy valves. Seed exalbuminous, central, filing up the cavity.
Distris. Species 20, spread everywhere in the tropics,
Stamens 10 (§ Lucynometra) ; leaf-rachis glabrous :—
Flowers on stem and thick branches: in racemes with a
produced axis; pedicels glabrous’ (leaves 1-jugate) .. IL. C. cauliflora.
Flowers among the leaves in racemes or corymbs without a
produced axis; pedicels puberulous :—
Corymbs laxly umbelliform, bracts small very deciduous ;
pods rugose; leaves 1-2-jugate .. she .. 2. C. ramiflora.
[ Leaves 1-jugate tes .e- SUBSP. genuina ;
Leaves 2-jugate sue .. BSUBSP. bijuga ;
End-leaflets acute much exeeed-
ing basal pair i --» WAR. heterophylea,.
End-leaflets obtuse oo dly ex-
ceeding basal pair ... «se ~=VAR. mimosoides. |
Racemes dense subspicate, bracts subpersistent ; pod
smooth ; leaves 3-jugate vee a «. 3. C. inaequali-
folia.
Stamens 40-60 (§ Pseudocynometra) ; leaf-rachis puberulous ;
(flowers in axillary corymbs ; pedicels puberulous) - 4 ©, polyandra.
| Pod smooth oes ws VAR, typiea ;
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 197
Pod very rugose, leaflets consider-
ably larger a VAR. ?P Kurzii. |
§ 1. Evcynometra, Stamens 10.
1. Cynometra cAuLIFLoRA Linn. Sp. Pl. 382, A shrub or small
tree 8-16 feet high. Leaves even-pinnate, leaflets 1-jugate with petiole
under ‘2 in. long or occasionally with one of the leaflets abortive,
dimidiate-oblong to subfalcate-oblong, subsessile, 2-3 in. long, *75-1°5
in. wide, base cuneate, apex acute or subacute slightly notched, sub-
coriaceous, dark-green, glabrous on both surfaces, slightly shining above,
lateral nerves few ascending not very prominent beneath, not visible
above. Flowers in small elongated sessile racemes, *5—2 in. long, occa-
sionally reduced to very short 2-3-fid. stalklets or to single flowers,
clustered, rarely solitary, on rugose nodes on the stem, the bracts small
concave-ovate, persistent, ‘05 in. long, glabrous, pedicels ‘2 in. long, slender
glabrous, with small concave-ovate basal bracteoles, ‘05in. long. Calyx-
tube very short, lobes 5, lanceolate, white, ‘15 in. long. Petals linear, ‘15
in, long, white or pink. Stamens.10, filaments ‘2 in. long, slender, glab-
rous. Ovary glabrescent, shortly stipitate, oblique; ovules 2. Pod thick
and fleshy, oblong to irregularly globose, apiculate, glabrous, 1-2 in.
long, edible. DC. Prodr. II, 509; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Wall. Cat.
5816 A, B; W. & A. Prodr. 293; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 77; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 268.
Mauacca; fide Baker. Distrts. Cultivated occasionally in India
and in our area; generally in the Malay Archipelago.
2. CYNOMETRA RAMIFLORA Linn. Sp. Pl. 382. A medium-sized,
spreading, sea-coast tree, 20-30 feet high. Leaves even-pinnate ; leaflets
l-jugate with petiole under ‘2 in. long, or 2-jugate with rachis 1:25-2 in.
long, the lowest pair always slightly, often much, smaller than the
terminal, obliquely obovate-cblong to subfalcate-oblong, subsessile,
4-5 in. long, *25-2°5 in. wide, base obliquely cuneate, apex obtuse or
shortly bluntly acuminate, coriaceous, dark-green, glabrous on both
surfaces, shining above, lateral nerves numerous, spreading, rather dis-
tinct. Flowers in small subumbellate corymbs on small branches above
the axils of fallen leaves, ‘3-°6 in. long, the bracts small ovate, the outer
‘15-2 in. in diam., very deciduous, pedicels ‘3-5 in. long, very slender,
finely puberulous, with small lanceolate basal bracteoles. Calyx-tube
very short, lobes 5, ovate-lanceolate, white, ‘12 in. long. Petals white,
linear-lanceolate, ‘15 in. long, much narrower than sepals. Stamens 10,
filaments slender, ‘25 in. long, glabrous ; anthers versatile. Ovary den-
sely pubescent, subsessile, very oblique ; ovules 2. Pod fleshy, strongly
wrinkled, irregularly oblong or ovoid with a thick terminal fleshy tip,
‘5S in. long, “4 in. broad and nearly as thick. Seed oblong, 4 in. long, ‘3
198 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
in. wide, ‘2 in. thick. Lamk. Encyc. Meth. II, 240; DC. Prodr. IT,
509; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 267. }
Sussp. genuina; leaves 1-jugate, leaflets subfalcate-oblong, shortly
bluntly acuminate. ©. ramiflora Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1,78. C. ramiflora
var. a W. & A. Prodr. 293.—Rumph. Herb. Amboin. I, t. 63; Lamk.
Ill. t. 331 f. 2.
Not reported from our area. Distrip. Java, Horsfield 146 (erro-
neously distributed as C. bijuga)! Ceram, Teysmann 1961 (erroneously
distributed as C. cauliflora)! Amboina, Rumphius (icon.)! Teysmann
5528 !
Sussp. biguga ; leaves 2-jugate. C. bijuga Spanoghe, Linnaea XV,
201 (1841), name only. :
a. Var. heterophylla Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 97; terminal pair of
‘leaflets acute or shortly acuminate, larger than the basal pair. CO. bijuga
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 78. C. ramiflora Bedd. FI. Sylvat. t. 315, not of
Linn, C. polyandra Miq. Anal. Bot. Ind. I, 11, not of Roxb.
AnpAMANS; Coco Group, rare, Prain! S. Andaman coast, very rare,
King! King’s Collector! PERaK; Matong, on the coast, Wray 2503 !
JoHORE ; Skudai River, Hullett and King! Stycavore; Sungei Jurong,
Ridley 5891! Disrris. Ceylon, (Walker)! Sumatra, (Forbes)! Java,
Timor, Borneo.
B. Var. mimosoides Bak. in Flor, Brit Ind, IJ, 267; terminal pair
of leaflets obtuse, emarginate or retuse, hardly larger than the basal
pair; leaflets much smaller than in var. a. O. mimosoides Wall. Cat.
5817 (1830). O. ramiflora var. B. W. and A. Prodr. 293. Rheede,
Hort. Malab. IV, t. 31; Lamk, Ill. t. 331, f. 1 P (seems to show 1-jugate
leaflets only).
ANDAMANS ; very common in every tidal and beach forest, DisrTrip.
‘Malabar, Rheede (icon.) ! Ceylon, Wallich ( Cat. n. 5816 C in part ; mixed
with cultivated examples of C. polyandra from Madras and erroneously
distributed as O. cauliflora)! Sundribuns; Arracan; Martaban and
Tenasserim.
The three plants here included in C. ramiflora have been somewhat misunder-
‘stood by Linnzus and indeed by most subsequent botanists. That the plant of
Rumphius, here treated as suBSP. genuina, will have to be kept apart from the
other two asa distinct species in any careful monograph of the genus seems to
admit of little question. Though mentioned in many works as Indian, no one has
ever sent Indian specimens to Calcutta; the only authors who have actually seen
specimens that were not from the Malay Archipelago are Wight and Arnott,
Thwaites, and Trimen; the specimens mentioned by these writers in every case
came from Ceylon not from India. No one has ever sent it from the Malay
Peninsula.
It is tolerably certain that the two plants which form what is here termed
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 199
SUBSP. bijuga are not specifically separable, for some examples from the Andamans
seem intermediate between the two. There are, however, no specimens that serve
to link either of the forms with the 1-jugate suBsP. genuina, and it will always be
necessary to keep them apart as distinct—they are certainly very cantly distin-
guishable — varieties.
Var. heterophylla is also said to be Indian; it is, however, only found in
Indian gardens, though it does appear to be wild on the coasts of Ceylon. That var.
mimosoides occurs in India seems likely from its having been figured by Rheede,
though no one has ever collected it in Malabar again. It is, however, quite com-
mon in the Sundribuns at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal and extends from
that area down the eastern side of the Bay as far as Tenasserim and the Andamans ;
it has never been reported from the Malay Peninsula or Archipelago, where VAR.
heterophylla (C. bijuga Miq.) is the representative form. And just as the two forms
grow side by side in the beach forests of the Andamans, so they both occur on the
coasts of Ceylon, for a plant from Trincomalee issued by Wallich under 5816/C is
the same thing as his own C. mimosoides from the coasts of Burma. Wight and
Arnott, too, say that they also have seen specimens from Ceylon which are the
same as Rheede’s Malabar plant; there is no doubt that Rheede’s plant is Wallich’s
C. mimosoides,
In the event of suBsp. bijuga being treated as a “‘species” of which heterophylla
and mimosoides are only varieties, it must be noted that the name to be employed,
from the point of view of priority, should be Wallich’s, which is a decade anterior
to Spanoghe’s. But the adoption of Wa lich’s name will afford an excellent example
of the disadvantage of the modern craze that insists on a rigid adherence to the
laws of priority, Spanoghe’s name being so much the more suitable of the two.
3. Cynometra iInzQuatirouia A. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. 473.
A lofty tree 150-200 feet high; leafy shoots at first enveloped in im-
bricating bracts. Leaves even-pinnate, rachis glabrous 2-3 in. long;
leaflets 3-jugate, elliptic-oblong, base obliquely cuneate, inner side with
the lower third to two-thirds of margin straight, narrower than outer
with uniformly curved outline, apex subacuminate; rigidly coriaceous,
dark-green, glabrous and smooth on both surfaces, shining above, lateral
nerves 8-9 pairs very faint and hardly distinguishable from the secon-
dary reticulations ; sessile, 2—5 in. long, 1—1°25 in. wide, the lowest the
smallest. Flowers in subcapitately congested axillary racemes 1-1°5 in,
long, 1 in. wide, the closely imbricating bracts hard, striate, scarious,
broadly ovate, ‘25 in. across, pedicels puberulous, ‘20-3 in. long, with two
oblong membranous basal bracteoles ‘15 in. long. Calyx-tube very
short, lobes 5, narrowly obovate, imbricate, ascending, ‘2 in. long, white.
Petals 5, oblanceolate, white, ‘2 in. long, a little narrower than sepals.
Stamens 10, filaments slender, ‘4 in. long, glabrous, anthers versatile.
Ovary densely pubescent, shortly stipitate, very oblique; ovules 2. Pod
obovoid, thickly woody, obliquely obovoid, 2—2°25 in. long, 1'5 in. wide,
‘75 in. thick. Seed solitary, irregularly oval-oblong, 1°6 in. long, 1 in.
broad, °5 in. thick. Bak..in Flor. Brit. Ind. I, 267.
200 G. King— Materials fora Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Matacca; Maingay 589! Derry 893! Prov. Wet.estey; Tasek
Gelugur, Ridley 6981! Perak; Scortechini 2190! at Goping, Kunstler
6022! 6066!
§ 2. PseupocynomeTra. Stamens 40-60.
4. CYNOMETRA POLYANDRA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. A large tree, the
leafy shoots at first enveloped in imbricating bracts, the basal ones
searious ‘3 in. in diam., the inner membranous and reaching 2 in. long,
l in. across. Leaves even-pinnate, rachis puberulous 3-7 in. long; leaf-
lets 3-jugate, elliptic-obovate or oblong, base obliquely cuneate, inner
side with the lower half of margin straight, narrower than’ outer with
uniformly curved margin, apex subacuminate, subcoriaceous, dark-green
above, paler beneath, glabrous and smooth on both surfaces, hardly
shining, lateral nerves 7-8 pairs more prominent beneath than the
secondary reticulations, sessile, 2—5'5 in. long, 1-2°5 in. across, the lowest
the smallest. Flowers in sessile axillary corymbs 2 in. long, 1°5 in. wide,
the closely imbricating bracts hard striate scarions, broadly ovate, °3 in.
across, soon deciduous, pedicels pubescent, ‘6-1 in. long with 2 very
deciduous basal bracteoles. Calyx-tube very short, lobes 4, narrow-
obovate, imbricate, reflexed, ‘4 in. long, white. Petals 5, lanceolate, *4 in.
long, narrower than sepals, white. Stamens 40-60, filaments slender, °5
in. long, glabrous, anthers versatile. Ovary densely pubescent, sub-
sessile, very oblique ; ovules 1-2. Pod oblique, oblong, woody, 2—2°5 in.
long, 1:25-1°5 in. wide, smooth or rugose. Seed solitary, irregularly
‘oblong, 1°5 in. long, 1 in. wide, °5 in. thick.
Var. typica; pod smooth. C. polyandra Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Pl.
Coromand. III, t. 286; Flor. Ind. II, 372; DC. Prodr. II, 509; Wall.
Cat. 5815; W. & A. Prodr. 294.
PrnanG and Matraccoa; fide Baker. Distris. Khasia, Silhet.
Var. ? Kurzit; pod very rugose, leaflets rather larger. OC. cauliflora
Wall. Cat. 5816 E.
Penance; Jack (Wall. Cat. 5816 E)! Kurz! on Govt. Hill, “ Apl.
1890” and “ May 1893 ” Curtis! Perak; Scortechini !
There are no specimens of C. polyandra proper from Penang or Malacca in
Herb. Calcutta. The specimens of ‘“ vaR.? Kurzii,” which may possibly prove,
when fully represented, to be a distinct species, has been obtained in fruit by Karz
alone; all the other specimens are in leaf only ; its flowers are, so far, unknown.
49. Tamarinpus Linn.
A spineless tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowers im racemes.
Calyx-tube turbinate; disc produced above its base; teeth lanceolate
much imbricated, the two lowest connate. Petals only the three upper
developed, the two lateral ovate, the upper hooded, the two lower
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 201
reduced to scales. Stamens monadelphous, only 3 developed, the others
reduced to mere bristles at the top of the sheath; anthers oblong, ver-
satile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary many-ovuled, with a stalk adnate
to the calyx-tube; style filiform, stigma ‘capitate. Pod linear-oblong,
many-seeded, with a thin crustaceous epicarp and thick pulpy mesocarp.
Seedsexalbuminous. Onespecies, now planted everywhere in the tropics.
TAMARINDUS INDICA Linn. Sp. Pl. 34. A large unarmed tree with
spreading branches, 40-60 feet high, stem 2-3 feet in diam., the young
branchlets at first puberulous, elsewhere quite glabrous. Leaves even-
pinnate, 2°5-6 in. long, leaflets 10-20 pairs rather close, oblong-obtuse,
*35-1:25 in. long, ‘2-3 in. across, glabrous on both surfaces, medium-
green above, paler sometimes glaucescent beneath ; coriaceous, subsessile,
reticulate-veined ; stipules linear, early caducous. lowers in simple or
panicled terminal or lateral racemes 2-4 in. long, bracts concave, cadu-
cous, ‘25-3 in. long, obovate-elliptic, pedicels articulated under the base
of calyx, slender, ‘25 in. long, glabrous; bracteoles small with puberu-
lous margins. Calyx ‘5 in. long, faintly puberulous, tube narrowly
turbinate, ‘2 in. ; limb 4-partite, segments subequal, °3 in. long, ‘2 in. wide,
ovate-acute, entire, much imbricated, membranous. Petals 3, an upper
and two lateral, yellowish with pink stripes, obovate-oblong, subequal, *4
in. long, slightly exceeding calyx-limb, ‘25 in. across, slightly narrowed
to a short claw; the two lower petals replaced by small scales. Stamens
3 fertile, anterior, connate nearly half their length, alternating with
rudimentary bristle-like staminodia ; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary
stipitate, style rather short equalling the stamens; stigma terminal,
obtuse, slightly thickened ; ovules 8-10 or more. Pod linear-oblong,
nearly straight, thickened, subcompressed ; 3-8 in. long, 1 in. wide, *4 in.
thick; outer layer of pericarp thin, crustaceous, scurfy; middle layer
pulpy, acid, traversed by fibres. Seeds 3-10, obovate-elliptic, com-
pressed, ‘6 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick; testa thick shining, sides
areolate. DC. Prodr, II, 488; Roxb. Flor. Ind. III, 215; Wall. Cat.
5824; W.& A. Prodr. 285; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 82; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 273; Oliver, Flor. Trop. Africa, III, 307. 1’. occidentalis
Gaertn. Fruct. II, 310, t. 146; DC. Prodr. II, 488. 2. wmbrosa Salish.
Prodr. 323. T. officinalis Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4563.
AnpamMANs; Great Coco Island, introduced by the sea, not planted,
Prain! Kepan; ‘growing wild at the top of limestone hills,” Kunstler ~
1728! Senangor; “in dense old jungle,” Kunstler 8613! Disrris,
Planted throughout the tropics ; believed by Oliver to be truly indige-
nous in Africa.
50. Srnpora Maiq.
Unarmed lofty trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets few rigidly
J. u. 26
202 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
coriaceous. Flowers small, panicled. Calyx with a very short tube and
basal disc; segments 4, valvate or very slightly imbricated. Petal 1,
the size and shape of the upper calyx-segment. Stamens 10, the upper
free and without anther, the others declinate shortly monadelphous,
hirsute, unequal, the two nearest the free staminode always fertile,
rather larger than the rest which are alternately short and long and
may casually have sterile anthers or none; anthers oblong, versatile,
dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-5-ovuled, short-stalked, pubescent ;
style long, filiform, circinate, stigma small terminal capitate. Pod more
or less oblique, broadly rounded-oblong, dehiscent, the valves flat, hard
and woody, armed or not all over the face with straight, conical, firm
prickles. Seeds usually 2, rarely 3-5, with a hard shining testa and
resting on the cupshaped apex of a thick obconic arillate funiculus.
Species 9; eight Malayan, one Cambodian.
The earliest publication of any species of this genus was in Rumphiaus, Herb.
Amboin. II, t. 13. It thus forms, by citation, a part of the genus Gaiedwpa Lamk,
(Encyc. Meth. H, 594 [1786]); it is not, however, covered by the description of
Galeduwpa indica given by Lamarck; that description applies only to the Pongam of
Rheede (Hort. Malab. VI, t.3), now known as Pongamia glabra Vent. As this
latter name is validly established—Rheede’s genus having been published by Adanson
as Pongam, before it was mistaken by Lamarck for Galedupa—it may be one day .
found necessary to restore Lamarck’s name Galedupa indica and restrict it to
Rumphius’ Caju Galedupa. In any case Galedupa is the generic name first applied
to, and therefore, by the modern canons, the one that should be used for what is at
once Sindora Miq., Echinocalye Benth., and Grandiera Lefevre. The writer, be it
understood, is of those who consider our modern priority-hunting to be frequently
unwise; this consideration will probably be shared by sober-minded students who,
after reading what is said here and what has been already said under Pongamia,
may take the tronble to examine the treatment that adepts in the art are prepared
to accord the names now under discussion.
The genus is not a member of the tribe Cynometree but of the Amherstiex,
where it has to be placed close to the genera Pahudia Miq. and Afzelia Linn, Pahudia
is in fact almost exactly intermediate between Sindora and Afzelia since it combines
the thinner leaves and the much imbricated sepals of the latter, with almost the pod
and exactly the seeds of the former. The stamens in both Pahudia and Sindora are
similarly united in a sheath, but there is the curious difference that the two nearest
the fissure are abortive and represented by bristles on the tube in Pahudia, whereas
in Sindora these are fully developed and in some of the species are at times the only
fertile stamens present.
Pods armed on the face with strong straight prickles
(unknown in S. velutina) ; leaves puberulous or pubescent
beneath :—
Pods subequally rounded at base, style and beak at
opposite ends of its long axis; rachis of raceme straight
with spirally-set bracts and flowers :—
Stipules large foliaceous ; calyx-lobes with a few spines
outside in their upper third ius we 1. 8. Wallichiana.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 203
Stipules inconspicuous; calyx-lobes rather densely
spinescent outside in their upper two-thirds uw. 2. 8. Echinocalya.
Pods obliquely rounded at base, beak projecting laterally
at right angles to direction of stalk (unknown in S. velu-
tina) ; rachis of raceme zig-zag with subdistichonsly -set
bracts and flowers :—
Leaflets 3-jugate, puberulous beneath; calyx-lobes
slightly spinescent in their upper third outside -.. 8. &. intermedia.
Leaflets 5-6-jugate, densely pubescent beneath ; calyx-
lobes not spinescent . . 4. &. velutina.
' Pods unarmed; leaves glabrous panei ; Gia subequally
~ rounded at Kade, calyx-lobes not spinescent) ... ws OO. W. coriacea.
1. Srypora Watticniana Benth. A large tree with slightly rusty-
pubescent branchlets. Leaves equally pinnate with puberulous rachis
4—6 in. long, stipules very large foliaceous semi-lunar sub-intrapetiolar,
‘6 in. long, acute at apex, rounded auriculate at base, pubescent on both
sides; leaflets 3-jugate, oblong, apex round or acute, base round or
cuneate, 1*5-3°25 in. long, 1 in. wide, the lowest pair slightly the
smallest, very coriaceous, shining glabrous above, dull uniformly pubes-
cent beneath, nerves numerous close horizontal slightly irregular, faint
beneath not visible above, petiolules °2 in. long, puberulous. Flowers in
axillary and terminal lax panicles 6-8 in. long, 5-6 in. wide, individual
racemes 3-4 in. long with straight pubescent rachis, flowers spirally
arranged, bracts broadly ovate-obtuse, ‘4 in. long, densely pubescent
beneath, sparsely puberulous above, pedicels 35 in. long, with two ovate-
lanceolate bracteoles, ‘2 in. long, at the apex; buds oblong densely pubes-
cent, ‘4 in. long. Calyz-tube short, lobes 4, thick, ‘25 in. long, densely
strigose within, ovate-acute, valvate, sparingly spinescent externally in
the upper third. Petal 1, as long as the calyx-lobes, inside densely
hairy. Staminal-sheath and filaments declinate pubescent. Ovary very
hirsute, style twisted, stigma capitate. Pod broadly oblong, subequally
rounded at base so that the short stout straight beak projects in the
direction of the long axis, 3in..long, 2 in. across; valves dehiscent,
puberulous, woody, uniformly armed on the outside with strong straight
conical spines 15 in. long. Seeds usually 2, with arillate funicle.
Sindora Wallichit Benth. in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 1018 not t. 1017 ; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 268 in part, excl. syn. Hchinocalyx Bth. and both
vars. Guilandina Wallichiana Grah.-in Wall. Cat. 5805. Galedupa
Wallichiana Prain MSS.
Singapore; Wallich 5805! Kurz! T. Anderson 41! Manacoa;
Griffith !
The Griffithian specimens referred to were given by Dr. Griffith to Dr
McClelland ; from his collection they passed into the Calcutta Herbarium under
Grithith’s original name ‘Cassia sp.’ They were afterwards examined by Dr, ‘I’,
204 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1],
Thomson, who referred them to the genus Schotia which is much nearer their real
position. They are very distinct, by reason of their less spiny calyx-lobes and their
large foliaceous stipules, from another Griffithian gathering from Malacca, first
issued from Kew as n. 1848 under the name “ Dialium ? sp.” and subsequently
made by Mr. Bentham the type of his genus Echinocalyz. When afterwards refer-
ring Grifith n. 1848 and Wallich n. 5805 to one species, Mr. Bentham, who apparently
had only Wallich’s specimens at his disposal, did not know that the Singapore plant
has large foliaceous stipules.
2. Srypora Ecurnocatyx Prain. A large tree with glabrescent
branchlets. Leaves equally pinnate with puberulous rachis 2-3 in. long,
stipules small; leaflets 3-jugate oblong, apex round or slightly acute, base
round or slightly cuneate, 1:25-2 in. long, *75—1 in. wide, the lowest pair
slightly the smallest, very coriaceous, shining glabrous above, dull
minutely puberulous beneath especially on the midrib, nerves numerous
close horizontal slightly irregular, faint beneath not visible above, petio-
lules ‘15 in. long, puberulous. Flowers in axillary and terminal lax
panicles 4-5 in. long, 2°5—-3 in. wide, individual racemes 1°25-1°5 in. long,
with straight puberulous rachis, flowers spirally disposed, bracts ovate-
obtuse ‘25 in. long, glabrescent above, puberulous beneath, pedicels ‘25
in. long, puberulous, with two oblanceolate bracteoles, 2 in. long, at the
apex; buds oblong, puberulous, *3 im.long. Calyx-tube short, lobes 4
thick, ‘2 in, long, pubescent inside, ovate-acute, valvate, rather densely
uniformly spinescent externally in the upper two-thirds. Petal 1,
pubescent internally. Staminal-sheath and filaments declinate, hairy.
Ovary very hirsute, style curved, stigma capitate. Pod broadly oblong,
subequally rounded at base so that the slender straight beak projects in
the direction of the long axis, 2:25 in. long, 1'5 in. across ; valves dehiscent,
puberulous, thinly woody, uniformly armed on the outside with strong
straight conical spines ‘15 in. long. Seeds 2, funicle arillate. Sindora
Wallichii Benth. in Hook. Icon, Plant. t. 1017, not t. 1018 and not
Guilandina Wallichiana Grah. 8S. Wallichii var. ovalifolia Maingay
MSS. Hchinocalyx Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1, 584. Gale-
dupa Hchinocalyx Prain MSS.
Matacca; Griffith 1848! Maingay 562/1 !
Nearest to S. Wallichiana but easily distinguished by its less pubescent leaves,
different stipules, and smaller flowers with more spinescent calyx.
3. SrypoRAINTERMEDIA Baker. A large tree, over 100 feet high, with
slightly rusty-tomentose branches. Leaves equally pinnate, with puberu-
lous rachis 4-6 in. long, stipules small; leaflets 3-jugate, oblong, apex
round or slightly acute, base round or slightly cuneate, 1'5—2°5 in. long,
1 in. wide, the lowest pair slightly the smallest, very coriaceous, shining
glabrous ‘above, dull minutely puberulous beneath especially on the
midrib, nerves numerous close horizontal slightly irregular, not very
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 205
conspicuous beneath, not visible above, petiolules *15 in. long, puberulous.
Flowers strongly scented, in axillary and terminal dense panicles, 4—6 in.
long, 2°5—-3 in. wide, individual racemes 2 in. long with suberect zig-zag
rusty-tomentose rachis, flowers subdistichous, bracts ovate-acute ‘3 in.
long, densely puberulous beneath, sparsely so above ; pedicels ‘35 in. long
rusty-tomentose, with two ovate-lanceolate bracteoles, ‘2 in. long, at the
apex; buds oblong densely pubescent, ‘4in. long. Calyx-tube short,
lobes "4, thick, ‘25 in. long, very densely strigose on the inside, ovate-
acute, valvate, sparingly spinescent externally in the upper third. Petal
1, reddish, as long as the calyx-lobes, densely hairy. Staminal-sheath
and filaments declinate, red with rusty hairs ; perfect anthers 9. Ovary
very hirsute, style twisted, stigma capitate. Pod wide-oblong, obliquely
rounded at base so that the small recurved beak projects laterally at
right angles to direction of stalk, 2 in. long, 2°5-3°5 in, across; valves
dehiscent, puberulous, woody, uniformly armed on the outside with
strong straight conical spines ‘2 in. long. Seeds usually 2, rarely 3-5,
with hard black shining testa, oblong, horizontal, °5 in. long, 75 in. across,
resting on a basal, arillus-like, thick obconic funiculus about °75 in. long.
Sindora Wallichii var intermedia Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 268. 9.
Wallichiit Scortechini MSS. not of Benth. Galedupa inlermedia Prain
MSS.
Panexore; Gunong Tungal, Curtis 1630! Scortechint 1064!
Mauacca; Maingay 562! Perak; Scortechine !
This is at once distinguished by its transverse pods from both of the species
placed under 8. Wallichiana by Mr. Bentham. Mr. Curtis gives the Malay name of
this in Pangkor as ‘‘ Sapetir.”
Two other species with similarly oblique pods are S. swmatrana Miq. and S.
cochinchinensis Baill.; it is just possible that S. velutina Bak. may prove to share
the character and to belong to the same group.
4, Srypora vevuTina Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 269. A large tree
with densely tawny-tomentose branches. Leaves equally pinnate with
sparsely pubescent rachis 5-7 in. long, stipules not seen; leaflets 5—6-
jugate, oblong, apex subacute or acute, base round or slightly cuneate,
2:5-3'5 in. long, 1-1'75 in. wide, the lowest pair rather the smallest,
very coriaceous, shining glabrous above, dull densely uniformly softly
pubescent beneath, nerves numerous close horizontal slightly irregular,
very faint beneath, not visible above, petiolules ‘1 in., densely pubes-
cent. lowers in axillary and terminal Jax racemes 5—7 in. long, 3 in.
wide ; individual racemes 2 in. long, with zig-zag densely tawny-pubes-
cent spreading rachis, flowers subdistichous, bracts ovate-acute, ‘3 in.
long, densely tawny-tomentose, pedicels ‘15 in. long, densely tomentose —
as are the two lanceolate bracteoles; buds oblong, densely pubescent,
‘4 in. long. Calyz-tube short, lobes 4, thick, ‘25 in. long, densely hairy
206 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
within, ovate-acute, valvate, without spines externally. Petal 1, as
long as calyx-lobes, densely hairy. Staminal-sheath and filaments
declinate hairy. Ovary very hirsute, oblique; style twisted, stigma
capitate. Pod not yet known. Galedupa velutina Prain MSS.
Matacca; Maingay 607!
Of this very distinct species the only specimens hitherto collected are Main-
gay’s. One of these has been very kindly placed at Dr. King’s disposal, for purposes
of description, by the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. There is no doubt
as to its affinity being greatest, as Mr. Baker has already indicated, with 8S. inter-
media, and though it isas yet impossible to say if the pod is marked by the presence
or absence of spines, it is very probable, from the obliquity of the ovary, that it
has a transverse pod like S. intermedia and 8. swmatrana.
5. Sinpora coriaceA Prain. A large tree with glabrous branches,
Leaves equally pinnate with glabrous rachis 5-6 in. long, stipules small;
leaflets 4-jugate, oblong, apex rounded or subacute, base round or slightly
cuneate, 2-3 in. long, 1:25-1°5 in. wide, the lowest pair rather the small-
est, very coriaceous, shining glabrous above, dull glabrous beneath,
nerves numerous close horizontal slightly irregular, very faint, petiolules
15 in. glabrous. Flowers in axillary and terminal lax panicles 8-10 in.
long, 4 in. wide ; individual racemes 2 in. long, with straight, thinly rusty-
puberulous, spreading rachis; flowers spirally disposed, bracts and
bracteoles not seen, pedicels thinly rusty, ‘2 in., buds oblong, thinly rusty,
25 in. long. Calyx-tube short, lobes 4, thick, ‘2 in. long, very faintly
imbricated ; spineless externally. Petal 1. Staminal-sheath and fila-
ments hairy. Pod broadly oblong, subequally rounded at base so that
the strong slightly recurved beak, ‘3 in. long, continues the direction of
the stalk, tip subobliquely cuneate, tapering abruptly on the dorsal,
slightly rounded on the ventral suture, 3 in. long, 2°25 in. across ; valves.
dehiscent, glabrous, woody, unarmed. Seeds 2-3, funicle thick arillate.
Afzelia? coriacea Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 275, Intsia coriacea
Maingay MSS. Galedupa coriacea Prain MSS.
Matacca; Chaban, Maingay 596! Ridley 2328! Pgnane; Tulloh
Bahang, Curtis 430!
This fine tree is said by Mr. Ridley to be the “ Sapetir” of Malacca; this
name, it will be noticed, is used in Pangkor for the nearly allied but quite distinct 9.
intermedia. Mr. Curtis says it is known in Penang as ‘“‘ Mirbaw;”’ the “ Mirbau”’.
of the Mainland, it will be observed, is Afzelia palembanica.
Of the specimens referred to, the writer has only seen leaves of Maingay’s, and
only fruits of Curtis’ and of Ridley’s gatherings. The description of the flowers is
therefore constructed from the characters stated and implied in the brief des-
cription of the Flora of British India. The number of stamens mentioned by
Maingay, still more their monadelphous nature, makes it certain that the plant can
be no Afzelia and goes to indicate that it is a species of Sindora; the fruiting speci-
meus sent by Mr. Curtis and Mr. Ridley show that this is really the case.
1897,] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 207
The leaflets of this species are exactly like those of S. swmatrana but the pods
differ in being much larger, and in being neither transversely twisted nor armed.
The pods both in shape and in the absence of spines resemble those of S. Galedupa
(Galedupa indica Lamk. Encye. Meth. II, 594, as to syn. Caju Galedwpa Rumph.
Herb. Amboin. IT, 59, t. 13) and only differ in being a good deal larger. The two
may indeed ultimately prove to be forms of one species.
51. ArzettaA Smith.
Erect unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with few pairs of
opposite leaflets. Flowers in copious terminal panicles., Calyx with the
disc produced to the top of the elongated tube; sepals 4, much imbri-
cated, slightly unequal. Petal only one developed, orbicular with a
distinct claw, the others absent or rudimentary. Stamens 3 perfect,
filaments long, pilose; anthers minute, oblong, opening longitudinally.
Pod large oblong flattish, sublignose, subindehiscent. Seeds exalbumi-
nous. Species 10-12; tropics of Old World. ,
Leaflets 4, rarely 2 :—
Pedicels and calyx glabrous a are . IL. A. retusa.
Pedicels and calyx puberulous... wo. 2. A. bijuga.
Leaflets 8, rarely 10 or 6; (pedicels and calyx phiceecselud: 9: 3. A. palembanica.
1. AFZELIA RETUSA Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLII, 2,73. Asmall
tree 15-20 feet high, stem 6-8 in. in diam. Leaves even-pinnate, 3-6 in.
long; leaflets 2- (very rarely only 1-) paired, sometimes only subopposite,
subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, oblong, base rounded, apex
obtuse, emarginate or retuse, 2—4 in. long, 15-2 in. wide, nerves numer-
ous fine spreading reticulate, petiolules distinct, ‘15 in. long, glabrous
as is the rachis. Flowers in numerous terminal simple rarely slightly
branched few-flowered glabrous racemes 2°5-3 in. long; pedicels
stout glabrous, °5 in. long, bracteoles ovate-oblong, glabrous, ‘2 in.
long, very early caducous as are the similar bracts. Calyx quite
glabrous, tube slightly dilated upwards, *5 in. long, somewhat exceed-
ing limb with 4 subequal oblong spreading lobes °35 in. long, °25
in. wide. Petal 7 in. long, limb °6 in. wide, ‘4 in. deep with rounded
waved apex and wide-cuneate entire base, white or pinkish, claw very
slender ‘3in. long; pubescent along claw and midrib externally, Stamens
3 fertile, Benin 1:25 in., sparsely pubescent, pink. Ovary stalked,
pubescent on lower suture, soon glabrous, style glabrous slender, 1°5 in,
long. Pod 5-6 in. long, 2 in. wide, oblong, rigid, curved, coriaceous. Seeds
orbicular, 1 in. in diam., ‘25 in, thick. Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. II, 274.
ANDAMANS; very common on all the coasts. Perak; Wray 2491!
Panekore ; Scortechini 975! Matacca; Griffith 1855! Srincarore; Ridley
4675! 6006! Distris. Gangetic Delta.
_ Very nearly related to A. bijuga and perhaps only a variety of that species.
oo
208 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Mr. Baker attributes to this, just as Mr. Kurz does to A. bijuga, the occasional
presence of 3 pairs of leaflets; none of the numerous specimens at Calcutta have
more than two pairs of leaflets.
2. Arzexia BIJUGA A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Explor. Exped. 467, t.51. An
erect tree reaching 50 feet in height, 1-1‘5 feetin diam. Leaves even-
pinnate, 3-6 in. long; leaflets 2-(very rarely only 1-) paired sometimes |
only subopposite, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, oblong, base
slightly oblique wide-cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse or bluntish acumi-
nate emarginate, 2-4 in. long, 15-2 in. wide, nerves numerous fine
spreading reticulate, petiolules distinct ‘15 in. long, glabrous as is the
rachis. Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal corymbose pubescent
panicles 6 in. long, 4in. wide, the individual racemes 1:5—2 in. long ;
pedicels slender puberulous ‘6 in. long, jointed, 2-bracteolate under the
calyx, bracteoles oblong puberulous *1 in. long, bracts oblong ‘1 in. long
caducous. Calyx puberulous, tube cylindric ‘3 in. long, rather shorter
than limb with 4 subequal oblong spreading lobes °35 in. long, °26 in.
wide. Petal’6 in. long, limb ‘5 in. wide, °35 in. deep, with rounded waved
apex and wide cuneate entire base, white or pink, claw very slender, ‘25
in. long ; pubescent along claw and midrib externally. Stamens 3 fertile,
filaments 1°25 in., sparsely pubescent, pink. Ovary stalked, pubescent on
both sutures, exserted, style glabrous slender, 1:5°in. long. Pod 6-8 in.
long, 2°5 in. wide, oblong, rigid, thickly coriaceous. Seeds orbicular | in.
across, ‘25 in. thick. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 274. Intsia amboinensis
Thouars Gen. Nov. Madag. 22; DC. Prodr. II, 509; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
J, 80, all in part: Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 288. Baryzylum rufum
Lour. Fl. Coch. Chin. 266 in part. Macrolobiwm bijugum Colebr. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. XII, 359, t. 17. Outea biguga DC. Prodr. II, 511;
Wall. Cat. 5823. Metrosideros amboinensis Rumph. Herb. Amboin. III,
21 (in part) t. 10. Jonesia triandra Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 220.
ANDAMANS; very common in all the coast forests, Kurz! Prain!
King’s Collectors ! Nicopars; Kamorta, Kurz! Sincarors ; Wallich (Cat.
n. 5823 B)! Ridley! Disrris. All coasts from Hastern Polynesia to the
Mascarene Islands.
In Mr. Kurz’s description of this species occurs the gtatement that the leaflets
may be at times in 3 pairs, and the same variation is indicated in Rumphius’ figure
quoted above. But the writer finds, as Mr. Baker does, that this species has not
more than 4 leaflets. Mr. Kurz’s statement is due to his having treated Andamans
specimens of Afzelia palembanica as representing a form of A. bijuga,
The synonym Intsia amboinensis only applies to this species in the sense in
which it is used by Miquel in his Suppl.: there is an authentic example of the
Sumatra plant so named by Miquel in the Calcutta Herbarium; it is a specimen
of Afzelia bijuga. The earlier use of the name must be neglected, since it has
been made to cover Rumphius’ description. For, while it is clear that that des-
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 209
eription inchides this séa-coast species, it pri includes one, if not more than one,
inland species of far greater dimensions than this littoral tree ever attains.
Roxburgh’s Jonesiu triandra is not a Saraca but is this species,
3. Apzetia pALemBaNica Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 275. A tall erect
tree 100-150 feet high, stem 2-3 feet in diam. Leaves even-pinnate 6-8
in. long; leaflets usually 4- (very rarely only 3-, more often 5-) paired,
sometimes only subopposite, subcoriacecmp, cia on. both surfaces,
oblong, base slightly oblique, rounded or subcordate, apex obtuse or blunt-
ish-acuminate emarginate, 2-4 in. long, 15-2 in. wide, nerves numerous
fine spreading reticulate, petiolules distinct ‘15 in, long, glabrous as
is the rachis. Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal corymbose pubes-
cent panicles of few-flowered ‘racemes, 3°0 in. long, 2°5 in. across, the
individual racemes 1 in. long; pedicels slender, pubescent, *15—2 in.
long, jointed 2-bracteolate under the calyx, bracteoles ovate, pubescent,
‘2 in. long, bracts small ovate, ‘15 in. lony, caducous. Calyx downy,
tube cylindric 2 in. long, shorter than limb with 4 subequal oblong
spreading lobes ‘20 in, long, ‘2 in. wide, Petal °35 in. long, limb oblong
*25 in. long, ‘27 in, wide, margin uniform, claw ‘1 in. long, glabrous.
Stamens 3 fertile, filaments ‘75 in., sparsely pubescent, dark-claret
coloured, two sterile filaments at base of petal. Ovary stalked, pubes-
cent, exserted ; style glabrous, slender, 75 in, long. Pod 10-12 in. long,
3'5 in. wide, oblong, almost woody. Seeds wide-oblong, 1:25 in. long,
1 in. wide, ‘3 in. thick, A. biyuga Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. I, 412
not of Gray. —
Anpamans; South Point, Kurz! Prerax; Wray! Kunstler 4433!
7387! Scortechini 1839! Matnacca; Griffith! Maingay 565! Cantley
1670! Holmberg 776! DistRIB. Ben (Teysmann !). :
This is, according to Maingay, ‘‘the best Malacca timber tree ;”? according to
Scortechini it affords ‘the best timber in the Peninsula.’’ The Malay name, ac-
cording to Scortechini, is Mirbaw in Perak; Holmberg gives this as the Malacca
name also. In Penang however, according to Curtis, the name Mirbaw is used for
Sindora coriacea,
- While this speciesis Afzelia palembanica Bak., it certainly is not Intsia palem-
banica Miq., of which one of the original types is in Herb. Calcutta. That tree, as
Miquel says, has ovate-lanceolate leaflets (3 in. long by 1:25 in. wide, tapering to
an acute point), it has also large ovate persistent bracts, ‘3 in. across. It does not
Seem necessary to alter the name in this place, but ina monograph of Afzelia it
will be necessary to term the Peninsular species Afzelia Bakeri.
Mr. Baker has pointed out incidentally an omission in Mr. Kurz’s Forest Flora of
Brit. Burma: Kurz himself collected this species in the Andamans ; strangely no one
has met with it there again. He has, however, united it with A. bijuga and it is this
union that explains Mr. Kurz’s double error of attributing to A. bijuga pods a foot
long and leaves with more than 4 leaflets.
ok! pes e-1
210 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
52. Saraca Linn.
Erect trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate, ‘leaflets glabrous rigid sub-
coriaceous or coriaceous, in bud minntely stipellate, stipels very rarely
persistent, stipules large intrapetiolar scarious completely united, rarely
foliaceous partially free. Flowers in dense sessile paniculate rarely
simple corymbs on old nodes, or rarely axillary, with subpetaloid coloured
persistent or rarely decidous bracts and bracteoles. Calyx petaloid,
limb 4-cleft lobes imbricate subequal, tube cylindric crowned by a lobed
disc. Corolla 0. Stamens 2-8, exserted, with long filiform filaments and
oblong versatile anthers opening longitudinally. Ovary many-ovuled,
with a stalk attached to and produced beyond the disc, in most of the
flowers rudimentary; style long filiform, stigma minute suboblique
capitate. Pod flat dehiscent, rigidly coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous.
Species 16 or more; all South-Eastern Asiatic.
Leaves quite glabrous; stipules small at length scarious
quite united along their inner margins; stipels vanishing ;
flowers yellow, at length becoming reddish, in paniculate
corymbs :—
Bracts and bracteoles very deciduous, large where known;
(pedicels glabrous) :—
Leaflets 7-jugate, petiolules ‘4 in. long; calyx-lobes
shorter than tube, bracts and bracteoles very large :—
Corymbs subsessile, dense, subsimple ; pods over 3 in.
broad; (calyx-lobes more than half as long as tube;
stamens 4) if Sea .. Ll. 8. thaipingensis.
Corymbs in lax long- nedhiinited panicles ; pods 2 in.
broad :—
Calyx-lobes one-third as long as tube; stamens 4;
pod beakless.., cee 2. 8S. declinata,
Calyx-lobes half as long as tube; dtasuene 7-8 ; pod
beaked ae a .. & &. cauliflora.
Leaflets 2-3-jugate, petiolules “25 in. eng calyx-lobes
as long as tube; (corymbs in lax long-peduncled pani-
cles; pods 15 in. broad; bracts and bracteoles un-
known ; stamens apparently 7) “ee w 4 8. Kunstleri.
Bracts and bracteoles persistent, small; (petiolules not
exceeding ‘2 in.) :—
Stamens 7-8; (pedicels glabrous) :—
Leaflets 4-6-jngate, coriaceous; bracteoles amplexi-
caul, ascending ... 5. 8S. indica,
Leaflets 1—2-jugate, sitet tadelint igheicotid ist
amplexicaul, spreading 47 sve .. 6. SS. bijuga.
Stamens 3-4:—
Pedicels glabrous; ovary glabrous (leaflets 4—7-
jugate) see ik ... 7 SS. macroptera.
Pedicels puberulous; ovary puiboadin : —
Leaflets 4—7-jugate, corymbs short... «. 8. SS. palembanica,
1897.] G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 211
Leaflets 2-4-jugate, corymbs long Fe .. 9 S. triandra.
Leaves with rachis, petiolules and nerves beneath pubescent ;
stipules large foliaceous, united only in lower third ; stipels
persistent, flowers white in simple corymbs; (stamens 2)... 10. S. latistizulata,
: 1. SaRaca THAIPINGENSIS Cantley MSS. in Herb. Kew. A tree
50-80 feet high, with rather slender stem 6-15 in. in diam. Leaves
with rachis 16-80 in. long; leaflets membranous, strongly veined, 6-8-
paired, oblong-lauceolate, apex acuminate, base slightly obliquely wide-
cuneate, 12-16 in. long, 4-5 in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs,
dark-green, dull and glabrous on both surfaces; petiolules stout ‘4 in.
long, stipels caducous; stipules coriaceous at length scarious, usually
soon deciduous, the two united throughout into a convolute sheath for
the subsequent bud, when laid open narrowly oblong, 1 in. long, ‘4 in.
across, parallel-nerved and emarginate at the apex. lowers in dense
simple corymbs from old nodes on thick branches and stems, 3 in. lorg
and 3-4 in. across; peduncles aud pedicels glabrous, stout; bracts large
oblanceolate-obtuse, lowest 1°5 in. long, *3 in. wide, tapering from near
the apex to the narrow-cuneate base, decreasing upwards; bracteoles
2 oblanceolate, deciduous, *5 in. long, pedicels below bracteoles °3 in.
long. Calyx yellow at length becoming red, tube ‘8 in. long, less than
twice as long as limb of 4 oblong sepals, °5 in. long. Petals 0. Stamens
4 with a rudimentary filament, the filaments slender throughout;
anthers nearly twice as long as broad; filaments twice as long as
sepals. Ovary stalked, puberulous along sutures, elsewhere glabrous,
usually rudimentary ; style declinate. Pod purple when young, shin-
ing dark-red when ripe, 15-18 in. long, 3°25 in. wide, linear-oblong, con-
siderably curved, much compressed, stipe under ‘25 in. long, apex
beakless, straight on-lower, rounded on upper suture at the blunt apex,
more rounded on upper than on lower suture at the oblique base.
, Perak; Thaiping, Caniley 36! Tupai, Wruy 2448! Larut, Scor-
techini ! Kunstler 2249! 2768! Goping, Kunstler 4248! 6088! Matacca ;
Ulu Chembong, Derry 999! Bukit Tampin, Goodenough 1875 A!
Mr. Derry gives the local name of this as “ Talan;” Mr. Goodenough notes it
as ‘‘Gapis:’”’ consult also the note under S. cauliflora.
| 2. Saraca Decuinata Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 84. <A tree 20-60
feet high with rather slender stem 6-15 in. in diam. Leaves with rachis
12-24 in. long; leaflets thinly subcoriaceous, strongly veined, 6—8-paired,
oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base slightly obliquely wide-cuneate,
9-12 in. long, 3-4 in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs, dark-green
shining above, dull beneath, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiolules thick
‘4 in. long, stipels caducous; stipules coriaceous at length scarious,
usually soon deciduous, the two united throughout into a convolute
sheath for the subsequent bud, when laid open °75 in, long, °3 in. wide,
212 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 1,
parallel-nerved. . Flowers in panicles of corymbs from leaf axils and
from old nodes on branches and stems, 1 foot long, sometimes nearly as
broad, individual corymbs 4-6 in. long, peduncles and pedicels glabrous,
stout, bracts very large ovate-acuminate, 2 in. long, ‘7 in. wide, tapering
from the middle to both ends, decreasing upwards : bracteoles 2, elliptic,
deciduous, ‘5 in. long, pedicels below bracteoles °5 in. long. Calya
bright yellow, tube 1 in. long, cylindric, slender, slightly curved, thrice
as long as limbof 4 obovate obtuse-sepals. Petals 0. Stamens 4 with a
rudimentary filament, the filaments slender throughout and inserted in —
the retiring angles of a 5-lobed disc; anthers nearly twice as long as
broad; filaments thrice as long as sepals. Ovary stalked, puberulous
along sutures elsewhere glabrous, most often rudimentary; style de-
clinate. Pod black, 12 in. long, 2°75 in. wide, linear-oblong, quite straight,
compressed, stipe under *25 in. long, base equally cuneate and apex
equally acute to the beakless tip. Jonesia declinata Jack, Malay. Mis-
cell. II, 7. 74; Walp. Rep. I, 844. .
PanAnG ;Tembeling, Ridley 2587! Prax; Kwala Kearing, Wray
544! Scortechint 1747! Larut, Kunstler 2729! 3961! 5393! Seranaor ;
Kwala Lampar, Curtis! Matacca; Nyalas, Goodenough 1720! Disrris. ;
Sumatra, Java. |
This species is said by Mr. Goodenongh to be “ Gupis Kognet” or “Talan
Kognet,” the same names as he cites for S. eauliflora ; see note under that species,
3. SARACA CAULIFLORA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 272. A tree
20-60 feet high, with rather slender stem 6-15 in. in diam. Leaves with
rachis 12-16 in. long ; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous, strongly veined, 5-6-
paired, oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base slightly obliquely wide-
cuneate, 9-12 in. long, 8-4 in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs,
dark-green shining above, dull beneath, glabrous on both surfaces ;
petiolules stout *4 in. long, stipels caducous; stipules coriaceous at length
scarious usually soon deciduous, the two united throughout into a con-
volute sheath for the subsequent bud,when laid open °75 in. long, °3 in.
wide,parallel-nerved. Flowers in panicles of corymbs from old nodes on
branches and stems, 6 in. long and as much across, individual corymbs
3 in. long, peduncles and pedicels glabrous stout; bracts very large,
obovate-acute, deciduous, lowest 2 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, tapering from
above the middle to a cuneate base, decreasing upwards ; bracteoles 2,
lanceolate, deciduous, ‘5 in. long, pedicels below bracteoles ‘5 in. long.
Culyzx yellow, tube 1 in. long, twice as long as limb of 4 oblong sepals.
Petals 0, Stamens 7-8 with a rudimentary filament and two acute
angular projections on the disc; the filaments alternately slender
throughout and widened towards the base; anthers nearly twice as long
as broad ; filaments twice as long as sepals. Ovary stalked, puberulous
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 213
along sutures elsewhere glabrous, usually rudimentary ; style declinate.
Pod black, 12-15 in. long, 2°25 in. wide, linear-oblong, somewhat curved,
compressed, stipe °3 in. long, base cuneate towards upper suture, apex
acute tapering towards lower suture which is prolonged into a stout
beak 1 in. long.
- Matacca ; antes Manga y, Derry! Goodenough! Perak; Scorte-
chint !
The local name of this species is said by Mr. Goodenough to be “ Gapis Kog-
net” or “ Talan-Kognet ;’? Mr. Derry notes it as “ Bunga Talan ? ”
How far the characters are valid that separate this species and S. thaipingensis
from §S. declinata is, in the writer’s opinion, a very doubtful matter. The chief
diagnostic character, in the case ofS. cauliflora, is the presence of 7 stamens and the
writer has accordingly placed in Mr. Baker’s species only those specimens where 7 or 8
stamens occur. These however consist of but two gatherings, one from Malacca and
one from Perak; for, as it happens, neither Maingay’s nor Griffith’s specimens that
form the original types of the species are represented at Calcutta. The pods des-
cribed were collected by Goodenough in Malacca and are placed here because they
certainly differ from the pods that are known to belong to the tree described as
8. declinata and from those that belong to 8. thaipingensis. But young pods of S.
declinata from Java are rather more like those here supposed to belong to S. cauliflora
than like those of the Peninsular S. declinata and a careful field study of the forms
by Malayan botanists is urgently called for. The species which Mr. Cantley has
named 8. thaipingensis has usually been distributed as 8S. cauliflora and it is, asa
matter of fact, of the three here described, the one that best accords with Mr.
Baker’s account of the leaves and of thecorymbs of his S. cauliflora. But S. thaipin-
gensis appears never to have more than 4 stamens and therefore can hardly be
Baker’s plant. If it can only be shown that the characters to be derived from the’
stamens and the pods are at all variable it may be possible to reduce both
Mr. Baker’s and Mr. Cantley’s plants to S. declinata.
4, Saraca Kunstieri Prain. A tree 20-40 feet high, stem 3-5 in,
in diam,, branchlets zigzag glabrous. Leaves even-pinnate, rachis 5-10
in. long, glabrous; leaflets: petiolulate large, 2-3-jugate, diminishing
downwards, ovate-acuminate, base cuneate, distal 8-10 in. long, 3°5-4 in.
wide, basal if 2 pairs-and central if 3 pairs 4—5 in. long, 2°25-2°5 in.
wide, basal if 3 pairs 3°5-4 in. long, 2-225 in. wide; all chartaceons,
dark-green above, rather paler beneath, glabrous on both surfaces,
main-nerves ascending, 6-9 pairs, more prominent beneath as is the
midrib and the fine secondary reticulation; petiolules ‘25 in. long.
Flowers in terminal long-peduncled paniculate corymbs, the peduncles
8-12 in. long, glabrous as are the branches 1-2 in. long, and the pedi-
cels. Calyz-tube and pedicels, especially the Jatter, very short, together
only ‘4-5 in. long; bracts not seen; calyx-lobes ovate-oblong °2 in.
long, glabrous. Corolla 0. Filaments 7, anthers not seen. Pod faleate
4—6 in. long. 1°5 in. wide, glabrous. Seeds 5-6, transversely ovate, *5 in.
long, *7 in. across, ‘25 in. thick, testa black, smooth, shining, crustaceous.
214 G. Ring— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Perak; Gunong Batu Pateh, 1500-2000 feet, Kunstler 8048 |
A very distinct species, apparently nearest S. Lobbiana Bak.; unfortunately
pood flowers are not yet available for description.
5. Saraca 1npicA Linn, Mant. I, 98. A low wide-spreading tree
20-30 feet high, stem 2 feet thick, branches glabrous. Leaves with
rachis 7-8 in. long, rachis glabrous, leaflets subcoriaceous 5, less often
6 rarely 4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate apex obtuse or acute, base rounded
or cuneate slightly oblique, 6-9 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, margins faintly
undulate, dark-green shining above, dull and paler beneath, both sides
quite glabrous; petiolules short *2 in. long very stout, stipels decidu-
ous; stipules small at first coriaceous, green, at length scarious, brown,
the two united completely from base to apex into a convolute sheath for
the subsequent bud, when laid open ovate-oblong ‘4 in. long, ‘25 in.
wide, parallel-nerved and minutely laciniate at the wide tip. Flowers in
dense corymbs 3-4 in. in diam., axillary; peduncles and pedicels red-
dish, glabrous, rather stout, basal bracts ovate-subacute with ciliolate
margins, bracteoles 2 subopposed persistent ascending ob!ong-spathulate
subacute.amplexicau], ‘15 in. long, pedicels below bracteoles ‘3-5 in,
long. Calyx bright-orange becoming at length red, tube ‘5—6 in. long, :
cylindric, about twice as long as limb of 4 obovate-oblong sepals. Petals
0. Stamens 7 or 8 with 2 rudimentary filaments, all filaments slightly
widened and slightly connate at base, reddish, anthers nearly twice as
long as broad, purple; filaments thrice as long as sepals. Ovary stalked,
puberulous along the sutures elsewhere glabrous, 8-12-ovuled, in most
flowers rudimentary and then quite glabrous; style filiform declinate
nearly as long as filaments. Pod black, 4-10 in. long, 1:7 in. wide,
linear-oblong, compressed, valves strongly wide-reticulate ; stipe °25 in.
long. Seeds 4-8, oblong, compressed, 1°5 in. long. Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 83; Bedd. Fl. Sylv, t. 57; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 271.
S. arborescens Burm. Fl. Ind. 85, t. 25, f. 2. Jonesia Asoca Roxb. As.
Res. IV, 355; FI. Ind. IJ, 218; DC. Prodr. 1], 487; Wall. Cat. 5822 ;
W.& A. Prodr. 284; Wight Ic. t. 206; Bot. Mag. t. 3018. J. pinnata
Willd, SpijPl]i 17,287;
Mauacea; fide Baker in Flora of Brit. India. Probably planted ;
the species has never been sent to Calcutta by any Malayan botanist.
6. Saraca BiJuGA Prain. A tree with spreading branches 20-50
feet high, stem 6 in. to 2 feet thick; branches glabrous. Leaves with
rachis 1 in. long, leaflets thinly subcoriaceous 2-, or not infrequently
1-jugate, oblong-lanceolate, apex gradually narrowed in the upper third _
to a sharp point, bases of terminal pair very oblique, rounded on lower
cuneate on upper margin, of lower pair rounded or subcordate on both
sides, 4-10 in. long, 1-275 in. wide, margins faintly undulate, dark-green
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 215
and shining above, dull and paler beneath, both sides quite glabrous ;
petiolules very short under ‘1 in., stout, stipels deciduous; stipules small
coriaceous at length scarious, completely united from base to apex,
narrowly ovate-oblong ‘6 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, tip subacute. Flowers
in dense corymbs 4-5 in. in diam., axillary, peduncles and pedicels
reddish, glabrous, slender, basal bracts ovate-subacute with ciliolate
margins, bracteoles 2 subopposed persistent spreading, ovate-obtuse not
amplexicaul, "15 in. long, pedicels below bracteoles ‘15-2’ in, long.
Calyx orange becoming at length light-red, tube ‘25 in. long, cylindric,
hardly longer than the limb of 4 ovate-obtuse sepals. PetalsO. Stamens
7 or 8, all filaments slightly widened and faintly connate at base, dark
claret-coloured ; anthers not much longer than broad ; filaments thrice as
long as sepals. Ovary stalked, very sparsely puberulous along sutures,
in most flowers rudimentary and then quite glabrous. Pod reddish-
yellow, smooth, polished, faintly reticulate, 6-8 in. long, 2°35 in. across ;
stipe ‘2 in. long. Seeds 4-6.
Perak; Larut; in open jnngle generally near running streams,
Kunstler 2749! 2382! 4059! Kinta, near limestone hills, Kunstler 7221!
Larut, Scortechini 1503! Batu Togoh, Wray 2152!
This is the nearest of the native Malayan species to the common Indian Saraca
indica; it is however very distinct on account of its 2-jugate leaves, its smaller
flowers with spreading bracteoles and its very different pods. Hlsewhere the writer
has indicated the possibility of this proving ultimately to be only a variety of the
not very fully described Javanese 8. minor Miq. But from Miquel’s account of that
plant this must be at least an exceedingly distinct variety.
7. Saraca macroptera Mig, Flor. Ind. Bat, I, 1080. <A tree 30-40
feet high, stem 4-6 in. in diam. Jeaves with rachis 4-15 in. long;
leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous 4—7-paired, oblong-lanceolate, apex gradu-
ally narrowed to an acuminate tip, base slightly unequally rounded,
5-12 in, long, 1°5-3°5 in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs,
-eurving forward, prominent beneath, bright-green shining above, paler
dull beneath; petiolules ‘15 in. long, glabrous as is the rachis, stipels
caducous; stipules completely united in a scarious bud-sheath °5 in. long.
Flowers in densely fascicled corymhs in leaf axils and on old nodes, 1 in,
long, 1°5 in across; peduncles and pedicels quite glabrous very slender,
the latter ‘25-3 in. long below the two ovate-oblong spreading persistent
bracteoles ‘15 in. long; bracts ovate-acute ‘1 in. long. Calyx bright-
- yellow, tube slender cylindric ‘25 in. long, exceeding the limb of 4 oblong
sepals 2 in. long. Petals 0. Stamens 3-4, twice as long as sepals,
filaments slender and inserted on the crenately lobed disc; anthers
short oblong. Ovary stalked glabrous. Pod not seen.
Perak; Larnt, in low wet ground, Kunstler 5511! Duigrris.
Sumatra, Borneo.
216 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
This is extremely closely related to S. palembanica but is readily distinguished
by its glabrous peduncles and pedicels, and its glabrous ovary. The solitary Perak
gathering differs from the original Sumatrana specimens (u. 863 Hort. Bogor’) in
having much smaller flowers, but is not otherwise distinguishable. It may, on the
whole, be better, however, to treat the Peninsular plant as a distinct variety, VAR.
parviflora; unless it should be found that the two differ markedly in fruit they can
hardly be looked upon as distinct species: as yet, the fruit is unknown in either plant.
8, SARACA PALEMBANICA Miq. ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 272.
A tree with spreading branches, 30-40 feet high, stem 8-10 in. in diam,
Leaves with rachis 8 in. long; leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous 4—7 paired,
oblong, apex obtuse shortly abruptly acuminate, base slightly unequally
rounded, 5-14 in. long, 2°5-4°5 in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs,
curving forward, prominent beneath, dark-green above, paler beneath,
rather dull; petiolules ‘15 in. long, glabrous as is the rachis, stipels
caducous ; stipules completely united in a scarious bud-sheath ‘5 in.
long. lowers in densely fascicled corymbs on old nodes, 2 in. long
nearly as much across; peduncles and pedicels pubescent, slender, the
latter *5 in. long below the two ovate-oblong spreading persistent
bracteoles ‘2 in. long; bracts ovate-subacute ‘2 in. long. Calya orange-
yellow, tube slender cylindric *35 in. long, exceeding the limb of 4 oblong
sepals 25 in. long. Petals 0. Stamens 4, at times only 3, two and a
half times as long as sepals, filaments slender and inserted in the retiring
angles of a crenately lobed fleshy ring, deep-purple as are the shortly
oblong anthers. Ovury stalked, densely hairy, in most flowers rudimen-
tary and then subglabrous. Pod not seen. Jonesia (Saraca) palem-
banica Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 291.
Penance; Kulang Ulu, Curtis 647! Pancxore; Dindings river,
Curtis 1386! MataccaA; Maingay! Dinvines Trerrirory; “in wet low
lands,” Bryant! Perak; Larut, “in low wet ground,’ Kunstler 6372!
Scortechini 138! Distris. Sumatra. .
This is very near S. macroptera Mig. but differs in having rather smaller flowers,
with pubescent peduncles and pedicels, and more densely clustered corymbs.
Miquel describes the ovary as glabrous, but it is densely pubescent except in the
case of the abortive ovaries which occur, however, in the vast majority of the
flowers. Though its leaves very much resemble those of S. macroptera, it is less
closely allied to that species than it is to 8. triandra, a species which is much more
common in the Malay Peninsula than either of the others.
9. Saraca TRrNnpRA Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 272. A slender
tree 15-30 feet high, stem 4-8 in. in diam. Leaves with rachis 15-3 in.
long ; leaflets thinly subcoriaceous, 2-3-, very rarely 4-paired, oblanceo-
late-oblong, obtuse with or without an abrupt acumen, or subacute,
tapering from beyond the middle to a cuneate base, lower pair very
rarely rounded at base, and narrowed towards apex; 5-12 in, long, 2-6
in. wide, secondary nerves about 12 pairs, the lowest pair distinctly
1897.]| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 217
marginal to half-way up, the others curving forward prominent beneath ;
dark-green shining above, dull beneath, glabrous on both surfaces ;
petiolules 15 in. long, glabrous as is the rachis, stipels caducous ;
stipules completely united in a scarious bud-sheath *5 in. long. Flowers
in lax fascicled corymbs in leaf-axils and on old nodes, 5-8 in. long and
broad ; peduncles and pedicels slender pubescent, the latter °75 in. long
below the two ovate-oblong spreading persistent bracteoles ‘25 in long;
bracts ovate subacute ‘2 in. long. Calyx yellow becoming pink or red,
tube slender cylindric, *25 in. long, about as long as limb of 4 oblong
sepals. Petals 0. Stamens 3-4, two and a half to three times as long as
sepals, filaments slender, inserted on a.crenated fleshy ring, purplish as
are the anthers. Ovary long-stalked, densely pubescent, mostly rudi-
mentary. Pod oblong, very obliquely rounded at base on lower suture,
obliquely obtuse at apex with lower suture projecting as a beak °25 in.
long; 4-6 in. long, 1°5-1'75 in. wide, much compressed, valves brown
when ripe, uniformly finely puberulous. Seeds 3-4.
Maracea; Griffith! Miller! Hervey! Goodenough 1463! 1478!
Maingay 563! Prrax; in dry rocky places, Kunstler 2188! 2757! 34%4!
3797! °3&86! 3912! 3957! 4507! 4517! 5563! 7912! 8516! 8561!
Ridley 3026! 3099! Wray 41! Scortechint 1143! 1675! Purnane;
Government Hill, Curtis 165! Dinoines; at Rajah Hitam, Bryant !
Distris.; Sumatra, (Moera Enim ; Teysmann 3638 !)
Mr. Goodenough gives the native name of this as “ Talan.’? The species is re-
markably closely related to S. palembanica and differs only by its larger laxer
corymbs and its fewer leaflets, and further investigation on the part of field-bota-
nists in Malaya may demonstrate that Mr. Baker’s species is only a form assumed in
dry localities by the tree that was previously described by Miquel as Jonesia palem-
banica. Both the synomyms of the Flora of British India should be deleted, for
Jonesia triandra Roxb. is Afzelia bijguga, while J. scandens Roxb. is, by Roxburgh’s
definition, clearly not this species and probably not a Saraca at all.
10. SARACA LATISTIPULATA Prain. A small tree with slender leafy
pubescent branches. Leaves 8 in. long, rachis puberulous, leaflets
rigidly coriaceous, 6 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base slightly
obliquely rounded, 4°5—6 in. long, 15 in. across, dark-green, dull glab-
rous above, pubescent on the midrib beneath and puberulous along the
margins, petiolules short, *15 in. long, pubescent, stipels small subnlate
persistent pubescent ; stipules large foliaceous each with a strong midrib,
ovate-acute, auriculate at base on their outer free margin, connate
between petiole and branch for one-third their length on the inner
margin, from ‘5-1°5 in. long, ‘25-1 in. wide, usually slightly unequal.
Flowers in very few-flowered cymes, sometimes reduced to single pedicels,
clustered on rugose woody nodes along thick old branches, under -75
in. long; with ovate-lanceolate persistent basal bracts and two sub-
oy IL. 20
218 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
opposite amplexicaul triangular persistent erect bracteoles midway
between bract and calyx-tube, pedicels and bracteoles puberulous.
Calyx white, tube cylindric ‘15 in. long, shorter than limb of 4 narrow-
oblong sepals, pubescent along margin at tip. Petals 0. Stamens 2 with
a rudimentary filament between them, opposite to and involved by the
inmost calyx segment; filaments widened at base and subconnate, pink ;
anthers nearly twice as long as broad, filaments twice as long
as sepals. Ovary pubescent. Pod oblong, obliquely obtuse at apex
with a rather pronounced beak, obliquely rounded at base, 2 in. long, ‘1
in. across.
Perak ; Dindings, Lumut, Ridley 3989! 8006!
A very remarkable species, easily distinguished from all those hitherto known
by its large foliaceous stipules, and its stipellate leaves with pubescent rachis. It has
been obtained twice, both times in the same locality, and on both occasions by Mr.
Ridley.
53. Crupia Schreb.
‘Shrubs or trees. Leaves odd-pinnate or spuriously even-pinnate by
the approximation of the penultimate to the terminal leaflet, the leaf-
rachis sometimes prolonged beyond the ultimate leaflet, the remaining
leaflets usually conspicuously alternate rarely occasionally subopposed ;
stipules interpetiolar, stipels 0. Flowers in racemes either terminating,
or simple or in clusters at the bases of, the glabrous or pubescent
new leafy shoots. Calyz-tube very short, with a short disc, seg-
ments 4 oblong, imbricated, persistent, reflexed in flower. Petals 0.
Stamens 10 (or 8-9) exserted, filaments free filiform, anthers oblong,
versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary pubescent, few-ovuled ; with
distinct short glabrous stalk and filiform inecurved glabrous style;
stigma terminal capitate, small. Pod with 2 rigidly coriaceous sub-
compressed valves. Seeds few, often only 1, exalbuminous. Species,
one each Indian and African; nine or ten American; about twelve
Malayan.
The oldest names for this genus, according to the Index Kewensis, are Aplatoa
Aubl. and Jowchiroa Aubl. As the first name was based on the flowers of one
species of this genus with the fruit of a Pterocarpus, it cannot possibly be used.
There seems nothing against the employment of the second name which was given
to a species of the group with few leaflets to the leaf-rachis — the group to which
C. bantamensis, C. gracilis and C. Wrayi, among Malayan species, belong,
Leaflets more than 3 (§ Crudia) :—
Leaflets coriaceous, very long caudate-acuminate, rachis
prolonged beyond the last of the oblanceolate, all conspicu-
ously alternate leaflets; (innovations and petioles densely
rusty-tomentose) TT; os koe .. 1. C. caudata.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 219
Leaflets papery, acute or shortly acuminate, rachis not
prolonged beyond the two terminal, often spuriously
opposite leaflets :—
Innovations and petioles pubescent, leaflets uniformly
puberulous or pubescent beneath; racemes rather lax ;
petiolules and pedicels rather long :—
Leaflets 11-13, lanceolate, pubescence tawny, pod
- densely rusty-pubescent ose ee. 2. O. Scortechinii,
Leaflets 7-9, obovate to ee pubescence grey, pod
tawny-puberulous... a} «. 8. OC. Curtisii.
[ Leaflets puberulous ahcehi apex
shortly acuminate ... eee VAR. typica;
Leaflets densely pubescent be-
neath ; apex acute ... ..» VAR.? Wallichii.]
Innovations and petioles glabrous; racemes rather
dense; - petiolules and pedicels rather short :—
Leaflets 7-8, glaucous, glabrous on the nerves, else-
where uniformly puberulous beneath .,.. oe 4. OC. glauca.
Leaflets 5 (rarely 3), pale-green, quite glabrons
beneath ats ane eee «628. OC. speciosa.
Leaflets 3 or by abortion at (§ Touchiroa) :—
Leaflets small oblanceolate, racemes dense with puberu-
lous rachis and pedicelled flowers... 6. CO. Wrayi.
Leaflets large ovate-oblong, racemes sparse with glabroles
rachis and sessile flowers... oii eos! Fe Cl gracilis:
1. Crupia caupaTaA Prain. A small tree with slender at length
glabrescent branches, and densely rusty-tomentose new shoots. Leaves
odd-pinnate, rachis 1‘5—2 in. long, petiole articulate, the interpetiolar
stipules united by their inner margins at the base only, elsewhere free,
lanceolate, densely rusty-pubescent on their petiolar, glabrous on their
axillary aspect; leaflets 5-7, petiolules 1 in long, densely rusty-tomen-
tose as is the rachis, which is prolonged beyond the last leaflet into a
subulate process ; alternate, oblanceolate, base rounded iu lower, deltoid
in upper leaflets, apex prolonged inte a ‘75 in. long, narrow-caudate tip,
25-4 in. long, 1 in. across, rigidly coriaceous, dark-green glabrous and
shining above, dull and densely rusty-pubescent on the nerves beneath,
lateral ‘nerves 6-7 pairs slightly ascending, looped within the margin,
secondary venation prominent beneath, all nerves obscure above. Flowers
in narrow racemes at the bases of new leafy shoots, with round densely
rusty-tomentose rachis, pedicels rather stout, under “25 in. long, densely
rusty with a subulate bracteole close under calyx; buds oblong ‘2 in,
long. Calyx-tube very short, lobes 4, imbricate, reflexed in flower,
densely rusty outside, quite glabrous within. Stamens not seen. Ovary
stipitate, densely rusty-velvety, l-ovuled, stalk glabrous as long as
calyx-tube. Pod (young) linear-oblong, obliquely rounded at base,
220 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
apex obtuse apiculate, compressed, 2 in. long, ‘75 in. across, valves
densely, shortly, subscabridly rusty-pubescent. Seed 1. Wouchiroa
caudata Prain MSS. |
Jonore; Tanjong Kupang, Ridley 6399! Distr. Borneo.
A remarkably distinct species, though recalling in some respects the description
given by Hasskarl of C. orientalis (Cat, Hort. Bog. 288). Hasskarl’s species has,
however, more numerous leaflets which are only rusty-pubescent on their margins;
it has also larger, 2-seeded pods.
2. Crupia Scorrecuinit Prain. A tree 80-90 feet high, young
branches tawny-pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate, rachis 6-8 in. long,
petiole articulate on an auricled node with an interpetiolar entire stipule,
leaflets 11-13, with petiolules -2 in. long, sparsely tawny-pubescent as is
the rachis, alternate, lanceolate, base slightly unequally rounded, apex
acuminate, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. wide, papery, green and glabrous above,
paler and pubescent with short sparse tawny hairs. beneath, lateral
nerves spreading, 12-16 pairs, not much stronger than the fine secondary
venation. Flowers in narrow racemes at the ends and bases of new leafy
shoots, 3-6 in. long, with angular tawny-pubescent rachis; pedicels
slender at length °4 in. long, tawny-puberulous, many of the lower cadu-
cous, minutely bracteolate about the middle; buds oblong ‘2 in. long.
Calyx-tube very short lined by a disc, lobes 4, imbricate in bud reflexed
in flower, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces. Petals 0. Stamens 9,
filaments glabrous, free, alternately short and long, anthers broadly ovate,
versatile. Ovary stipitate, densely tawny-villous, 1- or 2-ovuled; stalk
glabrous as long as calyx-tube, style glabrous incurved. Pod oblong,
obliquely rounded at both ends, densely rusty-tomentose, rugulose, 2°5
in. long, 15 in, across, flat. Seed 1, funiculus elongated. Touchiroa
Scortechinii Prain MSS.
Perak; Goping, Scortechini 2129!
A very distinct species.
3. Crupia Curristt Prain. A _ tall tree 80-150 feet high with
spreading crown and densely grey-pubescent branchlets ; stem 2-3 feet in
diam. Leaves odd-pinnate, rachis 3—4 in. long, petiole articulate on an
auricled node with an interpetiolar 2-lobed stipule, leaflets 7-9, with
petiolules ‘25 in. long, closely puberulous as is the rachis, alternate,
obovate to oblong, base slightly obliquely rounded or cuneate, apex
rounded or tapering to an at length bluntly caudate tip, 2-3-5 in. long,
1-15 in. wide, membranous, green and glabrous above, paler and
uniformly sparsely puberulous beneath, lateral nerves ascending pro-
minently looped within margin, secondary venation indistinct. Flowers
in rather lax narrow racemes at the ends and bases of new leafy shoots,
4—6 in. long, with angular densely grey-pubescent rachis ; pedicels very
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 221
slender, at length ‘6 in long, grey-puberulons, with a caducous subulate
bracteole about the middle; buds oblong +15 in long. Calya-tube very
short, lobes 4, imbricate, reflexed in flower, sparsely pubescent externally,
glabrous within. Petals0. Stamens 10, filaments glabrous, free, alter-
nately long and short, anthers broadly oblong, versatile. Ovary
stipitate densely grey-downy, 1- or 2-ovuled, stalk glabrous longer than
calyx-tube, style glabrous incurved. Pod oblong, obliquely rounded at
base, subequally rounded and apiculate at tip, rusty-puberulons, rather
distinctly reticulate, 3in. long, 2 in. wide, °5 in. thick, valves very firmly
coriaceous. Seed 1, oblong, 1°25 in. long, 1‘2 in. wide, °35 in. thick,
Touchiroa Curtisit Prain MSS.
Penance; Govt. Hill, 1200 feet elev., Curtis 3007! Matacca; Bukit
Sadanan, Derry 1164! Perak; Larut, Kwnsiler 7467! Thaiping, Kunstler
8514! Kinta, Kunstler 4753 !
Var. ? Wallichit Prain; leaf-rachis and leaflets beneath densely
softly velvety; leaflets acute, not cuspidate or caudate at the tip.
Leguminosa Wall. Cat. 5983. Ignota Wall. Cat. 8089. Touchiroa
Wallichit Prain MSS.
Penang ; Porter (Wall. Cat 5983)! Wallich (Cat. 8089) !
This fine tree is, according to Mr. Derry, known in Malacca as ‘ Kumpas
guman.’ Though very nearly related to C. glawea it seems to be quite distinct and is
easily separated by its longer petiolules; pubescent leaf-rachis, rachis of inflores-
cence and young leafy shoots; also by its rather smaller leaflets and pods. It is
likewise very closely related to C. speciosa but it has longer pedicels and a less
dense inflorescence than that species, which moreover has the leaflets quite glabrous.
_ The plant here tentatively referred to the species as var.? Wallichii occurs
twice in the Wallichian Herbarium, on both occasions without flowers or fruits. It
has never been obtained again and it is just possible that when it is re-discovered
it will prove a distinct species, C. Wallichit.
4. Cropia Girauca Prain. A tree 50-70 feet high, with spreading
_ glabrous branches ; stem 1*5-2°5 feet in diam, Leaves odd- (or some-
times even-) pinnate, rachis 2—2°5 in. long, petiole articulate on an
auricled node with an interpetiolar 2-lobed stipule, leaflets 7-8, with
petiolules -15 in. long, quite glabrous as is the rachis, alternate or
occasionally subopposite, oblanceolate-oblong, base slightly obliquely
rounded, apex rounded and at length abruptly obtusely cuspidate, 2°5—4
in. long, 1°25-1-75 in. wide, thinly papery, dark-green and quite glabrous
above, very glaucous glabrous on the nerves elsewhere finely adpressed-
_ puberulous beneath, Jateral nerves ascending, prominently looped one-
third their length within the margin, secondary venation indistinct.
Flowers in dense narrow racemes at the bases of new leafy shoots, 3-5
in, long, with angular glabrous rachis. Calyx not seen. Pod oblong
‘tapering subequally at base to a stipe ‘20 in. long, and at apex to a
222 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
short acute beak, closely tawny-puberulous, rather distinctly reticulate,
4 in. long, 2 in. wide, °6 in. thick; valves very firmly coriaceous. Seed
1, oblong, 1°5 in. long, 1°2 in. across, *4 in. thick. Towchiroa glauca Prain
MSS.
Perak; Goping, Kunstler 8175 !
This is very nearly related to C. Curtisii but differs markedly in having leaflets ~
very glaucous beneath, the leaflets being also rather larger and the petiolnles
shorter ; in having the leaf-rachis, petiolules, and nerves beneath glabrous; and in
having, as is shown by the scars on the rachis of the infruitescence, much more
densely flowered racemes; the pods also are larger than in C, Curtisii. Flowers
have not yet been sent. Of all the Malayan species, this is the one that most
nearly approaches the Ceylon C. zeylanica.
5. Crupia speciosa Prain. A handsome tree with slender pen-
dulous glabrous branches and glabrescent new shoots. Leaves odd-
pinnate, rachis 2-3 in. long, petiole articulate on an auriculate node,
with an interpetiolar 2-lobed stipule, leaflets 5 (rarely 3), with petio-
Iules ‘15 in. Jong, glabrous as is the rachis; alternate, oblong, base un-
equally rounded or truncate, apex abruptly tapering to a short acutely
caudate tip, 2—2°5 in. long, 1-15 in. wide, papery, dark-green above,
paler beneath, quite glabrous or both surfaces, lateral nerves spreading
slender, looped within margin, hardly more prominent than secondary
venation. Flowers in rather dense narrow racemes at the ends of new
leafy shoots, 6-10 in. long with round glabrescent rachis; pedicels
spreading, very slender, quite glabrous, ‘35 in. long, with a minute brac-
teole below the middle; buds oblong, °25 in. long. Calyz-tube very
short, lobes 4, imbricate, reflexed in flower, very sparsely puberulous
externally, glabrous within. Petals 0. Stamens 10, filaments glabrous,
free, alternately short and long, anthers broadly oblong, versatile.
Ovary stipitate, densely pubescent, 1- or 2-ovuled; stalk as long as
calyx-tube, glabrous, style glabrous incurved. Pod not seen. Touchiroa
speciosa Prain MSS.
PunGan ; “a very handsome tree with dark-green leaves and slen-
der pendulous branches ; growing in the Rajah’s Garden,” Curtis 2955!
Nearest to C. Curtisii and C. glauca but evidently quite distinct from both.
6. Cropia Wrayt Prain. -A small tree with slender glabrous
branches. Leaves odd-pinnate, rachis 1 in. long, petiole articulate on an
auriculate node, the interpetiolar lanceolate stipules united at their very
base only, glabrous as are the leaf-rachis and the petiolules, ‘15 in. long ;
leaflets 3, alternate, oblanceolate, base cuneate, apex acute or rounded
and shortly abruptly acuminate, 1°5-2°5 in. long, ‘5-1 in. wide, thinly
papery, pale yellowish-green, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves
spreading, 7-8 pairs, slender, looped within margin, secondary nexvation —
fine but distinct. Flowers in narrow dense racemes at the ends and
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 223
bases of new leafy shoots, 4-8 in. long, with angular puberulous rachis ;
pedicels slender ‘2 in. long, puberulous, bracteolate in the middle; buds
oblong, 15 in. long. Culyx-tube very short, lobes 4, imbricate in bud,
spreading in flower, faintly puberulous outside, glabrous within. Petals
0. Stamens 8-9, alternately long and short, anthers broadly ovate,
versatile. Ovary shortly stipitate, densely pubescent, 1- or 2-ovuled;
stalk glabrous equalling calyx-tube, style glabrous incurved. Pod un-
known. Touchiroa Wrayi Prain MSS.
Perak ; Larut, at Sungei on the plains, Wray 2874!
This is a member of the group of species forming the original genus Touchiroa,
to which C. bantamensis and C. gracilis, among Malayan species, also belong. But
C. Wray is easily distinguished from both the species mentioned by its very small
leaflets and its much longer pedicels ; the flow ers, except for having longer wie
are extremely like those of C. bantamensis.
7. Crupia Gracitis Prain. A slender shrub 6-8 feet high, young
branches glabrous. Leaves odd-pinnate, rachis *75-1 in. long, petiole
articulate on a small node, with interpetiolar glabrous lanceolate
stipules united only at their very bases, leaflets 3 (or occasionally 2
from abortion of one lateral leaflet), with stout petiolules ‘25 in. long,
glabrous as is the rachis; alternate, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
base cuneate or slightly unequally rounded, apex shortly caudate-acumi-
nate, 45-6 in. long, 2-3 in. across, firmly papery, pale yellowish-green,
glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves ascending, about 6 pairs, distinct,
secondary venation somewhat distinct beneath. Flowers in very narrow
sparse spikes at the ends of new leafy shoots, 10-12 in. long with
‘angular quite glabrous rachis; sessile, minutely bracteolate below the
calyx; buds oblong, ‘15 in. long. Calya-tube very short, lobes 4, imbri-
cate in bud, spreading in flower, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Petals
0. Stamens 8-9, filaments glabrous, free, alternately short and long,
anthers broadly ovate, versatile. Ovary shortly stipitate, densely
pubescent, 1- or 2-ovuled; stalk glabrous, shorter than calyx-tube, style
glabrous iucurved. Pod unknown. Touchiroa gracilis Prain MSS.
Perak ; Thaiping, in low wet ground in dense forest, rare, Kunstler
8468 !
This is extremely closely related to Towchiroa bantamensis Hassk. which has
also 3- (or by abortion 2-) foliolate leaves, but has larger leaflets, puberulous rachis
and sepals, and distinct though very short pedicels.
54. PextopHoxum Vogel.
Tall unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers showy,
yellow or white, in axillary and in panicled terminal racemes. Calyx
with the disc confined to the base, teeth subequal, very deeply cut,
imbricate.. Petals oblong or roundish, imbricated, spreading. Stamens
224 G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
10, free, declinate; filaments with a dense tuft of hairs at the base ;
anthers uniform, linear-oblong. Ovary sessile, free, few-ovuled; style
long filiform incurved, stigma large peltate. Pod oblong, flat, thin, hard,
indehiscent, with a firm broad wing on each suture. Species 7-8; cos-
mopolitan in the tropics.
Flowering pedicels not exceeding the calyx... .. L. P. ferrugineum.
Flowering pedicels 3-4 times as long as calyx :.. .. 2. P. dasyrachis
1. PeLTOPHORUM FERRUGINEUM Benth. Flor. Austral. If 279. A
tall tree 70-80 feet high; branchlets covered with a thin rusty tomentum.
Leaves 6—12 in. long, petiole 1-1'5 in., sparingly rusty-pubescent; pinne
16-20, distal 4-6 in. long, progressively shortening towards proximal,
3-4 in.; leaflets close, ligulate-oblong, sessile, base unequal, apex obtuse,
‘5-75 in. long, °35 in. wide, subcoriaceous, puberulous above, faintly
rusty-pubescent beneath. Racemes ina large terminal panicle 12 in. long,
8-9 in. across, branches 4—6 in. long, bracts linear under 1 in. long, very
caducous, bud “35 in. in diam., pedicels ‘15-25 in. long, rachis, branches
and pedicels densely rusty-pubescent. Calyx partite to-15 in. from base,
lobes subequal, ovate-lanceolate, ‘25 in. long, densely rusty-pubescent
externally. Corolla 1-25 in. wide, petals’8 in. long, yellow, the thickened
base densely rusty-hairy on both sides, the blade more or less glabrous
but the margin ciliate with rusty hairs. Stamens 10, free, filaments
equal, pubescent at the base. Ovary densely villous, style very sparing-
ly pubescent throughout, the stigma peltate. Pod 2-4 in. long, 1 in.
across, narrowed to both ends, rigid, glabrous, closely longitudinally
veined outside. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. I], 257. Poinciana Roxburghi .
G. Don, Gen. Syst, II, 433. Cxsalpinia inermis Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 367,
C. ferruginea Dene, Nouv. Ann. Mus, II, 462; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I,
111. OG. arborea Zoll. Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. ILI, 65; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 112, 7
ANDAMANS; Kurz! Nicopars; Jelinek 240! Heinig! Kenan; Langkawi,
Curtis 370! Maracca; Griffith 1903! Hervey2078! Sincapore; Ridley
265! Jonore; Ridley 3977! Disrris. Borneo (Hullett) ; Java; Timor.
2. Pe.ToPHORUM DASYRACHIS Kurz ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. HI,
257. A tall tree 70-80 feet high; branchlets covered with a fulvous
tomentum. Leaves 6-15 in. long, petiole 1-1°5 in. long, tomentose ;
pinne 14-18, distal 4-5 in. long, shortening progressively towards prox-
imal 2-2°5 in.; leaflets close, ligulate-oblong, sessile, base unequal, apex
rounded, ‘5-75 in. long, °35 in. wide, subcoriaceous, puberulous above,’
slizhtly rusty-pubescent beneath. Racemes 6-9 in. long, 3 in. across,
pedicels patent 1-1-5 in. long, bracts lanceolate, ‘5 in. long, subpersistent ;
bud ‘35 in. indiam.; rachis, pedicels and bracts rusty-pubescent. Calyx
partite to ‘15 in. from base, lobes equal, ovate-lanceolate, °205 in. long,
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 225
densely rusty-velvety externally. Corolla 15 in. across, petals 1 in.
long, oblong, yellow, the thickened base very densely hairy on both
sides, the blade glabrous. Stamens 10, free, filaments equal, pubescent
at the base. Ovary densely villous, style sparsely pubescent through-
out, the stigma large peltate glabrous. Pod 4-5 in. long, 1:25-1°4 in.
across, rigid, 1—5-seeded, narrowed at both ends, faintly puberulous
and not veined externally. Cexsalpinia Finlaysoniana Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5971. OC, dasyrachis Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 292.
Perak; Goping, Scortechini, 1994! Trang, Kunstler 1894! 8172!
Maracca; common, Griffith! Maingay 560! Holmberg 884! Derry
1049! Distris. Sumatra.
The native name in Malice is “ Batai” or “* Kayw Batat.”
There is a third species of Peltophorum in Sumatra (P. grande), a very tall tree
with white flowers tinged with pink.
55. C@saLPINiA Linn.
Robust erect trees, shrubs, or woody prickly climbers. Leaves large,
abruptly bipinnate. Flowers showy, yellow, in copious axillary racemes.
Calyx deeply cleft, with the disc confined to its base, the lobes imbri-
cated, the lowest the largest, cucullate. Petals spreading, usually orbi-
cular with a distinct claw, the uppermost smaller than the others.
Stamens 10, free, declinate; anthers oblong, uniform, versatile. Ovary
sessile or subsessile, few-ovuled; style filiform, sometimes clubbed at
the tip, stigma terminal. Pod oblong or ligulate, thin and flat, or
_ thicker and subturgid, indehiscent or dehiscent, smooth or (in SUBGEN.
Guilandina) armed all over with wiry spines. Species about 40, widely
spread in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Pod armed with abundant wiry prickles; petals narrow
(GUILANDINA) :—
Leaves stipulate, leaflets small, bracts squarrose aor
Leaves without stipules, leaflets larger, bracts ascending ... 2.
Pod unarmed, petals broad :—
Pod dry, thin- valved with narrow sutures (HUCHSALPINIA) :—
Leaflets few, coriaceous, large; pods short, seeds soli-
tary or rarely 2 (§ Nugaria) as sas Ses) Dei Oe NUDE:
Leaflets many, membranous or subcoriaceous, small; pods
longer than broad, seeds 5-8 :—
Stamens long, far-exserted ; petals long-clawed (§ Czsal-
pinaria)... aeh “3 =F .. 4. OC, pulcherrima,
Stamens short, little-exserted; petals short-clawed
(§ Sappania) :—
Petals orbicular, flowers °75 in. across :—
Stipules 0, petals subequal, pod wingless broadly
blunt-pointed with recurved beak ee ww. 5. CO, Sappan.
eet. 29
. OG. Bonducella.
C. Bonduc.
226 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Stipules large, upper petal smaller than the others,
pod narrowly winged along ventral suture, ob- —
liquely round-pointed with straight beak ... 6. C. sepiaria,
Petals oblong (subequal), flowers only °*3 in. across,
(pod wingless, ey blunt-pointed with straight
beak) .. 45 ir we 7. C. parviflora.
Pod Somnitianalt seiky). ‘Wide valved with wide sutures .
(CINCLIDOCARPUS) :—
Leafiets oblong; racemes lax, pedicels much exceeding
calyx se eee <e «. 8. C. digyna.
Leaflets ligulate, racemes denser, sedinals ey exceed-
ing calyx a. ee ee . 9 C. tortuosa.
SupeceEn. l. nese Bak. Pod dry, armed on the face with
abundant wiry prickles ; peta/s narrow.
1. Cmsatpinté Bonpucetta Fleming, Asiat. Research. XI, 159.
A climber, often very extensive, with finely grey-downy branches
armed with many small hard falcate yellow prickles. Leaves 1 to 2
feet long, with a pair of reduced pinne (or compound stipules) at their
base; pinne 12-16, 23 in. long, slightly lengthening upwards, leaflets
12-18, membranous, rather pale-green, ovate or elliptic, base slightly
unequally rounded, apex cuneate or rounded mucronulate, ‘5-1 in. long,
‘3-6 in. wide, glabrous above, slightly puberulous beneath, more closely
on the margins, petiolules very short ; lobes of compound stipules sub-
orbicular. Jtacemes terminal and slightly supra-axillary, simple or
panicled, dense at top, laxer downwards, 6-10 in. long; pedicels ‘2
(in fruit *3 in.) long, with squarrose reflexed lanceolate deciduous bracts
‘'25—3 in. long, finely brown-downy as are the pedicels and main-rachis. °
Calyx *25—3 in. long, closely downy. Petals oblanceolate, little exserted,
yellow except the broader shorter ovate-acute upper with reddish base.
Stamens densely grey-silky, declinate. Pcd short-stalked, oblong, 2-3 in.
long, 1°75 in. wide, densely strongly aculeate externally. Seeds usually
2, oblong, lead coloured, °5 in. across. Roxb. Flor. Ind. IJ, 357; Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. JI, 254. Guilandina Bonducella Linn. Sp. Pl. 381;
Wall. Cat. 5803. G. Bonduc W. & A. Prodr. 280 in part; Migq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 113 in part.
ANDAMANS; common on the coasts. Prnanc; Curtis 99! ‘Disrris.
Cosmopolitan iu the tropics.
2. CmsaLpinta Bonpuc Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. A large shrubby
creeper often very extensive, with sparingly pubescent branches armed
with rather strong faleate brown prickles. Leaves 1-2 feet long, without
stipules ; pinne 8-16, 5-8 in. long, slightly lengthening upwards, leaflets
12-14, papery, ovate, base subequally rounded, apex cuneate mucro-
nate, 15-2 in. long, °75-1 in. wide, dark-green shining glabrous above,
rather closely puberulous beneath, petiolules ‘08 in. long. Racemes
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 227
terminal and supra-axillary simple or panicled, rather lax throughout,
6-12 in. long; pedicels ‘2 (in fruit °3) in. long, with membranous
lanceolate deciduous bracts ‘2 in. long, finely brown-pubescent as are the
pedicels and main-rachis. Oalyx ‘2-25 in. long, closely downy, light-
green, tinged with pink. Petals oblanceolate, little exserted, yellow.
Stamens silky, declinate. Pod rather distinctly stipitate, oblong, 5 in.
long, 2°5 in. wide, sparsely strongly aculeate externally. Seeds usually
4, oblong, ‘5 in. across. Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 362; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 255. Guzlandina Bonduc Linn. Sp. Pl. 381; DC. Prodr. II,
480; Wall. Cat. 5806; W.& A. Prodr. 280 in part; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 113 in part.
Nicopars; King’s Collector! Penane; Wallich 5806! Panane;
Ridley 2650! .Perak; Scortechini 1062! Kunstler 7147! Wray 3089!
Distris. Cosmopolitan in the tropics.
Supcgen. 2. Huca#sarpinia. Pod dry, unarmed, valves thin; petals
broad.
§ 1. Nuagaria DC, Leaflets few coriaceous shining ; petals short-
clawed ; stamens not far exserted ; seeds J, rarely 2.
3. Ca#satpintia Nuca Ait. Hort. Kew. III, 32. <A very extensive
littoral climber, with glabrous green branches armed with very strong,
short, hard, dark, hooked prickles. Leaves 6-12 in. long, pinne 6-8,
rather remote, subequal, 2-3 in. long, leaflets 4 or (oftener) 6, rigidly
coriaceous, dark-green and shining above, ovate, acute or very rarely
obtuse, base slightly unequally rounded or sometimes cuneate, 1—2°5 in,
long, ‘5-1 in. wide, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; petiolules ‘15 in.
long. Racemes in a terminal panicle extending into the axils of the
uppermost leaves, 10-15 in. long, 6-8 in. across, individual racemes 2°5-3
in. long; pedicels °3 (in fruit ‘5) in. long, with small ovate-lanceolate
deciduous bracts ‘lin. long. Calyx ‘25-3 in. long, leathery, quite glab-
rous. Oorolla ‘5 in. across, fragrant, petals yellow, orbicular except the
rather smaller ovate-acute upper blotched with red. Stamens densely
woolly at base, declinate. Pod 2 in. long, 1°35 in wide, oblong, beaked,
hard, slightly turgid, indehiscent. Seed solitary, black, 1 in. long, °75 in.
wide. DC. Prodr. II, 481; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, 108; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. I], 255. Cesalpinia paniculata Desf. Cat. ed. 2, 210 ; Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 832; DC. Prodr. II, 481; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 364; W. &
A. Prodr. 281; Wight, Ic. t, 36. ©. sumatrana Wall. Cat. 5831 B, C,
not of Roxb. O. bijuga Wall. Cat. 5833, not of Sw. C. scandens
Koenig in Roth, Nov. Sp. 289; DC. Prodr. H, 482; Wall. Cat. 5829.
Guilandina Nuga Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. II, 545. Nuga sylvarum Rumph.
Herb. Amboin. V, t 50.
ANDAMANS; Very common on all the coasts and near muddy creeks.
228 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1],
Nicopars; common. Kepan; Pulo Langkawi, Curtis 2618! 2867!
Perak; Scortechini 1096! Kunstler 1029! Matacca; Griffith 1898!
Panane; Ridley 13877! Disrris. Coasts of S.-H. Asia, North Australia
and Western Polynesia.
The nearest ally of this species is not any plant known as a C2 but a
species from China known as Mezoneuron sinense.
§ 2. CmsatpinariA Bth. & Hk. f. - Leaflets small, numerous, mem~
branous ; petals very long-clawed ; stamens very far exserted ; seeds 6-8.
4, Omeisriiira PULCHERRIMA iden Obs. 166. A shrub ith elabrous
unarmed or very sparsely and weakly prickly branches. Leaves 4-6 in.
long, pinne 12-16, 2-4 in. long, the proximal and distal rather shorter
than those between, leaflets 16-24, distinctly petiolulate, close, membra-
nous, elliptic-oblong, apex obtuse, base slightly oblique, cuneate on upper
rounded on lower side, ‘5-7 in, long, *35-"45 in. wide, dark-green, glab- —
rous on both surfaces. Racemes terminal and axillary, simple or very
sparingly branched, 8-12 in, long, at length subcorymbose, 46 in. wide,
pedicels ascending, the lowest reaching 3-4 in. in length; bracts subu-
late ‘2 in. long, very early caducous. Calyx ‘6 in, long, quite glabrous,
leathery, the lower segment very large and deeply cucullate, ‘4 in. wide.
Corolla spreading, 1°5 in. across, all petals long-clawed, the lower four
‘75 in. long, yellow or red, lamina orbicular with crisped margin, ‘5 in.
in diam., the upper smaller. Stamens far-exserted, red, glabrous, 1°75
in.long. Pod thin, flat, ligulate, glabrous, nearly straight, 2-3 in. long, 6
in. wide; seeds 6-8, broadly oval, compressed, brown, °4 in. long, °3 in.
wide. Benth. Pl. Jungh. 258; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 111; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 255. Poinciana pulcherrima Linn. Sp. Pl. 380; DC.
Prodr. II, 484; Bot. Mag. t. 995; Wall. Cat. 5813; Roxb. Flor. Ind.
II, 355; W. & A. Prodr. 282, Rheede, Hort. Malab. VI, t. 1; Rumph.
Herb. Amboin. IJ, t. 20.
A garden or hedge plant in most of our provinces.
The native country of this species is uncertain, but apparently it is not any-
where truly wild in S.-H. Asia. The other species of the section are American,
so that this one has perhaps also been originally derived from the Western Hemis-
phere.
§ 3. SappantA DC. Leaflets many, membranous, small; petals
short-clawed ; stamens not far exserted ; seeds 3-6.
5. CmsaupiniA Sappan Linn. Sp. Pl. 381. A tree 20-30 feet high
with thorny stem 6-10 in. in diam.; branches rusty-pubescent with few
small prickles. Leaves 8-15 in. long, pinne 16-24, 4-6 in. long; leaflets
20-36, close, membranous or chartaceous, oblong, very oblique, sessile,
attached at lower corner, apex obtuse or slightly retuse, ‘5-°75 in.
long, ‘35. in. wide, glabrous above, slightly puberulous on the nerves
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 229
beneath. Racemes in aterminal panicle extending into the axils of the
uppermost leaves, 12-16 in. long, 8 in, across, individual racemes 4-6 in.
long ; pedicels ‘5-6 in. long, bracts lanceolate *3 in. long, very decidu-
ous. Calyx ‘4 in. long, leathery, glabrous. Corolla *75 in. across, petals
bright-yellow, the upper with a pinkish basal patch, all orbicular snb-
equal. Stamens waxy-white, densely woolly at base, declinate. Ovary
grey-velvety. Fod 3-4 in. long, 1'5-2 in. wide, subcompressed, polished,
indehiscent, with a hard recurved short beak at upper angle of obtuse
apex. Roxb. Cor. PI. D27,..6..165; Hort, Beng. 32; DC. Prodr. II,
482; Wall. Cat. 5888; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 357; W. & A. Prodr. 281;
Migq. Anal. Ind. I, 9; Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 108; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. 90;
Anal, Gen. t. 13, f. 1; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 255. Biancea
Sappan Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. 8. Lignum Sappan Rumph. Herb.
Amboin. LV, t. 21.
PERAK; open jungle at foot of hills, Ulu Bubong, Kunstler 10567 !
PananG; Pulo Changei, Ridley 2590! Distr. India, Indo-China ;
Malay irultoulsize:
6. CSALPINIA SEPIARIA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. A moderate climber
with stout woody stem and somewhat densely grey- or brown-pubescent
branches armed with strong sharp prickles. Leaves stipulate, 9-15 in.
long; pinne: 12-20, 2—3 in, long, subequal, leaflets 16-24, very shortly
petiolulate, close, membrauous, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded on
both sides, slightly oblique on upper, ‘5-8 in. long, rather pale-green
glabrous above, glaucous and slightly pubescent beneath ; stipules very
obliquely ovate with crisped margins, long-acuminate apex, and with
projecting auriculate lower angle of base, ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in. wide, soon
deciduous. Racemes terminal and axillary all simple, drooping, 6-12 in.
long, 2-2°5 in. across, pedicels erecto-patent, °75 in. long, bracts large
ovate-lanceolate caducous, ‘4 in. long, densely pubescent. Calyx ‘5 in.
long, densely pubescent. Corolla spreadiug, °75 in. across, petals bright
yellow, all orbicular, °5 in. across except the upper only *25 in. in diam.
Stamens little exserted, declinate, greenish-white, densely woolly in the
lower half. Pod indehiscent, linear-oblong, 3-5 in. long, 1°2 in. across,
sublignose, glabrous, slightly recurved and slightly turgid, rather strong-
ly reticulate-veined especially in the half next lower suture; upper
suture dilated into a narrow wing; faces slightly depressed between the
6-8 mottled seeds, -4 in. long, 3 in. wide. Wall. Cat. 5834; Roxb.
Flor. Ind. II, 360; W. & A. Prodr. 282; Wight, Ic. 37; Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. [, 109; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 256. ©. ferox Hassk. PI.
Jav. Rar. 400. C. japonica Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. Jap. 9. C. crista Thunb.
Flor. Jup. 179, not of Linn. Reichardia decapcetala Roth. Nov. Sp. 9;
DC. Prodr, II, 484. Bianceea scandens Todaro, Hort. Bot. Panorm. 4, t. 1.
230 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Prenane; Govt. Hill, 2500 feet, Curtis, 385! Duistrip. Hastern and
South-Eastern Asia, introduced in America.
7. CSALPINIA PARVIFLORA Prain. A small tree or, at times, a.
climber, with stem 8-12 in. in diam. and with rusty-pubescent branches
sparingly armed with small prickles. Leaves stipulate 8-10 in. long,
pinne 18-24, 2-3 in. long; leaflets 30-36, close, firmly subcoria-
ceous, oblong, sessile, attached sub-centrally but with the lower corner
subauriculately produced, apex obtuse or rounded, ‘35-5 in. long,
‘2-25 in. wide in vAR. typica, ‘75 in. long, *35 in. wide (or rarely even
larger) in. VAR? stipularis, dark-green glabrous and shining above, dull
beneath and glabrous in VAR. typica, sparsely puberulous on the midrib
in vAR? sttpularis; stipules lanceolate or oblong ‘45-"75 in. long.
Racemes in an ample terminal again branching panicle extending into the
axils of the upper leaves, 2-3 feet long, 12-15 in. across, primary
branches 5-8 in. long, final individual racemes 3 in. long; pedicels ‘25
in. long, slender, densely puberulous as are the main-rachis and —
branches of panicle; bracts linear or lanceolate, ‘2—-25 in. long, decidu-
ous. Calyx ‘25 in. long, thinly coriaceous, puberulous. Corolla °3
in. across, petals greenish-yellow, oblong,’ subequal, hardly exserted.
Stamens green, densely woolly at base. Ovary sparsely pubescent. Pod
of var. typica 1 in. long, *5 in. wide, with a recurved beak at upper angle
of obtuse apex; seeds (young) oval, 4, °25 in. long.
Var. typica; leaflets not exceeding ‘5 in. in length, glabrous
beneath ; stipules lanceolate, ‘45 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, margin entire;
bracts linear, ‘2 in. long, hardly equalling the pedicels.
Perak; at low elevations, Kunstler 3499! 7584! Wray 1909!
Var.? stipularis; leaflets ‘75 in length or longer, the midrib
beneath puberulous; foliaceous stipuies broadly ovate-oblong, °75 in.
long, 35 in. wide, continued in the leafless portion of the more diffusely.
branching and more densely puberulous inflorescence, their margins
often incised ; bracts lanceolate, ‘25 in. long, equalling the pedicels.
Prrak; Larut, in the plains, Wray 3983! 3991! 4261!
The foliage of the typical variety of this species is very like that of OC.
cinclidocarpa Miq. or CO. tortwosa Roxb. but the remarkably small flowers and the
different fruit (which is exactly like a minature C. Sappan pod) abundantly dis-
tinguish it from all other Indo-Malayan species.
The pod of vaR? stipularis is not yet known and it may ultimately be necesary
to separate it specifically from OC. parviflora. But its flowers, except that the calyx
is somewhat more puberulous, are exactly as in C. parviflora, and though VAR?
stipularis has a somewhat different facies on account of its larger leaflets and
especially its much longer foliaceous subpersistent stipules. it seems better in the
meantime to treat it tentatively as no more than a variety of C. parviflora. Wray
notes that var. typica isa “small tree;’’? Kunstler states on one occasion that it is
1897.| G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 231
a tree 30-40 feet high, on another that it is a climber 100-150 feet long. Of all three
gatherings of vaR.? stipularis it is noted that the plant is a climber.
Supaen. 3. Crinciipocarpus Bak. Pod rather fleshy, indehiscent,
naked on the faces, with thickened sutures. Petals broad.
8. CmsaLPinIA DIGYNA Rottl. ex Willd. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. IV,
198 t. 3. A climber with glabrous or slightly downy branches armed
with scattered prickles. Leaves 6-9 in. long, pinne 8-9, 1°5-2°5 in.
long increasing upwards, leaflets 16-20, close, membranous, oblong,
obtuse, sessile, base subequally rounded, ‘35-45 in. long, ‘25 in. wide,
medium-green and glabrous above, greyish and obscurely downy be-
neath ; stipules subulate, membranous, very early deciduous. Racemes
simple axillary, 8-12 in. long, 3 in. wide, pedicels distant slender hori-
zontal or slightly deflexed, 1 in. long, glabrous as is the main-rachis.
Calyx leathery, quite glabrous, ‘3 in. long. Corolla spreading, ‘75 in.
across, petals orbicular, 3 in. in diam., subequal, yellow except the upper
‘ slightly streaked with red. Stamens little exserted, filaments greenish-
white, densely woolly in the lower half, declinate. Pod rather fleshy,
indehiscent, oblong, glabrous, with much thickened sutures, 1°5-2 in.
long, 1 in. across, turgid, torulose ; seeds 2-4, black, ovoid, ‘5-in. long, ‘4
in. wide. DC. Prodr. II, 482; Wall. Cat. 5839; W.& A. Prodr. 281;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. LI, 256. OC. oleosperma Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32;
Fl, Ind. II, 356. OC. flavicans Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5825. (0. gracilis
Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. J, 110. Péerolobiwm lacerans Wall. Cat. 5841
letters F, H, and I; not of R. Br. | 4 hi
Manacca; Griffith! Penane; Curtis 448! Tonexan; Curtis’ Col-
lector 2862! Distris. India, Indo-China, Malay Archipelago.
9. CSALPINIA TORTUOSA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32. A stout subscan-
dent straggling shrub, with slightly downy spreading branches armed
with very strong prickles. Leaves 12-18 in. long, pinnse 30-40, 2°5-4
in. long, the proximal and distal rather shorter than those between,
leaflets 40-60, sessile, close, rigidly subcoriaceous, narrowly ligulate,
apex obtuse or rounded, base obliquely cuneate, ‘25-3 in. long, ‘1 in.
wide, dark-green, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above. Racemes
axillary, simple, erect, 15-18 in. long, 1°5 in. across, pedicels spreading,
‘5 in. long, slender, glabrous as is the stout rachis, bracts very small
caducous. Calyx ‘5 in. long, leathery, quite glabrous, the lower segment
very deeply cucullate, °35 in. wide. Corolla spreading, °75 in. across,
petals bright-yellow with red streaks near base, all orbicular clawed,
‘5 in. across except the upper only ‘25 in. in diam. Stamens little-
exserted, declinate, green, densely woolly in lower half. Pod oblong,
twisted, indehiscent, glabrous, with much thickened sutures, 2-3 in.
long, 1 in. across, turgid, torulose; seeds 2-5, hard, smooth, dark-brown,
F
232 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
-4,in, across. Wall. Cat. 5827, A, B, and C.; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 365;
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 109; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 257.
Penang; Penara Bukit, 700 feet, Curtis 1027! Distris. Sumatra,
Tenasserim.
Very nearly related to OC. cinclidocarpa Miq. which differs by its branching in-
florescence and its pubescent calyx; also to C. acanthobotrya Mig. which has
shorter, more laxly-flowered racemes and broader leaflets. Mr. Kurz indeed has
in Herb. Calcutta proposed to treat C. acanthobotrya as a variety (VAR. latifolia) of
C. tortuosa but the examination of an authentic.example of Dr. Miquel’s plant leads
the writer to believe that it is better, at least at present, to consider it specifically
distinct.
56. Mezonevron Desf.
Robust woody prickly climbers. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. I’lowers
in ample panicled racemes. Calyx very oblique, usually deeply cleft,
with a basal or intertubal disc, the lobes imbricated, the lowest largest
covering the others in bud like a hood. Petals spreading, obovate-
spathulate, subequal or the upper smallest. Stamens free, declinate,
usually exserted; anthers oblong, uniform. Ovary sessile or shortly
stipitate, declinate, few- or many-ovuled; style filiform, stigma small,
capitate, the margin often fringed. Pod large, thin, oblong, flat, indehis-
cent, with a broad wing down the upper suture; seeds compressed,
orbicular, cotyledons flat, radicle straight. Species about 15; all in the
tropics of Hastern Hemisphere. |
Calyx deeply cleft, with a wide short tube and a basal
disc, the anterior lobe deeply cucullate (Hwmezoneuron) :—
Leaflets opposite, large; pods l-seeded _... we = 1. M. cucullatum.
Leaflets alternate, medium to small; pods several
seeded :—-
Leaflets beneath and calyx externally puberulous .,. 2. MM. hymenocarpum,
Leaflets beneath and calyx externally glabrous :—
Pedicels puberulous, jointed near base of calyx;
leaflets cuneate at apex... 3. M. Kunstleri.
Pedicels glabrous, jointed oariaiaamably. "baler nies
of calyx; leaflets obtuse... 4. M. andamanicum.
Calyx shallowly cleft, with a narrow long cabs and a aise
extending above the base, anterior lobe ener hooded
(Tubicalyz); (leaflets alternate) ... as .. 5. M. sumatranum.
Suscen. 1. Humezonrevuron; calyx pee cleft, disc basal; lower
lobe deeply cucullate.
1. Mezonevron cucutnatum W.& A. Prodr, 283. A large climber,
branches glabrous armed with small dark short recurved prickles.
Leaves 6-12 in. long, pinne 4-10, 6-8 in. long; leaflets 8-10, opposite,
rigidly subcoriaceous, ovate-acute, base wide-cuneate slightly unequal,
2-4 in. long, 1°25-1'75 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, dark-green
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninstila. 233
above, paler beneath, secondary veins 4—5 pairs and intermediate reti-
culations faint; petiolules '2in. long. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary
panicle of simple or occasionally branched racemes, 1-1°5 feet long,
with terete glabrous main-rachis ; single racemes 4-8 in. long ; pedicels
close-set, slender, ‘3 in. long, jointed a little above the middle. Calya
yellow, quite glabrous, leathery, anterior sepal cucullate, obtuse, *25 in.
long, the rest orbicular, tube shallow. Corolla ‘45 in. across, pale-green,
standard 2-lobed, shorter but wider than the other subequal orbicular
4. Stamens far exserted, puberulous at base, declinate, unequal. Ovary
declinate, 1-2-ovuled. Pod thin, 3-3°5 in. long, 1°25 in. wide (includ-
ing wing ‘3 in. wide), faintly reticulated; seeds usually solitary, very
rarely 2.
ANDAMANS; common. Drsrriz. Hastern Himalaya, India, Indo-
China.
2. Mezonevron HymMenocarpum W. & A. Prodr. I, 283, A large
climber, brauches finely puberulous, with a few scattered recurved
brown prickles. Leaves 1—-1°5 feet long, pinne 1-10, 3-4 in. long, leaflets
10-14, alternate or subopposite, rigidly subcoriaceous, obovate, apex
obtuse or rounded, base cuneate unequal, ‘5-1 in. long, -25—"6 in. wide,
puberulous above, puberulous to densely pubescent beneath, secondary
veins 5-6 pairs very faint; petiolules ‘15 in. long. Inflorescence a large
terminal thyrsoid panicle of unbranched racemes extending into the
axils of the uppermost leaves, 2 feet long, 8-10 in. wide, the single
racemes 6-8 in. long, puberulous as are the main-rachis and slender
pedicels, 35-5 in. long, jointed -15 in. under base of calyx. Calyx
densely puberulous, leathery, anterior sepal cueullate subacute, *25 in,
long, the others orbicular. Corolla ‘5 in. across, yellow, petals ovate.
orbicular, upper small, Stamens far exserted, hirsute at base, declinate,
unequal. Ovary declinate, about 5-ovuled; stigma slightly fringed.
Pod thin, 4in. long, when ripe 1 in. wide (including posterior wing
25-3 in wide), faintly wide-reticulated, 5-seeded. Cxsalpinia hymeno-
carpa Wall. Cat. 5832. Mezoneuron pubescens Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT,
259 not of Desf.
- ANDAMANS; very plentiful near Port Blair, King’s Collectors ! D1s-
TRIB. Burma; Ceylon.
Resembles M. andamanicum but is easily distinguished by its leaves and its
calyx being pubescent; by its pedicels being shorter; and by its pods being smaller
and not so distinctly reticulated.
3. Merzonevron Kunstrert Prain. A large climber, branches gla-
brous, with a few brown scattered resurved prickles. Leaves 6-8 in.
long, pinne 4-6, 4-5 in. long, leaflets 6-8, alternate, subcoriaceous, ovate,
cuneate at apex and base, almost equally decurrent on the short petiolule,
J. 11. 30
234 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
‘5-1:25 in. long, 85-75 in. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, dark-green
above, glaucescent beneath, secondary veins few, faint, widely reticulated ;
petiolules ‘15 in. long. Injlorescence a large terminal thyrsoid panicle of
unbranched racemes 1'5-2 feet long, 8-9 in. wide, the single racemes
8-10 in. long, faintly puberulous as in the main-rachis; pedicels slender
°35—45 in. long, distinctly puberulous, jointed *2 in. under base of calyx.
Calyx quite glabrous, leathery, anterior sepal deeply cucullate obtuse,
‘25 in. long, the rest orbicular, all gland-dotted as is the shallow tube.
Corolla ‘5 in. across, bright-yellow, petals ovate-orbicular, upper smaller |
than the others. Stamens far exserted, hirsute at base, declinate, un-
equal. Ovary declinate, about 5-ovuled ; stigma slightly fringed. Pod
only seen very young; wing half as wide as body of pod. '
Perak; Sungah Ryah, Kunstler 895!
A species very near M. andamanicum, with which it agrees in number, size, and
disposition of leaflets, and which it closely resembles in flowers. The different
shape of the leaflets, however, and especially the much shorter distance between the
joint in the pedicel and the base of the calyx, with the much shorter puberulous
pedicels, mark it as abundantly distinct. ‘The wing, too, of the very young pod is in
M. Kunstleri almost twice as wide as the wing in the corresponding stage of the pod
in M. andamanicum,
4, MprzoNEURON ANDAMANICUM Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. LXT,
2. 131. A large climber, branches glabrous with a few scattered
prickles. Leaves 1-1°5 feet long, pinnae 4-10, 5-7 in. long, leaflets 8-10,
alternate, rigidly subcoriaceous, obovate, slightly retuse, base cuneate
slightly unequally decurrent on the short petiolule, *5-1'5 in. long,
‘35-1 iv. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, dark-green above, pale beneath,
secondary veins few faint widely reticulated; petiolules ‘15 in. long.
Inflorescence a large terminal thyrsoid panicle of unbranched racemes
extending into the axils of the uppermost leaves, 2—2°5 feet long, 1 foot
wide, the single racemes 10-12 in. long, quite glabrous as are the main-
rachis and the slender pedicels *5—75 in. long, jointed ‘3 in. under base of
calyx. Calyx quite glabrous, leathery, anterior sepal deeply cucullate
obtuse, ‘25 in. long, the rest orbicular all reticulate-veined and yellow
gland-dotted as is the shallow tube. Corolla ‘5 in. across, rather pale-
yellow, petals ovate-orbicular, the upper smaller than the others with
a thickened claw prolonged into a ligular ciliate ridge, the rest with
claw hirsute internally and with lamina red-blotched at base and pink-
veined. Stamens far exserted, hirsute at base, declinate, 2-seriate, free,
unequal. Ovary declinate, ovules about 6; stigmaslightly fringed. Pod
thin, din. long, when ripe 1-l°5 in. wide (including posterior wing
‘25-35 in. wide), finely wide-reticulated, distantly 3-5-seeded. :
ANDAMANS; very common near Port Blair, Prain! Man! King’s
Collector !
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 285
Suncen. 2. Tusicatyx Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 1081. Calyx shallow-
ly cleft, the disc extending above the base, lower lobe shallow-cucullate.
5. Mezonevron sumatranum W. & A. Prodr. I, 283. A large
climber, branches glabrous, armed with a few dark short recurved
prickles. Leaves 1-1°5 feet long, pinnse 6-10, 8-12 in. long, leaflets 6-8,
alternate, rigidly subcoriaceous, obovate-oblong, emarginate and apicu-
late, base rounded very slightly unequal, 1:5-2°5 in. long, 1:25-1°75 in.
wide, glabrous on both surfaces, dark-vreen above, paler beneath, second-
ary veins rather prominently closely reticulate beneath ; petiolules ‘2 in.
long. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle of simple or occa-
sionally branched racemes 1°5-2 feet long, with terete thick glabrous
main rachis, single racemes 5-6 in. long; pedicels close-set slender,
‘25 long, curved. Calyx quite glabrous, leathery, anterior sepal orbicular
‘25 in. long, twice as large as the others, tube compressed ‘5 in. long.
Corolla °35 in. wide, *d in. long, of 5 subequal petals, oblong, narrowed
to the base, the standard reddish the other petals yellowish. Stamens
hardly exserted, declinate, glabrous, unequal. Ovary declinate stipitate
glabrous, 3-4-ovuled, stigma glabrous. Pod thin, 3-4 in. long, 1°35 in.
wide (including posterior wing ‘25 in, wide), finely wide-reticulate,
distantly 3-4-seeded. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 105 and I, 1081; Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 259. Cesalpinia sumatrana Roxb. Hort, Beng. 32;
Flor. Ind. II, 856; Wall. Cat. 5831A only.
Manacea; Griffith! Muaingay 534! Perak; Thaipeng, Scortechini
67! Kwala, Scortechint 1766! Simpat, Ridley 3083! Dinpixes ; Lumot,
Tiidley § Curtis! Stxcarore; near Krangi, Ridley 2105! 6026!
The great difference in the appearance of the calyx no doubt justifies Dr. Miquel’s
proposal to treat this plant as the type of a distinct subgenus of Mezoneuron.
57. Prero.osium R. Br.
Robust woody prickly climbers. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers
in panicled racemes. Calyx deeply cleft, with the disc near the base,
the lobes imbricated, the lowest longer and more hooded than the others.
Petals spreading, oblong and clawed equalling the calyx. Stamens 10,
free, declinate, little exserted ; anthers oblong versatile. Ovary sessile,
l-ovuled; style filiform, stigma small terminal. Pod indehiscent, sama-
roid with a large horny oblique terminal wing. Species 7; one African,
one Australian, two Chinese, three South-East Asiatic.
Racemes with thin angular glabrous rachis, laxly 20-30-
fid., pedicels longer than calyx ... we Ll. P. macropterwm,
Racemes with stout terete puberulous hake densely
150—200-fld., pedicels not longer them calyx ... ww. 2. P. densiflorum.
1. PreRoLosium MAcRopreruM Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLII,
2.71. A large climber, young branches sparsely pubescent, all parts
236 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
sparingly armed with small prickles. Leaves 6-9 in. long; pinne 14-16,
2-2°5 in long with puberulous rachis ; leaflets 14—20, elliptic-oblong, apex
rounded or obtuse, base unequal, abruptly rounded on upper, narrow-
cuneate on lower side, *45 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, chartaceous, dark-green
above, paler beneath, glabrous on both surfaces. Racemes lax, in spread-
ing terminal and axillary panicles with glabrous slender angular rachis
and branches, 8 in. long, 4 in. across, individual racemes 3-4 in. long,
20-30-fld.; pedicels glabrous slender spreading, ‘4-6 in. long. Calyx
glabrous, thinly coriaceous, lowest sepal ‘25 in. long. Corolla white, ‘25
in. long. Pod 2°5-2°75 in. long, glabrous; seed-bearing base turgid
reticulate, °75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, wing ‘7—'8 in. wide, the upper margin
straight or slightly recurved thickened, the lower thin irregularly sinu-
ately convex, the apex rounded. Péerolobium lacerans Miq. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 106 not of R. Br., nor of Wall., nor of Wight. P. indicwm var.
macropterum Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 259.
ANDAMANS; very common. Drsrris. JAvA; Burma.
This species is not 80 closely related to P. lacerans R. Br., with which Dr.
Miquel has identified it, as it is to P. indicum A. Rich. (P. lacerans Wall.; W. & A.;
Wicht, Ic.) of which Mr. Baker treats it as a variety. P. macropterum has how-
ever quite glabrous flower branches, very different leaflets, and fewer and smaller
prickles; while it agees with P. indicum in length of pedicels and in style of
inflorescence, it has very different pods with a much larger wing.
2. PTEROLOBIUM DENSIFLORUM Prain. A large climber, young
branches pubescent, all parts very strongly armed with large recurved
prickles. Leaves 4-8 in. long, pinne 8-16, 3 in. long, with puberulous
rachis; leaflets 14-16, rather narrow-oblong, apex obtuse or retuse, base
unequal abruptly rounded on both sides, ‘6 in. long, ‘25 in wide, sub-
coriaceous, dark-green, glabrous on both surfaceg. Racemes dense in
fastigiate terminal panicles with stout subterete puberulous rachis and
branches; 1°5 feet long, 1 foot across, individual racemes 150-200-fld.,
6-8 in. long; pedicels puberulous slender spreading, ‘25 in. long. Calyx
sparsely puberulous, thinly coriaceous, lowest sepal ‘3 in. long. Corolla
yellow, ‘3in. long. Pod 2 in. long, glabrous ; seed-bearing base turgid,
reticulate, ‘6 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, wing *5—"7 in. wide, the upper margin
straight thickened, the lower thin irregularly sinuately convex, the apex
narrowly rounded. P. microphyllum Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLII,
2, 71 not of Mig. P. indicum var. microphyllum Bak. in Flor. Bri.
Ind. II, 259 in part, and excl. the plant of Miquel.
Penana; Government Hill, 2500 feet, Curtis 3093! Matacca ,
Maingay 535!
Maingay’s plant here cited is the same as that of Curtis both as regards flowers
and fruits. The description of the leaflets is taken from the Penang plant, the
Malacca one at Calcutta haying only bare rachises. The Malacca plant is the type
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 237
of P. microphyllum Kurz; that it cannot possibly be the true P. microphyllum Miq.
is obvious from the fact that Miquel’s plant has linear leaflets smaller than those of
his P. laeerans—which is the P. macropteruwm of this work—arranged in from 20-
22 pairs on 14-16 pairs of pinnz, whereas P. densiflorwm has oblong leaflets larger
than those of P. macropteruwm, arranged in from only 7-8 pairs on 4-8 pairs of pinne.
Mr. Kurz’s misidentification no doubt arose from the fact that he had not seen the
leaves of Maingay’s plant. In style of inflorescence P. densiflorum most resembles
the Chinese P. punctatum Hemsl., but that plant has less dense and less numerously
flowered racemes, and has very different leaves.
Svzorper IIT, Miuosez.
Trees, shrubs or very rarely herbs. Leaves 2-pinnate, very rarely
simply pinnate. Flowers small, rarely elongated, tubular, sessile in
globose heads or cylindric spikes, rarely shortly pedicelled and in globose
umbels or slender racemes; bracts small narrow often dilated at the
tips, substrobilately imbricate in bud usually deciduous during flower-
ing; bracteoles very rare; perianth regular often in. 5-merous, some-
times 4-merous, rarely 3-merous or 6-merous whorls. Sepals valvate
(except in Parkiex), rarely free, usually connate in a 5-toothed to 5-lobed
tube, sometimes 0; disc-tube 0. Petals as many as sepals, valvate, free
or connate in a lobed tube, hypogynous or obscurely perizynous. Sta-
mens as many, or twice or thrice as many, as petals, or indefinite, free
or monadelphous, or adnate to base of corolla tube, usually exserted ;
anthers small, versatile, dehiscing longitndinally. Ovary free at buss
of calyx. Seeds usually ovate or orbicular, compressed, with basilar
hilum ; rarely thick globose or ovoid; testa hard, albumen 0, or scanty ;
cotyledons flat ; radicle straight, shortly exserted or included; funiculus
often expanded in a small fleshy arillus.
Anthers gland-tipped ;.(stamens 5-10) :—
Calyx-teeth short, imbricated (Parkiez); filaments usually
either connate or adnate at base; (inflorescence capitate ;
heads very large; trees) aan Bhs can} Ook, PARKLA,
Calyx valvate (Adenantherex) ; filaments free :—
Inflcrescence elongated; (species all woody) :—
Flowers sessile; great climbers with opposite leaflets
and huge pods and seeds Ms 59. ENTADA.
Flowers short-stalked; trees with ahasitiis leaflots
and narrow contorted pods ... sad «. 60, ADENANTHERA.
Inflorescence capitate ; heads small :—
Small aquatic or subaquatic herbs with small thin
pods opening early by upper suture; seeds small ... 61. Neprunia,.
Lofty trees with large thick woody pods, late in
dehiscing, opening by both sutures; seeds large ... 62, Xywt1a.
Anthers not gland-tipped ; (calyx valvate, rarely 0) :—
Filaments free :—
Stamens definite, as many, or twice as many as petals
238 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
(Eumimosex); (inflorescence capitate in Malayan
species); shrubs or under-shrubs with thin coriaceous
pods :—
Pods straight with continuous valves, dehiscing
throngh sutures ... eee .. 63. LEUCENA.
Pods slightly curved with usually woatnettad valves
and wich always indehiscent persistent sutures ... 64. Mimosa.
Stamens indefinite often very numerous (Acaciex) ;
inflorescence spicate or capitate EE a .. 66, ACACIA.
Filaments more or less connate (Ingex) ; (stamens usually
indefinite, rarely only 2—3-times as many as petals) :—
Pods (indehiscent) septate between the seeds :—
Flowers large; petals adnate below to the staminal
tube, otherwise free ; pod woody turgid, sutures not
‘thickened ae ove -. 66. SERIANTHES,
Flowers small; petals Seadaes peiow in a tube; pod
spongy or fleshy hardly turgid, the sutures thickened 67. Enrrro.osium.
Pods not septate between the seeds :—
Pods straight with thin valves :—
Sutures thickened; valves elastically revolutely
dehiscent from apex to base ... 68. CALLIANDRA.
Sutures thin, pods indehiscent or if aanieesne the
dehiscence not elastic nae oy 69. ALBIZzIA,
Pods twisted with coriaceous valves, or if anGkt
straight (P. bubalinum) with fleshy valves, (sutures
thin) ... si igs ap .. 70. PiTHECOLOBIUM.
58. Parka R. Br.
Tall, unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate with usually very numerous
leaflets. Flowers in dense long-peduncled heads, each subtended by a
coriaceous persistent ligulate bract with a spoon-shaped tip. Calya
tubular, shortly 5-cleft, lobes imbricate. Corolla tubular, cleft half-way
down, the segments subvalvate. Stamens 10, exserted, the filiform fila-
ments united in the lower part with each other and with the corolla-
tube; anthers narrow, gland-tipped, the pollen cohering in irregular
masses. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style filiform, stigma minute
capitate. Pod large, flat, strap-shaped, coriaceous, finally dehiscing.
Species about 10, cosmopolitan in the tropics, mostly American.
Petioles with two glands; heads subspherical (leaflets very
narrow, acute, in 60-100 pairs) age ie: we 1. P, biglandulosa.,
Petioles with one gland only ; heads turbinate or clavate :—
Leaflets subfalcate, acute, in 40-80 pairs ue «- 2 FP, Roxburghis.
Leaflets straight, obtuse or retuse in 20-390 pairs . o LP. speciosa.
1. Parka BiGLANDULOSA W. & A. Prodr. 279. <A lofty tree.
Leaves 2-pinnate, main-rachis downy 12-15 in. long ; pinne 29-40 pairs
subalternate, secondary rachises also downy about 3 in. Jong; leaflets
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula, 239
small straight narrow linear-ligulate close-set, 60-100 pairs, with obli-
quely truncate bases and acute apices, strongly 1-nerved, pubescent
along the margins, ‘2 in. long, ‘05 in. across, petiolar part of main rachis
1-1°5 in. long, with 2 collateral glands at the top of its swollen base, and
with 3-9 solitary glands between the bases of as many pairs of pinne to-
ward the apex of the rachis. lowers in dense subspherical heads 1:5 in. in
diam., peduncle 4-9 in. long. Calyx tubular, shortly 5-cleft, -3 in. long,
teeth pilose, elsewhere glabrous. Corolla tubular, segments subyalvate.
Stamens 10, exserted, the filaments connate below and adnate at base to
corolla tube; anthers narrow. Pod (including stipe 2 in. long) 14-15
in. long, 1°5 in. wide, °35 in. thick, black, at first downy, ultimately quite
glabrous. Seeds 10-12, oval, °75 in. long, *5 in. wide, ‘25 in. thick, dark-
brown, smooth with a central ovate-lanceolate pale-brown rugose area.
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II. 289. Mimosa pedunculata Roxb, FI. Ind. I,
1)
Matay Peninsuta; fide Baker.
Mr. Baker says that this comes from the Malay Peninsula, and on his authority
the statement is here repeated. No botanist has, however, hitherto sent it from the
Malay Peninsula; the locality given by Roxburgh is not Malaya, but “the islands
to the, eastward of the Bay of Bengal; ” by this Roxburgh indicates the Andamans and
Nicobars. Still, no one has gathered it there in recent years, and the precise habitat
must for the present be left doubtful. The specimens at Calcutta are (1) Wight’s
n. 559, the type of the species, cult. in the Missionary Garden; (2) Specimens from
Madras Agri.-Hort. Society’s Garden collected by Dr. Cleghorn; (3) Specimens of
Roxburgh’s plant from the Calcutta Botanic Garden where the tree still grows—
these last are exactly like Wight n. 559 and show that the doubts expressed by
Wight and Arnott as to the indentity of their plant with Roxbugh’s Mimosa pedun-
culata are unfounded; (4) Specimens, no doubt from cultivated examples, sent
from Assam by Masters and by Jenkins. This is the only Parkia at all generally
cultivated in Bengal; the next species, which is also grown, is comparatively
uncommon.
P. biglandulosa should then be carefully looked for in the Nicobars and Anda-
mans, and particularly in N. Andaman; it is highly improbable that it will be
found, in a wild state, either in Indo-China or in Malaya.
2. Parxia Roxsureui G. Don, Gen. Syst. II, 397. An erect tree
40-60 feet high, stem about 2 feet in diam., young »oranches pubescent,
Leaves 2-pinnate, main-rachis puberulous or glabrescent, 12-24 in. long ;
pinne 20-30 pairs, opposite; secondary rachises glabrescent 3-6 in,
long; leaflets small, faleately curved forwards, linear-lanceolate, close-
set, 40-80 pairs, subequally truncate at base, apex acute, strongly 1-
nerved, puberulous along the margins, ‘3 in. long, ‘1 in. wide, petiolar
part of main-rachis 2-3 in. long with 1 solitary gland below the lower
pair of pinne and with 3-5 solitary glands between the bases of as
many pairs of pinne towards apex of rachis, #lowers in dense turbi-
240 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
nate heads, 1°5 in. long, 1 in. in diam., peduncle 10-16 in. long. Calyx
tubular, shortly 5-cleft, ‘25 in. long, teeth pilose, elsewhere glabrous.
Corolla tubular, pale-yellow, segments subvalvate. Stamens 10, exserted,
the filaments connate below and adnate to corolla-tube; anthers narrow,
Pod (including stipe 3-7 in, long) 15-20 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, ‘3 in.
thick, black, glabrous. Seeds 12-20, oval, *5 in long, ‘35 in. wide, ‘2
in. thick, dark-brown and smooth throughout. Bak. Flor. Brit. Ind.
If, 289. P. Brunonis Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5288. P. africana Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 52 not of R. Br. P. biglobosa Benth. in Hook. Journ. 1V,
328; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 283; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. I, 276. P.
intermedia Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 289; Pl. Jav. Rar. 414. Mimosa
biglobosa Roxb. Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 551 sat of Jacq.
Singarore ; cultivated, Ridley 6928! Matacca; Panchor, Goodenough
1748! Distris. Wild in Silhet, Cachar sons Chikbarot es cultivated
sparingly in Indo-China and Malaya. :
Mr. Goodenough gives the native name as “ Kada-ong ;” the seeds, he notes,
are used as peppermint. This species is said by Koorders and Valeton to be wild
in Java; the species cultivated by the Javanese is not, however. the present one,
but the next, P. speciosa Hassk. And it should be noted besides that the wild tree
in Java is not exvuctly the tree that is wild in Silhet, Cachar and Chittagong bnt is tae
form that Hasskarl proposed to treat as a distinct species under the name P. inter-
media. Mr. Ridley’s specimens, from the Singapore Gardens, are precisely like
those from Cachar and Chittagong (true P. Rowburghii); Mr. Goodenough’s, on the
other had, are absolutely identical with those from Java (true P. intermedia).
Before definitely deciding that P. intermedia and P. Roxhurghii are the same
species, the writer would wish to study the former in the living state ; it is often
a rashthing to reduce to another, from herbarium material alone, species founded
by so competent a botanist as Hasskarl; so far as our Calcutta specimens-go, the
evidence is altogether in favour of these two trees being quite distinct.
3. Parxra speciosa Hassk. Flora XXV. Beibl. 55. A large tree
with spreading branches, 80-100 feet high, stem 2-3 feet in diam., young
branches glabrescent. Leaves 2-pinnate, main-rachis pubescent, 8-10 in.
long; pinne 10-16 pairs, subalternate, secondary rachises puberulous, 3
in. long; leaflets small almost straight, linear, close-set, 20-35 pairs, sub-
equally isnot at base, obtuse or retuse at apex, °25 in. long, ‘1 in wide,
with strong median and 3-4 pairs of distinct secondary nerves beneath,
margins with only a few scattered hairs; petiolar part of main-rachis
1-1'5 in. long, with 1 solitary gland midway between base and lowest
pair of leaflets and with 2-6 solitary glands between the bases of as
many pairs of pinne towards apex of rachis. lowers in dense narrowly
clavate heads, 2 in. long, ‘75 in. in diam., peduncles slender 16-20 in.
long. Calyx tubniar, shortly 5-cleft, -25 in. long, teeth pilose, elsewhere
glabrous. Corolla tubular, white, segments subvalvate. Stamens 10,
exserted, the filaments connate below and adnate to corolla-tube; anthers
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 241
narrow. Pod (including stalk 2-5 in. long) 18-20 in. long, 2-2°5 in.
wide, ‘3 in. thick, black, glabrous. Seeds 12-18, oblong-oval, -9 in. long,
.°6 in. wide, °25 in. thick, dark-brown and smooth throughout. Hassk.
Cat. Hort. Bog. 289; Pl. Jav. Rar. 414; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 53. P.
macrocarpa Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 284. Acacia graveolens Jack,
Mal. Mise. II, 78. The Pere or PetHex.
Penanc; on the coast, cultivated, Curtis! Prov. WertLLEsLey;
Kunstler 1657 ! Perak; Thaiping, Scortechint 504! Larut, in dense jungle
from 500-2000 feet elev., local, Kunstler 5300! Disrris. Sumatra;
Java, (cult. Hasskarl !).
It would appear that this is the only species of Parkia truly wild in our area.
It has been identified by Father Scortechini with P. macrocarpa Miq., from
Sumatra, of which there is no authentic specimen at Calcutta; it certainly accords
admirably with Miquel’s description. There is at Calcutta an authentic example
of Hasskarl’s P. speciosa; it proves that the present species is no other than
Hasskarl’s plant, and as Hasskarl’s name has nearly twenty years’ priority it is here
adopted. In the Index Kewensis it is suggested that both P. intermedia and P.
speciosa may be forms of P. Rowburghit. To judge by Hasskarl’s description this
may be trne.of P. intermedia; as regards P. speciosa the suggestion is obviously
an impossible one.
While however, Hasskarl’s name P. speciosa is long anterior to Miquel’s, it does
not conserve the oldest specific name. ‘his tree is, as Hasskarl expressly admits,
(Neuer Schlwess. 50) the Pete of Rumphius (Herb. Amb. III, 51); it is equally the
Petek of Jack, to which Jack has given the name Acacia graveolens. The writer
does not propose, in the modern manner, to suggest that P. speciosa should there-
- fore be known as Parkia graveolens, though doubtless there are those who will seize
the opportunity of applying this name and of posing as authorities for the species.
It is strange that though evidently wild so near as in Sumatra and in the Malay
Peninsula, this species is only cultivated in Java, and that there, according to
Koorders and Valeton, its native country is unknown. These authors indeed
(Bijdr. I, 268) suggest that it is a native of British India. It certainly is not a
native of India proper; it is not even cultivated there. Gur Indian species are,
P. Roxburghii (P. biglobosc), wild in Silhet, Cachar and Chittagong; P. leiophylla,
wild in Pegu; and P. insignis, wild in Martaban. We in India also experience a
difficulty like that experienced by our Dutch colleagues, since there is a species P.,
biglandulosa, cultivated in India from Madras to Assam, of whose natural habitat
we are somewhat uncertain.
59. Enrapa Adans.
Woody unarmed climbers, with tendrils. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers
in long narrow spikes, minute, yellowish, polygamous. Calyx minute,
campanulate, equally 5-toothed. Corolla oblong in bud, the 5 long
equal narrow lobes falcate in expansion. Stamens 10, free, shortly
exserted, filaments filiform; anthers crowned with a gland. Ovary
subsessile, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma concave terminal, Pod
flat, woody, very large, composed of many discoid one-seeded joints,
Ea 1 lef
042 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
the endocarp persisting round the large compressed orbicular seeds.
Species 10, the others Trop. African and American.
EnraDA SCANDENS Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. IV. 332. <A very
large slender creeper ; branches woody terete glabrous. Leaves with
petiole 2-4 in. long, the rachis as long or longer ending usually in a
tendril ; pinne usually 4 with stalks 1°5—-2°5 in. long, leaflets oblong or
obovate, obtuse or acute, 1-2 in. long, °6—-1'25 in. wide, glabrous, dark-
green, rigidly coriaceous, shining above; petiolules ‘1 in. Inflorescence
of peduncled spikes, 6-10 in. long, usually panicled from the nodes of
old leafless branches, sometimes simple from the axils of the leaves.
Flowers ‘1—15 in. long, sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Calyx green,
5-toothed, teeth valvate. Corolla yellow. Pod 1-3 feet long, 3-4 in.
wide, 1°5 in. thick, slightly curved, sutures very thick indented between
seeds, valves woody depressed sublineate between the seeds, with a
tendency to segmentation. Seeds 5-15, oblong, somewhat flattened, 2
in. long, 2°25 in. wide, 1°25 in. thick, testa very dark-brown, thick tough
polished, slightly oily. Brand. For. Flor. 167; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 287. H. Pursetha DC. Prodr. II, 425; Wall. Cat. 5294; W.& A.
Prodr. 267; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 45; Scheff. in Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind.
XXXII. 412 t. 16, =. 18A. H. monostachya DC. Prodr. II, 425; Wall.
Cat. 5298. EH. Rheedet Spreng. Syst. II, 325. H. Parrana Spreng.
Syst. Il, 325. H. Rumphit Scheff. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. XXXII, 412
t. 17, t. 18B. Mimosa scandens Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. IJ. 1501; Roxb. Flor.
Ind. 554, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V. 5. t. 4; Rheede, Hort. Malab.
VIII. t. 32, 33, 34; IX, t. 77.
ANDAMANS; very common on the coasts. Nicopars: Kurz! Coco
Group; Prain! Narconpam ; Prain! Penane; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5293)!
Curtis 115! Manacca; Hervey! Derry! Perrak; Scortechini 769!
Kunstler 1018! 6228! Wray 1676! 1715! 2866! Disrris. Tropics
generally.
Rather variable as to number and size of leaflets; both the forms figured by
Scheffer occur in our area. That which he terms FE. Rumphii is much the commoner
in the Malay Peninsula: from the Andamans and Nicobars only the form
E. Pursetha is reported.
60. ADENANTHERA Linn.
Erect trees without spines or tendrils. Leaves ample, bipiunate.
Flowers minute, in narrow spike-like racemes, hermaphrodite, usually
pentamerous. Calyx campanulate, equally toothed. Petals valvate,
equal, lanceolate, cohering only at the very base. Stamens 10, free,
equalling the corolla; anthers tipped with a gland. Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod strap-shaped,
torulose, falcate, the coriaceous valves much twisted after they separate.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 243
Seeds small, bright-coloured. Species 4, spread hee tropics of Old
World.
Leaflets obtuse glabrous beneath ; pinnze 8-12 wae we Ll, A. pavonina.
Leaflets acute puberulous beneath ; pinnz 6-8 ... ve & Ay bicolor.
1. ADENANTHERA PAVONINA Linn. Sp. Pl. 384. A small unarmed
tree 20-50 feet high. Leaves with a petiole 2-4 in. long, rachis
prolonged 6-10 in. not produced beyond last pair of pinne ; pinnee 8-12
opposite, 3-6 in. long with stalk ‘5-75 in. long; leaflets alternate 10-16,
ovate or oblong, base wide-cuneate, apex seas papery, ‘5-1°5 in. long,
‘3-75 in. wide, dark-green above, pale glaucous beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces ; petiolule ‘15. in. long. Inflorescence of narrow short-
peduncled racemes 2-6 in. long, axillary or panicled at the ends of
branches. Flowers small, ‘15 in. long, on slender pedicels also °16 in.
long. Calyx green, lobes very small. Corolla pale-yellow, the petals
equal, valvate, narrow-lanceolate, free except at the base, glabrous.
Stamens 10, free, hardly exserted, anthers tipped by a gland. Pod flat,
6-9 in. long, *6 in. wide, °3 in. thick, contorted when ripe. Seeds 10-15,
lenticular, *35 in. in diam., ‘25 in. thick, with a smooth, shining, usually
uniformly red testa. DC. Prodr. II, 446; Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 370;
Wall, Cat. 5300; W. & A. Prodr. 271; Wight, Ill. t. 80; Bedd. FI.
Sylvat. t. 46; Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. I, 46; Bak. in Flor. Bite Ind. IT,
287.
ANDAMANS ; very common. PERAK; Thaiping, Scortechini 80 ! Inatang
Jambu, Wray 2515! Kenan; Langkawi, Curtis! Tonexan; Curtis’
Collector 3091! Matacca ; Griffith ! Disrris. Widespread in South-Hastern
Asia.
2. ADENANTHERA BICOLOR Moon, Cat. Pl. Ceyl. 34. A small slender
unarmed tree 20-30 feet high. Leaves with a petiole 1:5-2°5 in. long,
rachis prolonged 3-5 in., not produced beyond last pair of pinne ;
pinne 6-8 opposite, 2°5-4 in. long with stalk ‘3 in. long; leaflets alter-
nate 8-10, ovate or elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, rigidly subcoria-
ceous, °75-1°5 in. long, ‘5-75 in. wide, bright-greeu glabrous above, pale-
glaucous adpressed-puberulous beneath; petiolule ‘15 in. long. In-
florescence of narrow short-peduncled racemes 3-6 in. long, axillary or
panicled at the ends of branches. Flowers small, *15 in. long, on slender
pedicels also *15 in. long. Calyx green, lobes very small. Corolla white,
the petals equal, valvate, elliptic-lanceolate, free except at the very base,
glabrous. Stamens 10, free, distinctly shortly exserted, anthers tipped
by a stipitate gland. Ovary glabrous reddish. Pod flat, 4-6 in. long,
‘6 in. wide, 3 in. thick, contorted when ripe. Seeds 8-10, lenticular,
“35 in. in diam, ‘25 in. thick, with a smooth shining red, or black and
red testa. Thwaites Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 98; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. 94; Bak.
in Flor Brit. Ind. I, 287.
244 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Penance; Waterfall, Curtis 2840! King! Perak; Larut, Kunstler
3991! Scortechini 197! 1849! Assam Kumbong Wray 2124! Panxore;
Scortechint 1073! Srncaporse; Bukit Timah, Hullett 880! Bukit Mandai,
Ridley 3636 A! Maracoa; Miller! Griffith! Maingay 591! Derry 522!
The seeds are not always black and red but are sometimes concolorous red just
as is usualin A. pavonina. The nearest ally of this species is one obtained in
Borneo by Mr. Hullett. This Mr. Hullett notes as ‘‘a good-sized tree,” from
Sarawak (Hullett 292); Mr. Brace in the Calcutta Herbarium has named it A. borne-
ensis Brace. The diagnosis between the two species may be given as follows :—
Pinnze 3-4 pairs; leaflets 8-10, acute at apex, always under
2 in. long, 15 times as long as broad, pale-green above,
glaucous and puberulous beneath; flowers not longer than
pedicels oda ric Ai a? ;
Pinne 2 pairs; leaflets 4-5, acuminate at apex, usually over
2 in. long, twice as long as broad, dark-green above, glabrous
and not glaucous beneath ; flowers twice as long as pedicels... 2. <A. borneensis.
The flowers of A. borneensis are considerably larger than those of A. bicolor.
Dr. Griffith has noted that the Malay name of A. bicolor in Malacca is ‘“‘ Bunah
Saga;’’ Mr. Derry gives it as ‘‘ Saga.’”’
1. A. bicolor.
61. Neptunra Lour.
Herbs without prickles, Leaves bipinnate, with persistent stipules
and numerous small strap-shaped sensitive membranous leaflets. Flowers
minute, dimorphous, in dense heads on axillary peduncles, polygamous,
those of the lower part of the head bearing only protruded flattened
staminodia. Calyx minute, campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, strap-
shaped, connate near the base. Stamens of the perfect flowers exserted ;
anthers gland-crested. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled; style filiform,
stigma club-shaped. Pod coriaceous, flattened, ligulate or oblong, 2-
valved. Species 8; cosmopolitan in the tropics. _
NeEpTuNIA o“wRAcEA Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 654. An unarmed herb
with annual wide-creeping softish swollen stems, rarely emitting sub-
erect branches, rooting copiously at the leaf and flower-bearing nodes.
Leaves 2-pinnate, rachis (including petiole 1°5 in.) 2°5-3 in. long,
glabrous ; pinne 4—6, 2-3 in. long, with stalk ‘3 in. long; leaflets 8-15-
jugate, narrow-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, “35-"5 in. long, ‘2 in. wide.
Peduncles ascending 3-12 in. long, glabrous; flowers minute, in dense
heads ‘6-75 in. long, ‘6 in. across, the lower replaced by numerous
ligulate yellow staminodes *25-'3 in. long, bracts small ovate subobtuse.
Corolla *05 in. long. Pod oblong, oblique, ‘5-1 in, long, ‘35 in. wide,
beaked, dry, dehiscing early by the upper suture. Seeds 6-9, transverse,
narrow-oval, somewhat pointed towards hilum, obtuse at opposite end,
‘2 in. long, ‘12 in. wide, ‘1 in. thick, testa brown, polished. Benth. in
Hook. Journ. IV, 354; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 50; Bak. in. Flor. Brit. Ind.
1897.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 245
II, 285, Mimosa natans Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 119; Hort. Beng. 40; FI,
Ind. 553. Desmanthus natans Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1044; DC. Prodr. II,
444; Wall. Cat. 5295; W. & A. Prodr. 270. D. lacustris DC. Prodr,
Il, 444. D. stolonifer DC. Prodr. II, 444.
Penang; Bagian Jumal, Curtis! Prov. Weutrstey; Butterworth,
King !
62. Xyuia Benth.
Tall unarmed tree. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers in round heads,
mostly perfect. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed at the tip. Petals 5, valvate,
slightly united at the base, little longer than the calyx. Stamens 10,
free, exserted ; anthers gland-crested in an early stage. Ovary sessile,
many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute terminal. Pod large, woody,
oblong-falcate, finally dehiscing, flat, septate between the oblong com-
pressed seeds.— A single species.
XYLIA DOLABRIFORMIS Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. IV, 417. A
tree 80-100 feet high, unarmed. Leaves 2-pinnate ; pinne two, terminal
on a rachis or petiole 1-2 in. long; leaflets 2-4 pairs, diminishing
downward and with below the last pair on the outside a small unop-
posed leaflet; rachis of pinne 3—4 in. long with a gland on the upper
side between the bases of each pair of leafiets; terminal leaflets 3-6
in. Jong, 1°25-2'°5 in. wide, lowest pair 1°25-1'5 in. long; all oblong
with acute apex and rounded base, subcoriaceous, glabrous on both
surfaces; petiolule ‘1 in. long. Injlorescence of very dense globose heads
‘5-75 in. in diam. ; peduncles puberulous 3 in. long, slender, thickening
in fruit, crowded on short puberulous branchlets developed with the
young leaves. Calyx tubular ‘2 im. long; teeth 5, valvate. Corolla
cream-coloured, °25 in. long, petals shghtly cuneate at base, valvate,
lanceolate. Stamens 10, filaments free, exserted, °5 in. long, young
anthers very minutely gland-crested. Ovary sessile, many-oyuled.
Pods large woody, oblong-falcate, flat, ultimately dehiscent, 4—6 in. long,
1-2°5 in. wide, °35 in. thick, septate between the seeds. Seeds 6-10,
broadly ovate, much compressed, ‘65 in. long, *5 in. wide, ‘J in. thick ;
testa brown, shining, smooth. Bedd. FI. Sylvat. t. 186; Miq. Flor, Ind.
Bat. I, 42; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 286. Mimosa aylocarpa Roxb.
Cor. Pl. t. 100; Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. II, 543. Inga aylocarpa DC.
Prodr. II, 439; Wall. Cat. 5277; W. & A. Prodr. 269. I. lignosa Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5278. J. dolabriformis Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5279.
Singapore ; Wallick 5279. Disrris. India, Indo-China, Philippines.
63. Leuca#na Benth.
Unarmed erect trees. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers sessile, in dense
globose heads, 5-merous, usually perfect. Calyx cylindrical-campanulate
246 G. King— Materiuls for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 1,
shortly-toothed. Petals valvate, free. Stamens 10, free, much exserted ;
anthers not gland-crested. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform.
stigma minute terminal. Pod flat, coriaceous, strap-shaped, dehiscent,
Species 8, mostly American,
LevomjNA GLAUCA Benth. in Hook, Journ. Bot. IV, 416. A low erect
tree or large shrub, 6-20 feet high, without spines. Leaves 2-pinnate
4-6 in. long, petiole about 2-3 in.; pinne 4-8-jugate, 2-3 in. long, stalk
‘35 in. long; leaflets 10-15 pairs, linear-oblong, apex acute, base slightly
obliquely cuneate, glaucous, membranous, caducous, finely downy, *4—"5 in.
long, ‘1-15 in. wide. Inflorescence of very dense globose heads, *5-"75 in.
in diam. ; peduncles often geminate 1-1:25 in. long, slender, in fruit often
about 2 in. long and slightly thickened. Flowers 5-merous, usually all
perfect. Calyx cylindric-campanulate, teeth short valvate. Corolla white,
‘15 in. long, petals free, valvate. Stamens 10, exserted,°25 in. long, anthers
without glands. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled, softly sparsely pubescent;
style filiform, stigma small terminal. Pod straight, flat, coriaceous,
ligulate, dehiscent; 5-6 in. long, *4~5 in. wide; stalk *25-"5 in. long.
Seeds 15-20, transverse, narrow-ovate, compressed, apex obtuse, base
cuneate, ‘3 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, under ‘] in. thick, testa brown, shining.
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 41; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. If, 290. Acacia
frondosa Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1076; DC. Prodr. I], 468; W. & A. Prodr.
276. <A. glauca Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1075; DC. Prodr. IT, 467. A. biceps
Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1075; DC. Prodr. II, 467. A, leucocephala Link.
Enum. JI, 444; DC. Prodr. II, 467. .
KEDAH; in open jungle, Kunstler 1703! Perak; Lime-stone Hill,
Gapis, Scortechint 912! Sevancor; on hilly ground, Kunstler 1130!
Panane; Pulo Tawai, Ridley 2642! Penance; Water-fall, etc. Curtis
49! Srncarore; Maingay 583! Distris. Now cosmopolitan in the
tropics but probably originally American.
64. Mimosa Linn.
Shrubs or herbs, with or without prickles. Leaves (in the Malayan
species) bipinnate ; leaflets small, sensitive, ligulate, caducous. Wlowers
minute, in dense globose heads, polygamous, (in the Indian species) most-
ly tetramerous. Calyx campanulate, shortly toothed. Petals connate
towards the base. Stamens as many as, or twice the number of, the
petals, much exserted, filaments filiform, free; anthers not gland-crested.
Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute terminal, Pod
flat, membranous, made up of 1-seeded joints that separate, when mature,
from the sutures. Species 230, mostly confined to Trop. America.
Stamens 4; rachis of leaf bristly, stem bristly and prickly,
leaves digitately divided, sutures of pod prickly as oo. IL. M. pudiens
E97) G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 247
Stamens 8-10; rachis of leaf smooth, stem prickly not bristly,
leaves pinnately divided, sutures of pod not prickly ... .. 2. M. sepiaria.
1. Mimosa puprca Linn. Sp. Pl. 518. A diffusely spreading
undershrub rarely over 2 feet high, with stems and branchlets sparsely
prickly and copiously beset with deflexed bristles. Leaves very sensitive,
with usually 4 digitate pinne, sessile at the end of a petiole 2 in. or
more long, beset with ‘spreading bristles; stipules lanceolate °35 in.
long, striate, subscarious, with margins beset with spreading bristles ;
pinne 2°5-3°5 in. long, the rachis beset with ascending bristles; leaflets
12-20 pairs, glabrous above, sparsely adpressed-bristly beneath, sub-
coriaceous, narrow-oblong, obliquely acute at apex of upper angle,
obliquely rounded at lower side of sub-5-nerved base, main-nerve branch-
ing slightly upwards, ‘35 in. long, ‘15 in. wide; sessile. Inflorescence
capitate, the heads usually in pairs from axils all along the branches,
*35 in. in diam.; peduncles very slender *75-1 in. long, beset with spread-
ing prickles. Calyx campanulate, teeth short valvate. Corolla pink, ‘1
in. long, petals connate below valvate above. Stamens 4, much exserted,
filaments *3 in. long, filiform, free, anthers without glands. Ovary
stalked ; style filiform, stigma very small terminal. Pods flat, slightly
recurved, membranous, ‘6-1 in. long, ‘2 in. across, made up of 3-5 ']-seed-
ed joints that fall away when mature from the persistent armed sutures,
which are clothed with weak spreading yellowish-white bristles *15-'2
in. long. DC. Prodr. II, 426; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41; Wall. Cat. 5292 ;
Roxb. Flor. Ind. IT, 564; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 43; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 291. The Sensitive Puan.
ANDAMANS ; extremely common throughout the settlement. PENANG;
overspreading the whole coast-line, Curtis 1237! Stncarorn; T. Anderson
32! Maingay 584! DisrriB. Throughout S.-H. Asia, probably ori-
ginally introduced from America.
This, having been introduced into the settlement at Port Blairin the Andamans,
has there spread so much as to have become extremely troublesomes a large
labour force has to be constantly told off to try and keep it in check; its complete
eradication is apparently hopeless.
2. Mimosa seprARIA Benth, in Hook. Journ. Bot. IV, 395. A
woody shrub with puberulous branchlets soon glabrescent, sparingly
armed with strong compressed slightly recurved prickles. Leaves 2-
pinnate, rachis slightly downy 2 in, long (the petiolar part ‘75 in long) ;
pinne 6-8-jugate, 1°5 in. long, subsessile, upper side pubescent; leaflets
12-20-jugate, rigidly coriaceous, narrow-ligulate, caducous, ‘25-35 in.
long, ‘1—J5 in. wide, subacute at apex, obliquely truncate at lower side
of sub-5-nerved sessile base, main-nerve branching considerably up-
wards. Inflorescence capitate, the heads ‘25 in. in diam., arranged in
248 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
ample patent terminal panicles with puberulous main-rachis and com-
pound puberulous lower branches ; the whole 6-8 in. long, 46 in. wide,
peduncles of individual heads ‘5-75 in. long. Calyx campanulate,
teeth short, valvate. Corolla ‘05 in. long. Stamens 8-10, filaments free,
‘lin. long. Ovary stalked; style filiform, stigma small terminal. Pod
with a slender stalk ‘2 in. long, flat, almost straight, membranous, 1°5-2
in. Jong, ‘25 in. wide, made up of 6-8 glossy, finely reticulated 1-seeded
joints that fall away when mature from the persistent unarmed sutures.
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 291. M. nigrescens Maingay MSS.
Sincapore; Maingay 582! Anderson 34! Kurz! King! DistRt.
Occurs also in China and in Borneo, but no doubt is an introduction
from America; it is only found near clearings.
65. Acacia Willd.
Spinose or prickly shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves
bipinnate, with minute leaflets. Flowers in globose heads or cylindrical
spikes, hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually pentamerous.. Calyx
campanulate or funnel-shaped, shortly toothed. Petals exserted, united
in the lower half. Stamens free, indefinite, much exserted; anthers
minute, not gland-crested. Ovary stalked or sessile, many-ovuled ; style
filiform, stigma minute capitate, Pod ligulate or oblong, not jointed,
usually compressed and dry, dehiscent or indehiscent, rarely turgid or
subcylindrical, sutures straight or wavy, not thickened. Species 430 ;
the leafy groups cosmopolitan in the tropics, the great phyllodineous
series, which comprises two-thirds of the genus, almost restricted to
Australia. None of the species with spicate inflorescence occur within
our area.
Erect shrubs or small trees, with stipular spines, bracteate
pedicels and cylindric pods See .- 1. <A. Farnesiana.
Climbing shrubs, with non-spinescent bivizion. and with
prickly branches ; pedicels naked ; pods flat:—
Flower heads ‘4 in. across; leaflets narrow oblong .. 2. A. pseudo-Intsia.
Flower heads ‘2 in. across ; leaflets linear ... .. & A. pennata.
1. AcaciA Farnestana Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1083. A shrub or low
tree with slender zig-zag branches marked with grey dots. Leaves
2-pinnate ; rachis downy 1-1°5 in, long with a minute petiolar gland ;
pinne 8-16, 1-1'5 in. long; leaflets 10-20 pairs, green, subglabrous,
rigidly coriaceous, linear-oblong, ‘25 in. long, ‘05 in. wide; stipules
spinescent seldom over ‘25-35 in. long on the branchlets, persisting and
on old branches sometimes over 1 in. long, polished, white, straight.
Flowers in rounded heads ‘35 in. in diam., fragrant, bright yellow ; pedun-
cles crowded on axillary nodes, slender, puberulous, ‘75-1 in. long, with
a ring of small bracts at or near the apex. Calya campanulate, minute.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 249
Oorolla ‘05 in, long, teeth short obtuse. Pod thick cylindric glabrous,
2-3 in. long, ‘5 in. thick, dull-brown marked with fine horizontal striz ;
mesocarp pulpy enclosing the biseriate seeds. Seeds 12-18, ovate, °3 in.
long, ‘2 in. wide, ‘15 in. thick, smooth, dull-brown with faint lateral
areola. DC. Prodr. II, 461; Wall. Cat. 5264. A—F; Bedd. Flor.
Sylvat. t. 52; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 7; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.. If,
292. Mimosa Farnesiana Linn. Sp. Pl. 521; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40;
Flor. Ind. II, 557. Vachellia Farnesiana W.& A. Prodr. 272; Wight,
Ic. t. 300. Acacia indica Desv. Journ. Bot. I, 69; DC. Prodr. II, 462.
Farnesia odora Gaspar. Desc. Nuoy. Gen. Legum. (1838) with plate.
Planted in some of the provinces:—ANDAMANS; Kurz! PENnane;
Porter (Wall. Cat. 5264F) ! Panana; Katapong, Ridley 1246! Disrris.
Cosmopolitan (perhaps usually planted) in the tropics.
2. Acacia pseuDO-Inrs1s Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 12. A large
scandent shrub 12-20 feet high, the branches and branchlets armed
with many small sharp recurved glossy dark-coloured prickles; young
branches blackish, puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves 2-pinnate, rachis
8 in. long, puberulous or glabrescent, strongly armed with recurved
prickles beneath, petiolar portion 2°5 in. long with a large projecting
gland close to base on its upper surface; pinne 8-12-pairs, 2°5-3°5 in.
long, the upper 2—4 pairs with glands between their bases; leaflets
30-35 pairs, sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse, *4 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, rigidly
subcoriaceous, glabrous above, adpressed-puberulous or glabrous be-
neath. Flowers in rounded heads, ‘4 in. in diam., yellow, peduncles
‘5-75 in. long, slender, puberulous, naked, in clusters of 2-4, rarely
solitary along a panicle extending 10-12 in. beyond the leaves; bracts
large, ovate-acute or acuminate, ‘2-25 in. long. Calyx puberulous, ‘07
in. long. Corolla‘lin. long. Pod not seen.
Var. typica; bracts puberulous, pedicels ‘5 in. long, leaflets ad-
pressed-puberulous beneath.
Singapore; Changhi, Hullett 835! Ridley 3631! Bukit Timah,
Ridley 6177! Disrris. Sumatra, Java.
Var. ambigua Prain; bracts glabrous, pedicels °75 in. long, leaflets
quite glabrous beneath.
ANDAMANS ; very common, King’s Collectors !
In externals the Singapore plant much resembles A. caesia W. & A., the Anda-
mans one at the same time resembling 4. Intsia Willd. except in having the
leaflets crowded. Closer examination shows, however, that the natural alliance of
the species is rather with the group of forms aggregated under the name A. pennata ;
the large bracts, in particular, make all further comparison with the group to which
A. Intsia belongs an impossiblity.
Its nearest ally is a species from Northern Indo-China described by Kurz
under the name A. pruinescens from which this differs in having broader leaflets, in
oi. oo
250 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
having no bloom on the young branches, and particularly in having the large
petiolar gland very near the base of the petiole; the corresponding gland in
A. pruinescens is about an inch above the base. The two species A. pseudo-Intsia
and A, pruimescens taken together form a group that is almost exactly intermediate
between the A. Intsia and the A. pennata groups.
3. Acacta PennaTa Willd.; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 297. A
large scandent bush or strong creeper, sometimes extending for 50-60
feet, branches and branchlets armed with many small sharp slightly
recurved glossy brown or blackish prickles, young twigs faintly pubescent
or glabrous. Leaves 2-pinnate; the rachis 6 in. long, glabrous or
puberulous, prickly beneath or unarmed, petiolar portion ‘75-1 in. long
with a projecting large or small gland -4—5 in. above the base; pinne.
20-40 pairs, 1°25-2 in. long, the upper pairs with glands between their
bases ; leaflets 35-40 pairs, sessile, linear, *2—35 in. long, under ‘05 in.
wide, firm, glabrous. lowers in rounded heads ‘2 in. in diam., white or
pale-yellow, peduncles ‘5-7 in. long, slender, puberulous, naked, in
clusters of from 4-8 along a panicle extending 12-15 in. beyond the
leaves ; bracts small linear, ‘1 in. long. Calyx glabrous, *05 in. long,
campanulate. Corolla °07 in. long. Pod linear-oblong, acute or acumi-
nate at both ends, 4-6 in. long, ‘75-1 in. wide, flat, very thin, with a
stalk under ‘2 in. long, the sutures slightly thickened. Seeds flat, ovate,
‘4, in. long, ‘2 in. wide, under ‘] in. thick, faintly areolate, dull-brown,
smooth.
Var. arrophula Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. Ind. II. 298; leaf-rachis
almost glabrous, prickly beneath, peduncles 4—6-nate ; petiolar gland
large, inter-pinnular glands 2-3. A. arrophula Don. Prodr. Flor. Nep.
24:7 ?
ANDAMANS; very common. Drstris. India, Indo-China,
Var. pluricapitata Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 298; leaf-rachis
puberulous, not prickly, peduncles 6—8-nate ; petiolar gland small, inter-
pinnular glands 10-12. A, pluricapitata Steud. Nomencl. ed. II, I, 7;
Benth. Hook. Lond. Journ: I, 516; Pl. Jungh. I, 267. A. polycephala
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5255 not of DC.
Penana ; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5255)! Matacca; Griffith! Maingay
585! Derry 166! Holmberg 838! Hervey! Perak; Scortechini! Kunstler
482! 3332! 4876 ! 5504! 10800! Disrris. Malay Archipelago. |
Following the Flora of British India these two very distinct plants are here
treated as varieties of Acacia pennata. That A. pluricapitata is deserving of
specific rank seems aimost certain, and it is probably equally certain that the plant
here termed var. arrophula should also be separated specifically from A. pennata.
The point can only be satisfactorily settled in a monographic revision of the Indian
Acacias; pending the preparation of such a revision it seems better to deal with the
forms as they have been dealt with by Mr. Baker. The true A, pennata of Will-
denow is unknown from our area.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 251
66. SerraAntHes Benth.
Unarmed trees. Leaves 2-pinnate. Flowers racemose, very large,
5-merous, mostly hermaphrodite. Calyw deeply campanulate, deeply
toothed. Petals adnate to the base of the staminal column, free above.
Stamens monadelphous, very numerous ; anthers minute. Ovary sessile,
mauy-ovuled ; style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod large oblong,
almost woody, somewhat turgid, indehiscent, septate between the seeds.
Species 2, one in Malaya, one in Polynesia.
- SBRIANTHES GRANDIFLORA Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III,
225. A large unarmed tree with rusty-puberulous young branches.
Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis puberulous 7-9 in. long, with a large
sessile gland ‘25 in. above base and with small glands between the
bases of each pair of pinne; pinne 3—8-jugate, 3-4 in. long, puberu-
lous ; leaflets 6-12 pairs, obliquely oblong, subfalcate, obtuse, base ob-
liquely truncate, ‘5-1 in. long, ‘3-6 in. wide, rigidly subcoriaceous,
glossy-green above, paler dull reticulate-veined beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces. Flowers few, in axillary corymbose panicles 4-6 in. long,
main-rachis puberulous, peduncular portion 2 in. long, the branches
puberulous ‘5-7 in. long, each 2-4-fid ; pedicels densely tomentose ‘2
in. long; buds oblong or globose, 35 in. across. Calyw wide-cam-
panulate, ‘5 in. long, ‘35 in. wide with triangular teeth one-third the
length of tube, uniformly densely felted externally. Corolla yellow-
ish-white, 1:5 in. long, the segments densely woolly externally, glabrous
within. Filaments over 500, 2°5 in. long. Pod turgid, 6 in. long, 2°25
in. wide, °75 in. thick, epicarp thin brittle, endocarp woody ; sutures
thin, valves septate and slightly depressed between the seeds. Seeds
6-8, narrowly ovate, the long axis across the pod, °75 in. long, ‘3 in.
across, ‘15 in. thick, testa dark-brown, smooth but hardly shining, seed
faintly areolate, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 40; Bak. in. Flor. Brit. Ind.
II, 301. Inga Finlaysoniana Wall. Cat. 5284. I. grandiflora Wall. Cat.
5285. J. ventricosa Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5266 in part.
Singapore; Wallich/ Finlayson. Matacoa; Griffith ! Maingay 580 !
Distris. Malay Archipelago.
67. ENtTEROLOBIUM Mart.
Erect unarmed trees. Leaves bipinnate. lowers in globose heads,
5-merous, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx campanulate or subcampanu-
late, shortly toothed. Oorolla subinfundibuliform, the petals connate to
the middle. Stamens monadelphous much exserted; anthers small
not gland-crested. Ovary sessile many-ovuled; style filiform, stigma
minute capitate. Pod strap-shaped straight or curved, indehiscent,
mesocarp spongy at length hardening, or pulpy and soft, endocarp firm
252 G. King-—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
forming continuous septa between the seeds; the sutures thickened.
Species 5 or 6, all American; one introduced and now becoming sub-
spontaneous in S.-H. Asia.
ENTEROLOBIUM SAMAN Prain. A large spreading tree 40-60 feet high,
stem 3 feet or more thick, branches pubescent. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate,
rachis 4—6 in. long, pubescent, basal gland none but with glands between
the bases of each pair of pinne, single in the upper, paired in the lower
half of the rachis; pinne 4-6-jugate, 2-3 in. long, rachises pubescent
with glands between each pair of leaflets; leaflets decreasing down-
wards, 6-8-jugate in the upper, 3-5-jugate in the lower pinnae, ovate-
oblong rigidly coriaceous, glabrous above, densely pubescent beneath,
apex obtuse, base obliquely truncate,.main-nerve diagonal, terminal 1°5
in. long, ‘@ in. wide; stipules small lanceolate, densly pubescent,
deciduous. Flowers in dense heads 1°25 in. across, on pubescent pedicels
2°5 in. long, solitary or 2-3 together in the axils of the upper leaves,
each with a lanceolate pubescent bract °15 in. long and aslender puberu-
lous pedicel ‘05 in. long. Calyx infundibuliform, densely pubescent ex-
ternally, ‘15 in. long, teeth wide-triangular, short. Corolla pinkish, infun-
dibuliform, °3 in. long, tube puberulous outside, teeth ovate, externally
pubescent, half as longas tube. Filaments pink, 1:25 in. long, connate at
base in a tube one-third _as long as that of corolla. Pod straight, 6—7 in.
long, ‘6 in, wide, "35 in. thick, valves slightly depressed between the
seeds, sutures thickened, epicarp thinly crustaceous, mesocarp pulpy,
endocarp firmly crustaceous and forming continous septa between the
seeds. Seeds 16-20, transversely ovate, ‘4 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, ‘2 in,
thick, testa smooth brown shining with distinct duller darker-brown
ovate areola, without arillus. Inga Saman Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1024.
Pithecolobiwm Saman Benth. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III, 216. Cal-
liandra Saman Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 225. The Rarn Tree. —
PLANTED in many of the provinces and now appearing subspon-
taneously, at least in the Andamans and Nicobars. A native of Guiana;
introduced in the West Indies whence it has been sent to Asia,
This species, though of much more recent introduction than Pithecolobium dulce,
is also of some economic importance, owing to its rapidity of growth and the
readiness with which it thrives, as compared with most native species, when used
in the re-afforestation of abandoned clearings. The sweet pulpy pods, of which it
produces an abundant crop, are greedily eaten by cattle.
When Mr. Bentham tentatively placed the species in Pithecolobium he explained
that the tree was unknown to him, Dr. Grisebach, who had the advantage of study-
ing the tree in the living state, at once recognised that it cannot possibly be a
Pithecolobiwm and placed it in Calliandra, no doubt owing to the sutures of its pods
being thickened as in that genus. That the pods are septate and indehiscent mili-
tates however against his proposal, for the crucial test of a Calliandra is that its pods,
which may not be septate, shall dehisce elastically from apex to base, ‘The Index
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 253
Kewensis has therefore replaced the ‘ Rain-Tree’ in Pithecolobiwm; this, however, is
a step which in turn similarly mars the generic limits of that group since the pods
of Pithecolobiwm must not be septate. The writer places the species with more con-
fidence in Enterolobiwm owing to its possessing the septate pods characteristic of
that genus. The pulpy, in place of spongy at length indurated mesocarp, and the
shortly pedicelled in place of sessile florets, cannot, in view of the variability of
these characters within adjacent genera, be considered more than comparatively
trivial deviations from the hitherto recognised characters of Enterolobium. The
writer is unable, both on academic and on practical grounds, to agree with the pro-
posal, made by some botanists, to amalgamate Calliandra, Pithecolobium, Enterolo-
bium and Albizzia.
68. CaLLIANDRA Benth.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves bipinnate, with small or large leaflets.
Flowers in globose heads, polygamous, 5-merous. Calyx campanulate,
toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, deeply 5-cleft. Stamens indéfinite,
monadelphous at the base, filaments filiform much exserted ; anthers
minute, not gland-crested. Ovary stalked, many-ovuled ; style filiform,
stigma minute capitate. Pod strap-shaped, slightly falcate, flat, rigidly
coriaceous, the valves dehiscing with elasticity, bordered by much-
thickened sutures, continuous within, narrowed gradually to a short
stalk. Species 80, mostly tropical American.
CALLIANDRA uMBROSA Benth. in Gen. PI. I, 597. A tree 20-25 feet
high, with slender glabrous branches and sometimes with small suberect
stipular spines. Leaves 2-pinnate, petiole 1:25 in. long, glabrous ; pinne
2, terminal, each with rachis 1:25-1°5 in. long, with a pair of large
sessile, oblique, oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous end-leaflets, acute at apex,
cuneate at base, 6 in. long, 2 in. wide and with an odd similar but
much smaller leaflet 1°5-2 in. long, *5-°75 mm. wide, on the outer side
below; leaflets all glabrous on both sides, rather distinctly nerved
beneath and each with a gland on rachis at base. Flowers sessile in
small dense globose heads ‘4 in. across, with minute bracts, on short
ascending slender peduncles ‘4-5 in. long, usually several together
from old nodes on the branches ; elongating in fruit to 15-2 in. Calya#
campanulate, teeth valvate, Corolla ‘12 in. long, yellow, inodorous.
Pod 6-9 in. long, ‘75-1 in. wide, smooth, finely veined, the valves with
elevated rounded thickened edges. Seeds 6-9, ovate, °5 in. long, ‘35 in.
wide, long diameter transverse, very much compressed ; testa smooth
shining thin crustaceous brown, Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 302. Inga
umbrosa Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 124; Cat. 52738. Albizzia umbrosa Benth.
in Hook. Lond. Journ. III, 86. ;
Penance ; fide Baker in Flora of British India.
There are no Malayan specimens at Calcutta; Mr. Baker, however, alludes to
the existence of Penang examples.
254 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1
69, AwBizzia Durazz.
Large trees or, sometimes, (A. myriophylla) shrubs usually climb-
ing. Leaves bipinnate. lowers (in the Indian species) in globose
heads, sessile or pedicellate, usually pentamerous and all hermaphro-
dite. Calyx campanulate or funnel-shaped, distinctly toothed. Corolla
funnel-shaped, petals firmly united below the middle, Stamens inde-
finite, monadelphous at the base, filaments several times the length of
the corolla; anthers minute, not gland-crested. Ovary sessile or shortly-
stalked; style filiform, stigma capitate minute. Pod large, thin, flat,
strap-shaped, straight, indehiscent or subindehiscent, continuous nei
the sutures not thickened, Dusrris. Species 25-30, spread through the
Tropics of the Old World.
Shrub, often climbing, the pulvinus below leaf-base en-
jarging into a firm short recurved hook; the leaflets (nu-
merous) narrowly linear with a median main-nerve -. Ll. A. myriophylla.
Erect usually large trees, pulvinus not accrescent; the 4%
leaflets ovate or oblong, or if linear with the main-nerve
nearly marginal :—
Main-nerve close to upper margin; leaflets (numerous)
dimidiate-lanceolate ; ey very large ; (flowers shortly
pedicellate ) es .. 2. A. stipulata.
Main-nerve removed one-third to one-half is width of
leaflet from upper margin; leaflets ovate or oblong;
stipules small :—
Leaflets never more than 2 in. long, rather numerous :—
Glands confined to main-rachis of leaf, leaflets
sessile or subsessile :— .
Florets pedicellate :—
Pinne never more than 4-jugate :—
Umbels small, few-fid., pedicels longer than
calyx ante oes eee oo. 38. A, littoralis,
Umbels large, many-fid., pedicels not longer
than calyx ... «. 4. A, Lebbek.
Pinne 6-12-jugate ; BhaeWigent oe very large
and sinuate along the sutures Be 5. A. pedicellata.
Florets sessile ; main- nerve nearer upper en whee
leaf-margin Sine bee 6. A. odoratissima,
Glands on the secondary rachises as well as on rr
main-rachis, leaflets shortly Rr aed ; Soi
sessile) ' oes 7. A. procera.
Leaflets few, large ; the terminal pairs 4 in. cipniges (main
and secondary rachises both gland- Cer pinnee
normally l-jugate) . vos) 8. Al lucida,
1. ALBIZZIA MYRLOPHYLLA Benth. in cok Lond. Journ. Bot. III,
90. An evergreen unarmed shrub or strong climber 15-20 feet long if
climbing, 8-12 ft. high if unsupported, the young shoots shortly tawny-
_
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 255
pubescent, bark thinnish, dark-brown, much lenticelled. Leaves evenly
2-pinnate; rachis 5-9 in. long, densely tawny-pubescent, with a medium
sessile gland very near the base and with 2-4 small glands between
the bases of as many pairs of distal pinne, stipules subpersistent,
subulate, puberulous, ‘15 in. long, deciduous ; pulvinus hardening into
a recurved almost woody hook; pinne 12-20-jugate, 1-1:5 in. long,
their rachises sparsely pubescent; leaflets 35-50 pairs, crowded,
linear, sessile, slightly falcate, apex subacute, base slightly oblique,
rigidly chartaceous, ‘2-25 in. long, ‘07 in. wide, dark-green and glabrous
above, margin ciliolate or glabrous, paler beneath and glabrous or
sometimes sparsely adpressed-pubescent; midrib central. Flowers in
small 10-20-fld. heads ‘5 in. across, pale-yellow with greenish-yellow
stamens, or white ; peduncles slender puberulous, -4—5 in. long, solitary
or 2-6 together on nodes in the upper half of pubescent corymbose
branchlets 1-1°5 in. long, with pubescent ovate-acute bracts -2 in. long, .
usually accompanied by 2 subulate stipules like those of the leaves, the
branchlets disposed in terminal leafy panicles 4~8 in. long, 2~4 in.
wide; pedicels 0. Calyx campanulate, teeth small, ovate-acute, tube
externally densely pubescent, ‘04 in. long. Corolla infundibuliform,
yellowish or white, ‘15 in. long, teeth ovate-lanceolate one-third the
tube and like it uniformly externally softly puberulous. Filaments
few, 12-20, united below in a white tube half as long as that of corolla,
free portion greenish or white, °4 in. long. Pod dehiscent, 4—5 in. long,
"8-1-2 in. wide, thin, flexible, bright-brown, smooth and shining; op-
posite the seeds darker and distinctly reticulated. Seeds 6-8, obovate,
apex obtuse, base cuneate, ‘25 in, long, °2 in wide, much compressed,
testa dull-brown, smooth, distinctly areolate. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind,
II, 3800. Acacia myriophylla Grah. in Wall. Cat. 0242. A. foliolosa
Grah. in Wall, Cat. 5241. Mimosa microphylla Roxb. Fl. Ind. 11, 549.
Kepan; Langkawi, Curtis 2135! 2801! Penane ; Curtis 718! 1702
Kunstler 1444! Perak; Scortechini 28! 128!
This does not become a tree. When a climber it has not the assistance, as in
‘climbing Acacias, of prickles; it developes however hard recurved hooks, that help
to serve as hold-fasts, from the thickening of the pulvini at the leaf-bases.
2. ALBIZZIA STIPULATA Boiy. Enycl. XIX Siécle II, 33. An un-
armed evergreen tree, often 100-120 feet high, young shoots finely grey-
downy, bark dark-grey rugose, stem 3-4 feet thick; heart-wood dark.
brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis 6-18 in. long, pubescent, with
a large sessile gland | in above the base and with 2-6 small between
the bases of as many distal pairs of pinne; pinne 6—20-jugate, the
secondary rachises tawny-pubescent, 2°5—4 in. long; leaflets 20-45.
jugate, dimidiately falcate-lanceolate, Sessile, apex acute slightly pointed
256 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
forward, base obliquely rounded on lower margin, membranous, ‘25-3
in. long, ‘1 in. wide, pale-green glabrous above, glaucous finely downy
beneath, the midrib very close to the upper margin ; stipules very large,
usually 1-1-5 in. long, ‘4in wide, obliquely cordate-acuminate, velvety-
pubescent beneath, puberulous above. Flowers in numerous heads 1°75
in. across, yellowish-white, the stamens often more or less flushed with
pink ; peduncles pubescent 1:25 in. long, solitary or in fascicles of 2-4
on nodes in the upper half of pubescent racemose branchlets 3-5 in.
long, with large pubescent deciduous ovate-acuminate bracts ‘5 in. long,
the branchlets in panicles 8-12 in. long, 6-8 in. wide, at the ends of
leafy branches; pedicels ‘(05 in. long, pubescent. Calyaz ‘1 in. long,
infundibuliform, teeth short acute, densely uniformly pubescent exter-
nally. Corolla ‘2 in. long, teeth lanceolate acute, half as long as tube
and like it densely-pubescent outside. Filaments connate at the base
in a yellowish tube longer than that of corolla, the free portion of
filaments yellowish with a pink flush, or white, ‘75 in. long. Pod inde-
hiscent 5-6 in. long, °75-1 in. wide, thin, rigid, pale-brown, dull ;
valves faintly wide-reticulate. Seeds 8-10, ovate, -25 in. long, ‘2 in.
wide, much compressed, testa dark-brown, smooth, dull, not areolate.
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III, 92; Bedd. FI. Sylvat. t. 55;
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1, 28; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind, 1I, 300. Acacia
stipulata DC. Prodr. II, 469; Wall. Cat. 5326; W. & A. Prodr.
274. A. Smithiana Wall. Cat. 5237. A. marginata Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 5248. Mimosa Smithiana Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Fl. Ind. II,
550. M, stipulata Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40. ZL. stipulacea Roxb. FI. Ind.
II, 549. Arthrosprion stipulatum Hassk. Retzia I, 212. The Wuiis
Siris.
ANDAMANS; rare, H. H. Man! Nicopars; Kamorta, common, Kurz!
Disrriz. Throughout South-Hastern Asia.
This was once found by Mr. Man in the forests of South Andaman many years
ago ; none of the numerous collections made in the group during recent years contain
any specimens of the species. It becomes quite common again in the Nicobars and
in the Malay Archipelago it seems to be as plentiful as it is in India and Indo-
China. But from the intervening Malay Peninsula no collector has ever sent a
specimen to Calcutta. ;
Miquel describes three varieties :—
(a.) typica with greenish stamens.
(B.) vegeta with pinkish stamens.
(y.) stipulis persistentibus with permanent, more pubescent stipules.
But his varieties (8.) and (y.) are only forms of one tree and that tree is what
constitutes in reality typical A. stipulata. What Miquel treats as VAR. typica is
Roxburgh’s Mimosa Smithiana, which has smail stipules, and is, if not a distinct
species, certainly a very good variety. The Andamans and Nicobars tree is true
A, stipulata; the other form has not been met with in our area.
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 257
3. ALBIZZIA LITYORALIS Teysm. & Binnend., Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind,
XXIX, 259. Anunarmed tree 30-40 feet high, young branches glabrous,
lenticelled ; with ash-grey bark. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate; rachis glab-
rous, 4-8 in. long, with a large sessilé gland near base ; pinnee 2—4-jugate,
the distal pair 4-5 in. long with leaflets 5-6-jugate, the proximal 3-4
in. long, leaflets 3-4-jugate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse
or retuse, base obliquely rounded, or rounded on lower cuneate on upper
margin, subsessile, submembranous, glabrous pale-green above, faintly
puberulous glaucescent beneath, *75—1:25 in. long, ‘4-75 iu. wide. Flowers
in small few-fid. umbels, under 5 in. across, white with pink stamens ;
peduncles slender the longest 1‘5 in. long, glabrous or puberulous, corym-
bosely arranged on leafless branchlets 1-3 in. long, themselves disposed
ina terminal corymbose panicle; pedicels *2—'25 in. long, very slender,
glabrous. Calyz ‘1 in. long, teeth obscure, tube pubescent. Corolla ‘2
in. long, teeth ovate-lanceolate, externally closely grey-silky as is the
tube. Filaments connate at base in a uniform white tube shorter than
corolla, the free portion of filaments pink. Pud 6-7 in. long, 1 in. wide,
linear, tapering at both ends, flat, much compressed, glossy pale greenish-
brown, uniformly wide-reticulate. Seeds 12-16, transversely oval, much
compressed, ‘4 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, ‘1 in. thick, testa smooth brown.
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XIV, 2, 129.
Nicosars; Nancowry, Jelinek! King’s Collector! Great Nicobar,
Jelinek. Punanc; Pulo Jungah, Curtis! Distrizs. Malay Archipelago.
The Nicobarese name is ‘‘ Unjiha ;”” the name in the Moluccas is “ Kellor-laut.”
4, Axpizzis Leppex Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. IIT, 87.
An unarmed deciduous tree 40-70 feet high, young shoots puberulous or
almost glabrous; with pale bark. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate; rachis 3-9
in. long with a large sessile gland near base; pinne 2-3- (less often 4-,
rarely 1- ) jugate, 4 in. long with a gland on the main-rachis above
between the bases of the distal, sometimes of the 2 distal pinne ; leaflets
5-9-jugate, often with glands between their bases, elliptic-oblong or the
upper more oblique and obovate-oblong, very obtuse or retuse, base
obliquely rounded, or rounded on lower, cuneate on upper margin,
subsessile, glabrous above, glabrous or faintly pubescent beneath, reticu-
late, pale-green, 1—2 in, long, ‘5-75 in. wide. lowers in globular sub-
capitate umbels 1°25 in. across, white and fragrant ; peduncles 2-4 in.
long, glabrous or puberulous, solitary or 2-4 together from axils of upper
leaves, or corymbose at the ends of short leafless branches ; pedicels
"1-15 in. long, slender, puberulous. Oalyx *15—2 in. long, teeth short
deltoid, tube glabrous or puberulous. Corolla *3 in. long, tube glabrous,
the teeth ovate-lanceolate, externally pubescent. Filaments connate at
base in a uniform tube shorter than corolla, Pod 4-12 in. long, 1-2 in,
J. u. 33
258 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
broad ; linear-oblong, blunt at both ends, flat, much compressed, with
slightly thickened sutures, smooth, glossy, pale straw-coloured except
opposite the seeds, there reticulated, pale-brown. Seeds 4-12, trans-
versely oval, much compressed, ‘6 in. long, ‘3 in. wide, ‘1 in. thick,
testa smooth, pale-brown. Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 53; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 298. <Albizzia latifolia Boiv. Encye. II, 33; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 22. Acacia Lebbek Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1066; DC. Prodr. II, 466.
Acacia speciosa Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1066; DC. Prodr. II, 467; W. & A.
Prodr. 275. Acacia Sirissa Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5265, Mimosa speciosa
Jacq. Ic. t. 108. M. Sirissa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Flor. Ind. II, 544.
The Siris.
Planted in some of the provinces:—ANnpDAmMAns; Kurz! Penance;
Curtis 296! Disrris. Planted throughout the tropics; appears to be
wild in the drier regions of Asia and Africa.
5. ALBIZZiA PEDICELLATA Bak. ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
XXX, 563. A tall erect unarmed tree sometimes over 100 feet high,
young shoots dark-coloured, faintly rusty-puberulous, bark dark-
coloured ; stem 3 feet in diam., heart-wood black. Leaves evenly 2-pin-
nate; rachis 5-8 in. long, with a large sessile gland ‘5 in. above base,
stipules persisting as two firm recurved thickly coriaceous hooklets ;
pinne 6—]2-jugate, 46 in. long, the main and secondary rachises alike
puberulous; leaflets 12—16-jugate, oblong-obtuse, sessile, with slightly
obliquely rounded base, rigidly subcoriaceous, *5—"75 in long, ‘3-4 in.
wide, dark-green above, pale but hardly glaucescent beneath, reticu-
late-veined, quite glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers in many-fid.
umbels ‘75-1 in. across, yellowish-winte with green stamens ; pedun-
cles slender finely pubescent, 1-1:25 in. long, panicled in fascicles of 2-8
on nodes towards the apices of numerous axillary main-rachises, the
nodes sometimes evolved as branchlets 1-2 in. long so as to form com-
pound umbels; main-rachis puberulous, the peduncular portion beneath
the flowers 3 in. long towards ends of branches, to 12-15 in. long in
the axils lower down; pedicels rusty-pubescent very slender, *25—3
in. long. Oalye "15 in. long, teeth short deltoid, densely pubescent
externally. Corolla *3 in. long, teeth ovate-acute externally, densely
pubescent as is the tube. Filaments connate at base in a white tube
shorter than corolla, free portions of filaments over 1 in. long, bright-
green. Pod indehiscent, 12-18 in. long, 2°25—-2°5 in. wide, very thin
and brittle, pale yellowish-brown, very faintly reticulated opposite the
seeds, sinuate-repand along the unthickened sutures, Seeds 6-9, trans-
versely ovate, ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, much compressed, testa smooth
dark-brown. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 299.
Perak ; Goping, Ulu Bubong, etc. Kunstler 4474! 7988! 10436!
1897.] G. King— Materials for a! Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 259
Peananc; Waterfall, Curtis 1921! Matacca; Maingay 581! 586!
Goodenough, 1796! Stneaporr; Kranji Road, Ridley 6297 !
A very fine species.
6. ALBIZZIA ODORATISSIMA Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ITI,
88. A tall erect unarmed tree sometimes 100 feet high, young shoots
rather dark-coloured, stem 2-2°5 feet in diam., heart-wood black.
Leaves evenly 2-pinnate; rachis 6-12 in. long, finely-downy, with a large
sessile gland ‘5 in. above base and 1-2 small ones between the bases of
the distal pairs of pinnz, stipules small quite deciduous; pinne 3-4-
(rarely 2-) jugate, usually 5-8 in. long, the secondary rachises glabrous
or pubescent ; leaflets 8-24-jugate, obliquely oblong, sessile, obtuse, with
very obliquely rounded base, rigidly subcoriaceous, ‘75-1 in. long, *3-"5
in. wide, dark-green above, glaucescent beneath, recticulate-veined, the
midrib removed by one-third from, and parallel to, the upper edge,
glabrous or faintly sparsely adpressed-hairy above, more densely ad-
pressed-hairy beneath. Flowers in numerous small 10-12-fid. heads,
‘75-1 in. across, yellowish-white with pale-yellow stamens; peduncles
slender, puberulous, 75 in. long, solitary or oftener in fascicles of 3-6 on
nodes in the upper third of numerous small corymbose branchlets 2-275
in. long, themselves in panicles 8-12 in. long at the ends of leafy
branches; pedicels 0. Calya 05 in. long, teeth obsolete, tube campanul-
ate, externally densely pubescent. Corolla ‘15 in. long, oblong in bud,
teeth ovate-lanceolate, externally densely grey-silky as is the tube.
Filaments connate at the base in a white tube half as long as that of the
corolla, free portion of filaments *4 in. long, pale-yellow. Pod indehis-
cent, 6-9 in. long, 1'2-1°6 in. wide, thin, flexible, warm-brown, glossy or
dull, sutures straight or slightly repand; valves uniformly wide-reticu-
late. Seeds 8-12, broadly ovate, ‘3 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, much com-
pressed, testa smooth, dull greenish-yellow, faintly areolate. Bedd. Flor.
Sylvat. t. 54; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 299. Albizzia micrantha
Boiv. Encye. II, 34; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 24. Acacia odoratissima
Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1063; DC. Prodr. II, 466; Wall. Cat. 5234; W. &
A. Prodr. 275. Acacia lomatocarpa DC. Prodr. II, 467. Mimosa odora-
tissima Linn. f. Suppl. 437; Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 120; Hort. Beng. 40; FI.
Ind. II, 546. Mimosa marginata Lamk. Encyc. Meth. 1,12. The Brack
Siris.
Matacca; (fide Baker). Distris. India and Indo-China.
Mr. Baker notes the presence of this in Malacca and the species is therefore
included here. It is, however, possible that Mr. Baker’s specimens are from
planted trees, for no botanist has ever communicated Malayan specimens to the
Calcutta Herbarinm,
7, AvBIzzIA PROCERA Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III, 89.
260 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
An erect unarmed tree 60-80 feet high, young shoots rather pale, much
lenticelled, subrugose, glabrous, bark pale-gray outside reddish within,
stem 1°5-2 feet in diam.; heart-wood brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate ;
rachis 12-18 in. long, glabrous, with a large gland ‘25 in. above the base ;
pinne 2-6-jugate, 5-6 in. long, secondary rachises glabrous, with sessile
ovate gland below the last pair of leaflets; leaflets 6-12 jugate,
obliquely ovate to ovate-oblong with petiolules ‘05 in. long, blunt or
subacute, the base obliquely cuneate on upper rounded on lower margin;
thinly coriaceous, 1-1°5 in, long, (in young trees sometimes 2 in. long)
and ‘6-8 in. wide, dark-green glabrous above, paler beneath and when
young densely silvery later sparsely adpressed-pubescent. Flowers in
numerous small 20-25-fid. heads, *75 in, across, yellowish-white with
pale-yellow stamens; peduncles slender puberulous or glabrous, °5 in.
long, in fascicles of 3-5, less often solitary on nodes in the upper half of
numerous racemose branchlets 3-5 in. long at the ends of leafy branches;
pedicels 0. Calyx ‘1 in. long, teeth triangular distinct, glabrous extern-
ally asis the tube. Corolla ‘25 in. long, teeth lanceolate half as long as
tube, densely uniformly pubescent externally. Filaments connate at base
in a yellow tube as long as that of corolla, free portion of filaments °35
in. long, greenish-yellow. Pod at length dehiscent, 4-8 in. long, ‘°7—9
in. wide, thin, flexible, bright reddish-brown, glossy, sutures straight,
slightly thickened; valves not reticulated. Seeds 6-12, broadly ovate,
‘35 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, much compressed, testa smooth pale-brown. |
Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. 96; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 21; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. II, 299. Acacia procera Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 1063; DC. Prodr. II,
466; W.& A, Prodr, 275. Acacia elata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5233;
Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 261 (not Mimosa elata Roxb.). Mimosa
procera Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 121; Hort. Beng. 93; Flor. Ind, II, 548.
AnpAmAns; Coco Group, common, Prain! Distriz. Indo-China,
China; Malay Archipelago. |
It is strange that though this species extends from Nepal to Central China on
the north and from Java to the Philippines on the south, it should never have been
collected in the Malay Peninsula. More extraordinary still, though quite common
at the north end of the Andamans, it seems to be altogether absent from the southern
islands of that group and from the Nicobars.
8. AwLBizzIA LUCIDA Benth. in Hook. Lond, Journ. Bot. IIT, 86. An
unarmed deciduous tree 50-60 feet high, all parts glabrous, bark thin,
greyish, pustular, stem ]-1°5 feet in diam. ; heart-wood pale-brown. Leaves
evenly 2-pinnate, rachis 1'5-2°5 in. long, quite glabrous, with a sessile
cup-shaped gland ‘3-8 in. above the base and with another near the
tip; pinne usually l-jugate with secondary rachis 2-3°5 in. long, with
a gland on upper side ‘25 in. below the distal pair of leaflets and often
.with a second ‘25 in. below the penultimate pair, the leaflets usually 2-»
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 261
sometimes 3-, rarely l-jugate, (when leaflets 3-jugate on the distal
pinne, leaves occasionally with a second pair of pinne with short
eglandular rachis under ‘5 in, long, bearing 1 pair of small leaflets) ;
leaflets ovate to elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex rather abrupt-
ly acuminate, base obliquely cuneate, glossy dark-green above, dull paler
beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, thinly chartaceous, decreasing down-
wards, the distal pairs 4 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, the lowest 15 in. long,
‘7 in. wide. Flowers in small heads ‘6-*7 in. across, yellowish; pedun-
cles slender, faintly puberulous, *75-1 in. long, solitary or in fascicles of
2-3 in corymbs on nodes in the upper fourth, or subumbellate at the
tips, of numerous branchlets 15-6 in. long, themselves in corymbose
panicles 8-10 in. long and nearly as wide, at the ends of leafy branches ;
pedicels ‘05-1 in. long. Calyx ‘07 in. long, campanulate, faintly toothed,
externally puberulous. Corolla ‘2 in. long, teeth lanceolate, uniformly
sparsely silky externally. Filaments connate at base in a white tube
slightly shorter than that of corolla, free portion of filaments °35 in.
long, pale-yellow. Pod at length dehiscent, 6-10 in. long, 1-125 in.
wide, thin, flexible, pale-brown, dull, reticulated opposite the seeds,
smooth glossy elsewhere. Seeds 6-8, orbicular, °3 in. in diam., much
compressed, testa smooth, pale-brown. Benth. Pl. Jungh. 268; Miq.
Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 18; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IT, 299. Mimosa lucida
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Flor. Ind. II, 544. Inga lucida Wall. Cat. 5267
mostly.
Singapore: fide Baker, Drsrris. Hastern Himalaya and Indo-
China; also Java (fide Miquel).
Like A. odoratissima this species is included on the authority of Mr. Baker, who
records it from the Malayan Peninsula. Dr. Miquel reports it also from Java, but
no British or Dutch botanist has ever sent a Malayan specimen to Calcutta.
70. PitrHEcoLopium Mart.
Erect trees. Leaves abruptly 2-pinnate. Flowers in globose heads,
rarely in small loose spikes or subumbellate corymbs, usually herma-
phrodite and pentamerous. Calyx campanulate or funnel-shaped, shortly
toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, the petals united below from one-half
to two-thirds their length. Stamens monadelphous, much exserted ;
anthers without glands. Ovary sessile or stipitate, many-ovuled ;
style filiform, stigma minute capitate. Pod strap-shaped, circinate or
rarely falcate or nearly straight, usually dehiscent throughout the
lower suture and much.twisted in a late stage, sutures not or slightly
thickened.
Species about 100; cosmopolitan in the Tropics, about 80°/, Ameri-
can, ovly 1-2 African.
262
Armed with spinescent stipules; seeds arillate; (pinnz
of leaves 1-jugate, their rachises gland-bearing; leaflets
1-jugate ; pods close-spiral, dehiscent along lower suture,
testa of distant seeds thin) i. are ‘
Unarmed ; seeds without arillus :—
Pod indehiscent, (horse-shoe shaped), seeds (distant) with
a thick leathery testa; (pinne 1-jugate, their rachises
gland-bearing, leaflets glabrous 2-jugate) ... a
Pods dehiscent, seeds with a thin crustaceous testa :—
Pods straight or slightly faleate, opening along both
sutures, valves thick, fleshy, seeds close-set, matually
compressed ; (pinnz l-jugate, their rachises gland-
bearing, leaflets glabrous 1-2-jugate)
Pods spirally twisted, opening only along the rian
suture, valves coriaceous, seeds distant :—
Pods deeply lobed between the seeds half-way down
to upper suture or further, dehiscing only opposite
the seeds; (pinnze l-jugate, their rachises gland-
bearing, leaflets glabrous 2-3-jugate)
Pods only faintly sinuate on lower suture between the
seeds, dehiscence along lower suture continuous :—
Pinne 1l-jugate without glands on their rachises ;
(leaflets glabrous) :—
Pods large, ‘75 in. broad ; seeds somewhat com-
pressed, ‘6 in. long ; leaflets 2-jugute apex acute
Pods small, *4 in. broad; seeds pisiform, ‘2 in.
across ; leaflets a Gee apex caudate-acumi-
nate aes ‘ eee
Pinnz more than 1- jaentee or, if caupily 1-jugate
then with glands on their rachises ; (pods large) :—
Pods broad, 1°25 in. wide or more; leaflets very
large, glabrous; (pinnz 2-jugate, distal much
exceeding the proximal casually absent pair) :—
Rachises of pinnee with glands between each
pair of leaflets; flowers in dense many-fid.
heads °75 in. across; leaflets shining on both
surfaces; branches of panicle terete a
Rachises of pinnze with glands between bases of
terminal leaflets only ; flowers in few-fid. heads
*2 in. across; leaflets duJl beneath, branches of
panicle subcompressed
Pods narrow, °75 in. wide or less ; rantiGlia medium
or small, puberulous or pubescent beneath :—
Flowers large (‘5 in. long); pod long-stipitate,
seeds with long axis parallel to sutures;
(pinnez 2-jugate or casually 1-jugate, leaflets
medium ; branches terete) Aa “es
Flowers small (under °25 in. long) ; pod short-
stipitate, seeds with long axis transverse :—-
G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
1. P. dulce.
2. P. confertum.
3. P. bubalinum.
4, P.lobatum.
5. FP. nicobaricum.
6. P. microcarpum,
7. P. affine.
8. P. ellipticum.
9. P. Kunstleri.
1897,] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 263
Florets sessile, branches terete; leaflets of
distal pinnz 15-20-jugate; (pinnae 5-8-
jugate, leaflets small, all rhomboid, the distal
pairs not much exceeding the others) ... 10. P. contortum.
Florets pedicellate, branches angled ; leaflets
of distal pinnz 5-8-jugate :—
Pinne 3-6- (rarely 8-10-) jugate; leaflets
small, all trapezoid, the distal pairs not
much exceeding the others; glands sti-
pitate ... “As “ae .. Ll. P. Clypearia,
Pinneze 2—4-jugate ; leaflets medium, termi-
nal cuneate at base, considerably exceeding
the subtrapezoid others; glands sessile ... 12. P. angulatwm.
1. Prruecotosrum putce Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III,
199. A tree 25-40 feet high with glabrous branches; stem 2 feet in
diam., the ultimate branchlets pendent, armed with stipular thorns.
Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis 1 in. long glabrous, basal gland 0, with
a sessile small cupped-gland at its apex between the bases of the 1-
jugate pinne, with secondary rachises ‘25 in. long also gland-bearing
at apices between the bases of the 1-jugate leaflets glabrous on both
surfaces, pale-green, approximated, oblique obovate-oblong, rigidly sub-
coriaceous, obtuse or occasionally subacute, 1-2 in. long, ‘3-7 in. wide ;
stipules ascending, ‘2—"3 in. long, converted into conical smooth thorns,
the main and secondary rachises both shortly produced in acute points,
Flowers in dense heads ‘4—'5 in. in diam., on puberulous pedicels ‘25 in.
long, solitary or 2-3 together in the axils of small lanceolate bracts
_‘Lin, long, along slender nodiform branchlets slightly zig-zag towards
their tips, glabrous or puberulous, striate, from 3-5 in. long, the bracts
of the lower two-thirds accompanied by minute stipular spines, those
of the lowest fourth often replaced by reduced foliage leaves; the
branches arranged in terminal panicles 7-12 in. long, 5-8 in. wide, ex-
tending into the upper axils. Calyx ‘05 in. long, grey-downy, subcam-
panulate, shortly toothed. Corolla white, ‘1 in. long, puberulous tube
wide-infundibuliform, rather longer than the ovate-acute teeth, Fila-
ments united at base in a tube as long as that of the corolla, shortly
exserted. Ovary puberulous, shortly stipitate. Pod turgid, twisted,
dehiscent along the lower suture, both sutures slightly indented. between
the seeds, 4-5 in. long, ‘5 in. wide; glabrous, wide-reticulated, the valves
coriaceous, claret-red when ripe. Seeds 6-8, obovate-oblong, ‘5 in. long,
‘3 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick, testa smooth shining purplish, enveloped in a
firm edible pulpy pale arillus. Maiq. Flor. Ind, Bat. I, 40; Bedd. Flor.
Sylvat. t.188; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 302. Mimosa dulcis Roxb.
264 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Cor. Pl. I. t. 99; Hort. Beng. 40; Flor. Ind. II, 556. Inga dulcis Willd.
Sp. Pl. IV, 1005; DC. Prodr. I], 486; Wall. Cat. 5282; W. & A.
Prodr. 268; Wight, Ic. t. 198.
Cultivated in most of the Provinces; Prnana; Curtis 59! Sinaa-
porE; Maingay 579! AnpDAMaNns: common. Nicopars; Car Nicobar,
King’s Collector !
A native of America whence it has been introduced, by way of the Philippines,
to Malaya generally, and to India.
- 2, PiIrHECOLOBIUM coNFERTUM Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX, 304.
An unarmed small tree with glabrous leuticelled branchlets with dark-
brown bark. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis glabrous ‘75 in. long,
with no basal gland but with a long elliptic gland just below the bases
of the l-jugate pinne; rachises of pinne glabrous, 2 in. long, with
glands between the bases of each of the 2 pairs of leaflets glabrous on
both surfaces, bright-green shining above, paler dull beneath, rigidly
papery, oblong, shortly obtusely pointed, cuneate at base, distal 3°25-3'75
in. long, 1°75-2 in. wide, proximal 2°5 in. long, 1:25 in. wide, lateral
nerves 3-4 pairs ascending; petiolules distinct, glabrous, -2 in. long.
Flowers in small 5-10-fld. heads ‘75 in. across, on pubescent pedicels
‘75 in. long, arranged in small axillary and terminal corymbs 2 in. long
and broad with pubescent main-rachises, 1 in. long or less. Calyx
sessile ‘05 in. long, puberulous, campanulate, teeth obsolete; bracteoles
minute. Corolla white, ‘25 in. long, tube glabrescent externally, twice
as long as the lanceolate teeth, puberulous on the outside. Filaments
united at base in a tube slightly longer than that of corolla, free portion
white, exserted 35 in. Ovary glabrous, subsessile. Pod indehiscent,
slightly turgid, horse-shoe shaped or loosely spirally twisted, 10—12 in.
long, 1°5 in. wide, sutures firm not at all indented between the seeds,
valves thinly coriaceous, glabrous, shining, faintly wide-reticulate. Seeds
11-13, compressed ovate, ‘75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, ‘25 in. thick; testa
brown, dull, areolate on the outside, thick, tough and leathery. Bak.
in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 304. Albizzia splendens Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat.
Suppl. 280.
MauaccaA; Griffith 1951! Goodenough 1766! Hervey! DistRis.
Sumatra (Teysmann 4228) !
This species is remarkable in having pods that do not twist spirally and that are
apparently quite indehiscent. The seeds have no true arillas but have athick softly
coriaceous tough coat which apparently takes the place of an arillate structure,
3. PrrHECOLOBIUM BUBALINUM Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX, 576.
An unarmed tree 30 feet high with pale-brown pubescent branchlets
and grey bark. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis puberulous ‘5 in. long,
with no basal gland but with a round gland just below the bases of the
1897.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 265
l-jugate pinne®; rachises of pinne °75-1'75 in. long with glands
between the 1-2 pairs of leaflets, the leaflets oftener 1- than 2-jugate,
sometimes 1-jugate on one and 2-jugate on the’other pinna of the same
leaf; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces, bright-green shining beneath
as well as above, rigidly papery, oblong-lanceolate, shortly subacutely
pointed, cuneate at base, distal 4-5 in. long, 1°75—-2:25 in wide, proximal
2°5 in. long, 1:25 in. wide, lateral nerves 4—5 pairs ascending, petiolules
distinct, glabrous, ‘2 in. long. Flowers in small 5-8-fld. heads *3 in.
across, on puberulous very slender pedicels *4—6 in. long, fascicled in
the axils of small bracts and subumbellate at the tips of puberulous
peduncles ‘75 in. long, subcorymbosely set on branchlets 2°5 in. long,
themselves disposed in terminal and axillary panicles 6-8 in. long, 4-6
in. wide. Calyx sessile ‘05 in. long, pubescent, campanulate, teeth short,
deltoid, bracteoles minute. Corolla white, ‘12 in. long, teeth lanceolate
nearly as long as tube, uniformly puberulous externally. Filaments
united in a tube longer than that of corolla, free portion white, exserted,
35 in. long. Ovary pubescent, distinctly stipitate. Pod dark-green
inside, reddish outside, dehiscent along both sutures, oblong, straight or
falcate, apex obtuse, base obliquely rounded, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. wide,
‘75 in. thick, sutures thin not at all indented, valves thick, fleshy,
foetid, densely shortly velvety externally. Seeds 8-10, crowded, ovoid,
with sides flattened from mutual compression, ‘75 in. long, ‘4 in. wide
and as thick, testa thin crustaceous smooth shining dark-purple; arillus
absent. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 304. Inga bubalina Jack, Mal.
Miscel. II, 7.77; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I, 224.
Penane; fide Baker. Manacca; Griffith! Maingay 576! Good-
enough 1552! Disrris. Sumatra (Jack ; Forbes 1801 !)
‘Jack gives the Malay name of this as “ Bua Karbaw” in Sumatra; Forbes
does not give any native name. In Malacca the name given by Griffith is “ Ingria,”
that noted by Goodenough is “ Gerdas Padi.’’ ‘he fleshy pod is eaten, in spite of
its offensive odour. ~
4, PITHECOLOBIUM LOBATUM Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ITI,
208. A tree 60-80 feet high with spreading crown, stem 15-20 in. thick;
branchlets glabrous; bark grey. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate; rachis
glabrous ‘6-1 in. long, with a gland near the middle but none at base
or between the bases of the l-jugate pinne; rachises of pinne glabrous
4-6 in. long, with gland between the bases of the 2—3-jugate leaflets ;
leaflets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, firmly papery,
flexible, glabrous and shining on both sides, medium-green, distal pair
5-8 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, proximal 3 in. long, 1°56 in. wide; petiolules
glabrous, ‘25 in. long. Flowers in small 3-5-fld. heads *25 in. across, on
glabrous slender pedicels ‘2-3 in. long, solitary or 2-3 together on
nodes with small glabrous bracts along glabrous branchlets 1—4 in. long,
J. 11. 34 ;
266 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [No. I,
the larger panieulately branched; fascicled in leaf-axils and on nodes
below the leaves near and at the ends of branches. Calys sessile,
glabrous or sparsely puberulous, ‘05 in. long, tube campanulate, teeth
short deltoid ciliate, bracteoles minute glabrous. Corolla white, glabrous,
‘15 in. long, tube infundibuliform one and a half times the length of the
lanceolate teeth. Filaments united at base in a tube rather shorter than
that of corolla, free portion white, exserted, ‘°25in.long. Ovary glabrous,
stipitate. Pod 9-10 in. long, horse-shoe shaped or loosely spirally twisted,
valves firmly coriaceous, glabrous, deeply lobed along the lower suture
half-way or more towards the entire upper, indehiscent in the sinuses,
but dehiscing along the convexities of the one-seeded suborbicular rude-
ly umbonate lobes 2 in. in diam., 1 in. thick. Seeds 3-6, (usually some
of the lobes are abortive, occasionally two may be confluent), orbicular,
‘75 in. in diam., ‘35 in. thick, testa dark-brown, thin, rather dull, crustace-
ous; arillus absent. Hassk. Retzia I. 222; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 33;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 305. Mimosa Koeringa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40.
M. Djiringa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93. M. Kaeringa Roxb. Flor. Ind. II,
543. M. Jiringa Jack, Mal. Miscell. I, 1. 14; Hook. Bot. Mise. I, 282.
Inga Jivinga Jack, Mal. Miscell. II, 7. 78. Inga attenuata Grah. in Wall.
Cat. 5276. Inga lobata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5280A. Inga bigemina BI. .
Cat. Buitenz. 88; Hassk. Cat. Bog. 291, not of Willd. Acacia Koeringa
Royle, Ill. Him. Pl. 183. Pithecolobium Koeringa Kuntze MSS. in
Herb. Kew.
Penane; Curtis 105! 711! 720! 2916! Perak; Wray 499! Kunst-
ler 5665! 7116! 8651! 10841! Matacca; Griffith 1954! Maingay 572/2 !
Sinaavore; Kunstler 1163! Hullett 47! Disrers. Tenasserim ; Sumatra,
(‘ wild,” Forbes 1519! 3051!); Java, cultivated ( Kurz 2110! Koorders
4199! 11514!) ; Philippines, ( fide Baker).
Curtis gives the Malay name in Penang as “‘ Jereng;” Jack gives “ Bua Jiring”?
as the name in Sumatra; Roxburgh uses this name and, perhaps, also the name
* Koeringa.”
Specimens issued by Javanese botanists as P. bigeminum always belong to this
species; P. bigeminum does not occur anywhere in the Malayan countries. Hass-
karl states that the name “ Tyering”’ is, in Java, limited to the eastern parts of the
island where alone the tree occurs uncultivated. The cultivated tree in West Java
is termed “ Djenkol.” This last is the only name cited by Koorders and Valeton
(Bijdr. I, 268) who say that, though occnrring as an escape, the tree is nowhere
wild in Java.
Roxburgh, it is to be noted, published two names :— Mimosa Koeringa (Hort.
Beng. 40)—this he afterwards described as having seeds covered with edible fleshy
pulp; and M. Djiringa (Hort. Beng. 93)—this he never did describe. It is to the
former alone that Royle adverts under the name Acacia Koeringa, and it is the latter
alone that Jack is careful to cite as synonymous with his Inga Jiringa. Of Inga
Jiringa Jack does not say that the seeds are enveloped in pulp; he is carefal,
however, to imply that, like I. bubalina, its seeds have no arillus, but that the legume
1897] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 267
is fleshy and esculent. When therefore Bentham and, following him, Miquel describe
the seeds of their Pithecolobium lobatum, for which they cite both of Roxburgh’s
names, as enveloped in edible pulp, they give a character derived from Roxburgh’s
description of M. Koeringa only.
On Burmese specimens Sir D. Brandis has noted “fruit gold ;” Gallatly
says “edible...... common in the bazars;” Kurz has said nothing about the fruits
or seeds and has not described the latter ; Baker too has refrained from describing
them. MHasskarl in describing the use of the fruits does not say whether it is the
pod or the seed that is employed; he does say that the pulp of the seed dis-
appears when the fruit is ripe!* Koorders and Valeton say that the foetid
seeds are eaten cooked. Watt in the Dictionary of the Economic Products of India only
quotes Roxburgh. What the actual facts may be it is for Malayan botanists to
declare. Is it the succulent pod, a fleshy pulp, or the seed itself of Jiring that
is eaten P And has Jiring any pulp at all? If so, is this pulp an arillus ?
Roxburgh, though he laboured under the double disadvantage of working in the
Hast, and’ of dealing largely with living plants, was nevertheless remarkably given
to being accurate; in spite of the fact that systematists in Hurope, whose labours
have been simplified by being confined to dried specimens, propose to unite the two,
the writer thinks it should be left an open question whether there may not be a
Pithecolobium Koeringa whose seeds have an edible pulp, and a Pithecclobium
Jiringa without a pulp enveloping the seeds. If this be so, these are the names
that should be used to designate the two trees, since the name P. lobatwm, though the
best to employ so long as the point is in dubiety, must obviously be discarded should
it be found that Roxburgh was right.
5. PItHecoLopium NicoBaRicuM Prain. A small tree with slender
glabrous zig-zag branchlets with dark greenish-brown hark. Leaves
evenly 2-pinnate; rachis ‘75 in. long, glabrous, with a gland just above
the middle but none at base or between the 1l-jugate pinne; rachises
of pinne 1-5-2 in. long, glabrous, glandless; leaflets 2- (very rarely 3-)
jugate, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to the acute apex and cune-
ate base, bright-green, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, duller
beneath, distal pair 3-4 in. long, 1:4-1°8 in. wide, others 1-2°5 in.
long, *5-1:25 in. wide; petiolules distinct, glabrous, ‘lin. long. Flowers
in small few-fid. heads on puberulous pedicels ‘25 in. long, in terminal
and axillary racemes *75-2 in. long. Calyx pubescent, campanulate, -05
in. long, teeth deltoid, small. Corolla and stamens not seen. Pod
dehiscent along lower suture, 5-6 in. long, ‘75 in, wide, spirally twisted,
valves thickly coriaceous, glabrous, dull, purplish-red, sinuate between
the seeds along the upper margin. Seeds 8-10, orbicular-ovate, some-
what compressed, ‘6 in. long, °5 in. wide, ‘25 in. thick, testa thin, crus-
taceous, dark-purple smooth shining; arillus absent. Albizzia bubaling
(Pithecolobiwm bubalinum) Kurz, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. XLV, 2. 129 not
of Benth. Pithecolobiwm opposttwm Kurz, loc. cit., not of Mig.
* There is no pulp visible in any of our specimens at Calcutta in any stage of
the pod, whether the specimeus come from Burma, the Malay Peninsula, or the
Archipelago.
wv
268 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ae
Nicopars; Nancowry, Jelinek! Kamorta, Kurz !
The Nicobarese name for this tree is “ Kawas.” Kurz has erred in identi-
fying it with P. bubalinum Bth., which it does not much resemble as regards leaves
and which it is totally unlike as regards fruits. He has erred still further in iden-
tifying it with P. oppositum Miq. which he supposed to be identical with P. buba-
linuwm, In reality P. oppositum has 2-jugate leaves, with leaflets more like those
of P. microcarpwm than like those of either P. bubalinum or P. nicobaricum, and
with the gland on the main-rachis similarly situated. In spite of the fact that
Miquel’s specimens have neither flowers nor fruits, the writer thinks they belong
to a tree that, though a member of the same group as, is probably quite distinct from,
all three species mentioned.
6. PrIvHECOLOBIUM MICROCARPUM Beuth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX,
576. An unarmed tree 30-70 feet high, with slender pubescent branches
with red anastomosing wrinkles, stem 10-15 in. thick, bark greyish-
brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis puberulous ‘5-75 (rarely
1:25-1°5) in. long, with a gland just below the middle but none at base or
between the 1-jugate pinne; rachises of pinnz 2-4 in. long, puberulous,
glandless; leaflets 3-4- (rarely only 2-) jugate, firmly chartaceous, ovate, .
apex rather long obtusely caudate-acuminate, base of distal leaflets
cuneate of the others rounded, dark-green shining above, glaucescent
beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, distal pair 4-6 in. long, 2-3 in. wide,
proximal 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide; petiolules distinct, glabrous, ‘165 in.
long. Flowers in small 5-8-fid. beads ‘4 in. across, on puberulous slender
pedicels ‘4—6 in. long, fascicled in the axils of small bracts and subum-
bellate at the tips of puberulous peduncles ] in. long, subcorymbosely
set on branchlets 2-3 in. long, themselves disposed in terminal and
axillary panicles 6-8 in. long, 4-6 in. wide. Calys sessile glabrescent,
‘05 in. long, tube campanulate, teeth short deltoid, bracteoles short
lanceolate. Corolla white, ‘15 in. long, teeth ovate-lanceolate equalling the
tube, uniformly glabrous externally. F%laments united in a tube shorter
than that of corolla, free portion white, exserted, 35 in. long. Ovary
glabrous subsessile. Pod dehiscent along lower suture, spirally twisted,
1°75-2 in. long, ‘3-4 in. wide, sutures thin, the upper very faintly sinuate
between the seeds, the valves thinly coriaceous, waxy bright-red. Seeds
8-10, pisiform, ‘2 in. in diam., testa thin, crustaceous, smooth, shining,
dark-purple; arillus absent. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. IJ, 304. Inga
bubalina Wall. Cat. 5272 not of Jack. Puithecolobiwm bigeminum var.
bubalina Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. III, 207; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. I, 33 and Suppl. 281, as to the Wallichian synonym only.
Perak; Scortechini 64! 1978! Kunstler 1297! 5492! 5842! 10354!
10729! 10802! Prnana; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5272)! Curtis 1093!
Mauacca; Griffith 1947! Maingay 567! 574! Goodenough 1413! Derry
3161! Hervey / Srncarorz; Ridley 1634! 6666! T. Anderson 40! Kurz!
Distris. Sumatra (fide Miquel); Borneo.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 269
This very common species has been compared with P. bubalinum ; in reality
the resemblance is very superficial; the leaves differ in having glandless secondary
rachises, the leaflets are quite different in shape and the flowers are also very dif-
ferent ; in inflorescence the two species are, however, remarkably similar, The near-
est ally is undoubtedly P. oppositum Miq., of which neither flowers nor fruits are
yet known. The leaflets of the two species are of the same shape and have the
same caudate tips but those of P. oppositum are rather thinner in texture and have
puberulous instead of glabrous petiolules besides being arranged on 2 pairs of
pinnz whereas none of our numerous examples of P. microcarpwm have more than
1 pair of pinne.
Goodenough gives “ Kradus” as the Malay name in Malacca.
7. PirHecoLoBium AFFINE Bak. ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
XXX, 577. Asmall unarmed tree 15-25 feet high, stem 6-8 in. in
diam., young branches rusty-puberulous to pubescent. Leaves evenly
2-pinnate, rachis glabrous or puberulous 4-6 in. long, with a large
sessile gland ‘35 in. above the base, and with similar glands between
the bases of the 1—2-jugate pinne ; secondary rachises of distal pinne
6 in. long, with leaflets 4-, (less often 3-) jugate, of proximal pinne
when present 1°5-2°25 in. long with leaflets 2- (sometimes only 1- )
jugate, both with glands between the bases of each pair of leaflets ;
leaflets papery, glabrous on both surfaces, bright-green, glossy, obovate-
acute with subequal cuneate bases, diminishing downwards, distal pair
6-7 in. long, 3-325 in. wide, proximal 3 in. long, 1°5-1°75 in. wide;
lateral nerves 4—6 pairs ascending ; petiolules distinct, glabrous, ‘15 in.
long. lowers in dense heads ‘75 in. across, on slender peduncles ‘6 in.
long, arranged singly or in fascicles of 2-3 together along branchlets
3-8 in. long, themselves forming an ample terminal panicle 10-15 in.
long and broad. Calyx subsessile, minutely bracteolate at the base, °15
in. long, tube funnel-shaped, teeth very short, uniformly brown-silky
externally. Corolla white, ‘25 in. long, uniformly grey-silky externally,
teeth ovate-lanceolate, half as long as tube. Filaments united in a tube
as long as that of corolla, exserted ‘35 in., pure white. Ovary puberulous,
shortly stipitate. Pod dehiscent along lower suture, spiral, 8 in. long,
1:25 in. wide, hardly sinuate along upper suture, valves thinly coriaceous,
glabrous, shining, faintly wide-reticulate, dark-green externally, bright
orange-red within. Seeds 6-8, transverse, ovate-oblong, | in. long, *5 in.
wide, ‘4 in. thick, testa thin crustaceous dark-purple smooth shining ;
without arillus. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 304.
Maracca; Maingay 577! Hervey! Perak; Kunstler 3406! 3957!
5560! Singapore; Tanjong Bunga, Ridley 6408!. Distris. Burma
(Brandis !) ; Borneo.
The pod is given in the Flora of British India as *25 in. wide; this may be
a misprint for 1:28in. At all events the fruit of the species of which Maingay n.
577 forms the basis is as now described. The Borneo locality is given doubtfully
270 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
by Mr. Bentham ; the pod which he describes, and which belonged to his Borneo
specimens, evidently agrees very closely with that of the Peninsular plant.
8. PrITHECOLOBIUM ELLIPTICUM Hassk., Retzia I, 225. A tree 15-30
feet high (occasionally higher) branchlets tawny-puberulous soon glab-
rescent, bark grey. eaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis glabrous 3-4 in,
long, with a large gland above base and another between the bases of
the distal pinne; pinne 2-jugate, rachises of distal pair 4~—7 in. long,
with small glands between each pair of leaflets except the lowest, of
proximal pair often only subopposite always within an inch of base of
main-rachis ‘75-1 in., with gland between the end pair of leaflets ;
leaflets very large, of upper pinne 3-4-jugate, distal 6-8 in. long, 2°5—3 in.
wide, of proximal 3 in. long, 2 in. wide ; leaflets of lower pinne usually
2-jugate, distal 4 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, lowest 2 in. long, 1 in. wide, the ~
leaflets often unequally-jugate on the corresponding pinne of the same
leaf, elliptic-oblong, apex rather abruptly pointed, base rounded, glabrous
on both surfaces, bright green shining above, paler dull beneath; petio-
lules glabrous, *25 in. long, lateral nerves 5-8 pairs, ascending. Flowers
in very small 2—5-fld. heads ‘2 in. or less across, on short tawny-puberu-
lous peduncles ‘25-35 in. long, solitary or 2-3 vertically superposed
above the axils of bracts with a large gland, on subcompressed branch-
lets 15-6 in. long, also 2-3 vertically superposed above the axils of larger
bracts ‘'25—"6 in. long with a large sessile gland and small rudimentary
leaflets ; the branches of each axil diminishing downwards; branches
themselves similarly disposed on a subcompressed tawny-pubescent
main-rachis as a terminal panicle 16-20 in. long, 6-12 in. wide. Culya
campanulate, tawny-pubescent, ‘05 in. long, teeth short obtuse. Corolla
yellow, silky, ‘15 in. long, teeth ovate-lanceolate nearly as long as
tube. Filaments united at base ina thick short ring, yellowish, ‘2 in.
long, shortly exserted. Ovary with a short stipe as long as staminal
tube. Pod spirally twisted, 3-7 in. long, dehiscent along the lower
suture, 1:25 in. wide, valves firmly coriaceous, glabrous, dull, dark-
green, at length becoming yellow externally, orange within. Seeds 3-7,
oblong, *8 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, ‘4 in. thick, testa thin, crustaceous, dark-
purple, smooth, shining; without arillus. Inga elliptica Bl. Cat. Gew.
Buitenz. 88; Ind. Kew. I, 1216. Inga Jiringa Wall. Cat. 5268 not
of Jack. Inga Clypearia Wall. Cat. 5270 B. not of Jack. Pithecolobium
fasciculatum Beuth. .Hook. Lond, Journ.’ Bot. III, 208 ?; Miq. Flor.
Ind. Bat. I, 33; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 304. Albizzia fasciculata
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLV, 2. 129, excl. syn. Pithecolobium
macrophyllum 'Teysm. & Binnend.
Nicopars; Kamorta, Kurz! Kevan; Pulo Songsong, Curtis 2604!
Pauanc; Pulo Chugu, Ridley 2637! Matacca; Griffith! Goodenough
1894! Maingay 571! 578! Perak; Wray 542! 2666! 4171! Scortechine
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 271
1159! 1790! Kunstler 2326! 3331! 3771! 4799! 4822! 5674! 6637 !
10104! Pryanea; fide Baker. Sinaapors, fide Baker. Distris. Borneo
(fide Miquel) ; Java! and Sumatra!
A very common species for which none of our English collectors have cited
a Malay name; Hasskarl and Miquel give the Javanese name as “ Kitjang.”’
This is certainly the P. fasciculatwm alike of Baker and of Miquel and is the
Albizzia fasciculata of Kurz. Mr. Baker moreover quotes Wall. Cat. 5268—the
basis of Bentham’s species, and Wall. Cat. 5270 B. from Singapore as the same.
There is unfortunately no example of either of these Wallichian numbers at Cal-
cutta though there are examples both of the Griffithian and the Maingayan Malacca
sheets named P, fasciculatum by Mr. Bentham himself. The original description
given by Mr. Bentham states that the pinne of P. fasciculatum are 1-jugate, and the
account of the species being incomplete in other respects it seems better to treat the
identity of Bentham’s plant with Hasskarl’s one as doubtful. As regards Hasskarl’s
plant no dubiety is possible; his description is very complete and accurate and
there is besides an authentic example of his species in the Calcutta Herbarinm.
Since in any case Hasskarl’s name conserves the oldest specific epithet, it may be
better to continue its use even if it should turn out that Bentham’s P. fasciculatwm
is really the same thing.
Mr. Kurz’s identification of P. macrophyllum T. & B., with this species cannot
be sustained, for Teysmann’s tree is a very distinct one with pods lobed as in P.
lobatum though with leaves very different from those of P. lobatwm ; the leaflets while
much larger than, considerably resemble those of P. ellipticum. Mr. Kurz’s notice of
P. macrophyllum T. & B., in 1876, appears to be the earliest mention of the plant.
As another species from America, P. macrophyllum Spruce, was published in 1875, it
is necessary to re-name Teysmann’s plant P. Teysmanni.
By a lapsus calami the Index Kewensis gives Inga elliptica Bl. as the name,
Pithecolobium ellipticum Hassk. as a synonym, for our species; the reverse is the
actual state of affairs. The tree has not been sent to Calcutta from Penang or
from Singapore during recent years.
9. Pirnecotopium KunstTieri Prain. A tree 20-30 feet high, with
spreading branches ; branchlets slightly pubescent, stem 8-12 in. thick,
bark brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate, rachis puberulous 1:5-2°5 in.
long, with | or 2 large elliptic glands some distance below the bases of the
1 or 2 pairs of pinne; rachises of terminal pinne 4 in. long with large
glands some distance below the bases of the 3 pairs of leaflets, basal
rachises when present ‘5 in. long with a gland some distance below
the 1-jugate leaflets; leaves in the inflorescence sometimes small with
short l-jugate pinne and small l-jugate leaflets; leaflets ovate with
rounded bases and rather long caudate-acuminate blunt apices, pale
yellowish-green, glabrous shining above, dull uniformly sparsely ad-
pressed-puberulous beneath, distal pair 3-45 in. long, 1-2 in. wide,
proximal 1-2 in. long, ‘5-1 in. wide; those of the basal pinne 1:5-2°5
in. long, 1-15 in. wide ; petiolules puberulous, ‘15 in. long. Flowers in
4-8-fid. heads °5-'75 in. across, on puberulous pedicels °5 in. long, sparse-
ly racemose, singly or 2-3 together in axils of bracts or subumbellate or
272 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
corymbose at the ends of branchlets 1-2 in. long, disposed in lax terminal
panicles extending into the upper leaf-axils, 6-12 in. long, 4-8 in. wide.
Calyx sessile, tubular, ‘15 in. long, densely pubescent externally, teeth
short triangular; the bracteoles small spathulate, pubescent. Corolla
white, ‘5 in. long. densely silky externally, tube narrowly funnel-shaped,
teeth lanceolate ‘12 in. long. Filaments at base united in a white tube
puberulous outside, as long as that of corolla, free portion glabrous
bright-yellow, 1°25 in. long. Ovary very long, stipitate, pubescent. Pod
with a puberulous stipe °75 in. long, dehiscent along the lower suture,
spirally twisted, 8-10 in. long, ‘6 in. wide; valves thinly coriaceous
puberulous, not sinuate between the seeds. Seeds 8-10, ovate, their long
axis parallel with sutures, ‘7 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, compressed, testa pale-
brown, crustaceous, shining.
Perak; at low elevations, Kunstler 7875! Scortechini 178! Jonors;
Lake & Kelsall 4072! Distxis. Borneo.
A very distinct species; more nearly related to the Indian P. bigeminwm than
to any Malayan species but easily distinguished by its large florets and its long-
stipitate pod.
10. PirancoLtopium contortuM Mart. in Flora XX, 2, Beibl. 115.
A tree 15~30 feet high, with spreading grey-pubescent terete or slightly
compressed branches, stem 4-6 in. thick, bark dark-brown. Leaves
evenly 2-pinnate; rachis terete, pubescent, 4-8 in. long, petiolar portion
2 in. long with a large gland below the middle, foliar portion with 1-4
small glands below as many pairs of pinns ; pinne usually 5—-8-jugate,
sometimes as few as 3-jugate, rarely as many as 15-jugate, rachises with
1-2 small sessile glands below bases of end-pairs of leaflets, diminish-
ing downwards, the distal 4-6 in. long, the basal 1:5-2 in.; leaflets of
upper pinne 15-20-jugate, of lowest 9-10-jugate, oblong or trapezoid,
obtuse or subacute at upper angle, base obliquely unilaterally trun-
cate, upper and lower margins subparallel, main nerve diagonal; rigidly
papery, pale-green puberulous above, pubescent beneath, ‘5-75 in. long,
‘25-35 in. wide, petiolules 0. lowers in terminal and axillary simple
deltoid panicles 1 foot across, with slender main-rachis 8-20 in. long,
the filiform pubescent branches 3-8 in. long, bracts smalJl lanceolate,
pedicels puberulous ‘25-4 in. long, the sessile florets scattered or sub-
aggregated near their tips in the axils of small acute puberulous brac-
teoles. Calyx ‘05 in , campanulate, puberulous, teeth triangular. Corolla
greenish-white, glabrous, ‘15 in. long, teeth lanceolate spreading, almost
as long as tube. Filaments united below in a tube as long as that of
corolla, free portion cream-coloured, ‘35 in. long. Ovary faintly pu-
berulous, stipitate. Pod 6-8 in. long, 5-7 in. wide, spirally twisted,
dehiscing along the lower suture; valves firmly coriaceous, finely pu-
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 273
berulous externally, bright orange, within smooth, vermilion, stipe ‘2 in.
long; slightly sinuate between seeds on lower margin. Seeds 8-10,
ovate, with long axis across the pod, ‘35 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, ‘2 in.
thick, testa dark-purple, thin, crustaceous. Benth. in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. IIT, 210; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. II, 305. Inga contorta
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5283. Inga Finlaysoniana Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5284.
Kevan; Ridley 5223! Penana; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5283)! Stolizka!
Curtis 19! 264! Manacca; Griffith 1941! Maingay 573! Hervey! Derry
149! Perak; Scortechint 1658! 1899! Wray 2636! 4249! Kunstler
1010! 3775! 3889! Srneaapore ; Finlayson.
Nearest P. Clypearia but very easily distinguished by its terete branches and
its sessile glands, as well as by its sessile florets.
11. Prraecotostum Cryerarta Benth. in Hook. Lond, Journ. Bot.
’ TIT, 209. A tree 25-30 feet high with spreading brown-pubescent angu-
lar branches, bark dark-brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate ; rachis angular,
“puberulous, 2-7 in. long, petiolar portion 1-1‘5 in, long with a large
shortly stipitate gland just above base, foliar portion .with small dis-
tinctly stalked glands just below each pair of pinne except the lowest,
pinne usually 3-6- (rarely 65-10-) jugate, their rachises with small
stipitate glands between each pair of leaflets except the lowest,
diminishing downwards, distal 5-6 in. long, basal 1:5-2 in. long; leaflets
of uppere pinne 5—7-jugate, of lowest 3-4-jugate, trapeziform, wide-
triangular at upper angle, base obliquely unilaterally truncate or
rounded, upper and lower margins subparallel, main nerve diagonal ;
rigidly papery, dark-green glabrous or faintly puberulous shining above,
glaucous with scattered adpressed hairs beneath, terminal 1°5 in. long,
‘75 in. wide, lowest ‘5 in. long, ‘3 in. wide; petiolules 0. lowers in small
_ subumbellate corymbs ‘35-—"4 in. across, on short peduncles 3-5 in. long,
solitary or 2-3 vertically superposed above the axils of bracts with a
large gland, on angular branchlets 3-4 in. long similarly disposed on the
angular main-rachis but with the bracts reduced to an angled petiolule
bearing a large bract at its tip; pedicels of florets ‘1 in. long, slender,
puberulous, their bracteoles minute or obsolete; the whole inflorescence
forming a large terminal panicle extending into axils of upper leaves,
15-18 in. long, 10-15 in. wide. Calyx campanulate, ‘05 in. long, puberu-
lous externally, teeth short deltoid. Corolla white, glabrous, ‘1 in. long,
teeth lanceolate half as long as tube. Fvlaments united at base in a
tube shorter than that of corolla, free portion white, ‘35 in. long. Ovary
puberulous stipitate. Pod spirally twisted, 4-5 in. long, ‘4 in. wide,
dehiscing along the lower suture, valves thinly coriaceous, orange out-
side, red within, glabrous; stipe ‘15 in. long; distinctly sinuate between
J. 11. 30
274 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
the seeds on lower margin. Seeds 8-10, ovate, with long axis across the
pod, *25 in. long, ‘2 im. across, ‘15 in. thick, testa dark-purple, thin,
crustaceous. Pl. Jungh. 268; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat, I, 35; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. II, 305. Mimosa trapezifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind.
TI, 546. Inga dimidiata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 181. Inga
Clypearta Jack, Mal. Miscell. II, 7. 78? ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I, 224;
Wall. Cat, 5270A. Clypearia rubra Rumph. Herb. Amboin. III, 176 t.
112? ;
Penang; Porter (Wall. Cat. 5270 A)! Curtis 209! Prov. Wat-
LESLEY; Kunstler 1612! Panane; Ridley 1476! Sinaarore; T. Anderson.
38! Hullett 58! 5698! Matacoa; Griffith! Maingay 570! Hervey!
Perak; Scortechini 481! 2024! Wray 1889! 2643! Duisrris. Sumatra,
Java, Moluccas. |
This is apt, when its leaflets are unusually small, to simulate P. contortum from
which it is, however, easily distinguished by its smaller fruits, its pedicelled florets, —
and its terete branchlets. It is also apt, when its leaflets are unusnally large, to
simulate P. angulatum; as both have angular branches and pedicelled florets the.
only safe diagnostic character is the nature of the glands, especially those on the
partial rachises of the pinnze; these glands are stipitate in P. Clypearia, sessile in
P. angulatum.
There is just a trace of doubt as to whether this is Rumphins’ Clypearia rubra
since that author figures no glands, or even that it is Inga Clypearia Jack, since
Jack says there is no petiolar gland on the leaf of his species. Jack’s plant is,
he says, known in Sumatra as “ Jiring muniet.”
12. Prrsecorosium ancutatum Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.
III, 306. A tree 25-30 feet high with spreading shortly puberulous
angular branches, bark dark-brown. Leaves evenly 2-pinnate ; rachis
angular, puberulous, 3-8 in. long, with a large sessile gland ‘5-75 in.
above the base and near the middle of the petiolar portion, foliar
portion with smaller sessile glands below the bases of all but the
last pair of pinnes set obliquely on the upper truncate ends of sharp-edged
ridges ; pinne 2—4-jugate, their rachises with similar but small glands
just below each pair of leaflets, the distal 6-7 in., the lowest 1-1°5 in.
long; leaflets of upper pinne 5-8-jugate, of lowest 2-3-jugate, all
diminishing downward; terminal leaflets of most of the pinne 3°5-6
in. long, 1'25-2 in. wide, ovate-lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute
tip, the base wide-cuneate, the midrib central, the bases of the remainder
progressively more obliquely rounded and the midribs progres-
sively more diagonal, proximal leaflets 1 in. long, °75 in. wide; all
membranous, sparsely puberulous above, softly pubescent beneath when
young; thinly subcoriaceous, dark-green glabrous shining above,
dull puberulous beneath when mature, lateral nerves 5-7 pairs rather
prominent beneath; petiolules ‘07 in, long. Flowers in small sub-
umbellate corymbs ‘5 in. across, on short peduncles °75 in. long, fascicled
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 275
in axils of small gland-bearing bracts on angular branchlets 4-10 in,
long, themselves fascicled in axils of bracts with a large basal gland and
a foliar simply-pinnate rudimentary lamina, so as to form a terminal
panicle extending into axils of upper leaves, 15-20 in. long, 12-18 in.
wide; pedicels of florets ‘2-25 in. long, bracteoles minute or obsolete.
Calyx puberulous, campanulate, ‘05 in. long, teeth short acute. Corolla
pale-yellow or white, ‘2 in. long, tube infundibuliform, teeth lanceolate
half as long; uniformly sparingly silky. Staments united in a tube
nearly as long as that of corolla, filaments white or faintly tinged with
pink, *5 in. long. Ovary puberulous, shortly stalked. Pod spirally
twisted, 7-8 in. long, ‘7 in. wide, dehiscing along the lower suture,
valves firmly coriaceous, red opposite the seeds elsewhere orange and
puberulous externally, red and glabrous within; distinctly sinuate
between the seeds on the lower margin, stipe very short. -Seeds 8-10,
ovate-oblong, ‘5 in. long, ‘35 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick, testa dark-purple,
dull, thin, crustaceous. Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, 34; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. IJ, 306. Mimosa heterophylla Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40; Flor. Ind. I,
545. Inga acutangula Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5271. Pithecolobium acut-
angulum Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 282.
ANDAMANS; very common, Nicosars; King’s Collector! Penane;
Wallich 5270 C! Curtis 489! Matacca; Derry 552! 971! Mainyay 569 !
Perak; Scortechint! Wruy 1102! Setaneor; Kunstler 8669! Sinaa-
PoRE; Hullett 802! Iidley 5576! 6407! Goodenough 289! Drsrrrn.
Eastern Himalaya, Assam, Burma, Sumatra.
A rather variable species, with two leading types, hardly, however, to be
distinguished even as varieties owing to the number of intermediate forms that
occur. Of these, (a.) heterophylla—the eriginal plant of Roxburgh with large
terminal leaflets— extends from the Himalaya to Chittagong, the Andamans and
Sumatra. This is very uniform in character and constitutes both Inga acutangula
Grah. (Wall. Cat. 5271), and Pithecolobiwm acutangulum Migq., although it happens
that Miquel when describing P. acutangulum conceived it to be different from Inga
acutangula. The other plant, (8.) intermedia—with smaller terminal leaflets and
usually more numerous pinnz and leaflets — extends from Upper Barma east of the
Irrawaday though the Shan Plateau to Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and Java.
This is less uniform than the preceding and often has leaflets so like those of P.
Clypearia that it can only be safely distinguished by its longer pedicels and sessile
glands. This is the plant of Wall. Cat. 5270 C, from Penang, and is the Pithecolobium
angulatum of Miquel as opposed to that author’s P. acutangulum. P. angulatum
Benth., like P. angulatum as defined in this paper, includes both plants.
Orpen XXXIX. ROSACEA.
Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate, rarely opposite, simple
or compound. Flowers usually bisexual and regular (very irregular in
Chrysobulanee). Calya-tube free or adnate to the ovary, limb usually
276 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
5-lobed, often bracteolate, imbricate or valvate. Petals 5, or 0, inserted
under the margin of the disc, deciduous, usually imbricate. Diasec
lining the calyx-tube or forming a ring at its base. Stamens perigy-
nous, indefinite (rarely 1, 5 or 10) in one or many series, often connate
and unilateral in Chrysobalanex ; filaments subulate or filiform, usually
incurved in bud; anthers small, didymous. Ovary of one or more’ free
or connate carpels, with free or connate basal lateral or subterminal
styles; stigmas simple, penicillate or capitate; ovules 1 or more in
each carpel. Fruit variable, consisting of achenes or berries or drupes,
rarely capsular. Seeds erect or pendulous, testa membranous or coria-
ceous, albumen 0; cotyledons large, plano-convex; radicle short.—
Disrris. About 1,200 species, found in all climates and countries, but
chiefly in the temperate.
Of the ten tribes into which this order is subdivided by Messrs. Bentham
and Hooker in their Genera Plantarum, only four are (as yet) represented by speci-
mens from the Provinces within our area, and these four tribes are represented by
only six genera which Sir Joseph Hooker (in his Flora of British India) distin-
guishes as follows :—
Tribe I. CHRYSOBALANER. Flowers usually irregular. Carpel
1; style basal; ovules 2, ascending. Fruit a drupe. Radicle
inferior.— Trees or shrubs with simple quite entire leaves.
Calyx-tube elongate. Stamens many, united in a phalange.
Ovary 2-locellate os oon or .. L. PARINARIUM.
Calyx-tube short. Stamens 2. Oaaey I-celled... --. 2. PARASTEMON,
Tribe II. PRUNE. Flowers regular. Carpel 1, rarely 2;
style subterminal, rarely basal; ovules 2, pendulous. Radicle
superior.— Trees or shrubs with simple usually serrated leaves.
Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, large, glabrous. Carpel solitary, fruit»
drupaceous... =) eee .. 9. PRUNUS.
Calyx 5-10-toothed. Petals 5 and satis or absent. Carpel
1. Drupe coriaceous, usually elongated transversely .. 4, PYGEUM.
Tribe III. Rusex. Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Sta-
mens very numerous. Carpels many ; styles sub-basal or ventral ;
ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, Fruit of many dry or fleshy
carpels, not included in the calyx-tube. Radicle ae
Usually shrubs, often with compound leaves eee . 5. RUBUs.
Tribe IV. Pome#. lowers regular. Calyx-tube (or the apex
of the peduncle) becoming fleshy after flowering, and enclosing
the carpels. Stamens numerous. Ovules 2 or more, ascending.
Fruit a pome or berry, with 2-5 bony or coriaceous 1-seeded
stones; shrubs or trees "ne Laas 4 o0e Oy Sane
1. Parinarivm, Juss.
Trees. Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite entire. Flowers
hermaphrodite, in panicles or corymbose racemes, 2-bracteolate, white
or pink. Oulyz-tube ohlong, campanulate, turbinate, or funnel-shaped ;
897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsuia. 277
lobes 5, thick, subequal, imbricate. Petals 5, sessile or clawed, decidu-
ous. Stamens 6-30, the filaments united into an incomplete ring at
the base, or connate into an unilateral bundle, all perfect or some with-
out anthers. Oarpel 1, adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, 2-celled,
rarely 2-seeded; style basal, filiform; ovules 2 collateral, or 1 erect.
Drupe spherical, oblong, obovoid or ovoid, with a 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded,
woody or bony or rarely coriaceous pericarp. Seeds erect, testa mem-
branous, cotyledons large fleshy, radicle small inferior. Disrris. About
50 species, natives of the tropics of both worlds.
Calyx-tube villous inside. Fruit 2-celled, more than ‘5d in.
long ; the pericarp woody, bony or crustaceous.
Leaves rusty-grey or dirty white beneath, with numerous
spreading parallel stout nerves; stamens 8-10, not
united in a phalange.
Leaves with 10-12 pairs of main nerves, rusty-
pubescent beneath ... ~ vee cx WP costatumn,
Leaves with 15-18 pairs. of main nerves, pale, areo-
late and puberulous beneath ... ies . 2. P. polyneurwm.
Leaves with 25-30 pairs of main nerves, pale, ee
liquely areolar and puberulous on the nerves beneath... 3. P. oblongifoliwm.
Leaves glabrous beneath or with only a few strigose hairs
on the midrib near its base; main nerves 10-16 pairs,
always spreading.
Flowers in spikes, sessile, solitary.
Stamens about 10; fruit about 1 in. in diam. oo. 4. P. spicatum.
Stamens 12-16; fruit several inches in diam. e. O. P. Maingayt.
Flowers in racemes or panicles.
Leaves subsessile with broad bases; main nerves
12-14 pairs; fruit ovoid, not compressed ose OG; . P. elatum.
Leaves distinctly petiolate.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base;
stamens 10 A 7. P. asperulum.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, ical at the Sees ; sie
12-16 gia 8. P. scabrum.
Leaves quite glabrous on both artistic 3; main nerves 5-7
(rarely 10) pairs, obliquely ascending, never spreading.
Flowers straight ; petals subequal.
Main nerves of leaves 6o0r7 pairs; fruit covered
with crustaceous scurf, its cells glabrous inside » 9. P. Kunsileri.
Main nerves 7-10 pairs; fruit quite glabrous, its
cells sericeous inside Bes Sas -. 10. P. Griffithianum.
Flowers much curved; sepals and petals very unequal 11. P. heteropetalwm.
Calyx-tube glabrous and lined by the glabrous staminal
tube ; fruit less than ‘5 in. cae ae Sealeue the rod.
thin, leathery... . 12. P.? nitidum,
1. PARINARIUM COSTATUM, Binks Mel. ‘Bot. ( 1855) Pt. J. A small
tree; young branches slender, deciduously puberulous, the bark pale
278 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
and minutely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-elliptic or ovate-
lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate;
upper surface glabrous and shining except the pubescent midrib, the
lower pale brown when dry, reticulate and covered, except the 10 or 12
pairs of conspicuous slightly ascending glabrous main nerves, with a
thin layer of cobwebby hair ; length 1'5-3 in., breadth °75-1°25 in. ; petiole
‘25 in., pubescent. Panicles axillary, longer than the leaves, with a few
distant short few-flowered branches, tawny-tomentose. Flowers nearly
-25 in. long, on short pedicels, solitary or in cymes of three. Calyx-tube
densely puberulous outside, internally with a line of subulate processes at
the throat and a ‘broad belt of deflexed silky hair, tbe ovate lobes
shorter than the tube. Peta/s thin, obovate, clawed, longer than the
calyx-lobes, sparsely pubescent. Stamens about 8, half of them anan-
therous, the filaments villous. Pista 1, the ovary villous. Fruit oblong,
blunt, slightly compressed, with many pale scurfy patches, slightly
more than 1 in. long and ‘65 in. broad. Maiq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt.
1, 354; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 311 (excl. syn. P. sumatranum, Benth.
and Kurz’s Petrocarpa sumatrana) ; Jack Mal. Misc. II, VII, 67. Hlszo-
carpus? punctatus, Wall. Cat, 2676.
Matacca; Maingay 621, 621/2. Penance; Curtis 259, 2163, Perak;
King’s Collector 5227. Sincarore; Ridley 398.
2. PariNaRIuM POLYNeURUM, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 306. A
tree 60 to 100 feet high ; young branches slender, pale brown, profusely
lenticellate, puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or ovate-oblong,
rather bluntly acuminate; the base rounded, eglandular; upper sur-
face glabrous, shining; the lower pale, areolate, puberulous; main
nerves 15 to 18 pairs, spreading, prominent beneath; length 3 to 5 in.,
breadth 1°35 to 2 in. Panicles axillary and solitary, or terminal and
in clusters of 2-4, rather shorter than the leaves when in flower,
longer in fruit, hoary-tomentose ; the branches short, rather crowded, the
ultimate branchlets cymosely 3-flowered; bract shorter than the calyx-
tube, oblong, obliquely acute, tomentose. Flowers *25 in. long, on very
short pedicels. Calyx infundibuliform, tomentose outside, deflexed-
villous inside ; the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent on the inner
face. Petals as long as the calyx-lobes, oblong, slightly dilated up-
wards, obtuse, not clawed at the base, glabrous. Stamens 10, shorter
than the petals, all bearing anthers. Ovary sericeous. Style glabrous.
Fruit oblong, compressed, obtuse, slightly tapered to the base, covered
with a dense layer of tawny scurf, about 2 in. long when ripe and 1:2
in. across, 2-celled ; pericarp crustaceous, very hard, ‘25 in. thick.
Maracca; Griffith, Maingay 622. Perak; King’s ‘Collector 4624,
6087. Disrris. Sumatra,
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 279
8. Panrtnartum ospLonairoLium Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 309. A
tree 50-70 feet high; young branches lenticellate, deciduously puberu-
lous. Leaves very coriaceous, oblong- or oblong-elliptic, the apex sub-
acute, the base rounded ; upper surface glabrous and shining, the lower
pale with oblique areolae, puberulous on the nerves and midrib; main
nerves 25-30 pairs, stout, oblique, rather straight; length 5°5-8°5 in.,
breadth 1°85-3 in.; petiole -35—65 in., stont. Panicles axillary and
terminal, solitary, many-flowered, spreading, minutely tawny-tomentose,
3-6 in. across. Flowers *2 in. long, on very short pedicels; bracts
ovate-rotund, concave, acute, tomentose. Calyx-tube infundibuliform,
subgibbous, minutely tomentose outside, deflexed-villous inside, lobes
broadly ovate, acute. Petals not longer than the calyx-lobes, spathulate,
glabrous. Stamens 8, about as long as the petals. Ovary villous; style
sparsely pubescent. Fruit elliptic-ovoid, obtuse, compressed, densely
coated with grey hard scurf, 2°75 in. long and 1°5 in. in diam.
Matacca; Griffith, Maingay 623. Pauana; Ridley 5026. Purax;
King’s Collector 10369, 10422.
A species readily distinguished by its large oblong fruit, large leaves with
numerous parallel nerves prominent on the lower surface, and small flowers with the
stamens and petals not longer than the calyx-lobes. It approaches P. swmatranum,
Migq. in its leaves, but the under-surface in that species is uniformly and minutely
tomentose, whereas in this the under surface has very peculiar oblique areolae and
there is no tomentum. ‘The fruits of the two differ also in size.
4, Partnarivum spicatum, King, n. sp. <A tree 60 to 80 feet high;
branches slender, dark-coloured, puberulous. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-
ovate, shortly and broadly acuminate, the base rounded but slightly pro-
duced along the sides of the upper half of the petiole; both surfaces
reticulate when dry; the upper glabrous, shining ; the lower slightly dull
and paler, minutely pustulate, glabrous except the sparsely strigose mid-
rib; main nerves about 12 pairs, spreading, faint ; length 2-3 in., breadth
‘*85-1'6 in., petiole ‘1 in. Spikes axillary and terminal, about as long as
the leaves, in clusters of 2 or 3, everywhere tawny-pubesctent with many
adpressed hairs intermixed. Flowers ‘5 in. long, solitary, rather dis-
tant, sessile, bibracteate at the base ; the bracts much shorter than the
flower, oblong, subacute, tomentose, Calyz-tube narrowly funnel-shaped,
slightly gibbous, tomentose outside, deflexed-villous in its upper part
inside; its lobes broadly oblong, obtuse, deflexed. Petals longer than
the calyx-lobes, broadly elliptic, very obtuse, glabrous. Stamens about
10, longer than the petals, shorter than the pistil ; the filaments glab-
rous, united at the very base. Ovary sericeous ; style sparsely hairy in
its lower half, otherwise glabrous. Jruwit about 1 in. in diam., sub-
orbicular, slightly compressed, densely covered with a yellowish crusta-
ceous scurf, 2-celled ; the pericarp ‘2 in, thick, tomentose inside.
280 G, King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Parak ; King’s Collector 6145, 10326.
This approaches P. costatum, Bl. in the shape and nervation of its leaves; but
is distinguished from that species by its spicate inflorescence and solitary flowers.
Tts fruit also is more orbicular than that of P. costatwm.
5. Parrtnarium Marncayi, King n. spec. A tree; young branches
with dark bark bearing a few oblong lenticels, glabrous. Leaves very
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, very shortly and obtusely acuminate, the
base rounded; both surfaces glabrous and with minutely papillate
reticulations, the upper shining, the lower dull and rather pale; main
nerves 10-12 pairs, spreading, curving, rather prominent beneath ;
length 3-45 in, breadth 1:35-2 in.; petiole ‘3 in., stout. Spikes
usually in pairs, axillary, shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, minutely
tomentose. Flowers sessile, *3 in. long, or (to the apex of the stamens)
‘6 in.; bracts shorter than the calyx-tube, broadly ovate-obtuse, tomen-
tose. Calyx-tube infundibuliform, tomentose outside, deflexed-villous
inside ; the lobes short, broad, rounded very obtuse. Petals longer
than the calyx-lobes, obovate, sessile, glaberulous. Stamens 12-16,
much longer than the petals, decurved. Ovary densely wooly; style
long, slender. Drupe spherical, the size of a small apple (Hooker) ;
the pericarp thick and bony, smooth on the inner surface, furrowed
on one side. Seed large, with a thin texta. P. asperulum, Hook. fil.
in Fl. Br. Ind. II, 310 (not of Miq.)
Matnacca; Maingay 618, and probably also Griffith 2049.
This in some respects resembles P. asperulum and P. scabrwm, but differs from
both in its much larger fruit and sessile flowers, and from the former also in the
venation of its leaves.
6. PARINARIUM ELATUM, King n. spec. A tree 60-120 feet high ;
young branches as thick as a quill, blackish-cinereous, lenticellate.
Leaves thickly coriaceous, subsessile, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, acute or
shortly acuminate; the base broad, rounded or minutely cordate; upper
-surface glabrous, shining, the main nerves and midrib slightly promi-
nent; lower surface darker and duller than the upper when dry, glab-
rous except a few strigose hairs at the base of the very prominent
midrib; the 12-14 pairs of spreading curved main nerves very promi-
nent; length 4°5-7°5 in., breadth 1:5-3:25 in. ; petiole only about ‘15 in.,
strigose. Panicles axillary, solitary or several together, shorter than the
leaves, with few short rather distant branches, or unbranched, minutely
tomentose, few-flowered; bracts 2 at the base of each flower, slightly
shorter than the calyx-tube, elliptic, acute, adpressed-pubescent. Calya-
tube funnel-shaped, adpressed-tomentose outside, deflexed-villous inside
at the mouth; the lobes unequal, nearly as long as the tube, broadly
ovate, subacute, very tomentose on both surfaces. Petals longer and
1897.) G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 281
more narrowed than the calyx-lobes, subacute, glabrous. Stamens
longer than the petals, glabrous. Ovary sericeous, the style glabrous in
its upper half. Hutt ovoid, not compressed, crustaceous-scurfy outside,
pale-brown, 2-celled, 1:15 in. long and ‘8 in. in diam.; the pericarp
crustaceous, ‘2 in. thick, minutely hairy inside.
Pwrak ; King’s Collector, 3436, 3711.
A species resembling P. oblongifoliwm, Hook. fil. in its leaves which however
have fewer nerves ; but differing greatly from that species both in its inflorescence
and flowers.
7. PaRtnarium asperutum, Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 307. A tree
20-80 feet high; young branches slender, with dark-coloured bark and
# few scanty deciduous pale flexuous hairs. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually to the obtusely acuminate apex ;
the blade narrowed slightly to the base and continued along the sides
of the upper half of the short petiole; both surfaces glabrous and with
minute pitted papille, the lower paler and more reticulate; main
nerves 10-16 pairs, faint, spreading ; length 3-55 in., breadth 1- 1: 65 in.,
petiole 25 in. acemes or panicles axillary or eer solitary, half
as long as the leaves, minutely tomentose; the flowers about ‘3 in. long,
(‘6 in. to the apex of the exserted stamens); the pedicels 1 in. long;
bracts at the base of the flower 2, obtuse, tomentose. Calya densely
tomentose ; the tube clavate, deflexed-pilose inside; the lobes broadly
ovate, subacute, imbricate. Petals longer than the calyx-lobes, obovate-
oblong, not clawed, glabrous. Stumens about 10; the filaments glab-
rous, united at the base. Ovary densely and the style sparsely villous.
Fruit sub-ovoid, compressed, very obtuse, with a vertical groove along
the two sides, minutely rugulose and densely covered with hard pale-
brown scurf, nearly 1 in. long and ‘6 in. broad, 2-celled ; pericarp at |
_ bony, hairy inside.
Penance; Curtis, 203. Panana; Ridley, 2603. Perak; King’s Col-
lector, 3537, 7568. Drisrrre. Sumatra.
There is an original and authentic specimen of P. asperulwm in the Calcutta
Herbarium collected by Teysmann in Sumatra, and it agrees absolutely with the
Penang and Perak specimens above quoted. The species is near to P. scabrum,
Hassk., but has fewer stamens and smaller and differently shaped leaves. The ripe
fruit is also presumably much smaller, for specimens of unripe fruit of P. scabruwm
are as large as specimens of ripe fruit of this species.
8. Parinarium scaprom, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1844), 269.
A tall tree ; young branches dark-coloured and with a few scattered hairs.
Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate; the
base broad, rounded or very slightly cuneate, eglandular; both surfaces
glabrous, shining, strongly but minutely reticulate, and with numerous
small perforate-topped papille especially on the reticulations; main
J. u, 36
282 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
nerves 13-15 pairs, slender, spreading, with a few shorter intermediate ;
length 4-6 in., breadth 1°75-2°75 in., petiole ‘2 in. Panicles (sometimes
reduced to racemes) axillary and terminal, often two or three together,
much shorter than the leaves, adpressed-pubescent; the flowers not
numerous, collected near the ends of the brauches; bracts oblong, ob-
tuse, pubescent, shorter than the calyx-tube. Flowers (from the point of
insertion) ‘5 or “6 in. long; the calyx-tube merged in the pedicel,
clavate, pubescent outside, deflexed-villous inside. Culyz-lobes ovate-
rotund, undulate, subacute, imbricate, minutely tomentose on both
surfaces. Petals larger than the calyx-lobes, obovate, clawed, glabres-
cent. Stamens 12-16; the filaments united at the base into a tube open
at one side, much curved, deflexed. Ovary lanate, 2-celled. Style
sparsely pubescent, shorter than the stamens. Fruit ovoid, obtuse, slight-
ly compressed, vertically grooved, rough and covered with pale scurf;
pericarp bony, thick, 2-celled, the cells pubescent, 1] in. long and °6
in. broad (not ripe). Hassk. in Flora (1844), p. 585. Mig. Fl. Ind.
Bat. Vol. I, pt. I, 354 t. V.
Perak; Scortechint 1981.
Only once collected in Perak. This species is very closely allied to P. glaber-
rimum, HasSsk. and I greatly doubt whether the two should be kept separate. The
latter species is described at great length by Hasskarl in the volume of Flora for
1844, p. 533; but I have seen only one authentic specimen, and that consists only of
leaves. P. scabrum, on the other hand, is described by Hasskarl in nine words: but
of it there are in the Calcutta Herbarium several excellent authentic flowering
specimens. And with these Scortechini’s specimens numbered 1981 agree absolutely.
9. Parrtnarium Konstugri, King n. spec. A tree 50-80 feet high;
young branches slender, cinereous, glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-
lanceolate, tapering from about the middle to each end, the apex
acuminate; the base acute, eglandular; both surfaces glabrous and
rather dull, the lower with wide slightly conspicuous reticulations and
minute papille; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, curving upwards, only slightly
conspicuous on the lower surface; length 3:25-4°5 in., breadth 1:15-
1:65 in., petiole ‘25-3 in.,; lobes of the calyx oblong, obtuse, tomentose
on both surfaces. Petals longer than the calyx-lobes, obtuse, glabrous.
Stamens about 20 or 30, glabrous; the filaments united by their bases,
longer than the petals. Style as long as the stamens, villous. Fruit
oblong, ovoid, slightly compressed, obtuse, tapering slightly to the base,
1:25 in. long and about ‘9 in. broad, 2-celled, densely covered with pale-
brown crustaceous scurf; pericarp crustaceous, smooth inside.
Perak; King’s Collector 3715, 3745, 6917.
I have seen no specimens of this in flower. The description of the parts
of the flower above given has been taken from withered remains found persisting
at the base of some of the ripe fruits. In its leavesthis resembles P. asperulum,
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula. 283
Miq., but there are only 6 or 7 pairs of nerves as against 10-16 pairs in that
species. The fruits of this are moreover slightly larger and much more globular,
and the interior of the cells is oe tat 3; Whereas in those of P. asperulwm the
cells are hairy inside.
10. Parinarium GrirritHianum, Benth. in Hook. Niger Flora, 334.
A large tree (Curtis) ; young branches rather stout, with dark lenti-
cellate bark. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate, narrowed at the base to the short petiole; both
surfaces glabrous, the upper very polished, the lower duller; main
nerves 7-10 pairs, curving upwards, faint; length 35-6 in., breadth
12-225 in., petiole ‘25-35 in. Punicles axillary and terminal, peduncu-
late, longer than the leaves, pyramidal, nearly glabrous, the branches
sparsely-flowered; bracts, if any, deciduous (not seen). Flowers ‘5 in.
long, on short pedicels. Calya-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, hoary-
pubescent, the lobes rotund. Petals broadly oblong, concave, sub-
glabrous, about as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 20-30; the fila-
ments longer than the petals, united at the base into a short tube.
Ovary very tomentose; the style longer than the stamens, glabrous.
Fruit narrowly ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, blunt, glabrous, 2-celled,
about 1°5 in. long and °75 in. in diam.; pericarp crustaceous, ‘15 in.
thick, lined with dense silky pubescence. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 310.
P. multiflorum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 1, 356. Maranthes multi-
flora, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 259, t. 70.
Matacca; Griffith 2047/2; Maingay 620. Panane; Ridley 1364.
Kerpau ; Curtis. Sincapore; Ridley 4792, Punanea; Curtis 1514, 2416.
Griffith’s specimen 2047/2, which is the type of the species, has more
polished leaves and an opener panicle than the other specimens quoted above. But
I can detect no difference in the flowers. Griffith’s specimen has no fruit, and the
whole material is imperfect. It may turn out that there are really two species
- included under P. Grifiithianwm,
11. PariNARIUM HETEROPETALUM, Scortechini MSS. A tree 60-80
feet high ; young branches rather slender and with rather rough cinereous
glabrous bark. Leaves coriaceous, eglandular, oblong-lanceolate, taper-
ing from the middle to both ends, the apex acuminate, the base acute;
both surfaces glabrous, rather dull when dry, the lower very minutely
punctate; main nerves faint on both surfaces, 5 or 6 pairs, oblique,
ascending ; length 3°5-4°5 in., breadth 1-1°6 in., petiole ‘35 in., stout.
Panicles axillary and terminal, about one-third to one-half as long as
the leaves, with short branches, everywhere rusty-pubescent; bract at
the base of the flowers solitary, lanceolate, tomentose. Flowers ‘5 in.
long, sessile. Calyz-tube curved, narrowly tubular below the bend
and suddenly expanded above it; the lobes thick, concave, reflexed,
unequal, from oblong to suborbicular or obovate, everywhere pubescent
984 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
or tomentose, the hairs inside the tube not deflexed. Petals 8, pink, glab-
rous, longer than the calyx-lobes, very unequal ; the two posterior erect,
broadly elliptic, concave, clawed; the three anterior narrowly oblong,
revolute, imbricate, flat. Stamens 25-30, in a single semi-tubular
phalange, as long as the petals, glabrous; the anthers small. Ovary
villous, 2-celled. Style curved, longer than the stamens, villous in the
lower, glabrous in the upper half. Fwi¢ unknown.
Psrak ; Scortechini, 240, 2040.* King’s Collector, 664, 6899.
A species easily recognised by its curved flowers and very unequal sepals and
petals.
12. Parrnartum ? nrripum, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 310. A tree
15-40 feet high; young branches very slender, with pale-brown glabrous
shining bark. Jeeaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and bluntly
acuminate, the blade much narrowed to the base and continued along
the sides of the upper half of the petiole; both surfaces quite glabrous,
the upper very shining; the lower slightly dull, paler, almost glaucous
when young; main nerves 7-9 pairs, ascending, faint ; length 2°25-3°5,
rarely 4 in, breadth ‘8-1'75, rarely 2 or 2°5 in. ; petiole below the winged
part ‘1-2 in. Paunicles slightly shorter or longer than the leaves, hoary-
tomentose, axillary and terminal, with short sub-horizontal cymosely
3-flowered branches; bracts oblong, shorter than the flowers, broadly
ovate, acute, concave. Flowers ‘15 in. long and about the same in
width at the mouth, subsessile. Calye widely funnel-shaped, thé
lobes broadly triangular, acute; the exterior hoary-tomentose; the
interior lined by the subglabrous tube formed by dilated bases of the
filaments, and with a thickened hairy process on the side opposite the
8-10 anthers. Petals longer than the calyx-lobes, oblong-obtuse,
incurved. Ovary densely sericeous, the style short. Fruit obowoid-
rotund, glabrous, 1-celled, °35 in. long and about ‘25 in. in diam,; the
pericarp thin, leathery, densely woolly inside.
Manaccea; Griffith 2047/1, Maingay 619. Derry 189, 1180. Purax;
King’s Collector 8599, 8680, 8711. Prnane; Curtis 147, 853; King’s
Collector 1274, 14:72.
Very few of the specimens which I have seen of this have fruit, and of these
not one has a seed. When the material has been fully completed by the receipt of
seeds, 1 think a new genus might with advantage be formed for this plant; for it
differs from the other species of Parinarium here described in having a cushion-
like process in its calyx-tube the other parts of which are lined by the tube formed
by the lower part of the dilated filaments. It also has a small 1-celled fruit with a
thin leathery pericarp.
2. Parastemon, A. DC.
A shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, evergreen, quite
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 285
entire. Flowers polygamo-diccious, minute, racemose, minutely bracteo-
late. Oalya-tube shortly campanulate; lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5, (or
6), oblong, deciduous. Stamens 2 perfect unilateral, and several imper-
fect. Carpel 1, adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, l-celled; style basilar;
ovules 2, erect. Fruit oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Seed solitary, erect; testa membranous, pubescent; cotyledons fleshy,
radicle inferior, plumule hairy.
Parastemon vroraytitum, A. DC. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2. XVIII,
208. A tall tree with pendulous habit, young branches very slender,
glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, sometimes
slightly oblanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate, the base much
narrowed; both surfaces glabrous, the lower minutely lepidote; main
nerves very faint, 4-6 pairs, oblique, the intermediate almost as distinct;
length 2°5-3 in., breadth *85-1°5 in., petiole ‘25 in. Racemes nearly as
long as the leaves, slender, axillary, glabrous, usually solitary but some-
times 2 together. Flowers °15 in. long to the apex of the stamens, on
short pedicels each with a minute concave ovate bracteole at its base.
Fruit cylindric, tapering a little to each end, glabrous, ‘45 in. long, and
‘20 in. in diam.
In all the provinces, except the Andamans,
3. Prunus, Linn.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire, or serrate
or crenate or glandular-serrulate ; petiole often 2-clandular.’ Flowers
white or red, solitary, fascicled, corymbose or racemed. Calyx deciduous
in fruit; lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 15-60, perigynous,
inserted in the mouth of the calyx-tube, filaments free. Carpel 1; style
terminal ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupe with an indehiscent
or 2-valved, l-seeded, smooth, or rugged stone. Seed pendulous, testa
membranous or coriaceous, albumen scanty or 0. Drsrris. N. temp.
regions, rare in the tropics; species about 80.
Prunus MARTABANICA, Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 434. A tree 40-60
feet high; all parts, except the inflorescence, quite glabrous; young
branches rather slender, lenticellate. Leaves membranous, elliptic-ob-
long to ovate-oblong, acuminate, suddenly slightly and often unequally
narrowed to the base, with minute black dots on the lower surface ;
main nerves 5-7 pairs, spreading, very faint; length 3-6 in., breadth
1°65-2°5 in.; petiole “4-75 in., eglandular. Itacemes solitary or in pairs,
from the axils of fallen leaves and about as long as the leaves, pubes-
cent. Flowers rather distant, about °35 in. in diam. on puberulous
pedicels ‘3-35 in. long. Calyx-tube campanulate, tomentose; the lobes
erect, ovate, subacute. Petals orbicular, about ‘1 in. long, deciduous.
286 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1], .
Stamens 60-80. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, the style much longer than the
stamens, the stigma dilated. Drupe cylindric, with a pointed apex and
rounded base, glabrous, 1—1:25 in. long; pericarp thin, woody, smooth
inside. Seed minutely hairy. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 316. Cerasus?
mariabanica, Wall. Cat. 4902.
AnpamaNn Istanps; Kurz, King’s Collectors. Dtstris. Burma.
Var. Scortechinit, King, bases of leaves rounded, main nerves 9-12
pairs ; racemes less than haif the length of the leaves; flowers ‘25 in.
in diam.; stamens 30—40, fruit about ‘6 in. long.
PERAK; Scortechini 1782; King’s Collector 5638.
This variety may possibly prove to be a distinct species. Although differing
from the Andamanese and Burmese specimens in the points noted above, the Perak
specimens have the same general facies.
4. Pyqarum, Geertn.
Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually quite entire ;
stipules minute, fugacious, (large and persistent in one species) basal
glands 2 or 0. Flowers small, racemose or paniculate, sometimes
unisexual by want of the ovary. Calyx-tube obconic urceolate or cam-
panulate, deciduous ; limb 5-15-toothed, often unequally. Petals minute,
5-6 in the 5-6-toothed calyx, 0 in the 10-15-toothed, villous or tomen-
tose, rarely glabrous, often undistinguishable from the calyx-lobes.
Stamens 10-50, in one or more series at the orifice of the calyx-tube ;
filaments slender, incurved; anthers small. Carpel 1, basal in the
calyx-tube, ovoid or subglobose ; style terminal, slender, exserted from
the bud, stigma capitate; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Fruit a trans-
versely oblong, obscurely didymous, rarely subglobose drupe ; pericarp
thin, dry or juicy. Cotyledons very thick, hemispheric; radicle minute,
superior. Duistris. Species about 30, tropical Asiatic and one African.
Edges of leaves entire :—
Stipules large and persistent ante eee w. IL. P. stipulaceum.
Stipules small and fugaceous :—
Flowers ‘5 in. in diam. ie aie .. 2. P. grandiflorum.
Flowers much less than ‘5 in. in diam. :—
Ovary glabrous :—
Racemes not much longer than the petioles :—
Leaves 4 or 5 in. long and 2 in. broad, lower
surface puberulous; main nerves 7 pairs .. 38. P, intermedium.
Leaves 1'5-2 in. long and °65-1‘1 in. broad,
lower surface deciduously pubescent and rugulose
beneath; main nerves 4-6 pairs a 4. P. Maingayi.
Leaves 3-3'5 in. long, 1-1'4 in. broad, silveybtis
beneath and subglaucous; main nerves 4 or 5
pairs Ais pai Se «» OO. P. lanceolatum.
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 287
Racemes 2 or 3 inches long :—
Flowers ‘15 in. long, 6-merous, stamens 30;
leaves with 6 or 7 pairs of nerves, their apices
much tapered ae me .. 6. P. acuminatum,
Flowers ‘25 in, long, 5-merous; stamens 40 or
50; leaves with 7-10 pairs of nerves, their apices
slightly and obtusely acuminate 7. P.polystachyum,
Ovary villous or hirsute :—
Racemes much longer than the petioles (from °*75-
1°5 in. Jong) :—
Leaves glabrous on the lower surface . 8. P. Scortechinis.
Leaves rugulose, the lower surface Ps Acta
except for a few scattered adpressed hairs .. OF BP. persimile.
Leaves with short adpressed hairs on the lower
surface, not glabrous or rugulose_... -.. 10. P. parviflorum.
Racemes very little longer than the petioles :—
Lower surfaces of leaves with short adpressed
hairs; bases of leaves cuneate, their apices
~ caudate-acuminate in aes .. 10. P. parviflorum.
VaR. densa.
Lower surfaces of leaves minutely pubescent
with adpressed bristles intermixed with the
hairs; bases of leaves rounded, their apices
obtuse and emarginate ..., * w» Ll. P. ovalifolium.
Lower surfaces of leaves minutely Paake -pubes-
cent, the hairs partly deciduous; leaves with
rounded bases and acuminate apices .. 12. P. Hookerianum
Leaves glabrous on the under surface -. 13. P. brevifolium.
Edges of leaves sinuate-dentate.... ek vw. 14.) P. Griffithii.
1. PyGEuM sTIpuLAcEUM, King n. sp. A tree; young branches
stout, densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves very coriaceous, broadly
elliptic, acute, the base broad and slightly cordate, the edges revolute ;
upper surface glabrous, the nerves and midrib deeply depressed, the
latter pubescent; lower surface rusty-pubescent especially on the
‘midrib, main and transverse nerves; main-nerves 10-12 pairs, spread-
ing, curving upwards; length 5-7 in., breadth 2°5-3°75 in., petiole °5
in., very stout and densely rusty-tomentose ; stipules persistent, broadly
ovate, or caudate, acute, boldly ribbed, puberulous, persistent. Racemes
in fascicles from the branches below the leaves, 1°25-2 in. long, rusty-
tomentose ; bracts broadly elliptic, concave, tomentose outside, glabrous
inside. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on pedicels about as long as themselves.
Calyz-tube campanulate, with 10 short obtuse teeth, tomentose outside.
Petals 0. Stamens about 15, exserted, glabrous. Pustil longer than the
stamens ; ovary villous; style stout, erect, subglabrous ; stigma capitate,
discoid. Fruit unknown.
Perak ; Scortechini 11020.
288 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
2. PyGnuM GRANDIFLORUM, King n. spec. A tree 50-70 feet high;
all parts, except the inflorescence, glabrous; young branches rather
stout. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, sometimes
slightly obovate, with an abrupt short blunt point; the base cuneate,
eglandular ; upper surface shining, smooth, the lower less shining and
minutely pustulate; main nerves 8 or 9 pairs, spreading but curving
upwards, prominent on the lower surface; length 5-8 in., breadth
2°75-3°5 in., petiole °75 in. Panicles solitary, axillary, nearly as long as
the leaves, with a few lax corymbose branches, almost glabrous below,
rusty-tomentose towards the apex; bracts broadly ovate, concave,
blunt, puberulous. Flowers ‘5 in. across, on pedicels ‘15 in. long;
bracteoles near the apex of the pedicels 1 or 2, minute. Calyz-tube
widely campanulate, short, with 5 broad blunt subreniform lobes
tomentose outside. Petals 5, much larger than the calyx-teeth (2 in.
long), subrotund to broadly oblong, blunt, reflexed. Stamens very
numerous, glabrous. Pistil slightly longer than the stamens, the ovary
pubescent, style puberulous; stigma small, capitate. Fruit unknown.
Perak ; King’s Collector 7425.
A very distinct species with large glabrous leaves, and larger flowers than any
here described.
3. PYGEUM INTERMEDIUM, King n.spec. A tree 30-40 feet high; young »
branches dark-coloured, lenticellate, subglabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
broadly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, the apex acute or shortly acuminate,
the base rounded or slightly cuneate; upper surface minutely punc-
tulate, not shining when dry, glabrous except the broad, depressed,
pubescent midrib; lower surface puberulous, pubescent on the nerves
and midrib; main-nerves 7 pairs, oblique, curved, prominent beneath ;
length 4-5 in., breadth about 2 in., petiole ‘35 in. Rucemes about °5
in. long, from the axils of fallen leaves, solitary or several together,
densely tawny-tomentose ; bracts shorter than the very short pedicels,
ovate-obtuse, concave. lowers less than ‘15 in. long. Calyx-tube wide-
ly infundibuliform, with 6 oblong blunt hairy teeth. Petals none.
Stamens about 20, glabrous, exserted. Pistils as long as the stamens,
glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruit subglobular, compressed, crowned
by the style, glabrous, ‘3 in. long and about °2 in. thick.
Matacca; Maingay 626. Perak ; King’s Collector 3791.
4, Pycgeum Marina@aryi, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 319. <A tree;
young branches slender, with dark-coloured glabrous bark. Leaves
coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, with slightly cuneate rather
broad bases and often with 2 small glands a little above the petiole; the
upper surface glabrous, smooth but not shining (when dry); the lower
dark-brown in colour and rugulose, deciduously pubescent; main-nerves
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 289
4-6 pairs, spreading, curving upwards, rather prominent on the lower,
obsolete on the upper surface; length 15-2 in., breadth °65-1:1 in.,
petiole -2 in. Racemes axillary and extra-axillary, about as long as the -
petioles, rusty-tomentose; bracts solitary at the base of the pedicels,
ovate-acute, concave, tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Flowers ‘15 in.
in diam., on pedicels shorter than themselves. Calya-tube funnel-shaped,
its mouth with 6 obtuse villous teeth. Petals none. Stamens about 16,
glabrous, much exserted. Ovary small, often abortive; style slender,
glabrous. Fruit transversely oblong with a sharp mucronate apex, °25
in. long, and ‘35 in. broad.
Maracca; Maingay 625. Perak; King’s Collector 5336; Scortechini
217. :
This species comes very near P. lanceolatwm, Hook. fil. It has, however, no
petals, whereas P. lanceolatum has. The leaves of this in the young state are more-
over pubescent, while those of the latter are glabrous at all stages.
5. Pygeum LaNcEoLAtom, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I], 319. A tree
30 or 40 feet high; young branches slender, dark-coloured, adpressed-
puberulous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, obtusely acu-
minate; the base cuneate, with 2 narrow glands just above it; both
surfaces glabrous, the lower subglaucous and with a few adpressed
hairs on the main nerves and midrib; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, curved,
ascending, slightly prominent and dark-coloured on the lower surface ;
length 3-3°5 in., breadth 1-1'4 in., petiole ‘25-3 in. MLacemes only
about °5 in. long, axillary and extra-axillary, tomentose; the bracteole
at the base of each pedicel sub-orbicular, acute, glabrous inside.
Flowers on pedicels as long as themselves, ‘15 im. in diam. Calyz-
tube widely campanulate, tomentose externally, glabrous inside and with
10 broad short teeth. Petals (if any) deciduous. Stamens about 20,
much exserted. Ovary glabrous, compressed; style stout, glabrous,
longer than the petals; stigma compressed. Fruit transversely oblong,
with a slight vertical groove, glabrous, ‘3 in. long, and ‘4 in. broad, 2-
seeded.
Singapore ; Lobb 328. Prnana; Ourtis 216, 730.
The racemes of this are often very short, almost sessile, and subglobular. It
is a very distinct species. I have not been able to discover any petals. .
6. Pygeum acuminatom, Colebr. in Trans, Linn. Soc. XII, 360, t.
18. A tall tree; young branches cinereous, glabrous, rough. Leaves
coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, shortly and obtusely caudate-acumi-
nate ; the base rounded or slightly cuneate and nnequal, often with 1 or 2
obscure glands; upper surface glabrous, shining, the midrib and nerves
depressed ; lower surface brown when dry, subrugulose, glabrous, dull;
main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, curving upwards, prominent (almost winged)
ee 3, ark
290 G. King — Materials for a. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. li
beneath; length 4-65 in., breadth 1°75-3'25 in., petiole 35-5 in.”
Racemes from the axils of fallen leaves, solitary or several together,
2 or 3 inches long, slender, tawny-pubescent. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on
pedicels ‘1 in. long; bracts narrowly oblong, sub-acute, very deciduous,
Calya-tube broadly campanulate, *15 in. wide at the mouth ; teeth about
6, narrowly lanceolate. Petals 6, oblanceolate, obtuse, sericeous outside:
Stamens about 30, long-exserted, glabrous. Pistil as long as the
stamens; ovary glabrous; style slender, straight; stigma discoid-capi-
tate. Fruit transversely oblong, slightly compressed, minutely apiculate,
glabrous, but slightly rough, °5 in. long and ‘8 in. broad.
Anpaman Isntanps. Disrris. Burma, Chittagong, Assam Range,
Eastern Tropical Himalaya.
7. Pyaeum ponystacHyuM, Hook. fil. Fl, Br. Ind. I, 320. A tree
30-60 feet high; young branches with dark-coloured glabrous leuti-
cellate bark. Leaves very coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, usually with an
abrupt obtusely acuminate apex; the base broad or slightly and sud-
denly cuneate and with 2 large thick glands on its upper surface just above
the petiole; upper surface glabrous, shining, pale greenish-brown when
dry ; the lower brown when dry, dull, minutely rugulose, glabrous ; main
nerves 7-10 pairs, oblique, rather straight, depressed on the upper and
prominent on the lower surface; length 45-7 in., breadth 25-4 in.,
petiole ‘5 in., stout. Racemes (occasionally racemoid panicles) axillary,
shorter than the leaves, slender, covered with short scanty rusty pubes-
cence. Flowers about '2 in. long and ‘25 in, in diam., on pedicels varying
from *1—-2 in, long; bracts (if any) deciduous. Calyx-tube campanulate,
ribbed and tomentose externally, glabrescent within; lobes 5, oblong,
obtuse, rufous-tomentose. Petals 5, like the calyx-lobes. Stamens 40-50,
much exserted. Ovary glabrous; style as long as the stamens, glabrous ;
stigma dilated, compressed laterally. Druwpe sub-globular or transversely
oblong, bluntly apiculaté, *65 in. long and from *6—" 19% in. broad, glabrous.
Seeds glaucous.
Matacca; Maingay 627. Srinaarore; Ridley 3830, 4453, 4666.
Perak; Scortechini 2045, 2063. King’s Collector 5676, 6603, 5676,
6847, 10942; Wray 3113, 3384.
This species is very near P. acwminatum, Colebr., of which I believe it to be
probably only a southern form.
8. Pycrum ScorrecHinu, King n. sp. A slender tree 40-50 feet high ;
young branches puberulous, the bark dark-coloured. - Leaves coriaceous,
elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate; the base
cuneate, eglardular; upper surface shining, glabrous except for occasion-
ally a few scattered hairs on the depressed midrib near its base; lower
surface pale, not shining, glabrous, minutely rugulose; main nerves
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 291
6 or7 pairs, slender, spreading ; length 2-3 in., breadth ‘8-1°35 in., petiole
"25-35 in. Racemes solitary, axillary, 1-1:25 in. long, coarsely adpressed
rusty-pubescent, bracts (if any) deciduous. Flowers *15 in. long, their
pedicels ‘1 in. Calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, with 6 oblong sub-
acute hirsute lobes. Petals none. Stamens about 12, exserted. Prstil
shorter than the stamens, ovary with long white hairs; style glabres-
cent. Fruit transversely oblong, glabrous, minutely pubescent, ‘3 in.
long and ‘4.in. broad. : 3
Perak; Scortechinit 357.
Y. Pyarum perstmine, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal Vol. XLT,
306. <A tree; young branches slender, deciduously rusty-pubescent.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and
obtusely acuminate; the base rounded or slightly cuneate, eglandular ;
upper surface glabrous or glabrescent, very minutely punctate, dull,
the midrib coarsely pubescent; lower surface brown, rugulose, with
few scattered adpressed bristles, the nerves (but especially the midrib)
strigose-pubescent ; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, spreading, very promi-
nent (almost winged) on the lower surface; length 2°5-4 in., breadth
1:3-1°6 in,; petiole ‘25-3 in., slender, pubescent. Racemes usually in
fascicles of 2 or 3 (sometimes united near the base), rarely solitary,
from above the scars of fallen leaves, *75-1'75 in. long, densely tawny-
tomentose ; bracts broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, longer than the pedi-
cels. J'lowers ‘1 in. long and ‘15 in. wide at the mouth, their pedicels less
than ‘l in. Calyz-tube campanulate, tomentose outside, glabrous inside,
the mouth with 6 distant obtuse teeth. Petals none. Stamens about
12 or 18, glabrous, spreading, exserted. Pistil erect, as long as the
stamens, the ovary tawny-sericeous; the style glabrous above, seri-
ceous below ; stigma obliquely discoid. Fruit transversely oblong, with
a deep vertical groove, scarcely apiculate, glabrous except for a few
adpressed hairs in the groove, ‘25 in. long and ‘35 in. broad. Kurz
For. Flora Burma, J, 436; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 320.
Maracca; Griffith. Sinearore; Ridley 4452.
Mr. Kurz inadvertently referred to this Griffith’s No. 2056 from Tenasserim
which he says is closely allied to P. Lampongum, Mig. In my own opinion Griffith’s
No. 2056 is P. Lampongum. Kurz’s description of his P, persimile exactly agrees
with Griffithian specimens from Malacca (without any number), and on some of
these he has written thename P. persimile with his own hand. This species must
therefore henceforth be considered as Malayan and not as Burmese.
10. Pygeum parvirtorum, Teysm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijds. Ned.
Ind. IJ, 309. A tree 50-70 feet high; young branches dark-coloured,
minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong,
shortly caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate, upper surface shining,
292 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. (No. 1,
glabrous except sometimes the midrib pubescent; lower surface with
sparse short adpressed hairs, the midrib and main nerves pubescent ;
main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, oblique, not curved, very prominent on the
lower, faint on the upper surface; length 2°5-3'5 in., breadth 1°5-2 in.,
petiole ‘3-4 in, Racemes from ‘85-1'5 in. long, solitary or several to-
gether from the axils of fallen leaves, tomentose; bracts broad, obtuse,
tomentose, (subglabrous in vAR. densa). Flowers ‘1 in. long, sub-sessile.
Calyx-tube campanulate, with 6 obtuse short villous teeth. Stamens
about 18, exserted, glabrous, Pistil as long as the stamens, ovary villous.
Style sparsely pubescent especially towards the base; stigma capitate,
discoid, grooved. Fruit slightly broader than long, compressed, sparsely
adpressed-pubescent, subglabrous when old, 25 in. long and ‘3 in. broad.
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. I, 361; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 320.
P. arboreum, Endl. Gen. Pl. 1250, in part. Polydontia arborea, Blume
Bijdr. 1105. Polystorthia, Blume FI. Javae Praef. VIII, in part.
Maracca; Ridley 1872. Prnane; Curtis 162. Prax; King’s
Collector 7236, and 10827; Curtis 1293. Distr1B. Java, Borneo.
Var. densa; racemes not much longer than the petioles, the flowers
much crowded and quite sessile, densely covered with pale tomentum ;
bracts very broad, subglabrous.
Perak; King’s Collector 6986, 10195, 10396, 10753.
It is possible that this variety ought to be treated as a species.
11, PycGrum ovatiroLium, King n. spec. A small tree 15-20 feet high ;
young branches with rather rough cinereous bark, deciduously rusty-
pubescent. Leaves oval or broadly ovate; the apex obtuse, obliquely and
minutely emarginate; the base rounded and eglandular; upper surface
shining, minutely punctate and rugulose, the midrib convex and rusty-
pubescent; lower surface dull, minutely pubescent, with adpressed
bristles intermixed, the midrib tomentose; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs,
spreading, slightly depressed on the upper and slightly prominent on
the lower surface when dry; length 1:75-2:15 in., breadth J-1'5 in.,
petiole ‘3-4 in, Racemes axillary, stout, from 3—5in. long, few-flowers-
ed, densely rusty-tomentose; bracts obliquely ovate, very concave,
glabrous inside, densely tomentose outside. lowers ‘2 in. long, and 3
in. wide at the mouth, sessile. Calyw-tube campanulate, densely tomen-
tose outside, glabrous inside except at the base; the mouth with 10
oblong obtuse teeth. Petals none. Stamens about 30 or 40, glabrous,
much exserted, spreading. Pistil shorter than the stamens; the ovary
narrowly ovoid, sericeous; style stout, subglabrous ; stigma obliquely
discoid. fruit subglobose with a slight vertical groove and shortly
apiculate apex, sparsely strigose, ‘35 in. in diam.
Perak; at an elevation of about 5000 feet, King’s Collector 7329.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 293
12. Pygeum Hooxkerianum, King n, spec. A shrub or small tree ;
young branches dark-coloured, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, more
or less broadly ovate, sometimes ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, the
base broad and rounded or sometimes slightly narrowed to the petiole ;
upper surface glabrous, the lower minutely rusty-pubescent especially
on the midrib and nerves, the hairs partially deciduous ; main nerves
6 or 7 pairs, spreading, slightly oblique, interarching rather far from
the edge; length 2-4 in., breadth 1-1'8 in., petiole ‘25 in. Rucemes
axillary and extra-axillary, sometimes crowded, usually less than °5 in.
long, densely rufous-tomentose. Flowers ‘2 in, in diam., on very short
pedicels each with a broadly ovate concave bracteole at its base.
Calyz-tube tomentose outside, glabrous inside, widely campanulate, with
6 obtuse teeth. Petals 6, about as long as the calyx-teeth, lanceolate,
pubescent externally. Stamens from the mouth of the calyx-tube, about
20, glabrous, much exserted. Ovary sericeous; style longer than the
stamens, puberulous, stigma obliquely discoid. Fruit sub-globular, 1-
seeded and -25 in. in diam., or transversely elongate with a shallow
vertical groove and often 2-seeded, °25 in. long and ‘4 in. broad, always
glabrous and slightly apiculate, black or dark purple ; seed when ripe
covered with white down.
Perak; Scortechint 1234; Wray 3969; King’s Collector 1970, 2083,
2703, 4789, 6425.
To this species I believe belongs No. 628 of the Maingay Herbarium referred
to by Sir Joseph Hooker in a note on p. 322, Vol. II of the Flora of British India, but
left undescribed by him for want of sufficiently good material.
13. Pygeum Brevironium, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 321. <A shrub
3 or 4 feet high; young branches dark-coloured, glabrous. Leuves
coriaceous, broadly oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, sometimes
minutely emarginate, both surfaces quite glabrous; the upper oliva-
ceous brown, the lower brown; main nerves 4 or 5 pairs, spreading and
interarching, faint beneath ; length 2—2°5 in., breadth 1*1-1°3 in., petiole
25-3 in. acemes axillary, only about ‘3 in. long, sub-globose, tomen-
tose, 6-10-flowered, bracts small. Calyx-tube urceolate, with 5 or 6
obtuse unequal teeth. Petals none. Stumens 10-16, filaments short.
Ovary villous ; style rather short, glabrous. Fruit unknown.
Mauacca; Summit of Mount Ophir, Griffith 2051.
14. Pyreeum Grirrirai, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 322. A tree?
Young branches stout, densely tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely cuspidate; the edges ciliate
and obscurely sinuate-toothed; the base rounded or acute, with 2
small basal glands; both surfaces very minutely dotted; the upper
glabrous, the midrib and main nerves impressed and puberulous ; lower
294 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
surface minutely puberulous; main nerves 8-10 pairs, spreading, inter-
arching ; length 5 or 6 in ; petiole ‘2 in., very stout. Rucemes axillary,
solitary, stout, *5 in. loias few-flowered, densely tomentose. Flowers
sessile. Calya-tube obconic, with 6 oblong teeth. Petals none. Stamens
12. Ovary globose, hairy. Fruit unknown.
Maracca ; Griffith 2050.
This species is very imperfectly known, the only specimens of it being Griffith’s
which are quite fragmentary. The above description is taken entirely from Sir
Joseph Hooker, who in turn took the description of the flowers from Griffith’s MSS,.
It may be distinguished by its sinuate-toothed leaves.
5. Rusus, Linn.
Sub-erect or sarmentose shrubs, always prickly. Leaves alternate,
simple or compound; stipules free or adnate to the petiole. Flowers in
terminal and axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitary, white or red.
Calya-tube broad ; lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. Diése
lining the calyx-tube. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle; style
subterminal ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupes many, 1-seeded,
crowded upon a dry or spongy conical or cylindric receptacle. Seed
pendulous. Duisrri. Abundant in the northern hemisphere, rare in the
southern ; species about 200.
Leaves simple :—
Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed; terminal panicle shorter
than the leaves; young branches tomentose, capes or
villous. a, wat see we 1. BR. moluccanus.
Leaves ovate or ovate-triangular, with 2 or 4 shallow
lobes at the base only; terminal panicle as long: as the
leaves ; young branches with thin cobwebby pubescence. 2. R. glomeratus,
Leaves broadly ovate, not lobed; terminal panicle much
longer than the leaveS; young branches puberulous at
first but speedily glabrous i. vids .. 3d RB, elongatus.
Leaves pinnate ia as ves . 4 R. rosefolius.
1. Rusus motvuccanus, Linn. Spec. Pl. 707. A powerful subscan-
dent shrub; the young branches, under surfaces of the leaves and
inflorescence densely tawny or rusty-tomentose, villous or woolly ; prickles
short (‘1 in. or less) and recurved on the branches, petioles and lower
surfaces of the midribs, often absent on the main nerves. Leaves coria-
ceous, usually broader than long, broadly ovate or orbicular, deeply
cordate; palmately 5—7-lobed, the lobes often lobulate ; 2-10 in. in diam.,
the petioles 1-2°5 in. long; upper surfaces of leaves rugulose, sparsely
hispid, the edges irregularly dentate or serrate. Stipules varying in
size, oblong, toothed, pinnatifid or laciniate. Panicles axillary and ter-
minal, much shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Flowers from ‘5-1
in. in diam., bracts like the stipules not with glandular hairs. Calya-
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 295
lobes ‘2-4 in. long, more or less triangular, sometimes deeply toothed.
Petals obovate, white, shorter than the calyx-lobes; ovaries numerous,
glabrous. rwit globose, succulent, the individual carpels red, the
receptacle hairy. Roxb. Flor. Ind. 11,518; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. I, part 1,
382; Wall. Cat 743; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. J, 437. BR. rugosus,
Smith in. Rees Cyc. XXX, Rubus 34; Don Prodr. 234; Wight et Arn,
Prodr. 299; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 89; Thwaites’ Enum. 101;
Wight Ic. t. 225; Wall. Cat. 748. Rubus Hamiltonianus, Wall. Plant.
As. Rar. III, 19, t, 234. R. micropetalus, R. macrocarpus, and R. Fairhol-
mianus, Gardner in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. VIII, 6. R. cordifolius,
Don Prodr. 233. BR. reflewus, Ker in Bot. Reg. 461; Benth. Hong-Kong
Flor, 104. &. Hamiltonianus, Seringe in DC. Prode. II, 566, Petes
Amboin. V, 88, t. 47, f. 2.
_ In all the Provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands ; com-
mon on the hilly parts. Distris, British India, Malayan Archipeince
Var. alcexfolia; pubescence very soft and velvety, leaves 4°5-10
in. in diam., prickles often ‘2 or ‘25 in. Jong, stipules and bracts pecti-
nate, terminal panicle often 6 in. long, calyx-teeth spreading. WR.
alcexfolius, Poir. Encycl. VI, 247; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 1, 379.
Perak ; elevation 2000 feet, Wray 1463. DistTR1B. Malay Archi-
pelago.
2, Rusvus GLomeratus, Blume Bijdr. 1111. A semi-scandent shrub;
young branches slender, with pale deciduous cobwebby pubescence.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate or ovate-triangular, with 2—4 shallow
lobes near the cordate base only, the upper half tapering to the acumi-
nate apex, not lobed, the edges everywhere dentate; upper surface
glabrous except the pale-pubescent midrib and sometimes the nerves,
minutely rugulose ; lower surface minutely rusty- or tawny-tomentose
_ or sparsely pubescent, reticulate ; length 3-4 in., breadth 1°75-2°5 in. ;
petiole 1-15 in. long, with minute prickles which extend sometimes
to the midrib. Stipules ovate, pinnatifid, deciduous. Panicles axillary
and shorter than the leaves, or terminal and as long as the leaves, few-
flowered, tawny-tomentose. Flowers °35 in. in diam, Calyz-lobes tri-
angular, entire, acute, tomentose. Petals as long as the calyx-lobes,
obovate. Carpels of the fruit numerous, red. BR. Hasskarli, Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt, 1, 381. 2B. acerifolius, Wall. Cat. 744.
Prnana; Singapore; Perak. Diustris. Malay Archipelago.
Var. gracilis, King; terminal panicles twice as long as the leaves ;
pedicels of the flowers -4—'6 in, long.
In its long terminal panicles this variety resembles R. elongatus, but the flowers
have longer pedicels; moreover the venation of the leaves is quite that of R.
glomeratus.
3. Rusus esLonaatus, Smith Icon, Ined. IIT, t. 62. A scandent
996 G. King — Materials for a Flora ofthe Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
shrub; young branches at first pubescent but speedily glabrous, the bark
dark-coloured and with minute deflexed prickles. Leaves coriaceous,
broadly ovate, deeply cordate at the base, the apex acute; the edges
sinuate and remotely dentate, not lobed; upper surface smooth, glabrous
except the pubescent midrib ; under surface pale, and (except 3 or 4 on
the midrib) without prickles; the nerves and veins glabrous and chest-
nut: brown, the areole minutely pale-tomentose; length 3°5-5'5 in.,
breadth 2°5-3°5 in., petiole 135-2 in., with a few small prickles.
Stipules ovate, pinnatifid, deciduous. Panicles pubescent and with small
scattered prickles, a few axillary and shorter than or as long as the
leaves; the terminal one much longer than the leaves (often 15 in.
long) with distant branches; the flowers mostly clustered at their
' extremities, subsessile or shortly pedicelled, ‘3 in. in diam. Calyz-lobes
triangular, blunt, tawny-tomentose. Fruit with numerous red carpels.
DC. Prodr. II, 567; Blume Bijdr. 1112. R. Lobbitanus, Hook. Ic. PI.
t, 741-742.
Perak; Wray 421, 1849; King’s Collector 3465, 5732; Scortechini
1468. Distrris. Sumatra. .
4. RUBUS ROSAEFOLIUS, Smith Ic. Ined. III, t. 60. A subscandent
woody shrub; branches, petioles leaf-rachises and inflorescence with long
stiff usually glandular hairs, with shorter softer hairs intermixed and a
few sharp polished hooked spines. Leaves pinnate, 2-5 in. long; leaf-
lets 3-7, membranous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, unequally incised-
serrate, rarely with 1 or 2 basal lobes, the apex acuminate, the base
rounded ; upper surface sparsely strigose, the midrib and nerves villous ;
lower surface less strigose than the upper, minutely reticulate, never
white or glaucous ; length of leaflets 1-3 in., breadth ‘35-1:2 in.; petiolules
of the lateral leaflets ‘1-2 in., those of the terminal ones ‘5—l-in.
Stipules linear-lanceolate, acuminate. lowers ‘75-1 in. in diam., on
pedicels much longer than themselves, solitary or in lax few-flowered
panicles. Calyz-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, not prickly, woolly or.
glabrous. Petals usually larger than the calyx-lobes, broadly obovate, _
white. Fruit elongated, rarely subglobose, the numerous red carpels on
a glabrous receptacle. Roxb. Flor. Ind. II, 518; Wall. Cat. 728; Kurz
For. Flora Brit. Burm. I, 439; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 349; Hook. fil. Fl Br. Ind.
I], 34]. R. pinnatus, Willd. RB. asper, Don Prodr. 234; Wall. Cat. 74],
Perak; at 3900 feet. Wray, at 4500 feet, No. 4187, Disrris. Bri-
tish India, Java.
6. -Pyrus, Linn.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves deciduous, simple or pinnate; stipules
deciduous. Flowers white red or pink, in terminal cymes or corymbs ;
bracts subulate or linear. Calyx-tube urceolate turbinate or obconic,
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 297
lobes 5, erect or refiexed, persistent or deciduous. Petals 5, quincunci-
ally imbricate in bud, Stamens 20 or more, filaments sometimes connate
at the base. Disc annular, or lining the calyx-tube. Carpels 2-5,
connate and adnate to the calyx-tube; styles 2-5, free or connate below,
stigmas truncate; ovules 2 in each cell, basal, collateral, ascending.
Frwt (a pome) fieshy, 2—5-celled ; cells with a membranous or cartila-
ginous often 2-valved endocarp, 1-2-seeded. Seeds when in pairs plano-
convex, testa coriaceous; cotyledons amygdaloid. Disrri. N. temp.
and‘cold regions ; species about 100,
Pyrus GRANULOSA, Bertol. in Mem, Acad. Sc. Bolog. Ser, II, IV,
312. A small glabrous tree. Leaves coriaceous, ovate, usually acu-
minate, the base cuneate or rounded, the edges serrate or sinuate-
- serrate ; upper surface shining, the lower dull-brown when dry; main
nerves 7-9 pairs, prominent on the lower surface, oblique, Fruits
globose-pyriform, minutely rugulose, glabrous, the calyx-lobes not,
persistent, °75 in. long and °6 in. in diam., 4-celled, in lax terminal
glabrous corymbs longer than the leaves; fruit pedicels from ‘4—-1°5
in. long, endocarp of large granules, Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 378.
P. sikkimensis, Wenzig in Linnea, 1874, 58, im part ; Kurz For. Flor.
Brit. Burm. I, 442. P. Karensium, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
1872, II, 306; 1873, IT, 232.
Perak; at an elevation of 2000-2500 feet; Scortechint. Distrin.
Burma; Khasia Mountains; Sumatra, Forbes 2050! 2376.
Orper XL. SAXIFRAGACEA.
Trees shrubs or herbs. Leavesalternate and exstipulate, or stipules
adnate to the base of the petiole, or opposite and exstipulate. In/lores-
cence various ; flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dicecious ; the sepals,.
petals and stamens symmetrically regular. Calyx more or less adnate
to the ovary, sometimes nearly free, sometimes quite inferior ; lobes
imbricate or valvate. Petals 5 or 4, rarely 0, perigynous or epigynous,
rarely sub-hypogynous, imbricate or valvate, Stamens inserted with the
petals, equalling or double their number, rarely numerous. Ovary of
2 or 3-5 united carpels; usually 2- or 3-5-celled with axile placentas,
occasionally J-celled with parietal placentas; styles as many as the
carpels, distinct or combined nearly to the summits, stigmas capitate
or lateral and subcapitate ; ovules numerous, anatropous, erect or pen-
dulous. Fruit capsular or berried. Seeds numerous or several (solitary
in Polyosma) albuminous; the albumen rarely scanty or nearly want-
ing. Dustris. Species 580; in the cold or temperate regions of the
whole world and in the mountains of the tropics; together with a few
genera of tropical trees..
J. u. 38
298 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],
A sub-herbaceous shrub, with simple exstipulate leaves, and
suceulent fruits with numerous small seeds ise . 1. Diewroa.
Woody shrubs or trees with pinnate (rarely simple) Rey
leaves; fruits small, dry, capsular, dehiscent, 2-celled ; seeds
few hairy te ... 2. WEINMANNIA,
Trees or large woody stHibe with are Wives 4-merous
flowers, and dry fruit with a single large smooth seed _ eo. 8, PoLyosma.
1. Duicuroa, Lour.
A sub-herbaceous shrub. Leaves opposite, more or less serrate,
lanceolate, persitent, exstipulate. Panicle terminal. Calyx-tube ad-
nate to the ovary; limb 5-6-toothed. Petals 5 or 6, thick, valvate, blue
or purplish. Stamens 10 or 12, epigynous. Ovary %-inferior, 1-celled ;
styles 3-5; ovules numerous, on 3-5 parietal placentas formed by the
inflexed margins of the carpels. Berry 4-inferior, blue. Seeds namer-
_ous, small, obovoid; testa with large reticulations.
DicHroa FEBRIFUGA, Lour. Fl. Cochinch, 301. A shrub 3-6 feet
high; branches terete, nearly glabrous. Leaves membranous, caudate-
acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges more or less distinctly serrate in
the upper three-fourths, entire in the lower fourth; main nerves 8 or 9
pairs, ascending; length 4-5 in., breadth 1:4-1‘8 in.; petioles unequal,
from *6-1'75 in. Panicles adi dawcd: -pubescent. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 406; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 128; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Petersh. X
16, p. 2. D. eyanitis and D. latifolia, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, I, 721, 722.
Adamia versicolor, Fortune in Journ. Hort. Soc. I, 298; Lindl. & Paxt.
Fl. Gard. I, t.5. A. cyanea, Wall. Cat. 441; Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 36; Pl.
As. Rar. t. 213; Bot. Mag. t. 3046; DC. Prodr. IV, 16; H. f. & T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. H, 76. A. chinensis, Gardn. & Champ. in Kew Journ.
Bot. I, 311. Cyanitis sylvatica, Remw. in Blume Bijd. 921; DC. Prodr.
IV, 16.
Perak; on the Central Range; Scortechini 266. Drisrrts. On the
higher parts of the Malayan Archipelago; China; Philippines ; Temper-
ate Himalaya from Bhotan to Nepal; Khasia Mountains.
2. Wouinmannts, Linn.
Trees or shrubs, usually with terete opposite branches. Leaves stipu-
late, opposite, coriaceous, unequally pinnate, 3-foliolate or simple, —
leaflets usually glandular-serrate. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-
diceceous. Calyx-tube short, the lobes 4 or 5, imbricate, persistent or
deciduous. Petals 4 or 5, sessile, imbricate, spathulate or obovate, in-
serted under the lobed margin of the perigynous disc. Stamens 8 or 10,
inserted with the petals, the filameuts often elongated and exserted; the
anthers small, 2-celled. Ovary free, ovoid or conical, 2-celled, 2-beaked ;
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 299
styles 2, subulate, persistent, the stigmas simple. (upsule small, coriace-
ous, 2-celled, septicidally 2-valved, the valves boat-shaped, few- or many-
seeded. Seeds oblong, reniform or subglobose; the testa membranous,
often hairy. Embryo terete, in the axis, or towards the apex, of the
fleshy albumen. Distris. Species about 80; Malayan, Mascarene,
Australasian, and American.
Weinmannya Biumes, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. Vol. 6,
(1847), p. 470. A small tree; young branches with sparse black stiff
hairs and many lenticels. Siz¢pules obovate-rotund, adpressed-pubescent,
‘2in.in diam. Leaves 2-3'5 in. long, pinnate; leaflets 9-11, opposite,
sessile, narrowly oblong-lanceolate with acute apices and _ slightly
narrowed and oblique bases, their edges remotely glandular-serrate,
the upper surfaces glabrous, the lower glabrous bnt fora very few
scattered black hairs; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, dark-coloured; length
*75-1 in., the terminal one longer, breadth ‘2-3 in. acemes clustered
at the apices of the branches, about as long as the leaves, puberulous,
many-flowered. lowers less than |! in. long, their pedicels shorter.
Capsules narrowly elliptic, glaberulous, crowned by the 2 divergent styles,
Seeds elongated, very comose at one end, less so at the other. Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 1, 718. Spireea pinnata, Blume, Cat. Hort. Bot.
Bogor. Arnoldia pinnata, Blume Bijdr., 868.
Mazacca; on Mount Ophir, Griffith. Perak; on Gunong Bubn, at
an elevation of 5000 feet, Wray 3814; on Gunong Idjan at 5000 feet,
Scortechini 446.
3, Ponyosma, Blume.
Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite,
petioled, acute or acuminate. lowers in terminal racemes (in some
non-Indian species solitary) 3-bracteolate. Calyz-tube entirely adnate
to the ovary; lobes 4, small, persistent. Petals 4, epigynous, linear,
valvate, white, yellowish or greenish, much recurved when expanded,
fugacious, usually hairy within. Stamens 4, epigynous, filaments hairy.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; style columnar, stigma simple ; ovules numer-
ous, ascending, on two parietal placentas which project considerably
into the cavity of the ovary. Fruit sub-baccate, 1l-seeded. Seed
ascending, subbasal. Distris. Species 18; Malayan, British Indian and
tropical Australasian.
Leaves quite glabrous on both surfaces :—
Leaves sharply sinuate-dentate, membranous; flowers ‘2 in.
long 4 oe aes des o. 1. P. parviflora.
Leaves quite entire, coriaceons, flowers '3 or ‘35 in, long :—
Leaves elliptic to elliptic-rotund, or obovate; calyx
strigose ... ane eee as ene) 2. Pe coytaced,
300 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, calyx nearly glabrous 3. P. Scortechinii.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, the midrib and nerves,
often with the intervening spaces on the lower surface also
adpressed-pubescent :—
Fruit truncate at the base and with 4 deep vertical grooves ;
flowers not more than ‘3 in. long; leaves entire we 4. P. mutabilis.
Fruit not truncate at the base and not vertically ridged :—
Fruit subglobular; flowers ‘35 in. long; leaves entire ... 5. P. fragrans.
Fruit ovoid, tapering at the base; flowers ‘45 in. long ;
leaves entire or remotely serrate . ». 6, P. integrifolia,
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, the lower aes always
in the young leaves, and usually in adult leaves covered with
dense yellowish tomentum :—
Fruit shb-globular, not ridged, ‘25 in. long aP 7. P. lete-virens.
Fruit ovoid with a truncate base, and with 4 deep scan
ridges, ‘4 in. long .. 8. P. velutina.
Imperfectly known species near P. velutina, Bl. ... . 9 P. Ridleyt.
1. PotyosmMa paRvirtoRa, King n. spec. A small tree; young
branches slender, glabrous. Leaves membranous, narrowly elliptic,
shortly caudate-acuminate, the edges sinuate-dentate in the upper three-
fourths, entire in the lower fourth, the base cuneate; both surfaces
glabrous, dull and dark-coloured when dry, the lower slightly paler
than the upper; main nerves 10-12 pairs, sub-horizontal, slightly pro-
minent on the lower surface only; length 2°5-3°25 in., breadth 1-1°5
in.; petiole ‘3-—"5 in., sparsely pubescent, channelled. Racemes ter-
minal, shorter than the leaves, puberulous. Flowers ‘2 in. long, their
pedicels ‘05 in., adpressed-pubescent ; the bracteoles linear, longer than
the pedicel. Calyx-tube narrow, nearly glabrous, the mouth with tri-
angular acuminate teeth. Petals only twice as long as the calyx, linear,
obtuse, pubescent externally, longer than the anthers. Fruit flask-
shaped, the apex crowned by the calyx-teeth and the pointed base of
the style, the base rounded and slightly gibbous, glabrous, ‘5 in. long,
and ‘3 in. in diam.
Perak ; on Gunong Inas, at 5000 feet, Wray 4143.
A species somewhat resembling P. ilicifolia, Blume in the shape of its leaves;
but having much shorter racemes and smaller flowers, and an almost glabrous calyx,
2. Ponyosma coriacea, King n. spec. Ashrub or small tree ; young
branches glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic to
elliptic-rotund, rarely sub-obovate, the apex acute or shortly acuminate,
the edges entire and slightly revolute when dry, the base cuneate ;
both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull and paler ;
main nerves 9-11 pairs, spreading, interarching freely, slightly promi-
nent on the lower surface only; length 2°75-4 in., breadth 1:5-2 in.,
petiole about “75 in. Racemes terminal, about as long as or longer than
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 301
the leaves, sparsely adpressed-pubescent. Flowers 35 in. long; their
pedicels *l in., bearing 3 unequal linear-acuminate strigose bracteoles.
Calyz-tube shorter than the pedicel, slightly constricted under the
mouth; the teeth triangular, acute, strigose like the tube, Petals much
longer than the calyx and slightly longer than the stamens, linear,
obtuse, minutely strigose outside, sub-villous inside. Fruit (very young)
ovoid, glabrous, crowned by the calyx-teeth.
Psrak ; on Gunong Bubu at an elevation of 5000 feet; Scortechini
805; Wray 3819, 3855, 4131. Ridley’s 5219 from Kedah Peak possibly
belongs to this species. Its leaves, however, are thinner, and their
nerves more distinct.
3. Ponyosma Scortrecainu, King n. spec. A medium-sized tree
( fide Scortechini) ; young branches slender, with pale almost polished
bark, all parts except the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate, acute, much narrow-
ed to the base; the edges entire, slightly revolute when dry; both sur-
faces shining, glabrous, except sometimes a few hairs on the midrib
beneath ; main. nerves 10-12 pairs, spreading, interarching, faint on
both surfaces; length 4—6°5 in., breadth 1°5-2 in., petiole ‘35-6 in.
winged. facemes terminal, shorter than the leaves, sparsely puberulous.
Flowers °3 in. long, their pedicels about ‘05 in.; the bracteoles small,
lanceolate, hairy. Calyz-tube nearly glabrous; its lobes shallow, trian-
gular. Petals linear, subacute, pubescent outside, only slightly so
inside, about as long as the almost glabrous stamens. Fruit unknown,
P. integrifolia, Herb. Scortechini (not of Blume).
Perak ; Scortechini 1900.
Readily distinguished by its perfectly glabrous leaves and nearly glabrous
flowers.
4. POLYOSMA MUTABILIS, Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 261. A
tree 20-40 feet high; young branches lenticellate, deciduously rusty-
pubescent. Leaves narrowly elliptic, tapering gradually from about
the middle to each end, not caudate-acuminate, the edges quite entire ;
upper surface black when dry, glabrous, shining; the lower deep-
olivaceous, very sparsely pubescent, the midrib and nerves adpressed-
pubescent; main nerves 8-10 pairs, spreading, slightly prominent on the
lower and slightly depressed on the upper surface, length 3°5-6 in.,
breadth 1:25-1:75 in.; petiole *5-1‘1 in., slender. Racemes terminal,
much longer than the leaves, with short rather sparse pubescence.
Fliqwers ‘3 in. long, their pedicels about ‘05 in. long with 2 adpressed
bracteoles. Calyz-tube about as long as the pedicel, pubescent ; its lobes
short, triangular. Petals many times longer than the calyx, linear, sub-
obtuse, pubescent, slightly longer than the stamens. Fruit ovoid froma
302 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
broad truncate base, the apex pointed and crowned by the small per-
sistent calyx-teeth ; length 45 in.; breadth at the base "25 in.; puberu-
lous, black when ripe, the pedicel ‘25-3 in. long, pubescent. Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. l, 724; Suppl. 336.
Perak; King’s Collector 2596, 4344, 8332; Wray 925. JoHorE;
Lake and Kelsall 4057. Matacca; Goodenough 438.
This species is closely allied to P. integrifolia, Blame; but has flowers only *3 in.
long on pedicels only ‘05 in. long, while the flowers of P. integrifolia measure °45 in.
and its pedicels ‘Lin. The best distinction between the two species lies however
in the fruit which is in this truncate at the base and vertically ridged, while in P.
entegrifolia the fruit has a tapering base and is not ridged.
5. PoLtyosMA FRaGRANS, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar, 196. A shrub 5 or 6
fect high; young branches slender, deciduously pubescent. Leaves
elliptic, tapering much to each end, the apex abruptly acuminate; the
base cuneate, the edges entire ; the upper surface quite glabrous; the
lower sparsely adpressed-pubescent especially on the midrib and 7-10
pairs of subhorizontal faint main-nerves; length 2°5-3 in., breadth
1:1-1°35 in. ; petiole “4 in., slender, pubescent. Raceme terminal, erect,
rather longer than the leaves, tawny-pubescent. Flowers ‘35 in. long,
rather crowded, their pedicels under ‘1 in. long with 2 adpressed brac-
teoles. Calyx-tube short, sericeous; the mouth with 4 small triangular
teeth. Petals many times longer than the calyx, linear, acute, adpressed-
pubescent. Stamens shorter than the petals. Anthers linear, elongate ;
filaments broad, sparsely villous on the inner side. Fruit sub-globular,
apiculate, glabrous, ‘2 in. in diam. H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. II,
77; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, pt. I, 724; Suppl. I, 336; Clarke in Hook.
fil. Flor. Br. Ind. IJ, 408. Itea fragrans, Wall. in Roxb. Flor. Ind. I],
420; Wall. Cat. 8472, partly.
Perak ; Scortechint 520. Srncarpore; Wallich. Disrris. Sumatra.
6. PoLyoOsMA INTHGRIFOLIA, Blume Bijdr. 659, <A tree 20-40 feet
high; young branches lenticellate, deciduously rusty-pubescent, Leaves
oblanceolate, the apex shortly and abruptly caudate-acuminate, gradu-
ally narrowed from the middle or above it to the petiole, the edges
entire or remotely serrate, drying of a rather dark-brown colour; upper .
surface glabrous or with a few hairs on the midrib ; the lower paler, with
adpressed hairs on the midrib and sometimes also on the nerves ; main
nerves 8-12 pairs, spreading, interarching, slightly prominent on the
lower surface only ; length 3°5-8 in., breadth 1°35-3 in.; petiole *5-L
in., rather stout, pubescent. acemes terminal, often longer than the
leaves, subadpressed-sericeous. lowers “45 in. long, rather crowded ;
their pedicels ‘1 in. long, pubescent, with 2 linear-lanceolate bracts.
Calyx-tube about as long as the pedicel, pubescent; the mouth with 4
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 303
spreading triangular teeth. Petals linear, subacute, longer than the
stamens and much longer than the calyx, slightly pubescent ; anthers
elongate, filaments slightly pubescent. Fruit ovoid, tapering to each
end, the apex crowned by the persistent calyx-teeth and base of the
style, puberulous, black when dry, ‘4 in. long and ‘25 in. in diam, ; the
pedicel ‘15 in. long, puberulous. Benn. Pl. Jay. Rar. p. 196; DC.
Prodr. IV, 276; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 260; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. II, 77; Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 724; Suppl. I, 335. Clarke in
Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 409. Itea fragrans, Wall. Cat. 8472, partly.
Var. 1. typica; leaves entire. |
Matacca; Grifith 2510 (Kew Distrib.) ; Maingay 632. Perak ;
Wray 508; King’s Collector 3802. Penang; Cwriis 1081. ANDAMAN
Isnanps; King’s Collectors, Prain.
Var. 2. Wallichii, Clarke in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 409; leaves
remotely serrate. P. Wallichit, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 196; Wall Cat.
8471; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. II, 77; Kurz For. Flora Burma,
I, 444.
ANDAMAN Isnanps. Distris. Khasia Hills, Assam.
As I have noted under P. mutatilis, BI., the only tangible distinction between
that plant and this is that the former has fruit truncate at the base and with 4
bold vertical grooves, while this has smooth fruit. Many of the specimens above-
quoted as belonging to this are not in fruit, and I accept them as P. integrifolia in
deference to the authority of the Flora of British India.
7. PotyosMaA L&T#-virens, Griff. MSS. in Herb. Kew. A tree
20-50 feet high; young branches yellowish-tomentose. Leaves drying
of a yellowish-green, coriaceous, oblanceolate or narrowly-elliptic,
shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base ; the edges entire, slightly
revolute when dry ; upper surface glabrous, shining, the midrib minutely
tomentose, lower surface yellowish-tomentose ; main nerves 8 or 9 pairs,
spreading, interarching, prominent on the lower surface only; length
3:25-5°5 in., breadth *8-2°25 in., petiole ‘35-5 in. Raceme solitary,
terminal, tomentose, rather longer than the leaves. Flowers ‘3 in. long,
on pedicels ‘lin. long. Calyw-tube slightly longer than the three narrowly
oblong adpressed bracteoles, its mouth with 4 broad triangular obtuse
teeth, yellowish-tomentose. Petals much longer than the calyx and
slightly longer than the stamens, linear, tapering to the obtuse apex,
villous in front, tomentose behind. Filaments nearly as long as the
anthers, villous in front. Fruit ovoid or globular-ovoid, crowned by the
calyx-teeth, deciduously adpressed-sericeous and lepidote, *25 in. long,
the pedicel ‘1-2 in. P. mutabilis, Clarke in Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT,
469 (not of Blume).
Matacca; Griffith 2508, 2509; Maingay 633. Parak; King’s
Collector 8775. Penang; Curtis 377, 758.
304 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Griffith’s original specimens, to which he gave the MSS. name P. lzte-virens,
have smaller leaves and more ovoid fruit on shorter pedicels than any specimens
subsequently collected. But in other respects they agree with specimens more
recently collected in Perak and Penang.
8. PotyosmMa veLurina, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 261. A
small tree ; young branches stout, deciduously tomentose. Leaves coria-
ceous, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, sometimes slightly obovate, sub-acute
or obtuse, the base cuneate ; the edges entire, revolute when dry ; upper
surface at first with a few scattered adpressed hairs, glabrous when old
except the pubescent depressed midrib and main nerves; lower surface
covered with soft velvety yellowish tomentum; main nerves 9-12 ~
pairs, prominent on the lower surface only; length 4—7°5 in., breadth
1°75-8°25 in., petiole ‘6-1°5 in. Raceme terminal, about one and a half
times as long as the leaves, stout, densely yellowish-tomentose like the
calyx. Flowers ‘4 in. long, their pedicels rather over ‘1 in., with 3
narrow. unequal adpressed bracteoles. Calyx-tube tomentose; its teeth
triangular, acute. Petals narrowly linear, sub-acute, slightly longer
than the stamens, much longer than the calyx; the filaments slightly
villous in front, about equal to the anthers. Fruit ovoid, with a broad
sub-truncate base, and with an apiculus formed by the remains of the
base of the style, boldly 4-ridged, sparsely and deciduously strigose, *4
in. long and °3 in, in diam. at the base; the pedicel ‘2 in.; endocarp
woody, deeply 4-grooved,
Penane ; Curtis 1165; King’s Collector 1852. Perak; Scortechint
2111; King’s Collector 3685, 4362. Distris. Sumatra, Java.
I identify the Penang and Perak plants with Blume’s P. velutina by description
only ; for I have seen no authentic specimen of that species. The deep vertical
ridging of the endocarp is noted of no other described species except P. mutabilis,
Bl., and I think my identification is correct.
9. Poryosma Riptey1, King n. spec. A tree; young branches
densely and minutely tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly-elliptic,
caudate-acuminate, the edges entire and slightly revolute when dry, the
base cuneate; upper surface when young sparsely adpressed-pubescent,
when adult glabrous and shining; lower surface covered with dense
yellowish tomentum; main nerves 9-11 pairs, spreading, curving and
interarching, rather prominent on the lower surface, the intermediate
nerves almost-as prominent ; length 6-6:5 in., breadth 2-2'5 in. ; petiole
1-1°75 or even 2 in., tomentose. Raceme terminal, stout, shorter than
the leaves, densely covered with pale yellowish or whitish tomentum
like the calyx and petals. Flowers ‘4 in. long, their pedicels ‘1 in., with
3 equal lanceolate bracteoles on the same level. Calyx-twbe shorter
than the pedicel, wide; the teeth broad, shallow. Petals much longer
than the calyx, linear, blunt, villous in front. Stamens nearly as long
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of.the Malayan Peninsula. 305
as the petals; the filaments flat, villous in front, scarcely so long as the
anthers. Style subglabrous. Fruct unknown,
Sincapore; Ridley 3972.
A very distinct species in the neighbourhood of P. velutina, BI., but with
narrower leaves, much more tomentose flowers and inflorescence, and a wider calyx-
tube.
Notrt.—I here take the opportunity of describing a very distinct new species
from Sumatra.
PoLYOSMA LONGE-PEDICELLATA, King n. spec. A shrub or tree 15 feet high;
young branches coarsely adpressed-pubescent. Leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
abruptly and shortly acuminate; the edges slightly sinuate and very obscurely and
minutely toothed, slightly recurved when dry; the base cuneate; upper surface
glabrous, finely reticulate; the lower with short coarse adpressed hairs especially on
the midrib, finely reticulate; main nerves 14-16 pairs, almost horizontal, slightly
curved and interarching towards the edge of the bade, slightly prominent on
the lower surface only when dry, the intermediate nerves almost as distinct; the
reticulations minute, distingt on both surfaces; length 5°25-7 in., breadth» 2°2-3°25
in.; petiole “75-1°25 in., puberalous. Raceme solitary, terminal, rather longer than the
leaves, with pubescence like the young branches. Flowers ‘5 in. long, on slender
adpressed-pubescent pedicels ‘3—35 in. long, and bearing three adpressed bracteoles
towards their apices. Calyx-twbe ‘1 in. long, adpressed-pubescent, its teeth broadly
triangular. Petals ‘4 in. long, linear, obtuse, adpressed-pubescent outside. Fruit
ovoid, tapering to each end, crowned at the apex by the very short calyx-lobes and
by the sharp base of the style, minutely adpressed-puhescent, ‘5 in. long, and ‘3 in.
in diam. Frwit pedicels ‘5-*7 in. long, sometimes deflexed.
EASTERN SuMATRA; at elevations of 3200 and 3700 feet, Forbes 2087, 2250.
Orprr XLI. DROSHRACEA.
Herbs; catching insects by means of glandular viscid hairs, or by
_ means of petioled leaves with automatically closing lamine. Flowers
hermaphrodite, regular. Calyw 4-5- (varely 8-) partite ; or sepals free,
imbricate, persistent. Petals and stamens as many as the sepals, hypogy-
nous or nearly so. Ovary nearly free, globose or ovoid, 1—3-celled ;
styles 5-3, capitate, fimbriate or bifid; ovules numerous, on parietal
placentas equal in number to the styles. Capsule membranous, 0-3-
valved, many-seeded. Seeds with fleshy albumen; embryo cylindric or
minute. Distris. Species 110; spread over nearly all temperate and
tropical lands except the islands of the Pacific.
1. Drosera, Linn.
Perennial herbs, scapigerous or with a leafy stem, glandular-pilose.
Leaves radical or alternate, usually circinate in vernation ; stipules 0, or
scariose and adnate to the petiole. Calyx free from the ovary, 4-8-
partite, sepals persistent. Petals 4-8, hypogynous or scarcely peri-
gynous, white or rose-coloured, withering, peristent. Slamens as many
dit oe
306 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
as the petals, hypogynous or scarcely perigynous. Ovary l-celled with
2-5 styles; ovules parietal, numerous. Capsule loculicidally 2—5-valved.
Seeds numerous; in the Indian species obovoid-ellipsoid, with the testa
black, smooth, reticulate, not lax. Dustris. Species 100; scattered
throughout the world except Polynesia ; very numerous in Australia.
Leaves cauline, linear ... wae ws -L. D. andteay
Leaves all radical, spathulate- eeheate oy we 2, D. Burmanni.
1. Drosera inpica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 282. Stems suberect, from 1-6
in. high. Leaves cauline, alternate, linear, elongate, very glandular-
pubescent, hardly broader than the glabrous petiole ; the stipules much
shorter than the petioles. Racemes leaf-opposed; flower-pedicels °25
in. or more in length, glandular-hairy. Styles 3, bifid to near the base.
DC. Prodr. I, 319; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 818; Wall. Cat. 1244; Wight
Ill. t. 20; W. & A. Prodr. 34; Planch. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. III, Vol.
IX, 204; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. HI, p. 120; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
Soo. I, 82; Thwaites Enum. 21; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 12; Kurz
in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, Pt. II, 310 ; ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 424. D. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3752. D. serpens, Planch. |. c.
204. D.hexagyna, Blanco FI. Filip. 189; Rheede Hort. Mal. X, t. 20.
In swampy places in all the Provinces, except the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands. Distris. The southern part of British India, Ceylon,
Burma, the Malayan Archipelago, China, tropical Australia, Africa.
2. Drospra Burmanni, Vahl Symb. III, 50. Stem very short;
the leaves all radical, spathulate-cuneate, glandular-pubeseent; the
stipules nearly as long as the petioles. Scapes 1-3, two to eight inches
high, the raceme occupying the upper fourth only, glabrescent. Flower-
pedicels less than ‘25 in. long, glabrous. Styles 5, not bifid. Don Prodr.
212; DC. Prodr. I, 318; Roxb. Fl. Ind. [1, 118; Wall. Cat. 1242;
Wight. Ill. t. 20; Wight Ic. t. 944; W. & A. Prodr. 34;. Planch. in
Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III, Vol. IX, 190; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. II, p.
120; H. £. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, II, 82; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. II, 424; Thwaites Enum. 21; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 12; Kurz
in Journ, As. Soc. 1876, Pt. II, 310.
In swampy places in all the Provinces, except the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands. Distris. Plains of British India, Ceylon, the lower
Himalaya, Malayan Archipelago, China, Japan, Australia, West Africa.
Orper XLII HAMAMELIDEA,
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or palmately
lobed ; stipules 1-2, rarely wanting, deciduous or rarely persistent.
Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, collected into heads or spikes.
Calyx small or 0, adnate to the ovary. Petals O or 4-5, perigynous or
a
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 307
nearly epigynous. Stamens 4-0, perigynous, or rarely lypogynous ;
anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, separate
and ultimately divaricate, usually persistent ; ovules l-w, axile, pendu-
lous. Capsule woody, its segments often bifid; endocarp often horny
and separating from the exocarp. Seeds 1, or many and then usually
only the lowest in each cell perfect. Duisrris. Species 35; Hastern
Asia, the Himalaya, Khasia Hills, Malaya, China and Japan; also
in North America and in South Africa.
Ovules solitary in each cell :—
Stipules small and deciduous; heads ebracteate; stamens 5,
with short filaments, the connective produced into a horn;
flowers hermaphrodite ... eas pes «» 2. MAINGAYA,
Ovules 6 or more in each cell :—
Stipules large, coriaceous ; heads ebracteate ; stamens 10-14,
without appendages ; flowers polygamous see .. 2. BUCKLANDIA,
Stipules absent; heads with numerous coloured bracts;
stamens 7-10 without appendages ; flowers hermaphrodite... 3. RHopoLBIA,
1. Matneaya, Oliver.
A tree. Leaves alternate, undivided, petioled, persistent; stipules
small, deciduous. Heads peduncled, quasi-terminal, ebracteate, of about
15 flowers. Calyz-tube adherent to the ovary ; the limb closed, splitting
up on one side a little way from the base and then circumscissile
and deciduous. Petals 5, perigynous, linear, circinate in sstivation.
Stamens 5, perigynous, filaments very short, connective produced as a
horn. Staminodes about 10, horned. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled;
styles 2, distinct, short; ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous. Capsule woody,
ovoid; endocarp horny, separating from the exocarp. Seed narrowly
ellipsoid, and with pale thick iridescent testa.
MAINGAYA MaALAayANA, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXVIII, 517, t.
44. A tree 50 or 60 feet high; young branches rather slender, glab-
rous, pale-coloured when dry, lenticellate. Leaves membranous, oblong-
lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate ; the base broad, rounded or minutely
cordate, sometimes slightly peltate ; both surfaces glabrous, shining, the
lower of a bright brown tint when dry; main nerves 7-10 pairs, curving
upwards, slightly prominent on the lower surface only ; length 6°5-9 in.,
breadth 2-4°5 in., petiole ‘75-1 in., slender; stipules small, tomentose,
caducous. Capitules from *75-1 in. in diam., solitary, or two or three
from a short peduncle. Flowers ‘5 in. long, sessile; buds oblong or
obovoid-oblong. Calyx thin, puberulous, not opening but separating in
an irregular circumscissile manner. Petals linear, obtuse, glabrous, four
or five times as long as the calyx. Capsule woody, ovoid, tapering into
the thick pedicel, with truncate compressed apex, more than half enve-
308 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [No. 1,
loped by the calyx-tube, striate, minutely pubescent, ‘6 in. long, ‘4 in.
wide at the apex. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, tapering much to the apex ;
the testa thick, white, iridescent, with elongate reticulations. Clarke in
Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, IT, 428. |
Penane; Maingay 1513; Curtis 659. Perak; Scortechini 819;
King’s Collector 7330. |
2. Bockrianpia, Br.
A tall glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, acuminate, entire, Iong-
petioled ; stipules solitary or in pairs, large, oblong, coriaceous, decidu-
ous. Inflorescence of 2-5 peduncled heads, at first enclosed between a
pair of stipules; flowers adnate by their calyces, about 8 in a head,
polygamous. Calya-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb 5-lobed, Petals in
the ¢ flower linear-spathulate, fleshy, variable in number; in the @ ff.
rudimentary. Stamens 10-14 (in the 9 none); filaments long. Ovary
half-inferior, 2-celled; styles 2, separate, soon divaricate; ovules in
each cell 6 in two rows. Capsule nearly superior, woody, subglobose ;
endocarp horny, showing a tendency to separate from the exocarp.
Seeds in each cell 6, oblong, trigonous ; the upper wingless, solid, with-
out any embryo, the lower one in each cell winged and fertile.
BucKLANDIA POPULNEA, R. Brown in Wall. Cat. 7414. eaves
broadly ovate sub-reniform or sub-orbicular, the apex acuminate or
tricuspidate, the edges entire; the base broad and rounded, subcordate
or truncate, or narrowed and cuneate; both surfaces glabrous; the lower
sometimes pubescent on the nerves; main neryes 5-7, radiating palmately
from the base, the lower on each side slender, prominent on the lower
surface; length 2°5-6% in., breadth 1‘5-7 in.; petiole ‘8-3 in., usually
glabrous but sometimes pubescent; stipules oblong, sub-faleate, obtuse,
‘9-1:25 in. long, slightly pubescent at the base, breadth ‘25-45 in.
Griff. in Asiat. Res. XIX, 95, with two plates; Clarke in Hook, fil. Fl.
Br. Ind. JI, 429. B. populifolia, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. II, 86;
Kurz Forest Fl. Brit. Burma, I, 445. Lnquidambar tricuspis, Miq. FI.
Ind. Bat. I, Pt. I, 1097; and Suppl. 346, with a figure.
Perak; Scortechini; on Gunong Inas, elevat. 5000 feet, Wray
4151; on Ulu Batang Padang, about 3900 feet, Wray 1535. Distris. The
temperate Himalaya from Nepal to Bhotan, elevat. 5000-8000 ft. ;
Khasia Hills 4000-6000 feet ; Burma, Java, Sumatra.
None of the Perak specimens have flowers or frnit. Scortechini’s have leaves
in no way differing from those from the Himalaya and Khasia mountains, except
that the main nerves and petioles, even when old, are pubescent. Wray’s speci-
mens, on the other hand, have smaller ovate leaves, rarely tri-cuspidate and never
sub-rotund or reniform; their petioles are sometimes slightly hairy, but their main
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 309
nerves have tufts of hair only in their axils, In all the Perak specimens the stipules
are much narrower than in those from the Himalaya and Khasia mountains.
3. Ruopoie1a, Hook.
Glabrous woody shrubs, Leaves exstipulate, evergreen, alternate,
with long petioles, coriaceous, glaucous beneath. lowers in few-flower-
ed axillary pedunculate reflexed capitula surrounded by numerous
whorls of coloured bracts, increasing in size from without inwards.
Flowers unsymmetrical, hermaphrodite, adnate in the capitula by their
calyces. Calyx-tube adherent to the lower balf of the ovary; its limb
annular, truncate, glandular inside, Petals rosy, 2-4, very unequal,
unilateral, deficient in the central flowers, clawed, oblong-oblanceolate.
Stamens 7-10, inserted with the petals; the filaments thick, elongate ;
the anthers’ linear-oblong, basifixed, 2-celled, the connective not pro-
duced. Ovary half-inferior, ovoid, the apex bifid, 2-celled, or 1-celled
by abortion of the septum. Style subulate, elongate, deciduous, stigma
‘ simple. Ovwles numerous in each cell, inserted on two biseriate axile
placentas. Capsule sub-ligneous, bicuspidate, 2-celled, 2-valved; the
valves bifid, many-seeded. Seeds imbricate, not winged, angular, com-
pressed, testa crustaceous. Dustris. Two species; Hongkong and Su-
matra.
Raoponrera TrysManni, Mig. in Versl. en Meded. K. Akad. v.
Wetensch. VI, 124. Leaves oblong to elliptic, the apex obtuse, slightly
narrowed at the base to the long petiole, both surfaces rugulose when
dry; main nerves 7-9 pairs, spreading. faint; the midrib prominent
beneath; length 2°5-5 in,, breadth 1:5-2 in., petiole °75-1:75 in.
Capitula solitary, about °75 in. long, ovoid, on decurved peduncles about
-25 in. long; the bracts broad, blunt, the outer short and glabrous,
the inner longer and covered with reddish hair. Stamens and petals
subequal, about ‘5 in. long. Rzpe capsules glabrous, about ‘4 in. long,
dehiscing widely for about half their length. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I,
pt. 2, p. 669; Suppl. 532. 7
Matacca; Hervey; Ridley 3289. Perak; elev. 3900 feet in Batang
Padang Valley, Wray 1481. Distrip. Sumatra.
Orpver XLIII. HALORAGEA.
Herbs, often aquatic. Leaves opposite or whorled, or partly alter-
nate, when submerged often pinnatisect, always exstipulate. Flowers
small, axillary, solitary or fascicled, sessile or pedicelled, hermaphrodite
or unisexual, the nodes between the floral whorls sometimes developed.
Calyx-lobes 4 or 0. Petats 4 and epigynous, or absent. Stamens 8, 4 or
1, epigynous in the bisexual flowers. Ovary inferior, 4- 2-or 1-celled ;
810 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [N it Lis
the styles equal in number to the cells, simple or finely lobed; ovules
4, (1 in Hippurus) pendulous. Fruit small, dry or drupaceous, with
cells as in the ovary, indehiscent, or separating into its component
carpels. Seeds 4or1. Distris.; about 80 species, cosmopolitan.
Terrestrial; fruit 1-celled, l-seeded... es . 1. Hatoracis.
Aquatic (floating); fruit separating into its component
carpels .., MH een coe .. 2. MYRIOPHYLLUM.
1, Hatoraais, Forst.
Branching herbs. Leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate,
toothed, rigid, Flowers minute, nearly sessile in the axils of bracts,
spicate or racemose, partially unisexual or hermaphrodite. Calyza-tube
4-8-ribbed; lobes 4, erect, persistent, acute, valvate. Petals 4, coria-
ceous, often wanting in the @. Stamens 8, epigynous. Ovary 2- or
4.-celled, with 4 pendulous ovules; stigmas 4 (in the females at least),
sessile, feathery. Fruit a dry, 2-4-celled, 2-4.seeded nut; buat in the —
following species by abortion 1-celled, 1-seeded. Dustris. Species 40;
N. Asia, Australia. :
HAoraGis MicRANTHA, R. Brown in Flinders Voy. II, 550. A
branching glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, denticulate ;
the petioles very short, diminishing in size towards the inflorescence.
Flowers about ‘05 in., on pedicels shorter than themselves, in terminal
panicle-like racemes. Sepals triangular, much smaller than the petals.
Fruit shining, 8-ribbed, about *05 in. long, l-celled, l-seeded. Clarke
in Hook. Flor. Br. Ind. II, 430; Benth. Fl. Austral. II, 482. 4H. tenella,
Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 68. Gonocarpus micranthus, Thunb. Fl. Jap.
t. 15; DC. Prodr. III, 66. Goniocarpus micranthus, Koen. & Sims Ann.
Bot. I, 546, t. 12.
At elevations of about 5000 feet on the Perak Central Range ?
Distrin. Malaya, China, Australia and New Zealand. Khasia moun-
tains ; at elevations of from 5000-7000 feet.
I include this as a Perak plant with some hesitation. Scortechini’s specimens
are not now in the Calcutta Herbarium, although his field note is.
2. MyriopHyitium, Linn.
Glabrous, aquatic herbs. Leaves dentate-serrate or pectinate-
pinnatifid, or entire, often whorled. lowers small, sessile or nearly so,
in the axils of floral leaves or in nearly naked spikes; monoecious or
hermaphrodite. Mater; calyx-tube short, limb 2-4-fid or 0; petals 2-4;
stamens 2-8. Femate; calyx-tube deeply 4-furrowed, limb O or of 4
minute lobes; petals minute or 0; ovary inferior, 4- or 2-celled ; styles
2 or 4, short, nsually recurved, the stigmas plumose; ovules solitary
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsulu. 311
in each cell, pendulous. Fruit 4-furrowed, or separating into 4 or 2
carpels. Duisrris. Species 15 ; cosmopolitan.
Myriopaytyum intermMEDI0oM, DC. Prodr. IIT, 69. Leaves alternate,
solitary or in fascicles of two or three, sometimes in whorls, linear,
entire or serrate, ‘5--l in. long. Fruit axillary, oblong, only about ‘05
in. long, with rounded and minutely scabrous ridges and shallow
furrows between, ultimately separating into its component carpels.
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, pt. 1, 634; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
II, 483. WM. indicum, Wight Ill. t. 102, (exclude the fruit). M. varize-
folium, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 289. M. lineare, Heyne MSS. Haloragis oligan-
tha, W. & A, Prodr. 338; Wight Ic. t. 1061 (not of Arn.)
Matacca; Griffith (probably on Mount Ophir). Drsrris. Moun-
tains of the Malayan Archipelago and of the South of British India;
Australia, New Zealand, South America.
Orpen XLIV. RHIZOPHOREA.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite and stipulate (alternate and
exstipulate in Anisophyllea), usually coriaceous, glabrous; stipules
interpetiolar, very caducous. Flowers axillary, usually bisexual (uni-
sexual in Anisophyllea), surrounded at the base by connate or cupuli-
form bracts, or ebracteate. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary ;
limb produced beyond the ovary, 4-14-lobed ; lobes valvate, persistent.
Petals equal in number to but usually smaller than the sepals, entire,
emargiuate, 2-fid or lacerate. Stamens usually twice the number of the
petals, in pairs, opposite to and partly embraced by them; rarely inde-
finite (Kandelia) ; anthers 2-celled, rarely multi-loculate (Rhizophora).
Ovary more or less adnate to the calyx, from 5-1-celled by solution of
the septa; styles connate (distinct in Anisophyllea) ; stigma often lobed ;
ovules usually 2 in each cell, pendulous. wit coriaceous or wocdy,
crowned or surrounded by the calyx-limb, mostly indehiscent, 1-celled,
l-seeded. Seed pendulous, arillate or not ; albumen fleshy or 0; embryo
inverted, small if surrounded by albumen, elongated if exalbuminous ;
radicle macropodous in the tribe Rhizophorex, perforating the apex of
the pericarp and germinating while the fruit still adheres to the tree.—
Distris. Tropical plants ; many sharing with an arboreal vegetation the
muddy shores of the estuaries of rivers, Genera 17, species about 70.
Leaves opposite, stipnlate; style connate :—
Tribe I. RuizopHorem. Embryo exalbuminous, with a large
radicle germinating while the fruit is still on the tree :—
Calyx 4-lobed; petals 4, entire; stamens 8; ovary 2-
celled a sae ees ed flit
Calyx 8-14-lobed; petals 8-14, 2-lobed or deeply emar-
ginate ; ovary 2-4-celled; stamens 16-28 ..,,
RHIZOPHORA.
2. BRUGUIERA.
812 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Calyx 5- or 6-lobed; petals 5 or 6, their apices ciliate or
with clavate or capitate bristles; stamens 10-12 ... 8. CERIOPS.
Calyx 5-or 6-lobed; petals 5 or 6, multifid ; stamens
indefinite ; stigma 3-lobed ane 4, KANDELIA,
TRIBE II. LeGnotipEx. Embryo insted: in 7 ifoehe -
bumen, radicle not unusually large and not germinating
in the fruit :—
Flowers 5-8-merous in trichotomous cymes; calyx-
tube minutely bracteolate, half-superior, the aspen
erect ; stigma small, not lobed . ole wie 1S, - CARA Etaae
Flowers 5-merous, axillary, alice or in pairs; calyx
ebracteolate, half-superior, its lobes reflexed; stigma
discoid, 5-10-lobed_ .. a, te 6. PELLACALYX.
Flowers 4-5-merous, in axillary fidoitlis) calyx- ibis
ebracteolate, adnate to the base of the ovary, its lobes
reflexed; stigma discoid, 5-lobed nF .. 4%. GYNOTROCHES.
Leaves alternate, exstipulate; style distinct :—
Tribe III. ANISOPHYLLE®. Leaves alternate and exsati-
pulate; flowers unisexual; styles distinct .,. .. 8. ANISOPHYLLEA.
1. RaurzopHora, Linn.
Trees. Branches marked by leaf-scars. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous,
opposite, mucronate. Stipules large, in pairs, interpetiolar, caducous.
Flowers rather large, on axillary 2-3-chotomously-divided and few-
flowered cymes. Calyx 4-lobed, surrounded at the base by connate
bracteoles. Petals 4, entire, inserted on a fleshy disc. Anthers 8, sub-
sessile, multi-loculate. Ovary 2-celled, half-inferior, projecting beyond
the calyx as a fleshy cone; cells 2-ovuled; stigma bifid. Fruit coria-
ceous, ovoid or obconic, with the reflexed persistent calyx-teeth at its
base. Radicle elongated, perforating the apex of the fruit and des-
cending from the tree into the mud.— Distris. About 5 species; fre-
quent on muddy tropical shores.
Leaves elliptic; cymes longer than the petioles, usually 3-
flowered; petals fleshy, lanate in front nmi .. 1. BR. mucronata,
Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate ; cymes shorter than the
petioles, 2-flowered ; petals thin, glabrous F .. 2. RB. conjugata,
1. RuizopHora MucRONATA, Lamk. Dict. VI, 160, t,. 396, 4.52
large evergreen glabrous shrub or tree; young branches thick, with
bold cicatrices, rather pale. Leaves elliptic, tapering to each end, the
apex mucronate; upper surface reticulate when dry, the main nerves
faint and depressed; the lower surface minutely rugulose and with
black dots, even when dry the nerves invisible; length 5-7 in., breadth
2:54:25 in., petiole 1-2-1'75 in. Cymes axillary, slightly longer than
the vetiem usually 3- rarely 2-flowered. Flowers ‘5—'6 in. long, their
pedicels shorter. Calyx-lobes coriaceous, triangular, subacute, glabrous.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 313
Petals shorter than the sepals, linear-lanceolate, thick, lanate on the
margins and inner face. Stumens 8, filaments short, anthers linear.
Fruit inversely obovoid with the reflexed persistent calyx-teeth at its
base, 1'5 in. long; the extruded radicle 1-2 feet long, cylindric, °6 in. in
_diam. when dry. DC. Prodr. III, 32; Bedd. Fl. Sylv., Anal. Gen, t.
XIII, fig. 4; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 95; Wight Ill. I, 209; Ic. t. 238;
Korz For. Flor. Burm. I, 447; -Hook. fil. Fl, Br. Ind. II, 435;
Trimen Flora Ceylon, I, 151. R. macrorrhiza, Griff. in Trans. Med.
Phys. Sec. Cale. VIII, 2. 2B. candelaria, W. & A. Prodr. I, 810; Wall.
Cat. 4878. BR. Mangle, Roxb. (not of Linn.) FI. Ind. II, 456. BR. latifolia,
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 324.—Rheede Hort. Mal. VI, t. 34.
In all provinces, at the mouths of rivers; very common. Dris-
TRIB. The Tropics of the Old World and of Australia.
The original specimens in the Calcutta Herbarium of R. latifolia, Miq. are
only large-leaved specimens of this.
2. RarzopHora consucata, Linn. Sp. Pl. 634. A small glabrous
tree ; young branches clavate, smooth, pale, the upper part wifh bold
cicatrices. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, the
apex mucronate ; when dry the upper surface faintly reticulate, the main
nerves visible; the lower surface not showing the main-nerves but the
midrib there prominent, remotely pustulate and minutely dotted ; length
5-6 in., breadth 1°65-2°5 in., petiole *8-1'25 in. Cymes axillary, shorter
than the petioles, 2-flowered. Calyz-lobes oblong, concave, acute. Petals
slightly shorter than the calyx, thin, glabrous. Stamens 6-8; filaments
short, anthers linear. Fruit inversely clavate, 1 in. long, the protrud-
ing radicle from a few inches to a foot long, cylindric; ‘25-3 in. in
diam., when dry. DC. Prodr. lil, 33; Blume-Mus. Bot. I, 184; Wight
Ill. I, 309; Kurz. For. Flora Burma, I, 447; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,
436. It. apiculata, Blume Flor. Jav. I, 91. W. candelaria, DC. Prodr.
III, 32; Trimen Flora Ceylon, I, 151.
In all the Provinces, at the mouths of rivers and in tidal marshes.
Distris. The Tropics of the Old World.
2. Brucuinra, Lamk.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually coriaceous, oblong, quite entire.
Pedunceles axillary, cymose, or solitary. Flowers rather large, coriaceous.
Calyx 8-14-mervus, obconical or campanulate, ebracteate, adnate to the
base of the ovary; lobes subulate-lanceolate, valvate. Petals oblong,
equal in number to the calyx-lobes, 2-lobed or emarginate, appendicu-
late, embracing the stamens by pairs. Stamens 16-28; filaments fili-
form ; anthers linear, mucronate, about as long as the filaments. Ovary
2-4-celled, included in the calyx-tube; cells 2-ovuled; style filiform ;
J. u. 40
314. G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
stigma 2—4-lobed, minute. rwit coriaceous, included in or adnate to
the calyx-tube, 1l-celled, l-seeded. Germination as in Rhizophora.
Disrris. Species about 7, in the tropics of the Old World.
Flowers I in. long or upwards, solitary :—
Petals 2-lobed, each lobe with 2-4 apical bristles, other-
wise glabrous = ie base
Petals 2-lobed, the sinus between the lobes with one
bristle ; the edges densely clothed with short white hairs 2. B. eriopetala.
Flowers not more than ‘5 in. long, in axillary cymes :—
Lobes of the calyx as long as the tube, spreading or
reflexed ; petals bifid, each lobe crowned by 3-5 pale
hairs, their edges with scanty white hairs outside .. 38 B. caryophylloides.
Lobes of calyx only one-fourth the length of the tube,
erect; petals with broad emarginate apex, bearing
5 white flexuose hairs, the edges glabrous .. 4 Bz. parviflora.
1. Bruaurera GymnoruizA, Lamk, Encycl. IV, 696; Ill. t. 397. A
large glabrous evergreen tree: young branches stout, marked with
cicatrices towards the apex. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute,
the base cuneate; upper surface shining when dry, the nerves faint;
the lower dull, the veins invisible but the midrib very prominent; length
35-6 in., breadth 1:75-2°5 in., petiole 13-1°6 in. Flowers solitary,
axillary, 1:25-1'5 in, long; the peduncles about ‘35 in., deflexed. Calyx
coriaceous, campanulate, ribbed, cut for half its length into 12 narrow
acute suberect teeth. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes and equal to
them in number, sub-convolute, two-lobed at the apex and with 2-4
bristles at the point of each lobe, pubescent at the base, otherwise glab-
rous. Stamens two opposite each petal and shorter than it, each alter-
nate filament short; anthers linear. Fruit small, in the fundus of the
calyx-tube, containing a single seed germinating in sitw and forming a
cylindric radicle 1-2 feet long prior to its fall. W.& A. Prodr. 311;
Brand. For. Fl. 219; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 1, 586; Blume Mus. Bot.
136; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. J, 450; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487;
Dalz. & Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 95; Trime Flora Ceylon, I, 153. B. Rheediz,
Migq. 1. c. 587; Blume, |. c. 136; Wight Ic. t. 239; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 95; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 397. Rhizophora gymnorrhiza, Linn. Sp. 634;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 460; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat, t. 645; Wall. Cat. 4874;
Thwaites En. Pl. Ceyl, 120.
Tidal Forests in all the provinces. Diustris. Malaya, Australia,
Africa.
2. Broucuiera eriopeTaLa, W. & A. in Wight Ill. I, p. 210; Wight
Icon. 239 B. A tree; young branches slender, with cicatrices towards
the apex. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval-oblong, sometimes rather
oblanceolate, acute, the base very cuneate; upper surface shining, the
lL. B. gymnérhiza.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 315
nerves faint; the lower reddish-brown when dry, the nerves very faint
or cbsolete but the midrib prominent; length 3°25-4 in., breadth
1:25-1'65 in., petiole *6—75 in. Flowers 1-1:25 in. long, solitary, axil-
lary ; the peduncle short, decurved. Calyx as in B. gymnorhiza, but the
lobes only 10. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, deeply bifid,
with a stout seta in the sinus between the two narrow lobes, the edges
densely clothed. with stout white hair, the apices of the lobes bearing
one short bristle each. Fruit as in B. gymnorhiza, but the germinating
radicle shorter. Wall. Cat. 2451; Brandis For. Flora, 219; Hook. fil.
Fl). Br. Ind. II, 438. B. Rumphit, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. IJ,
138. B. parietosa, Griff. Notul. IV, 670; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 641.
In similar situations to the last, but notsocommon. Maracca;
Grifith 2206; Maingay 642. Prnane; Curtis 514. Panana; Ridley
1045 C. Perak; Scortechini; Wray 2711. Distris. Malayan Archi-
pelago, Australasia.
3. BRUGUIERA CARYOPHYLLOIDES, Blume Enum. Pl. Javae I. 93.
A tree; young branches slender, with cicatries towards the apex.
Leaves oblanceolate or ovate-oblanceolate, slightly oblique, acute, the
base cuneate; upper surface shining when dry, the lower dull, both
pale in colour and the nerves faint in both ; length 2°5 to 4 in., breadth
1-1°65 in., petiole *75-1 in. Cymes axillary, rather longer than the
peduncles, erect, laxly 2- or 3-flowered, (rarely only l-flowered). Flowers
about ‘4 in. long, on short pedicels. Calyx-tube clavate, not grooved
when fresh, surmounted by about 8 linear obtuse fleshy lobes as long as
itself, at first spreading, but finally reflexed. Petals as many as but
shorter than the calyx-lobes, apex bifid, the margins with scanty white
hairs outside ; the apical lobes obtuse, each crowned by 3-5 flexuose pale
hairs, the sinus with a single bristle. Stamens 16, unequal. Fructing-calyx
about ‘5 in. long, the fruit in its fundus with the growing radicle pro-
truding and growing to 6-8 in, in length. Arn. in Ann, Nat. Hist., I,
368; Wight Ill. 210; Miq, Fl. Ind. Bat., Vol. J, Pt. I, 589; Kurz For.
Flora BurmalI, 450; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 438. Trimen Flora Ceylon,
I, 153. Rhizophora caryophylloides, Jack Mal. Mise. I. 34; Hook. Bot.
Mise. II, 80; Wall. Cat. 4879; DC. Prod. III, 32. Kanilia caryophylloides,
Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I, 141; Thwaites En. Pl. Ceyl. 120.
B. parviflora, Wall. (not of Blume) Cat. 4877 C and D.
In tidal Forests like the other species of the genus; in all the
provinces. Distris. Malay Archipelago.
4. Bruaourpra parvirtora, W. & A, Prodr. 311; Arn. in Ann. Nat.
Hist. I, 369. A shrub or small tree; young branches slender, the
cicatrices distant. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute,
much attenuate at the base; upper surface shining and showing the
316 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1
nerves faintly when dry; the lower dull and evenious ; length 3-3°5 in.,
breadth °8 —1:25 in., petiole ‘75-1 in, Cymes axillary, longer than the
petioles, laxly 2-5-flowered, erect. Flowers erect, *4—'5 in. long, their
peduncles slightly shorter. Calyx-tube cylindric, crowned by 8 lanceo-
late erect lobes about a fourth of its own length. Petals as many as
the calyx-lobes but shorter, oblong; the apex broad, emargifiate and
bearing five white short hairs, otherwise glabrous. . Stamens 16, un-
equal, two embraced by each petal. Ovary 3-celled, fruiting-calyx
cylindric, ribbed, 1 in. long, the fruit concealed init; radicle growing to
4—5 in. before falling. Wight Ill. 210; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Vol. I., Pt.
1, 588; Kurz For. Flora Burma, II, 449. B. cylindrica, W. & A. Prod.
311. Rhizophora cylindrica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36. R. parviflora, Roxb.
Fl. Ind. II, 461; Wall. Cat. 4877. Kanilia parviflora, Blume Mus.
Bot. Lugd:-Bat. I, 140 t..80; Dalz. & Gibs. Flora Bombay 90.
Tidal Forests in all the provinces. Distrip. Malaya.
3. Ceriops, Arn.
Shrubs. Leaves opposite, ovate or obovate. Stipules caducous,
axillary. Oymes condensed. Calyx 5-6-merous, surrounded at the base
by connate bracts. Petals 5-6, inserted at the base of a 10-12-lobed
fleshy disc, emarginate or truncate; their apices ciliate or with clavate
or capitate bristles. Stamens 10-12, filaments inserted between the lobes
of the disc; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 3-celled: (at least above), cells 2-
ovuled; style short, stigma simple. Fruit obovoid, the reflexed limb
of the calyx persistent at its base, l-celled, l-seeded. Germination as
in Ithizophora. Distris. Species 7; river-mouths, tropics of Old World.
Fiowers sessile; petals setose-ciliate at the apex; anthers
linear, longer than the filaments ... .. Ll. C. Roxburghiana.
Flowers pedicelled ; petals with 3 short saves processes
at apex; anthers ovate, acute, much shorter than filaments 2. OC. Candolleana.
1. Crrtops Roxspureuiana, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1,364. A
glabrous dwarf tree or shrub 2-4 feet high. Leaves elliptic, slightly
obovate, or orbicular-elliptic, the apex rounded, the edges slightly re-
curved, rather narrowed at the base, (often somewhat abruptly) ; main
nerves faint on both surfaces ; the upper surface shining, the lower dull ;
length 2°25-3°75 in., breadth 1°5-2°25 in., petiole °75-1:15 in. Cymes
axillary, shortly pedunculate, not branched ; flowers ‘2 in. long, sessile,
densely crowded. Calyx with 5 or 6 ovate-lanceolate sub-acute lobes.
Petuls oblong-obovate, the apex emarginate or sub-truncate, setose-
ciliate. Anthers linear, much longer than the short filaments. Frutt
clavate, *5 or ‘6 in. long, the protruded radicle a few inches long, clavate,
oe
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 317
deeply ridged and furrowed. Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 1, 591;
Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 448 ; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 486; Trimen
Flora Ceylon I, 153. Rhizophora decandra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36;
Wall. Cat. 4875.
At the mouths of rivers, probably in all the provinces. Dusrris,
Tropical-tidal forests of the old World.
2, Ceriops Canponieana, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. I, 364. <A glab-
rous shrub or dwarf tree 3-6 feet high. Leuves obovate-oblong, obtuse,
sometimes emarginate, much and gradually attenuate to the base, the
edges slightly reflexed, main nerves slightly visible on both surfaces
when dry, length 1:75-2 in.; breadth 1-1°6 in., petiole ‘6-1 in. Cymes
axillary, peduncled, branched ; flowers ‘25 in. long, on short pedicels.
Calyzx-lobes 5, oblong, sub-obtuse. Petals oblong-obovate, the apex
truncate or emarginate and with 3 short clavate appendages. . Stamens
10, nearly as long as the petals; the anthers ovate, acute, only about a
fourth of the length of the filaments. Fruit clavate, *5 in. long, the
protruded radicle a few inches-to a foot long, (rarely longer,) gradually
thickening to near the apex and then becoming acute, deeply grooved
and ridged. Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I, 142; Wight Ill. 209;
Icones t. 240; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I, Pt. 1,590; Brandis For. Flora
218; Kurz For. Flora Burm. I, 448; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 436;
Trimen Flora Ceylon I, 152. Rhizophora timorensis, DO, Prod. III, 32.
At the mouths of rivers and in tidal swamps in all the provinces.
Disrris. Tropics of old World.
4. Kanprtia, Wight & Arn,
A small tree. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse; stipules
eaducous. Peduncles axillary, dichotomously branched, few-flowered.
_ Flowers rather large, white. Calyx 5-6-merous, surrounded at the base
by connate bracteoles, adnate to the base of the ovary; lobes linear—
lanceolate, valvate. Petals 5 or 6, bifid; the lobes multifid, segments ca-
pillary. Stamens indefinite, anthers small; filaments ‘slender, exserted.
Ovary 1-celled, half-inferior, prolonged above the calyx into a fleshy
cone; style slender, stigma 3-lobed; ovules 6, fixed in pairs to a central
column. Frwit ovoid, girt at the base by the reflexed limb of the calyx,
l-celled, l-seeded. Radicle fusiform, very acuminate. Germination as
in Rhizophora, Distris. A single species; British India, Malaya.
1, Kawoetia Rueepu, W. & A. Prodr. I, 310. Leaves narrowly
elliptic-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, glabrous, 2-4 in, long, the
petiole “4-6 in. Peduncles longer than the petiole, 2-3-chotomous, 4—9-
flowered, Flowers ‘6-8 in. long, white. Fruit 1 in. long, obovoid ; the
protruded radicle 6-10 in. long, cylindric, not ridged, Arn. in Ann. Nat.
318 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Hist. I, 365; Blume Mus. Bot..185.; Wight Ill. I, t. 89; Hook. Ic. Pl.
t. 362; Wall. Cat. 4876; Kurz For. Flor. Brit. Burm. J, 449. Kurz
For. Flora Burma, I, 449; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 437. Rhizophora
Candel, Linn. Sp. Pl. 443; DC. Prodr. ITI, 32; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36;
Wall. Cat. 4876.
AnpaMaN IsLANDS, and ete also in the other provinces.
5. Carayta, Roxb.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, petiolate, ovate or
elliptic; stipules caducous. Peduncles short, rather thick. Flowers
smali, in short 3-chotomous axillary branching cymes, sessile and often
crowded. Oalyz-tube cylindric or campanulate, minutely bracteate at
the base; limb 5-8-lobed, the lobes erect, short, valvate. Petals 5-8,
inserted on the margin of a crenulated disk lining the calyx-tube,
clawed, orbicular, 2-fid or entire, subserrate or lacerate at the apex.
Disc epigynous, 10-16-lobed. Stamens inserted with the petals, fila-
ments filiform; anthers small, oblong. Style subulate or filiform.
Fruit small, globose, coriaceous, l-celled, 1-seeded (unknown in two
species). Seed globose-reniform, testa fibrous, embryo curved.— Dis-
grip. Species about 12, natives of the Indian Ocean.
Cymes on peduncles as long as the petioles, bearing numer-
ous crowded sessile flowers ‘1d in. long ivan Gomes
Cymes on peduncles slightly longer than the isting: bear-
ing from 3-5 shortly pedicelled flowers ‘1 in. long . 2. QC. Scortechinize
Cymes on peduncles much longer than the petioles, bearing
3 flowers ‘25 in. long on pedicels as long as themselves «. & OC, eugenoidea,
1. Caratita Luctpa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92; Corom. Plants III, t.
211. A small glabrous tree; young branches thin, dark-coloured when
dry. Leaves coriaceous, varying from obovate to elliptic-oblong, oval
or oblong-lanceolate ; the edges recurved, entire or serrulate in the
upper half or three-fourths, the apex usually shortly cuspidate, the base
more or less cuneate; both surfaces shining and reticulate; the main
nerves numerous, spreading and interarching freely; length 2°5-3 in,
breadth 1-1°75 in., petiole ‘25-35 in. Cymes axillary and from the
axils cf fallen leaves, on stout peduncles about as long as the petioles,
densely umbellate, usually trichotomous. J’lowers ‘15 in. long, sessile.
Calyx-tube cylindric, its mouth with 6 or 7 short triangular incurved
teeth. Petals equal in number to the calyx-teeth, orbicular, crenate,
clawed, not embracing the stamens. Stamens twice as many as and
longer than the petals, the filaments much longer than the ovate anthers,
Fruit pisiform, glabrous, pulpy, 1-celled and usually only 1-seeded.
Roxb. FI. Ind, IJ, 481; Wall.-Cat. 4880 ; Wight Ic. 605; Kurz For. Flora
Burma, IJ, 451. ©. integerrima, DC. Prodr. III, 33; Wight Il. t, 90;
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 319
Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. III, 74; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. =. CXCTIL; Dalz.
and Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 96; Brandis For. Flora 219; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind.
If, 439. Trimen Flora Ceylon I, 155. C. ceylanica, C. corymbosa, and
O. sinensis, Arn.in Ann. Nat. Hist. I, 371. C. ceylanica, Arn. Wight
Ill. 211 t. 90. OC. timorensis, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 128? C,
octopetala, Muell. Fl. Aust. Trop. Occ. ex Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ITT,
74. C. symmetria, Blume Mus. 1. ¢. 180.
PmRAK ; very common. SINGAPORE, and probably also in several of
the other provinces. Dustris. Malayan Archipelago, China, Australia,
British India.
DeCandolle’s C. integerrima, published in 1828, is in my opinion merely the en-
tire-leaved form of this very common Indian tree, the leaves of which are sometimes
serrulate and sometimes entire. It is a tree which Roxburgh could not possibly have
overlooked. He published and figared the serrulate-leaved form of it as C. lucida
in his Coromandel Plants (1819), having previously given the name in his Hortus
Bengalensis, p. 92. In the belief that C. lucida is the oldest name for this plant,
I have followed Kurz in restoring it. DeCandolle’s name C. integerrima is however
adopted by Mr. Bentham, and also by Mr. Henslow who described the Rhizophorex
in Hooker’s Flora of British India.
2. Caranuia Scorrecuinit, King n. spec. A shrub or small tree;
young branches slender, opposite, smooth, dark-coloured when dry.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the
base slightly cuneate; the edges entire, slightly revolute when dry ;
both surfaces shining, the lower with sparse black dots and. with
the numerous spreading main nerves slightly prominent; length 2-2°75
in., breadth 1-1-25 in., petiole ‘2-25 in. Stipules lanceolate, 25 in. long,
caducous. Cymes axillary, on pedicels slightly longer than the petioles,
trichotomons, spreading, not crowded. Flowers 3-5, rather more than
‘1 in. long and about the same in width at the mouth, on pedicels nearly
‘1 in. long and bracteolate at the base. Calya-tube campanulate, with 5
triangular lobes half as long as itself, their apices slightly inflexed.
Petals 5, thin, reniform, erose-crenate, clawed, each embracing a stamen.
Stamens 10, inserted on the 10-toothed epigynous disc, unequal. Ovary
adnate to the calyx-tube, 5-celled, with 2 axile ovules in each cell.
Style stout, as long as the calyx-lobes, stigma 5-lobed, Fruit unknown.
Perak; Scortechini 2023; King’s Collector 1013. Sincapore; Ridley
5593.
The specimens collected by Scortechini are described by him as taken from @
shrub 5 or 6 feet high, while those collected by Mr. Kunstler are noted as from a
tree 30-40 feet in height. They resemble each other exactly both in flowers and
leaves, and I have no doubt whatever that the two belong to the same species. I
give this species a name with considerable hesitation ; for it does not differ much
from Roxburgh’s description of C. lancefolia. It also closely resembles C, euspidata,
Blume, in leaves, but has larger flowers.
320 G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peainsula. [No. 1,
38. CaRALLIA eUGeNoIDEA, King n. spec. A tall tree; young
branches slender, glabrous, reddish when fresh, black when dry. Leaves
oblanceolate, the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate, the edges thickened |
and with black glandular dots, entire ; upper surface shining when dry ;
the lower dull, the 6-8 pairs of spreading main-nerves slightly pro-
minent; length 1°75-2:25 in., breadth *8-l'l in., petiole ‘2-25 in.
Stipules in pairs, lanceolate, ‘25 in. long, caducous, Cymes axillary,
their peduncles an inch or more in length, bearing at the apex, on pedicels
as long as themselves, 3 flowers °25 in. in length. Calywx-tube narrowly
campanulate, with 5 triangular lobes as long as itself. Petuls apparent-
ly none. Stamens twice as many as the calyx-lobes; the filaments
alternately shorter, inserted on the 10-lobed disc. Ovary occupying the
tube of the calyx, 5-celled, with 2 nearly pendulous ovules in each cell ;
stigma 5-lobed. Fruit unknown.
Perak ; Scortechini, 326.
Tn the externals of the flowers and also in its leaves this has a superficial
resemblance to a Hugenia; but the presence of stipules and the structure of the
flower show it to be a true Cuarallia.
6. Pe.Liacatyx, Korth. —
Trees with bifarious opposite petiolate entire or obscurely serrulate
leaves and interpetiolar elongate caducous stipules. Flowers axillary,
solitary or in pairs, minutely bracteolate. Calyx ebracteolate, its tube
tubular-campanulate, adherent to the ovary at its base; the mouth
expanded and with 4-6 short recurved valvate teeth. Petals 4-6,
lacerate at the apex, inserted on the margin of the tube of the calyx.
Stamens 8-12, incurved, inserted on the margin of the thin crenulated
disc lining the calyx-tube. Ovary half-inferior, 5-10-celled. Style
subulate; stigma discoid, 5-10-lobed; ovules many in each cell, fasci-
cled, attached to the axis. Frwit fleshy, sub-globose, 5-10-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds ovoid, with striate testa; albumen copious with the
embryo in its axis; cotyledons flat, narrow; the radicle terete and
elongate. Distris. Two species, both Malayan.
Calyx-tube with 5 or 6 teeth; flowers 5-merous; leaves
densely stellate rusty-pubescent beneath ove we LP. anillarts,
Calyx-tube with 4 teeth; flowers 4-merous; leaves glabrous 2. P. Saccardianus.
1. PrLUACALYX AXILLARIS, Korth. in Van der Hoev. & De Vr.
Tijdsch. III, 20, t. 2. Young branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, oblong, sometimes slightly wider above the middle, the apex
shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base rounded; upper surface with
a few small scattered sub-stellate hairs, or sub-glabrous when old, the
midrib always pubescent; lower surface boldly reticulate and stellately
i i i de
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 321
rusty-pubescent ; main nerves about 12 pairs, conspicuous beneath,
curving sharply upwards; length 4°5-7 in., breadth 1°25-2 in.; petiole
“2-3 in., rusty-pubescent; stipules lanceolate, rusty-pubescent, °35 in.
long. Flowers °25—35 in. long, on pedicels of about the same length,
both rusty-pubescent. Fruit pisiform, fleshy, °25 in. in diam., crowned
by the persistent wide upper part of the calyx. Benth. in Journ. Linn.
Soe. III, 76; Griff. Notul. IV, 420; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 486.
Mauacca; Griffith 2217/1; Maingay 638. Penane; Griffith; Curtis
937. Singapore; Ridley 6917; Anderson, 81. Prrax; Scortechini
119; King’s Collector, 1049, 2036.
2. PeLiacaLtyx SaccarpDiAnus, Scortechini in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.
XVII, 143. A small tree, young branches rusty-puberulous. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, oblong, shortly acuminate, edges entire, base rounded
or cuneate ; upper surface quite glabrous, shining; the lower dull, paler,
slightly reticulate, glabrous or sometimes puberulous near the midrib
and nerves; main nerves 7-9 pairs, rather prominent beneath, spread-
ing and curving upwards; length 4-7 in., breadth 1-6-2 in., petiole
‘25 in. Flowers about °25 in. long, on slightly shorter pedicels, rusty-
puberulous. Calya-tube as in P. axillaris but only 4-cleft. Petals 4,
broadly oblong, emarginate, irregularly toothed towards the apex,
narrowed and entire at the base. Stamens 8. Ovary usually 9-celled.
Fruit as in P. axillaris, but glabrous. Hemsley in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 1546.
Perak; Scortechini 325. Wray 701, 13828. Manacca; Maingay 639.
This differs from P. axillaris, Korthals, in having glabrous or nearly glabrous
leaves with only 7-9 pairs of main nerves, and also in its tetramerous flowers.
7. GynortrocHes, Blume.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, shining; stipules deciduous.
Flowers small, axillary, fascicled, the peduncles joined in the middle.
Calyx ebracteolate, 4-5-partite ; segments valvate, reflexed. Petals 4-5,
inserted below the margin of an 8-10-lobed perigynous disc, clawed,
spathulate, fimbriate-lacerate. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the disc,
filaments filiform, anthers small. Ovary superior, adhering by a broad
base to the calyx, ovoid-globose, 3-6-angled, 3—-6-celled ; style columnar,
furrowed, conical at the base; stigma peltate, deeply 5-lobed; lobes
emarginate, recurved; ovules 4 in each cell, ascending, fascicled. Berry
globose, 4—6-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, obovoid, testa crusta-
ceous and wrinkled, albumen fleshy, embryo terete. Disrris. Species 2,
both Malayan.
GYNOTROCHES AXILLARIS, Blume Bijdr. 219. A tree; young branches
dark-coloured, smooth. Leaves oblong, or elliptic-oblong to elliptic,
tapering to each end; the apex shortly and rather bluntly acuminate,
J.u. 41 | |
322. G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
the edges entire; both surfaces shining, the lower much reticulate ;
main nerves 9-12 pairs, spreading, curving upwards; length 3°5-5'5 in.,
breadth 1°25-2°5 in., petiole °25-"35 in. Fascicles 6-10-flowered, axillary,
shorter than the petioles. Flowers less than ‘1 in. long, the pedicels
about as long as the fruit-producing flowers, sub-dicecious ; the stamen-
bearing flowers with perfect petals, but the ovary and stigma abortive ;
the flowers with fertile ovaries and with perfect stigmas having imper-
fect stamens and often abortive petals. Fruit a globular glabrous berry
‘I-15 m. in diam. Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 127, t. XXXI; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. Vol. I. Pt. I, 592; Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 451; Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 440. G. Dryptopetalum, Blume Mas. 1. c. 127; Mig.
Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. c. 592. Dryptopetalum cortaceum, Arn. in Ann. Nat.
Hist. I, 372. G. reticulata, A. Gray, Bot, Amer. Expl. Expedit. Vol. T,
607? Microtropis coriacea, Wall. Cat. 4338. Caseariu? acuminata,
Wall. Cat. 7198. Rubiacea, Wall. Cat. 8455.
In all the provinces; common. Duistris. The Malayan Archipelago.
8. ANISOPHYLLEA, Br.
Trees and shrubs, Leaves exstipulate, distichous, obliquely ovate-
lanceolate or elliptic, with 3-5 main nerves proceeding from the base
(the nervation pinnate in one species), quite entire ; the alternate leaves
sometimes smaller or minute and stipuliform. Flowers monecious,
minute, in axillary simple or fascicled spikes, ebracteate or minutely
bracteolate. Calyx-tube of Q flower ovoid, adnate to the ovary, terete
or ribbed ; limb 4-fid, lobes erect. Petals 4, small, involute, entire, lobed
or lacerate. Stamens 8; filaments short, subulate; anthers small, didy-
mous, usually abortive in the females. Ovary inferior, 4-celled ; styles
4, subulate, erect or recurved, stigmas acute or subcapitate; ovules
solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit coriaceous, oblong
or pyriform, ribbed or smooth, l-seeded. Seed pendulous, exalbumin-
ous, testa coriaceous, embryo clavate, cotyledons very small or 0, radicle
large. Diustris. Species 10, natives of Tropical Asia and Africa.
Leaves dimorphous ... ae Py) a. i. ‘A. disticha.
Leaves uniform :—
Flowers apetalous... ee Be .. 2. A. apetala.
Flowers with 4 petals :—
Petals minute, deltoid ve .. & A. Gaudichaudiana.
Petals thick, subquadrate, entire or subemarginat 4, <A. Griffith.
Petals 3-fid at the apex... . 65 A, Scortechinit.
Petals divided to the very base aoe narrow seg-
ments he 6. A. Curtisi.
1, ANISOPHYLLEA DISTICHA, Baill. in Hadnaontt XI, 311. A shrub
with ferruginous-pilose slender branches. Leaves dimorphous, in two
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 323
series ; the longer oblong-rhomboid, subfalcate, acute, the base cuneate,
subsessile, 3-nerved, puberulous or pubescent or sometimes nearly glab-
rous on both surfaces, °75-1'5 in. in length and about one-third or one-
quarter as much in breadth; the smaller set stipule-like, lanceolate
and only ‘25-3 in. long, inserted below the larger and overlapping
their bases. Male flowers in short few-flowered axillary fascicles and
racemes much shorter than the leaves, ‘05 in. in diam., on short pedi-
cels; calyx with 4 broad lobes; petals shorter than the calyx, trifid ;
stamens 8, as long as the petals. Female flowers solitary, larger than
the males, subsessile; calyz-tube elongated, tubular, pubescent exter-
nally, connate with the ovary, crowned at the apex with 4 triangular
lobes; petals and stamens as in the male; styles stout, shorter than the
petals, truncate; stigmas 2-lobed; fruit narrowly elliptic, tapering to
each end, with 8 vertical grooves, glabrous; seed oblong. Hook. fil.
in Herb. Kew; Hensl. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 442. Anisophyllea
trapezoidalis, Baill. in Adansonia, XI, 311. Anisophyllum trapezoidale,
Baill. in Adansonia, III, 24, 26. Haloragis disticha, Jack Mal. Misc.
VII, 19; Wall. Cat. 2519; Hook. Journ. Bot. I, 371; Calc. Journ. Nat,
Hist. IV, 336.
In all the provinces except the Andamans and Nicobars ; common.
Distris. The Malayan Archipelago.
The name Anisophyllea was first given to this genus by Robert Brown, who
however published no description of it. In 18238, Sabine (in a paper published in
the Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond.) first used it in giving a popular description of a plant
from Sierra Leone under the name A. daurina. Overlooking this publication,
Don founded for that very plant the genus Anisophyllum, and named it Aniso-
. phyllum lauwrinwm, and this name was published in 1849 in Hooker’s Niger Flora, 342.
In the addenda and corrigenda to that volume, Don’s name is however reduced and
Brown’s is restored. Baillon (in Adansonia III, 24 and 36,) applied the generic name
- Anisophyllum to three plants of which the present species is one. But, in a sub-
sequent volume of Adansonia (XI, 310 and 878) and in his Histoire des Plantes
(VI, 304), Baillon abandons Don’s name Anisophyllum and adopts Brown’s earlier one.
2. ANISOPHYLLEA APETALA, Scortechini MSS. in Herb. Caleutt.
A tree 30-40 feet high; young branches slender, glabrous. Leaves
membranous, oblong to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate, the base rounded or slightly cuneate; both surfaces
glabrous, minutely reticulate; the upper shining, the lower somewhat
dull when dry; main nerves 5, springing from the apex of the petiole,
the middle three bold, the two lateral rather faint; length 3-8 in.,
breadth 1:25-3 in., petiole ‘25-3 in. Racemes in lax few-branched
extra-axillary panicles as long as the leaves, the rachises glabrous.
Flowers monocious, depressed-globular, usually tetramerous, sometimes
(fide Scortechini) pentamerous. Male fluwers on pedicels longer than
324 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
themselves; calyx deeply cut into 4 (rarely 5) triangular thick concave
segments ; petals none; stumens 4, exserted, the filaments dilated at
the base; styles and ovary rudimentary. Female flowers on the same
branches as the males, sessile; calya-tuwbe slightly elongated, the lobes of
the mouth smaller than in the male, staminodes shorter than the calyx-
lobes; ovary tetragonous, included in the calyx-tube, the styles
exserted; frwit ovoid or elliptic, tapering to each end, glabrous, with
vertical purple stripes, 2-3 in, long and 1-1°25 in. in diam.; pericarp
woody, thick.
Purak; Scortechint, 684 and 1808; Wray 2340, 2758; King’s
Collector 2982, 4826, 4792, 6587, 6318, 7399. .
This resembles A. Gaudichaudiana, Baill. in the shape of its leaves which are,
however, much thinner in texture and more caudate-acuminate. It differs from
that, however, in having apetalous flowers, and in the males having longer pedicels.
The fruit also differs, being pointed at each end and quite glabrous, whereas the
fruit of A. Gaudichaudiana is obtuse at the ends and rusty-pubescent.
8. ANISOPHYLLEA GAUDICHAUDIANA, Baill. in Adansonia, XI, 311.
A tree 50-80 feet high ; young shoots rather slender, glabrous, minutely
lenticellate. Leaves coriaceous, broadly oblong to elliptic-oblong, eutire,
shortly and rather bluntly acuminate, the base rounded or slightly
narrowed; both surfaces glabrous, dull when dry, with wide reticu-
lations and 5, rarely 7, bold vertical curving main nerves springing from
the apex of the petiole, the transverse connecting veins distinct; length
6-10 in., breadth 2°5-4 in.; petiole ‘25-3 in., stout, channelled, articulate
at the base. Panicles axillary, solitary or in fascicles, much shorter than
the leaves, with few short distant spicate rusty adpressed-pubescent
branches. Flowers monecious. The males depressed-globose, mostly —
about °05 in. in diam., on short pedicels; calyw of 4 triangular concave
fleshy segments; petals deltgid, much smaller than the calyx-lobes.
stamens 8, incurved, pistil rudimentary. Female flowers sessile, longer
than the males; the calyx-tube elongate, tubular, containing the ovary,
its mouth with segments like the male ; stamens none; styles 4, recurved.
Fruit large, subpyriform or ellipsoid, sub-oblique, obtuse, minutely
rusty-pubescent, 3°5 in. long, and 2°25 in. diam. ; pericarp woody, ‘5 in.
thick. Seed solitary. Hook. Ic. Plant. 1551. A. grandifolia, Hensl. in
Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 442. Cocculus ? ? flavicans, Wall. Cat. 4976.
Strychnos ? grandis, Wall, Cat. 4454. Anisophyllum flavicans, Hook. &
Thoms. Fl. Ind. 175, A. grande, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. I, 79.
Penana; Gaudichaud, Maingay 1517, Curtis 521, Stolickza.
Perak ; King’s Collector 2706, 2731, 5472; Ridley 3029,
On the principle by which Herr Otto Kuntze desires to guide botanical nomen-
clature Baillon’s name A. Gaudichaudiana would have to give way to the name A.
1897.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 325
grandis, because, although Wallich referred the plant to a family with which it has
no affinity, he gave it the earliest specific name ‘ grandis.”
4, ANISOPHYLLEA GRIFFITH, Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXIII,
460. t. 48. A tree 40-50 feet high, with drooping branches; young
branches slender, glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, greenish-yellow
when dry, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or broadly elliptic-lanceolate, the
apex bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges entire and slightly
revolute when dry; both surfaces glabrous and very minutely dotted,
the upper shining, the lower rather dull; length 2°5-3°5 in., breadth
]*2-2 in., petiole 15-2 in.; a basal nerve hoes from the apex of the
petiole on each side and running close to the edge ; main nerves pinnate,
about 6 pairs, oblique, curving but slightly. Spikes solitary or in pairs,
axillary or extra-axillary, slender, tawny-puberulous, °75-1 in. long,
(1°5-2°75 in., fide Oliver), laxly-flowered. Male flowers ‘05 in. in diam.,
sessile ; calyx-limb with 4 triangular coriaceous lobes ; petals 4, shorter
than the calyx-lobes, thick, broadly-oblong, subquadrate, entire or
faintly emarginate ; stamens 8, the 4 opposite to the petals attached
to the latter, filaments dilated, anthers broadly-elliptic; styles 4, free,
subulate, ovary imperfect. Female flowers like the males, but the
calyz-tube elongated and containing the 4-celled ovary. Fruit globulavr-
ellipsoid, obtuse at each end, glabrous, smooth, 1:75 in. long and 1:35
in. indiam. Laws. in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 442.
Matacca; Griffith 2439, Penana; Curtis 148 and 1511. Perax;
_ King’s Collector 7600.
This differs from all other Malayan species in the pinnate venation of its leaveg.
There are indeed two nerves which spring along with the midrib from the apex of
the petiole and run round the edges, but the midrib has pinnate branches.
5, ANISOPHYLLEA ScorTECHINU, King n. spec. A tree 25-30 feet
high; young branches slender, rusty-tomentose. Leaves falcately
lanceolate-rhomboidal, the apex much acuminate, the base obliquely
acute; both surfaces shining, the upper quite glabrous, the lower
glabrous except for a few thin scattered brown apically-directed
adpressed hairs on the intercostal spaces ; the nerves (and particularly
the middle one) more pubescent, especially towards the base; main
nerves 3, 4 (from the splitting of the middle one) or rarely 5, springing
from the apex of the petiole, the middle one straight, the two lateral
curved; all prominent on the lower and deeply depressed on the upper
surface; connecting veins sub-horizontal, prominent; length 2°5-3 in.,
breadth *6-1:25 in., petiole "15 in. Panicles extra-axillary, with only
1 or 2 branches, ‘5-1 in. long, rusty-pubescent. Male flowers ‘1 in. in
diam., on pedicels as long as themselves, minutely bracteolate at the base ;
calyaz-lobes 4 or 5, broadly ovate-acute, not concave, reflexed; petals
326. G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
shorter than the calyx-lobes, 3-fid at the apex; stamens 8; styles 4,
conical, rudimentary. Female flower larger than the male and with the
calyx-tube elongated and containing the ovary ; lobes of the mouth
broadly ovate; stamens 8; rudimentary styles 4, stout, as long as the
calyx-lobes ; stigmas sub-capitate. F'rwit ellipsoid, glabrous, *75 in. long
and ‘4 in. in diam., glabrous, smooth; the pericarp woody.
Perak; Scortechint 1807. Wray 960 aud 2100; King’s Collector
0681, 8821.
A species closely allied to the Bornean A. rhomboidea, Baill. The latter species
has however leaves of thinner texture, and their main nerves are more pubescent
beneath while, instead of being deeply depressed on the upper surface, they are
scarcely visible. The transverse veins are also finer and less visible than in the
leaves of this, while the lower surface has numerous minute white scales; the leaves
of this have no scales. The petals of A. rhomboidea are described by Baillon as
flabellate-incised.
6. ANISOPHYLLEA Curtisit, King n. spec. A tree 30-40 feet high
with drooping branches ; young twigs slender, deciduously and sparsely
adpressed rusty-pubescent. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate,
slightly oblique especially towards the rather abruptly and obliquely
cuneate base, gradually tapering to the caudate-acuminate apex; upper
surface glabrous, not reticulate ; the lower faintly reticulate, glabrous
except for a few adpressed hairs near the base ; main nerves 5, spring-
ing from the apex of the petiole, the two outer faint and running close
to the edge, the three middle prominent on the lower surface but
obsolete on the upper; length 2°5-3:25 in., breadth *8-1'25 in., petiole |
‘2 in. Male and female flowers on distinct adpressed-pubescent spikes
about ‘5 in long, each flower with a short blunt bracteole at its base.
Male flowers ‘15 in. long, sessile, clavate; calyx-tube elongate, rusty
adpressed-pubescent externally, its mouth with 4 broadly triangular lobes ;
petals 4, as long as the calyx-lobes or longer, cut almost to the base into
filiform lobes ; stamens 8, with filaments of unequal length, those with
short filaments attached to the petals; styles subulate, ovary abortive.
Female flowers ‘25 in. long, the calyx-tube longer than in the male and
ribbed; lobes of the mouth reflexed. Petals as in the male but larger
and with more lobes; stamens as in the male; style as long as the
petals. Fruit unknown.
Penance; Curtis 746.
A very distinct species, at once recognised by its comparatively large flowers
and deeply fimbriate petals; allied to A. rhomboidea, Baill. and to A. Scortechinii,
King ; but well distinct from either.
Orper XLV. COMBRETACEH A.
Trees or shrubs, often climbers. Leaves. alternate subopposite or
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 327
opposite, sometimes ternate, petioled, entire, simple (in [/ligera 3-folio-
late) ; stipules 0. Flowers bracteolate at the base, in the tribe Gyrocar-
pee cymose ; in the Combretex spicate or racemose (the racemes often
panicled) ; often polygamo-monecious. Calyx-twbe adnate to the ovary —
and produced above it (sometimes to a great length), the limb of 4-5
(rarely 4-7) valvate lobes. Petals 4-5 or 0, (rarely 6-7). Stamens 4-5
or 8-10, inserted on the calyx; (in the Gyrocarpex the filaments with
staminodes attached at the base, and the anthers dehiscing by recurved
lateral valves). Ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple ; stigma simple or
in Illigera sinuate, almost lobed; ovules 1-7 (usually 2-3), pendulous
from the apex of the cell. ‘Fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, generally
indehiscent, ovate, angular or very commonly winged; in Calycopteris
and Gyrocarpus crowned by the greatly enlarged calyx. Seed 1, with-
out albumen; cotyledons in Terminalia and others convolute ; in Com-
bretum and others plano-convex. Dustris. Species about 320, in the
tropics of the whole world ; and in S. Africa outside the tropics.
Sus-OrperR I. ComMBrRetEmx. Calyx-lobes valvate; stamens
without basal glands or staminodes ; the anthers with longi-
tudinal dehiscence. Ovules 2-7, suspended by long funicles.
Flowers in spikes or racemes :—
Flowers apetalous :— |
Limb of the calyx deciduous 1. TERMINALIA.
Limb of the calyx accrescent nae ... 2, CALYcoPreris.
Flowers with 4 or 5 petals (except in Combretum ape-
talum) : —
Limb of the calyx persistent, leaves alternate .- & LUMNITZERA.
Limb of the calyx deciduons, leaves opposite :—
Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary for less than
corn. *... ona eee ooo ' 4, COMBRETUM.
Calyx-tube prolonged above the ovary for from ‘75-
ee AT, . 5 wea a Ri --- 5. QUISQUALIS.
Sus-Orper II. GyrocarPes. Calyz-lobes valvate or imbri-
cate; stamens with glands or staminodes at their bases;
anthers dehiscing by up-turned valves. Ovule 1, suspended
by a short funicle. Flowers cymose :—
Scandent ; leaves 3-foliolate a oe. .. 6. ILLIGERA.
Trees; leaves entire ... ae wis .. % GYROCARPUS,
1. Terrminatia, Linn.
Large trees. Leaves alternate or subopposite, exstipulate, entire or
slightly crenulate, often with glands on the petiole or near the base of
the midrib beneath. Flowers small, spicate, (the spikes sometimes pani-
cled), hermaphrodite, the upper flowers on the racemes often males and
the lower hermaphrodite ; a narrow deciduous bract at the base of each
flower. Calyx-tube produced above the ovary, having a campanulate
328 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
mouth with 5 short valvate triangular lobes, deciduous. Petals 0.
Stamens 10, inserted on the calyx-tube ; the epigynous disc within them
densely hairy. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; style long, simple; ovules 2 or
3, pendulous from the summit of the cell. Hrwit ovoid, various in
size and texture, smooth or angular, or with 2-5 wings, indehiscent,
coriaceous. Seed solitary, exalbuminons, cotyledons convolute. Drsreis.
Species 135; in the tropics of both worlds.
Sect. I. Fruit ovoid or elliptic, sometimes compressed,
never winged, but sometimes keeled at the edges or obscure-
ly 4—5-ridged :—
Leaves broadly oblong, lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-oblong ;
fruit sub-clavate, obscurely 5-ridged, glabrous, 2~3in.long 1. 1. citrina.
Leaves elliptic or ovate, acuminate ; fruit oblong, obscure-
ly 5-ribbed, slightly compressed on one side, ‘6-"75 in. iong,
glabrous... eos a. 2. FL: Mant:
Leaves obovate, are Aipiioie or “tab rotund, minutely
papillose on the upper surface, the petioles very long (1°75-4
in.) ; fruit ovoid or globular-ovoid, minutely tomentose ... 3, T. belerica.
Leaves obovate, tapering to a very narrow base; fruit
glabrous :—
Fruit elliptic, 2°25 in. long, with very thick corky peri-
carp; leaves 3-4 in. long “es ao «. 4 TZ. phellocarpa,
Fruit obovate-ellipsoid, plano-convex, 1°5 in. long;
leaves 5-6'5 in. long... » O TT. foetidissima,
Fruit ellipsoid, somewhat re aa a ee at the
edges, 2 in. long; pericarp fleshy; leaves 6—9 in. long 6. TZ. Catappa.
Secr. II. Fruit narrowly elliptic, its edges produced into 2
broad leathery wings :—
Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, 6-9 in. long, the peti-
oles 2°25-2°75 in.; fruit 1°25-1°75 in. long, its breadth
(including the wings) 2°5-3'5 in. ... a Pee’ Pome Wee
Leaves spathulate-oblanceolate, 3-4 in. long, the petioles
1:15-1'5 in.; fruit “75-1°25 in. long; its breadth he ibe
the wings) 1°2-2in. ... x a . 8. T.subspathulata.
1. Termrnavia citrina, Fleming in Asiat. Res. XI, 183, A glab-
rous tree 60-80 feet high ; young shoots slender, rusty-pubescent, but
at an early stage glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, sometimes almost
opposite, from broadly oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, on short
bi-glandular petioles, the apex acute or shortly acuminate, the base cune-
ate or sometimes rounded ; both surfaces when very young rusty-puberu-
lous, afterwards perfectly glabrous and shining, the lower minutely areo-
late-reticulate, the bottom of the areole covered with white felt; main
nerves 8-12 pairs, curving upwards, distinct on both surfaces when dry;
length 3-6 in., breadth 1:25-2'5 in., petiole ‘4 or ‘5 in. Spikes in small
panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary, deciduously rusty-puberulous.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 329
Flowers *2 in. in diam., sessile, all hermaphrodite, each with a deciduous
linear bracteole. Calyx glabrous outside, rusty-villous inside, the tube
oblong; glands 5, rusty-woolly. Drupe oblong-lanceolate, slightly
clavate, smooth, glabrous, obscurely 5-ridged, 2-3 in. long, and ‘75-1
in. in diam. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. II, 485; Wall. Cat. 3970;
DC. Prodr. II, 12; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 602; Kurz For. Flora
Burma, I, 456; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 446; W. & A.
Prodr. 313; Brand. For. Fl. 223. Myrobalanu citrina, Gaertn. Fruct.
IT, t..97.
Britisa Inpta.
Var. 2, malayana, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 447.
Petioles *75-1'25 in. long. Fruit about 1 in. long.
Nicopar Istanns; Jelinek, Kurz. Matacca; Griffith 2178. Maingay
643. Perak; King’s Collector 3173.
This species and its variety malayana may be readily distinguished from T.
Chebula, Retz (which in many respects it resembles) and from every other Asiatic
Terminalia by the peculiar areolate reticulation of the under surface of the leaves.
2. TermrnatiA Mant, King n. spec. A tree 20-40 feet high ;
young shoots slender, deciduously rusty-puberulous, lenticellate. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, almost opposite, not crowded, scattered, elliptic or
ovate, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the base rounded or some-
what cuneate and slightly oblique ; both surfaces glabrescent or glabrous,
minutely reticulate, the reticulations on the lower tesselate ; main nerves
9-12 (rarely 14) pairs, spreading, curving upwards at the tips; length
3°25-6°5 in., breadth 2-3 in.; petiole °75 in, long, often with 2 sessile
oblong glands at the sides near its apex. Panicles lateral and terminal,
with numerous spike-like rusty-puberulous ultimately glabrous branches
shorter than the leaves when in flower, longer when in fruit. Flowers
“15 in. in diam. at the mouth, each subtended by a linear puberulous
bracteole as long as itself. Ovary narrow, cylindric, thickened and
pubescent towards the base, the upper half and the mouth glabrous
outside; the mouth cupular with inconspicuous broad shallow teeth,
woolly inside. Stamens exserted, glabrous. Fruit oblong, tapering a
little to each end, slightly compressed on one side, obscurely 5-ridged,
quite glabrous, ‘6-75 in. long, and ‘3-35 in. in diam. ; pericarp crusta-
ceous, hard, thick.
Nicopar and Anpaman Isianps; King’s Collectors.
Named in honour of Mr. E. H. Man, C. I. E., Deputy Superintendent of the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, whose powerful help has made it possible to explore
the Forests of these most interesting islands; a species of which the nearest ally is
probably T. citrina, Roxb.
3. TERMINALIA BELERICA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IJ, 431. A _ tall tree.
J. u. 42 |
330 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Leaves clustered at the apices of the branches, coriaceous, obovate,
broadly elliptic or sub-rotund, the petioles long; the apex usually
broad and rounded, rarely subacute; the base slightly cuneate, some-
times slightly unequal; both surfaces puberulous when young, glabrous
and reticulate when old, the upper with numerous minute papille ; main
nerves 6-8 pairs, spreading, prominent, the midrib prominent on both
sides and sometimes with 2 glands near the sides of its base; length 45-8
in., breadth 3:°5-4°75 in, petiole 1°75-4 in. Spikes axillary, slender,
longer than the petioles, shorter than the leaves, rusty-pubescent.
Flowers about *25 in. in diam., those in the upper part of the spike
male, those in the lower hermaphrodite. Calyz-twbe short, stout, includ-
ing the ovary, minutely tomentose, the mouth with broad triangular
lobes, pubescent outside, densely villous inside. Stamens much exserted.
Drupe ovoid or globular-ovoid, densely covered with minute pale tomen-.
tum, when dried obscurely 5-angled, 1 in. long and ‘75 in. in diam.
W. & A. Prodr. 313 (excl. syn.) ; Wall. Cat. 3968; Wight Ic. t. 91;
Thwaites Enum. 103; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 91; Brand. For. FI.
222; Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma J, 455; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 445;
Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 19; Trimen Fl. Ceyl. I, 159. T. Gella, Dalz. in
Hook. Kew Journ. HI, 227. 1. punctata, Roth Nov. Sp. 381; DC.
Prodr. III, 13. . eglandulosa, Roxb. Herb. (wrongly referred in Willd.
Sp. Pl. IV, 968). T. moluccano, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. II, 432.
Perak; Scortechini 1684; King’s Collector 8778. Distris. British
India.
Roxburgh describes and figures (Corom. Plants t. 198; Fl. Ind. IT, 431) a form
of this with two glands at the apex of the petiole on the under surface of the:
leaf; but this form has not hitherto been collected in any Malayan country, and its
occurrence in British India must be rare.
4, TERMINALIA PHELLOCARPA, King n, sp. A tree; young branches
rather slender, deciduously rusty-tomentose. Leaves crowded near the
apices of the branches, coriaceous, obovate, blunt, tapering from above
the middle to the petiole, slightly oblique at the base; both surfaces
glabrous and shining, the lower widely reticulate and minutely dotted ;
main nerves 4-6 pairs, spreading but curving upwards; length 3-4 in.,
breadth 1°75-2 in.; petiole about ‘8 in., thickened towards the base,
rusty-pubescent. Flowers unknown. Fruit elliptic, blunt at each end,,
2°3 in. long, breadth 1°5 in.; the apex with a short sharp mammilla °15
in. long, the pericarp thick, spongy, with horizontal layers of fibrous
tissue, the endocarp woody.
Siveapore; on Bukit Mandai, H. N. Ridley.
This has been collected only once, and the specimens are without flowers. I have
named it from its corky fruit. In its leaves this greatly resembles the Philippine
species 7, nitens, Presl; but that has a very much smaller fruit than this; more-
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 331
over the petioles of its leaves are glabrous, whereas in this the petioles are pubes-
ent.
5, TERMINALIA Faripissima, Griff. Notul. IV, 685. A tall tree; young
branches as thick as a swan’s quill, puberulous, rather rough. Leaves
coriaceous, obovate, minutely cuspidate, narrowed from above the middle
to the acute base; upper surface quite glabrous, very shining when dry
the lower duller, glabrous except the sparsely rusty-pubescent midrib
and nerves; main nerves 7-9 pairs, spreading but curving upwards ;
length 5-6°5 in., breadth 2°25-3°25 in.; petiole about ‘8 in., terete.
Spikes solitary, axillary, nearly as long as the leaves, rusty-pubescent.
Flowers nearly all hermaphrodite, about ‘2 in. in diam. ; their ovaries
elongate, clavate, rusty-tomentose, each with a linear bracteole, Calyz-
teeth sparsely hairy, the mouth rusty-villous inside. Drupe obovate-
ellipsoid, subacute, plano-convex, glabrous when ripe, 1°5 in. long.
Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 445.
Matacca; Griffith, Maingay 6435 and 644. Distrris. Burma.
6. Terminauia Carapea, Linn. Mant. II, 519. A tree 80-120
feet high; young branches stout, puberulous, becoming glabrous, the
tips with large cicatrices.. Leaves coriaceous, obovate or obovate-
oblong, with a much attenuate cordate and often bi-glandular base; the
petiole very short, stout, broad and channelled ; both surfaces glabrous ;
main nerves 8-12 pairs, spreading, not prominent when dry; length
6-9 in., breadth 3°5-5 in., petiole ‘35 in. Spikes axillary, slender,
glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Flowers ‘2 in. in diam., each with a
small bracteole, those in the upper part of the raceme mostly male
and shortly pedicelled, those in the lower part hermaphrodite ; calyx-
tube containing the ovary, conical. Calyx glabrous outside, the mouth
villous inside. Ovary glabrous. Drupe ellipsoid, somewhat compressed,
_ keeled all round, pointed at the base, glabrous; pericarp pulpy, endocarp
woody and very hard; length 2 in., breadth 1°25 in. Willd. Sp. Pl. IV,
967; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. II, 480; Lamk. Ill. t, 848; DC.
Prodr, III, 11; Wall. Cat. 3975; W. & A. Prodr. 318; Wight Ic. 172;
Bot. Mag. 3004; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 599; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 18;
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma, I, 454; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 444,
T. Catappa and T. Badumia, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. IV, Vol. VI,
92. T. moluccana, Lamk. Dict. I, 349, (not of Roxb.) ; DC. Prodr. III.
11; Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 96 (excluding the synonym 1’. eglandulosa, Roxb.)
T. procera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. II, 249; Wall. Cat. 3974;
Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 454. Terminalia nov. spec. 168, Kurz in
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1876, pt. II, p. 180. 2. Myrobalana, Roth Novy.
Sp. 378. T. swbcordata, Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 968. TT. intermedia, Spreng.
Syst. II, 359. Juglans Catappa, Lour. F1. Cochinch. 703. Catappa do-
332 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
mestica, O. litorea and C. sylvestris, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. I, t. 68.
Badamia Commersoni, Gaertn. Fruct. II, 97; Rheede Hort. Mal. IV,
t. 3, 4.
Tn all the provinces ; near the coast.
A magnificent species, at times attaining an enormous height, and usually with
horizontal branches. The stem is frequently most picturesquely butressed. The
embryo is eatable, and is often known to Europeans in the East as the “ Indian
Almond.” I have reduced to this T. procera, Roxb., the only tangible distinction
between which and T. Catappa is said to be its obscurely 5-ridged fruit. But
fruits with this peculiarity may be gathered from the same trees as those bearing
the ordinary sharp-edged smooth fruit. ~
7. TeRMINALIA BIALATA, Steud. Nomencl. II, 668. A glabrous tree
80-100 feet high; young branches stout and with large cicatrices.
Leaves crowded at the apices of the branches, alternate, thinly coria-
ceous, obovate or obovate-oblong, with long petioles, the apex abruptly
and shortly cuspidate, narrowed from above the middle to the cuneate
and usually oblique base; upper surface shining when dry, the lower
dull and paler, the reticulations rather distinct on both; main nerves
7-9 pairs, spreading, rather distinct on both surfaces when dry; length
6-9 in., breadth 2°75-4°5 in., petioles 2°25-2'75 in. Spikes axillary,
drooping, solitary, longer than the petioles but rather shorter than the
leaves, rusty-puberulous. Flowers ‘2 in. in diam., sessile, the male
flowers in the upper part, the hermaphrodite flowers in the lower,
each with a minute deciduous bracteole. Calyx rusty-pubescent out-
side, densely rusty-villous inside; the lobes triangular, reflexed. Stamens
exserted. Ovary villous. Fruit ellipsoid, tapering to each end, some-
what flattened on one side, covered with minute dense rusty tomen-
tum and with 2 large slightly wavy, coriaceous, puberulous, horizontally
striate lateral wings; length of fruit 1:25-1-75 in., breadth °5--75 in.,
the wings from 1°25-1°75 in. in width. Kurz For. Flora Burma, I, 456;
Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 449. Pentaptera bialata, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 34; Fl. Ind. II, 441; Wall. Cat. 3986.
ANDAMAN, and probably also the Nicopar Istanps. Distris. Burma,
8. TERMINALIA SUBSPATHULATA, King n. spec. <A tree over 100 feet
high; young branches rather slender, deciduously puberulous. Leaves
alternate, crowded near the ends of the branches, coriaceous, spathulate-
oblanceolate, shortly and bluntly cuspidate, tapering from near the apex
to the long petiole, eglandular and sometimes slightly oblique at the
base, the edges thickened and slightly revolute ; upper surface glabrous
and shining, the lower pale and sub-glaucous, both minutely reticulate ;
main nerves about 8 pairs, spreading and curving upwards, distinct ;
length 3-4 in., breadth near the apex 1-1°6 in., petiole 1:15-1‘5 in.
Spikes solitary, axillary, shorter than the leaves when in flower, longer
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 333
when in fruit, rusty-pubescent. Flowers ‘15 in. in diam., those in the
upper part of the spike male, those in the lower hermaphrodite. Calyx
minutely rusty-pubescent outside ; the tube narrow, sub-cylindric in the
female, tapering much upwards; the mouth wide, cupular and with
5 broadly triangular shallow reflexed teeth, shortly lanate at the
base. Stamens exserted. Fruit narrowly elliptic, cylindric at the ends,
*75-1'25 in. long; the edges produced into 2 coriaceous, horizontally
striate, glabrous wings each ‘6-1 in. wide.
SinGAPORE; Ridley 5733. Matacca; Derry 1037. Perak; King’s
Collector 4529.
2. CanycopTrreris, Lamk.
A diffuse sub-scandent shrub with drooping branches. Leaves
opposite, shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate, acuminate, entire. Racemes
dense, axillary, and crowded towards the ends of the branches so as to
form large panicles. Flowers small, greenish, each with a lanceolate
bract. Calyx-tube 5-striate, produced above the ovary; limb 5-fid,
persistent and much enlarged in fruit. Petals 0. Stamens 10, the five
upper ones between the calyx-teeth, the five others alternate with them
and lower down on the calyx-tube. Ovary 1l-celled, inferior; style
subulate, simple; ovules 3, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruit
narrowly ovoid, 5-ribbed, villous, 1-seeded, surmounted by the enlarged
calyx. Cofyledons convolute. The only species.
CALYCOPTERIS FLORTBUNDA, Lamk. Dict., Suppl. II, 41, and Ill. t. 357.
A diffuse scrambling shrub, sub-scandent; young branches slender,
puberulous. Leaves sub-coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong,
sometimes shortly acuminate, the base rounded or slightly narrowed ;
both surfaces minutely tomentose, the upper tawny, the lower rusty and
pitted; main nerves 5 or 6 pairs, ascending, curved, rather prominent
beneath ; length 2°5-4 in., breadth 1-2 in., petiole ‘2-3 in. Inflorescence
rusty-tomentose. Flowers °35 in. in diam., sessile, yellowish-green,
each with a short lanceolate pubescent bracteole. Stamens unequal, but
all much shorter than the linear-lanceolate calyx-lobes. Fruit about
°35 in. long, narrowly oblong, 5-angled, crowned by the enlarged
veined calyx-lobes which often attain from ‘75-1 in. in length. Bran-
dis For. Flora 220; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 449. Caly-
copteris nutans, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XLVI, pt. IT, p. 59;
For. Flora Burma, I, 468. Getonia floribunda, Roxb. Cor, PI. t. 87 and
Fl. Ind. II, 428; Roth Nov. Sp. 216; DC. Prodr. III, 15; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl, 91; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 605; W. & A. Prodr. 315;
Wall. Cat. 4013. Getonia nutans, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; FI. Ind. IT,
428; Wall. Cat. 4012; Mig. 1.c.; DC. Prodr. III, 15. Getonia nitida,
Roth Nov. Sp. 217. Combretum sericewm, Wall. in Herb. Cale.
334 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
Penance; Wallich. Sincapore; Lobb. Trana; King’s Collector.
Anpvamans ; King’s Collector. Distris. British India.
There is a variety of this, with glabrous leaves and with the longer stamens
equalling the calyx-lobes, to which Kurz has given the varietal name floribunda,
his name for the typical form being C. nutans. I have seen no specimens of the
glabrous variety from any of the Malayan provinces.
3. Lumwyivzera, Willd.
Large glabrous shrubs or small trees, growing in tropical salt
marshes along with Mangroves and closely resembling them in habit.
Leaves clustered towards the ends of the branches, alternate, thickly
leathery, subsessile, narrowly obovate, entire or scarcely crenate.
Flowers in racemes. Calyx-tube with two adnate bracteoles near the
base, oblong, narrowed at both ends, produced above the ovary; lobes
5, persistent. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 10 in two series, or fewer.
Ovary inferior, 1-celled; style subulate, simple; ovules 2-5, pendulous
from the top of the cell. Fruit woody, elliptic-oblong, 3-1 in. (includ-
ing the calyx-limb), longitudinally striate or nearly smooth. Seed 1;
cotyledons convolute.—Distris. Species 2; on the shores of the tropics
of the Old World and of Polynesia.
Petals scarlet ; stamens twice as long as the petals and of the
same colour... si ave ene .. Ll. DI. coccinea.
Petals white; stamens of the same colour and length as the
petals 2. LD. racemosa,
1. Lumyirzena coccrnga, W. & A. Prodr. 316. A small tree 12-40
feet high. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, 2-3 in. long. Racemes terminal,
sometimes several together forming a panicle. Petals scarlet, 25 in.
long. . Stamens 5-10 (usually 7), twice as long as the petals and of the
same colour. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. pt. I, p. 606 ; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.
Ind. II, 452. LD. littorea, Voigt Hort. Suburb. Cale. 39 Kurz For. FI.
Brit. Burma, I, 469. L. pentandra, Griff. Notul. IV, 684, and Ic. Pl. Asiat.
t. 644. Pyrranthus littoreus, Jack Mal. Misc. II, 57; Wall. Cat, 4018.
Anpaman Istanps. Perak; King’s Collector 1180; Scortechini 1001;
and probably in the Mangrove swamps of all the provinces; Duisrrrs.
British India, the Malayan Archipelago, North Australia and Polynesia.
2. LumNitzeRA RACEMOSA, Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr.
TV, (1803), 187. A small tree 20-40 feet high. Leaves oblanceolate to
oval, obtuse, 1-3 in. long. Racemes axillary, elongating in fruit. Petals
minute, white. Stamens 5-10, about as long as the petals and also
white. DC. Prodr. III, 22; W. & A. Prodr. 316; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
I, pt. I, 606; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 90; Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser.
IV, Vol. IV, p. 103; Bedd. Fl. Syly. Pl. XXI; Brand. For. Fl. 221;
1897.] G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339
Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burma I, 468; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT,
452. Pyrranthus albus, Wall. Cat. 4019. Petaloma alternifolia, Roxb:
Fl. Ind. II, 372. Bruguiera madagascariensis, DC. Prodr. III, 23.
Rheede Hort. Mal. VI, t. 37.
In Mangrove-swamps in all the Provinces. Duistris. British 1
the Malayan Archipelago, North Australia and Polynesia.
4, ComsBretum, Linn.
Shrubs with long pendent or scandent branches. Leaves entire,
petioled, opposite or more seldom alternate or ternate. Flowers herma-
phrodite or polygamo-dicecious, in spikes or panicles, bracteoles small.
Calyx-tube constricted above the ovary, short or long-produced, urceo-
late funnel-shaped tubular or campanulate ; limb 4-5-lobed, deciduous.
Petals as many as the calyx-lobes, (0 in C. apetalum), placed on the
calyx-limb. Stamens twice as many as the petals, inserted in two series
with them. Ovary inferior, 1l-celled; style 1, subulate, simple; ovules
2-5, pendent from the top of the cell. Fruit with 4-5 wings angles or
ridges, dry, generally indehiscent. Seed 1; cotyledons plaited or flat,
in a few species convoluted. Disrris. Species 160, common in the
tropics of America, Africa and Asia; also in South Africa.
- Flowers 5-merons ; fruit 5-angled ... Ae wo. 1. C. trifoliatum.
Flowers 4-merous ; fruit 4-angled ... af w. 2 CC. tetralophum...
Flowers 4-merous ; fruit 4-winged :—
Tube of calyx much elongate; flowers not squamose, buds
ellipsoid, their apices very much pointed :—
Flowers condensed in globose masses at the ends of the
branches of the panicle gee es . 3. C. sundiacum.
Flower-spikes elongated ey «. 4. C. extensum.
Tube of calyx long; flowers squamose, Hada: glaneus) the
apex rather acute Las sas .. 58. CO. chinense.
Tube of calyx short; buds not sailed; —
Flowers squamose ; leaves not cordate and with distinct
petioles *3—"4 in. long :—
Fruit not compressed, its faces all narrow and equal,
its wings broad and thin te uae 6. C. squamosum,
Fruit compressed, two of its faces broad and tio
narrow, its wings short and thick ot 7 C. Wrayi.
Flowers not squamose; leaves cordate and with very
short petioles (*05—"15 in. long) :—
Leaves glabrous except the midrib :—
Panicle and calyx with short thick glandular hairs 8. OC. Kunstlert.
Panicles cinereous-tomentose ; flowers puberulous ;
fruit black when ripe and with narrow wings .. 9. OC. nigrescens.
Leaves, except when old, with long adpressed hairs
beneath ; panicles sericeous-tomentose; fruit pale-
brown when dry, with broad thin wings... .. LO. @. Scortechini.
336 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malaya Peninsula. [No. 1,
1. ComsBretuM trRIFoLIATUM, Vent. Choix t. 58. A powerful
climber; young branches slender, terete, glabrous or puberulous; in the
older branches the bark scaling off. Leaves coriaceous, opposite or
alternate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic,
sub-acute, the base cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous and shining ; main
nerves 5-7 pairs, spreading or ascending, distinct on the lower surface,
hardly visible on the upper, reticulations indistinct; length 1:75-5°5
in., breadth ‘8-2 in., petiole ‘2-25 in. Spikes axillary, solitary or in pairs,
or terminal and in panicles, puberulous, Flowers ‘15 in. in diam. at
the mouth, densely crowded. Calyx-tube with a very short constriction
above the ovary ; the mouth wide, cupular, and with 5 broad triangular
teeth, everywhere adpressed-pubescent externally. Petals lanceolate,
slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes in length. Dzsc and bottom of the
mouth of the calyx pubescent. Stamens exserted. Fruit 1:1-1'25 in.
long and ‘5 in. in diam., with 5 very acute angles, glabrous, dark-brown
when ripe. G. Don in Trans, Linn. Soc. XV, 439; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
1, pt. I, 610; Kurz For. FI]. Brit. Burma J, 461; Clarke in Hook. fil.
Fl. Br. Ind. II, 454. C. lucidum, Blume Bijd. 641. ©. undulatum and
C. elegans, Wall. Cat. 3993, 4003. C. subalternans, Wall. Cat. 4008 ?
Terminalia lancifolia, Griff. Notul. IV, 685. Hmbryogonia lucida,
Blume Mus. Bot. II, t. 52. Cacoucia ? trifoliata, DC. Prodr. II, 22. @C. °
lucida, Hassk. in Flora 1844, p. 607.
Trane; King’s Collector ; doubtless also occurring in other provinces.
Distris. British India, Java.
2. CoMBRETUM TETRALOPHUM, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,
454, A powerful climber ; young branches slender, with minute brown
rusty scales. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, shortly
acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower
with scattered brown glands when young and puberulous on the midrib
and nerves; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, oblique, ascending, inconspicuous
on both surfaces; length 2°5-5°5 in., breadth 1-2 in., petiole ‘3-'4 in.
Spikes axillary, solitary, much shorter than the leaves, slightly scaly —
below the flowers, very scaly and puberulous between them. Flowers
‘lin, in diam. at the mouth. Calyz-tube constricted above the ovary,
the constricted part.as long as the ovary; the mouth campanulate and
with 4 ovate erect pubescent lobes. Petals slightly longer than the
calyx-lobes but much narrower, linear. Disc and fundus of the mouth
of the calyx rusty-villous. Stamens and style exserted, Fruit °75-1 in.
long and half as broad, shining, dark-coloured, the edges very acute but
not winged.
Manacca; Griffith 2195. Perak; King’s Collector 1012. Disrris.
Siam, Borueo.
1897.) G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 337
3. ComBretum sunpiAcUM, Miq. FL. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 327. A very
powerful climber; young branches closely covered with deciduous
scales. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic to elliptic-
orbicular, abruptly and very shortly acuminate; the base rounded,
rarely slightly cuneate, sometimes unequal-sided; both surfaces glab-
rous, the upper punctate and with very sparse scales ; the lower with the
scales more numerous and white with dark centres; main nerves about
6 pairs, oblique, curving slightly, not prominent on the upper surface but
slightly soon the lower when dry ; length 2°75-+4 in., breadth 1:8-2°75 in.,
petiole -4—8 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, umbellate, longer than
the leaves, the branches ending in dense globose minutely bracteolate
spikes. Calya-tube about ‘35 in. long, minutely pubescent, not scaly,
4-ridged along the ovary, above it cylindric, expanding upwards into
a funnel-shaped mouth with 4 narrowly triangular-acuminate reflexed
lobes; calyx inside with a ring of hairs at its base but not filled with
long coarse hair, narrowly ovate and very acute in bud, Petals much
shorter than the calyx-lobes, oval, not clawed, glabrous. Stamens
exserted. rut about 1 in. long and nearly as broad, with 4 coria-
ceous horizontally-striate shining wings, and with a few minute scattered
scales. Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 458.
Matacca; Maingay 648. Sixearore; Hullett 89; Ridley 4668.
Perak; Scortechini 1016. King’s Collector 4360, 4452, 5864, 7827 ;
Wray 4272.
Readily recognised by its panicled inflorescence, the branches being umbellate
and each ending in a globose spike of flowers with very acute buds which are not
scaly,
4, Combretum rxrensum, Roxb. Hort. Beng, 28; Fl. Ind. IT, 229.
A large climber; young shoots rather slender, sometimes angled,
very sparsely lenticellate. Leaves opposite or nearly so, coriaceous,
broadly elliptic to sub-rotund, rarely ovate, the apex shortly and
abruptly acuminate or sub-acute; the base broad and rounded, rarely
slightly cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous ; the lower reticulate, punctate
and slightly rough; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs, spreading, interarching
a little way from the edge; length 4°5-7 in., breadth 2°75-4 in., petiole
"6-15 in., stout. Spikes axillary and solitary, or sometimes in few-
branched panicles, rarely terminal, often as long as or longer than the
leaves, puberulous. lowers ‘25 in. wide at the mouth when expanded ;
the buds ovate, very acute at the apices. Calyx-tube very long, (°35 in.)
infundibuliform, puberulous; the mouth ‘15 in. long, deeply cut into
4 triangular acuminate reflexed lobes. Petals ovate-truncate or obgvate,
shorter than the calyx-lobes; calyx with a ring of hairs at the throat
inside, otherwise nearly glabrous. Fruit when fully ripe about 1:25-1'5
in. long, and (including the wings) nearly as broad, wings scariose,
J. i. 43
3388 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
glabrous or glandular-puberulous. Wall. Cat. 3996; G. Don in Trans.
Linn. Soc. XV, 422; Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. I, pt. I, 608; Kurz For. FI,
Brit. Burma I, 463; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 458. 0.
rotundifoliwm, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IT, 226; Wall. Cat. 3995. C. Wightianum,
Wall. Cat. 4007; W. & A. Prodr. 317; Wight Ic. t, 227; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 90. C. Horsfieldii, Miq. 1. c. 609; Kurz in Flora 1871, p. 289.
CO. platyphyilum, Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Obs. Bot. 242; Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. II, 188. C macrostachyum, Wall. Cat. 3997.
C. latifolium, Blume Bijd. 641; Mig. 1.c. 609. C. leucanthwm, Heurck
& Muell.-Arg. Obs. Bot. 240. C. formosum, Griff. Notul. IV, 682, (fide
Kurz).
Matacea; Derry 386. Anpaman IsLANDS; very common. Not com-
mon in the other Provinces. Distris. British India.
5.. ComMBRETUM CHINENSE, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28. A powerful
climber; young branches slender, terete, with sparse minute scales.
Leaves opposite, or in whorls of three (var. ternatum), thinly coriaceous,
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sometimes obovate, shortly and abruptly
acuminate, the base slightly narrowed; both surfaces glabrous, sparsely
squamulose like the young branches and inflorescence, the upper surface
of a dark colour when dry, the lower pale-brown (pubescent in VAR,
pubescens) ; main nerves 7 or 8 pairs, spreading, curved, slightly promi-
nent on the lower surface, scarcely visible on the upper; length 3°25-5
in., breadth 1:°5-2'25 in., petiole ‘15-"4 in. Spikes solitary, axillary,
longer than the leaves, many-flowered ; the bracteoles linear, deciduous.
Calyx-tube ‘25 in. long, slender at the base, expanding into a funnel-
shaped mouth ‘15 in. in diam. when fully expanded, with 4 deep erect
triangular acute scaly lobes, globular when in bud but the apex acute.
Petals broadly obovate, clawed, longer than the lobes of the calyx,
glabrous. Disc and interior of calyx fulvous-pubescent. Fruit 1-125
in. long and ‘8-1 in. broad, with 4 slightly unequal scarious coriaceous
horizontal striate sparsely squamulose wings. Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 230
(not of G. Don); Kurz For. Flora ‘Burma, I, 463; Clarke in Hook.
fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I], 457. ? O. Griffithit, Heurck and Muell.-Arg. Obs.
Bot. 231.
AnpAMAN IsLANDS; very common, Perak; Wray 2314, 2743.
King’s Collector 4646.
Var. ternatum; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 453; leaves
often in whorls of three, usually obovate. C. ternatwm, Wall. Cat. 4002.
In the Anpamans (doubtful). Duistris. Chittagong. Burma.
Var. Porterianum, Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 457; leaves
elliptic-oblong, acuminate, never obovate, main nerves about 8 pairs.
C. Porterianum, Wall. Cat. 4000.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 339
PENANG.
‘This variety does not appear to have been collected since Wallich’s time. 1
much doubt whether it is worth keeping up even as a variety. ©
Var. pubescens, King. Leaves pubescent in the under surface.
Perak; King’s Collector 889.
6. ComBRETUM squamosuM, Roxb. FI. Ind. III, 23]. A large creeper ;
young branches slender, cylindric, covered (like almost all other parts of
the plant) with scales with broad pale margins. Leaves opposite, thinly
coriaceous, broadly elliptic or elliptic-rotund, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
shortly and abruptly acuminate; the base rounded, rarely sub-cuneate ;
both surfaces dull when dry and scaly, but without hairs; length 3°25-
5°5 in., breadth 2°25-4°5 in.; petiole 3-4 in., scaly. Spikes axillary or
terminal, solitary or in panicles, shorter than the leaves, few-branched.
Flowers ‘15 in. in diam. at the mouth. Calyx-tube shortly constricted
above the 4-angled ovary ; the mouth cupular, with 4 broadly triangular
teeth. Petuls small, obovate. Disc and fundus of mouth of calyx
fulvous-villose. Fruit *75-1'5 in. long and nearly as broad (including
the wings), with 4 wide thin membranous wings, squamose at the
bottom of the deep grooves between the wings. Wall. Cat. 3987; Migq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. I, 607; G. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. XV, 438 (in-
accurate as to the floral symmetry); W. & A. Prodr. 317; Kurz For.
Fl. Brit. Burma I, 463; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 456.
C. lepidotum, Presl Bemerk. 142 (see Kurz in Flora 1871, p. 289).
C. Maluloea, Wall. Cat. 3991.
Matacca; Maingay 648. Anpaman Istanps. Perak; King’s Col-
lector 5083. Punane; Wallich, King’s Collector 1335, Curtis 258.
A species easily recognised by being everywhere covered with scales. Some of
the Penang specimens have ovate-elliptic leaves; otherwise they do not differ from
- specimens from other places.
7. Comspretum Wray, King n. spec. Young branches slender,
striate when dry, glabrous but slightly scaly. Leaves opposite, coria-
ceous, narrowly elliptic, subacute or very shortly and bluntly acuminate,
the base rounded; both surfaces reticulate, the upper glabrous and
shining ; the lower dull, glabrous elsewhere, but with some coarse hairs
along the sides of the midrib near its base; main nerves 6 or 7 pairs,
ascending, curved, slightly prominent beneath ; length 2°5-3'5 in., breadth
1°15-1'5 in.; petiole ‘35-4 in., rather rough when dry, those in the
upper part of the stem and in the axils of which the spikes arise much
smaller. Spikes axillary, solitary, about 1 in. long, the peduncles gla-
brous, the floriferous part pubescent and scaly. Flowers few, in clusters
of 2or 3. Calyx-tube 15 in. Jong, shortly constricted above the ovary,
the mouth campanulate and deeply cut into 4 triangular acute erect
340 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
teeth, every part densely covered with brown scales externally. Petals
slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes, oblanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, erect.
Stamens 8, exserted, Fruit compressed, ovate, pointed at each end,
dark-brown when dry, with 4 short wings, about 1:2 in. long and ‘6 in.
broad on the compressed surfaces, the other two surfaces narrow and
grooved, all parts sparsely scaly.
PERAK ; sea-shore at Matang, Wray 2504.
8. ComBrerum Kunsrbert, King n. spec. <A powerful climber;
young shoots slender, terete, very slightly puberulous and with very
few scattered rusty hairs intermixed. Leaves opposite, narrowly ellip-
tic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and bluntly acuminate, slightly narrowed
to the minutely cordate base; upper surface glabrous except the
minutely pubescent midrib, shining; the lower dull, glabrous even on
the midrib; main nerves 5-7 pairs, ascending, curving, length 3-5°5
in., breadth 1-1-1835 in.; petiole ‘1 in. or less, glabrous. Panicles axil-
lary and shorter than the leaves or terminal and much longer, peduncu-
Jate, with many short thick glandular hairs, the branches rather short
and spreading, bracteoles shorter than the ovaries. Calyx-tube about ‘1 in.
long, constricted both below and above the ovary, the limb widely cam-
pauulate and with 4 very shallow broad reflexed teeth, clothed outside
with glandular hairs. Petals inserted near the edge of the calyx-limb
aud projecting beyond its lobes, broadly ovoid, reflexed, pubescent.
Fruit 4-winged, tapering to the ends (when young), unknown in the
ripe state.
Purak ; King’s Collector 3435, 6664; Scortechini 2014.
9. CoMBRETUM NIGRESCENS, King nu. spec. <A slender climber 20-40
feet long; young branches rusty-puberulous and with sparse long
rusty-silky hairs. Leaves opposite, membranous, black when dry,
narrowly elliptic to oblong, shortly acuminate, the base rounded,
the petioles very ‘short; upper surface shining, glabrous except the
rusty-sericeous midrib; lower surface with the midrib and main
nerves rusty-sericeous, the intercostal spaces almost glabrous; length
2°25-2'75 in., breadth ‘75-1 in., petiole less than ‘1 in. Panicles termi-
nal, lax, spreading, longer than the leaves, minutely cinereous-tomentose
with a few long rusty hairs intermixed, the branches interruptedly
spicate, bracteoles shorter than the calyx-tube. Calya-tube only about
05 in. long; the limb rather longer, campanulate and with 4 rather
shallow broad acute teeth, puberulous on the outer surface, pubescent:
on the inner, with a wing of hairs in the throat. Petuls about as long
as the calyx-lobes, broadly ovate or slightly obovate, blunt, puberulous
on the outer surface, sericeous on the inner. Stamens 8, unequal, the
outer row the longest. Fruit black when dry, shining, glabrous, with
4 narrow wings, ‘8 in. long and ‘4 in, broad.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 341
Pprak ; King’s Collector 3469, 8140.
10. Compretum Scorrecninu, King n. spec. Young branches
slender, softly sericeous-tomentose. Leaves opposite, thinly coriaceous,
oblong-elliptic or sometimes oblong-oblanceolate, the base rounded or
very minutely cordate; upper surface shining, glabrous except the
depressed rusty-sericeous midrib; lower surface reticulate, with many
long adpressed hairs near the base and along the prominent midrib,
the nerves and intercostal spaces with shorter scattered hairs, when
old almost glabrous; main nerves about 7 pairs, ascending, curved,
prominent on the lower surface, slightly depressed on the upper, length
3°25-45 in., breadth 14-1°75 in., petiole ‘1-15 in, Panicles axillary
and terminal, shorter than the leaves; the branches few, short and few-
flowered, everywhere softly sericeous-tomentose. Calyx-tube ‘1 in.
long, cylindric; the mouth slightly longer, widely campanulate, with
4 shallow broad acute reflexed teeth, softly tomentose like the tube.
Petals 4, inserted near the edge of the calyx and projecting beyond
it, broadly ovate-lanceolate, reflexed, pubescent. Stamens 8, exserted.
Fruit with 4 thin sub-coriaceous wings, pointed at each end, glabrous,
1:25 in, long, and °65 in. broad.
Perak ; Scortechint.
Collected only once, and the specimens are few.
5. Quisquaris, Linn.
Large shrubs scandent or subscandent. Leaves opposite, oblong or
obovate, acuminate, entire. lowers large, in short axillary or terminal
spikes. Calyx-tube slender and much prolonged above the ovary, deci-
duous, its limb 5-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens 10, short. Ovary 1-celled ;
style filiform, partially adherent to the calyx-tube, stigma sub-capitate ;
ovules 3 or 4, suspended from the apex of the loculus. Fruit dry,
5-angled or 5-winged, coriaceous, subindehiscent. Seed solitary, cotyle-
dous plane. Distris. Species 5, tropical Asian or African.
Calyx-tube less than 1 in. long ee ads we 1. Q. densiflora.
Calyx-tube from 1°5-2'5 in. long ie 2. Q. indica.
1. QorsquaLis peNsiFrLoRA, Wall. Cat. 4011. Young branches
minutely rusty-puberulous. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-ob-
long, shortly acuminate, the base rounded or minutely cordate ; upper
surface glabrous except the pubescent midrib and main nerves; lower
surface glabrous, the 6 pairs of curved ascending main nerves with tufts
of hair in their axils; both surfaces shining and minutely papillose ;
length 3°5 to 4°5 in., breadth 1:5-2 in. ; petiole *2-3 in., pubescent on the
upper surface. Spikes axillary and solitary, or terminal and almost
panicled, rusty-pubescent ; bracteoles lanceolate, sub-persistent, rusty-
342 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. I,
pubescent, ‘5-75 in. long. Calyx-twbe produced beyond the ovary for
25-5 in., cylindric, rusty-tomentose; its mouth funnel-shaped and
deeply divided into 5 narrow lanceolate-subulate lobes. Petals shorter
than the calyx-lobes, oblong, obtuse, about ‘2 in. long, scarlet, rusty-
pubescent on the outer side, nearly glabrous on the inner. Fruit oblong,
shining, with 5 rather narrow unequal thin coriaceous wings, 1 in. long
and ‘65 in. broad.
PenanG; Wallich. Perak; Wray 3353.
2. QursquaLis inpDICA, Linn. Sp. Pl..556. Young branches decidu-
ously rusty-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base
rounded; both surfaces more or less rusty-pubescent, nearly glabrous
when adult except the midrib and nerves, always minutely papillose ;
main nerves 6-8 pairs, ascending, little curved, length 3-4 in., breadth
15-2 in., petiole about ‘3 in. Spzkes axillary, their rachises shorter
than the leaves, many-flowered, very unequal, rusty-tomentose; bracts
lanceolate, sub-persistent, °35 in. long, pubescent. Calyx-tube produced
beyond the ovary for 1°5-2°5 in., its mouth short, funnel-shaped and
divided into 5 broad triangular acute lobes. Petals oblong or oblong-
rotund, obtuse, *5 in. or more in length, red, puberulous. F'rwit narrow-
ly ellipsoid, tapering much to the apex, less so to the base, sharply 5-
angled, almost 5-winged, glabrous and of a deep brown colour, °75-1°25
in. long and from ‘3-45 in. broad. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 336; Lamk.
Ill. t. 357; DC. Prodr. III, 23; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 427; Wallg@ae
4010; Wight Ill. t.92; W.& A. Prodr. 318; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt.
I, 610; Brandis For. Fl. 220; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 459 ;
Q. villosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 426; Spreng. Syst. II, 331; DC. Prodr.
ITI, 23. Q. glabra, Burm. FI. Ind. t. 28. Q. pubesecens, Burm. F].. Ind.
t. 35. Q. ebracteata, Beauv. Fl. Owar. t. 35. Q. Loureiri, G. Don Gen.
Syst. II, 667. Q. sinensis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. N.S. Vol. XXX, t. 15.
Q. longiflora, Pres] Epimel. 216. Quisqualis sp., Griff. Notul. IV, 683.
Rumph. Herb. Amboin. V, t. 38..
Mauacca, and.probably truly wild; in the other provinces often
cultivated as a garden plant. Distris. Burma.
6. ILLIGERA, Blume.
Scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petioled, with three entire
petioluled leaflets. Flowers in elongate lax peduncled cymes; brac-
teoles 1-3 at the base of each flower. Oalyz-tube shortly constricted
above the ovary; limb of 5 valvate oblong deciduous lobes. Petals 5,
valvate, oblong, alternate with and as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens
5, epigynous, filament near the base carrying on each side a staminode ;
anthers dehiscing by lateral valves. Ovary 1-celled ; style, 1, filiform,
1897.| G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 343..
ending in a dilated undulate sinuate stigma; ovule 1, pendulous from
the apex of thecell. Fruit broadly 2-4-winged (2-winged in the
known Indian species), the wings veined. Seed with plano-convex (not
convoluted) cotyledons. Distris. Species about 7, extending from
Khasia to Singapore, Malaya and the Philippines; and one aberrant
species in Angola having 5 leaflets.
Main nerves of leaves 2 or 3 pairs, oblique... .. 1. DL. appendiculata.
Main nerves of leaves 12-14 pairs, horizontal... ove 2. DT. needa.
1. JLLIGERA APPENDICULATA, Blume Bijdr. 1153; Nov. fam. exp.
p. 14. A powerful climber 40-80 feet long; young branches slender,
tawny-pubescent, soon becoming glabrous, striate when dry. Common
petiole about 3 in. long, with an annular swelling at the base, glabrous
or glabrescent. Leaflets thinly membranous, very variable in shape,
often oblique, oblong, elliptic to sub-rotund, the apex shortly acuminate
acute or sub-acute; the base cuneate or rounded, sometimes unequal-
sided ; upper surface usually glabrous ; the lower very minutely lepidote,
glabrous or pubescent all over or only on the 2 or 3 pairs of oblique
indistinct main nerves; length 3-5°5 in., breadth 1°75-4 in., petioles
2-6 in. Panicles pendulous, very lax, 9-15 in. long, glabrous below
but usually pubescent towards the extremities, the branches cymose.
Flowers ‘2-35 in. in diam., on pubescent pedicels shorter than them-
selves. Calyx puberulous. Petals lanceolate, narrower than the lobes
of the calyx, their midribs thick. Stamens curved inwards, longer
than the staminodes when unfolded. Fruit narrowly oblong, taper-
ing at the ends, 4-angled, minutely tomentose, 1-1:25 in. long, two
of its margins produced into broadly oblong obtuse horizontally striate
puberulous leathery wings 1°25 in. or more in width. DC. Prodr. XV,
pt. 1, 251; Kurz For, Flora Burma, I, 469. I. Coryzadenia, Meissn.
DC. Prodr. XV, Pt. I, 251; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 460;
Coryzadenia trifoliata, Griff. Notule, 1V, 356.
Common in Perak and the AnpAmaNn Isianps, and probably to be
found in all the other Provinces. Disrris. British India, in Burma
and Assam.
Variable in the shape and pubescence of the leaflets, the under surfaces of some
being rather densely pubescent, while others are almost quite glabrous. For a form
of the latter sort, the under surfaces of which are moreover somewhat glaucous,
Kurz suggested the varietal name pubescens. Individual plants vary also as to the
size of their flowers. The following, which I treat as a variety, was made a species
by Clarke in Hooker’s Flora of British India.
Var. Kurzii, leaves glabrous, not lepidote, very coriaceous, the
margin recurved and thickened. J. Kurzit, Clarke 1. c.
Matacca; Maingay 650, 649.
344 G. King — Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,
2. Ittigera LucipA, Teysm. & Binn. Nat, Tijds. Ned. Ind.
XXVITI, 29. A slender climber ; young shoots puberulous, angled when
dry. Common petiole *75-2 in. long, glabrous. Jieaflets membranous,
oblong or elliptic-oblong, often oblique, the apex shortly and bluntly
acuminate; the base rounded and usually minutely cordate; both
surfaces glabrous and shining; the lower reticulate; main nerves 12-14
pairs, horizontal, interarching far from the edge, slightly prominent
on the lower surface, obsolete on the upper; length 3-5 in., breadth
1*25-2°25 in., petiole ‘15-3 in, Panicles axillary and terminal, very
lax ; the ultimate branches sparse, few-flowered. Flowers ‘3 iu. in diam.,
on thin puberulous pedicels. Calyz-lobes oblong, sub-acute, glabrous
except for a patch of white hairs at the base in front. Petals about as
long as the calyx-lobes but much narrower, villous at the base.
Stamens shorter than the petals, the anthers large, the filaments villous
in the lower half. Fruit (fide T. & B.) 4-winged, two of the wings
larger than the other two, glabrous, about 1 in. long. Mig. FI. Ind.
Bat, Vol. I, pt. I, 1094,
Perak; Scortechint 1610, Curtis 3182. Disrris. Java.
This differs from I. appendiculata, Bl. in having narrower leaflets, with much -
shorter petioles and more numerous nerves which are quite horizontal. The leaves
are moreover quite glabrous and shining. The Perak specimens from which the
above description has been taken agree absolutely with type specimens of I. lucida
received at the Calcutta Herbarium from the Buitenzorg Botanic Garden.
7. Gyrocarpus, Jacq.
A tall tree. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, large, entire or lobed,
clustered towards the ends of the branches. Flowers small, unisexual,
very numerous, clustered in large branched cymes without bracts.
Male flowers very numerous; calyx 4-7-partite; petuls 0; stamens 4-7,
inserted at the base of the calyx with as many alternate clavate glands ;
anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by valves; ovary 0. Female or herma-
phrodite flowers few; calyx-tube adherent to the ovary, limb 2-partite>
persistent, enlarging in fruit; petals and stamens 0; ovary 1-celled ;
style 0, stigma sessile; ovule solitary, pendulous from the apex of the
cell. Nut bony, crowned by the elongate spathulate coriaceous calyx-
lobes. Seed with convolute cotyledons. A single species.
GyROCARPUS AMERICANUS, Jacq. Select. Am. 282. t. 178. Young
branches stout, glabrous. Leaves membranous, broadly rotund-oyate,
acuminate, the base broad and sometimes sub-cordate; the base usually
5-nerved, the midrib with about 3 pairs of main neryes; length 45-6 in.,
breadth 4 or 5 in., petiole 3-5:5. Fruit sub-globular, about 1 in. in
diam., minutely pubescent; the wing narrowly spathulate, ‘3 in. long.
G. Jacquinii, Gaertn. Fruct. II, 92; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 11, Cor. PI. t.
1897.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 345
1; Fl. Ind. J, 445; Lamk. Tl. t. 850; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t.196; Kurz For.
FI]. Brit. Burma J, 470; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br..Ind. IJ, 461. G4.
asiaticus, Willd. Sp. Pl. IV, 982; Wall. Cat. 968; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Ff,
pt. I, 978; DC. Prodr. XV, pt. I, 248. G. acuminatus, Meissn. in DC.
Prodr. XV, pt. I, 248. G. sphenopterus and G. rugosus, R. Br. Prodr.
405. |
On the Sea-Coast in all the provinces. Dzustris. Tropics generally.
The anthers of this species are two-celled and dehisce by upward-opening
valves. ‘Those of the genus Hernandia are also 2-celled, but dehisce by valves
which open laterally. In habit and form of leaves Gyrocarpus much resembles
Hernandia; whereas it is quite an aberrant form amongst Combretacex, as is also
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JOURNAL
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
acho
Vol, LXVI. Part II—NATURAL SCIENCE.
No. II.—1897.
Novicie Indice XV. Some additional Leguminose.—By D. Pratn.
[Read February 3rd, 1897. ]
The present paper contains descriptions of species that are new to
India in the sense that they are not included in the account of this Order
prepared in 1876 by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.r.s., the distinguished Keeper
of the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, for Sir Joseph Hooker’s Flora
of British India, Vol. Il. Some of the species are new to science or at
all events are not to be traced in any of the works in the library of the
Calcutta garden and are not provided with names either in the Calcutta
Herbarium or in that at Kew. Others are species already described
elsewhere but not included in the Flora of British India because they
had not been reported from within the limits of the Indian Empire up
to the time when Mr. Baker’s account of the Leguminose was being
prepared. And in order that these contributions may preserve the
character of being in substance, as well as in form, supplementary to
the Flora, definitions of species of both kinds have been given in the
hope that they may prove helpful to members of our Society who use the
Flora itself in the field.
In the Flora of British India Mr. Baker has indicated points that
were doubtful to him and has urged the attention of Indian botanists
to these points, in the hope that the difficulties may be removed by the
supply of more adequate material. Some of these difficulties it has
been possible from the possession of more recent and more adequate
suites of specimens to satisfactorily settle; naturally, too, the more
ample material at our disposal now, has indicated other difficulties where
J. u 44
348 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
formerly all seemed clear. And in this paper allusion is made to both
these kinds of difficulties, wherever they have been detected.
From the present review the writer regrets to have had to exclude
the large genus Astragalus ; many species belonging to that genus have
been added to the Indian Flora owing to the extension of the Indian
Empire during recent years along its north-western frontier. It is his
hope however to present to the Society at another time a separate review
of the Indian species of Astragalus and of the closely allied genus
Oxytropis, which has also for the present been omitted from considera-
tion. :
1. PIPTANTHUS D. Dov.
1. PrprantHus NEPALENSIS D. Don.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Assam; Khasia; at Lailankote, etc.,
C. B. Clarke! G. Gammie! Jaintea; Prain! Manipur, on a hill north-_
east of Chingsow, Watt! Burma; Chin Hills, C. A. Dun!
2. THERMOPSIS R. Br.
9. THERMOPSIS LANCEOLATA R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 11. 11. 3;
finely downy, leatlets ovate-oblong, corolla yellow, pod narrowly oblong-
linear... DC. Prodr. ii. 99; Ledeb, Flor. Ali. u. 112; Flor. Hoss. 1.500;
Sophora lupinoides Linn. Sp. Pl. 374,
Eastern Temperate Himataya; Phari; King’s Collectors! Distrip.
Siberia, China.
General habit of the other Himalayan species. Rootstock woody. Leaves
petioled, petioles short 5-4 in., leaflets glabrous above, downy below, 1 in. long,
1 in across, apex obtuse base cuneate. Stipules like leaflets and almost as large.
Flowers verticillate 3-nate, stalks 3—j in. Caly# finely downy, the three lower
teeth hardly as long as tube. Pod distinctly stalked, 6-8-seeded, thin, flat, 2} in.
long, 3 in. across from suture to suture.
An extremely interesting addition to the Himalayan Flora. In general appear-
ance it much resembles the other species but is easily distinguished by its long
narrow pods and its petioled leaves.
4. ARGYROLOBIUM Ecxu. & Zryu.
2. ARGYROLOBIUM ROSEUM Jaub. & Spach.
This species is said in F. B. I. to be ‘nearly or quite glabrous’ with leaflets truncate
or emarginate and with corollas yellow tinged with red. The result has been that
this species has been frequently sent to Calcutta, after comparison with the F. B. I.
description, with the suggestion that it is either a new species or the one next to
be described. Sometimes, but very rarely, itis nearly glabrous and occasionally
all the leaflets are truncate or emarginate: much more usnally, however, the
leaflets are mucronate. The flowers are “rose” (Jacquemont) or ‘ purplish’?
1897. ] D. Prain— Seme additional Leguminose. 349
(A. O. Hume); “there is no trace of yellow” (Collett) ; the colour of the next
species has been attributed in the F. B. I. to this one.
3. ARGYROLOBIUM TRIGONELLOIDES Jawb. § Spach. in Ann. Sc. Nat.
ser. il. xix, 50; end leaflet obovate-cuneate, obtuse, emarginate, truncate
or mucronulate, calyx-teeth lanceolate all subequal, upper lip 2-partite.
Jaub. § Spach. Ic. t. 60; Boiss. Flor. Orient. 11. 33.
British Bevucuistan ; Nal, Duke! Distris. Persia.
Hardly distinguishable in the herbarium from A. rosewm of which it has the
habit and foliage. The pods however are shorter, flatter, and few seeded; 3 in.
long {5 in. broad 3-6-seeded, strigose; the flowers are yellow, with a tinge of
purple, and the upper lip of the calyx in place of being only 2-fid as in A. roseum
is 2-partite almost to the base.
8. CROTALARIA Linn.
6. CROTALARIA TRICHOPHORA Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Bernar; Kurz!
8. CroraLaRia vestTiTa Bak.
This species is common on the Western Ghauts, as at Khandalla
and Mahableshwar.
9. CROTALARIA PROSTRATA Rozwb.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Upper Burma; Sandow Hill,
Prazer !
10. CROTALARIA HUMIFUSA Grah.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Naca Hints; Kohima, Clurke !
Upper Burma; Nat-toung Mts. Cross !
1]. CROTALARIA FERRUGINEA Grah.
Add to distrib. :—Yunnan (Anderson !)
12. CROTALARIA ACICULARIS Ham.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Manpras Pruesy.; Ganjam, frequent,
Gamble! Anamallays, Beddome !
14. Croranaria HirsurA Willd.
Add to localities of #. B. I.:—Burma; South Shan States, King’s
Collectors !
16. CROTALARIA MULTIFLORA Bth.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Anamallay Mts., Beddome /
17. Croranaria aLata Ham. i
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Matay Peninsuta; Singapore,
Hullett ! Ridley !
18b. Croranarta Contetti Prain; diffuse, stipular wing broad,
leaves small orbicular obtuse coriaceous, peduncle elongated leafy, pod
distinctly stalked. C. alata Coll. § Lfemsl, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxviii.
37 (1890) not of Ham.
Urrer Burma; Popah Hill, 5(00 feet, Collett !
350 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
A spreading shrub with stems 6-12 in. long densely grey velvety. Leaves
sessile orbicular } in. across densely velvety especially beneath, stipules forming a
broad wing for the whole extent of an internode, their points lanceolate-deltoid.
Racemes 2-3-fid. and flowers often solitary, bracts small persistent ovate-acuminate.
Calyx } in. densely silky, tube campanulate. Pod oblong 1 in. long, glabrous, its
stalk + in., 20-80-seeded. ’
This plant, which has exactly the facies of Crotalaria scabrella W. & A.
differs from that Southern Indian plant in having peduncles and stipular wings
exactly like those of C. alata. On this account Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley
unite it with C. alata, which they can find no character to distinguish as a species
from C. rubiginosa Willd. the plant to which Mr. Baker has referred C. scabrella.
With this view the author cannot altogether agree though it is true that if we
accept the treatment of the remaining forms in the Flora of British India
it is logically necessary. After an examination, however, of 20 specimens, (seven
gatherings), of Crotalaria rubiginosa and ‘of 34 specimens, (ten gatherings), of
Crotalaria. scabrella the writer is convinced that the union of the two as varieties
of one species, except on the comprehensive principle advocated by Collett and
Hemsley which would recognise but one species with wing-like stipules, cannot
be sustained. There are no intermediates between the two plants which, though
not dissimilar in size, differ in habit, tomentum, shape and venation of leaves, size
and shape of stipules, and above all in size and shape of pods—those of C. rwbiginosa
being 3 shorter and nearly 4 narrower than those of C. scabrella and being quite
sessile while those of C. scabrella are stalked. As this character alone will quite
sufficiently enable members to distinguish the two species in the field a detailed
description of C. scabrella is not here given. It is otherwise however with C.
Wightiana, also reduced by Mr. Baker to C. rubiginosa, which differs so widely that
it is essential, in restoring it to the specific rank that it deserves, to provide a
description.
18c. CroraLaria Wicuitana Grah. in Wall. Cat. n. 5358; tall
erect branched, stipular wing broad triangular-ovate much expanded
at apex; leaves thin elliptic-obovate obtuse mucronate, peduncles usually
very long, pod long-stalked. W. § A. Prodr.i. 181. C. rubiginosa
var. Wightiana Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 69.
Souru Inpia; Dindygul Hills, Wight (Cat. n. 693! Wall. Cat. n.
5308! Kew Dist. n. 587!) Coonoor, 6000 feet elev., Gamble n. 13256!
Cuyton; Kandy, Thwaites! Watson! Pedrotalla, 7. Lhomson !
A shrub, 3-4 feet high, fastigiately branched. Stem and leaves beneath closely
adpressed rusty-tomentose. Leaves very short-petioled 2 in. long, 1°75 in. across,
stipule 4 in. wide or more at top forming a wing for whole length of internode.
tacemes 2-5-fld., bracts large persistent ovate-ucute. Calyx % in. densely silky,
tube short campanulate bracteoles inserted above the base, teeth lanceolate. Corolla
pale-yellow slightly exserted, standard 1 in, long. Pod oblong, glabrous 2 in. long
(including stalk 4 in.) 3 in. diam., 30-40-seeded.
A very distinct species.
22. CROYALARIA TRIQUETRA Dalz.
Add to localities of 2. B. I.:—Raspurana; Mt, Abu, common,
King!
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose, 351
23. CROTALARIA ALBIDA Heyne.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—Matay Pentnsuta; Selangor, Ridley !
Also add the following variety :—
Var. inopinata; leaves rigid linear acute densely silky beneath,
calyx densely silky. C. inopinata Prain MSS.
Suan Hints; Yindaw, King’s Collector !
This plant has exactly the calyx-teeth and precisely the pod of C. albsda of
which it moreover has quite the habit. The foliage and tomentum are however very
dissimilar. The corollas on our specimens are not in a fit state for examination,
and it seems better to place the plant for the time being under C. albida, though it
is more likely that it will be found specifically distinct.
24. CROTALARIA NANA Burm.
Var. typica; leaves oblong, broader upwards, obtuse; flowers few
on lateral pedicels.
Var. umbellata; leaves oblong, acute; flowers many in terminal
umbels. C.umbellata Wight in Wall. Cat. n. 5383. °
West and Sovura Inpra; Dindygul Hills, Wight! Nediwattam,
Gamble! Canara, Tulbot ! Mahableshwar, Cooke !
A very distinct plant perhaps deserving the specific rank claimed for it by
Wight.
Var. patula Baker. C. patula Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5371.
Has also been collected, in a ‘ wild’ condition, in Hort. Bot. Calcutta, doubtless
having been introduced accidentally from Burma. Probably also quite a distinot
Species.
27. CROTALARIA occuULTA Grah.
Add to synonyms :—C. Stacyana Wall. in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc.
Calcutta vii. 228 (1830).
Add to localities :—Naeéa Hitts ; Kohima, common, Prain !
28. CroraLaria catycina Schrank.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Cuirracone, Upper Burma and Suan
HILLs ; common.
29. CROTALARIA SESSILIFLORA Linn.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Nicopars; Kamorta, Kurz! (C.
calycina Kurz, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xlv. pt. 2.147. not of Schrank).
Add to distrib. :—Java.
29b. CROTALARIA BURMANICA Coll. § Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soe.
xxvill. 38; annual or perennial, laxly silky with long hairs; leaves
narrowly oblong-lanceolate or the uppermost almost linear ; flowers in
elongated terminal racemes, with a number of empty tracts disposed
along the stem between highest leaf and lowest flower, calyx middle-
sized laxly clothed with spreading silky hairs, teeth oblong two upper
rather broader ; pod unknown.
Urrer, Burma; Shan Hills, at Pwehla, 4000 feet elev., Collett !
352 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No, 2
Stems over 2 feet high apparently simple. Leaves herbaceous, shortly petioled
1-1} in. long, acute or sub-acute hirsute on both faces but especially beneath ;
stipules minute subulate. Racemes 10-15-fld. about 3 in. long, separated by an
interval of equal length bearing only barren bracts from the leafy stem, bracts long
setaceous persistent. Calyx 4 in. long, tube short campanulate. Corolla $ in. long.
Ovary sessile oblong glabrous many-ovuled.
That this species is nearly related to C. sessiliflora, as remarked by Genl.
Collett and Mr. Hemsley, is evident ; it however differs very markedly in having the
upper surface of its leaves hirsute, and in having a space with only barren bracts in-
tervening between leaves and flowers. In some respects its is allied to C. chinensis
but differs in having many-fld. elongated racemes and in being unbranched. Till,
however, it is known whether its pod is included or exerted its exact position cannot
be determined.
30. CROTALARIA CHINENSIS Linn. .
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Matay Penrtnsuta; Perak, Wray !
33. CROTALARIA CAPITATA Grah.
Add to localities of F'. B. I.:—Manipur; Chingsow, Watt! Upper
Burma; Maymyo, Iing’s Collector! Saiktha, er azer ! South Shan Hills,
King’s Collectors !
345. CROTALARIA PERPUSILLA Coll. §& Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc.
xxviii, 37; diffuse laxly silky, stems and branches prostrate slender,
leafy ; leaves very small ovate-rotund, flowers few in lax terminal heads,
calyx small densely villous, teeth all lanceolate the two upper rather
the longer and wider, pod oblong (immature) hardly exserted.
Upper Burma; Shan Hills at Koni, 4000 feet elev., Collett !
A slender procumbent branched annual or perennial, branches 6 in. long or less,
densely clothed with adpressed brownish hairs. Leaves short petioled rather close-
set thinly herbaceous, $ in. long + in. wide, numerous, clothed on both surfaces with
long spreading. white hairs and minutely punctate; stipules 0. Racemes sub-capi-
tate, 2-5-fld., flowers shortly pedicelled; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate persistent.
Calyx 4 in. tube campanulate the two upper teeth sub-obtuse. Corolla } in. long,
purple, slightly exserted. Pod sessile glabrous, hardly exerted (unripe), few-seeded.
Associated by Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley with C. pusilla and C. hirta;
appears to the writer to be most nearly related to C. priestleyoides.
36. CROTALARIA NERIIFOLIA Wall.
Add to description of #. B. L.:—
Pod \%-2+ in. long, narrowly oblong, thick-walled, glabrous, gyno-
phore } in.
40. Croranarta assamica Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Uprer Burma; Poneshee, Anderson!
Chin Hills, King’s Collector! Shan States, Manders! King’s Collectors !
67b. Croravaria uncineLLA Lamk., Encyc. Meth., ii. 200 (1790) ;
shrubby, branches long, woody, spreading, slender, flexuous, slightly
hirsute as are the leaflets beneath, leaflets rather large elliptic-obtuse
entire; racemes many-flowered, corolla twice as long as calyx. Lamk.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 353
Tl. t. 617 f. 2. C. elliptica Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. in. 279 ;
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 580; Flor. Hong-Kong. 75; Forbes &§
Hemsl. Ind. Sinens. i. 151. C. Vachellii Hook. S Arn. Bot. Beechy Voy.
180; Walp. Rep. i. 588.
ibatay Preninsuta; Pahang, Ridley! Malacca, Derry ! Goodenough !
An almost stemless undershrub with several almost procumbent spreading
branches, 1-2 feet long. Leaflets glabrous above, sub-equal or often the terminal
rather larger than the other two, 1-1} in. long, }-? in, broad ; petioles about 1 in. ;
stipules small acute rigid recurved glabrous above, hirsute beneath. Racemes lateral
and terminal, 2 in. long, 20—25-fld., flowers close-set, bracts small recurved ovate-
acuminate. Calyx hirsute, teeth lanceolate + in. long. Corolla 4 in. yellow, far
exserted, glabrous. Pod } in., style sharply hooked, closely adpressed-pubescent,
2-seeded.
First described, from communicated specimens, by Lamarck as a native of
Mauritius; again and independently, from introduced specimens, by Roxburgh, as a
native of China; refused a place in the Indian Flora by Wight and Arnott and by
Baker; now, having been sent from the Malay Peninsula, requiring to be formally
added to the Indian list.
70. CrotaLaria IncANA Linn.
No doubt naturalized only; to the localities of #. B. IT. must now
be added Chittagong, King’s Collectors! and Penang, Curtis !
73. Crotatarta Sattiana Andr, Bot. Rep. t. 648 (1811).
This name is given as a synonym in F. B. I. It is however older than the name
C. striata DC., which is more usually employed; having been adopted in the Kew
Index it is necessary to use thesname C. Saltiana in the F. B. I. also.
At the same time it has to be pointed out that some of the synonyms of the
F. B. I. do not belong here. Crotalaria latifolia Roxb. ex Wight and Arnott, Prodr.
i. 180, of which an authentic specimen exists in Herb. Calcutta, is not the same as
C. Saltiana Andr. (C. striata DC.) It is however, the same as C. Brownei Bertero
in DO. Prodr. ii. 130. But unfortunately, it is also the same as C. lanceolata Roxb.
_ Hort. Beng. 54 and as that is the older name doubtless some bibliographers will say
that it must be employed to designate the plant. But as this would involve the
further displacement of Meyer’s C. lanceolata, a name given with good reason to a
South African species, it seems more in accordance with common sense to retain for
the plant in question the name given to it by Bertero. Though named first in the
Calcutta Garden the plant is a native of the West Indies and might therefore be left
unnoticed, especially as it is no longer in cultivation in the Calcutta Garden, but for
the fact that it turns out to have escaped, and become apparently as throughly
naturalized as C. incana, in Chittagong.
73b. CrotaLaRIA Brownel Bertero, DC. Prodr. ii. 180; shrubby,
faintly silky, leaflets large oblong acute, racemes terminal and lateral
elongated, bracts minute setaceous, corolla much exserted, pod sessile
glabrous cylindric. C. lanceolata Roxb. Hort. Beng, 54 (nomen prius )
not of Mey.; W. & A. Prodr. i. 180. OC. latifolia Roxb. ex Wall. MSS.
in Hort. Calc.; W. & A. Prodr. i. 180.
CHITTAGONG ; naturalized, King’s Collector ! Native of West Indies.
354 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
An erect shrub 3-6 feet high with robust sulcate stem and branches. Stipules
minute setaceous, deciduous, petiole 2 in., leaflets 3-5 in. long, narrowed at both
ends, glabrous above, obscurely silky below. Racemes 20-30-fld., 4-6 in. long,
flowers close-set, much like those of C. Saltiana; pods also similar but somewhat
more turgid and without appreciable stalk.
Exceedingly closely related to the Indian and African @. Saltiana but easily
distinguished by its much shorter racemes with closely packed flowers and by its
totally differenf foliage. The leaves of this species are exactly like those of
C. bracteata, for which species, in the absence of fruits, this is apt to be mistaken,
After an examination of 75 specimens of 29 different gatherings of the common
C. Saltiana the writer finds that from such various localities as Sikkim, Western
India, Ceylon, Bengal, Assam, Burma, Siam, Perak, Penang, Malacca, Singapore
and Java, the species shows no tendency to vary; it never has any but obtuse leaflets
and in no instance is even the larger terminal leaflet more than 23 in. long.
75. CROTALARIA QUINQUEFOLIA Linn.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Matay Preninsota; Kedah, Kunstler /
Singapore, Hullett !
10. TRIFOLIUM Liyy.
1*. TriroLtium puBium Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 231; trailing, peduncles
very slender elongated naked, flowers yellow, very small. T. minus
Relhan, Fl. Cantab. ed. 2. 290; Smith, Engl. Flor. i. 310. T. filiforme
Smith, Flor. Brit. 1. 792 vix Linn.
Hiataya ; Simla, Gamble! Collett! Darjeeling; Jallapahar, King !
Niverris; Ootacamund, Schmidt! Wight! Clarke! King! Distretr.
Europe.
Annual, stems 10-20 in. and leaves nearly glabrons. Leaflets truncate or
notched, finely toothed ; petiole short slender. Heads 4~-20-fid., very small, flowers
small turning ultimately brown. Calyx campanulate ; pod obovoid.
This is so completely naturalised in the neighbourhood of hill-stations both in
South and in North India that it must now be given a place in the Indian Flora.
12. TRIGONELLA Liyy.
1, TriconeLitaA occuLTA Delile.
Add to localities of Ff. B. I.:—Rasputana; Marwar, King! Crnt1.
Inpia ; Jerdon!
4, TRIGONELLA HAMOSA Linn.
No doubt Indian : localities of specimens in Herb. Calcutta are :—
Upper Gancetic Prain; Gohanee, A. O. Hume! near Htawah,
Duthie n. 4594! Cantu. Inpia; Jerdon! King! Raspurana; Jodhpur,
King!
13. MELILOTUS Juss,
1. Mettitorus 1npica All. Flor. Ped. i. 308.
This being the older name must be substituted for the name M. parviflora,
1897. ] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 355.
15. LOTUS Livy.
1. Lorus cornicuntatus Linn.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—
TENASSERIM ; on Taepo, at 5000 feet elev., Gallatly n. 836!
A very curious extension of distribution, seeing that the species has not yet
been reported from Upper Burma or from the Himalayas east of Nepal.
17. .INDIGOFERA Linvy.
2. INDIGOFHRA LINIFOLIA Retz.
Add to localities :—Urrrr Burma; Dr. King’s Collectors !
4b. INDIGOFERA SQUALIDA.Prain ; suffruticose, sparsely adpressed-
pubescent, leaves subsessile ovate-lanceolate acute, flowers 12-18, in
small sessile congested axillary racemes, pod straight tetragonous about
8-seeded, not torulose.
Upper Burma; Koni, King’s Collector! Fort Stedman, King’s Col-
lector !
An undershrub 13-3 feet high, branching near base only, persistently ‘sparsely
adpressed grey-pubescent. Stipules linear-subulate; petiole O~'2 in. long, lamina
chartaceous 2 in. long, °75 in. across. Racemes *3-5 in., rather longer in fruit.
Calyx >; in. white-pubescent, teeth long setaceous. Corolla purple, twice the calyx.
Pod deflexed, °75-1 in. long, the valves slightly adpressed-puberulous.
To leaves that, but for being sessile or nearly so, considerably resemble those of
I. Brunoniana this species adds the habit, and practically the inflorescence and pods
of the otherwise very different J. trifoliata.
5. INDIGOFERA CALONEURA Kurz.
Add to localities:—Suan Hints; Lwekaw, 4000 feet, Collett 706!
TENAsSSERIM ; Taepo, 5000 feet, Gallatly 714!
6. InpIGOFERA BRUNONIANA Grah.
Recent gatherings of this species in Upper Burma show that it is as usual for
' the leaves to be 3-foliolate as to be simple. The species thus connects I. caloneura,
which seems always to be 1-foliolate, with the next species.
6b. INDIGOFERA BELLA Prain; shrubby, leaves odd-pinnate, leaflets
7-9 large, ovate-acute, stipules deciduous, racemes close-flowered rather
large, peduncled, individual flowers short-pedicelled, pods cylindric
many-seeded with somewhat thickened sutures and a very sharp abruptly
upturned beak.
_ Urrrr Burma; Myingin Hills, Prazer! Kalay Hills, Prazer! Pegu,
Kurz!
A shrub 8-12 feet high ; branches long virgate slender slightly 4-angled. Leaflets
quite glabrous above, very sparsely puberulous and very glaucous beneath, 3 in. long,
1-75 iu. wide, rather conspicuously veined beneath ; stipules deciduons, stipels setaceous
sub-persistent, leaf-rachis 4-5 in. long, petiolules °2in, Racemes up to 8 in. long,
copious. Calyx campanulate 4 in., teeth short deltoid. Corolla white ‘6 in. long,
standard thinly pubescent. Pod 2 in, long, glabrous, tip very abruptly recurved,
J. u 45
356 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
A handsome and striking species; apparently nearly related toa Central
Chinese plant (Henry n. 3865).
8. INDIGOFERA TRIGONELLOIDES Jaub. & Spach.
Add to localities :—Pangas; Amritsar, 7. Anderson n. 123!
19d. InpicoreRA constricta Trimen Oat. Ceyl. Pl. 23; shrubby,
branches and membranous leaves thinly clothed with adpressed grey
hairs ; leaflets 9-11 oblong-oval the side ones opposite, racemes elon-
gated, pod long recurved, 3-7-seeded, constricted between the seeds.
Trimen Handbook Fl. Ceyl. pt. ii. 27. Indigofera flaccida var. con-
stricta Thw. Hnum. 411; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 99 (sub I. tinctoria.)
Western Inp1a; Canara, on Wuddee Ghat and on Nilkhund Ghat,
Talbot nn. 320! 788! Cervton; Motale Hast, Thwattes n. 3811 !
A shrub 3-4 feet high, branches few virgate cylindric. Leaflets thin, glabrescent
above, finely hairy on both surfaces, especially beneath. Flowers numerous, racemes
about as long asleaves. Calyx silky, tube campanulate, teeth short triangular acute.
Pod 1} in., slightly recurved and 4-angled, pointed and much constricted between
the seeds, sparingly silky. !
This has been compared by Mr. Baker and by Dr. Trimen with I. tinctoria;
in the writer’s opinion the original comparison by Dr. Thwaites with I. flaccida
(I. subulata) more truly indicates its natural affinities. It has quite the habit
and appearance of I. subulata and is much less like I. tinctoriain facies. The F. B, I.
compares I. subulata with I. trita but, so far as Calcutta specimens go, and we have
22 different gatherings of that species, all very uniform, the resemblance is far from
striking; I. trita is always a much more rigid shrub than any of the three men-
tioned; I. swbulata indeed is subscandent.
Both I. subulata and I. marginulata are described by Mr. Baker (the former by
Dr. Trimen also), as having leaves with 5 leaflets; Mr. Baker qualifies the
statement further on by saying leaflets ‘‘always 5 on the leaves of the main
branches.” In specimens collected by Dr. Wight (Wall. Cat. 5475 and Wight, K.D.
667), almost all the leaves have 5 leaflets; also in specimens obtained by Mr. Gamble
in the Anamallai Hills (Gamble n. 14592). In the only specimen of Dr. Roxburgh’s
collecting at Calcutta (from Golconda) and in Ceylon specimens (Thwaites n. 1460,
Beckett n. 2378), the majority of the leaves have 7 leaflets.
Dr. Trimen describes I. constricta as having 9 leaflets. This istrue of Thwaites
n. 3811 and Talbot n. 788 but in Talbot n. 320 as many of the leaves have 11 leaflets
as have 9.
25. INDIGOFERA HinsuTa Linn.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Srnaarore; Hullett !
28. INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA Linn.
As Mr. Kurz has pointed out (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. p. 269) Indigofera
Anil is a very common wild or semi-wild species in Burma. It has now similarly
found its way into the Andamans and become quite naturalised. Specimens from
India are very rare. Mr. Kurz proposes that I. Anil should be looked on as a
variety of I. tinctoria, a proposal for which there is much to be said. But Mr.
Kurz’s further belief that the Indigofera argentea var. coerulea of the F. B. I. should
also be referred here seems quite untenable; that plantis, without any doubt, a form,
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 357
hardly even a variety, of the extremely distinct I. argentea Linn.—the species
known as “Nil” in Rajputana. The “Nil” of most other parts of India—the Indigo
plant (I. tinctoria)—is on the other hand known in Rajputana as “ Jin-gini,” all the
use made of it being that its seeds are sometimes eaten during periods of scarcity.
If the form referred to by Mr. Baker must be treated as a variety it would perhaps
be better to substitute the name vaR. brachycarpa or VAR. retusa for the name VAR.
coerulea; it happens that Dr. Roxburgh’s I. coerula is exactly =I. argentea Linn. and
is not quite=I. retusa Grah. or I. tinctoria VaR. brachycarpa DC., both of these being
exactly Mr. Baker’s plant.
29. InpicornrRA WiGcuHTu Grah.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—Ternasserim; Endine-ghor, 1000
feet elev., Gallatly ! |
30. INDIGOFERA CYLINDRACEA Girah.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Naca Hitts; Pulinabadza, 7500 feet
elev., Prain!
3]. Inpicorzra Leptrostacuya DO. ?
Add to localities of F'. B. I.:—Uprer Burma; Maymyo and Lwekaw,
Dr. King’s Collectors !
32. INDIGOFSRA ATROPURPUREA Ham.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Naca Hitts; Mao, Clarke! Uprver
Burma; Bhamo and Maymyo, King’s Collectors! Shan Hills, King’s
Collectors! Karen Hills, O'Reilly! Disrris. Yunnan, at Momien (J.
Anderson),
38. InpicorpRa posua Ham. var. TOMENTOSA Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Uprrer Burma; Shan Hills, common.
18. PSORALEA Linn.
1. PsoRALEA corYLIroLia Linn.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—
Burma; Paghanmyo, Wallich! Poneshee, Anderson! Meiktila,
Collett! Shan States, very common, King’s Collectors !
In Burma the corolla is sometimes yellow, much more often it is reported as
‘blue’ or ‘ purple ;’ in India also it is more often quoted as ‘ blue’ (Gamble) or ‘ white
with carina purple-tipped’ (Hooker and Thomson) than ‘yellow.’ The plant often
reaches 5-6 feet in height.
1b. Psoratea DRUPACEA Bunge, Pl, Lehmann., 249; herbaceous,
leaves simple, racemes elongated, pod villous. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 11. 187.
Nortu-West Himataya; Gilgit, Giles! Disrris. N. Persia, Tur-
kestan.
An erect annual 3-4 feet high. Branches firm, striated, villous. Leaves
distinctly petioled roundish widely serrate, harsh, conspicuously dotted ; petiole
villous, blades glabrescent. Flowers 25-50 in elongated lax racemes. Calyx sub-
sessile villous 3 in. long; teeth lanceolate the lowest slightly longest. Corolla
bluish-white distinctly exserted. Pod obovate, densely villous, twice as long as calyx.
358 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
20. MILLETTIA W. & A,
The genus Millettia, here retained because its species are familiar under that
name to residents in the East, does not differ, as Baron von Mueller has shown,
from Wistaria. Unfortunately though Wistaria has become most familiar as the name
of the genus it is by no means the oldest and therefore is not the one that ought to
be employed. As Sir J. D. Hooker and Mr. Jackson show (Index Kewensis vol.
li. p. 1232) there are at least four names with a prior claim to being used. The oldest
of these is Krawnhia (Raf. Med. Rep. N. Y. v. 352 [1808]) and the propriety
of restoring the use of this name seems to be unquestionable. Dr. Otto Kuntze,
however, proposes to employ the name Phaseolodes,—a modification of his own, of
Phaseoloides, a name employed before the time of Linnaeus—to indicate the genus.
To this the writer cannot agree, because of the inadvisability of employing an.
adjective, even when a wrong spelling is adopted, as the name of a genus.
1b. MELELETTIA PUERARIOIDES rain; leaflets 5-7 membranous
narrowly. elliptic-oblong exstipellate densely silky beneath, standard
densely silky on back, stamens monodelphous, pod glabrescent. Maillet-
tia sericea Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, 275; For. Flor. i. 353
not of W. & A. Kraunhia puerarioides Prain MSS.
TenasseRim ; Choungya, 4000 ft., Gallatly n. 531! Prev; Tonkyeghat,
Nakawachoung, Kurz n. 1765! Upper Burma; Poneshee, J. Anderson!
A woody climber, the branches glabrous and lenticelled. Leaves 2 feet long;
leaflets 7-10 in. long, narrowed from the middle towards both extremities, the base
cuneate, the apex very long caudate-acuminate, green and glabrous above, densely
grey-silky beneath, the petiolules {-} in. long and the rachis densely brown-tomen-
tose. Racemes lateral a foot long, the lower half naked the upper densely set with
fascicles of pedicellate flowers. Calyx } in., silky, scarcely toothed. Corolla 4 in.,
pale-pink, very silky. Pod (unripe) 2-3 in. long, sparsely coated with adpressed hairs,
becoming ultimately glabrescent.
This is the Burmese plant referred by Mr. Kurz to M. sericea; it is difficult to
decide whether it differs most from that species as to pods, which are narrower and
become, even while young, glabrescent; as to flowers, which are about half the
size ; as to inflorescence, whigh is much longer and narroyer, or as to leaflets which
are densely silky beneath with much longer hairs, which taper gradually into a
very long caudate sharp point instead of being abruptly shortly bluntly cuspidate,
and which are membranous ir place of coriaceous.
Millettia sericea has never been sent to Calcutta from Burma.
4, MILLETTIA PULCHRA Bth.
Var. tomentosa; branchlets and leaf-rachises densely tomentose,
leaflets softly tomentose beneath. Millettia tomentosa Watt MSS. in
Herb. Calcutta.
Assam; Silhet, De Silva (Wall. Cat. 5630 C)! Naga Hills, below
Kohima, 3500 ft., Prain! Manipur, at Laireain, 3000 feet, Watt n.
6,274!
This variety is very different in appearance, owing to its tomentum, from the
typical plant ; its leaflets are also larger.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 359
Colebrooke has written on Wall, Cat. 5630C “ Tephrosia pulchra? ”; it seems
probable that Dr. Watt is right in claiming specific rank for the form. Since, how-
ever, neither DeSilva, Watt nor the writer have collected fruits, and as there is no
difference in flower between this and ‘typical M. pulchra, it seems better, till fruits
are obtained, to treat it only as a variety.
5. Mivrierrra racemosa Benth.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—Millettia leiogyna Kurz, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlii. pt. 2.67. Kraunhia racemosa Prain MSS.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Benar; common, Kurz! Burma;
Pegu, Nagkawa, Kurz! Shan Hills at Toungyi, King’s Collectors !
Tenasserim, Thounghyen, Gallatly !
°
Like most Millettias this is slightly variable, but there is no essential difference
between the Concan plant, and that from Behar and Orissa; the plant from Pegu
and the Shan Hills is exactly like that from Behar, the plant in Tenasserim is
exactly like that in the Concan and in Canara.
7b. Mitverria muurirtora Coll. § Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
41; leaflets 9-13, usually 11, coriaceous, ovate-oblong to rounded, stipel-
late, minutely strigosely hairy on both surfaces, at length glabrous,
standard slightly silky, stamens 2-adelphous, pod sparsely silky
indehiscent. Kraunhia multiflora Prain MSS.
Burma; Shan Hills, Collett n. 553! King’s Collectors !
A tree 30-40 ft. high, young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaflets obtuse 1-15
in. long, apex sometimes acuminate, sometimes rounded or even retuse, always
rather firm, finely reticulated especially beneath; petiolules + in. Flowers in fascicled
racemes, shortly pedicelled. Calyx silky even in fruit. Corolla "7 in. long. Pod
almost woody, straight pointed, uniformly covered with white silky hairs that do
~ not conceal the raised reticulate nervation, 4 in. long, °75 in. across.
This is compared by its authors with M. Brandisiana ; it seems also to have
a marked affinity with M. cana which the writer does not, however, know well, there
being but one example in Herb. Calcutta.
8b. Mintertra Wricutrana Prain; leaflets ovate shortly cuspidate
thickly chartaceous, at first uniformly softly velvety beneath, standard
glabrous on the back, stamens monadelphous, pod flat on the face, woody,
thin, sutures slightly thickened but not winged. Kraunhia Wrightiana
Prain MSS.
Burma; Shan Hills, King’s Collectors !
Leaflets rather rigid. Racemes close simple 4-6 in. long with puberalous rachis.
Pedicels exceeding the calyx, slender, with a linear bracteole at calyx-base. Calyx
% in., puberulous; teeth very short. Corolla 2 in., standard 2-callose at base. Pod
3-4 in. long, ‘5 in. wide.
Most nearly related to M. glaucescens from which it differs chiefly in the thinner
pod not winged along the sutures and not lenticelled along the valves, also in its
smaller bracts and its shorter puberulous rachis. The leaves when old are at times
only pubescent on the nerves as in M, pubinervis, and at times glabrous beneath ag
in MH, glaucescens, |
360 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2
The species is named in honour of Mr. Wright of the Kew Herbarium staff.
9. MILLETTIA PUBINERVIS Kurz.
This is more like an Otosema than a Eumillettia because the standard is 2-cal-
lose; its racemes are not leaf-opposed. Its nearest ally among the species described ©
in the Flora of British India is M. glawcescens Kurz, which also has a 2-callose
standard. These two, with three other species—M. Hemsleyana, M. Wrightiana and
M. decipiens, and with apparently a fourth from Borneo, of which the fruit is
still unknown, and a fifth, M. dehiscens, from Java, constitute an extremely natural
group of forms. This one has recently been obtained again in Tenasserim by
Gallatly, but the fruit is still unknown.
9b. Mitterria Hemsteyana Prain, Journ. As. Soe. Tua: Ixvi. 2. 90;
leaflets narrowly elliptic-obovate or lanceolate-acuminate, glaucous na
softly pubescent ultimately glabrescent beneath except ou main nerves,
stipules large ovate deciduous, standard glabrous on the back, ovary
pubescent, pod narrow thin glabrous, sutures slightly thickened not
winged. Kraunhia Hemsleyana Prain MSS.
Perak; Pulo Kamiri, Wray 3310! 3608!
An erect tree, the young parts puberulous. Leaves 6-8 in. with puberulous
rachis, leaflets 4-5 pairs, 2-3 in. long, chartaceous. Racemes axillary, rachis puberul-
ous, slender, simple, bracts large lanceolate, pedicels capillary pubescent Bigate cs
or fascicled. Calys pale-green tinted with claret, broader than deoghy jo-$ in,
densely pubescent. Corolla white faintly tinged with pink, standard 3 in. long,
2-callose at base. Pod 3-4 in. long, *5 in wide.
This is very closely related to M. pubinervis and seems to be its representative
in Perak. It is however readily distinguished by its large stipules nearly + in
long, and its large bracts.
The species is named in honour of Mr. Hemsley, Principal Assistant, Royal
Herbarium, Kew.
9c. Miuuerria Decipiens Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 90;
leaflets lowest pair broadly ovate the rest elliptic-obovate all obtusely
acuminate, green on both surfaces, with a few sparse hairs on the
midrib beneath; standard densely silky on the back, ovary pubescent,
pod narrow thin gkbrous, sutures not thickened. Kraunhia decipiens
Prain MSS.
Matay PENninsuLa; Perak, Scortechint! Wray! Pahang, Ridley !
A spreading tree 40-50 feet high, 2-3 feet in diam., branches glabrous. Leaves
6-8 in., rachis glabrous, leaflets 4-5 pairs, basal 13 the others 23-3 in. long 1-1} in
across. Racemes slender, axillary, simple, 6-8 in. long; pedicels capillary, puberulous,
solitary or fascicled. Caly« reddish, slightly pubescent. Corolla pink, standard above
4 in. long, 2-callose at base; ovary pubescent, ovules 4.
Very near the preceding but easily distinguished by the silky standard ; also very
near M. glaucescens but further easily distinguished by the different pod. The flower
of this species is, but for its rather smaller size, remarkably like that of Pongamia
glabra and can only be safely distinguished by its ovary having 4 instead of 2
ovules. Another species very closely related to this is the Javanese Millettia
dehiscens (Pongamia dehiscens Koord. & Val., Bijdr. ii. 96) from which this perhaps
only differs as a variety.
a
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminoses. 361
10. Minuerria Monticota Kurz.
This is not a Millettia but a Derris; it is not confined to Burma, but extends
to the Khasia Hills, where it has been collected by Capt. Badgely and by Mr. Mann,
and to the Daphla Hills where it has been obtained by Mr. Lister. It should
therefore be known in the meantime as Derris monticola. But, from the description,
it seems closely related to, and may prove to be the same as, the imperfectly known
Derris seewnda Bak., of which the writer has seen no specimen.
It may be mentioned that, on the other hand, the species described as Derris
microptera by Mr. Bentham has quite dehiscent pods and should be treated rather
as a Millettia than as a Derris. There seems to be little doubt that it is the same as
Derris acuminata Benth., and if so it must to be known as Millettia, or Kraunhia,
acuminata. .
106. MinueTtia macrostacaya Coll. § Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc.
xxviil. 41; leaflets 9-11, membranous, ovate-oblong obtusely acuminate,
stipellate, softly sparsely hairy ultimately glabrescent beneath, standard
sparsely silky on the back; stamens diadelphous; pod flat long narrow
rigidly coriaceous glabrous. Kraunhia macrostachya Prain MSS.
Burma ; Shan Hills, 2000 to 4000 feet, Collett ! King’s Collectors !
A small tree, about 20 feet high, young shoots glabrescent. Leaves 1-1} feet
long, leaflets shortly petiolulate 2-6 in. long, pale-green, glabrous above, sparsely
covered at first with grey pubescence but ultimately glabrous beneath. Racemes
axillary as long as the leaves or longer ; flowers shortly pedicelled. Calyx wide,
sub-2-labiate, the two upper teeth forming a deltoid lip. Corolla rose-coloured,
nearly 1 in. long, externally puberulous; standard rounded. Ovary sessile pubescent.
Pod quite glabrous.
11. Miuvertia pacnycarpa Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Upprser Burma; Poneshee, J. Anderson!
Shan Hills, at Koni, Prazer! Delete from localities of F.B.I. :-—Matacca.
In the Khasia Hills this is known as ‘ Kharina’ and the fruits are used in
poisoning streams to catch fish.
The Malayan plant referred to this species in the F. B. I. has very similar flowers,
leaves and stems. But the leaflets are always smaller and the standard in place of
being glabrous is very silky outside; the plant itself (Grifith n. 1769) is not at
Calcutta but the recent Malayan gatherings identified with it at Kew belong to Derris
elliptica Bth.
126. Muitierria Dorwarpi Coll. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
40 ; leaflets 5 ovate-oblong, cuspidate, coriaceous, stipellate, soon glabres-
cent beneath, standard densely silky on the back, stamens diadelphous.
Burma; Shan Hills at Koni, Collett! Prazer !
An erect tree (Collett n. 773!) or a woody climber (Collett n. 759! Prazer ty
young branches thickish and leaves beneath puberulous soon becoming glabrous.
Leaflets 2-45 in. long, paler beneath, stipels subulate. Racemes in a dense panicle
above the leaves, flowers pedicelled 2-bracteolate. Calyx + in., densely silky, teeth
rounded. Corolla ‘75 in., densely grey-silky. Ovary sessile densely villous; pod
not seen.
362 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Very closely related to M. cinerea; its smaller firmer leaftets and its much
larger buds and flowers give it however, in all stages, a facies of its own.
The authors of the species had, they write, considerable hesitation about giving
specific rank to this plant which they think may perhaps after all be only a variety
of M. cinerea. Dr. King has very kindly examined the specimens with the writer
and likewise agrees in thinking that Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley were justified in
according it specific rank. ltis oftener a climber than a tree; fruits are still
unfortunately wanting.
15. MILLETTIA GLAUCESCENS Kurz.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Sr1xxim; Terai at Panchenai and
Chunbati, Gamble 689! 2240! Manay Peninsuta; Perak, Wray un. 168!
' Ridley! Scortechini ! ;
Both in Sikkim and in Perak this is an erect tree. Its affinities are altogether
with M. pubinervis, M. Hemsleyana, M. Wrightiana, M. dehiscens and M. decipiens,
Like these species it has a 2-callose standard and ought perhaps to be removed from
the section in which it is placed in the F. B. I.
The following key may assist in explaining the relationships of the species
of the group to which M. glaucescens belongs, all the members of which have
exstipellate leaves, and all of which except M. glauwcescens itself have densely
silky ovaries.
Standard pubescent on the back, (flowers pink) :—
Leaflets 5-7, thinly Se Rede beneath,
ovules 2.. ... 1. Millettia (sp. borneensis.)
Leaflets 7-9 with Shy a few soatee hairs on
midrib beneath :—
Ovules 4 we ae .. 2, Millettia decipiens,
Ovules 5 or more. .. 3&8. Millettia dehiscens,
Standard glabrous on the al eae 6) :—
Standard longer than broad, flowers yellowish-
white or white :—
Petals yellowish-white with purple veins, calyx
black-purple, stipulesand bracts small ... 4, Millettia pubinervis.
Petals white flushed with pink, calyx green
tinged with claret, stipules and bracts
large ... eee
Standard as broad as fone flowers blue :—
Pod thin without lenticels, sutures not winged 6. Millettia Wrightiana.
Pod thick woody lenticular, sutures winged ... 7. Millettia glaucescens.
The Bornean species mentioned occurs in Mr. Haviland’s collection from that
island, of which a complete set is present in the Calcutta Herbarium. No fruit has
been collected and as it has only 2 ovules it is not possible to predict with certainty
whether it may prove a Millettia or a second species of Pongamia, though the
probabilities are somewhat against its belonging to the latter genus. In any case
the writer is precluded from employing a distinctive name for the species since
Mr. Haviland has expressly requested that none of his probably new species shall
be named in Herb. Calcutta. The field-ticket of the specimen in question bears
the marks ‘‘c. k. q. g.”
5. Millettia Hemsleyana.
1897, ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 363
18. MitLerrid ERIANTHA Benth.
Add to localities of #. B. I?:—Parax; Wray ! Scortechini! Pawane ;
SInGaporE; Ridley !
22. MiLuprria Extensa Benth.
This species must be deleted from the list. Its foliage, flowers and fruit are
exactly those of Millettia awriculata Bak. If retained as a yariety it can only be
distinguished, and then not in every case, by its rather shorter racemes,
23. MILLETTIA LEIOGYNA Kurz..
This species also must be deleted; it is simply Millettia racemosa Benth.,
differing in no respect from the Indian plant. Roxburgh’s Orissa plant does not in
any way differ from the Concan one. The species is quite as common in Central
India and in Behar as it is in the Concan. In Burma it extends from Tenasserim
to the Shan Platean.
25. MILLETTia cAULIFLORA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 94;
leaflets 13, upper oblong, lower ovate, base somewhat obliquely rounded,
apex long caudate-acuminate ; stipellate ; flowers solitary from small coni-
cal papillae along leafless stem ; pod closely silky-tomentose, not woody.
Larut; Perak, Kunstler n. 2558 !
A shrub 6-8 feet high, with dark lenticelled bark and with short conical flower-
bearing processes in axils of fallen leaves. Leaves clustered at apex of stem;
stipules subulate, caducous ; rachis rusty-puberulous as are the petiolules and the
setaceous persistent stipels; leaflets thin, glabrous on both surfaces, bright-green,
dull beneath with 5-7 pairs of prominent lateral nerves, shining above with nerves
and midrib slightly impressed ; the lowest leaflets 2 in. long, 1°25 in. across, terminal
and upper 2-3 pairs 6 in. long, 2 in. wide. Calyx ‘2 in., glabrescent. Corolla appar-
ently pink. Pod 3-3'5 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, narrowed towards base, slightly recurved,
rigidly coriaceous, closely grey silky-tomentose.
A very distinct species with leaves very like those of Millettia macrophylla
Hook. fil., but with fewer lateral nerves and with a very different inflorescence.
The pods in this species have thinner valves than in any of the other Indian species
except Millettia pulchra which, however, it in no other respect recalls. It is doubtful
if this species belong really to § Otosema ; it resembles much in foliage and habit a
Sumatran species* which has however different pods, exstipellate leaflets, and very
different stipules ; this species (M. stipularis) is an Bumillettia.
* MILLETTIA STIPULARIS Prain; leaflets 17-19, upper oblong, lower ovate, base
rounded, apex rounded abruptly narrowly caudate; exstipellate; flowers in short
racemes from small conical papillae along leafless stem; pod glabrous not woody.
Sumatra; R. Roepit, 300 feet, Forbes n. 2948!
A shrub 8 feet high with ash-grey bark and with short conical raceme-bearing
processes in axils of fallen leaves. Leaves 2 feet long with glabrous rachis, clustered
at apex of stem; stipules very large, obliquely oblong, acute, ‘9 in. long, ‘25 in. wide,
persistent ; leaflets lowest pair 3 in. long, 15 in. wide; terminal and upper pairs
6-8 in. long, 2°25 in. across, glabrous on both surfaces, green shining above, dull with
prominent midrib and 8-10 pairs of lateral nerves beneath. Racemes 1-3 from each
papilla, 3-5 in. long, 10—15-fid., flowers shortly pedicelled, usually solitary on small
produced nodes showing traces of 3-5 abortive or fallen flowers. Calyw ‘12 in.,
J. mu 46 ;
364 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
26. Mituerria ALBIFLORA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 92;
leaflets 5, rarely 7, more rarely only 3, elliptic-lanceolate, apex caudate,
subcoriaceous, glabrous; standard glabrous; stamens monadelphous ;
pod very large flat rather woody, finely brown-velvety.
Matay Peninsuta; Perak, common. Pahang, Ridley n. 2641 !
A large spreading tree sometimes 80-100 feet high (Xuwnstler) usually 30-50
feet, trank 2-3 feet in diam. Leaflets 5-10 in. long, 1°5-2°5 in. across, lowest pair
rather smaller, shining above, dull beneath ; petiolule ‘25 in. Flowers in long narrow
panicles longer than the leaves, from the upper axils of branches, often 1-1'25 ft.
in length; individual racemes 4-6 in., flowers solitary on pedicels ‘15 in. long;
peduncles, pedicels and calyx all rusty-puberulous. Calyx ‘25 in. long, tube cam-
panulate, teeth triangular rather shorter than tube, the two upper connate
emarginate. Corolla pure-white, ‘75 in. long, standard orbicular 2-auriculate above
the claw. Vezillary filament cohering half way up the staminal sheath, or at length
free. Ovary puberulous. Pod linear, 7-13 in. long, 1:5—-2 in. wide, softly brown-velvety.
27. Minnertia uniroutata Prain, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. |xvi. 2. 93;
leaflets solitary obovate-oblong or lanceolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous ;
standard glabrous ; stamens monadelphous ; pod large flat, rather woody,
finely pale yellowish-velvety.
Matay Peninsuta; Pangkore, Curtis n. 1615! Perak, Wray n.
2836! Scortechini 124! 1023! 1711! Kunstler 4251! 4492! 8210!
A spreading tree 30-40 feet high, trunk 1 foot in diam., branches glabrous. Leaflets
with reticulations visible on both surfaces, 6-8 in. long, 15-3 in. wide, beneath dull,
above shining. Flowers in very slender axillary panicles shorter than the leaflets,
individual racemes short, few-fld., separated by intervals 1 in. long, peduncles
pedicels and calyx-tube glabrous. Calyx ‘2 in. long, 2-bracteolate at the base,
bracteoles ovate-lanceolate very small, teeth glabrous externally pubescent within.
Corolla ‘75 in. long, pure-white, standard orbicular retuse, 2-callose at base of
lamina. Stamens monadelphous in a sheath split along vexillary side. Ovary
puberulous. Pod linear, 6 in. long, 1 in. across, tapering to both ends.
Very distinct owing to its 1-foliolate leaves but nevertheless very closely related
to the preceding species, which in leaflets, buds, corolla and pods it much resembles.
28. Mivuetrtia Maineayt Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind, ii. 110.
Add to description of F. B. F.:—
A creeper over 100 feet long. Leaves light green. Flowers in small axillary
panicles one-third as long as leaves, 2°5 in. long, 1°5 in. across, rachis and pedicels
rusty-pubescent. Calyx campanulate, externally rusty-pubescent, ‘2 in. long, teeth
wide-triangular half as long as tube. Corolla white tinged with pink, ‘5 in. long,
standard orbicular emarginate, slightly puberulous externally.
rusty-puberulous. Corolla purple, standard orbicular ‘3 in. long, emarginate, exter-
nally slightly pubescent, exauriculate. Stamens monadelphous. Mature pod quite
glabrous, linear, straight, rigidly coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, ‘5-"75 in. broad.
The flower of this species are like those of M. caudata, as are the pods; the
standard is however without auricles.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 365
Add to localities :—SELANGOR; 800-1200 feet, Kunstler 8759 !
To the kindness of Mr. Ridley the Calcutta Herbarium owes the possession of
excellent flowering and fruiting specimens from a plant cultivated in the Singapore
Botanic Garden. Mr. Kunstler has collected in flower, in Selangor, specimens that
agree in every detail with Mr. Ridley’s flowering specimens.
29. MILLETTIA OocARPA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 92;
leaflets 9-13, oblong, subcoriaceous, terminal usually much larger than
the others, rounded at base, apex acute, glabrous finely reticulate
beneath ; standard very sparsely silky externally; stamens monadel-
phous; pod large egg-shaped, softly dark-brown velvety.
Perak ; Scortechini n. 429! Wray n. 2141!
A climber, leaves light-green above, whitish beneath, 6-8 in. long, rachis-puberu-
lous, leaflets 2-3 in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide, terminal exceeding the others. Flowers in
small axillary panicles one-half as long as leaves, rachis and pedicels slightly puberu-
lous, 2°5 in. long, 1°5 in. across. Calyx campanulate, externally grey-puberulous, ‘2 in.
long, teeth obscure. Corolla white tinged with pink, ‘5 in. long, standard uniformly
sparsely puberulous externally, orbicular, entire. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary
filament free. Ovary 2-ovuled, densely pubescent. Pod shape and size of a fowl’s
egg, 3°5 in long, 1°75 in. in diam., densely softly brown-velvety.
Nearly related to the preceding species but very distinct by reason of its leaflets
glabrous beneath, and its very different pod.
22. TEPHROSIA Prrs.
1. TepHROSIA TENUIS Wall.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Borma; Segain Hills, Wallich n.
5970! Shan Hills, King’s Collectors! Laccapive Istanps; Cardamum,
Alcock ! Aucutta, Alcock !
' 2. TepHRosia cannipa DOC.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—Mataya ; gpandsbhe T, Anderson
n. 43! Hullett n. 670! perhaps introduced.
4, TBPHROSIA TINCTORIA Pers.
Var. coccinea Bak. (T. coccinea Wall.): in the light of the speci-
mens received from Upper Burma since the plant was first issued by
Dr. Wallich this seems to deserve recognition as a species. It differs
more from typical 7’. tinctoria as regards foliage than does 7’. calophylla
Bedd. and it has at the same time the long lax racemes on the strength
of which 1’. calophylla is kept separate from 7’. tinctoria.
4b. Trreurosta Granami Wall. Cat. 5652; slender, branches finely
adpressed-sericeous, leaves simple large oblong-lanceolate obtuse mucro-
nate sessile, rarely casually petioled and then sometimes with a pair of
diminutive basal leaflets; flowers very lax on long slender axillary ped-
uncles. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv., pt. 2,272. T. tinctoria W. & A.
Prodr. i. 211; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 112 im part, hardly of Pers.
366 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
’ Burma; Prome, Wallich! Kurz n. 2529! South Mingyin, Prazer !
General habit of T. tinctoria but more slender, leaves 25 in. by 3 in. Pedwneles
1-3-fid., 2-3 in. long. Calyz,-corolla and pod as in T. tinnerrte:
As represented by the large suites of specimens collected by Kurz and Prazer
this is very uniform and distinct; the writer therefore has preferred Mr. Kurz’s
view to that expressed in the Prodromus and in the Flora of British India which are
both based on the examination of Dr. Wallich’s solitary gathering.
7b. TepaRosta PumILA Pers. Synops. ii. 320. T. diffusa W. & A.
Prodr. i. 213. Galega diffusa Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 387. T. purpurea var.
pumila Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 113; Prain, Bot. Laccad. 35.
Further examination of the very extensive material in Herb. Calcutta serves to
confirm the writer in the opinion expressed by him in 1892 that this plant must be
re-accorded specific rank.
23. SESBANIA Pkrrs.
Key to the Indian Species.
Flowers small, bud straight (SuseEN. I. EusesBaNnia) :-—
Pods twisted, pendulous; flowers 4 in. long or upwards;
(unarmed ) :—
Perennial; stems woody; fiowers $in.; pods 6 in. x?
in., sutures undulate and valves widely depressed
between the seeds; a small tree ies . lL. 8S. egyptiaca:
Annual; stems pith-like; flowers 2? in.; pods 10-12 ;
in. x 3; in., sutures siaig ht, valves slightly abrupt-
ly Saptari between the seeds ; a swamp species
with tree-like habit ee «. 2 8. paludosa.
Pods not twisted, erect or ascending (except si times in 8,
cannabina) ; flowers never exceeding 3 in.; all annuals
with woody stems :—
Leaves and branches sericeous-tomentose ; (unarmed) ;
pods not torulose ‘ #5 . 8 8. sericea,
Leaves and branches pinbrsaets i—
Stems and rachises of leaves smooth :—
Stems erect, very tall; pods with straight sutures
and undepressed valves oftenest spreading or
pendulous, 4-8 in. x2 in, ie ww. 4 8. cannabina.
Stems diffuse procumbent; pods subtorulose erect
3-4 in. X=), in. .. 5. 8S, uliginosa.
Stems and rachises of ives ar ined “with weak
prickles :—
Stems erect; fruiting raceme several-podded ;
flowers 3 in.; pods 9-12 in. x2 in., sutures
slightly undulate, valves widely depressed ... 6. S. aculeata.
Stems propteate ne raceme usually 1-podded,
flowers 4in.; pods 3 in. x-; in. distinctly
roe He «. 7. &. procumbens.
Flowers large (3 in. long); bud falcatoly recur a (SUBGEN.
II, AGaT!)... ats 5 Si . 8 8. grandiflora.
~. ————— =<“ = = Ss
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 367
Au examination of the species of this genus that occur in Bengal, when living
examples and not merely herbarium material are dealt with, shows that the only good
account of them hitherto published is that by Dr. Roxburgh who treated them as
species of Aeschynomene.
1. Sespania &GypTIaAca Pers.
The Jait, Jayti or Jaynti; a very familiar hedge plant in Indian fields and
gardens. Its wood is still, as in Dr. Roxburgh’s day, highly reputed as a source of
charcoal for gunpowder manufacture. The fact that this is a small tree, lasting for
several years, has prevented any confusion between it and tle other species in the
field. In herbaria however it is often mixed with the second species which like
it has twisted pods and which has even larger flowers; in literature on the other
hand, this second species is referred to S. aculeata. S. xgyptiaca is, by colour of
flowers merely, separable into three varieties :—
1. typica; flowers uniformly yellow. Sesban P. Alpin, Pl. Mgypt. 81. t. 82;
Kedangu Rheede Hort. Malab. vi. 49, t. 27; Emerus Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 93, t. 4).
Plukenet, Phytogr. t. 165, f. 2. :
Wight and Arnott refer here another figure of Plukenet’s, while they refer
Kheede’s fig. to vAR. 3 and Burman’s to var. 2. Both the latter authors however
speak of the flowers simply as yellow. This seems to be one of the original Indian
forms, it is however much more rarely grown now-a-days than either of the other
two varieties.
2. Var. picta; standard externally dotted with purple. Plukenet, Phytogr.
t. 164, f.5. 8S. picta Pers. Synops. ii. 316; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 873. Aeschynomene
picta Cav. Ic. iv. 7, t. 314. Apparently not originally native in India though now
very widely cultivated there. From a perusal of Rheede’s description and from
Burmann’s diffidence about referring Plakenet’s figure of this plant to his Emerus
it seems fairly clear that this variety had, in Rheede’s and Burmann’s time, already
reached India from America, where it seems truly native. ‘This particular variety is
commoner in Bengal than the typical form but is not nearly so common as the next.
In Burma on the other hand this and the next appear to be equally common.
3. Var. bicolor W. & A. Prodr. 214; standard dark-maroon or purple outside.
Aeschynomene Sesban Rozb. Flor. End. iii. 382. Sesbania picta Hort. Calcutta; Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 114 not of Pers. and not of Bot. Reg.
his form is as common in Burma as the preceding and in Bengal is the one
that is usually cultivated. It has long stood in Indian gardens as the representative
of the name S. picta; this misapprehension, no doubt owing to reliance placed upon
wrongly-named specimens distributed from the Calcutta Herbariam, has crept into
the Flora of British India.
9. SESBANIA PALUDOSA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 82; very
tall annual marsh-plants of tree-like habit, quite unarmed ; flowers large,
pod long twisted flexible with strong, not indented sutures. S. grandi-
flora Mig. Flor. Ind.- Bat. 1. 288 not of Pers. S. cochinchinensis Kura
As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2, 271 not of DC. S. aculeata var. paludosa Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 115 (eacl. syn. Aeschynomene uliginosa.) S. punc-
tata Bth. MSS. in Herb. Kew. not of DC. Aeschynomene paludosa
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. iii. 333 not 8. paludosa Jacq.
368 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
BENGAL ; in stagnant pools near villages and in swamps, very com-
mon. Burma; not infrequent in swamps and swampy pastures all over
the plains of Pegu, Kurz! Matay PEeNnINsuLa; open marshy ground in
Kedah near rice fields, Kunstler n. 1712! Distris. Java (Horsfield /)
Formosa (Henry n. 1802 !)
A large tree-like annual reaching 12 ft. in height, stems 2 in. in diam. full of
white pith; no prickles on stems or leaf-rachises. Leaves 8-12 in., sessile, leaflets
10-30 pairs, sparsely hirsute above. Racemes drooping, 8-12-fid., about as long as
the leaves in whose axils they arise. Flowers yellow, the standard externally dotted
with small purple spots, 3 in. long. Pods 10-12 in., always pendulous and always
twisted. | use
This is the familiar Kathsola of Bengal, so named because of its great similarity
in appearance to Aeschynomene aspera, the true Sola; the pith of this being a little
harder it is known as the Kath (woody) sola. Though it is preferable to use Rox-
burgh’s epithet ‘‘ paludosa” for the species it must be pointed out that this is not
S. paludosa Jacq. That species, as the description of the flowers and fruits shows,
is S. uliginosa Sweet (Aeschynomene uliginosa Roxb.) Mr. Baker, it is true, identi-
fies A. paludosa with A. wuliginosa (Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 115); both are Sesbanias and
both grow in swamps, but as they differ in habit, in foliage, in flowers and in fruit
it seems better to keep them separate. Mr. Kurz thinks this may have been what
Loureiro meant by Coronilla cochinchinensis, but as that species has erect torulose
pods, the identification is impossible. Dr. Kuntze’s treatment of this form (Rev.
Gen. Pl. i. 181) which he reduces to S. zgyptiaca, makes it clear that the never saw
the plant itself; his whole discussion is an excellent example of the unscientific
use of the imagination. '
3. SESBANIA SERICEA DC. Prodr. ii. 266. S. aculeata var sericea
Benth. in Thw. Enum. 441; Bak. in Flor, Brit. Ind. uu. 115; Trimen,
Flor. Ceylon, 34.
Cryton; Colombo, Ferguson !
There is no doubt that this differs specifically in the points noted by Mr. Baker.
The pods most resemble those of 8. cannabina, the foliage that of S. paludosa. It
has been only once collected in Ceylon, and may possibly be an introduced species.
4, SHSBANIA CANNABINA Pers. Synops. ii. 316; annual uuarmed,
racemes few-fld., short but distinctly peduncled, pods very often solitary,
rarely more than 2, spreading or pendulous very rarely erect, rigid not
twisted, sutures stout straight, valves not depressed between the seeds.
Inpi1a and Burma; cultivated only.
This is the Dhunchi plant which is quite as well known to European residents as
the Jaynti or the Kathsola, and which differs so greatly in habit, flowers and fruit
from these that by no licence can they be conceived conspecific. This is Aeschyno-
mene cannabina Retz. Obs. v. 26; Rowb. Flor. Ind. iii. 335: S. cannabina DC. Prodr.
ii. 265: S. affinis Schrad. in DC. Prodr. ii. 265. It must, however, be noticed that it
is not the 9. cannabina of Wight & Arnott (Prodr. 215), as an examination of their
specimens and a perusal of their description shows. The fibre of Dhunchi is some-
times used instead of Jute fibre for various purposes, its chief employment being by
fishermen for nets and lines, the fibre having a reputation for resisting the effects of
_-
_
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 369
water better than many others. But it is for its tall and slender stems which some-
times reach 20 feet in height without being more than ‘5 in. thick at the base, and
which are always hard, never soft and pith-like as in §. paludosa, that the plant is
mainly cultivated; these long lithe stems aie used as the wattles of which are
constructed the walls of the houses wherein Piper Betle is grown.
5. SESBANIA ULIGINosA Sweet Hort. Brit. 129; diffuse, unarmed,
racemes short few-fld., pods erect subtorulose, not twisted. Aeschyno-
mene uliginosa Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56, Flor. Ind. iii. 334. S. paludesa
Jacq. in DC. Prodr. ii. 265 not Aeschynomene paludosa Rozb.
BENGAL ; in swamps.
This species Dr. Roxburgh compares with the South Indian 8. procumbens, and
Wight and Arnott would endorse this comparison, What these authors mean
precisely when they say that Roxburgh’s A. uliginosa is not the 8. uliginosa of
“authors,” is hardly clear, for there would appear to be only one published
8. uliginosa, that of Sweet, which is founded, Sweet indicates, on the Aeschynomene
uliginosa of the Hortus Bengalensis. It is Just possible that the S. wliginosa
referred to by Wight is 8. paludosa ( Aeschynomene paludosa Roxb.)
6. SEsBANIA acuLEATA Pers. Synops. ii. 316 (excl. citations Plunkenet
and Rheede); DC, Prodr. 1. 265; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 114 (ezxel.
all the varieties).
A weed of rice fields and swamps throughout India. Two more or less distinct
varieties are recognisable. They differ, however, only in habit, the flowers and fruits
of the two are identical and intermediates are numerous.
1. typica; stems reddish, rather densely sprinkled with minute prickles.
Aeschynomene spinulosa Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 333. S.aculeata W. § A. Prodr. 215
(excl. syn. A. cannabina Roxb. and A. bispinosa Jacq.).
2. Var. elatior; stems green, sparsely prickly, taller, lax and slender. Aeschy-
nomene bispinosa Jacq. Ic. Rar. iii. t. 564. Coronilla cochinchinensis Louwr. Flor.
Cochinchin. ii. 552. 8S. cochinchinensis DC. Prodr. ii. 266. S.cannabina W. Sy A,
Prodr. i. 215 not Aeschynomene cannabina Rozb.
Wight and Arnott refer Roxburgh’s Aeschynomene cannabina, the Dhunchi plant,
to 8. aculeata. This is so obviously wrong that the only conclusion to be formed is
that they never had an opportunity of examining a Dhunchi plant. And that they
are right in regarding their S. cannabina (which the writer cannot separate specifi-
cally from their S. aculeata) as the plant that Retzius named Aeschynomene cannabina
and that Willdenow named Coronilla cannabina, is highly improbable. The descrip-
tion given by Retzius really only fits well, among Indian Sesbanias, Wight and
Arnott’s own S. procumbens. It is merely the fact that Retzius has said, on Koenig's
authority, that the plant to which he refers is the fibre-yielding species (and
therefore the Dhunchz), which has led Roxburgh, whom the writer is quite willing
to follow, to apply the name “cannabina”’ to the Dhunchi plant.
7. SESBANIA PROCUMBENS W. & A. Prodr. i. 215; Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. ii. 115. Aeschynomene procumbens Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 337.
As already mentioned this is the species which best fits the description given by
Retzius of Aeschynomene cannabina; the reasons that have led the writer to adopt
the Roxburghian interpretation have been stated,
370 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminosee, [No. 2,
8. SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA Pers.
Often cultivated, especially in Southern India, as a support for the Pepper- Vine.
24. CARAGANA Lamx.
Key to the Indian Species.
Leaf-rachis suppressed ae “F a .. C. pygmea,
Leaf rachis produced :—
* Leaf-rachis terminating in a naked point :—
Leaf-rachis persisting as a woody spine after fall of leaflets ;
calyx-teeth long :—
Ripe pods woolly within :—
Pods short, hardly thrice calyx, hirsute externally .. C. Gerardiana,
Pods long, 4—5 times calyx, glabrous externally coe C. brevispina.
Ripe pods glabrous within :—
Leaflets lanceolate, longer than broad :—
Leaflets pubescent with long spreading hairs on both
surfaces “a C. chumbica.
Leaflets glabrous above, eats adpressed ear
below ae ... OC. conferta,
Leaflets hardly longer than broad: eens or nierates —
Leaflets densely pubescent, pod glabrous .. C. polyacantha,
Leaflets finely hoary, pods pubescent :—
Pods turgid curved, abruptly pointed .. we. OC. ambigua.
Pods narrow straight, gradually ae C. ulicina,
Leaf-rachis usually ae with leaflets; calyx- eas
short :—
Stipules persistent as strong spreading woody spines ;
flowers solitary ... . CC. Aitchisoni.
Stipules weakly spinescent ; cae several te one nade C. arborescens.
Leaf-rachis bearing a leaflet at its tip :—
Leaf-rachis persisting after fall of leaflets saa we =. crassicaulis.
Leaf-rachis not persisting :—
Leaflets retuse at apex a oe we C. cuneata.
Leaflets rounded at apex ane ae .. O. acaulis.
2. CARAGANA CONFERTA Benth. |
Add to description of F’. B. I. :—
Pod linear acute, 1¢ in. long, + in. across, straight, glabrous within,
externally sparsely covered with long spreading silky white hairs.
This has recently been collected in a complete state by Mr. Duthie in Astore ;
Gudhai valley, 11-12000 ft., Duthie n. 12196!
3. CaRAGANA GERARDIANA Royle.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—
Eastern Himataya; at Ha-thom-py-ong, in Chumbi, Dr. King’s Col-
lectors !
3b. CARAGANA CHUMBICA Prain; leaflets 8-12, narrowly ovate-lan-
ceolate acute, densely pubescent, stipules pungent, flowers 1-2, short-
pedicelled, pod glabrous within.
ee a
1897.] D, Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 371
Eastern Himataya; Ta-loong, two days from Chumbi, Dr. King’s
Collectors !
A shrub with close nodes, young branches pubescent with long spreading tawny
hairs. Leaflets }in. long, tips pungent, whitish and densely pubescent with long silky
hairs beneath, dark-green and sparsely pubescent above; leaf-rachis and lanceolate
stipules both pungent-tipped and densely hirsute with long spreading tawny hairs.
Calyx ~ in. long, externally very thinly grey-puberulous, pedicels ‘12 in. long only, in
axils of small 2-3-jugate leaves, by the sheaths of which they are enclosed ; bracteoles
0; calyx-teeth triangular, } as long as campanulate tube. Corolla twice the calyx.
Pod ? in. long, } in. wide, glabrous within, sparsely pubescent with spreading silky
hairs outside.
A very distinct species resembling in many respects C. Gerardiana, but with dif-
ferent tomentum and very different pods.
4. CARAGANA POLYACANTHA Moyle.
Add to description of F. B. I. :—
Pod linear acute, 1} in. long, + in. across, slightly curved ;
glabrous internally and externally.
Add to distribution :—Kasumir; Gilgit, Duthie ! Giles !
4a, CARAGANA AMBIGUA Stocks, Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 145; leaflets
small, 4-6, elliptic-mucronate, adpressed hoary-pubescent, stipules
spinescent, flowers usually solitary on distinct peduncles; pod pubescent
oblong, shortly mucronate, distinctly recurved, sharply acuminate.
Boiss. Flor. Orient. ii. 199. C.Gerardiana Herb. Lace, not of Royle.
Scinpe; Stocks! British Betucnistan; near Quetta, Hamilton !
Ziarat, Lace n. 3697 (issued as CO. Gerardiana)! Disrris. Beluchistan
(Stocks !) S. Afghanistan (LZ. O. Rind !)
A small much branching shrub, with strong spreading spines 1-1} in. long.
Leaves 2-3 in.; leaflets pale-green 4-3 in., leaf-rachises hoary-puberulous. Pedun-
cle = in., 2-bracteolate close below the calyx (i.e., pedicels very short), pubescent
with somewhat spreading hairs. Calyx adpressed-hoary, tube wide-campanulate, +
in. deep, teeth triangular-lanceolate nearly as long as tube. Corolla { in. long.
Pod # in. long, turgid, + in. wide.
This is nearest, as M. Boissier has already suggested, to C. polyacanthu. A
specimen named, and correctly named; C. ambigua, by Stocks himself, was sent by
him to the Calcutta Herbarium with the locality “Scinde” on the ticket. All
Stocks’ other specimens, Which have reached Calcutta either from Herb. Dalzell or
from Herb. Kew, are marked “‘, Beluchistan.”’
4b. CARAGANA ULICINA Stocks, Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 145; leaflets
small, 4-6, elliptic-retuse, mucronulate, adpressed hoary-pubescent,
stipules spinescent, flowers 1-2 on distinct peduncles; pod pubescent,
lanceolate, gradually tapering to apex, quite straight. Boiss. Flor.
Orient. ii. 199; Artch. & Bak. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii, 44.
N.-W. Frontier; Kurram Valley, Actchison n. 8! Distris. Belu -
chistan (Stocks !)
J. i 47
302 D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
A small much branching shrub, with spreading spines rarely exceeding } in., usual-
ly slightly recurved and always weaker than in the preceding species. Leaves } in.,
leaflets pale-green 4-} iu., leaf-rachises adpressed-puberulous with very short hairs.
Peduncle } in., 2-bracteolate below the 1-2 slender pedicels, + in. long. Calyw
sparsely adpressed-puberulous, tube wide-campanulate, ¢ in. deep, teeth triangular
half as long as tube. Corolla 3 in. long. Pod # in. long, not turgid, } in. wide.
M. Boissier suggests that this hardly differs from the preceding species; it
differs however in spines, in flowers and in fruits so markedly that nothing could
be gained by their union. Dr. Aitchison suggests (Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 43) that
both C. ulicina and C. ambigua are perhaps only forms of an expanded species that
would include C. brevispina. The writer, on the other hand, finds it necessary to
recognise as specifically distinct from both of Stocks’ species the plant identified
by. Dr. Aitchison with C. ambigua. The reasons for this will appear in the specific
diagnosis and description which follow.
5b. Caracana AITCHIsONI Prain; leaflets 6-8, very rarely 10,
elliptic-mucronate, very sparsely adpressed-pubescent, stipules strongly
spinous, flowers solitary on a long slender peduncle, pod glabrous linear
not woolly within. C. ambigua Aitch. Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 43 not of |
Stocks.
N.-W. Frontier; Kurram Valley, Aitchison n. 549! n. 1220!
Hazara, Bellew ! Chitral, at Broz, Harriss!
A large spiny shrub with greenish Laburnum-like bark and short stoutish
spreading stipular spines { in. long. Leaves 4-3 in., leaflets pale-green, 4 in.
Peduncle very slender, jointed above middle, #-1 in. Calyr 1in. long, membranous,
_ wide-tubular, externally sparsely pubescent, teeth short. Corolla #in., glabrous.
Pod flat, 14 in. long, 4 in. across.
This differs very much in pedicels, calyx and pod from the true C. ambigua. It
is not possible to place it in C. brevispina, the calyx and pod are so different. It is
nearest to C. microphylla Lamk. of which it has almost the calyx and quite the
corolla and pods; it differs, however, in having much longer and thinner pedicels and
shorter leaves with far fewer leaflets. From C. arborescens Lamk. var. B. Ledeb.
it is best distinguished by its thicker much smaller leaflets, and its compressed not
cylindric pods.
5c. CARAGANA ARBORESCENS Lamk. Encyc. Meth. i. 615; leaflets
8-14, elliptic-mucronate glabrescent, stipules weakly spinous, flowers
several together from one node on long slender peduncles, pod glabrous
linear not woolly within. DC, Prodr. ii. 268; Ledeb. Flor. Ross. i. 569 ;
Aitch. Jowrn. Linn. Soc. xviii. 44.
N.-W. Frontter; Kurram Valley, Aitchison n. 1219!
A tall shrub with very short weak spreading stipular spines? in. long. Leaves
1-2 in., leaflets 3 in. by ¢ in., pale-green, thinly membranous. Pedwncle very slender,
jointed above middle, $-1 in., 2-5 from the same node. Calyx + in. long, membranous,
wide-tubular, externally sparsely pubescent, teeth. short. Corolla 3 in., glabrous.
Pod cylindric, 14 in. long., 4 in. in diam,
76. CaARAGANA ACAULIS Bak. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii. 44; leaflets
7-9, flowers solitary.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 373
N.-W, Frontier; Kurram Valley, Aitchison n. 1218!
Stemless ; leaves rosulate crowning a slender elongated woody rhizome. Leaflets
sessile obovate-cuneate, 4—} in. long, apex rounded or obtuse, petiole short, stipules
small deltoid. Pedwncle 3-3 in. long. Calyx 2-% in., downy, teeth lanceolate half as
tong as tube. Corolla 1 in., standard 4 in. wide, silky, dirty-purple externally, yellow
within. Pod linear, straight, thinly hoary, 18-20-seeded. ;
24b. CALOPHACA Fiscu.
Perennial diffuse unarmed shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves odd-pin-
nate. Flowers solitary or umbellate on axillary peduncles. Calyx tubu-
lar, lobes almost equal or the 2 upper subconnate. Corolla exserted
standard ovate or suborbicular, erect, margins reflexed ; wings obovate-
oblong, subfaleate, free; keel incurved about as long as the wings.
Stamens 2-adelphous; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled ; style
filiform, stigma small terminal. Pod linear, at length round or turgid ;
seeds subreniform. Species about 8; Oriental and North Asiatic.
1. CaALOoPHACA DEPRESSA Oliv. in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 2304; leaflets
5-9, subalternate, oblong or obovate-elliptic the terminal obovate-
cuneate, mucronulate, silky-pubescent ; flowers very small solitary ; pod
turgid-cylindric mucronulate villous, 5-6-seeded.
Kasumir; Baltistan, 6000 feet, Giles: Indus Valley, 7-8000 feet,
Duthie !
A small depressed shrublet, hoary tomentose in all its parts. Leaves 3-1 in.
long, short-petioled ; leaflets } in. or less with distinct petiolules; stipules small,
ovate-lanceolate. Flowers on peduncles shorter than the leaves, {-4 in. long. Calyz,
3. lower teeth deltoid, 2 upper linear-subulate. Standard twice as long as calyx,
shortly clawed, rounded, about as long as obtuse keel; wings shortly oblong-obtuse.
Pod about } in. long, 4 in. wide.
25. GULDENSTADTIA Fiscu.
3. GULDENSTEDTIA MULTIFLORA Bunge.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; Shan Hills at Saga, 4000
feet, and Koni, 4500 feet Collett !
28. TAVERNIERA DC.
1. TAaverRNIcERA NuMMULARIA DC, .
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Crntrat Inp1a; Jerdon ! Sournern
Decoan ; Cleghorn !
The plant appears to be very rare in the dry parts of the Deccan; it has not as
yet been reported from Rajputana, where, however, considering the eastward
extension just noted, it probably occurs and where it should be looked for.
31. ONOBRYCHIS Garry.
1. OnopeycHis Srewarri Bak.; leaflets oblanceolate, subacute ;
pod reniform, turgid, l-seeded ; perennial.
374 D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
2. OnoprycHis LAxirnora Rak. in Journ. Linn: Soc. xix. 159;
leaflets elliptic-obtuse 4-8-jugate the terminal not exceeding the lateral ;
pod circinnate flat semi-orbicular, 1-seeded ; perennial.
Norru-West Himaraya; Gilgit, Giles ! Distris. Afghanistan.
Herbaceous, perennial, stems slender 13-2 ft., finely puberulous. Leaf-rachis 3-6
in. long, including petiole }-2 in. ; leaflets 9-17, shortly petiolulate, $-} in. long, pale-
green, obscurely canescent; stipules deltoid-acuminate, persistent. Racemes long-
peduncled, lax, elongated, 6-9 in.; buds rather crowded; bracts minute scarious
persistent. Calyx campanulate, obscurely pilose, 3 in.; teeth lanceolate as long as
tube. Corolla 5 times calyx; standard glabrous, veined. Pod circinate, flat, semi-
orbicular, faces areolate with hexagonal deepish pits, their walls sparingly spinescent ;
margins armed with numerous small teeth.
3. ONoBRYCHIS NUMMULARIA Stocks in Hook. Journ. iv. 146; leaflets
ovate-orbicular or cbovate-obtuse, mucronate ; the terminal much exceed-
ing the sometimes abortive lateral ; pod circinnate flat, orbicular, 2-
seeded; annual. Boiss. Flor. Orient. 11.545. O. tavernierefolia Stocks
ex Boiss. l.c.
Norta-West Frontier; British Beluchistan, very common. Dis-
tris. Throughout Beluchistan and Afghanistan.
An annual dwarf stemless herb, hoary-tomentose. Leaf-rachis, including very
long petiole, 4-5 in., leaflets 3 or 5, or very often only the terminal present ; terminal
4-1} in. in diam. the others rarely exceeding 3 in., densely tomentose. Racemes long-
peduncled, 6-8 in. long, rather lax, usually slightly exceeding the leaves ; pedicels
short, bracts rather long, % in., subulate. Caly« hirsute externally, including teeth
4 in., teeth subulate from broad bases twice as long as the short wide-campanulate
tube. Corolla twice as long as calyx, under 4 in., standard puberulous, veined. Pod
orbicular 2-locular, faces areolate with radiating pits, their walls little raised, un-
armed ; margins beset with long cottony setae.
Nearly related to the Persian O. Aucheri Boiss., but differing by its 2-seeded
pods. ‘The two species recognised by M. Boissier were by Dr. Stocks himself
latterly supposed to be only two varieties of one species. ‘The writer finds too many
intermediates in Herb. Calcutta to admit of his even separating them as varieties.
32. LESPEDEZA Micux.
SusGcen. I. Eutespepeza.
1. LsspepgEza sERICEA Mig.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Mountains of Benar and Cenv.
InpiA; very common. Raspurana; Mt. Abu, common. Uppsr Burma;
common,
A very distinct variety with long petioled leaves, vAR. longepetiolata, has recently
been collected in Upper Assam (Makim), by Mr. G. Gammie. This variety is com-
mon in South-West China.
6b. LespepnzaA sERIcopHYyLLA Ooll. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc.
xxvill. 40; petiole distinct, leaves rather large, densely silvery-tomen-
tose on both sides, calyx densely hirsute with long hairs.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 375 |
Urrrr Burma; Shan Hills at Toungyi, 5000 feet elev., Collett !
A rather large shrub, the flowering branches thickish, angular, adpressed-silky.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, silvery-sericeous everywhere, shortly petiolulate, rachis
and petiole 1-15 in. long; leaflets thick, soft, elliptic, terminal 1:25-1°75 in. long,
"75-1 in. wide, lateral pair rather smaller. Flowers °5 in. long, in dense racemes,
pedicels shorter than calyx, bracts small persistent. Calyx °2 in. long, sub-2-labiate,
lobes narrow acute, the two upper almost completely connate, everywhere softly
hirsute. Petals subequal glabrous; standard broad, claw very short; wings ob-
long, claw long slender; keel 2-auriculate above the long, slender claw; long-
beaked. Stamens 2-adelphous. Ovary shortly stipitate, bearded along the upper
suture, elsewhere glabrous. Pod not seen.
6c. LespepEza PINETORUM Kurz, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 230;
petiole distinct, leaflets large ovate-lanceolate acute softly velvety
above, densely softly tomentose beneath, flowers is very dense sessile
racemes, pod sessile hardly exserted.
Burma; Nattoung Mts., Revd. Cross! Pegu, Bookee Ridges, 4—6000
feet, Kurz 1637! Tenassertm ; Moolyet Range, common, Gallatly !
A stout erect simple or branching shrub 2-4 feet high; all parts densely tawny-
pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate, petiole “6-8 in. hardly produced, densely villous;
leaflets very shortly and stoutly petiolulate, 2-3°5 in. long, 1-1'25 in. wide, base
cuneate or rounded, tip mucronulate, coriaceous, subrugose under the soft velvety
pubescence, prominently nerved and everywhere softly tomentose beneath. Flowers
“35 in. long, in very dense racemes 1°5-3 in. long, ‘7 in. across, pedicels shorter than
the calyx, bracts small persistent. Calyx °2 in. long, sub-2-labiate, lobes subulate,
everywhere softly hirsute. Petals subequal glabrous, standard broad. Pod dimi-
diate-ovate, ‘25 in. long, silky.
A very fine and very distinct species.
Suscen. Il. Microteseepeza Maaim. Keel transverse obtuse, flowers
‘often apetalous, 1-3 fasciculate, axillary. Small annuals.
6d. Lespepeza striata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Voy. Beech. 262; her-
baceous, rigid, suberect, stems hoary, stipules longer than petiole, leaflets
cuneate-oblong or obovate, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate, margin ciliate,
veins numerous parallel, flowers axillary 1-3, shortly pedicelled, corolla
when present twice the calyx; pod in perfect flowers slightly, in
apetalous flowers far exserted. Mig. Prol. Fl. Japon. 237; Mazim.
Synops, Lesped. 56; Benth. Pl. Hong-Kong. 85. L. stipulacea Maaim.
Prim. Fl. Amur. 85, 470; Schmidt, Fl. Sachal. 124. Hedysarum stria-
tum Thunb. Fl. Japon. 289.
Kauasia; common, Mann / Clarke nn. 18604! 40531! 45227! Dis-
“trip. China; Corea; Mandschuria; Japan; Saghalien; Bonin.
An annual herb 3-15 in. high, somewhat branched. Stipules striate, adpressed.
Leaflets shortly petiolulate, rigid, midrib beneath adpressed-strigose, elsewhere
glabrous except the ciliate margins, ‘85 in. long. Bracteoles 2, ovate, striate, ciliate,
adpressed to calyx-base. Calyx narrowly campanulate, striate subangled plicate,
5-fid, teeth almost equalling tube, the two upper narrower and rather shorter than
376 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
the lower. Petals when present twice as long as calyx, subequal; standard obovate
emarginate; wings linear-oblong; keel obtuse. Pod rounded.
An exceedingly distinct species, ascertained during recent years to be quite
common in the Khasia Hills.
Suseen. TI. Oxyramenis Wall. (Campylotropis Bunge; Maaim. )
7. LiesPEDEZA MaACROSstYLA Bak. in Maxim. Synops. Lesped. 22 in
part. Delete from synonyms of F. B. I.:—L. Royleana Mig. Ann.
Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 50 (L. sericea Royle not of Mig.); also Oxyramphis
stenocarpa Klotzsch in Reis. Pr. Wald. 158 t. i. fig. 2, (O. sericea Grah.
in Wall, Cat. 5349).
Delete all localities except Nepat; Wallich (Cat. n. 5348) !
7b. LiesPEDEZA STENOCARPA Maaim. Synops. Lesped. 23. UL.
Royleana Mig. Prol. Fl. Jap. 238. lL. sericea Royle MSS. not of Mig.
Oxyramphis stenocarpa Klotzsch, Reis. Pr. Wald. 151, t. I, fig. 2. O.
sericea Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5349.
N.-W. Himataya; Kamaon and Garhwal, very common, Govan
(Wall. Cat. 5349/B)! Wallich 5349/A! Royle! Griffith! Thomson!
Anderson! King! Gamble! Lace! Hume! Stoliczka!
To Mr. Maximowicz Indian botanists are indebted for having pointed out that
the Nepalese plant (L. macrostyla) is very different from the representative form in
Kamaon and Garhwal (L. stenocarpa); the two are easily distinguished by their
pods, those of L. stenocarpa being grey-silky, narrowly oblong, and gradually taper-
ing upwards to the base of the style, while those of L. macrostyla are shortly broadly
ovate, abruptly rounded at the apex whence the long style arises, and are tawny-
pubescent. The leaves too of LZ. macrostyla are only sparsely tometose beneath,
those of L. stenocarpa are densely so.
Mr. Maximowicz refers, in part, to L. stenocarpa another plant that occurs
in the North-West Himalaya, of which Falconer n. 443 K. D. is an example.
In this, however, he is certainly in error, for Falconer n. 448 includes two
plants that cannot be referred either to L. macrostyla or to L. stenocarpa but
which are much more closely related to L. eriocarpa; one of them indeed is that
species.
The F. B. I. gives Khasia as a locality of L. macrostyla in the sense which incor-
porates the two preceding species. No botanist has, however, hitherto sent either
L. macrostyla or L. stenocarpa to Calcutta from the Khasia Hills.
8. LespepezA priocarPA DC,
Var. Falconeri Prain; petiole hardly produced, leaflets smaller
ovate-acute, pods (young) more softly tomentose; habit spreading as in
“T. paniculata Royle.” lL. macrostyla Maaim. in part, not of Bak.
GarHwat; Falconer n.. 443 K. D. (flowering specimens only)!
Smita; Elysium Hill, Gamble 4968 !
The fruiting portion of the sheet of Falconer’s collection quoted is only L.
paniculata Royle, which Mr. Baker very justly has reduced to L. ervocarpa. The plant
represented by the flowering specimens will, in all probability, when more fully
known have to be recognised as a species apart, L. Falconeri.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 377
8b. Lespepeza BicoLtor Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. (1840) 69;
petiole produced, leaflets sparsely adpressed-puberulous beneath, stipules
subulate, calyx and small subincluded pod very sparsely adpressed-hairy.
Ledeb. Flor. Ross. i. 715; Maxim. Synops. Lesped. 29. Desmodium race-
mosum Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. i. 121 not of DC. :
Norta-West Himanaya; Black Mountain, 6-9000 feet, Duthie
7460! Hazara; Dohar, etc., in the Kagan Valley, Duthie’s Collector
19308! 19309! Disrris. Siberia, China, Japan.
A copiously branched erect shrub, with slender virgate rounded branchlets,
adpressed-puberulous or glabrous. Petioles ‘5-15 in. long; leaflets ovate-rotund,
membranous, obtuse or emarginate, with a slender terminal mucro; green, glabrous,
reticulate-venose above, glabrous or sparsely adpressed-puberulous beneath, the
stipules slender subulate. Racemes axillary many-fid. lax, much exceeding the leaves,
bracts and bracteoles minute; pedicels iin. Calyw 3? in., teeth ovate or lanceolate,
obtuse or acute. Corolla purple, ‘35 in. long. Pod ‘25 in. long, rounded-elliptic,
mucronate, reticulate.
9b. Lespepnza Pratntt Coll. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
46; petiole produced, leaflets large minutely strigillose beneath, calyx
glabrescent, pod quite glabrous.
Burma; Shan Hills, 4-5000 feet, Collett ! King’s Collector !
A handsome shrub, 10 feet high, branchlets slender, striate, puberulous, at length
glabrescent, internodes abbreviated. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, petiole very slender
1 in. long, stipules persistent, narrow-lanceolate, 25 in. long, leaflets shortly petio-
lulate, terminal ‘5-1 in. long, rather exceeding lateral, thin submembranous, obovate
with rounded apiculate tips and cuneate bases, dark-green glabrous above, paler
strigillose beneath ; stipels obsolete. Flowers purple, ‘5—'6 in. long, in dense, axillary
racemes longer than the leaves with slender peduncles and capillary pedicels exceed-
ing the calyx. Calyx glabrescent, lobes 5, ovate-acute. Petals glabrous subequal.
Pod shortly stipitate, ovate-oblong, *4—‘5 in. long, glabrous, reticulate.
A very handsome species, nearest to L. macrocarpa Bunge, from China, which
has, however, a ciliate pod.
10. Lespepeza pEcorA Kurz.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:— Desmodium angulatum Wall. Cat.
5729 in part (letter I only).
This species is very common in the Shan States and in Tenasserim.
11. LespepezaA PARVIFLORA Kurz.
Also very common throughout the Shan Plateau.
33. ALHAGI Dzsv.
1. Atnaci caAMELORUM Fisch. Ind. Hort. Gorenk. ed. ii. 72 (1812) ;°
Boiss. Flor. Orient. u. 559. A. maurorum Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii, 145
vi« Tournef.
_ The Flora of British India adopts the view, suggested by Bentham and Hecker,
that the various forms of Alhugi should be reduced to a single species. After a care-
378 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
ful analysis of examples of all the forms hitherto reported, the writer feels unable
to accept this extreme view. He cannot, however, quite follow Mr. Boissier, l.c., in
keeping A. graecorum Boiss. as a species apart from A. maurorum and would propose
the recognition in the genus of only two species, viz. :—
1. A. maurorum Tournef. Cor. 54; DC. Prodr. ii. 352; ovaries silky.
2. A. camelorwm Fisch. |.c.; ovaries quite glabrous.
The name given by Desvaux to the first-named species was A, mannifera; he
did not anywhere use the name cited in the Flora of British India.
All our Indian specimens of Alhagi have glabrous ovaries and hence belong to
the second species; those from the Panjab, North-West Frontier and North-West
Himalaya are indistinguishable from the Persian and Armenian species of 4. camel-
orwm, while curiously many of those from Rajputana have the broader leaves character-
istic of the form from Turkestan and Soongaria which Schrenk proposed to recog-
nise as a species under the name A. Kirghisorwm.
| 34. HEDYSARUM Liyy.
6. Hepysarum sipiricum Poir. Encyc. Meth. Suppl. v. 17.
Specimens of this species grown in the Imperial Garden, St. Petersburg, as well
as Others collected by Turczaninov and named by Dr. Regel, are indistinguishable
from the plant named H., laxiflorum by Mr. Bentham.
38. SMITHIA Arr.
1. Smrruia sEnsitiva Ait.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—AnpDamans and Nicopars ; common,
but only in the convict settlements, and evidently a recently introduced
weed.
1b. Smrraia FLavA Dalz. MSS.; stems not bristly, leaflets small,
16-20; flowers in short simple racemes, calyx-lips equal, corolla yellow ;
flowers much larger than in S. sensitiva. S. sensitiva var. flore majore
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.
Western India; Concan, Law! Stocks! Canara, in damp rice fields
Talbot n. 257 !
General habit of 9S. sensitiva, but with much stouter sparingly branched stems
and very much larger flowers.
This is only accorded specific rank because S. javanica Benth., from Java and
Sumatra, which has corolla and pods very like those of S. sensitiva and mainly differs
in having no bristles on the calyx and bracts, is so recognised.
5. SMITHIA BIGEMINA Dalz.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Scrnpe; Stocks! RaAspuraANA; on
Mt. Abu, very common, King ! Duthie n. 6627!
: 7. Smiryia cin1ata Royle.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Naca Hits; Kohima, Clarke n.
41705! Burma; Pegu, Bookee ridges, Kurz n. 1633! Distris. Formosa
(Henry u. 1521!)
10. Swmiraia satsucinga Hance, Journ. Bot. vii. 164 (1869). S.
dichotoma Dalz. ex Bak., in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 150 (1876).
1897. | D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 379
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; Arracan, amongst high
grass along the sea-shores opposite Akyab, Kurz! Disrris. China.
Dalzell’s name, though proposed for the plant many years before Hance’s, was
unfortunately not published till seven years later.
11. Smiruia GRANDIs Benth.
This species is not confined to Sikkim, it has been collected in Bhutan by
Parkes, in Assam by Fisher (where it was also collected 45 years ago by Simons), at
the foot of the Akha Hills by one of Dr. King’s collectors, and in the lower Khasia
Hills by Mr. G. Mann and Mr. C. B. Clarke. Dr. Griffith’s specimens, it now
appears, came also from Assam, not from Sikkim.
12. Smirvta Buranda Wall.
Var. 3. humilis Prain; annual, stems slender short, leaflets as in
VAR. racemosa; corymbs rather lax, calyx } in., corolla $-{ in. much
larger than in any of the other ‘varieties or than in the type. S. hirsuta
Dalz. in Kew. Journ. iii. 135, not of Bak. S. humilis Benth. MSs. in
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.
Western Guats; at Mahableshwar, Cooke! Canara, Talbot n. 626!
Concan ; Stocks! Gibson!
40. ORMOCARPUM Baravv.
2. ORMOCARPUM GLABRUM Teysm. §& Binnend., Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind.
xxvii. 56; pod 6-7-jointed; joints oblong, thrice as long as broad,
plicate smooth.
ANDAMANS ; common, probably only as an escape from cultivation.
General habit of O. sennoides, of which it seems to be only a cultivated form ;
the pods are, however, much longer, sometimes 6 in long, with larger joints which are
never muricated. It must not be overlooked that the original description of this
form was drawn up from cultivated specimens.
46. URARIA Desv.
* Upper leaves 5—9-foliolate.
26. Uraria acuminata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, 235,
236 ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, glaucous-green not clouded, sharply acu-
minate ; pedicels clothed with long bristles; joints of pod opaque and
covered with a short sparse pubescence.
Burma; Pegu, Tonkyeghat, Kurz n. 1645! Shan Hills, Makhoye,
King’s Collector ! Madoe, King’s Collector !
General habit of both U. picta and U. crinita, but abundantly distinct from
both in the nature of its foliage, the leaflets beneath having, as Kurz remarks, a
very thin and lax net-venation.
In the Index Kewensis, U. acuminata is doubtfully referred to U. picta, a sugges-
tion that would never have been made had specimens been available for comparison.
The leaves, except for being narrowly sharply acuminate, have indeed much the
J. u 48
380 D, Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
shape of those of U. picta, but have avery different venation, and are of some-
what different texture. The pods, however, which Mr. Kurz has described in a
rather misleading manner, and the pedicels, are exactly like those of U. crinita ;
if it be necessary to reduce Mr, Kurz’s species to another it must be to U. crinita not
io U. picta that it should be referred. But in the light of the ample material
recently received, it seems clear to the writer that either reduction would be un-
justifiable.
2c. URARIA MACROSTACHYA Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. t. 110; leaflets
broadly ovate, subacute, not clouded; pedicels clothed with long soft
spreading hairs; joints of pod straw-coloured dimpled shining, perfectly
glabrous. Wall. Cat. 5675 I.
Urrer Burma: Hills south of Kyali, Prazer! Tenassertm: Endine
Ghor, Gallatly ! DistRts, China, whence seeds were sent to Dr. Wallich.
General habit. of the three other species: of the group. Leaflets 7-8 in. long
by 3 in. across, with the thin texture and wide venation of those of U. acuminata.
Dr. Wallich, when he first obtained seeds of this plant, supposed it to be a dis-
tinct species and had it figured for the Pl. As. Rar.as U. macrostachya. Subse-
quently he obtained from Silhet very fine specimens of U. crinita, and came to
the conclusion (see his note on Wall. Cat. Lith. n. 5675 D. and his remarks in the
text of Pl. As. Rar. ii. 8) that his U. macrostachya was the same as U. crinita ;
his Chinese plant (Cat. 5675 I.) he therefore subsequently issued as U. crinita VAR.
macrostachya. It is worthy of remark that his Calcutta Garden specimens were
all gathered without any of them being permitted to set their fruits, and most
unfortunately Dr. Wallich has allowed himself to add as the fruit of the plant
delineated on t. 110, a figure obviously derived from his Silhet specimens. In
August 1835, he again sowed seeds sent him from China by Mr. Deard in January
of that year; these flowered and fruited in Nov. 1836, and so for the first time -
it became possible to see that his reduction of his U. macrostachya to U. crinita
was altogether unnecessary. And although in the Index Kewensis. Dr. Wallich’s
erroneous identification has been followed, it will be noticed that the Flora of
British India has omitted the Pl. As. Rariores citation. As there was then no
evidence that U. macrostachya was an Indian plant, Mr. Baker does not quote
the species at all; its recent discovery both in Upper Burma and in Tenagserim
renders it now necessary to supply a diagnosis. |
** Leaves 1- and 3-foliolate intermixed.
3. URARIA LAGOPOIDES DC.
This species is very easily recognised owing to its having been founded on the
excellent figure by Burmann—nor is there now any doubt that the Hedysarwm
lagopodioides of Linnaeus is the same, excellent Chinese specimens agreeing in every
respect with the Indian plant having recently been sent from Hainan by Dr. Henry.
Dr. Roxburgh’s coloured drawing at Calcutta and Kew is an excellent representa-
tion also.
The species extends from Bengal and Assam throughout Indo-China to South
China on the one hand and to the Nicobars (where it was collected by Mr. Kurz)
and the Malay Archipelago on the other. In Burma it is remarkably common, and
the flowers are there as often white or yellow as they are pink. For the plant, as it
occurs in Java, Dr. Otto Kuntze has proposed the varietal name “ rhomboidea ;”
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 381
there are some rhomboid leaflets on nearly every plant. This is Dr. Wallich’s
Uraria retusa in its entirety; Mr. Baker says that it forms part of Dr. Wallich’s
U. hamosa also, which may well be the case, for evidently Dr. Wallich misunder-
Stood those Indian species, as elaborated by Dr. Roxburgh, of Hedysarum (or
Doodia, as Roxburgh afterwards called them), that constitute the genus Uraria.
The writer has not, however, seen an instance of this particular confusion among
the Wallichian specimens.
To this species the most nearly related Uraria is U. alopecuroides Wight, (Doodia
alopecuroides Roxb.), which differs in having a stouter habit, rather larger racemes.
with broader more shortly tailed bracts, and larger differently shaped clouded leaves.
Wight and Arnott (Prodr. 222) have suggested that U. alopecwroides may be the
same as U. lagopoides Wall., which is impossible, because U. lagopoides Wall. is cer-
tainly U. lagopus DC.;'in this Wight and Arnott have been followed by the F. B. I.
4. URARIA LAGOoPUS DC.
This species has been confused with the preceding by Dr. Wallich who issued
it as U. lagopoides Wall. Cat. n. 5676 E. from Nepal and n. 5676 F. from Silhet, and
still more hopelessly with the next two species by practically every Indian author who
has dealt with the genus. The confusion is, as it chances, devoid of excuse since
this is the most easily characterised species of its own group, owing to its having hir-
sute pods, those of U. lagopoides, U. alopecuroides and U. neglecta being quite glabrous.
From the synonyms given in the Flora of British India must be excluded U.
alopecuroides Wight, (Jc. t. 290) regarding which no mistake is possible because it is
a copy of Roxburgh’s manuscript drawing; also Doodia alopecuroides Roxb. (Fl. dnd.
iii. 868) which is the description of the plant there delineated, and Hedysarum
alopecuroides Roxb. (Hort. Beng. 57), the earliest reference to the plant in question.
The F. B. I. has referred here also a part of Uraria hamosa Wall., since it has
identified Wall. Cat. n. 5681 C. with U. lagopus. This is not, however, possible ;
Wall. Cat. 5681 C. has glabrous pods with 3-6 segments, the segments being
much smaller than those of U. lagopus.
The F. B. I. locates the species in Burma; no specimens from Burma have ever
been received at Calcutta. Specimens have, however, been sent from the Chumbi
Valley, the plant consequently occurs at a considerably higher level than the F. B. J.
indicates.
5. URARIA ALOPECUROIDES Wight, Ic. t. 290. U. repanda Wall. Cat.
5677.
This is Dr. Roxburgh’s Doodia alopecuroides. Just as Dr. Wallich failed to
recognise Roxburgh’s D. lagopodioides, to which he gave the name U. retusa, so he
failed to recognise D. alopecwroides and issued it as U. repanda, The plant is per-
haps not specifically distinct from U. lagopoides ; it certainly can never be referred
to U. lagopus, for though it has the erect habit of the latter instead of the trailing
habit of U. lagopoides, its bracts differ but slightly and its calyx, corolla, and pods do
not differ at all from those of JU. lagopoides.
The localities of the species are :—
Dehra Dun; Vicary! Behar; Kurz! Anderson! Wood! Clarke! Khasia Hills ;
G. Mann! Burma; Wallich! King’s Collector: It probably came originally from
Dehra Dun to Dr. Roxburgh; it was one of the species of which he received seeds
from Genl. Hardwicke —these, as we know now, came mostly from the Sub-Hima:-
luyau tract. This species has not been collected in the Himalaya.
382 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Wallich’s name has been deliberately abandoned, partly because by so doing it
is possible to conserve the oldest trivial epithet, under which Dr. Roxburgh charac-
terised the plant more accurately than any subsequent author has been able to,
but mainly because it is only by so doing that one can emphasise the need there is
for a thorough change in our conception of the species of Uraria. ;
5b. URarIA NEGLECTA Prain; stems erect, leaflets large oblong not
cordate, racemes long dense cylindrical, lower calyx-teeth subequal.
Uraria lagopodioides Wall. in part (Cat. 5675). U. hamosa Wall. in
part (Cat. 5681 C.) U. lagopoides Royle, Ill. Him. Pl. t. 33, f.1. U.
lagopus Royle, Ill. Him. Pl. 201; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 156 in part,
not of DC.
Kamaon; Blinkworth! Vicary! King! Duthie! Gamble! Kangra,
Stolicka! Darmsala, Clarke! Duars; Heawood! Assam; Masters!
BencaL; Kurz! Clarke! Misumi; Griffith!
Branches woody slender shortly pubescent. Leavesas in U. hamosa. Racemes
exactly as in U. lagopus but with bracts quite as in U. hamosa; pedicels 2-3 times
the calyx, densely crinite. Calyx 34-1 in. Corolla purple, little exserted. Joints 2-6,
pale to lead-coloured polished.
This is in reality one of the best characterised species in this troublesome genus.
Its characters, asthe above description shows, make it intermediate between U.
lagopus of which it has the inflorescence, and U. hamosa of which it has the bracts
and foliage. It agrees, as a matter of fact, in many more points with U. hamosa,
with which Dr. Wallich wished to associate it, than with U. lagopus to which it
has been referred by subsequent botanists. The pods are more like those of U.
hamosa than those of U. lagopus, but they are glabrous, whereas in both these species
the pods are hirsute. Dr. Royle has figured the plant as U. lagopoides, and in the
text has referred it, equally erroneously, to U. lagopus; the F. B. I. account of the
genus omits all reference to Royle’s names or plate.
6. Urania HAmosA Wall.
This is Doodia hamosa Roxb. As in the case of D. lagopodioides which, not
recognising it, Wallich issued as U. retusa and D. alopecuroides which, not recog-
nising it, he issued as U. repanda, so, not recognising D. hamosa, Wallich issued it as
U. leptostachya. And just as Wallich mistook U. lagopus for U. lagopoides, so he mis-
took the species just described as U. neglecta for U. hamosa. By a happy accident,
however, he did not always recognise his own U. leptostachya, and as he has chanced
toissue one gathering of it (his Cat. n. 5681 B.) along with the plant that he sup-
posed to be U. hamosa, Dr. Wight and after him Mr. Baker, have been able to employ
this name and thus to conserve Roxburgh’s trivial epithet for the species.
Wight and Arnott in their Prodr, 222 have not made any Observation on the
Wallichiau confusion, the detection and elucidation of which we owe to Mr. Baker.
To the synonyms of U. hamosa should be added Doodia simplicifolia Roxb.
from Chittagong which is a state of this species with leaves simple and acute at the
apex, as they often are, instead of obtuse; also Uraria lagopus vAR. polysperma Oz
Kuntze, a reduction that it would have been impossible to suggest, so different is this
plant from U. lagopus, were not authentic specimens of Kuntze’s n. 6520, so named,
before the writer.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 383
6b. Urania panicutata Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 15, t. 4;
stems erect, leaflets large narrow-ovate, acute, mucronate; racemes
laxly paniculate, lower calyx-teeth not elongated.
Naga Hitts; Kohima, 3000 feet, Clarke n. 40924 !
Stems 3-6 feet high, small twigs and racemes covered with long spreading hairs
brown below and with white tips, scattered in a close brown short tomentum,;
petioles 2 in. long densely-brown tomentose, leaflets 4-6 in. long, 24-3 in. across,
green and very sparsely hairy above, paler beneath more closely covered with brown
hairs on midrib and veins, white over the interspaces. Racemes a foot long, nearly
as wide, much branched laterally ; bracts ovate-acute, externally brown-tomentose.
Calyx 2 in., much as in U. hamosa. Corolla 2-3 times the calyx, rose-purple. Joints
5-6, black, pod completely exserted, with a few hairs on the sutures, otherwise
glabrous, reticulated.
This is an extremely distinct species, nearest perhaps, as Mr, Clarke says, to
U. hamosa but differing in the points that he notes. Its most striking peculiarity,
which it shares with the next two species, is that its pods are far exserted.
6c. URaARIA GRACILIS Prain; stems erect, leaflets small ovate-oh-
long, racemes laxly paniculate, lower calyx-teeth not elongated.
Burma; Sagaing, Dr. King’s Collectors !
Branches woody, very slender, shortly pubescent. Leaves very like those of U.
hamosa, terminal leaflet 13 in. long, 3 in. wide, base truncate, apice retuse mucro-
nate. Racemes axillary and terminal, all laxly paniculate ; bracts very small ovate-
acute, externally sparsely puberulous as is the calyx. Culyx 4 in., as in U. hamosa.
Corolla 2-3 times the calyx, purple. Joints 4-6, black, puberulous, pod quite exserted
as in U. paniculata.
Very like U. hamosa, but more slender than that species usually is and with very
different, much smaller, not cuspidate bracts, also with different pods. In its lax
inflorescence it resembles U. paniculata; this it likewise does in having exserted
pods, but it isa much smaller plant with different tomentum and very different
leaves and bracts.
* * * Leaves usually all 1-foliolate.
7b. URARIA LATIFOLIA Prain; stems erect, leaflets orbicular cordate
at base, apex subacute or acute, racemes simple close cylindric.
Borma; Fort Stedman, King’s Collectors !
Branches stout woody, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves
5 in. in diam. shortly hairy on the raised veins below, secondary nervation very promi-
nent; petiole 13-2 in. Racemes terminal only, dense, 4-8 in. long; bracts narrow
ovate-acuminate ; pedicels 4-3 in., abruptly recurved at tip after flowering.
Corolla white, exerted. Joints of pod 2-3, black, pubescent with short straight hairs.
The leaves of this species much resemble those of U. cordifolia for which at
first sight it might be mistaken, especially as the flowers are white as in that species.
But the inflorescence and bracts are totally different as are the pods which are more
like those of U. crinita and U. acuminata.
7c. Urnarta Contetri Prain; stems erect, leaflets orbicular cor-
date at base, apex subacute or acute, racemes copiously panicled.
384 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Burma; Pinmona, in forest, Collett! King’s Collector !
Branches stout woody, densely clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves 5 in.
in diam., shortly hairy on the raised nerves beneath, secondary nervation very promi-
nent, petiole 14-2 in. Racemes 4-6 in. long forming copious terminal panicles with
densely pubescent peduncles, bracts ovate-cuspidate pubescent, pedicels 4-3 in.,
densely crinite. Calyx {-3 in., teeth setaceous nearly equal. Corolla slightly
exserted. Joints of pod 2-4, pubescent with short straight hairs.
This combines the leaves of the preceding with the panicles and bracts of
Lourea campanulata; like U. latifolia it is very nearly related to U. cordifolia, all
three having very similar flowers. In U. cordifolia, however, the bracts are very
different being narrrowly lanceolate, and the inflorescence though paniculate is
subdigitately so as in U. hamosa not laxly so asin Louwrea campanulata and Uraria
Collettit.
47, ALYSICARPUS Necx.
2. ALYSICARPUS HAMOSUS EHdgew.
Add to synonyms :—Hedysarum procumbens Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56;
Flor. Ind. iii. 345.
The identity of this species with Roxburgh’s H. procumbens has been overlooked
in the F. B. I. ; in the Index Kewensis Roxburgh’s species is given as a synonym of
Desmodium retroflecwm which it does not much resemble.
6. ALYSICARPUS RUGOSUS DOC,
At first sight it seems hardly possible to think that Alyricarpus rugosus and its
vAR. styracifolius Bak. can be conspecific, but a very careful examination of the
large suites of specimens at Calcutta shows that Mr. Baker’s treatment of this
species is amply justified. It is however necessary in the writer’s opinion to re-
cognise two other well-marked varieties besides those defined by Mr. Baker. ‘These
are :—
Var. 4. minor; dwarf, diffuse, stems and leaves below glabrous, leaflets small
oblong, ovate, or orbicular, obtuse or subacute, racemes short dense, bracts and calyx
glabrous.
N. W. Himanaya; Grifith ! PansaB; Pathankote, Clarke n. 22006! Raspurana ;
Abu, King! Kattiawar; Rajkote, McNaghten! Western INDIA; Gibson! BENGAL ;
Lohardugga, Clarke n. 33937! Seebpore, Kurz! Assam; Nowgong, Simons ! Burma’;
Shan States, King’s Collector !
This variety combines the habit of var. styracifoliuws with the glabrous leaves
and stems, and the inflorescence of the true A. rugosus. It has been identified with
var. Heyneanus by Mr. Kurz, but it has not the hirsute leaves and stems, nor has
it the elongated racemes of that form; it has been referred to VAR. styracifolius by
Mr. Clarke in which it is equally difficult to place it. It does not occur among Dr.
Wallich’s specimens at Calcutta.
Var, 5. pilifer; ascending, stems and leaves below finely pubescent, leaflets
lanceolate, raceme& short dense, calyx conspicuously ciliated. A. pilifer Wall. Cat.
5675. A. scariosus Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. ¥ T. vie Grah.
8. Inp1a; Wall. Cat. 5675! G. Thomson! Burma; Shan Hills, King’s Collector !
This combines the habit of true A. rugosus with the inflorescence, etc., of VAR.
styracifolius, and the recent communication of a large suite of specimens from
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 385
Burma with all the characters of the South Indian plant originally differentiated.
by Dr. Wallich, makes it more satisfactory to give the form varietal rank because
its inclusion in var. styracifolius somewhat mars the symmetry of an otherwise very
well characterised form; the establishment of this variety obviously involves the
deletion of the synonym A. pilifer under Mr. Baker’s var. styracifolius. It should
be added moreover that Dr. King’s Collectors note the corollas as yellow in this
variety, all the others are noted as having them purple.
* * * DesmopiastRuM. Oalyx much longer than the first joint of
the pod, its teeth not imbricated in the fruiting stage. Pods as in
Desmodium.
9. ALYSICARPUS BELGAUMENSIS Wight.
10. ALysicaRPuS RACEMOSUS Benth,
This is'reduced, in the F. B.I., to A. belggumensis. It is, however, impossible
to confound the two plants, their pods being remarkably different and no inter-
mediates occurring; and there is hardly a doubt that Mr. Bentham was justified im
giving the present one specific rank. There is, however, very considerable difficulty
in separating this species from the two plants named by Dalzell Alysicarpus parvi-
florus and A. rotundifolius, both of which the F. B. I. has transferred to Desmodiwm.
That these two are congeneric with Alysicarpus racemosus admits of no doubt; the
question whether, with Mr. Baker, we are to treat A. parviflorus and A. rotundifolius
as Desmodia or, with Mr. Dalzell, to treat them as Alysicarpi is one that may be
answered with much reason either way. But wherever these two are placed, A.
belgawmensis and A. racemosus must accompany them. Compromises in taxonomy
are necessary, indeed the systematic arrangement of species is essentially the art of
happy compromise. But an arrangement which places one half of a natural group
of forms in one genus, the other half in a second, strains unduly the privileges
that the art of compromise allows.
11. Atysicarpus PpARvIFLORUS Dalz, in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 211:
Desmodium parviflorum Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 172.
Only distinguished from <A. racemosus by its further-exserted pods and its
rather longer pedicels ; its leaves are occasionally 3-foliolate as in A. belgawmensis,
the leaflets being oblong or lanceolate as in that species.
12. ALYSICARPUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS Dalz. Desmodium rotundifolium
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 172. |
Fruits exactly as in A. parviflorus, from which it is distinguished by its rather
larger, slightly exserted corollas and its obovate-oblong to orbicular leaves which
are hardly distinguishable from those of A. racemosus. The writer's reason for
proposing a new subgenns for this natural group is that the calyx-teeth in none of
them become imbricated: hence all of them violate the limits of the section Macro-
calycine as defined in the F. B. I., which includes two of them therein. His reason
moreover for retaining the group in Alysicarpus rather than for transferring all four
species to Desmodium, of which all have the pods, is that it seems better to locate
the group in a small manageable genns like Alysicarpus, than to transfer them to
one, like Desmodiwm, already of unwieldy bulk. As a matter of fact the group
stands intermediate between these two genera, and indicates that probably they
are not naturally separable.
386 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
The characters finally separating the two genera are, according to the Key in
the Flora of British India, joints “turgid” in <Alysicarpus, “ flattened” in Des-
modium. Yet the joints of the pods of Desmodium wmbellatum without being
broader are thrice the thickness of those in Alysicarpus belgauwmensis. In the
definitions of the two genera the only tangible distinctions are corolla ‘included ’”’ in
Alysicarpus, “exserted’”’? in Desmodium; after having described the corolla as
exserted for the genus as a whole, it becomes necessary for the F. B. I. to indicate
that one of the distinctive characters of Desmodium parviflorum is that the corolla
is included. It seems therefore better to adopt an arrangement which excludes
from Desmodium a species that, by its admission, violates the solitary distinctive
generic character.
47b. NEOCOLUETTIA Hemst.
A slender trailing herb rooting at the nodes. Jeaves pinnately 3-
foliolate ; stipules rigid striate persistent. Flowers small axillary solitary
or 2-3 together on a rather long slender peduncle, 2-bracteolate near
the calyx; the peduncle bearing a large sfipitate saddle-shaped bract
enveloping the calyx. Calyx tubular 15-nerved subequally 5-lobed,
lobes short rounded. Standard suborbicular without appendages; wings
free, keel straight quite obtuse. Stamens diadelphous; anthers uniform.
Ovary sessile, I-ovulate; style inflexed. A single species.
1. NeEocoLuertia GRacitis Hemsl, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 44, t. 6.
Stylosanthes “facie oxalidea” Wall. Cat. 5974, Desmodium Rottleri
Bak. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 11. 174 in part. Teramnus Wallichii Kurz, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 255.
Borma; Prome, Wallich 8974! Posoboio, in the plains, Collett n.
26!
Apparently perennial; stems creeping elongated very slender slightly strigose,
Leaves trifoliolate, petiole slender 1-2 in. long; leaflets petiolulate, middle petiolule
longest; membranous pale-green obcordate, ~ in. long, glabrous above, sparsely
strigose beneath, stipules small; stipels minute subulate. Flowers under ; in.,
peduncles rather shorter than the flowers, strigose as are the bracts and bracteoles
beneath, and the calyx externally. Petals long-clawed, standard retuse, wings ob-
long, spurred and also toothed on lower margin; ovary glabrous.
An interesting genus more resembling a Phaseolid than a Hedysarioid, but with
floral structure most closely approaching that of the next genus. The single
species bears a considerable superficial resemblance to Desmodium Rottlert Bak.
( Eleiotis Rottleri W. & A.), for which it may casually be mistaken. Ripe fruit is un+
known, and it is to be hoped that members who may meet with the plant in Burma
will kindly communicate complete specimens.
47c. PHYULACIUM Benn.
Climbing herbs. Leaves 3-foliolate ; stipules persistent small linear
or lanceolate, leaflets stipellate. Flowers in axillary racemes, shortly
pedicelled, 2-bracteolate near the calyx, completely enveloped, as ulti-
mately is the legume, in a large boat-shaped membranous much accres-
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminosae. 387
cent bract. Calyx tubular sub-2-labiate, 4-toothed. Standard ovate
apex retuse, base 2-auriculate ; wings oblong, long-spurred, spurs in-
curved clasped by the auricles of standard ; keel straight obtuse shortly
spurred. Stamens diadelphous, posterior filament adnate to base of
standard-claw. Ovary short-stalked, its base surrounded by a shallow
disc ; ovule solitary; style inflexed. Legume short-stalked ovate-rotund,
acute. Species 2; Indo-Chinese and Malayan.
1. Puytactum masus Coll. & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 44.
t. 7; young parts rather densely adpressed-hirsute ; leaves densely hairy
beneath; axillary racemes longer than leaves, sometimes paniculately
branched ; upper lip of calyx+subentire deltoid-rotund, lower 3-lobed,
lobes subequal ovate-rotund acute imbricated; pod turgid densely
strigose not reticulated, both sutures convex.
Burma; Shan Hills, near Fort Stedman, Collett! Lwekaw and
Makhoye, King’s Collectors !
A slender climber ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate long-petioled, leaflets ovate-oblong,
base rounded, apex tapering to an obtuse point, margin entire, rather thickly
herbaceous, glabrous and green above, grey and densely adpressed-puberulous beneath,
3-4 in. long, 1} in. wide, stipules and stipels linear, persistent, puberalous; petioles
puberulous 2 in. long. Racemes 5-6 in. long, occasionally branching, fasciculate ;
flowersnumerous. Bracts 1-1} in. long, glabrous externally, hirsute within, at length
scarious. Calyx 3 in., externally hirsute. Corolla glabrous, $in. long. Pod + in.
2. PusyLactum BRAcTEosuM Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 159. t. 33; young
parts and leaves beneath sparingly adpressed-hirsute ; axillary racemes
shorter than leaves, aggregated few-fld. ; upper lip of calyx entire ovate,
lower 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate the central rather larger, none over-
lapping; pod compressed, sparsely hirsute, reticulate-veined, convex in
front, straight posteriorly. Benth. Pl. Jungh. 1. 231; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 228; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 129.
Perak; near Gunong Pondo, 200-300 feet above sea level, in open
jungle, Kunstler n. 8367! Disrris. From Sumatra (Forbes n. 1436!
n. 2646!) and Java to the Philippines.
A slender climber ; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, long-petioled, leaflets ovate-oblong,
base rounded, apex obtuse, margin entire, thinly herbaceous, green on both surfaces,
glabrous above, sparingly hirsute beneath, 2-3 in. long, 13 in. wide, stipules and
stipels linear, persistent, sparsely hirsute, petioles glabrescent, 14 in. long. Racemes
2-10 together, about 15-2 in. long, fasciculate, flowers few. Bracts 1-1} in. long,
glabrous externally, sparingly hirsute within, pale-green. Calyx 3 in., externally
sparsely hirsute. Corolla white with piuk tinge, glabrous, } in. long. Pod { in.
50. DESMODIUM Dssv.
1. DESMODIUM UMBELLATUM DO.
This is a purely littoral species that extends, as so many of the class do, from
W. Polynesia to the Mascarene Islands, Itis scarcely truly Indian, being only report-
J. wu. 49
388 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2
ed from Ceylon and the Sundribuns to the west of the Sea of Bengal. It is, however,
extremely plentiful, to the east of that sea, on the shores of Southern Burma, of the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and of the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. All
inland localities cited in botanical works for this species are erroneous. |
Var. hirsutum DC. Prodr. ii. 325, not mentioned in the F. B, I. account of the
species, looks very distinct on account of its more villous branches and petioles and
its persistently pubescent pods, but is not perhaps a very valid variety. Strangely
it is only known from plants grown in the Calcutta garden and in the garden at
Buitenzorg, where (as the Collector’s ticket notes) it was an introduction from
Calcutta; Wall. Cat. n. 5687 D, Hort. Bogor. n. 2037 are good examples of the form,
This ‘variety’ has been by Dr. Wallich and others confounded with the very
different Wall. Cat. n. 5687 B., which at first a pharontly Dr. Wallich did consider
separable, and which is a very distinct species. *
1b. Desmopiom Watticui Prain; branches slightly angled, leaflets
obtuse mucronulate, mesial rhomboid almost as long as broad, joints of
pod large as long as broad, persistently hirsute. D. umbellatum Wall.
Cat. 5687 B; Coll. & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 42, not of DC.
Urrer Burma; Segain, Lime Hills, Wallich! Meiktila, Collett!
A shrub with densely fulvous young branches, Petioles 3-1 in., leaflets sab-
coriaceous, glabrous above, rather densely fulvous-tomentose beneath, the veins and
veinlets very distinctly raised, end-leaflet 25 in. in diam. Flowers subumbellate, the
peduncle prolonged beyond the basal whorl. Calyx 4 in., silky, teeth longer than
tube. Corolla} in. Pod 1-1} in., joints 3-4, strigose.
Dr. Wallich at first gave to this the MSS, name Desmodium rhomboideum. The
name unfortunately cannot be used as there isa nomen nudum, D. rhomboideum
Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. ii. 151, which cannot refer to this plant. Sweet’s name is one
of those purely catalogue publications that give so much trouble to botanists. It
was employed by its author to indicate Hedysarwm rhombifoliwm Roxb. (not of
Elliott) a plant that was raised in the Calcutta garden from seed sent to Dr. Rox-
burgh from Upper India in 1811 by Genl. Hardwicke. Roxburgh allowed it to drop
out of his lists for the subsequent Flora Indica, (he issued the name in the
Hortus Bengalensis) and he makes no reference to it in the manuscript copy of his
description of Indian plants preserved at Calcutta. Dr. Wallich’s annotated copy of
the Hortus Bengalensis shows that he did not know the plant, and Voigt’s reference
to it in the Hortus Suburbanus where (not knowing that Sweet had already taken
the trouble to change its name) he calls it D. Harwickianwm, is copied from Rox-
burgh’s original reference. All the evidence now available points to its being the
plant at present known as D. podocarpum.
lc. Desmopiom rucosum Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 137;
branches terete, leaflets acute, mesial nearly twice as long as broad,
joints of pod large, 13 times as long as broad, persistently hirsute.
TenassEeRiIM; Lathorga, 2000 feet, common, Gallatly ! Kepan;
Langkawi, Curtis n. 2550!
A gregarious straggling shrub with glabrescent lenticelled branches. Petioles
1-13 in., leaflets coriaceous, glabrous above, hirsute only on the very prominent veins
and veinlets beneath, end-leaflet 6-7 in. long by 8 in. across, ovate-acute tapering
in both directions from the middle, the base narrowly truncate. Flowers umbellate,
=)
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 389
peduncles short. Calyx 4 in., teeth twice as long as tube. Pods 3-1 in., 2-4-jointed ;
strigose.
A very distinct species, resembling D. wmbellatum in its inflorescence and D.
Wallichit in the reticulated under-surface of its leaves, but differing extremely
from both in the shape of its leaflets. Like D. Wallichii this is an inland species.
2. Dersmopium CrepHatores Wall.
Var. typica; pod silky. D. Cephalotes Wall. Cat. 5721; W. & A.
Prodr. 224. Hedysarum Cephalotes Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 360.
Sub-Himalayan tract from Dehra Dun (King! Duthie!) eastward.
‘Very common throughout Indo-China, extremely rare in India proper.
Var. congestum; pod glabrescent, leaves and branches glabrous
or only slightly silky.. D. congestum Wall. Cat. 5723; W. & A.
Prodr, 224, Hedysarum umbellatum Roxb. Flor. Ind, iii. 360 (not of
Linn. )
Very common from Canara and the Concan southwards, also in
Ceylon. Misami; Griffith! Upper Burma; Anderson! Pucu; Wallich !
Kurz! Tenasserim; Parish! Currragona; Hooker! Clarke!
The two varieties are very distinct; there is however little doubt that Mr.
Baker is right in refusing to follow Drs. Roxburgh, Wallich and Wight in treating
them as specifically separable. The typical D. Cephalotes is as rare in India as the
variety “‘ congestum”’ is in Indo-China.
2b. Dersmopium oLivaceum Prain; branches triquetrous, leaflets
acuminate twice as long as broad, joints of pods small, broader than long.
Urrer Burma; Chindwin Hills, Prazer ! Maymyo, King’s Collector !
Shan Hills, King’s lens !
A shrub or small tree, with sharply triangular branches, densely clothed,
especially along the angles, with long patent greenish-yellow hairs ; petioles 1-14 in.,
deeply channelled, densely villous, leaflets glabrous except midrib above, densely
uniformly velvety beneath, end-leaflet 8 in. long, 3% in. across. Flowers in dense
globose heads, on short, angled, villous pedicels; calyx 3 in., teeth 3 as long as tube ;
corolla white, $ in. Pod 4 in. long, sparsely strigose, joints 2 only, each broader
than long.
Near to D. Cephalotes but larger in all its parts and with different tomentum
and a very different pod.
4. DESMODIUM GRANDE Kurz.
Apparently a rare species; the specimens originally described by Kurz were not
collected by him but by Dr. J. Anderson, F.R.s., at Tagoung, The specimens
previously collected by Dr. Griffith, which the F. B. L suggests may have come from
Tenasserim, came from Upper Burma; they were collected during the journey made
‘by Griffith from Upper Assam through the Hukung Valley to Ava. The only recent
collection of this species is from Mingyin, where it was obtained by Prazer.
7. DESMODIUM LABURNIFOLIUM DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Uprer Burma; Maymyo, King’s
Collector !
390 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
8. Desmopium TRIquEtRUM DC.
To this species the F. B. I. has reduced D. auriculatum DC., D. pseudo-triquetrwm
DC., and D. alatum DC. The three plants so named by M. De Candolle are, how-
ever, extremely distinct from D. triquetrwm and from each other, and as no inter-
mediates occur even in places where two or more of the forms have been found
growing side by side, it is highly probable that they should all be recognised as
specifically distinct. It may, however, suffice if, for the present, they are dealt with
as only subspecies of one somewhat variable “ species.”
Supsp. geniwna; erect; pods hairy throughout. Desmodiam triquetrum DC.
Prodr. ii. 326. Hedysarum triquetrum Linn. 8p. Pl. 746; Burm. Flor. Ind. t. 52. f. 2.
H. alatum Rozb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. iii. 348.
CENTRAL, WESTERN and SourHEeRN Inpia and CryYLoN. Assam, KHuAsIA,
Currraconc, Burma, TENASSERIM, PERAK. DistRis. Java, Tonkin, China (Hong-
Kong only, and perhaps introduced).
This is common in both the Eastern and Western Peninsulas ; it is somewhat
remarkable that it has never been found in the sub-Himalayan tract where D. pseudo-
triquetrum is so common.
At Shaila in the Khasia Hills Mr. C. B. Clarke has found this (Clarke n. 14883)
and D. alatum (Clarke n. 14469) growing side by side; in the Island of Pah-tau,
enasserim, Mr. Proudlock has similarly found this and D. auriculatum growing
together; in neither case were any intermediates collected.
Supsp. auriculatum; erect; pods firmly cartilaginous, glabrous throughout.
Desmodium auriculatum DC. Prodr. il. 326.
Sinuet, Clarke! Coasts of TENASSERIM and ANDAMANS, plentiful. Disrris.
Malay Archipelago, Mascarene Islands.
This appears to be almost purely a seashore species though it has been
found on two occasions in Silhet, both times by Mr. Clarke. On the specimens
from Mauritius in Herb. Calcutta, Bouton has suggested that it is an introduction
from India. More probably, however, itis a member of the littoral flora of the
Malay region which extends as far as, and includes the coast species of, the
Mascarene group. The plant was originally described from Timor specimens.
Sussp. alatum; erect ; pods thinly membranous, very broad, glabrous through-
out. Desmodium alatum DC. Prodr, ii. 326 (not Hedysarum alatum Rowb.)
Assam; KHAsIA ; CACHAR; CHITTAGONG.
This is the most palpably distinct of all the four forms included under D. tri-
quetum. It is apparently confined to the area indicated, and has never been found in
India proper. De Candolle’s description is unmistakeable; he has, however, very
unfortunately cited both the locality and the synonym given by Roxburgh for
the genuine D. triquetrum. Roxburgh expressly states that the pod of his Hedy-
sarum alatum is “hairy;” this alone is sufficient to show that the ‘‘alatwm” of
Roxburgh and the “‘alatum” of De Candolle cannot possibly be the same plant.
Sussp. pseudo-triquetrum ; diffuse ; pods thin glabrous except along the sutures
each of which has a line of adpressed hairs. Desmodium pseudo-triquetrum DC.
Prodr. ii. 326. Hedysarum triquetrum Row#b. Hort. Beng. 56 and Flor. Ind. iii. 347
not of Linn.
Along the foot of the Himauaya from Dehra Dun, the Nepal and Sikkim Terai
to the Duars; plains of Bencat, and valley of AssAM, common. Khasia Hills,
Clarke ! Naga Hills, Prain! Watt!
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminosae. 391
Roxburgh has left no figure of his Hedysarum alatum, but his description fits
D. triquetrwm and D. triquetrum only. The account of hisown Hedysarum triquetrum
is incomplete because it does not fully describe the pods. Its prostrate habit, how-
ever, should almost have sufficed to indicate that this is the plant intended, and
Roxburgh has fortunately left a drawing which proves that his Hedysarum triquetrum
is not that of Linnaeus but is the Desmodium pseudo-triquetrum of De Candolle. Wight
and Arnott (Prodromus 225) clearly never saw D. alatwm DC., the plant which they
supposed to be that species is D. awriculatum.
9. Desmopium ormocarpoipes DC.
Var. typica; leaves inconspicuously downy beneath. DC. Prodr.
ii. 327. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 164. Add to synonyms of Ff. B. I.:—
D. teres Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 16 not of Wall.
Add to localities :—Assam ; Gauhati, G. Mann! Nichuguard, Clarke !
Mr. Clarke has indentified his plant with D. teres Wall. which mainly differs
from D. ormocarpoides in having a very short petiole and is perhaps not specifically
distinct ; even in that case, however, D. ormocarpoides is the older name.
Var. velutina Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, Ixvi. 2. 142; leaves
densely velvety beneath.
S. Anpamam; Goplakabang, Hobdaypur, etc. King! King’s
Collectors! Panana; Kwala Tembeling, Ridley n. 2605! Sxenancor;
Ridley 7295!
10. Dersmopium teres Wall.
This is evidently very rare or at least very local in Upper Burma. Mr. Prazer
has sent to Calcutta a solitary specimen from Mingyin, the only one received since
Dr. Wallich first found the plant.
13, Dssmopium popocarpum DO.; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 165,
excl. syn. D. japonicum. Leaflets broadly ovate, terminal rhomboid,
lateral subrhomboid, sparsely puberulous above and below.
Add to synonyms of Ff. B. I.:—Desmodium rhomboideum Sweet,
Hort. Brit. ed. ii. 151. D. Harwickianum Voigt, Hort. Calcutt. 223.
Hedysarum rhombifolium Roxb. Hort. Beng. 57 not of Elliott.
Amend localities :—NortH-Werst Himataya; very common from
Kashmir, Clarke, to Kamaon, Blinkworth, etc.
The locality given by Roxburgh for Genl. Hardwicke’s plant is “ Cawnpore ;”
this probably only means that it was from Cawnpore that Hardwicke despatched
the seeds to Roxburgh. Itis usual to suppose that the plants which were introduced
to the Calcutta garden through the kindness of Genl. Hardwicke, came from the
plains of Upper India; the writer has already had occasion to point out that,
in the majority of instances, Genl. Hardwicke’s contributions that proved unfamiliar
to Dr. Roxburgh have heen found eventually to have come from Dehra Dun, the
Garhwal Babur and the lower slopes of the North-West Himalaya.
Dr. Wallich sent this plant to Geneva among the specimens from Nepal that
were described by M. De Candolle in the .volumes of the Prodromus published
before 1828, the year in which the dispersal of the Hon’ble Hast India Company’s
392 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminoss. — [ No. 2,
Herbarium was begun. Hence it happens that M. De Candolle gives Nepal as its
locality in the Prodromus. As a matter of fact, however, Dr. Wallich did not collect
this species in Nepal at all; his specimens came from Kamaon where they were
collected by Mr. Blinkworth. The species is represented in the Wallichian herbarium
by n. 5711 A. Anda specimen of the North-West Himalayan species of which Wall,
Cat. 5711A. is an example has been kindly compared by M. Casimir De Candolle and
Mr. Buser with the type of D. podocarpum in the Prodromus Herbarium ; the result
has been to show that the two are the same plant. Dr. Scully and Mr. Maries, the
only other collectors who have sent plants from Nepal since Dr. Wallich’s visit to
that country, have equally failed to find D. podocarpum there,
Dr. Wallich’s Cat. n. 5711 B. did come from Nepal. Unfortunately, however,
under this letter was issued a mixture of two plants, neither of which is D. podocar-
pum. One of them is D. laewm DC. which was at a later date redescribed by
Mr. Bentham as D. Gardnert. In the Flora of British India a compromise is adopted
as regards D. laxwm; the Himalayan examples of the plant are treated as belonging
to D. podocarpum, though Mr. Baker deviates from Dr. Wallich’s treatment to the
extent of making them varietally distinct ; the South Indian examples are, however,
kept apart under Bentham’s name D. Gardneri. In the Flera of British India
Kamaon is given as a locality for D. laewm though no one has hitherto sent it from
that region; Assam as a locality is omitted, though one of the specimens quoted
(Wall. Cat. n. 5720) came from that province. And it will be observed that although,
as a Nepal plant, Wallich merged it in D. podocarpum, as an Assam one be issued it.
as a distinct species, D. trinerve.
The other plant mixed with D. podocarpum by Wallich under n. 5711B. igs
D. ozyphyllum DC., regarcing the identity of which a wide-spread misunderstanding
hag arisen; the thanks of Indian botanists are due to M. Casimir De Candolle who,
with Mr. Buser, has compared specimens of the plant with the type sheets in the
Prodromus Herbarium, and has been so kind as to present to Herb. Calcutta, from
his own herbarium, one of the actual Nepalese specimens that were originally sent
to Geneva by Dr. Wallich and that formed the basis of D. oryphyllum, He has
thus finally removed any doubt that might exist as to the identity of the species.
14. Desmopium taxum DC. Prodr. ii. 336.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—D. trinerve Grah. in Wall. Cat.
5720. D. Gardneri Benth. Pl. Jungh. 226. D. podocarpum var. laxum
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 165 not D. podocarpum DC.
Add to localities of #. B. I.:—Nepat; Wallich! Stxxim; from the
Terai (Clarke 36801! Kurz!) up to 2000 feet elev., (King! Clarke
13195!) Eastern Duars, Heawood ! Assam Valley at Goalpara, Hamilton !
Gauhati, Simons! Sibsayar, Masters! Matay Prninsuta; Perak, Wray
n. 1608 !
This species does not vary in any of its localities and is always very easily dis-
tinguished by its acuminate leaflets, boldly 3-nerved at the base, and by the very
long stalks to its pods.
M. Casimir De Candolle and M. Buser have also kindly examined specimens of
veritable D. Gardneri and find that D. Gardneri is true D, laxwm DC.
14b. Desmopium oxypHyttum DO. Prodr. ii. 336; corolla small,
bracts linear, minute, stalk of pod twice as long as calyx, pedicels short,
1897. ] D, Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 393
leaflets ovate-lanceolate all gradually narrowing to an acute point.
D. japonicum Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iii. 46. D. podocarpam Wall.
Cat. 5711 B (in part) ; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 165 in part, not of DC.
HimarayA; Sirmur; Vicary! Nepal; Wallich! Sikkim; Hooker !
Gammie! Assam; Khasia, Hooker ! Clarke! Mann! Naga Hills, Prain /
Distris. China, Japan.
Stems 2-3 feet, herbaceous, terete, branches angular glabrous. Stipules small.
Corolla and pod as in D. podocarpum.
It may be admitted that this is the eastern representative of D. podocarpum but
that it should be reduced, even asa distinct variety, to D. podocarpum the writer
cannot believe. The foliage is totally different and there are no intermediates.
The confusion that has grown up round this and the two preceding species
illustrates well the danger of placing too great a reliance on the numbered sheets of
the Wallichian Herbarium. That these show a larger number of erroneous identi-
fications than other issued collections is not implied; on the contrary, the
Herbarium was carefully distributed by one of the most accurate botanists then
living, with the assistance in particular families of some of the most eminent Euro-
pean systematists of their time. In spite of this errors were bound to creep in and
the trouble caused by these errors in the families that had already been dealt
with by Mr. De Candolle in those volumes of the Podromus published before Dr.
Wallich’s Herbariwm was issued, is so great that the writer would warn all botan-
ists, who wish their results to be accurate, to place no confidence in the Wallichian
name for a species of any of these families until he has confirmed it by com-
parison with the specimen so named in the Prodromus Herbarium. For Dr. Wallich
put no number on any of the sheets that he sent originally to Mr. De Candolle
and many of the identifications with species which Mr. De Candolle had described
were manifestly made subsequently by Dr. Wallich without referring either to
Mr. De Candolle’s descriptions or specimens. The same remarks apply to the
specimens sent by Wallich to Lambert and used by D. Don in the preparation of
his Prodr. Flor. Nepal. Here, also, the difficulty is greater, since the keepers of
the national Collections unfortunately failed to secure the Wallichian bundles in
the Herb. Lambert., when Mr. Lambert’s collection was dispersed.
In an angry pamphlet Dr. Griffith complained, when he came to act as Dr.
Wallich’s substitute, that the Calcutta Herbarium had been depleted by the dis-
tribution of the H. HE. I. C. Herbarium. This was true; still on the whole Indian
botanists may be said not to have grudged the rather wholesale dispersal, seeing that
what was their loss was the gain of the great European Herbaria. It was besides
always possible to begin afresh, and there has been brought together at Calcutta,
since his time, a collection such as probably Dr. Wallich never dreamed of. But what
has been in the highest degree detrimental to Indian systematic botany has been the
peculiar way in which Wallichian specimens, no matter how fragmentary, have been
converted into fetishes; and in which Wallichian names, in cases like the present,
have been made to override names that, accompanied by intelligible descriptions,
are to be found attached to the same plants in the Prodromus Herbarium. Indian
botanists have never grudged the loss of the typical Wallichian specimens, but they
have often felt, considering how these types have been misused, that it would have
been a greater blessing to Indian botany, had the Wallichian Herbarium, by some
happy accident, totally disappeared.
394 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
16. Desmopium Scape DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Mantipur; Clarke n. 42029 !
17. Desmopium opcorpDATUM Kure.
Add to distribution :—Sumatra (Teysmann u. 3909 !)
18. Dersmopium opLoncum Wall. —
Var. typica ; leaves oblong, obtuse.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Manreur, Watt n. 5083!
Var. acutifolium; leaves larger, ovate-lanceolate acute, flowers
rather smaller, whole plant larger and stouter. D. substipulaceum
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. pt. 2. xlv. 230 not of Bl.
Burma; Nattoung Mts., Revd. Cross! Mogouk, Cooper !
It is just possible that this variety may be specifically distinct from D. obtuswm ;
this at least was the opinion of Mr. Kurz. Its fruits, however, are exactly like
those of D. oblongum and are not like those of the plant to which he has referred
it. The plant with which Mr. Kurz has united it has, besides, 3-foliolate leaves, while
all our specimens of this have simple leaves. The latter difference, however, may
not be of specific importance, since D. oblongum proper is described by Mr. Baker
as having simple leaves, which is true of all our specimens at Calcutta eacept Wall.
Cat. n. 5714 itself, where the leaves are 3-foliolate.
19. Desmopium oBLatum Bak.
. This, as the F. B. I. points ont, is very close to n. 44. D. reniforme, which is also
cited as occurring in Burma. Mr. Kurz has doubted (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt.
2. 230) that D. reniforme is Burmese ; certainly all Kurz’s specimens from Burma, as
well as the only Wallichian one at Calcutta (Wali. Cat. n. 5702—the Prome portion
only) are D. oblatwm rather than D. reniforme; recently, however, genuine D.
reniforme has been received from Maymyo and elsewhere. But the plants do not
appear to the writer to differ even as varieties; D. oblatwm does not always have
longer pedicels than D. reniforme, and some of our Maymyo specimens are interesting
on account of their having the slightly indented pods of D. reniforme and the deeply
indented ones of D. oblatum on the same branch.
20. DesmopiuM SINUATUM Blume.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Uprzr Burma; Mogouk, Cooper /
Add to distribution :—Szechuen, Pratt ( n. 422 !)
This appears to be no more than the representative in the Eastern Peninsula of
the Himalayan D. sequaxy (n. 31). Except for the rather closer tomentum on the
leaves beneath, and for the fact that the end-leaflet is rhomboid and obtuse in
this plant, instead of ovate-oblong and acute as in D. sequaz, it would be impossible
to distinguish the two. From their position in the F. B. I. it might be gathered
that the two plants differ as regards calyx. This, however, is not the ease, the
calyx in the two is indistinguishable, as are the corollas and the pods.
Pratt n. 422 has been issued as D. grossicrenatum Franch. If this identification
be correct then Mr. Franchet’s name becomes a synonym of D. sinuatum. There
is not, however, any authentic example of D. grossicrenatum at Calcutta.
21. DeESMoDIUM SAMBUENSE DOC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; common from the Chin
Hills to the Shan Plateau. ,
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminosae. 395
This species is the Desmodium floribundum of G. Don (Hedysarum floribundum
of D. Don). The F. B. I. suggests that it is the same as D. sambuense DC. (Hedy-
sarum sambuense D. Don) ; this is undoubtedly the case. The name D. floribundum,
used in the F. B. I., only dates from 1832, whereas the names D. multiflorum DC. and
D. elegans Lindl., given as synonyms, date from 1825 and 1826 respectively. Authors
have accorded preference now to one, now to another of the rival names D. floribun-
dum and D. multiflorum, while asa matter of fact the synonym that should have
been used throughout is the one here employed.
D. elegans has thinner leaves, less hairy beneath, and blunter at the points
than those of D. sambuense proper; D. floribundum (D. multiflorwm) has more
numerous racemes and smaller leaves than D. sambuense proper. But all sorts of
intermediates occur, and it is impossible to separate the three even as varieties.
21b. Desmopium KuLHarreNnse O. B. Clarke MSS.; leaflets entire,
pedicels long, joints many small quite glabrous.
Sixxim ; at Hee, 4000 feet, Clarke nn. 18096! 18109!
Branches woody, obscurely angled, sparsely hirsute. Stipules lanceolate, % in.,
leaflets subcoriaceous, wide-lanceolate, perfectly glabrous above, very densely vel-
vety with adpressed grey-silky hairs beneath; end-leaflet 23-4 in. long, 3-1 in.
across, on a petiolule 3—3 in. long, gradually tapering upwards from junction of lower
and middle thirds to a long subacuminate point, and downwards to a rounded or
cuneate-truncate base ; lateral Jeaflets almost sessile, 2-3 in. long, 4 to } in. across,
tapering upwards like the central but with avery oblique rounded base. Racemes
rather copious, axillary and terminal, 5-8 in. long; pedicels usually } in., very
slender, glabrescent. Calyz i in., teeth larger than tube. Corollaunknown. Pods
1-1} in. long, under } in. broad ; joints 6-8, longer than broad, without pubescence,
finely reticulate-veined.
‘This plant is very nearly related to the preceding, of which it has the habit.
But its less angular branches, its very different leaves, and its glabrous pods with
finely reticulate joints borne on slender pedicels twice as long, make it very distinct.
Mr. Clarke, the only botanist who has met with the plant, originally gave to his
specimens the name now quoted, perhaps without any intention of incurring the
responsibility of recognising it as specifically distinct; indeed he has, ata later
date, himself reduced it to D. multiflorum (D. sambuense). Mr. Kurz, Mr. Brace,
Dr. King and the writer having at different times independently examined
Mr. Clarke’s specimens, and having all formed the opinion that his plant must be
distinguished asa species, this opportunity is taken of providing the diagnosis neces-
sary for its recognition; Mr. Clarke’s original tentative name, being an excellent
one, has been adopted here.
The relationship of this plant is, however, even more Close with the next species,
of which it has the long-pedicelled flowers and glabrous pods, with joints reticulated
externally, than it is with D. sambuense. But the species referred to (D. khasia-
num) has much larger pods, as large as in D. serriferum and in D. tiliefolium, while
the somewhat similar leaflets, also glabrous above, are smaller and much less hairy
beneath.
2lc. Desmoprum kaasianum Prain; leaflets entire, pedicels long,
corolla large, bracts lanceolate, joints of pod many large quite
glabrous, reticulate-veined. D. serriferum Wall. Cat. 5708 (C only, in
Jin 50
396 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Cat. Lith. p. 215 inter addend.) D.oxyphyllum Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.,
not of DC. and hardly of Bak.
Knasia and Jaintga Hills; ‘ Montes Sillet,” 7.e., Khasia, Cones
(Wall. Cat. 5708 C)! Khasia, 2-4000 feet, Hooker and Thomson ! Griffith
(Kew Dist. n. 1621, Field n. 389)! Gallatly n. 676! Mann n. 281!
Clarke nn. 15154! 17813! 19167! 40415! 45119! Jowai, Dr. King’s
Collector !
Branches slender terete, soon glabrescent. Petiole 2 in. to 1 in. long; leaflets
subcoriaceous ovate, terminal 2—2} in. long, lin. across, tapering from the middle to
an abruptly short-acuminate apex and to a cuneate-truncate base, on a petiolule +
in. long ; Jateral similar but smaller, shortly petioluled, 1-14 in. long and with a sub-
equally rounded base; all quite glabrous above, clothed with adpressed silky hairs,
and finely reticulate-veined beneath. Racemes copious, axillary and terminal, mo-
derately close; bracts lanceolate, ciliated, + in. long; pedicels erecto-patent, slender,
glabrescent, }-2 in. long. Calyx } in., teeth triangular as long as tube. Corolla 3
in. Pod 13-2 in., joints 3; in. wide, rather longer than broad, 4~7, quite glabrous,
finely reticulated.
This species is apparently confined to the mountain slopes to the north of
Silhet. It was issued under n. 5708C. by Dr. Wallich—though at a date subse-
quent to the original issue of n, 5708—as part of his Desmodiwm serriferwm, a
species from Nepal and Kamaon of which the types are Wall. Cat. n. 5708 A.
& n. 5708 B. (Lith. Cat. p. 195). .
Though somewhat nearly related to D. serriferum, this is very easily distinguished
by its longer pedicels, its perfectly entire and somewhat differently shaped leaflets, as
well as by its quite glabrous pods, the reticulations of which stand in bolder relief,
aud by its very different calyx with acute teeth as long as the tube.
Wall. Cat. n. 5708 C. is not referred to in the F. B. I., but that this plant (which
occurs as D. oxyphyllum both in Herb. Griffith. and in Herb. Ind. Or.) has been
included under D. o«yphyllum in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 167 seems probable from the fact
that Khasia is there cited as a locality for that species; D. serriferwm (D. ovyphyllum
Bak., not DC.) does not occur anywhere to the east of Nepal, whence came the
specimen originally described by Mr. De Candolle.
22. DeEsmopium conrertum DC.
The original specimens of Hedysarum dioicwm Ham. (Desmodium dioicwm DC.),
named by Hamilton himself, show that D. confertwm is only D. dioicwm DC. But from
the fact that the name employed in the F. B. I. is much more familiar, and also
because the plant is not truly dicecious, it seems unnecessary to give up its use
in favour of the synonym that perhaps technically ought to replace it.
23. Desmopium serRireruM Wall. Cat. 5708 A and B. D. oxyphyllum
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 167 not of DC, nor of Herb. Ind. Or.
This species is nearly related to the preceding but is at once distinguished by
its very short obtuse calyx-teeth.
A slight alteration must be made in the account of the distribution of the species
as given ‘nthe F. B.I. The plant has never been found in Assam or in Khasia;
these localities must therefore be deleted; they depend, as already explained, on
the erroneous identification by Dr. Wallich of D, khasianwm with his own D. serri-
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 397
ferum. Nor are there any specimens from the Eastern Himalaya at Calcutta ; all the
Sikkim examples of a plant with flowers and fruits like those of D. serriferwm
have the obtuse or subacute leaves characteristic of D. tilizfoliwm.
As has been already explained under that species, the true D. owyphyllum is a
member of § Podocarpum and does not bear the faintest resemblance to D. serriferwm.
The var. serriferum of the F. B. I. has no existence. Itis made up of two
plants :— Wall. Cat. 5708 A.— which is, as it happens, exactly the same as Wall. Cat.
5708 B.; in any case, even had the two differed, the specimen under the letter A.
must Obviously have marked the type of Wallich’s species: and Wall. Cat. 5710
issued by Dr. Wallich as D. polycarpuwm—which it in no way resembles. Indeed, n.
5710 is not distinguishable from D. tilizfoliwm, as represented by his n. 5707.
24. DESMODIUM TILIZFOLIUM G, Don.
This species bears to D. serriferum very nearly the relationship that D, sinuatum
bears to D. sequax; that is to say its floral structure is identical and it is only to be
distinguished by the shape of its leaflets and the different degree of tomentum on its
leaves. To this species Mr. Baker reduces D. nutans Wall. which has thicker leaves
and very large lax panicles, and D. argentewm which has rugose almost coriaceous
leaves very densely villous beneath. As represented by Dr. Wallich’s three sheets,
viz. 5707 (D. tiliefolium) ; 5718, (D. argentewm) and 5706, (D. nutans), it would be
perfectly easy to define three “species.” But intermediates of all kinds abound
and the writer has found it impossible to give satisfactory characters for separating
them as varieties. The fruits of all three are identical and, indeed, hardly differ
from those of D. serriferum, in which a monographer must, the writer believes,
necessarily ultimately merge all three.
True D. tiliwfolium extends from the Kuram Valley, Aitchison ! and Hazara,
Stewart ! to Sikkim, King ! and Szechuen, Pratt! But it is very rare in Sikkim, and
has never been reported from Nepal or from any portion of the Assam ranges. The
other two forms are more local; D. argenteum extends only from Nepal westward
to Chamba, while D. nutans seems to be confined to Kamaon and Garhwal and to be
rare there.
The F. B. I. reports one or other of the forms, without indicating which, from
Tavoy, but no one has hitherto sent specimens of the plant to Calentta from any
part of Burma. In Upper Burma its place appears to be taken by the not dissimilar
D. karensiuwm, which is at once recognised by its sabulate calyx-teeth as long as
the tube. In Tenasserim it is replaced by another very distinct species, D. insigne,
which, with a calyx like that of D. karensiwm, is distinguished both from that
species and from D. tilixfolium by its persistent scarious bracts.
24b. DeEsmMopiuM KARENSIUM Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2.
928 and 232; leaflets usually larye acuminate softly velvety-pubescent
beneath, pedicels moderately long, bracts lanceolate deciduons, corolla
large, jomts many, densely clothed with minute brown-pubescence and
with white spreading hairs intermixed.
Burma; Pegu, Bookee Ridges, 4500 feet, Kurz n. 1676/C. ! Thoung-
yeen, Brandis! Shan Hills; at Madoe, Lwekaw, and near Fort Stedman,_-
King’s Collectors ! ;
A shrub 4-5 feet high, branches black, angular, glabrescent. Petiole 4 in.;
leaflets herbaceous 6 in. long, 3 in. wide, green sparsely setulose-hirsute above,
398 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
densely velvety beneath with grey-silky pubescence, all ovate-oblong acuminate, the
central wide-cuneate at base, on a petiolule 1{ in. long, the lateral with very short
petiolules, almost rounded at base, margins slightly repand-sinuate. Racemes copious
lax axillary and terminal, very slender and usually shorter than the leaves, often
compound, branched at base; pedicels 4 in., very slender, finely puberulous, ascend-
ing. Calyx 3 in., sparsely pubescent, teeth subulate as long as the widely campanu-
late tube. Corolla in. Pods 1-13 in., joints 5-6, rather longer than broad.
This in general appearance resembles D. tilixfolium, but the black angular
stems and the very different calyx and pods amply distinguish it. Though it bears
less general resemblance to D. sambuense it is in reality most closely related to that
species; it has similar stems, not however as in D. sambuense with lines of spread-
ing hairs along the angles, and similar though much larger’ pods, the joints being
four times the size of those of D. sambuense. The leaves also are very different in
shape besides being many times larger; the calyx teeth, too, are much narrower in
this species.
24c.. DesmopiumM INSIGNE Prain; leaflets very large, ovate-acute,
densely hoary beneath, pedicels moderately long; bracts lanceolate
scarious persistent, corolla large ; joints quite glabrous reticulate-venose.
Tenasserim ; at Endine Ghor, 1000 feet, Gallatly ! j
Branches woody, angular, densely uniformly rusty-pubescent. Petioles short,
1-14 in. only; leaflets thick flexible subcoriaceous, green rugose and sparsely
setulose above, densely persistently matted with whitish silky hairs beneath; all
ovate-acute with rounded bases; the end one, on a petiolule that may be 2 in. long
and always exceeds the petiole proper, 9 in. long, 6 in. across; the lateral almost
sessile, 6 in. long, 4in. across. Racemes copious lax, sometimes a foot long, axillary
and terminal, the latter at times paniculate, pedicels 4 in. finely downy,.arising in
fascicles from the axils of 2-3 lanceolate externally rusty-pubescent rigid persistent
bracts. Calyx 4 in., pubescent, teeth triangular, acuminate, rather shorter than the
narrow-campanulate tube. Corolla? in. Pods 1 in.; joints about 6, rather broader
than long, quite glabrous.
A species very distinct on account of its peculiar persistent rigid bracts, dis-
posed in groups along the rachis of the racemes and with fascicles of pedicels in their
axils. The leaves, though of larger size, have the facies of those of that form of
D. tilizfolium which constitutes D. argentewm. | |
24d. Desmopium Kinetanum Prain; leaflets obtuse or subacute,
softly grey-silky beneath, bracts small, pedicels short, joints broad
densely shortly tomentose, the sutures densely pubescent with longish
white hooked hairs.
Burma; Shan States at Saga, King’s Collectors !
Shrubby, branches and petioles rusty-pubescent. Petiole 2 in., leaflets rather
thick, green, sparsely pubescent above, densely silky beneath, all broad obovate
obscurely repand, bases wide-deltoid ; central petiolule #in. Racemes short dense
4 in. long, axillary and terminal pedicels 3 in., erect, puberulous. Calyx 5 in. wide,
campanulate, pubescent, teeth subulate, remote, as long as tube. Pod 1} in. long,
1 in, wide, dorsal suture straight, ventral very slightly sinuate; joints usually 6,
broader than long, the last apiculate, thin, tardily separating.
An excecdingly distinet species with pods altogether different from those of
1897. | D. Prain—: Some additional Leguminose. 399
any other Indian species. The corollas, said by the native collector to be blue, are
absent from the specimens reported. The pods most resemble those of D. gyrans,
but are altogether different in not opening along the ventral suture and in dehiscing
transversely. The leaves recall those of D. sinwatum.
24e. DersmopDIUM MEGAPHYLLUM Zoll. Nat. en CGleneesk. Arch. iii.
58; leaflets all ovate-lanceolate acuminate repand, densely softly
velvety or sparsely silky beneath, pedicels long slender, bracts lanceo-
late deciduous, corolla medium, joints many, reticulate-veined, sparsely
puberulous or glabrous. Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 139.
Var. typica; leaves softly velvety beneath; secondary nervation
hidden by the tomentum; pods sparingly puberulous. Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 245, excluding both synonyms.
Perak; Valley of Batung. Padang, 2000 feet, Wray n. 14411
Disrris. Java, Tjiboddas (Kurz n. 939! issued under the name D.
sequax ; Zollinger ; Junghuhn).
Var. glabrescens ; leaves sparsely covered with silky hairs beneath,
secondary nervation prominent; pods quite glabrous.
TrnasseRIM; Meetan, 4000 feet, and Moolyet 5000 feet, Gallatly !
Moolyet, Beddome n. 21.
A shrub 8 feet high, with dark glabrescent subterete branches. Petioles 2 in;
leaflets rather pale-green membranous, very sparingly puberulous above, beneath
from densely velvety to sparingly puberulous, secondary nervation always prominent
but in the Perak and Java form hidden by the denser pubescence; end-leaflet 5 in.
long, 24-8 in. across, its petiolule ? in., its base wide-cuneate, lateral-leatlets 33 in.
long, 2 in. across, their bases obliquely rounded, their petiolules short. Racemes in
rather lax terminal panicles 8-12 in. long; pedicels {-} in., glabrous, erecto-patent.
Calyx very small 7 in. long, campanulate, glabrous, teeth triangular shorter than the
tube. Corolla pale-violet $ in. Pod dull-crimson, 2-23 in. long, } in. wide, slightly
indented on both sutures; joints 6-8, rather longer than broad, distinctly reticulate-
venose, sparingly puberulous or glabrous.
A very distinct and beautiful species; the identity of the Perak plant with
Zollinger’s original specimens has been established by Mr. C. B. Clarke who kindly
, compared the Desmodia of Dr. King’s Malayan collections with the material of the
genus at Kew. Miquel’s synonym ‘“‘ D. scandens BI.” refers to a plant that he else-
where treats as a variety of D. strangulatum, and that was subsequently advanced
to specific rank in the F. B. I. under the name D. sinuatum Bl. MSS.: Miquel’s
second synonym ‘“D. rubescens Bl.” refers to D. sequar Wall., which also occurs
in Java (Kurz n. 965). But both of Miquel’s proposals are untenable, for even if it
be ultimately found necessary to merge D. sinuatum in D. sequaz, it with still obvi-
ously be necessary to keep D. megaphyllum apart from both as a very distinct species.
26. Desmopium GanGeticuom DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Prenanea; Pinara Bukit, Curtis 2771!
Nicopars ; Jelinek 233!
| 26b. Desmopium vircatum Zoll. Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. iii. 58;
leaflet membranous or subcoriaceous, oblong entire acute, glabrescent
4.00 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No, 2,
on the upper surface; corolla 3-4 times the calyx, pod densely clothed
with minute hooked hairs. D. latifolium Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
168 not of DC. D. latifolium vaR. virgatum Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 247.
D. gangeticum VAR. acuminatum Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i, 248.
Currragonc; Rangamati, Clarke! Burma; Prome, Wallich (Cat.
n. 5692 G.in part); Pegu, Kurz! Shan Hills, Collett! Purax; Scorte-
chint n. 1594! Drsrris. Malay Archipelago.
Stems suberect reaching 3-4 feet high, woody, slightly angular. Leaflet oblong
5-6 in. long, thinly clothed beneath with grey hairs. acemes copious ascending
4-8 in. long, slender. Pod $-% in. long, ~, in. broad, 4-6 jointed.
This plant in habit and foliage osotibles D. gangeticum; in flowers and fruits,
D. latifoliwm.
27. Dersmopium tatiFotium DC,
Delete the synonym D. virgatwm Zoll.
31. DeEsmopium sEquax Wall.
Very nearly related to D. sinuatum Blume, to which it bears the relationship
that D. serriferum bears to D. tilizfoliwum. The specimens from Mishmi collected
by Dr. Griffith apparently include both “species,” those at Kew being referred by Mr.
Baker to D. sinuatum. All the Mishmi specimens at Calcutta belong on the con-
trary to D. sequaz, the end-leaflets being narrowed gradually to a point.
32. Dzsmopium concinnum DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—-Burma; Bookee ridges, Kurz !
The Burmese specimens are referable to vak. amena Bak., but intermedi-
ates from the Khasia Hills are so plentiful that the existence of this variety cannot
be satisfactorily maintained.
33. DeSMODIUM RETROFLEXUM DOC.
Delete the locality ‘‘ Tenasserim.”
34. Dersmopium capitatum DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:— PERAK; common, Kunstler n. 361 !
Scortechinit n. 45! Tunasserim ; Helfer.
35. Desmopium GriFFITHIANUM Bth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; Chin Hills, King’s Collectors !
38. Desmopium potycarpum DC. .
Some of the forms included by Dr. Wight and Prof. Walker-Arnott in this
species are at least varietally distinct, notably that issued by Dr. Wallich as
D. ovalifoliwm, in which the leaflets are narrowed to an acute apex and have some-
times a truncate or even subcordate base. This form is plentiful in Tenasserim, the
Andamans, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. The D. polycarpum of the F. B. I. is
rather a group of forms aggregated for convenience, than a well-defined species.
The object of the aggregation.is readily appreciable: it will be noticed, however,
that the reasons for adopting it are the reverse of those made use of in the similar
D. triquetrum group. There, all the forms whose foliage happens to be similar are.
grouped together in spite of their having somewhat different flowers and totally
different fruits. Here, a number of forms with flowers and fruits that are not
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 401
easily distinguishable are brought together in spite of very great and apparently
constant differences in foliage. Under this mode of treatment, if consistently
applied, D. sequax and D. sinuatwm should have been united, as also should
D. serriferum and D. tilizfoliwm, and again D. reniforme and D. oblatum,
40. DeEsMODIUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM Bak.
41. DesmMop1UM PARVIFLORUM Bak.
These two species do not accord at all well with the generic definition of
Desmodium, and are more conveniently referred to Alysicarpus, in which they were
originally placed by Dalzell.
42b. Desmopium BirMANNIcCUM Watt; shrubby, suberect, leaflets 3,
pedicels long, spreading or deflexed, bracts large, flowers and joiuts of
pod small. D. oblongum Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 226,
229 not of Wall.
Borma; Pegu, rather frequent, Kurz n. 1677 bis.! 2532!
A suberect undershrub with woody slightly angular slender branches, sparingly
clothed upwards with longish adpressed whitish hairs. Petiole } in.; leaflets mem-
branous elliptic, sparingly clothed with adpressed silky hairs on both jbitntieek green
above, glaucescent beneath; end-leaflet 1? in. long, 1 in. across, its petiolule 4 in.
long; lateral almost sessile 1 in. long. Racemes in laxly spreading terminal panicles
a foot long or more; bracts large membranous subpersistent ovate-acuminate ;
pedicels } in. long, almost glabrous. Calyx § in., teeth acuminate twice as long as
the tube. Corolla under 4 in. Pod $-? in. long, } in. broad, minutely puberulous,
splitting throughout along the lower suture ; joints 4—6, only occasionally separating
transversely.
A very distinct species which Mr. Kurz at first appears to have considered a
variety of D. polycarpum, but which he afterwards treated and issued as D. oblongum.
Dr. Watt, who has placed a MSS. description of the plant in Herb. Calcutta, has,
however, very justly proposed to treat it as a species. It is most nearly related to
D. polycarpum, but the lax panicles, very long pedicels and very differently dehiscing
pods, amply distinguish it.
44, DESMODIUM RENIFORME DC.
Very nearly, perhaps too nearly, related to this is D. oblatum Bak.
45. DESMODIUM HETEROPHYLLUM DC.
This seems to be the representative in Indo-China and Malaya of D. triflorwm.
It occurs, but is rare, in S. India and Ceylon, while it is extremely common, as an
indigenous species, in Burma, the Andamans and Nicobars, Tenasserim and the
Malay Peninsula. D. triflorwm, which is so common in India, is rare in Burma, and
in the Andamans and Malaya occurs only sparingly about the various settlements,
with all the appearance of being a quite recent introduction from India.
49. Desmoprium eyroipes DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Prrax; Kinta river, Kunstler n. 765!
56. SHUTERIA W. & A.
1. SHoureria vestita W. & A.
Add to localities of #. B. I. :— Daputa ends Inster ! Naca HItts ;
402 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminosee. [ No. 2,
Prain! Manteur; Watt! Burma; Poneshee, J. Anderson! North Shan
States, Gatacre! South Shan States, King’s Collectors! Karen Hills,
Brandis! Pegu, Kurz! Tenasserim; on Moolyet, 5000 feet, Gallatly !
Disrrip. Java (Kurz 1103!)
The specimens from all these localities and from those mentioned in the Flora
of British India agree exactly.
Var, glabrata Bak.; (S. glabrata W. & A.) is hardly distinguishable as a
variety. Its calyx, even in Wight’s original authentic examples, is not at all glabres-
cent, and the leaflets, though elsewhere glabrous, have a few hairs on the main-
nerves beneath. None of Simons’ Khasia specimens at Calcutta belong to this
variety; of sixteen different gatherings from the Assam Hills preserved in Herb.
Calcutta, every specimen belongs to typical S. vestita.
‘he two other varieties of the F. B. J. are founded on plants that are
specifically quite distinct from 8. vestita.
1b. SHUTERIA DENSIFLORA Benth. in Pl. Jungh. 232. S. vestita var.
densiflora Bak. in Flor. Brit Ind. 11. 182.
GaruwaL; Kumaon; Nepau. C. InpiaA; Pachmarhi, Duthie !
This species is very distinct from 8. vestita, to which it has been reduced in
the Flora of British India. It is easily recognised by its glabrous pods and by the
more horizontal, early-forking secondary nerves of its larger leaflets.
9. SuHureria Hirsuta Bak. Amphicarpea ferruginea Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. & T. not of Benth. Pueraria anabaptista Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 253.
Substitute for localities of F. B. I. :—
Sikkim; very common, Hooker! Anderson! Clarke! Gamble! Boo-
tan; Olarke! Kuasia; fide Baker in #. B. I. Burma; Chin Hills, King’s
Collectors! near Bhamo, J. Anderson! Shan Hills, Collett! Fulton !
King’s Collectors! Pegu, Kurz! Karen Hills, Mason! Trnassmrim ; at
Lathorgee, 2500 feet, Gallatly! Disrris. Sumatra (Forbes n. 1240!)
Mr. Kurz has distinguished two varieties which differ from each other exactly
as Shuteria vestita proper and its var. glabrata do from each other, and are therefore
hardly worthy of being distinguished. The writer, to avoid confusion, here follows
the F. B. I. in keeping this species in Shuteria, to which it is referred on account
of the axillary stamen being quite free from the others. But with the exception of
this single character the plant is altogether a Pweraria, and as the definition of
Pueraria in the Genera Plantarum admits species exhibiting this character, it will
no doubt ultimately be necessary to readopt the view held by Mr. Kurz.
3. SHUTERIA FERRUGINEA Bak.
This has recently been collected again in Nepal by Dr. Scully, and an examina-
tion of his and Dr. Wallich’s original specimens leads the writer to think that Mr.
Baker’s view as to its generic position may be correct; Mr. Kurz, however, did
not assent to it. There appear to be two varieties :—
a, typica; bracts deciduous. S. ferruginea Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind, ii. 182.
Nepat; on Sheopore, Wallich n. 56516! Scully n. 121! Sikkim; Kurz !
1897.] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 403
b. VAR. bracteosa ; bracts persistent. S. bracteosa C. B, Clarke MSS. Pueraria
strobilifera Kurz MSS.
Srxxm ; Clarke n. 18493! Kuasta; G. Mann! Collett! Clarke n. 40383 !
Both Mr. Brace and Mr. Clarke have independently noted their belief that
this plant is a species of Shuteria distinct from any yet described, and in this they
only share an opinion noted at a still earlier date by Mr. Kurz who, however,
placed it, as he did S. hirsuta, in Pueraria. :
The calyx-teeth of the Sikkim plant are rather shorter than in genuine 9.
ferruginea, but its bracts are exactly like those of the Khasia plant, in all three
therings of which it is impossible to find a floral character that will separate
the form from the Nepal one. None of the gatherings of either variety has ripe
fruits and in their absence the writer has not ventured to follow Mr. Clarke*and the
other botanists whose opinion is quoted, in giving it specific rank. Should its validity
as a species be ultimately established, the plant, if accepted as a Shwteria, will be
known as S. bracteosa Clarke; should it prove a Pueraria, it will be P. strobilifera
Kurz.
4b. Suurerta tnvotucrata W. & A. Prodr. 207. S. vestita var.
involucrata Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 182.
Norra-West Himataya and NEPAL; common.
This species is quite distinct from S. vestita ; it is very closely related, however,
to S. sufulta Bth., which is the representative form in Burma and which might be
reduced to S. involucrata, as a variety, with rather more justice than S. densiflora
can possibly be to S. vestita.
58. GLYCINE Linn.
1. Guycrne gavanica Linn.
Add to distribution :— Sumatra (Forbes /)
2. GLYCINE PENTAPHYLLA Dalz.
Recent specimens of this from Canara, collected by Mr. Talbot, have all the
leaves 7-foliolate.
3. GuycIne HISPIDA Mazim. Mel. Biol. ix. 70 (1873). Soja hispida
“Moench ; DC. Prodr. ii. 396. Glycine Soja Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii.
266; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 1&4, not of Sieb. & Zucc. The Soy Bran.
Mr. Maximowicz in 1873 pointed out that Glycine Soja S. & Z. is not the culti-
vated “ Soy,’’ but is the wild species that was subsequently redescribed by Regel and
Maack as Giycine ussuriensis. For this reason Mr. Maximowicz suggested the use
of the name Glycine hispida, since Mcench had named the “Soy” Soja hispida and
because that name had become almost classical owing to its use in the Prodromus.
As Sir J. D. Hooker and Mr. Jackson have adopted Mr. Maximowicz’ suggestion in
their Index Kewensis, and as Mr. Duthie has also followed it in his Field and Garden
Crops, it is necessary to indicate the fact here. ‘There is, however, no doubt that the
“Soy ” is Roxburgh’s Dolichos Soja and it is almost equally certain that it is Dolichos
Soja Linn. ; it would therefore, in the writer’s opinion, be far better to retain the
name Glycine Soja for our plant, citing as our authority Bentham in Journ. Linn.
Soc. viii. 266, and allow the name G. ussuriensis to be substituted for that of the
wild species previously named G. Soja by Siebold and Zuccarini.
Mr. Baker says of the Soy, ‘ often cultivated’; this might lead to the supposi-
5 ea eae |
AOA D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
tion that it is a wild species in India. This it most certainly is not ; even as an
escape it is of rare occurrence. In connection with this it may be mentioned that
in one of the few unequivocal instances of ‘escape’ among Herb. Calcutta examples,
(specimens collected by Mr. Kurz on the banks of the Ganges at Sahebganj) the
plant, instead of having suberect, has long trailing stems; but for their greater
hispidity the specimens might well pass as representing the wild G. wsswriensis.
Very probably, therefore, Mr. Maximowicz’ suspicion that the Soy is only a culti-
vated variety of the Ussuri plant may be correct.
59. TERAMNUS 6&w.
2. TERAMNUS FLEXILIS Bth.
Add to synonyms of F. B. [.:—Glycine oxyphylla Grah. in Wall.’
Oat. 5522. Galactia? oxyphylla Bih. in Plant. Jungh. 233. Teramnus
oxyphylla Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 254.
60. MUCUNA Apays.
The genus Mucuna Adans. is admittedly the same as the genus Stizolobium
Pers. ; the name given by Adanson in 1763 is therefore much older than that used by
Persoon in 1807. By Persoon’s own showing, however, the name Stizolobiwm did not
originate with him but was first used by P. Browne in his History of Jamaica in
1756. There seems then, at first sight, as Dr. Otto Kuntze remarks (Rev. Gen. Plant.
vy. 206) no reason why the name Stizolobiwm should be suppressed. Dr. Kuntze
has therefore proposed to recognise our genus Mucuna as Stizolobium P. Br.; this
gives him the opportunity of enumerating all the species hitherto known, except
those described by Persoon, as Kuntzean species.
But the subject bears closer examination. It is to be noted that the name
Stizolobium was applied by Browne exclusively to species with seeds that have a
small hilum. The only species of Mucwna (as now understood) with seeds having
a large annular hilum, that Browne knew, was treated by him as the type of a
distinct genus which he named Zoophthalmum. Adanson, it is true, in his generic
description ascribes to the genus as a whole the seeds characteristic only of
Browne’s Zoophthalmum, but his citations show that he included in it one plant
belonging to Zoophthalmum and another plant belonging to Stizolobium. There is
therefore no doubt that the oldest name for the genus as a whole is, as De
Candolle in Prodr. ii. 404 has indicated, the name J/ucuna Adans. Persoon used
the name Stizolobiwm, not in the sense of P. Browne, but as the precise equi-
valent of Mucuna Adans. And Kuntze’s remark that Bentham and Hooker in
the Genera Plantarum “incorrectly ” attribute the name Stizolobiwm to Persoon
is, to say the least, disingenuous. If the two ‘“‘genera” of P. Browne are to
be considered, as Kuntze apparently agrees to consider them, only parts of one
genus, then the oldest name for that conjoint genus is Mucuna Adans. To quote
as the name of the enlavged genus the word Stizolobiwm and to give as the authority
for the name in this sense the reference by P. Browne, is to say and to claim some-
thing quite other than was said or claimed by the author of the name. Per,
soon can be quoted as the authority for the word in precisely this sense, but
when quoted on Persoon’s authority the name is not so old as the name Mucuna.*
* One may ask why, while he was about it, Dr. Kuntze did not try to revive the
name Parrana of Rumphius, which is, no seis) an older name for a species of
Mucwna than any that Kuntze mentions,
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 405
If this hunting for prior names is to be made a pastime, which it appears to have
become with a number of botanists who, if the truth must be told, mostly hold
appointments wherein they are paid to do work far other and far more useful, then
let the game be played, as games should,—fairly. When priority-mongers cease
to be disingenuous,—when they cease to put into the mouths of authors expressions
of opinion that the authors themselves did not utter, and would probably most
strongly repudiate,—serious botanists, who are content to use nomenclature as a
working-tool and not as a plaything, will be able to meet them halfway and to
help in the task of bringing order out a chaos that, after all, is largely of their
own making. This much, however, is certain; if good is to be done, it must be done
by men of greater judgment than any who as yet have taken it upon themselves
to criticise the nomenclature codified in De Candolle’s Prodromus, in the Genera
Plantarwm of Bentham and Hooker, or in Asa Gray’s Manual.
Turning from this profitless discussion to the species of Mucwna themselves,
one finds that various groupings of these have been proposed from time to time.
There are two very natural groups within the genus, readily determined by the
nature of the seeds.. In one group, which exactly coresponds to Stizolobium P.
Br., the small oval seeds have a small lateral oblong-linear hilum; in the other,
which equally exactly corresponds to Zoophthalmum P. Br., the large discoid seeds
are provided with a large hilum that extends round from two-thirds to three-
fourths of the periphery of the disc. So very natural is the distinction between
the two groups that the writer, though he does not here venture to formally pro-
pose the step, is quite convinced that, were the genus adequately monographed,
it would be found necessary to recognise in them two separate genera; when
this happens the bibliographical discussion will end, of its own accord, in the
restoration of both the generic names proposed by P. Browne.
In Prodromus ii. 405, De Candolle has practically recognised the groups in
question but has only treated them as separate sections ; he has used to designate
them, in a sectional sense, the two generic names of P. Browne. M. De Candolle did
not, however, note the error into which M. Adanson had fallen regarding the seeds ;
like Adanson, he has attributed to all the species a circumferential hilam. He
has thus been led to use, in distinguishing his two sections, a purely external
and, as we now know, a somewhat variable charaeter,—the presence or absence
of plaits and furrows on the sides of the pods. This has led to his inclusion in
Stizolobium of one species (M. gigantea) that most certainly does not belong to
the section.
In the Genera Plantarum, for the first time, Bentham and Hooker made full
use Of the natural character derived from the seeds. At the same time, however,
they continued to employ the character used by M. De Candolle. They have con-
sequently been led to recognise three sections :—
1. Citta; including those species with a circumferential hilum and with plaits
across the face of the pods.
2. Stizolobiwm ; including all species with a small lateral hilum.
3. Carpopogon ; including those species with a circumferential hilum but without
plaits across the face of the pods.
This arrangement has obviously the great disadvantage of intercalating the very
distinct and very natural group Stizolobiwm between two artificially separated portions
of another equally natural group, similar in rank and importance to Stizolobdiam.
The name Citta is one that had been used generically by Loureiro, but it is not
4.06 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. | No. 2,
clear why its use is preferred to that of Zoophthalmum; the limits of § Zoophthalmum
DC. and § Citta Bth. & Hk. f. are exactly the same. The name § Stizolobium is used
as in DC. Prodr., except that the species Mucuna gigantea is very properly excluded
from the section; one of its varieties is placed in § Citta, while another variety of
the same species forms, along with M. macrocarpa, the § Carpopogon of Bth. & Hk. f.
The name Carpopogon is one that had been used in a generic sense by Roxburgh as the
exact equivalent of Mucwna Adans. or Stizolobiwm Persoon. Of the convenience of
the Genera Plantarum arrangement there can be no question, and the writer would
only propose to deviate from it to the extent of treating Stizolobiwm, in the mean-
time, as a subgenus rather than as a section ; the other two sections may be con-
sidered as together forming asecond subgenus Zoophthalmum which, like Stizolobiwm,
will probably at anearly date be once more treated as generically distinct.
In the Flora of British India the arrangement advocated by Messrs. Bentham
and Hooker has been rejected entirely. The genus is subdivided into four groups,
to each of which is given the rank of a subgenus, and though, for three of the
proposed subgenera, the sectional names used by Bentham and Hooker are retained,
the definition and the limits of each of the three are altered. ‘The section Citta is
divided into two subgenera, AMPuIPTERA Bak. and Cirta “Lour.” The first of
these is distinguished by having wings down the sutures as well as plaits across
the pods, while the second has plaits but no wings. This subdivision does not
possess the advantage of being nataral. Mucuna monosperma, placed in CiTTa,
instead of being wingless down the suture as is postulated in the definition given
ot that subgenus, has wings that are sometimes as broad as those of M. imbricata
which is the type of AMPHIPTERA. The only actual difference between the wings in
the two species is that in M. monosperma the plaits extend from the surface of the
body of the pod quite across the wings ; in M. imbricata the plaits do not extend
quite across the wings. The difference then, in place of being a subgeneric one,
is so slightly a difference of degree as to be, if taken alone, barely specific. The
pods of WM. atropurpwrea and also of M. biplicata, which is included in M. atropur-
purea in the F. B. I., do appear, when cursorily examined, to be wingless. But
closer inspection shows that they are winged, exactly as in M. monosperma, with the
transverse plaits continued across the wings, only the wings are here Icbed to their
bases between each pair of plaits.
The subgenus CARPOPOGON is confined to species broadly winged down both
sutures, thus limiting the subgenus to the single species M. gigantea. The Genera
Plantarum section of this name includes species that are no more than ribbed down
each side of the suture aud thus, naturally enough, includes M. macrocarpa, which
has long woody pods and has seeds with a circumferential hilum. But M. macrocarpa,
in spite of its circumferential hilum, is put in Stizolobium by the F. B. I. thus again
rendering the definition given in the Genera Plantaram inapplicable, since that
restricts to the section Stizolobium those species that have a small hilum to the
seeds. Most unfortunately Mr. Taubert, in the authoritative Natiirlichen Pflanzen-
familien, has adopted the quite untenable divisions proposed in the F. B. I. For
not only is there no doubt that Bentham and Hooker are right in accommodating
M. macrocarpa and M. gigantea in the same natural group, there is now equally no
doubt that M. gigantea cannot be separated from the natural group containing I.
imbricata and M. monosperma. The writer has collected, in the Andamans, specimens
of M. gigantea, some of the pods of which have ridges across the face in exactly
the position of the plaits in the other species.
1897. | D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. | 407
Mr. Baker quotes Persoon as the author of his subgenus StizoLopium. But to
Persoon Stizolobium was a genus including all Baker’s subgenera. So he quotes
*Roxburgh as the author of the subgenus CarPopocon ; the same objection applies
here. The citation of Loureiro as the authority for Cirra is however particularly
unhappy, for it is in the highest degree probable, from a study of Loureiro’s des-
cription and from the knowledge we now possess of its distribution and characters,
that Mucuna imbricata, which is the basis of AMPHIPTERA, is the species described by
Loureiro as Citta nigricans; specimens of what is undoubtedly M. imbricata, noted
as having white flowers with purple spots, have recently been sent from the
Shan Hills to Herb. Calcutta; there is, therefore, not one character now left which
militates against the identification of Loureiro’s plant with M. imbricata. In any
case since Loureiro’s plant had 3-seeded pods, it cannot possibly have been either
M. monosperma or M. atropurpurea, which constitute the Citra of the F. B. I.
Subgen. I. ZoopntnHatmum. Perennial climbers; seeds large flat,
with a large hilum extending round the greater portion of their circum-
ference.
§. Citra. Pods plaited across their faces.
1. Mucuna tmpricata DC.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Nortu-West Hiataya; Vicary! A.
O. Hume! King! Mantpurn; Watt! Burma; Pegu, Brandis! Suan
Hints; “flowers white and purple,” King’s Collectors! ANDAMANS;
common, King’s Collectors !
Bracteoles at base of calyx in bud similar to bracts but many times smaller and
more deciduous.
Nearest to this is perhaps Mucuna Junghuhniana [Stizolobium Junghuhnianum
Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 208) ] from Java, which differs in being strigosely hirsute
and in having pods with plaits extending partly across the wings. The plant referred
to by Kurz (Jowrn. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, 246) as a new species near M. atropur-
purea is M. imbricata; Mr. Kurz has himself made the reduction in Herb. Calcutta.
2. Mucuna monosperma DC.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—ANDAMANS; very common every-
where in the interior jungle. Distris. Sumatra,
Bracts at base of pedicels small triangular, much smaller and much more early
deciduous than the linear bracteoles exceeding the bud. One of the Calcutta
examples of Wall. Cat. 5623 is Mucuna imbricata, the other is a mixture of M.
imbricata and M. macrocarpa; there is no M. monosperma whatever on either sheet.
Wall. Cat. 5622 must be equally confused; Mr. Baker finds that the plant represent-
ed is M. monosperma; at Calcutta on the other hand 5622 is M. gigantea.
3. Mucuna artropurrpurEA DC. Zoophthalmum atropurpureum
Prain MSS,
Delete from localities of F. B. I. :— Matacca.
The Malacca plant referred to M. atropurpurea in the F. B. I. belongs toa
distinct species and proves to be M. biplicata Teysm. & Binnend,
3a. Mucona sipticata Teysm. § Binnend. in Cat. Hort. Bog. 261;
leaflets glabrous, racemes short-peduncled close, upper calyx-lip very
408 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. '[No. 2,
short truncate, pod two-seeded twice as long as broad, plaits with re-
flexed double-margins. Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 66. M.
atropurpurea Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 185 (as to the Malayan plant
only). Zoophthalmum biplicatum Prain MSS. :
Matacca; Maingay. Perak; very common, Kunstler! Scortechini!
Wray! Penang; Curtis! Disrris. Sumatra (Forbes). Borneo (Teys-
mann ).
A slender woody climber 30-40 feet long, with glabrous branches. Leaflets
papery, dull-green, ovate-oblong cuspidate, 6-8 in. long, 5 in. across. Racemes 2 in.
long, usual!y branching at the very base, occasionally further up; bracts and brac-
teoles much as in M monosperma but the latter much smaller and shorter than the
buds. Calyx greenish-brown, ‘35 in. long, all the teeth minute densely bristly.
Corolla dark-purple, 1°75 in. long, keel abruptly incurved at end, wings 1°25 in.
long, standard °75 in. wide. Pod hardly stipitate, 3°5 in. long, 1°75 in. wide; plaits
very close ; bristles pungent, abundant, brown.
§ Carpopocon. Pods not plaited across their faces.
3b. Mucuna acuminata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5621; Prain, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 67. Zoophthalmum acuminatum Prain MSS.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Prrax; Kinta, Kunstler! Sryea-
port; Chan Chu Kang, Ridley ! Distris. Java (Forbes).
This species is referred to in the Flora of British India under M. imbricata?
Its pod has now been reported and is like that of M. gigantea; the species is therefore
a member of § Carpopogon Bth. & Hk. f. It further resembles M. gigantea in having
a pale-green corolla. From M. gigantea it is however easily distinguished by its
short corymbose inflorescence, its long calyx-teeth, its much larger flowers, and its
large boat-shaped floral bracts.
4. Mucuna Gicantea DC. Zoophthalmum giganteum Prain MSS.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—Bencat; Sundribuns, very com-
mon, Aurz! Heinig! Cryvton; Walker! Trenassertm; Tavoy, Gomez
(Wall. Cat. n. 5622)! Matay Peninsona; Pahang, Ridley! Perak;
Scortechina !
This species is very common in the Andamans where it has been collected not
only by Kurz but by Liebig, E. H. Man, and the writer, who has obtained it on’
outlying islands like Narcondam, the Coco Group and Little Andaman, as well as on
the main island. The locality ‘‘ plains of Western Peninsular,” given in the F. B. I,
the writer has been unable to authenticate. Theonly locality mentioned by Rheede,
whose figure of the plant is excellent, is one near the sea in Malabar; he says it
occurs “ in other places” than the one mentioned but does not say they are inland
ones. The only place where Wight gathered it was at Negapatam on the Cormandel
Coast; in Hooker’s Botanical Miscellany it is said to grow only near the sea.
The writer, who has given some attention to the various Mucwnas in the field,
has always found M. gigantea a strictly littoral species elsewhere and more evidence
is necessary before its inland occurrence in the Indian Peninsula can be credited:
Mr. E. H. Man notes on a specimen that this, which the Andamanese know as chékan-
da, is always found on the borders of salt-creeks and is in this respect quite unlike M,
1897. ] D. Prain — Some additional Leguminosae. ~ 409
monosperma, which the Andamanese know as piled-da and which never grows near
salt-creeks but always in the interior jungle. The lianes of M. gigantea form indeed
one of ‘the most striking features of the muddy margins of our Indian Mangrove-
swamps. The writer when in the Great Coco was at pains to obtain one entire
plant, the following were its measurements :— Diameter of main stem, close to the
mud, ‘5 in.; at 4-6 feet from the mud there issued, from latent buds, 4 of the
characteristic umbelliform pendent racemes of the species, with slender peduncles
8-15 in. long. The first branch was at a distance of 50 feet from the root, the first
leaf was at a distance of 205 feet from the mud, about 200 feet from the only flowers
on this particular plant; the leafy branches, only ‘15 in. in diam., extended 25-30
feet further. This feature of flowering from old wood has been met with in Mucuna
monosperma as well.
During another journey the writer collected, on Little Andamans, specimens of
M. gigantea with pods ridged, though not plaited, across the face, thus unfortunately
invalidating the distinction between the “subgenera” Amphiptera and Carpopogon
of the F. B. I. . ,
5. Mocuna macrocarpa Wall,
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1. 41. t. 47;
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 245. Mucuna sp. Coll. §& Hemsl.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 47. Zoophthalmum macrocarpum Prain MSS.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Uprsr Burma; Poneshee, J. Anderson !
Shan Hills plateau, 4000 feet, Collett! Pegu; in pine forests on the
Bookee ridge, common, Kurz !
The Burmese plant always has the lowest calyx-tooth longer than in the Nepal
and Sikkim plant. In specimens collected by the writer in the Khasia hills, however,
the calyx is exactly as in those collected by Dr. J. Anderson at Poneshee and by Sir
Henry Collett in the Shan hills. The pod is so exactly alike in the Burmese and in
the Himalayan plants that the writer, instead of being able to adopt the suggestion
of Sir Henry Collett and Mr. Hemsley that the Burmese one may be a new species,
is not inclined to treat it as even varietally distinct.
The perennial stems and the large circumferential hilum of the seed, mark
_ the species as undoubtedly a Zoophthalmum not a Stizolobiwm. .
Subgen. II. Srizonosium. Stems above ground annual; seeds
small ovoid with a small lateral hilum.
6. Mucuna BracreatTaA DC. Stizolobium bracteatum Kuntze Rev.
Gen. Plant. i. 208.
The Assam specimens recently issued by Mr. Clarke as M. exserta belong to
this species.
8. Mucuna capitata W. & A. Stizolobium capitatum Kuntze Rev.
Gen. Plant. i. 207.
This is not confined to the foot of the Himalayas; though found in that area it
is less common there than in the forests of Central India and Chota Nagpur. The
racemes of this are not always short, nor are the racemes of M. pruriens always
elongated; the species are only distinguishable by their pods. These last are,
however, as Mr. Baker points out, very different.
410 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. | No. 2,
61. APIOS Mancu.
APIOS CARNEA Bth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:— Burma; Chin Hills, King’s Collectors !
Shan Hills, at Fort Stedman, King’s Collectors !
62. ERYTHRINA Linn.
1. Eryraria inpica Lamk.
This is, save when planted, a purely littoral species and is common in the jungles
along the sea-face from the Sundribuns at the head of the Bay of Bengal down the
Burmese and Tenasserim coasts, occurring also along the shores of the Andamans
and Nicobars ; it is as plentiful in remote outlying islets like Narcondam as it is in the
larger ones. In all probability it never occurs inland except as an introduced tree.
2. ERYTHRINA STRICTA Roxb.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:— Assam, Mantpur, Cuirragone,
Burma, very common.
This species is, on the other hand, apparently altogether an inland one; it is,
to judge by the number of undoubtedly wild specimens sent to Herb. Calcutta, quite
as common in Indo-China as it is in India.
In the F. B. I., EB. spathacea Wall. (Lith. Cat. n. 5965) is cited as EB. indica. In the
Catalogue Dr. Wallich orfly wrote “ E. spathacea?”; on the sheets themselves he
wrote ‘“‘ H. stricta Roxb.;” further, he queries in the Catalogue whether the sheets
marked 5965 B. and 5965 C. are the’same as 5965 A. Sheets B. and C. came from
Kamaon and Hardwar respectively ; 5965 C. is not represented in Herb. Calcutta
and the writer cannot therefore express any opinion respecting it. But sheet 5965
A. at Calcutta, which came from a tree grown in the Calcutta garden, is as the
ticket upon it states, H. stricta and not FE. indica, and sheet 5965 B. at Calcutta, ¢ol-
lected in Kamaon by Mr. Blinkworth, is H. suberosa Roxb.
“8. BRYTHRINA RESUPINATA Road.
This interesting little species was found again in 1884 by Mr. C. B. Clarke on
Parasnath.
5. HRYTHRINA SUBEROSA Rozb.
Van. glabrescens ; leaflets as in type, but glabrescent beneath at an
early stage.
Norru-West Himatsya; Kamaon, Blinkworth ! Bashahr, Lace! S1k-
kim; King! Burma; Pegu, Adamson! Brandis! Kurz! Shan Hills,
King’s Collectors !
This is, at first sight, very unlike EZ. swberosa owing to the absence of tomentum
from the under surface of the leaves; the leaflets, however, are in shape and size
exactly as in typical E. suberosa while the flowers, pods and seeds are indistinguish-
able. In Langkawi, off the Kedah Coast, Mr. Curtis collected one specimen of an
Erythrina as to flowers exactly like this plant but with intensely prickly branchlets,—
one of the features of all the varieties of EF. swberosa is that the branchlets
are almost unarmed. In the absence, however, of leaves and of fruits it is not
possible to identify Mr. Curtis’ plant. Very near to this, if not actually the same
species, is E. microcarpa Koord. & Val. from Java, of which, however, the writer
has only seen leaves and pods, not flowers.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 411
7. ERYTHRINA LITHOSPERMA Miq.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Prevu; common, Adamson! Brandis !
Kurz! Suan Hints ; Terai, Collett ! Tanassertm ; Makana, 2000 feet elev.,
Gallatly! Perak; at Kinta, Kunstler n. 7103! Penanea; Wallich! Sinaa-
PORE; Hullett n. 80! Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann) ; Java, common.
There is no doubt as to the accuracy of Mr. Kurz’s statement that the Indo-
Chinese plant is exactly the same as E. sumatrana Miq., from Sumatra, of which
there are authentic specimens in Herb. Calcutta. But the Java plant described as “ LE.
lithosperma Bl.” by Miquel, to which Mr. Baker has referred the present species does
not differ even as a variety from the plant of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and
Burma. It must, however, be recollected that Mr. Kurz has noted that E. lithosperma
Bl., as described by Miquel, is not the true EF. lithosperma of Blume which, Kurz
Says, was a plant introduced to Java from Mauritius. Messrs. Koorders and Valeton,
in their recently issued Java Herbarium, issue the Java form of the species under
review as LH. lithosperma. They have, however, issued it as “ H. lithosperma Miq.,”
not as “ EH. lithosperma B1.”—their reason for this being that Blume’s EH. lithosperma
is only H#. indica, and that the name is thus left free, but on Miquel’s authority, not »
on Blume’s, to designate our species.
Erythrina holosericea Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. pt. 2.69, the validity of
which Mr. Baker has already doubted, is a spurious species manufactured by
combining in one description the characters of the flowers of H. ovalifolia and of the
leaves of EF. lithosperma which had been sent to Herb. Calcutta, by an officer of the
Indian Forest Department, under the idea that they belonged to the same tree.
The citation of this composite “ species ” as Corallodendron holosericewm by Kuntze in
that author’s Rev. Gen. Plant. i. 172, in a passage where he takes the opportunity to
(as the writer thinks) unnecessarily resuscitate an. obsolete generic name, might
lead to the belief that Kuntze had taken the trouble to verify the validity of
the Kurzian species, as to the existence of which Baker had justly expressed
a doubt. Obviously Kuntze has done nothing of the kind, and any one but a
botanist would be inclined to conclude, from a citation such as this, that the object
of much of the bouleversement effected by priority-mongers is less the restoration
“of generic names that may have been improperly suppressed than the search for
opportunities of posing as the authorities for species of whose characters they are
ignorant.
63. STRONGYLODON Voce.
1. STrRONGYLODON RUBER Vogel.
Add to localities of #. B. I.:— ANDAMANS; very common, Prain !
King’s Collector’s !
64. GRONA Lovr.
1. Grona Granami Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:— Benoa; Manbhum, Campbell !
65. GALACTIA P. Br.
1, Gatacrta TenuirLora W. & A. .
Pil; oa
412 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
It would, for the purposes of the field-botanist, be better to recognise some
of the “varieties” of this species as distinct. The following appears to the writer
to be the most satisfactory arrangement.
a. Galactia tenuiflora W. &§ A. Prodr. 206.
Var. typica = G. tenuiflora proper in F. B. I.
VAR. minor = var. 2. minor Bak. in F. B. I. (G. tenuiflora var. B. W. § A.)
b. Galactia longiflora Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. (1838) ; Wight, Icones t. 482.
= var. 1. lucida Bak. in F. B. I. (Glycine lucida Grah.)
This is very justly kept up in the Indew Kewensis; by a lapsus unavoidable in
a work of such magnitude Glycine lucida, which is the same thing, is referred not
to G. longiflora but to G. tenuiflora. The F. B. I. does not quote Wight’s figure or
refer to his description.
c. Galactia villosa W. Sf A. Prodr. 207.
VaR. typica = var. 3. villosa Bak. in F. B. I.
Var. latifolia= var. 4. latifolia Bak. in F. B. I.
No diagnostic marks require to be given, as those given by Mr. Baker could
hardly be improved on.
[2. Gauactra ? oxypHYLLA Benth. Pl. Jungh. 233. Glycine oxyphylla
Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5522. Teramnus oxyphylla Kurz in Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 254, |
There is no doubt whatever that this is, as Mr. Kurz says, a Teramnus. It is
however only Teramnus flexilis with the rachis of all the racemes unusually short.
In pretty well any plant of T. flexilis some of the racemes are to be found abbrevia-
ted in this fashion, and by judicious collection both the “species” may be obtained
from one plant. In the Index Kewensis, pending further research, both names
are quoted. The two are, however, based on the same specimen, and Galactia
ocyphylla must be now treated as a synonym of Teramnus flecilis.
67. SPATHOLOBUS Hassx.
1. Spatsotosus Roxsureuit Benth.
There are two very distinct forms of this species—one with leaves glabrescent
- beneath, the other with leaves densely silky beneath. The latter was distinguished
as Butea sericophylla by Wallich, and issued under that name as Cat. n. 5541. The
specimens obtained along the Sub-Himalayan tracts from Garhwal to Assam, and
those from the Chin hills and the Khasia range are of the first form —those of the
second form include the specimens from Southern India and those from Tenasserim
and Pegu. There is not however a single character of flower or fruit that can be
used to separate the forms, and they are not even strictly geographical, for in 1862
Dr. T. Anderson collected at 2500 feet elevation in Sikkim an undoubted example of |
the common 8. India form, and on the other hand Mr. Lawson has recently sent
to Calcutta one specimen of the North Indian form from Travancore. In Chittagong
and Upper Burma the two forms appear to be equally common and to grow side by
’ side.
The F. B. I. “variety” platycarpa is not confined to the Concan; specimens with
pods as broad as those described have been collected in Central India, in the Sikkim
Terai, and in Chittagong, while some of those from Burma have pods 24-23 in. across.
-y
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. : 413
But there is no difference between the plants bearing the broad and the narrower
pods; it is at times possible to collect both “varieties” on different parts of one
plant.
1b. Sparnonosus BracrEotatus Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi.
2.76; leaflets subcoriaceous almost glabrous beneath all ovate-lanceolate,
flowers small, buds shorter than the narrow-lanceolate bracteoles.
Matay Peninsuna; Perak, on Gunong Batu Pateh, 3000 feet elev.,
Kunstler n. 8079!
A slender creeper 15-20 feet long with sparsely rusty-pubescent branches.
Petiole 1°5-2°5 in., rusty-puberulous; leaflets glossy bright-green with minute scatter-
ed adpressed rusty-brown hairs on both surfaces, subequal and subsimilar, lateral
nerves 8-9 pairs ascending, prominent especially beneath; 8-9 in. long, 3°5 in.
across. Panicles terminal and axillary 15-2 ft. long, branches 4-6 in., rusty-pubes-
cent, pedicels very short; bracteoles ‘2 in. Calyx 15 in., pale-brown pubescent, lower
_ teeth sublinear shorter than tube. Corolla rather larger than calyx. Pod not seen.
In general appearance this most resembles S. Roxbwrghir, but the flowers are
very different; it may perhaps be the same as 8. Roxburghii var. denudata Bak.
from Penang, which is not represented in Herb. Calcutta. It is quite unlike any
other Malayan species.
2b. SparHoLospus FeRRUGINEUS Benth. Pl. Jungh. 238; leaflets
coriaceous ferrugineo-pubescent beneath, end one ovate-obtuse, flowers
almost medium, calyx densely rusty-pubescent, teeth short, pod sessile
narrowed to the tip. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 204; Prain, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. \xvi. 2:75. Drebbelia ferruginea Zoll. in Nat. en Gleneesk. Arch. ii. 79.
Matay Peninsuta; Perak, common, Wray! Scortechini! Kunstler !
Penang; common, King! Abrams! Curtis! Mauacca; common, Crofith !
Maingay! Derry! Goodenough! Sincavore; Hullett! Ridley! Disrris.
Sumatra; Borneo; Java.
A robust woody climber with densely ferrugineo-pubescent branches. Petiole
3-4 in.; leaflets dull-green puberulous throughout above, densely beset with spread-
ing hairs and reticulate-venose beneath, at times densely rusty-silky; the bases
rather rounded, the end-leaflet 5-6 in. long. Panicle 8-10 in.; branches densely
rusty-pubescent; pedicels distinct ‘2 in. long. Calye ‘2 in. long; teeth deltoid.
Corolla claret-coloured to dark-blue, °25 in. long, standard as broad as deep, notched
at apex. Pod as in S. gyrocarpus, softly velvety, semi-transparent, 3-5 in. long, ‘7 in.
broad at base, ‘3 in. wide at seed-bearing tip.
Mr. Ridley has collected twice at Singapore what is apparently a form of this
species with the leaves densely silky beneath, thus repeating within S. ferrugineus the
relationship that within S. Rowburghw is borne by Butea sericophylla to the typical
Butea parviflora.
The nearest ally of the species is S. gyrocarpus; it is however readily distin-
guished by its nearly always rather smaller leaves; its always different tomentum,
its always larger flowers with much longer pedicels, and its differently shaped, more
persistent bracts.
3. SPATHOLOBUS ACUMINATUS Benth.
The basis of this species is Butea acuminata Wall. (Cat. 5448) from Martaban.
Since Dr. Wallich first obtained the plant it has been again collected in Martaban by
4.14, D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
Dr. Falconer and by Mr. Stoliczka; more recently it has been reported abundantly by
Dr. King’s plant collectors from the Andaman group.
Mr. Baker finds that Wall. Cat. 5907 from Burma, as represented in Herb. Kew,
is the same as Wall. Cat. 5443. He also is of opinion that Wall. Cat. 5908 may like-
wise be the same species. The latter is not represented in Herb. Calcutta, but in the
Calcutta collection Wall. Cat. 5907 is the very distinct species here described as
Spatholobus roseus. Mr. Baker adds that Wall. Cat. 9054 from Penang, which is also
absent from the Calcutta collection, most probably belongs here, and on the strength
of this probability gives Penang as a locality for the species; one objection to this
is that, in another place, the F. B. I. identifies Wall. Cat. 9054 with Derris thyrsiflora.
There is at Calcutta, however, an example of Wall. Cat. 8082, issued by Dr. Wallich
as a Sapindaceous plant, that certainly is a Spatholobus and possibly belongs to this
species. But it is strange that no one has collected the plant in Penang since
Dr. Wallich’s time.
S. purpureus Benth., referred to under S. acwminatus is, as Mr. Baker suspects,
very distinct. Its fruits have recently been reported by Mr. Talbot.
Mr. Kurz refused to accept, in his Contributions to the botany of Burma, the
genus Spatholobus as distinct from Butea; in this there is no doubt that Mr. Kurz
was wrong. Moreover, in enumerating Butea acuminata he attributes to it “ white ”
flowers, whereas Mr. Baker describes them as being bright-red. Most unfortunately
no one has ever recorded the colour of the flowers of true S. acwminatus, but in any
case, on consulting Mr. Kurz’s specimens, it is found that he never himself collected
either the true S. acwminatus or the true S. roseus, and that the specimens on which
his 8S. acuminatus is based belong tothe two different species here termed S. squamiger
and §. riparius, which aré quite distinct from each other and equally distinct both
from Wallich’s original Butea acuminata and Graham’s Pongamia rosea.
Mr. C. B. Clarke collected in the Khasia Hills in 1871 a plant (Clarke n. 14981)
that must be nearly related to 8. acwminatus. Yet to the writer it hardly seems to be
that species; its leaflets have longer caudate tips, its stipels are longer, its stipules
are different and it is especially unlike 8. acwminatus in having the twigs hirsute with
spreading hairs. As yet this form has not been met with by any other botanist and
there are neither flowers nor fruits at Calcutta.
3b, SPATHOLOBUS PURPUREUS Benth. ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
194; leaflets coriaceous, oblong, shortly bluntly cuspidate, rounded at
base, the lateral pair obliquely, flowers small, calyx puberulous, teeth
oblong-obtuse half as long as tube; pod sessile not much narrowed to
the thick tip; wing shining glabrous. |
W. Inp1a; Canara, Stocks ! Talbot n. 16380!
A lofty climber with glabrous branches. Petiole 1-8 in. long, leaflets dark-green
glabrous, shining on both surfaces, end-leaflets 3°5 in. long. Panicles short, 3-6
in. long, dense ; pedicels equalling calyx. Calyx ‘lin. Corolla dark-purple, much
exserted. Pod 4 in. long, ‘7 in. across below, ‘6 in. across at thickened apex, quite
glabrous.
Recently specimens of this, in fruit, have been collected by Mr. Talbot at Digghi
Ghaut; these show that the species is a very distinct one.
3c. SPATHOLOBUS SQUAMIGER Prain; leaflets membranous ovate-
acute tip mucronulate, base wide-cuneate, panicles longer than leaves,
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. ALS
bracts at origin Jarge, flowers small, calyx obscurely downy, teeth oblong
half as long as tube. Butea acuminata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xlv. pt. 2. 243 not of Wallich.
Peou; Kurz 2596 !
A large climber, branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 in. ; leaflets pale-green, end one
3-4 in. long, 15-2 in. wide. Panicle over a foot long very much exceeding the leaves,
the peduncle with a collar of large lanceolate scarious bracts, each ‘4 in. long, at its
origin from stem. Pedicels shorter than calyx. Calyx ‘1 in. long, teeth obtuse.
Corolla white. Pod not seen.
This differs from S. acwminatus (which it otherwise closely approaches) in having
more numerous and ascending, not, almost transverse, lateral nerves ; in having, if Mr.
Kurz’ and Mr. Baker’s notes be accurate, white not red flowers ; in having leaflets that
are not at all cuspidate; and in having much longer panicles whose peduncles
arise from woody nodes, the long leaf-scales of which surround their bases.
3d. SpaTHoLopus ROSEUS Prain ; leaflets papery, elliptic, shortly
widely obtusely cuspidate, rounded at base, glabrous on both surfaces,
flowers small, calyx obscurely downy, teeth oblong shorter than the
tube. Pongamia rosea Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5907.
Marrapan ; at Phanoe, on the Salween river, Wallich n. 5907!
Uprer Burma; Kendat, Prazer !
A large climber, branches glabrous. Petiole 4-6 in. long. Leaflets pale grey-
green, terminal 8 in. long, 4 in. wide, very shining on upper surface, quite glabrous
beneath from the beginning. Pedicels very short, panicles a foot long, lax, very
sparsely flowered. Calyx ‘lin. Corolla rose-coloured three times as long as calyx,
limb of standard broader than deep, emarginate. Pod not seen.
Perhaps this may prove to be the same as Griffith n. 1678 which is referred to
in the F. B. I. but which is not at Calcutta; it has a pod 6 in. long. This differs
from S. acuminatus in the thicker much larger leaflets, with much shorter tips;
also in the longer more lax panicles. From S. crassifolius it differs in having
much broader leaves with more numerous nerves, and in having obtuse, not” acute,
calyx-teeth; its nearest ally is the next species which has, however, very much
thinner leaves with different nervation.
3e. SpatTHoLosus Listeri Prain; leaflets membranous ovate-acute
tip hardly mucronulate, base wide-cuneate, glabrous beneath, panicles
shorter than leaves, bracts at origin small. calyx obscurely downy, teeth
oblong half as long as tube, pod sessile narrowed at tip, pnberulous,
CHITTAGONG ; very common, Lister n. 98! n. 293! n. 323! n. 345!
A large climber, branches glabrous. Petiole 1-2 in.; leaflets pale-green, end
one 6-7 in. long, 3 in. wide. Panicle 3-6 in. long, shorter than the leaves, peduncle
with a few small scarious bracts at its origin from stem. Pedicels shorter than calyx.
Calyx °15 in. long, teeth rounded. Corolla apparently pink. Pod finely downy, 3-5
in. long, “7 in. wide below, °3 in. wide at seed-bearing apex.
Very near to 8. squamger, having similar but larger leaves and laxer much
shorter panicles that have much smaller and fewer bracts at their point of origin ;
also very near S. acuminatus but with different leaves, rather laxer panicles and a
different pubescence on pod.
416 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
3f. SPATHOLOBUS MERGUENSIS Prain ; leaflets very thick'and rigid, —
oblong shortly cuspidate, base rather narrowly cuneate, quite glabrous
on both surfaces, panicles rather shorter than leaves, bracts at. their
origin small, calyx finely downy, teeth triangular half as long as tube;
pod not seen.
Mercur ArcHtepELAGO; J. Anderson! Proudlock !
A strong climber, branches glabrous lenticelled. Petiole ‘5-1'5 in., leaflets 4 in.
long, 2 in. wide. Panicle 3-5 in. long, almost equalling the leaves, peduncles with a
few small scarious bracts at its origin from stem. Pedicels as long as calyx. Calya
*1 in., teeth subacute. Corolla claret-coloured.
' ‘Very near to S. Listeri and S. roseus; while resembling these in inflorescence
it has a different calyx and very dissimilar leaves. The leaves, though somewhat
unlike in shape, have the venation and consistence of those of S. crassifolius which
species has, however, a totally distinct inflorescence and quite different flowers.
5. SPATHOLOBUS RIPARIUS Prain ; leaflets thick, very rigid, obovate-
obtuse, cuneate at base, lateral slightly obliquely, glabrous above,
sparsely shortly puberulous on the nerves beneath, flowers small, calyx
obscurely downy, upper and lower teeth oblong, lateral triangular,
nearly as long as the tube, pod sessile narrowed to the tip. —-
TenasseRim; on Taepo, 5000 feet, Gallatly! Peau; on Tounkye-
ghat, Kurz n. 1709!
A low spreading tree (fide Gallatly) hanging over streams. Leaflets very rigid
but not so thick as those of S. crassifoliws, with 6-8 pairs of almost straight, oblique
lateral nerves much raised on both surfaces, cross reticulations beneath very dis-
tinct; shining. above, dull beneath. Panicles a foot long, pedicels shorter than
calyx. Calyx ‘1 in. Corolla pink, ‘2 in. long, limb of standard hardly as broad as
long, emarginate at tip. Pod semi-transparent, finely downy, 3-5 in. long, ‘6 in.
across below, °3 in. wide at thickened apex.
To this, owing to its having the same very distinctive calyx, the writer has
referred Mr. Kurz’s n. 1709 (which formed part of Butea acwminata Kurz, not of
Wall.), although Mr. Kurz’s specimen has not any leaves. By the leaves alone this
is remarkably distinct from any of the other Indian species of Spatholobus. Possibly
it may turn out to be the same as Pongamia rigida Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5908, which is
not at Calcutta; should this prove to be the case the species must be known as
Spatholobus rigidus.
6. Sparnotopus Marincayi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2.
79; leaflets thick and rigid, ovate-acute, rounded at the base, glabrous
beneath, flowers small, calyx adpressed brown-puberulous, teeth all
rounded one-third the length of tube; pod unknown.
Mauacca; Maingay 611! Perak; Kunstler 3535! 4652! 6906!
10428! Scortechint 206! 1537! Wray 1270! Sincapore; Ridley !
Branches glabrous. Leaflets rather like those of S. acwminatus but thicker,
shorter, quite glabrous, 3 in. long, 1°75 in. wide. Inflorescence in terminal and
axillary panicles 6-8 in. long. Pedicels shorter than calyx, bracts minute persistent.
Calyx 12 in. long. Corolla ‘25 in. long, standard orbicular very slightly emarginate.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 417
A very distinct species, which has in the field been referred by Father Scorte-
chini to Derris § Aganope and supposed by that learned botanist to be perhaps
Miquel’s Derris macrophylla. The presence sometimes, though not always, of stipgls
shows, however, that the plant cannot well be a Derris and indicates that it is almost
certainly a Spatholobus. It is unfortunate that, of all the gatherings reported, not
one should be in fruit. BS |
7. SparHotopos pupius Prain, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 79;
leaflets rigid-ovate, acute, rounded at the base, adpressed-puberulous
beneath, flowers small, calyx adpressed-pubescent, teeth half as long as
tube triagular except the 2-fid upper ; pod unknown.
Perak ; on Gunong Bubu, Awnstler 7585! Penane; Curtis!
A large climber 100-150 feet long, stem 6-8 in. indiam. Leaflets like those of
S. Maingayi but thinner, adpressed-puberulous beneath, and often larger, 2-6 in:
long, 15-3 in. wide ; the upper leaves are at times 1-foliolate as in S. bracteolatus and
in 8. littoralis Hassk. Inflorescence in terminal and axillary spreading panicles, the
former 8 in. the latter 4 in. long, sometimes several in same axil. Bracts small per-
sistent. Calywx ‘12 in. long. Corolla ‘25 in. long, pure-white, standard orbieular retuse.
Also a very distinct species, but, like the preceding, in the absence of fruit not
absolutely certainly a Spatholobus. - It appears to be nearest to S. littoralis Hassk.,
from which it differs in having the lip of calyx, toothed and in having the leaves
euniformly adpressed-puberulous beneath.
8. SpatHoLosus Rivieyi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 80;
leaflets rigid, chartaceous, oblanceolate, apex acuminate, quite glabrous
beneath, flowers small, calyx adpressed-pubescent, teeth very unequal,
upper truncate the others rounded half as long as tube, pod sessile
narrowed to the tip. 7
SinGAPORE ; cult. in Bot. Garden, original locality not given; Ridley
6401 !
A climber with glabrous, slightly angled branches. Leaflets bright-green shining
above, 3-3°5 in. long, 1-1'25 in. wide. Inflorescence in axillary racemes 8 in. long.
Pedicels rather larger than calyx. Calyx ‘12 in. Corolla ‘25 in. long, white, standard
orbicular, limb slightly auriculate at base, apex retuse. Pod 4 in. long, 1 in. across
below, ‘4 in. wide at opaque seed-bearing tip; membranous part sparsely puberulous,
reticulate-veined.
' A very distinct species, though nearest to S. macropterus Miq., from Sumatra.
69. MASTERSIA Benrta.
1. Masrersta assamica Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 300 (1865);
M. cleistocarpa Bak. in Hook. fil. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 195 (1876).
There is only one species; therefore Mr. Bentham’s name, which is nine years
prior to that used in the F. B. I., must stand. ;
70. CANAVALIA Apans.
3. CaNavaLta TURGIDA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5534; leaflets ovate or
oblong acute rarely obtuse, racemes few flowered, pod few-seeded turgid ;
4tS D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
the endocarp separating from the pericarp, woolly. Mig. Mlor. Eud.
Bat. i, 215; Prain, Bot. Laccad. 36. C. ensiformis var. turgida Bak. in
Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 196. Dolichos rotundifolius Rowb. Flor. Ind. ii.
302.—Rheede Hort. Malab. viii. t. 45.
LaccaDives; Minikoi, Alcock ! Sunpirpuns ; Kurz! Clarke! Heinig!
S. Inpia; Cochin, on sandy coasts, Rheede; Islands at mouth of
Godaveri, Roxburgh. Burma; Arracan, Kurz! Pegu, Prain! Martaban,
Cleghorn. ANDAMANS and Nicorars; common on the coasts. Perak;
Scortechini ! Kunstler! Penana; Wallich / Sincarore; Hulleti !
A glabrous perennial, climbing on bushes along the coasts. Leaflets as in @.
ensiformis. Flowers as in C. ensiformis but fewer. Pod 5 in. long, 2-2} in. wide, very
turgid.
There is no doubt that this plant is specifically distinct from C. ensiformis, with
which it has been placed in the F. B. I.; the separable endocarp at once amply
differentiates it. This, however, is the plant to which the name C. obtusifolia pro-
perly belongs. For C. obtusifolia DC. is Dolichos obtusifolius Lamk. and Dolichos
obtusifolius Lamk. is the plant figured by Rheede (loc. cit.). It is, moreover, Dolichos
rotundifolius Vahl., of which indeed De Candolle had seen a specimen, thus confirm-
ing the conclusion that Roxburgh had already formed. This, from his drawing, is
without any possibility of doubt Roxburgh’s Dolichos rotundifolius.
The plant named C. obtusifolius in the F. B. I. is certainly the plant figured by
Dr. Cleghorn (Madr. Journ. n. 8. i. t. 4) and is in all probability the Chinese plant
that Roxburgh named D. obcordatus. The pods of the two are quite alike and differ
totally from those of C. turgida. The writer cannot, however, separate this Madras
and Chinese species from Dolichos lineatus Thunbg. (Canavalia lineata DC.), either
by Thunberg’s or De Candolle’s descriptions, by the specimens in Herb. Calcutta
received from Japan, or by the figure published in the Somoko Dusets, ed. ii. xiii. t. 20.
In this indeed he only agrees with Mr. Baker. The true name of the C. obtusifolia of
the F. B. I. is therefore C. lineata DC. In any case the species now being discussed
should be put in some particular place; as arranged in the F. B. I. it is given, if it
comes from India, under C. obtusifolia and, if it comes from Malaya, is made a
variety of C. ensiformis ; it cannot well be both.
71. DIOCLEA H. B. K.
1. Dtociea REFLEXA Hook. fil. Leaves beneath sparsely hairy. or
glabrescent.
Add to synonyms of # B. I.:—Dolichos hexandra Roxb. Hort.
Beng, 55; and delete the synonyms D. javanica and D. Fergusoniu.
Add to localities :—ANDAMANS; very common.
Roxburgh’s Dolichos hexandra came from Silhet where Hooker and Thomson
also afterwards found the species; in Herb. Calcutta Roxburgh has left a
beautiful coloured figure of the plant. It is particularly plentiful in the Anda-
mans. The vexillary stamen in both the Indian Diocleas is free at the base though
not above; is rather shorter than the others and has a perfect anther; the anthers
of the 9 stamens united in the keel-sheath are alternately perfect and abortive 5
there are thus 5 perfect anthers in the sheath and a sixth perfect on the vexillary
stamen; hence Roxburgh’s very excellent specific name.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 419
2. DroctEa JAvANICA Benth., Pl. Jungh. 236; leaflets beneath dense-
ly softly velvety, always rather smaller. D. Fergusonii Thw. Enum.
412. :
Cuittacone; Kodala Hill, King’s Collector! Cryton; Ferguson !
(Thwaites, C. P. 3817) ! Matacoa; Maingay ! PERAK; common, Kunstler !
Wray!
Leaflets not exceeding 4 in. in length, puberulous above and always densely
velvety beneath. Flowers and pods as in D. refleca, of which, as Mr. Baker thinks,
this.may be but a form. The two are, however, so easily recognised that it seems
better, from the field-botanist’s point of view, to keep them apart.
72. PUERARIA DC.
1b. PUERARIA SIKKIMENSIS Prain; calyx densely silky, teeth sub-
obtuse shorter than the tube, bracts as long as buds, lamina of wings
oblique subspathulate.
Sikkim; Terai, Anderson! Gamble! G. Gammie! Teesta valley,
King ! Rungeet, 1000 feet elev., Clarke n. 27263!
Stems wide-twining, young branches rusty-puberulous. Leaflets membranous,
very broadly rhomboid, acute, terminal 6 in. long by 7 in. wide, glabrous above,
very sparsely adpressed-pubescent beneath. Flowers in dense clustered racemes
and panicles from nodes along the stem, usually only 4-6 in. long, pedicels short
densely fascicled, densely rusty-tomentose as are the lanceolate bracts ‘25 in. long,
and the rachis. Calyx ‘3 in. long, densely rusty-tomentose. Corolla large, °75 in.
long, limb of standard orbicular, auriculate, ‘5 in. wide. Pod unknown.
A very distinct species, nearest to P. tuberosa. but very readily distinguished by
its rusty instead of grey-silky pubescence, its larger bracts, and its much larger
flowers. ;
2. PuUERARIA CANDOLLEI Grah. |
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Anpamans ; Coco Group, Prain !
: 4. Puerarta Watticou DC. Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—
Dolichos frutescens Ham. in Don. Prodr. 240.
Add to localities :—N.-W. Himataya; Hardwar, Wallich !
Dr. Wallich’s 5352 C., issued by some extraordinary oversight as Pueraria
tuberosa, is this species. An original specimen of Dolichos frutescens, to which Dr.
Hamilton has himself added name and manuscript description, shows that that
species is Pueraria Wallichii. The writer is of the same opinion regarding P.
composita Grah. as is Mr. Baker, and cannot follow Mr. Kurz even to the extent of
making Graham’s Burmese plant a variety of P. Wallichit.
6. Purrarra Tuunsperciana Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 122.
Pachyrhizus Thunbergianus Sieb. § Zucc. Fam. Nat. Fl. Japon. ii. 113.
Neustanthus chinensis Benth. Fl. Hongkong. 86. Pueraria Thomsoni
Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 122; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ui. 198.
Dolichos grandifolius Grah. in Wall, Cat. 5556. D. spicatus Wall.
(partly) in Cat. 5557,
J. Uf. 53
420 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
A careful examination of the now abundant material of ‘this species both from
India and from China shows that.Mr. Bentham’s two proposed species are not
separable even as varieties. Recently the species has been obtained by Mr. Clarke
and by the writer in the Naga Hills of Upper Assam, and by Dr. A. Henry in Hupeh,
so that its geographical area is probably continuous trom Japan to Sikkim, where it
is quite common.
7b. Purrarta Cotuerrit Prain; shrubby when young, sometimes
climbing when older, pedicels in flower not exceeding the small calyx;
pod pubescent 8-10-seeded. Pueraria <P. nov. Coll. & Hemsl., Journ.
Tinn, Soc. xxviii. 48.
Uvrrer Burma; Shan Hills at Ywangyen, 4000 feet, Collett 654!
Maymyo, King’s Collectors ! Fort Stedman, Indine, Taungyi, Saga, etc.,
very common, King’s Collectors !
Perennial ; when shrubby 5-6 feet high, with subterete velvety branches. acters
thickly membranous, usually densely velvety on both surfaces and not losing their
tomentum even when aged; end one ovate- acute, 5 5-7 in. long, base cuneate from the
middle, lateral similar but with oblique base, externally slightly rounded. Racemes
spicate axillary, canescent, 8-10 in. long; bracts small soft usually falling; pedicels
in fruit ‘25in. Calyx °2 in., velvety. Corolla “4 in., purplish. Pod linear, flat, pale,
2 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, very uniformly 10-seeded, occasionally 1 or 2 abortive.
This is extremely near P. stricta Kurz, but differs in having longer axillary racemes
with soft hardly persistent bracts; in having pubescent pods with thicker valves.
and in having densely pubescent, indeed almost velvety leaves, the pubescence
persisting even when the plant is in ripe fruit. Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley had
already decided that this was probably an undescribed species, but in the absence of
fruit were unable to provide a diagnosis. It is therefore named in honour of Sir
Henry, who first collected it.
Sir Henry found it an erect shrub, as have all our native collectors save one,
who notes that at Maymyo it was climbing. It is very strange that although this
species has now been found so plentifully, none of our Calcutta collectors have
again met with’ P. stricta, P. hirsuta or P. brachycarpa, three species described in
this Jowrnal (vol. xlii) by the late Mr. Kurz, and all of them described from
rather inadequate material; none of the three are in flower and of none were
there duplicate specimens for distribution, so that Mr. Baker when dealing with
the genus in the Flora of British India had seen no specimens. That P. hirsuta is
very distinct is certain; its leaflets have 8-10 pairs of lateral nerves that are of
equal strength. Otherwise its general appearance is exactly that of the other three
species, all of which have primarily sub-3-nerved leaflets, owing to the lowest pair
of lateral nerves being stronger than the others. P. brachycarpa indeed looks as
if it might only be a short-podded variety of P. stricta, and it is within the bounds of
possibility that when their flowers are known it may be necessary to reduce the one
to the other and to unite P. Collettit with the two.
10. PouxraRIA PHASEOLOIDES Benth.
The synonym usually quoted as Phaseolus decurrens is an error for P. decurvus,
the latter being what Graham and Wallich actually wrote.
10b, Puexania supsercara Benth, Journ, Linn, Soc. 1x. 125; Kurz
eae]: D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 421
in Journ As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2°253. Dolichos ficifolius Grah. in Wald.
Cat. 5563. Dolichos spicatus Wall. Cat. 5557 A. B. (not C).
Norra Benear; at Dingra Ghat, Kurz! EH. Beycat; Mymensingh,
Clarke n. 7980! Stxxim; at Selim, 1000 feet, Clarke 36867! Booran ;
Parkes! Duars; Mahakulgiri, Heawood! Sinner; Wallich 5557 A!
Clarke 18502! 14841! Assam; Masters! Simons! Kuasia; Olarke
44995! Naca Hints; Clarke 40819! Cuirracona; very common, King’s
Collectors! Burma; Pegu, Wallich 5563! R, Scott! Arracan; Kurz!
TENASSERIM ; Helfer! Gallatly !
It is impossible to assent to the reduction of this species to P. phaseoloides ; the
leaves are almost always more deeply lobed, the flowers are always very much larger—
the calyx being ‘35, the corolla ‘8-1 in. long.; the pods are usually longer, are always
broader and have the sutures, especially the dorsal, slightly thickened. There are
moreover no intermediates to be found among the specimens in Herb. Calcutta,
which include representatives of 20 gatherings of P. phaseoloides and 27 gatherings
of P. subspicata.
73. PHASEOLUS Luiyv.
The species of Phaseolus cultivated and wild in India, stand much in need of
careful revision and comparison with the types of the species originally named by
Linneus. This remark applies with especial force to the species and forms of the
section Strophostyles. Many very competent botanists have dealt with the subject in
the light of Herbarium material in Europe; the only author who ever really knew
the plants themselves was unable to collate his knowledge with the early references.
And till another author who knows the plants themselves as Dr. Roxburgh knew
them shall be able to deal with the subject, it is impossible to hope for a disentangle-
ment of their very vexed synonymy or indeed to decide their exact specific limitation.
3. PHASEOLUS ADENANTHUS G. F. Mey.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—ANDAMANS; sea-coasts, King’s Col-
lectors ! Narcondam, Prain!
4, PHASEOLUS TENUICAULIS Bak.
The specimen of P. sublobatus var. tenuicaulis Grah.—the basis of this species,
—is at Calcutta indistinguishable from Dolichos falcatus Klein.
8. PHASEOLUS ACONITIFOLIUS Jacq.
In the Index Kewensis it is stated that Roxburgh’s P. aconitifolius of the Hortus
Bengalensis and of the Flora Indica is not this species but is P. trilobus.
This is not what is said either by Wight and Arnott or by Baker; these authors
are right. The Index Kewensis citation is perhaps based on the fact that on a figure
of P. trilobus sent to the E. I.C. Museum, Roxburgh wrote “P. aconitifolius” by a
lapsus calami. This has been mentioned by Wight and Arnott; but both in his
Hortus Bengalensis and in his Flora Indica, Roxburgh indicated by the name P.
aconitifolius the plant known in India as the Moth, which is undoubtedly P. aconiti-
folius Jacq.
10. PHASEOLUS PAUCIFLORUS Dalz.
_ Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Rasputana; Mt. Abu, King !
422 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. { No. 2,
This does not appear to the writer to differ specifically from P. calcaratus, though
it seems a fairly distinct variety.
11. Puaseonus rapiatus Linn. Sp. Pl. 725.
The writer quite agrees with Mr. Baker in considering that P. Max Roxb.—the
Krishna Ming, and P. aureus Roxb.—the Sona Ming, are only varieties of P. Mungo
Roxb.— the Mimg itself. But the Mésh or U7rd, which is a totally different plant,
yielding an entirely distinct crop, hardly deserves to be treated as specifically
identical with Ming. The two plants perhaps differ as species of subordinate rank
only, and from the monographer’s point of view may be sufficiently differentiated if
treated as subspecies. But in a Flora no good purpose is served by introducing
academic refinements of this kind into the discussion, and it is better to treat the
two plants apart from each other, as Indian cultivators and Government officers, from
the necessities of the case, are compelled to treat them.
The unfortunate thing is that the name which Linnzus gave to Ming, as is
shown by his diagnosis and his reference to Dillenius’ excellent figure in Hort. Eltham.
t. 235, f. 8304, does not conserve the vernacular name of the plant. This would not,
of course, have mattered very greatly had Linnzeus not at a later date used the word
Mungo, as his description of the plant shows, to designate Not Ming, but Tikari.
Roxburgh endeavoured to set matters right by reversing the names ;—Roxburgh’s
P. Mungo 1s Ming ; his P. radiatus is Mash. In Mr. Baker’s account of the plants
Roxburgh’s treatment is followed, for the P. Mungo of the Flora of British India is
Mig and is Roxburgh’s P. Mungo, but not P. Mungo Linn.; Mr. Baker’s P. Mungo
var. radiata is Roxburgh’s P. radiatus, but most certainly is not P. radiatus Linn.,
for it is not the plant figured by Dillenius.
The variety glabra of the F. B. I. (which is P. glaber Roxb., a plant introduced to
the Calcutta garden from Mauritius) is a variety of P. calcaratus. The variety
Wightiana is not a form of Ming but of Mash, as its short ascending pods show. And
the writer thinks it possible that in P. trinervius of the F. B. I. (an older name for
which is P. sublobatus Roxb.) we have the wild form from which perhaps both Ming
and Mdsh have originated. All three, however, deserve, he believes, to be considered
equally distinct now.
The three leading varieties of Ming (P. radiatus Linn.) may be readily distin-
guished as follows :—
1. Var. typica; foliage dark-green, pods spreading, seeds green. P. radiatus
Linn. Sp. Pl. 725. P. Mungo Roab. Flor. Ind. iii. 292. P. Mungo also of the majority
of Indian plant-lists; the Ming or Cheyt Ming crop; certainly not P. Mungo Linn.
2. Var. awrea; foliage paler, pods reflexed, seeds yellow. P. aureus Rozb. Flor.
Ind. iii. 297. P. Atsuki Sieb. Verh. Batav. Gen. xii. 57. Sona Ming, the most esteemed
form of Ming, generally believed by the natives not to be a ‘ deshi,’ or native variety.
3. Var. grandis; foliage medium-green, pods longer, spreading, seeds black.
P. Max Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 295 vie Linn.; Krishna Ming, the least esteemed form of
Ming. This is certainly an introduced form, probably from the Chinese Empire
where it is widely grown from Shanghai to Yarkand. In 8. China it is called Luton,
“‘oreen-beans” (A. Henry n. 68); in Yarkand Dr. Scully notes that this is what is
known as Mash, a name that in India is restricted to P. radiatus Roxb. (P. Mungo
Linn.) — the Mdsh-Kulai or U’rd crop.
P. Max Linn. is a composite species. Wight and Arnott say that the plant from
Hermann’s herbarium included here, and on which the species was probably based,
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 423
has no flowers. The American plant quoted by Linnzeus under P. Maz is, according
to Savi, a distinct species P. Hernandezii; the Cadelium of Rumphius (Herb. Amboin.
v. t. 140) also quoted, is obviously a form of Glycine hispida Maxim., the Soy or Soja.
116. Puasrotus Muneco Linn.
Of this there are two fairly distinct forms :—
1. Vera; stems hirsute, scandent or subscandent, seeds black. P. Mungo
Linn. Mantiss. 101. P. Wightii W. ¥ A. Prodr. 245; Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. T. P.
Wightianus Grah. Wall. Cat. 56591. The Tikariv; perhaps hardly varietally distinct
from the next.
2. Roxburghii; stems hirsute, diffusely spread but not scandent, seeds grey.
P. radiatus Rowb. Flor. Ind. iii. 296 not of Linn. P. Roxburghii W. § A. Prodr. 246.
“ Udidi” Rheede Hort. Malab. viii. 50. The Urd or Mdsh-Kulai; a very important
Indian crop, totally different from, and much more important than, the Ming crop.
Phaseolus subvolubilis Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5605, refered in the F. B. I. to the
first form, is at Calcutta P. calcaratus Roxb. P, setulosus Dalz, referred in the
F. B. I. to the second, has pods and seeds like those of P. trinervius, of which the
writer treats it as a variety.
12. Puaseonus susLosatus Roxb. Hort. Beng. 54; Flor. Ind. iii.
288.
In a monograph of the genus Phaseolus the writer would feel inclined to reduce
this (but as a sub-species, not as a mere variety) to P. Mungo in the wide sense
which would make P. Mungo include both the Ming and the Mésh-Kulai under one
name. In this plant we probably see.the wild stock whence both cultivated plants
were originally derived. Here there are three fairly distinct forms, though the two
first are very close to each other and can only be separated by the colour of their
tomentum ; their pods and seeds are identical, as are their flowers. In the Flora of
British India the two are referred to different species.
1. Var. typica; flowers small, tomentum on stems and pods reddish. P. sub-
lobatus Rowb. P. trinervius Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5603; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 203.
Vigna brachycarpa Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. pt. 2, 185.
Behar westward to the Concan; thence south to Ceylon: Arracan.
2. Var. setulosa; flowers small, tomentum on stems and pods grey. P. setu-
losus Dalz. in Kew. Journ. ii. 33.
Concan and Western Deccan only.
3. VAR. grandiflora; flowers large, tomentum on stems and pods reddish. _P.
trinervius Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 249 hardly of Heyne. This may
prove to be more than varietally distinct, the septa between the seeds being deci-
dedly narrower than in the two preceding varieties.
Burma; Pegu, Kurz, 1725! Martaban, Falconer 620! Distris. Sumatra, Java.
Dr. Roxburgh’s name for this species has been omitted from the Flora of British
India; regarding the plant Roxburgh intends, which is the Gora-ming, dispute is
impossible, both on account of the native name and from Roxburgh’s figure. In
the Index Kewensis Roxburgh’s P. sublobatus is given as=P. trilobus, an impossible
identification for which the writer has failed to trace any bibliographic authority.
12d. Puaszonus Riccrarpianus Ten. Ind. Sem. Hort. Neap. (1833)
4; stems flexuose clothed with fine deciduous spreading hairs, stipules
large lanceolate, leaflets entire or faintly lobed, racemes usually branched,
424 D. Prain ~ Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
bracteoles linear, flowers rather large, pods glabrous. Savi Mem. Ac.
Torin. xxxviil. 173 t. 3.
Var, macrocarpa; pod large, flat.
Naga Hitis; Kohima, Watt. n. 7343! Currracone; Kodala, King’s
Collector. | |
Leaflets narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long by 1°5-2°5 in. wide; stipules ‘4
in. long, fixed a little below middle. Flowers yellow, °65 in. long, lower pedicels twice
as long as calyx, bracteoles shorter than calyx. Pods 5 in. long, ‘4 in. broad, distinctly
compressed, 8-10-seeded, seeds brown ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. across, with prominent white
hilum set on one side towards lower end of seed. .
It is with some dubiety that this Phaseolus is here referred to P. Ricciardianus.
The stems, leaves and flowers agree well with those figured by Savi, and still better
with those of Japanese specimens named P. Ricciardianus by Mr. Maxiowicz. But
Savi (loc. cit.) describes the pod as terete and has figured a pod that is much smaller
than the one in this plant. Not impossibly this Naga and Lushai vegetable may yet
prove to be a distinct species.
13. PHASEOLUS CALCARATUS Roxb.
Very commonly cultivated and very variable. Besides the typical
form, the following varieties may be noted :— |
a. VAR. major; foliage and tomentum as in type but flowers
much larger. P. hirtus Wall. Cat. 5593 not of Retz. .
Knasta; Nunklow, Clarke n. 44819! Naca Hints; Jotsoma Prain! .
Burma; cult. on the Salween, Wallich ! Shan Hills, King’s Collector !
This only differs from ordinary P. calcaratus by its larger flowers, and may be no
more than a form of the type.
b. var. glabra; foliage and habit of var. major and of the type
but leaves and stems almost glabrous; flowers as in vaR. major. P.
glaber Roxb. Hort. Beng. 59.
PangaB; at Pathankote, Clarke 21964! Sikkim and Bootan; not
uncommon. SinHetT; Gomez (Wall. Cat. 5549 G. and 5589 H.) Kuasta ;
Clarke 14684! G. Mann 38!
Roxburgh describes the plant as not twining in the Calcutta garden; it does,
however, twine when it has opportunity. The gatherings quoted will be found
to agree extremely well with the plant Roxburgh depicts. Im any case his P. glaber
can by no possibility be a form of P. Mungo even in the widest sense; its pods are
glabrous and, as if this were not sufficient, its seeds, as delineated by him, have not
the hilum of Ming or of Mdsh-kalai, but have the very different hilum and are quite
the shape of those of the Sutri which is P. calcaratus; indeed, VAR. glabra is even
less easily separable from typical P. calcaratus than is VAR. major. Wall. Cat. 5549
G., at Calcutta (which ought to be Vigna Catjang Endl.) is this same plant!
c. Var. Rumbaiya ; stems short erect or diffuse. Phaseolus n. 40,
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. P. Clarkeanus Brace MSS. in Herb. Calcutta.
Kuasta HItts.
_P. torosus Rowb. Flor. Ind. in. 298 only differs from this in having
1897. ] D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. _ 425
pods torulose when ripe, and is probably but another form of the variety.
Roxburgh received it through Buchanan- Hamilton from Nepal.
This is the very puzzling crop, sometimes called Khasia Mang, but known to the
Khasias themselves as Rumbaija. It is certainly not a form of P. radiatus—the
true Ming, still less is it a form of P. Mungo—the Urd. It does not, however, in
the writer’s opinion deserve to be considered a distinct species, the flowers and fruits
are so exactly those of typical climbing P. calcaratus.
d. Var. gracilis Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 50; stems very
slender twining, quite glabrous as are the leaves; iesfsts usually
narrower than in var. typica; flowers and pods as in the type.
Matay Peninsuza; Perak, very common in open grassy places,
Kunstler 990! 1085! 2467! Wray 1756! Scortechinit 1476! Pahang,
Ridley 1124! Distris. Sumatra (Forbes !)
Phaseolus subvolubilis Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5605, referred at Kew by Mr. Baker
to P. Mungo happens in Herb. Calcutta to be P. calcaratus.
14. PHASEOLUS FuscUS Wall.
This has a naked style with a capitate stigma, and therefore not only is not a
Phaseolus, but does not even belong to the subtribe Hwphaseolex.
15. PHASEOLUS VELUTINUS Grah.
This species, placed in the same section as the preceding, has no better right
to be included in the genus Phaseolus; quite as certainly it is not at all nearly
related to P. fuscus; both are members of the tribe Phaseolee; there all com-
parison between them ends. The nearest ally of P. velutinus is Vigna lucens, Bak.,
from which it is hardly distinguishable by foliage, by fruit, or by inflorescence, and
is only to be separated by its larger flowers. Mr. Kurz has already pointed out
that the two are unmistakeably congeneric ; he has, however, proposed to treat them
as Canavalias. They do, as to pods, a good deal resemble Canavalia, but their
stigmas being bearded differ so greatly that it is inconvenient to adopt Mr. Kurz’s
proposal, and a preferable course is to treat this as the type of a distinct genus
- which will include Vigna lucens as well.
73.* DYSOLOBIUM Pratn.
(Phaseolus § Dysolobium Benth. Pl. Jungh. 239, footnote. )
Twiners, usually woody, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers
in copious axillary racemes, bracteoles inconspicuous deciduous, Calyx
campanulate. the lower tooth lanceolate longer than the rest, but shorter
than the tube, the two uppermost connate. Corolla much exserted, keel
beaked and sometimes distinctly curved and laterally deflexed. Stamens
diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile many-ovuled, style filiform
bearded below the oblique stigma. Pod thick woody subterete oblong
villous, very markedly septate, with double septa between the velvety
seeds. Species 4, Indian.
This genus is made to comprise four undoubtedly congeneric forms, three of
which constitute the group Dysolobiwm founded by Bentham in 1851 (Pl. Jungh. 239)
4.26 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
as a section of Phaseolus. In the Genera Plantarum (i. 589) Bentham and Hooker,
while still recognising the group, doubt whether it constitutes a section of Phaseolus,
and suggest that it may be found preferable to refer it to Vigna. The natural
character of the group is, however, somewhat marred in the Genera Plantarum by
the inclusion of a species figured by Wallich as a Phaseolus (Pl. As. Rar. i. 6, t. 6)
which Kurz has clearly shown to be a Dunbaria (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2, 186 ; )
xlv. 2. 255). Kurz, who treated the group in the sense originally understood ie
Bentham, recognised quite clearly that it can by no possibility be included in Phaseo-
lus ; he has consequently adopted a suggestion made in a MSS. note that Wallich has
left in Herb. Calcutta, and referred all the Dysolobia to Canavalia. For this, at first
sight, there is something to be said ; the structure of the pod in all the species is very
much that of Canavalia. When, however, it is considered that the calyx differs
altogether from the calyx of Canavalia, that the style is bearded, and that the seeds
are hirsute, it seems less convenient to adopt Wallich’s suggestions than to adopt
Bentham’s. Baker has attempted a compromise; in the Flora of British India he
still treats Dysolobiwm as a section of Phaseolus ; he leaves in it, however, only two
forms, viz.:—the species of the group that has the longest beak to its keel, and
the Dunbaria that has, by inadavertence, been cited as a Dysolobiwm in the Genera
Plantarum; the other two he has referred to Vigna. The last species of the group
he has, in the absence of flowers, dealt with tentatively as a Psophocarpus. Taubert
(in Engler’s Natiirlichen Pflanzenfam. iii. 83, 380) has thrown no new light on the affi-
nities of the group; on the contrary he has accorded it, without qualification of any
kind, the treatment and the position regarding which the authors of the Genera
Plantarum have so expressly enjoined caution.
That the group as originally recognised by Bentham forms, in consequence of
its firm, septate pods and its hirsute seeds one of the most natural and definite
genera in the whole of the Phaseolidz does not, the writer thinks, admit of ques-
tion; to settle the dubiety that has prevailed as regards its proper position, it
seems to the writer most convenient to adopt Mr. Bentham’s name in a generic sense
and to treat the forms it covers as a group apart alike from Canavalia, Phaseolus
and Vigna.
Key to the Species.
Racemes lax long-peduncled, flowers large; pods closely vel-
vety-villous, seeds sparsely velvety; (pods keeled along
suture but not winged) :—
Leaflets rounded cuspidate, chartaceous, hirsute on nerves
beneath ; flowers 1°75 in. long, keel with long eis
deflexed beak, style bearded down the face 1. D. grande.
Leaflets narrowed to a point, membranous, dinkesnneist:
flowers only ‘6 in., long, beak of keel not aici style
penicillate round stigma vi 2.
Racemes dense short-peduncled ; fibres small (° 3. in. fone. ie or
less); pods softly hirsute with long hairs, seeds densely
velvety ; (beak of keel not deflexed) :—
Leaflets roundish cuspidate ; pod neither keeled nor winged 3. D. dolichoides.
Leaflets lanceolate; pod subquadrangular, prominently
winged along the angles ar des Tek
D. lucens.
D. tetragonum.
1897.] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 427
1. Dysonosium Grande Prain. Phaseolus grandis Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 5602; Bih. in Pl. Jungh. i. 239 footnote; not P. grandis Dalz.
P. velutinus Grah. in Wall. Cat.5615 ; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii, 204.
Canavalia grandis [Wall. MSS. in Herb. Calcutta]; Kurz. in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2. 185 and xlv. 2. 252.
Norte Benga; Kurz! Sixxm; 7. Anderson! Kuasta; at Nungpo,
Clarke n. 40703! G. Mann! Assam; at Goalpara, Hamilton (Wall. Cat.
5602)! Jenkins! Masters! Burma; Taong Doung Mts., Wallich (Cat.
5615 A)! Shan Hills, at Fort Stedman, Saga, etc., common, [King’s
Collectors ! Disrr1s. Yunnan. (J. Anderson !)
This species has a very long, deflexed beak to the keel of the corolla, hooked
round so as almost to complete a spiral; in this respect it resembles, to a consider-
able extent, a Phaseolus ; its pods and seeds are however totally unlike those of any
Phaseolus. Nothing requires to be added to Mr. Baker’s excellent description.
In reducing this species to Canavalia Mr. Kurz has omitted to state that he was
only following the treatment already proposed by Dr. Wallich in a manuscript note
dated “ 25th October 1833.”
2. Dysotosium Lucens Prain. Phaseolus lucens Wall. Cat. 5601 ;
Benth. in Pl. Jungh. 239 footnote. Canavalia lucens Kurz. Journ. As.
Soc. Beng, xliii. 2. 185 and xlv. 2.252. Vigna lucens Bak.in Flor. Brit.
«Ind. ii. 207. Phaseolus grandis Herb. Ind. Or. viz Wall.
Caitracone ; Hooker and Thomson ! Peau; Kurz n. 2550! Rancoon
Cleghorn! Tavoy ; Gomez (Wall. Cat. 5601) !
So remarkably like the preceding that without flowers it is difficult to distin-
guish the two species. The flowers are, however, very unlike; in the present plant
they are less. than half the size and have a much shorter beak to the keel than in
D. grande. Again nothing can be added to Mr. Baker’s clear description.
3. DysoLosium poLicHoipEes Prain. Phaseolus dolichoides Rozb.
Hort, Beng. 54; Fl. Ind. iii. 290; Wall. Cat. 5600; Benth. in Pl. Jungh.
239. Mucuna iit Wall. Cat. 5625. Dolichos dasycarpus Mig. Flor.
Ind. Bat, i. 186, Canavalia dolichoides Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xliii. 2, 185. Vigna dolichoides Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 207.
Siuuet; Wallich (Cat. n. 5600 A)! Hooker and Thomson! Assam ;
Jenkins ! Masters! Simons! Cuittacona; Clarke n. 8312! Arracan;
Kolodyne valley, Kurz !
This, with the next species, makes a very distinct section of the genus
Dysolobiwm.
4. DysoLoBiuM TETRAGONUM Prain; stems woody, brown-pubes-
cent, leaves subcoriaceous entire lanceolate prominently veined ; with
copious adpressed bristly hairs, racemes many-fld. sub-sessile or shortly
peduncled, corolla middle-sized, pod stout short straight square, the
angles winged, the faces densely clothed with persistent firm short
spreading greyish-brown hairs. Psophocarpus sp., Bak. in Flor. Brit.
J. u. 54
428 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose.. [No. 2,
Ind. ii. 212. Canavalia tetragona Kurz MSS. (on specns.); Vigna tetra-
gona Kurz MSS. (on covers) in Herb. Calcutta.
Norta Beneat; Alipur Duars, Heawood ! Assam ; Masters ; G. Mann! t
Stem wide-twining, densely .clothed with persistent pale-brown pubescence.
Stipules lanceolate minute ; leaflets entire 4-6 in. long, “75-1 in. wide, bristly-hirsute
on both surfaces.. Racemes 2-3 in. long, sometimes nearly sessile; pedicels shorter
than the calyx, bracteoles minute lanceolate. Calyz ‘1 in., clothed with adpressed
hairs ; teeth deltoid, lowest lanceolate. Corolla blue (Heawood), 3-4 times the calyx.
Pod 2-2°5 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, firm, septate; the angles distinctly winged as in
Psophocarpus.
Very nearly related to D. dolichoides, but amply distinct by its narrow leaflets
and its Psophocarpus-like pods. Mr. Kurz apparently refrained from publishing this
species because, like Mr. Baker, he only knew the plant in fruit. Excellent flower-
ing specimens with full MSS. notes of the plant have recently been supplied by.
Mr. Heawood from the Alipur Duars, so that a description can now be given. In
foliage and habit this greatly resembles Vigna Clarkei, but in that species the hairs
on petioles and stems are reflexed, the flowers are yellow, and the pod is almost ex-
actly like that of Vigna pilosa.
74. VIGNA Savi.
2. Viana tutes A. Gray.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Cryton; Thwaites ! Laccapives ;
Alcock ! :
It is pointed out in the Index Kewensis that the oldest name for this, as.a Vigna, is
V. retusa Walp. Rep. i. 778, and the name V. lutea has accordingly been there changed
to V. retusa. There seems no object in making this reduction, firstly because V.
vetusa Walp. is only partially equivalent to V. lutea A. Gray, since Walpers dis-
tinguished in the same work a V. anomala which is part of this species; and secondly
because Gray’s name is now much better known than Walper’s one. The name V.
lutea has the further advantage of conserving the oldest specific epithet, since this is
Dolichos luteus of Swartz (Prodr. 105) and of De Candolle (Prodr. ii. 398). Dr. O.
Kuntze reduces this to the next species, and the two are certainly almost identical
as regards flowers, fruits and seeds ; their leaves are however very different, and the
differences appear to be constant.
3.. VIGNA LUTEOLA Benth.
Here again the Index Kewensis proposes that the oldest name for this as a Vigna,
(V. glabra Savi), should replace the better known name V. luteola. The objections
to the proposed change are parallel to those given under the preceding species.
V. glabra is only part of V. luteola, for Savi recognised another species V. villosa
that is also referable to V. lwteola, while again Bentham’s name conserves the oldest
specific epithet, since this is Dolichos luteolus Jacq. (Hort. Vindob. i. 39 t. 90).
In the event of the adoption of Dr. Kuntze’s view that V. lutea is after all only
a form of V. luteola, his name for the two (Vigna repens) will have to be considered,
since it is clear, as Kuntze says, that this is, perhaps both are, covered by the name
Dolichos repens Linn. But this is apparently not the Phaseolus repens Grah. which
Mr. Baker has renamed Vigna repens; of the last mentioned plant the writer Lies not
seen specimens,
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 429
5. VIGNA VEXILLATA Benth.
To the synonyms of this species should apparently be added Dolichos wmbellatus
Thunb. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 389; at all events the Japanese species identified by M.
Maximowicz and other authorities on the botany of Japan with D. wmbellatus “is
identical with this. The Index Kewensis points out that the oldest name for this
as a Vigna is V. capensis Walp. (Linnea xiii. 533), but it seems a pity to replace the
familiar name V. vevillata, (which moreover retains the oldest specific epithet, since
this is Phaseolus vewillatus Linn.), by one so unfamiliar and so inappropriate as the
name V. capensis.
6. VIGNA BRACHYCARPA Kurz,
Of this there is but one specimen in Herb. Calcutta; it is in ripe fruit, and all
that is known of its flowers is from Mr. Kurz’s field-note that they were small and
were yellow. The fruits and leaves, however, amply suffice to show that the plant is
only a form of Phaseolus sublobatus Roxb. (P. trinervius Heyne).
8. VIGNA DOLICHOIDES Bak.
This species is not a Vigna. Itis certainly congeneric with Vigna lucens Bak.,
but it is at the same time equally certainly congeneric with Phaseolus velutinus Grah.,
and the writer has proposed to raise Mr. Bentham an@ Sir J. Hooker’s section Dysolo-
biwm to the rank of a genus in order to accommodateé these three species and another
obviously congeneric one that Mr. Kurz has in MSS. named Vigna tetragona, but that
Mr. Baker has tentatively placed in Psophocarpus.
9. Vigna piLosa Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—AnpDAMANS; very common, King’s
Collectors ! 7
9b. Viana CrarkEI Prain; stems slender, finely pubescent with
reflexed hairs, leaflets membranous narrowly lanceolate, entire, with
a few adpressed hairs on both surfaces, racemes few-fld. peduncled,
corolla small, pod slender dotted, with dense adpressed rusty-pubes-
cence.
Foot or Eastern Himataya; Dalkajhar in the Sikkim Terai,
Clarke n. 37032! Mahakaleguri in the Alipur Duars, Heawood, 74! 124!
Branches slender but firm, densely reflexed-pubescent as are petioles and
peduncles. Stipules minute lanceolate, leaflets 4 in. long, under ‘5 in. wide. Racemes
*5 in. or less, on peduncles 1-3 in. long; pedicels sparsely reflexed-pubescent 1 in.
long, bracts and bracteoles minute. Calyx ‘25 in., teeth pubescent triangular as long
astube. Corolla 4 in., yellow. Pod 3 in. long, ‘2 in. in diam., subcylindric, densely
adpressed-pubescent, 6-8-seeded.
A very distinct species with ripe pods much like those of V. pilosa, but with
adpressed instead of spreading hairs.
| 77, DOLICHOS Lin.
Susaen. I. LABLAB.
1, DottcHos Lastas Linn.
It would be better to follow Roxburgh and Wight, who were thoroughly
acquainted with the two plants cultivated in India that are united under this name
/
430 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
in the F. B. I.; even if the two are not to be treated as distinct species, they are, in
any case, quite deserving of varietal rank. They may be distinguished as follows :—
1. Donicnos Lasias Linn.; pods longer, more tapering at point, seeds with
Jong axis parallel to sutures. D. Lablab Linn. Sp. Pl.'725. D. lignosus Rowb. Flor.
Ind. iii. 805 not of Linn. Lablab vulgaris Savi Diss. 19; DC. Prodr. ii. 401; W. ¥ A.
Prodr. 250 ; Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 189. D. cultratus Forsk. Flor. Aegypt.-Arab. 134.
2. Doxicuos tignosus Linn.; pods shorter more abruptly truncated at end,
seeds with long axis at right angles to sutures. D. lignosus Linn. Sp. Pl. 726. D.
Lablab Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 807 not of Linn. D. cultratus Thunb. Trans. Linn. Soc.
ii. 320 not of Forsk. Lablab cultratus DC. Prodr. ii. 402; W. SY A. Prodr. 251; Mig.
Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 190. L. microcarpus DC. Prodr. ii. 402; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 190.
Here, as in the case of Phaseolus Mungo and P. radiatus, Roxburgh has reversed
the incidence of the Linnean names, no doubt because of the fact of that the
epithet “Jlignosus” is so much more appropriate when applied to “ Lablab” than
when given to the plant to which Linnzeus assigned it. That D. lignosus Roxb,
cannot be D. lignosus Linn., both Wight and Walker-Arnott in their Prodromus,
and Miquel in his Flora of the Dutch-Indies have already pointed out. But Wight
and Arnott have considered that Linnzus and Roxburgh had the same plant in view
when describing D. Lablab. This is hardly possible; Roxburgh identifies with his
“ Lablab ” the plant figured by Rumphius in Herb. Amboin. v. t. 186, an identification
that is obviously just; Linnzeus gives this very figure as one of the types of his ee
lignosus.
6. Dowicnos FALcATus Klein.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:— Phaseolus tenuicaulis Kurz in Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 249, perhaps not of Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind.
ii. 201. Dolichos tenuicaulis Grah. in Wall, Cat. 5598 D. (at Calcutta).
Mr. Baker’s Phaseolus tenuicaulis is based on Wall. Cat. 5598 D. Excellent.
specimens, exactly agreeing with the Calcutta example of this sheet, were obtained
by Dr. J. Anderson in Upper Burma, and Mr. Kurz, with these before him, has*
inadvertently published this name without noting that the plant is simply Dolichos
falcatus. As Mr. Baker finds that the examples of Wall. Cat. 5598 D. which he hag
examined represent a Phaseolus, it must follow that Dr. Wallich mixed two plants
under this letter. But from Mr. Baker’s description the Phaseolus in question
very closely resembles this Dolichos, and no one except Dr. Wallich has collected that
Phaseolus in Burma or elsewhere.
7. Do.icnHos suscarnosus W. & A.
Exactly agreeing with this in fruit but with shorter and branching
peduncles, is a plant common in Assam, Chittagong and Burma which
has flowers like those of Vigna Catjang except in having the style penicil-
Jate round the stigma instead of bearded down the neck. The leaves
however, are just as described by Mr. Baker and are not like those
of Vigna Catjang.
The following numbered sheets may be quoted, and will indicate
the difficulty that has been experienced in localising the species,
Garo Hits; at Dalamgiri, Clarke n. 48117 (issued as Vigna Catjang) ! Cuirra-
Gone ; at Burundcherry, Clarke n. 19508! Puau; Tongkyeghat, Kurz 1780; this forms.
1897.]- D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. A31-
part of Kurz’s Vigna sinensis (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 248), part of his Phaseo-
lus adenanthus (loc. cit. 249), part of his Lablab vulgaris (loc. cit. 250) and, along with:
Kurz n. 2545, some part of Mr. Kurz’s Canavalia lucens.
The pods are not like those of any other Indian Dolichos but recall-those of a
Clitoria or an Apios. ,
Considering how unsatisfactorily, even in the most authoritative works on the
order, the various genera of Phaseolid# have been limited, the writer prefers at
present to leave the species, as Mr. Baker has left it, in Dolichos.
7. ATYLOSIA W.& A.
Suscen. 1. Aryzia Bth.
1. Arynosia Canpotuel W. & A.
Atylosia major W. & A., reduced by Mr. Baker to A. Candollei, is a very distinct:
plant and is quite deserving of at least the rank of a variety.
2. ATYLOSIA GEMINIFLORA Dalz.
This plant was unfortunately unknown to Mr. Baker; an examination of.
Dalzell’s type specimens shows that the plant is not an: Atylia at all, but that
it is simply Mr. Bentham’s A. platycarpa, a species of § Rhynchosioides, which
section, by the way, the F. B. I. does not recognise. This section Rhynchosioides is,
however, an extremely natural one; it includes the two species A. elongata and A.
platycarpa. These species in the Flora of British India are separated by a wide inter-
val, and their natural affinity is not alluded to. The treatment the section has
received at the hands of Mr. Taubert in Engler’s Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien is
even more disconcerting. There, only one of the two species is admitted into
the section, and Mr. Taubert does not tell us which of the two it is that he excludes.
4. ATYLOSIA sERICEA Benth.
Add to localities of the F. = I. :— Rasputana ; gi King ! Duthie
~ 5. Arybosta MOLLIS Benth.
Under this name Mr. Bentham has included two very distinct species, the
diagnosis of the two being as follows :—
Leaves beneath densely uniformly grey-downy not reticulate, end-
leaflet much longer than broad; flowers over 1 in. long; pod
2 in. long, ‘3 in. wide, 8-10-seeded, transverse depressions
between seeds at right angles to the sutures, longer diameter
of seeds across the pod she .. A. mollis.
Leaves beneath more sparsely brown- Bihostintk: cithaaty Lttant
late, end-leaflet hardly longer than broad ; flowers ‘75 in. long ;
pod 1-1°25 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, 3-5-seeded, transverse depres-
sions between seeds oblique, longer diameter of seeds parallel
to,the sutures ... be nae Pas .. A. crassa.
In the Calcutta Herbarium the writer has analysed specimens of ten gatherings
of A. mollis and thirty-nine gatherings of A. crassa, but has failed to find any
intermediate state.
The distribution of the two species is quite distinct also. A. mollis is confined
to the Himalayas from 2000 feet upwards; A. crassa does not enter the Himalaya
proper though it extends from the foot of that range through the greater part of
432 D. Prain —Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
India, Indo-China and Malaya. The synonymy and distribution of the two plants
are as follows :—
5a. ATYLOSIA MOLLIS Benth in Pl. Jungh. 248; Bak. in Flor. Brit,
Ind. ii. 213 as to the synonym Colla mollis only. Collea mollis Grah.
in Wall. Cat. 5574.
Nortu-West Himatara; Chamba, Clarke 24283! Kamaon at
Chajoorie, Duthie 580! Garhwal; below Kinali, Duthie 3951! Route
to Tehri, Davidson! Nepat; Wallich 5574! Stxxim; Rinchingong, T.
Thomson! T. Anderson! Siriong, Clarke 13187! Lingcham, Clarke
25485! Namchi, King !
5b. Atybosta crassa Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2, 45. A.
mollis Benth.in Pl. Jungh. 343 excluding the synonym Colla mollis Grah. ;
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 2138, exc. the synonyms Collea mollis Grah.,
Cajanus glandulosus Dalz & Gibs., and Atylosia glandulosa Dalz,
Dolichos reticulatus Ham, in Wall. Cat. 5552, not of Ait. D. crassus
Grah. in Wall. Oat. 5553. Dunbaria Horsfieldii Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat.
1.179. Collea cinerascens Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5575.
Foor of the N.-W. Himanaya; Hardwar, Wallich ! Kamaon Bhabar,
King! Dehra Dun, King! Nepat; Terai at Noakote, Wallich 5552!
RouitkunD; 7. Thomson! N. Ovnva; &. Thompson! Bencat; Maldah,
Clarke 26977! Cota Nacrore; Wood! Gamble! C. Inp1a ; Sambalpore,
Griffith! Pachmarhi, Duthie, 10372! S. Inp1a; Ganjam, Gamble 13658 !
Rampa, Gamble 16027! Vizagapatam, Gamble 21775! Jaipur Hills,
Beddome! Concan; Stocks! Dalzell! Assam; Brahmaputra Valley,
Jenkins ! Garo Hills, at 300 feet, Clarke 43126! Burma; common every-
where from Pegu and Bhamo to the Shan Plateau and the Karen
Hills. ANDAMANS; very common. Distris. Java, Philippines.
The citation of Atylosia glandulosa as a synonym of this or of the preceding
plant is no doubt a lapsus calami, since Dalzell describes his species as having
solitary pedicels reflexed in fruit, pods with long spreading hairs bulbous at
their bases, and a vexillum with 2 callosities. Both A. mollis and A. crassa have
geminate pedicels as described by Mr. Baker, their pods are not covered with long
hairs, and they do not have callosities on the vexilla. One result of the slip has,
however, been that a little farther on the species already described by Dalzell
as A. glandulosa, is redescribed in the F. B. I. as Atylosia rostrata. That species as it
happens is, moreover, not an Atylosia at all but a Dunbaria.
The oldest name for A. crassa as a species is Dolichos reticulatus Ham. But there
is already an older Dolichos reticulatus from Australia published in the first edition of
Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis. As that also happens to be an Atylosia and now bears the
name A. reticulata Benth., the writer has appropriated the specific epithet from the
next oldest synonym, Dolichos crassus. Of Dolichos blandus, referred here by Mr.
Baker, the writer has seen no specimen, and therefore refrains from giving the syno-
nym a place.
5c. ATYLOSIA BURMANICA Coll. & Hemsl, in Journ. Linn. Soc, xxviii.
1897,} D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 433
48 ; branches and leaves beneath shortly densely grey-downy, stipules
minute caducous, pod tomentose with long silky hairs.
Burma; Shan Hills, 5000 feet, Collett 95! Maymyo, King’s Col-
lectors ! |
Branches and stems as in A. crassa and A. mollis. Leaves exactly asin A.
crassa; flowers larger, 1-1'25 in. long, like those of A. mollis, but rather more
numerous. Pods as in A. crassa except for being clothed with long spreading hairs.
There is no doubt that this is exceedingly nearly related to A. crassa and to A.
mollis; it has the foliage of the former with the flowers of the latter but differs
equally from both by its tomentose pods.
7. ATYLOSIA KULNENSIS Dalz.
This species has no existence, the plant on which it is based being simply Dun-
baria Heynei W. & A., from a different locality.
8. ATYLOSIA GRANDIFLORA Benth.
This species is not represented in Herb. Calcutta; the description given in the
F. B. I. would apply without difficulty to Dunbaria pulchra Benth.
— Suscen II. Canruarospermum. This subgenus ought, in the writer’s
opinion, to receive the generic rank postulated for it by Wight and
Arnott.
11, Arytosta eLoncata Benth.
The nearest ally of this species is A. platycarpa, along with which it forms the
somewhat distinct section § Rhynchosiodes Bth.
14, AryLosta PLATYcARPA Benth.
Add to synonyms of F’. B. I. :— Atylosia geminiflora Dalz. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. xiii. 185; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 212.
Add to localities :—Benar ; Kurz! C. Inpia; Jubbulpur, Beddome !
Sagor, Jerdon !
| 15. Atynosia ROsTRATA Bak.
This is the plant described by Dalzell as A. glandulosa but reduced in the F. B. I.
to A. mollis. It is not an Atylosia but a Dunbaria.
81. DUNBARIA W.& A.
2. DunpariA Huyner W.& A. Add to synonyms :—Atylosia kul-
nensis Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186; Buk. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
214. Cajanus kulnensis Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii. 264; Dalz & Gibs.
Bomb. Flora, 72.
Add to localities of F. B. Z.:—Concan; near Kuina in the Waree
country, Stocks ! Dalzell! Gibson! Canara; Wadde Ghaut, Talbot !
An examination of Dalzell’s original specimens on which the species Cajanus
kulnensis was founded, shows that they belong to a Dunbaria differing in no respect
from D. Heynet.
36. DUNBARIA GLANDULOSA Prain. Dunbaria Heynei Kurz MSS,
in Herb. Calcutta vix W. § A, Atylosia rostrata Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind,
434 D: Prain — Some additional Leguminosz. [No. 2,
ii. 216. Atylosia glandulosa Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 185. Cajanus
glandulosus Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flora, 73.
Concan ; Stocks! Onnrrat Inp1a; Godavery jungles, Beddome !
Sagor, Jerdon! Buncat; Mymensingh, Clarke 7800! Burma; South
Shan States at Lwekaw, King’s Collectors !
There is no doubt that this is a Dunbaria but it is not, as Mr. Kurz was inclined
to think, the same as the preceding. Mr. Baker’s description is very good, but it does
not mention the distinct callosities on the vexillum which mark it unmistakeably as
a Dunbaria; the fact has been overlooked that it was already a described species.
The name Atylosia glandulosa, under which it is described by Dalzell, has been cited
in the Flora of British India as a synonym of ‘Atylosia mollis. Dalzell’s description
of the species, however, calls attention to the calli on the vexillum, the bulbous-
based hairs on the pods and the retrofracted solitary pedicels, whereas neither in
A. mollis, nor in the species A. crassa which is mixed with A. mollis, do we find long
hairs on the pods, neither have callion the vexillum, neither have retrofracted
pedicels ; finally, in both the pedicels are geminate.
3c. Dunsarta Fusca Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii. 2. 186 ;
xlv. 2. 255. Phaseolus fuscus Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. t. 6; Cat. 5613; Bth.
§ H. f. Gen. Pl. i. 589; Bak. in Flor. Brit Ind. 11. 204. :
This species has been already referred to under Phaseolus.
In the Genera Plantarum the figure of this species is— obviously by oversight,
for its pod is flat not terete, and its valves thin not thick,—quoted as that of a
Phaseolus § Dysolobiwm.
It is not a Phaseolus at all; its style is glabrous, not bearded, its stigma capitate
not oblique; the keel though beaked and with the beak moreover hooked, is not
deflexed; more important ‘still, the rachis is not nodiform. Finally the leaves are
glandular beneath and though Dr. Wallich describes the leaves as having small
deciduous stipels he figures none, and none of his specimens have any. But apart
from the character of stipels the plant is certainly, as Kurz has pointed out, a Dun-
baria; the mere presence of stipels has not been held by Mr. Bentham sufficient
to outweigh all the other characters that go to distinguish the Cajanew—the
subtribe to which Dunbaria belongs.
3d. DuNBAgIA BELLA Prain; stems glabrescent, stipules caducous,
leaflets subcoriaceous, shortly hispid especially on the nerves above,
trinerved and distinctly reticulate-veined, softly pubescent beneath,
lanceolate-acute three times as long as broad, flowers in peduncled lax
racemes, calyx-teeth short, corolla much exserted, pod recurved velvety
8-10-seeded.
Burma; Southern Shan States at Lwekaw, King’s Collectors !
Tenasserim, Gallatly !
A woody climber. Branches firm terete at first sparsely puberulous. Petiole
1°5 in., stipels 0; leaflets 3°5 in. long, 1-1'25 in. wide, petiolules very short. Racemes
overtopping the leaves, flowers rather smaller than, but as showy as in D. rostrata ;
pedicels ‘5-7 in. Calyx °35 in., broadly campanulate, glabrescent, all the teeth
shorter than the tube. Corolla ‘6 in. long, keel broad-beaked ; standard ‘75 in. across,
SN,
1897.] D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. 435
emarginate. Pod linear, 3°5 in. long, ‘5 in: wide, abruptly narrowed at tip, abruptly
recurved at pedicel, closely softly velvety.
A very distinct and handsome species.
de. Dunparia Scorrecuinit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2.
44; a slender climber, branches grey-velvety, leaflets exstipellate roun-
dish-rhomboidal cuspidate, subcoriaceous, sparsely puberulous above,
densely white-canescent below, flowers in long-peduncled rather dense
racemes, calyx-teeth short, corolla exserted, pod recurved densely grey-
canescent, 6-8-seeded.
Perak; Dijong, Scortechini n. 1841! Kunstler n. 908! Ulu Bubong,
Kunstler n. 10852 ! ! |
Stem slender firm slightly sulcate, 10-20 feet long. Petiole 2-3 in., stipules
small caducous ; leaflets 2°5 in. long, 2 in. wide, petiolules ‘15 in., minutely stipellate.
Racemes overtopping the leaves, on peduncles 4 in. long, grey-velvety like the stems ;
pedicels geminate ‘2 in. long. Calyx ‘3 in., lower tooth nearly as long as tube.
Corolla ‘5 in. long, dark-brown externally, pale-yellow within, standard ‘6 in. across,
orbicular entire. Pod linear, distinctly lineate, 2°5 in. long, "25 in. wide, narrowed
at tip, abruptly recurved at pedicel, closely softly grey-canescent.
Also a very distinct species; distinguished from Atylosia, as D. rostrata and
D. bella are, mainly by the pods not being depressed between the seeds.
84. RHYNCHOSITA Lour.
1. Ruynconosra rurescens DC. er
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—
Assam; Brahmaputra Valley, common, Simons! Jenkins! Mann!
Burma; Katha, J. Anderson! Mingyin Hills, Prazer !
4, RuyncHosia aAuREA DO. *.
In the Flora of British India this is made to include R. capitata DC.; from the
field-botanist’s point of view this is not entirely necessary as the two plants cannot
be confused. The diagnosis between the two forms is as follows :—
Racemes few-flowered, peduncle shorter than the leaves, naked ;
standard striped longitudinally with purple veins “— ‘.., de. aured.
Racemes many-flowered, peduncles longer than the leaves, with a
slender leafless abortive shoot springing from near the middle;
standard yellow without purple stripes ae .. Re capitata.
It is of little consequence whether we follow De Candolle and Wight and
Arnott in treating the two as distinct species, or if we merely treat R. capitata as a
variety of R. awrea. But it will be observed that the name “aurea” is rather more
applicable to the plant to which it does not truly belong, than to the other.
6. RHYNCHOSIA SUAVEOLENS DO.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—
Upper Burma; Kyaukse, Sagaing, Collen, etc., ) CPOE Re common,
’ King’s Collectors !
7. RayYNncHOosIA AVENSI8 Benth.
Excellent specimens of this plant have been recently received from Maymyo,
we It, 05
436 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose’. [No. 2,
This is said to be the same species as Atylosia candicanms Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xliii. pt. 2. 186. Had such been really the case, the publication of a different
MSS. specific name for the plant as a Rhynchosia was obviously unnecessary. And as
there are some well-meaning but injudicious bibliographers who will hasten, if
they read this note, to change the name, it is necessary to protect them against
themselves and explain how matters stand.
Dr. Wallich issued two separate plants as Dolichos candicans Wall. Cat. 5567 and
Cajanus ? candicans Wall. Cat. 5576 respectively. These two plants resemble each
other in that both have leaves woolly beneath ; they differ totally in shape of leaflets.
Mr. Kurz has however considered them conspecific and has based his “ Atylosia
candicans”? on both. It is true that his description of A. candicans must apply
mainly to Cajanus? candicans, for Mr. Kurz, in disposing of Dolichos candicans,
ventured to do so although only one specimen was available to him for study and
that specimen has neither flowers nor fruit.
By the rule that purists in nomenclature are so desirous of applying with
Draconic rigidity it follows that the specific epithet “ candicans,” granted always
that both the plants are Rhynchosias, must go to~ Wall. Cat. 5567 as the earlier
number; Wall. Cat. 5576, the plant under discussion, being congeneric with the
other but certainly not conspecific, had to receive a new epithet and has therefore
been named R. avensis by Mr. Bentham. Mr. Kurz, in the Society’s Journal xlv. pt:
2, 258, has by oversight transposed the citations and has identified R. avensis with
precisely the plant that Mr. Bentham did not designate by that name.
15. Rayncnosia PILosa Wall.
Dr. King’s collectors have recently sent this from Sagaen, the. locality in
which it was originally discovered by Dr. Wallich. The pod is remarkably like
the pod of R. aurea and the species must be transferred to § Nomismia.
20. RHYNCHOSIA BRACTEATA Benth. |
Add to synonyms of #. B. I.:--Rhynchosia mollissima Dalz. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 186.
The original specimens on which Mr. Dalzell founded his R. mollissima are
absolutely typical examples of Dolichos bracteatus Wall. Dalzell’s name is the first
that was given to the plant in its proper genus, but there are at least three other plants
to which the name R. mollissima has been applied; it is therefore better to abandon
Dalzell’s name and to usé Bentham’s one, which has the further merit of conserving
the oldest specific epithet.
21.. Ruyncnosia acutissima Thwaites.
Add to localities of F. B, I.:—Stxxim; Terai at Bamanpokri,
Gamble! Assam; Brahmaputra Valley, Manni
22. RHYNCHOSIA DENSIFLORA DO.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; Sagaen, Wallich 5499 EH!
King’s Collectors! Shan Plateau, common Lieieriibel:
85. FLEMINGIA Roxs.
Susaen 1. Ostryopium Desv.
Mr. Baker has reduced all the forms of this section, except F. Chappar, to F.
atrobilifera R. Br.; the impossibility of adopting this course is obvious to those
1897. | D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. « 437
who know the plants as they grow. The section includes four very distinct and easily
recognisable Indian species; no forms connecting one with another have hitherto
been found. The following key will enable their separation :—
Erect shrubs 5-10 feet high; (leaves oblong or ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, rounded at base); bracts $-1 in. long :—
Lateral nerves all subequal 8-10 pairs; bracts 1 in., finely
puberulous, usually all obscurely cuspidate (some-
times the highest slightly emarginate) ... . L. F. strobilifera.
Lateral nerves 4-6 pairs, the basal pair longer, stronger
and more oblique than the rest; bracts ? in. softly
hirsute with long hairs usually all slightly emarginate
(sometimes the lowest obscurely cuspidate) iad, aa a. DR ACTeOLG:
’ Low shrubs 1-3 feet high; bracts emarginate 3-% in. long :—
Leaves ovate subacute or obtuse with subcordate base,
bract 3 in. long, sparsely hirsute on the nerves with
long adpressed hairs; habit trailing dey . 3. FP. fruticulosa.
Leaves lanceolate with cuneate base; bracts ? in. foie
softly pubescent with long spreading white hairs ... 4. F. fluminalis.
1. Freminera stropinirera R. Br.: Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
227 (as to the typical form only).
This species has never been collected in the Himalayas, The
following are the localities from which specimens in Herb. Calcutta
have been reported.
Scinpe; Campbell! Raseurana ; King! C. Inp1a; Vicary ! Jerdon!
Duthie! Concan; Stocks! Gibson! Deccan; dnote ! Balajt Nene!
Carnatic; Heyne! Natamauuat Hints; Sim!\Cryton; Beckett! Cuora
Nagpur; Wood! Gamble! Benar; Ball! Hooker! Assam; Griffith!
Mann! Jenkins! Simons! Peal! Stnnet; Wallich! Kuasta; Clarke!
JainteaA; Rita! Naca His; Masters! Collett! Wusnat; Prazer !-
Cuirtacone; Clarke! Gamble! King’s Collector! Cain Hints; King’s
Collectors! Yunnan; Anderson! Prou; Kurz! Ternassertm; Falconer!
Anpamans ; Man! King’s Collectors! Nicopars; Jelinek ! Kurz! Parax ;
Scortechini ! Kunstler! Panane; Ridley! Sincarore; Hullett ! Panane ;
Wallich! Scott! Matacca ; Grifith! Senancor ; Ridley’s Collector! Java ;
Kurz! Anderson! Cetuses; Barclay! Siam; Schomburgk ! Mauritius ;-
introd., (no collector’s name)! Jamaica; introd., Lane !
1b. FLEMINGIA BRACTEATA Wight, ‘te t. 268. FF. strobilifera var.
bracteata Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 227.
The following are the localities from which specimens of this
species have been reported to Herb. Calcutta ; it is by no means con-
fined to the Eastern Himalaya and Burma; not a single Himalayan:
specimen has been sent from so high up as 1000 feet though it occurs
all along the foot of the hills from the Kamaon Bhabar to the Hasterm
Duars.
Nixewiris; Wight! Concan; Ritchie! Canara; Talbot! CO. Inpia;
458— D.. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
R. Thompson! Duthie! Oupn; R. Thompson! Cuota Nagpur; Clarke !
Gamble! Brenan; T. Thomson! Clarke! Garuwat; Bhabar, King !
Kamaon; Terai, King! Nupat; Terai, Scully! Hieronymus! Sixx ;
Terai, Kurz! Clarke! Bootan; Duars, Simons! Upper Burma; Ander-
son! King’s Collectors! Peau; McLelland! Brandis! Kurz! YUNNAN;
Anderson! Suan Hints; Fulton! Tenasserim ; Gallatly !
le. FLEMINGIA FRUTICULOSA Wall.
The following are the localities for this species so far as is known;
as will be seen it is not confined to the Central Himalaya.
N.-W. Himataya; Simla, dry spots in sunny woods, 7000 feet,
Grifith! J. Anderson! near Simla at 5000 ft., Gamble! Dalhousie,
Clarke u. 33! Clarke n. 22076! Mattiana, 5000 feet, Brandis! Garhwal,
near Owra, 6-7000 feet, Duthie! Kamaon, King ! A specimen of this
collected by Dr. T. Thomson, but with no precise locality, has been
issued in Herb. Ind. Or.as F. strobilifera and has been noted as occurring
at 1000 feet; no other botanist has met with the plant so low sivas
CENTL. Hiaivar’ Nepal, Wallich n: 5754 ! |
ld. FueminciaA PLumINALIS CO. B. Olarke MSS.; leaves narrowly
lanceolate, base cuneate; bracts subsecundly disposed, softly pubescent
emarginate. 7
Cuitracone; Demagri, Clarke n. 19777! Burkul, Lister n. 117!
Burma; Hukong Valley, Griffith n. 1675! Pegu, Kurz n. 2524! Shan
Plateau at Makhoye, King’s Collector !
A small shrub 1-3 feet high; branches slender fluted, twiggy, velvety. Leaves
subcoriaceous 2°5 in. long, ‘6 in. wide, green, adpressed-pubescent, above sparsely
beneath densely ; lateral nerves very oblique about 8 pairs, stipules scarious linear
‘Bin. long. Racemes 2-4 in. long; bracts erecto-patent, short-petioled, cordate, *4 in.
long, all faintly emarginate. Calyx ‘2 in., finely pilose; teeth lanceolate exceeding
the tube. Corolla pale, little exserted.
A very distinct. form, evidently quite entitled to specific rank.
2. Friemineia Cuappar Ham.
This species is quite common immediately to the south of Behar; it has been.
collected at Sambalpur by Griffith and in Ganjam by Gamble.
3. FLemineia panicuLata Wall.
This species is quite common in Upper Burma and has recently been repeatedly sent
from the Chindwin Valley, from the Ruby Mines district, and from the Shan Plateau.
4, FLEMINGIA LINEATA Roxb.
Var. glutinosa var. nov. ; leaflets larger acute, flowers rather larger,
all parts closely beset with ices glandular hairs.
Burma; S. Shan States at Taungyi, King’s Collector! TENASSERIM ;
on Taepo, 5000 feet, Gallatly !
This will probably require to be recognised at some future time as specifically
distinct.
1897.] | D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. 439.
5b. Fremineara pracox OC. B. Clarke MSS.; branches terete, leaflets
thin large acuminate glabrous, bracts linear firm hardly exceeding the
buds, calyx-tube ribbed glabrescent, teeth thinly silky. i
Cuittacone; Clarke 19916! Crntt. Provinces; Chanda, Duthie.
9408 ! a 2d
A tall shrub; woody subtriquetrous stems quite glabrous. ‘Stipules medium >
scariose, soon falling; petiole 3-4 in., triquétrous, deeply sulcate, slightly winged,
leaflets subcoriaceous, 4-10 in. long, oblong narrowed to both ends, glabrous on both:
surfaces except for the faintly puberulous prominent midrib and 12-24 -pairs of,
parallel oblique lateral veins beneath. Racemes dense, narrowly cylindric, 2-3 in.
long, bracts overlapping, rigidly scariose, the longest only ‘25 in. long, margins silky
otherwise glabrous ; pedicels very short. Calyx ‘25 in., teeth linear, the lowest’ twice
as long as the rest. Corolla as long as the lowest sah tooth. . TAT
_ A very distinct species, nearest to F. stricta and with similar foliage, fad with
totally different bracts. cr
6. Fremincra Granamiana W. & A.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; Shan Hills at Taney
Collett ! Makhoye, etc., King’s Collectors !
‘
\
This is the plant alluded to under Flemingia congesta by Sir H. Collett and Mr.
Hemsley (Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.) as a variety with clustered 1 racemes. oh
7. ELEMINGIA CONGESTA Roxb.
This name in the Flora of British India is made to include a number of distinct:
and quite unmistakeable species. Some of these are treated as distinct varieties,
others are simply merged in the type or in or other of these varieties. The follow-
ing key may assist in distinguishing the plants themselves.
‘ Erect woody undershrubs with rather tall stems :—
Racemes condensed shorter than the petioles :—
Calyx teeth longer than the tube, leaves green beneath :— Min
Bracts and calyx sparsely grey-silky “eo ... F. congesta: ’
Bracts and calyx adpressed tawny-pubescent .... F. prostrata. ©
Calyx teeth shorter than the tube, leaves rusty beneath, the bate SH
flowers very small __... ‘ vy .. F, ferruginea.
Racemes elongated exceeding the nisliclos —
Leaves densely uniformly rusty-tomentose beneath, petioles
not winged... ie F. Wightiana.
Leaves pubescent only on tha nerves peaealn: potiotes slight-
ly winged :—
Bracts and calyx densely brown-silky, leaves reddish beneath,
racemes not so long as leaves... F. latifolia.
Bracts and calyx sparsely grey-silky, racemes pathan pete as
long as the leaves... is Ne ... FF. semialata,
Low shrubs with a woody subterannean stem :—
' Bracts and calyx glabrous or with short close pubescence ... FF. nana,
Bracts and calyx with long silky pubescence : F. sericans.
-[The last species given in the Key is united by Mr. Baker with P Wallichii and
not with F. congesta. |
440 D. Prain — Some additional Léguminose. [No. 2,
The synonyms and distribution of these different species are as fol-
lows :— . ay
7a. FLEMINGIA conGEsTA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. iii. 340 ;
DC. Prodr, ti. 351; W. & A. Prodr. 241; Wight, Ic. t. 390; Dalz. §
Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 75; Wall. Cat. 5747 (for the most part); Mig. Flor.:
_ Ind. Bat. i. 164; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 228 (eacl. syn. F. angusti-
folia Roxb. and all the varieties); Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xlv.:
2. 260. Crotalaria macrophylla Willd. Sp. Pl, iii. 982. Rhynchosia
crotalarioides DC. Prodr. ii. 387. |
Of this there are two very distinct varieties :—
Var. a. typica; petioles not winged, leaves dark-green. (To this.
variety belong all the synonyms cited above).
Common everywhere throughout India, British Indo-China and the Malay
Peninsula. Owing to this having been first described as Crotalaria macrophylla, Dr.’
O. Kuntze has taken the opportunity of employing the name “ F. macrophylla
Kuntze,” with what precise significance he has failed to make clear. -
Var. B. viridis; petioles distinctly winged, leaves thinner and pale-,
green. Flemingia semialata Wall. Cat. 5746 D. (not at all of Roxb.)
F. semialata var. viridis Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 261.
Concan; Stocks! Gibson! Vingorla, T. Cooke! Brnar; Bettiah,
Hieronymus! Burma; Prome, Wallich 5746 D! Rangoon, Cleghorn !
Pegu, Kurz! Brandis! Shan Hills, common, King’s Collectors ! Tenas-
seRiM; Migatoom, Gallatly ! 7
This variety, though very widespread in Burma, seems to be rare in India.
7b. FLEMINGIA PROSTRATA Roxb, Flor. Ind. iii. 338; Benth. in Pl.
Jungh. 245; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 260. F. angustifolia
Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 341. F. congesta Bak. (in part) and F. congesta
var. semialata Bak. (in part) loc. cit., but not at all either F. congesta or
F. semialata of Roxb. |
Harpwak:; Hardwicke. Norta Beneat; Titalya, Kurz! Hast
BencaL; Mymensingh, Clarke 7830! Comilla, Clarke 14228! Assam ;
Sadiya, G. Gammie! Kuasta; Hooker and Thomson! G. Mann! Clarke
18667! 38916! 40327! Burma; Shan Hills, Collett 411! Martaban,
Kurz! Distr. China (Hupeh, Henry n. 1640).
The Comilla, the Sadiya, the Burmese, and some of the Khasia specimens accord
well with the description given by Roxburgh of F. prostrata, which was not described
by him from Indian specimens but from plants raised from Chinese seeds; the re-
mainder either accord with F. angustifolia or serve to connect the two plants.
7c. ELEMINGIA FERRUGINEA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5750; Benth. in Pl.
Jungh. 245; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xlv. 2. 260. F. congesta var.
Wightiana Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 229 in part, not F. Wightiana
Grah.
1897. D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose: 441
Burma; Pegu and Shan Hills, very common.
b
This is the most easily separated of all the ‘“ Congesta ” group, owing to the
extreme smallness of its flowers. The form with which it might most easily be
confused is F. congesta VAR. viridis ; in this case, however, besides the smaller flowers,
’ the red colour of the leaves beneath at once effects a diagnosis.
7d. Fusmincia Wicutrana Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5751; W. & A.
Prodr, 242. FE. congesta var. Wightiana Bak: in Flor. Brit. Ind. iu.
229 (excl. syn. F. ferruginea Girah,)
Niteniris; Wight!
Almost as easily separated as the preceding, in this case owing to the soft
uniform pubescence on the leaflets beneath. Jt might most readily be mistaken for
F. Grahamiana but its leaves are more densely pubescent and its bracts are not at
all rigid. |
Ze. FLEMINGIA LATIFOLIA Benth. in Pl, Jungh. 246; Mig, Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 163. F. congesta var. latifolia Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 229.
Of this very distinct species there are two marked varieties :—
Var. a. typica; bracts not broader than calyx, racemes more lax.
F. latifolia var. genuina Kurz in Journ, As. Soc, Beng. xlv. 2. 261.
Kuasta; Hooker and Thomson! Naca Hirus; Masters! Burma;
Maymyo, King’s Collector ! Disrris. Java.
"This most resembles F. congesta, but its bracts are broader, its racemes longer,
its flowers larger; the bracts and calyx are densely brown-silky, and the leaves
beneath have a reddish tinge from the sparse rusty tomentum on the nerves.
Var. B. grandiflora Kurz loc. cit. ; bracts broader than calyx, racemes
dense at first strobilate, flowers larger. |
Burma; Pegu, Kurz 1636! Shan Hills, King’s Collector !
A very distinct variety that it may yet be necessary to raise to specific rank.
7f. FLEMINGIA SEMIALATA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. iii. 340 ;
Don. Prodr. 242; W. & A. Prodr. 241; Wight, Ic. t. 326; Wall. Cat.
5746 (mainly, but excluding letters K and G). F. congesta var. semialata
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 229 (excl. syn. F. prostrata Roxb.)
Himatayas ; from Chamba to Bootan. - Kuasia, Naca and Manipur
Hills. Benar; on Parasnath, Hooker! Thomson! Anderson! Wood !
Nineuiris ; Wight ! |
This cannot be mistaken for any of the preceding species owing to its long lax
racemes; it has not yet been sent to Calcutta from Burma, Malaya or China.
7g. Fiemineta nana Roxb, Hort. Beng. 56; Fl. Ind. iii. 339; Wight,
Ic. t. 389. F. congesta var. nana Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 229 (as
to the foregoing citations only but not at all as to the plant described.)
| Canara; Dongi, Talbot 960! C. Inpra; Sagor, Jerdon! Benar ;
Pachet, Kurz! Manbhum, V. Bull! Campbell !
442 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose.. [No. 2,
This could only be mistaken for the next species, not by any possibility for any
of the preceding; the diagnosis as will be seen from the key is, however, sufficiently
easy.
To what plant the F. B. I. diagnosis of VAR. nana a refers it is impossible to ascer-
tain because there is no example of Wall. Cat. 5748 A. or of Wall. Cat. 5749 -
at Calcutta. Wall. Cat. 5748 B., which is henna is certainly quite distinct specifically
from Roxburgh’s species.
- Wight, Icones t. 389, is a black and white reproduction of Dr. Roxburgh’s own
excellent coloured drawing of this species. And Wight’s, Icones t. 408, is a similar
reproduction of the totally different F. procwmbens Roxb. which has been redes-
cribed i in the F. B. I. under the name F. vestita.
A
7h. FLeMinata SERICANS Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, xliii. 2. 186 ;
Coll. § Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 50. F. Wallichii Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 229 in part, not of W.& A. F. nana Wall. Cat. 5748 B:
not of Roxb.
Burma; Pegu, Kurz! Bread, Wallich ! Shan Hills, Collett !
This is undoubtedly correctly restored to specific rank by Sir H. Collett and
Mr. Hemsley. After dissecting flowers of all the Calcutta specimens both of this
and of F. nana the writer is convinced that the two cannot be united. The nearest
ally of. F. sericans is in reality F. ferruginea.
8. Furemincia Watticui W. & A.
. Delete from synonyms of F. B. L, both F. nana Wall., and wv:
sericans Kurz.
Delete from localities :— Prome and Martaban.
«=» 10. Furmineia procumBens Roxb. Hort. Beng. 56; Flor. Ind. iii.
338; Wight Ic. t. 408. F. vestita Benth. ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.
230. Dolichos vestitus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5545.
Roxburgh’s original coloured drawing of F. procumbens, of which Wight’s quoted
figure is but a rough copy, shows that the species has nothing whatever in common
with F. nana, but that it is on the contrary an excellent representation of the plant
afterwards issued by Wallich as Dolichos vestitws and described since, in the
F. B. I., as Flemingia vestita.
‘86. DALBERGIA Linn. Fit.
[The oldest name for this genus is Amerimnon Browne, Hist. Jamaic. 288, t. 31,
f. 3; this has been pointed out by Sir J. D. Hooker and Mr. Jackson in their Index
Kewensis and by Dr. O. Kuntze in his Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 158.]
2. DALBERGIA LATIFOLIA Roxb.
It is singular that no one since the end of last century has found in the
Andaman group Dalbergia emarginata Roxb. which both Mr. Bentham and Mr. Baker
declare to be identical with the same author’s D. latifolia. Perhaps it occurs in
the little explored Northern Island where at one time a settlement existed, but vee
no one visits now.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 443°
Dalbergia sissoides Grah., treated in the F. B. I. as a variety of D. latifolia, is
apparently a distinct species, differing in flowers as well as in leaves. Mr. Baker
further suggests that D. javanica Mig. may be same as D. sissoides ; it differs some-
what in the greater persistence of the obovate bracteoles that embrace the bud.
But specimens that Messrs. Koorders and Valeton have recently issued, and others
kindly sent from Java by Dr. Treub, show that Mr. Baker is perhaps justified in re-
ducing D, javanica to D. latifolia.
3. Datserata ovata Grah.
Mr. Kurz keeps D. glauca separate from D. ovata as a species; in this he is
perhaps right. D. glauca is the plant described in the F. B. I. as D. ovata var.
obtusifolia,
4, DaLBERGIA PSEUDO-siISsoo Mzq.
Add to localities of #. B. I.:—Matay Prninsvua; very common
everywhere. Dustrip. Borneo.
This is really, as Mr. Baker suggests, the same as D. pseudo-sissoo Miq. and Dr.
Miquel’s name, being the earlier, is the one that must be used for the species.
For material of Dr. Miquel’s species as well as for notes and drawings from all the
types preserved in the Leyden Herbarium the writer is indebted to the great kind-
ness of Mr. Suringar, who has also proved that D. Sissoo Miq. is not D. Sissoo Roxb.
but is simply another form of the present species.
4b. Datseroia Hutierri Prain, Journ. As. Sec. Beng. \xvi. 2.119;
a small tree, leafless when flowering; flowers in short clustered racemes
emerging from tufts of small rusty-pubescent triangular bracts in axils
of fallen leaves, lowest pedicels longer than the rest all rusty-pubescent
as are the peduncles, petal-claws as long as calyx, pod unknown.
Amerimnon Hullettii Prain MSS.
Srncapore; Hullett !
Branches glabrous rugose black, numerous blackish rugose rusty-puberu-
lous branchlets densely covered with numerous clusters of racemes 1-1'5 in. long,
laxly rusty-pubescent. Lowest pedicels ‘3 in. long; bracteoles at base of calyx
subulate very small. Calyx campanulate, densely rusty-tomentose, + in. long.
Corolla 2-3 times as long as calyx, blade of standard orbicular. Stamens 9, rarely
10, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous with densely pubescent stalk, ovule solitary.
The pod being unknown this may prove a Sissoa near D, pseudo-sissoo or a
Selenolobium near D. monosperma, the probability being however that it is a Sissoa.
The nearest ally is an apparently undescribed species from Borneo (Haviland n.
2894) which has exactly the inflorescence of Hullett’s plant and has flowers that
only differ in having the ovary as well as its stipe densely woolly. The Borneo plant
(which, by agreement with Mr. Haviland, cannot be described in Herb. Calcutta)
has leaves with either solitary or trifoliolate leaflets, when trifoliolate the lateral
leaflets are subopposed.
7. DaALBERGIA RUBIGINOSA Roxb.
Roxburgh says that this has ten stamens; Wight and Arnott say that usually
they have found only nine; Bentham, too, says there are only nine. The writer
hag examined very many flowers and has never found fewer than ten, in one bundle ;
de I. 00
AAA D, Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Wight and Arnott and Bentham could hardly, however, be mistaken and, at least
sometimes, there must be nine.
In the F. B. I. it is said of this that it has the habit of D. monosperma but that it
is readily known by its stamens and ovary. By its ovary it is usually easily known
since here there are almost always more than the solitary ovule which marks D.
monosperma. What exactly is meant by the difference as to the stamens of the two
species is not very clear. The F. B. I. does not say, with Roxburgh, that there are
10 or, with Bentham, that there are 9 in D. rubiginosa. As regards D. monosperma
however, it says there are two bundles of 5 each, which is never the case in that
species. Except that in D. rubiginosa the sheath has apparently usually 10, and in
D. monosperma only 9 filaments there is no difference between the two. They differ,
however, decidedly as to leaves, the secondary nerves being more numerous in D.
rubiginosa, and as to pods those of D. rubiginosa being thin membranous and reticu-
lately veined on the wings as well as opposite the seeds. The plant that Mr. Kurz
supposed to be this (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 281) is D. confertiflora.
7b. DaALBERGIA GARDNERIANA Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43.
This was supposed by Gardner to be only a form of D. rubiginosa of which it has
exactly the pods and the flowers, though the calyx is more woolly, and the leaflets
which are of a different shape, are densely rusty underneath; Mr. Bentham hag
very justly given the species a separate place. Mr. Baker, onthe other hand, reduces
it to D. congesta; the following diagnosis between the two species will indicate their
distinctness.
Leaves rounded or obtuse, glabrous and strongly closely reti-
culate above, densely woolly beneath; calyx woolly ; pod thin
reticulate everywhere a .. D. Gardneriana.
Leaves retuse or emarginate finely ee ifioethllenes on both
surfaces, calyx glabrous, pod thick,, hadi reticulate opposite
seeds, elsewhere smooth ... SS a ... D. congesta.
10. Dapercia JUNGHUANII Tn
Var. typica; leaflets 7-9, oblong, glabrous or slightly puberulous.
Penance; 500 feet, Curtis! Stnaapore; Hullett! Matacca; Maingay
547 ! Goodenough 1383 !
Var. Scortechinii Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi, 2.115; leaflets
11-15, elliptic, more closely puberulous, as is the inflorescence.
Matacca; Maingay 549! Scortechini 1830! Sincapore ; Ridley 6406 !
Distris. Borneo,
Unfortunately neither Griffith’s Malacca plant nor Junghuhn’s Sumatra one—
the two on which Mr. Bentham founded the species—are at Calcutta. The typical
variety, as here distinguished, includes all the specimens at Calcutta issued from
Herb. Kew. as D. Junghuhnii; the plant separated as var. Scortechinii has either
been distributed unnamed or has been marked variously “near D. Junghuhnii”
and “near D. sympathetica.” It has the flowers of D. Junghuhnii exactly, and
thus differs from D. sympathetica in having rather shorter petals. Its leaflets
differ equally from those of D. Junghuhnii (as represented by Curtis’ Penang plant)
and those of D. sympathetica; considering how closely the species of Dalbergia
approach each other it may be necessary at some future time to treat Dalbergia
Scortechinui as specifically distinct. Its pods are, however, at present unknown, and
it is more convenient therefore to subordinate it in the meantime to D. Junghuhnii.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 4AS
The question has been raised whether this is the lost D. parviflora Roxb. The
larger number of leaflets seems to the writer to be a fatal objection. This objection
does not perhaps, apply so strongly to typical D. Junghuhnu, but there is another strong
objection in the shape of the pods, which are described as falcate in D. parviflora ;
this character makes it certain, in the writer’s opinion, that, in spite of the great
authority of Mr. Bentham and Mr. Baker, the lost D. parviflora is to be sought for in
the section Selenolobium Bth. (the genus Drepanocarpus HK. Mey.) and not in the
section Sissoa at all. To the objection that D. parviflora has monadelphous stamens
whereas the F. B. I. defines the section Selenolobium as having the stamens in two
bundles of 5 each, it may be answered that this definition is due to an oversight and
does not accord with reality, for D. torta (D. monosperma,) which is the type of
the section, has, as Mr. Bentham quite correctly says, only monadelphous stamens.
11. Davsereia conrerTirLora Benth. D. rubiginosa Kurz, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 281 not of Roab.
Add to localities of #’. B. I.:—Crirracone; Lister! King’s Collec-
tor! Burma; Kurz! ANDAMANS; very common.
The writer has seen no specimen from Oudh. There are in Herb. Calcutta two
from the Concan that profess to belong to this species; one comes from Herb. Ind.
Or. H. f. § T. the other from Herb. Dalzell. Both are D. volubilis.
12. DaLserGiaA vELUTINA Benth.
Var. Maingayi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 117; leaves
ultimately glabrescent beneath, twigs almost black.
Mereui; Griffith! Matacca; Maingay! Srincarore; Ridley !
12d. Datpercia Cotterti Prain; a tree, leaflets 9-15, ovate with
rounded tip or ovate-lanceolate with blunt tip, puberulous above, pu-
bescent beneath, flowers minute in ample terminal panicles with rather
lax cymose branches, pedicels and petal-claws very short, pod lanceolate
1-2-seeded with very long stalk and long narrow tapering point. Dal-
bergia sp. Coll. & Hemsl. Journ, Linn. Soc. xxviii. 50. Amerimnon
Collettii Prain MSS. |
Burma; Shan Hills at 4000-5000 ft.; Ywangen, Collett 723! Lwe-
kaw, King’s Collectors !
_ A tree 25-30 feet high, branches grey-downy. Leaves grey-puberulous above,
persistently rather densely pubescent beneath, leaflets 1°25-2 in. long, ‘5-1 in. wide,
rather firm, reticulately veined, stipules small. Panicles short-peduncled, peduncles
and branches densely pubescent, 1°5 in. long, 1 in. broad, the ultimate branchlets
forming scorpioid cymes. Calyx pubescent +, in.; teeth short-triangular. Corolla
4 in. Pod firm, reticulate-veined, 2-3 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, 1—2-seeded, stalk } in.
long, point narrowed to an acute tip.
A very distinct species with flowers as in D. Junghuhnii, fruits rather like those
of D. lanceolaria, and leaves a little like those of D. velutina with which Sir H.
Collett and Mr. Hemsley have compared it. It has, however, very much smaller
and very different flowers and stipules. The collectors of the Calcutta Herbarium
have recently brought in an abundant supply of fruiting specimens so that a de-
scription of the species can now be given. The specimen in young fruit mentioned
446 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
by Collett and Hemsley as possibly the same has larger flowers, and proves on examin-
ation to be a Dalbergaria not a Sissoa. Its foliage is, indeed, remarkably like that of
D. Collettii, but its leaflets are fewer and the tomentum is rusty not grey.
13. Datpereta Metanoxyton Guill. & Perr., Fl. Senegal, 227, t. 53.
(D. Stocksii Benth.).
This is more often planted than wild in the Concan and Canara; it goes there,
according to a note in the Herbarium of Mr. Talbot, which has been kindly lent for
study by its owner, under the name of “Chinese Blackwood.” Mr. Bentham has
described the stamens of D. Melanoxylon as being 10 in number and isadelphous, i.e.,
in 2 bundles of 5 each. But he quotes the species described and figured by
Guillemin and Perrottet, loc. cit., as the plant he intends, in spite of these authors
having described as either 9- or 10-stamened, the stamens being monadelphous
with the central (vexillary) one rather longer than the others and rather more
separated at the top from the lateral groups than the members of these groups are
from each other; the figure, too, that Mr. Bentham cites, instead of showing 10
stamens in 2 bundles shows 9 in one bundle, the central one longer than the rest and
according in other respects with the description. The description and figure referred
to agree absolutely with the characters of Mr. Bentham’s D. Stocksw, our present
plant; after analysing flowers from every example, whether African or Indian, in
Herb. Calcutta, the writer is convinced that whatever D. Melanoawylon Benth. (Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 47) may be, the true D. Melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. and D. Stocksii
Bth. are one. species.
14. Da.BerGia sYMPATHETICA Nimmo.
In the Calcutta Herbarium, Wall. Cat. 5848B. (from Herb. Heyne) is also this
species.
14b, DaLBeRGIA SUBSYMPATHETICA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi.
2.116; scandent, leaflets 9-15, oblong truncate, thinly grey-pubescent
beneath, flowers in small axillary panicles with dense corymbose
branches, pod thin greenish oblong, 1—2-seeded not veined opposite
the seeds, distinctly stalked. Amerimnon. subsympatheticum Prain
MSS.
Penana; Curtis! Perak, very common. Singapore; Hulett!
Branches often twisted, the young ones finely grey-downy. Leaves 15-3 in.
long; leaflets moderately firm; thinly adpressed-pubescent beneath. Panicles
distinctly peduncled with finely pubescent ascending curved branches, the ultimate
branchlets secund. Calyw 5 in., pubescent, with 2 small obtuse bracteoles at base,
teeth short obtuse except the lowest lanceolate. Corolla twice the calyx, petal-
claws short, standard narrow, white. Stamens 9 monadelphous. Ovary glabrous
except along the lower suture. Pod thin membranous greenish glabrous, 2°5 in. long, _
1 in. wide, 1-seeded, slightly cuneate at base and distinctly stalked.
Very nearly related to D. Junghuhuwii and only differing by its much smaller
leaflets and rather longer flowers which are arranged in smaller more numerous
panicles. Also exceedingly like D. sympathetica from which it differs in its glabrous
ovary, distinctly stalked pods and usually fewer leaflets not silky beneath.
14c. Datserata Mituerti Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 34;
scandent, leaflets 25-35, glabrous, crowded, linear-oblong obtuse or
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. | 44,7
retuse, flowers in distinctly peduncled axillary cymes with glabrous or
minutely puberulous branches, pedicels very short, petal-claws shorter
than calyx, ovary pilose, pod ovate-oblong, l-seeded, indurated and rugose
opposite the seed. J). tamarindifolia Ioxb. Flor. Ind. iti. 233 in part;
Wight Ic. t. 242 (as to the fruit). D. polyphylla Benth. Pl. Jungh.
256, in part. Derris pinnata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 432 (possibly).
Kaasta ; 2—4000 feet, G. Mann! at Shampung, Collett ! at Maoksan-
dram, Clarke ! Disrris. China.
Branches sparsely clothed with fine brown pubescence. Leaves 3-6 in. long,
leaflets a little like those of D. tamarindifolia, but usually rather shorter and always
narrower besides differing in not’ being oblique. Cymes 1-2 in. long, slender.
Flowers small hardly 2? in. long. Pod 1°5-2 in. long, ? in. wide, “swelled, scabrous,
where the single seed is lodged ” (Rowburgh).
Mr. Kurz has already pointed out in the Society’s Journal (vol. xlv. pt. 2,
p. 281) that there is something seriously amiss in the identification of D. rufa Grah.
and D. multijuga Grah. with D. tamarindifolia Roxb. That the flowers and foliage of
D. tamarindifolia, as described by Roxburgh and‘as figured by him in the plate
subsequently published in Wight’s Icones t. 242, are those of D. rufaand of D.
multijuga is certainly true. But the fruit described and figured by Roxburgh is, as
Kurz was the first to remark, widely different. Mr. Kurz was apparently inclined
to suppose that the Assam (or Sylhet) plant described by Roxburgh might have
different fruit from that of the Burmese one. This supposition was only natural
since a mixture of flowers of one species with fruit of another is an accident of
_ which, such was his care and accuracy, there is hardly an instance in the whole of
Roxburgh’s work. The present is, however, such an instance. There are now
at Calcutta examples of the pods of D. tamarindifolia from every locality between
the Himalayas and the Malaya Archipelago and they never differ in any respect.
Moreover, since Mr. Kurz wrote, both Mr. Mann and Genl. Collett have collected
in the Khasia hills a plant that has a pod which accords exactly with Roxburgh’s
description and figure; this plant proves an analysis to be in all respects the same
as the Chinese D. Milletti. Mr. Clarke too has collected specimens with the same
- pods; his plant only differs from Mann’s and Collett’s in having leaflets rather
broader in proportion to their length. The figured pod in Wight’s plate is, as in the
original coloured drawing, shown detached. Probably what happened was that
Roxburgh’s living plants of D. tamarindifolia did not produce fruits in the Calcutta
garden, and that one of the fruits sent by a correspondent from Silhet as those of
Ketee, which is the vernacular name that Roxburgh quotes for D. tamarindifolia,
was drawn along-side the figure made from a living plant. But the fruit so figured,
instead of belonging to D. tamarindifolia, was that of the similar, but still very
different, species just described. ;
It has been usual to quote Derris pinnata Lour. as the equivalent of D. tamarin-
difolia. The latest author to do this is Dr. Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 159) and on this
assumption, for it is no more, he uses the specific name first used by Loureiro instead
of that used by Roxburgh. This is but another instance of bibliographic alteration
of name without reference to authentic specimens. Loureiro’s plant had glabrous
leaflets and therefore, unless it was misdescribed by Loureiro, an assumption that
no one has the slightest right to make, it cannot be D. tamarindifolia. That it may
be D. Milletti is not impossible, but so far no one has given such an account of the
448 D. Prain— Some additional Legumirose. [No. 2,
root as might enable one to decide. The rediscovery of Loureiro’s plant in Cochin
China ought to be easy, but till it takes place the writer prefers to let Derris pinnata
remain a doubtful species.*
15. DALBERGIA TAMARINDIFOLIA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 53.
This species is very common in the Andamans, in addition to the localities
mentioned in the F. B. I.; it occurs even on outlying members of the group like
Barren Island. The description in Rozb. Flor. Ind. iii. 233, as to leaves and flowers
applies to this species; as to fruit it applies to D. Milletti. ;
15b. DALBERGIA BURMANICA Prain; a tree; leaflets 7-9, oblong-
obtuse glabrous, flowers in congested sessile axillary panicles with
corymbose branches, pedicels short, petal-claws as long as the calyx,
pod unknown. Amerimnon burmanicum Prain MSS.
Burma; Ruby Mines district, King’s Collectors !
A tree 25 feet high or higher, young branches and leaves finely puberulous, soon
glabrous. Leaves 4 in. long, leaflets moderately firm, 1'5-2 in. long, stipules small
soon deciduous. Panicles sessile 1-2 in. long, the branches densely brown-pubescent ;
pedicels shorter than the calyx, the bracteoles at its base narrow lanceolate. Calyx
1 in., pubescent, teeth short obtuse. Corolla purple, 2-8 times the length of calyx,
blade of standard oblong. Stamens 9 monadelphous. Ovules 1-2.
A very distinct species with leaflets like those of D. velutina but glabrous and
less numerous, and with small not large stipules; combined with this we have an
inflorescence exactly like that of D. tamarindifolia and flowers only distinguishable
* In connection with this genus Kuntze allows his desire for “ pure priority ” to
carry him away so completely that be would use the name D. ferruginea (Roxb. Fl.
Ind. iii. 228) in place of D. stipulacea (Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 283), because it is given
on an earlier page. D. stipulacea Roxb. being submerged, he is able to resuscitate the
otherwise inadmissible D. stipulata (Wall. Cat. 5868) and to employ it instead of
D. velutina (Benth. Pl. Jungh. 255) a name proposed by Bentham in order to obviate
the trouble of having a “ stipulacea” and a “stipulata” in the same genus. As
Kuntze is at the same time replacing the name Dalbergia by the older but quite
unfamiliar one Amerimnon, he thus affords himself an opportunity of upsetting all
the old synonymy ; Dalbergia stipulacea becomes Amerimnon ferruginewm Kuntze ;
our D. velutina becomes A. stipulatum Kuntze ; our D. tamarindifolia becomes A. pinna-
tum Kuntze. Even if this were final it would be, in the writer’s humble opinion,
bibliography gone mad. But the worst of it is that it is anything but final. Kuntze’s
want of care in comparing the account that Loureiro gives of Derris pinnata has
made him assume the responsibility of the name Amerimnon pinnatum as designating
Dalbergia tamarindifolia. As Derris pimnata cannot, unless Loureiro blundered in
his description—and this Kuntze has no right to assume—be Dalbergia tamarindifolia
at all, Kuntze’s name must be altered by the next bibliographic purist. More extra-
ordinary still our bibliographer errs in his own particular province. The names
D. stipulacea and D. ferruginea were not first published on pages 233 and 228
respectively of the third volume of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica. They were issued first
in the Hortus Bengalensis, D. stipulacea being published on p. 53 and D. ferruginea
not till p. 98 of that work. So that after all, by Kuntze’s own “rules,” D. stipu-
lacea is the prior name and the next “ bibliographer” is recommended the happy
task of undoing Kuntze’s alterations.
a
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 449
from those of D. tamarindifolia in being purple, not white, and in having narrower
and rather longer bracteoles under the calyx. From both D. velwtina and D.
tamarindifolia it differs in being a tree. Also like D. lanceolaria its leaves only
begin to appear after flowering has commenced. The pod being unknown this may
be a Selenolobiwm ; more probably, however, it is a Sissoa.
17. Datpereta purPUREA Wall.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—D. paniculata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 279 and For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 345.
This, as Mr. Bentham and Mr. Baker have pointed out, is very nearly related to
D. lanceolaria. Mr. Bentham in describing the plant suggests that it may be a
climber; Mr. Baker in his description omits the doubt and speaks of it as scandent.
It is, however, the tree known as Tabou-ben or Ta-pouk-ben in Pegu. The species is
based on Wall. Cat. 5869, but under this number Dr. Wallich, as in many other
instances, has in the hurry of distribution confused two very distinct species; the
specimen of Wall. Cat. 5869 at Calcutta is the same as Wall. Cat. 5859, which is
Dalbergia cana Grah. The effect of this mistake has been very far-reaching and has
led to quite a number of misidentifications in Mr. Kurz’s admirable Forest Flora, the
most authoritative work on Burmese trees.
D. purpurea differs, as Mr. Bentham and Mr. Baker point out, from D. lanceolaria,
of which it seems to be the representative in Burma, in having a calyx with shorter
teeth and in having a rather shorter corolla. It differs besides in having no callosity
on the standard. It appears further to form no new leaves till flowering is over ;
in D. lanceolaria the new leaves begin to show while flowering is still going on.
18. DatBerGsa VOLUBILIS. Roxb.
This species is also very common in the Andamans; and all the specimens from
the Western Ghauts seen by the writer that profess to be D. confertiflora prove to
be D. volubilis.
19. DaBerGia assamica Benth.
This is, according to Mr. Peal, the tree known in Assam as Medeloa. Whether it
is in no case a climber is not so clear as one would wish; there seems no foundation
_ for the statement that it occursin Kamaon. It is the Assamese representative of
D. lanceolaria just as D. purpurea is the Burmese representative of that species.
- 20. DALBERGIA PANICULATA Roxb. :
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:— D, nigrescens Kurz, Pegu Rep. App.
A 48 and App. B 45; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 279.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burma; common everywhere from
the Hukung Valley (Griffith n. 1810!) and Bhamo (J. Anderson !) to
Pegu (Kurz !), the Karen Hills (Hyre!) and Shan Hills (King’s
Collectors !)
22. DALBERGIA HIRCINA Benth.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—D. robusta Wall. Cat. 5849A
(partly). D. stenocarpa Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. pt. 2 205.
Dr. Wallich has apparently made an usually grave confusion in connection with
this species and D. lanceolaria. Mr. Baker finds that in London the true D. hircina
Ham. is represented by Wall.-Cat. 5871B only, 5871A being D. lanceolaria. This is
450 D. Prain— Some additional Legumi: ose. [No. 2,
also the case at Calcutta. But in London Mr. Baker finds that D. robusta Wall. (Cat.
5849A) is D. lanceolaria, whereas at Calcutta it is D. hircina. In neither case,
however, is it Roxburgh’s D. robusta; Dr. Roxburgh’s species is a Derris.
236. Datsereia HeEmsteyi Prain; a tree, leaflets 5-7 ovate-obtuse,
ferrugineo-pubescent, flowers in peduncled axillary lax few-fid. panicles,
pedicels longer than calyx, petal-claws medium, pod 1-3-seeded rather
thickened and veined opposite the seeds. Amerimnum Hemsleyi Prain
MSS.
Burma; Shan Hills, at Fort Stedman, Collet 682! Myingyan,
Prazer! Indine, King’s Collector !
Branches pedicels and leaves especially on the underside at first densely clothed
with dark-brown tomentum. Leaves 4 in. long, leaflets usually 5, 1°5 in. long, *75
in. wide, firm, dull beneath, stipules small deciduous. Panicle about as long as —
leaves, branches densely brown-pubescent spreading, each 3—-4-fld., pedicels °25 in.
Calyx + in., lower tooth little exceeding the rest. Corolla twice the calyx. Pod
2°5-4 in. long, °8 in. wide, very like that of D. lanceolaria.
A very distinct species compared by Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley with D.
Collettii, but differing from that species in its larger flowers with 2-adelphous stamens
and its rather larger and broader pods, also in its fewer leaflets with rusty-grey
pubescence. :
24. DAaLBERGIA CANA Girah,
This is described as a climber in the F. B. I. Mr. Kurz, who collected specimens
that agree absolutely with Wall. Cat. 5859, has pointed out that it isa tree. The
native name, Mr. Kurz notes on his specimens, is Town-kassoh. The specimen of
Wall. Cat. 5869 (which ought to be D. purpurea) that is preserved in Herb. Calcutta
belongs to this species.
246. Datpercta Korzi Prain; a tree; leaflets 15-19 abruptly
bluntly acuminate, flowers in long axillary panicles with corymbose
branchlets, pedicels ebracteate as long as the calyx, calyx-teeth shorter
than the tube, pod flat firm oblong-oblanceolate, tapering to a pubes-
cent stalk, elsewhere glabrous, brown, thickened and obscurely veined
opposite the seed. D. purpurea Kurz, Journ As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2. 279
(eacl. cit, Wall. Cat. 5869); For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 344, not of Wall.
Burma; Pegu, Aaclelland (n. 8 in Herb. Ind, Or. H. f. & T.)!
Brandis 1170! Kurz 1780! 1783! 2603! 2608! Kalay Hills, Prazer !
Shan Hills, Alpin !
Branches, leaf-rachises and leaves beneath glabrous. Leaves 9-18 in. long,
leaflets rigidly subcoriaceous 2-4 in. long, tapering to base, obovate abruptly bluntly
acuminate rarely obtuse at tip, veinlets rather raised on lower surfaces. Panicles
sparse appearing before the leaves, the branches finely brown-silky. Calyx purple,
minutely puberulous, teeth lanceolate-deltoid. Corolla twice the calyx, white or
pale-rose. Pod 3-3°5 in. long, 1°25 in. wide.
This plant is the Thit-poh of the Burmese, the Dalbergia purpurea of all Mr.
Kurz’s writings. From the description it will be particularly obvious that it is not
at all nearly related to D. lanceolaria and therefore cannot be the D. purpurea
1897.] D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. 451
described by Mr. Bentham. The origin of the discrepancy lies in the Wallichian
mixture of specimens referred to under D. purpwrea,—the sheets examined by Mr.
Bentham and Mr. Baker exhibiting a plant nearly related to D. lanceolaria, whereas
the one examined by Mr. Kurz is D. cana, a species with flowers so like those of D.
Kurzii that they are only to be distinguished by their purple instead of white petals.
The writer was at first inclined to think indeed that D. Kurzii was ne more than a
variety of D. cana, the differences of foliage and especially of fruit appear however
te be quite constant. Mr. Kurz seems to have been quite aware, as a reference
to his note in J. A. S. B. xlv. 2. 279 shows, that Dr. Wallich had here two plants
under one number, since he quotes Mr. Bentham’s reference to D. purpurea, ‘in part’
only. But obviously, as Mr. Bentham had access to the type specimen of 5869,
while Mr. Kurz had no more than a distributed one before him, it was te the plant
described by Mr. Bentham and not to his own quite different one that Mr. Kurz
should have confined the name D. purpurea. But Mr. Kurz had already obscured
the issue by identifying the real D. purpurea with D. paniculata, an identification
which led him further into giving asdescription of the true D. paniculata under
the name D. * ‘grescens. i
25, DaperGia stipuLacka Road.
Mr. Baker describes this as ‘scandent,’ Dr. Roxburgh says it is ‘ shrubby.’
Both descriptions are accurate ; in open land or along streams it is a shrub or small
bushy tree reaching 20 feet or more in height. In the interior of forests it is a fairly
strong climber.
956. Datpercia Watt Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 17. t. 5; a
spreading tree; leaflets 9-1], glabrescent lanceolate-acute, flowers in
small axillary panicles with racemose branches, pedicels longer than the
calyx with conspicuous persistent bracts and bracteoles, calyx-teeth
shorter than the tube, pod glabrous short-stalked veined opposite the
seed. Amerimnum Wattii Prawn MSS.
Manirur; Meitaphum, 5000 feet, Watt 6830! Mayung, 3500 feet,
Clarke 42034!
; Branches glabrous. Leaflets subopposite 2°5-3 in. long, slightly pilose beneath.
Calyx puberulous 3 in. Corolla twice as long as calyx, standard orbicular emarginate.
Pod 2°25 in. long, “75 in. wide, 1-seeded.
A very distinct species closely related to D. stipulacea but without the marked
thickening of pod opposite the seed and with very acute leaflets that are almost
opposite.
25c. Darsercta Ottvert Gamble MSS.; a tree; leaflets 10-15,
oblong-obtuse emarginate (acute when young) glabrous, flowers im
copious spreading terminal panicles with racemose pubescent branches,
pedicels about as long as calyx with conspicuous bracts and ultimately
deciduous bracteoles, calyx-teeth short, the two uppermost rounded, the
rest acute, the lowest longest, all glabrous except the ciliate edges, pod
1-2-seeded narrowed at base into a slender stalk, acute at tip, promi-
nently veined and thickened opposite the seed. Amerimuum Oliveri
Gamble MSS.
J. ou. 57
452 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
Upper Burma; Wuntho and Bhamo, J. W. Oliver !
Branches glabrous ; leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets 1-1°5 in. long, ‘5 in. wide. Calyx
3 in. Corolla 3-4 times as long as calyx, standard orbicular, ‘2 in. broad, wings as
long as standard, keel much shorter. Stamens in 2 bundles of 5 each. Ovary falcate,
pubescent below, ending in a curved style. Pod 3-4 in. long, ‘9-1'2 in broad.
This is the Tamalan, a handsome tree with fine dark-red wood used for
axe-handles, etc. The description is from a manuscript note by Mr. Gamble, accom-
panying specimens of the tree sent by him to Herb. Calcutta from the Imperial
Forest School at Dehra Dun.
25d. DacperciA Prazert Prain; a tree; leaflets 15-17 obtuse,
puberulous beneath, flowers in sparse axillary panicles, pedicels longer
than the calyx, pod thin glabrous 1-3-seeded not much thickened
opposite the seed. |
Burma; Koni, Prazer !
Branches glabrous. Leaf-rachis, 6-8 in., leaflets moderately firm obtuse, 1-1°5
in. long, glabrous above, sparsely rusty-pubescent beneath and glaucescent. Panicles
much shorter than the leaves with only a few lax branches, bracteoles, if any, deci-
duous. Calyx densely pubescent, lowest tooth linear exceeding the others. Corolla
unknown. Pod thin, ovate-acute, 2-4 in. long, ‘75 in. wide, gradually narrowed into
a Stalk much longer than calyx.
Evidently exceedingly closely related to D. stipulacea from which, except for the
sparse pubescence on the leaves beneath and the hirsute calyx it is hardly distin-
guishable in flower; the pods, however, are totally unlike and this renders the
separation of the two forms absolutely necessary.
26. Dapereia Torta Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5879.
Add to localities of F. B, [.: —Brencat; Sundribans, very common,
Clarke! Heinig !
This, being a much older name than the name D. monosperma Dalz., must be
employed for the species.
Mr. Baker has defined § Selenolobiwm as having stamens in two bundles of 5 each
thus implying that this is the case here. In D. torta, however, the stamens are, as
Mr. Bentham has already described them, always monadelphous.
(29. Datperera stenocarPa Kurz. |
This is only D. hircina Ham., and must be deleted.
30. DALBERGIA PARVIFLORA Rowb. Hort. Beng. 98; scandent,
leaflets glabrous 5-9, ovate-lanceolate with obtuse slightly emarginate
tips, flowers very small in axillary and terminal panicles with corym-
bose branches, pedicels very short, pod turgid when young falcate along
upper, when ripe convex along both sutures if l-seeded, and if more than
l-seeded torulose between the seeds. Flor. Ind. iii. 225; Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 132; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33 ; Prain, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.121. D. Cumingiana Benth. Pl. Jungh. 225; Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 32; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 129. D. Zollingeriana
Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 180. Drepanocarpus Cuming Kurz, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, 282.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 453
AnpamMans; Helfer 1808! Drinpinas; Curtis! Panana; Ridley !
PeRr4k; very common. Drisrris. Malay Islands.
Stem 30-80 feet long, branches glabrous. Leaflets 2-3°5 in. long, °75-1'5. in.
wide. Calyx 5 in. campanulate, teeth obtuse, upper two connate, lower three sub-
equal as long as tube. Corolla white 3 in. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 10,
monadelphous. Pod ‘75-2 in. long, ‘6 in. wide.
This is one at least of the plants yielding the Kayu-lakka of commerce.
| 31. DaLBERGIA MENOEIDES Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 120;
scandent, spineless, leaflets three, acute large, pod flat.
Matay Peninsuta; Perak, Scortechini 1392!
A wide-twining shrub with twisting black branches. Leaflets usually 3, ovate-
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, dark-green and glabrous above, sparsely adpressed-
puberulous beneath, 3-3°5 in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide. Flowers very few sessile, clustered
at the tips of short puberulous axillary peduncles. Calyx 3 in. campanulate, teeth
short subequal obtuse. Corolla more than twice as long as calyx. Stamens 10,
monadelphous. Pod greenish semilunar flat glabrous firm, reticulated throughout,
upper suture recurved; 1°5 in. long, ‘75 in. wide, 1-seeded ; tip acute stalk rather
longer than calyx.
A very distinct species.
32. Datserora Kunstiert Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 121;
scandent, spineless, leaflets 7-9 acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, pod
turgid.
- Matay Peninsuta; Perak, Kunstler !
An extensive climber 40-150 feet long, with puberulous branches. Leaflets dark-
green above, dull-grey and when young densely pubescent beneath, elliptic-acuminate,
4-6 in. long, 2 in. wide, with very prominent midrib and secondary veins beneath.
Flowers in axillary panicles, 4-6 in. long, with puberulous branches. Calyx } in., teeth
longer than tube. Corolla } in., blue; standard orbicular. Pod finely puberulous, rigid,
much thickened throughout, 1—-2-seeded, 1°5-2°5 in. long, ‘9 in. wide, ‘3 in. thick,
short-stalked, dark-brown, almost black when ripe but with grey lines along the
sutures due to rupture of the epicarp.
A fine species very nearly related to D. reniformis, of which it has much the
pods. These are, however, larger and thicker as also are the leaflets. The pod is quite
indehiscent, but as it ripens the skin cracks along both sutures and a “grey seam ”
(to which Kunstler alludes in his field-note) is produced by the exposure of the
suberous mesocarp along two lines parallel to each suture. Sometimes the pod
consists of but one reniform segment; usually there are two, but the seed in the
distal segment rarely matures and the epicarp consequently not giving way, there
are usually no “ seams” along the sutures of that segment.
87. PTEROCARPUS Linn.
1, Prerocarpus 1npicus Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 904.
Delete from the synonyms of F. B. I.:—P. dalbergioides Roxb. Flor.
Ind. iii. 236; also, P. Wallichii W. & A. Prodr. 267; also P. indicus
Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 23.
-- A very strange error has found its way into some of our most authoritative works
454 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
on Indian vegetation in the statement that P. indicus, even in the sense that makes
the species include P. dalbergiovdes, is a native of India. Wight and Arnott, extremely
careful and accurate authors, who have not confounded P. indicus with P. dalber-
gioides, are at pains, m describing P. dalbergioides, to say of it “ Our specimens are
from the Madras Herbarium and were perhaps from the. Missionaries’ garden.”
And Col. Beddome in figuring P. dalbergioides, which he does under the belief
that he is figuring P. indicus, says of it “a very handsome tree said to be indi-
genous in Southern India, but I have never met with it wild.” Even as a cultivated
tree, P. indicus proper is so rare in India as to be practically unknown. When it is
planted it goes as a rule under the name P. sazatitis, and is not usually supposed, even
by botanists, to be the same as P. dalbergioides which has appropriated the name
P. indicus though it has no special claim to it. The only distributed “ Indian” ex-
amples of true P. indicus (except those grown in the Caleutta garden), that the
writer has seen, are from the herbarium of K. S. Naidoo, who was formerly in.
Dr. Wight’s service, and from Dr. Wight’s own Herbarium (K. D. 809) ; curiously,
Naidoo has labelled his specimens “ Andaman red-wood tree” which is precisely
what P. indicus is not. The diagnosis between the two trees so often con-
founded is as follows :—
Leaflets finely-veined throughout, pedicels longer than the calyx,
beak of pod distinctly raised above the outer base... ... P. indicus.
Leaflets with 5-7 pairs of distinctly raised veins beneath, pedicels
shorter than the calyx, beak of pod not raised above the outer
base ... Be aE, ae me ... P. dalbergioides.
The distribution of P. indicus, as shown by specimens of the plant
preserved in Herb. Calcutta is as follows :—
Tenassert™ ; Moulmein, Falconer! Brandis! Amherst, Falconer!
Tavoy, King’s Collector! Mataya; Penang, Wallich, 5843 G. (erroneously
named P. dalbergioides)! Malacea, Griffith! Maingay 550! Perak,
Kunstler 1513! 8713! Scortechint 503! Wray 2003! 2280! Sumatra,
Teysmann ! Java, Horsfield ! Koorders and Valeton !
There are also specimens, from planted examples only, from Rangoon,
but the tree seems as thoroughly a stranger in Burma, north of Martaban,
as it is im India. Mr. Kurz does indeed say that it is ‘ very rare along .
the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah;” neither he, nor any one else,
has ever communicated any specimens from there.
Some vague opinions have been held regarding this tree, as to points other
than its geographical distribution. Thus it has been usual to say that Pterocarpus
fiavus Lour.-is probably the same species. It is exceedingly difficult to understand
why, for when one consults Loureiro one finds that he bases his species on a
picture given by Rumphius of the Kayu Malapari of the Malays, the fruit of which
Rumphius does not figure, and on another tree of which Loureiro knew the fruit but
did not know the flowers. Moreover the description that Rumphius gives of the
fruit of his tree does not even remotely agree with the description given by
Loureiro. When one takes the trouble to look at Rumphius’ figure and to read his
description, one finds that his Malaparius has opposite leaflets and a wingless pod,
sod learns in fact that Rumphius’ account of Malaparius is an excellent and un-
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 455
mistakable description of Pongamia glabra, one of the most familiar of trees to those
who have collected on the coasts of Burma, the Andamans, or Malaya. Pterocarpus
obtusatus Miq. has no foundation; it can be manufactured if one is careful to collect
only the leaves toward the bases of branches; and P. Zollingeri Miq. is only P. indicus
with its fruits collected at a particular stage of their development.
P. Wallichii W. & A., reduced to P. indicus by Mr. Bentham and also by Mr.
Baker, is based on Wall. Cat. 5843D. which is not represented at Calcutta. There is
at Calcutta, however, an example of P. Wallichii, named by Dr. Wight himself, collected
in Western India by Stocks. This plant isnot P. indicus at all, but comes nearer that
variety of P. Marsuwpium (with less obtuse leaves and a broader pod) approaching
P. indicus, which is mentioned by Mr. Bentham in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 77.
P. dalbergioides Roxb. (the Andaman red-wood) is strictly confined, in a wild
state, to the Andaman Group. It is now, however, frequently planted in India.
2. PTEROCARPUS MACROCARPUS Kurz.
It must be by a mere lapsus calami that Mr. Kurz has stated in his Forest Flora
that this is frequent in Martaban and Tenasserim, for neither he nor any other
botanist has reported it from Tenasserim, and he has himself only once collected
the species in Martaban. The tree is very widely distributed in Burma, where
it is known as Padouwk, a name that has however been applied in Tenasserim to P.
indicus also, and by Burmese convicts at Port Blair to the Andaman Red-wood
(P. dalbergioides) as well. The localities, as shown by specimens in Herb. Calcutta,
are as follows :—
MartTaBan; Kurz! Prau; Tonkyeghat, Kurz! Eyre! Brandis! Sir D.
Brandis’ specimens has been named P. imdicus by Mr. Kurz and form the basis of
his remark (For. Flora Brit. Burm. i. 349) that P. indicus occurs in Pegu). Upprr
Burma; Karen Hills, Brandis 1159! Shan Hills, King’s Collectors! at Kyoukse,
Kyoukmyoung and elsewhere, common, King’s Collectors! Chin Hills, King’s
Collectors !
4, Prerocarpus Marsurium Rob.
Var. typica, leaflets oblong-obtuse. P.Marsupium Rozb. Cor. Pl.
ii. t. 116.
~ Sournern Inpia and Ceyron.
Var. acuminata; leaflets ovate cuspidate-acuminate, pods much
larger than in type. P. Wallichii W. & A. Prodr. 267 ?
Beuar; Rajmahal Hills near Sahibganj, Kurz! Deccan ; Naudoshi,
Tilak! Rasevtana; Abu, Stocks n. 237! Concan; Gujeh jungles,
Ritchie ! Canara, Yellapur, Talbot !
The flowers of this variety are not distinguishable from those of P. Marsupium,
the pod however is somewhat different and most probably the plant is quite worthy
of specific rank. It is often issued from herbaria as P. indicu® which it does not,
either as to the flowers, fruit, or texture of leaves, in the least resemble. Without
having an opportunity of examining Wall. Cat. 5848D, on which “ P. Wallichii ”
is based, the writer cannot venture to say if Stocks’ plant, so named by Wight, be
the same. For this reason the name “acuminata” rather than the name
“ Wallichit”” has, for the present, been given to the variety.
_ Pterocarpus floribundus Wall. Cat. 5846, a species to which neither Mr. Bentham
nor Mr. Baker allude, is a Derris (§ Aganope).
4.56 D, Prain— Some additional Legurmindae, [ No. 2,
88. PONGAMIA Vent,
PoNGAMIA GLABRA Vent.
Var. typica ; leaflets usually 5, occasionally 7, oblong or ovate
2°5-3°5 in. wide, quite glabrous beneath ; racemes always solitary sie
pedicels ‘35 in. long, their bracteoles only subopposed and Heres
slightly above the middle. (Synonyms as in F. B. I. with in addition
P, grandifolia Zoll, §& Mor. Syst. Verzeich. 3; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 147.
P. mitis Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. AdKL- Bunish Herb. Amboin.
iii. t. 117.— Lamk. Ill. t. 603 (Pungamia).
Sea-coasts; Banks of Tidal rivers and mangrove swamps on all
the coasts : only occurs inland as a planted species.
Var. xerocarpa; leaflets 7-9, very rarely 5, lanceolate, 11:35 in.
wide, usually sparingly puberulous on the midrib and main-nerves
beneath, racemes occasionally 2-3 in. an axil, sometimes sparingly
branched, pedicels *25 in. long the bracteoles opposed and placed close
under calyx. PP. xerocarpa Hassk. Retz., ed. nov., 208.
Cryton; Thwaites 1489! Panane; Ridley ! Kevan; Kunstler !
Perak ; Kunstler! Matacca; Derry! Distrin.; Java.
This well known littoral species is the Pangam of the Tamils, the Karanj of
Hindustan, the Thin-win of the Burmese, the Malapari of the Malays.
It never climbs and only occurs inland as a planted tree on roadsides or in village
groves ; ; its timber is in use for making oil-mills in Northern India, solid cart- wheels
in Southern India. The seeds yield the well-known “ Karanj-oil,” which is burned
and is also used in skin complaints.
The typical variety occurs in two rather distinct forms that pass into each other,
however, by all sorts of intermediates. These are :— 1, a form with medium-sized
leaflets and flowers (the original P. glabra) found everywhere; and 2, a form with
decidedly larger leaflets and flowers (P. grandifolia Zoll. & Mor.) that, beginning in
Chittagong, passes southwards through Arracan, the Andamans, the Nicobars, and
Sumatra to Java, being evidently the most usual form along the whole line of dis-
tribution indicated ; it nevertheless seems neither to extend westward to the Sundri-
buns and India, nor eastwards to Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula.
The plant here treated as VAR. xerocarpa was treated as a species by Hasskarl ;
an authentic example of his plant is preserved in Herb. Calcutta. The diagnosis
now given shows that the characters which separate it from the type are individually
trivial; yet it is, in general appearance, so unlike the type that there is some diffi-
culty at first in believing them to be conspecfic. On the other hand, this particular
variety so closely resembles a species described as Millettia decipiens by the writer,
and another described as Pongamia dehiscens (which is however also a Millettia) by
Koorders and Valeton, that when no more than flowers are available it requires a
careful examination of the ovary, (4-5-ovuled in the Millettias, only 2-ovuled in the
Pongamia) to ensure accurate diagnosis. The fruits of the Pongamia are, however,
exceedingly unlike the pods of the Mullettias.
The name of this genus has been much debated. ‘The question has been
whether the name Pongam, proposed in 1763 by Adanson, modified by Lamarck in
1797 into Pungamia, and finally corrected by Ventenat in 1803 into Pongamia, is or is
_1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 457
not to be employed instead of the name Galedupa, used by Lamarck in 1786, and
though spontaneously abandoned by that author in 1797, readopted by Roxburgh in
1814. re
The name Galedupa, if we quibble over refinements of spelling, does indeed
antedate the name Pongamia by 17 years and so cautious an authority as Taubert in
the Natiurlichen Pflanzenfamilien has recently followed Roxburgh’s usage and re-
adopted Lamarck’s earlier name, thus abandoning the name familiarised by the usage
of authorities like De Candolle, Bentham, Hooker, Wight, Kurz, Baillon and a host
of others.
The usage readopted by Taubert appears to the writer to be highly inadvi-
sable (1.) because the more familiar name (in the form Pongam at all events) long
antedates the name Galedupa; and (2.) because the use of the name Galedwpa at all
was based on the identification of Caju Galedupa Rumphius (Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 18)
with Pongamia glabra. This is so manifestly an impossible identification that one
marvels at its ever having been suggested; Caju Galeduwpa, which is a Sindora, is
figured as having equally-pinnate leaves, dehiscent pods, and an arillate funiculus,
whereas in Pongamia glabra the leaves are unequally pinnate, the pods indehiscent,
the seeds not arillate and with a small hilum. Moreover Rumphius knew and
figured (Herb. Amboin iii. t. 117) Pongamia glabra itself, under its Malay name
Malapari. That Lamarck had detected his mistake before it was formally pointed
out in 1803 by Ventenat, is abundantly clear from his having in 1797 (Illustr. t. 603)
substituted the name Pungamia for the Encylopedia name Galedupa of 1786.
These being the facts of the case it disconcerts one to find that Kuntze
desires to deliberately revert to Lamarck’s error ; not only so, he proposes to employ
a modified form of Rumphius’ term Caju (m),—which is precisely the synonym that
cannot possibly belong to the plant described by Lamarck—as the name of the plant
to which Lamarck’s definition applies. Perversity in bibliography could scarcely
exceed this; nor perhaps could perversity in mere nomenclature. The Latin word
Arbor is, it has been tacitly admitted, tabued as a generic name; it seems hardly fair
that, even under the wegis of Kuntze’s authority, its Malay equivalent,—erroneously
transliterated, it is true—should be permitted to assert itself.
The Malaparius of the Herb. Ambow. was referred by Loureiro, in opposition
_altogether to Rumphius’ description of the ‘pod, and in spite of his having figured the
leaflets as opposite, to the genus Pterocarpus. Miquel (Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1082 addend.)
was the first to remove it from Pterocarpus ; Miquel gave it generic rank, associat-
ing with it a plant collected by Teysmann in Sumatra; this plant is unfortunately
not represented in Herb. Calcutta. In the Genera Plantarwm (i. 465) the possibility
is suggested that Rumphius’ and Teysmann’s plant may be specifically distinct ;
there is, however, nothing in Miquel’s brief descfiption to favour this suggestion ;
on the contrary it seems clear that the ‘ Malapari’ collected by Teysmann in Sumatra
is Pongamia glabra just as the ‘ Malapari’ described by Rumphius from Amboina and
the ‘ Malapari’ recently collected by Derry in Malacca both most certainly belong
to it. It is, however, to be noted that while Rumphius’ figure clearly indicates the
typical plant, Derry’s plant belongs to VAR. werocarpa as, from the description
of the pubescent petiolules, evidently does Teysmann’s.
89. DERRIS Lovr.
[The name Derris was Me ae in 1790 for a genus that had already in 1775
been named Deguelia. |
458 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
1. Derris scanpENs Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—ANpDAMANs ; very common. Nicopars;
frequent. . |
3. Dereis ropusta Benth. |
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—Currracone; very common. Prov;
Kurz! Brandis! Distris. South-West Yunnan (J. Anderson !) .
This is the well-known “ Korat” of Assam and Silhet. Mr. Ellis gives the
name “ Junguria”’ as used in Chittagong, and Mr. Kurz notes the Burmese name ag
* Tepu-kan.”
4. DERRIS DALBERGIOIDES Bak.
This tree is also very plentiful in Perak. In Malacca it has, according to Mr.
Derry, two local names, “ Assam hutan” and Poké Pétei bilalang.”
5. DERRIS ULIGINOSA Benth,
As Cat. n. 5879 this was distributed by Dr. Wallich under the name Pongamia
uliginosa. Under one of the letters, however, (Cat. n. 5879 E.) he issued a very
different plant which in Pl. Junghuhn. 252 (adnot.) Mr. Bentham treated as the
type of a distinct species (D. afinis Bth.) ; this plant, at a later date, Mr. Bentham
identified with D. trifoliata Lour. and reduced to D. uliginosa as a variety (Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Swppl. 108). The acceptance of the latter view should obviously have
involved the substitution of the name D. trifoliata Lour., which dates from 1790, for
the name Derris wliginosa Bth. which is based on Robinia uliginosa Roxb. (in Willd.
Sp. Pl. iii. 1185) dating only from 1800. Fortunately, however, the rule was in this
case neglected.
The statement that the pod of D. wliginosa may be 2-seeded is not borne out by
specimens reported to Calcutta. The writer has examined 137 fruiting herbarium
specimens as well as numberless living plants, and has never found a pod of D.
uliginosa with more than one seed. He has seen specimens from the Khasia Hills,
named D. uliginosa, that have 2-seeded pods, but these have always been specimens
of another species. The present species is a purely littoral one, met: with, as
Roxburgh says, “on wet banks of rivers, nullas, etc.” (he might have added
tidal rivers for it never occurs away from the influence of the tide), or as Wight and
Arnott remark in “swampy places near the sea.” For Mr. Bentham’s statement
that it extends “ over the plains of Central India, to Khasiya” and for Mr. Baker’s
“ Eastern Himalaya ” locality there is no foundation.
That Derris trifoliata Lour. cannot possibly be any form of D. uliginosa is quite
clear from Loureiro’s description ; D. trifoliata has 2-3-seeded pods and white flowers,
whereas D. uliginosa has only 1-seeded pods and has pink flowers. Besides, the
racemes of D. trifoliata are described as “long” which is precisely what those of D.
uliginosa are not. M. De Candolle, too, who saw Loureiro’s specimens (see Prodr. ii.
415) did not identify them with Roxburgh’s plant which he also had seen (see Prodr.
ii. 416).
Whatever the relationship of D. trifoliata and D. uliginosa may be, it is absolutely
certain that Wall. Cat. 5879 E. does not belong to D. uliginosa ; its long panicles with
smaller flowers and its more numerous prominent lateral nerves that run to the
edge of the blade make it very different from D. uliginosa, the leaves of which have
faint lateral nerves, hardly stronger than the secondary venation, that loop at their
ends some way within the margin. |
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 459
6. Derris vestita Bak.
7. DerrRis ELEGANS Benth.
The large suites of Malayan specimens collected by Kunstler, large suites from
the Andamans sent by Man, and large suites of Tenasserim specimens collected by
Falconer and more recently by Proudlock, make it necessary to treat D. vestita as
only a form of D. elegans.
Both D. vestita and D. elegans are reported in every case as having ‘ white ’
flowers. Father Scortechini was of opinion that his specimens must belong to a
distinct species since, though they otherwise agreed with the F. B. I. description of
D. vestita, they had differently coloured flowers.
The typical form of the species occurs in Perak and in Sumatra as well as in
Martaban and Tenasserim. An unnamed sheet of Dr. Wallich’s, (Wall. Cat. 7540)
from Moulmein, belongs to the species. The form named D. vestita by Mr. Baker
occurs in Perak as well as in Malacca and has been collected in Tenasserim, at
Moulmein, both by Dr. Falconer and by Mr. Kurz.
10. Derris cuneirouia Benth.
This extends to Chittagong and Burma; the form, however, which occurs in
Malaya, though united to the type by Mr. Baker, was distinguished by Mr. Bentham
as a variety “ malaccensis.” Since Mr. Baker’s account of the genus appeared, large
suites, including many specimens with ripe fruit, have been sent from Perak ; these
show that it is better to separate the Malayan plant as a species. Incidentally too
these suites of specimens seem to indicate that Derris discolor Bth. is only D. cunei-
folia with ripe fruit ; the writer has not, however, yet seen this directly demonstra-
ted by suites of specimens from Sikkim or Silhet, where Derris discolor was found.
Amerimnum obovatum Ham. which is the basis of Pongamia obovata Grah., as repre-
sented in Herb. Calcutta, belongs to this species.
10b. Derris mataccensis Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 107;
leaflets 5-7, rather large, elliptic, abruptly long-acuminate, subcoria-
ceous, racemes shorter than the leaves, standard glabrous, pod winged
or wingless when ripe. Deguelia malaccensis Prain MSS.
Var. typica; pod distinctly winged, (as in a true Derris) along one
or both sutures. Derris cuneifolia Bih. var. malaccensis Bth. Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 112.
TpnassERtIM; Moulmein, Falconer! Perak; Scortechini 110! Kuns-
tler 4028! 4149! 4504! 8551! Penane; Curtis 2735! Manacca; Griffith !
Singapore; Ridley! Distris. Borneo.
Var. ? aptera ; pod quite wingless when ripe (as in Pongamia).
Matacca; Maingay, 613! Perak; Kunstler, 4518! 6428! There are
also specimens from Perak (Kunstler 3190! Wray 2025 !) almost exactly
intermediate, as to fruit, between typical D. malaccensis and the variety
aptera. |
Var. ? millettiodes ; pod as in VAR. ? aptera, but dehiscing when ripe
(as in Millettia). Perak; Kunstler 10696!
A climber 40-60 feet long, leaflets in all respects like those of D. cuneifolia
except in their larger size and their long caudate-acuminate tips. Flowers as in D.
oe 18/58
460 D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
cuneifolia but pale yellowish-pink and larger (‘65 in. long); ovules 4 (rarely
5). Pod larger; in the typical form distinctly winged down both sutures, in both
varieties wingless. Possibly both varieties may prove specifically distinct.
The species seems intermediate between D. cwneifolia which has 2 (rarely 3)
ovules, and D. montana Bth. from Java which has “ about 8 ovules,” and has leaves
like those of D. malaccensis. .
1]. Derris microprera Benth,
This is described by Mr. Bentham and accepted ‘by Mr. Baker as having a 2-
callose standard. In Herb. Calcutta all the specimens with a 2-callose standard are
easily referable to D. cuneifolia, whereas all those that agree with fruiting speci-
mens of D. microptera have the standard ecallose. But the fruits of D. microptera
are decidedly dehiscent, so that the species might be placed in Millettia to which
genus indeed Mr. Gamble, Dr. King and Mr. Clarke have in the field referred speci-
mens of the plant collected by themselves.
The species extends from Sikkim to the Khasia Hills where it has been collect-
ed by Griffith, by Oldham and by Clarke. The most marked feature of the species
is its horse-shoe shaped seeds.
12. Derris eLtiptica Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Curirracone ; King’s Collector !
To this species belong the Malayan specimens of “ Millettia pachycarpa” men-
tioned in F. B. I. ii. 106. It is not the only Derris with silky petals, Derris eualata
Bedd. shows the same character though it does not have it so well marked.
13b. DeErris ANDAMANICA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 104;
leaflets 7-9, oblong, rather large, acute, racemes copiously panicled,
with pubescent branches, pedicels twice as long as the calyx, corolla
large, pod finely permanently silky, wings along both sutures subequal.
ANnDAMANS; Coco Group, Prain! §. Andaman, King’s Collectors !
Nicopars ; King’s Collectors !
A large creeper, with pale golden-brown-silky branches. Leaflets subcoriaceous
glabrous, 4-6 in. long, 2-38 in. wide, veinlets distinct. Flowers in axillary panicles
6-18 in. long, pedicels ‘3 in. long, fascicled or in racemes on produced nodes. Calyx
finely golden-brown-silky ‘15 in. Corolla white, °6 in. long, standard not callose.
Pod ligulate thin, 3-4 in. long by 1 in. wide, 2-3-seeded, each wing °12 in. wide.
Nearest D. ewalata but very distinct by its glabrous petals and its silky pod.
14. Derris rvatata Bedd.
A species of this genus issued as Dalbergia sp. by Dr. Wallich (Cat. 5977) but
not accounted for by Mr. Bentham or in the F. B. I. is the same as a plant
collected by Col. Beddome at Nediwattam in 1881, and at the same place by Mr.
Gamble in 1889; the same plant was also collected by Col. Beddome in the Tini-
velly hills. The plant agrees well with Col. Beddome’s and Mr. Baker’s descriptions
but it has silky petals; it may be this species, at all events it is none of the others
described in the F. B. I.
15. Derris Heyneana Benth.
The limits of this species stand in need of definition. It is based on Wall. Cat.
5916 which is, unfortunately, not represented in the Calcutta collection.
1897. ] ~D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 461
Mr. Bentham identified with Wall. Cat. 5916 the plant issued as D. paniculata
Wight (Herb. 920) and separated two varieties “8. parviflora” and “vy? brevipes.”
Mr. Baker has ascertained, however, that “y? brevipes” is specifically distinct, and
as regards the other two he reverses Mr. Bentham’s judgment. He says that Wall.
Cat. 5916 is not the same as Wight n. 920. which he makes a variety, while he gives
the Concan plant, (Bentham’s var. 8B. parviflora) as the equivalent of the type speci-
men. The point is of considerable importance because the two are very distinct; the
Concan plant has a silky keel, the D. paniculata of Wight has all the petals glabrous ;
the two must be recognised as different species. What makes it most difficult to
deal with the question in that Wight n. 920 is described by Mr. Baker as having
considerably smaller leaflets than Wall. Cat. 5916. Its leaflets are, however, in
reality much longer than those of the Concan plant referred to, or than those of the
apparently closely related D. eualata. There is at Calcutta a specimen named
“D. Heyneana var. brevipes” (Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. n. 10) but it is exactly the
same as the D. Heyneana of Dalzell and Gibson’s Bombay Flora of which there is
an authentic specimen at Calcutta—in any case it cannot be D. brevipes Baker
because its pedicels exceed the calyx and its pods are quite glabrous. Members of
the Society who live in Southern and Western India should endeavour to remove the
difficulties that are connected with the differentiation of the species of this group.
16. Derris mMareinata Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Cuirtacone; Helingomara and
Demagiri, Inster! Peau; Brandis!
16b. Derris arrinis Benth. Pl. Jungh. 252; leaflets 5, medium,
firmly papery, ovate-acute, racemes laxly panicled, with sparsely ad-
pressed-puberulous branches, corolla small. Derris uliginosa var.
Loureirii Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. Suppl. 108, in part. Pongamia
uliginosa Wall. Cat. 5879 (KE only) not of DC.
Penance; Wallich !
A climber with pale-brown lenticular glabrous branches. Leaves 6 in. long,
leaflets 2°5 in. long, 1°25 in. wide, lateral nerves 10 pairs prominent spreading, run-
ning almost to margin of leaf-blade. Racemes 6-8 in. long, their branches 2’5 in.,
spreading, nodes not produced. Pedicels filiform, ‘2 in. long, bibracteolate close under
the calyx. Calyx campanulate, ‘12 in. long, subglabrous. Corolla ‘35 in. long, stand-
ard orbicular ecallose. Ovary sparsely hairy; ovules 4.
This is evidently very near to D. marginata and D. amoena; from the former it
differs in having shorter pedicels bracteolate at their tips and in having more numer-
ous prominent nerves to the leaves; from the latter it differs in having thinner
pale leaves, and laxer panicles with spreading branches and more scattered flowers.
16c. Derrris FLORIBUNDA Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 105;
leaflets 3-5, medium, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, racemes laxly panicled,
with sparsely spreading puberulous pedicels, corolla small. Brachy-
pterum floribundum Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 139.
Perak; Scortechint 2180! Distris. Java.
A. stout rambling shrub with glabrous whitish branches. Leaves pale-green, 4—5
in. long, leaflets 2-2°5 in. long, 1-1°25 in. wide, with rounded base and obtusely acu-
minate apex, lateral nerves 4 pairs, faint below, invisible above. Racemes 1-1 feet
462 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
long, branches 4-6 in., spreading, pedicels “4 in. 2-bracteolate close under the calyx.
Calyx campanulate, purple-brown, *12 in. long. Corolla white, standard orbicular ecal-
lose, with a green spot at the top of the claw. Ovary sparsely puberulous ; ovules 4.
This may, as Prof. Miquel thought, be a Brachypterwm ; it seems, however, on
the whole to be more nearly allied to D. affinis, D. amoena and D. marginata, the two
last of which are certainly members of the section Dipteroderris. Unfortunately the
pod is still unknown.
19. Derris Maincayana Bak.
In consequence of the communication of intermediate forms it seems advisable
to treat this as only a variety of D. amoena.
21, Derris CANARENSIS Bak.
The authentic specimens of Brachypterum canarense at Calcutta cannot be
separated by the writer from the Concan specimens collected by Stocks and included
by Mr. Bentham in D. oblonga Bth. The fruits of the Concan and the Ceylon plants
placed under D. oblonga may differ ; unfortunately our Calcutta specimens of D. oblonga
from Ceylon are in flower only.
22. DeErris sinuata Thw.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Burncat; Sundribuns, very common.
Perak ; Kunstler! Scortechini ! |
23. Derris THYRSIFLORA Benth.
Delete from localities of F. B. I.:—“ Eastern Himataya and the
Kuasia Mrs.”
The species has never been reported to Herb. Calcutta from any locality north
of Kedah on the mainland ; it is found also in the Nicobars. Perhaps the Himalayan
plant associated with this one is the next species, which though nearly allied is very
distinct; the only circumstance that makes this conclusion doubtful is that the
Himalayan plant in question is Dr. Wallich’s Pterocarpus floribunda, a species that
neither Mr. Bentham nor Mr. Baker have accounted for, and one that is retained as a
Pterocarpus in the Index Kewensis.
Mr. Baker cites Amerimnum obovatum Ham. MSS. as a synonym of this species.
But the only specimen in Herb. Calcutta which Dr. Buchanan-Hamilton has, in his
own handwriting, named Amerimnum obovatum is a specimen which Prof. Graham has,
also with his own hand, named “ Pongamia ? obovata”; it constitutes Wall. Cat. 5897
and is, as Mr. Baker elsewhere says, only Derris cwneifolia. And Wall. Cat. 9054,
which Mr. Baker likewise quotes as being Derris thyrsiflora, it is better in the mean-
time to omit. The plant so numbered is not represented at Calcutta; at Kew there
are apparently two very distinct plants under the number because Mr. Baker has
referred Wall. Cat. 9054 to Spatholobus acwminatus as well as to Derris thyrsiflora.
23b. Derris Watiicui Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 99;
Jeaflets acute two and half times as long as broad, pedicels as long as or
longer than the calyx, pod broad not sinuate, distinctly winged down
both sutures. Pterocarpus floribundus Wall. Cat. 5846.
Sinner; Wullich 5846! Cacuar; Prazer! Kuasta; Griffith 1770
[Kew Dist.]! Calcutta Collectors! at Mamloo, Clarke 43825! Assam ;
King’s Collectors! AnbaMANS; King’s Collectors !
1897.| D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. _ 463
Very similar to D. thyrsiflora but easily distinguished by the florets with pedi-
cels *2-"3 in. long, instead of subsessile, and by the broader pods, 1°5-4°5 in. long,
1'5 across, with 1-2 seeds.
The Andamans specimens have rather thicker leaves than the Assam ones, and.
in this resemble D. thyrsiflora, but the more numerous nerves to the leaves and the
pedicelled florets and buds readily distinguish the plant. The Griffithian specimens
have - been issued as D. thyrsiflora, those of Mr. Clarke as D. marginata, those of Dr.
Wallich as Pterocarpus floribundus. It has been impossible to employ the specific
name “ floribunda,” however, as there are already both an Aganope floribunda and a
Brachypterum Roribundum in the genus Derris.
DoUBTFUL SPECIES.
DerRRIS ACUMINATA Benth.
_ This includes Wall. Cat. 5886 and Wall. Cat. 5901; the former at Calcutta is
represented by two specimens and their flowers have a callose standard; they are
in fact simply D. cuneifolia Bth. Wall. Cat. 5901 is unrepresented at Calcutta, but
the plant collected by Sir J. D. Hooker in Sikkim is here. It is the same as D.
microptera Bth. or, to be more precise, it is the flowering part of the plant whose
fruits are described by Mr. Bentham as those of D. microptera. What the plant
with 2-callose standard described as D. microptera may be the writer cannot say,
there being no authentic specimen here. But of the two very similar species that
have been reported from Sikkim, that with long cuspidate leaves and with most of its
nodes unproduced never has callosities on the vexillum, the one with its nodes
all produced and with leaflets that are either obtuse or if acute are not cuspidate
always has callosities. In any case the pod of the plant termed Derris microptera is
dehiscent as in Millettia.
Derris secuNDA Bak.
This is based on Wall. Cat. 5890 which unfortunately is not at
Calcutta. Buta plant that exactly agrees with Mr. Baker’s very clear
description has been collected in the following localities :—
. Daruta Hitts; Toruputu, 7400 feet, Lister! Kuasta Hints ; 5-6000
feet, G. Mann, 199! Badgeley ! Burma; Nattoung Mts., Kurz.
To Mr. Baker’s description it may be added that the leaflets are as often 9 as 7
and that in one specimen there are 1l. The pods, collected by Capt. Badgeley, are
thin strap-shaped 3-4 in. long, ‘8 in. wide, distinctly winged down the upper, very
narrowly down the lower suture; seeds 2-3. This, as has already been remarked,
is the plant described by Mr. Kurz as Millettia monticola which thus proves to be a
Derris and must in all probablity take the name Derris secwnda.
Derris POLYSTACHYA Benth.
Add to description of Ff. B. I.:— Pod thin flat lgulate-oblong,
glabrous, flexible, finely veined, 3—4 in. long, 1‘25-1'5 in. wide, the upper
wing ‘25 in. wide, the lower narrower.
Add to localities:— Booran; King’s Collectors ! Sixxim; J. Anders
son! King! Gamble !
The pod is very like that of D. marginata to which it is closely allied, but is not
so pale in colour; this now ceases to be a doubtful species.
464 D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
DERRIS OVALIFOLIA Benth.
.The only 8S. Indian plant in the Calcutta Herbarium that agrees with the figure
given by Wight is that distributed from Wight’s herbarium as n. 834 [K. D.] This
in turn suits very well the description given of D. Wightwi Baker.
Derris DISCOLOR Benth.
This, as has been already mentioned, is almost certainly merely that state of D.
cuneifolia with ripe fruits.
89.* KUNSTLERIA Prary. °
Climbing shrub with unequally pinnately 1-7-foliolate exstipellate
leaves, stipules small deciduous. lowers rather small in ample termi-
nal thyrsoid panicles extending into the axils of the upper leaves,
pedicels solitary, nodes not tumid. Calyx campanulate, teeth lanceolate,
the two upper connate. Corolla distinctly exserted, standard ovate
entire, keel boat-shaped, the petals slightly cohering. Stamens diadel-
phous, the upper one quite free from the other 9 and adnate at base to
standard-claw ; anthers versatile, uniform, on alternately short and long
free filaments. Ovary sessile, few-ovuled, style incurved filiform, stigma
capitate. Pod thin flat strap-shaped, membranous or coriaceous, inde-
hiscent, style terminal, sutures not winged. Seeds 1-3, much compressed,
oblong, radicle inflexed. Species 5, Malayan.
This genus has the habit of Spatholobus with calyx and almost corolla and
stamens of that genus. It differs, however, in having solitary not fascicled flowers
and in having exstipellate leaflets as well as in having a pod indehiscent throughout,
with its seeds centrally not terminally situated, and thus not distinguishable from a
Lonchocarpus pod. From Lonchocarpus, however, Kunstleria differs in having the
flowers unfascicled, in having the calyx deeply toothed and in having the vexillary
stamen free. As regards inflorescence Kunstleria repeats the characters met with
in Derris § Aganope with which it further agrees in having a free upper stamen.
But from Aganope, Kunstleria differs in having a wingless pod, a deep-toothed calyx,
and in having the free stamen adnate to the claw of the standard.
The calyx characters suggest that the natural place for the genus might be in
Phaseolex along side of Mastersia, but the absence of stipels and the fact that the
leaves may be 5-7-foliolate, together with the rather marked affinities as regards pod
with Lonchocarpus and as regards inflorescence with Aganope, seem to render it more
advisable to place it in Dalbergiex beside Lonchocarpus and Derris.
1. Kouwnstiarta Curtisi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 110;
leaflet 1, glabrous or subscabridly pubescent, pod thin flat, densely rusty-
pubescent, 2-3-seeded,
Var. typica; leaves above and petioles glabrous, beneath and
petiolules sparsely adpressed-pubescent with white hairs, rachis and
branches of panicles sparsely rusty-pubescent.
Penana; Tulloh Bahang, Curtis 3019 !
Var. laxiflora; leaves on both surfaces subscabridly, petioles and
1897.] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 465
petiolules densely softly rusty-pubescent as are rachis and branches of
the Jaxer more spreading panicles.
Pan@Kore; Tulloh Sera, Curtis 1632!
Leaves 5-8 in. long, leaflet ovate-lanceolate apex acute base rounded, 4-6'5 in.
long, 2°5 in. wide, nerves ascending 4-5 pairs prominent beneath ; petiole “75-1'5 in,
petiolule ‘25 in., attached subpeltately. Panicles 8-12 in. long, 5-8 in. across. Calyx
"15 in., teeth triangular, upper deltoid notched. Corolla ‘25 in. long. Pod 5 in. long,
1 in. wide, rather distinctly reticulated, at least in the typical variety.
2. Kunstieria Kinew Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 110;
leaflets 3, glabrous on both surfaces, pod thin flat densely brown-silky,
1—2-seeded. of
Perak; Larut, Kunstler 3830! 6870! 6935!
An extensive climber, sometimes over 100 feet long. Leaves 5-8 in. long, leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 1°5-2 in. wide, apex acute, base of lateral leaflets round-
ed, of central cuneate, nerves ascending 4-5 pairs prominent beneath; petiole 1°5-2°5
in., petiolule 2 in., attached marginally. Panicles 8-12 in. long, 5-8 in. across. Calyx
*15 in., teeth triangular except broadly deltoid bifid upper. Corolla dark-purple, ‘25
in. long. Pod 2-4in. long,‘6 in. wide, 1—2-seeded, rather distinctly reticulated ;
seeds oblong, 1°25 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, cotyledons thin and leaf-like, testa very dark-
brown. ;
3. Kuwstierta Forbes Prawn, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.111;
leaflets 5, rigidly coriaceous subscabrid above, densely ferruginous
beneath, shortly sharply acuminate.
Perak; Salama, Kunstler 3094! Disrris, Sumatra; (at Bigni
Telok, Forbes 3241 !)
A small shrubby climber 6-10 feet long, with densely ferruginous branches.
Leaves 8-10 in. long, leaflets elliptic 3°5-5 in. long, 2-2°5 in. wide, base round, apex
rounded with a short abruptly acuminate tip, nerves spreading 6-9 pairs rather
prominent beneath, petiole 3°5 in., petiolules 25 in. attached marginally. Panicles
‘rather strict, 12-18 in. long, 5-6 in. wide, dense-ferruginous. Calyw ‘15 in., teeth
lanceolate. Corolla deep lake-red, ‘25 in. long. Pod not communicated.
4. Kownsrverta Ripieyt Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.111;
leaflets 5, firmly papery, glabrous on both surfaces, tips blunt-pointed,
pod thin flat densely rusty-pubescent, 2-3-seeded.
Stncapore; Ridley 6395!
Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets elliptic 2-3°5 in. long, 1°25-2 in. wide, bases narrow-
ed, apex tapering to a finally abrupt blunt point, nerves ascending 5-6 pairs rather
prominent beneath, petiole 2-3 in., petiolules ‘2 in. attached marginally. Panicles
12-18 in. long, 4-5 in. wide. Calyx ‘15 in., teeth triangular except upper deltoid
slightly notched. Corolla ‘25 in. long. Pod 6 in. long, 1°25 in. wide, very similiar to
that of K. Curtisit but with wider-meshed reticulations.
5. Konstierra Derryi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 112
leaflets 7, rigid subscabridly pubescent on both surfaces, with cuneate
apex,
466 D. Prain-—Some additional Leguminose. [Na 2,
Manacca ; Machap Tebung road, Derry 1006!
A climber with densely pale rusty-pubescent branches. Leaves 6-8 in. long,
leaflets 1-3 in. long, °75-1°5 in. wide, bases of lateral leaflets rounded, of terminal
deltoid, nerves ascending 6-7 -pairs slightly prominent beneath, petioles 2°5-3 in.,
petiolules ‘2 in. marginally attached. Panicles 12-15 in. long, 2-3 in. wide, rachis and
branches softly pale-rusty. Calyx ‘15 in. long, teeth triangular except upper broad
notched. Corolla dark-purple, ‘25 in. long. Pod not communicated.
92. SOPHORA Linn.
6b. Sorpnora Baxert C. B. Clarke MSS.; leaflets 11-15 oblong,
obtuse, at first sparsely pubescent at length glabrous above, densely-
pubescent beneath, pedicels shorter than the finely silky calyx; corolla
middle-sized, pod silky. Sophora sp. Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 251.
Beaar; Parasnath, Thomson ! Kurz! Clarke! Manbhum, Campbell !
Branchlets sparsely puberulous. Leaves 6-8 in. long, leaflets papery 1°5-2 in.
long, ‘6-75 in. wide. Racemes 2-8 in. long, rather dense, half as long as leaves,
pedicels ‘12 in. Calyx ‘25 in., subbilabiate, lower lip distinctly toothed. Corolla
about twice as long as calyx. Pod 2-3 in., subdehiscent; joints oblong, silky, con-
strictions between them deep.
Nearest to 8. Wightii but, as Mr. Baker suggests, very distinct.
6c. Soryora Doni Prain; leaflets 17-19, narrowly ovate-acute, tip
mucronulate, glabrous above even when young, softly densely-pubescent
beneath as are the leaf-rachises, pedicels half the length of densely-
tomentose calyx.
Burma; Chin Hills, C. R. Dun!
Branchlets densely-pubescent. Leaves 6-8 in long, leaflets papery 1-1°5 in. long,
*35-"45 in. wide. Racemes 4 in. long, rather lax, pedicels ‘12 in. Calyz ‘3 in., 2-labiate,
upper lip ovate-oblong, obtuse, notched, lower of 3 ovate-acute teeth one-third the
length of tube. Corolla one-half longer than calyx, keel and wings whitish, standard
purplish-brown (in dried specimens). Pod not seen.
A very distinct species, only once reported. It much resembles, and is evidently
most nearly allied to, 8. Bakeri Clarke, but is very readily distinguished by its leaflets
being quite glabrous above and its lower calyx-teeth being longer.
7b. SopHora Prazurt Prain; leaflets 9-13, oblong subobtuse or
acute obscurely silky beneath, pedicels as long as the finely silky
calyx, corolla white medium-sized.
Burma; beyond Meiktila, growing near streams, Prazer.
A small tree about 20 feet high, branchlets brown-puberulous. Leaves 4-6 in.
long, leaflets membranous 1-2 in. long, ‘5-"75 in. wide, dark-green glabrous above,
finely silky beneath. Racemes short peduncled, rather lax, axillary, 2°5 in. long,
10-15-flowered. Pedicels ‘25 in. long. Calyw green, ‘25 in. long, mouth very oblique,
truncate, teeth obscure. Corolla pure-white, ‘6 in. long.
A very graceful species nearly allied to 8. acwminata to which it bears much the
relationship that 8. Bakeri does to S. Wightii. The pods have not, so far, been
reported.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 467
9. Sopnora Mobis Grah.
Var. Duthiei ; pods wingless.
Cuirrat; Markanda, 5000 feet, Duthie 16048!
A very interesting form, differing apparently in no way from ordinary 8S. mollis
except in the absence of wings to the pods. Its existence rather effectively disposes
of the attempt sometimes made to sustain, as a genus apart from Sophora, the
section to which the species belongs.
9b. Sopnora Grirritum Stocks in Hook. Journ. iv. 147; flowers
smaller, developed before the leaves in short crowded racemes, pods
silky. Keyserlingia Griffithii, Boiss. Flor. Orient. ii. 630.
British BELUCcHISTAN ; Quetta, etc., Griffith! Stocks ! Rind! Hamilton !
Duke! Lace! Duthie! Sutuman Ranae; Fort Monro, Sanders ! Distris.
Throughout Beluchistan and Afghanistan.
A low spineless shrub, all parts densely shortly hoary-pubescent. Leaves 4-8 in.
long, leaflets 21-41, rigid, adpressed silvery, pubescent beneath, ovate or obovate,
‘25-45 in. long, racemes few-fid., 15-2 in. long, pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Calyx ‘2 in. long, very oblique, densely silky, teeth triangular obtuse. Corolla yellow,
*5 in. long. Pod finely persistently silky, the joints with 4 faint longitudinal ridges.
This is’ so closely related to S. mollis that there are some stages in which it is
difficult to distinguish the two; the rather shorter racemes. with fewer flowers and
the shorter pedicels being then the chief distinguishing marks. The leaflets are, how-
ever, almost always more numerous, and when full-grown are much smaller, remain-
ing too, silvery-hairy beneath. But while, with Boissier, placing this in Keyserlingia
(=Sophora § Edwardsia), the writer would point out that it might with almost as
great propriety be placed in Eusophora, since even ripe pods have only 4 faint
crenated ridges to represent the wings on the pods of S. mollis.
93. ORMOSIA Jacks.
2b. Onxmosia scanpens Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 147;
scandent, leaflets 5-7, ovate or obovate, oblong, shortly acuminate, dark-
green, racemes crowded in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter than calyx.
Perak ; Larut, Kunstler 3560 !
A long climber sometimes reaching 100 feet, with glabrous branches. Leaflets
coriaceous 6-9 in. long, acuminate, rounded at base, finely veined. Racemes ina
terminal panicle reachirig one foot in length, branches very finely grey-silky, bracts
small, bracteoles subulate persistent. Calyx ‘25 in., grey-silky, three lower teeth
deltoid as long as tube, two upper subconnate in a bifid lip. Corolla °35 in., white
with reddish tinge, standard ‘25 in. across. Ovary with a line of hairs along upper
suture, elsewhere glabrous; ovules 3. Pod unknown.
A very distinct species, differing much from the others by its scandent habit.
3. Ormosia MacropDisca Bak.
Add to localities :—Sinecapore ; Ridley !
4+. Ormosia cuauca Wall.
Add to localities :— Sikkim ; Sivoke Hills, 2500 feet, Gamble 7555 !
Add to description of /’, B. I.:— Pod hard, thick, 2-3 in. long,
d. in. 59
468 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
1:25 in. broad, the valves blackish, rugose externally, slightly swollen
opposite the ripe seeds, each thickened into a distinct rib along the
upper suture; seeds 2-4, bright scarlet, small (°35 in. long, ‘25 in.
wide), separated by partitions of the tawny suberous Jining in which
they are embedded, without any trace of arillus.
3b. Ormosta GRACcILIS Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 148;
leaflets 7-9, ovate-lanceolate, pale grey-green, flowers in terminal
racemes, pedicels shorter than calyx, pod rather small, irregularly
orbicular with compressed thick valves.
Perak; Larut, Scortechini ! Kunstler! Wray !
A graceful tree with brown glabrous branches. Leaflets chartaceous, tips caudate-
acuminate, 2°5-3 in. long, the veins immersed. Racemes in lax terminal panicles ;
bracts and bracteoles, especially the latter, minute but persisting. Calywx ‘25 in.,
finely silky, teeth rather longer than tube except the upper 2. Corolla pale-yellow,
°35 in. long. Ovary ovate-lanceolate; ovules 2. Pod hard, thick, covered with a
bluish-grey bloom, 1°5 in. long, 1:25 in. wide. Seed usually solitary, oblong, “75 in:
long, with a black adnate smooth aril.
A very fine and distinct species.
4b. Ormosia NITIDA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 149;
leaflets 7, obovate or elliptic very dark-green, shining above, flowers
in terminal panicles, pedicels shorter than calyx, pod subcompressed
with thin valves, seeds oval compressed bright-red, without arillus.
Perak ; Goping, Kunstler !
A tree 30-50 feet high, with rusty-brown glabrescent branches. Leaflets very
rigidly coriaceous, apex rounded abruptly cuspidate, glossy deep-green, 2°5-4 in. long,
15-2 in. wide, veins numerous slender. Flowers in fastigiate panicles. Calyx ‘2 in.
long. Corolla unknown. Pod irregularly oblong, 1 in. long, ‘75 in. across, thinly
woody, rigid, quite glabrous, black externally, shortly stipitate. Seed usually, if not
always, solitary, ‘35 in. long, ‘3 in. wide.
5. ORMOSIA MICROSPERMA Bak.
Add to synonyms :—O. coarctata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii.
2. 71, hardly of Jackson. Add to localities :—Prrak ; Kunstler !
Mr. Kurz’s reduction of Chenolobiwm Miq., to Ormosia is certainly just, but his
further reduction of C. septemjugum and of C. decemjugum t6 each other and then to
the species under review, seems somewhat premature; for the present Miquel’s plants
should be known as Ormosia septemjuga and O. decemjuga. They appear to be more
nearly related to the next species than to O. microsperma but seem at the same time quite
distinct from each other as well as from both O. microsperma and O. swmatrana.
Like many of Dr. Miquel’s species, these two were based on very inadequate
material, certainly much too incomplete to have justified the foundation of a genus.
Add also as a new variety :—
Var. Ridleyi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2, 151; pedicels
distinct, pods more persistently pubescent.
SiInGAPORE; Selitar, Ridley 5574!
1897. ] D, Prain— Some additional Leguminose.. 469
The pods of this are not quite ripe. Mr. Ridley’s field-note says they are
hairy ; should they prove to be quite persistently so it will probably be necessary
to recognise in this plant still another species to be named Ormosia Ridleyt.
5b. . ORMOSIA SUMATRANA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 150;
leaflets 7-9 (rarely 5), short-stalked, veinlets beneath slender raised,
pedicels shorter than calyx, pod subcompressed with thin valves, seed
oblong; racemes in lax spreading panicles.
Matacca; Brisu, Holmberg! Distris. Sumatra.
A very great tree, with thinnish branches, grey-silky at length glabrescent.
Leaflets ovate, or ovate-elliptic or obovate, 2-4 in. long, nerves spreading but pro-
minent below, pale-green glabrous and glossy above, puberulous at length glabrescent
beneath, rounded at base. Branches of panicle laxly spreading, tawny-silky. Calyx 2
in. long. Corolla pinkish-white with lilac-purple markings, ‘35 in. long. Ovary densely-
puberulous almost always 3-ovuled. Pod irregularly orbicular if 1-seeded, oblong if
2-seeded, 1 in. across, 1-1°7 in. long, lineate between the seeds; valves thin woody
rigid black glabrescent. Seed ‘4 in. long, ‘35 in. wide, bright-red, without arillus.
Closely related to O. microsperma but very distinct by its more lax inflorescence,
smaller flowers, larger seeds and different leaves and bracts.
6. Ormosta PARVIFOLIA Bak.
Add to localities:—Sinearore; Ridley! Pananc; Ridley! Dis-
TRIB. Banka; Borneo.
96. CASSALPINIA Liny.
SupGen. 1. Goinanpinta Linn. |
2b. CHSALPINIA MINAX Hance, Journ. Bot. xxii. 365; VAR. BURMA-
NIcA Prain; leaves stipulate, leaflets small, bracts very large enveloping
the young flowers in a strobilate head; bristles of pod subadpressed
and pubescent.
Burma; Shan States, Fort Stedman and Saga, King’s Collectors !
_Distris. China (var. typica. )
Shrubby diffuse, branches at first downy at length glabrescent, with numerous
straight or slightly hooked hard prickles. Leaves 1 foot long or more, pinnze 10-12,
leaflets 6-10 pairs subsessile elliptic or oblong, setaceous apiculate ; stipules subulate
rigid 2-3-fid. Racemes long-peduncled many-flowered, simple sparingly branched
near base ; bracts large oblong-acuminateé, tomentose, *75 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, pedicels
°6 in. long, (in fruit becoming 1:25 in. long). Calyx “75 in. long. Petals obovate
white, 1 in. long. Pods hardly stipitate, 4 in. long, nearly 2 in. wide, elliptic-oblong,
compressed, apex obtuse and beaked near lower corner. Seeds 6-7, °75 in. long,
*35 in. wide, almost cylindric, testa black.
There being no specimen of the true Cesalpinia minaz at Calcutta with which
to compare the Shan Hill plant above described, a specimen was sent to London for
comparison with the type of Mr. Hance’s species which is preserved in the British
(Natural History) Museum collection. The comparison has been most kindly made
by Mr. E. G. Baker and Mr. Britten; Mr. Baker has supplied the following note :—
“ The Burmese plant is certainly very closely allied to C. minax Hance but differs
“in the following points. The legume of (. minaz is shorter by about ? in., the
470 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
“bristles stand erect from the pod and are glabrous; the apiculus at the end of the
“pod in the Burmese plant is longer and at the base more bristly than in C. minaz.
“The leaves not being in the same state in the twospecimens cannot be quite de-
“finitely compared. The bracts of the inflorescence of C. minaw have a narrow
“white margin and the head is more broadly conical than in the Burmese plant.”
Both Mr. Baker and Mr. Britten think therefore that the Burmese plant cannot
be considered typical C. minaz. One other difference may be mentioned; the
flowers are noted as “white” in the Shan Hill specimens, Mr. Hance mentions
“purple ” in connection with the Chinese one. As a temporary measure it is treated
here as only a variety of C. minaz but it may ultimately be necessary to recognise
in it a distinct species, to be known as Cexsalpinia burmanica.*
Suscen. 2. Nuaariw DC.
3. CasaLpinta Nuca Ait.
The species that is most nearly allied to C. Nuga is Mezoneuron sinense Hemsl.
which, with the habit of C. Nuga, has also pods that are very similar in shape and in
consistence and differ only in being narrowly winged down the upper suture.
Perhaps the most convenient and at the same time most natural arrangement would
be to remove M. sinense from Mezoneuron and at the same time to take C. Nuga out
of Cxsalpinia treating them as congeneric and as types of a genus Nugaria equally
related to, but equally distinct from, both Czxsalpinia and Mezoneuron. Still the
mere fact of having.pods slightly winged along the upper suture hardly prevents
the Chinese species from being treated as a Cxsalpinia, since C. sepiaria presents
in SuBGEN. Eucesalpinia, though not so markedly, the same peculiarity. The
Chinese plant certainly must be removed from Mezoneuron.
4b. CSALPINIA PARVIFLORA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
230; puberulous, pinnee 18-24, leaflets 30-36, usually small, oblique,
the lower corner auriculately produced, stamens little exserted, pod
oblique 3-4-seeded ; leaves stipulate ; flowers very small and numerous.
Var. typica; leaflets not exceeding °5 in., stipules lanceolate, de-
ciduous. ~ ;
Perak ; at low elevations, Kunstler! Wray !
Var. P stipularis Prain, loc. cit.; leaflets exceeding °75 in., stipules
ovate-oblong, persisting. |
Perak ; in the plains, Wray !
A climber, or sometimes arborescent; prickles small and few. Leaflets rachis
8-10 in. long; leaflets close sessile subcoriaceous, attached in middle of base but.
with lower corner auriculately produced. Panicles very long, and usually again
branching, the young branches rusty-pubescent; bracts small linear or lanceolate,
deciduous; pedicels °25in. Calyx ‘25 in., puberulous. Filaments densely woolly in
the lower half. Ovary sparsely puberulous. Pod 1 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, like that
of a miniature C. Sappan.
This Cxsalpinia in foliage resembles C. tortuosa and C. microphylla but its pod
is that of a small C. Sappan; by its very small greenish-yellow flowers it is quite
distinct from all the other Indian ones. The variety may prove a distinct species.
* Since this was written the Calcutta Garden has succeeded in obtaining seeds of
this very interesting species from the Shan Hills, and these have been distributed
to the leading Botanic Gardens in both Hemispheres.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 471
9, (SALPINIA MICROPHYLLA Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5826. G. cin-
clidocarpa Bak. in Flor, Brit. Ind. ii. 256.
The species described as C. cinclidocarpa in the Flora of British India differs
from the plant described by Dr. Miquel in having a glabrous calyx. There is no
specimen of genuine @. cinclidocarpa at Calcutta for comparison with the Assam
‘plant ; but even if the two should prove to be identical, there is mo reason why
Dr. Buchanan-Hamilton’s much older name should give place to Dr. Miquel’s more
recent one.
The species is also very common in Sikkim and Western Bhutan.
10. Ca#saLpPrInia ToRTUOSA Rozb.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Penana; Rengra Bukit, 700 feet,
Curtis ! |
Mr. Kurz proposes: to reduce to this species, as a variety (vAR. latifolia),
Dr. Miquel’s ©. acanthobotrya from Sumatra; an examination of an authentic
specimen of Dr. Miquel’s plant (Diepenhorst 2240, from Sumatra) leads the writer to
believe that it is much better to treat the two as distinct species.
97. PELTOPHORUM Voa.
There are, in Herb. Calcutta, specimens of a very distinct species of this genus
from Sumatra with flowers white, tinged’ with pink ;* the generic diagnosis has
therefore to be altered slightly in order to admit of its inclusion.
98. MEZONEURON Dszsstr.
_ 2. Mezonsuron FurFuRAcEUM Prain. M. glabrum Bak. in Flor.
Brit. Ind. ii. 258 not of Desf. M. enneaphyllum Thw. Hnum. 414;
Trimen, Fl. Ceylon ii. 102 not of W. & A. Ceesalpinia furfuracea Wall.
Cat. 5835.
- Martanan; Attran river, Wallich 5835! Peau; Makhoye Hill,
King’s Collectors ! Cnyton ; Thwaites 3601!
. The locality of Dr. Wallich’s specimens is given as Tenasserim in the F. B.I.; the
species has not, however, been as yet collected farther south than Martaban. This most
certainly is not M. glabrum Desf. for it has always opposite leaflets whereas those of
M. glabrum are alternate ; also it has pods with few remote seeds in place of having
them numerous and close together as in M. glabrum. The leaflets of this species are
more remote and fewer in number, they are also more broadly ovate, with obtuse
* The following diagnosis of this species may be given :—
PELTOPHORUM GRANDE Prain; flowering pedicels slightly exceeding the calyx,
petals white with flush of pink.
SumaAtTRA; on hills near Napal Litjin, R. Rawas, at 2500 feet, Forbes 3163!
A very large tree, stem 7 feet in circumference at 6 feet from ground, young
branches rusty-puberulous. Leaves distinctly petioled,6 in. to 1 foot long; pinne
opposite 14-16, 3-6 in. long; leaflets 20-24, somewhat remote, ligulate, sessile,
rounded, slightly unequal-sided, base cuneate, rigidly subcoriaceous, faintly adpressed-
puberulous below. Racemes simple, rusty-puberulous as are the pedicels ‘3 in. long,
and the calyx; bracts very sinuate caducous. Calyx ‘2 in. deep. Pod not seen.
A yery distinct species,
472 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
tips and unequal bases, than are the leaflets of M. enneaphyllum which have rounded
tips and equal bases. But the most striking difference is in the pod which is much
larger, and has a much broader wing than that of M. enneaphyllum; it is besides
rather prominently widely reticulated throughout while the pod of M. enneaphyllum
is smooth. Dr. Thwaites’ misidentification of the Ceylon plant with M. enneaphyllum
in place of M. furfuraceum, has unfortunately found its way both into the Flora of
British India and the Handbook of the Ceylon Flora.
Dr. Trimen suggests that M. pubescens may be included in this species; in this
he follows Mr. Kurz who united (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. pt. 2, 293), M. glabrum,
M. enneaphyllum, and M. pubescens. ‘The recent accession of large suites of specimens
shows, however, that Mr. Kurz’s proposition is altogether untenable and proves, more-
over, that neither M. glabrum nor M. pubescens occurs in India.
3. MezoNEURON ENNEAPHYLLUM W. & A.
Delete from localities :—-Curton. Add to localities :— ANDAMANS ;
Great Coco, Prain !
4, Mpzonnuron HYMENOCARPUM W. & A. Prodr. 283. M. pubes-
cens Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 259 not of Desf. Czesalpinia Glenniei
Thw. Enum. 414 in part. C. hymenocarpa Wall. Cat. 5832.
Borma ; Taong-Doung, Wallich 5832! Meiktila, Collett 839! Prome,
Kurz 2568! Shan States, King’s Collectors! Bhamo, King’s Collector !
ANDAMANS ; very common. CryYLon; Thwaites 3815 in part !
This has alternate leaflets, much fewer in number than those of M. pubescens to
which it bears something of the relationship that M. glabrum bears to M. furfuracewm ; it
is, however, just as distinct from M. pubescens as these two species are from each other.
Somewhat similar to this, but equally distinct, is a species from Tonkin (Balansa
2149). The leaflets resemble those of M. hymenocarpum, but are more densely pu-
bescent; the pods, too, are very different, being firm and rigid. The calyx of M.
Balansae likewise differs considerably from that of this species and resembles the
calyx of M. sulphureum.
4b. Mezonrvron Kunstiert Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2.
233; leaflets 7-9, medium, rigid ovate-acute, glabrous, stamens much
exceeding the calyx.
Perak ; Kunstler 895!
A large climber, all parts glabrous. Pinnz 8, leaflets 1°5 in. long, *75 in. wide,
subcoriaceous. Racemes laxly panicled, pedicels patent. Flowers bright-yellow,
calyx quite glabrous. Pod only seen young.
4c. MB8ZONEURON ANDAMANICUM Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1xi. 2.
131. (Nov. Ind. v. 60).
5. MezonEuRON soMatranum W. & A.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Prrax; Thaipeng, Scortechini 1766!
Simput, Ridley 3083 !
99. PTEROLOBIUM R. Br.
The three varieties of P. indicum distinguished in the F, B. I.
form in reality three very distinct species.
1897.] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 473
1. PrrroLopium inp1cum A. Rich.
Specimens of this have been collected by Dr. King in Dehra Dun and by Col.
Beddome in the Godavery Jungles or the Circars, thus proving a considerably more
extensive distribution northward and eastward in India than has been suspected —
hitherto ; the majority of the specimens previously collected had been obtained in the
Nilghiris or the Pulney Hills.
2. PTEROLOBIUM DENSIFLORUM Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2.
236 ; racemes with thick rachis and very close set pedicels not exceeding
the calyx, in fastigiate panicles. P. microphyllum Kurz, Journ. As.
Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 71 not of Mig. P. indicum var. microphyllum Buk.
in. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 259 at least in part.
Penane; Govt, Hill, 2500 feet, Curtis 3093! Maracca; Maingay
535! Trnasserim; Helfer (fide Baker).
A large climber, very strongly armed, somewhat resembling P. indicwm. Leaves
4-8 in. long, pinnz 4-8 pairs, leaflets 8-10 pairs, subcoriaceous, glabrous, ‘6 in. long,
‘25 in. wide. Pedicels ‘25 in. long, racemes 150-200-fld. Pod 2 in. long, with
an obtuse or obliquely acute wing 1°25-1°5 in. long, ‘5-7 in. wide.
Maingay n. 5385 which is P. microphylluwm Kurz, and isin part P. indicum vArR.
microphyllum, Bak., is represented in Herb., Calcutta by a specimen of which the leaf
has only 7 pairs of pinne. Curtis n. 3093 from Penang is the same plant; its leaves
have 4-8 pairs of pinnez; its leaflets are as described above. Obviously then it cannot
be P. microphyllum Miq., which has linear leaflets 40-44 in number upon 14-16 pairs
of pinne. The Tenasserim plant mentioned in the F. B. I. is not at Calcutta; all
our Burmese and Andamans specimens belong to the next species.
3. PTEROLOBIUM MACROPTERUM Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2.
71; racemes with thin rachis and lax pedicels much exceeding the calyx,
in spreading panicles. P. indicum var. macropterum Bak. in Flor. Brit.
Ind. ii. 259. .
Burma; common. ANDAMANS; very common.
A large climber; very weakly prickly, otherwise like P. indicum. Leaves 6-9 in.
long, pinnz 7-8 pairs, leaflets 7-10 pairs, papery, ‘45 in. long, ‘25 in. wide. Pedicels
‘4-5 in. long, racemes 20-80-fid. Pod 2°5-2°75 in. long, with an obtuse wing 2 in.
long, “7-8 in. wide.
The leaflets of this aré rather larger and firmer than those of P. indicum but
are neither so large nor so firm as those of P. densiflorum (P. microphyllum Kurz, not
Miq.). The plant is much less formidably prickly than either of these; from the
first it differs most markedly in pod, from the second most markedly in inflorescence.
Mr. Kurz describes the flowers as white.
103. CASSIA Liny.
1. Cassia Fistuna Linn.
It should be noted that in Herb. Calcutta there is a gathering of Cassia Fistula,
the well-known Amaltds or “ Indian Laburnum,” from Chittagong, which is reported
by one of our native collectors as having had pink flowers. It would be interesting if
any of the members of the Society were able to confirm this report. The. statement
is not impossible since at least one other species of this section has both pink and
474 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
yellow flowers; but, if true, it is remarkable that a pink-flowered form of Amaltés
should not have found its way into Bengal gardens.
2b. Cassia JAVANICA. Linn.
This species, which had not (see Ff. B. I. ii. 267) up to 1878 been reported from
within the British area, has recently been sent by Mr. Wray from Perak. Mr. Wray
gives “ Sibusoo” as the native name of the tree; this name is usually applied to
P. nodosa which is very plentiful in the Malay Peninsula. But, as Mr. Baker points
out, the two species are very closely related and that they should bear the same
Malay name is not therefore a matter for surprise.
4. CASSIA RENIGERA Wall.
Very many gatherings of this species have been received in Herb. Calcutta
since Mr. Baker’s description. was written in 1878. At. that time the flowers were
still unknown ; the following description of them is therefore necessary.
Flowers in showy corymbs, solitary or in pairs, from old nodes, on softly pubescent
peduncles 1-1'5 in. long, bracts large puberulous, ovate-cordate, long-acuminate “75
in. long, "5 in. across, lower pedicels 2 in. long, pubescent; calyx 5-partite to the
base segments ovate softly velvety ; petals oblong-obtuse clawed, ‘8-1 in. long; the 3
lower stamens longer than the rest with larger anthers and with nodose filaments.
The most puzzling feature about these specimens is that of the gatherings where
the colour of the flower has been noted, some are said to be pink-flowered and just as
many are said to be yellow-flowered; yet there is no character in the inflorescence,
bracts, sepals or petals, whereby the two may be distinguished. The attention of
members of the Society, resident in Burma, is therefore directed to the point and
their assistance in clearing up the matter will be very gratefully received by Indian
botanists. It may be added that all the specimens noted as pink-fld. are from i 3
all the yellow-flowered ones come from the Shan Hills.
5. CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS Linn.
This does not appear ever to have the pale-lilac flowers described in the F. B. I. ;
the petals are pale-yellow faintly veined with orange.
6b. Cassia HinsUTA Linn. Sp. Pl. 378. Mentioned in the F. B. I.
under ©. tomentosa: appears now to be quite naturalized in many parts
of our area. The species in general habit most resembles C. occiden-
talis; like that species and like CO. Sophera its leaves have a single large
gland near the base of the petiole: it is, however, readily distinguished
from both plants by its dense pubescence. In inflorescence it resembles
C. Tora as its flowers are in subsessile pairs in the leaf-axils. Out-
wardly too its pods resemble those of CO. Tora except that they are
densely villous; the dissepiments however are transverse, not oblique,
and the seeds are broadly ovate as in C. occidentalis not rhombohedral
as in OG. Tora. The following are localities from which specimens
growing in a ‘wild’ state have been sent to Herb. Calcutta.
Mysore; Bababoodun Hills, Talbot 2343! Mapras; St. Thome,
Pillay! Assam; Nowgong, Simons! Stncarore ; common, Anderson 44!
Hullett 75! Kunstler 317! |
1897.] D.. Prain— Some additional Legumiuose. 475
7. Cassta Tora Linn.
As defined in the F. B. I. this name covers two very distinct
Species :—1. Cassia Tora, with leaves glaucous or glaucesent beneath,
very foetid; with short pedicels and smaller flowers, the pedicels in
fruit not exceeding ‘35 in.; and with two glands on the leaf-rachis,
one between each of tle two lower pairs of leaflets,
2. Cassia optusiroLia Linn. (C. toroides Roxb.) with leaves green
beneath, not footid ; with long pedicels and much larger flowers, the
pedicels even in flower reaching | in.; and with one gland only on the
leaf-rachis, situated between the leaflets of the lower pair.
C. Tora is common everywhere throughout our area; it is a native of the Hastern
Hemisphere and may, as is sometimes stated, have become introduced in America;
the writer has never, however, seen an American example; all the specimens bearing
the name C. Tora that have been sent to Calcutta from America are OC. obtusifolia.
C. obtusifolia is common in some parts of our area, notably in Western India from
Kanara northwards in Scinde, Panjab and Rajputana, and in the Western Hima-
layas from Hazara to Garhwal and Dehra Dun; there are also some specimens from
Behar and from Burma and it is quite common in Singapore. Elsewhere in India,
if it occurs at all, it is very rare. It is an American species comparatively recently
introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere.
The two plants differ so constantly and so markedly in such a number of particu-
lars that they must be separated as species. The foetid small, strongly veined glaucous
leaves, and short pedicels of C. Tora always accompany the existence of 2 glands to
the leaf-rachis and, even on the most cursory examination, distinguish it from
C. obtusifolia with its green leaves less prominently nerved, its long pedicels with
very much larger flowers—characters always associated with the presence of but
one gland on the leaf-rachis,
The confusion between the two plants goes back to Linnzeus who referred to C.
Tora (which he defines as having leaves with 2 glands) the plant figured by Dillenius
‘in Hort. Eltham. as t. 68, f.73. That figure shows no glands. But Linneus is pro-
bably right in identifying it with the plant here described as C. Tora; at all events
it has the strong nerves, the short pedicels and the quadrate pods of that species.
As CO, obtusifolia, Linneeus has quoted the figure by Dillenius in Hort. Eltham.
t. 62, f. 72. Thisis likewise figured without glands, and since in diagnosing the
species Linnzus omits all allusion to glands, one is tempted to suppose that the name
C. obtusifolia was based on this Dillenian figure. But this cannot be the case; M. De
Candolle mentions having actually seen a specimen of C. obtusifolia Linn., and he
defines the species as having leaves with a single gland. This sets the question at
rest once for all, and makes it clear that so far as the plant itself is concerned, C.
obtusifolia Linn. is the species that was later on more fully described and more
accurately characterised by Roxburgh than it had been by Linnzus, under the name
Senna toroides.
All authors have agreed that the figure of Gallinaria rotundifolia Rumph., cited
by Linnzeus as his C. obtusifolia, is without a doubt C. Tora; it has not been so
generally noted that the figure in Dillenius (t. 62, f. 72), by its very name “ fetida,”
by its pronounced nerves, and by its short pedicels would appear to differ from the
real C. obtusifolia and would seem to be only another form of the plant shown in
t. 68, £.°78, and therefore to be likewise C. Tora. In fact the only Linnean reference
ae. 1. 60
4.76 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose., [No. 2,
that probably does go with the actual plant is that to Sloane’s Hist. of Jamaica; this,
oddly enough, Linnzeus refers only tentatively to his species.
Wight and Arnott have disposed of the difficulty by recognising the plant with
one gland as distinct from that with two; they treat the former as a mere variety
of €. Tora however, and they complicate matters still further by identifying with it
Rheede’s Tagera (Hort. Malab. ii. t. 58). Rheede’s figure shows no glands at all any
more than do the two figures of Dillenius. But its strongly veined leaves, its short
pedicels and its short pods make it certain that it represents C. Tora and not C.
obtusifolia.
Miquel deals with the two plants themselves exactly as Wight and Arnott do,
but has been unable to resist the temptation of still keeping up a C. obtusifolia Linn.,
apart from either. For this he cites Plumier’s Plante Americane (Ed. Burmann)
t. 76, f. 2, again a figure showing no glands; the plant itself Burmann describes as
having a gland at the base of each pair of leaflets. This may mean that Miquel
doubts the accuracy of M. De Candolle’s statement that Linnzeus’ specimen of C.
obtusifolia has but one gland, or may imply that he prefers to follow Linneus as
to his citations but not as to his plant. Plumier’s figure is what constitutes VAR. B of
Linnzus’ Cassia Tora; it has, according to Royen and to Burmann, but one gland.
Miquel cites the Plumierian plate under var. a of his C. obtusifolia and vaR. a he
describes as having two glands, while Linnzeus’ name for the Plumierian plate he
refers to his own VAR. B., which he says has one gland.
Mr. Baker proposes to unite the two species and it would have been very
convenient had this been possible. But the differences between them are too
marked and too constant to admit of this being done.
8b. Cassia Lavicata Willd. Hnum. Hort. Ber. 401 is another species
that, since Mr. Baker’s account of the genus in the F. B. I. was pub-
lished, has proved to be thoroughly naturalised in various parts of
India, e.g., in the Nilghiris near Ootacamund, in Sikkim, and notably
in the Khasia Hills near Shillong, at Cherrapunji and elsewhere.
In general appearance it resembles C. occidentalis but it has larger
flowers and may further be at once recognised by its leaf-rachis having
a gland between each pair of leaflets except the terminal pair. When
mature it is very easily distinguished by its fruits which are short turgid
cylindric obtuse and distinctly stipitate below, obtuse and apiculate at
the tip, 2°5-3 in. long, ‘6 in. in diam., finely transversely striate. Seeds
smooth broadly ovate, compressed, greenish-brown, shining, ‘2 in. long,
‘15 in. wide,.‘08 in. thick.
9b. CaASsIA HOLOSERICEA F'resen. in Flora xxii. 1. 54; stipules tri-
angular reflexed rigid spinescent persistent; leaflets 10-16, velvety-
pubescent, racemes narrow, pod flat oblong little recurved not crested in
the middle, velvety-pubescent.
Sctnpe ; Stocks! Dalzell! Talbot ! Distris. Westward to Abyonuil
This very closely resembles C. obovata, for which indeed it is usually taken, but
can be at once distinguished by its pubescent more numerous leaflets and by its
pubescent less recurved, uncrested pods. In habit and in the dimensions of all its
parts it agrees with C. obovata. .
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 477
12. Cassia montana Heyne.
Add to synonyms of F’. B. I.:—Senna glauca Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 351.
13. Cassta TrmorIENSIS DC.
Add tosynonyms of /. B. I. :—C. xanthocoma Mig. Anal. Ind. i. 10.
Add to localities:—Western InpiA; Kanara, Talbot! Matay
Pentnsuta’; Kedah, Curtis! Perak; Kunstler! Scortechini !
14, Cassta euauca Lamk.
No collector has ever sent to Calcutta a specimen that could be said to accord
with the description of C. fastigiata Vahl, reduced here in the F. B. I. Perhaps, as
Wight and Arnott suggest, Vahl may have made some mistake as to the number of
glands. In any case Vahl’s description is such that if C. fastigiata has to be reduced.
to C. glauca, it is under VAR. suffruticosa and not under the typical C. glauca that it
must be placed.
18. Cassia mimosoipes Dinn.
Var. 1. dimidiata is C. dimidiata Roxb., a very distinct species with 5 stamens
of which not infrequently the uppermost is smaller than the others and is sometimes
even replaced by a staminode.
Var. 2. Wallichiana as to citation consists of two very distinct plants, both of
which, as it happens, are mixed under Wall. Cat. 5320.
One of these is the same plant as C. myriophylla Wall. Cat. 5326—and is no
doubt a mere variety of C. mimosoides distinguishable, with difficulty in many cases,
by its rather longer leaflets. Like the type it has small flowers with apparently
always 10 stamens and has the petiolar gland deeply embedded in the leaf stalk.
The other is the plant described by Mr. Baker as vAR. Wallichiana, easily dis-
tinguished by its larger flowers: in this plant often only nine, sometimes only seven,
of the stamens are perfect and the petiolar gland, though not stalked, protrudes dis-
tinctly above the upper surface of the leaf-stalk. oe best name for the species is
C. Leschenaultiana DC.
Var. 3. auricoma is only a more hirsute condition of the preceding. It is
equivalent to C. Macrzi, but it should not be separated as more than a variety from
C. Leschenaultiana,
19. Cassia nigricans Vahl. Symb. i. 30; gland of petiole sessile
obscure, stamens 10, all perfect or 1-3 rudimentary, seeds 7-11. DC.
Prodr. ii. 498; Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. u, 289. C. micrantha Guill. &
Perr. Pl, Seneg. i. 262. )
Western Inpia; N. Canara, Stocks ! Talbot! Woodrow !
An undershrub or shrub sometimes 5 feet high, sparsely pilose. Leaves dis-
tichous 2-4 in. long, with an obscure sessile gland below the lowest of the 8-18 pairs
of oval-oblong obtuse mucronate leaflets ‘5-1 in. long. Stipules persistent lanceolate-
subulate. Flowers small ‘25-35 in. across, solitary or 2-5 together in short supra-
axillary pedicels. Sepals ‘2 in long, outer acute, inner obtuse, apiculate. Pods
erect nearly straight, flat, dehiscent, shortly pubescent, 7-11-seeded ; fruiting pedicels
stout, ‘15 in. long.
This species is said by Talbot to be common in North Canara. It is most like
C. mimosoides VAR. Wallichiana but is readily recognised by its large leaflets, which
dry black, and by its smaller flowers and fewer-seeded pods.
478 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose, [ No, 2,
104. CYNOMETRA Linn.
1. CYNOMETRA RAMIFLORA Linn.
Sussp. genuina; leaflets 1l-jugate. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. i. t.
63; Lamk, Ill. 331. f. 2.
Matava ARcHIPELAGO; Java, Horsfield! Amboina, Teysmann !
Ceram, T'eysmann !
This subspecies has never been collected in Indian territory; it may be necessary
to restrict the name C. ramiflora to this and recognise in the next subspecies a distinct
plant.
Susse. bijuga; leaflets 2-jugate. C. bijuga Span. Linnea xv. 201.
Var. 1. mimosoides Bak.; the end-leaflets obtuse hardly larger than
the basal pair. C. mimosoides Wall. Cat. 5817. Bheede Hort. Malab.
iv. t. 3l.
BeneaL; Sundribuns, common, Heinig! S. Inp1a; Malabar,
Rheede (ic.) ! Ceyion ; at Trincomalee, Rotiler (part of Wall. Cat. 5816C)!
Burma; Arracan, Kurz! Martaban, Wallich 5817 A! Kurz! Tenasserim,
Wallich 5817C! Proudlock! ANDAMANS; very common everywhere on
the coasts.
Var. 2, heterophylla Thw., Hnum. 97; the end leaflets acute much
larger than the basal pair. C. bijuga Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat.i. 78. C.
vamiflora Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 315 not of Linn. C. polyandra Mig. Anal.
Bot. Ind. i. 11, not of Roxb.
CryLon; sea-coast, Walker! Anpamans; Coco Group, and S.
Andaman, very rare. Matay Pexninsuta; Johore, King! Perak, Wray
2503! Singapore, Ridley 5891. Disrris. Malay Archipelago.
There are many intermediates between these two varieties, but there are no
forms linking either of them with subspecies genwina. In a monograph of the genus
it will probably be found advisable to recognise suUBSP. bijuga as specifically distinct
and in that case it will be necessary to restore Wallich’s name C. mimosoides (which
is older than the name C. bijuga) to designate it. But it will always be well to
keep the two varieties of suBsP. bijuga apart as such. ;
Wall. Cat. 5816 is exceedingly confused—the following are the plants included
under it in the Herb. Calcutta series of Wallich’s specimens :—
5816 A. Herb. Madras=C. cauliflora L.
5816 B. Herb. Heyne =C. cauliflora L.
¢ Herb. Madras=C. polyandra Rowb. var. typica.
5816? C. (Trincomalee =C. ramiflora (C. bijuga) vAR. mimosoides.
5816? D. Herb. Wight =C. ramiflora L. VAR. mimosoides.
5816 E. Penang =C. polyandra Rowb. var. Kurzii.
2b. Cynometra Beppomer Prain; leaflets 6, flowers in rather lax
oblong sessile solitary axillary racemes.
S. Inpia; 8. Kanara, Beddome; Wynaad, at Tambacheri Ghat,
2800 feet, Beddome !
1897. | D.: Prain— Some additional Leguminosee. 479
A tree, leaflets thinly subcoriaceous, glabrous, oblique obovate-oblong, the lowest
pair the smallest 2-3 in. long. Flowers in rather lax, few-fld. racemes, 1 in. long,
outer bracts ovate-acute ‘25 in. long, pedicels faintly puberulous ‘5 in. long. Sepals
*2 in. long, reflexed. Filaments twice the calyx. Ovary puberulous except along the
side whence the style arises, which is quite glabrous. Ripe pods not seen.
This species is mentioned by Col. Beddome under t. 316 of the Flora Sylvatica
and again by Mr. Baker under C. inaequalifolia in the Flora of British India ii. 268,
apropos of S. Kanara specimens which the writer has not seen. In 1880 Col.
Beddome sent to Dr. King from the Wynaad two specimens with the note :—‘‘ Cyno-
metra n. sp. This is mentioned at tab. 316, Fl. Sylvatica.” They are in flower
and in very young fruit, and the above diagnosis is made from them. The plant, as
Mr. Baker suggests, is nearest C. inaequalifolia but is abundantly distinct from that
species.
4, CYNOMETRA CAULIFLORA Linn.
The expanded filaments of this species make its flowers very readily distinguish-
able from those of C. ramiflora L. suBsP. genwina which it much resembles in leaves.
It is a purely garden species without the slightest right to be considered indi-
genous in India.
5. CYNOMETRA POLYANDRA Rozb.
Var? Kurzit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, Ixvi. 2. 200; leaflets
large, pods very rugose. C. cauliflora Wall, Caf. 5816 (E ozly).
Penane; Jack (Wall. Cut. 5816 E)! Kurz! on Govt, Hill “ ap
1890 ” and “ May 1893,” Curtis! Perak; Scortechind !
This has the puberulous leaf-rachis of typical C. polyandra but its very different
pod makes the writer believe that it may be necessary to recognise in it a distinct
species, C. Kurzti. Up till now only leaf specimens of this have been obtained by
Jack, Curtis and Scortechini, with a solitary fruiting specimen obtained by Kurz.
There are no specimens of C. polyandra proper from Penang or from Malacca in the
Calcutta Herbarium.
105. SINDORA Mra.
This genus has been long known but apparently usually little understood. First
described by Rumphius under the name “ Caju Galedupa” and quite unmistakeably
depicted in Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 18, it thus forms as to citation a part of the genus
Galedupa Lamk. (Encycl. Meth. ii. 594 [1786]); the description there given applies,
however, only to the “ Pungam” of Rheede (Hort. Malab. vi. t. 3) which is the basis
of the genus named Pongam by Adanson (Fam. ii. 322 [1763]) and which is still
known under a less barbarous form of this name (Pongamia) proposed in 1803 by
Ventenat; the form Pwngamia proposed by Lamarck in 1797 on his discovery of the
error of his identification of 1786, has not, for some reason, been generally
accepted. :
Willdenow (Sp. Pl. iii. 902 [1799]) in pointing out that his Dalbergia arborea is
the plant described by Lamarck as Galedupa indica has been careful to exclude the
-Rumphian synonym. And Buchanan-Hamilton, one of the ablest critical botanists
of his day, suggested the affinity of Rumphius’ plant with Copaifera, to which it is
indeed exceedingly closely allied. But in opposition to the sound judgment of
Willdenow and in spite of the very happy suggestion of Hamilton, Wight and Arnott
480 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
have taken the unfortunate, and for them quite unusual, view of supposing that
Rumphius had made a mistake as to the number and position of the leaflets in his
figure. It has, however, been left to Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 167) to revert to
the error of Lamarck’s early work and to propose the use of a part of Rumphius
name, not for the tree that Rumphius describes and figures but for one that he has
accurately figured and described in another volume under the name Malaparius.
Miquel in 1860 (Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 286) founded on fruiting specimensjof a
species nearly allied to Rumphius’ Galedupa the genus Sindora, while Bentham in 1865
founded on flowering specimens of a third species the genus Echinocalya (Gen. Pl.
i. 584); Mr. Bentham expressed, however, a presentiment that the two plants
Sindora and Echinocalys might prove congeneric. The discovery of other speci-
mens in the Wallichian Herbarium, where they had been treated by Graham as be-
_ longing to Guilandina, completely confirmed Mr. Bentham’s surmise that Sindora
and Echinocalyx are congeneric and led to his publishing in Hooker’s Icones Planta-
vum a fuller account (Ieones Plantarum xi. 11, t. 1017, 1018 [1867]) of the plants in
question. The two plates, however, do not, as Mr. Bentham for the moment believed,
represent the flowers and the fruit of one species. Plate 1018, representing the fruit
of this composite species, being a figure of Gulandina Wallichiana Grah. can alone
therefore be cited as Sindora Wallichii Benth. The plant figured on Plate 1017,
being a different species, will have to be cited as Sindora Echinocalys.
Mr. Baker has reduced to this already composite species two others that are
equally distinct, viz. :— 8. siamensis Teysm. and S. intermedia Bak. (as a variety) ;
Mr. Baker has also established a valid new species (S. velutina). Still another
species, which Mr. Baker seems for the moment to have overlooked, occurs in
Cochin-China, while Mr. Baker has himself tentatively referred yet another to the
genus Afzelia.
The only modification that it is necessary to make in Mr. Baker’s generic
definition is to note that the pod is not necessarily armed with prickles on the face.
In the Key that follows, the opportunity has been taken of showing the relation-
ship to one another of all the known species of Sindora ; to the Key is appended a list
of the citations that concern each. In drawing up the Key it has been somewhat
difficult to present the species ina natural sequence, owing to the incompleteness
of the specimens as regards particular characters. The stipules, for example, in S.
velutina are unknown, so is the fruit; the flowers on the other hand are unknown
both in Sindora swmatrana and S. Galedwpa. The position of S. velutina in the Key
and list may therefore be subject to revision when the missing parts are reported ;
the character of presence or absence of prickles on the calyx-lobes cannot be used
satisfactorily.
Key to the known species of Sindora.
Pod armed on the face with strong straight prickles,
(unknown in S. velutina) :—
Pods subeqally rounded at base—the stipe and beak at
opposite ends of its long axis :—
Stipules large foliaceous tee ie ww. Ll. §. Wallichiana,
Stipules inconspicuous :—
Calyx lobes densely echinulate, teaflets small oval,
obtuse tt ae ati .. 2 WS. Echinocalyz.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 481
Calyx with only a few spinules near tips of lobes;
leaflets large obovate retuse dad 3. SS. siamensis.
Pods obliquely rounded at base — beak projecting fala
ally at right angles to direction of stalk :—
Stipules large foliaceous (calyx-lobes not echinulate ;
pod under 1°5 in.; leaflets 3-jugate) .. 4. 8. cochinchinensis.
Stipules inconspicuous :—
Leaflets 3-jugate :—
Pods under 1°5 in., leaflets glabrous, calyx un-
known ... ee Ns .. 5. 8. swmatrana.
Pods over 2°5 in., leaflets pubescent beneath,
calyx dutieilntio ee S. intermedia.
Leaflets 5-jugate, calyx not echinulate; ped ‘faints 7. §S. velutuna.
Pod unarmed on the face (leaflets 4-jugate, glabrous;
stipe and beak at opposite ends of pod) :—
Pod over 3 in. long ... a an on SS '“Seoridcea:
Pod under 2 in. long oe oa .. 9. 8S. Galedupa.
o
1. Srypora Watticniana Benth. ex Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng,
Ixvi. 2. 203. S. Wallichii Benth. in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 1018 (in part
and excluding t. 1017); Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind ii. 268 (eaclud. the syn.
Kchinocalyx und both varieties). Guilandina Wallichiana R. Grah. in
Wall. Cat. 5805. Galedupa Wallichiana.
SingaroreE; Wallich 5805! T. Anderson 41! Kurz! Matacca;
Grifith !
The Griffithian specimens cited belonged to the collection of Dr. McClelland and
are quite distinct from other Griffithian specimens issued as ‘“‘ Dialiwm sp.” [K. D.
1848]. In the field Griffith referred the specimens to “ Cassia ;” in Herb. Calcutta,
however, Dr. T. Thomson has marked them “Schotia! sp.” which much more
nearly indicates their true position.
| 2. Sinpora Heainocatyx Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 204.
S. Wallichii Benth. Icon. Plant. t. 1017 (not t. 1918 and not Guil-
andina Wallichiana R. Grah.) Hchinocalyx Benth. in Gen. Pl. i. 584,
S. Wallichii var. ovalifolia Maingay MSS. Galedupa Echinocalyx.
Matacea; Griffith 1848! Maingay 562/1! 7
The inconspicuous stipules, smaller leaflets and very densely spinescent smaller
calyx amply distinguish this from S. Wallichiana. It will be observed that in the
field Dr.’ Maingay had already detected the difference between this plant and the
original Guilandina Wallichiana ; it differs, however, the writer believes, more than
merely varietally.
3. SINDORA SIAMENSIS 5 aia ex Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Pag.
ui. 86; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit, Burm. i. 413, 8S. Wallichii var. siamen-
sis Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 263. Galedupa siamensis.
Siam ; at Rad-boerie, Teysmann 6050 !
This cannot possibly be reduced to S. Wallichiana; it differs ih kéawes, and in
flowers and to a less extent in fruit. Mr. Baker says it has leaves with ® leaflets
482 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
but in almost every leaf on Teysmann’s original examples there are 4 pairs of
leaflets.
The native name is given by Minami as “ May-sak.”
4. SrinpoRA COCHINCHINENSIS Buiill., Adansonia x. 104. Grandiera
cochinchinensis Lefevre MSS. ex Buil/, Galedupa cochinchinensis.
Cocuin-Cuina; at Tay-ninh and Thy-dau-mot, Lefévre.
The native name of this is given as “ Cai-go;” it is said to be a fine tree 100
feet high.
5. Srnpora sumatrana Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 288. Galedupa
sumatrana. !
Sumatra; at Meranjat in Palembang, Teysmann 3753! Motuccas ;
Bawean, where it is grown in gardens, Teysmann (Hort. Bog. 1766) !
Mr. Teysmann notes the Sumatra name for this as “ Sindoor,” but gives the
name in Bawean as “ Saparantu.”
6. Srvpora intermedia Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 268 (as a var.) ;
Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 204. Sindora Wallichii Scortechint
MSS. not of Benth. Galedupa intermedia.
Matacca ; Maingay 562! PancKore; feet techint 1064! Curtis 1630 !
Perak ; Scortechint ! :
Scortechini describes this as a tree 100 feet high. Curtis notes its native name
as “ Sapétir”’ in Pangkore. The pods of this are obliquely rounded at the base so
that the long axis of the pod is at right angles to the stalk; this alone makes it
very easy to distinguish the species from 8. Wallichiana and S. Echinocalyz.
7. Sinpora veLurina Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 269. Galedupa
velutina.
Matacca; Maingay 607!
The writer has seen a specimen kindly lent by the Director of the Royal
Gardens, Kew, to the Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden. It is clearly a very
distinct species, nearest apparently to 8. cochinchinensis and S. intermedia; its fruits
have not, however, been yet reported, and its position in the key will depend on
whether the long axis of the pod be found to be continuous with that of the stipe or
at right angles to it.
8. Sinpora cortaceaA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 206.
Afzelia? coriacea Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 275. I[ntsia coriacea
Maingay MSS. Galedupa coriacea.
Matacca; Maingay! Ridley 2328! Prnane; Ourtis 430!
The Malacca name given by Mr. Ridley is “Sapétir;” this is the name used
in Pangkore for 8S. intermedia. In Penang the name used is “ Mirbau,
used on the Mainland for Afzelia palembanica.
This has exactly the pod of the other Simdoras, differing only from that of S.
Wallichiama and 8. Hchimocalyx in being unarmed on the yalves. From the next
species it chiefly differs in the size of the fruits.
te)
which is
1897. ] D. Prain—Some additional Leguminose. 483
9. Sinpora Gaxepupa Frain. Caju Galedupa Rumph. in Herb.
Amboin. ii. 59, t. 13. Galedupa indica Lamk. Encyc. Meth. 11. 594 (as
to the citation Galedupa but excluding the plant described.) S. sumatrana
VAR. javanica Koord. § Val. Bijdr. ii. 45 ( possibly).
Maayan ARCHIPELAGO.
This species agrees with the preceding in number of leaflets and style of leaves
as well as in having pods that are unarmed. It has smaller pods than any of the
other species except S. swmatrana, from which it differs only in the absence of spines
from the pods and in the long axis of the pod not being at right angles to the direc-
tion of the stalk. The reference of this plant by some writers to Pongamia glabra, in
spite of its equally-pinnate leaves and its arillate funiculus, must be admitted to be
incomprehensible.
The writer has examined a leaf specimen of 9S. swmatrana VAR. javanica Koord.
& Val. The 4 pairs of leaflets suggest that it differs from S. swmatrana; the leaflets
themselves seem to the writer to differ materially from those of S. swmatrana or
indeed of any of the species represented in the Calcutta Herbarium. Neither
flowers nor fruits are yet reported but it is highly probable that Messrs. Koorders
and Valeton’s plant either is an undescribed species, or—what would be even more
interesting—is the long-lost Galedwpa of Rumphius; the fact that its leaflets are in
4 pairs largely helps to strengthen the latter suggestion.
106. DIALIUM Linv.
1. Dziatium ovoieum Thw.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Travancore?; Lawson !
The specimens from Travancore seen by the writer consist of fruits only, and it
is not absolutely certain that they belong to this species because they are decidedly
gibbous at the base which those of the Ceylon plant at Calcutta are not. At the
same time they much more closely resemble the fruits of D. ovoideum than they do
those of D. indum, the true Malayan Krangi. They may possibly prove to belong to
a lost species, Dialiwm coromandelianwm Houtt., and it is to be hoped that members
of the Society in Southern India will help to clear up the difficulty.
16. Diatium 1npuM Linn. Mantiss. 1. 24; leaflets 5-9, all cuneate
at the base, branches of the panicle ascending, pedicels shorter than
the calyx, pod not velvety. Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 136, t. 30; Mig. Flor.
Ind, Bat. i. 79; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 169.
Panane; Pijai, Ridley 2627! Penana; Ayer Etam, Curtis! Disrris.
Malay Archipelago.
A tree 60-70 feet high, leaflets alternate, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
finely reticulately-veined, 3-4 in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide, gradually narrowed from the
middle to apex, base more abruptly cuneate. Panicle ample with slender finely grey-
downy branches. Buds elliptic. Sepals ovate-obtuse, thinly grey-downy, ‘1 in. long.
Filament much shorter than anther. Pod suborbicular slightly compressed, ‘9 in.
across, dark-purple not velvety.
This is the earliest reported Asiatic species of the genus, and it has become usual
to assign to it in particular the Malay name Kranji, first made known to us by Bontius.
As a matter of fact, however, the name Kranji appears to be generic in its significance,
J, 11. “61
A84, D..Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
and to be applied to most, if not all the Malayan species of Dialiwm. Thus. while,
according to Bontius.and Rheede, the name Kranji signifies D. indum, the field notes
on specimens in Herb. Calcutta show that it may be applied to D. lawrinum (Ridley
6437) toa form of D. platysepalum (Holmberg 821) to D. Maingayi (Curtis 440) and
to what seems to be a form of D. ambiguum from Malacca (Derry 510 of 1892).*
According to Mr. Baker D. indwm was not known from the Malay Peninsula up
to 1878. Perhaps Mr. Ridley’s Pahang specimens are from wild trees, his field-notes
and his references in the account of the Flora of Pahang, (Trans. Linn. Soc. n. s. vol.
iii) do not make the point clear. Mr. Curtis’ Penang ones are pretty evidently from
an introduced tree since they are noted as being from “ Ayer Etam in Miller’s com-
pound” and since he gives besides two alternative Malay names, Krangi Burong and
Kranji Padie. The latter term is not used for any other specimen at Calcutta, but
the name Kranji Burong accompanies a Malacca form of D. platysepalum (Holmberg
855) with clavate pods. Another specimen for which alternative names are given is
one of D. Maingayi (Goodenough 1533) from Malacca, which is cited as Kranji ambot
or Kranji skellat. No other specimen has the name Kranji ambot but the name
Kranji s’kellat is used (Derry 89; Goodenough 1693) for two Malacca gatherings of
the round-fruited form of D. platysepalwm with somewhat congested panicles. The
name Kranji papan is used (Goodenough 1321) for D. lawrinwm but this name is also
twice employed by the same collector (Goodenough 1225; 1553) for that form of
the totally dissimilar D. platysepalum that has rather flattened pods.
It has been occasionally said that Malay native names are more exactly applied
than is usual in India. The above will perhaps show that even within the limits
of so marked a group of species as the various. Kranji trees, the incidence of Malay
names may be as vague and as unreliable as the incidence of Hindi names can be.
lc. Diattum Kounsturri Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 168;
leaflets 3-5, cuneate at base, pod very large umbonate at tip.
Prrak; Goping, Kunstler 4415!
A tree 100-130 feet high. Leaflets alternate or subopposite, ovate-lanceolate
narrowly acuminate, apex entire, base cuneate, 4-5 in. long, 1°25-1°5 in. broad, coria-
ceous, rather dark-green shining above, dull and pale-green beneath, glabrous on
both surfaces; petiolules short. Panicles terminal and axillary, 4 in. long. Pod
subspherical, hardly compressed, oblique, prominently umbonate at tip, firm, 1°5 in.
long, 1°35 in. wide, black. Seed solitary, subrotund, smooth, dark-brown, dull, ‘6 in.
long, ‘5 in. wide, ‘2 in. thick.. Flowers not seen.
2. Diacium Maineaayi Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Purax ; Scortechini 2052! Wray
3407! 3767! Penane; Curtis 440! 3031! Manacca ; Goodenough 1533!
3. DiaALium LAuRINUM Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Sincarore; Krangi, Ridley 6437 !
Panane; Ridley.
4. Dianium pATENS Bak.
Add to localities of #. B. I.:—Perax;. Larut, Kunstler 5551!
5577! Disrris. Borneo.
* Derry 510 of 1890 is not the same plant; it is undoubtedly a form of D.
platysepalum ; it bears the native name Sepan, not Kranji. This is an excellent
instance of the undesirability of giving the same number to two different gatherings.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. | 430
Substitute for description of fruit and seed in F’. B. I. :— Pod ovoid
slightly compressed, apex. not apiculate, fragile, black with a thin grey
pubescence, *5 in. long, *35 in. wide, ‘3 in. thick. Seed solitary, nearly
regularly oblong with angles rounded, ‘3 in. long, *25 in. wide, ‘15 in.
thick, dark-maroon, slightly shining, neither striate nor reticulate.
5. Drattum pLatysertum Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Purax; Larut, Wray! Jonore;
Machap, Goodenough !
5b. Diatium amBicuum Prain, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. Ixvi. 2. 172 ;
leaflets 7 opposite or subopposite, rounded at base, faintly puberulous
beneath.
Perak ; Goping, Kunstler 6142! Matacca; Derry !
A tree 40-50 feet high, leaflets oblong rather abruptly shortly caudate-acumin-
ate, apex obtuse entire, 4-5 in. long, 1°5-1°75 in. wide, very rigidly coriaceous, bright-
green glossy and glabrous above, dull and faintly puberulous beneath. Panicles
terminal and axillary, deltoid, slightly spreading, 5-8 in. long, 4-8 in. wide, pedicels
15 in. long. Calyx-tube obsolete, ‘15 in. long, ovoid in bud, segments subequal much
imbricate, reflexed after flowering, densely brown-velvety on both surfaces. Pod
unknown.
A species very nearly related to D. platysepalum but differing in having a silky-
grey instead of dark-brown ovary, and in having opposite leaflets which are only
very faintly puberulous beneath.
6. Diautoum Wattiicuit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 174.
D. pjatysepalum var. Wallichii Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 270.
Besides differing in the points noted by Mr. Baker, D. Wallichii is unlike D. platy-
sepalum in having the sepals glabrous within and the pod distinctly stipitate. It seems
better therefore to treat it as specifically rather than as merely varietally distinct.
7. Dtatiom Kinet Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 175; leaflets
13-15 opposite, oblong subobtuse or obtuse, branches of the very large
panicle erecto-patent, pods velvety.
Perak ; Larut, Kunstler 4627! 8187!
A tree 100-150 feet high; leaflets ‘opposite except the terminal one, oblong-
lanceolate, apex abruptly cuneate or rounded with an obtuse or retuse tip, base
' cuneate or rounded, 2-2°5 in. long, *6-*8 in. wide, very rigidly coriaceous, deep-green
glabrous and shining above, rusty-pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal and axillary,
deltoid, 6-8 in. long, 8-10 in. across. Calyx ovoid in bud, tube obsolete, segments
subequal broadly ovate-obtuse ; externally densely brown-pubescent, internally waxy
white, closely puberulous. Pod irregularly spherical, ‘9 in. long, “75 in. across, velvety-
black. Seed solitary, subquadrate, warm-brown, faintly longitudinally striate, -4 in.
long, *4: in. wide, *2 in. thick.
106.* KOOMPASSIA, Marneay.
Very tall erect trees. Leaves odd-pinnate with alternate leaflets.
Flowers copious small obscure, in ample terminal panicles, bracts small
486 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
caducous. Calya#-tube very short conical, or none; sepals 5 lanceolate
subequal, very slightly imbricated. Petals 5 subequal, their margins
not meeting. Stamens 5, filaments short or very short; anthers equal
basifixed, dehiscing by two apical pores. Ovary sessile, subglobose or
slightly elongated, l-ovuled; style short acute, stigma small, terminal.
Pod oblong, compressed, winged throughout its circumference, narrowed
and somewhat twisted at the base, indehiscent. Seed solitary situated
near the middle of the pod, compressed, exalbuminous; cotyledons
leafy, radicle short straight. Species 4, Malayan.
1. Koompassia MALACCENSIS Maingay ex Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl.
t. 1164; leaflets 7-9 green, faintly adpressed rusty-puberulous beneath ;
panicles rusty-pubescent; petals rather larger than sepals and much
exceeding stamens ; anthers short, widely triangular; ovary subglobose,
densely rusty-pubescent. Taubert in Engl. Natirl. Pflanzenfam. iii. 3.
156; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 166.
Perak; Kunstler! Wray! Scortechini ! Matacca ; Maingay ! Derry !
Holmberg ! Goodenough! Sincapore; Ridley! Penana; Curtis! Dis-
TRIB. Sumatra.
A timber-tree 80-100 feet high, 3-4 feet in diam. Leaves 5-8 in. long; leaflets
ovate-lanceolate or oblong-acuminate with obtuse slightly emarginate tip, coriaceous,
2-3 in. long, ‘8-125 in. wide. Calyz-tube obsolete, sepals ovate-acute, densely rusty
externally. Petals oblong-obtuse, white, ‘15 in. long, slightly exceeding sepals, two
and a half times as long as stamens. Pod oblong, compressed, 4-5 in. long, 1°25-1°5
in. wide, reticulately wide-veined opposite the seed. Seed solitary 1'5 in. lopg, °65
in. wide, cotyledons foliaceous, cordate, 5-nerved at base ; nerves conspicuous.
This is the well-known Malay timber-tree known as Kwmpass.
2. KoomPassiA PARVIFOLIA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 166;
leaflets 9-11 glaucescent, closely pubescent beneath; panicles grey-
silky; petals much shorter than sepals and stamens; anthers long,
lanceolate ; ovary subcompressed, nearly glabrous,
Pmrak ; Goping, Scortechini !
A timber-tree 80-100 feet high. Leaves 3-4 in. long, leaflets elliptic-lanceolate
with obtuse slightly emarginate tip, chartaceous, 1-1°25 in. long, ‘25-"35 in. wide.
Calyz-tube short conical, sepals ovate-lanceolate grey-silky externally. Petals
elliptic, white, one-third as long as sepals, half as long as stamens. Pod not seen.
This is the timber-tree known to the Malays as Tualang; its wood is much used
for building purposes.
108. CRUDIA Scares.
There are about 12 species of this genus in Malaya. The oldest name for the
genus is Towchiroa Aubl.; this name applies, however, more particularly to those
species (the original Touchiroa aromatica, also Crudia bantamensis, C. gracilis and
C. Wray?) that have only 3 or fewer than 3 leaflets; the remaining species form the
group or section Crudia proper.
1. Crupia zeyYuanica Bth.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 487
2. Orupia GLavca Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 221; leaflets
papery 7-8, glaucous, glabrous on the nerves elsewhere puberulous
beneath, petioles and innovations glabrous. ‘fouchiroa glauca Prain
MSS.
Perak; Goping, Kunstler 8175!
A tree 50-70 feet high, stem 1°5-2°5 feet thick. Leaflets oblanceolate-oblong,
base slightly obliquely rounded, apex rounded and abruptly obtusely cuspidate, 2°5-4
in. long, 1:25-1°75 in. wide, dark-green glabrous above, very glaucous beneath.
Racemes dense. Pod oblong tapering at both ends, beaked, closely shortly puberulous,
4 in. long, 2 in. wide, ‘6 in. thick. Seed solitary, large oblong, 1°5 m. long, 1°2 in. across,
*4. in. thick.
Nearest of all the Malayan species to C. zeylanica Bth., the only Indian species
described in the F. B. I.
3. Cropia Curtisit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 220;
leaflets papery 7-9, uniformly puberulous beneath, petioles and innova-
tious grey-pubescent. Touchiroa Curtisii Prain MSS. |
Penane ; Govt. Hill, Curtis 3007! Matacca; Bukit Sadanan, Derry
1164! Perak; common, Kunstler !
A tall tree 80-150 feet high, stem 2-3 feet thick. Leaflets obovate to oblong,
base slightly obliquely rounded or cuneate, apex rounded and abruptly obtusely
cuspidate, 2-3°5 in. long, 1-15 in. wide, green glabrous above, grey-puberulous
beneath. Racemes rather lax ; pedicels slender, ‘6 in. long, buds oblong, °15 in. long.
Calyz-lobes pubescent externally, glabrous within. Pod oblong obliquely rounded
at base, subequally rounded apiculate at tip, closely shortly puberulous, 3 in. long,
2 in. wide, ‘5 in. thick.
Var. ? Wallichit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 221; leaflets
papery 7-9, uniformly densely softly velvety beneath, leaflets acute
not cuspidate or caudate at apex. Leguminosa Wall. Cat. 5983. Ignota
Wall. Cat. 8089. Touchiroa Wallichii Prain MSS.
Penang; Porter! Wallich !
C. Curtisii is known in Malacca as “ Kumpas rwman,.” The plant here tentatively
treated as VAR.? Wallichw will probably, when flowers are reported, turn out to be
a distinct species,
4, CRUDIA SPECIOSA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 222;
leaflets papery 5, rarely 3, quite glabrous on both surfaces, petiolules
glabrous, innovations glabrescent. Touchiroa speciosa Prain MSS.
PunGAH ; “ growing in the Rajah’s Garden,” Curtis 2955!
A handsome tree with slender pendulous glabrous branches. Leaflets.oblong,
base unequally rounded or truncate, apex abruptly tapering to a short acutely
caudate tip, 2-2°5 in. long, 1-1°5 in. wide, dark-green above, paler beneath. Racemes
rather dense; pedicels slender ‘35 in. long, glabrous as is the rachis, bracteolate below
the middle. Calyzx-lobes very sparsely puberulous externally, glabrous within. Pod
not seen.
Nearest to C. Curtisii and C. glauca, but amply distinct from both.
488 D, Prain-- Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
5. Croupia Scortrecuinut Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 220;
leaflets papery, 11-13, uniformly tawny-puberulous beneath, petioles
and innovations tawny-pubescent, pod rusty-tomentose. Touchiroa
Scortechinii Prain MSS.
Perak; Goping, Scortechini 2029!
A tree 80-90 feet high. Leaflets lanceolate, base slightly unequally rounded,
apex acuminate, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. wide, dark-green. Racemes rather lax, pedicels
slender ‘4 in. long, tawny-pubescent like the angular rachis, bracteolate about the
middle. Calyz-lobes sparsely-pubescent on both surfaces. Pod oblong, obliquely
rounded at both ends, rugulose, 2°5 in. long, 1'5 in. across, flat. Seed 1 with a long
funiculus.
6, Crupia caupATA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.219;
leaflets coriaceous, 5-7, very long caudate-acuminate, leaf-rachis pro-
longed beyond ultimate leaflet, innovations and petioles densely rusty-
pubescent. Touchiroa caudata Prain MSS.
JoHoreE; Ridley 6399! Distris. Borneo.
A small tree. Leaflets oblanceolate, base rounded or deltoid, 2°5-4 in. long, 1 in.
wide, the narrow tip °75 in. long, dark-green shining above, dull and rusty-pubescent
on the nerves beneath. Calyx-lobes densely rusty externally, glabrous within. Pod
(young) linear oblong, obliquely rounded at base, obtuse apiculate at opposite end,
compressed; 2 in. long, “75 in. wide, valves densely, shortly, subscabridly rusty-
pubescent. Seed solitary.
An exceedingly distinct species.
7. Crupta Wrayi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 222; leaflets
small 3, thinly papery, oblanceolate, racemes dense, rachis puberulous,
flowers pedicelled. Touchiroa Wrayi Prain MSS.
Perak; Sungei, Larut, Wray 2974!
A small tree with slender glabrous branches. Leaflets cuneate at base, rounded
and shortly abruptly acuminate at apex, 1°5-2'5 in. long, ‘5-1 in., wide, quite glabrous
on both surfaces. Racemes dense 4-8 in. long, rachis angular puberulous, pedicels
slender ‘2 in. long, bracteolate in middle, buds ‘15 in. long. Calyx-lobes faintly
puberulous externally. Pod unknown.
A member of the group of species to which the original species Touchiroa
aromatica belongs, which is further. represented in the east by the. species C.
bantamensis and (C. gracilis. It is easily distinguished from all three by its much
smaller leaves, and is further distinguished from the two Malayan species by its
longer pedicels; from the American species it is distinguished by its larger racemes.
8. Crupia GRACILIS Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 223;
leaflets large 3, firmly papery, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, spikes
slender sparse strict, rachis glabrous. Touchiroa gracilis Prain MSS.
Porax; Thaiping, “in low wet ground in dense forest, rare,”
Kunstler 8468 !
A slender shrub 6-8 feet high, young branches glabrous. Leaflets cuneate or
slightly unequally rounded at base, shortly caudate-acuminate at apex, glabrous on
1897.] D.. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. | 489
both surfaces, 4°5-6 in. long, 2-3 in. across. Flowers sessile, buds oblong, *15 in. long.
Calyx-lobes quite glabrous on both sides. Pod not seen.
This is the nearest, of the Peninsular species, to C. bantamensis (Touchiroa
bantamensis Hassk.) from Bantam. It differs in having quite sessile glabrous flowers
and a sparsely flowered, glabrous rachis.
109. SARACA Linv.
1. Saraca inpica Linn.
After a prolonged study of the material in the Calcutta Herbarium, the writer
can find no evidence that Saraca indica extends, as a wild species, to the east of
the Irrawaday. There are no specimens here from the Malay Peninsula, and those
seen by Mr. Baker from Malacca must in all probability have been from planted
trees. In Canara occurs a variety (VAR. puberula) with peduncles, pedicels, leaf-
rachis, and petiolar aspect of stipules all puberulous to pubescent; Chittagong
and Arracan specimens always have very much broader and larger leaflets than the
normal plant though they are, like it, everywhere glabrous; they seem to constitute
a distinguishable variety (var. latifolia). S. minor and S. Zollingeriana are probably
best treated as distinct species.
1b. Saraca ZouwincerRianaA Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 84; leaflets 6,
petiolules short, bracteoles persistent ascending, sepals not half as long
as calyx-tube, stamens 7. S. indica Wall. Cat. 5822 (F only) not of
Linn.
Martanan ; Wallich ! Distrip.; Java.
A low erect tree. Leaves sessile or subsessile, lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate-
acuminate to an obtuse tip, 6-8 in. long, 1°5-2 in. wide, less rigid than in 8. indica.
Corymbs dense 2-3 in. broad, pedicels glabrous very slender, ‘25 in. long below the
small ovate acute ascending bracteoles. Sepals ‘2 in. long, orbicular, under one-
third the length of calyx-tube. Filaments 3 times as long as the sepals, anthers
much smaller than in S. indica. Pod as in S. indica.
_ Dr. King has noted of the plants of this species cultivated in Hort Calcutta,
received from Java :—“ Differs from 8S. indica in having only 8 pairs of leaflets,
“in having narrower sepals, in flowering later, and in having the smell of ripening
“ pears.”
1c. Saraca minor Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 84; leaflets 2-6, petiolules
short, bracteoles persistent spreading, sepals half as long as calyx-
tube, stamens 8. y
Var. typica; leaflets 6; bracteoles acuminate. JAva.
Var. bijuga; leaflets 4 or very often only 2, bracteoles obtuse.
8S. bijuga Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, 1xvi. 2. 214.
PERAK; very common.
A tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves sessile, leaflets oblong-lanceolate acute, 10 in.
long, 2°5 in. wide ; in texture much thinner than those of S. indica. Corymbs rather
lax, 4in. long, 3 in. wide, pedicels very slender glabrous, ‘5-75 in. long below the
large spreading oblong, obtuse bracteoles. Sepals ‘35 in., obovate-oblong. Filaments
3 times as long as-sepals, anthers very small. Pod smooth, reddish-yellow, 8-10 in.
long, 2'5 in, wide, obliquely cuneate at base, obliquely acute at apex.
490 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
This description applies only to the Perak plant which might perhaps with
equal propriety be considered a distinct species, Saraca bijuga. Among Malayan
species it most closely resembles S. triandra Baker, which also is very common in
Perak and also as arule has 2-jugate leaflets. But it is at once distinguished in
flower by its glabrous peduncles and pedicels and its 8 stamens, and in fruit by its
smoother larger pods not so oblique at the base or so obtuse at the tip.
2. SARACA CAULIFLORA Bak.
Add to description of F. B. I. :— Pod 12 in. long, 2 in. wide, with a
stout beak °75 in. long.
Add to localities :—Perak ; Scortechini !
This appears to be rather a rare species in the Peninsula. There are 2 lanceo-
late bracteoles °35 in. long, but they are extremely deciduous; the bracts, which are
also very deciduous, are large oblong, 1 in. long. ;
2b. Saraca DEcLINATA Mig. Flor, Ind. Bat. i. 84; leaflets 12-16
(usually 14), petiolules long, bracteoles deciduous, corymbs rather dense,
usually from thick old branches, sepals less than half as long as the
calyx-tube, stamens 4. Jonesia declinata Jack. in Malay. Miscell. ii. 7.
74; Walp. Rep. i. 844.
Perak; very common. Panana; Ridley! Sepancor; Ourtis !
Matacca ; Goodenough! Ridley ! Disrris. Sumatra; Java.
Extremely like S. cauliflora Baker, and when in flower only to be satisfactorily
distinguished by analysis. Still the writer believes Mr. Baker’s species to be, as
species go in Saraca, a fairly separable one; not only is the character of 4 stamens
always associated with shorter sepals, the pods are also distinguishable. Those of
8. declinata are usually rather longer than those of S. cauliflora, being often 15 in.
long ; they never appear to be beaked as those of S. cauliflora are.
2c. SARACA THAIPINGENSIS Cantley ex Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
Ixvi. 2, 211; leaflets 14-16, petiolules long, bracteoles deciduous,
corymbs very short dense and subsimple from thick old branches, sepals
nearly as long as calyx-tube, stamens 4.
Perak; very common. Matacca; Derry!
This again in foliage and habit very closely resembles the two preceding species,
but may be separated by its shorter denser corymbs on which many of the lower
bracts persist for a considerably longer time; by the larger flowers, with much
longer sepals, and by the much broader pods: In the two preceding species the
pods are 2 in. across; in this they are always over 3 in. wide, and are besides rather
thinner in texture. The corymbs are not over 3 in, across; the stamens appear to
be always 4 only.
3. Saraca Lopsrana Bak.
Add to description :—Pod 12 in. long, 2:25 in. wide.
The pod is almost exactly like that of S. declinata in shape, i.e., it has not got
a persistent beak; in size itis more like that of S.cauliflora, It differs, however,
from both in having a longer stipe, 1:25 in. in length. In none of the flowers
examined by the writer have more than 6 stamens been found, in a few of the
flowers only 5 are present.
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 491
There is a species from Borneo as yet undescribed that approaches this very
closely but that differs in having shorter racemes (springing in the same way from
slender leafless branches), flowers with persistent bracteoles, only 4 stamens, and
amore shortly stipitate pod. It has been distributed by Mr. Haviland with the
mark d. u.e. d; being one of Haviland’s plants, the writer is precluded from describ-
ing it.
3b. Saraca Kunstieri Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 213;
leaflets 4-6, petiolules long, bracteoles caducous, corymbs in very long
sparse terminal panicles, sepals about as long as calyx-tube, stamens 7.
Perak; Gunong Batu Pateh, 1500-2000 feet, Kunstler 8048 !
Tree 20-40 feet high; branchlets zigzag glabrous. Leaf-rachis 5-10 in. long,
glabrous, leaflets large diminishing downwards, ovate-acuminate base cuneate, distal
8-10 in. long, 3°5-4 in. wide, basal if 2 pairs and central if 3 pairs 4-5 in. long,
2°25-2°5 in. wide, basal if 3 pairs 3°5—4 in. long, 2-2°25 in. wide; all papery glabrous
on both surfaces, dark-green above paler beneath, main-nerves 6-9 pairs ascending,
more prominent beneath. Peduncles glabrous 8-12 in. long, branches 1-2 in. long.
Pedicels and calyx-tube very short, calyx-lobes ovate-oblong ‘2 in. long, glabrous.
Filaments 7, anthers not seen. Pod falcate 4-6 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, glabrous.
Seeds 5-6 transversely ovate, ‘5 in. long, ‘7 in. across, *25 in. thick, testa black,
smooth shining crustaceous.
A very distinct species apparently nearest 8. Lobbiana Baker. Unfortunately
good flowers are not available for description.
dc. SaracA GRIFFITHIANA Prain; leaflets 8-12, petiolules short,
bracteoles persistent ascending, sepals about half as long as calyx-tube,
stamens 4, rarely 5 or 3.
Uprrer Burma; Poneline, J. Anderson !
A low tree. Leaves sessile or subsessile ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate acute, 6-8 in.
long, 1°5-2 in. wide, subcoriaceous. Corymbs dense 3-4 in. broad; pedicels stoutish
“25-35 in. long, pubescent as are the peduncles; bracteoles small acute ascending
amplexicaul. Sepals *25-'3 in. long, obovate-oblong. Filaments three times as long
as the sepals. Pod not seen.
This species has been long known in the Calcutta Herbarium where it is
marked “ Saraca species in H. B. C. from Griffith’s collections.” Most probably
therefore they had been obtained from plants raised from seeds brought by
Dr. Griffith from his Ava journey, as it is only from Upper Burma that specimens
have since been received.
The facies of the plant is that of typical S. indica but the peduncles and pedi-
cels are pubescent as in S. palembanica and S. triandra and in S. indica var. puberula ;
the bracteoles too are here very much smaller, as in S. Zollingeriana; the stamens
moreover are almost always 4, in several flowers 3 have been found, in one flower
5. With S. Zollingeriana it agrees in consistence of leaves and as to bracteoles,
but it differs in having the pedicels pubescent and in not having 8 stamens. The
Species it most nearly resembles is 8S. palembanica but while it agrees in foliage,
pubescence and number of stamens with that species, it has much larger anthers:and
stouter pedicels, and has altogether different bracteoles as well as a much larger
calyx.
J. 1, 62
4.92 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,'
3c. Saraca mMAcRopTERA Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1080; leaflets 8-12,
petiolules short, bracteoles spreading persistent, peduncles and pedicels
quite glabrous, stamens 4.
Var. typica ; leaflets cuneate at base, corymbs lax, 3-4 in. long and
broad.
SumMaTRA; BORNEO.
Var. parviflora; leaflets truncate at base, corymbs dense, | in. long,
usually in rings on thick old branches, flowers much smaller than in
VAR. typica.
Perak ; Kunstler !
A tree 30-40 feet high, stem 4-6 in. thick. Leaflets lanceolate acute 6-10 in.
long, 15-2°5 in. across. Corymbs densely clustered, bracts persistent spreading or
reflexed ; bracteoles obovate, ‘2 in. long, spreading. Sepals 15 m. long. Filaments
three times as long as sepals, anthers very small. Pod not seen.
This comes nearest a Bornean species (S. Hullettii) of which a description is
appended.*
3d. SaRacA PALEMBANICA Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 291; leaflets
10-14, petiolules short, bracteoles spreading persistent, stamens 4;
peduncles and pedicels pubescent. ?
Perak; Scortechini! Penance; Curtis 647! 1386! Dinpines;
Bryant ! Distris. Sumatra.
A slender tree. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate acute, 8-12 in long. Corymbs sessile
from old nodes on thick old branches, dense, 2-8 in. long, bracts persistent spreading.
Flowers as in S. triandra. Pod -not seen.
Except in the shape of the more numerous leaflets, and in the denser shorter
corymbs, this species does not appear to the writer to differ specifically from
&. triandra, an opinion which, judging from a note left by him in Herb. Calcutta,
the late Father Scortechini appears to have been inclined to entertain,
4. SARACA TRIANDRA Bak,
Add to description of F. B. I.:—Peduncles and pedicels pubes-.
cent.
* Saraca HULLETTII Prain; leaflets 4-6, petiolules distinct, bracteoles large
spreading or reflexed, persistent, sepals longer than the calyx-tube, stamens 4.
Borneo; Sarawak, planted, Hullett 312! near Kuching, Haviland !
A tree. Petiolules 25 in. long; leaflets thin shining on both surfaces, ovate to
ovate-lanceolate acute, corymbs short-peduncled, peduncles and pedicels quite.
glabrous, 83-4 in. long and broad. Bracts persistent spreading or reflexed ; bracteoles
ovate ‘25 in, long. Sepals ‘25 in., calyx-tube ‘2 in. Filaments 3-4 times as long as
sepals. Pod oblong very oblique at both ends, 3 in. long, 1°5 in. wide, distinctly
beaked ; stipe slender °5 in. long.
With this appears to agree Beccari, P. B. 916, of which there are, however, only
flowers at Calcutta. The species is evidently very closely related to S. macroptera, of
which it has quite the flowers; the leaves with fewer shining leaflets are, however,
very <ifferent from those of 8. macroptera. To avoid the possibility of future
confusion of the two species this diagnosis is given.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 4.93
This species is extremely common in Perak as well as in Malacca. It hag also
been once obtained in the Dindings (by Bryant), and once in Penang (by Curtis,
n. 163!). There is besides a specimen at Calcutta from Sumatra (Teysmann 3638 ! ),
named “ Jonesia palembanica var. ? ” which, while not precisely Miquel’s J. palemban-
éca, is not distinguishable from Mr, Baker’s species ; it may be necessary hereafter
in monographing Saraca to treat S. triandra as only a variety of 8. palembanica.
The synonym Jonesia triandra Roxb. must be deleted, for Roxburgh’s Jonesia
triandra is Afzelia bijuga. And, though it is not at all clear what Jonesia scandens
Roxb. may have been, there is every reason to believe that it too belongs to some
other genus. The fact that it was ‘scandent,’ for Roxburgh having said so
enables that to be taken for granted, most certainly precludes its citation under S.
declinata as Miquel, or under 8S. triandra, as Baker would suggest.
5. SAaRACA LATISTIPULATA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 217 ;
leaflets 12, stipellate, short-petioluled, bracteoles ascending amplexicaul
persistent, stamens 2; stipules large, foliaceous, only connate at their
bases between the petiole and the stem.
Purak ; Ridley ! | ,
Petiolules ‘15 in., twice as long as the subulate firm persistent stipels ; leaflets
very firmly coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate, bases almost equally
- rounded, 5 in. long; 1°5in. wide, dark-green dull glabrous above, finely puberulous
on the midrib beneath as also on the margins, the petiolules, leaf-rachis and _ stipels ;
stipules foliaceous sometimes 1°5 in. long, each with bold midrib, obliquely cordate,
the outer free margin of each auriculate, the inner margins cuneate and connate
throughout their lower third between petiole and stem. Corymbs very few-flowered
(sometimes flowers subsolitary), clustered on warted nodes along thick branches
hardly °75 in. long; pedicels puberulous; bracts persistent, bracteoles triangular
puberulous. Sepals under ‘25 in. long. Filaments about twice as long as sepals.
Pod oblong, 2 in. long, *8 in. wide.
A most remarkable species, which deserves perhaps to be treated as the type of
a distinct section.
112. HUMBOLDTIA Vaat.
5. HumponptiaA DECURRENS Bedd. ex Oliv, in Hook. Ic. Plant. xxiv.
+. 2368; branches hollow, nodes constricted, spur of stipule large ovate
subacute, leaves distinctly petioled, rachis winged, leaflets 8-12, petio-
lules 0; petals 5.
: S. Inp1a; Travancore, Beddome, Bourdillon !
A tree 40-50 feet high, trunk 1 foot in diam., branchlets cinnamon-brown
tomentose. Stipules obliquely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1°5-2°5 in. long, below
the point of attachment obliquely ovate or reniform, leaf-rachis a foot long, leaflets
elongate-lanceolate, 6-15 in. long, the lower shorter than the others, thinly
coriaceous, base obtuse, apex acuminate. Racemes short axillary, solitary or paired,
often hardly exceeding the stipules, bracteoles and sepals downy on the back, the
latter ‘5 in. long. Petals oblanceolate or oval, as long as the sepals. Pod 35-5 in.
long, 1-1'5 in. wide near the tip, tomentose.
This is at once distinguished from other species of Humboldtia by its alate
rachis.
494, D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. | NovZy
113. AFZELIA Smrira.
1. AFZELIA RETUSA Kurz.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Beneat; Sundribuns, Hilis !
This has often a branched inflorescence and often also has acute leaflets, so that
the only character left to distinguish it from A. bijwga is the absence of pubescence
from its pedicels and calyx. It might be as well to treat it as only a variety of A.
bijuga.
2. AFzeLia BiuGA A. Gray.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—Jonesia a triandra Roxb. Flor. Ind.
1, 220,
3. AFZELIA PALEMBANICA Bak.
The synonym Intsia palembanica Miq. must be deleted because Miquel’s plant,
though near this, has very different, much larger bracts. It will be necessary for
whoever may monograph the genus Afzelia to re-name this species A. Bakeri.
4, AFZELIA ? CORIACEA is a Sindora.
1136. PAHUDIA Mia.
Erect unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate with few pairs of
opposite leaflets. Flowers racemose in sessile or peduncled terminal
panicles. Calyx with a disc produced to the top of its somewhat elon-
gated tube; sepals 4 much imbricated slightly unequal. Developed
petal one, orbicular, short-clawed, the lower ones rudimentary or want-
ing. Stamens 7 declinate united high up into a slit sheath, the fila-
ments unequal and free at the summit, and with 2 small staminodes
at the base of the staminal tube ; anthers small oblong dehiscing longi-
tudinally. Ovary stalked few-ovuled, style filiform with a small ter-
minal stigma. Pod large oblong, thick and woody, 2-valved, dehiscing,
smooth. Seeds with a large basal arillate funiculus. Species 2, one
Malayan, one Indo-Chinese.
1. Pasupia xyLocarPA Kurz in For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 418.
Suan Hitts; Dr. King’s Collector 134! Disrris, Siam.
A tree with puberulous and pruinose branchlets. Leaves short-petioled, leaflets
2-3-paired, with distinct petiolules, ovate, rounded at base, slightly acuminate at tip,
thinly papery, glabrous shining above, glaucescent beneath, 8-3'5 in. long. Flowers
in a grey-pubescent terminal panicle, the individual racemes few-fld.; pedicels short
thick ; sepals grey-velvety obovate, concave, the outer pair about ‘25 in., the inner pair
‘2 in. long. Pods rhomboid oblong, thick-valved and somewhat turgid, 4-5 in. long.
Seeds 2, compressed, orbicular, enclosed in a medullary endocarp, about 1°25 in.
across, resting on a horny, arillate, much expanded funiculus.
A very interesting addition to the Burmese Flora. The species was first collect-
ed in Siam by Mr, Teysmann, and has recently been sent from the southern Shan
Hills by one of the collectors of the Calcutta Botanic Garden.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 495
114. BAUHINIA Linn.
J. Bavninra ToMentoSA Linn.
Also in the Andamans, but possibly introduced.
2. BaAvHINIA BRACHYCARPA Wall, |
This still remains a doubtful plant. There is no example of Wall. Cat. 5786 at
Calcutta, and the sheets here named B. brachycarpa by Dr. Wallich himself have been
reduced by Mr. Kurz to B. acuminata; in making this reduction Mr. Kurz is cer-
tainly right.
3. BAavHINIA pOLycaRPA Wall.
Add to description of F’. B. I. :— Petals white, °35 in. long.
All dubiety has now been removed from this plant which is a very distinct
species and has been recently reported from Makana in Tenasserim, at 2000 feet
eley., and from many localities in the Shan Hills.
Its nearest ally is evidently B. timorana Decaisne (Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 446)
which, apparently by a lapsus calami, has been written B. timoriensis and reduced to
B. racemosa in the F. B. I. and again in the Index Kewensis. A perusal of Decaisne’s
description shows that his plant has little in common with B. racemosa beyond that
both are Bawhinias. Decaisne gives no collector’s name and no exact locality in
Timor. There are, however, examples in Herb. Calcutta of a species collected at
Coepang in Timor by R. Brown in 1803 which agree exactly with Decaisne’s
description. Brown’s plant is extremely closely related to B. polycarpa, its
somewhat different bracts and denser racemes alone satisfactorily distinguishing
it from Dr. Wallich’s plant; it does not, supposing it to be B. timorana, in any
way recall or resemble B. racemosa.
Var. Kurzii Prain; leaves larger, 6 in. long, 8 in. across; pods
rather longer (3°5 in.) and broader (°5 in.) ; seeds about 10.
Pecu; Yomah, in high teak forest, Kurz 1783 bis!
This Mr. Kurz at first attributed to B. acwminata; its leaves much resemble
those of that species but its pods are extremely unlike and resemble, on a larger
scale, those of B. polycarpa to which Mr. Kurz has finally referred it. It appears to
the writer highly probable that it will turn out, when more fully represented, to be a
distinct species.
6. BAUHINIA MALABARICA Roxb.
The leaves of this species are not deeply bifid in any Calcutta specimen.
Bauhinia acida Reinw. (Flora xxxi. 578) does not differ even asavariety. This
species extends as far south as Tenasserim in the Eastern Peninsula, but has not as
yet been reported from the Andamans or from the Malay Peninsula; it recurs,
however, in Java and in Timor.
7/1. Bauurtyia tortuosa Coll. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii.
52, t.8; erect or semi-scandent, leaves 7-9-nerved, slightly cordate,
shallowly bifid, flowers in small dense lateral racemes, bracts small,
linear, pedicels a little longer than calyx, calyx-limb with broadly ovate
lobes ; style very short or 0.
Upper Burma; Koni, Collett 561! Prazev! Shan Hills; King’s
Collectors !
496 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
A small tree or subscandent bush. Leaves shortly petioled subcoriaceous, shortly
bilobed, lobes slightly angular at the apex, base cordate-rounded, broader than long,
15-2 in. across, glabrous above, tomentose beneath, the. nerves rusty as are the
petioles, the tomentum mixed with pellucid glands; petioles *38-45in. long. Racemes
small dense *75-1'25 in. long; flowers ‘5 in. across, pedicels rusty-tomentose ‘2 in.
Jong, bracts ‘1 in. long. Calyz-lobes rusty externally, broadly ovate-obtuse, spreading.
Petals subequal obovate-spathulate one-third longer than calyx-limb, white. Stamens
10 perfect, alternately short and long. Ovary subsessile, densely villous, 2-8-ovuled,
style almost absent. Pod dehiscent with woody valves, subfalcate, narrowed gradu-
ally to base, apex obligely acute, 2 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, glabrous and brown exter-
nally, rufous-tomentose within except opposite the 1-3 seeds, ovate, compressed,
°35 in, long, ‘25 in. across, their long axis set obliquely backwards across the pod ;
testa smooth, shining, reddish-brown.
Near B. malabarica Roxb., B. Faberi Oliv., and the next species.
7/2, BAUHINIA ENIGMATICA Prain; erect, leaves 11-13-nerved,
slightly cordate, shallowly bifid, flowers in small rather lax lateral
corymbs, bracts subulate, pedicels much longer than calyx, calyx-limb
with broadly triangular lobes ; style very short or none.
Urprer Burma; Maymyo, King’s Collector! Shan Hills at Fort
Stedman, King’s Collectors !
A small tree. Leaves shortly petioled, subcoriaceous, shortly 2-lobed, lobes
rounded, sinus wide, base cordate-rounded, broader than long, 4 in. across, glabrous
above, faintly puberulous beneath and pellucidly gland-dotted, petioles *75-1 in. long. —
Racemes corymbose 15-2 in, long; flowers ‘75 in. across, pedicels puberulous very
slender the lowest ‘5-6 in. long, bracts puberulous ‘25 in, long, subulate. Calya-
lobes puberulous, broadly ovate-acute, spreading. . Petals subequal oblanceolate-acute,
twice as long as calyx-limb, pale-yellow or white. Stamens 10, perfect subequal.
Ovary sessile, small, densely villous, 1-ovuled, style 0. Pod not seen.
At first the writer was inclined to consider this only a large leafed form of
B. tortuosa to which it is obviously closely related, but the longer more slender
pedicels, longer bracts, acute calyx-lobes and narrow pointed petals as well as the
solitary ovules, forbid this treatment.
8. BavHINIA FOVEOLATA Dalz.
Recently collected specimens from -Canara, sent by Mr. Talbot, are all
dicecious. They do not in any other respect appear to differ from B. Lawu Benth.
which name should therefore be sunk.
11. Bavurnia corniFouta Bak.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Matacca; Maingay 540! Perak ;
Kunstler 6261!
Add to description :— Pod oblong, woody, 4 in, long, 2 in. wide,
externally finely adpressed rusty-pubescent ; seeds about 4, much com-
pressed, 1 in. long, “7 in. across.
This species is extremely closely related to B. bidentata and differs chiefly in
having larger flowers, leaves slightly pubescent beneath, and glabrescent pods. The
character to be derived from the apex of the leaf, which is relied upon in separating
species 11, 12 and 18 of the F. B. I, from species 14, 15 and 16 of that work, is not to
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 497
be absolutely depended upon; in the three first, as the very large suites of spe-
cimens in Herb. Calcutta show, the leaves are often bifid, in the three last they
are as often entire at the tip.
12. Bavuainia: FINLAYSONIANA Grah.
Penance; Curtis 295! Perak; Kunstler 3589! Scortechini 247!
1463! Wray 2300!
Pods small black glabrous linear-oblong, 2 in. long, ‘6 in. across.
Bauhinia Kockiana Reinw. (Verh. Nat. Geschied. 87, t. 10) is very closely related
to this species and to B. cornifolia but is quite distinct from both. 1t resembles B.
Finlaysoniana in leaf and in pod, but differs in having a much longer calyx-tube, as in
B. cornifolia ; its pods and foliage, however, are quite unlike those of the latter
species.
13. Bavwrnta tuctpa Wall. Cat. 5779 A.
The F. B. I. has identified this with Bauhinia emarginata Jack, from Sumatra.
Dr. Wallich’s original note reads as follows :—“ Bauhinia emarginata Jack, in Malay
Miscel. App. 6. 75? Perhaps different by its long racemes which may render it a
new species (B. lucida Wall )”
Jack’s plant, by the original description, has more nerves (7-9) than the present
plant which has 5-7 only, has long pedicels, and has tomentose ovaries; it is there«
fore clear that the Sumatra plant in question is distinct from the present one. In
any case the use of the name B. emarginata should be avoided since it was already
employed for a Mexican species (B. emarginata Mill. Dict. ed. viii. n. 5) when J: ack’s
description was published.
Mr. Baker suggests that this may be B. cordifolia Roxb. and is not alone in this
belief, for specimens from Hort. Bogor. show that B. lucida is, or was, in cultivation
there under the name B. cordifolia. But Roxburgh’s description, though perhaps too
meagre to enable us to identify his plant, is sufficient to exclude the present one,
since B. cordifolia is described as being smooth in every part.
13/1. Bauninta Wravit Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 191;
leaf rather longer than broad, gradually acutely pointed, calyx very
small, limb as long as tube, petals broadly oblanceolate margin cre-
nulate-sinuate distinctly clawed.
Perak; Kunstler ! Scortechini! Wray ! Sunancor; Kunstler !
A shrubby cirrhose climber 15-80 feet long. Leaves flexible glabrous above,
glaucescent and sometimes sparsely pubescent on nerves beneath, 2-3 in. long
1:25-1°75 in. across, 5-nerved, base truncate, petiole ‘5-6 in. long. Flowers in dense
close-fid. terminal and axillary racemes 2°5-4 in. long, 2°5 in. across ; pedicels spread-
ing, 1°25 in. long, sparsely puberulous. Calyx glabrous, tube very slender cylindric
‘1 in. long, lobes *1 in. long spathulate. Petals pale-yellow or white becoming pink-
ish, ‘6 in. long, externally pubescent. Ovary glabrous stalked, style distinct. Pod
obovate to oblong-obtuse, stalk ‘2 in. long, 2-3 in. long, 1 in. across. Seeds 1-2,
rarely 3, broadly ovate much flattened, *5 in. long, ‘4 in., across.
A very distinct species apparently connecting the sections Phanera and
Lasiobema. It cannot be confounded with any other Indian species but comes
extremely: near a Bornean plant (Mottley 376 ; Haviland 95) which differs in having
cordate leaves, larger almost glabrous though similarly crenulated petals and quite
498 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
glabrous pedicels. It is not impossible that the Borneo plant may be the true
B. cordifolia Roxb., which came originally from the Moluccas.
14, BavHInia RETUSA Ham.
Add to localities of F, B. I.:—Nupst; Maries! Cuota Nacrur;
very common, 7’. Thomson! Kurz! Gamble! Wood! @. B. Clarke!
Prain!
15. BaAvHrniA INTEGRIFOLIA Rozb.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—Prrax; Prov. Wettestry and
PAHANG, very common. Distxis. Sumatra.
16. BavHINIA BIDENTATA Jack.
Add to description of F. B. I.:— Pod oblong woody, 4-5 in. long,
15 in. wide, externally quite glabrous, stipe ‘25 in. long. Seeds 4-5,
much compressed, ‘5 in. long, °35 in, wide.
Add to localities:—Psrrak; common. Setancor; Ridley ! Jouore ;
King! Hullett! Distrrs. Sumatra.
The Malacca specimens referred here in the F. B. I. agree with B. cornifolia
Bak. except in having bifid leaves with an extra pair of nerves; they have therefore
been referred to that species rather than to B. bidentata from which their pubescent
pods alone suffice to exclude them.
16/1. Bavurnta Kineu Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 189 ;
scandent, cirrhose, pubescence ferrugineous, calyx-tube equalling the
limb, ovary silky along the sutures, long stalked.
Perak; Scortechint! Wray! Setancor; Kelsall! Disrris. Borneo ?
Leaves deeply cordate, often slightly subpeltate, narrowed gradually to an
emarginate rarely entire often deeply 2-fid tip; nerves 5, pubescent beneath branch-
ing outwards; rigidly coriaceous, 3°5-4 in. long, 2°5-3 in. wide; shining above.
Flowers in lax lateral and terminal corymbs 3 in. long, 2°5 in. wide, sometimes
forming large loose leafy zigzag panicles 6 in. across, often over a foot long. Buds
pubescent; pedicels puberulous, the longest 1:26 in., spreading. Calyw-limb splitting
into subequal ovate very shortly acuminate lobes, ‘25 in. long, ‘2 in. across; tube
narrowly infundibuliform, *25 in. long. Petals subequal, bright-red (Wray), oblanceo-
late-obtuse, long-clawed, ‘8 in. long, ‘25 in. wide, externally rusty-pubescent. Ovary
pubescent along sutures, stalk ultimately ‘2 in. long, style ‘25 in. long, curved,
pubescent. Pod woody glabrous tapering to both ends, 2 in. long, ‘8 in. wide. Seeds
1-2, ovate, compressed, *3 in. long, ‘2 in. across.
A very distinct species. Beccarz n. 835, from Borneo, is perhaps the same.
16/2. Bavwinta Scortecuinut Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
188; leaf rather longer than broad, suddenly tapering in upper third
to a deeply 2-fid tip; calyx-limb as long as tube ; leaves densely-pubescent
beneath.
Perak ; Scortechini !
A cirrhose twiner with glabrescent branches. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 3°5-4 in.
long, 2-2°5 in. wide, 9- (rarely 7-) nerved, shallowly cordate or truncate. -Flowers in
short lax terminal racemes under 2 in. long, pedicels erecto-patent, lower not exceed-
1897. ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 499
ing °5 in., densely brown-tomentose like the calyx. Calyz-tube cylindric, ‘25 in. long,
limb ‘25 in., lobes ovate. Petals densely silky externally. Ovary tomentose, style
distinct. Pod not seen. é
Very nearly related to B. lucida Wall., but at once distinguished by its deeply
bifid leaves which are tomentose beneath, and by its shorter, few-flowered racemes.
18. Bavuinia Kurz Prain. (B. rosea Kurz, not Miq.)
Add to localities :—TrnassErim ; on Taepo, at 5000 feet, Gallatly !
When Mr. Kurz published his description of B. rosea in 1873 he overlooked the
fact that Dr. Miquel had already given the name (in 1844) to a quite different species
from Dutch Guiana.
19. Bavwinia RurFA Grahk. °
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—B. Vahlii Kurz, Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xlv. 2. 289; For. Flor. Brit. Burma, i. 401, not of W. & A.
Add to localities:—Prco; Hills Hast of Tounghoo, at 2000 feet,
Brandis! Tenasserim; near Moulmein, J. Anderson !
Calcutta Garden Collectors have also quite recently obtained it in
the Assam valley, as well as in Silhet. Sir Dietrich Brandis has noted
that the flowers are “ white, fragrant.”
Mr. Kurz reduced B. rufa to B. Vahlii, a somewhat unusual step to take seeing
that, if the two had been conspecific, B. rufa was the older and therefore the preferable
name. But as Mr. Baker has shown, the two species are perfectly distinct. B. Vahlir
has never been found in Burma: both occur in Assam so that the areas which the
two occupy overlap to some extent, but in a general sense B. rufa may be considered.
the eastern representative of the more widely distributed and much commoner B.
Vahlit.
21. Bavuinia semisiripa Lob.
Add to synonyms of F’. B. I.:—Bauhinia ferruginea var. excelsa
Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 283 not Phanera excelsa Bl. Phanera
sumatrana Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1078.
Add to localities:—SincaporE; very common. Distris. Sumatra;
Borneo.
It should be noted that the original examples of B, semibifida came from Suma-
tra. This plant is usually much confused in herbaria with B. ferruginea. The
species is not ecirrhose; the flowers, when the plant is grown so far north as Cal-
cutta, as a reference to Wallich’s specimens or to Roxburgh’s figure (reproduced by
Wight) will show, are somewhat smaller than when the specimens come from
Singapore, Sumatra or Borneo.
22. Bavunrnia MOLLIssiMA Wall.
Add to localities :—Prrak; very common. Kepan; Ridley! Mat-
acca; Maingay !
As this name is considerably older than the name B. elongata Korth, one or
other of our priority-hunters will be certain one of these days to propose its adoption ;
it may therefore be as well to alter it now. Butit is obviously very undesirable
that an insistance on the observation of this rule regarding priority should enable a
J; uo. 68
500 D. Prain—-Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
naked name like Wallich’s to displace the name given by Korthals along with a
fall description and an excellent plate. B. Pottsw G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 462 is much
better referred here than to B. ferruginea.
25. BaAvHINIA PIPERIFOLIA Roxb. Flor. Ind. ii. 327; Bak. in Flor.
Brit. ind. ii. 285. Phanera glabrifolia Benth. Pl. Jungh. 263. Bauhinia
glabrifolia Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 281 (as to description and as to syno-
nyms, but excluding the plant from Tenasserim). B. lucida Wall. Cut.
5779B, not 5779A.
Assam; Simons! Sttuet; fide Roxburgh.
It has been a standing puzzle for many years to Indian botanists why Mr.
Bentham, whose judgment, in all matters relating to Leguminosex, deserves per-
haps greater attention than that of any other author, should have decided that
the plant cultivated in the Calcutta garden as B. piperifolia could not be Roxburgh’s
plant. ‘Roxburgh’s description is extremely meagre it is true, but the only apparent
discrepancy lies in the number of nerves (given by Bentham as 4 for each lobe and
therefore 9 for the whole leaf, by Roxburgh as 5~7) and the shape of the leaves,
(given by Roxburgh as entire by Bentham as shortly bifid at the apex). These
are not really discrepancies ; the upper leaves on twigs are most usually 5-7-nerved
and entire; those below are most usually, though not always, 2-fid and 7-9-nerved.
One point which both Roxburgh’s and Bentham’s diagnoses omit to note is that the
leaves on root-shoots and on young plants may be completely 2-lobed to the very
base exactly as in a species of the section Lysiphyllum. The plant is not ecirrhose.
25/b. BavHINIA GLABRIFOLIA Bak, in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 281 excluding
description and synonyms; cirrhose, leaves 9-nerved, pubescence thin
grey, pedicels rather short, flowers small, calyx-tube turbinate, limb
rather exceeding the tube, petals little exserted. B. piperifolia Kurz,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 288 not of Roxb. B.anguina Kurz, Journ.
As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 288 not of Roxb. Phanera diptera, Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat.i. 70. Bauhinia diptera Bl. ea Mig. Anal. Ind. i. 12.
Prev; Kurz! Tenasserim; Helfer 1879! 1880! Prrax; Scorte-
chint 316! 1512! Wray 3960! Kunstler 4311! 4511! 6170! PEnane;
Curtis 801! 1541 !
Branchlets slender at first finely silky. Leaves shallowly to deeply cordate,
rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous shining above, moderately large, quite entire or with
2 acute lobes reaching 3~{ down; leaves on root shoots and on young plants quite
bilobed to the base (as in § Lysiphyllwm). Flowers in panicles of dense many-
flowered short-peduncled corymbs; bracts long lanceolate persistent; pedicels
slender ascending; never exceeding ‘5 in., usually only “8-35 in., clothed like calyx
with grey-silky pubescence. Calyz-tube ‘5 in.; bud globose; limb usually not fully
5-cleft. Petals obovate clawed, densely silky on the back. Ovary densely eK.
short-stalked ; style produced, stigma small.
This plant was considered by Mr. Kurz as well as by Mr. Baker to be the same
as B. piperifolia. An examination of Mr. Kurz’s specimens, which form the basis
of his descriptions in the Forest Flora and in his other papers, shows that what
he has treated as B. anguina is in every case the present species. B. anguina does
occur in Burma but all the specimens of that species have been treated by Mr.
e
1897,] D..Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 501
Kurz as B. macrostachya Wall! The present species is extremely closely related
to B. piperifolia but can be at once distinguished by its shorter pedicels, its much
larger bracts, and its pubescent ovaries.
“The name here adopted calls for explanation. This is evidently the same plant
as the species somewhat rashly described by Miquel (from leaf specimens only) as
Phanera diptera, which Miquel says had received from Blume the tentative MSS.
name Bauhinia diptera Bl. But these dipterous leaves occur only on seedlings and
root-shoots, and the name, being singularly inappropriate for the species as a whole,
is better neglected. The species described in the F. B. I. as B. glabrifolia is really
B. piperifolia Roxb. but as Mr. Baker has cited along with B. piperifolia specimens
of the present one under his B. glabrifolia, the latter name has been retained for
this: plant ; it must, however, be recollected that this is done to the complete exclu-
sion, of the plant described and the synonyms cited by Baker.
An incidental advantage of neglecting the name Bauhinia diptera Bl. is that it
becomes thus unnecessary to alter the name of a very distinct species from Upper
Burma described by Sir H. Collett and Mr. Hemsley as B. diptera, these authors
having for the moment overlooked the fact that their name was preoccupied.
30/1. Bavuinia TENUDIFLORA Waitt ex Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc.
xxv. 18; cirrhose, pubescence thin ferrugineous, leaves 9-nerved not cleft
to the middle, pedicels moderately long, calyx-limb very much shorter
than the much elongated cylindric tube, petals sparsely pubescent
externally. ;
Kuasta Hitts; Hooker and. Thomson. Naga Hitts; Watt 6915!
Manievur ; Clarke ! |
Leaves shortly bilobed, lobes obtuse, about 3 in. wide. Corymbs many-fld., rusty
tomentose, peduncles 1-2 in. long, pedicels rusty-pubescent the lowest 1°5 in. long.
Calyx-tube linear 1 in. long, lobes lanceolate °25 in. Petals white, margin wavy,
back sparsely pubescent ; ‘6 in. long, oblong, long-clawed. Fertile stamens 3, filaments
longer than petals, glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Pod 8-9 in. long, 1°75 in. wide, much
compressed, thin, glabrous. Seeds 15-20, oval, ‘5 in. long, *3 in. across.
| Very near B. corymbosa but with longer, less divided leaves and broader pods ;
also near B. glauca but with leaves less divided and calyx-tube very much longer.
30/2. Bavuinia piprera Coll. & Hemsl. Journ. Linn. Soc, xxviii.
53; cirrhose, glabrous, leaflets distinct, small, 3-4-nerved, pedicels long,
calyx-limb 2-3-lobed, longer than the cylindric tube, petals glabrous
exserted.
Burma; Shan hills, at Koni, Collett ! Prazer ! Ywangyen, Collett !
Branchlets slender glabrous; tendrils small few. Leaves very small and quite
2-lobed (as in § Lysiphyllum), leaflets sessile submembranous oval-elliptic “75-1 in.
long, rounded at both ends, rather pale beneath ; stipules minute early deciduous.
Flowers in lax subcorymbose 5-11-fld. racemes, lower pedicels “75 in. long, Calyzx-
lobes °35 in. long, apiculate, tube ‘25 in. long. Petals unequal narrowly spathulate,
margins wavy, longest ‘75 in. long. Stamens 3 fertile, filaments far exceeding the
corolla-lobes, 1°5 in. long. Ovary long-stalked, about 12-ovuled, glabrous, style °5 in.
long, stigma small. Pod 2°5 in. long, linear-oblong, ‘5 in. wide, glabrous, slightly
transversely impressed between the seeds, narrowed to an acute beak; stipe “3 in.
| D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
long. Seeds 8-10, much compressed, wide-ovate, 25 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, pale-brown,
testa shining.
A very distinct species not nearly related to any hitherto known form. The
name B. diptera is, as has already been explained under B. glubrifolia, preoccupied.
Owing, however, to its inapplicability to the more usual form of the species it was
intended to designate, the original name B. diptera Bl. should be allowed to lapse.
In the event, however, of our bibliographers being permitted to substitute the name
B. diptera Bl. for the name B. glabrifolia Bak., it will be necessary to use, instead
of B. diptera Coll. & Hemsl., the name B. Colletti for the present plant.
31. BAvHINIA FERRUGINEA Roab.
Delete both varieties ; also delete from the synonyms :— Korth. Nat.
Verh. Geschied. Bot. t. 23: B. Pottsii G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 462.
The only point wherein the F. B. I. description is inapplicable to the plant
described and figured by Roxburgh and issued by Wallich as B. ferruginea and again
described by Bentham as Phanera ferruginea, is as regards the length of the pedicels ;
these do not, even in fruit, reach half-an-inch in length. Korthal’s plant is certainly
not Wallich’s and Roxburgh’s and therefore is not B. ferruginea Roxb. As it happens,
it forms the basis of Phanera eacelsa Miq., which is quoted as a synonym of B.
ferruginea VAR. excelsa and is thus apparently accounted for in two places in the
F.B.I. As a matter of fact, however, the specimens from Malacca that form the
basis of VAR. excelsa do not belong to Phanera excelsa Miq. (B. excelsa B1.=B. ferruginea
Korth. not Roxb.) Nor do they belong to B. ferruginea; they have petals almost
glabrous externally and have long pedicels, and are the same as Phanera sumatrana
Miq. which, in turn, is identical with B. semibifida Roxb.
Bauhinia Pottsii G. Don, by its description cannot possibly be B. ferruginea
because of its having pubescent pods. There is nothing in Don’s short description
to separate it from B. mollissima Wall. (B. elongata Korth.) and it should be referred
as a synonym to that species.
31/1. Bavainta Ripugyi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 185;
cirrhose, pubescence very densely silky-ferrugineous, leaves 9-11-nerved
cleft one-third down, pedicels very short, calyx-limb 5-cleft rather
exceeding the ampullaeform tube, petals not exserted densely silky.
Perak; Scortechint ! Kunstler! Penana; Ridley! Curtis! JOHORE ;
King and Hullett /
Branchlets persistently tomentose. Leaves strigose above, densely tomentose
beneath, lobes subacute, 2°5-4 in. long. Flowers in very dense terminal corymbs,
2 in. long and broad; densely softly rusty-silky bracts large ovate. Calyx-tube ‘3 in.
long. Petals oblong obtuse. Stamens 3. Style stout ‘5 in. long. Pod unknown.
Near B. ferruginea but with denser pubescence and distinctly pubescent leaves ;
the very dense corymbs and short petals at once distinguish it from the other mem-
bers of its group.
31/2. BavsintA Grirritaiana Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2.
183; cirrhose, pubescence, bright-ferrugineous, leaves 9-l1-nerved cleft
one-third down, stipules large orbicular persistent, calyx-limb 5-cleft
rather exceeding the ampullaeform tube, petals exserted densely silky.
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 503
Phanera Griffithiana Benth. Pl. Jungh. 263. 3B. ferruginea var. Griffith-
jana Bak. in Flor. Brit, Ind. ii. 283.
Matacca; Griffith ! Maingay !.Hervey! Derry! Holmberg! Prax;
Scortechini ! Pauane; Ridley 2606!
Very nearly related to the trne B. ferruginea and differing mainly in having
large orbicular persistent stipules "75 in. across, in having yellow instead of white
flowers, and in having inflated instead of uniform fertile filaments.
31/3. Bavwinta Hutierrir Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2.
183 ; cirrhose, pubescence bright ferrugineous, leaves 9-11-nerved cleft
one-third down, stipules large, persistent, pedicels long, calyx-limb
5-cleft rather exceeding the ampullaeform tube, petals far exserted
densely silky.
Penane; Curtis! Scott! Kunstler! Perak; Wray! Matacca;
Holmberg !
Very nearly related to B. Griffithiana and with similar stipules which are
however smaller (only ‘5 in. across) and hirsute; the leaves are also persistently
pubescent and the corymbs are few-fld., the flowers are long-pedicelled (the pedicels
1-25-1°5 in. long), the calyx and petals rose-red.
32/1. BAavHINIA ALBO-LUTEA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
181; cirrhose, pubescence usually thin, rusty, leaves 9-1l-nerved cleft
one-third down, pedicels long, calyx-limb 5-cleft rather exceeding the
ampullaeform tube, petals exserted glabrous except for a few hairs
on the midrib externally. 3B. ferruginea Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xiv. 2. 128 and 289, not of Roxb. Phanera albo-lutea Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. i. 1079.
Burma; Pegu, Kurz 1680! Tenasserim, Gallatly! Nicopars; Great
Nicobar, Jelinek ! Disrris. Sumatra.
A slender shrubby climber, tendrils circinate glabrous. Leaves rigidly subcoria-
ceous, cordate, 2°5-4 in. long, lobes subacute, glabrous above, persistently puberulous
to pubescent beneath; stipules persistent rather large. Flowers in terminal corymbs,
3-4 in. long, lax-fld., pedicels 1°5-1°75 in. long; bracts lanceolate deciduous. Calyz-
tube *4 in. long, sepals narrowly lanceolate coriaceous, distinct. Petals oblanceolate
subacute clawed. Stamens 3. Ovary sparsely puberulous, style long slender glab-:
rous, tiigma rather small. Pod thin, oblong, glabrous, woody. Seeds 2.
Resembles B. nervosa in foliage and stipules and B. semibifida in petals.
36. Bauutnia ancuina Road.
Leaves thin glabrous beneath, ovary glabrous, pod short oval
- ]-2-seeded, glabrous ; calyx-tube very short, limb 5-fid.
36/1. Bauuinia Cuampionit Benth., Fl. Hong-Kong. 99; leaves thin
adpressed-pubescent beneath ; ovary pubescent, pod oblong, 3-5-seeded,
glabrescent ; calyx-tube very short, limb 5-fid.
Sikkim; Tista Valley, common, King! Kurz! ete. Assam; Brahma-
kund, Musters! Disrris. China.
504 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
A woody climber, branchlets hoary-pubescent. Leaves broadly cordate, 5~-7-
nerved, 2°5—4 in. long, 2-38 in. broad, upper leaves often entire, the others divided at
the tip into two broad obtuse or deltoid lobes. Racemes paniculate at end of branches,
rarely simple; bracts minute linear; pedicels 35 in. Calyw-tube very short, lobes
linear-lanceolate ‘24 in. long. Petals white similar oblanceolate, ‘25 in. long, sparsely
pubescent externally. Stamens 3 fertile, ‘4 in. long. Pod 3 in. long, 1 in, wide;
stipe ‘2 in. long.
Mr. Bentham refers this to § Phanera, but its floral structure is exactly that of
§ Lasiobema; indeed, it is only the presence of the very different pods that makes
its specific separation from B. (Lasiobema) anguina possible.
36/2. Bavutnia Curtis Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.195;
leaves thin glabrous beneath ; ovary glabrous; pod oblong, 3-5-seeded,
glabrous, calyx-tube very short, limb 5-fid.
Kerpau ; Curtis 1682! 2619!
A woody climber, branchlets very faintly puberulous. Leaves ovate-oblong, 5-7-
nerved, 2°5—4 in. long, 2—2°5 in. wide, upper sometimes entire, the others divided at
the tip into two short slightly diverging deltoid lobes. Racemes simple or paniculate
at end of branches, bracts minute linear; pedicels *5 in. Calywx-tube very short,
lobes ovate-lanceolate, ‘15 in. long. Petals white similar spathulate, clawed, gla-
brous, ‘25 in. long. Stamens 3 fertile, ‘35 in. long. Pod 2°5 in. long, ‘75 in. wide;
stipe ‘1 in. long.
Very near B. Championii Benth., but with longer pedicels, smaller buds, shorter
“calyx-lobes, and much shorter stipe to ovary and pod. The ovary too is quite
glabrous as are the leaves beneath.
36/3. BAUHINIA STRYCHNOIDEA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.
195 ; leaves thickly coriaceous quite glabrous polished shining; pod
broadly oblong 2—4-seeded, densely pubescent, calyx-tube very short,
limb large campanulate entire truncate with 5 minute projections on
margin.
Perak; Scortechint! Kunstler! Sutancor ; Kwala Lampar, Kelsall !
A woody climber 50-60 feet long; branches glabrous. Leaves ovate-acute,
5-nerved, the inner pair almost as strong as the pinnately branching midrib and often
partly conjoined with its base; 3°5 in. long, 2 in. wide. Racemes simple or paniculate
at end of branches, bracts minute linear, pedicels ‘75 in. Calya-tube very. short,
limb entire wide-campanulate, ‘2 in. long and broad. Petals red, the upper ovate
slightly longer than the rest, the others spathulate obtuse, ‘35 in. long, all quite gl#brous
externally, slightly puberulous on midrib within. Stamens 3 fertile not exserted.
Pod 4-6 in. long, 2 in. wide, densely pubescent externally. » Seeds ovate, compressed,
1 in. long; ‘6 in. wide, dark-brown.
This very remarkable species at first sight seems to deserve being treated as the
type of a new section because of its curiously veined leaves, which have the
nervation of a Strychnos rather than of a Bauhinia; its cupular entire calyx-limb
is also quite different from that of any other Indian species of the genus. But
the facies is so completely that of a thick-leaved Lasiobema that it is no doubt better
to incorporate it in that section. Mr. Bentham in the Genera Plantarum has res-
tricted to Lasiobema a solitary species, B. anguina; the species B. Championu is,
however, so obviously a member of the same group, in spite of its longer pods, that
1897. } D. Prain—- Some additional Leguminose. 505
the writer without hesitation has widened the limits of the section so as to admit it.
When B. Championii and the allied B. Curtisii are included there is nothing in the
pods of B. strychnoidea to warrant its exclusion; the only differential character
left. is the entire calyx-limb, and that taken by itself seems barely sufficient to
warrant the establishment of a new section. ;
$7. BAauHINIA MONANDRA Kurz.
The oldest name for this species is B. Richardiana Wall. in Voigt. Hoft. Suburb.
255 (1845) not of DC. The original B. Richardiana DC. (Prodr. ii. 517) from Guiana,
which Dr. Wallich seems for the moment to have overlooked, has cordate entire
leaves and therefore, though it is in other respects a doubtful species, cannot be this
plant.
That this species is not (as Mr. Kurz and Mr. Baker have treated it) a native of
India is beyond dispute ; what its original country may be is, however, somewhat
doubtful. The history of its introduction may be best given by transcribing verba-
tim the passage in Dr. Wallich’s MSS. Catalogue of the Calcutta Garden (Vol. i, p.
542), whence Voigt obtained the name. This passage runs as follows :—
“Bauhinia Richardiana Wall. ‘A tree.’ No doubt a distinct species, with
“large round-cordate two-lobed leaves smooth except a little pubescence on the nerves
“and veins on the glaucous under surface, opaque above; 138-nerved; petioles
“shortish ; stipules lanceolate very small, as well as the young parts a little villous.
“Tt is now (see date) in flower and a most beautiful plant. It is of the section
““ Casparea ; large ovate, pointed, shortish but distinctly clawed pale-pink petals with
“crispate margins and with very conspicuous darker-coloured dots; lip crimson and
“spotted within, oblong and slightly three-lobed, channelled and pubescent at the
“margins below.
“Madagascar; Mons. Richard, 16 May, 1840; germinated, 21st, same month ;
“ August 22, 1841, it flowered; pod ripened, 6th December, 1841.” —
The time between receipt of seed and flowering seems remarkably short !
The subsequent history of the species in India may be briefly given. Specimens
in the Calcutta Herbarium show that about 1855 it had become confused in the Royal
Botanic Garden with Bauhinia (Phanera) variegata; and in the Serampore garden
(though not in the Calcutta one) with Bauhinia aurantiaca, a species with 6 fertile
stamens, which was first sent to India from the western shores of Madagascar by
M. Gereve in !835 and was again sent along with our present plant by M. Richard
on 16th May, 1840, on that occasion flowering on the 22nd March, 1841.
It had also found its way to Southern and to Western India; the gardeners in
Madras confuse it to this day with B. variegata; those of Bombay had examined it
more tlosely, for specimens from the herbaria of Stocks and of Dalzell are named
B. latifolia. They have thus placed it in the true section, since B. latifolia Cav. is a
Casparea; an examination of Cavanille’s original figure shows, however, that this is
quite distinct from his plant.
At present the species geems to have altogether disappeared from gardens in
Bengal, but it lingers in Martaban; doubtless, judging from Kurz’s two quoted names
(Shway-doh, and Shway-ton), in temple gardens. It has also been recently sent from
Poona and from Chittagong.
It would be interesting to learn if the species be really a native of Madagascar
or if it had been originally introduced to that island from elsewhere. The writer has
failed to trace it in any work dealing either with African or American botany : one
thing only is quite certain—it is not a native of India or of South-Easter n Asia at all
506 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
122. PARKIA R. Br.
2b. Parxra speciosa Hassk. Flora xxv. 2, Beibl, 55; gland of petiole
solitary, leaflets linear-ligulate, 50-70 to a pinna, obtuse at the tip.
Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 289; Pl. Juv. Rar. 414; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i.
53. P. macrocarpa Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 284, Acacia graveolens
Jack, Mal. Mise. ii. 7. 78. !
Penane; cult., Curtis! Perak; Thaiping, Scortechint! Larut,
Kunstler! Distris. Sumatra; Java, cult. (Hasskarl !)
A tree 80-100 feet high. Leaf-rachis 8-10 in. long, pubescent; pinnz sub-
alternate, 10-16 pairs, leaflets 50-70, ‘25 in. long, ‘1 in. wide, the secondary veins
as well as the midrib distinct beneath. Peduncle 16-20 in., flowers in clavate heads
2 in. long, °75 in. in diam. Calyx ‘25 in. long; tube cylindric. glabrous; lobes pilose.
Pod 18-20 in. long, 2-2°5 in. wide, narrowed into a stalk 2-5 in. long.
A very distinct species ; the Pete or Pethek of the Malays. *
| 125. MIMOSA Linn.*
1. Mimosa pupica Linn.
In this species, the stamens are always 4 in number, t.e. equal to and not, as
the F. B. I. implies, twice the number of the petals.
126. ACROCARPUS W. & A.
1. ACROCARPUS FRAXINIFOLIUS Wight.
Add to localities of F. B. [.:—Cuitracone ; Lister! Puau; Kurz!
12 et CAC LA, Wruip,
2. Acacta pLaniFrons W. & A.
To this Mr. Baker has reduced A. Roxburghii W. & A. Wight and Arnott based
their species on Roxburgh’s figure of the tree he took to be A. ebwrnea, which cer-
tainly is not that species. Unless Dr. Roxburgh made a mistake in his drawing, a
thing that is highly improbable, the F. B. I. reduction is clearly impossible, for A.
planifrons has a terete pod and A. Rowburghit has a flat one. There are, as a
matter of fact, two species that have been frequently reported from Southern India
to the Calcutta Herbarium under the name A. planifrons; these are certainly exceed-
ingly similar, still they can be separated by their leaves alone. The first, which
has terete pods, has leaflets exactly like those of the types of A. planifrons W. & A.
The second, which has leaflets exactly like those of Roxburgh’s figure of “ Mimosa
eburnea,” has never yet been reported in fruit; till its pods are available, the difficulty
as regards these two forms cannot be satisfactorily settled.
6b. AcacrA Kineu Prain; pinne short, crowded, 18-20, leaflets
22-28, heads axillary; pedicels with a whorl of bractlets.
Saan Hints; King’s Collector !
* Mimosa niamensis Roxb. is given in the Index Kewensis as an altogether
doubtful synonym. By a lapsus calami the species is said to be African; it was
from America, Roxburgh states, that the plant was received (Hort. Beng. 41) and
the plant cultivated under this name in Hort. Calcutta has always been a form, hardly
a variety, of Desmanthus brachylobus (Mimosa brachyloba), which was also received
by Roxburgh from that continent.
1897.] D. Prain—- Some additional Leguminose. 507
A tree 30-40 feet high, with slender black slightly zig-zag glabrescent branches.
Spines stipular only, very small and weak, always under ‘2 in. long. Leaf-rachis
sparsely pubescent, 2-3 in. long with a large flat petiolar gland just below the first
pair of pinnz; pinnz 1 in. long, leaflets ovate-oblong crowded, ‘2 in. long, ‘1 in.
across, subcoriaceous, Pedwncles crowded in the axils of full grown leaves, °75 in.
long, with ring of bracts above the middle. Heads ‘4 in. in diam. Calyx campanu-
late minute. Corolla thrice the calyx, teeth short subacute. Staminal-tube much
shorter than that of corolla.
This species and the next are somewhat unlike any of the other Indian
Acacias. The flower-head are exactly those of species of Acacia of the Farne-
siana or the arabica groups, but the connate filaments suggest that they are not
Acacias. They do not bear much resemblance to amy of the Albizzias or Pithecolo-
biums ; in foliage, however, both plants recall some of the American species of
Calliandra. The amount of union of filaments is not in the present plant very great,
the staminal tube being hardly longer than the stipe of the ovary and, had there been
no other to deal with, the writer would have felt but few misgivings about referring
it to Acacia.
6c. Acacia P InopINATA Prain; pinnee long, distant, 12-14, leaf-
lets 20-22, heads in lax panicles ; pedicels with a whorl of bracts.
Suan Hiuts ; King’s Collector !
A tree ? with slender black straight glabrous branches. Spines 0. Leaf-rachis
glabrous, 8-10 in. long, with two large flat petiolar glands below the bases of the
2 distal pairs of pinnze; pinnz 2 in. long; leaflets linear-oblong, ‘35 in. long, ‘15 in.
wide, subcoriaceous. Peduwncles in fascicles of 3-4, on the branches of a lax, twice
branching terminal panicle 1-1°5 feet long, secondary branches 6-8 in. long, tertiary
branches 3 in. long, pedicels °6 in. long, slender, puberulous, with a ring of bracts just
below the middle. Heads ‘4 in. in diam. Calyx campanulate minute. Corolla
thrice the calyx-teeth, short subacute. Staminal tube almost equalling that of
corolla.
A remarkable plant, evidently congeneric with and nearly related to the last
species, but at the same time very distinct by reason of its staminal tube, formed by
the more or less regular union of the filaments throughout their lower two-thirds to
three-fourths. The writer was at first inclined to treat these two plants tentatively
as Calliandras and indeed issued specimens as such. His friends on the Kew staff,
however, suggest that both should be treated as Acacias ; in deference to their opinion
this course is here adopted; it will be noted that the location of the present plant in
Acacia violates the one character on which the existence, not merely of the genus
Acacia, but of the tribe Acacieae depends.
7. ACACIA LEUCOPHLOEA Willd.
Under var. microcephala (Grah.), Mr. Baker places both A. microcephala Wall.
Cat. 5263 and A. densa Wall. Cat. 5262. The last mentioned is a form that is of
frequent occurrence in the Shan Hills, it has fruits exactly like typical A. lewcophloea
and the writer agrees with Mr. Baker in reducing it to Willdenow’s species.
A. microcephala Grah., however, has very different pods, never under 5 in. long or
*5 in. wide and always glabrous; it is therefore, in the writer’s opinion, not only
necessary to distinguish it from A. lewcophloea VAR. densa, but preferable to consider
it, as Graham did, a distinct species.
J. WU. 64
508 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
8. Acacia Suma Buch.-Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5227 C.; Voigt, Hort.
Suburb. 260; Kurz ex Brand. For. Fl. 187.
Why Kurz should be quoted as the authority for this species is not clear;
he himself (see For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 421) attributes the authorship to Buchanan-
Hamilton. The Index Kewensis gives the citation in such a manner as to make it
appear that A. Swma Ham. and A. Suma Kurz are different plants; it permits the
latter to stand and reduces the former to A. Swndra. However, the citation in the
Index shows that it is “A. Suwndra Wall.,” not A. Sundra DC. to which A. Suma
Ham. is equivalent, and as it immediately afterwards reduces “A Sundra Wall.” to
A. Suma, the Inde corrects itself. Obviously, however, the authority to be cited is
Hamilton, not Kurz. .
Mr. Baker’s diagnosis of the species is very effective and settles once for all
the identity and the specific rank of ‘‘ Suma” as opposed to what may be termed
the “ Khairs.”
9, ACACIA Catrecuu Willd.
10. Acacta Sunpra DC.
There has always been some difficulty in deciding how many different forms of
Kutch or Khair occur in India. Wight and Arnott seem to recognise only two, A.
Catechu and A. Sundra. But their A. Catechu is A. Suma (the true A. Catechw apparent-
ly does not occur in South India at all, and there are certainly no specimens of it
in Wight’s herbarium); Suma is not a Khair, so that in reality Wight and Arnott only
deal with one Khair. A. Suma, as Mr. Baker has clearly shown, cannot be confused
with any of the “Khairs;” it has white bark and white flowers, and has petals
hardly longer than the downy calyx ; it may then be once for all definitely separated
from the others.
Of these others Roxburgh recognised three, A. Catechu, A. catechuoides, and A.
Sundra; Baker, reducing A. catechuoides to A. Catechu and retaining A. Sundra as
a species, recognises two; Kurz (For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 422), recognises but one
species, A. Catechu, though he divides it into two varieties which he terms Catechu
proper and Sundra; these varieties correspond exactly to the two species given by
Mr. Baker, for under Catechu proper Kurz mixes the A. Catechu and the A. catechwoides
of Roxburgh. That Roxburgh was right is, however, very apparent when large suites
of specimens, such as are preserved in the Calcutta Herbarium, are available for
study. There are three equally distinct and very easily separable forms, exactly as
Roxburgh pointed out, and though the writer, following Kurz, is only able to see in
them different forms of one species, or at most three species of secondary rank, he
is quite satisfied that all three are entitled to equal consideration.
The diagnosis of these forms is as follows :—
Bark white, calyx downy, not much shorter than
petals ... 1 ine Be 1. A. Suma Ham.
Bark brown, calyx less than half as long as
petals ... ia 2. A. Catechw Willd.: Kurz.
a. Calyx, petals and rachis covered with spreading hairs (=A. Catechu Willd).
b. Calyx and petals glabrous, rachis puberulous (= A. catechuoides Bth).
c. Calyx, petals and rachis all glabrous (=A. Sundra DC).
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 509
The distribution of the “Suma” and the three “Khairs” is as
follows :—
Acacia Suma Ham.
Sovura Inp1a; very common everywhere on the eastern side of the
Peninsula from the Carnatic and Mysore to Orissa and Behar; (never
reported as yet from Central India, the Western Deccan, the Concan,
Rajputana, or the Panjab.) . Assam ; very common in the Brahmaputra
Valley and also in Silhet ; (never recorded from Burma. )
Acacia Carscuu Willd.
NortTHERN PansaB; Hooshiarpur, Attchison ! Norra West Himataya,
up to 3,000 feet; from Hazara, Stewart 400 bis! to Kangra, Clarke
24641! Sirmoor, Vicary! Simla, Griffith! Garhwal, at Srinagar,
Thomson! on the Mussoorie range, King! Centrat Inp1a; Saungor,
Vicary! Goona, King! Gwalior, Maries! Bruar; common; Hooker !
Clarke 17311! Kurz! Gamble 8887! Prain! Gansam; Gamble, 13810!
13983! Burma; Pegu, very rare, Kurz! (This has never been reported
from Rajputana, from the Concan, or from the Deccan; on the Eastern
side of the Peninsula it has never been found south of Ganjam; it has
never been found in the Eastern Himalaya or in Assam; in Burma it has
only been found in Pegu; Kurz notes its name there as “ Sha.” )
ACACIA CATECHUOIDES Benth.
Beneat ; at Morung and Bangka, near Monghir, Hamilton (in Wall.
Cat. 5228 B)! Pabna, among village bushes, Kurz! Sixxim Tera;
Hooker! Gamble 4084! Clarke 26522! Heawood 28! Assam; common,
Grifith 1918! Jenkins! Masters! Simons! Burma; Irrawaday Valley,
Wallich 5228 D! Pegu, Hyre! Kurz 1749! 2580! 2581! Amarapura,
King’s Collector! (Though apparently quite common in Pegu and
Prome this has neither been collected in the Shan Hills nor in Upper
Burma to the north of Ava). TEnasserIm; Tavoy, Gomez (Wall. Cat.
5228E) ; (this last is only in fruit and it is a little doubtful if it be
A. catechuoides).
Acacta Sunpra DC.
Sours Inp1a; very common from Coimbatore northwards to the
Deccan, equally common in Kanara and the Concan. Katrtiwar; at
Rajkote, McNaghten! Raspurana; Mt. Abu, King! Burma; Segain,
Wallich! Mandalay, J. Anderson! Meiktila, Collett 854! Shan Hills,
common. (This species in India has never been reported from Orissa,
Central India, Behar or from any locality to the east of these areas;
_ in Burma, where it recurs, it seems to be common to the north and east
of Pegu and Prome, but has never been recorded from either of these
districts. )
This record of distribution, which is based on an examination of over 100 gather-
510 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [ No. 2,
ings, shows that the 3 forms of “ Khair” hardly overlap but appear rather to be
representative one of another in tolerably well-defined areas. The fact that A. Sun-
dra should fill the area to the south-west of that occupied by A. Catechw and should
again recur in an indistinguishable form to the east of that occupied by A.
catechuoides is perhaps as good a proof as any that all three are but manifestations
of one species. It is interesting to note that the area occupied by A. Suma crosses
that occupied by this amplified A. Catechu almost at right angles, and that though it
is in Mysore intimately associated with A. Sundra,in Orissa and Behar with A.
Catechu proper, and in Assam with <A. catechwoides, it nowhere shows the least
tendency to pass into any of these forms. In this, the writer believes, we have
a very strong confirmation of the justice of Mr. Baker’s treatment as opposed to
that of Dr. Wight.
12. Acacita SenecaL Willd,
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—
RaJPUTANA; very common everywhere, King! Brandis! Moir!
Duthie! PansaB; at Rhotak, Bailey !
17, Acacia Ints1a Willd.
The writer quite thinks with Mr. Baker that A. owyphylla Grah. is only a variety
of A. Intsia.
A. Caesia, however, the writer agrees with Wight and Arnott and with Kurz in
keeping separate. The crowded leaflets, always hairy beneath, make it very easy
to recognise A. Caesia, even in the herbarium, and apart from the fact that its
general facies is quite different from that of A. Intsia and that no one dreams of
confounding the two as they grow. But A. psewdo-Intsia, referred to A. Caesia in the
F. B. I., is a very distinct species that, though resembling A. Caesia in externals, is
in reality more nearly allied to A. pennata than it is either to A. Intsia or to A.
Caesia.
18. Acacia PeENNATA Willd.
1. VAR. canescens seems certainly a distinct species, easily separated from A.
pennata by its longer pedicels and its pale, differently shaped pods. Very nearly
related to this is another form from Burma, like A. canescens Grah. in other respects
but with rather larger leaflets and with much larger pods; they have, however, the
slightly thickened sutures that are found in the pods of true A. canescens. This
large fruited form must be known as A. pennata VAR. macrocarpa or A. canescens
VAR. macrocarpa according to the view that is adopted regarding A. canescens.
Typical A. canescens is common in Burma and also occurs frequently in Western
India from Canara to Travancore ; it appears never to have been collected in India
to the east of the Western Ghauts.
2. Var. arrophula also appears to the writer to deserve specific rank. The
stipular gland is, however, quite the same as in true A. pennata and there are
some specimens regarding which it is not easy to decide in the herbarium whether
they should be referred to VAR. typica or to VAR. arrophula. The most satisfactory’
diagnostic characters seem to be the pubescent rachis never prickly beneath (typical
A. pennata) and the glabrous rachis prickly beneath (A. arrophula Don.), but some-
times the rachis in A. arrophula is pubescent and prickly, sometimes glabrous and
unarmed. No one could possibly confound the two in the field.
3. Var. pluricapitata would also certainly be better considered a distinct
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. | 511
species. The petiolar gland is totally unlike that of typical A. pennata or that of A.
arrophula.
19, Acacia pRUINEScENS Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 298 ;
For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 424; pinne 16-30, leaflets 80-120, rigidly
coriaceous dimidiate-linear densely crowded, bracts large lanceolate ;
branches and branchlets usually covered with a waxy bloom.
Assam; Talap, Lakhimpur, G, Gammie 160! Manipur; Noung
Shong Khong, Watt 6266! Burma; Hukung Valley, Griffith 1930!
Poneshee, J. Anderson! Pegu, Yomah, Kurz 1744! (the last with rather
larger leaflets and without bloom.)
A large woody climber, armed with recurved thorns, stems thick, the young
branches almost always pruinose ; leaves up to 10 in. long, petiole short with a very
large gland 1 in. above the base ; leaflets sessile, up to ‘5 in. long, blunt, glabrous or
with ciliate margins; heads ‘5 in. across, ovary glabrous. Pod unknown.
A very distinct species; the Pegu specimen above mentioned has been named
var. laevis by Mr. Kurz and seems deserving of varietal rank. The pods described
by Mr. Kurz as those of his plant belong, however, as his specimens show, to the
quite different plant which must be treated as vAR. macrocarpa of A. canescens Grah.,
(A. pennata VaR. canescens Baker.)
20. Acacia psevDO-Ints1a Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 12; pinne 12-16,
leaflets 40-60 ligulate-oblong, rigidly subcoriaceous crowded, apex
rounded not cusped, bracts large ovate-acute. Prain, Journ. As. Soe.
Beng. \xvi. 2. 249.
Var. typica; leaflets minutely adpressed-puberulous beneath.
Singapore ; Hullett 835! Ridley 3631! 6177! Disrris. Sumatra,
Java.
Var. ambigua Prain, loc. cit. ; leaflets quite glabrous beneath.
ANDAMANS; very common.
Prickles numerous, short, straight or recurved. © Branchlets and leaf-rachises
faintly puberulous, the latter with a very large gland near base of petiole and with
2-3 similar but smaller glands between the bases of the distal pairs of pinnz. Pinne
3-4 in. long; leaflets subcoriaceous ‘5 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, dark-green above, grey
beneath, quite glabrous above, faintly adpressed-puberulous beneath in VAR. typica,
glabrous beneath in var. ambigua. Pedwncles 2-4-nate very rarely solitary, ‘5 in.
long (in type) to ‘75 in. long (in vaR. ambigua), bracts large ovate-acute, puberulous
or (VAR. ambigua) glabrous; heads yellow, ‘4 in. in diam. Corolla yellow. Pod not
seen.
A distinct species, much resembling in externals dA. Intsia and A. Czxsia but
easily distinguished from both by its much larger bracts.
128. ALBIZZIA Duvurazz.
1b. Axpizz1a Katxora Prain; leaflets 24-32, obtuse, heads not
panicled, calyx pedicellate funnel-shaped. Mimosa Kalkora Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 40; Flor. Ind. ii. 547. Albizzia Lebbek Forbes § Hemsl.. Ind.
Sinens. i. 216 in part, not of Benth.
512 D. Prain —Some additional Leguminose, [No. 2,
Knasta Hitxts; 3-4000 feet, Mann 388! Naaa Hits; Giesseliere !
Disrris. S. China (Henry 6203).
A tall tree without prickles. Leaves glabrous with large gland near base of
petiole and another between bases of last pair of pinnee; pinnew 6-12 (rarely 4),
leaflets short-stalked rigidly subcoriaceous, main-nerve parallel with and slightly
nearer the upper margin, 1-1'5 in. long, glabrous. Heads many-fld., peduncles 1-3
in axils of upper leaves, slightly puberulous, 2-2°5 in. long. Calyw ‘15 in., faintly
puberulous. Corolla yellowish, silky externally, teeth long lanceolate. Stamens pink.
Pod strap-shaped, firm, dark-brown, 6 in. long, 1 in. wide, 6-10-seeded, with a stalk |
35 in. long.
Nearest to A. Lebbek; the long ee pod is, however, alone sufficient to sepa-
rate it.
le. ALBIZZIA LITTORALIS Teysm. §& Rinnend, Nat. Tijds. Ned.-Ind.
xxix. 259 ; leaflets 6-8, obtuse; heads in a terminal corymbose panicle,
calyx pedicellate funnel-shaped. Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 129;
Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 257.
PENANG ; Pulo J ungah, Curtis ! NicoBars ; common, Jelinek ! King’s
Collectors ! Distr1B. Malay Archipelago.
An unarmed tree 30-40 feet high. Leaves with glabrous rachis, with a large
sessile gland near its base; pinnz 4-8, leaflets subsessile submembranous oblique,
“75-1'25 in. long, pale-green glabrous above, glaucescent faintly puberulous beneath.
Heads few- da., peduncles short slender, the longest 1°5 in., corymbose on branches
1-3 in. long which are themselves corymbosely panicled. Calyx ‘1 in. long, hardly
toothed, pubescent. Corolla white, twice the calyx, the teeth ovate lanceolate,
uniformly densely silky outside. Stamens pink. Pod strap-shaped, firm, greenish-
brown, dull, tapering to both ends, 6-7 in. long, 1 in. wide, 12-16-seeded.
2. ALBIZZIA PEDICELLATA Baker.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:—
Perak; common, Kunstler 4474! 7988! 10436! Prnana; Ourtis
1921! Srineapore; Ridley 6297!
2b. ihe ELEGANS Kurz, Pegu Rep. App. B. 47; leaflets 40-50,
acute; few-fid. heads not panicled, calyx pedicellate, funnel-shaped.
Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 299; For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 427.
A. lebbekoides Kurz, ex Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 299 not of Benth.
Burma; Pegu; Bookee ridges and on banks of Swa-choung, Kurz!
no locality, Wallich ! Dis1r1s. Bangka.
An evergreen tree without prickles, 80-100 feet high. Leaves with pabpaiiete
rachis with a large gland far above the base; pinnz 14-28; leaflets sessile, sub-
falcate, membranous acute glabrous, ‘6 in. long, ‘2 in. wide, main nerve almost
median. Heads many-flowered, peduncles puberulous ‘5-"75 in. long, 2-4 together
in axils of upper leaves. Calyx ‘1 in., rather shorter than the puberulous pedicels,
teeth very short. Corolla twice the calyx, externally pubescent. Pod unknown.
Mr. Kurz adopted the unusual course of describing this species without having
seen either flowers or fruit. There was, however, a flowering example of the same
plant in the Calcutta Herbarium, collected by Dr. Wallich, perhaps in Burma
1897. | D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 513
though the exact locality is not noted; this specimen Mr. Kurz seems to have over-
looked. Dr. Wallich’s specimen shows that A. elegans is not at all nearly related, as
Kurz suggests, to A. stipulata, but that its true affinity is with A. pedicellata Bak.
3b. A.BizziA LEBBEKOIDES Benth. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. 89 ;
leaflets 50-60 sessile obtuse very oblique, heads copiously panicled,
calyx sessile minute campauulate, corolla-tube much narrower and
leaflets much smaller than in A. odoratissima. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat.
i. 23. Acacia lebbekoides DC. Prodr. ii. 467.
Burma; very common. Disrris. Siam (Teysmann) ; Java.
A medium-sized tree, 30-50 feet high. Leaf-rachis glabrous or pubescent, with
a gland far above the base and 2 or more between bases of distal pinne; pinne
8-12; leaflets obliquely oblong, articulated on the rachis, coriaceous shining dark-
green above, paler, not glaucous beneath, °35 in. long, ‘15 in. wide, the midrib parallel
with the upper edge and shortly removed from it. Heads small few-flowered very
numerous, arranged as in A. odoratissima. Calyx asin A. odoratissima. Corolla very
narrowly tubular. Pod firm flexible smooth glossy, 6-8 in. long, 1 in. wide, 8-12-
seeded.
This is certainly, as Mr. Baker points out, very nearly related to A. odoratissima
but is quite distinct by reason of its more numerous small leaflets and its narrower
corolla. The name is most unfortunate, for the species bears very little resemblance
to A. Lebbek. Though quite common in Burma, Mr. Kurz did not collect it there,
and the species mentioned under that name on Kurz’ authority in F. B. I. ii. 299 is
the tree afterwards published as A. elegans Kurz.
4. ALBIZZIA PROCERA Benth.
Var. elata Bak. is not separable as a variety. It is distinguished by having
smaller leaflets less oblique at the base than in the type. Leaves with leaflets
of this shape are common in A. procera but they are not smaller than in typical
A. procera. It is true that in Roxburgh’s original coloured drawing of “ Mimosa
elata”’ the leaflets are shown small, but then Roxburgh has himself written on this
drawing :—“ Mimosa elata considerably less than natural size.” A more serious
objection to the recognition of a VAR. elata, as apart from A. procera, is the fact
that leaves with leaflets of both kinds, and consequently that both “ varieties,” may
be collected from different parts of the same tree.
The chief necessity for pointing out the non-existence of vAR. elata is the fact
that, from omitting to attend to Roxburgh’s MSS. note on the drawing, Mr. Kurz
and others have taken A. Millettii to be Roxburgh’s Mimosa elata. The spurred
pulvinus of A. Millettii, however, at once separates it from Roxburgh’s plant.
5b. ABizzis GAMBLEI Prain; leaflets of distal pinnz 10-14 sub-
acute or acute, heads panicled, calyx campanulate, shortly pedicelled,
A. Lebbek Gamble, Trees, Shrubs, etc., of Darjeeling Dist., 33 not of
Benth. A. procera C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 18 not of Benth.
Eastern Himataya ; Sikkim, Gamble 161! 7486! 9661! Naga Hitts ;
Kohima, C. B. Clarke 41480!
A tree 50 feet high. Leaves 2-pinnate; pinne 4-6 with a large gland ‘25 in.
above base of main-rachis and with large projecting glands on each secondary rachis
at the bases of the distal pairs of leaflets ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate 10-14 on the distal,
514 D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
6-8 on the proximal pinne, in all cases decreasing downwards, apex acute, base
cuneate from the middle, “75—2°25 in. long, *4-1 in. wide, pale-green above, glaucescent
beneath, sparsely adpressed-puberulous on both surfaces; stipules minute. Ultimate
branches of panicle umbellate. Calyx ‘lin. long, puberulous externally, teeth minute,
pedicels ‘05 in. Corolla twice the calyx, teeth lanceolate. Pod 6-8 in. long, 1-1'25
in. wide, thin, rather firm, strap-shaped, the base narrow-cuneate, the tip blunt; pale
straw-coloured, very faintly reticulate ; seeds 8-10.
This extremely distinct species bears no very close affinity to either of the
species to which it has been referred. It agrees with A. Lebbek for which Mr. Gamble
has taken it, in colour of pod and in having pedicelled flowers, but its leaves and
leaflets are totally different. With A. procera, to which Mr. Clarke has referred it,
it agrees in having the secondary rachises glandular as well as the main-rachis but
the leaflets are quite different in shape and in colour, while its flowers and its pods
in no way resemble those of A. procera.
The nearest Indian ally of the species is A. lucida from which, however, it
differs markedly in size of leaves and leaflets and in having shortly pedicelled
florets. Its nearest ally in the genus is A. tomentella Mig. (Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 20)
which has leaflets similar in shape, size and disposition, but which differs in having
the leaflets densely pubescent beneath and not glaucescent, in having several glands
(instead of one only) on the secondary rachises, and in having a broader, brown pod
with a very different reticulation.
6. ALBIZZIA GLOMERIFLORA Kurz.
This species must be deleted. When Mr. Kurz published it as an Albizzia he
was treating Pithecolobium, to which the tree really belongs, as a section of Albizzia.
The true name of the species is Pithecolobiwm glomeriflorum Kurz (For. Flor. Brit.
Burm. i. 480).
7. ALBIZZIA JULIBRISSIN Durazz.
This species must also be deleted. There has always been some doubt as to the
occurrence of this tree in India. In the Flora of British India two varieties are
indicated, viz., typical Julibrissin said to extend from Hazara to Sikkim and var.
mollis (Acacia mollis Wall. ; Albizzia mollis Boiv.) extending from Simla to Nepal.
There seems, however, to be no such thing as A. Julibrissin in India, in a wild
state, and the writer doubts if it be even cultivated. Certainly no one has ever sent
specimens of A. Julibrissin to Calcutta; all the specimens received with this name
prove on examination to be either A. mollis or, much more frequently, misidentified
A. stipulata.
(7.) ALBIzzIa MOLLIS Boiv. Encyc. xix. Siecle ii. 33. A. Julibrissin
var. mollis Benth.; Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 300.
This is quite entitled to specific rank. Add to localities :—
Assam ; Simons! Manipur; Wati!
Though recurring again to the east of the Brahmaputra without having been
reported from anywhere between Nepal and the Assam Range, the tree shows no
more tendency to resemble specimens of A. Julibrissin from China and Japan than
does the North-West Himalayan form to resemble specimens of A, Julibrissin from
the Oriental region.
1897.] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 515
8. ALBIZZIA STIPULATA Boiv.
Add to localities of F. B. I. :—
Anpamans; H. H. Man! Nicopars; Kurz!
Two varieties may be easily distinguished in the field, viz., VAR. typica with large
stipules, and var. Smithiana (Mimosa Smithiana Roxb.) with small stipules. They
cannot easily be separated in the herbarium as the stipules are somewhat deciduous
in both; as they grow the two trees are wonderfully unlike and it would not bea
matter for surprise to find that Roxburgh was justified in separating them. The
typical A. stipulata is well known as the Sao in Assam and in Sikkim.
9. ALBIZZIA MYRIOPHYLLA Benth.
Add to localities of F, B. [.:—
Kepau ; Curtis! Penana; Curtis! Kunstler! Perak; Scortechini!
This species is perhaps most easily recognised by the pulvinus enlarging into a
recurved hook just below the leaf-base ; it is always a climber.
Another species which has a similarly enlarged pulvinus is the Chinese Albizzia
Millettii Bth. the oldest name for which is Mimosa corniculata Lour. (Fl. Cochin-Chin.
800). Why it deserves our attention here is because of its having been introduced to
India and of its having been long cultivated in gardens under the name “ Acacia
Careyana Hort.” Mr. Kurz ina manuscript note in the Calcutta Herbarium, by
way of criticism of the F. B. I., has expressed the opinion that Acacia Careyana is
the true “ Mimosa elata” of Roxburgh. This is not the case; Roxburgh has left a
coloured drawing of his M.elata which shows that his tree does not have the pul-
vinus developed into a spur. Moreover Roxburgh has with his own hand written on
the drawing “ Mimosa elata considerably less than natural size”; consequently, the
leaflets of Acacia Careyana, which are the size of those in the drawing, are consider-
ably less than those of Mimosa elata. As has already been explained under A.
procera, the writer is not only convinced that Mr. Baker is right in referring Mimosa
elata to Albizzia procera, but is strongly of opinion that there is no variety “ elata”
really distinguishable from A. procera proper, the leaflets are not smaller in the
variety than in the type and both kinds of leaflets (consequently both “ varieties ”’)
can be collected from the same tree.
A. Millettii has been collected in Tonkin by Balansa (nn. 1283 and 1290, both
issued as A. procera) and recurs in Borneo whence it has been sent by Haviland,
(nn. 57 and 2909).
Mr. Kurz has described in the Society’s Journal xlv. 2. 299 and again in For.
Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 428 a Siamese tree under the name Albizzia Teysmanni. This has
alternate leaflets and has no glands on the rachis and does not bear much resem-
blance to any Albizzia. Most probably it belongs to the suborder Caesalpiniex ; his
only specimen is in such a condition that Kurz was not justified even in suggesting
a genus for it.
131. .PITHECOLOBIUM Marr.
4. PITHECOLOBIUM BIGEMINUM Mart. in Flora xx. 2. Beibl. 115 in obs.
5. PITHECOLOBIUM AFFINE Bak.
Add to localities of #. B. J.:—Burma; Hills east of Tonghoo,
Brandis! Perak; Kunstler ! Stncapor ; Ridley ! Distrrs. Borneo.
J. 1. 65
516 D. Prain — Some additional Leguminose. [No. 2,
The pod is given as } in. wide in the F. B. I. This is probably a misprint for 14
in. wide which is about the true size; Bentham in originally describing the pod
states that it is as large as that of P. fascicuwlatum, which is about 14 — 13 in. across.
6. PrraecoLopium conrerruM Benth.
Add to synonyms of F’. B. I.:—Albizzia splendens Mig. Flor. Ind.
Bat. Suppl. 280. Add :—Distris. Sumatra (Teysmann 4228 !)
Mr. Kurz has already pointed out (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 129) that the
species described by Mr. Bentham as Pithecolobiwm confertwm in 1874, had been
described by Dr. Miquel as Albizzia splendens 14 years before. It is therefore probable
that Mr. Bentham never saw Dr. Miquel’s plant, the identity of which with P. con-
fertum is undoubted. But as Miquel drew up his description from leaf specimens
only, it seems neither to be necessary nor just to propose, according to what are said
to be the essential rules of bibliography, to rename the species Pithecolobiwm
splendens. -
6/2. PiTHECOLOBIUM NiIcoBARICUM rain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
Ixvi. 2. 267; branchlets glabrous, pinne 2, leaflets 4, rarely 6, leaves
with a gland near the middle of main-rachis’ only, calyx campanulate,
pod not lobed. Albizzia bubalina (Pithecolobium bubalinum) Kurz,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2.129 not of Benth. P. oppositum Kurz l. c.
not of Mnrq.
Nicosars; Nancowry, Jelinek ; Kamorta, Kurz!
Leaflets papery rather rigid, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, acute, distal 3-4 by
1°4-1°8 in., proximal 1-2°5 by °5-1°25 in., petiolules distinct ‘1 in. long. Heads
racemose. Calyx ‘05 in., pubescent, teeth deltoid. Corolla and filaments not seen.
Pod dehiscent along upper suture, 5-6 in. long, "75 in. wide, spirally twisted, valves
thickly coriaceous, glabrous, dull purplish-red. Seeds 8=10, orbicular-ovate, some-
what compressed, ‘4 in. long, ‘5 in. wide, ‘25 in. thick, testa thin crustaceous, dark-
purple, smooth, shining; arillus 0.
The Nicobarese name is “ Kawas.” Mr. Kurz does not seem to have seen a
specimen of P. bubalinwm when he referred this tree to that species, or when he
referred to that species P. oppositum Miq. This is at once distinguished from P.
bubalinum by its different fruits, and from P. oppositum by its leaf-rachises being
glabrous not puberulous and by its pinne being 1-jugate not 2-jugate.
8. PrTHECOLOBIUM mICROCARPUM Benth.
Add to localities of F’. B. I.:—Prrak, very common. SINGAPORE ;
J’. Anderson! Kurz! Ridley! Dusters. Sumatra (fide Miquel) ; Borneo.
P. oppositum Miq. is very near this. Its leaflets are not distinguishable but it
differs in having puberulous petiolules and 2-jugate pinne, so that it is to be hoped
that it is truly specifically separable. Should it, however, prove to be identical
with P. microcarpwm then Miqnuel’s, though the prior name, surely ought not to be
used, since that author described leaf-specimens only.
Y. PITHECOLOBIUM ELLIPTICUM Hassk. Retza, i. 225. Inga elliptica
Bl. Cat. Buitenz. 88. Albizzia fasciculata Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.
xly, 2. 129, excl. syn. Pithecolobium macrophyllum 7. & B.
1897, ] D. Prain— Some additional Leguminose. 517
It is not absolutely certain that P. fasciculatum Benth. is the same as P. ellipticum
Hassk., though it is probable that the two are one species. If this be so, however,
it is preferable, even then, to use Hasskarl’s name because Bentham’s description
does not so well accord with the characters of the plant and because Hasskarl’s name
has the advantage of preserving the oldest specific epithet.
By a lapsus calami the Index Kewensis gives Inga elliptica Bl. as the name, and
- Pithecolobium ellipticwm Hassk. as a synonym for this species; the reverse is the
actual state of affairs.
Mr. Kurz identifies with this a species issued from Buitenzorg as Pithecolo-
bium macrophyllum Teysm. & Binnend., of which Kurz’s notice appears to be
the earliest mention. The identification proposed cannot, however, be sustained ;
though the leaves of P. macrophyllum resemble those of P. fasciculatum, the pods
are altogether different and are deeply lobed as in P. lobatum. As Mr. Kurz’s
mention dates from 1876 and as an American P. macrophyllum Spruce, was published
in 1875, it is necessary to rename Teysmann’s plant P. Teysmanni.
10. PirHecoLosium Lopatom Benth.
Add to synonyms of F. B. I.:—Inga Jiringa Jack, Mal. Miscell.
ii. 7.78. Acacia Kaeringa Royle, Ill. Him. Pl. 183. Mimosa Djiringa
* Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93. :
Add to localities:—Prnana; common. Prrak; common. SINGA-
PORE; Kunstler ! Hullett !
It is not quite clear that Mimosa Kaeringa Roxb. and M. Djiringa Roxb. are the
same. Roxburgh describes the former as having seeds enveloped in an edible pulp ;
Jack says the latter has seeds without arillus; Koorders and Valeton say the
seeds themselves are eaten.
10/2. PirHEcoLopium GLOMERIFLORUM Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm.
i. 430. Albizzia glomeriflora Kurz ex Buk. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 300.
Being a Pithecolobiwm and not an Albizzia this species must be transferred
to the present position.
10/3. Pirneconopium Kunstieri Prain, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi.
2.271; branchlets slightly pubescent, pinne 2-4, leaflets 6, leaves with
glands on the rachis below the bases of pinne and leaflets, calyx tubu-
lar, pod not lobed.
Perak; Kunstler! Scortechint! Jonore; Lake § Kelsall! Disrxie.
Borneo.
A low spreading tree with stem 8-12 in. thick; bark brown. Leaflets paleish-
green, glabrous above, puberulous beneath, ovate with rounded bases and caudate-
acuminate tips, distal 3-4°5 in. long, 1-2 in. wide; lowest 1-2 in. long, ‘5-1 in.
wide ; rachis of terminal pinnz 4 in. long, of small basal pair, when present, ‘5 in.
long only. Heads 4-8-fid., ‘5-75 in. wide, pedicels short puberulous, arranged in lax
terminal panicles. Calyx with spathulate pubescent bracteole, tubular, densely pubes-
cent, "15 in. long, teeth short triangular. Corolla white, ‘5 in. long, densely silky
externally, tube narrowly funnel-shaped, teeth lanceolate "12 in. long. Pod witha
puberulous stipe ‘75 in. long, spirally twisted, dehiscent along lower suture, 8-10 in,
518 D. Prain— More additional species of Labiatee. [No. 2,
long. ‘6 in. wide ; valves thinly coriaceous puberulous, not sinuate between the 8-10
ovate seeds which have long axes parallel with sutures, ‘7 in. long, ‘4 in. wide, com-
pressed ; testa thin crustaceous.
A very distinct species, nearly related to P. bigeminuwm Mart., but with much
larger flowers and with a pod that differs markedly in being long stalked.
ADDENDA.
24. CARAGANA Lamk.
5b. CARAGANA DECORTICANS Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 1725.
When arranging the Caraganas of the Calcutta Herbarium the writer unfortu-
nately overlooked the fact that his friend Mr. Hemsley had already detected Dr.
Aitchison’s misidentification of this plant with C. ambigua and had published a des-
cription and figure of it under the above name, which must therefore replace the
name Caragana Aitchisoni, used on page 372.
75. PACHYRRHIZUS Ricu.
PACHYRRHIZUS ANGULATUS Lizch.
Professor Oliver has recently given an excellent figure and description of this —
well-known plant (Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 1842). In the same work (t. 1843) is also
given a figure and description of the 8S. American and W. Indian P. tuberosws Lamk.,
which is closely related to P. angulatus and is best distinguished by its almost entire
leaflets and its larger broader pods. It has recently been introduced to Ceylon; its
pods make an excellent vegetable; its seeds are poisonous.
P. tuberosus is related to P. angulatus exactly as Phaseolus Mungo is to P.
radiatus and as Dolichos lignosus is to D. Lablab.
Novicie Indice XVI. More additional species of Lapiara.— By
D. Prain,
[Received May 26th; Read June 2nd, 1897. ]
Since the writer presented descriptions of some additional species
of this natural order to the Society, six and a half years ago, a few
others have come to light that are additions to the Indian flora; des-
criptions of these, drawn up after the style of the Flora of British
India are accordingly offered inthe hope that they may be of use to
members who use that work in the field.
12. POGOSTEMON Dkusr.
6. PoGgosreMon PARVIFLORUS Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I,:—ANnpAMANs; common, King’s Col-
lectors !
1897.] D. Prain— More additional species of Labiatze. 519
9. Poagostemon Patcnoutt Pelletier.
Granting that Pelletier’s plant is specifically the same as P. Heyneanus Benth.,
which is what is contended in the F. B. I. iv. 633, then Bentham’s name, dating as
it does from 1830, cannot very well be supplanted by that of Pelletier which only
dates from 1845. It may well be that the Patchouli plant, P. Patchouli Pelletier, is
no more than a cultivated state of P. Heyneanus; the latter, however, is a com-
mon wild species without the. Patchouli smell and with somewhat different leaves.
The Patchouli is by no means a “common” garden plant in India; where its culti-
vation is attended to, it is said to be carefully grown along with Piper Betle. This
cultivation is apparently confined to the Indian Peninsula; the plant flowers freely
and profusely.
Var. swavis Hook. fil. This, which is Pogostemon Patchouli of Sir W. Hooker as
opposed to that of M. Pelletier, is also the Pogostemon suavis of Tenore; it has, as
Sir Joseph Hooker points out, a close affinity with P. parviflorus,—a wild plant
that does not have the Patchouli smell. It bears in fact to P. parviflorus exactly the
relationship that P. Patchouli bears to P. Heyneanws, and unless P. Heyneanus and
P. parviflorus be themselves no more than forms of one species, a view in favour of
which something might be said, it seems for the present better to keep P. suavis
specifically apart from P. Patchouli. The writer, however, cannot find any character
to separate P. suavis Ten. (P. Patchouli Hook. not of Pelletier) from P. Cablin Benth.,
of the Philippines.
The Flora of British India is careful to exclude from Sir William Hooker’s
P. Patchouli the citation Pucha-pat of Wallich in Kew Journ. i. 22; the place which
Pucha-pat is to occupy is not noted. The point is of importance, because Wallich’s
Pucha-pat, which is quite distinct from the Indian P. Patchouli Pelletier, is the plant
that mainly yields the Patchouli and the Patchouli products of commerce; to this
end it is assiduously cultivated on a considerable scale by Chinese colonists through-
out the Malay countries. It is not clear that it is grown in China itself or indeed
that the plant is known there; on the contrary there is much to favour the belief
that it is in China replaced by one or more plants yielding the same odour. Unlike
P. Patchouli, the Pucha-pat of Wallich is very shy of flowering, if indeed it ever does
flower. Plants for example that were introduced to the Royal Botanic Gardens
at Calcutta in 1834 and that have been freely propagated by other means than by
seed from that period onwards have never once flowered, though a succession of the
ablest gardeners in India have during the past 60 years made the flowering of the
Malaya Patchouli one of the objects of their lives.
Familiar aquaintance with the living Pucha-pat and a careful examination of
the specimen of Sir William Hooker’s plant in Herb. Kew, has convinced the writer
that Sir William Hooker was absolutely right and that Wallich’s Pucha-pat is only,
at best, a cultivated race of Sir William’s P. Patchouls which is, however, merely
Tenore’s P. suavis and is certainly not Pelletier’s P. Patchoult.
The Patchouli smell is not confined to these two plants or even to the genus
Pogostemon. Among Indian genera it is shared by Mesona, and in China it is associ-
ated with at least two species of the genus Microtoena, one of which, M. robusta, is
employed on this account much as the Indian, or true, Patchouli is. That the
other, M. cymosa, is so used has not been made clear; this latter plant occurs in
Indo-China and in most cases is only doubtfully wild. It is not always Patchouli-
scented, but when it is so scented it is apt, though it flowers freely, to produce
only abortive fruits.
520 D. Prain— More additional species of Labiate. [No. 2,
7. ORTHOSIPHON Bent.
* * Calyz-throat naked ; stamens included.
6. ORTHOSIPHON RUBICUNDUS Benth.
Var. ? macrocarpa VAR. nov.; leaves petioled, Jamina very large
25-30 cm. long. 12-16 cm. across, calyx in fruit 15 mm. long, 7 mm.
wide; petioles 5-7 cm. long.
Burma; Attaran, Brandis 856 !
This is almost certainly specifically distinct, though it is evidently most nearly
related to O. rubicundus vaR. rigida. The flowers in the specimens seen are not
good and it is inadvisable for the present to give the plant a specific status. The
writer feels inclined to restore to vaR. ‘rigida the specific rank claimed for it by
Hamilton.
* * * Calyx-throat naked ; stamens far exserted.
9b. OrrnosirHon Warr Prain; leafy-stem pubernlous 4-angled
short, the portion above leaves elongated, glabrescent subterete ; leaves
decussately paired, pairs 4, the lowest small usually evanescent the
second pair very large long-petioled much exceeding the 2 upper pairs,
lamina irregularly cordate with subacuminate apex and irregularly
crenate-serrate and acutely lobed margin, rather thick, sparsely puberu-
lous above with adpressed brown hairs, beneath more faintly puberu-
lous only along the nerves, racemes simple or subpaniculate at the end
of leafless stem, bracts broadly cordate-acuminate, in young inflorescences
overlapping to form anarrow strobilate spike, much exceeding pedicels ;
calyx puberulous campanulate, 2 lower teeth subulate; corolla-tube
slender not twice as long as calyx, lower lip concave, upper 3-fid., fila-
ments naked 23 times as long as corolla; nwtlets not seen. Orthosi-
phon sp. Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lix. 2. 296.
Assam; Manipur, Waitt n. 7188! Naga Hills, at Konoma, Wait n.
11558!
Rootstock woody; leafy stem 6-10 cm. long with short branches in the axils of
the 3 upper pairs of leaves, internodes about 1°5-4 cm., petioles of the large pair of
leaves 8-10 cm., laminz 45 cm. long, 30 cm. across, of other pairs much smaller ;
stem between leaves and flowers 20-25 cm. long; racemes simple terminal 6-10 cm.
long or with 1-2 pairs of similar lateral racemes in axils of larger bracts at intervals
of 1-3 cm. below base of terminal raceme ; whorls 6-fld., only ‘(05 cm. apart, bracts
7 mm. long, 85 mm. wide, puberulous externally, glabrous above, margins not
ciliate, pedicels 1 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long; corolla tube 7-9 mm. long uniformly
pubescent externally as are the lips, filaments inserted below apex of tube, 25 mm.
‘long, stigma clavate subcapitate slightly notched.
Dr. Watt, who originally collected this very fine species, has again met with it
in the Naga Hills and has presented an excellent flowering specimen to the Cal-
cutta Herbarium from which it has been possible at last to make a complete des-
cription of the plant.
1897. ] _ D. Prain— More additional species of Labiatee. 521
Though belonging to the group that includes O. scapiger, O. stamineus and
O. Parishit it is, as the description will indicate, remarkably distinct from all three.
It has somewhat the facies of a Coleus but the stamens are quite free and the stigma
is not bifid.
8. PLECTRANTHUS L’Hrrit.
§ Coxrorpes (F. B. I. iv. 621).
28b. Piecrrantous Kunstitert Prain; rather stout, everywhere
finely puberulous, leaves pale-green, large, petioled, ovate-acute with
entire cuneate base and short entire sub-acuminate tip, margin else-
where regularly crenate, cymes in stout branched panicles, corolla-tube
exceeding the narrow lower lip, fruiting calyx rather large, two lower
teeth subulate, two lateral ovate-acute, upper orbicular-ovate, nutlets
oblong brown with darker tips, hardly shining.
Psrak; Kwala Dipong, Kunstler n. 8240!
.A shrubby plant 2-3 feet high. Leaves pale-green especially beneath and there
sparsely glandular puberulous, darker and similarly faintly puberulous above, laminze
8-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, petiole 4-5 cm. long. /Fanicle large, branches ascend-
ing, flowers racemed. Fruiting calyx 5 mm. long, gland-dotted. Corolla pale-green
faintly dotted, 10 mm. long, tube decurved and gibbous at base, one and a half times
as long as boat shaped lower-lip; upper-lip rather short. Filaments free from each
other from the point at which they are free from the corolla tube.
A very distinct species though nearest, on the whole, to P. wrticifolius.
30b. PLecTRANTHUS FULVESCENS Prain; erect, branched, the in-
florescence hirsutely fulvous-tomentose elsewhere glabrescent, leaves
lanceolate margin finely crenate except at .the narrow-cuneate base
decurrent on the longish petiole, flowers whorled in long slender narrow
racemes, corolla tube slender, longer than the lower lip, fruiting calyx
densely fulvous with spreading hairs, two lower teeth acute, two lateral
ovate faintly serrate, upper entire broad rounded, nutlets oblong, brown,
shining. Coleus fulvescens Kurz MSS. in Herb. Calcutta.
Burma; Attran, Brandis 811 !
Stem 4-angled glabrous below. Leaves faintly puberulous above, glabrous be-
neath, pale-green, membranous 10-15 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, tapering from the
middle to an acuminate tip and a narrow cuneate base passing into a petiole 1-3
em. long. Racemes 10-16 cm. long, 2 cm. in diam., leafless, rather dense-fld., rachis
very hirsute with spreading tawny hairs, whorls 6-fid., flowers pedicelled. Fruiting
calyx 6 mm. long slightly contracted above the nutlets. Corolla 8 mm., tube
declinate, curved, apparently white, lips pale-blue.
The whorls of flowers somewhat resemble those of Coleus spicatus but they are
more distant. Mr. Kurz has placed this in Coleus but the filaments are quite free
from each other from the point where they are free from the corolla tube. The
arrangement, however, below this point is such as to strongly support the view
expressed by Sir Joseph Hooker (F. B. I. iv. 616) that at least all the species of
522 D. Prain— More additional species of Labiate. [No. 2,
§ Coleoides might with advantage be merged in Coleus. This, to judge from his
proposed treatment of the species, must have been the view of Mr. Kurz also.
9. COLEUS Louvr.
1. Conerus sprcarus Benth.
Add to localities of F, B. I.:— Burma; Shan Hills, common, Col-
lett ! King’s Collectors !
6. COLEUS ATROPURPUREUS Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. I.:— Perak; Jenah, 200-300 feet, Wray
1759!
10.* HYPTIS Jace.
3. Hypris pectinaTa Poit. Ann. Mus. Par. vii. 474; erect; stem
glabrous or pubescent; /eaves petioled ovate crenate-serrate, base round-
ed, tomentose beneath ; cymes many-fild. paniculate, in flower laxly sub-
capitate, later elongated subsecund pectinate incurved, bracts laxly
setaceous hardly as long as calyx; calyx tubular, hoary-tomentose,
mouth truncate, throat villous within, teeth setaceous subrigid, shorter
than tube. Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. 127. Bysteropogon pectinatum
L’ Her. Sert. Angl. 19. Mentha perilloides Linn. Syst. ed. xii.’ 736.
Nepeta aristata Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nut. Par. 110. Brotera persica
Spr. Trans. Linn. Soc. vi. 151, t. 4.
Mapras; Benaat; and Assam. Introduced; though not so fre-
quently met with as H. suaveolens, where it does occur it is just as
plentiful and spreads as readily.
Stem rigid below, branches erect 60-100 cm.; leaves very variable from 2-8 em.
long acute or acuminate, margins sometimes serrate more often crenate-serrate,
sometimes rather widely crenate, usually densely tomentose below sparsely above
but at times glabrous on both sides. Racemes secund densely congested towards
apex, interrupted below, simple or paniculately branched. Cymes 5-80-fid., at first
capitate, bracts and subulate calyx-teeth crinite. Corolla small pale-purple, or
yellowish-white with the lips purple spotted. Nutlets small, oblong, smooth, black.
The reason for the introduction of the species of this American genus is in
every case the same ; they are planted like the Tulsis (Ocimum spp.) in the precincts
of sacred buildings and are usually to be found spreading from the neighbourhood
of shrines and temples. Up till now H. brevipes, H. eapitata, H. swaveolens and
H. pectinata are the only forms that have established themselves in India but the
naturalisation of other species is no doubt merely a matter of time.
55. CYMARIA Benra.
1. Cymaria picnoroma Benth.
Add to localities of F. B. J.:—Snan Hits; Fort Stedman, etc.,
common. Perak; Scortechini !
en
1897. ] F. Finn— On some noteworthy Indian Birds. 523
On some noteworthy Indian Birds.—By ¥F. Finy, B.A., F.Z.8., Deputy
Superintendent of the Indian Museum.
[Received April Ist, Read April 7th, 1897. ]
In the present paper I deal with a few occurrences of Indian birds
noteworthy either on account of the rarity of the species, or by reason
of their presence outside their usual limits. Most of the specimens
alluded to are in the collection of the Indian Museum.
I follow the nomenclature and arrangement of the British Museum
Catalogue of Birds.
Rhytidoceros narcondami.
When at the Andamans in April, 1896, I obtained, through the
kindness of Majors Temple and Graham, and Lieutenant E. C. Doughty,
four specimens of this rare species, which had been recently obtained
on Narcondam. The skins had been only roughly prepared, and not
sexed, but the plumage and dimensions show them to be those of two
males and two females. They are all moulting.
The colouring corresponds well with that given by Mr. Blanford
(Fauna of British India, Birds, Vol. iii, p. 149), and Mr. W. R. Ogilvie
Grant (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. xviii, p. 386). The tails are dirty,
this no doubt being the grey stain noted in the British Museum catalogue
description.
I take this opportunity of expressing my obligation to the Andaman
residents for the kind hospitality and assistance afforded me ou my visit
to the Islands.
Phasianus humizx.
In December last Lieutenant-Colonel H. St. P. Maxwell, of the
Indian Staff Corps, very kindly presented to the Museum a skin of this
rare Pheasant, which he had obtained in the preceding month at Kairong
in Manipur.
The specimen, which is in the plumage of the adult male, agrees
very well with the description in the British Museum Catalogue of Birds,
Vol. xxii, p. 336, and with Mr. Hume’s original description (Stray
Feathers, Vol. ix, p. 461), except in that the longer upper tail-coverts
are not plain grey, but are crossed by narrow dull chestnut bars.
Colonel Maxwell’s specimen differs much more from a fine male
from the Ruby Mines, the only other example of this species which the
Museum possesses, being that mentioned by Mr. W. L. Sclater (see Ibis,
1891, p. 152).
J. u. 66
‘524 - F. Finn— On some noteworthy Indian Birds. [No. 2,
In this latter the white fringing of the lower back and rump
feathers is so extended that the general appearance of these parts is
silver-white, irregularly mottled with black where the more basal
colouring of the feathers appears, whereas the other bird’s plumage
shows here, a beautiful scaled effect. Moreover the webs of these
feathers in the Ruby Mines specimen are looser, and they are squarer
at the tip. The difference in the individual feathers is shown in the
accompany ng woodcut, (which, however, much exaggerates the slight
black terminal fringe in that of the Manipur bird.)
WN
eee
Manipur specimen. : | Ruby Mines specimen.
Also in the Ruby Mines specimen the white shoulder-patch is larger
and almost devoid of dark markings at the tips of the feathers, In this
specimen also the longer upper tail-coverts, and to a less degree the
grey part of the tail itself are of a lighter grey than the same parts in
the Manipur bird.
Seen together with Colonel Maxwell’s bird, the Ruby Mines speci-
men seems worthy of specific separation, that is to say, aS species are
reckoned in the genus Phasianus. With a larger series of P. hum
howeyer, the points I have mentioned would very possibly be found
variable, and hence I content myself with drawing attention to the
peculiarities of this bird, in hopes that other naturalists may be led
to investigate the subject.
1897. | F. Finn— On some noteworthy Indian Birds. 520
Limnocryptes gallinula.
We are indebted to Major F. Graham for a specimen of the Jack-
Snipe from the Andamans. The bird was shot, according to Major
Graham, near Aberdeen on the South Andaman Island, on November
25th, 1896, by Lieutenant H. Turner of the Suffolk Regiment.
Jack-Snipe were unusually abundant in the Provision Bazaar this
cold weather, and the Messrs. Dods inform me that they also found
them singularly plentiful when out shooting in the vicinity of Calcutta.
Anas boschas.
In February, 1895, Mr. R, G. Hanland, of Gauhati, Assam, sent to
the HKditor of the Asian newspaper a Mallard which had been shot
by Mr. Truninger at Gohpur near Behali Mukh, North Luckimpur, in
Assam, on the 17th of that month. The bird was sent to me, and I
was able to confirm Mr. Hanland’s identification of it. It wasin adult
male plumage, but not having been properly cured, the skin began to
come to pieces, and I therefore did not preserve it, as the species was
unmistakeable.
EHunetta falcata.
A bird-dealer from the Bazaar brought me a male of this species
on January 3rd of the present year. It was in full plumage with the
exception of the long tertials, whick were only just sprouting, and not
noticeable unless looked for. |
As it was not in very good bodily condition, I had it killed for the
Museum collection. It had the bill black; iris dark brown; feet dull
grey, with black webs. The testes were small, and the windpipe much
resembled that of the common Teal as figured in Yarrell’s British
Birds, Fourth Edition, Vol. IV, p, 391. |
Nyroca baer.
Fuligula baevi. Finn, P. A. S. B., April 1896, p. 61.
This Pochard again occurred in the Provision Bazaar here during
the present cold weather, but in far greater numbers than on the
previous occasion, when all I saw, to the number of eleven, were
obtained, as recorded loc. cit. This time the earliest date on which I
observed any was November 25th, 1896, and I continued to note their
presence pretty constantly till January 5th, after which I have no
record of their occurrence. Fora few days, not long after their first
appearance, they were quite one of the common ducks of the Bazaar,
being as numerous as White-eyes (N. africana). Out of perhaps twice
that number seen, I bought in all twenty-nine specimens, twelve of
which were transferred (not all immediately, however,) to the Museum
collection ; while three, a male and two females, remain at large on the
526 F. Finn— On some noteworthy Indian Birds. [No. 2,
tank in the Museum compound, and a pair are still living in the Dack
House at the Alipore Zoological Gardens, where several seem to have
died, as I sent more there at different times.* Some birds were lost in
various ways. Most of the birds observed were in immature plumage ;
I saw a few full-plumaged females, but no full-plumaged male.
The immature female is very like WN. africana of the same age and
sex, but differs from it in the dusky crown, and the absence of any rusty
hue about the head except on the face. The size usually furnishes a
better distinction, but I have seen some unusually small, though
apparently clean-moulted, females, one of which is among our series
obtained on this occasion, This bird is not larger than adults of
N. africana, but is at once distinguishable by the above-noted limitation
of the rusty hue, and the generally dusky blackish head and neck,
whereon, however, are only faint indications of a green gloss.
All the males I saw had white irides, with the exception of one in
which they were of a pale cloudy greenish-yellow. The white eye
appears early, for I have noted it in specimens which were only just
beginning to change the immature plumage for that of the adult. The
young male appears (I have no preserved specimen of a very immature
male) to have the same plumage as the young female. The bird on
the Museum tank was pinioned and turned out there on December 13th,
1896, when only just beginning to change, and when caught on February
26th, 1897, was in full plumage, or nearly so; so also were two females
caught with him, which were preserved, while the. male was again
released. Unfortunately I do not know exactly at what stage these
females were turned out, but I am sure they were not in full plumage.
In all the females I saw the irides were brown, with the exception
of two, which had the irides grey, and a mixture of brown and white,
respectively.
The bills of the males are dark grey or greyish black, with a black
nail and a grey patch at the tip: in the female the bill is darker, with
the grey patch less distinct. ‘lhe feet in both sexes are grey, with dark
joints and black webs.
As to the habits of this duck I have little to say. In general
appearance it is lighter and less “dumpy” than its near ally N. afri-
cana; the head and neck and general shape are less Fuliguline than
in that species, and recall a Mallard somewhat. It of course swims
* These are now dead; the species does not bear confinement in an aviary well,
anlike N. africana, which thrives better than any other Pochard. WN. baeri is also
more restless on the water when on a tank, judging from the three birds I still
possess. I'rom the male of these and the bird that recently died in the Zoological
Gardens, it appears that the male in summer assumes the rusty facial patch of the
female, and both become duller.
1897. | F. Finn— On some noteworthy Indian Birds. 527
and dives excellently, and is a less clumsy walker than the common
White-eye. The male has a curious habit of contracting its neck and
jerking it backwards in a curve—no doubt a pairing-gesture. The
lower part of the windpipe of the male is shown below, of about natural
size.
iit
, ath
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Hrismatura leacocephala.
Two birds, an immature male and a female, of this species, were
obtained in the Bazaar during the late cold season. The female was
in a dying state when seen, and died by the time the bargain for it
was concluded.
The male, for securing which I am indebted to our se eater A
Mr. C. Swaries, lived for three days, but one of its legs was hopelessly
injured, and it either could not or would not eat, although I tried it
with several different kinds of food, in the hope of studying alive
so interesting a species. Ultimately I reluctantly had it killed and
preserved. :
It was about the tamest bird I ever saw, continuing to dress its
plumage even when being handled; in fact, its remarkable freedom from
fear and its care of its feathers reminded me strikingly of a Grebe,
(several of which.I have also had) just as its habits when at large re-
minded Canon Tristram ( fide Dresser, Birds of Europe) of those birds.
From the attempts it made, despite its injuries, to stand up, I have
no doubt that it is able to do so, and probably to walk also, though
doubtless it is not active on land. It floated low in the water, but not
submerged, and the tail was kept more or less raised above the level of
the back. This male had the throat entirely white and the black on
the front and sides of the neck below. this finely vermiculated: with
white; the back plumage is very pale, almost creamy in ground-tint,
with chestnut feathers showing up here and there. The female was
very much darker above, as well as more rufous. Her bill was black,
while the male’s was dull grey, somewhat greenish at the base. In both
specimens the feet were grey with black webs, and the irides very dark
brown. The windpipe of the male is expanded in the middle and
narrowed towards the ends, but has no bulla ossea. |
528 F, Finn — Experiments with a Tupaia and a Frog. | No. 2;
, Merganser comatus.
A specimen of a Goosander, in very bad condition, sent to me in
March of the present year by the Hditor of the Asian, with the in-
formation that it was shot at Myitkiyana, Burmah, appears to me to
be referable to the Eastern form. It is a female or young male.
Merganser serrator.
There is in the Museum collection an excellent specimen of this
bird, not sexed, but by plumage a female or young male, obtained in
the Calcutta Provision Bazaar on December 17th, 1889.
Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colours and Mimicry. No. ITI.
EHaperiments with a Tupaia and a Frog.—By F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.S.,
Deputy Superintendent in the Indian Museum.
[Received April 29th, Read May 5th, 1897. ]
The only other animals, besides birds and Culotes lizards, with
which I have systematically experimented, are a Tupaia or Tree-Shrew
(Tupuia ferruginea), and a Bull-frog (Rana tigrina) ; in each ‘case a
single individual only being used.
This being the case I have thought it as well to give the experi-
ments on this Mammal and Amphibian together in one short paper,
before dealing with the rest of the birds, my notes upon which much
exceed in bulk all those I have hitherto published taken together.
EXPERIMENTS WITH A T'UPAIA.
The Tupaia used in these experiments was bought in the Bird Bazaar,
in July, 1895, and kept for most of the time in the aviary which I had used
for birds: it was fed on boiled rice, fruit (plantain) and cooked meat.
It used its fore-paws to hold the insects it ate, after the manner of
a squirrel, and from its tameness and keenness after insects was a very
satisfactory subject to observe. With it I made the following experi-
ments, in 1895, about the time at which some of my experiments with
Calotes (J. A. S. B., 1896, Part I, p. 42) were made.
July 15th. The animal being hungry, I offered it a Danaz. ~
genutia, which it took, but refused, apparently disliking the taste.
I then gave it three non-warningly-coloured butterflies, which it was
even less inclined to eat. All these insects were dead and rather dry
however.
The animal had an hour or so before eaten cockroaches ( Periplaneta
americana) and plantain with relish.
1897. | F. Finn— Experiments with a Tupaia and a Frog. 529
Shortly after I could not find two of the non-warningly-coloured
butterflies I had put in its cage, as above mentioned. In the evening,
after having meanwhile given the Tupaia some meat and rice, the
former of which it had some time ago eaten, (tlie latter it seemed not to
like) I found the D. genutia still uneaten in the cage. The last non-
warningly-coloured butterfly, a Catopsilia, I found outside the small cage
in which the Tupaia at present was kept. I put it in the netting, but
the animal would not take it.
‘I then offered it a Danais limniace and another Catopsilia, fresh
specimens.’ These it smelt and would not eat. 3
Next I putin a live Catopsilia, which the Tupaia eagerly pursued,
seized and ate. I then put in live specimens of D. genutia and limniace,
one each, neither of which it would take. Then I gave successively a
non-warningly-coloured butterfly much like those it had refused when
dead, in the morning, and five Catopsilias, all these being alive; all
were eaten, and the animal smelt about for more, while the two Danais
recently given were still alive. It then readily ate a glossy’ green
Muscid fly. 7
‘Jt then ate the Catopsilia which it had previously refused (see
above), while within two inches of the living D. limniace.
Once or twice, in chasing butterflies, it grabbed at one or both
Danais, but did not bite them.
July 16th. The two Danais put in the cage last night were still
alive and unhurt, though the wings of the D. genutia were torn and rub-
bed. I had noticed the animal smelling this more attentively last night,
and it was more inclined to seize it. The D. limniace was quite untouched.
The Tupaia ate a piece of plantain, and later a cockroach, readily. I then
took out these two butterflies, and offered them to Lizards (see Experi-
ments with a Lizard, under this date, J. A. S. B., 1896, Part IT, p. 46.)
I offered the animal to-day two plain-coloured caterpillars of a
species living in stick cases, which it ate, but rubbed them first
on the ground, and did not gobble them up immediately like the
winged insects. It seemed to have no idea of getting them out of the
cases for itself, though I saw it afterwards nibbling at one of these.
In the evening, the animal being now in the aviary, where there was
plenty of meat, rice, and plantain, I put in with it a disabled Luploea,
which it smelt and refused ; then a disabled Junonia and another non-
warningly-coloured specimen; these it ate readily. Then I gave it a
disabled Danais genutia, which was also examined and refused. Two
non-warningly-coloured specimens like the preceding were then eaten,
wings and all, as usual. I then took out the Hupleoea, and offered it to
a Lizard (see Experiments with a Lizard, loc. cit.)
530 F. Finn— Heperinenis with a Tupaia and a Frog. [ No. 2,
July 17th. I put in the Tupaia’s aviary, where there was still
meat and fruit left over from yesterday, disabled specimens of Danazs
genutia and limniace, and Huploea, the last-named being that which
I had removed on the preceding night. The animal smelt at, but did
not take them, and an hour or so after they were still alive. I took
out the Huploea and Danas, using the former again for Lizards
(see Haperiments with a Lizard, under this date loc. cit.) and returning
the two latter later, after the Tupaia had had a fresh allowance
of meat. They were both now dead; the D. limniace had been wounded
and the D. genutia had lost two legs, but my notes do not state what
had done this. At all events I now took them away finally.
July 18th. I gave the Tupaia in the morning a Neptis kamarupa
(uninjured) which it readily seized and ate. Some of the meat given
the animal yesterday was still at hand.
July 20th. Being unwell to-day, I was indebted to Mr. R. D.
Oldham, of the Geological Survey, for making some observations. He
gave the Tupaia. (which was eager for insects, at any rate) a Papilio
aristolochie, which the animal attacked and killed, eating its head,
However, it was not eager for it, and left it to greedily devour a non-
warningly-coloured specimen.
In the evening, though there was still some meat, Mr. Oldham
found the Tupaia had apparently eaten the body of the P. aristolochiz ;
it then greedily ate a non-mimetic specimen of P. polites, and another
non-warningly-coloured specimen.
Two Danais genutia were then ene by the animal; one was
killed, but not eaten, and the other not even killed.
On the 22nd I found a D. genutia dead and uneaten, but being
attacked by ants, in the Tupaia’s cage, where there was also some
meat and rice.
July 24th. I gave the Tupaia a disabled Danais genutia, which it
smelt at and pawed, but left unhurt.
I then put in a disabled Papilio demoleus, which it ate, Leta
most of the wings.
A large Catopsilia was then eaten more eagerly and entire. The
animal had some meat left from yesterday.
The Tupaia then ate two or three other non-warningly-coloured
butterflies (one of which had been offered to Calotes (see Hxperiments +
with a Lizard, under this date, loc. cit. line 30).
In the evening I gave the Tupaia (which had now only rice avail-
able) a larva of Polytela gloriose. This it did not seem to relish, as
I saw it once flung aside and once dropped; but all, or nearly all, of
it was eaten. These larvae are conspicuously coloured red, black and
white, feed exposed, and do not appear to be touched by wild birds.
1897.) F. Finn — Ezperiments with a Tupaia and a Frog. 531
Another specimen was taken and dropped two or three times, and
then left, still alive. .
The Tupaia shortly vomited freely, and then ate a Papilio ewrypylus
I had just put in. I saw it vomit when being brought from the Bazaar
ina “gharry” however, probably from fear.
Soon after I gave it a Papilio demoleus, which it ate greedily. I
gave disabled specimens of Danais genutia and a non-warningly-
coloured species, previously offered to Lizards ( Hxperiments with a Lizard,
under this date, loc. cit., line 32) to the Tupaia, which ate the latter
and smelt and left the D. genutia, whichI used again for a Lizard
(loc. cit. line 36). The Polytela larva which it had tried, and which
had been crawling about the cage, was now not to be seen. ;
July 25th. In the evening I gave the Tupaia another Polytela
gloriosx larva, which it ate with less signs of dislike. It was seem-
ingly hungry, and it did not vomit afterwards, but then I did not watch
for this.
July 26th. I enticed the Tupaia, which was hungry, into its small
cage with a living Catopsilia, which it ate.
I then put in two dead Catopsilias, and a Danais genutia and D.limniace
alive. One Catopsilia was soon eaten, and the animal then smelt atten-
tively at the D. limniace, but did not touch it. It then found and seized
the other Catopsilia, but only ate the head, if anything.
I then put in a living Huploea, which the Tupaia smelt at and left.
Shortly afterwards, I found this and the two Danais still unhurt,
while the Catopsilia left before had apparently been eaten, and another,
put in alive, was also devoured.
. About an hour afterwards the two Danais and the Huploea were still
unhurt, though the Tupaia had had no food, and readily ate a cockroach.
After this I sent the animal to the Zoological Gardens at Alipore,
where it was placed in a netted cage with another. Here I made a
‘few more experiments with it a few days later.
August 3rd. I offered to the Tupaia (there was food, hard-boiled
egg, in the cage) a Papilio demoleus, which it took and partly ate,
Then I put in a non-mimetic Papilio polites, which it ate all but
the fore-wings and a piece of the hind-wings ; it then ate all the rest
of the P. demoleus except the fore-wings.
P. aristolochizs was then taken, killed, and left. Then the head
was eaten, and the body again left.
Three specimens of P. demoleus were then readily eaten in succes-
sion.
The body and hind-wings of the P. aristolochiz soon disappeared,
but I think I saw it under the sleeping-box in the cage, where no doubt
J. 1. 67
532 F. Finn— Experiments with a Tupaia and a Frog. {No. 2,
it had been taken by the other Tupaia. This was in fear of my animal,
and had had none of the butterflies.
I put in another P. aristolochiz, which was smelt at by both the
Tupaias, but not killed, though my animal then ate a Catopsilia given it. |
Some time later I found this P. aristolochiw dead, and slightly
bitten, but quite whole, having evidently been rejected.
It is obvious that this animal has a very strong objection to the
“protected” Danainze and Papilio aristolochiz, as it so constantly
refused them, and that in the case of the former absolutely, unlike the
Babblers dealt with in my first paper (J. A. S. B. 1895, Pt. II, p.
344), which birds, caged under much the same conditions, generally
* showed their dislike of the Danainx merely by preferring other species.
EXPERIMENTS ON A Boutt-FRoG.
“My experiments on this amphibian, which Dr. Alcock had been
keeping for a little time for use in the Museum, and which he kindly |
allowed me to test upon this subject, were few and not long continued.
But such as they are, I have thought well to insert them, if only for
completeness. The experiments were made soon after I came to India,
in 1894,
November 2nd. Offered a Danais chrysippus to the frog, which was
being regularly fed on cockroaches ; the butterfly was not touched.
November 10th. I put into the cage of the frog, instead of its
usual meal of about a dozen and a half of cockroaches (Periplaneta
americana), one cockroach only, and a Delias eucharis. Before long
both insects had disappeared.
I then put in another D. eucharis, a Danais Siogetie and a smaller
non-warningly-coloured butterfly. Later on I found the Danais was
gone. The others apparently remained,
November 11th. No butterflies left in the frog’s cage.
November 12th. I put in the frog’s cage a Terias, three Dolias
eucharis, and three cockroaches.
November 13th. To-day there were no insects in the cage, and
about five cockroaches were put in by Dr. Alcock, and a Danats chrysip-
pus by myself.
November 14th. The Danais chrysippus given to the frog yesterday
was still there, alive; I saw none of the cockroaches, but did not
specially look for them. I took out the Danais.
November 15th. To-day I put a female Hypolimnas misippus ee
a cockroach in the frog’s cage; there were also two or three more
cockroaches. I did not note what happened next day.
November 17th. No insects left in the frog’s cage. I now put in
”
1897.] L. de N icéville— Description of Neptis praslini. 533:
two cockroaches, but did not note when they were eaten, nor did I make
any more experiments with this frog.
These experiments are hardly sufficient to form any conclusion as
to the tastes of this Amphibian; but it would appear, if anything, to
object to Danais chrysippus more than to Delias eucharis, and not very
seriously to either. But sufficient opportunity for choice was not given.
A toad (Bufo melanostictus) which was also being fed on cockroaches,
and had one in its cage at the time, did not touch a D. chrysippus put
in on November 4th. But one such experiment is practically useless.*
A tree-frog did not eat some Skippers put in, but then as far as
I saw it did not feed at all while I observed it.
* T note on August 24th, 1895, offering a large “‘ glow-worm” to a small toad
at Dehra Dun. The insect was followed about but left; and another small toad
behaved in the same way. In this case the insect was probably too big: but subse-
quently a smaller one offered to a toad was not noticed. The toads were at liberty.
Description of Neptis praslini, Boisduval, and some species allied to
it. —By LioneL DE Nic&vitte, F.E.S., C.M.Z.S., &e.
[Received May 11th ;—Read June 2nd, 1897.]
Neptis praslini, Boisduval, and its allies form avery interesting
little group of the large genus Neptis. They appear to be confined to
the Moluccas, the Papuan group of islands, the Bismarck Archipelago,’
and Northern Australia. So long ago as 1832, Dr. Boisduval noted the
very strong superficial resemblance of Neptis (Limenitis) brebissonii,
Boisduyal, from New Guinea, which is one of the species referred to
in this note, to the butterflies of the genus Tellervo,t Kirby (Hamadryas,
Boisduval, nec Hamadryas, Hiibner, the type of the latter being Papilio
(Vanessa) io, Linneus). The mimicry in this case by the brittle-winged
edible Neptis of the leathery-winged unpalatable T'ellervo is one of the most
remarkable and complete in the entire range of the Rhopalocera. The
sexes probably in all the species of the group here dealt with are well
marked, the male having the inner margin of the forewing on the under-
side and the costal margin of the hindwing on the upperside broadly
furnished with closely-packed shining grey scales which are wanting in’
the female, Both wings of the female also are somewhat broader and
more rounded than in the male. Several authors have placed
“ Timemitis” praslini and its allies in the genus Athyma, which is cer-
tainly incorrect; they are all true Nepies.
+ Tellervo, Kirby, Allen’s Naturalist’s Library, New Hdition, Lepidoptera, part i
Butterflies, vol. i, p. 28 (1894),
534 L. de Nicéville—Description of Neptis praslini. [No. 2,
1. Neptis PRASLINI, Boisduval.
Limenitis praslini, Boisduval, Voy. l’Astrolabe, Ent., part i, p. 181, n. 2 (1832) :
d., Staudinger, Ex. Schmett., p. 146, pl. 1, female [nec male] (1886).
Hasitat: New Ireland (the Neu-Mechlenburg of the Germans)
(Boisduval) ; Cooktown, Queensland, N.-E. Australia (Staudinger).
Expanse: o, 2, 1°45 inches.
Dr. O. Staudinger has figured a female of N. praslini from
Cooktown in N.-E. Australia, and says that the male hardly differs,
but has a broad shining grey costal margin on the upperside of the
hindwing, which is wanting in the female. I propose to consider
Dr. Staudinger’s figure as typical of the species. He goes on to say
that ‘‘ A somewhat larger but very similar species is the N. brebissonii
of Boisduval from New Guinea, which I have received from Dr. Platen
from Waigeu. This differs chiefly in the larger white spots, and in hav-
ing a broad black costal margin on.the underside of the hindwing. How
it happens that these and several other similar species stand in Kirby
under Athyma, I cannot say, as both species are so extremely similar to
one another, and in this case it can hardly be considered to be mimicry.”
I am doubtful if Dr. Staudinger has correctly identified ‘“‘ Limenztis ”
brebissonii, described from New Guinea, as Boisduval makes no mention
of the three prominent white spots in the discoidal cell of the forewing
present in all the species of the group of N. praslini. I possess a single
pair of this species from Cooktown’ kindly sent to me by Dr. O.
Staudinger. It is of course possible that these specimens represent a
species distinct from true N. praslini, but in the absence of New Ireland ,
examples it is impossible for me to say. Boisduval’s original descrip-
tion of this species from New Ireland is very short, the specific definition
being contained in the words “hindwing crossed at the middle by a
large white band.”
This species mimics Tellervo zoilus, Fabricius. In life the eyes of
both species are bright yellow. The specimen figured is a male.
1897. ] L. de Nicéville—Deseription of Neptis praslini, 530
2. Nepris LactarisA, Butler.
Athyma lactaria, Butler, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., third se ries, vol. xvii,
p- 98, n. 1 (1866) ; id, Godman and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 647 ;
Neptis praslini, Kirsch [nec Boisduval], Mitth. Mus. Dresden, vol. i, p. 125,n. 94
(1877); id., Godman and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 158, n. 27 ;. id.,
Oberthiir, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vol. xv, p. 503, n. 121 (1880); Athyma [sic]
praslina [sic], Tryon, Second Ann. Report Adm. Brit. New Guinea, App. v, p. 118
n. 57 (1890); Neptis papua, Oberthiir, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vol. xii, p. 460, n. 40
(1878) ; id., Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. i, p. 352, n. 110 (1894).
Hasitat: Aru Isles; var. la, Dory (Butler); Rubi, N.-W. New
Guinea; Mysore and Jobi Islands (Kirsch) ; New Ireland; mainland
of New Guinea (Godman and Salvin); Vaigheu and Mount Epa in
southern New Guinea; Dorei in New Guinea; Ceram (Oberthiir) ;
Mansinam and Humboldt Bay, N..W. New Guinea (Grose Smith) ;
Ké Isles; Stephansort and Constantinhafen, German New Guinea;
Waigiou or Waygiou (coll. de Nicéville).
. EXxpanse: 6,24 to 2°5; 9, 2°5 to 2'8 inches.
Description: Mae and FEMALE. UNDERSIDE, hindwing differs from
typical N. praslini, Boisduval, from Cooktown, N.-E. Australia, in
having the large discal white area of lesser size, not continued as far as
the costal nervure and joined to the short basal streak in the subcostal
interspace as it is in that species, in N. lactaria the basal streak is quite
isolated from the discal white area. In other respects the two species,
as far as my specimens go, do not differ.
Dr. A. G. Butler gives an excellent description of the species
(except that he does not say what sex he is describing) as Athyma
lactaria from the Aru Islands, and a var. la £ with a narrower band on
the hindwing” from Dory, the latter probably being the Dorey or
Dorei of N.-W. New Guinea. Messrs. Godman and Salvin also record
A. lactaria from the mainland of New Guinea. Herr Th. Kirsch records
it as N. praslint from Rubi on the mainland of N.-W. New Guinea,
and from the neighbouring islands of Mysore and Jobi. He says: “In
536 L. de Nicéville—Description.of Neptis praslini. [No. 2,
the specimens collected in the first two localities [Kordo and Ansus] (on
the islands Mysore and Jobi) the white marking is excessive, as the
outermost of the three existing spots of the elongated band [7. e., the
large triangular spot at the end of the discoidal cell of the forewing] is
lengthened towards the outer margin, and runs into the [submarginal |
row of spots. In the single specimen taken in Rubi on the mainland of
New Guinea the white markings are, on the other hand, reduced to
such an extent that.the linear row of marginal spots on the underside of
the hindwing is altogether wanting, and the inner row is formed of much
smaller spots.’ Messrs. Godman and Salvin record N. praslini from
New Ireland without remark. M. Oberthir records N. praslini from
Vaigheu and Mount Epa in southern New Guinea. He notes that the
description of the species by Boisduval is very short, and would apply
equally well to many closely-allied species of the same group, and that
he considers it better to sink the Neptis papua described by himself to
N. praslini. Mr. Henry Tryon records N. praslint as Athyma praslina
from Milne Bay in British New Guinea. M. Oberthir again des-
cribed the species as Neptis papua, Boisduval MS., from Dorei in New
Guinea and from Ceram. As noted above, he has sunk this name under
N. praslini. Mr. Grose Smith records a long series of both sexes of
N. papua from Mansinam and Humboldt Bay, N.-W. New Guinea, and
says that “The white band which crosses the hindwing is of variable
width, especially in the male.”
Of N. lactaria, as identified by me, I possess three pairs from the
Ké Isles, two females from Stephansort, and one pair from Constantin-
hafen, both in German New Guinea, and two females from Waigiou.
They are characterised by having the discal white band of the hind-
wing broad, occupying seven interspaces on the upperside, eight on
the underside, broadest in the discoidal interspace, regularly tapering
from thence to the abdominal margin, which it does not quite reach.
The additional portion on the underside lies in the subcostal interspace.
On the underside of the hindwing there are two marginal series of
white spots, the anterior one consisting of eight large rounded spots, the
posterior one of a similar number of smaller linear spots.
This species mimics Tellervo zoilus, Fabricius. The specimen figured
is a female from New Guinea.
1897. | L. de Nicéville—Description of Neptis praslini. 537
3. NEPTIS NAUSICAA, N. Sp.
Hasitat: Stephansort, German New Guinea.
EXpPaNsE: 6, 2°4; 9, 2°5 inches.
Description: MALe. UPppErsipE, both wings black, with shining
pearly-white markings. Forewing with a short clavate streak towards
the base, a quadrate spot at the middle, and a large triangular spot
beyond the end of the discoidal cell; two small outwardly-obliquely-
placed subapical spots ; two much larger, the upper the larger of the
two, well-separated rounded discal spots divided by the second median
nervule; three widely-separated submarginal dots. Hindwing with a
broad even-edged discal band, of equal width throughout, occupying
seven interspaces, commencing on the inner margin and ending on the
subcostal nervure; a submarginal series of five small round spots.
UnpersipE, forewing as on the upperside, but the four spots on the disc
a little larger; the submarginal series consisting of six spots. Hindwing
with a short streak towards the base of the wing in the subcostal inter-
space; the discal band a little broader than on the upperside, and with
a small additional portion in the subcostal interspace ; an obsolete series
of elongated spots between the discal band and the submarginal series
“ef spots; the latter consisting of eight spots, which are larger than on
the upperside. Frmaue. Upprrsipe, forewing differs from the male in
the submarginal series of spots being six in number instead of three.
Hindwing has the discal band extended by an additional portion in the
subcostal interspace in one specimen, but not in the other ; the posterior
edge of the discal band irregular, in the male it is even. UNDpERsIDE,
forewing as in the male. Hindwing with the additional portion of the
discal band in the subcostal interspace much larger than in the male.
N. nausicaa differs from N. lactaria, Butler, in the forewing in
having the two discal spots divided by the second median nervule much
smaller and consequently well separated, in N. lactaria they are con-
joined; in the hindwing in having the discal band of the same width
throughout and reaching the abdominal margin, in N. lactaria
538 L. de Nicéville—Description of Neptis praslini. [No. 2,
it is of great width anteriorly, rapidly narrowing to the abdo- —
minal margin, which it does not quite reach; the anterior end of
the discal band in N. nausicaa reaching much closer to the outer margin
than in N. lactarta. On the underside of the hindwing there is a single
subcostal streak, in N. lactaria this streak is much shorter, with an
additional round spot placed posterior to it close to the base of the
wing; and in N. lactaria there is a marginal series of eight linear spots,
which are entirely wanting in N. nausicaa.
I am indebted to Mr. Henley Grose Smith for the gift of the speci-
mens described.
This species mimics Tellervo zoilus, Fabricius. The specimen
figured is a male.
4. NeEPTIS NEMEUS, 0. sp.
Hasitat: New Britain.
Expanse: <', 2:2 inches,
Description: Mate, Uppersipve, both wings black, with shining
pearly-white markings. orewing with a rather long clavate streak
reaching to the base, a rather rounded spot at the middle, and a triangu-
lar spot beyond the end of the discoidal cell; three small outwardly-
obliquely-placed subapical spots; two much larger, the upper the larger
of the two, almost conjoined discal spots divided by the second median
nervule; a submarginal series of six small spots, the series broken in
the middle; a barely traceable marginal series of dots; an elongated
bluish-white streak on the middle of the sutural area. Hindwing with
the middle occupied by an oval patch consisting of five portions ; a sub-
marginal series of six linear spots. UNpERSIDE, forewing with a pale
streak defining the basal half of the subcostal nervure; all the spots on
the disc more prominent than on the upperside, particularly the mar-
ginal linear series. Hindwing with the oval quinquepartite discal area
as on the upperside; anterior to which there is a small round basal
spot, and a lengthened pale subcostal streak; the submarginal spots
1897. ] L. de Nicéville—Description of Neptis praslini. 539
more prominent than above ; with an additional marginal linear series
of eight spots. |
Apart from other characters, the oval white patch confined to the
middle of the hindwing will at once serve to distinguish this species
from N. lactaria, Butler, and N. nausicaa, de Nicéville.
Described froma single example which I have received from Mr.
Henley Grose Smith.
This species mimics Tellervo xquicinctus, Godman and Salvin, or
T. hiero, Godman and Salvin. :
5. NeEptis porcas, Grose Smith.
N. dorcas, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. i, p. 354, n. 115 (1894) ; id., Grose
Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., pl. Neptis i, figs. 7, 8 (1895).
Hasirat: Biak Island, N.-W. New Guinea (Grose Smith).
This species is quite distinct from all those previously mentioned.
It may be known from N. /actaria, Butler, as identified by me, by
the extreme irregularity of the outer edge of the discal white band of
the hindwing, that portion of the band lying in the discoidal interspace
being outwardly greatly lengthened and projecting far beyond the line
of the other portions. The sex of the two specimens described is not
stated, but they are probably females.
In describing this species Mr. Henley Grose Smith refers twice to
the “white oval patch” of the hindwing in N. praslint from New
Ireland. From this I gather that Mr. Grose Smith identifies N. praslini
with the species I have described as N. nemeus, though my specimen
is from a different island, and may be distinct from the New Ireland
form, and that he calls the species I identify as N. lactaria—N. papua.
I have given my reasons above for preferring to apply Boisduval’s name
to the species which Dr. Staudinger has figured, and M. Oberthiir has
described as N. papua, and which the latter writer says is probably the
true N. praslin.
This species mimics Tellervo evages, Godman and Salvin,* or
T. mysoriensis,t Staudinger.
6. Nepris satina, Grose Smith.
N. satina, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. i, p. 352, n. 111, pl. xii, fig. 3, ? male
(1894).
Hasirar: Humboldt Bay, N.-W. New Guinea (Grose Smith).
This species differs from all those previously named in having no
* This name is printed ovages by Kirby in Allen’s Naturalist’s Library, vol. i,
p. 29 ( 1894).
+ Spelt misoriensis on p. 28 and pl. vi of the same work.
oie 11. GO
540 ‘Li. de Nicéville—Description.of Neptis praslini. [No. 2
streaks in the discoidal cell or triangular spot beyond the cell on the
upperside of the forewing, though they are present on the underside.
On the upperside of the wind eta the submarginal series of white spots
is also absent,
7. NEPTIS BREBISSONII, Boisduval.
Limenitis brebissonit, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Ent., part i, p. 132, n. 3 (1832).
Hasitat: New Guinea (Boisduval) ; Waigiou.
EXpPaNsE: 9, 2°5 inches.
Descrretion:. Femate. Uppersitpe, both wings black. Forewing
with a small rounded spot just beyond the middle and a rather larger
one at the end of the discoidal cell, both indistinct, white, irrorated
with black scales; a subapical, outwardly oblique, well separated series
of four white spots, the anteriormost very small, the second elongated
and the largest, the third also elongated, rather smaller than the second,
the fourth round, a little Jarger than the first; two large white spots
on the disc, divided only by the second median nervule; two elongated
white spots on the middle of the inner margin, ayined only by the
submedian nervure; a submarginal series of six small white spots, the
four anterior ones round and pure white, the. two .posterior ones
elongated, somewhat sullied ‘with black scales. Hindwing with a broad
discal white band, divided into eight portions by the crossing veins, not
quite reaching the abdominal margin, ending anteriorly on the first
subcostal nervule, the inner edge of the band straight, the outer edge
somewhat irregular; a barely traceable submarginal series of whitish *
spots between the veins. Unpersipe, both wings black. Forewing with
« prominent quadrate spot just beyond the middle, a triangular spot
beyond the end of the discoidal cell; the subapical and discal spots as
on the upperside; a submarginal series of eight prominent quadrate
white spots, the series broken in the middle, as there is only a
small (instead of a. large) spot in the second median interspace; an
i897. | L. de Nicéville—Description of Neptis praslini. 541
obscure marginal series of elongated white spots between the veins.
Hindwing with a short white streak on the costa at the extreme base of
the wing; posterior to which is another short white streak; the discal
band as above but wider on both edges; a prominent submarginal
series of eight quadrate white spots; beyond which is a marginal series
of six elongated white spots.
This is a very distinct species, differing from N. praslini, Boisduval,
N. lactaria, Butler, N. nausicaa, de Nicéville, N. nemeus, de Nicéville,
N. dorcas, Grose Smith, and N. satina, Grose Smith, in having two
white spots on both sides of the forewing on the sutural area, these
spots being absent in all the species mentioned above. Dr. Boisduval’s
description of it is very short, but as far as it goes it agrees with my
specimen described above.
Described from a single example sent to me by Dr. O. Staudinger.
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Europe, and will be issued with a subsequent
number of the Journal.
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:
JOURNAL
OF THE
ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
—<cho
Vol. LXAVI. Part l1.—NATURAL SCIENCE.
No. III1.—1897.
On New or Little-Known Butterflies from the Indo- and Austro-Malayan
Regions.— By Lionet ve Nickéviuue, F.B.8., C.M.Z.8., &e.
(With Plates J, II, III and IV.)
{Received May 20th ;—Read July 7th, 1897. ]
Family NYMPHALID A.
Subfamily Danainz.
1. Evupia@a (Vadebra) nLwesiana, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 4, &.
Hasitat: Bali; Lombok; Sambawa (Doherty).
Expanse: &, 3°0 to 3°2;° 9, 2°9 to 3:0 inches.
Description: Mate. Uprersipe, both wings deep pitchy-brown colour.
Forewing with the outer margin broadly pale brown, its inner margin
even, broadest at the apex, slightly narrowing to the anal angle.
Hindwing with the outer margin broader and paler than in the fore-
wing, dirty-white in the middle; the costa broadly pale fuscous.
Unpersipe, both wings pale brown. Forewing dark pitchy-brown in the
middle; a rather large reniform pale violet spot at the lower outer
end of the discoidal cell; beyond which are three pale violet spots,
the anterior one in the lower discoidal interspace linear, the one
posterior to this oval, the posteriormost-one the largest and oval;
three or four submarginal white dots. Hindwing with a broad marginal
white area not quite reaching the outer margin or the apex of the
J. i. 69
544 L. de Nicéville — Little-Known Butterflies from the — [No, 3,
wing ; a spot at the end of the cell, and five just beyond the cell, all
of nearly equal size, small, rounded, pale violet ; a submarginal apical
series of three small rounded white spots ; and a marginal apical series:
of five small round white dots. Frat, differs only from the male in
sexual characters, the inner margin of the forewing is straight instead
of being slightly outwardly bowed; with, on the underside, a white
streak in the middle of the submedian interspace.
Mr. Doherty * thus refers to this species under Huplea (Crastia
or Vadebra) palmedo, Doherty :—‘ An allied form occurs in Sambawa,
with the margins broadly whitish as in H. [Vadebra] climena, Cramer
[from Amboina and Ceram], and without the conspicuous subapical white
band of the forewing” of H. palmedo. The species is nearest to Vadebra
macleart, Butler,+ from which it appears to differ in having the outer
margin-of the hindwing on the upperside much less broadly white, and
of a dirty-white instead of ‘“‘ snow-white” shade, with no apical white
spots, in H. macleari there are seven spots in two series, two and five 5
on the underside the outer white area differs as above. From Vadebra
sepulchralis, Butler,{ it appears to differ in having on the underside of
the hindwing a continuous dirty-white marginal area, in that species
this area is broken up into narrow elongated white spots between the
veins. - H. sobrina, Rober, from Goram, and H. neptis, Rober, from
Flores (Tijd. voor Ent,, vol. xxxiv, p. 297 (1891), are probably allied
species, but in the absence of figures it is impossible to say if this is
so with certainty from the short descriptions given of them.
Described from a male taken by Mr. W. Doherty in the low
country of Bali in April, 1896, and two pairs captured by Herr H.
Fruhstorfer at 2,000 feet elevation at Sapit in Lombok in May and
June, 1896. The specimen figured is from Bali.
Subfamily Saryrinz.
2. Lerue (Kerrata) tyncus, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 8, &.
Hasirat: Native Sikkim.
ExpanseE: 6, 2°2 inches.
Description: Mate. Upprrsipr, both wings hair-brown, with a
strong silky ochreous-bronzy gloss; a submarginal deep brown fascia.
Forewing has the discoidal cell crossed by two dark brown bars, one at
the middle, the other towards the end ; a discal irregular dark brown |
* Journ. A. 8S. B., vol. lx, pt. 2, p. 162 (1891).
+ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1887, p. 522, woodcut fig. 4, male, from Christmas
Island.
t Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 282, n. 46, woodeut fig. 2, page ‘283, male,
from Java.
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 545
band from the costa to the submedian nervure, anteriorly broad and
touching the disco-cellular nervules inwardly, posteriorly narrow, be-
tween the first median nervule and the submedian nervure inwardly
oblique; a short subapical pale ochreous bar within the submarginal
fascia reaching from the costa to the upper discoidal nervule. Hindwing
with an indistinct irregular discal dark brown fascia; beyond which are
five round dark brown spots decreasing in size from anteriorly back-
wards. UnprrsIDe, both wings shining pale ochreous, with the markings
darker ochreous. Forewing has the two discoidal bars as on the upper-
side, the inner one broad, the outer one narrow, the space between them
yellow ; the discal fascia is broader and more prominent than above, its
outer edge sharply defined; the discal area beyond is yellow becoming
darker till it is almost lost in the submarginal fascia; the subapical
spots as on the upperside three in number and white; the margin 4s some-
what broadly pale, bisected by a narrow straight brown line. Hindwing
has a basal irregular dark fascia outwardly defined by a narrow yellow
line; beyond which is a dark line from the costa to the submedian ner-
vure where it ends between the points of origin of the first and second
median nervules; a dark fusiform bar defines the disco-cellular nervules ;
a broad highly irregular discal fascia from the costa to the abdominal
margin; a submarginal series of six black ocelli with white pupils,
yellow iris, outer dark ring, with an outermost pale violet ring, the
anal ocellus twinned, all the ocelli of nearly equal size, the first and
fifth slightly larger than the others; the margin bears a somewhat
broad ochreous line, defined on both sides by a dark brown thread,
inwardly again with a pale violet line, somewhat dilated at the anal
angle. Ozlia cinereous throughout.
In India this species is nearest allied to L. tristigmata, Elwes, also
from Sikkim, but it is smaller, the “ male-mark”’ on the upperside of
the forewing on the disc is barely traceable, on the underside of that
wing the four (sometimes five) discal pale violet spots are wanting
being replaced by a short subapical bar, with some other minor
differences. It is still nearer to L. ocellata, Poujade,* from Mou-Pin in
Kastern Thibet, and Omei-shan and Pu-tsu-fong in Western China,
of which L, simulans, Leech, is a synonym, from which it appears to
differ on the upperside of the forewing in the presence of the short
subapical pale bar; the ground-colour of the underside is pale ochreous
instead of “ greyish-brown,” and the discal dark bands of the hind-
wing seem also to be somewhat differently placed. It is also apparently
* Debis ocellata, Poujade, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, sixth series, vol. v, p. x
(1885); Lethe ocellata, Leech, Butt. from China, Japan, and Corea, p. 34, pl. iii,
fig. 3, male (1892).
546 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
allied to L. armandina, Oberthiir,* from Moupin and Western China,
from which it differs in the discal fascia of the forewing on the upperside
not being ‘“‘ bordered outwardly with yellowish,” and the bands of the
hindwing on the underside not being “ violet-grey.”’
Described from a male taken in Native Sikkim at 10,000 feet, in
August, 1895, kindly given to me by Mr. G. C. Dudgeon; and another
in Mr. Dudgeon’s collection from Gantok, also in Native Sikkim, taken
at 7,000 feet in July, 1895.
3. Yproima mneania, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 5, &.
Hasitat: North Shan States, Upper Burma.
Expanse: &, 1:9 inches.
Description: Mate. Uppersine, both wings shining hair-brown, with
an indistinct submarginal fuscous fascia. Cilia cinereous. Forewing
with the usual subapical deep black ocellus bipupilled with silver,
outwardly defined with a dull yellow ring. Hindwing with a similar
unipupilled subanal small ocellus. UNpErsipe, forewing pale brown,
finely and evenly striolated throughout (except narrowly along the
inner margin) with white and ochreous of a curious shade; the ocellus
as above but larger, with the pupils metallic pale blue, and the outer
yellow ring wider than on the upperside. Hindwing with no trace of
ocelli; striolated as in the forewing, but the white and yellow striole
not so niuch intermixed, there being an ill-defined broad yellow fascia
across the disc from the middle of the costa to the middle of the abdo-
minal margin, followed by a still broader but equally ill-defined whitish
fascia, which is broken into broadly on the middle of the outer margin
by a large triangular patch of the yellow striolation.
Y. megalia comes into Group IX of Elwes’ Revision of the genus
Ypthima, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 44, and is nearly allied to
Y. megalomma, Butler, and Y. insolita, Leech, both from China, From
the former (as figured by Leech in Butt. China, p. 86, pl. ix, fig. 2, male)
it differs in its more elongate (less broad and rounded) wings, and the
ocelli of both wings on the upperside very considerably smaller, half
the size in fact. The ocelliin Y. megalomma appear to be variable as
regards numbers, Mr. Leech’s figure shews them as in Y. megalia, but
in the type and in two others in Mr. Leech’s collection there is an extra
ocellus in the forewing on the underside in the first median interspace.
Y. megalia differs from Y. insolita, 1. ¢., pl. ix, fig. 1, male, in also having
the ocelli much smaller; that species on both surfaces has a second
occllus in the first median interspace on the forewing, and three ocelli
(ote apical and two anal) on the underside of the hindwing.
4
* Debis armandinu, Oberthiir, Etudes @’Ent., vol. vi, p. 16, n. 8, pl. vii, fig. 6, male
(1881) ; Zophoessa armandina, Leech, Butt. from China, Japan, and Corea, p. 43 (1892).
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 547
Described from a single example for which I am indebted to Major
F. B. Longe, R. E., captured in the Kokang State, 5,500 feet, North
Shan States, on the Chinese frontier east of Bhamo, on 6th April, 1895.
Subfamily NymMPHALINA.
4, CYNTHIA CYONIA, n. sp., Plate III, Figs. 19, &@ ; 20, 9.
Hasirar: Ké Islands.
EXPANSE: ¢, 34; 9, 3°6 to 3°8 inches.
Desorption: Mate. Uppersipe, forewing differs from C. orahilia,
Kheil,* from Nias Island, in thé discal black line just beyond the discoidal
cell being straighter and thereby more continuous; beyond this there
is a series of six black lunules crossing the middle of the disc, the
auteriormost one developed into a rounded spot, the posteriormost one
W-shaped ; beyond this again there are five small round black spots
placed between the veins (one being wanting in the lower discoidal
interspace), in C. orahilia there are never more than four, and usually
three or two; the interior of the two submarginal black lines is more
lunulated in C. cycnia; and the anteciliary black thread is narrower.
_Hindwing has the interior submarginal black line also more lunulated,
and the anteciliary black thread also inconspicuous, in C. orahilia it is
very prominent. UNpeErsiDE, both wings of a rich red-orange colour
instead of ochreous; the discal black line almost perfectly straight
instead of being irregular ; the interior submarginal line more irregular ;
the markings otherwise similar. In outline C. cycnia has the forewing
more produced at the apex, the outer margin consequently more deeply
excavated ; and the tail of the hindwing is rather longer. Fermate.
Uerersipe, both wings dark ochreous, sprinkled throughout (except a
_ broad discal paler ochreous area) with fuscous, in the male the ground-
colour is rich dark red-orange ; the markings almost precisely similar
to those of the male, differing only in the forewing in the discal black
line just beyond the discoidal cell being broader and lunnlated instead
of being almost straight; and the five discal round black spots are
considerably larger. Unpersipe, both wings differ from the male in being
ochreous instead of red-orange; the markings similar. The female
differs markedly from the same sex of C. orahilia as figured by Herr
Gustav Weymer in having the discal area of both sides of both
wings rich ochreous instead of pure white; the markings, however,
are very similar.
As far as I am aware this is the only species of Cynthia which has
* Qynthia orahilia, Kheil, Rhop. Nias, p. 21, n. 36, pl. ii, fig. 9; male (1884) ; id.,
Weymer, Stet. Ent. Zeit., vol. xlvi, p. 262 (1885); idem, id., l.c., vol. xlviii, p. 5,
n. 2, pl. ii, fig. 3, female (1887).
548 L. de Nicéville — Little-Known Butterflies from the —_[No. 3,
the opposite sexes very similarly coloured, usually the male is tawny
and the female green, with a broad discal white area: inthe female of
C. cycnia there is no trace of either of these colours. In fact, as far as
coloration goes, the female is very similar to the male of C. saloma, de
Nicéville.
Described from two males and two fematés received from Herr
Georg Semper and Herr Heinrich Kiihn.
P. S.—Since the above was put into type, I have received a pair of
CO. erota austrosunda, Fruhstorfer (vide Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlu, p.
(1897), from Lambok, to which species C. cycnia is very nearly allied.
The male differs from that species in having the narrow discal black
line on the underside of the forewing quite straight instead of irregular ;
and the female differs in having the discal band on the forewing con-
siderably broader.
5. APATURA PAGENSTECHERII, n. sp.
A. parvata, Pagenstecher (nec Moore), in Kiikenthal’s Ergeb, Zool. Forsch. Moluk-
ken und Borneo, p. 402, n. 181, pl. xx, fig. 3, female (1897).
-Hasrrat: Celebes ( Donggola).
Expanse: @, 2°6 inches,
Description: Frmaur. I propose to rename after Dr. Arnold
Pagenstecher the species of Apatura he has identified and figured from
Celebes in the work cited above. A. parvata, Moore, was described from
“N. India,” and a male was figured. It occurs somewhat rarely in
Sikkim, Bhutan, and the Khasi Hills, while Mr. Henley Grose Smith
has recorded it, probably erroneously, from Sumatra. The female of
A. pagenstecherii differs from the same sex of A. parvata in its considerably
larger size, all the markings being much more conspicuous, especially
the discal band across both wings, which is pure white as figured in
A. pagenstecherit and ferruginous in A. parvata; in the former thereis a
submarginal series of fuscous lunules, placed ontwardly against a
whitish submarginal line, in the latter the lunules are replaced by oval
spots, and the whitish submarginal line is entirely absent. Superfi-
cially A. pagentecherti is more similar to A. (Jéohana) nakula, Moore,
from Java and Bali, but a comparison between Dr. Pagenstecher’s and
my figures* will disclose at once the many points in which they differ.
6. Nuptis (Phedyma) nuctens, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 3, 9.
Hasitat: Ké Islands.
ExpansE: @, 2°7 inches.
Description: Frmaue. Uppersipe, both wings deep black, with
brillant pure white markings. Forewing with a clavate streak in the
* Journ Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. ix, p. 262, pl. N, fig. 6, female (1895).
1897. | Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. . 549
discoidal cell well separated from an almost quadrate spot beyond the
cell; seven discal spots, arranged three, two, and two, the anteriormost
spot very narrow and on the costa, the second elongated, well separated
from the third, which is oblong with rounded ends; the two middle
spots divided only by the second median nervule the largest, with
rounded ends; the sixth spot small, placed just anterior to the sub-
median nervure; the seventh spot elongated, placed on the sutural
area; two marginal series of spots, the inner one consisting of eight
small rounded spots, the outer one incomplete, five only in number,
and somewhat elongated. Hindwing with a very broad discal band,
broadest in the middle, tapering to either end, extending from the
abdominal margin to the first subcostal nervule, consisting of eight por-
tions, its inner edge straight, its outer edge rather irregular, being cut
into by the black ground-colour where the veins cross the band ; obsolete
submarginal and marginal series of whitish spots, the inner series
towards the costa only being plainly visible. Unpurstpx, both wings
black, but of a.more dusky tint than on the upperside. Forewing with
the markings as above, but there is an additional fine lunulated line
between the discal and marginal series of spots; the two marginal
series of spots much more prominent and larger than above; the inner
margin as far as the submedian nervure and first median nervule pale
fuscous ; the base of the costa orange. Hindwing with a short white
streak at the base of the costa, posterior to this is a broader streak
from the base to beyond the middle of the wing; the discal fascia
as above, but broader, followed first by a fine narrow white line, second
by a series of eight more or less lunular and prominent white spots,
and third by two prominent disconnected marginal white lines, which
-are sullied with black between the second and third median nervules.
Cilia black, here and there white. Body above black, beneath white.
Near to N. shepherdi, Moore, from New South Wales, Australia
(Moore), and North-West New Guinea (Grose Smith), from the figure
of which it differs in having the discal spots on the upperside of the
forewing larger, and an additional spot anterior to the submedian
nervure ; the discal band of the hindwing being much broader; and
from the description (as also my solitary specimen from New Guinea)
in having the underside black, in N. shepherd: it is ‘‘ ferruginous-brown,
suffused in parts with paler brown.” It is probably also near to
Phedyma_ heliopolis, Felder, from Dodinga in Halmaheira (Gilolo)
(Felder), and North-West New Guinea ( Grose Smith), a species I have
not seen.
Described from a single female in very fine condition received from
Herr Heinrich Kuhn.
550 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
7. CALINAGA CERCYON, n. sp., Plate II, Fig. 9, &.
Hasirat: The road between Ta-Tsien-Lot and Mou-Pin, and the
neighbourhood of Ta-Tsien-Lot, Western China (May, 1895).
Expanse: oO, 3:2 inches.
Description: Mate. Allied to C. davidis, Oberthiir, from Moupin,
Kouy-Tchéou, Tsé-Kou, Ta-T'sien-Lot, Oua-Se, Yu-Tong, and Kitchang-
Kou (Oberthiir), Wa-ssu-kow, and Chow-pin-sa, Western China, and
Chang-yang, Central China (Leech), differing therefrom on both surfaces
in the ground-colour of both wings being pale straw-yellow instead of
pale greenish-gray, and all the markings clear and unsullied, in
C. davidis many of them are sullied with dusky scales, this is parti-
eularly noticeable in the discoidal cell of the forewing which has no
dusky irrorations whatever except a very small outwardly oblique
blackish bar beyond the middle; the pale streaks beyond the cell at the
base of the median interspaces, and the very large one in the submedian
interspace similarly have no dusky irrorations whatever ; the outwardly-
obliquely-placed discal series of spots from the costa to the third
median nervule, and the submarginal series of seven rounded spots are
also considerably larger. In the hindwing the discoidal cell has no
markings whatever, in C. davidis there is usually a narrow outwardly
bifurcated dusky streak, and the cell is always heavily bordered by
dusky scales; all the spots on the disc are also much larger in the
present species than they are in GC. davidis ; the submedian interspace
also is at the base entirely free of dusky irrorations, while in C. davidis
the anterior half between the internervular fold and the median
nervure and first median nervule is dusky. It differs from C. buddha,
Moore, in the ground-colour being pale straw-yellow instead of chalky-
white, all the markings larger, especially those on the hindwing, the
discoidal cell of the forewing being free of dusky irrorations, in
CO. buddha it is as dusky as in C. davidis, and it is also a much smaller
insect.
M. Oberthiir says that his original type specimen of C. davidis was
a male, but from the figure I should say that it must certainly be a female.
Mr. Leech in “The Butterflies of China, Japan, and Corea’”’ has beauti-
fully figured an undoubted male on plate xx, fig. 1. He notes on
page 119 that C. davidis has two forms, the one from Moupin, Wa-ssu-
kow and Chow-pin-sa in Western China being typical, while the one
from Chang-yang in Central China, where it is common and “is the
sole representative of the species, but also occurs sparingly in Western
China, is greyish with the whitish markings well defined; the streaks
and spots are often confluent, giving the appearance of a whitish insect
with greyish marginal border and blackish venation.” This description
1897.] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 551
‘apparently applies to OC. cercyon, and as my specimens are distinguish-
able at a glance from typical C. davidis, both species being apparently
constant (Mr. Leech does not hint at any intermediate form occurring),
I have ventured to describe it. M. Oberthiir (Etudes d’Ent., vol. xviii,
p. 14 (1893), also apparently refers to this species in speaking of
C. davidis, and says: “ The whitish spots are often confluent, which gives
these specimens a less grey and less dark appearance.”
I am indebted to M, Charles Oberthiir for the gift of two speci-
mens of CO. cercyon, and five males and one female of C. davidis, the
latter specimens shewing no variation whatever. A comparison between
the figures of C. davidis and (. cercyon will make it apparent at once
in what respects the two species differ. At present there are five
species known of this interesting genus :—
(1) Calinaga buddha, Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus.
H. I. C., vol. i, p. 163, n. 336, pl. iiia, fig. 5, male (1857); id., de
Nicéville, Butt. Ind., vol. ii, p 143, n. 435, Frontispiece fig. 122, male
(1886) ; id., Staudinger, Ex. Schmett., p. 138, pl. xlvii, male (1886) ;
C. brahma, Butler, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xvi,
p- 309, n. 63 (1885).
Hasitat: Himalayas; Assam.
(2) Calinaga davidis, Oberthir, Etudes d’Ent., vol. iv, pe: 107,
(1879); id., Leech, Butt. China, vol. i, p. 118, pl. xx, fig. 1, male
(1894) ; C. buddha, Oberthiir (nec Moore), 1. ¢., vol. vi, p. 11, n. 1, pl.
‘viii, fig. 6, female (nec male) (1881).
Hasitat: Western China.
(3) Calinaga sudassana, Melvill, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p.
“121, pl. vii, figs. 1, 2, female (? male).
Hasitat: Mountainous regions about 100 miles N.-W. of Cheing
Mai, Siam; Kunlon, Salwin Riven, N. Shan States, Upper Burma.
Mr. J. C. Melvill says that his type specimens (three) are
females. To judge from the example in my collection from Upper
Burma and from the figure I should say that all the known specimens
are males.
(4) Calinaga lhatso, Oberthiir, Etudes d’Ent., vol. xviii, p. 13,
pl. vi, fig. 81, male (1893) ; id., Leech, Butt. China, p. 652 (1894).
Hapitat: Tsé-kou, Thibet.
M. Oberthiir notes that at Tsé-kou are found C. davidis, C. buddha,
and C. lhatso.
(5) Calinaga cercyon, de Nicéville.
Hasirat: The road between Ta-Tsien-Lot and Mou-Pin, and the
neighbourhood of Ta-Tsien-Lof, in Western China.
J. 16.49
552 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
8. Craraxes (Haridra) arisrociron, Felder, Plate II, Figs. 11, 12
gynandromorphous example. :
C. aristogiton, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. iii, p. 445, n. 727 (1867); id.,
Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 121, n. 18 [err. 88]; idem, id., Journ., Linn.
Soc. Lond., Zoology, vol. xxv, p. 397, n. 139 (1896); id., de Nicéville, Butt. India,
vol. ii, p. 282, n. 573 (1886) ; idem, id., Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. v, p- 296,
n. 50 (1890); id., Adamson, Cat. Butt. Burmah, p. 20, n. 207 (1889); C. (Haridra)
aristogiton, de Nicéville, Sikhim Gazetteer, p. 148, n. 236 (1894); id., de Nicéville
and Martin, Journ. A. S. B., vol. Ixiv, pt. 2, p. 438, n. 264 (1895); Haridra
aristogiton, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. ii, p. 236, pl. clxxiii, figs. 1, la, male (1895);
Charares aristogeton [sic], Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 368, n. 214;
Haridra aristogon [sic], Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 289, n. 196;
Charazes desa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 832; id., de Nicéville, Butt.
India, vol. ii, p. 283, n. 574 (1886); Haridra desa, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. ii, p, 235)
pl. clxxii, figs. 1, la, male; 1b, 1c [err. e], female (1895); Haridra adamsoni, Moore,
Lep. Ind., vol. ii, p. 236, pl. clxxiii, figs. 2, 2a, male (1895).
Hasitat: Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Burma, the Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra.
The gynandromorphous specimen of C. artstogiton, Felder, here
figured, has been kindly leut to me by Herr Paul Moéwis, who obtained
it from a native collector at Darjiling in Sikkim. The true female of
this species has not hitherto been known, though that of C. desa,
Moore, which Dr. A. G. Butler and I consider to be the same species,
is described and figured in Mr. Moore’s ‘ Lepidoptera Indica.” I take
this opportunity to state my opinion, in which Captain E. Y. Watson
joins, than whom no one knows the butterflies of Burma better, that
besides C. desa, which Mr. Moore restricts to Upper Tenasserim,
C. adamsoni, Moore, from the same locality, is also synonymous with
CO. aristogiton. The species, as are all the tawny Charuzes, is variable,
no two specimens in my collection being precisely alike, so that there
is no gain to science (nor does it give expression to a real fact in nature)
to pick out extreme individual varieties and give them distinctive
specific names, more especially when, as in the present case, these
varieties are not restricted to well-defined geographical areas.
In the Journ. A.S. B., vol. lxiii, pt. 2, p. 8, n. 7 (1894), I described
and figured on pl. iii, figs. 1, 2, a gynandromorphous example of
Argynnis niphe, Linneus, from Behar, and gave a list of four specimens
of other Asiatic species known to me. Mr. Méwis informs me that he
once purchased from a soldier at Deolali, Nasik, Bombay Presidency,
a specimen of a Quretis now in Colonel Swinhoe’s collection, which was
very conspicuous, as the male side was copper-coloured, the female side
white. He also obtained a specimen of Appias hippo, Cramer= A. hip-
poides, Moore, from Sikkim, which he parted with to Herr A. Boitcher
of Berlin, I have come across other references to these monstrosities
Pld
Journ Asiat.Soc Bengal 1897. ValLXVI.
Le;
TIT ot
“i Witty
Pd
ae
f
Los Nic
West Newmam chromo.
INDO- AND AUSTRO-MALAYAN BUTTERELIES
BL Des del.
Pu ae
Ls NICEVILLE, Journ Asiat. Soc.Bengal, 1897, Vol.LXVI.
BL Des del.
West, Newman. chromo.
INDO- AND AUSTRO-MALAYAN BUTTERFLIES:
L.os NICEVILLE, Journ. Asiat. Soc.Bengal,1897. Vol [XVI PLU.
BILDés del. West, Newman chromo.
INDO-AND AUSTRO-MALAYAN BUTTERFLIES
Loe NICEVILLE, Journ. Asiat.Soc.Bengal 1897. Val LXVI PI Iv
BL Dos del. Weet Newman chromo.
INDO-AND AUSTRO-MALAYAN BUTTERFLIES.
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 503
from Asia. In Horsfield and Moore’s Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C., vol.
i, p. 158, n. 327 (1857), a “hermaphrodite” specimen of Diadema
[| Hypolimnas] bolina, Linneus, is recorded from Canara in South
India. Dr. A. G. Butler in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 172, wood-
cut n. 1, p. 173, describes and figures a ‘‘ hermaphrodite” Danais (Nasuma)
_ ismare, Cramer, the left-hand side being a male (D, ismare), the right-
hand side being a female (D. ismareola, Butler). Mr. H. J. Elwes in
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 408, n. 357, records a gynandromor-
phous specimen of Delias descombest, Boisduval, from Sikkim. Dr.
K. Haase in Iris, vol. i, p. 36, pl. ili, flg. 2 (1888), describes and figures
a hermaphrodite specimen of Danais (Nasuma) tsmare, Cramer, from
Ceram. Herr Eduard G. Honrath in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xxxii,
p- 499, woodcut fig. A (1888), figures from Minahassa (Celebes),
Charaxis affinis, Butler, the left-hand side being a male ((. affnis),
and the right-hand side a female (0. wallacei, Butler), This speci-
men is referred to in Dr. Staudinger’s Hx. Schmett., p. 168 (1886).
Mr. J. H. Leech in Butt. from China, Japan, and Corea, p. 436, pl.
xxxiv, fig. 14 (1893), describes and figures a partially gynandrous
example of Colias hyale, Linneus, from Japan; and at page 441, pl.
xxxv, fig. 4, of the same work, a gynandrous Gonepteryx rhamni,
Linneus, from Wa-shan in Western China. Finally, Herr Egon
Kretzschmar in Iris, vol. vi, p. 160 (1893), records a hermaphrodite
specimen of Lethe mekara, Moore, from “ Hindostan.”
9. CHaraxes (Haridra) staubDINGERI, Rothschild.
C. staudingeri, Rothschild, Iris, vol. vi, p. 349, n. 2 (1894); idem, id., Nov.
Zool., vol. ii, pl. viii, fig. 2, male (1895); id., Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
- Zoology, vol. xxv, p. 389, n. 113 (1896) ; C. durnfordi staudingeri, Fruhstorfer, Ent.
Nach., vol. xxiii, p. 236 (1897).
Hasitat: Java (Rothschild, Butler, Fruhstorfer, and coll. de Nicéville),
ExpansE: 6, 3°5 to 40 inches.
Description: Mare. Uppersipe, both wings differ from Messrs.
Grose Smith and Kirby’s* and Mr. Moore’s+ figures of the same sex of
C. nicholit, Grose Smith, from Hast Pegu, Burma, in having the ground-
colour throughout dark ferruginous-brown, instead of dark brown at the
base only with the outer half of the forewing blue-black. Forewing has
both series of lunular discal white spots smaller, the inner series more
or less obsolete save the two anteriormost spots; the yellowish-white
longitudinal band extending nearly half-way along the inner margin
in CO. nicholii is reduced in C. staudingert to a comma-shaped white spot
in continuation of the outer discal series of spots; and there are no
* Rhopalocera Exotica, pl. Charazes ii, figs. 1, 2, male (1887).
+ Lepidoptera Indica, p. 246, vol. ii, pl. clxxxii, fig. 2, male (1895).
554 L. de Nicéville —Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
white marks on the margin. Hindwing differs in having the outer-
third of the wing pure white instead of creamy-white, this area being
of much less extent than in C. nicholii, with its inner edge nearly
straight instead of deeply indented; the series of eight diamond-
shaped, black, white-centered spots on the band twice as large
and very conspicuous; the marginal line much more prominent.
Unpersip£&, both wings agree almost precisely with the figure of the
male of O. durnfordi, Distant,* from Sungei Ujong in the Malay
Peninsula; but the dark discal band of the forewing is broader in
CO. staudingert.
Described from three specimens kindly sent to me by Herr G. Hop-
penstedt, captured in the Preanger district, a mountainous region near
Batavia in North-Western Java; and one from Mount Gede, Western
Java, 4,000 ft., captured by Herr H. Frubstorfer, and kindly sent to me
by him. He has quite recently described the hitherto unknown female.
10. CnHaraxes (Haridra) connectens, n. sp., Plate III, Fig. 24, 3.
Charazes (Haridra) durnfordi, de Nicéville and Martin [nec Distant], Journ.
A. 8. B., vol. Ixiv, pt. 2, p. 437, n. 262 (1895).
Hasirat: N.-E. Sumatra.
Expanse: 6, 4°1 inches.
Description: Mare. Uppersipve, forewing agrees with Messrs.
Grose Smith and Moore’s figures of the same sex of 0. nicholii, Grose
Smith, in having the basal area of the same shade of “dark brown”
(dark castaneous), but is of greater extent, occupying the whole of the
discoidal cell, and reaching nearly as far as the interior of the two discal
series of white spots; differs also in having two additional elongated
white spots forming a commencement to a third series just behind the
costa, divided by the upper discoidal nervule; both discal series of
white spots are also smaller, the spots apparently further apart owing
to their smaller size ; and the longitudinal band on the sutural area at
the outer angle almost obsolete: differs from Mr. Distant’s figure of
C. durnfordi in having the basal area very much darker, being dark
castaneous instead of “dark brownish-ochraceous;” in that species
also the outer angle extending some distance along the outer and inner
margins is pure white, in the present species the outer angle is only
obsoletely sordid white: differs from C. staudingeri, Rothschild, des-
cribed above, in having the basal area of a distinctly lighter shade
than the outer portion of the wing (which is black), in that species it
is dark ferruginous-brown throughout ; and in having the inner discal
series of white spots complete, in C. staudingert the inner series is
obsolete except the two anteriormost spots ; and that species does not
* Rhopalocera Malayana, p. 432, n 9, pl. xl, fig. 8, male (1886).
1897.] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 555
possess the two spots of the third innermost series. Hindwing differs
from C. nicholii in having the dark castaneous basal area of greater
extent, therein agreeing with C. durnfordi and OC. staudingeri, thereby re-
ducing the breadth of the outer white area, which is pure white as it
is in C0. durnfordi and C. staudingert, instead of creamy-white as in
C. nicholii ; the inner edge of the white band very uneven as it is in
C. nicholit and C. durnfordi, in C, staudinger? it is nearly straight ; the eight
white-centered submarginal black spots of the same size as in OC. durn-
fordi and C. staudingeri, but much larger than in C. nicholit; the marginal
dark line prominent as in 0. durnfordi and C. staudingeri, in CO. nicholit
it is obsolete. Unpersipz, both wings with the ground-colour similar
to that of C. durnfordi and C. staudingert, but much lighter than in
0. nicholit. Forewing has the dark discal band as broad as in CO. stau-
dingeri, therefore much broader than in C. durnfordi; in C. nicholit the
ground-colour and markings are very obscure. O. everetti, Rothschild,
Iris, vol. vi, p. 348, n. 1 (1894), and Nov. Zool., vol. 11, pl. viii, fig. 1, male
(1895), from the Barram River, British North Borneo, is quite distinct
from C. connectens, the upperside of the forewing has the white markings
many times larger, as also are the submarginal black white-centered
spots on the hindwing, while the ground-colour of both wings on the
upperside is much paler, of a much less rich chestnut or ferruginous
shade.
Described from a single example in my collection. Hofrath Dr. L.
Martin possessed four males and a female of this species from N.-E.
Sumatra, these specimens have probably passed into the possession
of the Hon. Walter Rothschild. Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra,
Java, and Borneo each has a local representative of this very distinct
group of the genus.
Family LEMONIIDA.
Subfamily Nemeonrna.
11. Dopona pDRACcON, n. sp., Plate II, Fig. 14, &.
Hasitat: North Shan States, Upper Burma.
Expanse: o@, 1:5 inches.
Descriprion: Mane. Uppersipe, both wings glossy hair-brown.
Forewing bears on the disc numerous pale ferruginous spots, those to-
wards the costa being whitish. Hindwing bears on the outer half four
somewhat obscure macular pale ferruginous bands; the anal lobe is
black, bisected longitudinally by an ochreous line, which line is con-
tinued along the submedian nervure almost to the base of the wing.
UnpbersibDE, both wings clear brownish-ochreous, with pure white
556 L. de Nicéville — Little-Known Butterflies from the [ No. 3,
markings ; two subbasal decreasing white bands, commencing broadly on »
the forewing at the costa, ending on the submedian nervure, commencing
again on the hindwing at the costa, near the anal angle approaching
each other and becoming very narrow, recurved to the abdominal
margin. Forewing with two short parallel white lines at the end of
the discoidal cell; placed anteriorly midway. between these two lines
is a trifid white spot which reaches the costa, and posteriorly are two
other spots also placed midway between the cell lines, the anterior one in
the first median interspace, the posterior one placed a little outwardly as
regards the spot anterior to it in the submedian interspace; beyond
these two last-named spots are three other spots, the uppermost is
white and is in the second median interspace, the other two are black
and placed posterior to it; a trifid subapical spot from the costa to the
upper discoidal nervule; a submarginal series of small white spots ;
and a fine white marginal line. Hindwing with a short narrow white
line on the middle of the disc from the second subcostal to the second
median nervule; two fine submarginal white lines ; the anal lobe black,
bisected as above by an ochreous line, the lobe anteriorly defined by a
white line, anterior to this again isa fine black zigzag line extending
from the abdominal margin to the second median nervule ; the abdomi-
nal margin bears three fine parallel white lines, the innermost on the
extreme margin. Antenne black. Thorax and abiiomen above black,
beneath whitish. Ozlca whitish.
Near to D. dipea, Hewitson, which occurs in the Himalayas from
Mussoorie to Sikkim, and again in the Naga Hills; differs therefrom
in its smaller size, the clearer ochreous shade of the ground-colour on
the underside, all the bands and spots being pure white instead of more
or less ochreous or silvery, and the anal lobe being bisected by an
ochreous line. D. dracon agrees very closely with the two specimens
of a Dodona probably from Western Yunan referred to in the last para-
graph of the description of D. dipwa in Butt. of India, vol. ii, p. 31],
but those specimens are larger, the ground-colour on the underside is
of a more reddish shade, and all the markings are not of so pure a
white colour, nor are they quite so clearly defined.
Described from a single example taken at Kangmong in Hsenwi,
North Shan States, on 9th March, 1895, by Major F. B, Longe, R. E.,
who has generously presented the specimen to me.
Family LYCANIDA.
12. Casratius roxana, de Nicéville, Plate IT, Fig. 10, &.
C. roxana, de Nicéville, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. x, p. 633, n.1 (1897);
id., Watson, |. c., p. 661, n. 165.
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 557
Hasitat: North Shan States and North Chin Hills, Upper Burma,
Expanse: 3, 1:0 inch.
Description: Maue.- Uppersipe, both wings white. Forewing with
‘a broad basal black area which is reduced at the middle of the costa to
a fine line, and gives off a small black tooth at the end of the discoidal
cell; the outer margin broadly but decreasingly black; from the second
median nervule to the inner margin are two conjoined round black spots,
the upper the smaller, the lower joined posteriorly to the outer black
margin. Hindwing with a submarginal series of six round black spots
‘placed in pairs; the outer margin narrowly black. Unpgrsipn, both
‘wings white. Forewing with an oblique basal black band which reaches
the costa at about its middle; a submarginal series of conjoined round-
ed black ‘spots, the series broken at the second median nervule, the
portion posterior to that veinlet being shifted well towards the base of
the wing; the outer margin narrowly black, bearing an obscure very.
fine macular white line. Hindwing with the base narrowly black; the
three submarginal pairs of black spots as on the upperside; the
margin narrowly black, including a series of small white spots. Cilia
black. :
Allied to OC. rowus, Godart, differing therefrom (as figured by
Horsfield in Cat. Lep. Mus. H. I. Co., pl. ii, figs. 4, 4a (1828), from
Java), in having the white area on the upperside of the forewing
somewhat larger; in the hindwing the white area is twice as extensive,
permitting the appearance of the three pairs of black spots near the
‘margin which in C. rowus are lost in the outer black area occupying
nearly half the surface; on the hindwing on the underside there are
two black spots only in the middle of the submarginal series, in
CO. roxus there are three; and the marginal series of white spots on both
wings are far more prominent in (. roxus than in C. rozana. Dr. O.
‘Staudinger in Iris, vol. ii, pp. 95, 96 (1889), has described “ Lyceena”
roxus, var. angustior from Palawan in the Philippines; D. roxus, var.
celebensis, from Celebes ; and DL. roxus, var. cohserens from New Guinea,
Timor, and Wetter, None of these varieties agree with the present
‘form.
Described from a single example -kindly given to me by Major
F. B. Longe, R. E., which was captured by the donor in the Kokang
State in the North Shan States on the Chinese frontier east of Bhamo,
at 5,500 feet elevation. Capt. E. Y. Watson possesses another speci-
men from the Upper Chindwin Valley in Upper Burma, taken in
March, 1893, and Colonel C. H. E. Adamson probably possesses a third
specimen from Burma taken at Aloungdan Kathapa, in the Lower
Chindwin District, in January. |
558 L. de Nicéville— Little- Known Butterflies from the [ No. 3,
13. Hypo.yc@Na DANISOIDES, n. sp., Plate III, Fig. 21, 9.
Hasitat: Ké Islands. [? Mansinam and Ceram, Grose Smith. ]
Expanse: 2, 1°4 inches.
Description: Fematn. Uppersipe, both wings differ from the
figure of “ Myrina” danis, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., vol. ii, p. 240,
n. 273, pl. xxx, figs. 12, 13, female (1865), from Halmaheira (Gilolo),
in having the discal white band fully twice as broad, with straighter
edges, thereby greatly reducing the extent of the plumbeous ground-
colour. UNDERSIDE, both wings have the discal white band of the same
breadth as in “ M.” danis, but that species as figured has its outer edge
tinted with yellow, there being no trace of this colour in the species
here described. Mate (also of M. danis) unknown.
The lunular markings on the upperside of the hindwing are most
gorgeously iridescent, varying in different lights from dull leaden-blue
‘to brilliant purple and then to emerald-green. On the underside these
markings are metallic (not iridescert) pale silvery-blue.
Described from a single specimen received from Herr Heinrich
Kihn.. It has only two subcostal nervules to the forewing, and appears
to be a true Hypolycena. This is probably the species referred to by
Mr. Henley Grose Smith in Novitates Zoologices, vol. i, p. 583, n. 267
(1894), under the name of Sithon danis, Felder, thus :—‘‘ One example
from Mansinam [ ? Dutch N.-W. New Guinea]. The white area is more
extended on both wings than in Felder’s type, but I have specimens in
my collection from Ceram, captured by Mr. Wallace, which agree with
Mr. Doherty’s specimen. Possibly it may be a distinct species.”
Mr. Hamilton H. Druce in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist, sixth series,
vol. xiii, p. 252 (1894) notes :—"‘ Myrina danis, Felder, cannot, in my
opinion, be placed in this genus [Hypochlorosis, Rober = Pseudonotis,
H. H. Druce] as, besides possessing two tails and a distinct lobe to the
anal angle, it presents a somewhat different arrangement of the ner-
vules in the forewing, the costal nervure and the first subcostal nervule
being bent towards each other and running side by side for some short
distance. The palpi, as pointed out by Dr. Felder, are different, the
third joint being longer and the second shorter; the eyes also are
hairy. It is closely allied to Hypolycena.”
Genus BULLIS, nov.
Very close to Britomartis, mihi, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol.
ix, p. 304 (1895), from which it differs only in the absence in the male
of a large patch of androconia on the upperside of the forewing
occupying the outer three-fourths of the discoidal cell, and extending
into the discoidal and median interspaces; the apex of the forewing
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. BBY
is more produced, the outer margin consequently straighter; the second
subcostal nervule arises nearer to the first than to the apex of the
discoidal cel!, in Britomartis it arises nearer to the end of the discoidal
cell than to the first subcostal nervule; no third subcostal nervule.
The eyes are naked. Type, Britomartis buto, de Nicéville, 1. ¢., p. 308,
n. 29, pl. P, fig. 41, male (mec female).
: (1) Botzis puro, de Nicéville.
Britomartis buto, de Nicéville, Journ. Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. ix, p. 308, n. 29,
pl. P, fig. 41, male (nec female) (1895),
Hasirat: Ataran Valley and Daunat Range, Tenasserim, Burma;
N.-E. Sumatra.
14. (2) Bottis vanentia, Swinhoe, Plate III, Figs. 18, @;17, °@,
Tajuria valentia, Swinhoe, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., sixth series, vol. xvii,
p. 358 (1896.)
Hapitat: Cherra Punji (Swinhoe) ; Khasi Hills, Assam.
Expanse: 3, 1:20; 9, 1:15 inches.
Description: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings differ only from B. buto,
de Nicéville, in having the blue coloration of a slightly richer and
deeper shade and not turning to emerald-green in any light as it does
in B. buto. Unperstpe, both wings have the ground-colour of a darker,
more plumbeous, shade. Forewing has the narrow discal macular band
or line straight, not slightly outwardly curved ; it is also more irregu-
lar and broken. Hindwing has the marginal black spot in the first
median interspace less broadly crowned with yellow of a darker shade ;
_ and the short yellow band anterior to the anal lobe is half as broad and
therefore further removed from the discal line, and of a deeper shade
of yellow. Femane. Uppersipe, both wings dull fuscous; cilia cine-
reous. Jorewing has the discoidal cell, the base of the wing, and the
_ disc as far as the inner margin dull blue. Hindwing has the costa only
broadly plumbeous or dull fuscous; the abdominal margin whitish:
the rest of the surface dull blue; a small obscure round marginal black
spot in the first median interspace ; a marginal black thread inwardly
defined with a still narrower white thread extending from the anal
angle as far as the blue area reaches; the anal lobe small and black,
bearing outwardly a few dull blue scales. UNpzrsIDE, both wings ag in
the male.
Described from nine males and one female kindly sent to me by
the Rev. Walter A. Hamilton. The acquisition of both sexes of
B. valentia makes it clear that the specimens of B. buto described by me
are males and not females. The absence of the ‘“ male-mark ” which
is SO Conspicuous in Britomartis cleoboides, Elwes, led me to conclude
J. ou. 71
560 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
that my specimens were females, though the shape of the wings should
have enlightened me as to their true sex. A closely allied species
appears to be the “ Tujuria”’ dominus from Kina Balu, Borneo, described
by Mr. H. H. Druce in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 600, pl. xxxiii,
fig. 12, male, but that species has the ‘“‘ sexual mark” on the upperside
of the forewing in the male more isolated, being outwardly bounded bya
streak of the blue ground-colour, the apex of the hindwing is more
broadly black; and on the underside the anal area of the hindwing is
much more broadly yellow, the two patches being confluent instead of
well separated. The shape of the hindwing also differs, it being much
more produced at the apex in T. dominus than in B. valentia. As Mr.
Druce has placed dominus in the genus Tajuria it is presumed that it
has three subcostal nervules to the forewing unlike valentia, which has
only two, though Colonel Swinhoe overlooked that fact. I had described
this species as new before Colonel Swinhoe’s description of it was pub-
lished. I have, however, since received a specimen of his species from
him, and find that the two are synonymous, so my MS. name is of course
suppressed.
15. Hysupra(?) Hanes, de Nicéville, Plate IV, Fig. 29, 9.
H. (?) hades, de Nicéville, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. ix, p. 318, n. 34,
pl. P, fig. 46, male (1895).
Hasitat: Daunat Range, Tenasserim, Burma.
Expanse: @, 1°5 and 1°7 inches.
Description: FrmaLe. Upprrsipe, both wings hair-brown with a
distinct gloss in some lights. Cilia cinereous. Forewing somewhat
paler on the disc. Hindwing with the costal and abdominal margins
somewhat paler than the rest of the surface; the anal lobe bearing a
small obscure black and dull ochreous spot. UNDERSIDE, both wings grey,
of a paler shade than in the male, but all the markings precisely the
same.
Described from two examples in my collection.
16. RAPALA ALBAPEX, n. sp., Plate III, Fig. 23, 2.
Deudori« domitia, H. Druce (nec Hewitson), Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1873,
p- 358, n. 1; Rapala domitia, H. H. Druce, 1. c., 1895, p. 624.
Hasitat: Borneo (H. Druce) ; Labuan (H. H. Druce) ; Sandakan,
North Borneo.
Expanse: 6, 1°65 inches. '
Description: Mare. Uppersipe, both wings bronzy shining brown.
Forewing with an elongated fusiform discal pale yellow streak, highly
attenuated at both ends, occupying the posterior half of the discoidal
cell but not reaching the base, extending beyond the cell into the
lower discoidal interspace ; the apex broadly dusted with white scales,
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 561
this white area ending in the middle of the first median interspace.
Hindwing with the costa as far asthe subcostal nervure and the second
subcostal nervule pale yellow, with two somewhat indistinct similar
streaks in the subcostal and discoidal interspaces ; the apex narrowly
pale yellow; the abdominal margin broadly pale yellow; the anal
lobe pale yellow, outwardly with a crescent of black scales; a white
anteciliary line from the anal angle to just beyond the root of the
tail; tail black with a white tip. Cilia of the forewing from the
apex as far as the first median nervule white, with a prominent anteci-
liary black thread, posteriorly black; of the hindwing pale yellow
at the apex, thence to the anal angle black, Unpersipp, both wings
pale yellow. Forewing with the inner margin whitish centred with
fuscous; a large prominent black spot crossing the middle of the
discoidal cell; a similar wedge-shaped one at the middle of the costa ;
and a smaller round one in the second median interspace; a prominent
anteciliary black thread ; the sexual tuft of hairs from the inner margin
near the base of the wing turned under and forwards rather small
and deep black. Hindwing with an elongated oval marking anterior
to the anal angle commencing from the internal nervure, consisting of
a pale yellow centre, bounded by a black line, and then an equally
broad bluish-white line, this ring-spot gives off outwardly a short black
line, which is posteriorly defined by a bluish-white line; a marginal
black fascia, commencing very narrowly at the lower subcostal nervule,
increasing in width till it reaches the third median nervule; in the
submedian interspace a little removed from the margin is a clump of
irrorated black scales ; the anal lobe is black, crowned with a clump of
pale silvery-greenish scales. Cilia of the forewing anteriorly whitish,
posteriorly black; of the hindwing anteriorly as far as the lower sub-
costal nervule pale yellow, thence to the second median nervule black,
thence to the anal angle white tipped with black. Antenne black, but
the base of the club white. Fons and palpi pale yellow; a pale yellow
line surrounding the eyes. Body above dark brown, beneath and legs
pale yellow.
Mr. H. H. Druce has (l.c.) given a short description of this
species, but did not name it. It can at a glance be distinguished from
“ Deudoriz””’ domitia, Hewitson, from Malacca (Butler and Staudinger),
Singapore (Hewitson), Sumatra (Grose Smith), Kepras, N.-E. Sumatra
(de Nicéville and Martin), and Billiton Island (Snellen), by the pale
yellow markings of both wings on the upperside, and by the apical
white patch on the forewing; on the underside the ground-colour is
of a much paler shade of yellow.
Described from a single example kindly given to me by Mr. E. F.
Skertchly, who captured it at Sandakan on the 10th May, 1888.
562 i, de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [ No. 3,
Family PAPILIONIDAL.
Subfamily Prerina.
17. Dewras Dives, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 1, &.
Hasitat: Penang.
EXxpanse: o&, 2°6 inches,
Description: Mare. Uppersipe, both wings chalky-white, all the
veinsblack. Forewing with the discoidal cell, especially outwardly, slight-
ly dusted with black scales; the outer margin black, this black border
extending along the veins for a short distance, the area between this black
border and the end of the cell heavily sprinkled with black scales.
Hindwing unmarked, except that the outer margin is narrowly black.
UnpErsIDE, forewing white ; the costa broadly extending into the dis-
coidal cell and all the veins heavily bordered with black, so that the
ground-colour is reduced to narrow streaks between the veins; a sub-
apical series of five prominent cordate white spots from the costa to
the second median interspace, the first spot small, the second the largest,
' the rest decreasing in size, these spots shew through faintly on the
upperside. Hindwing chrome-yellow; all the veins narrowly but pro-
minently defined with black ; the outer margin narrowly black inwardly
defined by white spots between the veins.
Allied to D. agostina, Hewitson, from Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam and
Upper Burma, from the same sex of which it differs-on the upperside in
having the forewing heavily infuscated on the outer half, on the under-
side of that wing in having the series of subapical spots smaller and
fewer in number, the second spot of D. agostina being absent in
D. dives ; on the hindwing in having all the veins conspicuously defined
with black, and with no submarginal black line inwardly defining the
series of marginal white spots as there is in D, agostuna. Other more
distantly allied species are D. themis, Hewitson, from the Philippines,
D. cathara, Grose Smith, from Kina Balu mountain in North Borneo,
and D. agoranis, Grose Smith, from Burma. The D. singhapura of
Wallace, from Singapore, Sumatra and North Borneo, is also closely
allied, but the apex of the forewing as figured—the male by Wallace
and the female by Grose Smith and Kirby —is greatly produced, and
the black border to the hindwing on the underside is twice as broad,
and encloses a row of six paired whitish spots between the veins,
Herr H. Fruhstorfer has recently briefly described in “‘ Societas Ente-
mologica,” p. (1897), Delias singhapura, subspecies distincta, from
the Province Amuntai in South Borneo, which probably is another
allied species, but without a figure it is difficult to make out exactly
what it is like, especially as nothing is said about its outline.
Described from a single example in my collection.
¢
1897. | Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 563
18. Pararrerts* cHUMBIENSTS, n. sp., Plate I, Fig. 6, &.
Pieris (Aporia ?) marshall, Elwes, MS., ?=dubermardi [sic], Oberthiir, Nature,
vol. xxxiv, p. 597 (1886); Pieris dubernadi, Elwes (nec Oberthiir), Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1888, p. 415, n. 375.
Hasitar: Chumbi Valley, Eastern Thibet.
Expanse: 6, 2°2 inches.
Description: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings pure dead chalky-
white; the base thickly sprinkled with black scales. Forewing with a
small black spot on the lower disco-cellular nervule; the costa very
narrowly black; the apex widely black, this black colour rapidly de-
creasing on the outer margin till at the termination of the first median
nervule it entirely disappears, the black colour extending narrowly |
along the veins on to the disc of the wing; a large round black spot
on the middle of the second median interspace bounded by the veins ;
posterior to this spot is a small clump of black scales. Hindwing with
the veins sometimes very narrowly black; a large round apical black
spot placed between the subcostal nervules; with sometimes three discal
small round black spots in the middle of each interspace posterior to
the subapical spot. Unpzrsipe, forewing with the ground-eolour pure
dead chalky-white ; all the veins narrowly black, the disco-cellular spot
larger than on the upperside, covering both the disco-cellular nervules ;
the apex and outer margin narrowly and decreasingly ochreous; all the
veins black, that colour widening out on the veins as they reach the
outer margin; the round black spot in the second median interspace
as on the upperside ; in continuation of which to the submedian ner-
vure is a narrow streak of powdery biack scales. Hindwing with the
base of the costa rich chrome-yellow ; the rest of the wing ochreous;
all the veins broadly defined with black; with a powdery rather indis-
tinct curved discal black band, the bifurcated streak in the submedian
interspace as far as the discal band only rich chrome-yellow. Cilia
throughout white. Frmane unknown.
Differs from the same sex of Preris dubernardz, Oberthiir,t (to judge
from his figure only, I have not seen a specimen) on the upperside of the
forewing in the costa being less black, there is a line of the white ground-
| Ny The genus Parapieris I propose for Papilio callidice, Esper (the type), and its
allies. A full description of it will appear in vol. iv of “The Butterflies of India,
Burmah and Ceylon” by myself. P. chwmbiensis doubtfully belongs to the genus
Parapieris, but I do not know any described genus in which it could be more appro-
priately placed.
t+ Pieris dubernardi, Oberthiir, Etudes d’Entomologie, vol. ix, p. 13, pl. i, fig. 6
male (1884); Aporia dubernardi, Leech, Butt. from China, p. 467, pl. xxxvi, fig. 8,
female (1894).
564 L. de Nicéville—Litile-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
colour between the black costa and subcostal nervure, in P. dubernardi
the costa is entirely black as far as that vein; the discal black spots are
smaller and isolated, in P. dubernardi they are conjoined ; on the hind-
wing the discal spots are all smaller, in the type the apical one is alone
present; on the underside of the forewing the black spot at the end of
the discoidal cell is larger and much more prominent, the discal black
spots are much smaller and all isolated instead of being conjoined into
a broad black fascia; the ground-colour of the apex of the forewing
and the entire hindwing is of a different shade of yellow, in P. chum-
biensts it is ochreous, in P. dubernard: it is ‘‘ canary and nankin yellow; ”
and lastly the shape of the wings is quite different, being much shorter
in the present insect, giving it a much more “chubby” appearance, in
P. chumbiensis the forewing measures 26 mm., in P. dubernardi 31 mm.,
while the breath of the wings is the same in both species.
“This species is only known to me from some eight or nine speci-
mens, which were brought by a native employed by the late Capt,
Harman, R. E., in surveying the Tibetan frontier, and may not occur
on this side of the passes. It agrees very well with Oberthir’s figure
and description, taken from two specimens obtained at Tsekou, in
Eastern Thibet, which, like my own, were all males.” (Hlwes, l.c., in
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.) From these eight or nine specimens mentioned
above Mr. Elwes has presented two to the Indian Museum, Calcutta,
and they constitute the types. The species does not seem to have been
met with again, and its exact habitat is not known, but as this side of
the passes bas been well explored entomologically the butterfly probably
does not occur in British territory but in the Chumbi Valley, just across
the dividing pass between Native Sikkim and Thibet. P. dubernardt is
found in Tsékou, Ta-chien-lu, Ni-tou, Wa-ssu-kow, and Chow-pin-sa, in
Western China.
19. GoNEPTERYX ZANEKOIDES, n. sp., Plate I, Figs.2, 0; 7, 9.
Hasitat: South Chin Hills, Upper Burma,
Expange: o, 9, 2'1 inches.
Description: Very near to G. zaneka, Moore, from the Western
Himalayas. Matt, Differs from the same sex of that species in having
the forewing markedly broader, the costal margin not constricted at half
its length * but straight, the apex not so produced. Hindwing distinctly
broader than in G. zaneka, almost of the same shade of brimstone as
the forewing, the outer slightly paler than the basal half of the wing, in ,
G. zaneka it is pale cream-colour of # uniform shade. Fumate. Fore-
wing agrees in shape with that of the male, consequently differs from the
* Mr. Moore says that this is so in G. zaneka, by which I presume he means
that the costa is slightly excavated in the middle, which is the fact.
1897.) Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 565
same sex of G. zaneka in being broader, with a straight instead of exca-
vated costa, and the apex less produced. Hindwing also broader than in
G. zaneka. Otherwise similar to G. zaneka. The highly dentate hind-
wing in both sexes will distinguish G. zaneka and G. zanekoides from
G. aspasia, Ménétriés.
Mr. Moore's figure of G. zaneka (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 493,
n. 35, pl. xxxi, fig. 18) is very bad; though the sexes are so different, I
am unable to say which sex he has figured, and he does not furnish the
information. Mr. Leech (Butt. China, p. 444 (1894) says that G. zaneka
“Ts probably only a local race”’ of G. aspasia, while it is with extreme
doubt he allows the latter species specific rank, but says that it is pro-
bably a variety only of G. rhamni, Linneus. As far as India goes, how-
ever, G@. zaneka and G. rhamni are absolutely distinct species, the male
of the former can instantly be detected by its small size, difference in the
colour of the wings, and the highly scalloped hindwing; while the femala
is markedly smaller, and also has the hindwing scalloped.
Iam indebted to Capt. HE. Y. Watson fora pair of this species,
which were captured by Mr. L. A. Thruston at 7,000 feet elevation in the
Southern Chin Hills during the rains. Capt. Watson has a second male
specimen in his collection. Geographically G. zaneka and G. zanekoides
are widely separated, and it is highly improbable that any species link-
ing them together will be found in the mountains which lie between
the Western Himalayas and Upper Burma.
Subfamily Papinionina.
20. Paprtio (Byasa) pouwa, de Nicéville, Plate IV, Fig. 28, ¢@.
P. (Byasa) polla, de Nicéville, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. x, p. 633, n. 2
(1897) ; id., Watson, 1. c., p. 671, n. 235.
Hasitat: North Shan States; North Chin Hills, 5,000 feet.
Expanse: o’, 5'0 inches.
Description: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings shining black. Fore-
wing with the usual three deep black longitudinal streaks in the dis- -
coidal cell, and similar ones between the veins on the disc. Hindwing
with a large discal pinkish-white patch, the patch occupying the outer
end of the cell, anteriorly bounded by the second subcostal, posteriorly
by the first median nervule, the inner half of the portion in the first
median interspace being heavily sprinkled with black scales, the
outer edge of the patch is scalloped; four large submarginal car-
mine lunules all irrorated with black scales, the anterior one in the
subcostal interspace whitish; tail broadly tipped with carmine; the
posterior end of the abdominal fold and the two tooth-like projections
of the wing-membrane between it and the tail, as well as the first
566 L. de Nicéville — Inttle-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
projection beyond the tail, somewhat broadly edged with carmine..
UnpersiD8, both wings as above but ofa duller shade of black. Forewing
as on the upperside. Hindwing with the discal pinkish-white patch
extending quite up to the cell but not invading its outer end, the patch
is inwardly continued from the first median nervule to the submedian
nervure by a carmine spot; the submarginal lunules as above but of a
pure rich carmine, the two interior ones continued to the outer margi-
nal carmine edging to the wing, which latter is broader than on the
upperside, as also isthe carmine tip to the tail. Palpi, orbits, head,
and thorax anteriorly carmine; thorax posteriorly and abdomen above
black; thorax and abdomen beneath carmine; anal valves carmine;
antenne and legs black.
Very near to P. (Byasa) latreillet, Donovan (=P. minereus, Gray),
of which I have good series of males from Tehri Garhwal and Sikkim ;
differing therefrom on the upperside of the hindwing in the discal
white patch being larger (placed further from the outer margin),
extending into the discoidal cell instead of ending (as a rule) consider-
ably before the end, and occupying anteriorly an additional interspace,
in P. latreillei the patch is bounded in front by the discoidal nervule,
in P. polla it reaches the second subcostal nervule ; by the outer margin:
and the end of the tail being broadly edged with carmine instead of
having black cilia only ; on the underside of the hindwing in P. latredller
there is invariably a small white marginal spot in the subcostal inter-_
space which is wanting in P. polla; sometimes in P. latreillei there are
two small white spots, sometimes one only, usually none, in the discoidal
interspace in continuation of the discal white patch, these in P. polla
being developed into a very large quadrate white spot, which is, in
fact, much the largest spot of the four forming the patch; the broad
carmine margin is also very distinctive of P. polla, being wholly absent
in the allied species.
Described from a single male for which I am indebted to Major
F. B. Longe, R. E., captured in the Kokang State, 3,500 feet, in the
North Shan States, on the Chinese frontier east of Bhamo, on 5th
April, 1895, also from an exceedingly worn and faded female in Captain
E. Y. Watson’s collection caught in the North Chin Hills of Upper
Burma at 5,000 feet elevation in the rains. The latter appears to
differ only from the male on the upperside of the hindwing in the |
white patch being continued posteriorly to the abdominal margin, or
nearly so, and not reaching into the end of the cell.
21. Papritio (Sarbaria) vonpsi, Janet, Plate IV, Fig. 30, &.
Papilio doddsi, Janet, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1896, pp. 186, 215.
Hasirar: Tonkin (Janet) ; South Shan States.
1897. | Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 567
Expanse: 6, 5'] to 5'5 inches.
Description: Mate. Uprersipe, both wings black. Forewing a
little transparent, somewhat sparsely sprinkled throughout (except
narrowly along the outer margin) with rich deep green scales which are
highly deciduous and easily removed; the usual three longitudinal
deep black streaks in the discoidal cell, and similar streaks on the disc
between the veins ; the outer two-thirds of the submedian nervure, the
first and second median nervules, and a similar streak in the sub-
median interspace bearing feather-like lengthened scales which are
certainly a male secondary sexual character. Hindwing with the an-
terior half rich dark purple sprinkled as in the forewing with
green scales; the outer half of the wing also similarly but more
thickly sprinkled; an anal deep red ocellus with a large black
centre in the submedian interspace, bearing in the middle of the
red portion anteriorly an obscure violet line; an exactly similar
lunule on the margin in the first median interspace ; and traces of
similar lunules in the second median and discoidal interspaces. Unpsr-
sipn, forewing with the base black, the outer two-thirds whitish,
becoming black again narrowly on the outer margin and widely at the
apex; four prominent black streaks in the cell, with similar streaks
between the veins on the disc. Hindwing deep black, the base and
abdominal margin sparsely sprinkled with dull green scales; a promi-
nent complete series of seven submarginal deep red lunules, each
bearing anteriorly a violet line, the two anal ones developed into ocelli
with large round black centres. Ovlia black, but the internervular inci-
sions white. Head, thorax and body above black, sprinkled with green.
| Superficially resembling P. (Pangeranopsis) elephenor, Doubleday,
of which I possess specimens from Jorehat and Cachar in the Assam
province, and from Manipur, from which P. doddsi differs in the hind-
wing being one-third broader, the wing-membrane being produced into
a very short and blunt tail-like projection at the termination of the
second median nervule, in P. elephenor the hindwing is quadridentate ;
on the underside of the hindwing in having a complete series of
submarginal red lunules, in P. elephenor the lunule in the second median
interspace is entirely absent (vide Westwood’s figure in Cab. Or. Ent.,
pl. xxxi, fig. 2*, male) or obsolete ; and, most important of all, P. elephe-
nor has the palpi, the orbits and the head beneath dark ochreous, and
the abdomen at the base beneath and broadly along each side paler
ochreous, while all these parts in P. doddsi are black. P. doddsz is
almost precisely similar to P. dialis, Leech, from Western China, Butt.
China, p. 532, pl. xxxii, fig. 4, male (1894), but that species has a long
spatulate tail which in P. doddsi is reduced to a mere tooth. Though
J. H. 42
568 L. de Nicéville — Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
superficially this species is nearest to P. elephenor, it is probably biologi-
cally more closely allied to P. bianor, Cramer, from China and Japan,
and its allies, all of which have long tales.
I possess a single male of this very beautiful and interesting
batterfly which I owe to the kindness of Col. Woodthorpe, R. E., who
captured it near the Siamese frontier when with the Anglo-French
Boundary Commission.
Since the above was written I find that this species has been
described by M. Armand Janet, who quite correctly points out that it
is probably a tailless form of P. (Sarbaria) bianor. It has, however,
the sexual cottony streaks far smaller and very inconspicuous instead
of large and striking. Major F. B. Longe, R. H., has also very kindly
given measingle male of Hupleamima (Zethera, Janet) notret, Janet,
from the Nam Lim Valley, in the South Shan States, 2,500 feet, also
captured by the officers of the above-named boundary commission and
described in the same paper as P. doddsz (p. 216).
22. Papitio (Paranticopsis) POLYNICES, n. sp.
Hasirat: Sikkim; Upper Burma (Rothschild).
Expanse: o&, 34; 9Q, 3°8 inches.
Description: Mate. Does not differ from the same sex of P. indicus
Rothschild.* Frmare. Uprerrsipn, forewing differs from that sex of
P. indicus in being lke its own male; 7.e., in having all the normal
hyaline markings present, in the female of P. indicus the submarginal
series of nine rounded spots only are present, the rest of the wing
being fuliginous. Hindwing has the hyaline markings rather broader
than in P. indicus. UNDERSIDE, forewing as on the upperside. Hindwing
as on the upperside has the castaneous-fuscous ground-colour less exten-
sive, the hyaline markings therefore being broader.
This species (or subspecies according to Mr. Rothschild’s views) is
based on the female sex, which I have from Sikkim only. Mr. Rothschild
records a female from Upper Burma received from Mr. H. Fruhstorfer;
this locality requires confirmation I think before it is finally accepted.
Of P. indicus I have females from the Khasi Hills only, but none from
Burma, where the males are common.
23. Papiio (Paranticopsis) PHRONTIS, 0. sp.
Hasitat: Sikkim; Bhutan.
Expanse: 3, 2°38 to 42; 9, 4°5 to 46 inches.
Description: Mate. Does not differ from the same sex of
P. xenocles, Doubleday. Fermate. Uppersipe, forewing differs from the
same sex of P. wenocles in being like its own male; 7.e., in having all
* P. macareus indicus, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 457 (1895); vol. iii, p. 68,
n. 202 (b) (1896).
1897.] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 569
the normal hyaline markings present and large, in P. xenocles they
are smaller, and those in the discoidal cell and the four rounded spots
immediately beyond it are sometimes nearly obliterated, though in
some specimens they are all, or nearly all, fully developed ; moreover
in P. wenocles the ground-colour is browner, less fuscous, than in
P. phrontis, and usually has-a bluish tint or gloss which it never has in
the latter. Hindwing differs in having the ground-colour of a more
castaneous, less fuscous, colour, the anal chrome-yellow spot about four
times as large, with all the hyaline markings more extensive, the one
in the discoidal cell usually entire instead of being prominently divided
into two markings. Unpersips, both wings have the ground-colour
paler, and the hyaline markings larger, and all more fully developed,
instead of being more or less obliterated as they are in P. zenocles.
Hindwing has the anal chrome-yellow spot many times larger.
Mr. Rothschild in Nov. Zool., vol. u, p. 458, n. 203 (1895) notes
that “If the Assam [and Burma] females are all of the dark colour, and
the Sikkim and Bhutan females of the light colour, P. xenocles must be
divided into two loéal races, of which the Assamese [and Burmese] one
would be typical.” I possess three females from Sikkim of P. phrontis,
and eight females from the Khasi Hills and Tenasserim of P. zenocles,
all of which appear to be quite constant to their respective regions,
so that I am of opinion that they represent two distinct species or
local races, rather than that the females are dimorphic, of which
latter view of the facts there appears to be no evidence, though Mr.
Rothschild says that the female of P. xenocles “is dimorphic.”
Family HESPERIID A.
24. Opina ortyata, de Nicéville, Plate II, Fig. 15, ¢&.
O. ortygia, de Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 531 (1896).
Hasitat: Daunat Range, Tenasserim, Burma.
ExpansE: 6, 1°45 inclies.
Description: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings rich orange with black
markings. Forewing with most of the veins outlined in black; the
costa narrowly black, the apex widely black, the outer margin narrowly
black; the inner margin still more narrowly black; the rest of the
wing broken up by narrow black lines into spots of the ground-colour
of various sizes and shapes. Hindwing with the costal, outer and
abdominal margins all narrowly black, the rest of the surface broken
up into irregular tessellations by intervening black lines. Unpersips,
both wings marked precisely as on the upperside. Antenne black, the
club (all except the whip-like point) almost entirely shining white
beneath. Palpi black above, orange beneath. Head orange, but with a
570 L. de Nicéville— Little- Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
narrow black line connecting the bases of the antenne. Thorax orange,
but streaked and barred with black. Abdomen orange, ringed above
with black, the apex black. Legs mixed orange and black.
This species is probably the one recorded from India by Capt.
E. Y. Watson as Odina hieroglyphica, Butler, in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist.
Soc., vol. ix, p. 422 (1895), on the authority of a specimen so named
in Colonel C. H. EH. Adamson’s MS. list of his collection from
Tounggya Sekkan, Upper Tenasserim, captured in February, 1881.
O. ortygia is nearest to the specimen figured by Distant in Rhop.
Malay., p. 470, n. 2, pl. xliv, fig. 25 (1886), as “ Plastingia”’ hierogly-
phica, Butler, from Perak, but that figure shews the black bands .
on the wings on both surfaces twice as wide. It is more distantly
allied to the true ‘“ Plastingia” hieroglyphica, Butler, from Sarawak
(Borneo), from which it differs on both sides in all the black markings
being even more greatly reduced than in the Malayan Peninsula form,
all the orange markings therefore greatly enlarged. It may be said
(to judge from Mr. Butler’s figure of that species) that it is a black
insect with yellow spots, while O. ortygia is a yellow insect with narrow
black lines dividing the surface into irregular orange tessellations.
Dr. Martin and I have recorded O. hieroglyphica from a single specimen
from N.-E. Sumatra, but that specimen is not available to me for com-
parison, being now in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Lastly, Herr Georg Semper in Schmett. Philipp., p. 314, n. 472, pl.
xlix, fig. 11, male (1892), has described “ Plastingia” cuneiformis from
a single male from Mindoro in the Philippine Isles, which differs from
O. ortygia in having the black areas still more largely developed even
than in the Bornean O. hierogliphica. All the species of this group
seem to be excessively rare, I know of only six recorded examples.
The type of the genus is Odina chrysomelena, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Hnt.
Belgique, vol. xxxv, p. cexiil (1891), from Mangkassar (Macassar) in
Celebes, which is probably quite distinct from the other described
species, though it is difficult to say how it differs from them as M.
Mabille’s description is very short and is non-comparative.
Described from a single example in my collection.
Genus INESSA, nov.
Mate. Forewine, costa very straight, if anything very slightly:
emarginate in the middle; apex acute; outer margin convex; wmner
angle acute; inner margin straight ; costal nervure short, ending on the
costa long before the upper end of the discoidal cell ; subcostal nervules
arising at progressively decreasing distances apart ; discoidal cell narrow,
short, extending to beyond the middle of the wing; wpper disco-cellular
1897.] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 571
nervule strongly outwardly oblique; middle disco-cellular long, strongly
inwardly oblique ; lower disco-cellular short, upright ; lower discoidal ner-
vule arising much nearer to the third median than to the upper discoidal
nervule ; third median nervule arising at the lower end of the cell;
second median arising well before the lower end of the cell; first median
arising about twice as far from the second as the second does from the
third ; submedian nervure straight ; secondary sexual character consists of
an indistinct oblique discal streak of black modified scales arising
about the middle of the submedian nervure and ending on the third
median nervule near its origiu, thus crossing three interspaces. Hunp-
WING, considerably longer than broad ; costa well arched throughout;
apex rounded ; outer margin rounded ; anal angle rather acute; abdominal
margin slightly convex; costal nervure slightly curved only, ending at
the apex of the wing; first subcostal nervule arising well before the
upper end of the cell; second subcostal arising at the end of the cell;
disco-cellular nervules straight, outwardly oblique; discoidal nervule
wanting ; third median nervule arising at the lower end of the cell;
second ‘median arising just before its end; first median arising about
twice as far from the second as the second does from the third—all
the median nervules arising close to the lower end of the cell; sub-
median and internal nervures straight. ANTENNZ long, more than half
but less than two-thirds as long as the costa of the forewing, with an
elongated, well-formed club, the terminal crook (which is at right-angles
to the shaft) about as long as the broadest part of the club. Paupt
wanting. THoRAX moderately stout. AsBpomeENn slender, reaching a
little beyond the outer margin of the hindwing. Leas, foreleg, tibia
with an epiphysis; hindleg, tibia with terminal and medial pairs. of
spurs. Type, Inessa ilion, de Nicéville.
This genus would appear to come near to Isoteinon, Felder, Idmon,
de Nicéville, Arnetta, Watson, Itys, de Nicéville, Zographetus, Watson,
and Isma, Distant,* but the loss of the palpi in the type makes it
difficult to exactly locate it; the secondary sexual character will distin-
guish it from them all however.
25. Inzssa ILION, n. sp., Plate IV, Fig. 33, &.
Hasitat: Lombok.
ExpansE: 6, 1'3 inches.
Description: Mate. UpprrsipE, both wings shining fuscous, in
* Mr. Osbert Salvin writes to me that the unique type of the genus Isma
(obscura, Distant), “Has a small tuft of hair on the upperside of the hindwing
placed on the subcostal nervure along the upper edge of the discoidal cell ; on the
underside of the forewing near the middle of the inner margin in another tuft; the
anal angle of the hindwing is very distinctly fringed as in the genus Lophoides,
Watson.”
572 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
some lights the whole surface of a beautiful vinous colour; the mark-
ings translucent and colourless. Forewing with an elongated streak
in the discoidal cell not reaching the base, inwardly ending in a fine
point, outwardly broad, lying along the median nervure, its outer end
touching a much smaller spot which reaches the subcostal nervure ;
three conjoined subapical dots, the middle one out of line with the rest,
nearer the base of the wing; a series of four small discal spots placed
in a straight inwardly-oblique line, the anteriormost the smallest,
placed in the lower discoidal interspace, the next two increasingly
larger in the median interspaces placed outwardly against the black
sexual brand, the lowermost also placed outwardly against the brand,
in the submedian interspace, touching that vein, small; an opaque och-
reous streak along the basal half of the sutural area. Hindwing with a
small spot in the middle of the discoidal cell; a very irregular discal
band, formed of four portions, divided only from one another by the
crossing veins; the anteriormost portion in the lower discoidal inter-
space somewhat quadrate; the two following portions elongated, out of
line with the rest, projected towards the base of the wing, the anterior of
the two rather the Jonger; the posteriormost portion in the submedian
interspace somewhat hour-glass shaped, that is to say constricted in the
middle on both sides, but that portion nearer the abdominal margin
is’ larger than that portion touching the first median nervule.
Unpversipn, both wings fuscous, without any purple gloss. Forewing
marked as on the upperside, except that the opaque streak in the
sutural area is absent, Hindwing as on the upperside.
Described from a single example kindly given to me by Herr H.
Fruhstorfer, and captured by him in the eastern province of Lombok
at 2,000 feet elevation in April, 1896.
26. Isma IDYALIS, n. sp., Plate IV, Figs. 26, & ; 32, 9.
Hasitat: Burma; Java.
ExpansE: &',1:°2 to 1:3; 9, 1°6 inches.
Descrirv1ion: Mate. Upperrsipe, both wings fuscous with a vinous
gloss; and with subhyaline lustrous pale ochreous spots. Forewing with
two elongated spots towards the outer end of the discoidal cell, the
lower immediately below the upper and about twice as large; two or
three subapical dots, the lower when present nearer the outer margin
than the other two (which are immediately one above the other), and .
the smallest ; three increasing discal spots ; the uppermost in the lower
discoidal interspace a mere dot; the middle one much larger, triangular,
filling the base of the second median interspace; the lowermost very
large, quadrate, in the lower median interspace, its outer edge concave,
its inner edge convex; a rounded spot in the middle of the submedian
1897. | Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 573
interspace, touching the submedian nervure. Hindwing with three
conjugated spots in the middle of the disc, the middle one nearest the
outer margin, the innermost one the largest. Unpsrsipe, both wings
fuscous, thickly irrorated or overlaid with ochreous scales. Forewing
with the inner margin extending broadly on to the disc fuscous; the
spots as on the upperside, except that the one in the submedian inter-
space is larger with diffused edges. Hindwing as on the upperside.
Cilia pale ochreous-fuscous throughout. <Antennx black, the tip of the
club, excluding the whip-like tip, shining white beneath. Femats.
Urrersipn, both wings fuscous, lacking altogether the vinous gloss of
the male, the base irrorated with ochreous scales. Otherwise as in the
male.
Near to Isma bononia, Hewitson, described from Singapore, in
my collection from Perak and N.-H. Sumatra, but that species has
typically no spots in the discoidal cell of the forewing. Also near to
Isma inarime, de Nicéville, from Perak, N.-E. Sumatra, Java, and Pulo
Laut, but the spots on the hindwing are smaller and differently shaped ;
they are also more numerous in that species. Also near to [sma feralia,
Hewitson, described from Java, occurs also in N.-E. Sumatra and Pulo
Laut, but in that species all the spots are pure translucent white instead
of lustrous pale ochreous, and the spot in the submedian interspace
of the forewing is quadrate and extends right across the space instead
of being round and touching the submedian nervure, reaching only to
the middle of the interspace. Also probably near to [sma obscura, Dis-
tant, from Singapore, but that species has one spot only in the discoidal
cell of the forewing, and none on the hindwing on the disc. Also near to
Isma submaculata, Staudinger, described from Palawan in the Philippine
“Isles, but in my collection from Karwar, North Kanara, Bombay Presi-
dency; Cachar in Assam ; Daunat Range, Tenasserim, Burma; Perak in
the Malay Peninsula; N.-E. Sumatra; and Pulo Laut, but that species
has no translucent spots whatever on the hindwing. The only other
species of the genus known to me is Isma corissa, Hewitson= Isoteznon
indrasana, Hilwes and de Nicéville, from Burma, N.-H. Sumatra, Java,
and Pulo Laut, which is altogether a differently-coloured and marked
‘species from the rest of the genus.*
Described from three males from Tounghoo and one from the Daunat
Range, both in Burma, and two females from Java. The type is from
Burma. I have not received both sexes from one locality, and it may be
that the Javan is distinct from the Burmese species, the former having
* See footnote on p.571l ante. None of the species here mentioned of the genus
Isma have male secondary sexual characters, and are therefore probably generically
‘distinct.
574 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the [No. 3,
the two spots in the discoidal cell of the forewing placed nearer the base
of the wing, the inner edge of the discal spot in the first median inter-
space being much nearer the outer than the inner edge of the spots in
the cell than in the Burmese specimens, in the latter they are more
immediately anterior to the large discal spot, the inner edge of the
three spots being almost in a straight line and perpendicular to the.
inner margin,
27. PiIRDANA DISTANTI, Staudinger, Plate II, Figs. 16, ¢ ; 18, 9.
P. (Hesperia) distanti, Staudinger, Iris, vol. ii, p. 141 (1889) ; P. pavona, de
Nicéville, Journ. A. S. B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 540, n. 683 (1896); ? P. rudolphei [sic]
Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 648.
Hasrrat: Malacca; North Borneo (Staudinger) ; Karen Hills;
Perak (Elwes) ; Perak, Malay Peninsula; N.-E. Sumatra; Java.
I have described this species very fullv in the paper above quoted,
so it is unnecessary to redescribe it here, but I take the opportunity to
figure it now.
Dr. O. Staudinger in Iris, vol. ii, p. 141 (1889), describes a Pirdana
(Hesperia) distantt from a female from Malacca, which is the same
specimen which was identified by Hewitson as Hesperia ismene, Felder,
and by Distant as the male (probably) of Pirdana hyela, Hewitson.
From Staudinger’s description of this specimen P. distant: differs from
P. pavona in having the upperside ‘‘ dull dark smoke-brown, consequent-
ly quite different from the black, and green in the basal area, of
P. hyela.” But the male of P. pavona (not the female) agrees with
this description, the female P. pavona agreeing with the same sex of all
the species of the genus known to me in having the basal areas of both
wings on the upperside glossed with deep shining steel bluish-green. I
should say therefore that Distant was right in considering the type of
P. distanti to be a male and not a female as Staudinger says it is; if
Distant is right my P. pavona will sink as a synonym of P. distanti. But
should the type of P. distantt be a female, my species will stand, as the
female of P. pavona is quite distinct from the female of P. distant.
P.S. Since the above was in type, Dr. Staudinger has most kindly
sent me a coloured drawing of the type of his species, which proves to
be the MALE of my P. pavona, the latter name therefore sinking as a
synonym. He writes to me that he has another specimen from North
Borneo exactly like the type, and one other from Preanger, West Java,
which is a little different.
28. PapRaona PARAGOLA, de Nicéville, Plate IV, Figs. 25, & ; 31, Q.
P. paragola, de Nicéville, Journ. A. 8S. B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 546, n. 715 (1896).
Hasirat: N.-E. Sumatra.
Having described this species very fully in the paper quoted above
1897. ] Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 575
I will not repeat the spine tals here, but take this opportunity to
figure both sexes.
29. HALPE HYRTACUS, n. Sp., Plate III, Fig. 22, &.
Hapitat: Wynaad ; North Kanara— both in South India.
Expanse: o, 1:3 to 15; 2, 1:6 inches.
Description: Matz. UPppeErsipe, both wings and cilia shining dark
hair-brown. Forewing with two dots placed obliquely outwards
towards the end of the discoidal cell, one or both sometimes absent;
three conjugated subapical dots, and two on the disc at the bases of the
median interspaces, all these dots colourless and transparent; the
-“male-mark ” shining deep black and narrow. Hindwing immaculate.
Unpersipe, both wings dullfuscous. Forewing with the transparent dots
as on the upperside; the inner margin very broadly white crossed in the
middle by the “ male-mark ; ” the costa outwardly tinted with ochreous ;
the apex bearing some obscure elongated dark dashes outwardly bor-
dered with ochreous. Hindwing bearing a broad discal pure white
band, broadest on the abdominal margin, not reaching the costa,
anteriorly marked with one or two dark brown dots, sometimes with two
or three in the middle; the outer dark half of the wing bearing some
obscure ochreous spots. Palpi above, thoraw and abdomen concolorous
with the wings, beneath and legs yellowish-white. Frmate. Uppsr-
SIDE, both wings as in the male, but the ground-colour paler. Forewing
with no “‘ male-mark.” Uwnpsrsipz, both wings as in the male.
Nearest to Halpe brunnea, Moore, Lep. Cey., vol. i, p. 174, pl. Ixx,
figs. 4, 4a, female (1881), with which it agrees closely on the upperside
except that the transparent dots are even smaller than in the same sex
of that species; the ‘‘ male-mark”’ is quite the same; differing, how-
ever, on the underside by the presence of the large white area on the
inner margin of the forewing, and the broad discal white band on the
hindwing. H. hyrtacus is a very distinct species, and cannot be con-
founded with any other.
Described from a single example kindly given to me by Mr. V. S.
Fellowes Wilson, who captured it at Pandalur in the Wynaad District
on the 2nd September, 1895. Also from three males and a female in
the collection of Mr. T. R. Bell, who bred them at Tarimpur in the
North Kanara District in February and March, 1895. The transforma-
tions of the species will be found described in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist.
Soc., vol. xi, p. 49, n. 212 (1897).
30. Harr Hazis, n. sp., Plate IV, Fig. 27, &.
Hasitat: Nias Island.
Expanse: 6, 1:15 inches.
Description: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings hair-brown; cilia
J. u. 73
576 L. de Nicéville— Little-Known Butterflies from the — [No. 3,
ochreous. Forewing with a translucent ochreous dot in the subcostal
interspace; two similar spots placed inwardly obliquely in the median
interspaces, the upper the smaller and elongated, the lower quadrate.
Hindwing immaculate. Unpersips, both wings ochreous-brown; all
the markings tawny or deep: ochreous. Forewing with a small oblong
spot in the discoidal cell at the origin of the second subcostal nervule ;
the dot in the subcostal interspace as on the upperside, with a minute
dot immediately anterior to it, divided from it by the subcostal nervure ;
the median spots as on the upperside; a submarginal series of five
quadrate spots divided by the veins, the uppermost posterior to the
fifth subcostal nervule rather larger than the others, the posterior-
most in the upper median interspace. Hindwing with an irregular
discal series of spots from the apex to near the middle of the abdo-
minal margin, the middle spot quadrate and much larger than the
others; an outer discal series of five crescentic spots, the concavity
of each directed forwards, commencing just posterior to the second
spot of the discal series and ending anterior to the submedian nervure,
the posteriormost spot much larger than the others. Antenne dark
brown, the club posterior to the whip-like apex ferruginous. Head
and body above dark brown. Abdomen beneath pale brown.
This species seems nearest allied to Halpe moorei, Watson, and
is, as far as I know, the only species of Halpe occurring in the island,
except H. zema, Hewitson, of which Hesperia ormenes, Weymer, is @
synonym. 4H. hazis differs from H. moorei in lacking entirely the sexual
brand of that species on the forewing, in that wing there are only
three spots on the upperside instead of at least six, usually seven, and:
the spots are ochreous instead of white; the cilia is not checkered as
itis in H. mooret; the markings of the underside are very similar,
but there are fewer of them in the present species, and they are deep
ochreous rather than whitish.
Described from a single example kindly sent to me by Herr H.
Fruhstorfer,
1897.}
Indo- and Austro-Malayan Regions. 577
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Prate I,
Fig. 1. Delias dives, n. sp., &, p. 562.
2. Gonepteryx zanekoides, nu. sp., &, p. 564.
3, Neptis (Phedyma) nectens, nu. sp., 2, p. 548.
4. Huplea (Vadebra) elwesiana, n. sp., &, p. 543.
5. Ypthima megalia, n. sp., 3, p. 546.
6. Parapieris chumbiensis, n. sp., 3, p. 563.
7. Gonepteryx zanekoides, n. sp., 2, p. 564.
8. Lethe (Kerrata) lyncus, n. sp., d, p. 544.
Prate II.
Fig. 9. Calinaga cercyon, n. sp. &, p. 550.
9
10.
Castalius rowana, de Nicéville, &, p. 556.
» 11-12. Charazes (Haridra) aristogiton, Felder, gynandromorphous
13.
14,
15.
16.
LLP.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,,
, 25
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
pak.
32.
33.
example, p. 552.
Pirdana distanti, Staudinger, 9, p. 574.
Dodona dracon, n. sp., &, p. 555.
Odina ortygia, de Nicéville, 3, p. 569.
Pirdana distanti, Staudinger, 3, p. 574.
Puate III.
Bullis valentia, Swinhoe, 9, p. 559.
” ” 3, p. 509.
O1 Katie cycnia, n. sp., 3, p. 547.
9 99 9; Pp: SAT.
Be linshcons danisoides, n. sp., 2, p. 558.
Halpe hyrtacus, n. sp., &, p. 575.
Rapala albapex, n. sp., 3, p. 560.
Charazxes (Haridra) connectens, n. sp., &, p. 554.
Prater IV.
Padraona paragola, de Nicéville, 8, p. 574.
Isma idyalis, n. sp., &, p. 572.
Halpe hazis, n. sp., &, p. 575.
Papilio (Byasa) polla, de Nicéville, &, p. 565.
Hysudra (?) hades, de Nicéville, 2, p. 560.
Papilio (Sarbaria) doddsi, Janet, 3, p. 566.
Padraona paragola, de Nicéville, 2, p. 574.
Isma idyalis, n. sp., 2, p. 572.
Inessa ilion, nu. sp., &, p. 571.
578 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
Some new Indo-Malayan Orchids.—By G. Kine and R, Panytuine.
In two papers recently read before the Society we gave descrip-
tions of about sixty new species of Orchidacese from the Sikkim-
Himalaya. In the present paper we offer descriptions of forty-six
species from other parts of the Indian Empire which we believe to be
hitherto undescribed. In order to assure ourselves of their novelty
we sent either a specimen or a careful drawing of each of them to the
Royal Herbarium at Kew for comparison. And to Mr. W. T. Thiselton
Dyer, F.B.S., C.M.G., Director of that Institution, our thanks are due
for his courtesy in having the comparisons most promptly and carefully
made by Mr. R. A. Rolfe of the Royal Herbarium, who for many
years has made Orchids a special study.
MALAXIDES.
Oxeronia GAMMIEI, n. spec. Stems very short, not tufted. Leaves
ensiform, obliquely acuminate, slightly falcate. Inflorescence slender,
decurved from the middle, longer than the leaves; the peduncle winged
in its lower half, ebracteate, or with very few bracts near the raceme ;
the raceme sparsely-flowered, its rachis more slender than the peduncle;
floral bract equalling the stalked ovary, oblong, blunt, erose. Flowers
‘05 in. long, brown, with pale margins. Sepals ovate, acute, entire.
Petals ovate-lanceolate, erose, reflexed and lying on the ovary like the
sepals. Lip slightly exceeding the sepals in length, broadly ovate in
general outline, deeply concave, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes long, narrow,
coarsely serrate, their apices.acute and pointing forwards; the terminal
lobe rather small, transversely oblong, sub-entire; its apex truncate,
divided into two short incurved sub-quadrate lobules by a sub-quadrate
sinus. Olinandrium much wider than the anther. Pollina elongate,
obovoid.
In the Sunderbans ; Lower Bengal; on trees; G. A. Gammie and
R. L. Heinig, No. 92. At Rangamatia in the Chittagong Hill Tracts ;
Gamble, No. 6833 ; in flower from December to March.
This species is allied to O. iridifolia, Lindl., and to O. recurva, Lindl.
It has, however, a much fewer-flowered raceme than 0. iridifolia; the
lip of this is concave, more distinctly three-lobed than in O. wridifola,
while the lateral lobes in this are serrate, not pectinate, and the terminal
lobe is sub-quadrate with (except for the apical sinus) almost entire edges.
This is a much larger plant than O. recurva, from which it also differs
in the lip, which in that species is flat with large rounded crenate side
lobes; while the terminal lobe is rather deeply divided into two oblong
blunt lobules.
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 579
OBERONIA SUBNAVICULARIS, n. spec. Stems very short, tufted.
Teaves unequal, ensiform, obliquely acuminate, length °*75 to 6 in.,
breadth ‘25 to*5 in. Inflorescence scarcely so long as the leaves; its
peduncle erect, terete, ebracteate; raceme much longer than the pe-
duncle, slightly decurved, densely flowered, thick at the base and taper-
ing to the apex; floral bract small, only half encircling the thick
ovary, lanceolate, erose. Flowers about ‘05 in. long. Sepals broadly
ovate, blunt, entire, reflexed on the ovary. Petals narrowly oblong,
truncate, entire, also reflexed. Lip about as long as the sepals, broad,
very concave from base to apex, entire, the edges coarsely retroserrate ;
the apex blunt, emarginate and with a broad tooth in the sinus; upper
surface with a large depressed cordate nectary near the base. Lip of
the anther acute.
Perak ; Scortechini, No. 1202; in flower in August.
In externals this resembles O. iridifolia, Lindl.; but this differs in
having a terete wingless peduncle, a small floral bract which only half
encircles the ovary, linear-oblong blunt petals, and a very concave (not
lobed) retroserrate lip with a large nectary near its base. The late
Father Scortechini collected only three specimens of it, and of oné
of these he made a drawing which is now in the Calcutta Herbarium.
OxserRonia Rivall, n. spec. Stems very short, tufted. Leaves linear-
ensiform, acuminate, 1 to 5 in. long and -2 to ‘35 in. broad. JIn-
florescence decurved from about the middle, rather longer than the
leaves ; the peduncle short, terete, bracteate; the raceme densely-flower-
ed; floral bract lanceolate, acumimate, erose, longer than the stalked
ovary. lowers ‘06 in. across, pale-green, sub-verticillate. Sepals
and petals sub-equal, ovate, blunt, spreading, the latter with sub-crenate
margins. Jip slightly longer than the sepals, and ‘broader at the apex,
3-lobed, the basal lobes large, erect or slightly incurved, rounded or
pointed, their bases connected by a deep semi-lunar nectary; terminal
lobe large, ob-reniform, the apical sinus broad and with a broad trian-
gular process at its apex. Capsule ovoid, ribbed, pedicelled.
Khasia Hills; at Jowai; elevat. 2000 to 3000 feet; S. H. Rita;
Mann, G. A. Gammie; in flower in August.
A species belonging to the group to which belong O. myriantha,
O. recurva, O.demissa and O. micrantha ; but distinguished from all these
by the large erect entire basal lobes of the lip and by its broad obreni-
form terminal lobe. We have named it after Mr. S. H. Rita of the
Assam Commission, to whom we are indebted for much generous help
in the collection of the orchids of the Khasia Hills. |
OBERONIA INTERMEDIA, n. spec. Caulescent; stems 1 to 3°5 in,
long, tufted. Leaves equitant, acute, subfalcate, 1 to 2°25 in. long
580 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
and ‘25 to 35 in. broad. Inflorescence slender, decurved, about 4°5 in.
long; the peduncle short and ebracteate, adnate to the uppermost and
reduced leaf; the raceme many-flowered. Flowers about ‘05 in. long,
verticillate ; floral bract lanceolate, shorter than the ovary. Sepals
subequal, ovate, acute, spreading. Petals linear-oblong, acute, spread-
ing. Jip larger than the sepals and petals, broadly oblong in general
outline, 3-lobed; the basal lobes rounded; apical lobe sub-rotund,
somewhat contracted at the base, the apex broad and erose, otherwise
entire.
Perak: Scortechini No. 1516 (with drawing).
A species allied to O. demissa, Lindl. and to O. micrantha, King and
Pantling; but differing from both in having linear-oblong acute petals,
and also in the shape of the basal lobes of the lip which in O. demissa are
blunt and erose, in 0. micrantha broad rounded and subentire, while in
this they are oblong and entire. The apical lobe of the lip of this is
also slightly different from that of the other two, being in outline more
orbicular, and erose only at the apex. The leaves of this are moreover
longer than those of O. micrantha, while the raceme differs from that
of O.demissa in not being truncate.
OBERONIA PROUDLOCKII, n. spec. Whole plant six inches in height,
or less. Stems very short, tufted. Leaves ensiform, acute, not falcate
or only slightly so, fleshy but with thin edges, 1 to 2°5 in. long and
°25 to ‘5 in. broad. Inflorescence about twice as long as the leaves, erect
below but slightly decurved above; the peduncle about as long as the
spike, fleshy, 2-winged, ebracteate; rachis of the spike thick, fleshy,
terete. Flowers numerous, reddish-brown, ‘05 in. Jong, sunk singly in
pits in the rachis, the perianth adpressed to its surface; floral bract
covering the flower-buds, longer than the sub-sessile ovary, ovate-
rotund, fleshy in the middle but with broad membranous laciniate
margins. Sepals reflexed, ovate, acute, entire. Petals ovate-lanceolate,
entire, reflexed on the ovary like the sepals. Lip broader but hardly
longer than the sepals, convex, sub-quadrate; the base truncate and
with an obscure rounded auricle at each extremity, slightly narrowed to
the broad sub-truncate apex, the margins slightly and obscurely erose
but not lobed ; nectary small, elliptic-rotund, deep, situated at the base
just under the column.
Nilgiri Hills; near Gudalur, Mr. R. L. Proudlock ; in flower in .
September.
A species allied to O. pachyrachis, Reichb. fil., and O. orbicularts,
Hook. fil., and still more closely to the Sikhim species O. pachyphylla,
K. & P.; but differing from them all by its reflexed sepals. and
differently shaped lip.
1897.) G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 581
OBERONIA CAUDATA, n. spec. Caulescent; stems about 1°5 in. long,
tufted. Leaves four or five, distant, linear-ensiform, acuminate, falcate,
‘75 to 2 in. long, and °15 in, broad. Inflorescence adnate to the
uppermost and reduced leaf, much decurved, about as long as the
longest leaf; its peduncle short, ebracteate ; the raceme laxly-flowered.
Flowers solitary, about ‘05 in. long; floral bract ovate, entire, longer
than the stalked ovary. Sepuls subequal, ovate-oblong, acute, pale red,
slightly reflexed. Petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, paler and
more hyaline than the sepals. Lip much longer than the sepals or
petals, 3-lobed; basal lobes ovate, acuminate, spreading ; termiual lobe
narrow, deeply divided into two caudate acuminate wavy divergent
lobules. |
Perak: Scortechini No. 315d.
A species allied to O. caulescens, Lindl., but differing by the adnate
peduncle, the much narrower petals which are moreover acuminate, and
also by the lip which in this has narrower basal lobes which also are
acuminate. The apical lobules of this are moreover longer than in the
lip of O. caulescens, and they are undulate.
Oxseronta ROLFEANA, n. spec, Stems about an inch long, tufted.
Leaves ensiform, acute, falcate, rather thin, °75 to 1 in. long and about
°25 in. broad. Inflorescence three or four times as long as the leaves,
slender, decurved, puberulous; the peduncle shorter than the leaves,
bracteate ; raceme rather sparsely flowered for the genus; floral bract
oblong, blunt, with erose hyaline edges, shorter than the glandular-
hairy stalked ovary. Flowers ‘05 in. long, orange-coloured. Sepals sub-
equal, ovate, obtuse, sub-coriaceous, entire, spreading. Petals linear,
sub-acute, entire, spreading, Jip longer that the sepals and petals,
broad and concave towards the base; basal lobes rounded, erect,
entire, terminal lobe narrow, shortly bilobed at the recurved apex, its
edges entire. :
Perak: Scortechini No. 2193.
A species collected only once by the late Father Scortechini who
made a drawing of it. Thespecies is apt to be confused with O. cilio-
lata, Hook. fil., which it much resembles in general appearance, and in
having a glandular-pubescent inflorescence ; but it differs from that
Species in its lip, the terminal lobe of which in O. ciliolata is much
broader than long and has fimbriate edges.
OseRoNIA BERTOLDI, n. spec. Stems very short, tufted. Leaves
coriaceous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; length °5 to 1:25 in,
breadth ‘2 to ‘25 in. Peduncle of the inflorescence about as long as
the leaves, slender, ebracteate ; the spike rather longer than the leaves,
many-flowered. Flowers °05 in. long, in verticels of about 6; floral
582 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
bract about as long as the ovary, lanceolate, erose-serrate. Sepals
elliptic-oblong, sub-acute, entire, revolute. Petals lanceolate, coarsely
serrate, spreading, the apices slightly incurved. Lip longer than the
petals, ovate-elliptic, not lobed, the base rounded and entire, the sides
with one or two irregular teeth ; the apex deeply bifid, the lobules irre-
gularly and coarsely toothed.
Perak; Scortechini No. 1525.
A species closely allied to O. Prainiana, King and Pantling, wii
was collected by Scortechini in Perak, but which has also been found
at the base of the Sikkim-Himalaya. The lip of O. Prainiana, K. and P.,
differs from the lip of this in not being bifid, and in being irregularly
lobulate-erose from base to apex; the petals also are Jonger. Named in
honour of its discoverer, the late Father Bertold Scortechini.
MicrosTyLis ANDAMANICA, n. spec. Stem about 2°5 in: long, covered
by 2 or 3 loose sheaths with acute apices. Leaves three or four, mem-~
branous and plicate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, oblique, acute or shortly
acuminate, rather abruptly and obliquely narrowed at the base to the
sheathing petiole; length 3 to 5 in., breadth 1°5 to 2 in., petiole about 1
in. long. Inflorescence about twice as loug as the leaves; the peduncle
ribbed, ebracteolate ; the raceme rather laxly-flowered ; the floral bract
lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the slender stalked ovary, -reflexed.
Flowers dull purple, *4 in. long. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, obtuse; the
laterals oblong, obliquely acuminate. Petals linear, blunt, shorter than
the dorsal sepal. Lip flat, ovate, tapering to each end; the apex pointed,
entire ; the base with two rather short falcate acute converging lateral
lobes, their tips often touching or overlapping.
South Andaman Island; King’s Collectors.
The nearest ally of this is no doubt M. Wallichiz, Lindl., to
which species Sir Joseph Hooker tentatively refers it as a form
(Ann, Bot. Gard. Calcutta, Vol. V, Pt..1, t. 2, fig. H, and Fl. Br. Ind. V,
686). Sir Joseph however expresses the belief that it will turn out to
be a distinct species. Ample materials recently received from the
Andamans show that this is really the case, The flowers are larger
than those of M. Wallichit ; they are uniformly of a dull purple colour,
the apex of the lip being entire and acute, and the basal auricles faleate
acute and converging, while both sepals and petals have recurved
margins. In M. Wallichii, on the other hand, the apex of the lip iss
blunt and notched; the basal auricles are lanceolate, their inner edges
straight and parallel, and their apices not converging.
Lrrearis Prazeri, n. spec. Terrestrial; pseudo-bulb narrowly ovoid,
pointed, about one inch long, enveloped by one or two loose scarious
sheaths, and bearing near its apex two sub-opposite leaves, Leaves
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 583
membranous, ovate, acuminate; the base rounded and passing abruptly
into the short loose sheath, 7- to 9- nerved; length 3°5 to 5°5 in,
breadth 2°25 to2°75 in. Inflorescence much longer than the leaves,
slender, striate ; raceme as long as the ebracteate peduncle, few-flowered ;
floral bract lanceolate, shorter than the slender’ pedicelled ovary, re-
flexed. Flowers ‘4 in. long, pale-green with a shade of yellow, (fide
collector) their ovaries nearly ‘5 in, long. Sepals lancéolate, reflexed,
the dorsal narrower than the lateral pair. Petals linear ; their margins,
like those of the sepals, revolute. Lip deflexed from the very base,
flat, broadly obovate, the margins entire, the base with two small round-
ed calli: Column almost straight, not winged at the apex and not dilated
at the base.
The nearest ally of this appears to be the North-West Himalayan
species L. rostrata, Reichb. fil., from which this. however differs in
having an entire lip with twocalli at its base,a more elongated pseudo-
bulb: and almost sessile leaves. It also resembles L. deflewa, Hook.
fil., but differs from that in having nearly sessile broader leaves and
an entire lip. It belongs to the section Mollifolix.
Upper Burma; at Kendat; Calcutta Botanic Garden Collector ;
flowering in August; Kurz (without flower) No. 345.
Denprosium RiTAEANUM, n. spec. Stems slender, formed of chains
of slender pseudo-bulbs with fibrous remains of old sheaths at the
joints, branching; the branches consisting of sessile sub-cylindric
pseudo-bulbs about 1°25 in. long and °25 in. thick. Leaf solitary, from
the apex of the pseudo-bulb, lanceolate-oblong, sub-acute, 2°25 to 3°5
in. long, and *5 in. wide. lowers ‘o in. across, solitary on a very short
peduncle ; floral bract minute, triangular. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate ;
the lateral pair falcate,.sub-acute. Petals oblong, shorter than the
sepals. Lip in general outline spathulate; the lateral lobes small,
projecting, obliquely obtuse ; terminal lobe deeply divided by a blunt
apical sinus into two broadly elliptic blunt lobules; the disc between
the lateral lobes occupied by a thickened purple area sub-spathulate in
shape and having a slightly raised mesial line. Colwmn and its foot
rather long; mentum short, wide. Clinandriwm laciniate ; lip of anther
2-lobed.
Khasia Hills; elevation 3-4000 feet; collected by Mr. Rita, after
whom it has been named,
A species belonging to the Section Cadetia-and allied to D. Macraez,
Lindl.; but with pale yellow, instead of white, flowers and with much
smaller leaves; also having a very different lip from that species and
more slender pseudo-bulbs.
Denprostum sordipuM, n. spec. Sfems erect, branching; pseudo-
J. a. 74
584 G. King & R. Pantling —New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
bulbs 2 to 8 in. long, springing from the sides of stem, oblong, slightly
sigmoid, wrinkled. Leaf solitary from the apex of each pseudo-bulb,
narrowly oblong, blunt, entire, 3 to 3°5 in. long and about ‘5 to ‘75 in.
broad. #lowers ‘75 in. across, solitary from a short minutely bracteate
pedicel from the apex*of the pseudo-bulb with the leaf. Sepals sub-
equal, oblong, sub-acute, the dorsal rather wider. Petals narrowly
oblong, acute, spreading and slightly reflexed like the sepals. Lip
longer than the sepals in general outline, oblong-obovate ; the side-lobes
narrow with acute apices ; the terminal lobe large, fleshy, sub-reniform,
divided at the apex into two broad lobules separated by a rather wide
blunt apical sinus, and the base of each lobule boldly undulate-crenulate;
the disc between the side-lobes with two ridges straight at the base
but much crisped and curved upwards. Column broad, its foot short,
both deeply concave. Clinandrium dentate ; lip of anther erose.
Burma; received at the Botanic Gar fie! Calcutta, ao Mr. Peché,
of Misateeiint flowering in June.
The patel and sepals are of a pale yellow colour, flushed with
brown outside. The basal half of the lip is pale yellow spotted with
brown; the terminal half is deep yellow. This species belongs to the
Section Cadetia and is nearly allied to D. Macraei, Lindl., but differs
from that species in having shrunken sub-sigmoidal pseudo-bulbs, and
shorter leaves ; and in having the mid-lobe of the lip more fleshy and
the side lobes acute at the apex, while the face of the column and its
foot are deeply concave. The species in the Herbarium is probably
confused with D. Macraeu.
DENDROBIUM GAMBLEI, n. spec. Stems pendulous, slender, 18 to
24in. long, with short scarious sheaths at the joints. Leaves unknown.
Flowers ‘75 in. across, in pairs from the joints of the leafless stem.
Sepals and petals subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, with reflexed tips; the
edges of the petals sub-undulate. Lip broadly elliptic when flattened
out, not lobed, convolute throughout its entire length, the apex blunt,
the edges fimbriate-serrate, the base entire and narrowed into a long
claw; the upper surface with a broad central band from base to apex,
glabrous and with two grooves in its basal half, densely villous in its
apical half. Column much broader than its elongated narrow foot,
with a lacinate nectary at its lower extremity; mentum elongate,
slightly curved, spur-like. Lip of anther denticulate.
Dehra Dun: Mr. J. S. Gamble, after whom it is named ; collected:
only once; in flower in July.
The sopala and petals of this species are pale greenish-yellow; the
lip is pink except the villous band near its apex which is yellow. The
flowers are inodorous. The species belongs to the section Hudendro-
1897.] G. King & R, Pantling — New Inido- Malayan Orchids. 585
bium, and its nearest ally appears to be the Ceylon species D. macros-
tachyum, Lindl.; but in that species the margins of the lip are slightly
erose, not deeply fimbriate-serrate as in this; the disc is naked in that,
or has only a few scattered hairs; the nectary and anther are entire
in D. macrostachyum, and the flowers, which are sweet-scented, are in
racemes. |
BULBOPHYLLUM DEPRESSUM, f. spec. Pseudo-bulbs obliquely de-
pressed-ovoid, ‘25 in. long, produced at distances of :2 in. on a filiform
rhizome. Leaf sessile, broadly ovate, acute, the apex shortly aristate,
length -4 in. Flowers 2 in. long, solitary, from the bases of the pseudo-
bulbs ; the ovary slender, about as long as the flower ; floral bract ovate,
acute, shorter than the sessile ovary. Sepals equal, linear-oblong, acu-
minate, connivent. Petals fleshy, less than half as long as the sepals,
eblong, slightly ob-lanceolate, acute. ip shorter than the sepals,
decurved from the middle; oblong, 3-lobed; the lateral lobes erect,
large, broadly oblong, oblique, their edges irregularly dentate-serrate ;
apical lobe fleshy, blunt, entire, its base much thickened. Column very
short, only about half the length of the foot, without teeth. Pollinia
very unequal.
Khasia Hills; in wooded hollows between Jowai and Jhorain;
Jaintia Hills; elevation 3000 feet ; Pantling No. 627.
The sepals of this interesting little plant are greenish, shading to-
wards the middle into dull purple: the petals and lip are of a uniform
dull purple. The species is closely allied to B. Listeri, a species describ-
ed in a former number of this Journal (Vol. LXIV, Pt. 2, page 334).
But that has a lip with no lobes, and its column has long subulate apical
processes ; its lip moreover is linear-oblong. It is also allied in habit
to B. Epicrianthes, Hook. fil., which has however totally different petals,
being thread-like and pendulous.
BULBOPHYLLUM COoLLETTIT, n. spec. King and Pantling. Pseudo-
bulbs oblong, ‘75 to 1 in. long, situated an inch and a half apart on a wiry
rhizome. Leaf solitary, elliptic-oblong, blunt, suddenly contracted at
the base, sessile; length 1°5 to 2 in, breadth *4 to °6in. Scape not
longer than the pseudo-bulb, bearing several sheaths and also 3 or 4
spathaceous bracts just under the 2- to 6-flowered terminal umbel.
Flowers pale yellow, °3 in. across; floral bract spathaceous, lanceolate,
as long as the shortly stalked ovary. Sepals sub-equal, linear, acumi-
nate, the dorsal rather shorter. Petals lanceolate, finely acuminate,
slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. ip oblong-ovate, fleshy, with
a broad shallow triangular groove extending from the base nearly to
the apex. Colwmn stout, the apex with two long subulate teeth; stig-
matic surface large and excavated ; the foot as long as the column,
586 G. King & R, Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. | No. 3,
much curved. <Anther with a triangular concave lip; pollinia very ©
unequal, the inner pair very narrow.
Assam ; collected by Mr. G. H. Rita and also by Sir Henry Collett,
K.C.B., lately commanding the troops in Assam.
A species allied to B. cauwliflorwm, Hook. fil., which is, however, a
much larger plant with shghtly different sepals and petals. The habit
of growth of the two is moreover dgfferent, for this species grows in
dense masses, whereas B. cauliflorum is very straggling, and there is a
difference of two months between the seasons of flowering of the
two. This is allied also to B. protractwm, Hook. fil., but has longer and
more numerous flowers than that species, and the petals are lanceolate-
acuminate ; whereas B. protractum has narrowly eae sub-acute petals
and it has also narrower pseudo-bulbs.
BULBOPHYLLUM OBLANCEOLATUM, n. spec. Pseudo-bulbs none; rhizome
stout, densely clothed with coarse fibres and roots. Leaves rising singly
from the rhizome, ob-lanceolate, sub-acute, tapering in the lower half to
the stout plano-convex petiole; length of blade 6 to 8 in., breadth
1:15 to 1-4 in., length of petiole 2 to 2°75 in. Raceme from the rhizome
near a leaf, with its peduncle as long as or rather shorter than the |
leaf; the peduncle forming one-third and bearing several lax mem-
brauous sheaths each ‘5 in. long. Flowers numerous but not
crowded, ‘3 in. across; floral bract lanceolate, about as long as the
stalked ovary. Sepals spreading widely, linear-lanceolate, finely acu-
minate, l-nerved, the dorsal smaller than the lateral pair and gibbous
at the base; the lateral pair subfalcate. Petals one-third of the length
of the dorsal sepal, linear, acuminate, l-nerved. Lip half as long as
the dorsal sepal, curved from the base, 3-lobed; the side-lobes erect,
rounded, gradually merging in front with the narrowly oblong sub-
acute fleshy apical lobe. Colwmn very short; the apical teeth small,
sharp, erect.
Perak ; on Gunong Batu Pateh, at an elevation of 3400 feet, Wray,
No. 980.
The flowers are said by Mr. Wray to be of a pale one colour.
The species is allied to B. apodum, Hook. fil., but has a longer raceme
and larger flowers than that species; moreover the petals in this are
much shorter in proportion to the dorsal sepal, and the lip has very
different side lobes. *
BULBOPHYLLUM LINEARIFOLIUM, n. spec. Rhizome ‘15 in., thickly
clothed with short scarious sheaths; pseudo-bulbs none, Leaves solitary,
about ‘5 in. apart, linear, slightly curved, acute, narrowed at the base
to a petiole 1 to 2 in. long; length of blade 4 to 6 in., breadth °3 to ‘6 in.
Inflorescence very slender, erect, subflexuose, about half as long as the
1897:] G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 587
leaves; the peduncle about 1 in. long, clothed with tubular scarious
sheaths. Raceme 3 or 4 times as long as the peduncle; many-flowered.
but not crowded. Flowers ‘125 in. long; floral bract lanceolate, acumi-
nate, as long as the slenderly stalked tumid ovary. Sepals equal.in
length, blunt, oblong, spreading, the lateral pair broader than the dorsal
and very falcate. Petals only half as long as the sepals and much
narrower, linear, blunt, l-nerved, spreading. Lip oblong, acute, slightly
decurved from the base to the acute apex, without side lobes, the upper
surface grooved from the base to near the apex. . Column very short ; its
teeth small, blunt. |
Perak; Scortechini (without a number).
A species near B. suavissimum, Rolfe, but with much-smaller flowers
and entire not erose petals. The leaves of this differ also from those
of that species in being linear and not at all ob-lanceolate.
BULBOPHYLLUM SHANICAM, n. spec. Pseudo-bulbs turbinate, minutely
rugulose, ‘3 or ‘4 in. in diam. Leaves in pairs, coriaceous, narrowly
oblong, blunt, abruptly narrowed at the sessile base; length 1°5 to 2:25
in., breadth °3 to -45 in. Scape from the base of the pseudo-bulb, erect,
twice as long as the leaves; the peduncle with a few small scattered
sheaths; raceme lax, about 12-flowered. Flowers *15 in. long, white;
floral bract broadly lanceolate, acute, shorter than the stalked ovary.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, blunt; the lateral pair oblong, sub-falcate,
obtuse, blunt. Petals as long as the sepals but much narrower,
lanceolate, obtuse, entire in the upper half and minutely erose in the
lower. Lip as long as the sepals, oblong, obtuse, without lobes or
auricles, pubescent on both surfaces, Column stout, with broad shallow
wings about the middle, the apical processes bidentate ; foot long, not
much curved. Anther with the anterior lip pressed inward, the apex
mammillate.
Shan Hills, in Upper Burmah; in flower during November ; Cal-
cutta Botanic Garden Collectors.
A species of which the nearest ally is probably B. suavissimum,
Rolfe. This however has two leaves, whereas the leaf in that is solitary,
The flowers of this are moreover smaller than those of B. suwavissimum.,
BULBOPHYLLUM VANESSA, n. spec. Jthizome slender, wire-like;
pseudo-bulbs ovoid-conic, closely approximate, 1 in. in length and ‘7 in.
in diam. at the base. Leaf solitary, sessile, very coriaceous, narrowly
elliptic-oblong, the apex acute and minutely bifid, the base much
narrowed and convolute; length 8 to 10 in., breadth 15in. Scape
slender, erect, 10 to 12 in. long, with one or two tubular sheaths in the
lower fourth, otherwise naked, 1-3-flowered. lowers expanding singly,
3°25 in. across; floral bract membranous, lanceolate, acuminate, :25 in.
588 G. King & R. Pantling — New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
long, sborter than the sessile ovary. Sepals subequal, lanceolate, finely
acuminate ; the lateral pair slightly falcate, 1-5 in. long, widely spreading,
many-nerved. Petals very small, broadly ovate, obtuse, only about ‘12
in. long. ip rather thin in texture, nearly as long as the sepals,
lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the minutely auricled base; the upper
surface with a central furrow in its basal half and a shallow lamina at
each margin of the furrow. Colwmn semi-terete, about three times as
long as the petals; its foot slender, longer than and at right angles to
itself. Amnther-lip acute.
Perak; by the Batong Padang river; Mr. Ayre.
This belongs to a section of the large genus Bulbophyllum founded
by Mr. H. N. Ridley, Director of the Botanic Garden, Singapore,
under the name Intervallatze (Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXI, 276) for the
reception of a small group of species remarkable for possessing “a tall
stiff scape ending in a many-flowered raceme, the flowers of which
expand one by one at long intervals of time, the rachis slowly elon-
gating as they expand, so that, though in one species as many as eighty
flowers are eventually borne on the raceme, no two are open at one
time, and many weeks elapse between the opening of the first and last
flowers.” A similar method of flowering occurs in Blume’s genus
Dendrocolla, also in the well-known Oncidiwm Papilio, Lindl., and
in some other orchids. This species is intermediate between B. tarde-
florens, Ridl. and B. stella, Ridl. (Journ. Linn, Soc. XXXI, 276, 277),
but differs sufficiently from both to merit specific rank. A single
specimen of it, accompanied by a pencil drawing numbered 434, was given
to one of us by the late Father Scortechini many years ago, and as it
appears to remain still undescribed, we now publish it.
The sepals of this are greenish-yellow with reddish markings, and
the lip is of a dull carnation colour. The flower is a very striking one
from its great size.
CIRRHOPETALUM PRovupLocku, n. spec. Leafless at flowering-time.
Pseudo-bulbs crowded, broadly ovoid, sometimes almost hemispheric,
polished, ‘5 in. long, and about as broad at the base. Inflorescence 1°75
in. long; the peduncle erect, filiform, naked ; the raceme decurved, *5
in. long, bearing 6 to 10 flowers each ‘6 in. long and of a pale straw
colour ; floral bract lanceolate, much shorter than the slenderly stalked
funnel-shaped ovary. Dorsal sepal lying parallel with the column,
oblong ; its apex sub-acute, and slightly reflexed ; the lateral pair twice
as long, oblong, blunt, lying close together under the lip, touching by
their inner surfaces but not connate, their apices somewhat everted ;
edges of all entire. Petals as long as the column and much shorter than
the dorsal sepal, triangular, entire, the apices aristate. ip as long as
1897.| G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 589
the dorsal sepal, oblong-elliptic, blunt, concave specially at the base,
tumid. Teeth of the column erect, triangular, sharply pointed. Anther
papillose at the summit; pollinia in two free pairs, the inner of each
pair much reduced. Stigma transversely oblong.
Nilgiri Hills ; at Ootacamund, Mr. R. L. Proudlock.
A species which might be placed either in Bulbophyllum or in Oirrho-
petalum. Its nearest ally is probably C. viridiflorum. It has been
collected only by Mr. R. L. Proudlock, late Curator of the Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, now Superintendent of the Government Garden
at Ootacamund, who kindly sent specimens; Pantling’s drawing
No. 618.
EPIDENDRESA.
Hria Brawnpisil, n. spec. Leafless at flowering-time. Pseudo-bulbs
turbinate, slightly apiculate, smooth, shrunken when in flower, ‘4 in. in
diam. Scape from the apex of the pseudo-bulb, erect, filiform, 2 to
3 in. long, with a loose scarious short sheath at the base, otherwise
naked. Raceme about ‘75 in. long, with 6 to 8 flowers about ‘2 in.
long ; floral bract ovate, acute, scarious, longer than the thin pedicel
of the ovary. Sepals sub-equal, erecto-patent, lanceolate, acute; the
lateral pair sub-falcate. Petals shorter than the sepals, oblong, sub-
faleate, tapered to the blunt apex. Lip lanceolate with a broad base
and very short broad claw, without side lobes, the apex obtuse; upper
surface with an oval callus near the base and with an obscurely thicken-
ed line proceeding from it to the apex. Colwmn short, winged near the
apex; the foot of about the same length, narrow. Anther broad; pollinia
elliptic.
| Burma; at Pym Kyoon, on an old tree; Sir D. Brandis; in flower
during March.
Leaves of this are unknown. It belongs to the Griffithian genus
Bryobium, which has justly been reduced to a section of Hria by Mr.
Bentham and Sir Joseph Hooker.
Its nearest allies in the section are H. Dalzelli, Lindl., H. nana, A.
Rich., and H. muscicola, Lindl., from which it differs in having larger
flowers with which the leaves are contemporaneous.
HrIA SHANENSIS, n. spec. Pseudo-bulbs ovoid, 1 to 1°5 in. long.
Leaves 2 or 3, membranous, narrowly oblong, absent at flowering time.
Racemes one or two, from the axils of the undeveloped leaves, 2in. long,
few-flowered ; the peduncle, short, naked. Flowers °35 in. long, white ;
floral bract broadly lanceolate, reflexed, about as long as the slenderly
pedicelled pubescent ovary. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate; the lateral
pair twice as broad, falcate, acute. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, sub-
590 G. King & R. Pantling — New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [ No. 3,
acute, sub-falcate, all boldly nerved. Lip as long as the sepals, broad,
sub-quadrate ; the side lobes large, rounded ; the end lobe small, triangu-
lar, acute, and with numerous small conical calli on its upper surface ;
the disc with two small oblong calli near the base and a central
thickened line running from the base to the calli of the middle lobule
of the apex. Colwmn short, stout, the foot very short.
Shan Hills; Burma; collectors of Botanic Garden, Calentta.
A species belonging to the Section Hymeneria and allied to
E. myristiformis, Hook., which has however a different lip with distinet
lateral lobes, two ridges on the disc, and ridges instead of conical calli
on the terminal lobe. The pseudo-bulbs of this are moreover longer and
the racemes shorter than those of H. myristiciformis.
PuHouiwoTta Warr, n. spec. Pseudo-bulbs about 5 in. long,
fusiform, much narrowed at the base, rising about an inch apart from
a stout woody rhizome clothed with dark cinereous scarious sheaths.
Leaves 2, narrowiy elliptic, acuminate, much narrowed at the base
to the short petioles ; length about 6 inches, breadth 1:75 in. (probably
often much larger). Inflorescence about 6 in. long; the peduncle
sub-erect, 2 in. long, almost entirely clothed with stout imbricate unequal
bracts; the raceme much decurved, 4 in. long. Flowers secund,
distichous, somewhat crowded, °75 in. in diam.; floral bract broadly
ovate, sub-acute, cymbiform, longer than the stalked ovary. Sepals
somewhat unequal, all spreading; the dorsal broadly elliptic, blunt;
the lateral pair narrower, subacute. Petals linear, acuminate, l-nerved,
spreading, about as long as the sepals, Lip 3-lobed; the lower part
deeply saccate and with 3 shallow lamellae, its edges bearing the erect
rounded narrow side-lobes, and with a small fold near their bases ; apical
lobe transversely oblong, entire, much recurved, its disc quite smooth.
Column stout, sightly winged near the apex. Anther convex, with a
truncate lip lying immediately on the upper margin of the dilated stigma,
and bearing on the middle of its upper surface a small viscid mass which
is attached to the attenuated apices of the 4 clavate pollinia.
The sepals and petals are straw-coloured with a dash of pale green.
The side lobes of the lip are pale brown, the apical lobe being of the same
tint as the petals. The column is also pale brown. The curious viseus
borne on the edge of the lip of the anther serves to attach to each other
the narrow ends of the clavate pollinia.
Assam ; collected by Dr. George Watt, C.I.E., in whose honour we
have named it.
A species allied to the Burmese P. advena, Keichb. fil., but differing
from that species in having linear petals, and in the apical lobe of the
hip being entire and ecarunculate.
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling—New Indo-Malayan Orchids. og9l
VANDES.
Paatanopsis Mastersit, n. spec. Roots abundant. Leaves oblong-
obovate, the apices bluntly apiculate, the bases narrowed, length 1:25
in., breadth ‘75 in. Raceme three timesas long as the leaves, sparsely-
flowered. Flowers about °5 in. across; floral bract small, much shorter
than the filiform stalked ovary. Sepals oblong; the dorsal with re-
curved margins; the lateral pair flat, sub-acute, strongly reflexed, their
surfaces touching below. Petals falcately oblanceolate, much and
irregularly undulate. Zip small, much shorter than the sepals or
- petals; the side lobes triangular, acute, erect, the disc between them
bearing a fleshy 3-crested callus; the apical lobe oblong, blunt, much
decurved, entire. Column with two erect conical teeth near its base.
Pollinia sub-globular, the caudicle oblanceolate, the gland large.
At the Nambur Falls in Assam; Masters, February, 1845.
A species allied to P. Hsmeralda, Reichb. fil., but a much smaller
plant and with flowers one-half the size of those of that species. This
is described from a specimen in the Calcutta Herbarium which has been
- hitherto overlooked. The species has not, sofar as we are aware, been
collected since Masters’ visit to the Nambur Falls fifty-two years ago.
BIERMANNIA, new genus.
Epiphytal; stem very short. Leaves three or four, fleshy, linear.
Raceme about as long as the leaves. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-lanceolate,
the lateral pair attached to the base of the column. Petals shorter
than the sepals. Colwmn straight, with a short foot at right angles
to itself. Lip attached at right angles to the foot of the column,
-aslong as the petals, concave, fleshy, lobed or not; the disc with
two or more calli; apex broad or sub-acute. Stigma large, orbicular.
Anther depressed, apiculate, shortly beaked in front; pollinia 2, oval,
attached by a subulate caudicle to a small gland. Capsule cylindric,
ribbed, narrow. ‘Two species, one in the Khasia Hills and the other in
the Sikkim-Himalaya.
A genus allied to Doritis, but distinguished from it by the absence
of forked appendages on the disc.
BIERMANNIA QUINQUECALLOSA, n. spec. A small plant with erect
stem searcely one inch in length. Leaves fleshy, narrowly oblong,
the apex minutely bifid, somewhat narrowed to the base, length about
1 in,, breadth ‘25 in.; flowering-peduncle axillary, about as long as the
leaves, bearing at the apex one or two flowers about ‘3 in. across; floral
bract minute, much shorter than the cylindric sub-sessile ovary. Sepals
and petals sub-equal, obloug, sub-acute ; the dorsal free from the lateral
A ea ie e5
592 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
pairatits base. Zip inserted on the short foot of the column, nearly
as long as the sepals and petals, ovate when flattened out; the margins
entire and involute, the apex blunt, erose; the upper surface with a
large erect conical mealy callus near the base and, towards the apex,
four smaller globular calli arranged in a transverse row. Column stout,
bearing the stigma low down. Anther with a broad truncate lip;
pollinia 2, globose, colourless, slightly cleft behind; caudicle dilated
near the pollinia, the gland elliptical. Capsule 1:5 in. long.
Jaintia Hills; growing ona tree of Pinus Khasiana at Jowai, at an
elevation of about 4000 feet; Pantling No. 631; in flower during July.
This species is allied to B. bimaculata, King and Pantling (in Ann.
Botanical Garden ined.) but is a smaller plant and its lip has
side-lobes. The flowers are white, the lip alone being yellow. They
appear singly and last for only half a day.
SAcCcCOLABIUM CoLLETTIANUM, n. spec. Stem very stout, clothed
in sheaths of fallen leaves. Leaves very coriaceous, flat with pro-
minent midrib, narrowly oblong; bifid at the apex, the lobules
blunt and unequal; the base not narrowed where jointed to the
rather wide sheath; length 12 to 14 1in.; breadth 1°25 to 1:4. Panicle
slightly supra-axillary, rigid, shorter than the leaves; the branches
few, spreading, few-flowered. Flowers -4 in. long; bract lanceolate,
much shorter than the stalked ovary. Sepals broadly elliptic, blunt,
spreading. Petals smaller, sub-acute,. spreading. ip two and a half
times longer than the sepals and somewhat longer than the ovary,
consisting chiefly of a long narrowly infundibuliform slightly curved
spur without a septum, but slightly confracted in two places near the
tip; the mouth of the lip wavy, side-lobes none ; apical lobe a minute
triangular protuberance from the mouth of the. spur. Colwmn short.
Anther depressed, with a short truncate beak; pollinia 2, obliquely
obovoid, bifid, diverging, attached by the cylindric caudicle to the large
cuneately quadrate-cordate gland. |
Shan Hills, in Upper Burma; Collectors of Calcutta Bot. Garden ;
in flower during July.
The flowers of this are rose-coloured, the tint towards the mouth
of the spur being darker thau elsewhere.
A species in habit much resembling §. ochracewm, Lindl., and
8. longifolium, Hook. fil. (of the section Acampe). The flowers, however,
are similar to those of S. anpullacewm, Lindl. (of Sir Joseph Hooker’s
section Speciosee) but have a lip with a minute terminal lobe, whereas
the terminal lobe of the lip of S. ampullaceuwm is large.
SACCOLABIUM COARCTATUM, n. spec. Stem slender, pendulous, 2 to 4
in. long and °25 in. thick. Leuves pendulous, narrowly oblong, tapering
1897.| G. King & R. Pantling — New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 593
to the oblique but not bifid apex, narrowed to the base, sessile ; length 6
to 8 in., breadth about 1 in. Racemes less than *5in. long, short, extra-
axillary, few-flowered. Flowers opening only one at a time, fugaceous, °5
in.long, Sepalsnarrowly elliptic, sub-acute. Petalsshorter than thesepals,
ob-lanceolate, acute. Lip rather shorter than the sepals, laterally com-
pressed, sub-rhomboid when viewed from the side, chiefly consisting of a
funnel-shaped blunt pouch, with straight upper edges, and a short
horizontally-projecting bluntly-triangular, fleshy, smooth apical lobe.
Column short, thick. Anther apical, horizontal, the lip trilobulate ;
pollinia 2, globose, the caudicle ligulate, the gland obovate.
Jaintia Hills at Amwee, elevation 3,000 feet; Pantling No. 625;
flowering in June.
This species was collected by Mr. Pantling during the cold season
of the present year. It flowered in cultivation in June. The flowers
are white with purplish-brown markings on the column, and with small
spots of the same tint on the sepals, petals, and lip. The apical lobe
of the lip is of a bright yellow. This differs from all Indian species of
the genus hitherto described by its curious pouched lip much compressed.
laterally. The flowers resemble those of the plant figured in the fifth
volume of the Annals of the Calcutta Bot. Garden under the name
Sarcochilus brachyglottis, Hook. fil. The lip of the present species has
however no calli or septum inside it, and it is perfectly smooth; and
the pollinia also are quite those of Saccolabium, being globose bal not
partite, and the column is without a foot. i
SACCOLABIUM ORASSILABRE, N. spec. Pendulons ; stem 2 or 3 in,
long. Leaves coriaceous, flat, oblong; the apices sub-acute, entire,
length 3°5 to 5 in., breadth about 1 in. Inflorescence from the stem
below the leaves; the peduncle 1°5 to 2 in, long, slender, bearing a
single short bract about the middle and, at the apex, 3 or 4 sub-umbel-
late flowers about ‘75 in. in diam.; floral bract ovate, acute, about one-
fifth of the length of the stalked Bilary. Sepals unequal, spreading ; the
dorsal elliptic, acute ; the lateral pair larger, ovate-elliptic, acute. Petals
slightly shorter and much narrower than the sepals, sub-spathulate,
blunt, spreading. Lip attached to the sides of the column for its whole
length, consisting of a deep wide pouched sac bearing two minute
faleate side-lobes, the apical lobe reduced to a fleshy thickening of the
apex of the sac, bearing a projecting callus inside near its base; the
sac eseptate, but with a few stiff glandular hairs near the bottom of its
anterior wall, Colwmn short, with a cluster of papille at its lower
extremity extending into the sac of the lip.. Lip of anther truncate;
rostellum short, straight. Pollinia 2, colourless, deeply bipartite,
attached in pairs to the small gland.
' 594 G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orehids. [No. 3,
Khasia Hills; at an elevation of 3,000 feet ; Pantling drawing No.
628; in flower during July.
The sepals and petals are of a dull yellow, the lip being white
with wregular rose-coloured spots.
The characters of the flower in this plant are more those of Sacco-
labium than of any other Indian genus. The wide pouched lip, ad-
hering to the column from its apex downwards, and expanding below its
base into a wide eseptate sac, is a character which brings this into
alliance with the group of species in Saccolabium of which 8S. calceolare
is the type. There is, however, in this no distinct apical lobe, but only
a great thickening of the anterior extremity of the mouth of the wide
sac of which the lip practically consists, and in this respect it differs
from S. calceolare and its immediate allies.
SARCANTHUS ROLFEANUS, n. spec. Stems slender, pendulous. Leaves
terete, 2 to 4 in. long, and about 12 in. thick. Racemes pendulous,
2°5 in. long, few-flowered. Flowers ‘33 in. across; floral bract minute,
slender, subsessile. Sepals unequal; the dorsal ovate, concave, erect;
the lateral pair oblong, very blunt, reflexed. Petals much narrower
and somewhat shorter than the sepals, linear, blunt, reflexed. Lip
about as long as the petals ; side lobes large, oblong, blunt, entire; their
apices oblique, subacute, directed forwards and slightly converging; apical
lobe fleshy, triangular, its upper surface with a small antrorse tooth ;
spur short, horizontal, much shorter than the ovary, dorsally compressed,
imperfectly septate, the posterior wall near the mouth with a broadly
saggitate callus with a straight line of short stiff hairs in front of it.
Anther-lip acute; pollinia 2, each completely bipartite, the caudicle
broad ; the gland triangular, orange-coloured.
Moulmein; Burmah; ? Peché.
This plant, which flowered in the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, last
June is believed to have been received from Mr. Peché, Moulmein. The
sepals and petals are of a dark purplish-brown, and the lip is white or
pale pink. The species is allied to S. appendiculatus, Hook, fil., but is
more slender, has smaller flowers, with a shorter spur, the structure of
which differs greatly from that of S. appendiculatus. ‘he latter species
moreover has not the peculiar sagyitate callus on the column which is
so conspicuous in this.
SarcantHus KunstLeri, n. spec. Stem erect, rigid, often branch-
ing, 4to6 in. long. Leaves terete, fleshy, stout, horizontal or slightly
decurved, 2°5 to 3 in. long, and about ‘25 in. in diam. Inflorescence more
than twice as long as the leaves, spreading or erect; the peduncle with
one sheath at the base aud a few shorter scattered along its length:;
bearing above a raceme or panicle with thickened rachis, Flowers
4897.] G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 595
numerous, not crowded, °25 in. across; floral bract ovate, acuminate,
minute. Sepals subequal, elliptic, obtuse, reflexed. Petals smaller, oblong,
blunt. Inip fleshy, its base with a short wide slightly curved sub-horizontal
spur; the lateral lobes at the mouth of the spur erect, broadly oblong,
subfalcate, obtuse ; apical lobe ovate, acute, concave ; the interior of the
spur with an imperfect septum directed backwards from its front wall
anda large callus from the back wall almost touching the former. Column
stout, papillose, with a short thick foot anda small rounded callus.on each
side of the depressed anther ; lip of anther truncate in front; pollinia
subglobose, grooved.
Perak; Kunstler.
This species was sent some years ago from Perak by the late Mr.
Kunstler, who collected there for the Calcutta Botanic Garden. It
flowered recently, and is now described as new. Its nearest ally appears
to be S. Williamsoni, Reichb. fil. The septum of the spur characteristic
of this genus is in this species incomplete, as it extends only about
half way across the cavity. At the same time it is prominent, being
thick and solid. On the back wall, right opposite it, there is a faint
ridge corresponding to it, so that a slight extension would make the
septum complete.
SARCANTHUS SAGITLATUS, n. spec. Stem short, 1 to 2 in. long. Leaves
two or three, linear-oblong, the apex blunt and obscurely bilobed,
narrowed to the base; length 6 in., breadth ‘75 in. Peduncle as long as
the leaves, slender, bearing at its apex a short raceme of about 12
rather distant flowers -25 in. in diam.; floral bract minute, much shorter
than the slender cylindric stalked ovary. Sepals subequal, elliptic, blunt,
the dorsal erect, the lateral pair reflexed. Petals shorter than the
sepals, oblong, blunt, reflexed. Lip with large triangular acuminate
forward-pointing side-lobes ; the apical lobe saggitate, its point curv-
ing upwards ; the spur longer than the sepals, narrowly infundibuliform,
septate to near its bifid apex. Column stout, bearing near its base a
large smooth 2-lobed callus with two curved divergent horns at its
apex; the rostellum with two deflexed plates. <Anther-lip truncate,
ciliolate; pollinia oblong, attached at a right angle to the very broad
tapering caudicle, the gland ovate.
Khasia Hills, probably at Teria Ghat ; Pantling, No. 629; flowering
in June. |
A very distinct species, with flowers somewhat resembling those of
S. Kunstlert, K. & P., but with very different habit and leaves.
STEREOCHILUS WarttiI, n. spec. Roots hairy. Stem very short.
Leaves horizontal, linear-oblong, flat, fleshy, unequally and bluntly
bifid at the apex, not contracted at the base; length 3 to 4 in., breadth
596 G. King & R. Pantling. — New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 8,
‘5 to °75 in. Racemes slender, glabrous, pendulous, bearing 4 to 9
flowers, ‘*8 in. in diam.; floral bract minute. Sepals oblong, blunt,
the petals smaller and subfalcate, all reflexed on the slender stalked
ovary. Lip adnate to the base of the column; the hypochile directed
backwards almost parallel to the ovary forming an infundibuliform
fleshy spur, its mouth with shallow side-lobes having acute apices
directed forwards; the spur with a large 2-ribbed callus at its mouth
just below the column septate at its extremity, sub-quadrate, its base
produced into small auricles, its apex blunt but with a minute apiculus,
its upper surface with a mesial triangular thickening. Column long;
rostellum very long and pointed. Anther depressed ; pollinia 4, plano-
convex, attached by pairs to a very long thin caudicle bearing a small
broadly ovate gland on the outer side.
Assam; on the Dikku river, elevation 1000 feet. Dr. G. Watt
field No, 542.
The genus Stereochilus was founded by Lindley to receive a species from Khasia
and Burma which he named @. hirtus. He considered the genus to be allied: to
Camarotis. Both these genera were reduced to Sarcochilus, R. Br., by Mr. Bentham
(Gen. Plantar. III, 576). Sir Joseph Hooker, in treating the genus Surcochilus, as
Mr. Bentham understood it, (enlarged as it had been by the absorption, besides the
two just mentioned, of the genera Pteroceras, Micropera, Chiloschista, Fornicaria,
Cylindrochilus and Cuculla), remarks “a polymorphus genus no doubt to be dismem-
bered when better known.” Encouraged by this remark, we are led to re-establish
SrEREOCHILUS, relying as head-marks for the genus on the structure of the lip, on
the very long beak of the rostellum, and on the length of the caudicle of the
anticous pollinia.
CLEISOSTOMA TENUICAULE, n. spec. Stems slender, pendulous, about
12 in. long. Leaves thickly coriaceous, somewhat twisted, borne about
half an inch apart on the younger part of the stem, linear-oblong ;
their apices acute, not notched, slightly recurved, Flowers solitary, leaf-
opposed, °5 in. across, on a Slender pedicel; floral bract very minute.
Sepals and petals fleshy, subequal, spreading, oblong-oblanceolate, blunt ;
the lateral sepals slightly falcate. Lip fleshy, equalling or slightly exceed-
ing the lateral sepals in length, narrowly oblong, tapering to the acute
emarginate apex, deflexed from near the base, 5-lobed ; the lowest pair
of lobes near the base small and tooth-like, blunt; the pair at the base
of the terminal lobe larger, conical, fleshy, pointing outwards; disc
between the teeth sparsely pubescent; spur about one-third of the
length of the stalked ovary and about as long as the sepals, horizontal,
cylindric, tapering somewhat to the apex. Column short, bearing a linear
callus on its anterior surface, curved upwards and hairy. <Anther broad ;
pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, each pair globose and attached to a narrow caudicle
with inflexed margins in its upper part; gland oblong, half as long as
the caudicle, its upper end truncate.
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 597°
Perak ; collected by the late H. H. Kunstler. Pantling’s drawing,
No. 575. .
A species allied to C. bipunctatum, Hook. fil. The sepals and
petals are of a pale orange colour, with bold transverse blotches of
purplish-brown, the lip is pale yellow. The species, originally sent
from Perak by the late H. H. Kunstler, has flowered in the Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, for several years in succession.
NEOTTIEA.
Poconia ParisHi1ana, n. spec. Whole plant 2 to 4 in. high, leafless
when flowering. Fiowering scapes one and a half to three inches in height,
each enveloped at its base by a lax wide-mouthed sheath ‘5 to 1 in.
long, and bearing about its middle a smaller narrower one. Flowers
1 to 3, each about 1 in. in length and of a pink colour; floral bract
linear, longer than the pedicelled tumid ovary. Sepals and petals sub-
equal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Lp a little longer than the sepals,
elongated-rhomboid in general outline, 3-lobed in its anterior half; side-
lobes small, bluntly triangular, their apices directed outwards, the
disc between them sparsely pubescent, convolute round the column,
apical lobe not convolute, much larger than the lateral lobes, triangular
with a very broad base and sub-acute apex, the edges minutely undulate
and the upper surface densely hairy.
Upper Burma; at Fort Stedman; Abdul Khalil, Collector for the
Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
The leaves of this are unknown. The flowers somewhat resemble
those of P. biflora, Wight; but in that species the terminal lobe of the
lipis quite glabrous and emarginate, whereas in this it is sub-acute and
pubescent in the upper surface. This also resembles the species referred
to by Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora of Br. India (VI, 119) of which
Mr. Parish gave a drawing (but no specimen) to the Kew Herbarium,
under the name P. cuprea, Parish MSS.
Pogonra Kuasiana, n. spec. Leaf sub-rotund, 5-angled, green,
about 1°75 in. in diam., cordate at the base, petiole 1 in. long. Flower-
ing scape 3 in. high, with a single terminal flower, and two linear-
oblong acuminate bracts, one at the base, the other at the middle.
Flower *75 in. long; its bract ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, shorter
than the shortly stalked rather stout ovary. Sepals linear-oblong,
acuminate. Petals of the same shape but smaller, all connivent. Inp
somewhat shorter than the sepals, the basal portion clasping the column ;
the side-lobes triangular, their apices slightly up-turned, the apical lobe
oblong-rhomboid, flat or slightly deflexed near the apex, its upper sur-
face smooth and with a thickened line down the middle. Column slender,
the apex dilated.
598 G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
Jaintia Hills, near Jharain, south of Jawai, at an elevation of 3,000
feet; Pantling, No. 626, flowering in June.
A species near P. macroglossa, Hook. fil., but with smaller agian
and a lip with mucli larger side-lobes and a ite broader apical lobe.
The sepals and petals are of a pale olivaceous colour with brown stripes :
the lip is greenish at the base, the side-lobes are white tinged with pink,
and the apical lobe is white with bold rose-coloured spots.
Pogonra Fourosa, n. spec. Whole plant a span in height. Leaves
2 to 4, appearing with the flowers, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, many-
nerved, unequal, clustered at the base of the short stem, their bases
sheathed by a wide loose tubular acute sheath. Scape 6 or 7 in. long,
rising from among the leaves, erect, smooth, slender, with a closely
fitting bract 1 in. long at the base and another half as long about tlhe
middle, Ruaceme 3-or 4-flowered. Flowers °65 in. long; floral bract
lanceolate, acute, shorter than the slenderly-stalked ovary. Sepals mem-
branous, subequal, free, linear-lanceolate, acute. Petals slightly shorter,
ob-lanceolate, acute. Lip about equal to the sepals in length, obovate
in general outline, convolute round the column, 3-lobed at the apex;
the side-lobes triangular, entire, their apices acute, directed forwards.
and equalling the apical lobe in length; apical lobe much broader,
rounded, its edges undulate-erose ; the disc with three glabrous lamelle
running from the base to near the apex, smooth in their lower two-
thirds but pectinate in the upper third. Column slender, slightly
dilated at the apex. Anther terminal, 2-celled, its lip 2-lobed ; pollinia
2, coarsely granular.
Upper Burma; at Fort Stedman; Abdul Khalil, Native Collector
of Bot. Garden, Calcutta.
A very distinct species of Pogonia belonging to the section of the
genus which has the leaves contemporaneous with the flowers.
The few specimens known have leaves as described. But, with age,
it is probable that the leaves become petiolate. The leaves and habit
are those of a Cephalanthera, but the column is that of the genus to which
we have referred it.
CEPHALANTHURA CHARTACEHA, n. spec, Height of the entire plant 12
to 15 in. Stem short, stout, 3 in. thick at the base and enveloped
by 2 unequal wide blunt foliaceous sheaths. Leaves 3 to 5, the
sheath of the lowest leaf the largest and embracing those of the higher
leaves. Leaves crowded, sessile, shortly sheathed, narrowly elliptic-
oblong, acuminate, many-nerved, 4 to 9 in. long, and ‘35 to 1:15 in.
broad. Injlorescence terminal; the peduncle longer than the leaves,
naked, or with a single sheathing lanceolate bract 1 in. long close to
the raceme, angled. Haceme short, few-flowered; floral bract ovate-
1897.) G. King & R, Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 599
lanceolate, chartaceous, *75 in. long. Sepals subequal, lanceolate, acute,
the petals rather narrower. Lip sessile on the base of the column,
3-lobed ; the lateral lobes small, bluntly triangular ; the apical lobe ovate,
blunt ; the disc with 5 vertical smooth parallel raised lines running from
base to apex. Column short, stout, winged near the apex opposite the
large concave stigma. Anther terminal, erect, 2-celled; pollinia 2,
narrowly elongate, deeply bipartite.
Upper Burma, in the Southern Shan States, at Taungyi; Native
Collector of Calcutta Botanic Garden.
Only two specimens of this are known, and the flowers of both are
in bud. The description of the flower above given may therefore have
to be modified in some of its details when fully developed flowers are
collected. The clustered leaves form a pseudo-stem by their sheathing
bases, an arrangement which gives this planta very different facies from
either of the two Indian species already described. The specific name
has been given on account of the chartaceous nature of the floral bracts.
GOODYEREA.
ZEUXINE ANDAMANICA, n. spec. Whole plant 12 to 18 inches high ;
stem stout in its lower half, rooting at the base. Leaves 4 to 10,
scattered over the lower half of the stem, lanceolate, acute; the petiole
very short and expanding into a short wide scarious sheath ; length
1:25 to 2 in., breadth ‘6 to °8 in., petiole about *] in. Peduncle of the
spike slender, elongate, with sparse thin hairs, and bearing 3 or 4
distant scarious narrowly tubular bracts about *5 in. in length. Spike
3 to 6 in. long, many - but rather laxly-flowered. Flowers ‘2 or ‘25 in.
long; floral bract sparsely puberulous, about as long as the puberulous
ovary, broadly ovate, l-nerved, its edges erose, with along acuminate
apex. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate-elliptic, concave, subacute; the
lateral pair narrower, acute, not spreading. Petals narrower than the
sepals, dimidiately elliptic, subacute, connivent with the dorsal sepal
to form a hood covering the column. Jip longer than the sepals; the
hypochile globularly saccate and having a prominent incurved tooth
near the base within each margin; mesochile constricted ; epichile
deeply divided into two broadly-oblong diverging lobes with truncate
minutely erose apices, the broad sinus with a minute point in its apex.
Andaman Islands ; Calcutta Botanic Garden Collectors.
A species near Z. moulmeinensis, Hook. fil., but having a longer
denser spike, smaller flowers, narrower non-aristate petals, a lip-sac
without septa, and much shorter petioles.
ZevxinE RowFiana, n. spec. Whole plant 15 to 18 in. high;
stem sheathed at the base, 2 to3 in. long. Leaves 3 or 4, alternate, close
sails £6
600 £G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3, :
together in the upper part of the stem, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
acute or subacute, the bases rounded, petiole °5 to °65 in. long, expand-
ing into a short broad lax sheath at the base; length 1:75 to 3 in,
breadth ‘7 to 1:2 in. Peduncle three times as long asthe stem, slender,
bearing 3 or 4 distant lanceolate bracts; spike 2 to 3 in. long, the
flowers numerous, after expansion rather distant, °2 in. across; floral
bract lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the pubescent ovary. Sepals
subequal, broadly triangular, acute. Petals as long as the sepals, broadly
triangular, falcate, acute. Lip longer than the sepals and petals
eymbiformly saccate in its lower half, the sac containing on each side
three retroflexed short cylindric pointed processes; the anterior part
with two horizontally divergent oblong lobes with truncate erose apices ;
the upper surface smooth in the living state. Column short, broad, the
apex acuminate; its front with two vertical plates nearly touching by
their margins, and a second and smaller pair situated obliquely at their
bases. Stigmas 2, elliptic and somewhat oblique.
S. Andaman; at Dhani Kheri: G. King. |
A species near Z. moulmeinensis, Hook. fil., but having smaller
flowers, differently shaped sepals and petals, and three calli instead of a
single callus on the interior of the lip on each side. In the living state
the lip is glabrous ; but when dry it has the appearance of being puberu-
lous, from the contraction of some of the epidermal cells.
OPHRYDES.
ORCHIS SUB-ROTUNDA, n. spec. Height of entire plant 7 to 9 in.;
tuber oblong, entire, hairy. Leaf radical, solitary, sub-coriaceous, elliptic-
ovate to sub-rotund, blunt or subacute ; the base rounded, not narrowed
but abruptly joining the short scarious tubular sheath ; length 4 in.,
breadth 3 to 4in. Peduncle 3 to 45 in. long, smooth, bearing at distant
intervals 2 or 3 linear-lanceolate acuminate bracts ‘5 to ‘75 in. long,
Raceme 3 to 4 in. long, bearing many but not crowded purple flowers each
measuring about ‘5 in. across ; floral bract ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, as
long as the straight smooth ovary. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, conniving
with the petals to form a hood over the column, all ciliolate; lateral pair
inserted partly on the spur, broadly-elliptic, falcate, subacute, reflexed.
Petals elliptic with broad bases, subfalcate, subacute, nearly as long
as the dorsalsepal. Lip orbicular, a little longer than the sepals, slightly
narrowed at the base, the margins undulate, the upper surface densely
and shortly hispid especially towards the middle, the base with 2 very
short parallel thickened smooth ridges just above its junction with the
foot of the column; spur subcylindric, nearly straight, parallel with
but less than half as long as the ovary, as long as the reflexed lateral
1897.) G. King & R. Pantling.— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 601
‘sepals. Column short. Anther-cells close together, parallel ; pollinia
elliptic, somewhat compressed ; the caudicles twice as long as the
pollinia, thick, tapering to the broad ovate fleshy glands; glands covered
by membranous pouches; sfaminodes small, rugulose, attached to the
outside of the anther-cells, Stigmas 2, conjoined to form a narrow
transverse band across the column between the anther-cells and their
pollinia, and separated from the cells by a large erect ovate subacute
tongue-like lamella.
Upper Burma; at Fort Stedman; Abdul Khalil, Collector of the
Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
The flowers are purple throughout.
An extremely interesting species; remarkable for the large erect
process interposed between the base of the anther-cells and the conjoined
_ stigmas. The long caudicles pass outside this process, and emerge
below the stigmatic surface where their glands are partially covered
by membranous flaps from the sides of the column. In Habenaria
secundiflora there is a resemblance to the structure here described in
the two erect processes which form flaps in front of the polliniar glands.
HapenartA Massonrana, n. spec. Whole plant about aspan in
height. Stem slender, with two or three blunt lax wide sheaths at
the base. Leaves 2 or 3, rising very near the base of the stem, narrowly
oblong-oblanceolate, acute or sub-acute, much narrowed to the sheath-
ing base; length 2 to 4 inches, breadth ‘25 to ‘5 in.; stem above the
leaves long, bearing at intervals 2 or 3 lanceolate acuminate bracts.
Raceme 1°5 to 3 in. long, sparsely-flowered. Flowers ‘45 in. wide at the
mouth; floral bract linear, acuminate, half as long as the slender
shortly-stalked obscurely-beaked ovary. Sepals unequal; the dorsal
broadly ovate or almost rotund, blunt ; the lateral pair ovate-lanceolate,
subacute. Petals linear, acute or subacute, about as long as the sepals.
Lip longer than the sepals and petals, 3-partite almost to the base; the
middle lobe linear, straight; the lateral lobes filiform, rather longer
than the middle lobe, curved and diverging, also decurved ; spur rather
shorter than the ovary, slightly clavate towards the apex, very little
curved. Column blunt. Anther-cells parallel, close together. Stigmas
2, oblong-pyriform, diverging, situated under the mouth of the spur.
Upper Burma; at Fort Stedman ; Calcutta Bot. Garden Native
Collector.
A species allied to H. viridiflora, R. Br., but that species has
smaller flowers, differently shaped leaves, narrower petals and a
longer more slender spur. It is also allied to H. Khasiana, Hook. fil.
(but is a larger plant with much broader leaves), and to H. ditricha,
Hook. fil.,; all members of the section /'rimeroglossa. We have dedicated
602 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
this species tofthe memory of the late Rev. Dr. Masson, for many
years a Missionary in Burma, who wrote an excellent book on the
economic condition, agriculture and natural products of that country.
The colour of its flowers is unknown. As we have seen only dried
specimens we are unable to give accurate details of the pollinia and
their appendages, or of the staminodes.
HABENARIA PRAZERI, n. spec. Height of the whole plant about
20 to 24 inches, the stem rather slender. Leaves clustered towards the
base of the stem, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long and °75
to 1:15 in. broad; peduncle of the inflorescence with 10 to 14 equi-
distant linear bracts ‘75 to 156 in. long. Raceme about 7 in. long,
rather sparsely-flowered. Flowers ‘4 in, across; floral bract linear,
finely acuminate, thin in texture, as long as or longer than the shortly-
stalked obscurely beaked, ovary. Sepals unequal; the dorsal broadly
ovate, blunt: the lateral pair slightly longer and narrower, acute.
Petals smaller than the dorsal sepal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, very
slightly falcate. Lip equalling the lateral sepals in length, its basal half
transversely elliptic, slightly concave; its apical half fleshy, linear;
the spur stout, half as long as the ovary, cylindric, incurved. <Anther-
cells placed close together, parallel, their tubes up-turned.
Upper Burma, Prazer.
This is known only by a single dried specimen from an examin-
ation of which it has been impossible to make out with certainty the
form of the pollinia and their glands, of the staminodes or stigmas.
No account of them is therefore ventured upon. As Upper Burma
gets better known, specimens of this will no doubt be forth-coming ;
and it is believed, that by the preceding description, this plant may be
identified. The species is clearly allied to H. latilabris, Hook. fil., and
to H. densa, Wall., but it differs considerably from both in lip, spur,
ovary, and in the clustered leaves. Like these species, it belongs to the
section Hologlossa. It agrees with nothing in the Kew Herbarium.
HABENARIA LINEARIS, n. spec. Height of whole plant fifteen to
twenty-seven inches. Stem slender, with several blunt tubular sheaths
near the base. Leaves scattered along the whole stem from nearly the
base, diminishing in size upward and passing into bracts towards the
raceme, linear, acuminate, 2 to 4in. long and ‘2 to ‘4 in. wide; the bracts
smaller and somewhat lanceolate. Raceme 1'5 to 2 in. long, 3- to 6-9
flowered. Flowers white, about °75 in. across at the mouth; floral bract
linear, finely acuminate, ciliolate, longer than the very slender, long-
beaked sub-sessile ovary. Sepals sub-equal, lanceolate, the dorsal con-
duplicate ; the lateral pair falcate, spreading. Petals somewhat shorter
than the sepals, narrowly oblong, tapering slightly to the blunt apex.
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling—-New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 603
Lip slightly exceeding the sepals in length, lanceolate, the base with’) a
slender claw, the apex blunt; the edges entire, decurved ; the lower
surface with a strong central keel from base to apex; spur clavate,
incurved, slightly exceeding the ovary in length,
Upper Burma; at Saga; in the Southern Shan States ; Collectors
of Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
In habit this somewhat resembles H. commilinifolia. Wall., but
the structure of the flowers is wholly different. This belongs to Sir
Joseph Hooker’s section Hologlossa. It is known only from dried
specimens, hence no attempt is made to describe the column and the
organs situated on it.
HABENARIA HAWKESIANA, n. spec. Height of entire plant about
nine inches; tubers small, ellipsoid. Leaves whorled at the base of the
stem, two or three, ovate-elliptic or elliptic, acute, slightly narrowed
to the short wide sheath ; upper part of the stem bearing 3 to 5 lax lanceo-
late scarious nearly equal bracts about ‘75 to 1 in. long. Raceme2- to 4-
flowered. Flowers large, wnite, rather, distant, 1°5 in. wide at the mouth ;
floral bract near, acuminate, as long as the sessile shortly-beaked.
ovary. Sepals unequal; the dorsal ovate, acuminate ; the lateral pair
rather longer. Petals lanceolate, slightly falcate, membranous and
many-nerved like the sepals. In a little shorter than the lateral sepals,
entire, triangular, blunt, puberulous; spur two or three times longer
than the ovary, incurved. Anther-cells wide apart, their tubes rather
long; pollinia with caudicles nearly twice as long as themselves, trique-
trous in the upper half, curved, the glands small. Stigmas confluent,
occupying the whole width of the column above the very wide mouth
of the spur.
| Upper Burma; Prazer.
Collected only once by Mr. Prazer who secured only a few specimens.
He describes the flowers as white, with the exception of the lip which is
saffron-yellow. ‘lhe species has been named in honour of Colonel H. P.
Hawkes, C. B., late Commissary General in Burma, an ardent horticul-
turalist, and an excellent authority on Indian and particularly on
Burmese, artistic metal work. It appears to be allied to H. plantaginea
Lindl,, but this has an entire lip, while the lip of that and of the
section (Platyylussa) to which it belongs is characterised by being
3-lobed,
HABENARIA NEGLECTA, n. spec. Entire plant 12 to 15 inches high.
Stem clothed in its lower part by several unequal lax scarious sheaths.
Leaves 3 to 6, scattered along the stem, unequal in size, those in the
middle being the largest, narrowly oblong, acute, not narrowed to the
sheathing base, length 1:25 to 3 in., breadth ‘25 to ‘6 in.; stem above
604 G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. [No. 3,
the leaves slender, bearing 2 or 3 distant linear acuminate bracts.
Spike 2 or 3 in. long, sparsely-flowered. Flowers ‘25 in. across; floral
bract lanceolate, acuminate, entire, slightly longer than the sessile
beakless ovary. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, blunt, keeled, Petals as long
as the sepals but narrower, blunt. Lip fleshy, not longer than the
sepals, adnate to the base of the column by the narrow claw, divided
down to the claw into 3 very narrow lobes; the side-lobes longer and
narrower than the middle one, linear, sub-acute, very slightly curved
and spreading almost horizontally ; the middle-lobe narrowly oblong,
blunt, very fleshy ; spur longer than the sepals and nearly as long as
the ovary, almost straight and very slightly clavate. Peristylus, No. 13
Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. fil. and Thomson,
‘“ Malabar and the Concan. Stocks, Law and others ” in Herb. Ind.
Or. Hook. fil. and Thomson.
This differs from typical Habenaria aristata, Hook. fil. (figured by
Wight under the name Peristylus eatlis, Wight, le. No. 1698) in having
the lateral lobes of the lip much shorter, the sepals and petals narrower
and not all ovate, the spur longer and very slightly inflated towards the
apex, and the floral bract longer than the ovary. |
HapenariaA MainGayYi, n. spec. Entire plant 4 to 6 in. high; roots
thickly fibrous, some of them expanding into small oblong tubers.
Stem bearing a short sheath near the base. Leaves 3 or 4, sessile, crowd-
ed near the base of the stem, oblong-lanceolate, acute, ‘5 to 1:75 in.
long and ‘15 to ‘4 in. broad; Peduncle of spike bearing 4 or 5
distant lanceolate finely acuminate bracts. Spike 1 to 1°5 in. long,
6- to 12-flowered, rather lax, Flowers ‘15 in. across; floral bract
oblong-lanceolate, acute, as long as the slender sessile ovary. Sepals
subequal, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, the petals slightly narrower. Lip
as long as the petals, adherent by a short claw to the base of the column,
8-lobed; the lateral lobes broadly oblong, blunt, diverging, broader
than the blunt mid-lobe, the margins entire ; upper surface with a single
small triangular tooth at the bases of the side-lobes ; spur much shorter
than the sepals, obovoid-globose.
Singapore ; Maingay, Herb. prop. 3354 (| Kew distrib. No. 1663).
This species differs from H. tentaculata, Reichb. fil. (H. lacertifera,
Benth.), to which it has been referred, in having much narrower and more
numerous leaves, flowers twice as large, and a lip with broader lobes.
Nore.
We take this opportunity of giving a description, drawn up from a
living specimen, of Dendrobinm parciflorum, Reichb, fil., a species
originally published in 1845, by Griffith (under the name of Aporum
1897.] G. King & R. Pantling— New Indo-Malayan Orchids. 605
Jenkinsti) in the Calcutta Journal of Natural History, Vol. V, 367, t. 25.
This species, owing to the reduction of the genus Aporum to Dendyro-
biwm, was named in manuscript Dendrobium parciflorum by Reichenbach
filius, and under that name was published, without description, by Lindley
in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. III, (1859) p.4; and this
name was adopted by Sir Joseph Hooker in the Flora of British India,
(Vol. V, 725). No specimen of this plant had been seen either by Lindley
or Hooker, and none existed in the Calcutta Herbarium until last year
when a living plant, collected by himself in Assam, was contributed
by Mr. Giessliére. Mr. Giessliére’s plant was described and was figured
by Mr. Pantling, and the description is now published.
The specific name Jenkinsii to which, as a member of a genus
reduced to Dendrobium, this plant has by the law of priority a secondary
claim, was given in 1839 by Wallich to D. Jenkinsiz, a plant now usually
regarded as a form of D. aggregatum, Roxb.; and also by the late Dr. T.
Anderson to a plant which turned out to be D. cumulatum, Wall.
DENDROBIUM PARCIFLORUM, Reichb. fil. MSS. ex Lindley in Journ.
Linn. Soc. III, 4. Stems tufted, slightly flattened, 6 to 10 in. long and
‘2 in. broad. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or sub-acute, very fleshy,
1 to 1°75 in. long and ‘25 in. broad. lowers white, single or in pairs
from the apex of the stems, 1°25 in. long; floral bract minute, lanceo-
late, stalked ovary 1 in. long. Dorsal sepal ovate, oblong, blunt; the
lateral pair much larger and broader ; mentum large, elongate, curved.
Petals about as long as the dorsal sepal, oblong, blunt. Lip oblong-
elliptic with a slightly expanded apex, not lobed, slightly narrowed to
the base; the apex broad, crisped, divided into two lobules by a minute
triangular sinus; the upper surface quite smooth, white but with a
yellow blotch near the apex. Colwmn much shorter than its elongate
much-curved 3-furrowed foot; mentwm large, wide, curved in front.
Anther with an entire truncate lip. Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. V, 725.
Aporum Jenkinsii, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. V, 367, t. 25.
Assam; the exact locality unknown ; collected once about 1845 by
Griffith, and once in 1896 by Mr. Giessliere: flowered in the Calcutta
Bot. Garden.
A species of the section Aporum, but with unusually large flowers
allied to D. terminale, Par. and Reichb. fil.
606 Capt. E. Y. Watson — Butterflies from Myingyan. [No. 3,
Notes on some Butterflies from Myingyan, Central Burma.—By Carr. EH. Y.
Warson, Inpran Starr Corps, F. Z. S.
| Received June 15th;—Read July 7th, 1897. ]
Myingyan, as well as the rest of Central Burma, upsets one’s
preconceived ideas of Burma, which is generally looked upon as a land
of heavy jungle and marsh and as reeking of fever, This last attribute
may be considered as more or less mythical as regards the whole of
Burma, in which there is no more fever than in Central or North-
EKastern India, while where it exists it is almost entirely confined to
the “‘ terai” country at the foot of the hill ranges.
In Myingyan, however, not only is the fever a,negligible quantity
but the forest is non-existent, and the marsh or paddy-land is restricted
to very limited areas flooded by the river; in fact the general appear-
ance of the country is more like that of the Deccan than of the tradi-
tional Burma, and there are many points of resemblance between
Myingyan and a place such as Ahmednagar. What jungle there is
consists of low thorny scrub; while the chief crops cultivated are
jowari, cotton, and oil-seed (gingelly), the soil being what is known as
“black cotton” or a very fair imitation of it. Myingyan may be taken
as fairly typical of what may be conveniently termed ‘‘ Central Burma,”
which may be said to extend from Mimbu northwards for some 150
miles; still further north the rainfall and general characteristics of the
country again change and are very similar to those of Lower Burma
and Tenasserim.
In Central Burma butterflies are comparatively scarce, and pro-
bably not more than 100 species would be found within ten miles of
Myingyan as contrasted with some 300 odd which occur round Rangoon,
The following notes are founded on a collection made by me from October
to March, 7. e., practically the dry-season, though as the total rainfall is
something under 30 inches it is doubtful whether the district would
have proved much more prolific during the rains. Several species of
interest were met with, one of which has recently been described as
new,from Myingyan specimens.
No Hupleas were observed, though probably H. godartiz, Lueas,
and H. linnsxi, Moore, occur at the beginning of the rains; Danais
chrysippus, Linneeus, and D. plexippus, Linneeus, [ = D. genutia, Cramer |,
occurred commonly, and D. limniace, Cramer, more rarely.
A single Mycalesis was observed, probably a Oalysisme, but the
species is doubtful, as the insect was not caught; Melanitis tsmene,
Cramer, was not seen but doubtless occurs, Lethe europa, Fabricius,
- 1897.) Capt. EH. Y. Watson — Butterflies from Myingyan. 607
was represented by a single specimen and is probably rare. The most
interesting satyrid was the Ypthima which I have recently named
Y. cerealis; this was the only species of the genus met with, and
it occurred in great numbers but only within very restricted areas,
owing no doubt to the unequal distribution of its food-plant; one
of its favourite haunts was among the low bushes which grow on
the bunds of the paddy-fields at the bend of the river, but it also
occurred some miles away from these fields on high bare ground where
the bushes were few and scattered. ,
Among the Nymphalinx there is not much of interest to record, the
only species met with being Ergolis ariadie, Linneus, A. phalantha,
Drury, Junonia lemonias, Linneus, J. almana, Linneus, J. hierta,
Fabricius, and J. orithyia, Linneus; Neptis leucothoé, Cramer (form
eurymene, Butler); Hypolimnas bolina, Linneus, and H. misippus,
~ Linneeus, of these the last species is rare in Burma, and to the best of
my knowledge is only found in the more arid tracts, and I have no
record ofits occurrence south of Mimbu on the Irrawaddy. :
Some sixteen species of Lyceenidze were met with; the dry-season
form of Chilades laius, Cramer, occurred commonly, also (0. trochilus,
Preyer; Zizera lysimon, Hiibner, was fairly common, and did not
appear to differ from Indian specimens; Z. otis, Fabricius; of which
_ Z, sangra, Moore, is asynonym, occurred in great numbers, this species
in all its forms is quite distinct from Z. indica, Murray, originally
described from Allahabad, which occurs commonly in Southern India.
The difference between the two species does not lie in the shade of blue
or extent of the black margins on the upperside as some writers have tried
to make out, since these characters vary seasonally, there is, however, a
well-marked and constant difference in the discal row of spots on the
underside of the forewing, in Z. indica these spots are invariably pro-
minent and black, encircled with white, in Z. otis they are brown,
hardly darker than the ground-colour of the wing, and are encircled
with grey, so that they do not stand out at all conspicuously, this
difference will be found to be absolutely constant in all the seasonal
forms, and can be readily recognised if Burmese and Southern Indian
Specimens be compared, though I am unable to say if the two species
meet and occur together in any localities ; if good series are compared
other slight differences will be noticed in the marginal markings and
disposition of the spots on the underside of the hindwing. <Azanus
jesous, Guérin, (the oldest name for A. gamra, Lederer), occurred rarely
among Acacia bushes; Burmese specimens do not differ perceptibly
from Indian ones. This is a rare species in Burma, and is only found in
the arid tracts. A single specimen only of Lyceenesthes lycenina,
Poe ar. 08 .
i
608 Capt. E. Y. Watson — Butterflies from Myingyan. [No. 3,
Felder, was met with, though it is probably not uncommon; Talicada
nyseus, Guérin, which as far as Burma is concerned only occurs in the
drier districts, was excessively common; Colonel Swinhoe has recently
described the Khasia Hill race of this species as distinct from the
typical South Indian race under the name 7’. khasiana, the only point of
difference being that in T. khastana the rows of white spots on the
underside of the forewing are more pronounced than in typical
T. nyseus, so that in the Burmese race one would expect these spots to be
still more developed. This however is far from being the case, asin
the Burmese specimens the spots are as a rule even smaller than in
typical Southern Indian ones, while in many cases the spots are almost
absent, the outer half of the wing being entirely black, with a few
faint greyish irrorations in place of spots, so that in this respect the
Burmese race is nearer to the Southern Indian one than to the Khasi
Hill one, which seems rather to suggest that the character taken by
Colonel Swinhoe is not specific; Burmese specimens however differ from
Southern Indian ones in having rather less red on the upperside of the
hindwing, and in the chequering of the fringe being obsolescent instead of
very pronounced, none of the differences however seem to warrant the
Burmese race receiving a separate name. No Nacaduba or Lampides
was observed. Catochrysops strabo, Fabricius, with its unnamed dwarf
form, occurred commonly, also OU. pandava, Horsfield, with its dwarf
form 0. contracta, Butler. I have recently been able to examine the
type specimen of the last-named form, and find that it is not as sug-
gested in “ Butterflies of India, &.,” the dwarf form of C. enejus,
Fabricius, but of C. pandava, and has two seasonal races precisely
similar to those of the larger race; C. cnejus, the dwarf form of which
has been named C. hapalina, Butler, was not met with. Attention
does not appear to have been previously drawn to the fact that all
the three common species of Catochrysops which occur in India have
corresponding dwarf forms, these dwarf forms are commoner in dry
than in wet districts, and in arid tracts like Sind probably exceed the
larger race in numbers. Of other named Catochrysops, O. theseus,
Swinhoe, is a “ sport” of C. enejus, and the type of C. nicola, Swinhoe,
isa female of C. pandava, somewhat intermediate between the two
seasonal forms. Tarucus plinius, Fabricius, occurred commonly, also
T’. callinara, Butler, the two seasonal forms of the last species differ '
slightly in the tone of the dark markings on the underside, which in
the rainy-season form are almost black and in the dry-season form are
rusty-brown, the position, size and shape of the markings do not
appear to differ in the two races, nor is there any perceptible difference
in the shade of blue or breadth of the margins on the upperside.
1897. | Capt. HE. Y. Watson— Butterflies from Myingyan. 609
T. callinara is a quite distinct species from one I have in my collection
from the Deccan, the latter being the 7, eatricatus of Butler, which has
the markings on the underside much more linear and run together
than in 7. callinara, in which they are rounded and well separated.
The correct synonymy of the species of this genus is doubtful as
neither ZT. nara, Kollar, nor T. theophrastus, Fabricius, can be identified
with any certainty without an examination of the type specimens,
T. callinara is I think without doubt identical with 7. theophrastus
as identified in ‘“ Butterflies of India,” though not with the T. theo-
phrastus of the British Museum, which includes several distinct species,
and Mr. Butler informs me he does not now consider his 7. extricatus
to be distinct from 7’. nara as identified by him. T. callinara within
Burmese limits is strictly confined to the dry tracts of Central Burma.
T. alteratus, Moore, and 1’. venosus, Moore, both appear to be perfectly
distinct species. I therefore recognise five species of this genus
as occurring within Indian limits: 7. plinius, which is found throughout
the Indian region from Ceylon all over Peninsula India to Assam
and Burma; T. callinara, which probably sinks to T. theophrastus, and
is as widely distributed as 7’. pliniws but affects drier localities; T. ex-
tricatus, which probably sinks to T. nara, and is confined to the dry
regions of Western and North-Western India and the Western
Himalayas; 7’. alteratus, confined to the North-West Himalayas; and
T. venosus, confined to the North-West Himalayas and the plains of
North-West India. Castalius rosimon, Fabricius, and Polyommatus
beeticus, Linneeus, occurred commonly, and a single specimen of Ambly-
podia anita, Hewitson, was obtained. I have recently been able to
examine the types of most of the described species of Amblypodia, and
find that the common purple species which occurs in Burma is certainly
the A. anita of Hewitson described from Siam, and that A. darana,
Moore, and A. naradoides, Moore, are also synonymous with it, the
males of the three named forms appear quite inseparable, while the
females in Southern india and Ceylon are dimorphic, 7.e., either blue or
purple on the upperside, one form being almost as common as the
other; in Burma, however, the purple female is the prevailing form and
the blue female is excessively rare. This species occurs in Siam, the
Andamans and throughout the greater part of India. A. narada, Horsfield,
the type of which is in the British Museum and which was origi-
nally described from Java, is a quite distinct species, the male is much
more blue than A. anita, andthe female, which is purple, has a large
extent of purple on the upperside of the hindwing. A. andersonwi, Moore,
is, as stated in the “ Butterflies of India,” almost without doubt identi-
cal with A. narada, A third species of the genus is the A, erichsonw of
610 Capt. HE. Y. Watson — Butterflies from Myingyan. [No. 3,
Felder, the male of which is very brilliant blue with a broad black
border to the forewing narrowing to the outer angle, this species is
in the British Museum from the Philippines and Borneo. A, taooana,
Moore, of which the type is in the British Museum, appears to be
identical with <A. ertchsonw. A. arracana, Grose Smith, is also pro-
bably referable to the same species. Aphnzeus syama, Horsfield, occur-
red. rather rarely, and a second species which I identify as A. schis-
taceus, Moore, was shghtly more common. This latter species belongs
to the vulcanus group of the genus, and is the only one of the group
recorded from Burma.
Among the Pierine—Catopsilia catilla, Cramer, OC. crocale, Cramer,
and C. gnoma, Fabricius, were common, this last is probably the dry-
season form of C. pyranthe, Linneus, and has many other names,
but I am unable to say which is the oldest. Nychitona xiphia, Fabricius,
and Wepheronia hippia, Fabricius, (=gea, Felder), occurred commonly,
and Delias descombest, Boisduval, and D. hierte, Hiibner, rather rarely.
A single male of Appias vacans, Butler (the dry-season form of A. hippo,
Cramer) was obtained in December. Appias zelmira, Cramer, and
Huphina dapha, Moore, were exceedingly common; the extreme rainy-
season race was not met with, all the specimens obtained from Novem-
ber to March being either of the typical dry-season race or forms
intermediate between the two races. Terias hecabe, Linneus, occurred
commonly in its typical form during November and December, but.
almost invariably in bad condition, the dry-season form, T. excavata,
Moore, occurred commonly from November to January, and was re-
placed during February and March by the extreme dry-season form,
T. swinhoei, Butler. Yellow forms of Jawias occurred in the utmost
profusion, and showed the usual seasonal variation in the breadth
of the dark margins on the upperside, and in the tone and markings
of the underside; most of the specimens caught were typical
I. moulmeinensis, Moore, though several were typical I. pyrene, Linneous,
and afew typical I. pirenassa, Wallace, while there were many inter-
mediates between the three forms.
The only Papilio noticed was P. demoleus, Linnzeus (=P. erithonius,
Cramer), which was excessively common.
Among the Hesperiide no species could be said to occur com-
monly, but a few specimens were obtained of Baoris (Chapra) mathias,
Fabricius, Baoris (Parnara) bada, Moore, Telicota augias, Linneeus, and
Hesperia galba, Fabricius. A single sex was obtained of Yaractrocera
ziclea, Plétz, a species recently found to occur in Burma; also a
few specimens of a Padraona which I identify as P. mxsoides, Butler,
as well as of a second species which I believe is undescribed.
1897, | Capt. KE. Y. Watson — Butterflies from Myingyan. 611
Nore sy Lionet DE NICEVILLE.
As regards the distinctness of Zizera indica, Murray, from Z. otis,
Fabricius, I wrote in “The Butterflies of India, Burma and Ceylon,”’
vol. ii, p. ]21 (1890) that “‘ There is no doubt that the former is strictly
synonymous with Z. sangra, Moore [which Capt. Watson admits],
which again is a synonym of Z. otis, Fabricius.” The only authors
who have referred to Z. indica are Mr. Murray who described it from
Allahabad at the instigation of Mr. Moore, Mr. Moore who records it
from Ceylon and the N.-W. Himalayas, Mr. Butler from Mhow and
Formosa, Col. Swinhoe from Poona and Ahmednugger in the Bombay
Presidency, and Dr. O. Staudinger with a query from Palawan in
the Philippine Islands. I have a very long series of specimens of
Z. otis from almost throughout India, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Celebes,
&c. Ihave tried my utmost to separate these specimens into two
species by the character of the spots on the underside of the forewing
by which test Capt. Watson says they can be differentiated, but have
failed, as though in some specimens the spots are ‘‘ brown,’ (or more
correctly pale fuscous) with grey borders, while others are deep black
with prominent white borders, I have many specimens which are
strictly intermediate. I gather that Capt. Watson restricts Z. indica
to Burma and South India, but it must be held to oceur in the N,-W.
Provinces, from whence it was originally described. But Capt. Watson
does not say where he considers Z. otis to occur. I consider Z. otis to
inhabit all India and across Southern Asia to Hongkong, Burma, the Malay
Peninsula, the Philippine Islands, and probably most of the islands of
the Malay Archipelago, from many of which it has been recorded,
chiefly by the German and Dutch writers, as Z. lysizone, Snellen.
With regard to Yarucus theophrastus, Fabricius, which Capt.
Watson splits up into four distinct species in India, I am prepared to
admit tentatively that the 7’. venosus, Moore, may be a distinct species ;
but that 7. callinara, Butler (? typical T. theophrastus), T. extricatus,
Butler (? 7. nara, Kollar), and 1’. alteratus, Moore, are also distinct
I greatly doubt. In this connection the notes by Dr. N. Manders in
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xxviii, p. 130 (1892) on the seasonal forms of
T. alteratus and T. theophrastus found at Rawal Pindi in the Punjab
may be studied with advantage.
a ac Ra a IO gO OI Oe a ae nN
JOURNAL
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
—choo-
Vol. LXVI. Part Il.—NATURAL SCIENCE.
No. IV.—1897.
Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colours and Mimicry. No. IV.
Experiments with various Birds. Summary and conclusions.— By
F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.8., Deputy Superintendent of the Indian Museum.
[Received May 27th; Read June 2nd, 1897].
Introduction.
In accordance with the intention implied in previous ‘papers of
this series, (J. A. S. B. LXIV, Pé. IT, 1895 p. 344; LXV, Pt, IT, 1896,
p. 42; LXVI, Pt. II, 1897, p. 528). 1 give in this, the final paper
thereof, an account of my experiments with birds other than the >
Babblers (Crateropus canorus) to which my first paper was devoted,
together with a general summary and conclusions.
Some of the experiments herein detailed had already been made
when my paper on the Babblers was published, and I have made many
others since.
Most of these have been made with birds of the Passerine order,
the largest and most important of all the groups of birds commonly
regarded as of ordinal value. And among these I have paid particular
attention to the birds of the Babbler group* generally, that being cre
* Unfortunately great difference of opinion prevails among ornithologists as
to the extent and limits of this group of birds, the “family” Crateropodidz or
Timeliide of authors.
For the purposes of this enquiry I restrict the term “ Babbler” to species be,
longing to Mr. Oates’ (Fauna of British India, Birds, Vol. I), “‘ sub-families ”
Crateropodinz, Timeliine, Sibiine, and Liotrichine. I have experimented with
none of the Brachypterygine ; and though inclined with Mr. Oates to rank the
ait. £5
614 KF. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
in which I am specially interested, so that I was led to keep many of
the species in order to observe them in life.
In fact, the experiments in this paper are often not very syste-
matic, since experimenting on this subject was not always my main
object in keeping birds at all.
The keeping of many specimens of one or several groups of birds
together is not the best possible way at arriving at experimental results,
and many of the present experiments were made under these conditions,
especially those in which Babblers of different kinds were concerned.
And for this I feel some apology is due to investigators.
Considering, however, the largely arboreal habits of many Bab-
blers, and their abundance in this Oriental region, I do not think that
any great harm will result from the particular attention I have given
to their tastes in the matter of insects.
SECTION I.
MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS BIRDS, MOSTLY BELONGING TO
THE BABBLER AND BULBUL GROUPS, AND KEPT TOGETHER. Series A, }
I commenced this series of experiments in 1895, soon after releasing
the Babblers dealt with in my first paper, J. A. 8S. B. LXIV, Pé. I,
1895, p. 344. The birds used were kept in the aviary vacated by these,
and were fed on seed and fruit.
The, insectivorous birds at first put in were four Red-whiskered
Bulbuls (Otocompsa emeria) and five Liothrix (Liothria luteus) ; but before
long one of the former and two of the latter escaped. Other birds were
put in afterwards, as noted below, including another species of Bulbul. .
Bulbuls live largely on fruit, but also devour insects, in doing
which they do not use their feet to hold their prey, but depend entirely
on their beaks; they have considerable swallowing power. Many
species are found in the African and Oriental regions. | )
The Liothrix uses its foot to grasp its prey, like Orateropus canorus,
which it resembles in many of its habits. This bird is very active and.
intelligent, and feeds on fruit and seed as well as insects. It is well-
known to amateurs of birds in England as the Pekin Robin; and has a
certain resemblance in size, &c., to the true Robin, It is common in the
Himalayas and extends into China, |
Brachypodine or Bulbuls with the more typical members of the Babbler group
I here treat of them as a separate one, that being the position assigned to them by
several ornithologists,
They are less active on their legs and more so on their wings than the Babblers
proper, a very practical distinction in habits for those considering the relations of
birds to insects.
1897. ] F,. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. 615.
The experiments were usually on consecutive days.
I. Put into the aviary an insect-cage containing a number of
non-warningly-coloured butterflies (Papilio demoleus, Catopsilia and
Junonia), with one Delias eucharis* and four Danais chrysippus. Two
Catopsilias. were taken when they came out by Liothrix, while a
D. chrysippus was not. 1 then took out the butterflies and put them into
the aviary through the netting. Presently a Bulbul deliberately took
a D. chrysippus and ate it whole, though it might have had other butter-
flies.
I then saw another D. chrisippus eaten whole by a Bulbul. The
Liothrix did not seem to attack them, though they took Junonias. I
saw a Liothrix take a Catopsilia after rejecting a D. chrysippus. It then
left this and took a Junonia, which it ate nearly whole.
I then saw a Bulbul take a D. chrysippus (the only wuttertty 4 near
it) which it prepared to swallow, but dropped accidentally ; what
happened next I did not see.
II, Put into the aviary a number of non-warningly-coloured but-
terflies and two D. chrysippus; the latter were not attacked by the
Liothrix, but eaten whole by two Bulbuls, being the first butterflies
attacked (they were nearest) by these birds, which did not, at any rate
immediately, eat others. Both sexes of Hlymnias undularis were among
the insects put in, and I saw the females were not avenies by the
Liothrix, but seized.
III. Put in a number of non-warningly-coloured butterflies and
four Danais chrysippus. One Danais was eaten by a Bulbul, and one
taken and left by a Liothrix, these birds attacking other butterflies.
Another Bulbul took a non-warningly-coloured butterfly, and a
third a Papilio demoleus, which seemed to give it much trouble, and it
did not eat it. A Bulbul then flew down and took and ate a
D. chrysippus, though there were other butterflies on the floor. (I have
seen a Liothrix peck the wings of a Catopsilia and then leave it).
Neither Liothrix nor Bulbuls offered to touch a Delias eucharis
even when it fluttered close to them.
Two D. chrysippus and some other butterflies were uneaten, and
the birds were going to roost, when I put in a number of Danais
chrysippus, and some D. limniace and Huplea. None were attacked as
far asI saw. The Bulbuls should have been hungry, as there was no
fruit in the cage at the time, though I then put in some.
* Another specimen of this species was the only butterfly that remained
uneaten from the previous day, when I had given many butterflies and seen both
warningly-coloured and harmless species attacked, before regularly taking these
notes.
616 F. Finn — Heperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
IV. The Delias eucharis put in the previous day was still alive
and not much torn, while of the other butterflies I found only wings
left. There was no fruit in the cage but a partly eaten orange which
I had put in at the same time as the butterflies. I put in some cock-
roaches, which, like the D. eucharis, were not attacked. Later on in the
day I found the D. eucharis dead, but uneaten. The cockroaches got
away under the drinking vessel.
I put into the aviary a large insect-cage containing various butter-
flies, mostly warningly-coloured ones; a Limenitis and two Danais
(chrysippus and genutia) first came out, and the former was seized by
a Liothrix, which could just as easily have taken a Danais. The
Liothrix did not take any insects from the cage, but one then caught,
tore, and apparently ate the D. genutia which had come out. They
tried, however, to get at the insects through the glass, and then one
came to the entrance and took a non-warningly-coloured butterfly.
I then took out the cage and put its contents into theaviary. I
did not see the Liothrix eat any more Danais—on the contrary, I several
times saw them take a non-warningly-coloured butterfly when they
could easily have had one of these.
I saw a Bulbul swallow a D. chrysippus, and two D. chrysippus
and a D. limniace taken, beaten, and dropped by this species. There
was plenty of fruit in the cage.
When the birds were going to roost the only non-warningly-
coloured butterflies left out of about a dozen were one Hlymnias undu-
laris & (dead), and a Nepheronia hippia 3. These two I took out and
reserved, with two Danais chrysippus. (1 could not find them, however,
when I wanted them next day).
V. The Delias eucharis mentioned in the account of the experi-
ments of the previous day, was still uneaten, though the other butter-
flies seemed to have been devoured.
I put in sume more butterflies, and saw that though the Liothrix
readily attacked Danais at first, they took non-warningly-coloured
butterflies when they had the choice.
I now added to the collection two common Bulbuls (Molpastes
bengalensis), and four Button-Quails (Turnix taigoor), and put in some
more butterflies, including a Papilio aristolochix.
This time again the non-warningly-coloured species were obviously
preferred by the Liothrix.
At some time or other to-day I saw a D. chrysippus swallowed whole
by a Red-whiskered Bulbul, and another eaten by a Liothrix, which
species also ate a Danais limniace. I also saw a common Bulbul reject
a, D. chrysippus, many of which species had been given.
1897. | F, Finn— Heperiments with various Birds. 617
Next day all the butterflies were gone (I did not notice the
Delias eucharis) but the Papilio aristolochiz#, which was not even hurt
till the afternoon, when a Bulbul killed it, and some bird, I think,
afterwards ate the abdomen. Yet the birds had no insects to-day.
The Liothrix often pecked at the wings lying about.
VI. I put into the aviary a number of butterflies, the non-
warningly and warningly-coloured species being fairly equal in number,
the former comprising Catopsilia, Junonia, &ec., and the latter being
chiefly Danais chrysippus.
The Liothrix only attacked non-warningly-coloured species at first,
as far as I could see, and the Button-quails also seemed to like these
best, for I saw one swallow a Catopsilia, and they eagerly pursued
Liothrix which had one of these or another non-warningly-coloured
butterfly in their possession. On the other hand, I saw a D. chrysippus
worried by one, but I am not sure that it was eaten.
The Common Bulbuls made no attempt to eat any butterflies but
one D. chrysippus, which was taken and I think eaten by this species,
even with other butterflies about. I saw the Red-whiskered Bulbuls
eat two D. chrysippus; 1 forget whether at this particular time there
were non-warningly-coloured butterflies about, but when there were
these birds made no attempt to eat them.
The Liothrix afterwards attacked and ate some of the warningly-
coloured kinds; I saw an Euplea and a D. genutia taken and eaten
even when two Hlymnias undularis 3 were in the aviary, I had put in
two males of this species and one female (in bad condition and much
torn) with their upper surface displayed ; but the first bird that came
(a Button-Quail) chose the female first.
_ The Bulbuls had had no food for two hours at least, and ravenously
devoured part of a plantain put in. When the birds went to roost
the only butterflies unhurt were a Papilio aristolochie and some
D. chrysippus ; a P. demoleus lay dead.
) A P. polites was soon killed, though I did not see it done, and
T think a Button-Quail ate it.
VII. Next morning all the butterflies appeared to have been eaten
but the Papilio aristolochiz, which was still alive, though in the after-
noon I found it dead, but uneaten.
About 5 p.m. I put in first a Delias eucharis, which was attacked
and devoured whole by a Button-quail, which had yet not eaten the
P. aristolochiz.
I then put in another P. aristolochiz and a P. polites, together. The
latter was almost immediately attacked by the Liothrix, and I think
partly eaten, while a Button-Quail swallowed the remainder. The
618 F. Finn — Eaperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
former was not molested by either kind of bird, though ‘they looked at
it. Having given a Liothrix a Huphina phryne in my fingers from out-
side, I then offered, one in each hand, a Hypolimnas misippus 2 and a
Junonia. The latter was taken, but it was nearest the bird; immedi-
ately afterwards another Liothrix tried to take the Junonia. abi
I repeated the experiment with this mimic and a Catopsilia; this
time the bird chose the Catopsilia, though not nearest.
I repeated the experiment with the mimic and another Junonia ;
the bird crossed over from the perch nearest the Hypolimnas to that
nearest the Junonia, and took this.
I repeated the experiment with the Hypolimnas and a Huphina
phryne ; the birds were timid, but both insects were approached, and
the head of the Hypolimnas snatched off ; but when I left both stuck
in the. netting, a Liothrix took the abhited it was taken from it by a
Button-Quail. I stuck the mimic and a small ferruginous butterfly in
the netting; the first Liothrix chose the latter.
I put in a Danais chrysippus, which a Liothrix immediately seized,
and I saw it at least partly eaten, I suppose by the same bird. .
I offered a D. chrysippus to the Button-Quail, which took and
killed it, but it was taken from them and eaten by a Liothrix.
I put in two P. demoleus and two D. chrysippus; one of the former
was taken and rejected by a Red-whiskered Bulbul. I saw one Papilio
eaten by a Button-Quail, and I think the other was. Of the
D. chrysippus one was swallowed whole by a common Bulbul, and one
killed by a Button-Quail, which lost it to a Liothrix, which ate it.
I put in then six D. chrysippus, which were attacked by the
Liothrix and Red-whiskered Bulbuls, and I saw two swallowed by the
latter birds. While some of these Danais were alive, I put in three
more, and saw two worried and partly at least eaten by Button-Quails. '
As the birds were now going to roost, I ceased experimenting,
leaving three D. chrysippus and a P. aristolochiz, alive, and another
of the latter species dead, in the aviary. There was still a little
fruit left, and there was always seed in the cage.
The Bulbuls had no chance at any non-warningly coloured butter-
flies.
VIII. Next day, no butterflies visible in the morning but the two
Papilio aristolochix, that left living still alive, though injured. I put in
specimens of Danais genutia, D. chrysippus, aud D. limniace, and Huplea,
which were attacked readily by the birds. I saw a Button-Quail swal-
low an Huplea, and a Liothrix drop one. This I have seen Liothrix
do before, but I believe it will eat this species.
There was no fruit in the cagé. All the butterflies soon dis-
appeared, I put in some fruit, which the Bulbuls ate ravenously.
1897.]- F. Finn— Eaperiments with various Birds. 619
IX. Next day there was no trace of the two Papilio aristolochiz
but a wing.
I put in first a Delias ewcharis, which a Button-Quail ate. Then I
put in a Danais chrysippus, which was soon seized by a Liothrix.
I then put in three non-warningly-coloured butterflies, and one
each of D. chrysippus, D. genutia, and D. limniace. The Liothrix first
took two of the non-warningly-coloured specimens, then one took the
D. genutia, and then another the third non-warningly-coloured speci-
men. The D. genutia ultimately fell mostly to the share of a Button-
Quail, and the D. limniace appeared to be eaten by a Liothrix.
While the D. chrysippus was still alive in the aviary, I put in
one specimen each of D. genutia and D. limniace, and also a Catopsilia
-and a Junonia. The latter was seized by a Liothrix, and a Button-
Quail attacked all three Danas, but finished by eating ie Bae
A Liothrix then ate the D. genutia.
While these still were in the cage D. limniace (alive) and D. eel
sippus (dead), I put in three fresh specimens of D. genutia and
D. chrysippus,and Huplea, and several non-warningly-coloured specimens.
These last were soon attacked by the Liothrix, and the Button-Quails
ate some, though the former D. chrysippus lay there dead.
A Liothrix, seizing by accident a D. limniace and a non-warningly-
coloured butterfly together, let the Danais drop and retained the other.
While the Danais only were still noticeable in the aviary, I put
in a Junonia, which was soon seized by a Liothrix, obviously by Peete
as the others were mostly close by.
One D. chrysippus was then attacked by a Button-Quail, and are
at least eaten by a Red-whiskered Bulbul. The non-warningly-coloured
_ butterflies were now all gone ; two Button-Quails swallowed the Huplea
and a D. chrysippus, which a Red-whiskered Bulbul (weakly) had tried
to eat. The D. limniace had also by this time disappeared (I think
eaten by a Liothrix after the non-warningly-coloured butterflies were
gone) ; the D. genutia was still alive.
I then put in one specimen each of P. polites, P. demoleus,
D. chrysippus, D. limniace, and Huplea.
The birds now mostly wanted to rest, but the Button- Quaila
(assisted perhaps by a Red-whiskered Bulbul) soon finished all but a
D. genutia and a D. limniace, and these were soon dead and mangled.
I then put in a number of D. chrysippus, two or three D. gamit
and two Lupleas, a Junonia, and an Hlymnias undularis 9°.
The Junonia was unmistakeably singled out for attack and seized
by Liothrix, which next attacked the two Hupleas, and I saw one
eaten, and have no doubt the other was.
620 F. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
I saw D. chrysippus attacked both by this species and by Red-
whiskered Bulbul, and then left off watching, being convinced already
that Liothrix preferred the non-warningly-coloured butterflies. I was
not so sure about the Bulbuls, which I saw this time neglected all
butterflies, when both sorts were together, and yet they eat warningly-
coloured ones. '
The birds had had a good meal of fruit. before I began experi-
menting... The fate of the Hlymnias undularis 9 I did not see, but I
expect that, like P. polites, it was not a good enough mimic to escapes
as I have seen it before seized by Liothrix. The rest of the butterflies
were soon eaten.
EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS Birps. Series B.
About this time I released all the Bulbuls. A day or two after-
wards I noticed a bit of a Papilio aristolochix on the floor. For several
days now the birds had practically no insects but those they could catch
casually. I gave them, however, two Huproctis moths one day. One
was eaten by a Button-Quail the other by a Liothrix, which latter did
not seem to relish it much. Wild birds do not seem to eat this species,
though helpless by day at any rate and easy to see. I then commenced
another series of experiments.
I. I offered a Nepheronia hippia 9 with a Danais limniace, a Catop-
silia, and two other non-warningly-coloured butterflies. These Jast
three were seized by the three Liothrix, and a Button-Quail disabled the
mimic, which I took out.
I offered the N. hippia with a non-warningly-coloured species, and
the N. hippia was taken first, by a Liothrix (it was nearest). D. limniace
was as yet untouched. °
I put in Huplea, D. chrysippus, and two non-warningly-coloured
species, one a Huphina phryne. The former was taken by a Liothrix,
but the bird hardly had a fair choice.
I put in Huplea, D. chrysippus, D. limniace, and a P. polites; none
were taken at once, but a Liothrix found and took a non-warningly-
coloured one. Then Huplea was taken.
I put in several D, chrysippus, with a P, demoleus and a P. polites,
and a non-warningly-coloured specimen, which was picked out by a
Liothrix.
A Button-Quail turned away from a D. chrysippus and ate the
H. phryne previously put in, as mentioned above, and I suppose dropped
by Liothrix. Soon after this I saw a Liothrix eat an Huplea; and soon
after I saw another eat a D. limniace, and another take a D. chrysippus
which had been refused by a Button-Quail, The Papilios were still
alive, as also one D. limniace, one Huplwa, and several D. chrysippus.
1897. | F. Finn— Eeperiments with various Birds. 621
II. Next day, the only butterfly not torn was Papilio demoleus,
and it soon disappeared.
I put in three Atella phalanta and one each of Danais genutia,
D. chrysippus, and Huplea.
Two Atellas were seized by two Liothrix ; the third Liothrix took
the Huplea.
A Button-Quail ate the D. genutia, and then an Atella, which I
don’t think the birds saw at first.
The D, chrysippus was soon seized by a Liothrix.
I put in Huplea, D. chrysippus, and two non-warningly-coloured
butterflies. The latter were taken by Liothrix, one, an Hlymnias
undularis g, being obviously chosen in preference to D. chrysippus.
While the Huplea and D. chrysippus were untouched, I put in one
D. chrysippus, one D. genutia, and two Catopsilias, The Catopsilias were
chosen by Liothrix.
While two D, chrysippus, a D. genutia, and an Huplea were in the
aviary, | put in a Huphina phryne, which was taken by a Liothrix. I
put two more in, but they were in a corner, and the birds did not seem
to see them. | |
I put in then, the two D. chrysippus and a D. genutia and Luplea
being still alive, two Papilio demoleus, and two P. polites. One of the
last fell to the ground and was swallowed whole by a Button-Quail ;
none of the other butterflies were attacked, not even the two H. phryne,
which I picked out and put on a box. Here the Liothrix looked at
them and one picked them up. Yet at this time a Liothrix caught
mosquitoes.
The female Button-Quail (which had eaten the P. polites), now
after many attempts swallowed the D. genutia, which was obviously too
big for her. She had previously attempted to swallow an Huplea, which
when she left it was long pecked at by the male, and pulled to pieces,
but little if any was eaten. '
I put the two Huphina phryne on the floor, and a Liothrix pulled
one about, but hardly touched it, though these birds took the remains
of the Huplea and picked at them.
However, a Liothrix soon after ate one of the H. phryne, while
there were two P. demoleus, two D. chrysippus, and a P. polites in the
aviary. I then put in a Neptis leucothoé, which was seized by a
Liothrix, which dropped it, and another carried it up on to a box at the
top of the aviary, where I did not see what happened further.
then took out and reserved the two D. chrysippus and P. demoleus, and
the P. polites, (a mimetic specimen), and reserved them, all unhurt.
Part of a H. phryne still lay on the floor of the cage.
deo rs, 19
622 F. Finn— Eaperiments with variods Birds. [No. 4,
When I put in the butterflies I had reserved, the Danais was
first attacked, then the P. polites; the P. demoleus was left a little
time, then it disappeared, as the other two species had done.
Ill. I put in two Danais chrysippus and one D. genutia and three
non-warningly coloured butterflies. The Liothrix took the latter first ;
then one took the D. genutia, The female Button-Quail apparently
ate the two D. chrysippus, but she had no fair chance at the others.
A Papilio aristolochie put in was not touched by any of the
birds. Buta few hours after only a wing was left.
I putin one D. chrysippus and Huplea and two or three non-warn-
ingly-coloured ones. These were taken first.
1 put in a female of N. hippia, which was eaten by a Button-
Quail. .
I put in some Danais with Huphina phryne and other non-warn-
ingly-coloured specimens where the Button-Quails could have a choice ;
they did not seem eager for any, and certainly did not pick out the.
non-warningly-coloured ones. A Liothrix went on tearing a Huplea
even among these, and I think ate it.
Soon the Button-Quail ate a greyish butterfly, and a Liothrix
took one of the H. phryne, while two D. chrysippus were still left.
An Elymnias undularis & was ina corner, so I put it between the
two D. chrysippus, whence a Liothrix took it.
In the evening I put in one each of D. chrysippus, D. genutia, —
D. limniace, and Huplea, with a similar number of non-warningly-
coloured butterflies. The Liothrix deliberately picked out three of
these; I did not see whether they got the fourth. The Button-Quail
swallowed the D. chrysippus. Then a Liothrix took the Huplea.
IV. Next day, the Danais limniace put in yesterday had been
eaten. I putin an Huplea with two Nepheronia hippia $. A Liothrix
took the Huplea first, before I was fairly ont of the aviary. Only
the undersides of the N. hippia were visible.
When all these were eaten, I put in two Papilio demoleus, two
P. polites (not much like P. aristolochix,) and two D. chrysippus. A
P. demoleus was first taken, by a Liothrix. P. polites seemed to be looked
at by these birds with some suspicion; yet one was soon taken, and
another seized, pecked, and left, by them. ‘This specimen, however, and
both the P. demoleus (one of which I think was swallowed by the
female Button-Quail) disappeared before one Danais did. This, how-
ever, afterwards disappeared.
V. Next day, I put in one each Danais chrysippus, D. genutia
and Euplea, with three non-warningly-coloured butterflies. The
Liothrix took at the first attack the Huplea and two of the non-warn-
1897.] F. Finn—Eaperiments with various Birds. 623
ingly-coloured butterflies, while next one took the third, a Catopsilia,
in distinct preference to the D. genutia. The D. chrysippus was swal-
lowed by the female Button-Quail. I then saw an Elymnias undularis 3
and a Huphina phryne, (which I put in) both taken by Liothrix, when
there was another D. chrysippus in the aviary; but I doubt if they pro-
perly saw the latter. I then put in four Papilio demoleus and two
D. chrysippus (one of the latter species being in the aviary still). A
P. demoleus was first seized, by a Liothriz. The female Button-Quail took
a D. chrysippus, but neglected the P. demoleus. A Liothrix then
attacked the other P. demoleus but did not kill it; nor did the Button-
Quails notice it, as it fluttered on the floor. I then turned in some
small young cockroaches, which were greedily eaten by the Button-
Quails, and also taken by Liothrix, (as, indeed, happened yesterday ).
Yet on that occasion I saw a Liothrix leave a cockroach, after having
butterflies as now.
I saw the male Button-Quail look at and leave P. demoleus. Some
hours afterwards all these butterflies were gone, and I put. in two
male Hypolimnas and two Hupleas. The first Liothrix took an Luplea,
the second a Hypolimnas, a Button-Quail the other Hypolimnas, and
Liothrix the other Huplea. All were eaten as far as [ could see, but I
don’t think by their original captors exclusively.
I put in two more Hupleas, and two Junonias of different species ;
the first Liothrix took an Huplea, the second a Junonia, A Button-
quail got the other Junonia. One Huplea was still in the cage when
I put in a small Lycenid, which was eaten whole by a Liothrix. It
was still there when I put in a Huphina phryne. This was not attacked
at once; I blew it down, and a Button-quail ate it. The last Ruplea
was then eaten by a Liothrix.
I put in a protective Satyrid and a D. chrysippus. A Button-quail
ate the former. The D. chrysippus was still untouched when I put in
several more, with one D. genutia, one D. limniace, and three P. polites.
The Liothrix attacked none at once. A Button-quail pecked at
P. polites and swallowed a D. chrysippus whole.
VI. The male Button-quail was now lost.
I put in three Juwnonias and one each of Danais chrysippus,
D. limniace and Euplea. The female Button-quail got one Junonia, and
a Liothrix took the Huplewa, while a second Junonia was in a corner.
I blew it out, when a Liothrix distinctly chose it before the two Danais.
I think the Button-quail got the third Junonia.
While the two Danais were in the cage, I put in two Junonias. A
Liothrix distinctly chose one before the D. chrysippus; the Button-quail
got the other.
624, F, Finn— Zaperiments with various Birds, [ No. 4,
I put in another Junonia which was soon taken by Liothrix,
though the Danais were still there. However, a Liothrix which had
got part of the Huplea, did not leave it for the Junonia. —
I then put in several non-warningly-coloured and “ protected ”
butterflies ; the former nearly all disappeared first.
VII. I put in two Catopsilias and two Delias eucharis. The former
were seized by Liothrix.
I put in four Hupleas and four non-warningly-coloured butterflies.
An Huplea was first taken by a Liothrix; then the rest of the non-
warningly-coloured specimens disappeared. I saw two taken before
Eupleas by the Liothrix. While three Hupleas were left, I put in
another non-warningly-coloured butterfly, which was immediately seized
by a Liothrix. 3
I then put in some more butterflies, including Danais chrysippus,
D. genutia, Papilio aristolochiz and a blue and black species, two Huphina
phryne and P. demoleus. I put in one H. phryne before the other,
but a Liothrix looked at and did not take it, and one of these birds
took one of the Hupleas. All this time the Button-Quail did not
attempt to eat the Delias eucharis, while it swallowed two D. genutia.
The blue and black Papilio was killed and left by a Liothrix, swallowed
by the Button-Quail. The H. phryne were eaten, by Liothrix I think,
while some other butterflies yet remained untouched.
At the end of tke afternoon only the two Delias eucharis were left,
dead but uneaten, on the floor.
I then put in two or three non-warningly-coloured butterflies and
three Eupleas ; the Liothrix preferred the former. While one Huplea
remained untouched, I put in a D. chrysippus (a Liothrix had just
taken one of the species) and three non-warningly-coloured butterflies,
all of which latter were taken by the three Liothrix. This in spite of
two of them, Atella phalanta, being tawny like the Danais.
While the Danais and one Huplea were untouched (a Liothrix was
eating another Huplea) I put in another non-warningly-coloured butter-
fly. The first Liothrix was regarding it closely, when another took it.
I then put in six D. chrysippus, two P. demoleus, one P, polites,
one D. limniace, and one Nepheronia hippia &. This last was the first
seized by a Liothrix, which left it. It was, however, ultimately eaten
by a bird of this species. But they seemed less keen on butterflies
than previously.
VIII. Next day in the morning I found only the two Delias
eucharis and a Papilio aristolochiz left. In the evening they still lay
there.
I put in two P. polites. The first, a non-mimetic one, was looked
1897.] F. Finn— Experiments with various Birds. 625
at, but not touched, by the first Liothrix and the Button-Quail ;
the second, though much more like P. aristolochie, was very soon
taken by a Liothrix.
I then put in some Danais chrysippus, D. genutia, D. limniace, and
Buplea. The Button-Quail swallowed two D. chrysippus at least. I
think the Hupleas disappeared first.
IX. In the afternoon, next day, all the butterflies were gone, but
the two Delias eucharis and the Papilio aristolochizw left before. The
aviary was now cleaned out, and I put in two P. aristolochiw and a
P. polites (not much like the protected species). The latter was at
once seized by a Liothrix. One of these birds and the Button-Quail
looked at but did not touch, the others. I putin an Huplea and three
Junonias. Two at least of the latter were taken by Liothrix in obvious
preference to the former. I put in five more non-warningly-coloured
specimens. One was seized by a Liothrix, the Huplea being still there.
A Liothrix then took one from the Button-Quail, as had happened
with one of the three Junonias above-mentioned. :
Another Junonia was put in, and seized by a Liothrix. All the
five non-warningly-coloured butterflies were eaten before the Huplea,
or any of half-a-dozen Danats chrysippus and a D. genutia which I had
now put in.
X. I put into the aviary two Papilio aristolochi# and two mimetic
specimens of P. polites. The first one, put in together with the two
P. aristolochiz, was deliberately looked at and taken by a Liothrix.
Then I put in the second, dead, on the floor. The Button-Quail imme-
diately attacked it, but a Liothrix took it away twice; for the former
bird left it at first, after knocking a bit off. The Liothrix evidently
observed the difference in these two species. I then put in some
Danais chrysippus, and one each of D. limniace, Huplea, and P. demolens.
The Button-Quail attacked the last, and the Liothrix ate part of it,
and then one took the Huplea, but with no great eagerness. I saw
none of the D. chrysippus eaten, and the P. aristolochiz were not killed.
XI. Next day, no butterflies left but the two Papilio aristolochiz,
which were able to fly away.
I added two common Bulbuls (iiicstes bengalensis) to the aviary,
I then put in the evening three Danais chrysippus, an Huplea, and
several non-warningly-coloured butterflies, including some Papilio polites
and a P. demoleus.. The Danais and Huplea were not taken by the
Liothrix as long as any others remained.
The Bulbuls showed no distinct tastes, but were very wild.
XIl. I put in, in the morning, several non-warningly-coloured
butterflies, with some Danais chrysippus and an Huplea, The former
626 F. Finn— EHuperiments with various Birds. [ No. 4,
all disappeared before the Danainex, most being taken by the Liothrix,
but one large specimen by a Bulbul. The latter birds were hungry. I
saw a Liothrix take a Junonia when close to the Huplea.
I then put in two Papilio polites, one of which was immediately
attacked by a Liothrix, D. chrysippus being at hand. A P. demoleus was
eaten before the other butterflies, which had, however, disappeared
in the evening, when I put in some more, mostly D. chrystppus and
Euplea, with two Delias eucharis, I did not see these taken. A
solitary Junonia given was seized with obvious preference by a Liothrix.
EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS Birps. Series C.
The present series was conducted with one of these Liothrix only,*
but several Bulbuls were used; the two Molpastes bengalensis noted a
few lines above, and two each of the Red-whiskered (Otocompsa emeria)
Yellow-vented (Molpastes leucotis) and White-crested ( Pycnonotus sinensis)
species (not Indian). The Button-Quail had been removed.
I. I putin four Danats chrysippus and about six non-warningly-
coloured butterflies. The Liothrix took one of the latter, and the
Common Bulbuls ate two D. chrysippus. I also saw this species
taken by one Yellow-vented Bulbul; the other took a non-warningly-
coloured butterfly. A bird of this species then ate readily a Delias
eucharis given, though they had had non-warningly-coloured butterflies,
aud there was also fruit.
When all the butterflies put in were gone, I introduced six or seven
Papilio polites and a D. limniace, and three Huphina phryne. A
White-crested Bulbul ate one of the P. polites, and one tried at the
D. limniace, aud I think ate the head, but a Common Bulbul took the
butterfly away and swallowed it. The Liothrix took a P. polites.
Two Huphina phryne were the last butterflies I saw eaten, one by
a Yellow-vented Bulbul and one by a White-crested.
II. Next day I put m three Papilio aristolochiz and two
P. polites. I saw the Liothrix with one of the latter, and a Common
Bulbul eat readily a P. aristolochiwx. And as all the insects soon
disappeared, the Bulbuls must have eaten the others also.
III. Next day I put in nine non-warningly-coloured butterflies,
two Hupleas, two Danais limniace and a D. chrysippus. The last was
taken by a Common Bulbul, though there were plenty of other butter-
flies, and eaten as far as I saw, and this bird then took a non-warn-
* But all were together with these Bulbuls a little while, and at this time one
day I put in a number of butterflies, mostly “protected” kinds. I thought the
Bulbuls did not much relish them, but all soon disappeared. I think I saw a
Common Bulbul drop an Euplea.
1897. ] F. Finn— Experiments with various Birds. 627
ingly-coloured specimen. A Red-whiskered Bulbul made its first
attempt on a D. limniace, though non-warningly-coloured butterflies
were at hand. The Liothrix took two of these latter. The White-
crested Bulbuls took some non-warningly-coloured butterflies, and
pecked and left Huplea and D. limniace, the only Danaids I saw them
try ; this when the other butterflies were gone.
The Yellow-vented Bulbuls ate only non-warningly-coloured butter-
flies as far as I saw.
The last two butterflies left were an Huplea and a D. limniace.
But a Red-whiskered Bulbul took and swallowed the Danais, and the
White-crested Bulbuls, after much battering of it, apparently disposed
of the Huplea, which they evidently did not relish. One of these
latter birds had eaten a Papilio polites I put in readily enough, and two
P. demoleus disappeared, I suppose eaten by the Bulbuls. There was
very little fruit left, and the birds appeared to be hungry.
In the evening I put in a P. aristolochixw, which was seized and
killed by a White-crested Bulbul; this bird did not appear to relish
it much, and seemed inclined to abandon it, when it was snatched
away by a Yellow-vented Bulbul. After this bird had knocked off
all the wings, a Red-whiskered Bulbul got the body but soon dropped
it. Then one White-crested Bulbul took and dropped it; then the
other bird of this species manipulated it for a time till it was snatched
away and ultimately eaten by one of the Yellow-vented species !
IV. I putin some Eupleas and Danais chrysippus and one or two
D. genutia, with a few other butterflies.
The lLiothrix took a Junonia, a Yellow-vented Bulbul a
D. chrysippus. I saw a White-crested Bulbul take and drop a D. chrysip-
_ pus ; nevertheless one of these birds ate one, the other an Huplea. Ithen
saw a White-crested Bulbul take and drop an Euplea with apparent
distaste.
All the butterflies were soon taken, the few non-warningly-coloured
ones disappearing first. These were smaller. A female Hlymnias
undularis was eaten, I do not know by what bird, but it did not seem
to be avoided.
In the evening I offered the Liothrix the choice of Nepheronia
hippia 9, and arather larger non-warningly-coloured species. After
some hesitation he took the latter, and a Yellow-vented Bulbul imme-
diately seized the Nepheronia, but I took this away.
I then offered it again to the Liothrix with a male of the same
species, and he took it (the female). But he was perhaps in fear of a
Common Bulbul which approached. However, he dropped it accidentally
when I scared him off to try again fairly, but I found the Bulbuls
made this impossible, so I allowed them to get both specimens.
628 F. Finn— Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
I then put in a number of butterflies, mostly Papilio polites and
P. demoleus, with several Hupleas, one or two D. genutia and
D. chrysippus, and one P. eurypylus and two or three other nou-warningly-
coloured butterflies.
A Yellow-vented Bulbul attacked first one of the last-named. A
White-crested Bulbul took and rejected an Huplea, but I saw one of
these birds swallow a P. polites, and one eagerly pursue a Junonia,
which was ultimately taken by a common Bulbul, I think because it
was nearest; at any rate the bird left it, and took a P. demoleuws. Then
the Liothrix, which had had a P. polites, took this Junonia.
I saw one of the White-crested Bulbuls flick away a P. demoleus
as if distasteful, but I also saw a specimen of this butterfly manipu-
lated by a bird of this species.
While P. polites and P. demoleus were still available, a male Hlym-
nias undularis, which had escaped from a White-crested Bulbul early
in the progress of this experiment, was alive in a corner apparently
unnoticed. I blew it out, and it settled further up, when after a
little time a Red-whiskered Bulbul took and ate it.
One White-crested Bulbul then after long mauipulation swallowed
a P. demoleus, not appearing to relish it.
The P. eurypylus was attacked by a Yellow-vented Bulbul, but
I found it later, apparently unhurt save for the loss of a wing.
Yet a little while afterwards it had disappeared, while a P. polites and
P. demoleus were still left alive when the birds roosted. There was
fruit in the cage. |
V. Next day, both these butterflies left overnight had dis-
appeared.
At the end of the afternoon (there being fruit in the cage) I put
in eight Danais chrysippus, and asimilar number of non-warningly-
coloured butterflies, and a hawk-moth. I placed these on the ground,
decapitated, instead of offering them alive as usual.
I saw Bulbuls of the Yellow-vented, White-crested, and common
species eat J). chrysippus, and these were all gone before the other
butterflies, which were inconspicuous on the sand. But the Liothrix
saw and selected the latter, and did not eat any Danais, though he
had been eating their heads with those of other butterflies as I picked
them off. I saw one White-crested Bulbul eat a Danais and then a
Junonia, while its fellow was engaged with a non-warningly-coloured
species. The Yellow-vented Bulbul I saw eat a Danais did not seem to
like it much. I then put in a D. genutia, an Huplea (dry and with-
out abdomen) and a male Nepheronia hippia, dead. A Common Bulbul
ate the D. genutia, and a White-crested one the Nepheronia. I putin
1897, ] F. Finn— Eaperiments with various Birds. 629
then a live Huthalia lubentina, which was eagerly chased ; a Yellow-
vented Bulbul either lost it or let it escape, and a Common Bulbul
- swallowed it. I have seen the common Futhalia eaten on this occasion
and before. Even the Huplea soon disappeared.
VI. About this time I put in a number of “ protected” butterflies
of several species with a Pupilio demoleus, which the Liothrix took,
I saw a White-crested Bulbul swallow a Danais chrysippus. .
VII. I put into the aviary three Danais chrysippus and seven non-
warningly-coloured butterflies. I did not see what the Liothrix took.
The Yellow-vented Bulbuls took non-warningly-coloured ones, one
Common Bulbul a Danais chrysippus, and the other a non-warningly-
coloured species.
I saw a White- coated. Bulbul reject a D. chrysippus, and both of
them reject non-warningly-coloured specimens. All the D. chrysippus
were eaten by the common Bulbuls, except part of one which a
Red-whiskered Bulbul took (other butterflies all gone apparently) and
a Common Bulbul snatched away.
The White-crested Bulbuls did not seem eager se any butterflies.
There was fruit in the cage at the time.
I then put in some Papilio polites, some mimetic, but most not so,
with one P. aristolochiz.
The Liothrix did not take any. I saw a White-crested Bulbul
with one of the mimicking specimens; the other also had a P. polites,
and one bird at least appeared to eat its prey. The common Bulbuls
swallowed one at any rate. All of this species soon disappeared, But
the P. aristolochiz was looked at by the Liothrix, and pecked by both
the White-crested Bulbuls, which afterwards cleaned their beaks with
evident disgust; one of these birds had I think disabled the insect at
the first attack.
I then put in two Neptis kamarupa, with a D. limniace, three
P. demoleus, and a Delias eucharis. One of the Neptis was swallow-
ed by one White-crested Bulbul, while the other bird of this species
took a P. demoleus; I did not see whether it ate it, One pecked and
left the D. ewcharis. I saw one try at the D. limniace at first, but it
escaped.. I also saw this butterfly get away from a Common Bulbul, but
a Red-whiskered Bulbul seized it, and it soon disappeared. Soon the
P. aristolochiz and the D. eucharis were the only butterflies left. The
Liothrix took none of these butterflies, though eating fruit and the
head of something.
This same individual again took part in a further series of experi-
ments, which I record below. Three more Liothrix were added, the
other. birds used now being a Chloropsis (Chloropsis aurifrons or
J, th 80
630 F, Finn— Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
malabarica) some Zosterops and two Yellow-vented (one new) and one
Red-whiskered Bulbul only. The Chloropsis is a leaf-hunting bird,
arboreal in habit, and also capturing insects on the wing. It does not
use its foot in manipulating its prey, and swallows large insects with
difficulty. The genus is widely distributed in the Oriental region. The
Zosterops are very small birds, and of little or no importance in this
connection.
EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS BirDs (ON PLAIN DIET) Series D.
I. Offered the Chloropsis heads of different butterflies; he ate
those of non-warningly-coloured species readily, but refused heads of
Danais chrysippus, wiping his beak after trying these. I put a number
of live Hupleas and a D. chrysippus into the aviary, and one of the
former was seized by a Yellow-vented Bulbul, while a Liothrix soon
after took another, which I did not see it eat. In fact, I soon after-
wards saw one of these birds take and drop one. I offered the Chloropsis
a Papilio polites, and while he was looking at it a Liothrix (the
original bird) took it away, and proceeded to eat it, while there were
plenty of Hupleas about. The birds had had very few insects for several
days.
I then pulled off the wings of a P. polites and offered the body to
the Chloropsis, which he took very readily, but dropped it (after some
manipulation), as also did two Liothrix in succession.
The other day the Chloropsis had readily seized a large non-warn-
ingly-coloured butterfly, but it was snatched from him.
I then put in specimens of D. limniace, genutia, and chrysippus, and
P. demoleus, none of which I saw taken, though I saw a Liothrix
catch a D. genutia (1 think) and let it go again, and the Chloropsis
flew at some butterfly but did not catch it.
The Yellow-vented Bulbul apparently ate the Huplea which, as
stated above, it attacked, and I saw a bird of this kind attacking another
Huplea.
I offered the Chloropsis a male Elymnias undularis. He took it
immediately, and manipulated it till he lost it by accident, and a Liothrix
(the original bird) took it. I cannot say whether this bird ate it,
as I saw a Yellow-vented Bulbul with part. Just then another Liothrix
had an Euplea. While watching the Cliloropsis I saw a Liothrix take
and drop a D. genutia.
The Chloropsis then readily took and with some trouble ate a
Junonia. He readily eats small moths and flies.
I left the Liothrix at night attacking Huplwas, but they were not
eager. Next day all the butterflies were gone.
1897. ] -F, Finn — Experiments with various Birds 631
I now released one of the Yellow-vented Bulbuls, which was weakly,
and added a Red-whiskered Bulbul. I must also have put in another of
the former species, though my notes do not say so (see inf7a).
Il. I gave an Acrea viol# to the birds; a Liothrix took it, but
a Yellow-vented Bulbul snatched it and after much mumbling, ate it.
Removed the Red-whiskered Bulbul] again.
III. Put in in the morning several “ protected”’ butterflies, mostly
Huplceas, with one Delias eucharis. The birds were not keen, except one
of the Yellow-vented Bulbuls ; the butterflies, however, were all gone
later on. :
I offered the head of an Acrwa to the Chloropsis, but I am not
quite sure what he did with it. He took and dropped the head of a
Papilio nomius ; but ate two heads of P. demoleus, and several heads of
nou-warningly coloured species. I then put in three Junonias anda
male Hypolimnas with two P. demoleus. One Yellow-vented Bulbul
immediately attacked the P. demolews and ate one; a Liothrix got the
other, and at the same time other Liothrix got most of the non-warn-
ingly-coloured butterflies; I saw the last taken as the Bulbul finished
eating its prey.
I then put in a Junonia, another non-warningly-coloured butterfly,
and two Acreas. The Junonia was soon seized, I think, by a Liothrix,
and a Yellow-vented Bulbul then took the second non-warningly-coloured
one, which it apparently ate. It then ate in succession the two Acreas,
apparently with no great relish ; but this Bulbnl, owing I think to its
small bill, is not good at eating butterflies.
One of the Acrwus had been tried and left by a Liothrix, and
another was trying it, but left it quite readily on the Bulbul’s
- approach.
The keenness of the Liothrix for the Junonias contrasted strongly
with their indifference to the Hupleas.
I then put in the P. nomius, which was before long seized by
a Liothrix. A Bulbul also appeared anxious to obtain it. Presently
it was dropped,—how, I did not see—but soon taken again by another
Liothrix. A Zosterops took it from him, and commenced to eat it,
when a Bulbul snatched it, then a Liothrix got it again, and I think
it was eaten by one of the last named. I have seen the Chloropsis with
bits of wing in his bill, once of D. genutia, and just now he swallowed
a bit of an Huplea’s wing.
I now (next day) commenced to give the birds a daily supply of live
maggots, a man coming for the purpose, who also gave grass-hoppers.
As this alters the conditions of the experiments somewhat, I commence
here a new series, begun next day.
632 F, Finn— EHaperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS BrirDS (ON MORE LIBERAL DIET) SeErizes EH.
I. I offered two Terias to the birds; a Liothrix took and left one,
then, with no great relish, apparently, ate the other. Meanwhile an-
other Liothrix took and left the first specimen. This was not eaten
immediately at any rate, but next morning I did not see it.
IJ. I put many “protected” butterflies into the aviary, mostly
Euplea and Danais limniace, but also a D. chrysippus or two and a
Papilio aristolochiz. The Liothrix soon attacked the Hupleas, and a
Yellow-vented Bulbul took a D. limniace, which it ultimately swallowed,
I believe, after much trouble. I also saw it with an Huplea, and (I
believe the same bird) with another D. limniace.
IT put in a Catopsilia, which was soon taken, though (as above
stated) there were many other butterflies, by a Liothrix, which was
tearing it to pieces, when her own mate forcibly drove her off, and after
pecking at the butterfly with no great relish, left it. I saw an abandon-
ed Huplea close by, and this morning I have seen Liothrix eating these.
A Zosterops took an Huplea, and picked it a bit but then dropped
it.
The Chloropsis attacked the butterflies, but did not seem able to
manage them. But later in the day I saw him swallow with some
trouble the body of an Huplea. Only a few butterflies were now left;
of these an Huplea and a D. chrysippus were feeding on the birds’ fruit.
The Catopsilia was now goue.
I saw a Liothrix leave the body of an Huplea after stripping off the
wings.
Later on, towards evening, I gave the Chloropsis a very small non-
warningly-coloured butterfly, which he ate, and after that a Terzas,
which he also ate.
I offered him two heads of D. chrysippus, the first of which he
flicked away, and the second he only just touched once. He then
immediately took and ate the head of a Catopsilia. I could not get him
to touch the heads of two Hupleas, but it was near roosting-time.
One Huplea and the P. aristolochizw were still uneaten. I took out
the Huplea and put in a Catopsilia, which was soon taken and disposed
of by Liothrix, apparently with no great relish.
(II. Next day in the morning while there were still maggots
in the cage, gave the Chloropsis a skipper, which he ate with difficulty,
getting it the wrong way at first, In the evening, the Papilio aristolochixe
put in yesterday had its wings pulled off, but was still uneaten. I
put in another, and several non-mimetic P. polites. The birds did
not seem eager for them, although a Liothrix had taken a non-warn-
ingly-coloured butterfly readily, before they were put in,
1897. ] F. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. 633
I put in three Terias and a Huphina phryne, which were all eaten
by the Liothrix in preference to P. polites and aristolochix, but with no
great relish, as I saw one bird leave a Terias.
A lLiothrix picked off part of the abdomen of a P. polites and left
it, still living, with signs of (apparent) dislike. However, one of these
birds (I do not know whether the same) returned to the attack, and
most, if not all, of the insect was eaten. I saw a Liothrix take up and
drop the body of yesterday’s P. aristolochix; to-day’s specimen had
not been molested as yet.
When the birds went to roost, three P. polites and the aristolochiz
were left.
IV. Next day in the morning, all the Papilio polites had been
eaten, but the P. aristolochiz had not, the last specimen not being even
torn. Later on I saw the dried body of the earlier specimen lying
about, and some wings, presumably of the other. I put in one specimen
each of Huplea, Danais genutia, chrysippus and limniace, with about an
equal number of non-warningly-coloured butterflies. The Liothrix and
one or both Yellow-vented Bulbuls attacked the latter and consumed
them all before the Danais were touched; the first insect taken being
one of the non-warningly-coloured ones, by a Bulbul, which bird how-
ever swallows even smallish species with difficulty (see above).
The Chloropsis swallowed pieces of wing from the non-warningly-
coloured species, but I did not see if this was by preference. (This
morning the birds had had no maggots so far asI knew). A Liothrix
‘attacked the D. genutia, but did not eat it all, and the three other
protected’ butterflies were still alive when I put in, shortly after,
another D. genutia and chrysippus and a non-warningly-coloured speci-
men. The last was soon taken by a Liothrix.
A D. chrysippus was then pecked and left, at the same time that
another Liothrix was eating a D, genutia. I then put ina Neptis kama-
yupa, which was looked at by one Liothrix, taken and eaten, after
rather tentative pecking, by another.
Meanwhile the Chloropsis attacked the Huplea, but did not capture
it. This Huplea, the D. mniace and genutia and two D. chrysippus
were still uneaten when I put ina dead and rather dry specimen of
Papilio demoleus, which the Chloropsis seized, but when he had battered
off most of the wings, he lost it to a Liothrix, which in turn appeared
to have lost the body to a Bulbul, which bird ate it.
I saw the Chloropsis look at the Huplea, and then take a piece of
dead wing. When I left the birds a Liothrix was eating D. genutia,
and another attacked and left D. chrysippus.
When all the above butterflies seemed to have been eaten, in the
634 F, Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
evening, I put in about twenty Hupleas anda male Hypolimnas, . This
last was singled out for persecution by the Liothrix and a Yellow-vented
Bulbul, and though its size and activity gave trouble, it was at last,
falling in the water vessel, caught firmly by one of the former birds, and
eaten by a bird of this species, which threw up the body once, but
eagerly took it again.
Meanwhile the other Yellow-vented Bulbul was worrying an Huplea,
which I suppose it ate. I saw no other Hupleas eaten at the time, and
both the unoccupied Bulbul and the other Liothrix wanted to get the
Hypolimnas from its owner. I saw Hupleas taken and relinquished by
Liothrix at least twice, though they ate rice and milk (for the last few
days I have been giving them sweetened sop made thus or with bread,
which seems much to their taste and probably lessens their readiness
for butterflies).
The dry body of one aristolochiz# was still about. At night about a
dozen Hupleas were still left in the cage.
V. Next morning some of the Huplwas put in over-night were
gone, but two or three remained alive. In the evening all were eaten.
I then put in a male Hypolimnas and a female Nepheronia hippia. The
former was first attacked by a Liothrix, but before it succeeded in
catching it, another seized the mimic, which had settled with its wings
closed while the other was being chased.
I saw a Bulbul in possession of both, but the Hypolimnas was
snatched from it by a Liothrix just as it had nearly got rid of the wings.
I put in five Papilio aristolochiz and two non-mimetic specimens
of P. polites. One of the latter was soon knocked into the water, and
another taken and torn by a Liothrix, which (or another of the same
species) was about to eat the body, when a Bulbul snatched it and
appeared to eat part.
I found the bodies of four Hupleas in the cage, as well as the old
P. aristolochiz, though the birds had much fewer maggots this morning
than usual.
I took the first P. polites, still living, out of the water and laid it on
the ground. But both it and the P. aristolochize were untouched when
the birds roosted. |
To-day they ate none of the plantain supplied, seeming to prefer
the rice and milk. For a day or two I have noticed little plantain was
eaten.
VI. Next day the P. polites was not to be seen, but none of the
five P. aristolochix had been eaten, and two at least were still alive.
I then put in five Danais chrysippus and three D. limniace, which
were not touched.
1897.] F. Finn — Ezperiments with various Birds. 630
I put in then an Atella phalanta and a Huphina phryne. The former
- was soon taken by a Liothrix and discussed by these birds, but they left
the body, and the Chloropsis, to which I offered it, soon dropped it.
The Huphina was then taken by a Liothrix, but he somehow
dropped it, and the Chloropsis took it, and after much manipulation
swallowed it.
There were maggots in the cage at the time, besides fruit.
I then put in a dead specimen of Papilio demoleus, which was taken
by a Liothrix, but not eaten. However, another Liothrix soon took and
began to tear it, but I next saw it in the possession of a Bulbul, from
which a Liothrix took it when the Bulbul had nearly got rid or the
wings (which the Yellow-vented species seems to find it necessary to do),
and part was eaten by one of these birds, which did not seem eager
for it.
Just after the P. demoleus, I put in a dead D. limniace, which no
bird touched. |
I then took away the maggots.
An hour or so later the D. limniace were all dead, but not eaten,
while all the D. chrysippus were gone. The P. aristolochizw were also
intact, and the four bodies of Hupleas noticed yesterday still lay about.
Towards evening I put in a Catopsilia, a female Hlymnias undularis,
a male Hypolimnas, and some Danais genutia and D. chrysippus.
First a Liothrix attacked the Catopsilia, then another the Hypo-
limnas, which escaped. Before it was captured (as it lay in the water)
a Liothrix took the H. undularis.
_ I took the Hypolimnas out of the water, with the Catopsilia, which,
partly eaten, had fallen into it; while doing this I let a D. genutia
escape.
The Chloropsis had been hotly pursuing the possessor of the Catop-
sila.
I also found the H. undularis uneaten, except the head.
The birds were not eating much plantain even, apparently pre-
ferring the sop.
There were now one D. genutia and three D. chrysippus in the cage.
However, the Chloropsis soon took the Catopsilia, and I think
finished it, for it disappeared. Meanwhile a Liothrix pulled to pieces
the Hlymnias and rejected it.
During this the Hypolimnas was again attacked by Liothrix, but
remained alive, though its wings were much torn.
Then one seized it and took it upon a box in the cage.
I offered the rejected abdomen of the Hlymnias to the Chloropsis,
which carefully crushed and then ate it.
636 ore Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4
I then saw the Hypolimnas being discussed on the floor by a
Liothrix, but another of these birds suatched and I suppose ate it, for
on looking it was not to be found.
I then took out the five P. aristolochiz and three of the D. linens
none of which had been eaten, though all of the latter and two of the
former were headless. One of the P. aristolochiw was still alive. I
offered its head to the Chloropsis, which took and rejected it.
While looking for these I found aD. chrysippus not quite dead.
As it was rather dry I suppose it was not one of the last Jot put in, all
of which were unhurt and also the D. genutia; I threw all these Danais
out, and all but the nearly-dead one flew away.
VIL. After alive Danais limniace had been for some time in the
cage, and there were maggots there, I put in a dead Catopsilia, and
single live specimens of Junonia, male Hypolimnas, and female Hlymnias.
The Chloropsis immediately took the Catopsilia, and the Junonia
was next taken, I think, by a Liothrix.
I then killed the Hlymnias and placed it so as to show its mimetic
upper surface, and it was attacked and left by a Liothrix, then attacked
again, and finally I think eaten by one of these birds, which did not
seem to relish it much, as [ saw the body on the floor, though this was
soon taken.
The Hypolimnas was in a corner and was taken last of all, not till
I stirred it up, when it was taken by a Liothrix, close to where the
maggots were kept, and I think one of these birds ate it.
I then put in a live Huplea and two Danais chrysippus, one of which
latter was soon killed or disabled.
Yet in the evening none had been eaten, not even the D. limmiace
mentioned above, and a D. genutia I put in was only attacked by the
Chloropsis, and not with determination by that bird, which, however,
pursued quite eagerly a non-warningly-coloured specimen then put in,
as also did a Liothrix, but it escaped them, apparently, as I found it
behind the water-vessel. On throwing it out, a Liothrix soon took it,
and I think it was eaten by this species, as I saw one tearing it, and
could find no body.
I offered an Acrva to the Chloropsis, which took, chewed, and
dropped it; I did not see what happened to it afterwards, I then gave
this bird a Terias, which he ate.
I took out one of the D. chrysippus, which could fly, leaving one
other of this species, a D. genutia, D. limniace, and Huplea in the cage.
To-day and yesterday the birds had a double allowance of maggots.
To-day they had rice and milk, but not, I believe, yesterday. Hven
when they have this sop they eat papya, though not caring for plantain.
1897. ] EF. Finn — Heperiments with various Birds. 637
Harly next morning I found all the butterflies left over-night still
uneaten, The birds had neither butterflies nor sop on this day.
VIII, Iputin in the morning, while the birds had plenty of
maggots, single specimens of Paes i Danais limniace and chrysippus,
Acrza, Neptis, and Papilio demoleus, two P. polites (non-mimetic), one
P, clytia and several non-warningly-coloured butterflies including another
small Papilio (I think P. ewrypylus). Most of these were living.
The Chloropsis first attacked, a Catopsilia; then a Yellow-vented
Bulbul, a small non-warningly-coloured specimen, which I think it
dropped. 3
Then I saw a Liothyix and a Bulbul with a non-warningly-coloured
one. ‘T'he Bulbul left the body of this; but the bird is not healthy.
Ido not think the Chloropsis managed to swallow his prey. I
saw him try and leave the Neptis, which a Liothvix took, and picked off
the wings at any rate, while there were non-warningly-coloured butter-
flies about. But at this time I saw a Liothrix eating plantain.
Here I took out the sickly Bulbul to release it, and meanwhile a
Liothrix got out; while keeping the door open to let it in again, one
P. polites got away, but no other butterflies as far as I saw.
The small Papilio was now attacked by a Liothrix, but only the
head was eaten. | |
Lately I saw a Zosterops seize a partly eaten non-warningly-coloured
butterfly and peck at a Catopsilia in the water. I did not see any
eaten. I saw a Liothrix drop a Catopsilia and make no attempt to
recover it.
I then saw a Liothrix take the rejected small Papilio, and after-
wards found of it only wings and a bit of the thorax.
I saw a Liothrix peck and leave a Catopsilia, of which six lay about,
uneaten or nearly so.
I found the body of the Neptis outside, and put it in, when it was
taken and dropped by a Liothrix.
I saw one of these birds eat the body of, I think, a large non-warn-
ingly-coloured butterfly, which body I had seen lying about. There
were also a bit of thorax and wings of a non-warningly-coloured butter-
fly outside; this I gave to the Chloropsis, but did not see what he did
with it.
When I left the Catopsilias were being attacked.
An hour or more afterwards I found that the mimic had been torn,
and its head eaten—not the body. The D. chrysippus, D. limniace, and
Huplea were intact and alive.
The head of the Acrwa had been pulled off, but lay near, and the
body was quite intact, and wings nearly so,
J. 1, 81
J
638 F. Finn— Heperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
All the other butterflies had been eaten, even P. demoleus and
P. polites, which had not been attacked when I left.
There were still plenty of maggots. These were gone in the even-
ing, but the D. chrysippus and Hwplea were still intact; however, earlier
in the day I found the mimic gone, and the D. limniace minus wings
and head.
IX. Next day, I found the D. chrysiP pus and Huplea still remain-
ing, and took them out.
I then added one Common Bulbul and one of the Red-whiskered
species. ‘The former I shortly removed for a few days.
Soon after putting these birds in, I put in some ibe genutia,
D. chrysippus, and Huplea, with some Catopsilias.
These last were devoured first by the Liothrix and partly by the
Chloropsis. ‘The Red-whiskered Bulbul beat off the wings of an Huplea
and swallowed the body. Yet all day, as farasI saw, a D. chrysippus
and Huplea remained uneaten; there were also plenty of maggots in
the cage. |
X. In the evening I offered the Chloropsis a large grey fly, which
it ate readily as usual. Then I gave two glossy-green flies, which it
chewed and dropped ; but these were eaten readily by Liothrix. The
Chloropsis then ate another grey fly. There were maggots and fruit in
the cage, besides seed.
XI. Next day the maggots in the aviary being all eaten, I put
in, in the evening, one specimen each of Dunais chrysippus, D. genutia, ’
and D. limniace, one Huplwa, and three Catopsilias.
The Chloropsis immediately attacked the last and battered one for
some time, till a Liothrix took it away.
Another Liothrix got a second specimen, but these birds did not
attack as readily or as soon as the Chloropsis. I saw one make a flight
at the Huplea when Catopsilia was available ; it did not catch it. |
As the last Catopsilia had been killed by a Liothrix, I put in a
male Hypolimnas. At this time all the “ protected” species were,
unhurt, and part of a Catopsilia lay about, which a Liothrix then ate.
Meanwhile another snapped at the D. genutia. I then turned out the
Hypolimnas, which had got behind a tin. It was not attacked at once,
but looking after dark I found only a wing or two of it left, while the
three Danais and the Huplaa were roosting unharmed in the aviary.
There was still fruit to be had.
XII. Next day, when I first looked at the birds early in the morn-
ing all the four butterflies, (Danais and Huplea) left last night were still
unhurt, though soon after I found the latter dead. They remained
untouched even though the birds had had no maggots yet, and also after
—
US a F. Finn— Experiments with various Birds. 639
these were given, and I then took them out; before which was done, I
saw the D. genutia flutter unharmed before the very bill of a Liothrix.
XIII. I first gave the Chloropsis a Catopsilia. I put into the
aviary one each of Danais chrysippus, genutia, and limniace, Huploa,
Papilio aristolochiz#, and Neptis, all unhurt. I saw none attacked except
the last, and the Liothrix which attacked it did not follow up the attempt.
When, however, I put in two non-warningly coloured butterflies, they
were attacked and eaten by these birds. There was now no sign of the
Catopsilia just putin. The Neptis disappeared, but may have got out,
as I have seen one do once, which I caught.
There were no maggots in the cage, and only a little fruit. The
Chloropsis to-day seemed not much to relish a small grey fly given him
and lost it without much concern.
After dark I looked in the aviary and found the three Danas,
Luplea, and P. aristolochix roosting unhurt.
XIV, Next day, the five “protected” butterflies left last night
were all unhurt this morning, yet when I put ina male Hypolimnas, it
was soon taken by a Liothrix, and the Red-whiskered Bulbul ate some
fruit,
I put the Common Bulbul in again.
After some time I saw a Liothrix tearing the Danais limniace.
No maggots had been given yet, and I could not find the body of the
D. limniace, so I presume the bird ate it. Soon after I found the
D. genutia had been eaten, and the Huplea had disappeared, though
there were now maggots in the cage; and about an hour later the
D. chrysippus had been eaten.
I put into the aviary later (where there was fruit and rice-and-
milk) one specimen each of D. chrysippus, D. genutia, and D. lim-
niace, Papilio demoleus, Huplea, aud male Hypolimnas and Hlymunias,
also P. polites, one mimetic and one not. These were not all put in
exactly at once, and the P. demoleus was first attacked, but not killed,
by a Liothrix. It was, however, eaten by the Red-whiskered Bulbul,
while a Liothrix was tearing the non-mimetic P. polites. The abdomen
of this specimen was eaten, after much fuss, by another Liothrix. The
Elymnias next disappeared, taken, I think, by the Common Bulbul.
This bird next attacked the Hypolimnas and ate it whole, apparently.
The Papilio aristolochix left in last night I found at mid-day,
minus its head, and in the evening I saw its crushed but uneaten body.
Danaids and Huplea not eaten to-day.
‘Next day, I found early in the morning the three Danais and
Huplea still uneaten, and two, D. chrysippus and genutia, apparently
unhurt. There was fruit in the cage. Only the wings of the mimetic
640 F. Finn — Heperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
P. polites remained, but in such a position that I suspected ants might
have eaten them.
I think the Danaids and Huplea were all eaten later on.
XV. I put in three Catopsilia, and one specimen each of Danais
chrysippus and linniace and Huplea. All were dead and rather dry.
But although maggots and fruit were available, the Chloropsis
immediately, and the Liothrix soon after, attacked the Catopsilias. I
think part of them was eaten, but afterwards I found one body, and
saw the Cliloropsis drop its prey or part of it, which the Red-whiskered
Bulbul seized, but also dropped, I think, for I found a dry crushed
thorax: None of tlie Danaines were eaten at present.
The Chloropsis was apparently eating the rejected body of the
Catopsilia when a Liothrix took it.
XVI. Next day, there being plenty of maggots, fruit, and bread-
and-milk in the aviary, I putin nine non-warningly-coloured butter-
flies, and one specimen each of Danas chrysippus, genwtia, and limniace,
Huplea, and Acrea, all dead or disabled. |
They were not touched immediately, but before long a Liothrix
took a non-warningly-coloured ove, and then another didthe same. The
latter dropped its prey, and I found tlie abdomen on tlie floor, which
the Chloropsis ate when offered, after much pinching.
The Red-whiskered (apparently) and Common Bulbuls then each
took a non-warningly-coloured specimen and ate it.. The former bitd
rejected one non-warning|ly-coloured spécimen which was rather dry, but
then ate another. I then saw a Liothrix eat part of a non-warningly-
coloured specimen,
The Common Bulbul then ate the D. genutia, when it might have
taken a Cutopsilia. This last specimen, the small dried one, and an
Llynvnias undularis 8 were the only non-warningly-coloured ones left.
The Liothrix on this occasion behaved much as I have seen done with
“protected” butterflies, pecking their prey about much. The Red-
whiskered Bulbul pecked and refused the Acrea, which specimen had
been also refused by the Liothrix which had refused the small dry
non-warningly-coloured specimen.
The Common Bulbul descended and ate the Cuatopsilia, which had
been dropped by the Chloropsis, which in turn had got it after a
Inothrix. The same Bulbul then flew down and pecked the Hlymnias,
which I had moved nearer the “‘ protected ” specimens, but then flew
up, perhaps frightened. This Llymnias was now apparently the only
non-warningly-coloured specimen left. I now saw it pecked and left
by the Wed-whiskered Bulbul, which had previously been eating some
fruit near it. Then a Liothrix took and tore it, and then dropped it,
1897.) F, Finn Beperiments with various Birds. 641
whéreupon the Red-whiskered Bulbul again got it and ate part ; perhaps
the Liothrix might have also eaten some. But from their marked lack
of eagerness one might infer they did not relish it much. ‘The Red-
whiskered Bulbul then took and dropped the D. limniace.
Later on in the day the Danaines and Acrea had apparently
been eaten ; I saw the wings of the latter; yet there were still maggots
left.
I then put in two Catopsilias, a Junonia, and one specimen each:
of Huplea, D. genutia and chrysippus, all alive, A Liothrix seized
the Junonia, and the Yellow-vented Bulbul attacked a Catopsilia, but
failed to secure it. However, the Common Bulbul got and swallowed
one of these, while the Yellow-vented again attacked the other, which
was also persecuted by the Chloropsis. ‘hen the Yellow-vented Bulbul
got a good hold of the Catopsilia, and was worryivg it, when the
Red-whiskered snatched it and swallowed it after much battering.
None of the Danaines had been attacked yet, though the Chloropsis
tentatively pecked the D. genutia. The D. chrysippus, however, was
soon attacked by the Liothrix and Red-whiskered Bulbul, the latter
bird at least eating part of it, though apparently with no great relish.
I then saw the Huplea pecked at by a Liothrix and then by the Red-
whiskered Bulbul, which wiped its beak afterwards; this bird soon
afterwards returned to the attack, beat off two of the Huplea’s wings
and swallowed it. Meanwhile a Liothrix pecked at the remains of the
D. chrysippus. Not long afterwards the D. genutia had disappeared
entirely. There were plenty of maggots still left.
XVII. A few days after, I put into the aviary in the morning
(there being fruit and maggots there) one specimen each of Danais
chrysippus, genutia, and limniace, Huplea, Acrea, and Neptis, with several
non-warningly-coloured butterflies, Catopsilia, &c. A Liothrix took first
and dropped the Acrwa. The Chloropsis attacked a non-warningly-
coloured butterfly, but missed it. Then a Liothrix pecked and left'a
non-warningly-coloured one, which the Red-whiskered Bulbul took and
ate. Meanwhile the Chloropsis took a Catopsilia, part of which he
apparently swallowed. A Liothrix took another non-warningly coloured
butterfly, but dropped it. The Red-whiskered Bulbul then descended
and took a Catopsilia which it battered and then left for an Hlymnias ;
then it left this and returned to its original prey, and swallowed this
after much trouble. The first insect eaten by the Common Bulbul was
this Hlymnias. A. Liothrix pecked at the body of a large non-warningly-
coloured butterfly, which it or another had stripped of the wings, and I
think ate it. About this time I saw a Zosterops beating the body of a
small non-warningly-coloured specimen on the perch. The Red-whisker-
642 F. Fiun— Haperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
ed Bulbul soon after attacked another Catopsilia, but allowed the Chlo-
ropsis (which had previously been attacking these) to take it. The Red-
whiskered Bulbul then attacked a male Hypolimnas, and ate it with less
trouble than the Catopsilia. It then attacked another Catopsilia, which
a Liothrix somehow got, and the Common Bulbul also wanted it. The
Liothrix did not seem eager, and another of these birds got the insect,
and afterwards the Chloropsis had it.
Then the Common Bulbul ate a bit of a Catopsilia. It then made
two or three flights to where the D. limniace and Huplea were sitting
uninjured on the wire-netting, but did not take either. However, it
took and ate whole the D. chrysippus, the first “ protected’ butterfly
eaten on this occasion. But the Catopsilia in the possession of the
Chloropsis was now the only non-warningly-coloured butterfly visible.
The Neptis and Acrea had also disappeared, but I saw no wings
about, nor did I see them eaten; probably they got through the netting.
The Chloropsis now succeeded, apparently, in eating the body of the
Catopsilia. There were plenty of maggots.
About an hour afterwards the remaining butterflies (Huplea,
D. genutia, and limniace) were gone, some wings only of the D. limnzace
remaining.
In the evening I put into the aviary (where there was plenty of
fruit, but no maggots, these having been taken out) one specimen each
of Neptis, Huplea, D, genutia and limniace, and several non-warningly-
coloured butterflies.
The Chloropsis soon took a Catopsilia, which it ultimately ate, I
think. A Liothrix took the Neptis (the wings only of which I found
afterwards), and the Red-whiskered Bulbul a Catopsilia, which it
apparently swallowed. The Common Bulbul took a male Hypolimnas,
which escaped, but the bird caught it again and with difficulty swallowed
it. A Liothrix took and picked a Catopsilia, which I think it ate; I
found no body.
While one Catopsilia; the two Danais and the Huplea were still
left, I put in another Neptis, which a Lidthrix took at once.
The Yellow-vented Bulbul seized a Catopsilia, which escaped ; this
was the first butterfly touched by it to-day. Ultimately a Liothrix ate
nearly the whole of this specimen. Before this also the second Neptzs
had apparently been eaten.
When the birds had roosted the D. genutia, D. lininiace, and Huplea
still clung uninjured to the netting.
XVILI. Next morning, only the Danais limniace was uneaten, of
the butterflies left over-night, and this was headless ; later on the body
also had apparently been devoured.
1897. | BF, Finn —- Vaperiments with various Birds. 643
In the evening, maggots and fruit being available, I put ina small
plain-coloured dragon-fly, which was looked at by the Chloropsis, and
seized by a Liothrix.
Then I introduced two specimens of Danais limniace and one each
of D. chrysippus, Papilio eurypylus and a mimetic P. polites, with four
non-warningly-coloured specimens.
A Liothrix soon took and ate whole one of the Jast named, a small
one. ‘I'he Chloropsis took another, which apparently escaped. A
Liothrix then took the P. euwrypylus, which was taken from it by the
Common Bulbul and swallowed either by that bird or the Red-whis-
kered species.
I now took out one D. limniace and put in an Huplea.
A Liothrix now attacked with no great zest a non-warninely-
coloured butterfly, which another Liothrix took. I had put two of
these butterflies into a more prominent position.
The last non-warningly-coloured specimen, a Catopsilia, had got
behind a dish, whence the Common Bulbul seemed to wish to take it,
so I threw it out. The Chloropsis, however, got it, but it escaped twice
from this bird, which at last swallowed it with great difficulty.
The two Danats and Huplea with the P. polites were still unhurt.
Next morning, all these were still alive, and the two Danats not even
hurt; but some maggots also remained from the previous day. I
thereupon released all, and all could fly, except the P, polites, which
was weak and had been in the water.
XIX. The Red-whiskered Bulbul having been released, I offered
to the birds (which at this time had had no butterflies for about a
fortnight, but had plenty of maggots and other food) a Junonia and
a Danais limniace. Neither insect was attacked at once, though the
Chloropsis and Liothrix paid some attention to the former.
I then put ina male and female of Hypolimnas bolina, while the
other two butterflies had not as yet been touched ; neither were these
Hypolimnas at once. Presently, however, a Liothrix seized the male,
but it got away easily, and was not pursued. Shortly after I found the
Junonia missing, and the body of the male Hypolimnas, minus head and
nearly the whole of the wings, on the floor. ‘The Chloropsis soon took,
beat, and at last swallowed it.
The birds may not have been very eager for insects, since twice to-
day during these experiments I saw the common grey house-flies wn-
molested in the cage.
Next morning I found the female Hypolimnas being torn by a
Liothrix; it seemed to be already dead. The D. limniace had not even
been killed, and was, I think, removed when the aviary was cleared.
—
644. F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
The birds now had no butterflies for several days, and I commenced
a new series of experiments, having considerably changed the personnel
of the aviary, which now contained only three Liothrix and two Zoste-
rops, the Chloropsis and Yellow-vented Bulbul, and a Sibia (Lioptila
capistrata) and Mesia (Mesia argentawis). The last two species resemble
Iiothrix in their feeding habits, and the latter is a very close ally of
that bird. This occasion was the first on which these two birds had
butterflies from me, having been newly introduced.
With these I made the following experiments, of which I give the
dates.
EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS BIRDS (ON LIBERAL DIET) SeERies F.
April 30th. I putin two male Hypolimnas, one Huplea, one Papilio
panope, all decapitated. A Liothrix got one Hypolimnuas, and the Mesia
the other, but the Sibia took the insect away from the latter bird.
I then put in four more non-warningly-coloured butterflies, all decapi-
tated. The Chloropsis soon had one. While one was still left, I saw
the Mesia peck the Huplea, but the bird was frightened off. I put
in another decapitated non-warningly-coloured specimen.
I noticed a non-warningly-coloured specimen (which I may have
overlooked before) in the food-vessel, which the Sibia soon seized. There
were plenty of maggots in the cage, as always lately. I saw the Mesia
eat part of a non-warningly-coloured specimen close by the Huplea.
The birds were more eager for butterflies to-day. Nevertheless a
Liothrix which had attacked the last non-warningly-coloured specimen,
abandoned it, to be soon attacked and apparently eaten by the Sibia,
Only the P. panope and Hupleaa were now remaining, and | put in
three females and one male of Hlymnias undularis. But when I left the
birds none of these had been eaten, though a wing had been pulled off
from one female. One had got turned underside up before this.
I put in a Nepheronia hippia with its wings closed, The Sibia took
and dropped it. I then took out the three female Hlymnias. I saw the
Chloropsis at least once drop the head of a non-warningly-coloured
butterfly.
May 1st. On looking early this morning I found that the Huplaa
appeared to have been devoured with the exception of the thorax and
three wings. ‘he other butterflies left overnight, the male Hlymmnias,
the Papilio panope and N. hippia, were uneaten, though the head of the
latter was missing. I took out the P. panope, Early in the day I took
away nearly all the maggots, but there was other food in the cage when,
in the evening, I put in decapitated specimens of P. panope, Huplaa, and
six non-warningly-coloured specimens, one of them a Catopsilia, Almost
1897. ] F. Finn — Experiments with various Birds. 645
immediately the Sibia and a Liothrix had each taken one of the non-
warningly-coloured ones, and soon another Liothrix had a third, the
Catopsilia. I then saw the Sibia take another close by this insect,
which it swallowed whole, though as big as Pontia rapx. This bird then
took a third non-warningly-coloured butterfly, but a Liothrix took this
away after it had partly picked off the wings ; however, as I found what
appeared to be this specimen on the floor afterwards, I suppose the
Liothrix dropped it.
In fact, the Liothrix now, being probably pampered, seem to be- |
have with non-warningly-coloured insects much as the larger Babblers
used to do with Danaids.
I think the Sibia finished up the last two non-warningly-coloured
butterflies, including one which had been apparently dropped. The
Huplea and its mimic P. panope remained untouched.
May 2nd. Early in the morning Huplea and P. panope were still
untouched by the birds, even before maggots were given. Later, after
the birds had received their ration of these insects, I found that the
P. panope had disappeared all but one wing, while even by evening the
Euplea was untouched.
There had been maggots and other food in the cage all day, and I
now put in three male Hlymnias undularis, and one each of Papilio
eurypylus, P. panope, P. demoleus, Danais genutia, D. limniace, and Catop-
silia, all decapitated, and a live P. aristolochiz.
The Sibia first took an Hlymnias, which the Mesia snatched ; the
former bird then ate the Catopsilia. Then it took another Hlymnias,
but after pulling off part of the wings, dropped it and wiped its beak on
the perch. Then it took and dropped the P. eurypylus, wiping its beak
slightly. ,
I think the Mesia ate the first Hlymnias.
A Liothrix then took the Hlymnias which the Sibia had rejected
and ate it, apparently with no great relish. Both from the conduct of
this bird and that of the Sibia one might have thought the insect un-
palateable.
The Sibia then took the third Hlymnias, but soon dropped it, whole,
and wiped its beak. Yet it evidently wished for more butterflies. I
then saw the Mesia with this specimen.
I next put in three non-warningly-coloured butterflies ; immediately
the Sibia seized one, and had torn off much of its wings, when a Liothrix
took it, However, the former bird soon took another, tore off its wings,
and apparently ate some. Meanwhile the Hlymnias taken by the Mesia
had disappeared.
The Sibia then ate the P. eurypylus, with some slight signs of
oa. I. 82
646 F. Finn— Erperiments with various Birds. - [ No. 4,
disgust, as I thought. I then found the body and part of the wings of
a non-warningly-coloured butterfly beneath the Sibia’s last perch; but
the bird soon ate this body, which it had possibly dropped previously.
Afterwards I saw the Sibia eat another non-warningly-coloured
butterfly. The P. demoleus, panope and aristolochix, the D. genutia and
limniace, and the Huplea which had been there all day, were still left.
when the birds went to roost. | | a |
May 3rd. In the morning all the butterflies left over-night remain-
ed for some time. Later on the Papilio panope had been devoured, and
the P. demoleus had disappeared.
I then released the P. aristolochiw, which now seemed slightly in-
jured, but flew away. Later still the Danais genutia and D. limniace
had apparently been eaten, as I only found wings about; and subsequent-
ly to this the Huplea had disappeared, a small bit of wing only being
left. |
In the evening, there being plenty of maggots and other food in
the cage, I put in a Neptis, which was seized by a Liothrix; this bird
was pursued by the Sibia, which took the butterfly, but soon rejected
it, when it was swallowed whole by the Yellow-vented Bulbul.
I then put in one specimen each of D. chrysippus, D. genutia,
and D. limniace, Huplea, P. demoleus, and a much worn P. panope, with
a male Hypolimnas. This last was soon seized by the Sibia, which ate
it after tearing off the wings, not without trouble, partly on account of
it toughness, and partly by reason of the other birds; one Liothrix tried
to snatch the prey, even hanging from it for a moment. Another
Liothrix then took the P. demoleus, but dropped it and wiped its beak.
The Huplea was then taken by that Liothrix which had tried to rob the
Sibia of its prey. The Mesia, however, snatched it from this bird, but
let it go, and it flew freely about in spite of this treatment.
The P. panope soon appeared to be injured, perhaps by Liothrix,
but I did not see any bird touch it; it was much rubbed, and hardly
recognizable. 7
May 4th. This morning all the butterflies (Huplea, Danais chrysippus,
genutia, and limniace, Papilio panope and demoleus) left over-night were
uneaten. The D. genutia had got behind a vessel, so I took it out, and.
soon after found it minus some of its wings, but uneaten; while of the
P. panope only the two fore-wings and the thorax remained. The
insects had obviously been tried by the birds. The D. chrysippus had
also been mauled, and a little later I found it minus its head, by which
time the abdomen of the D. genutia had also disappeared; I think I
had noticed previously that its head was gone.
Some time later I saw the Huplaa, D. limniace, and P. demoleus
1897.] F. Finn— Eaperiments with various Birds. 617
still untouched. The D. chrysippus was no more torn, but was behind a
dish. This, and the Huplea remained a long time, but at last the latter
appeared to have been eaten, and I found the D. chrysippus, rather dry,
behind a vessel. There were still maggots and a little other food in
the aviary. | ,
I made only two more experiments with these birds. On another
day, later, seeing one or two Liothrix peck at a Dunais genutia (which
I had let out) on the outside of the aviary, I put in a nearly-dead speci-
mien of that species, but it was not attacked. The birds had maggots
and other food. Ona second occasion I noted that the Chloropsis twice
took and refused a very harmless-looking small fly, which Liothrix ate
readily. rity 4
I omit some other experiments made with Mesias and Bulbuls, the
general tastes of the latter birds having been made manifest in those
already given, and the former showing the same tastes as Liothrix.
I have noticed a keenness for butterflies in other captive birds of
the Babbler group, the White-crested Jay-thrush (Garrulax leucolophus),
the Yellow-eyed Babbler (Pyctorhis sinensis), the Orange-bellied Clio-
ropsis (Chloropsis hardwickii), &c., and I think all of them probably
devour these insects when at large. 3
SECTION II.
- I pass now to the consideration of some insectivorous birds of other
groups, with which I have experimented singly, a more satisfactory
method, The birds were mostly kept in cages with upright bars,
and therefore the butterflies given them were in most cases killed to
prevent their escape. My most important experiments under these con-
ditious were made with Drongo-Shrikes, representing a well-marked and
very characteristic and abundant group of Passerine birds in the Orien-
tal region. ‘hey are birds of fair size and take their prey commonly
on the wing, either swallowing it whole, or holding it in one foot while
picking off the wings, Wc.
I have used two species, the Bhimraj or Racket-tailed Drongo
(Dissemurus paradiseus), about the size of a Magpie and apparently, from
its habits in captivity,-more or less omnivorous, and the smaller and
much commoner King-Crow (Dicrurus ater) which is more strictly
insectivorous. I had several Bhimrajs, but only give my experiments
with the healthiest bird. It was fed on meat, fruit, and insects, with
satoo (meal) made up into paste.
I am indebted to Drs. Alcock and Anderson for taking care of this
bird and others during an absence from Calcutta on my part. The
experiments were made at the close of 1896.
648 F. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
EXPERIMENTS WITH BHIMRAJ.
November 10¢th.—Gave the Bhimraj several butterflies. It ate, with
persuasion, two P. aristolochiz and a P. polites (a mimetic specimen)
pulling off the head of the first of the former species. It ate several
Danais chrysippus and three D. genutia, all of them (except about two
of the former) without persuasion, the insects being simply put to its
bill.
There were maggots available.
November 11th.—The Bhimraj readily ate all the butterflies given it,
including Papilio aristolochie, P. polites, P. demoleus, Catopsilia, Danais
chrysippus, D. genutia, and D. limniace, of which last two one speci-
men only was given, of the rest two or more. Persuasion was only
needed with the D. genutia and the last D. chrysippus when the bird,
rather hungry at first, was becoming satiated,
November 12th.—The bird, when it had no food in the early morn-
ing, ate a Junonia and took and refused a Papilio aristolochiex. The
latter remained uneaten all day. Meat and grasshoppers had been
given. In the evening the bird ate a P. demoleus, and two P. polites.
At first it ate only half of the last specimen of P. polites, then trying
and rejecting the P. aristolochiv, and then eating the other half of the
polites when offered. It then ate two specimens each of Huplea,
Danais limniace, and D. genutia.
November 13th.—The first food given to the Bhimraj to-day was
three Catopsilias and three Danais chrysippus. It ate a Catopsilia first,
and ate all of these before eating any of the Danais, though it picked
up and rejected one of them. Afterwards it ate two of these D. chrysip-
pus, and I put in two more. In the afternoon the Bhimraj ate a
Junonia, though the three Danais and yesterday’s P, uristolochiz were
in the cage uneaten, (one Danais was minus its head).
November 16th.—The Bhimraj having had no butterflies for two
days, I gave it a Danais chrysippus, which it was careless with, and
allowed it to escape. Then I offered a Papilio aristolochiz, which was
several times taken and rejected. ThenI gave the bird a mimetic speci-
men of P. polites, which it ate, without persuasion. It then refused a
D. genutia, and ate, with’pressing, a D. chrysippus ; then, readily enough,
a Catopsilia. I could not induce it to eat a second D. chrysippus.
The P. aristolochize was not dead when taken out, though its wings
were torn.
November 17th.—In the morning I gave the Bhimraj (which had no
fresh food by it) a Danais chrysippus and a Papilio aristolochiz, neither
of which it would eat, though it tried them. Soon after it ate grass-
hoppers.
1897. | F, Finn— Leperiments with various Birds. 649
In the evening it ate a non-mimetic P. polites. Then it tried and
refused a Huplca, then readily ate a Catopsilia. Next, though pressed,
it refused a Danais genutia, but ate two Catopsilias readily, and after
again rejecting this Danais, ate four more Catopsilias.
November 18th.—The Danais genutia left overnight was gone this
morning, but the “sweeper” might have removed it from the cage. I
gave the bird first a Delias eucharis and then a Catopsilia, both of which |
it ate with equal readiness, Then I gave it a D, chrysippus, which it
tried more than once, eating a bit of wing, but finally rejected. This
insect then flew away, in spite of having been taken hold of both with
bill and foot by the bird. ThenI gave a D. genutia, which was tried and
refused at first, but eaten whole when offered again. Then a Catopsilia
was given, and eaten at once. The bird then ate one each of D. genutia
and D. chrysippus, but would not eat a second specimen of the latter,
which I accordingly took out.
November 20th.—I gave the Bhimraj, which was not hungry, a
Delias eucharis, which it tried and refused, repeating the refusal when
the insect was again offered. It did not even touch a Papilio aristo-
lochiz, put on the floor, but ate two P. demoleus, one immediately, and
the other when picked up and offered to it. It then ate two Catopsilias,
but not a third, though eating a locust.
November 21st.—In the morning I saw the Bhimraj look at, but
not touch, the Delias eucharis and Papilio aristolochi# which had been
left in its cage from yesterday. I then gave it a Catopsilia and a
Danais chrysippus on the floor of its cage. It looked at the Danais,
and took and ate the Catopsilia. I then put ina D. limniace, which the
bird did not notice much, if at all, and certainly did not touch. Then it
refused even to try afresh P. aristolochiw, but ate with persuasion a
mimetic P. polites, I left the two P. aristolochiz, the D. eucharis, and
D. limniace in the cage, and put in three D. chrysippus.
After the butterflies left had been taken away, I then gave the
bird, which was hungry, two specimens each of Junonia, Catopsilia, and
D. chrysippus on the floor of the cage. It picked up and ate first the
Catopsilias and then the Junonias, though it picked up and dropped one
of the Danais before eating the second of the latter. Then, leaving
the two D. chrysippus in the cage, I put in two Papilio demoleus and
a D. genutia; the bird did not eat these, though eagerly eating meat,
and they remained uneaten all day, and were left in at night.
November 22nd.—The butterflies left overnight were all uneaten
this morning, and the bird, though pressed, refused to eat a fresh
Papilio demoleus, so I took all out.
November 24th.—I gave the Bhimraj a Papilio demoleus, which it
650 F. Finn — Ezperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
tried carefully and rejected. Danais chrysippus was also tried and re-
jected, and Delias eucharis barely touched even, while Junonia, Atella
phalanta, and another non-warningly-coloured species were readily eaten
as also was a Catopsilia. The bird tried to catch a D. limniace and
one or two D. chrysippus, which escaped. The sweeper bah the
D, chrysippus and D. eucharis.
In the evening the bird ate, with persuasion, two Junonias, but
would not eat Papilio polites (non-mimetic) nor Huplea. Finally just
at dusk it ate with persuasion a Huphina phryne. It had food with it
on both occasions, but the meat was stale in the morning.
November 25th.—In the morning the Papilio polites left overnight
was gone, the Huplea being left. There was food in the cage.
I gave the bird two more P. polites on the floor of the cage, one
mimetic, and one not.’ It took the non-mimetic specimen first, and ate
it, then the mimic, but showed no great eagerness in either case. I
then put in a P. aristolochix, which was tried and rejected. Then I put
in four Junonias and one specimen each of Delias eucharis, Danais
genutia and chrysippus; the Huplea and P. aristolochie still remained
there. One Junonia was eaten at once; then the D. eucharis was picked
up and dropped; then two more Junonias were eaten, and the fourth
taken up and dropped. This action the bird apparently repeated once
or twice (judging from the insect’s varying position in the cage), he
it finally ate it when offered by hand.
To-day it seemed not very eager for any butterflies.
In the evening, when the bird was hungry, I gave it (having trans-
ferred it to the aviary) dead specimens of both the mimetic and
ordinary forms of P. polites. It took the non-mimetic form first and
ate it, and then took and ate the mimic. I then putin one specimen each
of Huplea, Danais paerene >) w). genutia, and three. Papilio demoleus,
all alive.
The bird took and dropped the Huplea, and took and mauled, but
did not kill, a P. demoleus. Later, when the bird had gone to roost, I
missed this specimen, but found all the rest untouched, and removed
them. From appearances next morning I think ants ate the P. demoleus.
November 26th.—The bird was not hungry when I gave it, in the
afternoon, two Catopsilias, and one each of Papilio demoleus, Kuplea,
and Danais chrysippus, all dead, the Huplea and P. demoleus being the
specimens I had taken out last night. One Outopsilia first disappeared ;
I saw the bird attacking these. Then the bird ate some meat and left
the other butterflies. It would not eat the other Catopsilia, even when
pressed, nor the D. chrysippus, which I also pressed on it. I then again
pressed it to eat the Catopsilia, which this time it consented to do. I
1897. | F. Finn— Leperiments with various Birds. 651
let the bird out for a time, leaving the Huplea, Danais, and P. demoleus
in the aviary. But all three were uneaten when the bird went to roost,
and also when I looked next morning.
After this the bird was transferred to the Alipore Zoological.
Gardens, where it still is.
EXPERIMENTS WITH KING-CROW.
The first bird of this species I got was sickly and soon died. Not
however, before it had rejected a Danais chrysippus after tearing off the
wings, and eaten a T'ertas whole.
The next bird, with which I experimented more than two years after,
was healthier and older, but did not do well in captivity. In fact,
when I ultimately released it, it was so weak as to fall a prey to a kite,
a bird it would naturally attack and tease. It was kept part of the
time in a small, and part in a large cage, both with upright wires, and
fed on maggots and grasshoppers. I performed with it the following
experiments, also towards the end of 1896.
November 16th.—I gave the bird two Papilio demoleus and a
Danais limniace. The Papilios were very soon eaten, though the bird
was wild, (and hungry too, I think); the D. limniace was not eaten.
I then put in another P. demoleus and one each of Danais genutva and
D. chrysippus. The bird tore off the wings of the P. demoleus, but left
the body; it did not touch the Danaids. I then putin a Junonia and a
Catopsilia; the latter was eaten at once, but the former soon disappear-
ed also and not long after the body of the P. demoleus also, the Danaids
beirig untouched. I left these in the cage, as night came on.
November 17th.—The Danaids left overnight were gone to-day, but
~I do not know whether the bird ate or the sweeper removed them. I
gave the bird in the morning, when it was hungry, a Danais genutia
and a D. chrysippus; it immediately took the genutia and tried to swal-
low it whole. It must have eaten both, for they disappeared, and I
saw it swallow a body after picking off the wings. I then put in three
D. chrysippus, one of which had been refused by the Bhimraj (see
Bhimraj under this date) and the Papilio aristolochiz also refused by
that bird. I soon saw the King-crow eat one D. chrysippus, and not
long after found only one left out of the three, with torn wings, The
P. aristolochiz was uneaten. Yet the bird soon after ate grasshoppers
when given.
By the evening only the P. aristolochise was left, with more torn
wings than before. I then gave the King-crow, which should have been
hungry, a non-mimetic specimen of P. polites, which it at once ate,
nearly whole. I then put in a Delias eucharis and a Catopsilia, the latter
652 F. Finn — E2periments with various Birds, r [ No, 4,
of which it at once took and ate. I then put in one specimen each of
D. genutia and chrysippus, and three smaller Catopsilias, two of which last
were soon eaten. NextI put in the Huplea refused by the Bhimraj
(see Bhimraj] under this date). It was not taken by the King-crow,
though soon after the third Catopsilia disappeared from the cage. I put
in two more Catopsilias, one of which was eaten at once. The other
remained till dusk, and I took it out with the Huplea, D. genutia and
chrysippus, and P. aristolochiz, which last I threw away. But the
D. eucharis had disappeared, though I did not see the bird eat this, and at
any rate it had eaten four or five Catopsilias before it could have
done so. | |
November 18th.—I offered the King-crow the Luplea, the two
Danais, and Catopsilia taken out last night. It ate first the Catopsilia,
and then the D. genutia, quite readily. Then I putin four Catopsilias,
three of which were eaten immediately, and not long after the other
disappeared, the D, chrysippus and Huplearemaining. Quite soon after,
the D. chrysippus was eaten. Soon after this the bird took the Kuplea,
pulled off the wings and swallowed the body, but threw this up again
and left it, But some time after this also was gone.
In theevening I gave the bird a Delias eucharis and three Catopsilias ;
it picked up and ate all of the latter immediately, then picked up and
dropped the Delias. Soon after, while this D. eucharis was still left, I
put in specimens of Papilio aristolochise and demoleus, Junonia, and
Danais chrysippus. The P. demoleus was taken first, and next Junonia
disappeared. Then the D. chrysippus, which had been refused by Bhim-
raj (see Bhimraj under this date) was eaten quite readily, as was
usually the case when this bird ate “protected” species, so far as I
saw.
November 19th.—In the morning, the Delias eucharis (with part of
wings torn off) and Papilio aristolochis left in the cage overnight, still
remained. I put in three Danais chrysippus, two of which were imme-
diately swallowed whole, and the third eaten after the wings had been
pecked off a little. I then gave the bird two more D. chrysippus, one of
which it took, and I left it holding the insect in its foot. This dis-
appeared, the other specimen and the D. eucharis and P. aristolochisx
being still left, but soon after the wings of this second Danats were
. plucked off and it was eaten. Some little time afterwards I gave the
bird a Junonia which it did not touch as far as I saw, though it had
been recently eating maggots, of which it had lately but short
allowance. I gave it plenty of these now, and by evening nearly all
were gone, but the three butterflies (Junonia, D. eucharis, P. aristolo-
chi) were still uneaten. I put in a female of Elymnias undularis
197); F. Finn — Haperiments with various Birds. 653
a Junonia (of another species), and a Catopsilia, of which the last was
immediately eaten. I put in another eel kan which the bird ate
after plucking off the wings.
I then took out the two Junonias, Elymnias, P. aristolochiw and
D. eucharis from the cage, as it was getting dark, and = away the
last, which was very dry.
November 20th.—I gave the King-crow, which was hungry, the two
Junonias, the Elymnias (with its wings closed, as indeed before) and a
Danais chrysippus. One Junonia was soon taken, but the bird, after
tearing off a bit of wing, rejected the insect, possibly because it was
dry. But soon after all I had put in were gone. I then put in two
Catopsilias and two Delias eucharis ; the former were eaten immediately,
the latter not touched. I then gave the bird a Papilio demoleus, which
it took, and pecked at the wings, and the insect soon disappeared, though
I did not see it swallowed. I then put in the P. aristolochie which I
had taken out the previous night, with a non-mimetic P. polites. Before
long I saw the bird pluck off the wings of the P. polites and eat it.
The two Delias eucharis and the P. aristolochize were still untouched. I
then put in a P. demoleus, and a Danais chrysippus and genutia ; almost
immediately the bird plucked the wings from the Papilio and ate it, and
soon after did the same with the D. genutia. Soon after this maggots
were given to the bird. Some time after these and the D. chrysippus
were gone, while the two D. eucharis and the P. aristolochiw were
left; and long after this, in the evening, these butterflies still remained,
though one Delias was minus the head and one hind-wing, and the other
also torn. A locust given to the bird had disappeared. I then put in
three P. polites, two of the mimetic, and one of the non-mimetic form,
and also a P. demoleus. This last, which was not put in quite simul-
taneously with the others, was almost immediately seized by the bird,
_which a little after, took and ate in my sight the non-mimetic P. polites.
I then put another P. aristolochiz in the cage. Then I saw the bird
pick up one of the remaining P. polites by the wing and drop it. I put
in a Catopsilia, and a locust; the bird took the butterfly. Later, at
dusk, I saw it eating the foSist:
I afterwards took out the two P. polttes and the fresh P. aristo-
lochiz.
November 21st.—In the morning, the bird being hungry, I put in the
two mimetic Papilio polites, with a Danais lWmniace and chrysippus.
The D. limniace was immediately taken and eaten.
Soon after I took out the two Delias eucharis and the one Papilio,
aristolochiz, which had remained in the cage all yesterday, and up to now,
and threw them away, putting in instead the second P. aristolochize which
J. 18. 83
654 F, Finn—Ezperiments with various Birds. [ No. 4,
Thad taken out last night, with two more D. chrysippus. Soon after
one of the P. polites had disappeared, although the other, with the three
D. chrysippus and the P. aristolochiz were left. This I observed after I
had let the bird out, unfortunately to meet the fate above described.
About this time I also experimented with a Shama (Kittacincla
macrura) one of the smaller or Robin-like members of the great Thrush
group. These birds, as every observer knows, peck their prey to pieces,
and do not use their feet to hold it, thus differing widely from their
relatives the Babblers, which are a more tropical group. ‘The Shama,
however, and many other Thrush-like birds inhabit the Oriental region,
This bird was hand-reared and very tame, and I experimented with it
in a cage, feeding it on maggots, meal-paste, and small green. (dried)
insects.
With regard to the probability of birds of this group attacking
butterflies, I may say I have seen a Redstart (Ituticilla sp. 7), in nature,
at Dehra Dun, seize a very large Catopsilia I put out for it, decapitated,
and apparently it satisfactorily disposed of it.
EXP&RIMENTS WITH SHAMA,
November 26th.—I put in the Shama’s cage a Catopsilia, and after-
wards another non-warningly-coloured butterfly, a small greyish species.
Both disappeared and were doubtless eaten by the bird.
November 27th.—I put in the cage of the Shama (which was
not hungry) a Catopsilia and a Danais chrysippus. The bird was
soon pecking at the former, which shortly disappeared; the Danais
had also been pecked. A moment after the bird was attacking this,
but the body remained uneaten, though most of the wings were
picked off, I soon after put in a Delias eucharis and a Junonia, the
latter of which was immediately pecked about and eaten, while the
Delias was pecked once or twice and left. I then put in another
D. chrysippus, which the bird pecked to pieces, but did not eat; it then
pecked about and ate a male Nepheronia hippia which I putin. A
little time after this, I found that the abdomen of the second Danais
given had disappeared; I putin a third specimen and two Catopsilias,
both of which latter the bird pecked, and then started to attack one,
disregarding the Danais, and soon ate it. Then it began upon the other,
which soon disappeared. The (body of the) first Danais given, and the
third, with the D. eucharis remained uneaten. However the bird soon
attacked this third Dana/s, but did not eat it. I then put in four Catop-
silias, which were immediately attacked, and soon disappeared, the
three “ protected’’ specimens being still left. I then putin two Papilio
demoleus. These were attacked, but less eagerly, but ultimately part of
one was apparently eaten, and most of the wings stripped from the
1897. ] F, Finn—ZHaperiments with various Birds. 655
other, while D. chrysippus and D. eucharis still remained. Later I
found, lying in a dry state outside the cage, part of the body of one of
these P. demoleus, and dried bodies or parts of two D. chrysippus. The
D. eucharis disappeared, I did not notice at what exact time.
In the evening I gave the bird, which was not hungry, but had no
butterflies in its cage, three P. demoleus and a D. chrysippus. It attack-
ed one of the former, but did not persevere, but took and pecked at the
Danais, and then left it, having apparently eaten its abdomen. I then
took out the Papilios and put in a Junonia and a Delias eucharis ;
the Junonia was immediately seized, and soondevoured. I then put ina
Catopsilia, which was at once seized, and soon disappeared. I then
again offered a P. demoleus, which the bird pecked at and left. The
D. eucharis was not touched, and as the bird was about to roost, I took
out both it and the P. demoleus and threw them away.
November 28th.—In the morning, the Shama not being hungry, I
put in two of the Papilio demoleus taken away yesterday, together with a
Danais genutia. The bird pecked first at a P. demoleus, then at the
Danais ; it picked this about a good deal, but nevertheless I left it
attacking a demoleus, and soon found that one of these had disappeared,
and the other was much torn, while the Danais was intact. I then put
in four Catopsilias, all of which disappeared, while the P. demoleus and .
D. genutia were uneaten; the bird, however, pecked at all, I think, of
these Catopsilias before eating any; also it picked up and dropped the
D. chrysippus (left from yesterday) before it had eaten one, and pecked
the genutia about while a Catopsilia’s abdomen still remained. Some time
after the D. genutia had been pecked quite to pieces and its abdomen was
gone; the bodies of the D. chrysippus and P. demoleus were left.
They were still there in the afternoon, and the bird was not
hungry. I put in one specimen each of Junonia, Catopsilia and
D. chrysippus. The bird did not show much eagerness. First I saw
it hold the Junonia for some time; then I was put in time to see the
Catopsilia swallowed, the Junonia having meanwhile disappeared ; then
it began to peck the D. chrysippus, and I put ina P. demoleus of which
the wings were already largely torn away. Very shortly after I found
only its forewings, while the D. chrysippus was untouched. I then put
in another P. demoleus, intact, and a D. genutia. Soon after I found
outside the separated thorax and abdomen with part of the wings,
of the D. genutia, and the P. demoleus minus one wing. I put
both back, and the bird pecked the P. demoleus and ate the body. The
D. chrysippus more recently put in was still untouched; I took out the
body of the specimen: that had remained all day, also that of the
P. demoleus mentioned supra as remaiuing with it; these were dry.
656 F. Finn—Leperiments with various-Birds. [ No. 4,
November 29th—In the morning, the bird not being hungry, I
found the Danais chrysippus left overnight in the cage still whole, and
the abdomen of the D. genutia. I putin another D. chrysippus, and a
Papilio demoleus, of which the latter was first taken, pecked about, and
eaten, and the bird was pecking the Danais when I put in a non-
mimetic P. polites. The bird left the Danais and pecked off one of the
wings of the P. polites, and then remained quiet for a little. Soon after
I found the P. polites had been pecked to pieces, and its body was gone.
The head of the D. chrysippus put in was also missing. After the
bird had been pecking at this insect, I put in a D. limniace and a
P. demoleus. The bird attacked the Danais first, pecked off the wings,
and ate the abdomen; it then attacked the D. demoleus, not very
eagerly. Some time after I found the body of the latter, stripped of
the wings, outside. I put it in the cage, and the abdomen at all events
disappeared, though there were the body of one D. chrysippus, and the
thorax and wings of another, still there. On emptying the cage, I
found the abdomen of some large butterfly behind the tray, and some
heads, and bits of thorax there and in the tray itself.
_.. Later on, the bird being still not hungry, I put in two D. chrysippus
and a P. demoleus. The bird pecked at all three, and left them fora
while. The Papilio was the first attacked, so far as I saw, but a Danais
was more pecked. Then the P. demoleus was again attacked. I was
now away for some time, and on returning in the evening found all
three butterflies uneaten, and threw them away.
December 1st.—I put in in the morning, the bird not being hungry,
two Danais limniace and a Papilio demoleus. The Shama first attacked
a limniace, but ate none.
Some hours later, I put in one specimen each of Junonia, Atella
phalanta, and D. chrysippus.
The Shama first ate the Atella, and then attacked the Junonia, which
soon disappeared. I put in one non-mimetic Papilio polites and two
P. aristolochie, One of the latter was first attacked, but two or three
hours afterwards I found it outside, with its wings much torn; the
other was almost intact, while the P. polites had been pecked to pieces
and its body was gone. The P. demoleus and the two D. limniace, put
in early, were still there, the latter having been more attacked than the
former, if indeed this Papilio had been touched at all. The D. chry-
stppus was untouched. At night, after the bird had gone to roost, I
examined the cage and found one D. limniace, the D. chrysippus and
P. demoleus uneaten; the other butterflies were not to be found.
_ December 2nd.—I removed from the Shama’s cage, early, the three
butterflies (D. limniace and chrysippus, P. demoleus) left overnight ; and
1897. ] ¥, Finn—Zxperiments with various Birds. 657
later gave the bird (which was not hungry) one male Nepheronia
hippia, and two Danais genutia, First it pecked a D. genutia, then at-
tacked the Nepheronia, battered off its wings, and ate it, though I did
not witness the actual swallowing. Some hours later I found one
D. genutia in a mangled state outside (and also an abdomen of this
species), and the other not at all. I put that which I had found in again,
and some hours later found it also gone.
December 4th.—I offered the Shama two non-mimetic specimens of
Papilio polites, and a P. aristolochizx. The two .former were torn up,
and their bodies not to be seen; this happened in the case of one very
soon, and in that of the other after some time; the P. arvstolochiz
was not eaten.. The bodies of two large non-warningly-coloured butter-
flies (one a Huthalia) disappeared, while one P. polites still remained,
I then put in two P. demoleus and a female Nepheronia hippia. Some
time after I found the latter pecked to bits, and its body mostly gone ;
the same was the case with one of the P. demoleus; of the other I found
the body outside. I offered it again, and found this time the abdomen
outside; this I put in.again. The P. aristolochix still remained uneaten,
as did the heads of the P. demoleus.
Afterwards I found the P. demoleus abdomen gone, and then gave
the bird two Huphina phryne, and one Delias eucharis, the former of
which it immediately ate. Very soon also 1 found the Deltas eucharis
had been pecked to pieces, and its body was gone. I then putina
P. demoleus, which at night had disappeared. The P. aristolochiz# was
still left, though it had been pecked.
December 5th.—I put into the Shama’s cage a Papilio aristolochis
and a mimetic P. polites; the latter was eaten, or at any rate disappear-
ed, and I put in a P. demoleus, which was soon attacked, the P. aristolo-
chisee being untouched or nearly so. About this time I took out the
other P. aristolochizx (left from yesterday). The P, demoleus was soon
‘disposed of, and its body disappeared; some little time after this
also happened with the P. aristolochise. The bird only had “ meal-paste”’
by way of food, and this was also the case early yesterday. I now
put in a Danais genutia and a Catopsilia of about its size; the latter
was taken at once and swallowed almost whole; and a male
Nepheroma hippia nearly as big had its wings battered off and body
eaten. I then putina Huphina phryne, two Atella phalanta, and one
(smaller) Catopsilia, all of which were eaten in the order named; I
saw most of them swallowed, all but the Catopsilia whole; a Deltas
eucharis put in with them remained untouched like the D. genutia pre-
viously put in. But immediately after, the bird attacked this Danais,
whereupon I put in a P. demoleus; this however, was not attacked,
658 F, Finn—Leperiments with various Birds. [ No. 4,
the bird preferring to attack both the Danais and the Delias. Some
time after, (maggots having meanwhile been given) the P. demoleus
had evidently been eaten and the D. genutia was gone. I put in two
P. demoleus and another D. genutia ; the latter was attacked. Not long
after the two P. demoleus had been pecked to pieces, and mostly eaten;
the wings of the D. genutia had been pecked, but the body was intact;
the Delias eucharis, which I had noticed as having been pecked when I
putin this last lot, wasalso intact, all but the head. But some time later
both the Danais and Delias had apparently been treated like the
P. demoleus.
December 6th.—In the morning I gave the Shama a non-mimetic
Papilio polites and a male Nepheronia hippia; the latter was attacked
first, and both were apparently eaten, as I could not find them later.
December 7th.—I gave the Shama, which was not hungry and had
had insects given it, a Huphina phryne, a Delias eucharis, and two small
Catopsilias. Some time after all had evidently been eaten; I did not
see which had been taken first.
I then put in one D. eucharis, one D. chrysippus, one Catopsilia,
and three Junonias. Not long after I found that all had been
eaten except D. eucharis and D. chrysippus, the former of which was
minus its head. While these were left I put in two Papilio demoleus
and two D. genutia. Soon after one of the latter had disappeared,
leaving no trace. The others remained for some time with the butter-
flies previously left, but at night the other D. yenutia had evidently been
eaten, and the wings of the D. chrysippus had been picked off. But its
body was left, as also were the D, ewcharis and one P. demoleus.
December 8th.—The butterflies left last night were still in the cage
this morning, almost all of the wings of the P. demoleus having been
picked off. I put ina non-mimetic P. polztes, and soon found that it had
been pecked to pieces and the body was gone. I then took out the others.
Even most of the wings of the P. polites seemed later to have been eaten.
I put in, before the bird had yet had any insects, a P. demoleus ; some
little time after I found this also with its wings pecked, but not eaten.
I took out the bird and put it into another cage.
December 9th.—I put into the cage of the Shama, in the morning,
when it had insects, a male Hlymnias undularis. A little later the
bird had evidently eaten this.
I then put in the cage a non-mimetic Papilio polites, and two P. aristo-
lochiw. looking afterwards, I found the bird had apparently eaten
one P. uristolochiz, a small specimen, the other and the P. polites being
left. Afterwards I saw the bird attacking the latter, and later found
it had eaten both. Some time afterwards I found the head of the
P. arwstolochiex.
1897. } F, Finn—LHzperiments with various Birds. 659
December 10th.—I put in the Shama’s cage two Papilio aristolochiz
and a non-mimetic P. polites, but they were not eaten. I left them there,
and found, about an hour later, that the bird had pecked to bits and
apparently eaten the P, polites and one of the P. aristolochiw#, the second
P. aristolochiz still remaining; but afterwards I found that this also
had apparently been eaten.
December 12th.—The Shama being hungry, I put in its cage a
Papilio aristolochiz and P. demoleus. The bird pecked the P. demoleus
to pieces and apparently ate the body. I put in another. After it had
attacked this, I put in two Atella phalanta, which after a little time
disappeared, all but bits of wing. At roosting-time the second
P. demoleus had apparently been eaten, and the body of the P. aristolochiz
lay ouiside the cage.
December 13th.—I must have put back the body of the P. aristo-
lochize found outside last night, for I note only the abdomen left this
morning. The bird had received food (green insects) overnight.
December 16th.—I put into the Shama’s cage a Huplea and a large
non-warningly-coloured specimen. The bird first went for the Huplea,
but before long attacked aud pecked about the other, which I just missed
seeing swallowed whole.
Later, I gave the bird an Huthalia and another Huplea ; the former
was attacked first, but afterwards dropped and the Huplea picked up ;
but the Huthalia was taken again, its wings battered off, and the body
apparently eaten; I did not see it. I put in then a Junonia and a
Papilio demoleus, and not long after both had disappeared except part
of the wings of the latter. The Hupleas were still uneaten.
I put in a Huphina phryne, which was immediately seized, and swal-
lowed nearly whole,
At night the Hupleas were still uneaten though when I looked in
_in the afternoon the bird had no food ; I gave it some green insects then.
December 17th.—The bird had some of the green insects left in its
cage this morning, and also the butterflies left overnight. I putin anon-
mimetic Papilio polites and a small P. aristolochix. The bird did not
attack at once, but soon I found bits of wing only left of the P. polites, and
the P. aristolochiz untouched, or only slightly torn as tothe wings. I
put in a P. demoleus which the bird attacked before very long, and
soon it disappeared, all but one wing; the P. aristolochix still
remaluing.
I then put in a small “Blue,” a Terias, and a Junonia, The
bird first took and swallowed the last of these; then it appeared to
eat some bugs; then it pecked the wing of the P. aristolochiw, and then
took the V'erias. This soon disappeared, all but two bits of wing ; I did
not see it swallowed. The bird then pecked the P, aristolochie again.
660 F. Finn—Ezperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
I then put in a Junonia, which was attacked and swallowed;
then another P. demoleus, which the bird at once attacked, but left to
eat the “Blue” with less readiness than I should have expected. It
soon attacked the P, demoleus again, and the insect disappeared, all but
parts of wings, whereupon I put in another.
I now had the cage cleaned, taking out this P. demoleus and
P. aristolochiz, and also the two Hupleas, which had remained, all this
- time, and which I now threw away. )
Later, after the bird had had no food for two hours or so, I put in
again these two Papilios, together with two Junonias of different
species ; these latter almost immediately disappeared, all but some
pieces of wing, and I then saw the bird batter the P. demoleus and eat
the body. P. aristolochiz left.
December 18th.—The P. aristolochize was: still uneaten to-day; the
bird had food by it.
I put in the Shama’s cage another P. aristolochiz, and one
specimen each of Papilio demoleus, Danais genutia and D. limniace.
The bird attacked, first D. genutia, P. demoleus, and D, limniace,
then D. genutia again, then D. limniace again, then it attacked D. genutia
a third time, and then attacked P. denoleus, pecked off the wings, and
ate the body. I noticed that with the Danaids it attacked the end of
the abdomen—not so with the P. demoleus. It then pecked the D. lim-
niace, and then apparently (for the insect seemed to have been moved):
for the first time the P. aristolochiz.
Some time after (maggots having been given in the meantime) I
found the D. limniace pecked to pieces, but not eaten, except probably
the head, which was missing. The D. genutia was missing, but next day
IT found it behind the water-tin. The P. aristolochiz was still there ; its.
wings had been pecked. There were green insects as well asmaggots in
the cage. .
Two hours or so after this, the Shama, though there were still green
insects in its cage, had apparently eaten both the D. limniace and P. aris-:
tolochix.
This ended the experiments with this species, as on the next day
I released the bird, which disappeared.
I also made a considerable number of experiments at this time with
a Starling, the Indian Sturnus menzbiert probably, a bird practically iden-
tical with the common European species. Starlings are omnivorous and
feed largely on the ground, like Thrushes, and so are probably less
important as enemies to butterflies than some other birds. They do
not use their feet in feeding, but this species at any rate can dispose of
a large prey easily enough by swallowing it whole.
1897. ] F. Finn—LHeperiments with various Birds. 661
EXPERIMENTS WITH STARLING.
December 8th.—The Starling having been put into a cage in which
was a specimen of Papilio demoleus, soon apparently ate the insect; and
also I think a Catopsilia and another (brown) non-warningly-coloured
butterfly.
December 9th.—I putin the cage of the Starling, which was, I think,
hungry, a specimen each of Junonia, Danais chrysippus, Delias eucharis,
and Catopsilia. The bird ate the Junonia and then the Catopsilia, whole.
I then put in a Junonia of another species, which was also eaten whole.
Very soon after I found the D, eucharis and D. chrysippus also gone.
Later on I put in a Junonia and a Huphina phryne, together with
another D. chrysippus and D. eucharis. The bird ate first the Junonia, then
the Huphina, and then the D. eucharis. I left the D. chrysippus, which
had not yet been touched, in the cage, and soon after found it outside.
I put it in again, with a D. genutia and D. limniace, and gave the bird
at the same time a tin of bread-and-milk. Very soon I saw it energeti-
cally attack the D. limniace and swallow it, though the biggest butter-
fly given. Later I found the D. genutia untouched, though the
D. chrysippus had long disappeared and the bird ate maggots; and in
the evening, though the bird had eaten up all these and also the artifi-
cial food, this D. genutia was still untouched. A young cockroach given
in the afternoon had soon disappeared. .
December 10¢th.—I put in the Starling’s cage, where the Danais
genutia given yesterday still remained, torn but uneaten, the body, in
two pieces, of a large yellow-underwinged moth ; it soon disappeared.
Later, when there was no food in the cage, I put in one specimen
each of Atella, Huthalia, Papilio demoleus, and Huplea. The Huthalia
was eaten immediately, but though the bird picked up the P. demoleus
and touched the Huplea, it did not seem inclined to eat them or the
Atella. Yet it ate green insects (lassidxe) readily when given. I took
out the Huplea, P. demoleus, and Atella, leaving in the D. genutia.
Later on I put them in again, with a Junonia and a Catopsilia.
The Catopsilia only disappeared, and I left the rest, putting in
another Atella and a Delias ewcharis. An hour or two later one Atella
and the Junonia lay outside; none had been eaten. I put back those
found outside, and added another D. eucharis.
After the bird had roosted I examined the cage and found none of
these butterflies eaten. i
December 11th.—Although there was no food in the Starling’s cage,
the butterflies left overnight (two each Atellu phalantha and Delias
eucharis, one P. demoleus, Junonia, and Huplea with the old D. genutia)
were uneaten in the morning, at first. Later, first the P. demoleus dis-
J. 11. 84
662 F. Finn— Haperiments with various Birds. [ No. 4,
appeared, and afterwards J saw the bird eat part of the Junonia (I had
put in part I found outside). The other butterflies were not eaten for
some time, though they had been pecked, and the bird ate maggots
(which had been given) readily. It also greedily ate a green tree-
ericket. J put in another P. demoleus, and an hour or two later found one
of this species nearly intact, but with much pecked wings, and part of
another, outside. I put them in, and the fragmentary one soon dis-
appeared. Of one D. eucharis also only a bit was left ; the others had
not been eaten. The bird had now no other food but these butterflies
and I put in a third A. phalantha.
An hour or so after, the bird had apparently eaten only a bit of
one of the previously-given Atellas, and the bit of D. eucharis; however
T now saw it attack the P. demoleus, and eat some, leaving only a little.
At roosting-time it had done no more.
December 12th.—The state of things in the Starling’s cage was
still the same. I found a piece of a butterfly outside, which I put in,
and saw there was another fragment inside too, one of which was part
of a P. demoleus, and the other might have been this or D. eucharis. I
took both out, and also the two Atellas, the Delias eucharis, Danais
genutia, and Huplea. Later, the bird being hungry, as there was no
food in the cage, I put in a D. genutia and two Junonias and an
Atella. The bird immediately devoured the two Junonias, and pecked
and rejected Atella. However, this butterfly soon disappeared, and I
put in another with a Papilio demoleus, D. limniace, and Huplea.
The bird picked out and swallowed the Atella, then pecked at the
P. demoleus, which it apparently ate, as I only found bits of wing.
Then, after pecking at a D. chrysippus, and perhaps at others, it swal-
lowed the Huplea.
I then put in a Huphina phryne and four Junonia, all of which
the bird ate at once. It then shortly pecked and ate the D. lim-
niace, and by roosting-time both the D. genutia and D. chrysippus had also
disappeared, I have not noted when the last named was put in.
I then put food, green insects, into the cage.
December 13th. The Starling in. the morning, though not hungry,
ate the abdomen of a Papilio aristolochiz from the Shama’s cage.
I put in two Danais chrysippus, and some time after they were
still uneaten, though one or both were minus heads; when, however,
I put in a Junonia, the bird immediately ate it, though it had
plenty of green insects. These two D. chrysippus remained uneaten
all day in the Starling’s cage. Next day by evening one had apparently
been eaten, the other not. The bird had both green insects and bread-
and-milk as food.
1897. ] F. Finn—EHaperiments with various iets: 663
December 16th.—I put in the cage of the Star kin which was not
hungry, several small butterflies, Terias, Huphina phryne, a Catopsilia,
an Atelia phalantha, and a small brown non-warningly-coloured species.
All but Atelia were soon eaten. The Danais chrysippus left two days
ago was still in the cage. I then put in a Danais limniace, Delias
eucharis, and two Papilio demoleus, and soon after found all these
gone but the Delais eucharis, a wing or so of the D. lemniace, and the
head of one P. demoleus. The Atella had also disappeared, all but a
bit of wing, but the old stale D. chrysippus still remained.
At night, though at one period in the afternoon I found no food in
the cage, when I gave the bird some green insects, this D. chrysippus and
D. eucharis were still uneaten..
December 17th.—The two butterflies left dvorniglt, and some green
insects, were stillin the bird’s cage when I put ina fine large Papilio
aristolochizx and a P. demoleus. Immediately the bird attacked the
P. aristolochiz and greedily swallowed it whole, and very soon after the
P. demoleus also.
I then put in a Danais limniace and three P. demoleus. The bird
attacked the Danais first, but left it and took and swallowed. a P. demo-
leus; then it again attacked the Danais (possibly because it fluttered,
not being quite dead), and left it to eat a Papilio; the third P. demoleus
then disappeared, evidently swallowed like the others.
After having given another P. demoleus to the Starling, I gave it
two Junonias of different species ; these soon disappeared.
The Starling certainly attacked the last P. demoleus before re
D. limniace I had put in earlier, anid apparently ate part of it. I saw it
attacking the Danais, however and it apparently ate part of it. But
I found part of it, and also parts of three P. demoleus, so that all could
not have been eaten whole as I thought.
The D. chrysippus which had been so long in the cage was also
broken up, but the D. ewcharis remained.
I now had the cage cleaned, and the butterflies removed.
December 18th.—1 gave the Starling, which had food by it, a
Papilio aristolochix, together with a P.demoleus. The bird looked at
the P. aristolochiz and took and swallowed the other.
I then put in a fresh P. aristolochie and an Atella phalantha. The
bird at once ate the Atella without noticing the P. aristolochiz, and
then merely looked at the latter.
I then offered a Neptis and a P. demoleus. The Starling timidly
advanced, seized, and swallowed the Neptis. It seemed to fear the
Papilio, which was not quite dead, and lay with its wings spread facing
the bird, which however seized and ate it as soon as it had swallowed the
other.
664 F. Finn—Heperiments with various Birds. [ No. 4,
I then gave the Starling a Huphina phryne, and another non-
warningly-coloured butterfly, both of which it ate at once, as also an
Atella which I then gave it.
I took out the second P. aristolochiz.
I putin then Luplea, D. chrysippus, and D. genutia. The bird
at once ate the Huplaa.
Some time after, maggots having been given to the bird in the
meantime and eaten, I found in the Starling’s cage the one P. aristo-
lochiz left there untouched, also the D. chrysippus; the D. genutia had
been pecked to pieces, but not eaten, except perhaps the head. The
bird had now no food but a little fruit, so 1 gave it some green insects.
Two hours or so after, the Starling, in whose cage some insects still
remained, had not eaten the butterflies above-mentioned (P. aristolochiz,
D. chrysippus and D. genutia); nor were they eaten when [ looked next
morning. After this I ceased experimenting, and took the bird to the
Zovlogical Gardens.
EXPERIMENTS WItH Mynan.
T also made at different times a few experiments with a close ally of
the Starling, the Common Mynah (<Acridotheres tristis) with birds at
liberty.
July 9th, 1895.—I gave a Papilio demoleus to a wild Mynah which
I had seen trying to get at some butterflies in an insect-cage. The bird
knocked off most part of this butterfly’s wings and flew off with the body.
July 11th.—I put a disabled Danas genutia in the compound, when
a Mynah, which was on a building, came down almost at once, seized
and battered the insect, and ate most of it; 1 found the head anda bit
of thorax (attacked by ants) and some wings on the ground.
{then put out another, and a Catopsilia; but they remained un-
noticed by the Mynahs for some time.
July 17th.—I put a disabled Catepsilia and D. limniace in view of
two Mynahs. One of them took first the Cutopsilia, which was nearest,
then the Danais, beat them on the ground, singly and together, knocking
off a fore-wing of each; it then flew with them to a high building,
where I did not see what followed.
November 2nd.—I put out a disabled Papilio aristolochi# and
P. demoleus on a lawn. Two Mynahs came near, and one ran to the
P. demoleus and pecked it about, while the other, after looking on and
possibly pecking the insect also, went up to the P. aristolochie, which
it pecked, but left almost immediately.
On going up to the spot, I found the P. demoleus uneaten, but
minus its head, and the other intact, though motionless.
1897. | F,. Finn—LHzperiments with various Birds. 665
EXPERIMENTS WITH HoRNBILL.
With these birds also my experiments have been few, but interesting
results were got from some of them.
The species was the common Black and White Hornbill ( Anthra-
coceros) and LT experimented with two specimens, but the first bird,
which was allowed to go about the compound with clipped wings
was unfortunately soon stolen, and the second did not care about insects
at all. The following, therefore, applies to one bird only.
December 8th, 1896.—Hornbill, though not eating table-scraps and
fruit very well, ate a Skipper, and ravenously devoured two grass-
hoppers.
December 12th.—I offered the Hornbill some dry dead butterflies
from other birds’ cages. It readily ate Catopsilias, Atellas, a bit of
Papilio demoleus and of some other butterfly; also a Delias eucharis,
after rubbing this last, It took, rubbed, and refused Danuats chrysippus
and D. genutia and Huplea.
I then offered it more butterflies, many of them dead and dry.
It ate several Catopsilias, one Huphina phryne, and several Junonias,
although it was not without trouble that I got the bird to eat one of
these last, and another it would not eat at all. It also refused one
P. demoleus, though eating another of this species.
It would not eat D. chrysippus and genutia, nor Papilio aristo-
lochiz, though the two former were fresh, and it afterwards ate many
dried grasshoppers. |
December 13th.—Offered the Hornbill, which had had some fruit,
two Catopsilias and two Danais chrysippus.
It ate the Catopsilias, but took and refused the D. chrysippus. Also
on another occasion to-day it refused a D. chrysippus. It ate, when
pressed, a protectively-coloured moth.
SECTION III.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.
I have nothing to add to what I said concerning Mammals and
Reptiles, &c., in the papers devoted to them (J. A. S. B, LXV., Pt. IT,
1896, p. 42; LXVL., Pt. IT, 1897, ». 528), for 1 do not intend to compare
them with Birds, since my experiments with the former were limited to
one species of each class. I shall therefore confine these remarks to
Birds only.
The common Babblers (Crateropus canorus) dealt with in my first
paper (J. A. S. B., LXIV., Pe. II, 1895, p. 344) ate the Danaine
butterflies readily enough in the absence of others, but when offered
a choice showed their dislike of these “ protected” forms by avoiding
666 F. Finn—LHeperiments with various Birds. [No. 4,
them. This avoidance was much more marked when the birds were at
liberty, though even so a few of the objectionable butterflies were eaten.
Delias eucharis and Papilio aristolochizw were also disliked by this
bird, more especially the latter.
Although I did not experiment on any of them at liberty, my
experience with the Liothrix (Liothrix luteus), Mesia (Mesia argentauris), —
Bhimraj (Dissemurus paradiseus), King-crow (Dicrurus ater), Starling
(Sturnus menzbiert) and Shama ( Kittacincla macrura) was similar, in that
all of these birds objected to the Danainex, Delias eucharis,* and Papilio
aristolochiz, (especially, as a rule, to the last) in comparison with other
butterflies, or absolutely.
T never saw the Chloropsis (Chloropsis aurifrons or malabarica) or
the Sibia (Malacias capistrata) eat any “nauseous” butterfly, except
that in the case of the former, one Huplea body and a few bits of wing
were eaten.
The latter bird refused with apparent dislike the male of Hlymnias
undularis, which should be palateable, and was as a matter of fact
usually liked by the birds to which I offered it. Another mimetic
species, Papilio polites, was not very generally popular with birds, but
much preferred to its model, P. aristolochiz.
The Hornbill refused Danainze and Papilio aristolochix absolutely,
but ate the only Delias eucharis given.
In several cases I saw the birds apparently deceived by mimicking
butterflies. The Common Babbler was deceived by Nepheronia hippia
and Liothrix by Hypolimnas misippus. The latter bird saw through the
disguise of the mimetic Papilio polites, which, however, was sufficient
to deceive the Bhimraj and King-crow.
I doubt if any bird was impressed by the mimetic appearance of
the female Hlymnias undularis. But this is not a first-rate imitation,
and a mimic is put to a very severe test when offered to a bird in a
cage or aviary.
Young hand-reared birds, like the Shama and Bhimraj, had no in-
stinctive knowledge of the “‘ nauseous” forms, and ate them quite readily
at first, but soon gained experience. Birds caught when old, when
watched from the first, like the Sibia, first Mesia and Starling, appeared
to know and avoid unpalateable species. The latter bird’s action in
greedily devouring the first whole Papilio aristolochiw given, and then
avoiding this species, seems to show it did not know this insect, and
had no general prejudice against Warning Colours.
So far the results of these experiments on the whole bear out the
* The first Mesia had not this species offered to it, but those subsequently kept
had, and evidently disliked it.
1897. | F. Finn—Lezperiments with various Birds. 667
accepted theory, but certain birds, like the Lizards, were more indis-
criminate in their tastes.
The two Red-vented species of Bulbuls (Molpastes bengalensis and
Otocompsa emeria) when they would eat butterflies at all (some were
very reluctant to do this) showed little discrimination, and often devour-
ed the Danaine as readily as other kinds. The contrast in this respect
between these birds and Liothrix, when kept under the same conditions,
was very noticeable.
The Yellow-vented species (Molpastes leucotis) thoagh the only
bird by which I saw Acrza eaten, was rather more discriminating on
the whole towards the Danaingz, and all three agreed in objecting, as
a general rule, to Delias eucharis and Papilio aristolochizx.
With the White-crested Bulbul the experiments were too few to be
of much use, but it does not seem to be very discriminating.
The Button-Quail (Turnix taigoor) was also very ready to eat the
Danainz, and objected to the other two protected forms above specified.
But I do not consider the tastes of this little ground-bird of any im-
portance, and in fact did not keep it for experiment.
The Bulbuls offer a more serious difficulty, as they are very com-
mon birds, and undoubtedly do eat butterflies in a wild state. I have
myself seen a wild individual of one of the Red-vented forms eat a
white butterfly. Hxperiments should be made by those who have the
opportunity with wild Bulbuls getting their own food.
Mynahs (<Acridotheres tristis) in the few experiments made, cared
little for butterflies, or showed no great discrimination when taking
them, though at liberty.
Though most birds which are at all insectivorous with which I
experimented, captive or wild, showed more or less desire for butterflies,
some would not eat them at all, Crows (Corvus splendens) for instance.
I conclude from these experiments—
1. That there is a general appetite for butterflies among insecti-
vorous birds, even though they are rarely seen when wild to attack
them.
2. That many, probably most species, -dislike, if not intensely,
at any rate in comparison with other butterflies, the ‘ warningly-
coloured” Danaine, Acrea violx, Delias eucharis, and Papilio artstolochiz ;
of these the last being the most distasteful, and the Danainz the least so.
3. That the mimics of these are at any rate relatively palateable,
and that the mimicry is commonly effectual under natural conditions.
4, That each bird has to separately acquire its experience, and well
remembers what it has learned.
That therefore on the whole, the theory of Wallace and Bates is
668 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
supported by the facts detailed in this and my former papers, so far as
they deal with Birds (and with the one Mammal used). Professor
Poulton’s suggestion that animals may be forced by hunger to eat
. unpalateable forms is also more than confirmed, as the unpalateable
forms werecommonly eaten without the stimulus of actual hunger—
generally, also, I may add, without signs of dislike,
To future experimenters I would offer the following hints derived
from my experiences as detailed in this series of papers.
1. Use animals at liberty for experimenting with if possible.
2. If these are not available, confine your subjects singly, and feed
them well and naturally, letting them be neither hungry nor pampered.
Cages should be of portable size (about two feet every way) and made
(for birds) of half-inch mesh wire netting with plain wooden floor
without a tray. Thisisto prevent insects getting out or being con-
cealed.
3. Use wild-caught specimens in preference to hand-reared ones.
4. Remember that the best and often the only way to determine an
animal’s tastes ts to offer it a choice.
A List of the Butterflies of Bali, Lombok, Sambawa and Sumba.— By
Lione, DE Nickvitie, F.H.S., C.M.Z.S8., $c. and H. J. Exwes,
E.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S.
[Received 25th November; Read lst December, 1897. ]
The Islands of Bali, Lombok and Sambawa in the Malayan or
Eastern Archipelago extend almost in a straight line from Java on the
west to Flores on the east; Sumba or Sandalwood Island lies to the
south of Flores; all the islands are adjacent, with narrow straits
between them. In continuation of this line of islands from west to east
are Flores, Adanara, Ombai and Wetter, with Timor, the largest island
of them all, lying to the south of the two latter. Herr J. Rober in
Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxiv, pp. 261-322 (1891), has written a paper on the
butterflies of Flores, Wetter, and Timor; while Mynheer P. C. T.
Snellen has in the same periodical, vols. xxxiil, p. 98 (1890), and xxxiv,
p. 229 (1891), described the butterflies of Flores. Unfortunately neither
of the present writers possesses any considerable collections of butterflies
from any of these islands, but which should certainly be compared with
those given in this paper. As far as possible we have brought together
1897. | L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Se. 669
the names of all the species recorded from the islands dealt with. This
paper is mainly based on the collections made by Mr. William Doherty
in Bali, Lombok, Sambawa and Sumba in Elwes’ possession, while Herr
H. Fruhstorfer has kindly sent de Nicéville some seventy-nine species
collected by himself in Lombok. All species recorded from any of the
islands taken together considered herein not seen from any one of them
by the writers are indicated by an asterisk (*) prefixed to their names.
The number of species recorded from each island in this paper is as
follows :— |
Bali, 201. Sambawa, 181.
Lombok, 189. Sumba, 158.
These numbers are remarkably even, bat they shew a steady
diminution as one proceeds from west to east. Java has at least 500
distinct species of butterflies, Sumatra still more,
Mr. Doherty records about 135 species from Sambawa, several of
which, however, he could not name as he had lost the specimens. For
instance, at the end of his paper he writes: “ My Sumbanese Hesperiadz
have suffered more than any other family, and I have been compelled to
omit a number of species, a Halpe, two Parnaras, a Parata, etc.” On
page 157 of his paper he says he obtained about 140 species from
Sambawa and Sumba. |
Mr. Doherty numbered the species he obtained from Sumba, the
total being 130, but of these one species, Stectoplea lacordairet, Moore,
was inadvertently entered as from Sumba, while it really was obtained
in Sambawa. In counting up the number of species he mentions, the
total is 140 (omitting the Huplea), so that there were eleven species he
was unable to name for want of specimens when writing his paper.
Dr. Pagenstecher in his first paper on the butterflies of Sumba
records 34 species only as received by him, but several of these are not
included in Mr. Doherty’s list.
Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper records 57 species from
Sambawa, and 88 species from Sumba, many of these being new records.
His total from both islands is 110 species.
Mr. Fruhstorfer names 176 species from Lombok, and a “ Narathura”
and two Arrhopalas are unnamed, a total of 179 species.
Mr. Fruhstorfer gives 28 species from Bali, of which he described
three as new.
Between the islands of Bali and Lombok is found the deep depres-
sion in the sea-floor which is generally known as “ Wallace’s Line,” and
is supposed to faunistically divide the Indo-Malayan and Austro-
Malayan regions. In the three islands of Lombok, Sambawa and
Sumba dealt with in this paper which lie to the east of this line, there
Poe 8a
670 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, &c. [No. 4,
is hardly any trace of an Australian element, the butterflies being
almost entirely of Indo-Malayan types. The most conspicuous butter-
flies of an Austro-Malayan type are Melanitis constantia, Cramer, from
Sambawa and Sumba, Acrea andromacha, Fabricius, from Sumba, Junonia
villida, Fabricius, from Sumba, Charazes jovis, Staudinger, from Sambawa
and Sumba, Charazes ocellatus, Fruhstorfer, from Lombok, Huphina
temena, Hewitson, from Lombok, Sambawa, and Sumba, and Papilio
canopus, Westwood, var. umbrosus, Rothschild, from Sambawa, and var.
sumbanus, Rothschild, from Sumba,
The only papers relating to Samba and Sambawa are :—
1. “The Butterflies of Sumba and Sambawa, with some account of
the Island of Sumba,” by William Doherty, Journ. A. 8. B., vol. 1x, pt. 2,
pp- 141-197, pl. ii (1891).
2. ‘Uber einige Schmetterlinge von der Insel Sumba,” by Dr,
Arnold Pagenstecher, Jahr. des Nass. Vereins fiir Natur., vol, xlvu, pp.
52-58 (1894).
3. “Uber die Lepidopteren von Sumba und Sambawa,” by Dr.
Arnold Pagenstecher, Jahr. des Nass. Vereins fiir Natur., vol. xlix, pp.
95-170, pls. i, ii, and iii (1896).
Mr. H. Fruhstorfer has recently published a paper on the butterflies
of Lombok in the Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, pp. 1-14(1897), entitled
“ Aufzahlung der von mir auf der Insel Lombok im Jahre 1896 gefan-
genen Rhopaloceren;” another on the butterflies‘of Bali in Stet. Ent.
Zeitung, vol. lviii, p. (1897), entitled ‘‘ Liste von Rhopaloceren der
Insel Bali;”’ and lastly “ Rhopalocera Lombokiana,” in Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 119 (1897).
Family NYMPHALIDA.
Subfamily Danaina.
This subfamily has been arranged in the order given by Mr. F.
Moore in “ A Monograph of the Limnaina and Hupleina ” in the Proceed-
ings of the Zoological Society of London for 1883, pp. 201-324. It is
a little remarkable that no species of Nectaria, Hestia, Gamana, and
Ideopsis appear to occur in the islands dealt with here.
J. Danais (Radena) vuuearis, Butler.
Sambawa (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that a Radena occurring in
Sambawa “ Appears to be a representative of R. vulgaris, and is common
everywhere. I have now no specimens, and am unable to compare it
with its allies.” On a subsequent visit to the island, Doherty obtained
it again, and there are two pairs in Elwes’ collection, who notes that
1897. | L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bala, Sc. 671
“They have the markings paler and on the hindwing broader than in
Javan specimens.”
2. Dawnats (Radena) suvenTA, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Moore, Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa ?
(Doherty). Doherty records a Radena from Sambawa, and says it “Is
very close to the Javanese Rt. guventa, and is confined to the higher
country, though I have taken it as low as 1,500 feet. I have now no
Specimens, and am unable to compare it with its allies.” In Elwes’
collection there are specimens of this species from Bali, Lombok and
Sambawa collected by Doherty, and Fruhstorfer also records it from
Sumbawa.
3. *Danais (Radena) opeRTHEURII, Doherty.
Sumbawa (Pagenstecher ), Sumba (Doherty and Pagenstecher).
4. *%Dawnats (Radena) kamBerA, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty). 1
5. Danats (Tirumala) Limnrace, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
‘Mr. Fruhstorfer records three species of the subgenus Tirwmala from
Lombok—D. (T.) melissa hamata, Macleay, D. (T.) limniace conjuncta,
Moore, and D. ( 7.) lamniace donia, Fruhstorfer. Asregards the first of these
it has always been held that it is confined to Australia. Its coloration is
very deep blue, and it is a well-marked species. Mr. Fruhstorfer’s
identification is probably erroneous. The second species is restricted
by the describer to Java, but is in our opinion an absolute synonym of
D. limniace; Mr. Moore not admitting that the last-named species is
found in Java. The third species is described in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch.,
vol. xlii, p. 120 (1897). All our specimens of Tirwmala from Lombok
are certainly D. limniace. Mr. Fruhstorfer gives both D. hamata and
D. limniace from Sumbawa, and D. hamata, D. limniace and D. donia
‘from Sumba.
6. *Danais (Tirumala) metissa, Cramer.
Sambawa and Sumba (Doherty). Dr. Pagenstecher in his first
paper records this species under the name of D. hamata, Maclay, from
Sumba. Mr. Moore restricts this species to Java.
7. *Danats (Tirumala) cautama, Moore.
Sumba? (Doherty). . Mr. Doherty notes, “I also recorded a form
. of D. gautama in Sumba, but ne specimens have turned up.”
672 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, &c. [No. 4,
8. Danas (Tirumala) sEpTenrRiontis, Butler.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Fruhstorfer does not record this species
from Lombok, though it certainly is found there. Perhaps he has
identified it as D. melissa hamata, MacLeay.
9. *Danats (Nasuma) HAruHaAsa, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Fruh-
storfer says that D. erebus, Rober, from Ceram, Goram and Flores, des-
cribed in the same year as D. haruhasa, is the same species.
10. *Danais (Nasuma) Tarmanu, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty).
11. Danars (Limnas) carysippus, Linneus.
Lombok (Moore), Sambawa,Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty notes
that his specimens are somewhat intermediate between typical D. chry-
sippus and D. bataviana, Moore. Mr. Elwes says that of five specimens
from Sambawa in his collection, four are dark-coloured like those from
Bali. and Lombok, and one female is paler, so that he considers
D. bataviana to be an inconstant variety of D. chrysippus. All the
specimens of this species in de Nicéville’s collection from Lombok are
quite constant and are typical D. bataviana.
12. Danais (Limnas) Bataviana, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Bali, Lombok (Fruhstorfer). This species can
typically be recognised by the dark ferruginous colour of the ground on
the upperside of both wings in both sexes. The markings are quite
as inconstant as are those in D. chrysippus, Linneus. Mr. Moore re-
stricts it to Java.
13. *Dawnais (Salatura) piexippus, Linneeus.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty as D. genutia, Cramer). Mr. Doherty
says his specimens are intermediate between typical D. genutia, Cramer
(pleaippus), and D. intensa, Moore. We think it highly improbable that
typical D. plexippus is found in these islands.
14. Danars (Salatura) rntensa, Moore.
Lombok (Moore and Fruhstorfer). We have very numerous speci-
mens of this species from Lombok which are quite typical D. intensa.
It is, we think, almost certain that the Sambawa and Sumba species
(see above) arealso D. intensa rather than D, plexippus. Mr. Frubstorfer
describes a D. (Salatura) genutia partita, from Lombok and Sambawa,
1897. | L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 673
in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, pp. 119, 121 (1897), but our Lombok
specimens do not appear to us to differ from typical D. intensa, from
Java, Lombok and Borneo (Moore).
15. Danais (Salatura) trroratis, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Mr. Fruh-
storfer places this species in one paper as a synonym of D. affinis,
Fabricius, var. a, hegesippinus, Rober, from Bonerate and Kisser Islands,
described in the same year as Doherty’s species, in his last paper he
restricts D. hegesippinus to Lombok and Sambawa, and records D. litoralis
from Sumba. Mr. Elwes notes that he possesses one specimen only,
but does not say from what island, while de Nicéville has never
seen it.
16. Dawnats (Ravadeba) vHiLo, Grose Smith.
Ravadebra [sic] philo, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 77 (1895) ; Ravadeba
philo, Grose Smith 4nd Kirby, Rhop. Ex., pl. Ravadeba i, figs. 7, 8, female (1896).
Sambawa (Doherty and Grose Smith). There are two pairs of this
species in Klwes’ collection, and a single female (the type) is in the
collection of Hon. Walter Rothschild.
17. Danars (Bahora) pHitometa, Zinken-Sommer.
Bali (Doherty).
18. Danars (Chittira) orrent1s, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
Mr. Doherty says that this species appear to belong to Mr. Moore’s
genus Budacara, though he places it in Chittira. Mr. Elwes says it is
very near to D, ( Badacara) nilgiriensis, Moore, but he is unable to follow
- the minutis of Mr. Moore’s “ genera,” so cannot say whether it is a
Chittiva or a Badacura. Mr. Fruhstorfer places it in the subgenus
Caduga. Without seeing a specimen de Nicéville is unable to say to
which subgenus it should properly belong.
19. EKupit@a (Vadebra) enwestana, de Nicéville.
E, (Vadebra) elwesiana, de Nicéville, Journ. A. 8. B., vol. Ixvi, pt. 2, p. 543, n. 1,
pl. i, fig. 4, male (1897).
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty and
Fruhstorfer). Mr, Fruhstorfer records this species from Lombok
and Sambawa as H.(Vadebra) sepulchralis, Butler, and in litt. to de
Nicéville says that H. elwesiana and H. neptis, Rober, from Flores, are
both synonyms of that species, which was originally described from
674 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
Java. We have no specimens of H. sepulchralis with which to compare
E. elwesiana, but as Mr. Butler’s description and figure of his species _
differ from de Nicéville’s of H. elwesiana, we have kept them distinct.
P. S.—Since the above was written, Mr. Fruhstorfer has recorded
E. sepulchralis from Lombok and Sambawa.
20. Eupr@a (Menama) penenrit, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty and Frushtorfer). Tf
we have correctly identified the hitherto undescribed female of this
species, it differs considerably from the male, the upperside of the
forewing being strongly instead of slightly glossed with iridescent
violet colour, though this character is rather variable ; the submarginal
series of spots are very much larger and more numerous, the series
being usually, complete from the costa to the anal angle, though one
specimen has two spots only and another four, these spots being white
in the middle, broadly surrounded with pale violet, and there are six
marginal white dots in pairs between the veins from the submedian -
internervular fold to the lower discoidal internervular fold ; in some
specimens these dots are wanting ; on the hindwing the marginal series
of dots is usually complete, and the submarginal series consists of from
two to eight decreasing spots, while the male has two or three only.
The underside presents much the same differences as on the upperside,
except that in the forewing the submarginal series.of spots form an
even curve instead of being highly irregular in position as they are in
the male, in the latter sex the spot in the second median interspace is
far removed inwardly from the line of the others, and the spot in the
first median interspace is also out of line, though less so than the spot
anterior to it. The species is a very variable one in both sexes.
21. *Hupt@a (Menama) svavissima, Fruhstorfer.
E. (Menama) suavissima, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 122 (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Itis unusual for two species of the same
subgenus of Huplea to occur together; perhaps this species is one of
the numerous varieties of the last named.
22. *Huriea (Tronga) sp.
Sambawa ? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty obtained a species probably
of this subgenus in Sambawa, but the specimens were lost before he
could identify them.
23. Euetea (Tronga) crameri, Lucas.
Bali (Doherty). These specimens appear to be typical, having the
1897. ] L, de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 675
marginal and submarginal series of dots on the upperside of the fore-
wing very small, almost obsolete. H. bremeri, Felder, has them large
and conspicuous. In all other respects the two species agree exactly.
24. Hupia@a (Penoa) ceyert, Felder.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). A single much torn male has been received
by de Nicéville, who has so identified the specimen but with great doubt.
It has the sexual brand broad, and thirteen mm. in length; the double
marginal series of white spots on the upperside of the hindwing pure
white and prominent ; it is certainly distinct from the two species which
follow. It was originally described from Java.
25. *Hupie@a (Penoa) Pinwituti, Butler.
Lombok (fFruhstorfer). This may be the species last named, but
de Nicéville’s specimen differs greatly from typical H. pinwilli from the
Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
26. *Koprit@a (Penoa) rynpHovil, Felder.
Lombok and Sambawa (Fruhstorfer as EH. eindthoveni, sic!).. We
presume Mr. Fruhstorfer refers to this species, though he alters the
spelling of its name in four particulars. We would again remark that
it is unlikely that three species of the same subgenus are found together
in one small island. As far as we are aware, HL. eyndhovii is confined to
Java.
27. *Hupi@a (Penoa) sp.
Sambawa (Doherty). Mr. Elwes notes that his Bali and Sambawa
Penoas are LE. eyndhovii, Felder,=H. menetriesii, Felder, the latter name
having priority, and differ only from Perak specimens in having the
marginal spots on the hindwing shorter and whiter. Mr. de Nicéville
has seen no Penoa from Bali. Perhaps Elwes’ specimens are what
de Nicéville has called EL, geyeri, Felder.
28. *Hupta@a (Crastia) atossa, Pagenstecher.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Pagenstecher and Fruhstorfer).
We are unable to identify this species from the description and figure
in Jahr. des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 132, n. 53, pl. iii, fig. 2,
male (1896) with anything in our collections. Mr. Fruhstorfer transfers
it doubtless correctly to the subgenus Isamia.
29. *Hopta@a (Crastia or Vadebra) panmepo, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Recorded by Dr. Pagenstecher
in his first paper as 1. palmeda [sic].
676 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
30. *Huri@a (Rasuma?) Ewa, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
31. Eupia@a (Trepsichrois) cLaupius, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
32. Evuriea (Trepsichrois) GELDERI, Snellen.
E. gelderi, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxiii, p. 98 (1890); vol. xxxiv, p. 282,
n. 2, pl. xiv, fig. 1, male (1891); EH. (Trepsichrois) dongo, Doherty, Journ. A. S. B.,
vol. lx, pt. 2, p. 160 (1891).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Ori-
ginally described from Flores. A very distinct species.
33. *EHupie@a (Trepsichrois) ELwESII, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
34. *KupLe@a £vcaLA, Staudinger.
E, eucala, Staudinger, Iris, vol. viii, p. 873, pl. vii, fig. 4, male (1895).
Sambawa (Staudinger and Fruhstorfer). Referred to by Dr. Pagen-
stecher in his second paper as LH. eucalle [sic]; the reference also is
incorrect. Mr. Fruhstorfer also spells the name erroneously.
35. EuPL@A GYLLENHALI, Lucas.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
36. Hupta@a (Calliploa) samBavana, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer as sumbawana, sic!), Sambawa (Doherty and
Fruhstorfer). Mr. Elwes notes that the male from Sambawa has the
upperside of the forewing of a deeper colour than in H’, mazares, Moore, but
that the markings are similar to those of the latter species from Java and
Bali, and that at best H. sambavana is only a local race of H. mazares.
37. Evupria@a (Calliploa) mazares, Moore.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer quite incorrectly
transfers this species to the subgenus Selinda.
38. *Eopim@a (Calliploea) sumpana, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty and Frwhstorfer).
39. HEvupim@a (Selinda) s.eusina, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok and Sambawa (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba—stated by Elwes to be in his collection (Doherty).
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 677
40, Koecta@a (Salpinx) meizon, Doherty.
Lombok (Iruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
41. Kuprnaa (Salpins ) Leucosricros, Gmelin.
Bali (Doherty).
42. Eupia@a (Isamia) sp,
Sambawa (Doherty). Mr. Doherty notes that “ An undescribed
Isamia occurs in Sambawa.” Mr. Elwes has three males and one female
of this, and notes that it is allied to H. chloé, Guérin, but as a separate
description is required for each specimen owing to the great variability
of the species, he canuot name it on this material. See No. 28 ante.
43. Huetaa (Stictoploa ) nacorpairEr, Moore.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer as lucorduiri, sic!), Sambawa (Doherty and
Fruhsturfer). Recorded from Sumba by Doherty, but he informed
de Nicéville that this was a mistake, Sambawa being meant. There is
a male from Sambawa in de Nicéville’s collection.
44, HKupia@a (Stictoploeea) mELoLo, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty and Fruhsterfer). Recorded by Dr. Pagenstecher
in both his papers as H. melelo [sic]. ‘There is one male in de Nicéville
collection.
Subfamily Saryrina.
45. Mycaresis (Orsotrizna) mMepus, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
46. Mycatests (Calysisme) Perseus, Fabricius.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
47. Mycavesis (Jatana) wavewA, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). The Mycalesis
merops, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 80, n. 11 (1895), recorded
from Sambawa by Mr. Grose Smith, Sumba by Dr. Pagenstecher, and
Lombok by Mr. Fruhstorfer, is almost certainly a synonym of M. wayewa.
Mr. Grose Smith described M. merops from Sambawa, Adonara and
Pura.
48. Mycaesis (Martanda) Janarpand, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
J. or. 86
678 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, 8c. [No. 4,
49, Mycatests (Loesa) oroatis, Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty). |
50. Letue (Nemetis) minurva, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
51. Letrur (Debis) mantHara, Felder.
Bali (Doherty). Mynheer P. C. T. Snellen in Tijd. voor Ent., vol.
xxxv, p. 4, n. 4 (1892), says that Debis manthara, Felder, is the same as
Debis mekara, Moore; but this is incorrect, they are abundantly distinct
in the female sex, on the upperside the ground-colour of both wings in
D. mekara is ferruginous, in D. manthara it is dull ochreous ; D. mekara
has the discal macular band of the forewing pure white and highly
angled, with a duplicated subapical white spot, while D. manthura has the
discal band inconspicuous, curved (instead of angled), and pale ochreous,
with no subapical white spot; while on the hindwing the five sub-
marginal black spots are much larger in D, manthara than in D. mekara.
The males of the two species are very similar, though D. manthara is
much the paler on the upperside of both wings.
52. Letue europa, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
53. Letae pyrta, Felder.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty).
04, YproiMa Leuce, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty
describes the sex-mark of the male of this species as “ whitish,” but it
is in this species, as in all the species of Ypthima in which it is present,
more or less black. This is the species from Flores given by Mynheer
P. C. T. Snellen in Tijd, voor Ent., vol. xxxiv, p. 236, n. 12, pl. xv, fig. 1, -
female (1891), as Y. baldus, Fabricius.
55. YPprHiMA HORSFIELDII, Moore.
Bali (Doherty). Originally described from Java.
56. YPpTHIMA PHILOMELA, Johanssen.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sumba
(Pagenstecher as Y. baldus, Fabricius). This in the Y. baldus of Mr.
Elwes’ monograph of the genus (Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 14, n.
10, pl. i, figs. 15, 16, clasp and cdeagus of the male). See also the late
1897. ] L. de Nicéville — List of the Butierflies of Bali, Sc. 679
Capt. E. Y. Watson’s remarks on these species in Journ. Bomb. Nat.
Hist. Soc., vol. x, p. 644, n. 40 (1897), with which de Nicéville agrees.
o¢7. *YPTHIMA HUEBNERI, Kirby.
Sumba (Pagenstecher). This record requires confirmation we think,
as the species has never before been obtained out of the continent of
Asia except in Borneo. Dr. Pagenstecher gives the Y. philomela of
Hibner from Javaas asynonym, a species with six ocelli in pairs, while
Y. huebneri has only four ocelli, arranged one and three. He also gives
the Y. florensts of Snellen, from Flores, as another synonym, but this
surely is an absolutely distinct species from either of the others, as it
has only two very large ocelli on the underside of the hindwing, as
figured in Tijd. voor. Ent., vol. xxxiv, p. 235, n. 11, pl. xiv, fig. 3,
male (1891). Dr. Pagenstecher makes three mistakes in the reference to
this species, the page is 235 not 225, the plate is 14 not 4, and the figure
is 3 not 3a. Inde Nicéville’s opinion Y. flrensis isa synonym of
Y, asterope, Klug.
58. *Ypruima asTeRoPe, Klug.
Sumba (Doherty).
59. Erites MrepurA, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty).
60. MELANITIS ISMENE, Cramer.
Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty and Dr.
Pagenstecher record this species under the name of M. leda, Linnzus,
but according to Dr. A. G. Butler, that species is confined to Amboina
(Ent. Month. Mag., vol. xxi, p. 246 (1885). Mr. Fruhstorfer records
both M. tsmene and M. leda from Lombok. This is probably a mistake.
- The species is markedly affected by dry and wet weather, probably
Mr. Fruhstorfer keeps distinct the ocellated and non-ocellated forms,
which de Nicéville has bred the one from eggs laid by the other.
61. *MELANITIS CRUENTULA, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). From the figure of this species in Berl.
Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 386, pl. ix, fig. 5, female (1897), it appears
to be quite a distinct species from M. ismene. Mr. Fruhstorfer says it is
a local race of M. belinda, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 79, n. 10
(1895), from Adonara. It is more than probable in de Nicéville’s opinion
that Grose Smith’s name will stand for the species.
680 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
62. *MBLANITIS CONSTANTIA, Cramer.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Subfamily Erymnuna.
63. ELYMNIAS PROTOGENIA, Cramer.
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty), Sumba (Pagenstecher), Bali (Fruhstorfer
as FE. protogenia baliensis, Fruhstorfer), Doherty records this species
from Sambawa as HE. undularis, Drury, and says that no Hlymmias is
known from Sumba (but Dr, Pagenstecher has since recorded it from
thence as #. undaularis) or Timor (but in de Nicéville’s collection is an
Elymnias from Timor received from Dr, Staudinger with the MS. —
name Hf. undularis, var. timorensis). HH. protogenia was originally des-
cribed from Java, and differs but slightly from the H. undularis of
Drury, which has precedence. Mr. H, Fruhstorfer in “ Societas Ento-
mologica,” 1896, describes the Bali local race as E. protogenia baliensis,
but it is, as far as our specimens of both sexes show, identical with
typical H. protogenta. The paper in which this species is described is
simply peppered over with misprints. Dr. Staudinger has issued the
Sambawa form with the MS. name of H. sambawana, which has in the
male the outer margin of the hindwing on the upperside of a somewhat
deeper ferruginous colour than in typical specimens from Java and Bali,
but does not otherwise differ.
64. ELYMNIAS NIGRESCENS, Butler.
Bali, Lombok (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer as H. nigrescens
meliophila and melitophila). ‘he male is barely distinguishable from the
same sex of H. protogenia, Cramer, the female is of course abundantly
distinct from the same sex of that species. Even as a local race we do
not think that H, meliophila can stand. Our single female from Lombok
is brown on the upperside of the forewing with little or none of the
purple gloss shown in females from Perak, This brown form occurs also ,
in Sumatra with the more common purple form.
65. Etymnias para, Distant.
Bali (Doherty). H. dare was described from Borneo, FP. albofasciata,
Staudinger, from Palawan in the Philippines. The former name has
priority. Mr. Moore in Lep. Indica, vol. ii, p. 156, keeps them distinct,
but it is doubtful if specimens from the typical localities have ever
been compared together. ‘They are probably one and the same species.
66. HExymntas (Melynias) pratextata, Fruhstorfer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Recently described in
1897. | L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Balt, Sc. 681
“Societas Hutomologica”’ by Mr. H. Fruhstorfer from Lombok as
Ei, casiphone prelextata.
67. *HExymnias (Melynias) kamara, Moore.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Originally described from Java. The
species which follows differs from it only in haviug on the upperside of
‘the hindwing a single series of narrow ochreous-white spots instead of a
second and third series anterior to the first extending towards the base
of the wing.
68. HExymyias (Melynias) exciusa, de Nicéville, n, sp.
Hasitar: Bali, 2,000 to 4,000 feet, March, 1896 (Doherty).
Expanse: o&, 3:0 inches.
Descriprion: Maue. Differs from the same sex of H. casiphone
pretextata, Fruhstorfer, from the low country of Bali and from Lombok,
in having the upPersipE of the forewing entirely deep uniform velvety
black, without markings, in that species the ground-colour is fuscous
becoming outwardly much paler, with a submarginal series of six
bluish-white spots, Hindwing differs also in haying the ground-colour
much darker, with a submarginal series of four prominent elongated
ochreous-white spots placed between the veins, these being obsolete
in that species; it is heavily clothed on the disc with long black
hairs. UNDERSIDE, both wings much as in that species, Differs
from F. erinyes, de Nicéville, from the Battak mountains of North-East
Sumatra, in the forewing being shorter, less elongated, and on the
upperside of the hindwing in not having a series of elongated pale
streaks between the veins. FremaLe unknown.
Mr. de Nicéville will figure this species ina later paper. In
de Nicéville and Elwes’ collections are single males,
Subfamily AMATHUSIINA.
69. AMATHUSIA PHIDIPPUS, Johanssen.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
70. DiscopHora CELINDE, Stoll.
Bali (Doherty).
71. *DiscopHora TimorA, Doubleday and Hewitson.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Messrs, Doherty and Fruhstorfer credit this
species erroneously to Wallace.
682 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, 8c. LNo. 4,
72. DiscopHora sonpaica, Boisduval.
Bali (Doherty).
73. ZwUXIDIA LUXERII, Hiibner.
Bali (Doherty).
74, CLEROME ARCESILAUS, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty).
Subfamily AcRaINS.
75. *ACRHA ANDROMACHA, Fabricius.
Sumba (Pagenstecher).
76. Paresa vesta, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty).
Subfamily NympHatina,
77. ERGOLIS ARIADNE, Linneeus.
Bali, Lombok (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba
(Doherty). 7
78. *ERGOLIS MERIONE, Cramer.
Mr. Doherty writes: ‘I believe EH. merione also occurs in Sam-
bawa.”
79. EURIPUS HALITHERSES, Doubleday and Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty), The female is of the form “ Diadema” nyctelius,
Doubleday (=. cinnamomeus, Wood-Mason), the upperside having the
forewing purplish, and the hindwing brown.
80. CuUPHA ERYMANTHIS, Drury.
Bali (Doherty and H'ruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, ©
Sumba (Doherty). |
81. ATELLA PHALANTHA, Drury.
Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer),
82. *ATELLA sINHA, Kollar.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper
records this species from Sumba as A. egista, Cramer. That species is
entirely different from A, sinha; de Nicéville has it from the Ké Islands
1897. | L, de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, &c. 683
and Cairns in Northern Australia. A, propinqua, Miskin, described
from Australia, is a synonym of A. egista.
83. CETHOSIA PENTHESILEA, Cramer.
C. penthesilea exsanguis, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 382 (1897).
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. de
Nicéville has this from Bali, Lombok and Sumba only. A single male
of A. penthesilea evsanguis, Fruhstorfer, received from Mr. Fruhstorfer
and taken by him at Ekas, Lombok, in May, 1896, is practically insepar-
able from two male specimens from Sumba, also received from the same
gentleman, and the typical form from Java. Cramer’s figure appears
to be slightly exagerated, the white subapical hand on the upperside
of the forewing being rather wider than in any Javan specimens in our
collections.
84. CETHOSIA NARMADA, Fruhstorfer.
Cetosia [sic] armada, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 380, pl. ix,
fig. 2, male (1897).
Lombok, Sambawa (Fruhstorfer).
85. CETHOSIA NARMADOIDES, de Nicéville, n. sp.
Hasirat: Bali (Doherty).
Expanse: o', 2°9 and 3:2 inches.
Desscription: Mate. Uppersipe, both wings differ from the same
sex of C. narmada, Fruhstorfer, from Lombok, in having the outer
marginal black areas much narrower, thus leaving the discal and basal
red areas much larger, occupying the whole of the discoidal cell in the
_ forewing instead of the posterior half only ; and in the hindwing leaving
quite free the outer discal series of round black spots, instead of extending
right up to and more or less including them. Forewing has the sub-
apical oblique series of markings reddish-ochreous instead of whitish,
much larger and more numerous than in C. narmada, in the latter the an-
terior of the three subapical spots is widely separated from the two
posterior ones. UNpsERSIDE, both wings have the ground-colour much
paler, in C. narmada it is heavily suffused with black; the discal pale
ochreous band is much broader in the present species. FEMALE un-
known.
The figure of CO. narmada does not agree with the specimens of that
species in de Nicéville’s collection received from and named by Fruhs-
torfer. Instead of having on the upperside of the forewing three sub-
apical spots only, there is a nearly complete series as in C. narmadoides ;
684 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, &c. [No. 4,
and on the hindwing the outer discal series of black spots is free of the
marginal black band, thereby agreeing with C. narmadoides, instead of
being absorbed in the band. Mr. de Nicéville will figure the species in a
later paper. It is described from two male specimens taken by Mr. W.
Doherty in the low country of Bali in April, 1896. Mr. Fruhstorfer
writes to de Nicéville that he has “‘ Just received from Sambawaa typical
OC. narmada, and that it is found in that island with OC. tambora,
Doherty, while Lombok has only one species. O. cyane, vat. sambawa,
Pagenstecher, from Sumba, is very distinct on both surfaces from either
of the above-named species. I have it also from Kalao, the small island
near Tanah-Djampea between Celebes and Flores. ©. sambana has on
the upperside of the forewing a very large subapical band instead of a
small one as in C. tambora and a narrow one in C. narmada, and has on
the underside of the hindwing a submarginal orange-yellow band instead
of a black one in C. tambora and a brownish one in C. narmada.” In the
absence of specimens or good coloured figures of all these'species, it is
exceedingly difficult to identify them.
86. CrrHosia TamBoraA, Doherty.
Sambawa, and doubtfully from Sumba (Doherty). In Dr. Pagen-
stecher’s first paper he records this species and gives a very full deserip-
tion of it as C. cyane, Drury, var. swmbana, from Sumba. In his second
paper, p. 137, n. 62, he records it from Sumba and Sambawa correctly as
C. tambora, and figures a female (not a male, as stated by him), the sex
described by Doherty. Males of C. tambora from Sambawa in our
collections differ from this figure in having the subapical ochreous band
on the upperside of the forewing narrower, and the marginal black
band on the upperside of the hindwing also much uarrower. C. tam-
bora is a very distinct species, the blue-black and ochreous-white colora-
tion of the underside being quite remarkable. We have seen no speci-
mens from Sumba. Should that local race be distinct, Dr. Pagenstecher’s
name O. swmbana can be applied to it. See No. 85 ante.
87. *CynTHIA DEJONE, Hrichson.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty as C. detone, sic!). This is probably a
wrong identification, as far as we know (. dejone is confined to the
Philippine Isles. Mr. Doherty has the following note regarding this _
species: ‘‘A single male, Sumba, interior. Common in Sambawa,
where the females vary to a remarkable extent, some being as red as
the male, while others are dark green insects like Parthenos. Interme-
diate forms are common.’ Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper records
the species as 0. arsinoé, Cramer, which is quite a distinct species from
the Moluccas and New Guinea. See the next species, No. 88.
1897. ] L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterjlies of Bali, Sc. 685
88. CYNTHIA AUSTROSUNDANA, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok, West Sambawa, Sumba (Fruhstorfer), We have a pair of
this species from Lombok, three males from Sambawa, and two males
from Sumba; it seems to be a very distinct species. Mr. Fruhstorfer
describes it in “ Societas Entomologica,” No. 7, for July, 1897, asa
subspecies of C. erota, Fabricius. In the Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii,
p- 4 (1897), Mr. Fruhstorfer changes the name to C. austrosunda !
89. *HELCYRA CHIONIPPE, Felder.
Sumba (Doherty).
90. ApatTura (Rohana) nakuta, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), One female only obtained. As far as we are
aware, this is only the second specimen known of this sex, the type of
the species, also a female, from Java, is unique in the British Museum,
and has been figured by de Nicéville in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.,
vol. ix, pl. N, fig. 6, female (1895).
91. Herona pRinGoNDANI, Fruhstorfer.
Bali (Doherty). This species has been figured by de Nicéville
from Java in Journ. A. 8. B., vol. lxiii, pt. 2, p. 4, n, 3, pl. iii, figs. 5,
male; 4, female (1894). Bali specimens are quite the same.
92. Precis ipa, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). ,
93. Precis 1pHira, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty, and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty).
94. *JuNONIA ATLITES, Johanssen.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer as J. laomedia), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Recorded by Dr. Pagenstecher in his first paper as J. laomedia, Linneus.
95. JUNONIA ALMANA, Linneus.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
As J. almana and J. asterie, Linnzeus, are unquestionably one and the same
species, the former being the dry-season, the latter the wet-season form,
and the former name having priority, it must be used for the species,
though the wet-season form probably alone occurs in the above-named
islands. The Sambawa and Sumba form has been named by Doherty
SOLE. St
686 L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [ No. 4,
J. asterie, var. sumbe. It differs but slightly from the typical form.
The Bali specimens also are var. sumbex, as are probably also the Lombok
ones, which we have not seen.
96. *JUNONIA VILLIDA, Fabricius.
Sumba (Doherty). Originally described from Australia, and in
de Nicéville’s collection from thence, and from the Ké Isles, German
New Guinea and the Solomon Isles. Mr. Doherty spells the name
“vellida’’ incorrectly.
97. JUNONIA ERIGONE, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba ( Doherty).
Messrs. Doherty and Fruhstorfer record this species under the older name
J. aonis, Linneeus, the former remarking that ‘The species is certainly
very close to the Javanese J. erigone.”” As, however, J. aonis cannot be
identified with certainly, though it is probably an older name for the
Indian and Chinese J. lemonias, Linneus (confer Aurivillius, p. 169), we
have thought it better to follow Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper
in identifying the species under Cramer’s name. We have specimens
of J. erigone from Java, Bali, Kalao, and Sumba which are indistinguish-
able.
98. JUNONIA TIMORENSIS, Wallace.
Sumba (Doherty). Mr. de Nicéville possesses a single male from
Sumba given to him by Mr. Doherty.
99. *JuNnonrIA ocYALE, Hiibner.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Mr. Doherty
records this species as J. orithyia, Linnezeus, but the form occurring in
the above-named islands is more likely to be Hiibner’s local race than
the typical form from China. Dr. Pagenstecher also records it as
J. “orithya” and orithyia from Sumba in both his papers.
100. Nepris (Rahinda) Horvont, Stoll,
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).-
101, Neprtis pataraA, Moore.
Bali (Doherty).
102. Neprtis vikasi, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty).
1897.} lL. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Balz, Sc. 687
103. Nepris LeEucoTHOH, Cramer.
Bali, Lombok, Sambawa (Doherty), Lombok (Lruhstorfer).
104, Nepris sumBa, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). We have one
male from Sambawa and both sexes from Lombok which we identify
with this species, described by Doherty as N. nandina [=soma], var.
sumba. He says that a somewhat different form from the typical
Sumba one occurs in Sambawa.
105. Nepris susruta, Moore.
Bali (Doherty). Bali specimens agree absolutely with Sumatran
specimens.
106. *Nepris acerts, Lepechin. °
Bali (Fruhstorfer), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Mr. Fruhstorfer credits
this species to Esper. It is probable that our N. susruta, Moore, is the
same species as Fruhstorfer’s N. aceris. The latter is usually held to
be restricted to Europe, Central and Northern Asia and Japan, Dr.
Pagenstecher’s specimens also are probably N. susrwta.
107. Neptis (Phedyma) coLumELLA, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
It is a little remarkable we think that no species of Cirrhochroa appears
to occur in any of the islands treated in this paper, as at least four
species are found in Java.
108. *HypoLiMNas MISIPPUS, Linneeus.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
109. Hyrotmnas Boxina, Linneeus,
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
110. *Hypo.imnas sauUNDERSI, Wallace.
Sumba? (Doherty). It was originally described from Timor.
111. Hyprorimnas anomata, Wallace.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa ? (Doherty),
112. Lepapga Marta, Fabricius,
Bali (Doherty).
688 L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, &c. | No. 4,
113. LiMenitis pRocris, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok ( Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Mr. Elwes notes that the Bali form differs in having smaller apical
spots to the forewing, and a shorter band to the hindwing ; the ground-
colour of both wings being rather darker; but a Sambawa specimen is
intermediate. Mr. H. Fruhstorfer in Ent. Nach., vol. xxiii, p. 59 (1897),
has recently described ZL. procris neutra from Java and Lombok. Mr.
de Nicéville has only seen specimens from Java, and these are insepar-
able from the typical form which was described from China. Mr,
Fruhstorfer calls the form from Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo L. procris
agnata. See also his remarks on both these local races in Berl, Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 311 (1896).
J14. Livenitis nouzanpit, Doherty.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty).
115. *ArHyma pErivs, Linneus.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
116. *AvTHYMA sp.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer records a new species of
Athyma near A, amhara, Druce, from Lombok.
117. *Aruyma karira, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that this “Species seems in-
termediate between A. venilia and A. amhara.” But the former species
is a Neptis and not an Athyma, and was described by Linneus.
118. AvtHyMA NEFTE, Cramer.
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty). This is probably the species recorded
from Sambawa by Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper as A. sele-
nophora, Kollar.
119. *EKorgatia (Adolias) ctv, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty).
120. Euraaria (Tanaécia) styaiana, Fruhstorfer.
Bali (Doherty, Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). This species has
been recently described by Mr. Frahstorfer in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol.
xli, p. 385 (1897), from Lombok. It is very near to H. pelea, Fabricius,
from Java, of which “ Adolias” palguna of Moore, also described from
Java, is a synonym, but may be known by the ground-colour of both
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 689
sides of both wings in both sexes being darker, and the discal white
band of the forewing on both sides in both sexes being anteriorly more
completely divided into two portions by a broader band of the ground-
colour. a
121. Evuraatta (Tanaécia) stncorapsa, Fruhstorfer.
Bali (Doherty), Singoradja Island near Lombok (Fruhstorfer). If
we have correctly identified this species, 1t bears the same relation to
EH. trigerta, Moore, from Java, as H. stygiana, Frubstorfer, does to EH. pelea,
Fabricius. A description of it will be found in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch.,
vol. xli, p. 385 (1897). The ground-colour of both wings on both sur-
faces is much darker than in LH: trigerta, and there are some differences
also in the details of the markings, especially on the underside.
122. *Huraatta (Nora) ossoueta, Fruhstorfer.
E, obsoleta, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 383, pl. ix, fig. 3, male
(1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Only two specimens obtained by Mr. Fruh-
storfer, one he has kept, the other is now in the collection of the Hon.
Walter Rothschild.
123. Horuacia nivericra, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Described by Mr. Fruhstorfer
in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 384 (1897), from Lombok. Our single
female from that island has the discal whitish band on the upperside of
both wings more strongly developed than in typical HH. aconthea,
Cramer, from Java; otherwise all the markings are similar in both
species.
124. EurHatta sp.
Sumba? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty notes “An Huthalia, dark like
E. garuda, Moore, seems also to inhabit Sumba, but none were taken.”
125. Euruatia anosta, Moore.
Bali (Doherty).
126. *HorHacia aponra, Cramer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
127. *Pyramets carpul, Linneus.
Sumba (Doherty).
690
L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
128, *PyRAMEIS DEJEANII, Godart.
Lombok (F'ruhstorfer).
129. SYMBRENTHIA HIPPOCLUS, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). The
white form of the female is found in Lombok, it is not known if the
yellow form also occurs in that island, or what form or forms occur in
Bali; both forms fly together in Java.
130. SyMBRENTHIA HYPSELIS, Godart.
Bali (Doherty). Agrees exactly with Javan specimens,
131. Ruropaupa ELPINICE, Felder,
Bali (Doherty).
132. Yoma SABINA, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
133. Cyrestis NivEA, Zinken-Sommer.
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty).
134. Cyrestis nals, Wallace,
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (ex Staudinger), Sumba (Doherty).
135. CyYRESTIS FRUHSTORFERI, Rober.
C. fruhstorferi, Réber, Ent. Nach., vol. xxii, p. 305 (1896).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
136. Cyrestis Lurea, Zinken-Sommer.
Bali (Doherty).
137. CyRESTIS PERIANDER, Fabricius.
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty).
138. Cyresris (Chersonesia) RABRIA, Moore,
Bali (Doherty).
139. Cyrestis (Chersonesia) prraka, Distant.
Bali (Doherty).
140. DoLESCHALLIA BISALTIDE, Cramer.
Bali, Lombok, Sumba ? (Doherty), Lombok (fruhstorfer). In de
Nicéville’s collection there are two females of this species (=D. pratipa,
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 691
Felder) from Lombok. Jt has the ground-colour of the upperside of
both wings much paler than in D. polibete, Cramer, the ochreous areas
in the forewing are larger, consequently the black band at the end of
. the discoidal cell is narrower, with only one subapical white dot.
341. DotrscHaLLIA POLIBETE, Cramer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). In de Nicéville’s collection there is a single
female of this species. It has the ground-colour of the upperside of
both wings much deeper ferruginous than in D. bisulitde, Cramer, the
black band at the end of the discoidal cell of the forewing broader, the
tawny band beyond narrower, with four subapical white dots ; the wing is
also much more falcate, and the apex more produced than in D. bisaltide.
The hindwing is very deep ferruginous (castaneous) coloured instead of
fulvous. We possess no males of either species from Lombok.
142, *CHaraxes (Hulepis).atHamas, Drury.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Fruh-
storfer records OC. phrizus, Rober, from Lombok, a species considered by
Dr. A. G. Butler to be a synonym of C. athamas (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
Zoology, vol. xxv, p. 383, n. 92 (1896).
143. *CHaraxes (Hulepis) BATAVIANUS, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer writes to de Nicéville
that he intends shortly to describe this local race of C. athamas, Drury,
in Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv (1898), from West Java and Lombok.
144. *Caaraxes (Eulepis) atpurus, Staudinger.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Butler). Mr. Fruhstorfer records
this species from Lombok as C. athamas alphius. Dr. Butler gives it
full specific rank.
145. *CuHaraxes (Eulepis) ratuax, Rober.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer records this species from
Lombok as C. attalus, Felder, and places C. fallaz, Rober, as a synonym
of it. Dr. Butler gives C. fallax full specific rank (1. c., p. 385, n. 95),
and places O, attalus, Felder, as var. 5 of C. athamas, Drury. Mr. Fruh-
storfer writes to de Nicéville that he intends to describe in Ent. Nach.,
vol. xxiv (1898) the species he records as C. attalus as ©. attalus lom-
bokianus, that he has seen the type of C. attalus, and that C. fallax isa
synonym of it.
692 L. de Nicéville— Inst of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
146. Cxyaraxes (Eulepis) moort, Distant.
Bali (Doherty), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Dr. Pagenstecher spells
this name “ mooret”’ incorrectly in both his papers, as also does Dr,
Butler (1. c., p. 385, n. 96).
147. Cuaraxes (Hulepis) ese, Butler.
Bali (Doherty).
148. *CuHaraxes (Murwareda) EuDAMiIPPuUS, Doubleday.
Sambawa?’ Sumba? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says he saw a very
large Charaxes in the above-named islands apparently of the eudamippus
group.
149. *CHaraxes (Murwareda) sovis, Staudinger.
C. jovis, Staudinger, Iris, vol. vii, p. 357 (1895); id., Pagenstecher, Jahr. des
Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 144, n. 85, pl. ii, fig. 6, male (1896).
Sambawa (Staudinger), Sambawa, Sumba (Pagenstecher). This is
probably the species Mr. Doherty saw in Sumba but failed to capture,
which he says was something like C. pyrrhus, Linneus, from Amboina.
150. *CHaraxes ( ——-—— ) oceLLatus, Fruhstorfer.
C. ocellatus, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 388, pl. ix, fig. 4,
female (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). This species is said to be allied to C. orilus,
Butler, from Timor, the male of which is figured, and differs very
greatly from the female of C. ocellatus figured by Mr. Fruhstorfer.
151. CHaraxes (Haridra) Baya, Moore.
Bali (Doherty),
152. ProTHoE FRANCKII, Godart.
Bali (Doherty).
Family LEMONIID Aj.
Subfamily LisytTHzin2.
153. *LisytHea GEorFROYI, Godart.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sumba (Doherty ).
154. *LipyrHea NARINA, Godart.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
1897. | L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. 693
155. Lrpyraea Myrrua, Godart.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Iruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty).
Subfamily NemMrosrinz.
156. Zemeros FLEGYAS, Cramer.
Bali (Doher/y). Mr. Doherty spells this name “ phlegyas,” which is
classically more correct.
157. ZeMEROS RETIARIUS, Grose Smith.
Z. retiarius, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 505, n. 13 (1895); Z. strigatus
Pagenstecher, Jahr. des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 149, n. 88, pl. iii, fig. 5,
male (1896). ;
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Grose Smith and Doherty), Sumba
(Pagenstecher), Mr. Doherty recorded this species from Sambawa as
Z. phlegyas, but it was the present species he obtained, Z. retiarius at
that date (1891) not having been described.
158. AsIsaRA ecHERIUS, Stoll.
Bali (Doherty).
Family LYCAINIDAM.
159. Gerypus symMerHus, Cramer.
Bali, Lombok (Doherty), Lombok (Firuhstorfer). Myr, Elwes notes
that a male from Lombok has less white coloration on the upperside of
both wings than a male from Bali, which latter has less white again
than in specimens from Java. The females from all three islands are
similar.
160. *Gerypus TEOS, Doherty.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
161. Gerypus BorspuvaALl, Moore.
Lombok (F'ruhstorfer).
162. Gerypus acracas, Doherty.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty as a var. of G. boisduvali, Moore).
Mr. Elwes notes that he has carefully considered Doherty’s remarks
on this subspecies, and he would ignore the var. acragas. He has both
sexes of G. borsduvali from Perak, Java, Bali, Pulo Laut and Sambawa,
all of which are the same. He believes that G. crroratus, Druce, and
G. wrroratus, var. assamensis, Doherty, are synonyms. Mr. H. H. Druce
says that G. irroratus is inseparable from G. boisduvali, Moore,
duit. 88
694 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [ No. 4,
163. PaRAGERYDUS HORSFIELDI, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Elwes notes that two
pairs of this species in his collection from Bali agree better with Mr.
H. H. Druce’s figures of P. moorei (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 562,
pl. xxxi, figs. 5, male; 6, female), from Kina Balu mountain in North
Borneo, than with any of his (Elwes’) Malayan P. horsfieldi, but as the
type of this is probably the Javan form, and one in his collection from
Java is P. mooret rather than P. horsfieldi, it seems to him that if they
are distinct, which he doubts, it is the peninsular form and not the
island one which wants a new name,
Mr. Elwes wishes this note to remain as written, but de N icéville
would point out that Mr. H. H. Druce says that P. horsfieldi occurs in
Malacca, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, that the underside of P. moorei is
“pure white,” which is not the case in P. horsfieldi, and that specimens
from Bali in de Nicéville’s collection are P. horsfieldi and not P. mooret.
164. Loganta sp.
Sambawa (Doherty). The specimens received, so Mr. Elwes notes,
are not quite the same as L. marmorata, Moore, DL sriwa, Distaut,
I. massalia, Doherty, or DL. lahomius, Kheil, but he thinks it is impos-
sible to decide what it is without a thorough study of the whole group,
and the genitalia compared. Mr. de Nicéville has not seen these speci-
mens from Sambawa.
165. ZGarona sasopa, de Nicéville.
Bali (Doherty). One pair only received. Mr. Elwes notes that they
agree on the underside with Burmese specimens, the male, however, is
rather green than blue on the upperside. The female is so like the
figure of Z. zanella, de Nicéville, that whether these are the same
species or not, he has now but little doubt that Z, zanella is the female
of Z. jasoda.
166. Prraecops HyLax, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
167. NeopitHecops zaAumora, Butler.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
168. SpaALGis Epius, Westwood.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
169. Mectspa matayA, Horsfield.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). The tailed form only obtamed
| 1897.] L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 695
by us. Doherty does not say anything regarding the tails of the speci-
mens he captured.
170, Cuinapdes TRocHILUS, Freyer.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
171. Cyantris axasa, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty).
172. Cyaniris puspa, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
173. CYANIRIS MusINA, Snellen.
Lombok (fruhstorfer). Identical with Sumatran specimens.
174. Cyanirts HUEGELII, Moore.
Lombok (fruhstorfer). Identical with specimens from Java.
175. Cyaniris pLacipa, de Nicéville.
Lombok (fruhstorfer). This spevies is found also in Java and
Sumatra.
176. *Zizera Gatka, Trimen.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty records this species
under its synonym, Z. pygmsa, Snellen.
177. Zrzera otis, Fabricius.
Bali, Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Do-
herty records this species under its synonym, Z. lysizone, Snellen.
178. *Zizera LystMon, Hiibner.
Sumba ? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty records a third species of the
genus from Sumba, which can only be this we believe.
179. Lycanusrnes rrcantna, Felder.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer) .
180. *NrIPHANDA TESSELLATA, Moore.
Bali (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer spells the name “‘ tesselata,”
181. Evers arciapes, Pallas.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty
records this species under its synonym, H. parrhasius, Fabricius.
696 L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
182. NACADUBA MACROPHTHALMA, Felder.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
183. NacapDuBA HERMUS, Felder.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
184, Nacapuspa tauRA, Doherty.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfg), Sambawa (Fruh-
storfer), Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Fruhstorfer found this species very
commonly in Lombok. The female type specimen from Sumba is in
de Nicéville’s collection. The references to the figure given by Doherty
in the text of his paper, p, 182, n. 79 and p. 197 are incorrect, the
figure is n. 11, not 9, as stated by him.
185. *NacADUBA SUBPERUSIA, Snellen.
Lycena subperusia, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxix, p. 93, n. 2 (1896).
Sambawa (Snellen). Mynheer P. C. T. Snellen has described this
species in Dutch from Java and Sambawa. We are unable to recognise
it, not knowing that language, and it has not been figured. As he
compares it with Nacaduba perusia, Felder, from.Amboina (Felder),
Amboina, Celebes and Java (Snellen), we have placed it in that genus.
N. perusia, is very close to N. lawra, Doherty, the figure of the male of
the former almost entirely agrees with our specimens of the male of the
latter. Mr. de Nicéville thinks it probable that ZL. subperusia is the
same species as N. laura, Doherty, which certainly occurs in Sambawa.
186. NacapuBa noreta, Felder.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Wehave both the tailed and tailless forms from Bali, the Lombok form is
tailed, both forms are found in Sambawa, and we have no specimens from
Sumba, so cannot say whether the form occurring in that island is
tailed or tailless or both. Mr. Doherty records it under its synonym,
N. ardates, Moore, without remark.
187, NacapuBa aTRATA, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty),
188. *Nacapupa pana, de Nicéville.
Sambawa, Sumba (Donerty).
189. NacapuBa ancyra, Felder.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Samba (Doherty). Described by Doherty as
1897.] L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 697
a new species from S.-H. Borneo, Java and Enganoas N. pseustis, and from
Sumba as N. gawra. Other synonyms are N. aberrans, Elwes, Plebeius
subfestivus, Rober, Cupido almora, Druce, N. amaura, H. H. Druce, and
N. maniana, H. H. Druce. The species has an immense range, from
the Malay Peninsula to Australia and the Western Pacific. It is
apparently nowhere common, and but few specimens exist in collections,
which is probably the reason why various authors having obtained a
single example or so from a new locality have jumped to the conclusion
that it is a new species, and described and named it at once.
190. JamipEes BocHus, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
From Mr. Doherty’s notes it would appear that the Sumba form is dis-
tinct from the Sambawa one.
191. *JamMIDES NICOBARICUS, Wood-Mason and de Nicéville.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Itis a most unusual thing for two species
of Jamides to occur on one island, and we think that Mr. Fruhstorfer’s
identification of the present species must be incorrect.
192. Lamprpes aratus, Cramer.
Sumba (Doherty and Pagenstecher). Mr. Doherty described and
figured this species as L. masu, the type, a male, being in de Nicéville’s
collection. Mr. Doherty’s references to the figure of this species are
incorrect in the text of his paper, p. 184, n. 86, and p. 197, the figure is
n. 9, not 11 as stated. In his description Mr. Doherty does not say
from whence his specimens came, but the type male ticketed by Doherty
is from Sumba. He has written on the ticket “ Probably=L. aratus,
Cramer.” The type female is probably lost. Other synonyms are
_ Plebeius lucianus, Rober, Lampides cerulina, Mathew, and Lampides
etherialis, Butler.
193. Lampripes MarGcaArita, Martin. |
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). The Lombok female
and the Sambawa specimens (one pair) agree almost absolutely with
typical Sumatran ones (two pairs) in de Nicéville’s collection.
194. LaAmMPImpEs CELENO, Cramer.
~ Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty spells this name “ celeno.”
195. Lampipes expis, Godart.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
698 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [ No. 4,
196. *Lampipes anops, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty).
197. *Lamprpes scHarzi, Rober.
Sambawa (Pagenstecher). Dr. Pagenstecher’s reference to the plate
on which this species is figured is incorrect, it should be pl. iv, not
pl. x. It was originally described from Batjan. Herr Rober has sent
de Nicéville a female example from Goram. °
198. *LampipEs cLeopus, Felder.
Sumba (Pagenstecher).
199. *Lamerpes sapertri, Fruhstorfer. .
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).. The description of this species has not
reached us.
200. *LampipEs PATINKA, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (F'rwhstorfer). We have seen no description of this species.
201. CarocHrysops srraBo, Fabricius.
Bali (Deherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
902. CarocHRYSOPs CNEJUS, Fabricius.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty spells this
name “ cnetus.”
903. CatocHrysops PANDAVA, Horsfield,
Bali, Sumba (Doherty).
904. *Tarucus THEOPHRASTUS, Fabricius.
Sumba (Doherty).
905. Tarucus TeLicanus, Lang.
9
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). “ Papilio’
telicanus was described in 1789, “ Hesperia” plinius, Fabricius, which is
the same species, in 1793, so the former name has four years’ priority.
“ LTampides” cassiovdes and pseudocassius, Murray, is usually considered
by Australian entomologists to be a distinct species, but it is another
synonym. The butterfly has a very wide range, occurring in Central
and Southern Europe, almost throughout Africa, Southern Asia,
Formosa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Mr. Roland Trimen,
F. R. S., agrees with de Nicéville in considering 7. telicanus and
T. plinius to be synonymous.
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 699
206. CastTaLius ROsIMON, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
207. Casranius eruton, Doubleday and Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
208. Casranius roxus, Godart.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
209. PotyomMatrus Beticcs, Linneus.
Bali, Lombok, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Bali, Lombok ( Pruh-
storfer). Mr. Doherty spells this name “ beticus.”
210. *AmBLypopIA NARADA, Horsfield.
Sumba (Pagenstecher).
211. *IRaora TIMOLEON, Stoll.
Sambawa (Doherty).
212. *SuReENDRA QUERCETORUM, Moore.
Sambawa (Doherty).
213. SurenpRA vivARNA, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty):
214. *ARRHOPALA ARAXES, Felder.
Sumba (Doherty). Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper records
the species under A. amantes, Hewitson. We must await Mr. Bethune-
Baker’s monograph of this and allied genera before arriving at a final
identification of the Sumba form.
215. ARRHOPALA AMANTES, Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty). Mr. Elwes notes that the blue coloration on the
upperside of the hindwing extends more nearly to the outer margin
than in typical Indian specimens, thereby reducing the width of the
outer black border.
216. *“ARRHOPALA PSEUDOCENTAURUS, Doubleday.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
217. ARRHOPALA APIDANUS, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). Mr.
Doherty records this species as a ‘‘ var.” from Sambawa, and gives
700 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
Hewitson the credit of describing it. Doherty’s genus Flos cannot stand.
Mr. G. T. Betbune-Baker informs us that the only species of the
genus Arrhopala he possesses from these Islands is the ordinary form of
A. apidanus from Sambawa.
Mr. Fruhstorfer records two unnamed species of Arrhopala, and a
third unnamed species under the synonymic genus Narathura, all from
Lombok.
218, Coreris tHETIS, Drury.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty describes the
species from Sambawa and Sumba as C, malayica, Felder, var. kiritana,
Doherty. Females from Bali are fulvous and black on the upperside,
~ the white and black females appear to be confined to India, though
fulvous females are also found occasionally on the continent; fulvous
females alone are found in the Malayan Archipelago.
219. *CurReETIS INSULARIS, Horsfield.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
220. ILeRpA EPICLES, Godart.
Bali (Doherty). Both sexes agree with the typical form from Java,
and are quite distinct from the Sumatran form, I. ila, de Nicéville,
and the Indian and Western China form, which may perhaps stand as
I. phenicoparyphus, Holland, described from Hainan Island, though that
species cannot be identified under that name from the description and
rough figure alone, and we have seen no Hainan specimens. The type
is probably a female, not a male as stated.
221. AprHna#os LoHITA, Horsfield. .
Bali (Doherty).
222. TasuRIA TRAVANA, Hewitson.
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty).
223. *TasuriA LONGINUS, Fabricius.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
924. *TasuRIA DISCALIS, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Fruhstorfer in describing this species
in Societas Hntomologica, n. 7, July, 1897, gives no indication as to
what species it is allied.
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 701
225. Hyponycmna srpyius, Felder.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). This species
is apparently very common in Lombok.
226. HypoLtycHZNa ERYLUS, Godart.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Pagen-
stecher).
227. CHLIARIA SP., .
Bali (Doherty). Asingle male specimen received. Mr. Elwes notes
_ that the blue coloration on the upperside of the forewing reaches the
outer margin and comes nearer to the apex of the wing than in any
other species of the genus possessed by him, and that it is perhaps a
race distinct from C. othona, Hewitson.
228. Zettus erowus, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty).
229. CuHeERiITRA FREJA, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty).
230. HoraGa privicna, Fruhstorfer.
H. privigna, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 113 (1897).
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
931. *HoraGa BELLULA, Fruhstorfer.
H. bellula, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 114 (1897). ;
Sambawa (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
932. Marmessus RAVINDRA, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty).
233. LoxuRra ATYMNUS, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
‘Mr. Doherty credits this species to Linneeus.
934, ARAOTES LAPITHIS, Moore.
Bali (Doherty).
235. DEUDORIX EPIJARBAS, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Mr. Fruhstorfer spells this
genus “ Deudoryz.” |
J. 1. 89
702 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
236. Rapata vaRuNA, Horsfield.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fuhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Mr. H. H. Druce has recently shewn that R. orsets, Hewitson, is a
synonym of R. varuna, Horsfield. Mr. Doherty records both species in
his paper, a pair of R. orsets from Sambawa, and LR. varuna from Sam-
bawa and Sumba.. Whether or no he obtained two distinct species of
Rapala of this group in Sambawa it is impossible to say without seeing
his specimens.
237. RaApAwa SCHISTACEA, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
238. RaPaALA PHERETIMA, Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty).
239. Rapata surrusa, Moore.
Bali (Doherty). A single male obtained at 3,000 ft. elevation.
240. Rapata JARBAS, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty spells this name “‘ zarbas,” which is classically more correct.
241. RapaLa DELIOCHUS, Hewitson.
- Lombok (fruhstorfer).
242. SinTHUSA AMBA, Kirby.
Bali, Sambawa? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says he obtained a
species of Sinthusa in Sambawa, which was probably the above-named
species, though it may have been S. mualika, Horsfield,=S. amata,
Distant.
Family PAPILIONIDA,
Subfamily Prerinz.
243, Leprosia x1pHta, Fabricius.
Bali (Wallace as Pontia nina, Fabricius), Bali, Lombok (Fruh-
storfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Fruhstorfer refers to this
species from Lombok as L. xiphia chlorographa, Hiibner. This latter
species appears to us to be a pure synonym of LZ. aiphia. In his Bali
paper he spells the name “ ziphia.”
244. *Deias aguas, Linneeus.
Sambawa (Doherty). Mr: Doherty says that he saw two specimens
1897. ] L, de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 793
of D. pasithoé, Linneus, var. (which species according to Heinrich Ritter
von Mitis, who has monographed the genus, is a synonym of D. aglaia),
on Mount Haruhasa in Sambawa at nearly 5,000 feet elevation.
245. Dentas orata, Doherty.
Lombok ( Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, (Doherty). This species has been
figured by Grose Smith and Kirby in Rhop. Ex., pl. Deltas iii, figs. 5, 6,
male; 7, female (1893), and by Dr. Pagenstecher in Jahr. des Nass. Ver.
fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 123, n. 30, pl. ii, fig. 8, female (1896). Von
Mitis and Pagenstecher both treat this species as a var. of D. descombesi,
Boisduval, but in our opinion it is quite distinct. Dr. Pagenstecher’s
reference to Messrs. Grose Smith and Kirby’s plate is incorrect, it is
pl. iii, not pl. iv.
246. “Drtias GLAuce, Butler.
Bali (Doherty). Agrees exactly with specimens in our collections
from Sumatra, except that the black border on the upperside of the
hindwing in the male is a little narrower. It was originally described
from Borneo.
247. Denias HYPARETE, Linneus.
Bali (Doherty and Mitis), Lombok (Mitis), D. hyparete varietas ?
Sumba (Pagenstecher). We have not seen specimens of this species
from Lombok. Our Bali examples agree with Cramer’s figure of
D. autonoé in having on the underside of the hindwing a complete
series of seven vermilion spots placed between the veins in the middle
of the marginal black band.
248. *Denias rascrata, Rothschild.
D. fasciata, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. i, p. 662, n. 4 (1894); id., Grose Smith
and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., pl. Delias iv, fig. 1, female (1895); id., Pagenstecher, Jahr.
des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 124, n. 31, pl. iii, fig. 3, male (1896) ;
D. hyparete, Linnzeus, varietas?, Pagenstecher, Jahr. des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol.
xlvii, p. 56 (1894).
Sumba (Rothschild, Grose Smith and Kirby, Pagenstecher). Dr.
Pagenstecher in‘ his second paper says that he named this species
D. hyparete var. sumbana in his first paper, but we cannot find any re-
ference to that name therein, though he describes D. hyparete, varietas ?,
see n, 247 above. In his reference to his figure, p. 170, he gives
Grose Smith instead of Rothschild the credit of having first described
D. fasciata. The species does not appear to be in any way allied to
D. hyparete, as stated by Pagenstecher in his first paper. Messrs.
704 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
Grose Smith and Kirby suggest that D. fasciata is the female, and
D. sambawana, Rothschild, is the male of one and the same species.
But their figure of the female of D.fasciata is very different from:
Rothschild’s figure of the female of D. sambawana.
249. DeELIAS SAMBAWANA, Rothschild.
D. sambawana, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. i, p. 662, n. 5 (1894) ; vol. ii, pl. viii,
fig. 5, female (1895) ; id., Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhop. Ex., pl. Delias iv, figs. 2, 3,
male (1895).
Sambawa (Doherty, Rothschild, Grose Smith and Kirby).
250. *DELIAS PAGENSTECHERI, Fruhstorfer.
D. pagenstecheri, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., n. 14 (1895); idem, id., Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 8398 (1897); D. peribea [sic], Pagenstecher (nec Godart), Jahr.
des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p, 122, n. 29, pl. i, fig. 4, male (1896).
Sambawa (Fruhstorfer and Pagenstecher as D. peribea, sic!) From
Dr. Pagenstecher’s figure of this species it appears to be quite distinct.
In the text, p. 123, he says that he has figured a female, but at p. 170
he says a male; the latter is probably correct.
251. Depias MINERVA, Fruhstorfer.
D. minerva, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., n. 14 (1896) ; idem, id., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch.,
vol. xli, p. 395, pl. ix, fig. 10, female (1897); D. sambawana minerva, id., Ber]. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 8 (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. de Nicéville has a pair of this species
oniy from Lombok. The female agrees precisely, except in being smaller,
with the figure of the same sex of D. sambawana, Rothschild ; the male,
however, differs from the figure of the same sex of that species on the
underside of the hindwing in having the ground-colour of a paler yellow,
less orange, shade, the black band within the submarginal series of
vermilion lunules and the marginal black band both much broader, and
the submarginal series of vermilion lunules half as broad.
252. *Detias Livia, Fruhstorfer.
D. peribea [sic] livia, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., n. 14, p. 115 (1896); idem, id.,
Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 396 (1897); idem, id., Berl. Hut. Zeitsch., vol. xlii,
p. 8 (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). We have not seen this species, nor has it
been figured. As D. minerva, Fruhstorfer, as well as D. livia, are at
best but local forms of D, peribea, Godart, from. Java, we think it
somewhat improbable that both should occur in one small island and be
distinct species.
1897. ] L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 705
Mr. Fruhstorfer refers to D. wallacei, Rothschild, from Bali, The
species was originally described from Celebes, and Mr. Fruhstorfer
probably meant that island when referring toit. Dr. A. G. Butler in
his revision of the genus, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., sixth series, vol.
xx, p. 153, n. 35 (1897), sinks D. wallacet under D. peribea,
Von Mitis records D. egialea, Cramer, from Bali and Lombok with
a query. We have seen no specimen of this species from either island,
and doubt its occurrence there.
253. CATOPSILIA CROCALE, Cramer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Neither
Doherty nor Fruhstorfer obtained the species in Bali, though it certainly
must occur there. We consider ©. crocale and C, catilla, Cramer,
which are usually kept distinct, to represent one and the same _ species.
Wallace records it from Lombok as Callidryas hilaria, Cramer, which
is another synonym. Mynheer M. C. Piepers in his latest paper on
the Migrations of Butterflies (Nat. Tijd. voor Ned.-Indié, vol. 1, pp.
198-253 (1897) says on page 219 that “ Papilio” pomena, Fabricius, is
the oldest name for this butterfly. Both P. pomona and P. crocale were
described in 1775, but as Cramer alone figured it, we prefer to use his
name.
254. CaTropsiILia scYLLA, Linneeus.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer and Wallace),
Sambawa and Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty credits this species to
Boisduval.
255. CATOPSILIA PYRANTHE, Linneous.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa
(Doherty). Dr. Pagenstecher records this species in his second paper as
CO. ehryseis, Drury, which is a synonym we believe of C. pyranthe. Hither-
to it has not been recorded from Sumba, though it almost certainly
occurs in that island.
256. Trrias HEeCABE, Linneeus.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok ( Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
In Dr. A. G. Butler’s recent revision of the genus J'erias from the
Old World (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., seventh series, vol. i, pp. 56-
82 (1898), no species is given from the islands treated on in this paper.
Our numerous specimens of the 7’. hecabe group from Lombok agree so
exactly with examples taken by de Nicéville in Hongkong of the wet-
season form that uo words can convey any impression as to the slight
706 L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, 8c. [No. 4,
almost imperceptible, differences that exist between them. But Dr.
Butler restricts 7. hecabe to Hainan Island, and to Southern China from
Hongkong Island to Tonkin, so he would probably give another uname
to our specimens from the Lesser Sunda Islands. In our opinion wet-
season 7’. hecabe from South China agrees with and is indistinguishable
from the only form of 7’. hecabe, which is the rainy-season one, found
in Lombok, and doubtless also in Bali, Sambawa and Sumba.
257. *TERIAS BLANDA, Boisduval.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Pagenstecher). Mr. Doherty says
he obtained “ several varieties ” of 7. hecabe, Linneeus, in Sambawa and
Sumba, which may include this species, but we have failed to recognise
it from the description.
Dr. A. G. Butler places 7. blanda as a synonym of true T. hecabe,
which, as noted above, he restricts to Hainan, South China and Tonkin.
But he keeps J. anemone, Felder, (with J. mandarina, De Lorza,
T. mariestit, Butler, 7. hybrida, Butler, and 7’. conneaiva, Butler, as
synonyms), as a distinct species from Japan, Chusan Island, and round
the south-eastern coast of China from Shanghai to Hongkong. The
dry-season form of the Hongkong T. hecabe is undoubtedly 7. mandarina,
and de Nicéville in Hongkong and Japan has caught every intergrade
between it and the broadly black-bordered T. hecabe. Therefore
de Nicéville thinks that Dr. Butler’s J. anemone is undoubtedly the
same species as true 7’. hecabe. |
258. 'TERIAS SILHETANA, Wallace.
Lombok (F'ruhstorfer). We have three females of this easily re-
cognised species from Lombok. Dr. Butler says that T. tecmessa, de
Nicéville, is a dry-season form of 7. silhetana, Wallace. This is not so,
if anything, it is a wet-season form with broad black borders. But
in North-Eastern Sumatra, from whence the types of 7. tecmessa came,
no dry-season forms of Terias occur, as the seasons are practically
wet ones all the year round.
259. *T'mRIAS VALLIVOLANS, Butler.
Bali (Fruhstorfer as ‘“‘ Hurema”’ vallivolans), Lombok (Fruhstorfer
as Terias vallivolans). This species was described by Butler in Ann.
and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth series, vol. xi, p. 420, n. 71 (1883), from
Mindanao in the Philippine Isles. Mr. Distant in Rhop. Malay.,
p. 306, n. 4, pl. xxvi, fig. 17, male (1885), describes and figures it from
Singapore, and says that he ‘“ Considers it probable that this is but
another variety of T. hecabe.” Since the above was in type Dr. Butler
has placed 1’. vallivolans under T. silhetana, Wallace.
1897. ] L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 707
260. *Terrtas sari, Horsfield.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
261. Terias t1LAHA, Horsfield.
‘Bali (Doherty).
262. *TeriAs LOMBOKIANA, Fruhstorfer.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Compared with T. tominia, Vollenhoven,
which latter is allied to the last-named species.
263. Terrtas DIVERSA, Wallace.
Bali (Doherty). We have a single female only, which has the
ground-colour white, by which character Dr. A. R. Wallace has differ-
entiated the female of this species. It is probably only an occasional
aberration of T. hecabe, Linneus, in which species such “sports” are
not very rare. Dr. Butler restricts this species to the Philippines,
though Dr. Wallace gave seven distinct localities for it,
964. TERIAS SP.
Sambawa (Doherty). A single male in Elwes’ collection. It is
allied to 7’. andersonii, Moore, and as in that species has black cilia, but
has all the markings on the underside fewer in number than usual. It
may be that species, but from a single example it is difficult to say.
Dr. Butler places 1’. andersonti as a synonym of TJ. suava, Boisduval,
which latter is, in his opinion, the Indian representative to T. hecabe,
Linneus. In Watson’s and de Nicéville’s opinion TJ. andersonii is a
very distinct species.
265. *Turias vacans, Wallace.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Originally described from Formosa and
North India. This species appears to be nothing but 7. leta, Boisduval,
the underside “ yellow.” Capt. HE. Y. Watson in his revision of the
Indian species of Terias was unable to recognise it with certainty. In
de Nicéville’s collection are specimens from Dehra Dun in N.-W. India,
which agree very well with the original description, and are only a
seasonal form of 1’. Jeta. Dr. Butler places it as synonym of T. lta.
966. TrrRias LIBYTHEA, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). Re-
corded by Doherty from Sambawa as T. drona, Horsfield, which is a
synonym.
708 Li. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
267. *TerRiaAs HARINA, Horsfield.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
268. Ixras REINWARDTI, Vollenhoven.
Bali (Doherty and Wallace), Lombok (Wallace and Fruhstorfer),
Sambawa (Doherty), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Mr. Elwes notes:—‘‘ I
have this species from Bali, Lombok, Sambawa and Flores. The males
vary but little. The female, however, from Sambawa is small, with
some orange coloration on the forewing and a trace of yellow on the
hindwing on the upperside, whilst those from Bali are orange-lemon or
white on the forewing, without any suffusion on the hindwing. The
name of I. kiihni, Rober, is given in the British Museum collection to
specimens from Bali, but I consider I. kiihni to be a synonym of
I. reinwardtit. [With reference to this last remark, both sexes of I. kwehnt
are figured from Wetter; it is an excellent species, and quite distinct
from I, reinwardtii.—L. de N.| I. venilia, Godart, is probably [certainly
—L. de N.]| another species. It has both wings yellow on the upperside,
and according to Fruhstorfer is confined to Hast Java.”
269. *Ixras BALIENSIS, Fruhstorfer.
I. baliensis, Fruhstorfer, Sooietas Hntomologica, n. 7 (1897); id., Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 9 (1897).
Bali (Fruhstorfer). Is this really distinct? It was described
from a single male. Mr. Fruhstorfer says it is intermediate between
I. reinwardtii, Vollenhoven, and I. kuehni, Rober.
270. *Ixras ventuia, Godart,
Sumba ? (Doherty), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Mr. Doherty records a
species near I. pirene (pyrene), Linneus, from the Sumba coast, several
times seen, but no specimen taken. Dr. Pagenstecher records I. venilia
from Sumba, which is probably the same species.
271. Hupyina temena, Hewitson.
Lombok (Wallace and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty), Sumba
(Pagenstecher).
272. *HUupHINA CoRONIS, Cramer.
Bali (Fruhstorfer). Probably the same species as the next,
“ Papilio” coronis having been described from China and the Coromandel
Coast.
273. Hupnina corva, Wallace.
Bali (Wallace and Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
1897.) L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 709
274. *Hopnina vaso, Doherty.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty, Oberthiir). This species
has been figured by M. Oberthiir in Etudes d’Entomologie, vol. xix,
p. 5, pl. iti, fig. 18, male (1894), as Pieris (Huphina) vaso. Dr. Pagen-
stecher in his second paper records this species from Sambawa as
“ Pierts”’ nerissa, Fabricius, which is a totally different species. Mr.
#ruhstorfer records it from Lombok as #. corva vaso.
275. Huventna sopirs, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer).
276. *Hurntna eirene, Doherty.
Sambawa (Pagenstecher), Sumba (Doherty). Dr. Pagenstecher in
his second paper places this species under “ Pieris” amalia, Vollen- |
hoven,
277. Huputna naomt, Wallace.
Lombok (Wallace and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). Dr.
Pagenstecher in his second paper places this species under “ Pieris”
amalia, Vollenhoven, which is, in de Nicéville’s opinion, a synonym of
Huphina lea, Doubleday. H. naomi is quite distinct from H. lea.
Some of our females of H. naomi from Lombok and one from Sambawa
respectively are very dissimilar, that sex from the former island
being usually extremely dark on both surfaces, so that the white ground-
colour of the wings is greatly obliterated, though others again are
almost as light as our Sambawa specimen. One might say that
the darkest females from Lombok are twice as dark as the light
female from Sambawa. Till large series of both sexes of all the
species of Huphina from all the islands can be compared, it is im-
possible to be sure how many distinct species or what seasonal forms
occur. In India H. nerissa, Fabricius, and its local race H. phryne,
Fabricius, are subject to extensive seasonal dimorphism, the form flying
in the rainy-season being extremely dark, while that flying in the dry-
Season is very light. Whether this phenomenon occurs in the Malayan
Archipelago or not we are unable to say.
278. *Hupuina suuia, Doherty.
Sambawa (Pagenstecher), Sumba (Doherty and Oberthiir), This species
has been figured by Doherty, by M. Oberthiir in Etudes d’Entomologie,
vol. xix, p. 5, pl. iii, figs. 11, males 17, female (1894), as Preris
(Huphina) julia, and by Dr. Pagenstecher in Jahr. des Nass. Ver.
fir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 119, n. 20, pl. i, fig. 2, male (1896), as Pieris
julia.
J. 11. 90
710 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. — [No. 4,
279. HUPHINA MENTES, Wallace.
Lombok (Wallace and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). Dr.
Pagenstecher records this species from Sambawa in his second paper as
‘“‘ Pieris” pitys, Godart, originally described from Java, and figured from
thence by Lucas, but given from Timor only by Dr. A. R. Wallace,
Mr. Fruhstorfer says that Pieris synchroma, Rober, from Flores and Alor,
both sexes of which are figured, and Pieris pitys, Snellen (nec Godart),
from Flores, are synonyms of H. mentes. Mr. Fruhstorfer keeps
H, pitys, Godart, and H. mentes, distinct, while Mynheer Snellen places
P. mentes as a synonym of P. pitys. This group of the genus is a very
difficult one, and till long series of both sexes from all the islands are
brought together and compared, the confusion at present obtaining
cannot be avoided.
280. Hupnina TAMAR, Wallace.
Bali ( Wallace and Doherty).
281. Beirnots sava, Sparrman.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa
(Doherty), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Recorded by Wallace from Bali and
Lombok as Pieris coronea, Cramer, which is a synonym.
282. Appras ALBINA, Boisduval.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Lruhstorfer), Sambawa; Sumba (Doherty).
Under Appias paulina, Cramer, a species strictly confined to Ceylon,
Mr. Doherty has the following note :—‘ T'wo forms [of the male] of this
very puzzling group occurred both in Sumba and in Sambawa. One
was all white, with only a slender dark marginal line, resembling
A. ulbina [this is typical A. albina]. The other had the hindwing and
the apex of the forewing bright ochreous-yellow below, resembling
A, lunkapura, Moore, but without the dark apex [on the upperside of
the forewing. In de Nicéville’s opinion A. lankapura is a synonym of
A. paulina, and is therefore found only in Ceylon]. It generally had
a black or gray discal spot on the forewing.” Dr. Wallace records
white females [de Nicéville’s Form I] from Lombok under ‘ Tachyris”
puulinau, Cramer. In Lombok three forms of the female occur, the
first is white on both surfaces, the second is white above and mostly
chrome-yellow below, the third is primrose-yellow on both surfaces.
Mr. de Nicéville calls the wholly white female Form IJ, and our Lombok
females agree well with the figures of “ Catophaga neombo, Boisduval, ”
in Moore’s Lep. Cey., vol. i, pl. 1, figs. 3a, 3b, female (1881). The .
female which is white above and mostly chrome-yellow below,
1897. ] L. de Nicéville—- List of the Butterflies of Buli, Sc. vik
de Nicéville calls Form II, and it is figured by Moore in Lep. Cey.,
vol. i, pl. li, figs. 1, la, female (1881), as the female of Catophaga
lankapura, Moore, though all the black markings in the Lombok
variety are not as strongly developed as in the Ceylonese form
figured. The female which is primrose-yellow on both surfaces
de Nicéville calls Form III, and it has been figured from Java in Hors-
field and Moore’s Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. C., vol. i, pl. iia, fig. 3, female
(1857), as Pieris neombo, Boisduval, and is almost certainly the Tachyris
albina, Boisduval, ab. flava [ flavia, Fruhstorfer, sic!] of Réber, Tijd.
voor Ent., vol. xxxiv, p. 282 (1891), from Flores, Kisser, Wetter and
Letti. It is not known if all three forms of the female occur also in
Bali, Sambawa and Sumba, but it is probable that they do. It must
be understood that the figures referred to above in Lep. Cey. do not
actually portray our Lombok specimens, but they are given here to
indicate the form of coloratiou displayed by them.
283. Appras Leis, Hiibner.
Appias ewrosundana, Grose Smith, Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 75 (1895); Tuchijris
sawela, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., vol. xi, n. 14, p. 115 (1896); idem, id., Berl. Knt.
Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 390, pl. ix, fig. 8, female (1897); Tachyris eurosundana sawela,
id., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 10 (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer and Doherty), Sambawa (Doherty and Grose
Smith), Sumba (Pagenstecher). Besides the two synonyms of A. lets
given above, others in de Nicéville’s opinion are Pieris galathea, Felder ;
Pieris amasene, Boisduval [nec Cramer]; Pieris agave, Felder; Pteris
zoe, Vollenhoven; Tachyris urania, Wallace; Tachyrts jacquinott,
Wallace [nec Lucas]; T'achyris alope, Wallace; Catophaga roepstorffii,
Moore; and T'achyris mata, Kheil. Dr. Pagenstecher records A. leis in
his second paper as Yachyris zoe, Vollenhoven, from Sumbha. Like
A. albina, Boisduval, the female of this species is trimorphic. We lave
received a good series of both sexes from Lombok, three females are
Form I, with tlie broad black band on the upperside of the forewing
not bearing the usual five white spots, and the underside being white,
this form having been named ab. umbratilis, Fruhstorfer, in Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 392 (1896), vol. xlii, p. 10 (1897) ; and three speci-
mens are Form II, with the underside of the hindwing yellow, which
is the ab. sawela, Fruhstorfer; Form IIT, with both wings on the upper-
side yellow, has not been received, but not improbably it is the ab.
citronella of Fruhstorfer, described in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 392
(1896), vol. xl, p. 10 (1897). Mr. de Nicéville does not propose to
criticise Mr. Fruhstorfer’s remarks on Appias albina, Boisduval, and
A. leis. The latter gentleinan has quite failed to understand those
712 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. [No. 4,
species, but his position is not singular, probably no two writers
think similarly on the subject, and it is only recently since de Nicéville
has written up the genus for the fourth volume of his “ Butterflies of
India, Burmah and Ceylon” that he has himself come to any definite
conclusion regarding them.
284. Apprias LyNcIDA, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhksterfer), Sambawa
(Doherty). Dr. A. R. Wallace records it from Bali and Lombok. Mr.
Doherty notes, “I have dubiously recorded Appias lyncida from Sam-
bawa.’’ We have since received it from that island.
285. *APPIAS PANDIONE, Hiibner.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
286. *AppiAS LEPTIS, Felder.
Lombok (F’ruhstorfer).
287. SALETARA NATHALIA, Felder.
Sambawa, Sumba? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty notes that eS Sumba
he obtained a female which he supposed to be that of A. (Saletara)
nathalia. )
288. HeEsomora GLAuctPeE, Linneus.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Fruhstorfer records this species from Bali and.
Lombok as H. javiiensis, sic! and guvuénsis, sic!, Wallace, a species
described in 1863, as “‘ Iphias”’ glaucippe, loc. var. (3) gavanensis, from
Java, but as Dr. Wallace dropped that name in his paper “On the
Pieridex of the Indian and Australian Regions,” published in 1868, we
have followed him, as our specimens from Java, Bali and Lombok hardly
differ from the typical race from India.
289. NEPHERONIA VALERIA, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Wallace, Doherty and
Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Our numerous specimens
from Bali, Lombok and Sambawa agree well with the original figure
of the male of this species from Java. Mr. Fruhstorfer in Berl. Ent.
Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 11 (1897), has described N. valeria suudana from
Lombok, but we do not consider the Lombok race to be distinct from
the Javan. Mr. Doherty says that a differeut species of Nepheronia is,
he thinks, found in Sumba.
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 713
Subfamily Papinioninz.
In this subfamily we have followed the order given by the Hon,
Walter Rothschild in ‘‘ Novitates Zoologice,” vol. ii, p. 167 (1890),
in his paper entitled ““A Revision of the Papilios of the Hastern
Hemisphere, exclusive of Africa.” As Elwes is not prepared to accept
Rothschild’s trinomial nomenclature for local races, de Nicéville has
raised all such to full specific rank while indicating in all cases what
Mr. Rothschild considers to be the parent species.
290. Trorpes nats, Doherty,
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Treated by Rothschild as a sub-
species of 7’. haliphron, Boisduval, the typical form of which is from
Celebes and the adjacent small islands. Mr. Rothschild does not
consider that ‘ Ornithoptera” naias, var. sambavana, Doherty, from
Sambawa, can be separated from typical O. nais from Sumba. Roths-
child spells the name “ sambawanus.” Dr. Staudinger has described
and figured this species as Ornithoptera socrates from Sambawa and
Wetter. Mr. de Nicéville has males only from Sambawa and Sumha,
which cannot be distinguished one from the other.
991, Trotwwes HELENA, Linneeus,
Bali (Doherty). The Bali form appears to agree with the typical
one from §.-E. Sumatra and Java. Given full specific rank by Mr.
Rothschild.
992. *TRoipes PRoPINQqUUS, Rothschild.
Sambawa (Rothschild). Described by Rothschild as a subspecies
of T. helena, Linneus.
293. TroipxEs sacirratus, Fruhstorfer.
Ornithoptera helena sagittatus, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., vol. xi, n. 15, p. 128
(1896) ; idem, id., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol, xli, p.377, pl, ix, fig. 1, female (1897) ;
idem, id., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xlii, p. 11 (1897).
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), We have seen males only of this sub-
species of 1’. helena, Linneus. They have no white internervular
streaks on the forewing on the upperside whatever. On the hindwing
the costal black band extends as far as the middle of the subcostal inter-
space, that is to say, there is a large golden-yellow streak anterior to
the first subcostal nervule ; there is usually only one submarginal black
spot in the first median interspace, which is joined to the marginal
black lunule, but in one specimen there is a small round isolated spot in
714 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
the first subcostal interspace. In de Nicéville’s collection is a single
male which agrees with the aberration pluto of Felder in having the
hindwing reddish-yellow (“ old gold”) instead of clear yellow. This
specimen has three pairs of faint whitish streaks between the veins on
the underside of the forewing, but none on the upperside. The ordi-
narily-coloured males do not differ from typical 7. helena, Linnzus.
This subspecies if distinct is based on the female sex, the one figured
by Fruhstorfer, which we have not seen.
294. *PApiLio or£ON, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty). Given full specific rank by Mr. Rothschild.
295. PapiLio ARISTOLOCHIA, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Our Bali males have four small
white spots beyond the discoidal cell of the hindwing as in some Javan
specimens of typical P. aristolochixw, some Javan specimens have them
twice as large, others but little larger; one Bali specimen has these
spots very faint on the upperside. The Bali form approaches the
Sambawan local race, which has only three small spots. Mr. Rothschiid
gives this species full specific rank.
296. PapiLio AUSTROSUNDANUS, Rothschild.
Sambawa (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that the Sambawa form
(which he calls P. aristolochizx, Linneeus, but Fabricius first described it)
is “normal,” but as it has only three discal small white spots on the
hindwing, it’ deserves a subspecific name. Mr. Elwes notes: “The
male of the Sambawa form is exactly like one from Camorta in the
Nicobar Isles in my collection. If this form must have a varietal name,
I think P. camorta, Moore, should be used.’ Described by Mr. Roths-
child as a local race of P. aristolochizw, Fabricius. Mr. de Nicéville has
not seen specimens from Sambawa.
297. PapiLio LOMBOCKENSIS, Rothschild,
P. aristolochiz lombockensis, Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. iii, p. 322, n.1 (18th
September, 1896); P. aristolochixw lombokensis, Fruhstorfer, Soc. Ent., vol. xi, p. 108
(1st October, 1896).
Sawela, Lombok Island, 1,000-2,000 feet (Doherty), East Lombok,
2,000 feet (Fruhstorfer). This form, which is treated by Mr. Roths-
child as a subspecies of P. aristolochise, Fabricius, has no white spots
on the disc of the hindwing, and is usually known as P. antiphus,
Fabricius. Mr. Rothschild in Nov. Zool., vol. 11, p. 252 (1595) notes
that his specimen of P. aristolochiz antiphus, Fabricius, from Lombock,
1897.] ‘Li. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, §c. 715
captured by Wallace, is of small size, but does not differ from certain
Bornean and Sumatran individuals. Subsequently, however, he elected
to give the Lombok form subspecific rank. Mr. Hlwes notes that
“P. antiphus is quite as good a species as many more, unless you can
show a complete series of intergrades between typical P. aristolochix,
Fabricius, and P. antiphus, Fabricius.” [Mr. Rothschild in treating
P. antiphus as a local race or subspecies of P. aristolochizse does not say
he has seen all intergrades between the typical forms of both, but he
notes that the latter has ‘“‘two, three, four, or five discal spots to the
hindwing,” which is very close indeed to the former which has no white
spots]. ‘I can distinguish my Lombok from Borneo, Sumatra and Nias
P. antiphus by the shape of.the anal spot on the underside of the ©
hindwing, and if it is a var., it isa var. of P. antiphus, and not of
P. aristolochiz.”
298. Papitio nyx, de Nicéville.
P. (Pangerana) nyz, de Nicéville, Aun. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., sixth series,
vol. xx, p. 225 (1897).
Bali (Doherty). This species is allied to P. nox, Swainson, from
Java. Females only have been obtained.
299. Papitrio sumBanus, Fruhstorfer.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty), Sumba (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Doherty
records this species as P. erichthonius, Cramer, which is the correct
classical spelling of erithonius, a synonym of P. demoleus, Linneus,
Mr. Fruhstorfer treats this species as a local race of P. demoleus.
Mr. Rothschild records it from Sambawa and Sumba as P. demoleus
sthenelinus, Rothschild. We have seen no Sambawa specimens, they
_may be distinct from the Sumba form, in which case Rothschild’s name
ean be used for that local race, the type of which is from Alor
Island. The description of P. swmbanus has not been published up to
the date of passing final proofs of this paper. In some of his letters
to de Nicéville, Fruhstorfer says he has named it P. pictus.
390. Pavitio DEMOLION, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Given full specific rank by
Mr. Rothschild.
301. Papinto PALAWANICUS, Staudinger.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Rothschild treats this’
species as a local race of P. helenus, Linnecus. From typical P. helenus
716 L. de Nicéville—List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
it appears to constantly differ in having the series of submarginal red
lunules on the underside of the hindwing in the male incomplete.
302. Papriio BIsERIATUS, Rothschild.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Rothschild gives this species
subspecific rank under P. helenus, Linneeus.
303. Papitio MEMNON, Linneus.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer). Given full specific rank by Mr.
Rothschild.
304. Papitio Merapu, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as a local race of
P. memnon, Linneus.
305. Papitio cLatHRatus, Rothschild.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer and Doherty), Sambawa (Doherty). This also
Mr, Rothschild places under P. memnon, Linnaus, as a local race.
306. Paprtio umMBRosos, Rothschild.
Sambawa (Rothschild). This is a local race according to Mr.
Rothschild of P. canopus, Westwood, from Northern Australia, It is
one of the most marked instances amongst the few that exist in the
islands treated in this paper of an Australian element in the butterfly
fauna. Mr. Rothschild has figured it in Nov. Zool., vol. ii, p. 342, pl.
viii, fig. 3, male (1895).
307. *Papmio suMBANUS, Rothschild.
Patadala in Sumba (Rothschild). Mr. Rothschild treats this as a
local race of P. canopus, Westwood. The female has been figured by
Dr. Pagenstecher in his second paper,
308. Papitio tHEeseus, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). A local race of P. polytes, Linneus, according to
Mr. Rothschild. Mr. Doherty spells the latter name “ polites,” which
is classically more correct. The female from Lombok is of the Form
II, which mimics P. aristolochi#, Fabricius. Mr. Rothschild notes that
“The Sambawa examples have the white band of the hindwing rather
narrower than specimens from other localities.”
1897.) L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Se. 717
309. *PapiLio NEUMOEGENI, Honrath.
Sumba (Doherty). This species was described by Doherty as
P, maremba, but Honrath’s name has priority. The latter writer
erroneously gave the habitat as Sambawa; it is found only in Sumbha.
M. Oberthiir has figured the male type example and described the female
in “ Btudes d’Entomologie,” vol. xix, p. 2, pl. ii, fig. 12, male (1894),
under Doherty’s name. Dr. Pagenstecher has written a note on it in
Hnt. Nach., vol. xxii, pp. 151-153 (1896). Mr. Rothschild gives it full
specific rank.
310. Papitio prrantuus, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), var., Sambawa
(Doherly). Mr. Rothschild separates off the Lombok and Sambawa forms
as a local race as P. peranthus fulgens, Rober, in which Mr. Fruhstorfer
follows him as far as the Lombok race goes. We are unable, however,
to trace any differences in either sex between typical P. peranthus from
Java, and P. fulgens from Bah, Lombok and Sambawa. In writing to
de Nicéville Mr. Fruhstorfer says that the Lombok and Sambawa form
will be described as P. transiens, Fruhstorfer, and the Alor form ‘as
P. peranthus phebus. The Tanah-Djampea form is P. peranthus interme-
dius, Snellen. None of these local races can in our opinion be separated
from the parent form.
311. Paritio aucrpiapEs, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty), One
specimen from Bali in de Nicéville’s collection agrees very closely with
Himer’s figure and description of his P. antiphates gavanicus from Java,
and both the Java and Bali forms are markedly different from the con-
tinental form in having the marginal markings on the upperside of
the hindwing entirely densely black, instead of black mixed with grey
powdering; other specimens from Bali are normal. Mr. Rothschild
treats this species as a local race of P. antiphates, Cramer.
312. *PAPILio HERMOCRATES, Felder.
Sumba (Pagenstecher). Mr. Rothschild considers this species to be ©
a local race of P. aristews, Cramer.
313. Paprnio saLuastius, Staudinger.
Sambawa, (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as a local race
of P. eurypylus, Linneus. Dr. Pagenstecher has figured it in Jahr.
des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol, xlix, p. 112, n. 12, pl. i, fig. i, male (1896).
J. i. .9)
718 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [ No. 4,
314. PAPILIO EURYPYLIDES, Staudinger.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer as eurypilus, sic! eurypilides, sic!) Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as a local race of
P. eurypylus, Linneus. Dr. Pagenstecher has figured it in Jahr.
des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p. 112, n. 13, pl. i, fig. 3, male
(1896). Mr. Rothschild notes that in Sambawa both P. sallastius and
P. eurypylides fly together.
315. Paprtio axon, Felder.
Bali (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as a local race of
P. eurypylus, Linneeus. <A single specimen received, which agrees exactly
with Javan examples. |
316. Papriyio sarPevon, Linneus.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). Mr.
Rothschild records P. sarpedon adonarensis, Rothschild, from Tambora
in Sambawa, but says that the four specimens he possesses ‘‘ Stand
exactly intermediate between P, adonarensis and Indian P. sarpedon in
the shape of the hindwing.” Our single specimen from Sambawa is
absolutely inseparable from typical P. sarpedon, The Bali and Lombok
form is also typical P. sarpedon, though Mr. Fruhstorfer refers the
Lombok form to P. sarpedon jugans, Rothschild. If Mr, Rothschild’s
local race P. adonarensis is retained, it must be restricted to specimens
from Adonara Island, from whence the type was obtained.
817. *Papinio Jucans, Rothschild.
Waingapoeng in Sumba (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as
a local race of P. sarpedon, Linneeus.
318. Paprtto aGaAMemynon, Linneeus.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer).
319. PaptLio ExiLts, Rothschild.
Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Treated by Mr. Rothschild as a local
race of P. agamemnon, Linneus.
Family HESPERIID A.
In this family we have followed the order given in the late Capt.
E. Y. Watson’s paper in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. ix, pp. 411-
437 (1895), entitled “A Key to the Asiatic Genera of the Hespertidx.”
1897. ] L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 719
320. CrLmNORRHINUS LEOCOCcERA, Kollar.
Bali (Doherty).
321. CELANORRHINUS SPILOTHYRUS, Felder.
Bali (Doherty). We have three specimens from Bali and one from
Mount Arjuno in Java which may constitute a distinct local race of
this species. They are, however, only distinguishable from typical
C. spilothyrus by the almost complete disappearance of the spots on the
underside of the hindwing. They have the costal spot of the forewing
on the upperside white instead of yellow, thus resembling Malabar and
not Ceylon specimens.
322.. CELENORRHINUS SATURATUS, Elwes and Edwards.
C. satwratus, Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. xiv, p. 120,
pl. xviii, fig. 6, male; pl. xxii, figs. 5, 5a, tegumen and clasp of male (1897).
Bali (Doherty).
323. CoLADENIA DAN, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (¥ruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
324. SaTaRupa DIR, de Nicéville.
Bali (Doherty). Originally described in the genus Daimio.
325. TAGIADES JAPETUS, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). This species was described as new from Sambawa
and Sumba by Doherty as Tagiades brasidas, which is a synonym of tlie
_ widely-spread 7’. japetus.
326. TAGIADES SAMBAVANA, Elwes and Edwards.
T, sambavana, Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. xiv, p. 148,
pl. xx, fig. 10, male ; pl. xxii, fig. 14, clasp of male (1897).
Bali, Sambawa (Doherty). Generally this species resembles 7. atti
cus, Fabricius, but has in the male the tibial pencil of hairs brown
instead of yellowish-white, and a different form of clasp, which has
been figured; and sometimes (not always) with two white points
placed one above the other near the apical third of cell la (the sub-
median interspace) in the forewing on the upperside.
327. *TaciapEes ATTIcUs, Fabricius.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). This may be the last-named species,
720 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. [No. 4,
328. OponrTOPTILUM ANGULATA, Felder.
Bali (Dohesty), Lombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer), Sambawa
(Doherty). Achlyodes sura, Moore, is a synonym of this species. Mr,
de Nicéville has caught O. angulata in Hongkong, from whence it was
originally described, and these Chinese specimens agree absolutely with
Indian ones. |
329. *OponTorTiLuM HYPERIDES, Doherty.
Sambawa (Doherty). Described as Abaratha hyperides.
330. *ODONTOPTILUM SP.
Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that a species allied to his
Abaratha hyperides, but more like A. angulatus [sic!], Felder, was found
in Sumba, but no specimens have survived.
331. CAPRONA SYRICHTHUS, Felder.
Bali, Sumba (Doherty).
332. Sancus puttiao, Mabille.
Bali (Doherty).
333. KORCTHATALOS XANITES, Butler.
Bali (Doherty). K. hector, Watson, has the orange band on the
upperside of the forewing narrow, K. anites has it broad.
334. KoruTHarALOs HECTOR, Watson.
Bali (Doherty).
335. Suastus Tripura, de Nicéville.
Bali (Doherty). Originally described in the genus Tagiades.
336. *Suasrus cutton, Doherty.
Sumba (Doherty).
337. TARACTROCERA-ARCHIAS, Felder.
Bali (Doherty), Vombok (Doherty and Fruhstorfer); Sambawa,
Sumba (Doherty). This species is better known as J'aractrocera nigro:
simbatus, Snellen.
338. AmpiTriA MARO, Fabricius.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Mr. Doherty notes that he is
doubtful of the identity of his Sambawa and Sumba specimens with the
dndiau form,
1897.] L. de Nicéville — List of the Butterflies of Bali, Sc. 721
339. Isma vutso, Mabille.
Pamphila vulso, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. xxxvii, p. 55 (1898).
Bali (Doherty). Originally described from Java. The type of the
genus Isma is I. obscura, Distant, which is congeneric with the more
recently described ‘ Isoteinon’’ tapis, de Nicéville, that species having
been taken by Watson to be the type of his genus Lophoides. The
genus Jsma has seven years priority over Lophoides. Messrs. Elwes and
Edwards incorrectly give Isma as a synonym of their genus Scobura.
340. ZoGRAPHETUS DuRGA, Plotz.
Sambawa (Doherty).
341. Inessa 1n10n, de Nicéville.
I, ilion, de Nicéville, Journ. A. 8S. B., vol. Ixvi, pt. 2, p. 571, n. 25, pl. iv,
fig, 33, male (1897).
Lombok (fruhstorfer).
342. Marapa arta, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Frwhstorfer).
343, Matapa SHALGRAMA, de Nicéville.
Bali (Doherty).
344, ERIONOTA THRAX, Linneeus.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa ( Doherty).
345. GANGARA THYRSIS, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty).
346. Htpari rrava, Moore.
Bali ( Doherty).
347. NoTOCRYPTA FEISTHAMELII, Boisduval.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty),
This is probably the species Mr. Doherty recorded from Sambawa and
Sumba as Plesioneura restricta, Moore.
348. Notocrypta aupirascta, Moore.
Bali (Doherty). Originally described from Hatsiega in Upper Te-
nasserim. Mr. de Nicéville has not seen specimens from Bali, so does
not kuow if they are typical or not.
722 L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, ce. [No. 4,
349. UDpDaspes FOLUS, Cramer.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty).
350. CuprITHa PURREEA, Moore.
Bali (Doherty).
351. Teticota aucias, Linneus.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). |
352. TrLICOTA BAMBUSH, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer ).
353. Ternicota (Padraona) cota, Moore.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
354, Trxicota (Padraona) para, Kollar.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
This is probably the species recorded from Sambawa and Sumba by
Doherty as Tilicota | Telicota| mssoides, Moore. This last de Nicéville
has never been able to satisfactorily descriminate, but it is almost cer-
tainly a synonym of 7. dara, and Messrs. Elwes and Edwards sink it
under T’. dara.
355. ™ OcyBADISTES MARNAS, Felder,
Sumba (Pagenstecher). Originally described from Amboina. It is
unknown to de Nicéville, but certainly is not a true Pamphila. Messrs.
Elwes and Edwards place it in the genus Telicota, but Mr. Heron in
1894 made a new genus for its reception.
356. Hare nomoLea, Hewitson.
Bali (Doherty).
357. Hare zemMa, Hewitson,
Bali (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that an unidentified species of
Halpe occurs in Sambawa.
358. Parnara (Chapra) matutias, Fabricius.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
359. Parnara (Chapra) BRUNNEA, Snellen.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer).
1897. | L. de Nicéville— List of the Butterflies of Bali, Se. 723
360. Parnara (Chapra) sinensis, Mabille.
Bali (Doherty). Better known perhaps as Chapra prominens,
Moore, which is a synonym.
361. PARNARA CONJUNOTA, Herrich-Schiffer,
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty). Given by
Doherty under its synonymic name, Parnara narooa, Moore.
362. Parnara conticua, Mabille.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). This
species is better known as Parnara toona, Moore.
363. PARNARA COLACA, Moone:
Bali (Doherty), Lombok ( Fruhstorfer).
364, ParNnaRA GUTTATUS, Bremer and Grey.
Bali (Doherty ).
365. *Parnara TULSI, de Nicéville.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer). Mr. Doherty says that “ Two unidentified
species of Parnara occur in Sumbawa,” one of which is probably P, conti-
gua, Mabille.
366. IsmMENE IONIS, de Nicéville.
Lombok (Fruhstorfer), Sambawa (Doherty). This.species was ori-
ginally described from Western Java and Sambawa in Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. ix, p. 403, n. 49, pl. Q, fig. 61, male (1895). The
female from Lombok (hitherto undescribed) is the same expanse as the
male; on the upperside of both wings the base is clothed with ochreous
‘instead of orange-yellow sete; the forewing has no sexual brand; on the
underside the hindwing has the discal band much broader than in the
male, and pure dazzling white instead of purplish-white. Mr. Fruh-
storfer has sent two males and a female from Lombok to de Nicéville.
367. *Ismene 1LusKa, Hewitson.
_ Sumba (Pagenstecher). Dr. Pagenstecher records this species from
Sumba as J. illusca [sic! ]. Ismene iluska was originally described from
Macassar in Celebes. Itis probable that Dr. Pagenstecher’s specimens
are really I. ions, de Nicéville. See No. 366 ante.
368. Hasora BADRA, Moore.
Bali (Doherty), Lombok (F'ruhstorfer), Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty ).
724 B. B. Osmaston — Social Instinct in the Common Babbler. [No 4,
369. *Hasora (Parata) cnaromus, Cramer.
Sumba (Doherty). Recorded by Doherty as Parata malayana,Felder,
which is said to be a synonym of H. chromus, Cramer.
370. Hasora (Parata) simpricitsstmA, Mabille.
Bali, Sambawa? Sumba? (Doherty). Mr. Doherty says that a
second species of “‘ Parata”’ occurs both in Sambawa and Sumba which
he did not identify. Itis probably the present species,
371. Brpasts SAMBAVANA, Elwes and Edwards.
B. sambavana, Elwes and Edwards, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. xiv, p. 305,
pl. xxvii, fig. 96, clasp of male (1897).
Sambawa (Doherty)
372. BADAMIA BXCLAMATIONIS, Fabricius.
Bali, Sambawa, Sumba (Doherty).
373. RHOPALOCAMPTA SUBCAUDA'TA, Felder.
Bali (Doherty).
—~SO ree
~~
On the manifestation of Social Instinct in the Common Bahbler (Crateropus
canorus).—By B. B. Osmasron, Indian Forest Service. Communicated
by the Natural History Secretary.
[Received November 25th ; Read December Ist, 1897.]
The existence of a ‘‘ moral sense’ in animals is so often questioned
that I feel bound, in justice to the birds, to _put on record an account of
a scene of which I was a witness, which seems to prove that in some
kinds of birds at least social instinct at all events is present in a highly
developed form.
In the summer of 1895 I caught and trained a young “Shikra,”
the Indian Sparrow Hawk, (Astur badius), to catch Mynahs and other
small birds. One morning in August, while walking round my garden
with the Shikra on my hand I saw a party of “seven sisters” (the
Jungle Babbler, Orateropus canorus) feeding on the ground. At my
approach they all flew up into a tree, and as I came still nearer they
began to fly across one by one to another tree, I threw the Shikra up at
oue of them, which she succeeded in capturing after a short chase, bring-
ing it down to the ground in her firm grip. The rest of the Babblers,
_1897.] F, Finn— Notes on various species of Grebes. 725
however, hearing the cries of their captured “ sister,” came down to the
rescue without the slightest show of hesitation, and in a shorter time
than it takes to tell were engaged in a spirited attack on the Hawk,
apparently using both beak and claws in their effort to make her
relinquish her hold. |
The result was unexpected, for before I could reach the spot the
Shikra had let the Babbler go and had taken refuge in a. neighbouring
bush, whilst the “seven sisters”? not improbably rather elated at the
success of their plucky little affray, collected together in a mango tree
and poured forth volumes of abuse at the head of their vanquished
enemy.
Notr.—Since writing the above I have many times flown a Shikra at C. canorus
always with the same result, viz., that so long as I kept out of the way the Babblers
would attack the Hawk en masse and give her a real ‘bad time.’ I never let them
actually rescue their ‘ sister,’ as it would have been very demoralizing for the Hawk,
but I have not the least doubt but that they would have succeeded in making it so
warm for the Hawk that she would have been only too glad to let go and be off.
More than once she had begun to utter her cries of alarm, preparatory to letting go,
when I arrived on the scene and drove off the Babblers On one occasion I ran
up quickly and actually caught a Babbler on the Hawk’s back (the Hawk having
another Babbler in her claws) holding on so firmly that I had the greatest difficulty
in making it leave go! I think therefore I have fairly proved now that Jerdon’s
attribution of cowardice to this species (Birds of India, vol. ii, pt. i, p. 62), is not
always correct. 5. BO.
Notes on various species of Grebes, with especial reference to the power of
walking and digestion possessed by these birds.— By F. Finn, B. A.,
F. Z. S., Deputy Superintendent of the Indian Museum.
[Received November 25th; Read December Ist, 1897.]
The remarkable birds forming the family Podicipedide of ornitho-
logists have long possessed for me especial interest, and I venture here-
with to record my observations on several of the species, which I have
had the good fortune to study in captivity, and thus to observe under
- conditions which have, I hope, enabled me to set at rest some doubts
concerning certain particulars in their economy.
I shall follow wherever possible the nomenclature and arrangement
of Mr. H. E. Dresser, who in his Birds of Europe, Vol. VIII, has given
excellent figures and accounts of most of the species with which I shall
here have occasion to deal.
J. 11. 92
726 F. Finn—Notes on various species of Grebes. [No. 4,
1. Podiceps cristatus. The Great Crested Grebe.
In January 1896 I procured from the Calcutta Bazaar a fine speci-
men of this species, which, however, had its legs broken or dislocated
at the hock. In consequence of this, though the feet retained their
normal position,-it was quite helpless on land, and could only paddle
very feebly in the water.
I nevertheless kept it for some days closely confined in a small
cage, in the hope that the injured limbs might recover, but although
the bird after a day or tiwo fed well upon fish, and seemed strong and
lively, its feet got no better, and when I ultimately turned it out on the
Museum compound tank it soon disappeared, having probably drifted
ashore and been stolen, or fallen a prey to some jackal.
When confined, though as above noted, it took ordinary fish readily
(I have seen it eat a dozen as long as large sprats and thicker, and then
want more) it did not seem to like prawns, nor would it eat a small
siluroid fish which I offered. |
On two occasions I saw it deliberately eat one of its own feathers
which came out while it was pluming itself, an operation in which, |
like Grebes generally, it was exceedingly assiduous,
It did not, however, reproduce either feathers or fish-bones in the
form of “castings,” as suspected by Yarrell (British Birds, Vol. IV,
p. 121, Fourth Edition); I am certain of this, having had the bird
under such close observation. I did, however, notice that its excrement
was gritty, as if containing particles of comminuted bone; and IJ think
that anyone who reads the evidence given on this point by Thompson
in his “ Birds of Ireland,” Vol. III, pp. 173-189 (reference given by
Yarrell loc. cit.) will agree with me that there is every reason to believe
that this points to the conclusion that no castings are formed, and that
feathers and bones are either actually digested or passed out in a com-
minuted condition.
This bird was of course in winter plumage, but kept its short ruff
and ear-tufts expanded when in the cage. It had the bill pink’ except
the upper chap at the tip along the ridge and down to the nostrils where
it was dark lead-colour. . The iris was brilliant red.
Owing to the crippled condition of the bird I was unable to make
any observations as to the power of walking in this species; but this
deficiency I was able to supply when at home on leave last October, a
young bird having been acquired by the London Zoological Gardens.
This specimen, as my own had been, was very savage, drawing blood
freely from my hands when I attempted to make it move. Although
inclined merely to squat and shove itself along, it could and did walk, but
with reluctance, and for a short distance only, standing up on its toes
1897.] F. Finn—Notes on various species of Grebes. 727
and waddling along very clumsily. It frequently used its wings to
aid it when running, these being full-grown, though the head was still
covered with variegated down, already indicating the form of the orna-
mental plumage on this part.
Some years ago, also in the London Zoological Gardens, I was able
to observe the specimen of the large American Grebe, Podiceps (Aechmo-
phorus) major, which the Society then possessed. This also seemed
able to advance only a few steps at a time, waddling along a little
way, and then flopping down on its breast, although it had been some
time in the gardens, and was presumably in good health and not
cramped or frightened; the latter conditions obtaining to a certain extent
in the case of the Great Crested Grebe above alluded to, for this was
better on its legs the second time I saw it.
Podiceps nigricollis. The Hared Grebe.
Harly in the present year on February 11th, I got a male individual
of this species from the Calcutta Bazaar, a sufficiently remarkable
locality for it. This bird was weakly, and I found it dead on the third
day after I obtained it, though it had fed freely on small prawns and
fish. It was gentle and did not peck. Though I had it for at least one
night in a cage, I found no “castings ;” yet, as in the case of the large
species, I twice saw it eat one of its own feathers, It walked freely,
several yards at a time, in an erect position, as stated by Dresser, who
correctly figures it and other Grebes in this attitude. It had the bill
lead-grey, dark on the ridge down to the nostrils, and whitish at the
base and on the under surface of the mandible. The iris was reddish
orange, with a yellowish-white inner ring, and the feet olive-leaden,
dark on the under surface of the toes and the outer side of the shank.
The specimen (22115 in Bird Register) has been stuffed in the
standing attitude for the Bird gallery in the Museum.
Podiceps fluviatilis. The European Dabchick.
I once observed the gait of this bird on land, in the case of a
specimen confined in the aviary in the Fish-House at the London Zoo-
logical Gardens. It walked on its toes in the ordinary manner of birds,
with an awkwardness which reminded me at the time of a diving
duck, only in this case it was even more marked, as might be expected,
I have often observed this species in a wild state, and have once seen it
half run, half fly, over a narrow strip of grassy ground between two
ponds; otherwise I never saw it ashore when wild. But to argue
from this that it cannot walk would be like denying the cat the power
of swimming because this beast is proverbially averse to water.
728 F. Finn—WNotes on various species of Grebes. - [No. 4,
Podiceps albipennis (Sharpe). The Indian Dabchick. |
I have had many examples of this species of various ages, and
have consequently had ample opportunities of observing it. It fre-
quently remains standing up for some time, and walks and runs about
quite actively, and can even jump a little, helping itself frequently when
running with its wings. Some specimens are less ready and able to
walk than others and more inclined to shove themselves along when
squatting, but I attribute this to fatigue or to flurry caused by fright,
Any bird which is a clumsy walker normally will naturally blunder
in its gait when hurried.
In the early part of December 1895, I got from the Bazaar a
young specimen of this bird which I kept for some time in a cage,
letting it out to swim and feed in any convenient receptacle for water,
from an earthern pot to a large masonry tank. It soon became remark-
ably tame, and before I had had it a week was inclined to follow me
about, and seemed restless when confined and unable to get to me. I
have let it out in my room and have had it come and squat down by
-my feet. In fact, when the photograph* exhibited (which I owe
to the kindness of Mr. T. H. Holland of the Geological Survey) was
taken, I could not get the bird to stand still unless my hand was near.
At the same time it exhibited much fear of natives, diving in fright
when they approached, when it would let me lift it out of the water in
my hand. In addition to intelligence, it showed much courage, on two
occasions attacking a dog, and once a Scissor-billed Tern, which easily
beat it off: the dog of course had not the chance of retaliating allowed
it. Its power of resisting injury was also remarkable; on three
occasions (twice within a few minutes) it fell at least a yard on to a
stone or concrete floor, and was not hurt, though it did not attempt to
save itself with its wings.
The quills on these were not quite grown when I got it, and the
head was likewise covered with variegated down. While I had it con-
fined 1 never saw it bring up “castings,” nor has this been the case
with any of this species that I have kept; nor did I see any feathers
swallowed by them, even in the case of a moulting bird.
I ultimately turned this bird out on the tank of the Museum com-
pound, where after remaining tame for a day or two, it speedily became
wild, It was inclined to associate with a Coot, which did not appear
to be anxious for its society; but towards the ducks I from time to
time put on it exhibited what looked very like animosity, attacking
* This is not clear enough for reproduction,—most unfortunately, as it shows
the bird in its normal standing position ; 4.e., on its toes like an ordinary bird ;
though I have seen it also in the plantigrade posture.
1897. | -F. Finn—Notes on various species of Grebes. 729
them at first most vigorously. I fancy, however, that this was merely
juvenile mischief, for it became more peaceable as it grew oldev.
When I placed the Great Crested Grebe above alluded to on one
occasion on the tank, its small relative hastily approached, and diving
below, could be easily seen through the clear water to come and peck
the large bird’s toe, rising to the surface out of reach.
It hunted insects and crustaceans when at large, as well as fish,
and appreciated a varied diet of these when in captivity. It often came
out on toa piece of brickwork, especially at first, to plume itself, and
I have even seen it resting there,
I never saw this or any other specimen use its wings when diving
when performing this action it used both feet together, while in swim-
ming it moved by alternate strokes.
This bird had lost nearly all its quills towards the end of January.
1896, though they had only recently been fully developed. By this
time also the head appeared to be feathered. On the 2nd February
the quills were nearly grown again, as I find from my notes then taken.
In the following month (March) I procured an adult, and turned
this also out on the tank, and the two soon became friendly. I ob-
served before turning out the new bird that, although hungry, and
searching for food with its head under (a common action) in the water
in which I placed it, it nevertheless refused to eat a sharp-toothed Goby ;
it took, however, a spider and some mole-crickets. At the end of
March I noticed that this specimen also had moulted all its quills, so
that this must be the usual mode of moulting in this species of Grebe
at all events.*
Soon after this I went to the Andamans, and on my return could
not distinguish with certainty my old pet from the new dabchick.
I did see, indeed, one of them make a Whistling Teal fly out of the
water ; and if this were the young bird at its accustomed mischief, it
had by this time advanced nearly into full breeding plumage, which
was not the case with the other bird; but this is, I should think,
unlikely.
After this one of these dabchicks disappeared. I often saw one
fly short distances in the evening, and noticed that it alighted “ any-
how,” letting the feet trail behind all the time, and not putting them out
in front like a duck or gull.
* T have observed a similar complete moult of the qnills in the Common Coot
(Fulica atra) the Waterhen (Gallinula chloropus) and in a species of Porphyrio. In
the case of the Coot the observation has been previously made by St. John (Natural
History and Sport in Morayshire), but I noticed it independently on the tank
here. The Moorhen I noticed in St, James’ Park in 1897, and the Porphyrio in the
Calcutta Zoological Gardens.
730 F. Finn—WNotes on various species of Grebes. « [No. 4, 1897.
One of the birds, I think the same, remained on the tank for at
least a year after this, but ultimately disappeared. As before indicated,
I have had other specimens, and noted in these also the power of
walking denied to the Grebes by some observers. On two occasions I ex-
perimented with some in order to find if they could rise off the ground
and get on the wing. The results of the experiments have left me
somewhat in doubt on this point. In the first case a bird let loose
on a lawn was able to raise itself a foot or so from the ground, and I
note that it “ could evidently have flown off if in good form.” This
was early in the present year, and the other day I repeated the ex-
periment with another bird, which could hardly clear the ground, but
it was, I think, in a weak state at the time, for it could not walk
far at a time, and when turned out on the tank came ont of the water,
a thing | have seldom seen a healthy Dabchick do. In fact, I believe
these birds sleep in the water from what | have seen.
The iris in this species is brownish yellow, but I noticed that in my
young bird it was hazel at first, and ina still younger one, downy all
over, and with no feathers on the wings, it was brown.
The beak is buff, black along the ridge, and green at angle of
mouth.
——eeeeeEeeeeOeeeOEOeeEeeOeeOeeee5<053w rr eee5_ee eee _eeeleeeeeeeeeees
INDEX.
Names of New Genera and Species have an asterisk (*) prefixed.
Abaratha hyperides, 720
Abauria ewcelsa, 167
Abisara echerius, 693
Abrus, 23, 31, 34
» acutifolius, 35
», levigatus, 35
» melanospermus, 85
» minor, 34
» pauctflorus, 34
» precatorius, 34
» pulchellus, 34, 35
Acacia, 30, 238, 248, 255, 506, 507, 607
» arrophula, 250, 510, 611
» biceps, 246
» ceaesia, 249, 510, 511
9 Canescens, 510
var. macrocarpa,
511
» Careyana, 515
» Catechu, 508, 509, 510
» catechuordes, 508, 509, 510
» densa, 507
» eburnea, 506
» elata, 260
» Farnesiana, 248
» foliolosa, 255
» frondosa, 246
» glauca, 246
» graveolens, 241, 506
» tndica, 249
» wmopinata, 507
» Intsia, 249, 250, 510, 611
», Kaeringa, 266, 517
» Kingii, 506
» Lebbek, 258
» lebbekoides, 513
» leucocephala, 246
» lewcophloea, 507
var. densa, 507
»» microcephala, 507
» lomatocarpa, 259
» marginata, 256
»» | microcephala, 507
» mollis, 514
» myriophylla, 255
» ° odoratissima, 259
», oxyphylla, 510
» pennata, 248, 249, 250, 510
var. arrophula, 250, 510
canescens, 510, 511
510,
” 3)
” ”
” »”»
) ” LP)
Acacia, pennata, var. macrocarpa, 510
pluricapitata, 250,
510
» planifrons, 506
» pluricapitata, 250
» polycephala, 250
» procera, 260
» pruinescens, 249, 250, 511
A. 5 var. lxvis, 511
» pseudo-Intsia, 248, 249, 510, 511
” ” » var. ambigua, 249,
511
typica, 249, 511
” ” ”
99 ” 99
» Roweburghi, 506
» Senegal, 510
» Strissa, 258
» Smithiana, 256
» speciosa, 268
»» stypulata, 256
» Suma, 508, 509, 510
» Sundra, 508, 509, 510
Acacizm, 23, 30, 238, 507
Acampe, 592
Achlyodes sura, 720
Acrza, 631, 636, 637, 640, 641, 642, 667
» andromacha, 670, 682
», wviolz, 631, 667
ACRAEINA, 682
Acridotheres tristis, 664, 667
Acrocarpus, 506
5 fraxinifolius, 506
Adamia chinensis, 298
» cyanea, 298
» versicolor, 298
Adenanthera, 30, 237, 242
4 bicolor, 243
” borneensis, 244
”» pavonina, 243, 244
| ADENANTHEREZ, 23, 30, 237
Adolias aegle, 688
» palguna, 688
Aechmophorus major, 727
Aischynomene, 27, 34, 82, 88, 127, 367
‘ aspera, 83, 128, 368
3 bispinosa, 369
i cannabina, 83, 368, 369
a diffusa, 128
45 indica, 128, 129
ie » var. aspera, 129
is paludosa, 83, 367, 368, 369
732 Index. im :
Aischynomene picta, 367
bs pumila, 128
. Rowsburghit, 128
*: Sesban, 367
Ne spinulosa, 369
a trachyloba, 129
Cail uliginosa, 83, 367, 868, 369
viscidula, 128
ANscHYNOMENER, 27, 33
Afzelia, 29, 158, 202, 206, 207, 209, 480,
494
» Bakeri, 209, 494
» . bijuga, 207, 208, 209, 217, 493,
494,
» coriacea, 206, 482, 494
» palembanica, 206, 207, 208, 209,
482, 494,
retusa, 207, 494
Aganope, 33, 79, 97, 98, 109, 417, 455, 464
‘3 flor ibunda, 100, 463
5 macrophylla, 79
Agati, 82, 84, 366
» grandiflora, 84
Agelxa, 2, 17, 20
», Diepenhorstii, 20
* ,, eulletii, 17,19
* |, pinnata, 17, 18, 19
» vestita, 17, 19
Wallichii, 14, 18, 19, 20
Albiszia, 30, 238, 258, 254, 507, 511, 514,
515, 517
i bubalina, 267, 516
» elegans, 512, 513
» fasciculata, 270, 271, 516
» Gamble, 513
» glomeriflora, 514, 517
» dulibrissin, 514
A var. mollis, 514
nA Kalkora, 511
Pa latifolia, 258
» Lebbek, 254, 257, 511, 512, 518,
514
» lebbekoides, 512, 513
» littoralis, 254, 257, 512
» lucida, 254, 260, 514
» micrantha, 259
» Millett, 513, 515
» mollis, 514 :
» myriophylla, 254, 515
», odoratissima, 254, 259, 261, 513
» pedicellata, 254, 258, 512, 513
» ‘procera, 254, 259, 513, 514, 515
4 » var. elata, 513
» splendens, 264, 516
» wsstipulata, 254, 255, 518, 514,
615
var. Smithiana, 515
stipulis — persis-
tentibus, 256
y ¥j », typica, 256, 515
is » vegeta, 256
+) ”» ”»
Albizzia Teysmanni, 515
», tomentella, 514 -
», wumbrosa, 253
Alhagi, 377, 378
» camelorum, 377
» graecorum, 378
» Kirghisorwm, 378
» mannifera, 378
maurorum, 377, 378
Alysicarpus, 28, 34, 182, 384, 385, 386, 401
belgawmensis, 385, 386
An diversifolius, 1383
i hamosus, 384
* Harnieri, 133
as nummularifolius, 133
he parviflorus, 385
5 pilifer, 384, 385
A racemosus, 38a
rotundifolius, 3885
rugosus, 384
var. Heyneanus. 384
sy minor, 384
» ” » pilifer, 384
” ” » styracifolius,
384, 385
3 scariosus, 384
vaginalis, 1382
var. nummularifolia,
182, 1383
typica; 132, 138
” oP]
be) » ”
varius, 133
Amathusid phidippus, 681
AMATHUSIINA, 681
Amblypodia, 609
andersonii, 609
a anita, 609
4 arracana, 610
a darana, 609
Ms erichsonii, 609, 610
* narada, 609, 699
is naradoides, 609
taooana, 610
Amerimnon, 442, 448
” burmanicum, 448
” Collettit, 445
9 ferrugineum, 448
ls Hullettii, 443
4 pinnatum, 448
a stipulatum, 448
4 subsympatheticum, 446
Amerimnum Hemsleyi, 450
‘; obovatum, 100, 459, 462
: Oliveri, 451
fp Wattii. 451
AMHERSTIEA, 28, 29, 202
Amphicarpxa ferruginea, 402
Amphiptera, 406, 407, 409
Ampittia maro, 720
ANACARDIACEA, 8
Anas boschas, 525
Anisophyllea, 311, 312, 322, 323
eee eles apetala, 322, 323
Curtisit, 322, 326
disticha, 322,
grandifolia, 324
grandis, 824
Griffith, 322, 325
laurina, 323
rhomboidea, 326
® ; Scortechinit, 322, 325, 827
trapezoidalis, 328
ANISOPHYLLER, 312
Anisophyllum, 323
flavicans, 324
grande, 324
laurinum, 323
trapezoidale, 323
Anthracoceros, 665
"the nakula, 548, 685
pagenstecherii, 548
parvata, 548
5 (Rohana) nakula, 548, 685
Aphnzus lohita, ‘700
schistaceus, 610
syama, 610
vulcanus, 610
Apios, 410, 431
» carnea, 410
Aplatoa, 218
Aporia dubernadi, 563
» marshalli, 563
Aporum, 605
Be Jenkinsti, 604, 605
Appias albina, 710, 7 11
ab. citronella, 711
” ” », sawela, 711
23 . 5 umbratilis, 711
ewrosundana, 711
hippo, 552, 610
hippoides, 552
lankapura, 710
leis, 711
leptis, 712
lyncida, 712
nathalia, 712
pandione, 712
paulina, 710
vacans, 610
zelmira, 610
(Saletara) nathalia, 712
Ar achis, 22, 27, 33, 125
“ hypogzea, 125
Araotes lapithis, 701
Argynnis niphe, 552
Argyrolobium, 348
rosewm, 348, 349
trigonelloides, 349
»”
”
”
”
»
”
”»
” »?
+P)
Arietta. 571
Arnoldia pinnata, 299
Arrhopala, 669, 700
a amantes, 699
Gaudichaudiana, 322, 324
Index.
733
Arrhopala apidanus, 699
+B)
”
araxes, 699
pse udocentaurus, 699
Arthr osprion stipulatum, 256
Astragalus, 348
Astur badius, 724
Atella, 621, 656, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665
egista, 682, 683
phalanta, 621, 624, 685, 650, 656,
657, 659, 661, 662, 668
phalantha, 682
propingua, 683
sinha, 682
Athyma, 533, 5384, 688
amhara; 688
karita, 688
lactaria, 535
nefte, 688
perius, 688
praslina, 535
selenophora, 688
venilia, 688
Atylia, 45, 431
Atylosia, 24, 32, 45, 431, 432, 433, 435
burmanica, 432
candicans, 436
Candollei, 431
crassa, 45, 431, 432, 433, 434
elongata, 431, 433
geminifiora, 431, 433
glandulosa, 46, 432, 433, 434
grandiflora, 433
kulnensis, 433
major, 431
mollis, 45, 46, 431, 433, 434
platycarpa, 431, 433
reticulata, 432
rostrata, 432, 433
scarabzxoides, 45, 46
sericea, 431
eines gamra, 607
”
jesous, 607
Badacara, 673
bP)
nilgiriensis, 673
Badamia Commersoni, 332
)
exclamationis, 724
Bahora philomela, 673
Balansa, 472
Baoris bada, 610
9?
+B)
»”
mathias, 610
(Chapra) mathia, 610
(Parnara) badu, 610
Baryxylum rufum, 208
Bauhinia, 28, 29, 152, 158, 175, 495, 504
acida, 495
acuminata, 176, 179, 495
albo-lutea, 176, 181, 184, 503
anguina, 177, 198, 194, 195,
500, 503, 504
yi var. Horsfieldi, 194,195
awrantiace, 505
734
Index.
Bauhinia bidentata, 177, 187, 496, 498
brachycarpa, 495
Buchanani, 178
candida, 179
Championii, 195, 503, 504, 505
Collettii, 502
cordifolia, 191, 497, 498
cornifolia, 177, 186, 188, 496,
497, 498
coromandeliana, 180
corymbosa, 186, 501
Curtisii, 177, 195, 504, 505
diphylla, 176, 178, 186
diptera, 193, 500, 501
elongata, 181, 183, 499, 502
emarginata, 188, 192, 497
enigmatica, 496
Faberi, 496
ferruginea, 176, 182, 183, 184,
186, 500, 502, 503
. var. excelsa, 183,
185, 499, 502
Grifithiana,
184, 503
Finlaysoniana, 177, 190, 497
foveolata, 496
glabrifolia, 177, 193, 500, 502
glauca, 177, 186, 501
» var. parvifolia, 186
Grifithiana, 176, 183, 186, 502,
503
” ”
Hullettii, 176, 183, 184, 186, 503
integrifolia, 177, 191, 498
Kingii, 177, 189, 498
Kockiana, 190, 497
Kurzii, 499
latifolia, 505
Lawii, 486
lucida, 177, 188, 189, 190, 497,
499, 600
macrostachya, 501
malabarica, 495, 496
mollissima, 176, 180, 183, 185,
499, 502
monandra, 505
nervosa, 182, 603
piperifolia, 193, 500, 501
polycarpa, 495
var. Kurzii, 496
Pottsii, 181, 185, 500, 502
purpurea, 17 6, 179, 180, 181
racemosa, 495
retusa, 498
Richardiana, 605
Ridley, 176, 185, 502
rosea, 499
rufa, 499
scandens, 194
Scortechinti, 177, 188, 498
semibijida, 176, 182, 184, 185,
499, 502
Bauhinia speciosa, 179
* stipularis, 182
* ,, strychnoidea, 177, 195, 504
“ sumatrana, 183, 185
9 tenuiflora, 186, 501
os timorana, 495
* timoriensis, 495
3 tomentosa, 176, 178, 495'
ag tortuosa, 495, 496
% triandra, 180
ss Vahlii, 499
- variegata, 505
Fale Wrayt, 177, 191, 192, 497
” (Lasiobema) anguina, 504
(Phanera) variegata, 505
BAUHINIEA, 23, 28
Belenois java, 710
Biancea Sappan, 229
» scandens, 229
Bibasis sambavana, 724
” Bierminnia, 591
i bimaculata, 592
* i; quinquecallosa, 591
BRACHYPODINAE, 614
Brachypterwm, 97, 100, 105, 462
44 canarense, 462
” floribundum, 105, 461, 463
i scandens, 101
timorense, 101
BRACHYPTERYGINZ, 613
Bradburya, 57
Britomartis, 558
ss buto, 559
3 cleoboides, 559
Brotera persica, 522
Brugwiera, 311, 313
Hf caryophylloides, 314, 315
a4 cylindrica, 316
4 eriopetala, 314
- gymnorhiza, 314, 315
My madagascariensis, 335
Ms parietosa, 315
a parviflora, 314, 315
a4 Rheedu, 314
Rumphii, 315
Bryobium, 589
Bucklandia, 307, 308
. populifolia, 308
fe populnea, 308
Bufo melanostictus, 633
Bulbophyllum, 588, 589
apodum, 586
53 cauliflorum, 586
* a Collettii, 585
* o depressum, 585
FF Epicrianthes, 585
¢ i linearifolium, 586
5 Listeri, 585
* Z oblanceolatum, 586
B protractum, 586
id as shunicam, 587
Index.
Bulbophyllum stella, 588
he suavissimum, 587
tardeflorens, 588
* pe Vanessa, 587
* Bullis, 558
» buto, 559
» valentia, 559, 577
Butea, 414
» acuminata, 78, 413, 414, 415, 416
» gyrocarpa, 76
» parviflora, 75, 413
- 4, sericophylla, 76, 412, 418 .
Byasa latreillei, 566
» polla, 565
Bysteropogon pectinatum, 522
Cacara, 53
» erosa, 54
Cacoucia lucida, 336
~ trifoliata, 336
Cadelium, 423
Cadetia, 583, 584
Caduga, 673
CRSHPINIE®, 22
Czxsalpinaria, 225, 228
Czsalpinia, 29, 153, 225, 228, 469, 470
is acanthobotrya, 232, 471
var. latifolia,
471
” ”»
43 arborea, 224
nd bijuga, 227
oF Bonduc, 225, 226
A Bonducella, 225, 226 -
9 burmanica, 470
2 cinclidocarpa, 280, 232, 471
is crista, 229
eh dasyrachis, 225
8 digyna, 226, 231
y ferow, 229
ui ferruginea, 224,
< Finlaysoniana, 225
> flavicans, 231
ss furfuracea, 471
p Glenniei, 472
. gracilis, 231
» | hymenocarpa, 238, 472
a imermis, 224
5 japonica, 229
i microphylla, 4°70, 471
if mina, 469
“ » var. burmanica, 469
” » typica, 469
3 Nuga, 225, 227, 470
us oleosperma, 231
a paniculata, 227
bs parviflora, 226, 230, 470
var, stipularis, 230,
231, 470
a Py », typica, 230, 470
pe pulcherrima, 225, 228
“A Sappan, 225, 228, 280, 470
scandens, 227
” ”
735
Czxsalpinia sepiaria, 226, 229, 470
is sumatrana, 227, 235
S tortuosa, 226, 230, 231, 470,
471
% var. latifolia, 232
CRSALPINIER, 23, 28, 152, 515
CaJANES, 23, 24, 31, 434
Cajanus, 24, 32, 46
» dicolor, 47
» candicans, 436
» flavus, 47
» glandulosus, 46, 432, 434
» indicus, 47
» kulnensis, 433
» scarabxoides, 46
Caju, 96, 457
a Galedupa, yee 96, 202, 207, 457, 479,
5, Lacca, 123
Calinaga brahma, 551
» buddha, 550, 551
* 4, cercyon, 550, 577
, davidis, 550, 551
» vhatso, 551
» sudassana, 551-
Calliandra, 30, 238, 252, 258, 507
ee Saman, 252
umbrosa, 253
Callidryas hilaria, 705
Calliplea mazares, 676
a sambavana, 676
sumbana, 676
Calophaca, 373
depressa, 373
Oalates, 528, 530
CALYcIFLORR, 1
Calycopteris, 327 , 333
F floribunda, 333
s nutans, 333, 334
Calysisme, 606
‘3 perseus, 677
Camarotis, 596
Camphylotropis, 376
Canavalia, 25, 32, 62, 417, 425, 426, 427
dolichoides, 427
ps ensiformis, 62, 64, 418
A M var. turgida, 64, 418
3 gladiata, 62, 63
» grandis, 427
: lineata, 62, 63, 64, 418
pe lucens. 427, 431
* obtusifolia, 62, 63, 418
oe tetragona, 428
turgida, 64, 417
Cantharospermum, 46, 433
pauciflorwm, 46
Caprona syrichthus, 720
Caragana, 370, 518
a acaulis, 370, 872
be Aitchisoni, 37U, 372, 518
i ambigua, 370, 371, 372, 618
736
Caragana arborescens, 870, 372
. brevispina, 370, 372
dees chumbica, 370
= conferta,, 370
. crassicaulis, 370
9 cuneata, 370
» decorticans, 518
“ Gerardiana, 370, 371
s microphylla, 372
33 polyacantha, 370, 371
” pygmea, 370
ulicina, 870, 871
Carailia, 312, 318, 320
‘3 ceylanica, 319
» corymbosa, 319
» cuspidata, 319
» eugenoidea, 318, 320
» mtegerrima, 318, 319
» lancefolia, 319
» lucida, 318
» octopetala, 319
* 4, Scortechinii, 318, 319
» sinensis, 319
» symmetria, 319
timorensis, 319
Carandje, 170
Carpopogon, 65, 67, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409
a anguinewm, 66
i. giganteum, 68
* imbricatum, 65
monospermum, 66
pruriens, 69
Casearia acuminata, 322
Casparea, 505
Cassia, 28, 152, 158, 203, 473, 481
alata: 154, 161
» angustissima, 165
Index.
Cassia mimosoides, 155, 164, 165, 477
\ var. awricoma, 477
dimidiata, 477
Wallichiana, 165,
477
” ”
” PP)
montana, 477
myriophylla, 477
nigricans, 477
nodosa, 154, 155, 156
obovata, 476
obtusifolia, 154, 158, 159, 475
“ var. a 159
., 159
occidentalis, ave 160, 161, 474,
476
palmata, 163
renigera, 4'74
rhombifolia, 157
sensitiva, 165
siamea, 154, 163
Sophera, 154, 161, 474
sumatrana, 164
surattensis, 158
Tagera, 158
tenella, 165
timoriensis, 154, 162, 477
” var. chrysocoma, 163
7 », typica, 163
,, santhocoma, 168
tomentosa, 160, 474
Tora, 154, 158, 159, 474, 475, 476
16 | NAD a 159
toroides, 159, 475
Wallichiana, 165
wxanthocoma, 163, 477
CASsIER, 23, 28
Castalius ethion, 699
sf rosimon, 609, 699
» rowana, 556, 577
a rorus, 557, 699
Catappa domestica, 331
- litorea, 332
ie sylvestris, 332
Catochrysops, 608
arborescens, 158
» Bacillus, 156
bracteata, 162
» chinensis, 161
coromandeliana, 161
» dimidiata, 477
», esculenta, 161
» fastigata, 477 cneius, 698
,, Fistula, 154, 156, 473 Bs cnejus, 608, 698
orida, 164 contracta, 608
a phen 158, 161, 475 ve hapalina, 608
»» frutescens, 161 . nicola, 608
» gallinaria, 158 4 pandava, 608, 698
» glauca, 154, 157, 477
ms 4» var. suffruticosa, 477
5» herpetica, 162
» hirsuta, 154, 159, 474
theseus, 608
Catophaga lankapwra, 711
- neombo, 710
- voopstorfi, 711
», holosericea, 476 Catopsilia, 529, 530, 581, 532, 615, 617,
, humilis, 159 618, 619, 620, 621, 623, 624,
javanica, 154, 156, 474 632, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639,
5, levigata, 476 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645,
5, Leschenaultiana, 155, 165, 477 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653,
,, BMacrexi, 477
5, micrantha, 477
654, 655,
664, 665
657, 658, 661, 663,
Catopsilia catilla, 610, 705
‘4 chryseis, 705
és crocale, 610, 705
if gnoma, 610
Pe pyranthe, 610, 705
scylla, 705
Celzenor rhinus leucocera, 719
« saturatus, 719
spilothyrus, 719
Centrosema, 24, 32, 57
i Plumieri, 57
virginianum, 57
Cephalanthera, 598
45 chartacea, 598
Bebra: martabanica, 286
Ceriops, 312, 316
= Candolleana, 316, 317
» Roxburghiana, 316
Cethosia cyane, var. sambawa, 684
Birr :. », swmbana, 684
* narmada, 683, 684
narmadoides, 683
» penthesilea, 683
ie I exsanguis, 683
sambana, 684:
swmbana, 684
tambora, 684
Cetosia narmada, 683
Chenolobium, 151, 468
ot decemjugum, 151, 468
S septemjugum, 151, 468
Chamecrista, 154, 164
Chapra brunnea, 722
mathias, 610, 722
prominens, 723
> sinensis, 723
Charazes, 692
adamsoni, 552
‘affinis, 553
alphius, 691
aristogiton, 552 -
athamas, 691
a alphius, 691
attalus, 691
M », lombokianus, 691
' batavianus, 691
baya, 692
* connectens, 554
desa, 552
durnfordi, 554, 555
PP 43 staudingert, 553
4s eudamippus, 692
everettt, 555
fallaw, 691
”
”
3, hebe, 692
ss jovis, 670, 692
” moort, 692
» micholit, 553, 554, 555
. ocellatus, 670, 692
i orilus, 692
3 phrivus, 691
Index.
Charazes pyrrhus, 692
6 staudingeri, 5538, 554, 555
is wallacei, 553
Ff (Eulepis) alphius, 691
#f a athamas, 691
i batavianus, 691
Ye i fallax, 691
‘ # hebe, 692
a pa moort, 692
* (Haridra) aristogiton, 552,
” ” baya, 692
connectens, 554,
durnfordi, 554
” ”
9 9
A staudingeri, 553
737
577
577
bP]
» (Murwareda) eudamippus, 692
" fa jovis, 692
Cheritra freja, 701
Chersonesia peraka, 690
93 rahria, 690
Chilades laius, 607
» trochilus, 607, 695
Chiloschista, 596
Chittira, 673
be orientis, 678
Chliaria, 701
a othona, 701
Chloropsis, 630, 631, 682, 633, 635, 636,
637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642,
643, 644, 647, 666
ih aurifrons, 629, 666
i hardwickit, 647
he malabarica, 630, 666
CHRYSOBALANER, 275, 276
Cinclidocarpus, 226, 231
Cirrhochroa, 687
Corie tataas 589
5 Proudlockit, 588
viridiflorum, 589
Citta, 64, 65, 405, 406, 407
» nigricans, 65, 407
Clavulium pedunculosum, 41
Cievanesnae bipunctatum, 597
“ tenuicaule, 596
Mees arcesilaus, 682
Clitoria, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 56, 431
. cajanifolia, 56, 57
» fluminensis, 58
+ Plumiert, 58
ee Ternatea, 56
Clypearia rubra, 274
Cnestis, 2, 20
» acuminata, 12
» flaminea, 21
» foliosus, 21
» ignews, 21
» mimusoides, 15
» monadelpha, 12
» platantha, 21
» ramiflora, 21
vestita, 17
Cocculus flavicans, 324
738
Codariocalyz conicus, 145
gyroides, 145
Coladenia dan, 719
Coleoides, 521, 522
Coleus, 521, 529
5, atropurpureus, 522
» Julvescens, 521
» spicatus, 521, 522
Colias hyale, 553
Collza cinerascens, 432
» mollis, 46, 432
CoMBRETACEA, 327, 345
CoMBRETES, 327
Combretum, 327, 335
- apetalum, 327, 335
chinense, 335, 338
var. Porterianum,
338
9 ”
re * » pubescens, 338,
3 » ternatum, 338
* eispaie: 336
extensum, 335, 337
» formosum, 338
. Grifithii, 338
4 Horsfieldii, 338
* S Kunstleri, 335, 340
* latifolium, 338
ms lepidotum, 339
5 leucanthwm, 338
ae lucidum, 336
‘s macrostachyum, 3388
” Maluloea, 339
ad ” nigrescens, 335, 340
% platyphyllum, 338
es Porterianum, 338
* A rotundifolium, 338
A Scortechinit, 335, 341
99 sericeum, 333
. squamosum, 335, 339
subalternans, 3386
“ sundiacum, 835, 337
. ternatum, 338
a tetralophum, 335, 336
. trifoliatum, 335, 336
‘ undulatum, 336
vs Wightianum, 338
* Wrayi, 335, 339
CONNARACEA, 4, 5, 7, 18, 17, 18, 174
CoNNARACE, 1
Connarus, 2, 3, 4
a Diepenhorstii, 20
i he ellipticus, 3, 7
ferrugineus, 2, 3
- floribundus, 5
= foliosus, 21
3 fulgens, 15
rp gibbosus, 3, 5, 6
= grandis, 3,7
oe hebephyllus, 3, 5
. Maingayi, 2, 3
Index.
Connarus mimusoides, 14, 15
- nicobaricus, 3, 6
4 oligophyllus, 3, 5
ag rugosus, 14
. semidecandrus, 8, 4, 6, 7
my similis, 14
‘ Wallichit, 7
Copaifera, 479
Corallodendron holosericewm, 72, 411
- lithospermum, 74
9 sumatranum, 74
Coronilla cannabina, 369
» cochinchinensis, 83, 368, 369
Corvus splendens, 667
Coryzadenia trifoliata, 343
Crastia atossa, 675
» palmedo, 544, 675
CRATEROPODIDA, 613
CRATEROPODINA, 613
Crateropus canorus, ae 614, 665, 724,
25
Crotalaria, 23, 31, 35, 349
‘; acicularis, 349
a acuminata, 39
A alata, 35, 36, 349, 350
» albida, 36, 39, 351
_ » var. inopinata, 351
a angulosa, 39
5 anthylloides, 37
“A assamica, 352
ss bialata, 36
re bracteata, 41, 354,
Bk brevipes, 37
* Browne’, 41, 353
y burmanica, 351
ue calycina, 37, 351
a canescens, 38
as capitata, 352
fe chinensis, 35, 37, 352
fF cerulea, 39
* Collettii, 349
‘9 crassifolia, 38
* cunerfolia, 39
. elliptica, 40, 353
my: eriantha, 37
as ferruginea, 36, 87, 349
“ herbacea, 40
= heterophylla, 42
nt hirsuta, 349
hirta, 352
a humifusa, 349
k incana, 36, 40, 353
he inopinata, 351
a laburnifolia, 36, 41
5 lanceolata, 41, 353
* latifolia, 41, 353 .
- leioloba, 38
= macrophylla, 39, 43, 440
a montana, 39
a multiflora, 349
5 nana, 351
Index.
Crotalaria nana var. patula, 351
typica, 351
umbellata, 351
» ”? ”
” ” ”
+ nepalensis, 37
Ma neriifolia, 352
a occulta, 351
- Oldhami, 37
a parva, 39
ay pedunculosa, 41
ms pendula, 41
a perpusilla, 352
a pilosissima, 38
“ priestleyoides, 352
“J prostrata, 349
Ae punctata, 39
- pusilla, 352
i quinquefolia, 36, 42, 354
* retusa, 36, 38
Be rubiginosa, 350
» 9 var. Wightiana, 350
- sagitticaulis, 36
* salicifolia, 37
» Saltiana, 36, 41, 353, 354
as scabrella, 350
ie Schimpert, 40
a scoparia, 39
a sericea, 36, 38
if sessiliflora, 25, 36, 351, 352
re spectabilis, 39
a Stacyana, 351
a striata, 41, 353
os tennis, 39
, trichophora, 349
35 triquetva, 350
3 tubérosa, 44
F umbellata, 351
aS uncinella, 36, 40, 352
x Vachellii, 40, 358
oe venusta, 37
a verrucosa, 36, 39
e vestita, 349
Wightiana, 350
weeldin: 29, 153, 218, 486
‘s bantamensis, 218, 223, 486, 488,
489
» caudata, 218, 219, 488
» Curtisit, 219, 220, 222, 487
var. typica, 219
Wallichii, 219, 221,
487
» glauca, 219, 221, 222, 487
~ 3, gracilis, 218, 219, 223, 486, 488
» ortentalis, 220
» NScortechinii, 219, 220, 488
» speciosa, 219, 221, 222, 487
» Wallichii, 221
» Wray, 218, 219, 222, 486, 488
zeylanica, 222, 487
Cruminium giganteum, 58
Cuculla, 596
Cupha erymanth’s, 682
” 9
2? > ”?
739
Cupido almora, 697
Cupitha purreea, 722
Curetis, 552
» tnsularis, 700
» malayica, var. kiritana, 700
, _ thetis, 700
Cyaniris akasa, 695
a huegelit, 695
a musina, 695
af placida, 695
puspa, 695
Cyanitis sylvatica, 298
Cylindrochilus, 596
Cymaria, 522
HH: dichotoma, 522
Cynometra, 29, 153, 196, 478
ay Beddomei, 478
* bijuga, 198, 199, 478
a cauliflora, 195, 197, 198, 200,
478, 479
es inequalifolia, 196, 199, 479
Kurzti, 479
ie mimosoides, 198, 199, 478
. polyandra, 196, 198, 200, 478,
479
» is var. Kurati, 197,
200, 478, 479
typica, 196,
200, 478
as ramiflora, 196, 197, 478
Subsp. bijuga, 196,
198, 199, 478
” fe » genuina, 196
198, 199, 478, 479
” ” var. heterophylla,
196, 198, 199, 478
mimosoides, 196,
198, 199, 478
” 33 ”
”? rd
” 3 » 93
CYNOMETRE®, 23, 29, 202
Cynthia arsinoé, 684
» austrosunda, 685
» austrosundana, 685
* , cyenia, 547, 577
» deione, 684
» dejone, 684
» erota, 685
‘a » austrosunda, 548
» orahilia, 547
saloma, 548
Oyrestis fruhstorferi, 690
», lutea, 690
» naris, 690
» nivea, 690
» peraka, 690
» periander, 690
» vrahria, 690
»» (Chersonesia) peraka, 690
* i rahria, 690
Cytisus Cajan, 47
» psewdo-Cujan, 47
Daimio, 719
740
Index.
Dalbergaria, 113, 114, 446
Dalbergia, 26, 33, 112, 122, 123, 442, 448,
460
arborea, 95, 479
assamica, 449
Blume?, 118
burmanica, 448
cana, 449, 450, 451
Championii, 118, 119
Collettii, 445, 450
confertiflora, 113, 114, 444, 445,
449
congesta, 444,
Cumingiana, 122, 452
emarginata, 442
ferruginea, 448
Gardneriana, 444
glauca, 443
Hemsley, 450
heterophylla, 103
hircina, 449, 452
Hullettii, 118, 119, 443
javanica, 443
Junghuhniit, 118, 115, 116, 122,
444, 445, 446
Be var. Scortechinit,
115, 444
9 » typica, 115,
44.4
Kunstlert, 118, 121, 122, 453
Kurz, 450
lanceolaria, 445, 449, 450, 451
latifolia, 442
livida, 118
Maingayi, 117
Melanowylon, 446
menoéides, 113, 120, 453
Millettii, 118, 446, 448
monosperma, 120, 443, 444, 445,
452
multijuga, 118, 447
nigrescens, 449, 451
Oliveri, 451
ovata, 443
55 var. obtusifolia, 443
paniculata, 449, 451
parviflora, 113, 116, 121, 445,
452
polyphylla, 447
Prazeri, 452
pseudo-sissoo, 113, 118, 120,
121, 443
purpurea, 449, 450, 451
reniformis, 121, 122, 453
robusta, 449, 450
rubiginosa, 443, 444, 445
rufa, 117, 118, 447
scandens, 101
Scortechinit, 115, 444
sissoides, 443
Sissoo, 118, 119, 443
Dalbergia spinosa, 123
»”»
stenocarpa, 449, 452
stipulacea, 448, 451, 452
stipulata, 117, 448
Stocksti, 446
subsympathetica, 118, 116, 446
sympathetica, 116, 444, 446
tamarindifolia, 118, 117, 447,
448, 449
timorensis, 101
torta, 118, 120, 123, 445, 452
velutina, 118, 116, 445, 448,
449
» var. Maingayi, 117, 445
%) » typica, 117
volubilis, 118, 114, 445, 449
Wattii, 451
Zollingeriana, 122, 452
DALBERGIEA, 22, 26, 108, 464
DANAINA, 543, 626, 666, 667, 670
Danais, 529, 580, 5381, 532, 616, 618, 619,
€22, 623, 624, 625, 627, 628, 633,
636, 643, 648, 649, 651, 652, 654,
655, 656, 658, 663, 664
affinis, var. hegesippinus, 673
bataviana, 672
chrysippus, 582, 53838, 606, 615,
616, 617, 618, 619,
620, 621, 622, 623,
624, 625, 626, 627,
628, 629, 630, 632,
633, 634, 635, 636,
637, 638, 639, 640,
641, 642, 643, 646,
647, 648, 649, 650,
651, 652, 653, 654,
655, 656, 658, 661,
662, 663, 664, 665,
672
donia, 671
erebus, 672
gautama, 671
genutia, 528, 529, 530, 531, 606,
616, 617, 618, 619, 62),
622, 623, 624, 625, 627,
628, 630, 631, 683, 635,
636, 638, 639, 640, 641,
642, 645, 646, 647, 648,
649, 650, 651, 652, 653,
655, 656, 657, 658, 660,
661, 662, 664, 665, 672
» partita, 672
hamata, 671
haruhasa, 672
hegesippinus, 673
intensa, 672,
ismare, 553
ismareola, 553
juventa, 671
kambera, 671
limniace, 529, 5380, 531, 606, 615
'
i
‘
:
Danais limniace, 616, 618, 619, 620, 622,
623, 624, 625, 626, 627,
629, 630, 632, 633, 634,
635, 636, 637, 638, 639,
640, 641, 642, 643, 645, .
646, 648, 649, 650, 651,
653, 656, 660, 661, 662,
Index.
663, 664, 671
9 conjuncta, 671
» donia, 671
litoralis, 673
melissa, 671
» hamata, 671, 672
nilgiriensis, 67 3
obertheurii, 671
orientis, 673
philo, 673
philomela, 673
plexippus, 606, 672
septentrionis, 672
taimanu, 672
vulgaris, 670
(Badacara) nilgiriensis, 673
(Bahora) philomela, 673
(Chittira) orientis, 673
(Limnas) bataviana, 672
i chrysippus, 672
(Naswma) haruhasa, 672
$5 ismare, 553
taimanu, 672
(Radena) juventa, 671
= kambera, 671
. obertheurii, 671
55 vulgaris, 670
(Ravadeba) philo, 673
(Salatura) genutia partita, 672
At intensa, 672 .
Ae litoralis, 673
Pe plexippus, 672
(Tirumala) gautama, 671
Ps limniace, 671
is - conjuncta,
671
m Es donia, 671
- melissa, 671
” bP)
if septentrionis, 672
Détis armandina, 546
”?
”
+P)
manthara, 678
mekara, 678
ocellata, 545
Deguelia, 101, 457
>
”»
malaccensis, 459
scandens, 101
timorensis, 101
Delias, 652, 653, 654, 658, 703, 704
aglaia, 702
agoranis, 562
agostina, 562
autonoé, 703
cathara, 562
hamata, 671
VAL
Deleas descombesi, 553, 610, 708
”
dives, 562, 577
egialea, 705
eucharis, 582, 538,
619, 624,
631, 649,
615, 616, 617,
625, 626, 629,
650, 651, 652,
655, 657, 658,
663, 665, 666,
fasciata, 703
glauce, 703
hierte, 610
hyparete, 703
»» ~-var, sumbana, 703
livia, 704
minerva, 704
oraia, 703
pagenstecheri, 704
pasithoé, 708
peribea, 704, 705
a livia, 704
sambawana, 704
minerva, 704
singhapura, 562
subsp. distincta, 562
shoms, 562
wallacei, 705
Dendrobium, 605
*
Be aggregatum, 605
fs cumulatum, 605
39 Gamblei, 584,
is Macraei, 583, 584
ss macrostachyum, 585
He parciflorum, 604
a Ritaeanum, 583
a sordidum, 583
terminale, 605
Dendrocolla, 588
Dendrolobium, 28, 34, 184, 137
‘3 Cephalotes, 138
umbellatum, 137
Derris, 26, 33, 97, 101, 104, 108, 109, 360,
417, 450, 458, 457, 459, 463, ‘464
acuminata, 361, 463
affinis, 97, 98, 104, 458, 461, 462
amena, 98, 105, 461, 462
7" var. Maingayayana, 106
» typica, 106
auiemuiiog: 97, 104, 460
brevipes, 461
canarensis, 462
cunerfolia, 100, 108, 459, 460, 462,
463
Ps millettioides, 108
J var. aptera, 108
y », malaccensis, 107,
459
dalbergioides, 97, 101, 458
var. dasyphylla, 102
discolor, 459, 464
elegans, 97, 103, 459
742
Index.
Derris elegans, var. typica, 103
» vestita, 103
elliptica, 98, 106, 361, 460
eualata, 104, 460, 461
floribunda, 97 , 98, 105, 461
Forsteniana, 103
guianensis, 101
Heyneana, 460
A var. brevipes, 461
» parviflora, 461
macrophylla, 79, 417
Maingayana, 106, 462
malaccensis, 98, 107 , 108, 459, 460
os var. aptera, 459
3 » millettiodes, 459
» typica, 107, 459
marginata, 105, 461, 462, 463
microptera, 109, 361, 460, 463
montana, 108, 460
monticola, 361
oblonga, 462
ovalifolia, 464
paniculata, 461
pinnata, 118, 447, 448
polystachya, 463
pyrrothyrsa, 100
robusta, 102, 458
scandens, 97, 100, 458
secunda, 361, 463
sinuata, 97, 98, 100, 104, 462
thyrsiflora, 78, 97, 99, 414, 462, 463
trifoliata, 458
uliginosa, 97, 102, 104, 458
” var. Loureirii, 105, 461
vestita, 103, 459
Wallichit, 97, 99, 462
Wightii, 464
(Aganope) macrophylla, 79
Desmanthus brachylobus, 506
“a lacustris, 245
y natans, 245
i stolonifer, 245
Desmodia, 33
Desmodiastrum, 385
DESMODIEA, 27
Desmodium, 22, 28, 33, 34, 133, 385, 386,
7,
- alatum, 144, 145, 390, 391
3 angulatum, 140, 377
. argentewm, 397, 398
= auriculatum, 135, 144, 145,
390, 391
iy bicolor, 141
birmannicum, 401
. Buergeri, 140
3 cespitoswm, 136
Pa capitatum, 134, 189, 400
pe Cephalotes, 138, 389
var. congestum, 389
> » —-95_: typica, 389
‘ concinnum, 400
) ”»
Desmodium, concinnum, var. amena, 400
vonfertum, 396
congestum, 389
diffuswm, 141
dioicum, 396
elegans, 395
elongatum, 141
floribundum, 395
gangeticum, 134, 142, 143,399
” var. acuminatum,
143, 400
Gardneri, 139, 392
grande, 389
Griffithianwm, 400
grossicrenatum, 394
gyrans, 399
gyroides, 185, 140, 145, 401
Harwickianum, 388, 391
heterocarpum, 140
heterophyllum, 134, 135, 401
insigne, 397, 398
japonicum, 391, 392
karensium, 897
khasianum, 395, 396
Kingianum, 398
kulhaitense, 395
laburnifolium, 389
latifoliwm, 143, 400
” var. virgatum, 143,
400
lawiflorwm, 184, 141
lazum, 134, 138, 392
leptostachyum, 141
megaphyllum, 134, 139, 399
4 var. glabrescens, 399
» typica, 399
multiflorum, 395
mervosum, 140
nutans, 397
obcordatum, 394
oblatum, 394, 401
oblongum, 394, 401
“5 var. acutifoliwm, 394
», typica, 394
obovatum, 140
obtuswm, 394
olivacewm, 389
ormocarpoides, 1384, 142, 391
” var. velutina,
142, 391
¥ typica, 391
ovalifolium, 140, 141, 400
oxyphyllum, 392, 396, 397
parviflorwm, 385, 386, 401
patens, 140
podocarpum, 139, 388, 391,
392, 393
var. lanwm, 392
polycat ‘pum, 184, 140, 397,
400, 401
” var. ovalifolia, 141
Index.
Desmodium polycarpum, var. typica, 141
pseudog yroides, 145
pseudo-triquetrum, 144, 145,
390, 391
pulchellum, 184, 136
racemosum, 377
recurvatum, 141
reniforme, 394, 401
retroflecum, 384, 400
retusum, 140
rhomboideum, 388, 391
Rottleri, 386
rotundifolium, 385, 401
rubescens, 399
rugosum, 134, 137, 388
sambuense, 394, 398
Scalpe, 394
scandens, 399
sequax, 394, 397, 399, 400, 401
serriferum, 395, 396, 397, 400,
401
stliquosum, 140
sinwatum, 394, 397,399, 406,
401
strangulatum, 399
substipulacewm, 394
sulcatum, 141
teres, 391
tilizfolium, 395, 397, 398, 400,
401
triflorum, 184, 1385, 136, 401
5 var. majus, 136
a » minus, 135
trinerve, 392
triquetrum, 134, 143, 144, 390,
400
99 subsp. alatwm,
390
auricula-
tum, 390
geniuna,
890
ve » pseudotri-
aquetrum, 390
wumbellatum, 134, 187, 138,
386, 387, 389
i var. hirsutum,
137, 388
virgatum, 134, 143, 399, 400
Wallichii, 1388, 388, 389
zonatum, 142
(Dendrolobium)
9) ”
3) ”
Cephalotes,
138
Deudoriz domitia, 560, 561
3)
epijarbas, 701
Deudoryx, 701
Diadema bolina, 553
”
”
nuctelius, 682
(Hypolimnas) bolina, 553
Dialium, 28, 153, 167, 170, 175, 204, 481,
483, 484
743
*Dialium ambiguum, 168, 172, 174, 485
”
coromandelianwm, 483
indicum, 170
indum, 168, 169, 171, 174, 483
javanicum, 170
Kingii, 168, 175, 485
Kunstleri, 167, 168
laurinum, 168, 170, 484
Maingayi, 168, 171, 173
ovoideum, 483
patens, 168, 169
platysepalum, 168, 170, 171,
172, 174, 175, 485
9 var. burong, 1738,
174,
39 bP)
+P) ”
typica, 173
Wallichii,
173, 174,
485
Wallichii, 168, 174, 175, 485
Dicerma pulchellum, 137
» repens, 1386
Dichroa, 298
» cyanitis, 298
» febrifuga, 298
» latifolia, 298
Dicrurus ater, 647, 666
Dioclea, 25, 32, 59, 418
» Fergusoni, 60, 418, 419
» javanica, 59, 60, 418, 419
» vreflexa, 59, 418, 419
Diociex®, 24, 25, 32
Dipteroderris, 97, 104, 105, 462
DIsciFLoRa, 1
Discophora celinde, 681
me sondaica, 682
a timora, 681
Dissemurus pardiseus, 647, 666
Dodona, 556
» aepea, 556
» dracon, 555, 577
Doleschallia bisaltide, 690, 691
= polibete, 691
as pratipa, 690
Dolichos, 24, 32, 54, 429, 430, 431
+ blandus, 432
FA bracteatus, 436
a bulbosus, 54
A candicans, 436
7 Catjang, 52
5 coriaceus, 60
a crassus, 46, 432
a cultratus, 56, 430
of dasycarpus, 427
» ensiformis, 62, 63
iy erosus, 54
» falcatus, 421, 430
‘" fictfolius, 421
» frutescens, 419
744,
Dolichos giganteus, 68
a gladiatus, 62, 63
» grandifolius, 419
: hezandra, 60, 418
Lablab, 54, 429, 430, 518
99 moar var. lignosa, 55
” ” » typica, 55
ms lignosus, 55, 480, 518
“s lineatus, 63, 418
», luteolus, 428
m luteus, 52, 428
4, obcordatus, 68, 418
is obtusifolius, 64, 418
Index.
Dunbaria rostrata, 435
3 Scortechinii, 44, 435
Dysolobium, 425, 427, 429, 434
i" dolichoides, 426, 427, 428
ef grande, 426, 427
. lucens, 426, 427
‘ tetragonum, 426, 427
Echinocalyx, 202, 208, 204, 480, 481
Edwardsia, 467
Elzocarpus punctatus, 278
Eleiotis Rottleri, 386
Ellipanthus, 2, 8
calophyllus, 8, 9
¥ ovatus, 56 * a Curtisii, 8, 9
» phaseoloides, 61 5 3 gibbosus, 8, 10
» pilosus, 58 A Griffithii, 8, 10
+ pruriens, 69 " Helfert, 10
» repens, 428 * Scortechinii, 8
» reticulatus, 46, 432 Elymnias, 635, 636, 639, 640, 641, 644,
2 rotundifolius, 64, 418 645, 653, 680
3 scarabzoides, 46 7 casiphone pretextata, 681
a sinensis, 52 - dara, 680
pet Soja, 408 93 erinyes, 681
Me spicatus, 419, 421 i eaclusa, 681
ral stipulaceus, 49 a kamara, 681
os subcarnosus, 430 ae meliophila, 680
ms tenuicaulis, 430 ~ nigrescens, 680
a tetragonolobus, 56 . se meliophila, 680
a tranquebaricus, 58 A 4 melitophila, 680
” trilobus, 49, 54 na pretextata, 680
» wmbellatus, 429 - protogenia, 680
39 vestitus, 442 5 3 baliensis, 680
viridis, 61 Fs sambawana, 680
Dollinera, 134, 139 ia undularis, 615, 616, 617, 619,
620, 621, 622, 62:3,
627, 628, 630, 635,
640, 644, 645, 652,
Doodia, 381
3 alopecuroides, 381, 382
» ermita, 131
35 hamosa, 382 658, 666, 680
3, lagopodioides, 131, 381 5 “ var. timorensis,680
» ‘picta, 180 33 (Melynias) exclusa, 631
simplicifolia, 382 ‘3 . kamara, 681
Dor itis, 591 ” pretextata, 680
Drebbelia ferruginea, 75, 413 ELYMNIINa”, 680
Drepanocarpus, 445 Embryogonia lucida, 336
Cumingii, 122, 452 Emerus, 367
Drosera, 305 Entada, 30, 237, 241
scandens, 242
DROSERACER, 305
Enterolobium, 30, 238, 251, 253
Dryptopetalum coriaceum, 322
ms Burmanni, 306 » monostachya, 242
a Finlaysoniana, 306 » Parrana, 242 :
” hexagyna, 306 », Pursetha, 242 .
»» indica, 306 » Rheedei, 242 |
serpens, 306 » Rumphir, 242
Duchassaingia ovalifolia, 72 Saman, 252,
pe bared, 24, 31, 44, 426, 432, 433, 434 EPIDENDREA, 589
B bella, 434, 435 Ergolis ariadne, 607, 682 7
= fusca, 434, » merione, 682
‘. glandulosa, 433 Evia, 589
” Heynei, 433 * ,, Brandisw, 589
3 Horsfieldvi, 46, 432 » Dalzelli, 589
»” pulchra, 433 » muscicola, 589
Index.
Eria myristiciformis, 590
» myristiformis, 590
» nana, 589
* shanensis, 589
Erionota thrax, 721
Eriosema, 24, 31, 44
5 Chinen se, 44,
Erismatura leucocephala, 527
Erites medura, 679
Erythrina, 25, 32, 70, '73, 410
is Corallodendrum, 71
8 cuneata, 71
5 holosericea, 72, 73, 411
x indica, 70, 74, 410, 411
us lithosperma, 70, 72, 73, 411
ay microcarpa, 410
a ovalifolia, 70, 72, 411
os reswpinata, 410
44 secundiflora, 73
ef spathacea, 71, 410
= stricta, 71, 410
a suberosa, 73, 410
Me ae var. glabrescens, 410
sumatrana, 73, 74, 411
Eryrurinea, 24, 25, 32
Erythrostigma, 8
do ellipticum, 8
a obliquum, 8
villosum, 8
Bucesalpinia, 225, 227, 470
EUCASALPINIEA, 29
Eucynometra, 196, 197
Eudendrobium, 584
Euderris, 97, 102
Eudesmodium, 134, 138
Eugenia, 320
Eulepis alphius, 691
» athamas, 691
» batavianus, 691
» fallax, 691
» hebe, 692
» mvori, 692
Eulespedeza, 374
Eumezoneuron, 232
Eumillettia, 87, 360, 363
EUMIMOSE, 23, 30, 238
Eunetta falcata, 525
EUPHASEOLER, 23, 24, 32, 425
Euphaseolus, 48
Euplea, 529, 530, 531, 606, 615, 617, 618,
619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625,
626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632,
633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639,
640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646,
647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 659,
660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 669,
674
/ atossa, 675
‘. bremeri, 675
_ ehloé, 677
A claudia, 676
745
Euplea climena, 544
crameri, 674
deheerii, 674
dongo, 676
eindthoveni, 675
eleusina, 676
Elewesiana, 548, 673
elwesti, 676
eucala, 676
ewcalle, 676
eyndhovii, 675
gelderi, 676
geyert, 675
godarttii, 606
gyllenhalti, 676
lacordairei, 677
iacordairi, 677
leucostictos, 677
lewa, 676
linnet, 606
macleart, 544
mazares, 676
meizon, 677
melelo, 677
melolo, 677
menetriesit, 675
neptis, 544, 673
palmeda, 675
palmedo, 544, 675
pinwillt, 675
sambavana, 676
sepulchralis, 673, 674
sobrina, 544
suavissima, 674
sumbana, 676
(Calliplea) mazares, 676
a sambavana, 676
sumbana, 676
(Crastia) atossa, 675
re palmedo, 544, 675
(Isamia) - wGET
(Menama) deheerii, 674
suavissima, 674
(Penoa) eyndhovii, 675
ri geyert, 675
» = pinwilli, 675
——-_, 675
( Raswma) lewa, 676
(Salpina) leucostictos, 677
meizon, 677
(Selinda) eleusina, 676
(Stictoplea) lacordairet, 677
ss melolo, 677
(Trepsichrois) claudia, 676
, dongo, 676
a elwesit, 676
gelderi, 676
(Tr onga) crameri, 674
, 674
( Vadebra) chimena, 544 [673
Ss Elwesiana, 548, 577,
746 Index.
Euplea (Vadebra) palmedo, 544, 675
= sepulchralis, 673
Eupleamima notrei, 568
i (Zethera) noiret, 568
Euproctis, 620
Eurema vallivolans, 706
Huripus cinnamomeus, 682
» halitherses, 682
Eusesbania, 82, 366
Eusophora, 146, 467
Euthalia, 629, 657, 659, 661, 689
os aconthea, 689
4 adonia, 689
a zgle, 688
FA anosia, 689
5 garuda, 689
Ly lwbentina, 629
+ obsoleta, 689
a nivepicta, 689
% pelea, 688, 689
ES. singoradja, 689
. stygiana, 688, 689
3 trigertu, 689
- (Adolias) zgle, 688
=u (Nora) obsoleta, 689
+ (Tanaécia) singoradja, 689
” stygiana, 688
Everes argiades, 695
» parrhasius, 695
Farnesia odora, 249
Farnesiana, 507
Fistula, 154, 155
Flemingia, 22, 24, 31, 42, 436
abrupta, 43
angustifolia, 440
bracteata, 437
Chappar, 436, 438
” ” var. latifolia, 441
” »” », nana, 441
441
typica, 440
” ” » viridis, 440, 441
Wightiana, 440,
441
ferruginea, 439, 440, 441
fluminalis, 437, 488
fruticulosa, 437, 438
Grahamiana, 439, 441
latifolia, 439, 441
var. genuina, 441
grandiflora, 441
typica, 441
39 ”
” ” »
” ”
lineata, 438
Was » var. glutinosa, 438
macrophylla, 440
nana, 439, 441, 442
paniculata, 438
precox, 439
9 procumbens, 442
congesta, 42, 43, 439, 440, 441
semialata, 440,
Flemingia prostrata, 439, 440, 441
as semialata, 439, 440, 441
ie a var. viridis, 440
‘5 serricans, 439, 442
7 stricta, 439
“ strobilifera, 42, 436, 437
i. a: var. bracteata, 437
4 vestita, 442
+ Wallichii, 439, 442
Wightiana, 439, 440, 441.
Flemingiastrum, 43
Flos, ‘700
Fornicaria, 596
Fulica atra, 729
Fuligula baeri, 525
Galactia, 411
» longiflora, 412
- . var. lucida, 412
» osyphylla, 404, 412
» tenuiflora, 411
var. minor, 412
typica, 412
” 29
9) 9) Pe
» villosa, 412
var. latifolia, 412
» typica, 412
? ”
9 ”
GALACTIEA, 24, 25
Galedupa, 96, 202, 457, 479, 480, 483
a arborea, 95
os cochinchinensis, 482
99 coriacea, 206, 482
a Echinocalyw, 204, 481
fs elliptica, 107
x indica, 95, 202, 207, 479, 483
a intermedia, 205, 482
5 siamensis, 481
% sumatrana, 482
ss uliginosa, 103
ns velutina, 206, 482
Wallichiana, '203, 481
Galega diffusa, 366
33 Mrta, 86
» purpurea, 85
Galegex, 22, 25, 168
Gallinaria rotundifolia, 475
Gallinula chloropus, 729
Gamana, 670
Gangara thyrsis, 721
Garrulaw lewcolophus, 647
GENISTE, 22, 23, 64
Gerydus acragas, 693
ms boisduvali, 693
bs : var. acragas, 693
“ irroratus, 693
+ ss var. assamensis, 693
“. symethus, 693
.< teos, 693
Getonia floribunda, 383
» mnitida, 333
» nutans, 333
Glycine, 403
s debilis, 59
Index.
Glycine hispida, 403, 423
3 javanica, 403
ay labialis, 59
aa lucida, 412
‘ oxyphylla, 404, 412
iy pallens, 59
ie parviflora, 59
a pentaphylla, 403
a Soja, 403
ussuriensis, 403, 404
Guycinza, 23, 24, 32
Gonepterya aspasia, 565
PP rhamni, 558, 565
me zaneka, 564, 565
oh zanekoides, 564, 577
Goniocarpus micranthus, 310
Gonocarpus micranthus, 310
GOoDYEREA, 599
Grandiera, 202
as cochinchinensis, 482
Grona, 411
» Graham, 411
Guilandina, 225, 226, 480
3 Boudus, 226, 227
fi Bonducella, 226
a Nuga, 227
A Wallichiana, 203, 204, 480,
481, 482
Guilandinia, 469
Guldenstedtia, 373
multiflora, 373
Gynotroches, 312, 321
5 axillaris, 321
ri Dryptopetalum, 322
a reticulata, 322
GYROCARPEA, 327
Gyrocorpus, 327, 344, 345
Pe acuminatus, 345
‘s americanus, 344
3 asiaticus, 345
si Jacquinu, 344
A rugosus, 345
sphenopterus, 345
Habenaria aristata, 604:
cs commilinifolia, 603
Ms densa, 602
ee ditricha, 601
2 Hawkesiana, 603
as Khasiana, 601
: lacertifera, 604
a latilabris, 602
ners linearis, 602
ten ee Maingayi, 604
oi Massoniana, 601
caine neglecta, 603
- plantaginea, 608
Nc iby Prazeri, 602
. secundiflora, 601
f tentaculata, 604
viridiflora, ‘601
HALORAGER, 309
747
Haloragis, 310
3 disticha, 323
re micrantha, 310
3 oligantha, 311
: tenella, 310
Halpe, 669, 722
» brunnea, 575
* , hazis, 575, 577
» Aomolea, 722
» moorei, 576
* , hyrtacus, 575, 577
zema, 576, 722
Hamadryas, 533
HAMAMELIDE®, 306
Haridra adamsoni, 552
ne aristogiton, 552
a aristogon, 552
de baya, 692
ae connectens, 554
- desa, 552
eg durnfordi, 554
staudingeri, 553
Hasora badra, 723
ot chromus, 724
és simplicissima, 724
M (Parata) chromus, 724
» simplicissima, 724
Hebomoia glaucippe, 712
i javaénsis, 712
HEDYSARE, 22, 27, 33
Hedysarum, 378, 381
oy adhaerens, 142
alatwm, 144, 145, 390, 391
iy alopecuroides, 381
ms arboreum, 137
5 capitatum, 140
4 Cephalotes, 389
ue collinum, 143
"i conicum, 140
2 crinitum, 131
_ cylindricum, 133
diffusum, 142
re dioicwm, 396
Ee diphyllum, 126
a floribundum, 395
He gangeticum, 143
i gyroides, 145
as heterocarpon, 141
in heterophyllum, 186
a lagenarvwm, 129
be lagopodioides, 131, 380
5 Lagopoides, 181
ag laxiflorum, 378
4 Neli-Tali, 128
. nummularifolium, 183
i ormocarpoides, 142
be patens, 141
n pictum, 130
* polycarpum, 140
rf procumbens, 384
" pulchellum, 186 -
748
Hedysarum purpureum, 141
recurvatum, 142
a reptans, 136
me retusum, 141
. rhombifolium, 388, 391
as Rottleri, 142
- Rozxburghii, 142
iS sambuense, 395
a sibiricum, 878
+s siliquosum, 141
+5 stipulacewm, 135
nf striatum, 375
eS strobiliferum, 43
< triflorwm, 125
triquetrum, 144, 145, 390,
391
> wmbellatum, 137, 389
m vaginale, 133
» . varium, 138
Vespertilionis, 182
Hegetsehweilera pulchella, 133
Helcyra chionippe, 685
Hemiandrina borneensis, 17
Hernandia, 345
Herona pringondani, 685
Hesperia distanti, 574
» galba, 610
3» ismene, 574
3» ormenes, 576
plinius, 698
HesPERIADA, 669
HespPeriipa&, 569, 610, 718 |
Hestia, 670
Heteroloma, 134, 142
Hidari irava, 721
Hippurus, 310
Hologlossa, 602, 603
Horaga bellula, 701
» privigna, 701
Humboldtia, 493
-decurrens, 493 |
Huphina, 635, 661, 709
coronis, 708
» _ corva, 708
s »» vaso, 709
dapha, 610
eirene, 709
judith, 709
julia, 709
lea, 709
mentes, 710
naomi, 709
nerissa, 709
phryne, 618, 620, 621, 622, 623,
624, 626, 633, 635, 650,
657, 658, 659, 661, 662,
663, 664, 665, 709
» pitys, 710
Gy tamar, 710
temena, 708
% tenena, 670
Index.
Huphina vaso, 709
Hymeneria, 590
Hypaphorus, 32, 70, 73
Hypochlorosis, 558
Hypolimnas, 618, 623, 631, 634, 635, 636,
638, 639, 642, 643, 644, 646
le anomala, 687
sy bolina, 558, 607, 643, 687
5 misippus, 532,607, 618, 666,
687
4! saundersi, 687
RO Ene, 558
; danisoides, 558, 577
. erylus, 701
” sipylus, 701
Hyptis, 522
» brevipes, 522
» capitata, 522
» pectinata, 522
»» suaveolens, 522
Hysudra hades, 560, 577
Ideopsis, 670
Idmon, 571
Ignota, 221, 487
Ilerda epicles, 700
» tla, 700
5 phoenicoparyphus, 700
Illigera, 327, 342, 345
i appendiculata, 343, 344
.3 . var. Kurzii, 343
Hi e pubescens, 343
5 Coryzadenia, 343
39 Kurz, 343
» lucida, 343, 344
Indigofera, 22, 26, 33, 80, 85, 355
“ Anil, 80, 81, 356
. argentea, 357
var. brachycarpa, 357
cerulea, 356, 357
is e » retusa, 307
- atropurpurea, 357
ee bella, 355
” 9
3) ” ”
* Brunoniana, 355
AS caloneura, 355
es cerulea, 81, 357
. constricta, 356
. cylindracea, 357
: dosua, var. tomentosa, 357
i ferruginea, 81, 82
4 Finlaysoniana, 82
a flaccida, 356
ny x var. constricta, 356
is galegioides, 80
. hirsuta, 80, 81, 356
x indica, 81
“ leptostachyu, 357
KA linifolia, 355
ie marginulata, 356
retusa, 387
* squalida, 355
ss subulata, 356
Didex:
Indigofera sumatrana 81
tinctoria, 80, 81, 356
var. Anal 81
‘5 eM iE 357
trifoliata, 355
trigonelloides, 356
trita, 356
uncinata, 82
Wightit, 357
INDIGOFEREA, 25, 26
*Inessa, 570
* ,, ‘tlion, 571, 577, 721
Inga acutangula, 275
,, attenuata, 266
3, bigemina, 266
bubalina, 265, 266, 268
», clypearia, 270, 274
», contorta, 273
», dimidiata, 274
», dolabriformis, 245
», dulcis, 264
», elliptica, 270, 271, 516, 517
» Finlaysoniana, 251, 273
» grandiflora, 251
» Jiringa, 266, 270, 517
», lignosa, 245
5, lobata, 266
», lucida, 261
» Saman, 252
»» umbrosa, 253
3, ventricosa, 251
aylocarpus, 245—
INGER, 23, 30, 238
INTERVALLATA, 588
Intsia amboinensis, 208
‘5, coriacea, 206, 482
» palembanica, 209, 494
Iphias glaucippe, var. javanensis, 712
Iraota timoleon, 699
Isamia, 675, 677
Lema, 571, 573, 721
a bononia, 573
3) corissa, 573
» jeralia, 573
* ., idyalis, 572, 577
» wmarime, 573
», obscura, 571, 573, 721
» submaculata, 573
vulso, 721
Tamene iluska, 723
3 10NnIs, 723
Isoteinon, 571
te iapis, 721
- indrasana, 573
Itea fragrans, 302, 303
Itys, 571
Ixia, 610
», moulmeinensis, 610
» pirenassa, 610
» pyrene, 610
Tvias baliensis, 708
”
99 ”
749
Ixias Kuhni, 708
» pirene, 708
» pyrene, 708
» reinwardtii, 708
» venilia, 708
Jamides, 697
» bochus, 697
» nicobaricus, 697
Jatana wayewa, 677
Jonesia Asoca, 214
» declinata, 212, 490
», palembanica, 216, 217, 493
» pinnata, 214
» scandens, 217, 493
» triandra, 208, 209, 217, 498, 494
(Sar aca) palembanica, 216
Fuglats Catappa, 331
Junonia, 529, 615, 617, 618, 619, 623,624,
625, 626, 627, 628, 630, 631, 636,
641, 643, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652,
653, 654, 655, 656, 658, 659, 660,
661, 662, 663, 665
» almana, 607, 685
Fe aonis, 686
de asterie, 685
rh » var. sumbe, 686
45 atlites, 685
2 erigone, 686
a hierta, 607
ns laomedia, 665
# lemonias, 607, 686
a ocyale, 686
a orithya, 686
‘ orithyia, 607, 686
a timorensis, 686
if vellida, 686
villida, 686
Kandelia, 311, 312, 317
= Bheedii, 317
Kanilia caryophylloides, 315
» parviflora, 316
Kathsola, 83
*Kerrata lyncus, 544
Keyserlingia, 467
5 Griffithii, 467
Kiesera siricea, 85
Kittacincla macrura, 654, 666
Koompassia, 28, 152, 165, 485
as Beccariana, 166
fy excelsa, 167
Ps matlaccensis, 166, 486
* parvifolia, 166, 486
Rovellietaios hector, 720
zanites, 720
Kraunhia; 86, 358
a acuminata, 361
4 albiflora, 93
4 cauliflora, 94
Ar decipiens, 91, 360
nf Hemsleyana, 90, 360
i macrostachya, 361
750 Index.
Kraunhia multiflora, 359
3 oocarpa, 92
ne puerarioides, 358
Bs racemosa, 359
= unifoliata, 93
Wrightiana, 359, 360
Kunstleria, 26, 33, 109, 464,
* ., Curtisié, 110, 111, 112, 464, 465
aes var, laxiflora, 110,
112, 464,
ts » typica, 110, 464
Pe ah Terre, 110, 112, 465
Wey cs Fobesit, 110, 111, 112, 465
ae Kingu, 110, 112, 465
*
a Ridleyi, 110, 111, 465
LABIATE, 518
Lablab, 54, 429
» cultratus, 55, 430
9 microcarpus, 55, 430
» vulgaris, 55, 430, 431
Lacca lignum, 122
Lampides, 608
, etherialis, 697
Be anops, 698
a aratus, 697
, cxrulina, 697
BA cassioides, 698
* celzno, 697
* celeno, 697
io cleodus, 698
55 elpis, 697
* margarita, 697
do masu, 697
a patinka, 698
oe pseudocassius, 698
4 Saperti, 698
schatzi, 698
Lasiobema, Lt,
504
an anguina, 504
* anguinum, 194
» Horsfieldit, 194
-ASsipz, 661
Lebadea martha, 687
LEGNOTIDEA, 312
Leguminosa, 108, 221, 487
Lecuminosa&, 1, 21, 109, 347, 500
LEMoNIIDA, 555, 692
Leptosia wiphia, 702
_ ,, ehloregrapha, 702
» wphia, 702
Leptospron, 48
Lespedeza, 374
a bicolor, 377
a decora, 377
% eriocarpa, 376
7 2 var. Falconeri, 376
ss Falconeri, 376
a lagopoides, 131
iP macrocarpa, 377
a macrostyla, 376
191, 192, 194, 196, 497,
Lespedeza paniculaat, 376
» parviflora, 377
bt pinetorum, 375
a Prainii, 377
3 Royleana, 377
iF sericea, 374, 376
4 » var. longepetiolata, 374
ss sericophylla, 374,
PY stenocarpa, 376
» stipulacea, 375
striata, 875
Lethe armandina, 546
», dyrta, 678
» europa, 606, 678
* ,, lyncus, 544
5 manthara, 678
» mekara, 553
5, minerva, 678
» ocellata, 545
» simulans, 545
» tristigmata, 545
5 (Debdis) manthara, 678
* ,, (Kerrata) lyncus, 544, 577
(Nemetis) minerva, 678
Leweeena, 30, 238, 245
i. glauca, 246
LIBYTHHTIN”E, 692
Libythea geoffroyi, 692
fe myrrha, 693
“ narina, 692
Lignum Sappan, 229
Limenitis, 616
us brebissonii, 538, 534, 540
“ holland, 688
>» ~— praslini, 583, 584
Bi procris, 688
x * agnata, 688
a neutra, 688
Limnas bataviana, 672
» chrysippus, 672
Limnocryptes gallinula, 525
| Lingowm sawatile, 124
Lioptila capistrata, 64.4
LIOTRICHINA, 613
Liothriz, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620,
621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626,
627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632,
633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638,
639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644,
645, 646, 647, 666, 667
luteus, 614, 666
Liparis deflexa, 583
» Prazeri, 582
» rostrata, 583
Liquidambar tricuspis, 308
Loesa oroatis, 678
Logania, 694
. Lahomius, 694
“A marmorata, 694
- massalia, 694
> sriwa, 694
ee |
LONCHOCARPEA, 26
Loncuocarrvs, 109, 464
Lophoides, 571, 721
Lotus, 355
» corniculatus, 355
» fluminensis, 57
Lourea, 28, 34, 131
» campanulata, 384
» Vespertilionis, 1382
Lozura atymnus, 701
Lumnitzera, 327, 334
39 coccinea, 334
$5 littorea, 334
sh pentandra, 334
ad racemosa, 334
Lupinus cochinchinensis, 38
Lyceua ronus, var. angustior, 557
Ss me 5, celebensis, 557
i = » coherens, 557
» subperusia, 696 °
Lycenesthes lycenina, 607, 695
LYcEZNID®, 556, 607, 693
Lysiphyllum, 176, 178, 500, 501
Macrocatycin#, 385
Macrolobium bijugum, 208
Macrotropis bancana, 150
Py swmatrana, 150, 151
Maingaya, 307
es malayana, 807
Malacias capistrata, 666
Malaparius, 96, 454, 457, 480
# flavus, 95
MALAXIDEA, 578
Maranthus multiflora, 283
Marmessus ravindra, 701
Martanda janardana, 677
Mastersia, 417, 464
a, assamica, 417
i cleistocarpa, 417
Matapa aria, 721
» shalgrama, 721
Megisba malaya, 694
Melanitis belinda, 679
+ constantia, 670, 680
sd cruentula, 679
ee ismene, 606, 679
Se leda, 679
Melilotus, 354
“ indica, 354
* Melynias exclusa, 681
a kamara, 681
fe pretextata, 680
Menama deheerii, 674
n suavissima, 674
Mentha perilloides, 522
Merganser comatus, 528
serrator, 528
Mesia, 645, 646, 647, 666
» argentauris, 644, 666
Mesona, 519
Metrosideros amboinensis, 208
Index.
751
Mezoneuron, 29, 158, 282, 235, 470, 471
andamanicum, 232, 233, 234,
472
Balansez, 472
cucullatum, 232
enneaphyllum, 471, 472
furfuracewm, 471, 472
glabrum, 471, 472
hymenocarpum, 232, 233, 472
Kunstleri, 232, 233, 472
pubescens, 2338, 472
sinense, 228, 470
sulphureum, 472
sumatranum, 232, 235, 472
Micorlespedeza, 375
Micropera, 596
Micropteryx, 70, 71
*Microstylis andamanica, 582
9
Wallichii, 582
Microtena, 519
9
”
cymosa, 519
robusta, 519
Microtropis coriacea, 322
Millettia, 26, 33, 86, 96, 108, 109, 358, 359
361, 362, 456, 459, 460, 463
acuminata, 361
albiflora, 87, 91, 92, 94, 364
atropurpurea, 87, 89
auriculata, 363
borneensis, 362
Brandisiana, 359
cana, 359
caudata, 364
cauliflora, 87, 94, 363
cinerea, 362
cerulea, 87, 91
decipiens, 87, 90, 96, 360, 362
456
dehiscens, 90, 91, 96, 360, 362
Dorwardi, 361
eriantha, 87, 88, 363
extensa, 363
glaucescens, 87, 89, 90, 359, 360,
362
Hemsleyana, 87, 90, 360, 362
letogyna, 359, 363
macrophylla, 94, 363
macrostachya, 361
Maingayi, 87, 91, 92, 364,
monticola, 109, 361, 463
multiflora, 359
oocarpa, 87, 92, 365
ovalifolia, 91
pachycarpa, 107, 361, 460
pubinervis, 90, 359, 360, 362
puerarioides, 358
pulchra, 358, 363
» var. tomentosa, 358
racemosa, 359, 363
sericea, 87, 88, 358
re var. malaccensis, 88
752 Index.
penta sericea, var. typica, 88 ° Mucuna pruriens, 65, 68, 409
». stipularis, 363 “f prurita, 69
s tetr aptera, 90 ie recta, 427
a thyrsiflora, 100 r utilis, 69
‘ tomentosa, 358 Murwar eda eudamippus, 692
» .unifoliata, 87, 93, 364 . : jovis, 692
+ Wrightiana, 359, 362 Mycalesis, 606
Mimosa, 30, 238, 246, 506 » janardana, 677
3 diglobosa, 240 < medus, 677
- brachyloba, 506 . merops, 677
oy corniculata, 515 - aN oroatis, 678
i Djiringa, 266, 517 3 perseus, 677
» dulcis, 263 is » wayewa, 677
A eburnea, 506 a (Culysisme) perseus, 677 J
es elata, 260, 518, 515 ” (Jatana) wayewa, 677
» Farnesiana, 249 2 (Loesa) oroatis, 678
“a heterophylla, 275 -. (Martanda) janardana, 677
» Jdiringa, 266 . (Orsotriena) secur 677
#, Kalkora, 511 Myri inte danis, 558
— Keringa, 266, 267 ~ . | Myriophyllum, 310
“ lucida, 261 53 indicum, 311
¥ marginata, 259 ae intermedium, 811
ae microphylla, 255 » + Uneare, 311
J5 natans, 245 variefolium, 311
h niamensis, 506 Myrobalanu citrina, 329 ,
+5 nigrescens, 248 ms Nacaduba, 608
es odoratissima, 259 . i. aberrans, 697
me pedunculata, 239 is amaura, 697
re procera, 260 * ancyra, 696
%: pudica, 246, 247, 506 “ ardates, 696
. scandens, 242 i atrata, 696
ae sepiaria, 247 i dana, 696
eS Sirissa, 258 7 ms gawra, 697
BS Smithiana, 256, 515 hermus, 696
is speciosa, 258 a laura, 696 ’
F stipulacea, 256 “s macrophthalma, 696
a stipulata, 256 ‘o maniana, 697
i trapezifolia, 274 a noreia, 696
xylocarpa, 245 > perusia, 696
Mimose, 22, 23, 29, 237 ; "1 pseustis, 697
MOo.LLIFoLia, 583 subperusia, 696
Molpastes bengalensis, 616, 625, 626, 667 Narathura, 669, 700
i leucotis, 626, 667 Nasuma haruhasa, 672
Mucuna, 23, 25, 34, 64, 404 » wtwmare, 553
a acuminata, 65, 67, 408 5 tatimanu, 672
cS anguina, 66, 67 Nectaria, 670
5 atropurpurea, 67, 406, 407, 408 Nellia-tandale-cotti, 41
mS biplicuta, 64, 66, 406, 407 NEMEOBIINA, 555, 693
ES bracteata, 67, 409 Nemetis minerva, 678
me capitata, 409 ' Neocollettia, 386
- corymbosa, 68 ” gracilis, 386
” cyanosperma, 65 Neopithecops zalmora, 694
Pf exserta, 409 NEoTTIEsx, 597
“4 gigantea, 65, 68, 405, 406, 407, | Nepeta aristata, 522
408 Nepheronia, 627, 628, 657, 712
‘ imbricata, 64, 65, 406, 407, 408 nA ga, 610 “
sy Junghuhniana, 407 » , Mppa, 610, 616, 620, 622,
BE Junghuhnianum, 65 624, 627, 628, 634,
a mucrocarpa, 406, 407, 409 644, 654, 657, 658,
- monosperma, 64, 66, 406, 407, 666
408, 409 a valeria, 712
Index. yi:
Nepheronia valeria sundana, 712
Neptis, 533, 629, 637, 639, 641, 642, 646,
663, 688
» aceris, 687
» bvatara, 686
» brebissonii, 533, 534, 540
», columella, 687
» dorcas, 539, 541
» eurymene, 607
» hordonia, 686
» kamar upa, 530, 629, 633
» lactaria, 535, 537, 538, 539, 541
an leucothoé, 607, 621, 687
» mnandina, var. sumba, 687
* ., nausicaa, 537, 539, 541
» nectens, 548
* ., nemeus, 538, 539, 541
» papua, 535, 536, 539
*
» praslini, 533, 534, 535, 536, 539,
541
» satina, 539, 541
» shepherdi, 549
» soma, var. swmba, 687
», sumba, 687
» susruta, 687
» vikasi, 686
» (Limenitis) brebissonii, 533
» (Phedyma) columella, 687
Bes nectens, 548, 577
(Rahinda) hordonia, 686
Neptunia, 30, 237, 244:
ts oler acea, 244
Neurocarpum, 56
” cajanifolia, 57
Ms retusum, 57
Neustanthus chinensis, 419
ye phaseoloides, 61
Nicholsonia, 28, 33, 34, 184, 189
reptans, 135
Niphanda tesselata, 695
Me tessellata, 695
Nomismia, 436
Nora obsoleta, 689 .
Notocrypta albifascia, 721
bs feisthamelii, 721
Nuga sylvarwm, 227
Nugaria, 225, 227, 470
Nychitona aiphia, 610
NYMPHALIDA, 543, 670
NYMPHALINA, 547, 607, 682
Nyroca africana, 525, 526
' 5, dbaeri, 525
: Oberonia Bertoldi, 581
a caudata, 581
& caulescens, 581
a ciliolata, 581
a demissa, 579, 580
* °*3,° ‘ Gammiei, 578
* aS intermedia, 579
» tridifolia, 578, 579
is micrantha, 579, 680
Oberonia orbicularis, 580
a pachyphylla, 580
i pachyrachis, 580
‘3 Prainiana, 582
Wide Prowdlockii, 580
= recurva, 578, 579
* — Ritaii, 579
Pini. es Rolfeana, 581
* subnavicularis, 579
Ocimum, 522:
Ocybadistes marnas, 722
Odina chrysomelena, 570
» hieroglyphica, 570
», ortygia, 569, 577
Odontoptilum, 720
* angulata, 720
hyperides, 720
Ouciaun Papilio, 588
Onobrychis, 373
is aucheri, 374
a lawiflora, 374
nummularia, 374
% Stewartii, 373
tavernierzfolia, 374
OPHRYDER, 600
ORCHIDACER, 578
*Orchis sub-rotunda, 600
Ormocarpum, 27, 33, 127, 379
* glabrum, 127, 379
sennoides, 127, 379
Or mosta, 28, 34, 146, 151, 467, 468
af coarctata, 151, 468
Be decimjuga, 468
a glauca, 149, 467
eo Sr grneiles, 147, 148, 468
» _ macrodisca, 147, 148, 149, 467
7 microsperma, 147, 150, 151, 468,
469
var. Ridleyi, 468,
151
29 ” » typica, 151
AS Nae nitida, 147, 149, 468
“4 parviflora, 147, 149
ie parvifolia, 469
it Ridleyi, 151, 469
m scandens, 147, 467
95 septemjuga, 468
is sumatrana, 147, 150, 151, 468,
469
” 3?
* #
venosa, 147, 150, 152
Ornithoptera helena sagittatus, 713
is nats, 713
A » Var. sambavana, 713
ee socrates, 713
Orsotriena medus, 677
Orthosiphon, 520
me Parishit, 521
‘ rubicundus, 520
var. macrocarpa,
520
rigida, 520
3? bP)
3 33 ”
754
Index.
Orthosiphon scapiger, 521
9
stamineus, 521
Wattii, 520
Ostryodium, 42, 436
Otocompsa emeria, 614, 626, 667
Otosema, 87, 360, 363
Outea bijuga, 208
Ozxyramphis, 376
?
sericea, 376
stenocarpa, 876°
Oxytrovis, 348
Pachyrhizus, 24, 32, 53, 518
angulatus, 53, 518
radiatus, 518
Thunbergianus, 419
trilobus, 54
tuberosus, 518
Padraona, 610
9
”?
dara, 722
gola, 722
mesoides, 610
paragola, 574, 577
Pahudia, 202, 494
9
weylocarpa, 494
Pamphila, 722
3)
Pangerana nya, 715
Pangeranopsis elephenor, 567
Papilio, 610, 618, 620, 624, 651, 658, 655,
yulso, 721
656, 660, 663, 713
adonarensis, 718
agamemnon, 718
alcibiades, 717
antiphates, 717
javanicus, 717
antiphus, 714, 715
aristeus, 717
aristolochiz, 5380, 531,
617, 618,
622, 624,
627, 629,
634, 635,
645, 646,
650, 651,
654, 656,
659, 660,
664, 665,
714, 715, 716
- antiphus, 714
lombockensis, 714
austrosundanus, 714
agion, 718
bianor, 568
biseriatus, 716
callidice, 568
camorta, 714
canopus, 716
» var, subanus, 670
5» wmbrosus, 670
elathratua, 716
clytia, 637
648,
532, 616,
619, 620,
625, 626,
632, 633,
636, 639,
649,
652, 653,
657, 658,
662, 663,
666, 667,
Papilio coronis, 708
»
>
crocale, 705
demoleus, 580, 531, 610, 615, 617,
618, 619, 620, 621, 622,
623, 624, 625, 626, 627,
628, 629, 630, 631, 633,
635, 637, 688, 639, 645,
646, 648, 649, 650, 651,
652, 653, 654, 655, 656,
657, 658, 659, 660, 661,
662, 663, 664, 665, 715
sthenelinus, 715
demuteol, 415
dialis, 567
doddsi, 566
elephenor, 567, 568
erichthonius, 715
erithonius, 610, 715
eurypilides, 718
eurypilus, 718
eurypylides, 718
eurypylus, 531, 628, 637, 643, 645,
717,
exilis, 718
fulgens, ‘717
helenus, 715, 716
hermocrates, 717
indicus, 568
10, 033
jugans, 718
latreillei, 566
lombockensis, 714
macareus indicus, 568
maremba, 717
memnon, 716
merapu, 716
minereus, 566
neumegent, 717
nomius, 631
now, 715
nyx, 715
oreon, 714
palawanicus, 715
panope, 644, 645, 646
peranthus, 717
3 fulgens, 717
- intermedius, 717
9 phebus, 717
phrontis, 568
pictus, 715
polites, 580, 531,
621, 622,
626,
632,
640,
651,
658,
polla, 565, 566
polynices, 568
polytes, 716
pomona, 708
617,
623,
628,
634,
648,
654,
666,
619, 620,
624, 625,
629, 630,
637, 638,
649, 650,
656, 657,
716
Papilio sallastius, 717, 718
» sarpedon, 718
adonarensis, 718
a - jugans, 718
» sumbanus, 715, 716
» telicanus, 698
» theseus, 716
» transiens, 717
» umbrosus, 716
‘5, wenocles, 568, 569
» (Byasa) ‘latreillei, 566
ss 5 polla, 565, 577
» (Pangerana) nyz, "15
» (Pangeranopsis) elephenor, 567
* ., (Paranticopsis) phrontis, 568
ante polynices, 568
( Sarbar ia) bianor, 568
x =A doddsi, 566, 577
(Vanessa) io, 583
PAPILIONACEA, 22, 23, 31
PAPILIONIDA, 562, 702
PAPILIONINA, 565, 713
Paraderris, 98, 106
Paragerydus horsfieldi, 694,
“a moorei, 694
* Paranticopsis phrontis, 568
* s polynices, 568
eprarrerss, 563
43 chumbiensis, 568, 577
Parastemon, 276, 284
‘a urophyllum, 285
Parata, 669, 724
» chromus, 724
» malayana, 724
» simplicissima, 724
Pareba vesta, 682
Parinarium, 276, 284
”? >”?
ys asperulum, 277, 280, 281, 282,
283
“a costatum, 277, 280
* uM elatum, 277, 280
de glaberrimum, 282
33 Grifithianum, 277, 283
heteropetalwm, 277, 283
* ef Kunstleri, 277, 282
* ee Maingayi, 277, 280
“ multiflorum, 283
- nitidum, 277, 284
Pa oblongifolium, 277, 279, 281
i polyneurum, 277, 278
mn scabrum, 277, 280, 281
% Es spicatum, 277, 279
sumatranum, 278, 279
tees 29, 237, 238, 239, 506
mn africana, 240
» bviglandulosa, 238, 241
» bdiglobosa, 240, 241
» Brunonis, 240
» graveolens, 241
» tmntermedia, 240, 241
» etophylla, 241
Index. 750
Parkia macrocarpa, 241, 506
Rorburghii, 238, 289, 241
» speciosa, 238, 240, 506
PARKIEA, 23, 29, 237
Parnara, 669, 723
bada, 610
- brunnea, 722
ai colaca, 723
sj conjuncta, 723
3 contigua, 723
« guttatus, 723
mathias, 722
”?
a narooa, 723
3 sinensis, 723
a toona, 723
, tulsi, 723
3 (Chapra) brunnea, 722
) - mathias, 722
se sinensis, 723
Par: rand, 404:
Parthenos, 684
Pauletia, 176, 178
Pellacalyzx, 312, 320
:. axillaris, 320, 321
2 Saccardianus, 320, 321
Peltophorwm, 29, 153, 223, 225, 471
4 dasvaelin, 224,
ae ferrugineum, 224
* pe grande, 225, 471
Penoa, 675
» eyndhovit, 675
» geyert, 675
» pinwilli, 675
Pentaptera bialata, 332
Periplaneta americana, 528, 532
Peristylus, 604
* evilis, 604
Petaloma alternifolia, 335
Petrocarpa sumatrana, 278
Phedyma columella, 687
» heliopolis, 549
“4; nectens, 548
Phalenopsis Esmeralda, 591
* Mastersii, 591
Phanera, 176, 179, 191, 192, 196, 497, 504
PP albo- lutea, 182, 003
bidentata, 188
Ae diphylla, 178
* diptera, 193, 500, 501
a elongata, 181
ne excelsa, 183, 185. 499, 502
ferruginea, 185, 502
+ Finlaysoniana, 190
* glabrifolia, 193, 500
rs glauca, 186
4 Grifithiana, 184, 503
integrifolia, 192
Fe lucida, 188
purpurea, 180
. semibifida, 182
3 sumatrana, 183, 499, 602
756 Index.
Phanera variegata, 505
PHASEOLEA, 22, 23, 31, 425, 464
PHASEOLIDA, 426, 431
Phaseolodes, 358
sericeum, 88
Phaseoloides, 86, 358
Phaseolus, 24, 32, 47, 421, 425, 426, 427,
430, 434
“8 aconitifolius, 421
i adenanthus, 47, 48, 421, 431
re alatus, 49
- amarus, 49
as Atsuki, 422
a aureus, 422
a calcaratus, 48, 49, 422, 423,
424, 425
” 9 var. glabra, 422,
424,
” ” »» gracilis, 50,
425
” ” ” major, 424
» ” », umbaiya,
4.24
typica, 50,
425
% Clarkeanus, 424
% decurrens, 420
Ps decurvus, 61, 420
. difformis, 53
; dolichoides, 427
aS fuscus, 425, 434 -
fe glaber, 422, 424
ra grandis, 427
ue Hernandezii, 423
Es hirtus, 50, 424
a lucens, 427
i lunatus, 47, 48
Ri luteus, 50
Bn Maz, 422, 423
an Mungo, 48, 50, 422, 423, 424,
425, 430, 518
var. radiatus, 51, 422
Roxburgh, 423
Vera, 4238
9? ) ”?
”» ” ”
obovatus, 52
A pauciflorus, 421
Ba pubescens, 50
yadiatus, 51, 422, 423, 425, 430
” var. aurea, 422
grandis, 422
Wightiana, 422
typica, 422
2 ”
PP) »
bP) ”
- repens, 428
Ricciardianus, 423
var. macro-
carpa, 424
? ”»
rostratus, 49
Roxburghii, 423
- senegalensis, 49
® setulosus, 423 [429
‘o sublobatus, 50, 51, 422, 423,
Phaseolus sublobatus, var. grandiflora, 423
setulosa, 423
tenuicaulis,
421
” »» typica, 423
+ subvoluhdlen 423, 425
Py tenuicaulis, 421, "430
Pr torosus, 50, 424,
Mf trilobus, 48, 49, 421, 423
‘ trinervius, 51, 422, 423, 429
+P) ” ”
? 23 ”
<3 truxillensis, 49
ie velutinus, 425, 427, 429
i vexillatus, 429
* vulgaris, 48
P Wightianus, 423
Wightu, 423
Phasianus, 524
humiz, 523
Pholidota advena, 590
~ Wattii, 590
peal ox 22, 27, 28, 34, 129, 386
ss bracteosum, 129, 387
majus, 387
Phyllodium, 134, 136
‘ pulchellwm, 137
PIERIDA, 712
PrieRin”#, 562, 610, 702
Pieris agave, 711
» amalia, 709
» amasene, 711
» coronea, 710
» dubernadi, 563, 564
» galathea, 711
», julia, 709
, marshalli, 563
5 mentes, 710
» neombo, 711
» nerissa, 709
» pitys, 710
» synchroma, 710
» vaso, 709
5, woe, TLL
», (Aporia) marshallr, 563
» (Huphina) julia, 709
= vaso, 709
Pinus Khasiana, 592
Piper Betle, 84, 519
Piptanthus, 348
or nepalensis, 348
Pirdana distanti, 574, 577
: hyela, 574
» pavona, 574
rudolphii, 574
(Hesperia) distanti, 574
Pithecolobium, 30, 238, 252, 253, 261, 507,
514, 517
mm acutangulum, 275
i, affine, 262, 269, 515
- angulatum, 263, 274
7 var. hetero-
» phylla, 275
Index.
Pithecolobium angulatum, var. intermedia,
275
bigeminum, 266, 272, 515,
518
* var. bubalina,
268
bubalinwm, 238, 262, 264,
267, 268, 289,
516
Clypearia, 263, 273, 275
confertum, 262, 264, 516
contortum, 263, 272, 274
dulce, 252, 262, 263
ellipticum, 262, 270, 516
fasciculatum, 270, 271, 516,
517
glomeriflorum, 514, 517
Jiringa, 267
Koeringa, 266, 267
Kunstleri, 262, 271, 517
lobatwm, 262, 265, 271, 517
macrophyllum, 270, 271,
SIG, 017
microcarpum, 262, 268, 516
nicobaricum, 262, 267, 516
oppositum, 267, 268, 269,
516
Saman, 252
splendens, 516
Teysmanni, 271, 517
Pithecops hylaw, 694
Plastingia cwneiformis, 570
hieroglyphica, 570
Platyglossa, 603
Plebeius lucianus, 697
”
subfestivus, 697
Plectranthus, 521
*
9
Pd
”
fulvescens, 521
Kunstleri, 521
urticifolius, 521
Plesioneura restricta, 721
Pleurolobiwm, 34, 145
Podiceps albipennis, 728
39
3)
3
”
cristatus, 726
fluviatilis, 727
major, 727
nigricollis, 727
(Aechmophorus) major, 727
PoviciPEeDIDm, 725
Podocarpium,"134, 138
Podocarpwm, 397
Pogonia, 598
*
¥*
biflora, 597
cuprea, 597
foliosa, 598
Khasiann, 597
macroglossa, 598
Parishiana, 597
Pogostemon, 518, 519
3)
)
Heyneanus, 519
parviflorus, 518, 519
757
Pogostemon Patchouli, 519
9
9°
s var. suavis, 519
swavis, 519
Poinciana pulcherrima, 228
”
Roxburghii, 224
Polydontia arborea, 292
Polyommatus beticus, 609, 699
Polyosma, 297, 299
*
coriacea, 299, 300
fragrans, 309, 302
tlicifolia, 300
integrifolia, 300, 301, 302
oF var. typica, 303
» Wallichvi, 303
lete- vir ens, 300, 303
longe- pedicellata, 305
mutabilis, 300, 301, 308, 304
parviflora, 299, 300
Ridleyi, 300, 304
Scortechinit, 809, 301
velutina, 300, 304, 305
Wallichii, 303
Polystorthia, 292
Polytela gloriose, 530, 531
PoMEs, 276
Pongam, 96, 202, 456, 457, 479
Pongamia, 26, 33, 94, 96, 100, 108, 109,
202, 362, 456, 457, 479
amena, 106
atropurpurea, 89
coerulea, 91
coriacea, 161
crassifolia, 79
dehiscens, 91, 360, 456
dubia, 107
elegans, 103
elliptica, 107
floribunda, 103
glabra, 91, 94, 96, 202, 360,
455, 456, 483
Bi var. typica, 95, 456
werocarpa, 95, 96,
97, 456,
457
grandifolia, 95, 96, 98, 456
Horsfieldii, 107
hypoleuca, 107
mitis, 95, 456
obovata, 100, 459, 462
rigida, 416
rosea, 78, 414, 415
sericea, 88
sinuata, 98
uliginosa, 108, 105, 458 461
volubilis, 107
werocarpa, 95, 406
oP ”?
Pontes nina, 72
”
rapx, 645
Porphyrio, 729
Precis ida, 685
9?
uphita, 685
758
Priotropis eytisoides, 41
Prothoe franckii, 692
PRUNES, 276
Prunus, 276, 285
» martabanica, 285
var. Scortechinii,
286
9 »”
Pseudarthria capitata, 140
polycarpa, 145
Pseudocynometra, 196, 200
Pseudonotis, 558
Psilorhegma, 154, 157
Psophocarpus, 24, 32, 55, 426, 428, 429
3 tetragonolobus, 55
Psoralea, 357
7 corylifolia, 357
e drupacea, 357
PTEROCARPES, 26
Pterocarpus, 26, 38, 96, 123, 218, 453, 457,
462
= dalbergioides, 123, 124, 453,
454, 455
na Draco, 124
5 flavus, 454
Q floribundus, 99, 455, 462, 463
4 indicus, 123, 125, 453, 455
2 macrocarpus, 455
Me Marsupium, 455
a rs var. acuminata,
455
%9 » __typica, 455
" obtusatus, 124, 455
¥ sawatilis, 124, 454
“ uliginesus, 103
es Wallichit, 458, 455
Zollingeri, 124, 455
Pter aes as, 596
Pterolobiwm, 29, 158, 235, 472
- densiflorwm, 235, 236, 473
3 indicum, 286, 472, 473
¥3 % var. macropterwm,
236, 473
e + » microphyllum,
236, 473
a lacerans, 231, 236, 237
3 macropterwm, 235, 237, 473
7 microphyllum, 236, 237, 473
z punctatum, 237
Pteroloma, 184, 143
Ae auriculatum, 145
triquetrum, 144
Puer aria, 25, 32, 61, 402, 408, 419
= anabaptista, 402
rs brachycarpa, 420
a Candollei, 419
Ps Collettii, 420
ms composita, 419
i. hirsuta, 420
- phaseoloides, 61, 420, 421
* sikkimensis, 419
<4 stricta, 420
Index.
Pueraria strobilifera, 403
ie subspicata, 61, 420
-. Thomsont, 419
5 Thunbergiana, 419
is tuberosa, 419
5 Wallichii, 419
Pungam, 479
Pungamia, 456, 457, 459, 479
Pucnonotus sinensis, 626
Pyctorhis sinensis, 647
Pyyeum, 276, 286
‘5 acuminatum, 287, 289, 290
im arboreum, 292
m brevifolium, 287, 293
miv4, grandiflorum, 286, 288
» Grifithti, 287, 293
us Hookerianum, 287, 293
.; intermedium, 286, 288
Lampongum, 291
a laneeolatum, 286, 289
is Maingayi, 286, 288
Wi se ovalifolium, 287, 292
iF parviflorum, 287, 291
m var. densa, 287, 292
“ persimile, 287, 291
r polystachyum, 287, 290
epee Scortechinit, 287, 290
SMA stipulaceum, 286, 287
Pyramets cardui, 689
s dejeanii, 690
Pyrranthus albus, 3835
+h littoreus, 334:
Pyrrotricha tuberosa, 44
Pyrus, 276, 296
» granulosa, 297
» Karensium, 297
» sikkimensis, 297
Quisqualis, 327, 341
* *
as densiflora, 341
os ebracteata, 342
A glabra, 342
a indica, 341, 842
4 longiflora, 342
Hf Loureiri, 3842
B pubescens, 342
* sinensis, 342
villosa, 342
Radena, 670, 671.
» juventa, 671
» kambera, 671
» obertheurii, 671
» vulgaris, 670
Rahinda hordonia, 686
Rana tigrina, 528
Rapala, 702
5, albapex, 560, 577
» deliochus, 702
» domitia, 560
», tarbas, 702
» garbas, 702
» orsets, 702
Rapala pheretima, 702
» schistacea, 702
» suffusa, 702
» varuna, 702
Rasuma lewa, 676
Ravadeba, 673
- philo, 673
Ravadebra philo, 673
Reickardia decapetala, 229
Rhinopalpa elpinice, 690
Rhizophora, 311, 312, 314, 316, 317
a apiculata, 313
en Candel, 318
43 candelaria, 313
Fe caryophylloides, 315
conjugata, 312, 313
an cylindrica, 316
decandra, 317
gymnorrhiza, 314
ee latifolia, 313
macrorrhiza, 313
Mangle, 313
mucronata, 312
¥5 parviflora, 316
timorensis, 317
RuizoPHoRER, 311, 319
Rhodoleia, 307, 309
ms Teysmanni, 309
Rhopalocampta subcaudata, 724
RHOPALOCERA, 533
Rhynchosia, 435, 4386
acutissima, 436
aurea, 40, 435, 436
avensis, 435
biflora, 46
bracteata, 45, 436
capitata, 435
crotalarioides, 43, 440
densiflora, 436
Grahami, 44
lucida, 70
mollissima, 436
pilosu, 436
rufescens, 435
scarabxoides, 46
suaveolens, 435
virgata, 44
Rhynchosioides, 431, 433
RHYNCOLOBIUM, 44
Rhytidoceros narcondami, 523
Robinia candida, 85
» mitis, 95
» wliginosa, 102, 458
RoBIniIEz, 25, 26
Rohana nakula, 548, 685
RosacEem@, 275
Rourea, 2, 11, 15
» acuminata, 11, 12
* ., anomala, 11
» commutata, 11, 12
», concolor, 11, 15
Index.
759
Rouwrea dasyphylla, 21
fulgens, 11, 15
» humilis, 11, 13
» monadelpha, 13
» paraliela, 11, 14 ,
ne var. major, 14
Ae parvifolia, 15
» pulchella, 11, 13
» rugosa, 11, 14
» similis, 14
+ simplicifolia, 12
sororia, 14
Roureopsis, 2,15
indeterminata, 16
a pubinervis, 15, 16
F Scortechinit, 15, 16
ee 276
Rubiacea, 322
Rubus, 276, 294
» acerifolius, 295
» alceefolius, 295
» asper, 296
» cordifolius, 295
» elongatus, 294, 295
Fairholnianus, 295
» glomeratus, 294, 295
a By var. gracilis, 295
» Hamiltonianus, 295
» Hasskarlii, 295
» Lobbianus, 296
» macrocarpus, 295
» micropetalus, 295
», moluccanus, 294
He var. alcexfolia, 295
es punts, 296
» reflexus, 295
rosxfolius, 294, 296
» «rugosus, 295
Ruticilla, 654
Saccolabiwm, 593, 594
9
bf ampullaceum, 592
4 calceolare, 594
* ‘¥ coarctatum, 592
* . Collettianwm, 592
* es crassilabre, 593
a longifolium, 592
ochraceum, 592
Sagotia, 134, 1385
As triflora, 135
Salatura genutia partita, 672
iS intensa, 672
/ litoralis, 673
plesippus, 672
Saletara nathalia, 712
Salping leucostictos, 677
fy meizon, 677
Sancus pulligo, 720
Sapindacea, 78
Sappania, 225, 228
Saraca, 29, 153, 209, 210, 217, 489, 490,
491, 493 .
760
paras arborescens, 214
», bijuga, 210, 214, 489, 490
» cauliflora, 210, 211, 212, 490
» declinata, 210, 211, 213, 490, 493
» Grifithiana, 491
* ,, Hullettii, 492
» indica, 210, 214, 215, 489, 491
ie » var. latifolia, 489
“4 55 puberula, 489, 491 ©
se Kunstleri, 210, 213, 491
* ,, latistipulata, 211, 217, 493
», Lobbiana, 214, 490, 491
» macroptera, 210, 215, 216, 492
” ”» var. parviflora, 216,
492
» » typica, 492
ss minor, 215,489 |
» var. bijuga, 489
= » typica, 489
bs palembanica, 210, 216, 217, 491,
492, 493°
» thatpingensis, 210, 211, 218, 490
» triandra, 211, 216, 490, 491, 492
Zollingeriana, 489, 491
Sarbaria bianor, 568
i“: doddsi, 566
Sarcanthus appendiculatus, 594
Mice Kunstleri, 594, 595
ie Rolfeanus, 594
“ee sagittatus, 595
Williamsoni, 595
Sarcochiiue, 596
Ke brachyglottis, 593
Satarupa dire, 719
SatTyRIN&#, 544, 677
SAXIFRAGACER, 297
Schotia, 204, 481
Scobura, 721
Scorpiurus, 28, 34, 134, 141
Selenolobium, 113, 116, 120, 122, 443, 445,
449, 452
Selinda, 676
» eleusina, 676
Senna, 154, 158
35 alata, 162
» arborescens, 158
» esculenta, 161
» glauca, 477
» occidentalis, 161
» sensitiva, 165
», Sophera, 161
> sumatrana, 164
» tenella, 165
» Tora, 159
toroides, 159, 475
Serianthes, 30, 288, 251
4 gr andiflora, 251
Sesbania, 26, 38, 82, 366, 369
% aculeata, 366, 367, 369
var. cannabina, 83
,, elatior, 869
>) ”
) »
Index.
Sesbania aculeata, var. paludosa, 88, 367
“4 ns »» sericea, 368
» 5, typica, 369
‘5 sxgyptiaca, 83, 366, 367, 368
var. bicolor, 367
” ” 5, picta, 367
”» 5» typica, 367
an iofnea. 83, 368
mS cannulae, 82, 83, 366, 368, 369
A cochinchinensis} 83, 367, 369
» grandiflora, 82, 88, 84, 366, 367,
370
bP) ”
» paludosa, 82, 366, 367, 368, 369
» picta, 367
» polyphylla, 83
»» procumbens, 366, 369
» punctata, 83, 367
» sericea, 366, 368
uliginosa, 366, 368, 369
Shuteria, 401, 402, 403
Ms bracteosa, 403
a ferruginea, 402
oS ‘ var. bracteosa, 403
aa », typica, 402
3 densiflora, 402, 403
4 glabrata, 402
3 hirsuta, 402, 403
* involucrata, 403
7 suffulta, 403
o vestita, 401, 402, 403
4 » var. densiflora, 402
= + » glabrata, 402
a involucrata, 403
Sidia, 644, 645, 646, 666
SIBIINA, 613
Sindora, 29, 158, 201, 206, 457, 479, 482,
494
* cochinchinensis, 205, 481, 482
af coriacea, 208, 206, 209, 481, 482
* Echinocalyx, 208, 204, 480,
481, 482
m Galedupa, 207, 480, 481, 483
a intermedia, 203, 204, 206, 480,
481, 482
¥ stamensis, 480, 481
. sumatrana, 205, 206, 207, 480,
481, 482, 483
at sumatrana, var. javanica, 483
as velutina, 202, 208, 205, 480,
481, 482
Ns Wallichiana, 202, 203, 204, 205,
480, 481, 482
fs Wallichii, 2038, 204, 480, 481,
482
% a var. intermedia, 205
ovalifolia, 204
siamensis, 481
”» ) ”
”» ” ”
Sinthusa, 702
* amata, 702
a4 amba, 702
i malika, 702
|
|
i
1
Index.
Sissoa, 113, 114, 116, 122, 443, 445, 446,
449
Sithon danis, 558
Smithia, 27, 33, 126, 378
. abyssinica, 127
a aspera, 128
oh bigemina, 378
bs blanda, 379
As » var. humilis, 379
is » racemosa, 379
ua ciliata, 378
Be dichotoma, 378
» flava, 378
iy grandis, 379
om hirsuta, 379
es humilis, 379
» javanica, 127, 378
2 salsuginea, 378
A sensitiva, 126, 378
» var. flore majore, 378
Soja hispida, 403
Sola, 83
Sophora, 28, 34, 146, 466, 467
5 acuminata, 466
ae Bakeri, 466
o Dunii, 466
3 glabra, 146
» — Griffithii, 467
Pe lupinoides, 348
a mollis, 467
ae » var. Duthiet, 467
> ae Prazeri, 466
e tomentosa, 146
Wightii, 466
SoPpHoRER, 22, 28
SPECIOSA, 592
Spirea pinnata, 299
Spulgis epius, 694
Spatholobus, 25, 32, '74, 77, 78, 79, 109,
412, 414, 416, 417, 464
= acuminatus, 74, 76, 77, 100,
413, 415, 416,
462
* 5 bracteolatus, 74, 76, 418, 417
a crassifolius,
75,78, 80, 415,
416
So) dubiusy'75, 78) 417
iy ferrugineus, 74, 75, 76, 413
ye gyrocarpus, 74, 75, '76, 77, 413
* ~. Listeri, 76, 415, 416
> littoralis, '78, 417
© macropterus, 79, 80, 417
_ 3: Maingayi, 75, 79, 416, 417
* E merguensis, 416
is purpureus, 414
ee Me Ridleyi, 75,80, 417
a rigidus, 416
* pA riparius, 76, 78, 414, 416
‘ roseus, 414, 415, 416
» Rowburghii, 75,77, 412, 413
var, denudata, 413
” 7
761
Spatholobus Roxburgh, var. platycarpa,
412
squamiger, 76, 414, 415
Stenotr opis, 70
Stereochilus, 596
- hirtus, 596
* Wattu, 595
Stictoplea lacordairei, 669, 677
= melolo, 67 7
Stizolobium, 65, 67, 68, 404, 405, 406, 407,
409
i bracteatum, 409
. capitatum, 409
r giganteum, 68)
o umbricatum, 65
a Junghuhnianum, 65, 407
pruriens, 69
Strongylodon, 25, 32, 69, 411
ruber, 69, 411
Strophostyles, 49, 421
Strychnos, 196, 504,
x grandis, 324
Sturnus menzbieri, 660, 666
STYLOSANTHEA, 27
Stylosanthes facie oxalidea, 386
Swastus chilon, 720
» tripura, 720
Surendra quercetorum, 699
oe vivarna, 699
Symbrenthia hippoclus, 690
hypselis, 690
Tachyris albina, 711
“3 alope, 711
i eurosundana sawela, 711
es jacquinotii, 711
paulina, 710
s mata, 711
f sawela, 711
* urania, 711
z0e, 711
Teniochena, 2, 20
Grifithii, 20
Tagera, 476
Tagiades, 720
- atticus, 719
5 brasidas, 719
- japetus, 719
95 sambavana, 719
Tajuria, 560
oe discalis, 700
a dominus, 560
i longinus, 700
ne travana, 700
2 valentia, 559
Talicada khasiana, 608
si myseus, 608
Tamarindus, 29, 153, 200
a3 indica, 201
F monococcus minor, 170
is occidentalis, 201
A? officinalis, 201
762
Tamarindus wmbrosa, 201
Tanaécia singorudja, 689
* stygiana, 688
Tandale cotti, 38
Taractrocera archias, 720
a ‘nigrolimbatus, 720
si ziclea, 610
Tarucus alteratus, 609, 611
» callinara, 608, 609, 611
» extricatus, 609, 611
» nara, 609, 611
» pliniws, 608, 698
» telicanus, 698
», theophrastus, 609, 611, 698
venosus, 609, 611
Taverniera, 373
nummularia, 373
Telicota, 722
> augias, 610, 722
» bambuse, 722
- dara, 722
= gola, 722
» maesoides, 722
9, (Padraona) dara, 722
” ” gola, 722
Tellervo, 5338
» eguicinctus, 5389
a evages, 539
a hiero, 539
<6 mysoriensis, 539
ie ovages, 589
i zoilus, 534, 586, 5388
Tephrosia, 22, 26, 33, 84, 365
iy amena, 86
ry calophylla, 365
3 candida, 84, 36d
Ba coccinea, 365
re colutea, 86
a diffusa, 366
* Grahami, 365
a hirta, 86
us Hookeriana, 84, 85
” 9 var. amena, 85
Po pulchra, 359
¢ pumila, 366
‘a purpurea, 84, 85
PP af var. pumila, 366
9 subamena, 86
ts tenwis, 365
m tinctoria, 365, 366
var. coccinea, 365
villosa, 86
TEPHROSINA, 26
Teramnus, 24, 32, 58, 404, 412
i fizilis, 404, 412
. labialis, 58
. te var. mollis, 59
¥ mollis, 59
a oxyphylla, 404, 412
» Wallichii, 386
Index.
Terias, 632, 633, 686, 651, 659, 663, 705,
706, 707
3, andersonii, 707
5, anemone, 706
» odlanda, 706
» connexiva, 706
5, diversa, 707
» @rona, 707
» excavata, 610
harina, 708
,» _ hecabe, 610, 705, 706, 707 —
» hybdbrida, 706
3) beta, 107
» libythea, 707
» lombokiana, 707
» mandarina, 706
» mariesit, 706
» sari, 707
» silhetana, 706
5, suava, 707
swinhoet, 610
», tecmessa, 706
» tilaha, 707
5 tominia, 707
vagans. 707
vallivolans, 706
Terminalia, 327, $29
2 Badamia, 331
in belerica, 328, 329
a bialata, 328, 332
i Catappa, 328, 331
) Chebula, 329
* citrina, 328, 329
a » var. malayana, 329
Ha eglandulosa, 330, 331
7 fetidissima, 328, 331
$s Gella, 330
+ intermedia, 331
3 lancifolia, 336
Pcie Manii, 328, 329
ma moluccana, 380, 381
“ Myrobalana, 331
es nitens, 330
Whe oy phellocarpa, 328, 330
”9 procera, 331, 332
4 punctata, 330
oy subcordata, 331
* subspathulata, 328, 332
Ternatea, 56
LThermopsis, 348
- lanceolata, 348
Tilicota mexsoides, 722
TIMELIIDA, 613
TIMELIINA, 613
Tirwmala, 671
i gautama, 671
. lumniace, 671
conjuncta, 671
is - donia, 671
a melissa, 671
) ”»
Index. 763°
Tirumala melissa hamata, 671
septentrionis, 672
Touchiroa, 218, 219, 223, 486
aromatica, 486, 488
bantamensis,, 223, 489
caudata, 220, 488
Curtisii, 221, 487
glauca, 222, 487
gracilis, 223, 488
Scortechinu, 220, 488 .
speciosa, 222, 487
Wallichii, 221, 487
Wrayi, 223, 488
Tr epsichrois claudia, 676
”
?
”?
dongo, 676 _-
elwesii, 676
ie 676
Tricholobus, 4
ferrugineus, 4
Tr ‘ifoliwm, 354:
2?
”?
9?
dubium, 354
filiforme, 354
minus, 354
Trigonella, 354
9
”»
hamosa, 354
occulta, 354
Trimeroglossa, 601
Troides haliphron, 713
helena, 713, 714
naias, 713
pluto, 714
propinquus, 713
sagittatus, 713
Tronga, 674
?
crameri, 674
Troostwyckia singularis, 17
Tubicalyx, 232, 235
Tupaia, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532
”?
ferruginea, 528
Turniz taigoor, 616, 667
Udaspes folus, 722
' Uraria, 28, 34, 129, 379, 381, 382
acuminata, 379, 380, 383
alopecuroides, 381
Collettii, 383
comosa, 131
cordifolia, 383, 384
crinita, 130, 379, 380, 383
» var. macrostachya, 380
gracilis, 383
hamosa, 381, 382, 383, 384
Lagopodioides, 382
lagopoides, 130, 131, 380, 381, 382
a var. rhomboidea, 380
lagopus, 381, 382
» var. polysperma, 382
latifolia, 383, 384.
leptostachya, 382
linearis, 180
macrostachya, 380
neglecta, 381, 382
Uraria paniculata, 383
» picta, 130, 131, 379, 380
» repanda, 381, 382
» vretusa, 131, 381, 382
Vachellia Farnesiana, 249
padeee a climena, 544
an Hiséeionns 543, 673
» macleari, 544
3, palmedo, 544, 675
» sepulchralis, 544, 673 \
VANDER, 591
Vanessa io, 533
Vicina, 22, 23
Vigna, 24, 32, 51, 426, 428, 429
A anoniaba, 52, 428
» brachycarpa, 423, 429
» capensis, 429
» Catjang, 51, 52, 424, 430
Hs ‘5 var. sinensis, 52
FP » typica, 52
ae Clavher 428, 429
» dolichoides, 427, 429
» glabra, 428
» lucens, 425, 427, 429
» lutea, 52, 428
» luteola, 428
» pilosa, 51, 53, 428, 429
» repens, 428
» retusa, 51, 428
» sinensis, 52, 431
5 tetragona, 428, 429
» vextllata, 429
villosa, 428
Weinmannia, 298
Blumei, 299
Wistari ia, 57, 86, 358
Xiphocarpus candidus, 85
Xylia, 30, 237, 245
», dolabriformis, 245
Yoma sabina, 690
Ypthima, 546, 607, 678
3) asterope, 679
— baldus, 678
* cerealis, 607
ra florensis, 679
ty horsfieldii, 678
ty huebneri, 679
insolita, 546
ce leuce, 678
ie megalia, 546, 577
4 megalomma, 546
philomela, 678, 679
Zar ona jasoda, 694
» zanella, 694
Zeltus etolus, 701
Zemeros flegyas, 693
» phlegyas, 693
» vretiarius, 693
» strigatus, 69%
Zethera noiret, 568
Zeuxidia luxerii, 682
764 Index.
*Zeuwine andamanica, 599 Zoophthalmum biplicatum, 67, 408
5 moulmeinensis, 599 x gigantewm, 68, 408
ae Rolfiana, 599, 600 “ macrocarpum, 409
Zizera gaika, 695 monospermum, 66
» indica, 607, 611 nigricans, 65
», lysimon, 607, 695 Zophessa armandina, 546
», lysizone, 611, 695 Zornia, 27, 38, 125
», otis, 607, 611, 695
‘5, pygmea, 695
;, sangra, 607, 611
Zographetus, 571
“ angustifolia, 126
5, dictyocarpa, 126
» diphylla, 126
» grdbbosa, 126
durga, 721 » graminea, 126
Zoophthalmum, 64, 65, 404, 405, 406, 407, » pulchella, 137
409 strobilifera, 43
> tenant 67, 408 Zosterops, 630, 631, 632, 637, 641, 644
« atropurpureum, 407
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age NOt OW Do Partell, No.-1;—1897.
e BDITED BY
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© Pn
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_ to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained at the Society’s
‘House, No. 57, Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents in
- London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from
Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.
Zi Asraric Researcues, Vols. VII, Vols. XIII and XVII, and
- Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 80 O
. / of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (incl.) @
/6/ per No.; and from 1870 to date @ /8/ per No.
JourNaL of the Asiatic Society for 1843 (12), 1844 (12), 1845
(12), 1846 (5), 1847 (12), 1848 (32), 1850 (7), 1851(7), 1857 <6),
-Theobald’s Catalogue of eaptua in ene eres of the Balabie
-
1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 (5), 1866 (7), 1867 (6),
1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873 (8),
1874 (8), 1875 (7), 1876 (7), 1877 (8), 1878 (8), 1879 (7),
1880 (8), 1881 (7), 1882 (6), 1883 (5), 1884 (6), 1885 (6),
1886 (8), 1887 (7), 1888 (7), 1889 (10), 1890 (9 and 2 Sup-
plts.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Supplt.), 1893 (11), 1894
(8), 1895 (7), 1896 (8) @ 1/8 2k No. to Members and @ 2/
per. No. to Non-Members.
N. B.—The figures enclosed in brackets give the number oe BN:
Nos. in each Volume.
Centenary Review of the Researches of the Society from 1784 to
Teor yp aaeraiais Rs. wae
Society (Extra No., J. A. 8S. B., 1868) ... dense
Catalogue of the Mammals and iivda of Burmah, by E. Blyth f
(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) ...
Catalogue of Fossil Vertebiote eat (OES ae
Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Bociety, Bawa
Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,
Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each —
eee aoe eee
NEW SERIES. VOL. LXVI. CCCLXVIII.
JOURNAL
Vol. LXVI. Part II, No. 4.1897.
= . EDITED BY
JHE ae at J ECRETARY.
Pe ECE: ee
ted ty 7 AL
|
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, =]
Pad Srey ASTATIE. SaciETY: ee ae
“The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and
within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is perfor med by
man or produced by nature.”—Siz Witiiam Jongs.
*,* Communications should be sent under cover to the Secretaries, Asiat. Soc.,
to whom all orders for the work are to be addressed in India; or care of
Messrs. Luzac ¥ Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W. C., or Mr.
Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig; Germany, ;
t
CALCUTTA:
PRINTED AT THE PAPTIST MISSION PRESS,
AND PUBLISHED BY THE
frSiaTic Socrery, 57, PARK Streer,
1898.
3
Price (exclusive of postage) to Members, Re. 1-8.-To Non-Members, Rs 2.
Price in England, 3 Shillings.
Issued April 14th, 1898.
CONTENTS.
a 4 My Contributions to the Theory of Warning Colours and i Mirnsory No. IVa
mt ; Experiments with various Birds. Summary and Conclusions.—
a2 By F. Finn, B. A, F. Z. S., Deputy Duper ee of: the 2
| | Indian Museum _ Bs a ms oo 6
: A Inst of the Butterflies of Bali, Lombok, Rahinoee and Sumba.—
me: _ By Liowen ve Nicévinie, F. E. S., 0. M.Z.8., be, and H, ie
fees ti ' Epwes, F. R. S., F. L. S., F. Z. S., F. (OPS Bien aes oa
i On the manifeaneere of Social Instinct in the Common Babbler (Cra-—
ss teropus canorus).— By B. B. Osmaston, Indian Forest Service. |
Communicated by the Natural History Secretary ~... (es
Notes on various species of Grebes, with especial lanes to the power re
of walking and digestion possessed by these birds.— By F. Fry, :
B, A., F. Z,8., Deputy ar leh hectic! of the Indian Museum . it
NOTE ON THE PUBLICATIONS ~
P ‘ | OF THE
1
=
a ASIATIC SOCIETY.
> ee <3 §e—
The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year
er as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first
= Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;
_ they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter and
we ess important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the
4 longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Journal, are given.
The Journal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :
i Part 1, peal papers oe to Philology, ee ete.; Part II,
: i. to which the papers read before the Society were pihiaied in
a quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes
: ES eyers issued hetween the years 1788 and 1839.
The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to
& each year from 1832 to 1864; in that year the division into two parts
1 - above- -mentioned was made and since that date two volumes have been
yi issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part III,
: has been issued.
he Proceedings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the
_ Jowrnal, but since that date have been separately issued every year.
Q _ The following is a list of the Asiatic Society’s publications relating
oA Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained atthe Society’s
~ Honse, No. 57, Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents in
a _ London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from
e ‘Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, pal
ck
a
Asan RESEARCHES. Vols. VII, Wold: XIIT and XVII, and
Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 80 0Q
rams. oe
ee
4 PrRoceepines of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (incl.) @
: /6/ per No.; and from 1870 to date @ /8/ per No.
_ Journat of the Asiatic Society for 1843 (12), 1844 (12), 1845
Be 1846 (5), 1847 (12), 1848 (32), 1850 (7), 1851(7), 1857 (6),
we Bi a it
ee en)
>
Sa =
1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 (5), 1866 (7), 1867 (6),
1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873 (8),
1874 (8), 1875, (Zy, 1876 (7), 1877 (8), 1878 (8), 1879 (7),
1880 (%), 1881 “(), 1882 (6), 1883 (5), 1884 (6), 1885 (6),
1886 (8), 1887 (7), 1888 (7), 1889 (10), 1890 (9 and 2 Sup-
plis.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Supplt.), 1893 (11), 1894
(8), 1895 (7), 1896 (8), 1897 (8), @ 1/8 per No. to Members
and @ 2/ per No. to Non-Members. | x
— N. B.—The figures oneioied in brackets gee ics number of
Neos. in each Volume.
Centenary Review of the nope ches of the Society nee 1784 to
1883 ony be Rs.
Theobald’s Catalogue of Bapcilas's in neh Atay af the Asiatic
Society (Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1868)... ie
Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burmah, by E. Blyth
(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) . ae Sab aa
Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata... wae wee
Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Bebe Bengal
Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,
Paris I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each
we es
18
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Ar tie
seein ie P
i oe.
hae ak
: iT
1853
9 2 eins F's 4 8
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