The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History

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JOURNAL

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Cincinnati Society of Natural
History.

VOLS XA:

IQOI—1906.

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,
OFFICE, 312 BROADWAY, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

PRINTED BY
‘THE KEBBERT & RICHARDSON Co.

CINCINNATI.

Officers of the Society, 1901-1906.

President:
CHR. R. HOLMES, M. D., I901-I904. GkEO.W. HARPER, LL.D., 1904-1905.
CHAS. WM. DABNEY, LL. D., 1905-1906.
First Vice-President:
D. L. JAMES, 1901-1905. J. E.°C. KOHLSAAT, 1905-1906.
Second Vice-President:
T. H. KELLEY, 1901-1903. CH. DURY, 1903-1904.
M. H. FLETCHER, M. D., 1904-1905.
Secretary:
ARCH I. CARSON, M. D., 1901-1903. G. A. HINNEN, M. D., 1903-1906.

Treasurer:
T. B. COLLIER, 1901-1906.

Members at Large of the Executive Board:

D. L. JAMES, I90I-1905. A. J. WOODWARD, M.D., 1901-1903.
M. H. FLETCHER, M. D., 1901-1906. T. H. KELLEY, 1903-1906.
W. H. FISHER, 1901-1906. Wo. C. JEWETT, C. E., 1903-1904.

CHAS. DURY, I90I-1903, 1904-1906. Wo. OSBORN, A. M., 1904-1905.
CHAS. H. CasTLE, M. D., 1905-1906.

Trustees:

F. M. Coppock
AND 1901-1906.
DUD NS 23 2 NG

Present Staff of Museum and Library.

WIRECHORS Rc 20 crsreiets Josua LINDAHL, PH.D., OFF. D’AC. (SINCE 1895..
Curators:

HEL DALI 5... saa ce iis | Aer kraegee PROF. WALTER H. AIKEN (SINCE 1897).

Minerals: 23 Vasu Wass oop ae Mr. HERMAN WUESINER ( ‘ Igor)

Ornithology -eins. screens wees eee eee Mr. WM. CRAMER ( “_ 1904).

Hntomology,; s:avuiccuwiasonns> see Mr. HAROLD M. BOWER ( ‘“ 1905).

Publishing Committee.

Josua LINDAHL, Editor. C. DuRY.
D, lL. JAMES. C..G. LLoyp:

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VOLUME XX.

Page.
WATCET SOL LIES OCICEYicic.oi sclaeete oe iaeistee Ble icssaie|e ola sietiarg Siete © see « ii
Coritentsrofavoliusmie NOS oe ereliee sees Se clagh: .7 rs Ob anata eae oe iii
Sicrieial baie IAs ante Sees iat etre hen Be Aner ti coceeee cnr ae eee ee I-2

Article I.—Observations on the efferent neurones in the electric
lobes of Torpedo occidentalis. By Shinkishi Hatai (Py. I-III). 1-12
Article [I.—An investigation of the Vascular System of Bdedlosto-

Ral) epee de cc enenen ee ehct erst ntsc areietone) are ev ecaamhaversnchaahearatoieteynieve arava, winiorave: oeta 13-48
Article III.—The Geology of Cincinnati. By J. M. NIcKLES (PI.
Pamap. One map skete in’ the text)... 2c. 0 ccc esteecvw eas 49-100

Article I1V.—Description of anew Bryozoan Homotrypa bassleri, n.

sp. from the Warren Beds of the Lorraine Group. By JoHN M.

BUIcICnHS.. (hive fgwres in the text). 6 eiiiee a wen eh wiiewiets 2 Foe 103-105
Article V.—A Revised list of the Coleoptera observed near Cincin-

nati, Ohio, with Notes on localities, Bibliographical references,

and description of five new species. By CHARLES DurY. (Six

BME Seate Me CORE Ir v5.06 ciethisa ne peGire mt. ve acc’ ein" one vlshuata eee 4 apeaioaleye 107-198
Article VI.—Check List of the Plants of Hamilton County Ohio,

exclusive of the Lower Cryptogams. By WALTER H. AIKEN, 199-230
Article VII.—List of Medicinal Plants, wild or cultivated, growing

in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes as to the parts

used for medicinal purposes. By WALTER H. AIKEN........ 231-234
Article VIII.—Orthography of names of the Naiades. By Josua

TU PUSA BATE GB 7s chs oy peek gene me mae Mec PRE reo ORCC rc aa r-2 35-243
Article IX.—Pisolitic Barite. By HERMAN WUESTNER. (Four

Gees hare Mo Gext)), 5... nes 2. <ogeie sac ee eamemaatinde, soos 245-250
Article X.—Ecological Notes on some Coleoptera of the Cincinnati

region, including six newspecies. By CHARLES DuRY........ 251-256
Article XI.—Additions to the List of-Cincinnati Coleoptera. By

EVAR S SIO WONG rere apeetesa awison nurse panacea hich asag tate yey ae ane d 257--260

METS UOMV OUI CRONG os cys) aol w iotes wes ies Sev evones eaefereereatayee ls feign +, sejsiere oie 261-263

ili

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. ; I

OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFERENT NEURONES
IN tHE BLECTRIC: LOBES: OF TORPEDO :OCCI-
DENTALIS.

By SHINKISHI HaTal,

(From the Biological Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati.)

CONTENTS.

I. Materials used and technique employed in the present

MAVESEUP ALTON Stet etan sche tudiscm cede cheers) -alel os easi efotd (selec e ve es I
II. Finer structure of the efferent neurones of the electric lobes

PoE DOT DeECOpOEC UME tAlTS) 85ers. Ge oy ck y-iage he laishe st clelaets satehage, shoves 2
III. Finer structure of the ground substance of the spinal gan-

MMO Cel TH te AGUIE Wilte Babar te «reac. oe «gets eee he wee 3 6
IV. Remarks concerning the structure of the ground substance

MHP MI|EKVENCELIS eee re cn Lee ae DE ib aah ee Sin wide tethers fe)
VASrS ULINITINA TY. 2 Evinceeoh ast Sees Ses, ob neh eke sialon ehose te ENGING ovale rboevieyea. II
WaletesNSt ea tlOns. dedicat partes: 4. castes eels melons he Rlalahe oialavelte be wlone 12

I. MATERIALS USED AND TECHNIQUE EMPLOYED
IN THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION.

For the present investigation, the efferent neurones in the
electric lobes of 7Zorpedo occidentalis, and the spinal ganglion
cells from the mid-cervical ganglia of the adult white rat
were used. The body weight of the rat was 141 grams.
The torpedo material, which was generously furnished by
Dr. Ayers, had been preserved with 10% formaline. To pre-
pare this, a thin piece was cut from the lobe and transferred
to distilled water for about six hours in order to remove all
the formaline. After thorough washing with water, the
material was transferred to 35% alcohol, where it remained
about one hour, and then it was carried through graded
alcohols and imbedded in paraffine in the usual way. The
sections were cut 12 » in thickness. For staining, a satur-
ated aqueous solution of toluidin blue, and for contrast
staining, an alcohol solution of erythrosin, were used.

Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., VOL. XX, No. 1. I PRINTED OCTOBER I, Ig0I.

2 . The Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

The spinal ganglion of the white rat was preserved with
the author’s own mixture (formaline-acetic sublimate mix-
ture) (*), and for staining, the reagents just mentioned
were used.

II. FINER. STRUCTURE OF THE EFFERENT NEURONES
OF THE ELECTRIC LOBES IN TORPEDO
OCCIDENTALIS.

The efferent neurones of the electric lobes of Torpedo
occidentalis are so large, more than o.r mm. in diameter, that
they can easily be seen with the naked eye. Under moderate
magnification, the cell bodies show numerous dendritic pro-
cesses and the single axone is also visible in most cases.

The general form of the cell body is somewhat similar to
that of the motor cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
_ in man and the higher mammals. In most cases, the nucleus
lies on the side of the cell-body towards the axis- cylinder
process. The nucleus is nearly spherical, and very large in
size proportionately to the cell-body (40-30 »). The arrange-
ment of the chromosomes in the nucleus is somewhat
. peculiar. They do not show minute spherules suspended in
the delicate meshwork of the linin substance, but instead of
that, irregular large masses which fill up meshes of the linin.

The nucleolus is always visible and lies at one pole of
the nucleus. Curiously enough, the nucleolus, as a rule, lies
in the same relative position in all the cells of a given
section. :

Under the higher magnification, the internal structure of
the cell-body shows a fibrillar arrangement of the cytoplasm.
The nature of this fibrillar structure will be discussed later
on. In this chapter, only the general arrangements of these
fibrils will be described.

Briefly speaking, the cell-body, except the nucleus presents
everywhere a fibrillar arrangement of the cytoplasm. The
following descriptions apply to the serial sections of one cell
(102 » in diameter, and 60 » in thickness), and give a
general idea of the structure above mentioned.

*) Hatai, S.— Finer structure of the spinal ganglion cells in the white rat.—_Jour.
of Comp. Neurology, Vol. XI, No. 1, 1gor.

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 3

Fig. 1 is a section passing through the periphery of the
cell-body. In this figure, the dendritic processes are shown,
but not the neuraxone. The position where the neuraxone
will arise in the sections is marked by A. The fibrillar bun-
dles which come from all dendritic processes of one side of
the cell-body (a) take a curving course toward the axone
hillock, thus forming an arrangement like an inverted U.
Other fibrillar bundles come also from the dendrites on the
other side (4) and take the same course toward the neuraxone.
The dotted areas are interpreted as the cross-sections of
the similar fibrillar bundles which, running through the cell-
body in different directions, are therefore cut at different
angles. In this figure, the fibrillar bundles connecting the
dendrites with each other are shown very poorly.

Fig. 2 is the section nearer the center of the cell-body and
follows Fig. 1. In this figure, the four dendrites are shown
clearly, and the localities of the neuraxone is indicated by
“4,” although it does not appear at this level. The fibrillar
bundles which form the neuraxone come from each of the
dendrites. The dendrites themselves have close relations
with each other by means of the connecting fibrillar bundles
. passing between them. The nucleus is surrounded by the
fibrils coming from one of the dendrites (c). The fibrillar
bundles which come from the dendrites (@) also take a part
in investing the nucleus. The cross-sections of the fibrillar
bundles show as clearly separated groups.

Fig. 3 is a section passing through the middle of the
nucleus and follows Fig. 2. In this figure, the nucleolus is
visible. The fibrillar arrangements are slightly different
from those in the figures already given. In this section the
fibrils do not form large bundles, but are divided into smaller
strands and interwoven. ‘The intimate connections between
the dendrites are clearly shown. The nucleus is also sur-
rounded by the bundles of the fibrils, which come from some
of the dendrites. Asa rule, in this level the fibrillar bundles
near the nucleus are short, because bundles are, for the most
part, cut more or less at right angles to their long axis. This
suggests that the fibrillar bundles converge towards the
nucleus. The peculiar arrangement of the fibrils near the

3

4 Cincinnatt Society of Natural Fiistory.

nucleus has been described as “vortex” or “spiral,” or
sometimes ‘“Gitterahnliche Anordnung.”’ On the contrary,
the fibrillar bundles at the periphery present comparatively
long sections. In this section, the neuraxone is not yet
shown.

Fig. 4 is a section of the cell- body at another level. In
this figure, three dendrites, nucleus, and neuraxone are
clearly shown. ‘The neuraxone ‘‘4”’ lies at one corner of the
base of the rectangular cell-body. An intimate connection
of each dendrite with that of the other, and also of all the
dendrites with neuraxone is clearly shown in this figure.
A curious arrangement of the fibrils is noticeable very near
the axone hillock, where the fibrillar bundles have a beauti-
ful spiral arrangement. This spiral arrangement is produced
by the fibrils coming from various dendrites as is shown in
the illustration. In this figure, connecting fibrils between
the dendrites (a) and (c) are shown very clearly.

Fig. 5 isa section passing through the periphery of the
side opposite to that shown in Fig. 1. In this figure, four
dendritic processes are plainly shown — one from each corner
of asomewhat rectangular-shaped cell-body. The position
from where the neuraxune will arise in other section is’
marked by ‘“‘4.” A clear oblong space near the center of
the cell-body is the place where the nucleus lies in the other
sections. The fibrillar bundles which come from the den-
drite (a) run towards the dendrites (c,d) along the one side
of the nucleus, and finally enter the dendrites (c,d). Along
the course, a few small fibrillar bundles diverge towards the
periphery of the cell-body. The fibrillar bundles which
come from the dendrites (6) run toward the dendrites (c, d)
in a somewhat similar manner to those from the dendrite (a).
In this case, the fibrillar bundles divide into two branches at
the nucleus and after encircling the nucleus, they enter in the
dendrites (c, a) and become continuous with those from the
dendrite (a). From the base of the dendrite (4), small fibrillar
bundles are distributed toward the neuraxone. From the
dendrites c, d, the bundles of fibrils arise, and run toward the
neuraxone. Along their course, these bundles are increased
by the addition of numerous bundles of fibrils which come

4

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 5

from the periphery of the cell-body to form the yet larger
bundles found in the axone hillock. The dendrites a and 6
- are subdivided into two branches. In this case the branches
are also connected by a few fibrils. These branches which
are divided from the main dendrites (a, 6,) receive fibrils from
various regions of the cell-body.

From the above description, two important relations are
evident: (1) That each dendrite is connected by the fibrillar
bundles with several and possibly all the others, and (2) in
each case, the nucleus is partially surrounded or encircled by
the fibrillar bundles, on their way from the dendrites to enter
into the neuraxone.

As arule, the fibrils in the dendrites are very conspicuous,
presenting long continuous lines, while in the cell-body they
take tortuous or irregular courses, so that the cross-section
of the cell-body presents minutely dotted areas, representing
the cross-section of the bundles. From this, it is inferred
that the entire course of some of the bundles must be very
complex.

Fig. 6 is a diagrain reconstructed from the serial sections
of the cell-body in order to depict schematically its structure
and to show the fibrillar tracts distributed throughout it.
Let us take any one of the dendrites from the Fig. 6, and
trace the lines which represent the fibrillar bundles. In the
dendrite (4), black continuous lines present the out-going
fibrillar bundles, while dotted lines in the same dendrite
represent the in-coming fibrillar bundles from other dendrites.
If we trace one of the black lines (3), it enters into the den-
drites which lie in both sides, and other black lines (1) run
toward the nucleus and partially encircle it. The fibrils con-
tinue from the nucleus toward the axone and finally enter
into the axis cylinder. In the remaining dendrites, the
fibrillar tracts are just the same in their distribution with
those of dendrites (0).

In some cases, the fibrillar bundles which run from the
dendrite not only enter into the dendrites which lie nearest
on both sides, but they also connect with other dendrites
further distant (2). In the cross-section of the cell-body, we
notice very often the following appearance: ‘The neighbor-

5

6 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

hood of the nucleus is composed of peculiarly arranged
fibrils, forming a “‘spiral”’ or ‘“‘swirl.”” These appearances
are caused by the fibrils, which take very irregular courses
and partially encircle the nucleus in a tortuous manner.

III. FINER STRUCTURE OF THE GROUND SUBSTANCE
OF THE SPINAL GANGLION CELLS IN THE
ADULT WHITE RAT.

It remains to discuss the real nature of the fibrillar struc-
tures mentioned above, and to this end the structure of the
ground substance of the nerve-cells must first be considered.

Concerning the structure of the ground substance in nerve-
cells, two main views are held: the “fibrillar” and “ non-
fibrillar”? structure. The former theory may also be sub-
divided. One view is represented by the theory of Bethe (*)
who regards.the ground substance as composed of “ Peri
Fibrillar Substanz’’ and ‘‘Fibrillen.”? The so-called Fibrillen
are independent individuals distributed throughout the cell-
body in a certain way, where they neither anastomose nor
branch. Another fibrillar theory is that of Apathy (’).
According to this author, the primitive neurofibrils are to be
distinguished by means of special technique, in the nerve-
cells as Bethe describes. These fibrils however, are not
isolated, but are connected with each other by means of deli-
cate branches, thus forming a very complicated anastomosis
within the nerve-cells.

The non-fibrillar theories may also be divided into two
groups, represented by the theory of Apathy ('), Nansen
(7), Biitschli (*), etc. Nansen holds the view of primitive
tubular structure of the formation of the ground substance
of the nerve-cells, that is, the ground substance is entirely
composed of extremely small tubules which are directly
continuous with the neuraxone.

*) Bethe, A.—Uber die Primitiy Fibrillen in den Ganglien-zellen von Menschen
und Wirbelthieren.— Arch. ftir Mikrosk. Anat., Bd. 51.

(1) Apathy.— Das leitende Element des Nervensystems, u. s. w.— Mitheil. d.
Zoolog. Station zu Neapel, B’d NII, ’97.

(2) Nansen, F.—The structure and combination of the histological elements of
the central nervous system.— Bergen, ’87.

(3) Butschli.—Investigations on microscopic forms and on protoplasm.—’g4.
Translation to English.

6

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. a

Biitschli, Held ('), Van Gehuchten (*), Von Lenhossek (°),
Ramon y Cajal (*), Marinisco (°), Ewing (°), a.o., hold
the view of reticular or spongy formation of the ground
substance, stating that the fibrillar structure described by
others are not true fibrils but rows of fine granules which
form the reticular arrangement of the ground substance.

The writer’s observations on this subject are as follows:
The ground substance of the spinal ganglion cells of the
white rat exhibits a reticular structure as shown in Fig. 7.
The meshes of the reticulum are very small but conspicuous.
The size and form of the meshes vary. Generally, in the
clear zone at the periphery of the cell-body, the meshes are
always larger and more conspicuous than in the remaining
part. In the neighborhood of the axone hillock the meshes.
are not only much diminished in size, but also they are much
elongated along one axis. Around the nucleus, the meshes
reach a minimum size. The form of the reticulum at the
periphery shows meshes of a somewhat polygonal shape, but
in the remaining part of the cell these meshes are elongated,
especially around the nucleus and near the neuraxone. Upon
examining with a higher magnification, the protoplasmic
threads or filaments which forms the reticulum, we see that
it is not smooth but has a somewhat varicose appearance, due
to the presence of small bead-like arrangements on the
course of the filaments. ‘This bead was called by Held (*)
a “‘neurosome,”’ who discovered the occurrence of the neuro-
some not only at the connecting point of the net but also
inside the net. The writer noticed the occurrence of these
structures not only at the connecting points of the net but
also in the course of the filament, but could not find them
inside the reticulum.

(1) Held.— Beitrige zur Strukturen der Nerven-zellen und ihren Fortsitze.—
Erste Abhandlung. Arch. fiir Anat. und Entwickelungs. Anat. Abth., ’95.

(2) Van Gehuchten.— Anatomie du systém nerveux de l’homme.— Lauvain, 1894.
(3) Von Lenhossek.— Feinere Bau des Nervensystems.—’95. P. 147.

(4) Cajal. Estructura del protoplasma nerviso.— Revista trimestral micro-
grafica, Vol. I, fasc. 1, ’96.

(6) Marinisco.— Pathologie générale de la cellule nerveuse.— La Presse Médi-
cale, ’97.

(6) Kwing.—Studies on ganglion cells.— Arch. of Neurol. and Psychopathol.,
Wools T, Noss. 2798:

(*) Held.— Loc. cit.

8 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

This bead or neurosome has peculiar chemical affinities for
the staining fluids. Eosin or erythrosin stain this element
very deeply, so that it can easily be distinguished from the
rest of structures. The fine filament joining these beads
seems to be slightly different from the neurosome itself, as is
shown by a slightly different staining reaction. It seems,
indeed, that these neurosomes are a highly differentiated
portion of the protoplasm which forms the reticulum.

The form and size of the neurosomes are different in
different localities, as has been already described by Held.
These structures are especially numerous within the axone
hillock and intracellular extension of the axone. At the
periphery of the spinal ganglion cells, the individual meshes
of the reticulum are so large that the neurosomes are less
crowded, hence, in this region, they are scattered very irregu-
larly. But on the contrary, in the remaining parts of the
cell, the meshes of the reticulum are elongated in shape and
the rows of neurosomes become more crowded together, thus
giving the fibrillar appearence. At first glance, this arrange-
ment of neurosomes looks very much like the fibrils which
have been described by many authors. Careful observations,
however, show that these lines appearing like fibrils are
composed of a row of minute beads arranged serially.
Moreover, these pseudo-fibrils are connected by protoplasmic
threads, thus forming the reticulum. This structure is shown
in Fig. 7. Around the nucleus these neurosomes form some-
what concentric lines in a very beautiful. manner. But
gradually the figure becomes irregular as the reticulum
approaches the periphery. ‘This is the appearance generally
found in the spinal ganglion cells. Sometimes the cell shows
different arrangement of neurosomes, namely, concentric
lines at the periphery but not in the neighborhood of nucleus.
Still other variations in arrangement are found.

Graf (*) noticed the fibrils which are composed of a row of
minute beads, in the Purkinji cells of human cerebellar cor-
tex. Hesaid: ‘The cytoplasma show the most beautiful
fibrillar structure that I have ever seen. The fibrille are

!

*) Graf, A—On the use and properties of a new fixing fluid (chrom - oxalic.) —
Bull. of Pathol. Institute of the New York Hospitals, ’97. Vol. II, p. 386.

8

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 9

exceedingly fine and are very regularly arranged in the cell-
processes and on the surface of the cell, whereas they form a
more intricate network in the center of the cell, especially
around the nucleus. By closer observation of a favorable spot
(the best places are where the stain is not very intensive)
we notice that the finest cytoplasmic fibrilla are not smooth,
like smooth muscle fibrils, for instance, but are composed of
a row of minute beads closely arranged in single file.”

Held believes that the fibrils, according to some investi-
gators, are in reality identical with rows of neurosomes. He
hints that some of the fibrils represent bands of neurosomes;
other fibrils described by Flemming are bundles of cyto-
spongium.

My own observations support Held’s suggestion. My prep-
arations show sometimes exactly the fibrillar structure de-
scribed by Graf, and I find this condition in the efferent
neurones of the Torpedo, as well as in the spinal ganglion
cells in the white rat. These fibrils can always be resolved
into rows of neurosomes.

Another important point is, that the meshes of the reticu-
lum in the cell-body become more and more elongated toward
the axis cylinder. Thus it looks as if the fibrils are radiating
from the axone around the nucleus.

The peculiar character of the region from where the axis
cylinder originates was first described by Schiffer (').

This region of the cell-body he called the ‘‘axone hillock.”
It is admitted by most investigators that the axone hillock,
as well as the axis cylinder, show a parallel arrangement of
cytoplasm. The writer notices also these arrangements of fine
cytoplasmic threads, which carry the neurosomes, showing a
convergent arrangement toward the axis cylinder. In this
region the meshes of the reticulum are very small, but care-
ful examination shows that the axone hillock, as well as axis
cylinder, are composed of an altered reticulum.

The arrangement of neurosomes, except in the axone hil-
lock, is not the same in all nerve-cells, but differs according
to the type of the cells.

(1) Schiffer, K.— Kurze Aumerkung iiber die Morphologische Differenz des Axen

Cylinders in Verhailtnisse zu dem Protoplasmatischen Fortsiitze bei Nissl’s
Farbung.— Neurol. Centralbl., Leipzig, Bd. XII, ’93, S. 849-851.

2

ite) Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In the motor ganglion cells in the anterior horn of the
spinal cord, the neurosome presents quite a different arrange-
ment from that of spinal ganglion cells. In the former group
the meshes of the reticulum do not show the honey-comb
form, but an elongated shape. The cytoplasmic thread car-
ries a great number of neurosomes, which form straight
chains. These chains run parallel to the periphery toward
the dendrites, as well as toward the axis cylinder. Around
the nucleus, however, these chains have the arrangement
found in the spinal ganglion cells.

The Purkinjii cells in cerebellar cortex in the white rat
show still a different arrangement of neurosomes. In these
cells the neurosomes accumulate at the base of the main den-
drites, showing very intricate arrangement. But near the
entrance of the dendrites the irregular chains rearrange
themselves, forming a regular line of neurosomic fibrils. The
remaining part of the cell-body show nearly the same arrange-
ment as that of the spinal ganglion cells.

IV.—REMARKS CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE
GROUND SUBSTANCE IN NERVE CELLS.

As has been mentioned already, the ground substance of
the spinal ganglion cells of the white rat presents very clearly
the reticular structure. ‘This structure, however, is altered
by the growth of cell-body; for example, the prolongation of
the axis cylinder from the cell-body is accompanied by an
elongation of the primitively polygonal meshes of the reticu-
lum, thus giving a fibrillar appearance to the ground sub-
stance.

The same holds true in the case of the Torpedo. The ap-
parent fibrils result from alterations in the reticulum, and,
therefore, should not be compared to those of Bethe’s. Al-
though, in the case of the Torpedo, the reticulum is hard to
see, yet it is sometimes clearly demonstrable in thin sections
properly stained.

In the spinal ganglion cells of the higher mammalia, except
in Dogiel’s second type of cells, the cell - body sends off only
one prolongation, while in the case of Torpedo, the efferent

IO

Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. II

neurones of the electric organ give numerous processes from
the cell-body. In the former case, the meshes of the reticu-
lum are changed gradually from a regular polygonal form
to those much drawn-out in the axone hillock. In the
case of the Torpedo, however, the arrangement of the
reticulum is modified not only toward the axis cylinder, but
in every part of the cell-body from which dendritic processes
arise. The appearances in Torpedo can be explained as a
result of the growth changes of the cell-body. Judging from
what we find in the rat, we assume in the first place the spinal
ganglion cell to be a spherical mass filled by the wide meshed
reticulum. For the same reason we assume that this spheri-
cal mass is pulled out at each point where there is a dendrite,
and thus modified as it is where the neuraxone is formed
from the axone hillock. Asa result, the primitive polygonal
meshes are transformed mechanically by the growth changes
and thus give rise to the fibrillar appearance. If numerous
processes are formed by the cell, as in the case of Torpedo,
’ then the resulting appearance is quite complex. But the
principle of its formation is the same as in the more simple
spinal ganglion cell. The so-called fibrillar arrangement
in the writer’s preparation is thus explained:

V.—SUMMARY.

1. The efferent neurones of the electric lobes of Zorpedo
occidentalis present a fibrillar appearance of the ground
substance.

2. This appearance, however, is due to an alteration in the
shape of the meshes of the reticulum, and, therefore, it can-
not be compared with the fibrils described by Bethe, Apathy,
and others.

3. The meshes of the reticulum, which are regarded as the
primitive by the present writer, are altered by the growth of _
the cell-body where the processes, both axone and dendrite,
arise and become extremely elongated in these branches.

4. Gradations from the primitive shape of the meshes to
the altered form which appears fibrillar, are clearly visible in
the spinal ganglion cells of the white rat.

II

12 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

VI.—ILLusTRATIONS. (Plate I.)

FIG. 1-5—Five serial sections from a single efferent neurone in electric
lobe of Torpedo occidentalis. Mean diameter of the cell-
body (120y.x 83); of the nuclei (37 » x 34 #).

Fic. 6—Diagram showing the fibrillar arrangement of the efferent
neurone in an electric lobe of Zorpfedo occidentalis.

F1G. 7—Spinal ganglion cell from the mid-cervical ganglia of the adult
white rat. Cell-body (41 » x 30); nucleus (15 » x 15 p#).

I2

The Journal of the Cin. Soc. of Natural History.

Wor oxo. No. I. PLATE 1.

Hata Efferent Neurones.

Oy, ay
ae

o.s
~ ‘ ,
oN if 109, in

sala

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 13

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
OF BDELLOSTOMA DOMBEYI.

The Cyclostomata derive their interest and importance
from the fact that they are not only the lowest of the Crazzata,
but also possess many structural features which are undoubt-
edly ancestral in their character. As Dr. Ayers has main-
tained, too little attention has been paid to this class, espec-
ially to the Myxinoid division. With the exception of
Johannes Miiller’s ‘“‘Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxi-
noiden”’ (published 1834-1842), the Myxinoids, especially
Bdellostoma, have scarcely been touched. A closer examina-
tion of the anatomy of the blood-vascular system of Bdello-
stoma, and a discussion of a few points concerning its com-
parative anatomy in the light of our present knowledge, is
the purpose of this paper.

The material used in the following investigation included
several injected specimens, and a large number of uninjected
specimens of Bdellostoma dombeyi collected by me during
the summer of 1897, in the, Bay of Monterey, at Pacific
Grove, California. Carmine-gelatine was used for injection,
and the specimens were preserved in alcohol-formalin mix-
ture (95 per cent alcohol, 6 parts; 2 per cent formalin, 4
parts). For comparison I have used specimens of Bde/lo-
stoma forsteri (from the Cape of Good Hope), Petromyzon,
Myxine, etc., belonging to Dr. Ayers, under whose direction
the following investigation was made.

THE HEART.

Ghioures [TE Ih aise. Ix, Xo XT V):

The heart is composed of three chambers — sinus venosus,
auricle, and ventricle.

The szzus venosus (Figs. I, I, S), (gemeinschaftlichen Kér-
pervenenstamm of Miiller), is that part of the heart which

Jour. Crn. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vov. XX, No. 1. I PRINTED OCTOBER 24, I901,

14 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

receives the blood from the venous system. It is an elon-
gated thin-walled sac, about 2 cm. in length, situated a little
to the left of the median line, just above the anterior lobe of
the liver, and between the sheets of mesentery which form
the hepatic ligament. The larger posterior portion lies just
below the alimentary canal, and anterior to the gall cyst. The
smaller anterior portion lies beneath the auricle (A). The
sinus lies outside the pericardial cavity, but is partially
enclosed between the layers of the mesocardium. It is
dilated posteriorly, being somewhat quadrilateral in outline,
and compressed laterally. In this region the sinus receives,
on the right side, the anterior and posterior hepatic veins
(ha, hp). At the posterior extremity it receives the pos-
terior common cardinal trunk (pec). Anteriorly, it receives,
on the left side, the left anterior cardinal vein (acl). The
narrow anterior portion of the sinus venosus receives the
inferior jugular vein (jv) just anterior to the sinu-auricular
aperture, which lies in the dorsal wall near the anterior end.

The auricle (Figs. 1, II, III, A) lies immediately above and
anterior tothe sinus. It occupies the left portion of the peri-
cardial cavity, and is surrounded by the pericardium (its rela-
tions to which will be described in detail later). The auricle
is the largest of the cardiac divisions, and, when expanded,
almost completely fills the left pericardial cavity. When con-
tracted, however, it is smaller than the ventricle, since it is
very thin-walled. It is an elongated sac, irregular in shape,
and flattened dorso-ventrally. ‘The exact position and extent
varies considerably in different specimens. It is somewhat
irregularly convex, except the inner and upper walls. These
are usually concave, on account of being closely apposed to the
ventricle during life. The auricle usually lies for the most
part on the left side of the alimentary canal. Posteriorly, the
auricle is closely connected ventrally with the sinus, com-
municating with it through the sinu-auricular aperture. On
the right side it communicates with the ventricle through a
short canal, the ductus auricularis. (See Figs. landII.) This
duct, though well marked in some specimens, is obscured in
others by the approximation of the auricular and ventricular
walls. It is really a constricted portion of the auricle at the
auriculo-ventricular aperture. The margin of the auricle

2

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 15

behind this duct usually projects as a lateral pocket into the
right pericardial cavity. The auricle is attached ventrally
and internally (z. e., to the left) by the mesocardium. ‘The
anterior and posterior extremities of the auricle, however,
project freely into the over-lying pericardial cayity.

The cavity of the auricle (Fig. III) is very irregular.
Beside the three pocket-like spaces (anterior, posterior, and
lateral), the cavity is made irregular by a network of mus-
cular trabeculze which project from the walls, and sometimes
across the cavity. The auricle has two openings. The
afferent, or sinu-auricular aperture, is in the posterior por-
tion of the floor. On viewing the floor from above, the long
narrow slit-like opening is seen extending diagonally from
side to side. The opening is guarded by two thin mem-
branous valves (Fig. III, sav), whose free margins readily
allow the influx of blood, but effectually prohibit its reflux.
A short distance anterior from the sinu-auricular opening we
find the auriculo-ventricular aperture, an oval foramen, on
the right side in the duct previously described. This aper-
ture is also guarded by a pair of valves, semi-lunar in shape;
one lying anterior and the other posterior to the opening.
These valves are smaller but stronger than the sinu-auricular
valves. During the flow of blood from the auricle into the
ventricle they lie flattened against the sides of the duct, with
their free margins extending toward the ventricle and offer-
ing no resistance to the flow of blood. During the ven-
tricular systole the valves prevent the reflux of blood by the
apposition of their free margins in the median line, com-
pletely closing the channel.

The ventricle (Figs. I, II, III, V) is an ovoidal sac, slightly
elongated and flattened dorso-ventrally. The lateral margin
on the left side, next to the auricle, is less convex than that
on the right. The ventricle is nearly in the median line
of the body, just below the alimentary canal. It lies to
the right of the auricle, somewhat ventral and anterior to it.
The wall of the ventricle is much thicker than that of the
auricle, and encloses a cavity shaped like a Scottish bag-pipe
(See Fig. III). The inner surface of the wall, like that of the
auricle, is marked by projecting muscular trabeculae. There
are two openings into the ventricular cavity. The afferent,

3

16 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

or auriculo-ventricular is an oval foramen situated near the
posterior end on the inner side. It corresponds to the end of
the short ductus auricularis already described. The foramen
ordinarily measures about a millimeter in diameter in indi-
viduals of fifty centimeters length. The afferent or aortic
aperture lies at the anterior extremity of the ventricle. It is
nearly circular in outline and is likewise guarded by a pair of
strong semi-lunar valves, one dorsal and one ventral. These
are the strongest and thickest of the cardiac valves. They
contain much elastic tissue, and are continuous with the
walls of the aorta at its base. Their action is similar to that
of other valves.
PERICARDIAL CAVITY.

The alimentary canal in Bdellostoma is suspended from the
mid-dorsal line of the body wall by a mesentery, which is
formed by the reflection of the lateral peritoneal sheets. (See
Fig. IV.,m.). Ventral to the alimentary canal, in the anterior
abdominal region, the liver is likewise enclosed by a contin-
uation of the same mesentery. (See Fig. V, L). Above the
anterior lobe of the liver, the lateral peritoneal sheets do not
meet above the alimentary canal to form a distinct mesentery.
They are widely separated, and in the space between them
‘the pericardial cavity is formed, just above the anterior lobe
of the liver. The relations of the peritoneal and pericardial
cavities are shown in diagram VI, which represents a cross-
section through that region. For convenience of descrip-
tion, we may conceive of the pericardial sac as formed by an
evagination of the peritoneal membrane on the right side
into the space above the anterior lobe of the liver, and below
the alimentary canal. The sac formed by this evagination is
in turn zxvaginated by the pushing in of the heart (V) from
below. In this way the pericardial membrane becomes
arranged to form a double wall made up of two layers — an
outer (O), or parietal layer, which encloses the pericardial
cavity (pec), and which is reflected to form the inner, or
visceral layer (1), which immediately invests the heart. By
the approximation of the pericardial layers, where they are
reflected over the heart, a ventral cardiac ligament, the meso-
cardium (cm) is formed. The mesocardium partially sep-
arates the general pericardial cavity into two unequal divi-

4

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 17

sions, right and left. These two cavities communicate freely
with each other dorsally (above and behind the heart), but
are entirely separated ventrally. The right pericardial cavity,
which is the larger, remains in free communication with the
peritoneal cavity through the pericardio-peritoneal foramen
(pef). The heart has therefore exactly the same relation to
the pericardium and the pericardial cavity as the intestine has
to the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. There is only
this difference, that the mesentery is dorsa/ to the intestine,
while the mesocardium is ventral to the heart.

The right pericardial cavity may be described approxi-
mately as an elongated lenticular cavity, 2-3 cm. long, flat-
tened dorso-ventrally, and lying just above the anterior por-
tion of the anterior lobe of the liver. The anterior end of
the cavity is larger and extends somewhat toward the right.
It includes that portion of the cavity which contains the ven-
tricle. The posterior end of the cavity is narrower, and
extends backward and toward the left. The right pericardial
cavity, as a whole, is bounded above by the dorsal body wall;
below by the anterior lobe of the liver; internally by the
mesocardium and the intestine (which it partially surrounds);
and externally by the reflected peritoneum, which lies for the
most part against the dorso-lateral body wall. An imperfect
septum, the jortal septum, complete only in the posterior
region, is formed by the reflection of the roof into the right
pericardial cavity. It extends parallel to the long axis of the
cavity, and partially divides it into two chambers — a smaller
outer and a larger zmner chamber. ‘This double-layered portal
septum in the middle portion surrounds the portal heart;
anteriorly, the anterior portal vein runs between its walls;
and posteriorly it surrounds the common portal vein.

The outer chamber of the right pericardial cavity lies
external to the portal septum. It isa narrow cavity, about
2-3 cm. in length, lying parallel to the inner chamber. It com-
’ municates with the inner chamber below the septum through-
out almost its entire length. Only the extreme posterior
portion of the outer chamber, into which the lateral wall of
the alimentary canal projects, is completely separated by the
septum from the inner chamber. In the posterior region the
outer chamber communicates laterally and externally with

S)

18 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

the general peritoneal cavity, through a narrow slit about
I-2 cm. in length — the pericardio-peritoneal foramen. (See
Figs. VI, X, XIX, pcef). The direction of the slit is not
quite longitudinal, but extends slightly outward anteriorly.
The lower margin of the foramen is formed anteriorly by the
fold extending upward from the liver (hepatic ligament)
(See Fig. VI). Posteriorly, the slit borders on the lateral
wall of the alimentary canal. The upper margin of the slit
is formed posteriorly by the body wall and anteriorly by a
reflection of the peritoneum from the wall. Through the
pericardio-peritoneal foramen passes the supra-intestinal vein
closely attached to.the lateral wall of the intestine. The
anterior extremity of the right mesonephros extends through
the foramen, projecting from the inner side of the roof. The
floor of the outer chamber is formed anteriorly by the upper
surface of the anterior lobe of the liver; posteriorly, by the
fold extending from the upper surface of the lobe to the
lower margin of the pericardial foramen. The roof of the
outer chamber is in direct contact with the body wall.
External to the portal heart, toward the anterior end of the
chamber, the sight pronephros projects downward and out-
ward into the cavity, pushing the pericardium before it. Just
behind the pronephros, and above (outside) the pericardium,
along the inner margin of the chamber, lies the anterior end
of the mesonephros, which extends backward through the
pericardial foramen, as described. In the posterior region
the outer chamber lies against the right side of the intes-
tinal wall. Along this wall a fold of the pericardium extends
from the pericardial foramen to the posterior end of the
portal heart. This fold encloses the sapra-intestinal vein.
(See Fig. XIII.)

The zzner chamber of the right pericardial cavity lies
internal to the portal septum, and encloses the ventricle of
the heart. It is much larger than the outer chamber, being
of about the same length, but wider and deeper. The inner
chamber is situated slightly ventral to the outer. Anteriorly,
the chamber is about 34 cm. deep. Posteriorly, it becomes
shallower and narrower, terminating just anterior to the gall
bladder, and above the anterior lobe of the liver. On the
left side the inner chamber forms a blind sac into which a

6

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 19

lobe of the auricle projects. The roof of the inner chamber
is in contact with the ventral surface of the alimentary canal.
The floor lies upon the dorsal surface of the anterior lobe of
the liver. The anterior wall lies against the connective
tissue surrounding the last gill pouch on the right side. The
external wall is formed by the portal septum, which is incom-
plete ventrally, leaving an extensive communication with the
outer chamber. The inner wall is formed by the mesocar-
dium, which is also incomplete. Above the mesocardium is
a narrow longitudinal slit (about 1 cm. in length) through
which the right and left pericardial cavities communicate.
The ventricle of the heart occupies the anterior portion of
the inner chamber. ‘The double-layered mesocardium passes
upward and outward from its attachment, soon dividing into
two sheets which form the inner pericardial layer immediately
surrounding the ventricle. (Fig. VI.) Anteriorly the inner
pericardial layer becomes continuous with the outer, forming
no pericardium. In this way the anterior end of the ventricle
is not covered by the pericardium, but lies oufszde the pericar-
dial space. The mesocardium is attached ventrally to the
left margin of the anterior lobe of the liver. Posteriorly it
encloses the sinus and veins opening into it.

The left pericardial cavity lies on the left side of the meso-
cardium, somewhat dorsal to the right cavity. It is a small
elongated sac, which closely surrounds the auricle. The roof
is in contact with the alimentary canal internally and the
dorsal body wall externally. The floor and external walls
touch the latero-ventral body wall. The inner wall is formed
by the incomplete mesocardium, leaving the right and left
pericardial cavities in communication dorsally. The exterior
wall abuts against the postero-dorsal wall of the oesophago-
cutaneous duct. Posteriorly, the cavity ends as a short blind
pocket. From the roof the left pronephros and the left
anterior cardinal vein project into the cavity, pushing the
pericardium before them. The mesocardium extends into the
left pericardial cavity and surrounds the ventricle on the
right side. The postero-internal angle of the auricle often
extends through the slit-like foramen above the mesocar-
dium, and lies in a pocket within the right pericardial cavity.
This relation is not constant, however.

7

20 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ARTERIAL SYSTEM.

The ventral aorta (Figs. X, XVIII, Av.) consists of a
principal median trunk, which divides anteriorly into a pair
of lateral branches. ‘The main trunk lies in the median line,
just above the ventral body wall and below the pharynx.
The length is about 3cm. The lateral branches are a little
longer. It extends from the anterior end of the ventricle to
the posterior extremity of the “‘club-muscle.” It lies between
the last six or seven pairs of gills, and is imbedded in the
peculiar brownish fatty connective tissue characteristic of
that region. The median trunk of the aorta is nearly cylin-
drical in shape, but narrows slightly in caliber anteriorly.
Posteriorly, at its junction with the ventricle, it is suddenly
constricted. The relatively small opening from the ventricle
is guarded by a pair of strong semi-lunar valves, as previously
described. The short expanded portion of the aorta just
beyond the constriction and behind the first gill branches
represents the du/bus aorte. This portion of the aorta is in
contact ventrally with the dorsal surface of the anterior lobe
of the liver.

The ventral aorta divides anteriorly into two branches (right
and left) which pass forward, upward, and outward, along the
dorso-lateral aspect of the posterior end of the club-muscle.
The posterior end of the club-muscle, with reference to the
point of branching, is variable, on account of the mobility of
the former. The usual position is shown in Fig. X. But
the muscle may be drawn forward, or even back below the
point of division.

The afferent branchial arteries (Figs. X, XVIII, af. br.)
rise on either side from the ventral aorta and its right and
left branches. There are usually six or seven pairs arising
from the median trunk, and from three to six pairs from the
branches. Sometimes there is one more on one side than on
the other, corresponding to the asymmetrical occurrence of
the gills. The six or seven pairs from the median trunk are
never symmetrically disposed. The last afferent branchial
artery on the right side is always posterior to the correspond-
ing left vessel. (See Fig. X.) The two pairs lying next
anterior to the last are situated nearly opposite to each other,

8

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 21

while the remaining vessels from the median trunk are asym-
metrical, the /e/¢ vessels arising anterior to the corresponding
vessels on the right side. The afferent branchial arteries
arising from the right and left branches of the aorta are also
asymmetrically placed, corresponding to the asymmetry of
the gills. The afferent vessels vary in length, the anterior
vessels being longer than those in the posterior region.
Those from the main trunk are about 1-1.5 cm., while those
from the lateral branches are 1.5-3 cm., increasing from
behind forwards. The most anterior vessel is always the
longest. In size they are all about equal. The direction of
the arteries is external and slightly upward in the arteries
from the main trunk, and forward, upward, and outward in
those from the lateral branches. Each afferent branchial
artery terminates on the postero-external wall of the corre-
sponding gill pouch, just below the external gill passage.

The last afferent branchial artery of each side gives off a
small branch a short distance from the gill. This branch

‘possesses a lumen only at its origin, if at all. It soon becomes

reduced to a slender string of connective tissue which
becomes lost in the connective tissue around the “club-
muscle.” Attached to this string is a small spheroidal body,
apparently made up of fibrous and fatty tissue. (See Fig.
X, XIV.)

It may be remarked that in Bdel/lostoma forsteri this string
may be traced from the branchial artery around to the dorsal
aorta. The significance of these structures will be discussed
Partie.

BRANCHIAL CIRCULATION.

(Pigss VITR Pe TIT)

The gills of the Bdellostoma are lens-shaped pouches, com-
pressed laterally, so as to be concave on the inner face and
convex on the outer. The pouches are not circular in out-
line, but more nearly elliptical, being elongated dorso-ven-
trally. The gill, as a whole, has two faces and four borders—
superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The anterior and
posterior are usually indented so as to be slightly concave,
instead of convex. ‘The afferent gill passage enters at the
middle of the concave zzzer wall of the gill. (Fig. XIX.)

9

22 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

The efferent gill passage is given off from about the center of
the convex ouwfer wall. (Fig. X.) The line through these
openings I shall call the axis of the gill. The internal ana-
tomy is complex. The mucous membrane of the inner
walls is folded to form a number of plates which are parallel
to the axis of the gill and extended radially toward the center.
(Fig. IX.) There are about twenty large plates, and a large
number of smaller ones. ‘The latter extend only a short dis-
tance in from the wall, and fill in the spaces between the
bases of the other gill plates. Each plate is thrown into
folds, only moderately near the base, but to an extraordinary
degree of complexity toward the center. In this way a large
amount of respiratory surface is developed. ‘The free central
margin, like the attached base of the plate, is strong and only
slightly branched. These parts seem to serve merely as
supports for the extremely thin respiratory leaflets. The
inner surface of the gill wall, and the thicker supporting parts
of the gill plates are covered with a stratified epithelium.
The delicate respiratory leaflets are covered with a thin pave-
ment epithelium. Next to the epithelial membrane occurs
a small amount of connective tissue surrounding the blood
vessels. Externally, the wall of the gill pouch is composed
of a double layer of striated muscle — the external layer of
circular fibers, the internal of /ongztudinal fibers (parallel to
the axis). Surrounding the muscular layer isa thin serous
membrane, which lines the lymphatic peri-branchial spaces.
The general distribution of the blood vessels in the gills is
as follows: The afferent branchial artery of each gill passes
under the lower margin of each gill pouch, then upward over
the convex outer gill wall, which it enters just below the
external gill passage. Some small twigs are given off which
supply the gill passage and the muscles of the gill wall. The
afferent artery then divides into two branches which sur-
round the opening of the gill-passage, forming an irregular
“ring vessel.”” From this “ring vessel’ several radial vessels,
often dilated into sinuses, are given off which pass within
the gill wall toward the peripheral margin. Branches are
given off which extend along the attached margin of each gill
plate, beneath the muscular layers of the gill wall. From
these branches numerous smaller vessels pass directly into

ice)

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Be:

the gill plate. Their general direction is parallel to the axis
of the gill, and perpendicular to the walls of the gill pouch.
These smaller vessels break up into capillaries, which ramify
between the thin epithelial walls of the respiratory gill leaf-
lets. In this region an extensive capillary network is formed,
and anastomoses between the larger vessels are also common.
Toward the opposite (7. e. the inner) attached edge of the
gill plate, and in the free central margins, the capillaries
again unite to form larger vessels. These efferent branchial
vessels converge on the inner wall of the gill pouch in much
the same way as they are distributed in the outer wall. They
unite under the muscular layer into sinuses and vessels which
finally unite to form the efferent branchial artery of each gill
pouch. This vessel leaves the gill wall just above the internal
gill passage. (Fig. XIX, ef, br.) A diagrammatic represen-
tation of the branchial circulation is shown in Figure XIII,
which respresents the vascular distribution in a plane parallel
to the gill axis. Figure IX shows a drawing of a section
of an injected gill made perpendicular to the axis of the gill,
and near its center. The low magnification, fails to give an
adequate idea of the great complexity in the formation of the
gill leaflets. Figures VIII and XIV represent small portions
of these leaflets magnified to show the capillary vessels, which
are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells. The larger
vessels have walls composed of three layers,—an outer layer
of connective tissue, a middle layer of circular muscle fibers,
and an inner simple endothelial layer.

The efferent branchial arteries (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, ef,
br) arise from the inner face of each gill pouch, just above
the internal gill passage (gpi). Each efferent vessel extends
upward and inward toward the median line. In the posterior
region each vessel ascends just behind a “gill constrictor”
muscle, then turns forward immediately adove it and joins
the overlying common carotid just anterior to the muscle.
There are never /wo efferent vessels for each gill-pouch, as is
commonly the case in Bdellostoma forstert. All the efferent
branches of each side open into the corresponding lateral
common carotid.

seat

24 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

GENERAL ARTERIAL SYSTEM.

The common carotid arteries (right and left) posteriorly ex-
tend longitudinally along each side above the gills and be-
side the pharynx. (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, Car.) Extern-
ally, they connect with the efferent branchial arteries; and
internally, by means of from four to seven short commissural
vessels (comw) on each side, they communicate with the
median dorsal aorta. These commissural vessels usually
arise nearly opposite the fourth or fifth to the eighth or tenth
pairs of gills. Posteriorly the common carotids are connected
with the dorsal aorta nearly opposite each other, and a short
distance behind the last pair of gills. Anteriorly they con-
tinue forward on each side of the pharynx, giving off numer-
ous small twigs to this organ. Each carotid also supplies
the club muscle with several branches. The most posterior
pair of these branches seem to supply only that portion of
the muscle connected with the longitudinal refractor fibers.
The remaining branches supply the circular constrictor por-
tion. The bratiches to the “club-muscle’”’ run in the sheet
of connective tissue which connects the muscle to the dorso-
lateral body wall on each side.

Just behind the cartilaginous “pharyngeal basket” of the
branchial skeleton, each common carotid divides into two
branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. Each
external carotid passes forward and downward around and
outside the pharyngeal basket and runs forward along the
outer margin of the basal plate. Near the junction of the
posterior with the anterior segments of the basal plate, a
small branch is given off which passes upward and inward to
the ligament attaching the dental plate (vamus lingualis).
This branch supplies the dental plate but apparently not the
muscles moving it. The main trunk of the external carotid
then passes forward along the external margin of the basal.
plate on each side giving off small twigs to the lateral walls
of the skull. Anteriorly it breaks up into a number of small
branches, which supply the muscles and integument in the
tentacular region.

Each zxternal carotid continues inward and forward just
above the pharynx. (See Figs. XVIII and XX.) A rela-

I2

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 25

Me

tively large lateral branch is given off on each side which
runs forward and supplies the muscles in the lateral region
of the head. In one instance I traced this vessel (on the left
side), forward under the lateral trunk muscles just outside
the skull wall, under the hyoid arch, and out into the orbital
region, sending a branch out to the skin, in the fibrous
band of connective tissue just below the eye. ‘The main
trunk of the internal carotid joins the corresponding vessel
of the opposite side in the median line just below the noto-
chord and in front of the supra-pharyngeal plate. (See
Fig. XX.)

The vertebralis impar (v), formed by the junction of the
internal carotids, runs forward a short distance in the median
line beneath the notochord, giving off branches to the brain
and cranial wall. Passing below the cranium, just behind
the pituitary sac, it divides into two lateral branches, right and
left, which run forward on each side of the base of the
cranium to the nasal and anterior head region.

The anterior dorsal aorta (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, Aa) is
that portion of the median dorsal aorta which lies in, and in
front of, the gill region. Posteriorly, it begins with the most
posterior point of connection with the lateral carotids. It
lies immediately above the pharynx, and below the noto-
chord. In the gill region, the anterior dorsal aorta gives off
four or five pairs of branches to the body wall (somatic
branches). ‘The posterior, three pairs of these usually pierce
the’ overlying “‘‘gill constrictor’’ muscles. In the anterior
gill region, the aorta curves slightly to the right, and con-
tinues forward beneath the right side of the notochord. In
one instance it turned first to the left, ran forward two or
three somites, then passed over to the right and forward as
usual.

Anterior to the gill region it gives off in its course seven
or eight pairs of somatic branches to the adjacent segments
of the body wall. In general, an artery is given off to each
alternate myoseptum on each side. Each somatic vessel
divides into two branches, dorsal and ventral, whose course
is the same as that of those to be described in the abdominal
region (see Fig. XV). There are some variations in the
distribution of the branches of the anterior dorsal aorta,

rg

26 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

however. The arteries, like the corresponding myotomes,
are not arranged in bilateral symmetry. The branches are
given off alternately, especially in the anterior region. (See
Fig. XX.) A short distance behind the junction of the
internal carotids, the anterior dorsal aorta crosses over and
joins the left internal carotid, just behind the origin of the
lateral branch.

The posterior dorsal aorta (Figs. XII, XV, XVIII, XIX,
XX, Ao), is the posterior continuation of the same vessel
which anteriorly forms the anterior dorsal aorta. Beginning
behind the junction with the lateral carotids, the posterior
dorsal aorta gives off branches as follows:

(a) A pair of somatic branches, and usually a mesenteric
twig to the intestinal wall.

(6) Twigs to the right and left Avonephros (pnl, pnr).
These may come off as separate twigs, but usually arise in
common with somatic branches (Fig. XIX).

(c) The coeliac artery is a relatively large vessel. It oc-
casionally gives off a twig to the left pronephros. It then
passes downward between the sinus venosus and the alimen-
tary canal (to which it gives off a small branch). The coeliac
artery then proceeds along the common bile duct to the gall-
cyst, which it supplies. Then it divides into two terminal
vessels, anterior and posterior, which pass along the bile
ducts to the anterior and posterior lobes of the liver. Here
they break up into capillaries which supply these structures.

(d) Mesenteric arteries (Figs. XII, XV, XVIII, mes)’ are
given off ventrally, which pass downward between the right
and left posterior cardinal veins, in the mesentery, to the
intestinal wall. Just above the intestinal wall they usually
divide, one branch going to the right, the other to the left
side of the intestine. Both branches pass to the left of the
supra-intestinal vein, but pass one on each side of the vagus
nerve, which lies in the median line just above the intestinal
wall. There are about thirty mesenteric arteries, and they
arise in a somewhat irregular manner. Often, however, they
arise in couples, one a short distance behind the other (See
Fig. XII).

(ce) The somatic arteries arise regularly along the entire
length of the dorsal aorta, anterior and posterior (Figs. XII,

14

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt, 27

XV, XVIII, XX, s). The somatic arteries, as a rule, alter-
nate with the somatic vezzs on each side. (Fig. XII.)
Those of the right and left sides are sometimes in pairs,
opposite each other, but usually alternate, always corre-
sponding to the arrangement of the myotomes on each side.
The somatic arteries from the anterior dorsal aorta arise
independently. Those from the fosterzory dorsal aorta usually
arise by a short trunk in common with one or more renal
branches (Fig. XII). Each somatic artery passes above the
mesonephros, supplies it with one or more twigs, and then
divides into two branches. (See Fig. XV.) The dorsal
branch passes directly upward beside the notochord, supply-
ing the lateral trunk muscles, and sending branches into the
neural canal to supply the spinal cord. Then it passes up in

the median longitudinal septum above the neural canal. It
_ passes out to the skin of the dorsal region through the sheet
of connective tissue which fastens the skin to the body wall.

The ventral branches of the somatic arteries correspond to
the zztercostal vessels of the higher vertebrates. (Figs. XII,
XV, ic.) They pass outward along the roof and sides of the
peritoneal cavity, between the lateral trunk muscles and
the peritoneum. They pass along the septa between the
myotomes, giving off many minute twigs to the adjoining
muscles, (see. Pigs. XII; XV,-<1c.) Hach,“intercostal”’
passes along with (anterior to) the corresponding intercostal
nerve (sn). After passing between two slime glands, which
it supplies, each intercostal vessel gives off irregular branches
to the ventral rectus trunk muscle in the vicinity. The end
piece of each vessel passes out into the skin in the neigh-
borhood of the slime glands, and is distributed to the integu-
ment of the ventral and lateral regions of the body.

(f) Renal branches are supplied segmentally to the mesone-
phros along each side of the aorta. A portion of these are
shown in Figure XII, (r). (cfr. also Figs. XVIII and XX.)
These renal branches supply the segmental glomeruli along
the inner wall of the mesonephros. The glomeruli corre-
spond to the myotomes only in a general way, and not
exactly. Usually two glomerular vessels, and one or more
twigs to the dorsal and inner walls of the mesonephros, arise
from a common trunk with a somatic branch. There is

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28 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

much variation in this respect, however. Sometimes a
somatic and one renal vessel arise together, and sometimes
the renal vessels arise independently.

(g) The genital branches (Figs. VII, XVIII, XX, gen)
arise from all the mesenteric arteries in the region of the
testis in the male, and the ovary in the female. Occasionally
branches arise independently from the dorsal aorta. The
genital branches pass out in the genital ligament (a special
fold on the right side of the mesentery). Soon after enter-
ing this fold the genital vessels, for the most part, unite to
form a longitudinal commissural vessel. (Fig. VII.) From
this vessel a large number of smaller vessels run out toward
the testis or ovary, branching and anastomosing freely. A
capillary network is formed in the membrane surrounding
each ovum, or lobule of the testis.

Behind the cloaca, the aorta continues immediately below
the notochord in the median line, but here, as might be ex-
pected, only the somatic branches are givenoff. On reaching
the median ventral plate, the aorta divides into a right and a
left branch, each of which passes backward on the corre-
sponding side of the plate. Lateral branches are given off
to supply the muscles and integument of the caudal region.
In the caudal fin, small vessels run out distally correspond-
ing to each fin ray.

GENERAL VENOUS SYSTEM.

The veizs of the Bdellostoma may be included under two
separate systems—the gevera/ system, and the porta/ system.
The general venous system is larger, including all those
veins through which the blood flows into the sinus venosus.
(Figs) Ky x1, RVI XVM SS)» “Anteriorly i -where rit
empties into the auricle, the sinus is narrow, and receives
the inxferior jugular vein (jv). Posteriorly, behind the auricle,
the sinus is dilated, and receives on the left, the /é/t
anterior cardinal vein (acl.) anteriorily, and the common car-
dinal vein (pec) posteriorly. On the right side enter the
anterior and posterior hepatic veins (ha, hp).

Beginning with the general venous system in the head
region, we find the superficial anterior cardinal vein. (Figs.

16

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 29

XVII, XVIII, scd) arising on each side of the head. It
leaves the cranium just dorsal to the corresponding vagus
nerve. It passes backward alongside the vagus, between the
lateral trunk muscles, and the constrictors of the pharynx.
In this region it receives the first eight or ten somatic veins.
These somatic veins, like the somatic arteries (with which
they alternate), arise from the skin and trunk muscles the
entire length of the body. ‘They correspond exactly to the
somatic veins of the abdominal region shown in Figure XV,
(s). They are each composed of a very short terminal trunk
which is supplied by two branches, (1) a dovsa/ branch which
collects the blood from the dorsal region of the integument,
the spinal cord, notochord and muscles of the vicinity. It
descends vertically at the side of the notochord, and on
reaching the ventral surface of the dorsal body wall, joins
with (2) the ventral branch, or “‘znztercostal”’ vein. ‘The in-
tercostal veins, like the intercostal arteries, are distributed
to the integument of the ventral and lateral regions of the
body, and the ventral rectus muscle. In the gill region, the
intercostals receive, in the region of the slime glands,
occasional “pleural’’ branches from the connective tissue.
Then after collecting the blood from the two adjacent slime
glands, it passes between these along the intermuscular
septum of the myotomes, on the ventral surface of the dorsal
and dorso-lateral body walls. The intercostal veins lie just
in front of the corresponding intercostal nerves. As before
mentioned, the intercostal veins usually alternate with the
intercostal arteries (Figs. XI, XII, XV, XIX, ic), especially
in the abdominal region. In the pharyngeal region the
arrangement is less regular, there being often two adjacent
arteries or veins, and occasionally both an artery or vein on
one intermuscular septum. (Fig. XIX.) After receiving the
somatic veins from the head region, the superficial cardinal
pierces the constrictor muscle and joins the deep cardinal
vein.

The deep anterior cardinal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, ded)
arises from the integument and muscles of the anterior head
region. It passes on each side between the pharynx and
hyoid arch (just below the posterior process), then directly
backward alongside the pharynx, internal to the constrictors,

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30 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

receiving branches, and passing under the first branchial
arch, but over the second. About 2-3 cm. behind the second
arch it is joined by the superficial cardinal to form the common
anterior cardinal vein.

The common anterior cardinal (or jugular) veins, right and
left (Figs. XVII, XIX, acr, acl), pass backward and beside
the pharynx, just external to the corresponding carotid
artery, and internal to the vagus nerve. They receive four
sets of branches: (1) somatic veins from the body wall; (2)
pharyngeal branches, (ph), numerous small twigs from the
wall of the pharynx; (3) ‘‘club-muscle” branches, from the
“club-muscle;”’ (4) ““pleural’’ branches from the connective
tissue in the pharyngeal region. Anteriorly, the courses of
the right and left anterior common cardinals are similar. Be-
hind the “club-muscle,’’ however, they are quite different.

The left anterior cardinal continues in the same general
direction backward beside the vagus, and above the gills.
It receives the usual somatic branches, and also a few
“pleural” twigs from the connective tissue surrounding the
gill pouches. It also occasionally receives twigs from the
walls of the gill passages and oesophago-cutaneous duct.
Posteriorly (Fig. XI, acl), it forms a slight projection from the
roof into the left pericardial cavity, as before described. It
passes between the left pronephros, from which it receives a
twig, and the alimentary canal, and empties into the antero-
lateral angle of the dilated posterior portion of the sinus
venosus.

The right anterior cardinal, on the other hand, toward the
posterior end of the “‘club-muscle,” leaves the pharyngeal
wall, passes downward toward the posterior end of the “‘club-
muscle,” and crossing over toward the median line, empties
into the ¢xferior jugular vein. (Fig. XIX, jv) The remain-
ing area corresponding to that supplied by the left anterior
cardinal on the other side of the body is supplied by the
portal system.

The inferior jugular vein (Figs. X, XVII, XVIII, jv)
arises from the posterior end of the ‘‘club-muscle,” from
which it emerges on the ventral surface. It passes backward
a little to the left of the median line, immediately over the
ventral body wall. After receiving the right anterior cardinal

18

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 21
By) is 3

vein, it continues backward a little below and to the left of
the median ventral aorta. (Fig. X.) It receives a varying
number of branches from the body wall. It also receives
several small “pleural” twigs from the connective tissue and
gill passages, including the oesophago-cutaneous duct and
the adjoining pharyngeal wall. Finally, the inferior jugular
vein empties into the anterior end of the sinus venosus, just
in front of the sinu-auricular aperture.

The posterior cardinal veins arise in the caudal region from
small twigs which form two small veins. These lateral veins
accompany the arteries on each side of the cartilaginous
median ventral plate in the caudal region. (Fig. XVII.)
They unite to form the median caudal vein (caud), which
runs forward immediately beneath the caudal artery. The
caudal vein, at its posterior end, is dilated to form a small
sinus just in front of the median ventral plate. Laterally,
the caudal vein receives, on each side, the somatic veins of
the caudal region.

Anteriorly, in the cloacal region, the caudal vein divides
into two veins, the r7ght and left posterior cardinal veins.
(Figs. XI, XII, XV, XVIII, XIX, pcr, pel.) These vessels
run parallel with each other, just below and on each side of
the posterior dorsal aorta. The right posterior cardinal is
much smaller than the left. (See Figs. XII, XV, XVII.)
Each lies internal to and in contact with that side of the
corresponding mesonephros which faces toward the median
line. The posterior cardinals are joined by a large number
of short transverse commissural vessels (about twenty-five in
all). They are not placed at regular intervals, but are more
numerous in the posterior region. They vary in size, being
usually about as wide as the right cardinal vein. The
posterior cardinals receive two sets of branches: (1) the
renal branches; (2) the somatic veins.

The renal branches (see Fig. XII), appear to arise, for the
most part, on the ventral surface of the mesonephros. They
collect together and form small twigs, which run across
toward the median line and empty into the corresponding
posterior cardinal vein. ‘These renal veins are somewhat
irregularly distributed, but traces of their original segmental
arrangement are easily recognized.

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32 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

The somatic veins have already been described in a general
way. Those of the abdominal region pass dorsal to the cor-
responding mesonephros (receiving no branches from them),
and empty into the corresponding posterior cardinal vein.

The posterior cardinals receive no veins from the intestine.
In one instance only I observed a branch from the testis
runuing upward into the right posterior cardinal vein.

Anteriorly, a short distance behind the heart, the right
and left posterior cardinals unite again to form the unpaired
posterior common cardinal vein (Fig. XVII, pec), which passes
forward on the left side, and empties into the posterior end
of the sinus venosus.

The sub-intestinal vein (Figs. XI, XV, XVII, XVIII, sub.
int.) arises from the ventral wall of the intestine toward the
anterior end. It passes forward along the median ventral
line of the intestinal wall, and on reaching the hepatic liga-
ment, passes down along its posterior margin to the posterior
lobe of the liver. (Fig. XI.) In some specimens it passes
through the tissue of the liver for a considerable distance,
but in others it runs along the surface, within the serous
membrane. It passes behind the liver, and runs forward on

its ventral and external aspect. It receives branches from
the posterior lobe of the liver, and becomes the posterior
hepatic vein (hp). As such it passes upward, parallel and
near to the bile duct of the posterior lobe. It becomes very
much widened, and finally empties into the posterior end of
the sinus venosus, opposite the common posterior cardinal
vein.

The veins of the anterior lobe of the liver converge to form
the anterior hepatic vein, which lies on the dorsal surface of
the lobe. (Figs. XI, XVII, XVIII, ha.) This vein runs
forward and upward, emptying into the left side of the sinus
venosus, a little behind-the sinu-auricular opening.

There is also apparently a small vein running in the liga-
ment between the anterior end of the posterior lobe, and the
posterior end of the anterior lobe. The veins from the gall
cyst, as will be seen, join the portal system, and will be de-
scribed there.

20

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 33

THE PoRTAL VENOUS SYSTEM.

The portal venous system includes the portal vein and all
the vessels which flow into it.

The anterior portal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, XIX, ap)
arises in the right branchial region, a little in front of the
posterior end of the “club-muscle.” (Fig. XIX.) It lies just
below and to the right of the notochord, and receives the
somatic veins from the right side in the branchial region. A
few scattering venous twigs from this region also pass across
into the inferior jugular vein. ‘The anterior portal continues
backward into the fold (portal septum), separating the inner
and outer chambers of the right pericardial cavity, as pre-
viously described. It passes between the alimentary canal
and the right pronephros, and opens into the roof of the
portal heart near the anterior end. ‘The entrance is guarded
by a pair of thin membranous valves, semi-lunar in shape,
one anterior and one posterior. (See Fig. XVI, ap.) Just
before entering the portal heart it receives a branch which is
made up of a twig from the pronephros, and (often) two or
three somatic veins lying opposite and posterior to the portal
heart. In one instance, I observed an anastomosis between
this vein and a somatic vein emptying into the right posterior
cardinal vein.

The supra-intestinal vein (Figs. XI, XII, XV, XVII,
XVIII, XIX, supr. int.) receives the blood from the entire
intestinal wall, excepting the floor in the anterior region. It
runs forward just above the intestine a little to the right of
the median line, within the mesentery. It lies to the right of
the vagus nerve and the mesenteric arteries. In the region
of the reproductive organs the supra-intestinal vein receives
several genital veins which descend in the mesentery. These
veins are formed by the plexus of small venous twigs in the
special genital fold of the mesentery (Figs. XII, XVIII,
gen). On reaching the pericardial region, the supra intes-
tinal vein turns to the right side of the intestine. Here it
receives the cystic vein (Fig. XIX, cv), which is made up of
branches from the gall cyst. The supra-intestinal vein then
passes through the pericardio-peritoneal foramen, beside the
intestine, and below the right mesonephros. It then crosses

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34 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

the roof of the outer chamber of the right pericardial cavity
just below the right vagus nerve, and enters the roof of the
portal heart near the posterior end. (See Fig. XVI, supr int.)
The slit through which the blood enters is diagonally placed,
and guarded by a pair of semi-lunar valves, like those of the
anterior portal.

The portal heart (Figs. X, XVI, XVII. XVIII, XIX, H.) lies
in the pericardial fold which forms the septum in the right
pericardial cavity. It is an elongated sac (1-2 cm. in length),
somewhat irregular in shape and variable in size. It stretches
diagonally across the pericardial cavity, and lies nearly oppo-
site the ventricle (cf. Fig. X). Amteriorly it receives the
anterior portal vein; toward the posterior end it receives
the supra-intestinal vein. Both these enter dorsally. At its
posterior extremity the portal heart empties into its efferent
vessel, the common portal vein. ‘The opening into the common
portal vein is guarded by a pair of strong semi-lunar valves
(Fig. XVI, cp), which are placed laterally, and like the other
valves previously described, prevent any reflux of blood
during the circulation.

Johannes Miiller was mistaken in his statement that no
muscle fibers exist in the portal heart of Bdellostoma.* The
wallis quite muscular, fully as much as that of the auricle. As
in the latter, the inner surface of the wall of the portal heart
is made irregular by muscular and fibrous trabecule, which
project from the surface. The muscle fibers are ad?stinctly
striated, and their nuclei seem to lie on the sides of (not
within) the contractile fibers.

The common portal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, XIX, ep) con-
tinues backward and inward toward the median line. It
passes above the anterior lobe of the liver, to which it gives
off ventrally a large branch which descends almost vertically
alongside the hepatic duct of the anterior lobe. (XI, cpa).
The main trunk of the common portal vein then crosses the
median line to the left side and passes backward and down-
ward alongside the hepatic duct of the posterior lobe. (Fig.
XI, cpp.) About the center of the dorsal surface it enters

*Vergl. Anat. der Myxinoiden (1834). Later Miiller observed the pulsations of the
portal heart in living Myxine. Untersuchungen tiber die Kingeweide der Fische
(1842).

22

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 35

the posterior lobe and breaks up into capillaries in the tissue
of the liver.

I have observed in several cases a marked terdency fcr the
injected carmine gelatine to escape from the blood vessels
into the surrounding lymphatics, which are very numerous
and extensive. These lymphatic spaces, especially the sub-
dermal spaces in the caudal region, and the peri-branchial
spaces around the gill pouches, are usually found more or less
injected, although the blood vessels show no signs of over-
distension. The lymphatic spaces around the vessels in the
gill itself are also often filled. This condition may be inter-
preted as indicating that the capillary walls are unusually
weak and permeable, so that the injected liquid passes
through them, carrying blood corpuscles with it. That this
process is not normal is shown by the absence of red blood
corpuscles from these lymphatic spaces in life, and in unin-
jected specimens.

REMARKS ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF BDELLOSTOMA.

The communication of the pericardial cavity with the peri-
toneal cavity through the pericardo-peritoneal foramen is
primitive. The heart, which is a specialized portion of the
primitive sub- intestinal vessel, always develops at first in
the anterior end of the general peritoneal cavity. In all
adults, however, a special pericardial cavity is formed. In
Petromyzon, whose pericardial sac is enclosed in a cartila-
ginous pocket, the separation is complete. In the larval
Ammoccetes, however, there exist two larval pericardio-peri-
toneal foramina, one on either side. Communication between
pericardial and peritoneal cavities exists also in Elasmo-
branchs and Ganoids, but only during embryonic life in all
higher vertebrates.

Although its embryological development is not yet worked
out, the sinus venosus doubtless at first receives a right and
left ductus Cuviert, like Petromyzon (Goette), and higher
forms. ‘The right ductus has probably been lost altogether
in a manner which will be discussed later. The left ductus
Cuvieri has apparently fused with the sinus venosus, and is
represented by the external portion of the posterior expanded

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36 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

division of the sinus, which still receives the right anterior
and posterior cardinals.

In the absence of a contractile valved conus arteriosus,
Bdellostoma and all the Cyclostomata resemble the Teleosts
more than the Elasmobranchs. (See text figures A, B, C.)

A, Elasmobranch.
B, Ganoid.

C, Teleost.

s, sinus venosus.

a, auricle.

v, ventricle.

c, conus arteriosus.
6, bulbus arteriosus.
7, ventral aorta.

k, valves.

(From Boas’s Zoology.)

In this respect the Bdellostoma is probably not primitive,
since in the Sharks and Ganoids there is clearly a tendency
to a reduction in the number of the valves and the size of
the conus.*

Contrary to Miiller’s statement (Vergl. Anat. der Myxi-
noiden, pp. 180), the bulbus aorte is of entirely devoid of
muscular fibers. As in the arteries in general, there isa small
amount of plain muscle fibers mixed with the thick layer of
elastic fibers. The bulbus is evidently not contractile, how-
ever, in the ordinary sense of the word.

*It is quite possible, however, that the absence of a conus represents a condition
more primitive than the Elasmobranch. No valved conus appears during the devel-
opment of Petromyzon.

24

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Bi)

Variations from the structure of the typical ventral aorta,
as previously described, are very common. As an extreme
instance, I may mention a case mentioned by Miiller,in which
the ventral aorta, immediately after leaving the heart, divided
into two branches from which all the afferent branchial
arteries arise.

With respect to the “ductus Botalli,” Miiller noted the fol-
lowing in Bdellostoma forsteri:’ “ Khe wir die Gefasse der
Myxinoiden ganz verlassen, miissen wir noch einer Beobach-
tung gedenken, welche auf einen Entwickelungszustand des
Gefiss-systems der Myxinoiden einiges Licht wirft. Ich habe
nimlich bei dem grossen Myxinoid vom Cap wiederholt
die Reste zweier ductus Botalli bemerkt, welche friiher ohne
Zweifel die arteria branchialis mit dem Arterien system in
Verbindung setzten, jetzt aber ganz feine fadenartige Strange
bilden, deren Ursprung aus der arferia branchialis und Ende
in Arteriensystem des Korpers aber noch hohl sind. Dieser
Faden entspringt aus dem Aste der Kiemenarterie zur
vordersten Kieme, in gleicher Weise auf jeder Seite. Bei
seinen Ursprung ist er ansehnlich dick, conish und hohl, die
Fortsetzung ist aber sehr fein, sie geht vorwarts aufwarts
gegen die Carotis hin, wo diese aus den vordern Kiemenvenen
entsteht, hier erweitert sich der Faden wieder, wird wieder
hohl und senkt sich in die Anfang der Carotis ein. Aus diesem
hohlen Ende des Fadens gehen einige feine Zweige zu den
Pleuren ab. Diese Anordnung fand ich in gleicher Weise
bei mehreren grossen Exemplaren von Ldellostoma forstert.
Ich habe sie auch bei den A7yxinen gesehen. Diese obliterir-
ten ductus Botalli waren offenbar friiher weite Aortenbogen
von dem /fruncus arteriosus des Herzens zu den Carotiden und
von diesen weiter zur Aorta.” (loc. cit., pp. 191.)

I have already described the same structures found in
Bdellostoma dombeyi. In addition to the observation of
Miiller, I have added that a spheroidal or flattened mass of
connective tissue is found attached to the ‘‘ductus”’ a short
distance from its origin. This body is larger and more
saccular in appearance in Sdellostoma forstert. (See text
figure E, z), and evidently may be interpreted as the rudiment
of the gi// pouch corresponding to the obliterated branchial
artery. A similar ductus Botalli: from the first branchial

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38 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

artery is found in certain Caducibranchiata. In these cases, a
“rete mirabile ”’ persists in the course of the ductus, and rep-
resents the obliterated gill. (Balfour, Comp. Embryol. Vol IT.)

Since the ‘‘ductus Botalli” is a constant feature in all
specimens of Adellostoma examined, its significance lies in

D, efferent branchial system of Bdellostoma forster?, dorsal view.
K, heart and afferent branchial system, of Bde//ostoma forstert, ventral view.
Ap. posterior dorsal aorta.

Aa, anterior dorsal aorta.

Car, right carotid.

Cal, left carotid.

ef. br, efferent branchial artery.

rv, ring vessel of gill passage.

S, sinus venosus.

A, auricle.

V, ventricle.

Av, ventral aorta.

afb, afferent branchial artery.

z, body on ‘‘ductus Botalli.”

g, gill pouch.

gpe, external gill passage,

oed, oesophago-cutaneous duct.

the fact that even in the 13-gilled forms, we have to do with
a reduction rather than an zucrease in the primitive number of
gills. The embryological development, according to Price
(Some Points in the Development of a Myxinoid. Verhl. der
Anat. Ges., 1896), renders this conclusion certain. A large

26

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 39

number of gill pouches (possibly thirty-five pairs) arise during
the course of development. Of these, only the posterior
IO-I4 pairs remain to form the permanent gills of the adult.

The distribution of branchial vessels, one to each gill cleft
(gill pouch), is a character in which the Myxinoids differ
from all other Vertebrates. Even in Petromyzon, each
afferent and efferent vessel is distributed to the hemibranch
of two different pouches, the gill arteries corresponding to g7//-
arches rather than g7z// clefts. It is probable that the Myx-
enoid condition is not primitive, although the embryological
development is not known. A probable explanation of the
manner in which this unique condition has been derived
from the primitive arrangement is suggested by an examina-
tion of the efferent branchial vessels and their connections in
Bdellostoma forsteri (see text figure D.) Here we find, usually,
two efferent branchial vessels (ef, br) arising from the ring
vessel (rv) which surrounds the gill passage on the wall of
the gill pouch. These efferent vessels unite with the lateral
carotid vessels, and with the dorsal aorta by anastomoses.
This is an interesting intermediate stage between the arrange-
ment of the vessels in Bdellostoma dombeyi (see Plate III, Fig.
XX), and the ordinary vertebrate type. Referring again to
text figure D, suppose, for example, we take afferent vessels
from gill 3. If we fuse the two vessels together (which is
_ almost accomplished in the sixth gill, right side), or obliterate
one of them, we get ove efferent vessel for each gill, as in gills
4, 5, and 6, left side. This is the condition in a// the gills of
Bdellostoma dombeyi. But if we break the connection at k,
gill 3, and k’, gill 2, and at the same time connect the artery
between them with the dorsal aorta by a vessel, h (dotted
outline), this vessel, h, would be an efferent branchial artery
of the wswal vertebrate type. It would receive the blood from
the posterior hemi-branch of gill 2, and the anterior hemi-
branch of gill 3. I have no doubt that this very relation
would be found as a variation, if a large number of specimens
of Bdellostoma forstert were examined.

A consideration of the extreme variability of the blood
vessels in Bdel/ostoma renders this explanation all the more
probable. To give a more adequate idea of the nature and
extent of variation, I have made diagrams to show the rela-

27

4o Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

tion between the efferent branchials, carotids, and dorsal
aorta, as I found it, in five specimens of Bdel/lostoma TOS
taken entirely at random.

The variations apparently have no constant relation to the
size or sex of the specimen. ‘The number of efferent vessels,
of course, varies with the number of gills.

F, G, H, I, J. Diagrams of the efferent branchial arteries and their connections
(dorsal view) in Bdellostoma dombeyi. Lettering same as in plate figures (q. v.)

As a result of his studies of the blood vessels of Chlamydo-
selachus, Dr. Ayers (Morphology of the Carotids, Bul.
Museum. Comp. Zool., Harvard. Vol. XVII, No. 5, p. 211),
reaches the following conclusion: ‘It is likewise obvious
that the carotid vessels cannot strictly be said to arise from,
or constitute the remains of, any particular pair of aortic
arches, but represents all that is left of the commissural
trunk from the most anterior arch of the ancestral form to
the most anterior arch of any existing form.’’ Bdellostoma

and the Myxinoid type would seem to indicate rather the |.

origin of the carotid arteries from a longitudinal trunk con-
necting a// the efferent branchial vessels on each side.

I have not as yet been able to work out fully the distribu-
tion and homologies of the blood vessels in the head region.
This problem, on account of its diffictilty and importance, is
reserved for a special paper. I may mention, however, that

28

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 4

the extension forward of the sub-chordal dorsal aorta into the
head region as the wertebralis tmpar (vertebralis impar capitis,
of Miiller; cranial aorta, of Ayers) is probably a primitive
character. This vessel occurs in Chlamydoselachus, as well
as the Cyclostomata.

Miiller describes a vein in Bdellostoma forsteri which runs
from the right pronephros to the posterior cardinal. Only
once have I found a similar vessel in Bdellostoma dombeyi.
The vein which he describes from the intestine to the common
posterior cardinal is also apparently lacking in Bdellostoma
dombeyi.

In Petromyzon, as in most Vertebrates, but unlike Bdello-
stoma, the genital veins open into the posterior cardinals
instead of the supra-intestinal vein. "The difference in size
between the right and left posterior cardinals is only one
example of the great asymmetry of the venous system which
is so characteristic of Bdellostoma.

The sub-intestinal vein* is the homologue of the large
ventral vein in Amphioxus, and the embryonic sub-intes-
tinal vein of higher vertebrates. Judging from the develop-
ment of Petromyzon (Goette, Entwickelungsgeschichte des
Flussneunauges) and other forms, the sub-intestinal vein at
first probably supplied the entire intestine, and was continued
posteriorly into the caudal vein. The connection of the
caudal vein with the posterior cardinals is very probably
here, as elsewhere, a secondary arrangement. The reduction
in the size and extent of the sub-intestinal vein is correlated
with the development of the supra-intestinal vein. It is
interesting to note that in Bdellostoma the sub-intestinal vein
does not break up into capillaries in the liver to form a portal
system, although it runs over the surface of, and even ¢hrough
the liver tissue. This is evidently an extremely primitive
character, for the same relation is found in the early emdéry-
onic development of the same vessel in Petromyzon (Goette,
loc. cit.), and all higher Vertebrates. According to Willey
(“Amphioxus and the Ancestry of the Vertebrates’’) it is
yet doubtful whether the sub-intestinal vein in Amphioxus
forms a ¢rue capillary portal system, or merely passes through

*It is a remarkable fact that the presence of this vein in Bdellostoma has appar-
ently been overlooked heretofore by all observers, including Johannes Miller.

29

42 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

a system of small sinuses owtstde the liver proper. In all
Vertebrates above Bdellostoma (including Petromyzon), the
sub-intestinal vein in the adult forms a part of the portal
system.

The inferior jugular vein when median and wnpaired, as in
Petromyzon and some of the higher fishes, always empties
into the sinus venosus. When faired, as in other fishes, it
empties into the ductus Cuvieri on each side. Miiller recog-
nized that the posterior end of the right anterior cardinal
represented the inferior jugular of other forms, but did not
describe it as such. According to him (Vergl. Anat. der
Myxinoiden, p. 209), the inferior jugular always originates in
the hyoid arch and the under side of the operculums. It
also commonly receives branches from the muscles of the
pharynx, vere branchiales inferiores and vene nutritie of the
gill arches. Its origin in Myxinoids is dorsal to the ventral
aorta, but its course is ventral toit. Thelarge ‘‘club-muscle,”
therefore, has a double venous supply. ‘The ‘‘ retractor” por-
tion is supplied by the inferior jugular vein; the ‘‘ com-
pressor”’ portion by the lateral anterior cardinals (jugulars).

The anterior cardinals (or jugulars) of Bdellostoma agree
in all essential respects with those in other fishes, excepting
the posterior end of the right cardinal. From the probable
ancestral form, as represented in Elasmobranchs (viz., sym-
metrical cardinals, anterior and posterior, flowing into right
and left ductus Cuvieri on each side) the present arrangement
in Bdellostoma may easily have arose as follows: 1. An
anastomosis was formed between the right anterior cardinal
and the inferior jugular, near the posterior end of the “ club-
muscle;” 2. An anastomosis of the posterior end of the
anterior cardinal with the portal system; 3. An obliteration
of the primitive anterior cardinal vessel just behind each of
these anastomoses. Furthermore, by a union of the anterior
ends of the posterior common cardinals, the blood was
diverted from the ~zgh¢ into the left ductus Cuvieri, and the
right ductus disappeared entirely. The embryology of the
cardinal veins, when worked out, will decide whether this is
the true explanation of the present condition in Bdellostoma.

In no other fishes does the blood from the walls of the
anterior body region pass into the portal system. It is said

30

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 43

to occur in some Testudinata and Amphibia, however. The
portal system of Bdellostoma is also remarkable in being
developed chiefly from the supra-intestinal vein, and in
having no connection whatever with the sub-intestinal vein.

A well developed portal heart, contractile and supplied
with a complete system of valves, so far as I know, occurs
nowhere else among Vertebrates (excepting the closely
related Myxine?). Contractile veins, however, are not
uncommon.

I may sum up my conclusions in regard to the Comparative
Anatomy as follows:

PRIMITIVE CHARACTERS IN THE BLOOD- VASCULAR
SYSTEM OF BDELLOSTOMA.

1. Persistent pericardio-peritoneal foramen.

2. The simple tubular heart.

3. The large number (up to 14) of functional branchial
vessels.

4. The origin of the carotid arteries from a lateral com-
missural vessel on each side connecting all the efferent
branchial arteries.

5. The complete sub-chordal aorta (dorsal aorta) extend-
ing forward into the head region.

6. Segmental arrangement of the somatic and renal
arteries and veins.

7. Frequent anastomosis between the posterior cardinal
veins.

8. Persistent sub-intestinal vein which does not join the
portal system.

g. The presence of an inferior jugular vein.

10. The contractility of the portal heart.

CHARACTERS SECONDARILY ACQUIRED.

1. The asymmetry of the venous system.

2. Distribution of branchial vessels to gill slits instead of
gill arches.

3. The extension of the portal system into the territory of
the right anterior cardinal vein.

31

44

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

4. The connection of the caudal vein with the posterior
cardinals.
5. The presence of a well developed valvular portal heart.

. auricle.

alimentary canal.

. ventral aorta.

. anterior dorsal aorta.

. posterior dorsal aorta.

. bulbus aorte.

. right common carotid.

. left common carotid.

. portal heart.

. intestine.

. liver.

. anterior lobe of the liver.
. posterior lobe of the liver.
. mesentery.

sinus venosus.

. lobules of testis.
. ventricle.

. anterior hepatic artery.
. left anterior cardinal vein.
. right

anterior cardinal

vein.

. auriculo-ventricular

valves.

. aortic valves.

afferent branchial arteries.

. anterior portal vein.

. cystic vein.

. ‘*club-muscle.’’

- ‘‘club-muscle’’ branches.
. capillary network.
. connecting vessel.
. anterior branch

of the
common portal.

. posterior branch of the

common portal.

. coeliac artery.

. caudal vessel.

. common portal vein.
. dermal branches.

dca,
ep,

Cf. OF
ext. car,
Len,
iO, e
Pe,
St,
EP, -
8

ha, .
pre:

Z,

CG:
int. Car,
IY,

lbr,
mC,
mur, .
mn,
mw,

my,
mes,
ntc,

EXPLANATION OF LETTERING USED IN FIGURES.

deep anterior cardinal.

epithelium of the gill
cavity.

efferent branchial artery.

external carotid artery.

. genital branches.

. gall cyst.

. external gill passage.

. internal gill passage.

. Cavity of the gill pouch.

. gill pouch.

. anterior hepatic vein.

. posterior hepatic vein.

. inner (visceral) layer of

the pericardium.
‘intercostal ’’ vessel.
internal carotid artery.

. inferior jugular vein.
. lateral branch.

mesocardium.

. right mesonephros.
. left mesonephros.

.muscular wall of gill
pouch.

- myotomes.

. mesenteric arteries.

. notochord.

. outer (parietal) layer of

the pericardium.

. oesophago-cutaneous duct
. right posterior cardinal

vein.
left posterior cardinal vein

. common posteriorcardinal
. pharyngeal branches.

right pronephros.

. left pronephros.
. peritoneal cavity.
. pericardio-peritoneal fora-

men,

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 4

Wn

peu, . . pericardial cavity. supr.int, supra-intestinal vein.
pha, . . posterior hepatic artery. sn, . . . “intercostal” nerve.
roc, . .red blood corpuscles. sgl, . .slime glands.
r, . . .renal branches. sav, . . sinu-auricular valves.
SPC, spinal cord. ty . somatic vessels.
sub. int, sub-intestinal vein. vu, . . . valves of portal heart.
scd, . .superficial anterior car- ug,..- vagus nerve.

dinal. ca . . §*ductus Botalli,”

In figures IV, V, VI, red line indicates peritoneum; in all
other figures—red, arteries; blue, veins; green, portal vessels.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I includes Figures I-IX.

Plate II includes Figures X-XVI.

Plate III includes Figures X VII-XX.

FiIcurE I.— Heart of Adellostoma dombeyi (Xt). Dorsal view.

A, auricle. V, ventricle. S, sinus venosus. BA, bulbus aorte. jv,
inferior jugular vein. acl, left anterior cardinal. pec, posterior com-
mon cardinal. ha, anterior hepatic vein. hp, posterior hepatic vein.

FIGURE I].—Heart of Adellostoma dombeyt (1). Ventral view.
Lettering same as in Fig. I.

FIGURE III.— Heart of Adellostoma dombeyi (2). Showing a dor-
sal view of the ventral half of the auricle and ventricle, the dorsal half
having been removed by a horizontal section.

sav, sinu-auricular valves. avv, auriculo-ventricular valves. av, aorta
valves. Otherwise as in Fig. I.

FIGURE IV.— Diagram of cross section passing through the mid-
abdominal region of Bdel/ostoma.

M, mesentery. A, alimentary canal. ptc, peritoneal cavity.

FIGURE V.— Diagram of cross section passing through the posterior
lobe of the liver in Bdellostoma.

I, liver.

FIGURE VI.— Diagram of cross section passing through the ventricle
and anterior lobe of the liver. Showing the relation of the pericardial
cavity to the general peritoneal cavity.

pef, pericardio-peritoneal foramen. pcv, pericardial cavity. 0, outer
or parietal layer of the pericardium. i, inner, or visceral pericardial
layer. me, mesocardium. V, ventricle. Dotted line, pericardium,

FIGURE VII.— Testis of Bdellostoma dombeyi (2), showing the
arterial supply. The genital fold lies on the right side of the mesentery.

wS, mesenteric artery. qs, genital branches. T, lobules of testis.
Ap, posterior dorsal aorta.

FIGURES VIII AND XIV.— Highly magnified portions of the smallest
branches of a gill leaflet (450).

cap, capillary wall. ep, epithelium lining gill cavity. rbc, red blood
corpusles. con, connective tissue.

33

46 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

FIGURE IX.— Cross section of an injected gill pouch of Adellostoma
(<8). Taken perpendicular to the gill axis, about at the center.

Camera lucida outline.

mw, muscular wall of gill pouch. gp, cavity of gill, into which gill
leaflets project.

FIGURE X.— Branchial region of Sdellostoma dombeyit (1%).
Ventral view. Body wall opened by a median longitudinal incision, and
the lateral flaps folded back. Anterior lobe of the liver removed to
expose heart. Arteries colored red. Veins blue.

Avy, ventral aorta. af. br, afferent branchial arteries. x, on last affer-
ent branchial artery indicates position of ‘‘ductus Botalli.’’ ic, ‘‘inter-
costals’’ (arteries red, veins blue). S, Sinus venosus. jv, inferior jugular
vein. acl, left anterior cardinal vein. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein.
A, auricle. V, Ventricle. H, portal heart. Lp, posterior lobe of liver.
gb, gall bladder. mnr, mnl, right and left mesonephros. pnr, pnl,
right and left pronephros. pef, pericardio-peritoneal foramen (dotted
outline). sgl, slime glands. ocd, oesophago-cutaneous duct. cm,
‘“‘club-muscle.’’ _gpe, spe, external gill passages.

FIGURE XI.— Lateral view of the viscera of Bdellostoma dombeyi left
side, including ventral view of the left half of the body wall, which has
been laid back (<1).

-cpa, anterior branch of common portal vein. cpp, posterior branch of
common portal vein. Jv, inferior jugular vein. acl, left anterior cardi-
nal. ha, hp, anterior and posterior hepatic veins. cpa, cpp, anterior
and posterior branches of common portal vein. ocl, left posterior cardi-
nal. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. sub. int, sub-intestinal vein. La,
Lp, anterior and posterior lobes of the liver. .pnl, left pronephros. mn,
left mesonephros. ic, ‘‘intercostal’’ vessels. Otherwise as previously.

FIGURE XII.— Mid abdominal region of Bdellostoma dombeyt, show-
ing ventral view of the left side of the body wall, and a lateral view of
the intestine and mesentery. The latter have been laid over upon the
right side of the body wall, and the mesentery stretched out (2).

r, renal branches. s, somatic branches (red, arteries; blue, veins).
pel, per, posterior cardinal veins, left and right. mes, mesenteric
arteries. vg, vagus nerve. sn, ‘‘intercostal’’ nerve. Otherwise as
previously. ;

FIGURE XIII.— Diagram of one half of a section through the gill
pouch of &dellostoma, parallel with the axis of the gill. Afferent ves-
sels red. Efferent vessels blue.

af. br, afferent branchial vessel. ef. br, efferent branchial. cap,
capillary network.

FIGURE XIV.—See Fig. VIII.

FIGURE XV.— Diagram of a cross section through the body of 2de//o-
stoma, just behind the liver.

ntc, notochord. spc, spinal cord. s, somatic branches. ic, ‘‘ inter-
costals.’’ d, dermal branches. my, myotomes. Otherwise as previously.

34

Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Aq

FIGURE XVI.—A ventral view of the dorsal wall of the portal heart of
Bdellostoma dombeyt, the ventral half having been cut away. (X2.)

ap, anterior portal vein. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. cp, com-
mon portal vein. vv, valves.

FIGURE XVII.— Diagram of the venous system of Ade/lostoma, dorsal
view (approximately natural size). Portal system, green; general sys-
tem blue. On the right side, the renal branches of the posterior cardinal
are omitted. On the left side, the somatic branches are omitted.

acr, acl, right and left anterior cardinals (or jugulars). ded, scd, deep
and superficial branches of anterior cardinals. s, somatic veins. ph,
pharyngeal branches. clb, ‘‘club-muscle’’ branches. jv, inferior jugu-
lar vein. S, sinus venosus. pnl, pnr, left and right pronephros. pcc,
posterior common cardinal. per, pel, right and left posterior cardinals.
ha, hp, anterior and posterior hepatic veins. caud, caudal vein. ap,
anterior portal vein. cp, common portal vein. gb, gall bladder. sub.
int, sub-intestinal vein. gen, genital veins.

FIGURE XVIII.— Diagram of entire circulatory system in 4de//ostoma
lateral view (approximately natural size). Arterial system, red; general
venous system, blue; portal system, green.

Lettering same as Figs. XVII and XX.

FIGURE XIX.— Lateral view of the viscera of the pharyngeal and
cardiac regions, including ventral view of the right side of the body
wall (1%). In this figure the viscera have been laid over upon the
left side, in order to show the relation of the blood vessels to the body
wall. As a result, the somatic branches of the anterior portal and
dorsal aorta in the branchial region are stretched somewhat beyond
their normal length.

Aa, anterior dorsal aorta. Ap, posterior dorsal aorta. Car, right
common carotid. pb, pharyngeal branches. ap, anterior portal vein.
ic, intercostals. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. cv, cystic vein. sub.
int, sub-intestinal vein. pcr, right posterior cardinal... ef. br, efferent
branchial vessels. clb, ‘‘ club-muscle’’ branches.

Otherwise as previously.

FIGURE XX.— Diagram of the arterial system of Adellostoma dombeyt
dorsal view (approximately natural size). The afferent branchial system
is omitted. Of the branches of the posterior dorsal aorta, on the right
side, the renal branches are omitted. The genital branches should be
represented on the right side.

V, vertebralis impar. Ilbr, lateral branch. ext. car, int. car, external
and internal carotid arteries. s, somatic arteries. Car, Cal, right and
left common carotid arteries. ef. br, efferent branchials. con. v. con-
necting vessels. coel, coeliac artery. caud, caudal artery. ren, renal
branches. mes, mesenteric arteries.

(o)
On

CONTENTS

PAGE OF PAGE OF

ee THIS THIS
. VOLUME. ARTICLE.
Introductory Remarks. 0 gaimom-sncteiaegs ira chee 13 I
FRC Ar sc) claret ace ata Re ates Ce eee emi Be oat, 13 I
Pericardial Cavity) in sce Bea eyo Deer = 16 4
Agterial System; cay or 3 jo lb.) eee ik ISA fa Soh eets 20 8
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Generale Ven oltsss yScte thers yt rei ennai a 28 16
Portals Venous SySteltine. is eck es) ae “ENO - 33 21
Remarks on Comparative Anatomy of Bdellostoma, 35 23
Primitive Characters in the Blood-Vascular System
OL BACLOSTOMEGISE PR on ae ne ee 43 31
Characters Secondanly Acguired,. (3). 2-2. 272 43 31
Explanation of Lettering used in Figures, .. . . 44 32
Hxplatationlof lates satus SE se ees 45 33

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The Geology of Cincinnatt. 49

ARTICLE Ul.—THE GEOLOGY OF CINCINNATI.
By J. M. NICKLES.
i, LOPOGRAPELY..

The name chosen for the hamlet, settled in 1788, which has
become the city of Cincinnati, suggests the reason for its
location — Losantiville, L [icking] + os, mouth, + anti, oppo-
site, + ville — the village opposite the mouth of the Licking.
The comparatively level tract of land, safely above the flood
waters of the Ohio, rendered easy the growth from hamlet to
city. Opposite the mouth of the Licking, it stood at the
gateway to the northern part of the fertile blue-grass region
of Kentucky, at a time when river navigation was the best
available mode of transportation. An equally fertile region
lay to the north, to which the broad valley of the Millcreek
furnished a natural outlet when the locomotive replaced the
canoe and flatboat.

This level tract, roughly circular in outline, of an average
diameter of three miles, is bounded on three sides by a belt
of hills, so-called. On the south the Ohio River separates it
from a similar, somewhat smaller, tract lying to the south-
east, which is also bordered on three sides by a belt of hills.
The two tracts together form a quadrangular area, extending
northwest and southeast. The area is really a somewhat
basin-shaped depression in a generally rolling country. The
so-called hills are the escarpments of the higher land fringing
upon the basin. The Kentucky part of the basin is inter-
sected by the Licking River traversing it from the south,
dividing it into two parts, now occupied by the cities of New-
port and Covington.

Some of the peculiarities of the topography of Cincinnati
and vicinity early attracted attention. It was observed that
the valley of the Little Miami River for several miles above
its confluence with the Ohio is wider than that of the Ohio
from this point down; for many miles below the mouth of
the Millcreek, the valley of the Ohio is very narrow, scarcely
more than a trough; the valley of the Licking is quite wide
for several miles up from its mouth; the valley of the Mill-

Jour. Cin. Soc. NAT. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 2. PRINTED JANUARY Io, 1902.

50 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

creek, extending north for several miles, then northeast and
again north, seems altogether too wide for the insignificant
stream now flowing through it; from the valley of the Little
Miami, between Red Bank and Plainville, a’ broad belt of
depressed land extends northwestwardly until it enters the
Millcreek valley, near St. Bernard or Ludlow Grove.

The second geological survey of Ohio, 1869-1875, began
the work of accumulating the data to explain this topography.
Attention was called to the broad valley of the Millcreek
extending from Hamilton to Clifton, there dividing, the
westerly branch still occupied by the Millcreek, the other
extending east and southeast to the Little Miami valley, and
it was thought that the Big Miami may have taken this course
to reach the Ohio.* The depth to the solid rock in the Mill-
creek valley as shown bya well in Cumminsville,f 151 feet
below the surface, or 60 feet below low-water mark of the
Ohio River is noted, and its bearing upon elevational move-
ments commented upon.

The first connected attempt to explain the peculiarities of
Cincinnati’s topography was a paper by Prof. Joseph F.
James.{ He considered that a barrier extended across the
Ohio from the Kentucky shore to the south end of the range
of hills west of the Millcreek, evidence of the barrier being
found in the beds exposed in the bank of the Ohio near Lud-
low and in McCullum’s Riffle, a conspicuous bar in low water
a few miles below the city; that. the Ohio divided into two
branches, one flowing northwest from the Little Miami valley
between Red Bank and Plainville, the other south of and
around the “Cincinnati Island,” the higher land now occu-
pied by the suburbs, Walnut Hills, Avondale, and Clifton, the
two branches uniting near Ludlow Grove, thence together
flowing to Hamilton, thence southwest through the valley of
the Big Miami; the blocking of this northward channel in
glacial times compelled the Ohio to cut across the barrier at
Sedamsville.

*Orton, Edward. Geol. Ohio, I, p. 420.

fIbid., p. 433.
{The Geology of Cincinnati. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, 1886, pp. 20-31,
136-141.

The Geology of Cincinnati. 51

Within the past few years the researches of glacialists have
shown that the present drainage system of the northern half
of the Ohio drainage basin is very different from what it was
before the advent of the Ice Age. The earlier drainage was

COLS
N s
ANCIENT CHANNELS --~~~ ! pee
ARROWS POINT WIT! | Ag
PRE-GLACIAL LOW. , i
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IM LAS fe =e
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LAWRENCEBURG oe Spd BX .

MAYSVILLE

J.M.M. Dol 9 FRANKFORT

shaped by the sequence of geological events in paleozoic
ages. This natural drainage, so to speak, was reformed by
the advance of the ice sheet from the north, carrying with it
a vast mass of debris from the lands corroded by it. The ice
sheet and its debris, damming up ancient channels, backed
the rivers up into lakes until the latter, breaking over the
lower parts or cols of the bounding ridges, fashioned for the
rivers new channels. The pre-glacial drainage of southwest-
ern Ohio has been specially investigated by Mr. Gerard
Fowke.* He considers that a col extended from the high-

*Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., XI, 1899, pp. I-10; Ohio State Acad. Sci., Special
Papers, No. 3. 1900, pp. 68-75.

ies)

52 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

land east of Newport and Bellevue, Kentucky, north to East
Walnut Hills, by which the waters of Old Limestone, which
has furnished part of the course of the modern Ohio, were
deflected north through the lower part of the valley of the
Little Miami, which explains the great width of that valley.
At Red Bank this ancient stream turned northwest and
through the valley of the Millcreek found its way to Hamil-
ton, Ohio, and thence to the great pre-glacial river, which has
been named the Great Kanawha. At Hamilton this river
was joined by the Kentucky River which flowed northeast-
ward from its present point of confluence with the Ohio
through what is now part of the Ohio’s course and then
northwardly.and eastwardly. The Licking River, flowing
northwardly through the lower part of the Millcreek valley,
joined Old Limestone at Ludlow Grove. Among the changes
made during or at the close of the Ice Age was the breaking
down of the cols at East Walnut Hills and Sedamsville, thus
giving the Ohio its present course.

2: GHOLOGY:
2. ATISTORICAT:

At the time of its first settlement, the’slopes of the “hills”
about the city were clad in green and generally wooded. The
ravines here and there laid bare the strata which form the
framework of the hills. As the settlement grew quarries
were opened in the slopes. Thus the region surrounding
Cincinnati early became noted as affording very fine exposures
of Lower Silurian strata, which yielded a very large number
in great variety of finely preserved fossils.

In the year 1836 a geological survey of the State of Ohio
was organized, but after two annual reports its work was
brought to an untimely end by the financial troubles of 1837.
The southwestern part of the State was entrusted to Dr.
John Locke. In the second annual report* he gave a brief
account of the ‘“‘ Blue Limestone,” as the formation in the
southwestern corner of Ohio was called, and the overlying
“Cliff Limestone.” Plate 2, facing p. 210, gives a section

* Second Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. State of Ohio, Columbus, 1838, pp. 205-211.

4

The Geology of Cincinnati. 53

from “‘ Keys’s Hill” across the Ohio River to ‘“‘ Botany Hill”
in Kentucky. It isinteresting to note that the main divisions
of the Cincinnati strata are well indicated. The Blue Lime-
stone was considered to have a thickness of at least 1,coo feet.
The general arrangement of the strata of Ohio was fairly
well understood, and the Cincinnati uplift as the axis upon
whose slopes later formations were successively laid down was
well made out.

As early as 1829 the Blue Limestone was correlated by
Lardner Vanuxem* with the rocks occurring at Trenton
Falls, New York, from their fossil contents. This determina-
tion was generally accepted for many years.

In the following decade the magnificent work of the New
York Geological Survey, by making known and naming the
successive Paleozoic formations of the State of New York,
laid the groundwork for American geological science. Two
questions the survey left unsettled; one produced the cele-
brated Taconic controversy, the other was the real meaning
and scope of the term Hudson River group. Dr. W. W.
Mather,{ in charge of the First Geological District, proposed
the name Hudson River slate group, which he afterward{
amended to Hudson River group, for the lowest rocks in his
district, exposed along the Hudson River. The rocks were
generally unfossiliferous, and more or less altered after their
deposition. The term, while accepted by the Geological
Board of the State, seems not to have received entire approval
or been clearly understood. Emmons§ continued to use the
term Lorraine Shales for a formation, finely shown in the
gorges of Jefferson County, New York, occupying supposedly
the same geological horizon.

Gradually doubt arose as to Vanuxem’s correlation of the
Blue Limestone with the Trenton of New York. Prof.
James Hall,|| in 1842, considered a green shale occurring at
Newport, Kentucky, equivalent to the Utica shale of New
York, and the rock below it, seen only during low water in

* Amer. Jour. Sci., XVI, 1829, p. 256.

+ Fourth Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey New York, 1840, p. 212.

{ Geol. New York, Geol. First Geol. District, 1843, p. 367.

2 Geol. New York, Part II, Second Geol. District, 1842, p. 119.
| Amer. Jour. Sci., XLII, 1842, p. 61.

54 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

the Ohio River, as probably the equivalent of the Trenton.
This early correct determination seems to have been lost
sight of or disbelieved. A year later Prof. Hall* referred the
main mass of strata occurring at Cincinnati to the Hudson
River group. Some years later, 1862, Prof. Hall,t influenced
by the studies of Sir William Logan, of the Canadian Geo-
logical survey, concluded that the strata in the valley of the
Hudson referred to the Hudson River group were older
geologically than those referred to the same group farther
west in New York and in the Mississippi valley and proposed
to drop the term. But in 1877{ he concluded that he had
been in error in dropping the term.

In 1865 Meek and Worthen,§ then at work upon the
geology of. Illinois, influenced by Hall’s discarding the term
Hudson River group and the uncertainty prevailing as to
just what this term stood for, proposed the term ‘‘Cincinnati
group” for the blue limestone strata of Cincinnati and
vicinity and their equivalents elsewhere.

The second geological survey of Ohio began in 1869 a
thorough examination of the geological structure of the State.
The term “Cincinnati group” was adopted for the “Blue
Limestone series” of the first survey. Partly for the reasons
given by Meek and Worthen, but more especially because he
considered that the blue limestone formed a homogeneous
and indivisible whole in which there was a hopeless and
inextricable confusion of Hudson and Trenton species, Dr.
-J. S. Newberry,|| the chief of the survey, felt constrained to
adopt their name. But as to this intermingling of Hudson
and Trenton fossils, Dr. Newberry was mistaken; this sup-
posed intermingling is due to the faulty identification of fos-
sils incident to a time when paleontological science had not
reached its present refinement and exactness.

This conclusion of the geological survey seems not to have
been acceptable in all quarters. While Mr. S. A. Miller at

* Trans. Amer. Assoc. Geol. and Nat., 1843, pp. 267-293.

+ Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, I, 1862, p. 47 (foot note) and p. 443.

t Note upon the history and value of the term Hudson River group in American
geological nomenclature. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XXVI, 1877, pp. 259-265.

Zz Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1865, p. 155, and Geol. Illinois, I, 1866, p. 136.

| Geol. Surv. Ohio, I, 1873, p. 117.

6

The Geology of Cincinnati. 55

first* seems to have accepted the name, he later** calls it a
synonym for the Hudson River group. In 1879 a committee
of ten of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, with Mr.
Miller as chairman, submitted to that body a report in which
it was held that the strata in the river bank in the First Ward
of Cincinnati (Fulton) and those in Taylor’s Creek, east of
Newport, containing 77zarthrus becki are to be considered of
Utica age; all strata above these indicate the Hudson River
group of New York.

This summary rejection of the name Cincinnati group did
not have the indorsement of all the Cincinnati geologists ;
Mr. U. P. Jamestf objected to thus summarily disposing of a
valid and well-established name. As pointed out by Mr.
Joseph F. James, some of the members of the committee
continued to use the term ‘‘ Cincinnati group.”’

At a later date, 1888, Dr. Orton, {ft then State Geologist, pro-
posed to discontinue the use of the term Cincinnati group.
The three hundred feet of shale, disclosed by drilling at
Findlay, Ohio, as overlying the Trenton, which he identified
as the equivalent of the Utica shale of New York, led him to
adopt the term Hudson River group for the shales overlying
these three hundred feet of Utica shales.

In an admirable review of the Hudson River question in
the light of his own investigations, Mr. Charles D. Walcott$
favored retaining the term Hudson (dropping the “‘River’’) for
the series of strata between the Trenton limestone and the
superjacent Upper Silurian rocks, Hudson being made the
name of the terrane to include the Hudson River shales and
grits, Utica shales, Frankfort shales, Lorraine shale and sand-
stone, Salmon River sandstone and shale, Cincinnati shale
and limestone, Nashville shale, and Maquoketa shale.

The question of the name may now be considered to have
been practically quieted. Winchell and Ulrichl| in their cor-

* Cincinnati Quar. Jour. Sci., I, 1874, pp. 63-4.

** Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1881, p. 268.
+ Ibid., I, 1879, pp. 193-4.

++ The Paleontologist, No. 4, 1879, pp. 27, 28.

{ Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, p, 98.
tt Geol. Surv. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 9.

2 Bull. Geol. Soc. America, I, 1890, pp. 335-356.

|| Geol. Minnesota, III, Part II, 1897, p. ci.

7

56 Cincinnati Society of Natural FTistory.

relation of Lower Silurian strata use the title ‘‘The Hudson
River or Cincinnati Period,” but express their preference for
the second term, the other having been placed first because
used in previous volumes issued by the Minnesota survey.
Clarke and Schuchert,* in giving a revised nomenclature of
the New York series of geological formations, use the term
Cincinnatian — with the divisions Utica, Lorraine and Rich-
mond (Ohio and Indiana)— omitting the term Hudson River
altogether. Rudolf Ruedemany has shown by an exhaustive
study of the Hudson River beds near Albany, New York, that
a fault, not hitherto detected, separates the strata of the Hud-
son River valley from those of the Mohawk valley, and that
the fauna of the Hudson River beds, mainly graptolites,
proves to belong to a terrane low in the Trenton, hence the
name Hudson River is a misnomer

SUBDIVISIONS.
1. River Quarry Beds — (Point Pleasant Beds.)

The Cincinnati anticline, or as Prof. Orton has since wisely
renamed it, the Cincinnati uplift, is exhaustively treated by
Dr. J. S. Newberry in volume I, pp. 93-111, of the Reports
of the Ohio Geological Survey, to which the reader is referred
for full particulars.

In the division of work of the second geological survey of
Ohio Prof. Edward Orton was assigned the geology of the
southwestern part of the State. In his report he divides
the Cincinnati group into the Point Pleasant beds, exposed
in the north bank of the Ohio River in Clermont County,
about twenty-five miles east of Cincinnati, to which he
assigned a thickness of fifty feet; the Cincinnati beds proper,
extending from low-water mark of the Ohio River to the
highest stratum tound in the Cincinnati hills, comprising 450
feet; and the Lebanon division, embracing about 300 feet of
strata, lying between the highest stratum of the Cincinnati
hills and the lowermost beds of unmistakable Upper Silurian
age. The Cincinnati beds proper he divided into the river

* Scie1ce, n. s., X, 1899, pp. 874-878.

+ Bull. New York State Mus., VIII, No. 42, 1900, pp. 564-568.
{ Geol. Surv. Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 365-449.

8

The Geology of Cincinnati. 57

quarry beds, fifty feet thick; the middle or Eden shales, 250
feet thick; and the Hill quarry beds, 150 feet thick.

This division was criticised by Mr. S. A. Miller,* who could
not see that the Point Pleasant beds were any different from
Cincinnati beds, though probably somewhat lower, and that
the divisions of the Cincinnati beds proper were useless, and
with no facts to warrant any such division. The committee
of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History on nomencla-
ture** reported that the Trenton is not exposed at Cincinnati,
nor at any point west of the city, ‘“‘but we think it may be
represented in the banks of the Ohio River a few miles east
of the city.”

Thus the age of the Point Pleasant beds proved a matter
of dispute. Mr. W. M. Linney,t of the Kentucky Geological
Survey, thought the Trenton included ‘doubtless, the build-
ing stones quarried at Point Pleasant, on the Ohio River
above Cincinnati.’’ In a paper on the correlation of the
Lower Silurian horizons, Mr. EK. O. Ulricht} seems to have re.
garded the Point Pleasant beds as of the same age as the strata
outcropping in the river bank in West Covington, which he
includes in his ‘‘ Beds XI;” earlier in the same paper{ these
beds are referred to ‘“‘ Beds X”’ which are exposed at Lexing-
ton, Kentucky. Throughout this paper, which was left
unfinished, the author studiously avoids indicating the age of
the various beds, no doubt intending to give this in the later
discussion.

In Volume VI of the Reports of the Ohio Geological Survey,
dealing mainly with petroleum and natural gas, and the
geological facts brought to light by the drill, the Point Plea-
sant beds are recognized for the first time by the survey as
Trenton.§ The equivalent strata|| at Cincinnati were con-
sidered to be 300 feet below the surface. How sucha dip in
twenty odd miles is made to agree with the almost horizontal

* Cincinnati Enquirer, August 7, 1873.

*** Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1879, pp. 193-4;

+ Notes on the Rocks of Central Kentucky. Geol. Surv. Kentucky, J. R. Proctor,
Director, 1882, p. 6.

+7 Amer. Geologist, I, 1888, p. 307.

t Ibid., p. 18r.

¢Geol. Surv. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 5.

|| Ibid., p. 6.

58 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

character of the strata of the Cincinnati uplift as previously
worked out by Prof. Orton* is not explained.

In 1890 Prof. Joseph F. James studied the Point Pleasant
beds and gave a detailed columnar section.** He reached the
conclusion that the rocks in the river bank from West Cov-
ington to Ludlow are identical with the Point Pleasant beds,
in which conclusion he was correct; and that neither belongs
to the Trenton, in which he was incorrect, as these strata are
unquestionably of Trenton age. In 1897 Winchell and
Ulrich, in their correlation of Silurian horizons,t referred to
the West Covington river beds as belonging to the Trenton

group.
Il. Eden Shales — (Utica Group.)

The earliest identification of Utica at Cincinnati was by
Prof. James Hall in 1842 (see ante p. 53). The Committee‘on
Geological Nomenclature of the Cincinnati Society of Natural
History (see ante p. 55) also considered these strata, at least
the lower part of them, as Utica. Later these strata seem to
have given trouble. Ulrich in his paper on the correlation of
the Lower Silurian Horizons} says: ‘‘Several feet of shales
that are supposed to represent the portion of the section imme-
diately below that mentioned in the preceding paragraph [the
West Covington or Ludlow strata] are exposed under the
bank of the river in the First Ward of Cincinnati.” In
reality these shales overlie the Trenton rocks of West Cov-
ington. This error has caused some of the fossils which
properly belong in column XIb to be placed in column XIa§.
In this same paper Ulrich|| identifies his ‘‘Beds XIb,” to
which he gives a thickness of 225 feet, with the black shales
300 feet thick, immediately overlying the Trenton in the
Findlay wells, which he agreed with Prof. Orton in correlat-
ing with the Utica shale of New York. ‘There can be no
question as to the correctness of this identification.

* Geol. Ohio, I, 1873, p. 412.

** Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, pp. 93-104.
+ Geol. Minnesota, III. Part 11, 1897, p. xeviii.

t American Geologist, I, 1888, p. 309.

7 Amer. Geologist, I, 1888, pp. 183-190. See also p. 312.

|| Ibid., p. 315.

IO

The Geology of Cincinnatt. 59

In Volume VI of the Reports of the Geological Survey of
Ohio, Prof. Orton* shows that the black Utica slate or shale,
300 feet thick under cover at Findlay, gradually thins toward
the south and is finally lost by overlap of the Hudson River
shale, and considers, that if any part of the series exposed at
Cincinnati and vicinity belongs to the Utica, it is the fifty to
too feet of greenish blue shale overlying the Point Pleasant
or Trenton limestone, but thinks that, on the whole, the evi-
dence is against their having been formed contemporaneously
with the black Utica shale of northern Ohio.

Ill. Hill Quarry Beds — (Lorraine Group.)

To that division of the Cincinnati beds proper, that overlies
the Eden or middle shales, Prof. Orton gave the name Hill
Quarry beds with a thickness of 150 feet. The layer at the
top of the highest hills in the city of Cincinnati, which con-
tains the large Orthis (Platystrophia) lynx, and which was
traced into adjoining counties on the east and north, was con-
sidered to mark the boundary between this division and the
next succeeding, to which he gave the name Lebanon beds.

The name Lorraine shales was given by Ebenezer Emmonst
to a series of shales finely exposed in the gorges of Lorraine
and Rodman in Jefferson County, New York, overlying the
Utica slate, and consisting of thin beds of gray sandstone,
alternating with fine argillaceous slates of a greenish color,
even bedded, and in the upper part highly fossiliferous. He
did not correlate it with the Hudson River group.

No attempt was made to apply the name to strata in the
Mississippi valley, until it became quite evident that the term
Hudson River group wasa misnomer. In their correlation of
strata Winchell and Ulrich} propose to use the name Lorraine
group for the 200 feet of strata at Cincinnati overlying the
shale beds which they refer to the Utica.§ The term has also
been used by Mr. Charles Schuchert in his ‘‘ Synopsis of
American Fossil Brachiopoda,|| but he has made it include the
strata to which the term Richmond group is now applied.

* Geol. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 8.

7 Geol. New York, Part II, Survey of the Second Geol. District, 1842, p. 119.
t Geol. Minnesota. ILI, Part II, 1897, p. cii.

2 Ibid., p. cii.

| Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 87, 1897.

et

60 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

IV. Lebanon Beds — (Richmond Group.)

The upper division of the Cincinnati series was named by
Prof. Orton the Lebanon beds, with a thickness of nearly 300
feet. For this name Winchell and Ulrich* have substituted
the name Richmond group, from Richmond, Indiana, where
this division is finely exposed, holding that the name Lebanon
is objectionable, as it was previously applied by Safford to
Tennessee rocks belonging to the Trenton. Another, per-
haps more valid objection, is the fact that all the strata in the
immediate vicinity of Lebanon, Ohio, belong to the Lorraine
group. The Richmond is not present in the New York
system, unless a sandstone formation overlying the Lorraine
shales represents it.

6. STRATIGRAPHY.
THE TRENTON PERIOD AT CINCINNATI.

Point Pleasant Beds.

The principal exposures of these beds in the vicinity of
Cincinnati are the outcrop in the south bank of the Ohio
River, extending from West Covington one mile west to
Ludlow, which presents the most satisfactory exposure for
study; an outcrop at the mouth of the Licking River and
outcrops at various points in its banks for several miles up
that stream; outcrops in the south bank of the Ohio River
in Campbell County, Kentucky, from Fort Thomas up the
river for a number of miles; and in the north bank of the
Ohio in Clermont County, Ohio, particularly in the vicinity
of Point Pleasant.

At Point Pleasant and at several small streams between
Point Pleasant and New Richmond, quarries have been
opened in the Trenton, though at present none are worked.
The Trenton is much thicker here than has been heretofore
reported; the highest stratum of the Trenton is about
130 feet above low-water mark of the Ohio. The lowest 50
or 60 feet are rarely shown, but appear to differ but little
lithologically from the strata higher up, which have been

* Geol. Minnesota, III, Part II, 1897, p. ciii.

12

The Geology of Cincinnati. 61

quarried. From 4o to 50 feet are shown in the quarries,
leaving some 30 feet more before reaching the top of the
Trenton.

An average section of the exposure in West Covington is
as follows:

None Crinoidal layer, 00) 6 (sig ag Absa. a ul = ite:
No. 2. Limestone layers with some shale,. .. . 27 feet.
No. 1. Layers consisting mainly of bluish shale, 17 feet.
Concealed to low-water mark,...... 4 feet.

AG Gall se ee Oe ee eee its 8 we SO Tete

No. 3. This layer marks the top of the Trenton formation
about Cincinnati. Utica shale rests upon its upper surface
with more or less unconformity by erosion. It is composed
of comminuted fragments, mainly of separated joints of
crinoid stems, indiscriminately thrown together and more or
less firmly cemented, the arrangement giving evidence of
current formation and perturbed changing conditions. The
fact that the limestones beneath this layer give place to the
shale above it indicates that a very great change had come in
geographical conditions. This layer, No. 3, contains several
forms restricted to it, most noticeable being the huge
Escharopora ponderosa (Ulrich), and the Dendrocrinus dyert
Meek.

No. 2. This division consists mainly of even-bedded, close-
textured, dove-colored limestones, varying from two to six
inches or somewhat more in thickness. Some of the layers
are semi-crystalline, some so close-textured that all traces
of fossils have disappeared, some are a mass of fossils. This
last is especially true of the ‘‘gastropod layers,” in the lower
part of this division. On the whole fossils are abundant, but
good specimens are not to be easily had. The shale partings
between the limestone layers, varying from one to eight
inches in thickness are usually barren, but are sometimes
very rich in fossils, especially minute ostracoda.

No. 1. These shales are usually bluish and friable, and
commonly entirely destitute of fossils. This shale is a
variable feature; in some places it is much reduced in thick-
ness, then the limestone division is increased in thickness.

13

62 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

About ten feet below the crinoidal layer (No. 3), a ‘wavy
limestone’’ layer makes its appearance. No satisfactory ex-
planation has yet been given of the mode of formation of
these undulated limestones, which occur also in the Utica
and Richmond groups. It is only the upper surface which
is waved.

A large and varied fauna has been made known from these
Trenton beds, but it is the result of many years’ careful
searching by many collectors. The meagre results of a day’s
collecting will no doubt prove disappointing to those visiting
the “low river quarries”’ for the first time. The commonest
and most characteristic fossil is the bryozoan £ridotrypa
briareus (Nicholson). Below is given a list of fossils recorded
as occurring in the Point Pleasant beds.*

CQALENTERATA.
Tetradium fibratum Safford.

ECHINODERMATA.
Dendrocrinus dyeri (Meek). Lichenocrinus pattersoni Miller.
e navigiolus Miller. Merocrinus typus Walcott.

Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and _ Palezaster dubius Miller and Dyer.
Worthen, variety.

*The lists given in this paper are by no means exhaustive. After all the pains-
taking collecting of many years new forms are continually being brought to light.
Harper and Bassler’s Catalogue of the Fossils occurring in the vicinity of Cincinnati,
1896, which gives the ranges of fossils, has been used as a basis in assigning the
fossils to the various subdivisions given in this paper. In revising the lists and
making corrections where needed, the writer has had the generous help of his
friends, Messrs. R. S. Basslerand E. O. Ulrich. The exact horizons at which some
of the rare forms have been found are not known; hence these forms may have been
assigned to wrong beds. Some species that are given as restricted to certain beds
may prove to havea longer range, others may be found to be more restricted than
here indicated.

It is unfortunate that there is at Cincinnati no good representative collection of
her fossils. The fine collections made in earlier years, which can probably never be
duplicated, have been taken away. The magnificent collection of C. B. Dyer, which
contained the choicest gatherings of a number of collectors for a long period of
years, comprising a very large number of the rare forms, some of them unique, is
now the property of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, at Harvard University, in
Cambridge, Massachusetts. ‘The fine collection of I. H. Harris, of Waynesville, Ohio,
which was especially rich in rare Richmond group forms, is now the property of the
U.S. National Museum. The latter institution has also recently come into possession
of the unrivaled collection of E. O. Ulrich, which contains a very large number of
types of bryozoa, gastropoda, lamellibranchs and of other classes. The collection of
U. P. James, very rich in bryozoa and also containing many types, has gone to the
University of Chicago. The paleontological collection of the Cincinnati Society of
Natural History consists mainly of odds and ends which have come to it piecemeal.

14

The Geology of Cincinnati. 63

BRYOZOA.

Aspidopora calycula (James).
Eridotrypa briareus (Nicholson)
(c)#

Eridotrypa mutabilis (Ulrich). (c)
Peronopora sp.
Escharopora ponderosa (Ulrich).

BRACHIOPODA.

Leptobolus lepis Hall.
Lingula covingtonensis Hall and
Whitfield.
Lingula modesta Ulrich.
-)procteri Wilrich:
‘ whitfieldi Ulrich.
Lingulops norwoodi (James).

Plectambonitessericeus( Sowerby )

Rafinesquina alternata Conrad-
Emmons, variety. (c)

Schizocrania schucherti Hall and
Clarke.

Trematis fragilis Ulrich.

Zygospira recurvirostris Hall.

PELECYPODA.

Byssonychia byrnesi Ulrich.
Clionychia subundata Ulrich.
Lyrodesma subplanum Ulrich.

i poststriatum Emmons.
Modiolopsis oblonga Ulrich.
Pyrenomceus subcuneatus Ulrich.
Whiteavesia cancellata (Walcott).

Whiteavesia cincinnatiensis (Hall
and Whitfield). (c)
Whiteavesia kentonensis (Ulrich).
a modioliformis (Meek
and Worthen).
Whiteavesia pulchella Ulrich.

GASTROPODA.

Archinacella patelliformis (Hall).
Bucania nana Ulrich.
Carinaropsis explanata Ulrich.
Conularia quadrata Walcott.
be trentonensis Hall.

Cyclonema varicosum Hall.
Cyclora depressa Ulrich.

“ minuta Hall.

‘““ parvula (Hall).

Cyrtolites parvus Ulrich.

- retrorsus Ulrich.
Cyrtolitina nitidula Ulrich.
Fusispira sulcata Ulrich.
Lophospira abnormis Ulrich.

si oweni Ulrich and Sco-
field.
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c)
Tetranota bidorsata (Hall).

CEKPHALOPODA.

Cameroceras proteiforme (Hall),
variety.
Orthoceras albersi Miller.
“ junceum Hall.

Orthoceras ludlowense Miller and
Faber.
Trocholites ammonius Conrad.

VERMES.

Cornulites sp. Serpulites dissolutus Billings.

* The (c) following the name of a species indicates that it is a common fossil.

-

15

64 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory.

CRUSTACEA.
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and
4 maximus Locke. Whitfield).
Calymmene callicephala Green. Primitia perminima Ulrich.
Ceratopsis intermedia Ulrich. Primitiella unicornis Ulrich.
Gerasaphes ulrichanus Clarke. Trinucleus concentricus Eaton.

Ulrichia bivertex Ulrich.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Lockeia siliquaria James.
: gracilis-crassa Hall. Solenopora compacta (Billings).

THE CINCINNATI PERIOD.

The formation comprising the surface strata of south-
western Ohio, southeastern Indiana and northern Kentucky,
early known as the Blue Limestone, afterwards as the Cin-
cinnati Group, has now come to be considered one of the
major divisions of the Ordovician or Lower Silurian Era,
with the title Cincinnati Period. As a whole it consists of
clayey or marly, bluish or yellowish shales alternating with
even-bedded, rather thin layers of limestone, the latter
usually bluish and abundant enough to justify the early
designation of Blue Limestone Formation. Occasionally
there are layers containing considerable grit. ‘Towards the
close of the period considerable beds of sandy material were
deposited in some places; e. g., the Cumberland sandstone
of Kentucky.

While formerly considered a homogeneous whole, even
with the Trenton strata of West Covington included, the
Cincinnati period is now known to be easily separable into
three divisions important enough to justify the application
of the term group. ‘These divisions in descending order are:

3. Richmond group, . . . between 200 and 300 feet thick.

2: Lorraine: SrOuUp, 2: so.) co. se Oa ole ERO Mee ere Haelcs

Te WiklearSrOu sn. ene Ae - 2) 2 8 200 feet thick:
Total, TUS pints rs eee sre a7 0-6 7Oseem

16

The Geology of Cincinnati. 65

There is considerable variation in the different groups in
the proportions of limestone and shale. Shale greatly pre-
dominates in the Utica, but from the lower beds of the
Lorraine on, the proportion of limestone gradually increases.
This shows that there was a gradual change from more or
less turbulent conditions prevailing at the close of the
Trenton to the time of the Lower Richmond, when quiet seas
permitted the accumulation of the materials for closely suc-
ceeding beds of limestone. As the period came to a close,
there came anew turbulent conditions. ‘The fauna of the
different groups indicates the same succession of changes.

The character and conditions of the sedimentation would
naturally produce strata in which fossils are very abundant.
As in the Trenton period preceding, the bryozoa are the
most abundant form of life. The quiet interior sea in which
these strata were deposited proved a most congenial home
for this form of life. Some strata are literally made up of
their remains. Next in abundance are the brachiopods.
The fragments of the broken shells of the latter sometimes
compose beds of considerable thickness. Less than four per
cent of all the forms known from the Cincinnati period, and
these forms are of course widely distributed and generally
subject to considerable variation, are found to range through-
out. The great bulk of forms have usually a limited vertical
range.

The following is a list of the forms which, as far as present
knowledge goes, are found in all the groups of the Cincinnati
period:

CORLENTERATA.

Labechia? papillata (James). (c)

ECHINODERMATA.

Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, and varieties.

BRYOZOA.

Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall).

son). (c) (c)

Stomatopora delicatula (James ).

17

66 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

BRACHIOPODA.

Crania scabiosa Hall. (c) Trematis millepunctata Hall.
Rafinesquina alternata Conrad- Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. (c)
Emmons. (c)
PELECYPODA.

Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) Ctenodonta obliqua Hall.

GASTROPODA.
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. Lophospira tropidophora (Meek).
“hoffmanni Miller. Microceras inornatum Hall. (c)
S minuta Hall. (c) Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c)
“ parvula Hall.
CEPHALOPODA.

Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall?).

VERMES.

Nereidavus varians Grinnell.

CRUSTACEA.
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall).
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Calymmene callicephala Green. (c)
ee maximus Locke. Ulrichia nodosa Ulrich. (c)

Bollia persulcata Ulrich (c)

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings.
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem.
ss gracilis-crassa Hall.

The Utica Group.

The Utica group in its typical exposures in the State of
New York is described as consisting of black bituminous
slates with a thickness at Utica, New York, of over 600 feet.*
The Utica in northern Ohio, as revealed by drillings from the
wells at Findlay and other places, is a black shale. Prof.
Orton,f comparing the records of drillings, finds that the
Utica or black shale thins out towards the south as the Ohio
River is approached, but the overlying Hudson River shales,
as he calls them, are increased in thickness. The thickness

* Walcott, C.D. The Utica Slate and Related Formations. Trans. Albany Insti-

tute, X, 1879, p. 1. —
+ Geol., Ohio, VI, p. 8.

The Geology of Cincinnati. 67

of the two together is fairly constant. The color is not a
matter of much importance. That the shales in southwestern
Ohio are bluish or greenish in color, instead of black, does
not preclude them from being of Utica age.

The series of shales at Cincinnati overlying the limestone
strata now referred to the Point Pleasant beds, was denom-
inated the middle or Eden shales by Prof. Orton.* As there
can be no doubt of their Utica age, Prof. Orton’s name
lapses. Besides holding the same horizon in the geological
scale as the New York Utica, the specific identity of several
fossils, notably Zyriarthrus becki, very characteristic of the
eastern Utica, has been established. Much more could not
be asked. Besides being several hundred miles apart, the
New York Utica was laid down under very different condi-
tions and comparatively close to the source of its sediments,
while the Ohio Utica was formed probably far from land in a
large, rather shallow, interior sea. Under the circumstances
the latter would have a very much more extensive and
different fauna, especially if a barrier of some sort separated
the two areas:

The Utica at Cincinnati consists mainly of soft bluish or
grayish shales, of which some harden on exposure and others
decompose. Some layers form a close approach to marl. To
only a very limited extent is it a surface formation, but is
often exposed by ravines around the city and by cuttings in
the lower slopes of the hills. At no point can a continuous
section be studied, nor is it easy to correlate different ex-
posures, as they present great similarity in lithological
features and few or none of the common Utica fossils have a
short vertical range.

While the group consists mainly of shale, limestones are
not altogether wanting, and occasionally a layer of limestone
from four to six inches thick, or even more, will be found.
The limestone forms, perhaps, one-tenth or one-eighth of the
entire mass. Several of the limestones in the lower part are
of the waved variety. Some of the shale layers abound in
clay concretions. The thickness of the group at Cincinnati
is about 260 feet.

* Geol., Ohio, I, 1873, p. 372.

19

68 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

The following list contains the species which range through

the Utica.

CAQELENTERATA.

Climacograptus typicalis Hall.
Dendrograptus gracillimus Les-
quereux.

Diplograptus putillus Hall.
Labechia? papillata James. (c)

ECHINODERMATA.

Ectenocrinus grandis (Meek).
4 simplex Hall.
Heterocrinus heterodactylus Hall,
varieties.

Heterocrinus heterodactylus - pro-
pinquus Meek.

Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and
Worthen.

Lichenocrinus crateriformis Hall.

BRYOZOA.

Arthrostylus tenuis (James).

Batostoma implicatum (Nichol-
son). (c)

Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson).
(c)

Callopora onealli-communis
(James). (c)

Callopora onealli-sigillarioides
(Nicholson). (c)

Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich.(c)

Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol-
son). (c)

Cceloclema concentricum (James).
(c)

Peronopora vera Ulrich. (c)

Proboscina confusa (Nicholson).

Leptotrypa? clavis Ulrich.

Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall).
(c) ;

Stomatopora delicatula (James).

BRACHIOPODA.

Crania scabiosa Hall. (c)

Dalmanella multisecta (James-
Meek). (c)

Lingula modesta Ulrich-

Plectambonites sericeus
(Sowerby). (c)

Rafinesquina alternata Conrad-
Emmons. (c)

Trematis millepunctata Hall.

Zygospira modesta Say-Hall.

PELECYPODA.

Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c)
Clidophorus fabulus Hall.
. planulatus Conrad.

Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall).
are perminuta Ulrich.
Modiolopsis faba Emmons.

GASTROPODA:

Cyclora depressa Ulrich.
: hoffmanni Miller.
Sy minata etal (c)
* parvula Hall.

Lophospira tropidophora ( Meek).
Microceras inornatum Hall. (c)
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall).(c)

CEPHALOPODA.

Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme
Hall ?).

Orthoceras transversum Miller.

20

The Geology of Cincinnati. 69

VERMES.
Nereidavus varians Grinnell. Serpulites dissolutus Billings.
CRUSTACEA.

Acidaspis cincinnatiensis Meek, Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall).

and varieties. Calymmene callicephala Green.(c)
Acidaspis crossota (Locke). Ceratopsis chambersi ( Miller). (c)
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Whitfield).

: maximus Locke. Primitia centralis Ulrich.

Bollia persulcata Ulrich (c) Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c)

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings.
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem.
ny gracilis-crassa Hall.

Lower Utica or Aspidopora newberryi Beds.

For convenience of study the group may be divided into ©
three subdivisions, more easily distinguished faunally than
lithologically, though close study shows lithological differ-
ences, which soon come to be felt, but are not easily
described.

The lowest division to which the term Lower Utica will be
applied, embraces about 80 feet and is on the whole rather
unfossiliferous, that'is, there are many layers in which fossils
are scarce or wanting, but on the other hand there are some
layers which are very prolific in fossils; on the whole, the
fauna is an abundant one. In the number of species it excels
the next two divisions, possibly because there have been
more exposures and it has been more carefully hunted than
the succeeding divisions. In this division, as in fact
throughout the Cincinnati period, the trepostomatous
bryozoa are the most abundant fossils in point of number
of individuals; perhaps two-thirds of all the fossils are tre-
postomatous bryozoa. For a faunal designation the term
Aspidopora newberryi beds is proposed, as this bryozoan is
quite a characteristic and fairly abundant species in this
division, but very rare, if occurring at all in the succeeding
division of the Utica.

70 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Exposures of these beds are constantly becoming rarer.
Formerly they were frequently exposed by the various small
streams which found their way into the Ohio, but nearly all
of these have been transformed into sewers, and their valleys
taken for streets and building sites. The lowest shales,
occurring in the river bank in the First Ward (Fulton and
Columbia), and accessible only in low water of the Ohio
River, have yielded a fauna limited to a few feet vertically.
Among the forms obtained in these strata are Palezaster finet,
Heterocrinus geniculatus, Merocrinus curtus, Plectambonites
plicatellus, Ulrichia byrnesi, Elpe radiata, Triarthrus beckt,
Dicranograptus ramosus, Diplograptus whitfieldi, Dendro-
graptus tenuiramosus, Aspidopora areolata and Aspidopora
newberryt. :

The limestones in this division are usually harder and not
so bluish as in the remaining Utica strata. The lowest shales
are greenish-gray, drab, or yellowish, but soon give way to
shales of various shades of blue and gray.

The following list gives the fossils mainly restricted to this
division, so far as known. A complete list will include those
in the list on pages 68 and 69.

SPONGLA.
Lepidolites dickhauti Ulrich.

CGRLENTERATA.
Dendrograptus tenuiramosus Dicranograptus ramosus Hall.
Walcott. Diplograptus whitfieldi Hall.
ECHINODERMATA.
Glyptocrinus pattersoni Miller. Palzeaster finei Ulrich.
Heterocrinus exilis Hall. Teeniaster fimbriatus (Ulrich).
= geniculatus Ulrich. ss flexuosus (Miller and
Merocrinus curtus Ulrich. Dyer).
BRYOZOA,
Amplexopora petasiformis (Nich- Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich.
olson). Atactoporella newportensisUlrich.
Amplexopora petasiformis-welchi typicalis Ulrich.
(James). Callopora onealli (James).
Arthropora sp. Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich,
Aspidopora areolata Ulrich. variety.
‘s newberryi(Nicholson). Crepipora solida (Ulrich).
fs sp. e venusta (Ulrich).

22

The Geology of Cincinnati. 71

Escharopora acuminata (James). Monotrypella zqualis Ulrich.

Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). Rhinidictya parallela (James).
(c) Spatiopora sp.

Leptotrypa? cortex Ulrich. Stictoporella flexuosa (James).

Monotrypa turbinata (James).

BRACHIOPODA.

Crania albersi Miller. Orbiculoideatenuistriata ( Ulrich).
“ dyeri Miller. Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall.
Dalmanella emacerata (Hall). Plectambonites plicatellus (UI-

Leptezena rhomboidalis-gibbosa rich).

(James). Rafinesquina ulrichi (James).
Leptobolus insignis Hall. Strophomena halliana Miller.
Lingula bisulcata Ulrich. Trematis magna Ulrich.

PELECYPODA.
Byssonychia vera Ulrich. Orthodontiscus ovatus (Ulrich).
Ctenodonta filistriata Ulrich. Psiloconcha tenuistriata Ulrich.
Cymatonota productifrons Ulrich. Pterinea mucronata Ulrich.
Lyrodesma cincinnatiense Hall. Rhytimya radiata Ulrich.
ct poststriatum Emmons. Technophorus cincinnatiensis
Modiolopsis subtruncata Ulrich. Miller and Faber.

Nuculites? yoldiiformis Ulrich.

GASTROPODA.
Archinacella patelliformis (Hall). | Lophospira lirata Ulrich.
Cyrtolites retrorsus Ulrich. Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and
Fusispira terebriformis Hall. Scofield.

Liospira micula (Hall).
CEPHALOPODA.

Orthoceras junceum Hall.

VERMES.
Eotrophonia setigera Ulrich. Protoscolex simplex Ulrich.
Protoscolex covingtonensis Ulrich x tenuis Ulrich.
t ornatus Ulrich.
CRUSTACEA.

Elpe radiata (Ulrich). Primitiella unicornis Ulrich.
Jonesella crepidiformis (Ulrich). Ss whitfieldi Jones.

(c) Triarthrus becki Green.
Jonesella pedigera Ulrich. Trinucleus bellulus Ulrich.
Placentula inornata Ulrich. « concentricus Eaton.
Primitia centralis Ulrich. Ulrichia bivertex Ulrich.

“+ rudis Ulrich. sf byrnesi (Miller).

Primitiella claypoli Jones.

23

72 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Asaphoidichnus dyeri Miller.
ie trifidum Miller.
Bythotrephis ramulosa Miller.
Dactylophycus quadripartitum
Miller and Dyer.
Dactylophycus tridigitatum
Miller and Dyer.
Ormathichnus moniliforme Miller.
Petalichnus multipartitum Miller.
Rusophycus asperum Miller and
Dyer.

Sphenophyllum primeyvum Les-
quereux.

Teratichnus confertum Miller.

Trachomatichnus cincinnatiense
Miller.

Trachomatichnus numerosum
Miller.

Trachomatichnus permultum
Miller.

Trichophycus sulcatum Miller and
Dyer.

Middle Utica or Batostoma jamesi Beds.

No sharp dividing lines can be drawn separating this series
of beds from either the lower or upper Utica. The thickness
is about 120 feet. This division has a somewhat less propor-
tion of limestone than the other divisions of the Utica and is
much less rich faunally. Exposures are not uncommon, but
are rarely of a character to yield many fossils; that is, they
usually show the edges of the outcropping strata, but are
seldom thrown out and given a chance to weather. From
the abundance of the bryozoan Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson)
the beds may be known as the Batostoma jamesi beds.

In addition to the fossils given in the list of those ranging
through the Utica, the following occur, most of which are
restricted to this division:

CQLENTERATA.

Dictyonema arbusculum (Ulrich).

ECHINODERMATA.

Mchenocrans dubius Miller.

BRYOZOA.

Amplexopora petasiformis (Nich-
olson), variéty.

Aspidopora eccentrica (James).

Batostoma implicatum (Nichol-
son) net (c)s

Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson).
Cel aone

Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson).

Callopora onealli - communis
(James). (c).

Callopora onealli - sigillarioides
(Nicholson). (c).

Callopora sp.

Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich.

Je granulosa’ Ulrich,

variety.

The Geology of Cincinnati. ; 73,

Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James),

son). variety.

Cceloclema alternatum (James). Perouopora vera Ulrich. (c).
Dekayella ulrichi (Nicholson). Proboscina confusa (Nicholson).
BRACHIOPODA.

Dalmanella emacerata (Hall). Rafinesquina squamula (James).
Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall. Strophomena halliana Miller.
PELECYPODA.
Clidophorus ellipticus Ulrich. Orthodesma occidentale Miller.
Lyrodesma conradi Ulrich. Orthodontiscus mediocardinalis
Modiolopsis angustata Ulrich. (Miller).
i parva Ulrich. Orthodontiscus ovatus (Ulrich).
ip simulatrix Ulrich. Psiloconcha minima Ulrich.
GASTROPODA.

’ Archinacella patelliformis (Hall). | Lophospira lirata Ulrich.
Cyrtolites carinatus Miller. Protowarthia granistriata Ulrich.
Hormotoma gracilis - angustata i planidorsata Ulrich.

Hall. Trochonema nitidum Ulrich.
Liospira micula (Hall).
CEPHALOPODA.
Cyrtoceras magister Miller. Trocholites minusculus Miller and
2 ortoni (Meek). Dyer.

“

ventricosum Miller.

CRUSTACEA.

Proetus spurlocki Meek.
Ctenobolbina ciliata (Emmons). (c).

Upper Utica or Dekayella ulrichi Beds.

This division of the Utica is exceedingly fossiliferous, but
the fauna is mainly of a bryozoan character. Limestones,
especially of a thin, slabby kind, are considerably more
numerous than in the divisions below, two heavy layers being
usually found at its bottom. Although. Dekayella ulrichi
(Nicholson) occurs plentifully in the middle Utica, it is so
very abundant in these beds that the name Dekayella ulrichi
beds seems an appropriate faunal designation. ‘The thickness
of this division is about sixty feet. TShe beds have been fre-
quently exposed in grading for streets and other porposes,. so
that the fauna i is fairly well known.

25

74 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In addition to the fossils in the list on pages 68 and 69, the
following are found in the upper Utica:

BRYOZOA.
Amplexopora septosa (Ulrich). Constellaria constellata - promi-
Arthropora shafferi-cleavelandi nens Ulrich.

(James). Crepipora simulans Ulrich.
Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich. Dekayella obscura Ulrich.
Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson). (c) e ulrichi (Nicholson).(c)
Berenicea vesiculosa Ulrich. . ulrichi-robusta Foord.
Bythopora parvula James. Dekayia maculata (James).
Callopora nodulosa (Nicholson). Escharopora falciformis (Nichol-
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, son), variety.

variety. Phylloporina variolata (Ulrich).
Ceramoporella granulosa - mil- Stomatopora arachnoidea- tenuis-

fordensis (James). sima Ulrich.

Coeloclemaalternatum(James).(c)

GASTROPODA.
Bellerophon capax Ulrich.

CRUSTACEA.

Ctenobolbina alata Ulrich. Ctenobolbina ciliata-curta Ulrich.
- bispinosa Ulrich.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Rusophycus pudicum Hall.
Protostigma sigillaroides Lesquereux.

The Lorraine Group.

The Lorraine at Cincinnati as compared with the under-
lying Utica contains much less shale and more limestone.
The shales are bluish or yellowish, and often marly. The
limestones are even-bedded, on an average four or five inches
thick, and bluish in color. No markedly waved layers have
been observed in the Lorraine. All the higher strata at Cin-
cinnati belong to the Lorraine, and for twenty or thirty miles
around the city the streams expose these strata. The Lor-
raine is also found in Kentucky and Tennessee. Mt. Par-
nassus at Columbia, Tennessee, is a noted locality for Lor-
raine fossils.

26

The Geology of Cincinnati. 75

The Lorraine in Ohio is easily separable on faunal grounds,
with corresponding more or less well-marked lithological
characters, into six series of beds or subdivisions. In de-
sceuding order these.are :

6. Warren or Homotrypa bassleri Beds, . . . about 8o feet.
5. Mt. Auburn or Platystrophia lynx Beds . . . about 20 feet.
4. Corryville or Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds, . . about 60 feet.
3. Bellevue or MWonticulipora molesta Beds, . . . about 20 feet.
2. Fairmount or Vekayia aspera Beds, . . . . about 80 feet.
1. Mt. Hope or Amplexopora septosa Beds, . . about 50 feet.

The Lorraine is exceedingly fossiliferous. Throughout
the trepostomatous bryozoa are very abundant. Some forms
it has in common with the underlying Utica and the over-
lying Richmond, yet the number is surprisingly small in
comparison with the entire fauna. Owing to their usually
having a restricted range, the bryozoa are excellent horizon
markers.

The species which range through the Lorraine, though in
some beds, as, e. g., the Bellevue Beds, they may occur very
rarely, are as follows:

CGELENTERATA.
Labechia? papillata (James). (c)

ECHINODERMATA.
Heterocrinus heterodactylus Hall, varieties.
Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, varieties.
Lepidodiscus cincinnatiensis (Roemer).

BRYOZOA.
Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson) (c)
Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall). (c)
Stomatopora delicatula (James).

BRACHIOPODA.
Crania lzelia Hall. Rafinesquina alternata Conrad-
““ seabiosa Hall (c) Emmons. (c)
Hebertella sinuata (Hall). (c) Trematis millepunctata Hall.

Platystrophia laticostata (James- Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. (c)
Meek), and varieties. (c)

27

76 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

PELECYPODA.

Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) Ctenodonta perminuta Ulrich.
Clidophorus fabulus (Hall). Pterinea demissa Conrad (c)
Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall).
GASTROPODA. :
Coleolus iowensis James. Cyrtolites ornatus Conrad. (c)
Conularia formosa Miller and Hyolithes parviusculus Hall
Dyer. Lophospira bowdeni (Safford).(c)
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. tropidophora (Meek).
‘“ hoffmanni Miller. Microceras inornatum Hall. (c)
s minuta Hall. (c) Protowarthia cancellata (Hall).(c)
“ parvula Hall. Shizolopha moorei Ulrich.
CEPHALOPODA.

Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall ?).

VERMES.
Cornulites corrugatus(Nicholson). Nereidavus varians Grinnell.
. sterlingensis (Meek Serpulites dissolutus Billings.
and Worthen).

CRUSTACEA.
Acidaspis cincinnatiensis Meek, Calymmiene callicephala Green. (c)
and varieties. Isotelus gigas DeKay.
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). : maximus Locke.
Bollia persulcata Ulrich. (c) Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and
Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall). Whitfield.
; Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c)

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings.
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxeni.
a gracilis-crassa Hall. se pudicum Hall.

Mt. Hope or Amplexopora septosa Beds.

Overlying the Utica are several heavy, rather irregularly
bedded limestones roughish in character. The layer of lime-
stone which usually caps the Utica shale varies from eight to
sixteen inches in thickness. It is a mass of fossils, mainly
Dalmanella multisecta; the reddish specimens of this little
shell sprinkling its upper surface render it an easily recog-
nized stratum. ‘This and several succeeding limestone layers
are sometimes quarried but do not afford a very satisfactory

28

The Geology of Cincinnatt. 77

building stone; they do not dress well, and are usually so
situated as not to be worked with profit. In Newport, Ken-
tucky, they are about 300 feet above the Cincinnati city
datum, low-water mark of the Ohio river, which is 432 feet
above tide. |

The horizon of the Strophomena planoconvexa, which has a
very limited vertical range, is regarded as marking the
boundary between the Mt. Hope beds and the succeeding
Fairmount beds. Limestones are more abundant than in the
upper Utica, but not so abundant as in the Fairmount beds,
and these, and the intervening shales as well, are often
inclined to be sandy. Occasionally there are layers showing
the fossils as casts upon weathering. The few feet of lime-
stones and intervening shales capping the upper Utica beds
are crowded with bryozoa of about the same kinds as the
beds just below them, but fossils soon become scarcer, and as
a whole these beds appear to have a rather meager fauna.
This may be only apparent, however, due to their rarely
being exposed. The name Mt. Hope beds has been given
from.an exposure found on the southeastern slope of Price
Hill, known as Mt. Hope, where the strata are more clayey
and less sandy than usual and the fossils better preserved.
Although the Amplexopora septosa occurs rather sparingly in
the upper Utica, it is very characteristic and abundant and
finely developed in these beds, and so has been selected for
the faunal designation.

In addition to the species ranging through the Lorraine,
the following are found in these beds:

SPONGIZA.

Anomalospongia reticulata Ulrich.

BRYOZOA.

Amplexoporaseptosa (Ulrich).(c) | Constellaria constellata-prominens
Batostomia sp. Ulrich.
Callopora dalei (Edwards and Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol-

Haime). (c) son).
Callopora nodulosa (Nicholson). Heterotrypa sp.

“ . subplana Ulrich. Monticulipora mammiulata D’Or-

Constellaria coustellata-plana bigny.

Ulrich. Peronopora vera Ulrich. (c)

29

78 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

BRACHIOPODA.

Dalmanella multisecta (James-Meek).

PELECYPODA.
Ctenodonta pectunculoides (Hall) Modiolopsis milleri Ulrich.

GASTROPODA.
Cyclonema gracile Ulrich.

VERMES.
Arabellites lunatus Hinde. Lumbriconereites dactylodus
- quadratus Hinde. Hinde.
Eunicites simplex Hinde. Scolithus tuberosus Miller and
Dyer.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.
Discophycus typicale Walcott.

Fairmount or Dekayia aspera Beds.

This division of the Lorraine was early known as the Stone
Quarries and later by Orton’s name, Hill Quarry beds. . The
name Fairmount is proposed because all the hills in that part
of the city known as Fairmount, lying north from Price Hill
and south or southwest from Cumminsville and immediately
west of Mill Creek, in which numerous quarries have been
opened, show these strata and none higher. The highest
strata in the hills surrounding Newport and Covington also
belong to this division. These beds, whose thickness is
about eighty feet, are characterized by regular aternations
of evenly-bedded, bluish limestones from two to six inches
thick, rarely more, and bluish or sometimes pale yellowish
or brownish shales. The limestones form at least a third of
the whole mass and are easily quarried out. The stone is
mostly used for foundation work for residences, though it has
also been very tastefully employed to form the walls of a
number of church edifices and other buildings of a quasi-
public character. The stone when burned forms a rather
strong lime, which has a limited use locally. At one time the
making of lime was quite an industry, but the purer grades
of lime shipped in have almost displaced the home-made
article.

30

The Geology of Cincinnati. 79

With this division the Lorraine fauna is fairly inaugurated.
The fauna is quite different from that in the Utica beds.
Fossils cannot be said to be really abundant, that is, as com-
pared with the upper Utica or the succeeding divisions of
the Lorraine, but in variety the Fairmount beds excel all
other divisions of the Cincinnati period, with the possible ex-
ception of the lower Richmond. The fossils are usually well,
and often beautifully preserved, and can ordinarily be had
- free through the weathering of the shales between the lime-
stones. The limestone layers usually show the fossils of
which they are composed, and their upper and lower surfaces
are often a mass of fossils, projecting more or less from the
matrix.

In addition to the forms which range through the Lorraine
the following occur in the Fairmount beds:

SPONGLA.
Cylindroccelia covingtonensis Hindia spheeroidalis - gregaria
Ulrich. Miller and Dyer.

Dystactospongia insolens Miller.

ECHINODERMATA.

Anomalocrinus incurvus (Meek Ohiocrinus laxus (Hall).

and Worthen). sf oehanus (Ulrich).
Cyclocystoides bellulus Millerand Palaaster clarkanus Miller.

Dyer. s¢ dyeri Meek.
Cystaster granulatus (Hall). oS granulosus Hall.
Dendrocrinus cincinnatiensis ss jamesi (Dana).

(Meek). oe shafferi Hall.
Ectenocrinus grandis (Meek). Ptychocrinus parvus (Hall).
Glyptocrinus decadactylus Hall. Streptaster vorticellatus (Hall).
Hemicystites stellatus (Hall). Teeniaster granuliferus (Meek).

BRYOZOA.
Amplexopora cingulata Ulrich. Atactoporella multigranosa
ais ?discoidea (Nichol- (Ulrich).

son). Atactoporella mundula (Ulrich).

Amplexopora septosa (Ulrich). 2 tenella (Ulrich).
ae sp. Bythopora dendrina (James).

Arthropora shafferi (Nicholson), as gracilis (Nicholson).

variety. (c)
Arthropora sp. Callopora dalei (Edwards and
Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich. Haime). (c)

maculata Ulrich. Callopora subplana Ulrich.

fe) Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Callopora sp.
Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich.
2: granulosa Ulrich,
variety.
Ceramoporella ohioensis ( Nichol-
SO), ac)
Constellaria constellata Dana. (c)
2 constellata-plana
Ulrich.
Crepipora impressa Ulrich.
4 simulans Ulrich.
Dekayia aspera Edwards and
Haime. (c)
Dekayia multispinosa Ulrich.
Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol-
son).
Dicranopora internodia (Miller
and Dyer).
Discotrypa elegans (Ulrich).
Escharopora falciformis (Nichol-
son).
Escharopora maculata Ulrich.
aS pavonia (D’Orbigny).
(c)
Heterotrypa frondosa(D’Orbigny).
(c)

Heterotrypa solitaria Ulrich.
aS subpulchella ( Nichol-
son).

Heterotrypa sp.

Homotrypa curvata Ulrich.

: flabellaris Ulrich.
obliqua Uirich. (c)
ih Sp.

Homotrypella sp.

Leptotrypa? irregularis (Ulrich).

a ? semipilaris Ulrich.

Monticulipora mammulata D’Or-

bigny.

Peronopora vera Ulrich.

Petigopora gregaria Ulrich.

ss petechialis (Nichol-
son).

Phylloporina clathrata (Miller

and Dyer).

Spatiopora aspera Ulrich.
corticans (Nicholson).
lineata Ulrich.
maculosa Ulrich.
tuberculata (Edwards

and Haime).

Stomatopora inflata (Hall). —

BRACHIOPODA.

Dalmanella bellula (James-Meek).
‘s meeki (Miller).
Lingula cincinnatiensis (Hall and
Whitfield).
Lingula modesta Ulrich.
Orthorhynchula linneyi
Nettleroth).
Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall.
Platystrophia crassa (James -
Meek).
Plectorthis dichotoma (Hall).
- ? ella (Hall).
zequivalvis (Hall).
- fissicosta (Hall).
z plicatella (Hall). (c).
? sectostriata (Ulrich)
ce triplicatella (Meek).

(James-

Rafinesquina alternata - fracta
(Meek).
Rafinesquina alternata-loxorhytis
(Meek).
Rafinesquina squamula (James).
Schizambon ? lockii Winchell and
Schuchert.
Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whit-
field.
Strophomena planoconvexa Hall.
cs sinuata James-Meek.
Trematis crassipunctata Ulrich:
as dyeri Miller.
a oblata Ulrich.
Zygospira cincinnatiensis James-
Meek.
Zygospira concentrica Ulrich.

32

The Geology of Cincinnati. 81

PELECYPODA.

Allonychia ovata Ulrich.
Anomalodonta plicata Ulrich.
Byssonychia acutirostris Ulrich.

f imbricata Ulrich.

nf retrorsa (Miller).
Ctenodonta pectunculoides (Hall).
Cuneamya cordiformis Miller.

if parva Miller.
Cymatonota pholadis (Conrad).

ne recta Ulrich.
Eridonychia apicalis Ulrich.

cA paucicostata Ulrich.
Eurymya alata (Ulrich).
Ischyrodonta unionoides (Meek).
Lyrodesma grande Ulrich.

es inornatum Ulrich.
Modiolodon obtusus Ulrich.

7; truncatus (Hall).
Modiolopsis faba Emmons.

a faberi Miller.

= longa Miller and Faber.

‘ milleri Ulrich.

“ modiolaris (Conrad).
sf parallela Ulrich.
Opisthoptera ampla Ulrich.

Opisthoptera notabilis Ulrich.
Orthodesmia faberi Miller.

s nasutum Conrad.
Orthonotella faberi Miller.
Physetomya acuminata Ulrich.
Psiloconcha inornata Ulrich.

s sinuata Ulrich.
subovalis (Ulrich).
Pterinea cincinuatiensis Miller

and Faber.
Pterinearugatula Miller and Faber.
Pyanomya faberi Miller.
< gibbosa Miller.
Rhytimya ashmani Miller
Faber.
Rhytimya compressa Ulrich.

Y oehana Ulrich.

5 producta Ulrich.

‘ scaphula Miller

Faber.
Sedgwickia? compressa Meek.

s ? fragilis Meek.
Technophorus faberi Miller.

= punctostriatus Ul-

ce

and

and

rich,

GASTROPODA.

Bellerophon capax Ulrich.
Bucanopsis carinifera Ulrich.

Cyclonema mediale Ulrich.
a pyramidatum James.

Clathrospira conica Ulrich and <§ subleve Ulrich.
Scofield. 4 transversum Ulrich.
Conradella bellula Ulrich. Lophospira ampla Ulrich.
Cyclonema inflatum Ulrich. Microceras minutissimum Ulrich.
s limatum Ulrich. Seelya mundula Ulrich.
CEPHALOPODA.
Cyrtoceras conoidale Wetherby. Orthoceras meeki Miller.
e vallandighami Miller. bs turbidum Hall and
Orthoceras byrnesi Miller. Whitfield.

“

cincinnatiense Miller.

VERMES.

Arabellites aciculatus James.
eS hindei James.
Cornulites flexuosus (Hall).

33

Cornulites minor Nicholson.
Walcottia rugosa Miller and Dyer.

82 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CRUSTACEA.
Acidaspis anchoralis Miller. Dalmanites carleyi Meek.
Ctenobolbina? tumida Ulrich. Elpe cincinnatiensis (Meek).

Dalmanites callicephalus Hall.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Heliophycus stelliforme Miller and Dyer.
Trichophycus venosum Miller.

Bellevue or Monticulipora molesta Beds.

Overlying the quarry layers is a small series of beds, of
rather shelly limestone, thinner than those below and harder,
which the eye readily distinguishes as quite different from
the layers below. In the bluff at the bend in Clifton Avenue,
just under the old Bellevue House, a one-time landmark
which has recently disappeared, these layers project out
boldly near the top of the bluff, above the strata of the Fair-
mount beds. The beds are almost a mass of bryozoa, and
hence contain few other fossils. The JJonticulipora molesta
which, if not restricted to these beds, at least here attains its
maximum development in size and numbers, is one of the
most characteristic of these bryozoa and has been chosen for
the faunal designation. The thickness of these beds is abcut
fifteen feet.

Immediately above are about five feet considerably different
lithologically and somewhat faunally, which we include in
this division. These upper layers are largely composed of
single valves and broken fragments of Rajinesquina alternata,
variety, though entire specimens are not uncommon. The
M. molesta occurs also in these layers, but has not been found
in the next division.

In addition to the forms ranging through the Lorraine, the
following occur :

BRYOZOA.
Amplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny). Atactoporella sp.
wY robusta Ulrich. Bythopora gracilis (Nicholson).
Atactoporella multigranosa (2).
(Ulrich). _ Callopora ramosa (D’Orbigny).
Atactoporella mundula (Ulrich). (c)
ortoni (Nicholson). Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich,
tenella (Ulrich). variety.

The Geology of Cincinnatt. 5

Ceramoporella whitei (James).
- sp.

Dekayia sp.

Heterotrypa sp.

Homotrypa obliqua Ulrich. (c)

Monticulipora molesta Nicholson.

(c)
Nicholsonella vaupeli Ulrich.
Peronopora compressa (Ulrich).

i>)

Peronopora decipiens (Rom-
inger).
Petigopora asperula Ulrich.
* gregaria Ulrich.
petechialis Nicholson.
Proboscina auloporoides ( Nichol-
son).
Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson).
Stomatopora inflata (Hall).

BRACHIOPODA.
Platystrophia lynx (Eichwald), variety.
Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whitfield.

Corryville or Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds.

In this division the limestones are thinner and less frequent
than in the quarry beds and the shales more yellowish. Blue
shale also occurs. Price Hill and the higher hills of the
“Cincinnati island” (see azfe, p. 50) expose these beds.
Formerly Corryville abounded in exposures, but has been so
covered with residences that the underlying strata are now
seldom seen. One of the most characteristic bryozoa, very
abundant in these beds, if not restricted to them, is the
Chiloporella nicholsont. At the present time Fairview Heights
affords a number of exposures of these layers. Owing to
these strata having been largely cut into in the course of the
transformation of the hill tops into the residence portion of
the city, their fauna has become well known.

In addition to the species ranging through the Lorraine,
the following occur:

SPONGIE.
Leptopoterion mammiferum Pattersonia difficilis Miller.

Ulrich. m4 ulrichi Rauff.

ECHINODERMATA.
Anomalocrinus caponiformis Glyptocrinus dyeri Meek.

(Lyon). A dyeri-sublevis Miller.
Anomalocystites balanoides Meek. subglobosus Meek.
Cyclocystoides cincinnatiensis Heterocrinus pentagonus Ulrich.

Miller and Faber. Lepidodiscus holbrooki (James).
Cyclocystoides nitidus Faber. x pileus (Hall).
Dendrocrinus posticus (Hall). ss warrenensis (James). .

ISS)
(Sal

84 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Lichenocrinus dyeri Hall. Palzeaster spinulosus Miller and
Ohiocrinus compactus (Meek). Dyer.
“ constrictus (Hall). Streptaster? vorticellatus (Hall).

Palzeaster incomptus Meek.
BRYOZOA.

Amplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny). Dekayia appressa Ulrich.

Arthropora shafferi (Meek). a pelliculata Ulrich.
Atactopora sp. Heterotrypa inflecta Ulrich.
Berenicea primitiva Ulrich. Homotrypa obliqua Ulrich. (c)
or Sp. Monticulipora cincinnatiensis
Bythopora dendrina (James). (James).
4 gracilis (Nicholson).(c) _ Peronopora compressa (Ulrich.) (c)
Callopora andrewsi (Nicholson). “3 decipiens (Rominger).
% ramosa (D’Orbigny).(c) Petigopora asperula Ulrich.
4 rugosa (Edwards and vs gregaria Ulrich.
Haime). (c) rs petechialis Nicholson.
Callopora sp. Proboscina auloporoides (Nichol-
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, son).
variety. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson).
Ceramoporella whitei (James). Spatiopora tuberculata (Edwards
sp. and Haime).
Chiloporella nicholsoni (James) Spatiopora sp.
() Stomatopora inflata (Hall).
BRACHIOPODA.
Platystrophia sp. Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whit-
Rafinesquina alternata - nasuta field.
(Conrad). (c) Trematis umbonata Ulrich.
PELECYPODA.
Allonychia jamesi (Meek). Orthodesma mundum Miller and
= subrotunda Ulrich. Faber.
Byssonychia alveolata Ulrich. Orthodesma parvum Ulrich.
op preecursor Ulrich. Psilonychia perangulata Ulrich.
Cardiomorpha obliquata Meek. Pyrenomoeus decipiens Ulrich.
Cuneamya elliptica Miller. Rhytimya convexa Ulrich.
Modiolodon truncatus (Hall). 4 mickelboroughi (Whit-
Modiolopsis faba Emmons. field).
GASTROPODA.
Bellerophon recurvus Ulrich. Cyclonema simulans Ulrich.
Conradella elegans (Miller). Dyeria costata (James).

Cyclonema humerosum Ulrich.

36

The Geology of Cincinnati. 85

CEPHALOPODA.

Gomphoceras cincinnatiense Orthoceras dyeri Miller.
Miller. ss harperi Miller.

Gomphoceras faberi Miller.
VERMES.

Walcottia cookana Miller and Dyer.

CRUSTACEA.
Ceratopsis oculifera (Hall). Elpe irregularis (Miller).
Ceraurus milleranus Miller and Lichas halli Foerste.
Gurley. Placentula marginata Ulrich.
Ctenobolbina duryi (Miller). Primitia centralis Ulrich.
Elpe cincinnatiensis (Meek). Proetus parviusculus Hall.

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Blastophycus diadematum Miller and Dyer.
Bythotrephis ramulosa Miller.
Licrophycus flabellum Miller and Dyer.

Mt. Auburn or Platystrophia lynx Beds.

These beds were selected by Prof. Orton to mark the divid-
ing line between the Cincinnati beds proper and the Lebanon
division, but their thickness is much greater than was proba-
bly suspected. At Cincinnati but few localities have an alti-
tude great enough to showthem. ‘The city water tanks on
Price Hill rest on them; the higher parts of McMillan Street,
on Clifton Heights, were cut through them. Over a con-
siderable part of Mt. Auburn they formed the surface rock
with numerous exposures before the growth of the city
covered this beautiful hilltop with residences. The high -
ridge extending from west of Price Hill north through West-
wood shows these beds wherever cut into. They are finely
exposed in Reservoir Creek, north of Lebanon, Ohio. ‘Their
thickness is about twenty feet. The lower five to twelve feet
contain an abundance of the large Orthid, Platystrophia lynx,
known in common parlance as double-headed Dutchman; in
the remainder this brachiopod is much less abundant, other-
wise the fauna is much the same. The most characteristic
bryozoa are the Celoclema oweni and a fine species of Homo-
trypa as yet undescribed. The beds are mainly blue shale,
though sometimes yellowish in exposure, with some rather

a7.

86 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

irregularly bedded limestone. The following fossils occur in
addition to those listed on pages 75 and 76. The fauna is
mainly bryozoan. ‘These beds have not received much at-
tention at the hands of collectors, which may explain the
brevity of the following list:

BRYOZOA,
Amplexopora sp. (c) Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol-
Arthropora shafferi (Meek). son).
Atactoporella sp. Eridotrypa sp.
Berenicea sp. Heterotrypa sp.
Bythopora gracilis (Nicholson). Homotrypasp. (c).

(c) Peronopora compressa (Ulrich).
Callopora sp. ~ decipiens (Rominger).
Cerainoporella whitei (James). Petigopora petechialis (Romin-
Cceloclema oweni (James). (c) ger).

Crepipora simulans Ulrich. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson).
Dekayia sp. Stomatopora inflata Hall.
BRACHIOPODA.

Platystrophia lynx (Eichwald). (c)

Warren or Homotrypa bassleri Beds.

The Mt. Auburn beds pass with little distinction into the
next series of beds. For these the name Warren beds is pro-
posed, because they are exposed in a number of streams in
the vicinity of Lebanon, Oregonia, and other places in War-
ren County. The most characteristic bryozoan is perhaps
the Homotrypa bassleri.* These strata were included by Orton
in the Lebanon beds, but their fauna shows them to be much
more nearly related to the Lorraine beds beneath than to the
Richmond above. ‘Toward the top of this division the layers,
both limestone and shale, especially the latter, become rough
and nodular, indicating a marked change in the sedimenta-
tion. For this reason these layers are considered to mark
the close of the Lorraine. Immediately after them come the
even-bedded limestones and marly shales of the lower Rich-
mond. Limestone is not very abundant in the beds under
consideration, whose thickness is about eighty feet. The
intercalated shales are of a dark bluish color, rather marly.

* For description of this species see this journal, Vol. XX., Article IV.

38

The Geology of Cincinnatt, 87

Fossils do not appear to be nearly as abundant as in beds
underlying or overlying. But these beds have received little
attention from collectors. Careful collecting may show a
large and varied, as well as characteristic fauna.* About
thirty-five feet below the top of these beds occurs the stratum
of the noted Dinorthis retrorsa (Salter), of very limited extent
vertically, but very persistent horizontally. This Orthid is
abundant in this stratum, but seems to be restricted to it.

The following species are considered to occur in the War-
ren beds in addition to those given as ranging through the
Lorraine:

BRYOZOA.
Amplexopora sp. Homotrypa bassleri Nickles. (c)
Batostoma varians (James). (c) Leptotrypa? dychei (James).
Berenicea sp. Lioclemella sp.
Callopora sp. Mesotrypa sp.
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, Nicholsonella sp.
variety. Peronopora compressa (Ulrich).

Ceramoporella whitei (James). ay decipiens (Rominger).

‘ sp. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson).
Cceloclema sp. Rhopalonaria venosa Ulrich.
Heterotrypa sp.

BRACHIOPODA.

Dinorthis retrorsa (Salter).

PELECYPODA.
Anomalodonta alata Meek. Cymatonota cylindrica (Miller and
Ctenodonta madisonensis Ulrich. Faber).
Cymatonota constricta Ulrich. - Modiolodon subovalis Ulrich.

*[t is quite probable that a few of the forms, which in this paper are listed as
belonging to the lower Richmond, will prove to belong to the Warren beds. The
recognition of the fact that the Cincinnati period consists of the three well-marked
groups, Utica, Lorraine, and Richmond, is comparatively recent. And still more
recently has it been seen that in each are well-marked divisions, easily recognized
when once the faunal and lithological differences are known. A very large number
of the fossils described from the Cincinnati period are rare forms; some are unique,
but a single specimen being known. So long asthe idea prevailed that the Cincinnati
group, as it was then called, was homogeneous and indivisible, collectors were indif-
ferent as to the exact horizon of their finds. Hence, when those who described fos-
sils. give simply Cincinnati, Ohio, as the locality, it is often a matter of conjecture
from just which particular division the fossil came. For this reason the lists given
in this paper must be considered largely provisional. I have to acknowledge grate-
fully the very great help I have received in placing the fossils in their various beds
from my friends, Messrs. E. O. Ulrich and R. S. Bassler, whose full and accurate
knowledge of the Cincinnati fossils and their horizons has been freely at my service.

39

88 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

GASTROPODA.

Cyclonema bilix-fluctuatum James.
Cyclora pulcella Miller.

CEPHALOPODA.

Orthoceras mohri Miller.

VERMES.

Polygnathus wilsoni James. Prioniodus dychei James.

CRUSTACEA.

Aparchites oblongus Ulrich. Primitia cincinnatiensis (Miller).
Ctenobolbina ciliata - hammelli (c)
(Miller and Faber).
POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Dystactophycus mamillanum Miller and Dyer.

The Richmond Group.

The Richmond embraces the uppermost beds of the Cin-
cinnati period. In Ohio and Indiana they form an irregular
belt, surrounding Cincinnati at a distance of from thirty to
fifty miles. The localities in these States most noted for
their fossils are Lebanon (not in the immediate vicinity, how-
ever), Freeport or Oregonia, Waynesville, Clarksville, Mor-
row, Westboro, Blanchester, Camden, and Oxford in Ohio;
Richmond, Weisburg, Versailles, and Madison in Indiana.

The rocks are even-bedded limestones, usually dove-colored
or grayish rather than bluish, from two to ten or more inches
in thickness, with regular shale alternations, the limestone
forming from one-fourth to one-half the whole mass.

The Richmond has received but little careful, detailed
study, not enough to establish the boundaries or lithological
characters of the divisions. The indications are that there
are three well marked divisions, which for the present are
designated as lower, middle, and upper Richmond. The
lower Richmond seems to be strongly developed on the
eastern side of the Cincinnati uplift, where the middle is
feebly developed and the upper probably not at all. The
middle division is finely shown at Richmond, Indiana, and at
other points on the western side of the uplift. On this same

40

The Geology of Cincinnatt. 89

side the upper is feebly developed toward the north, but
becomes stronger toward the south, and probably has its
strongest development in Kentucky. The Cumberland sand-
stone of Kentucky probably belongs to this division. The
Richmond beds of Tennessee,* and those formed in the
western and northwestern parts of the ancient interior sea,
now exposed at Wilmington and Sterling, Illinois, and Spring
Valley, Minnesota, perhaps also those shown at Delafield and
Iron Ridge, Wisconsin, all of which have been referred to
the Cincinnati period, may represent a phase later than any
of the Richmond of Ohio and Indiana.

The Richmond group has a very extensive and varied
fauna, and, as a whole, very different from the underlying
Lorraine. Corals are unknown in the Lorraine, the Rich-
mond has a considerable number. The bryozoan fauna of
both lower and middle Richmond is very extensive; many
new species of bryozoa have been. discovered which await
description.

The following list contains the species which, so far as
present knowledge goes, range through the Richmond.

CGLENTERATA.
Labechia? papillata (James). (c)
Protarea vetusta (Hall), variety. (c)
Streptelasma rusticum Billings. (c)

ECHINODERMATA.

Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, varieties.

BRYOZOA.

Berenicea sp.

Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich,
variety.

Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol-
son). (c)

Constellaria polystomella Nichol-
son.

Fenestella granulosa Whitfield.

Homotrypa flabellaris Ulrich. (c)

Homotrypella sp.

Monotrypella quadrata (Romin-
Sew\y wee

Monotrypella subquadrata Ulrich.

Peronopora decipiens(Rominger).
(c) :

Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson).

_ Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall).

(c)
Stomatopora delicatula (James).
s inflata (Hall).

* For many of the factsin this paragraph I am indebted to Mr. E. O. Ulrich, whose
field investigations, particularly in Tennessee, promise to throw a great deal of light
upon the Richmond and other Ordivician formations.

go Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

BRACHIOPODA.

Crania lezlia Hall.
“<- scabiosa Hall, (ce)
Hebertella occidentalis Hall.
a sinuata Hall.
Platystrophia laticostata (James-
Meek), varieties.

Rafinesquina alternata .Conrad -
Emmons. (c)

Rhynchotrema capax (Conrad).(c)

Trematis millepunctata Hall.

Zygospira modesta Say-Hall.

PELECYPODA.

Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c)

Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall).

Ctenodonta recurva Ulrich.
Pterinea demissa Conrad. (c)

~ GASTROPODA.

Coleolus iowensis James.
Conularia formosa Millerand Dyer.
Cyclonema bilix (Conrad).
ws bilix-fluctuatum James.
Cyclora depressa Ulrich.
3 hoffinanni Miller.
a minuta Hall. (c)

Cyclora parvula (Hall).
Hyolithes parviusculus Hall.
Lophospira bowdeni Safford. (c)
4 tropidophora (Meek):
Microceras inornatum Hall. (c)
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c)
Schizolopha moorei Ulrich.

CEPHALOPODA.

Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall ?).

VERMES.

Cornulites sterlingensis (Meek and Worthen).
Nereidavus varians Grinnell.

CRUSTACEA.

Aparchites minutissimus (Hall).
Asaphus gigas DeKay.

as maximus Locke.
Bollia persuleata Ulrich. (c)

Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall).
Calymmene callicephala Green.
(c)

Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c)

POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Arthraria biclavata Miller.
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall.
a gracilis-crassa Hall.

Pasceolus globosus Billings.
Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem.

Lower Richmond Fauna.
In addition to the species in the foregoing list, the follow-
ing occur in the lower Richmond:

SPONGLA.

Brachiospongiatuberculata Jamies.
Dystactospongia minima Ulrich.

Hindia spheeroidalis-parva Ulrich.

42

The Geology of Cincinnati. gI

CGALENTERATA.

Calopeecia cribriformis Nicholson.
Columuaria alyeolata Goldfuss.
5: halli Nicholson.

Labechia ohioensis (Nicholson).
Megalograptus welchi Miller.

ECHINODERMATA.

Compsocrinus harrisi (Miller).
a miamiensis (Miller).
Cyclocystoides magnus Miller and
Dyer.
Cyclocystoides minus Miller and
Dyer.
Cyclocystoides mundulus Miller
and Dyer.
Cyclocystoides parvus Miller and
Dyer.
Dendrocrinus caduceus (Hall).
ie casei Meek.
erraticus Miller.
Gaurocrinus cognatus (Miller).
ss magnificus Miller.
ce nealli (Hall).
Glyptocrinus? fornshelli Miller.
5 richardsoni Wetherby.
Heterocrinus juvenis Hall.
Lichenocrinus affinis Miller.
Ohiocrinus oehanus (Ulrich).

ve

Palezaster exculptus Miller.
oe harrisi Miller.

longibrachiatus Miller.
magnificus Miller.
miamiensis Miller.
simplex Miller.
Paleeasterina approximata Miller

and Dyer.
Palzeasterina speciosa Miller and

Dyer.
Rhaphanocrinus sculptus( Miller).
Streptaster? septembrachiatus

(Miller and Dyer).
Tanaocrinus typus Wachsmuth

and Springer.
Teeniaster elegans Miller.

es miamiensis (Miller).
Urasterella grandis (Meek).
Xenocrinus baeri (Meek).
a penicillus Miller.

BRYOZOA.

Amplexopora pustulosa Ulrich.
Arthropora shafferi (Meek), va-
riety.
Atactopora sp.
Atactoporella schucherti Ulrich.
Batostoma varians (James). (c)
Berenicea primitiva Ulrich.
Bythopora delicatula (Jaines). (c)
a meeki (James). (c)_
Callopora subnodosa Ulrich.
“ sp.
Calloporella circularis (James).
Ceramoporella granulosa. Ulrich,
variety.
Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol-
son).
Ceramoporella whitei (James).

“cc sp.

Constellaria limitaris Ulrich.
Eridotrypa simulatrix Ulrich.
Graptodictya perelegans (Ulrich).
Helopora elegans, Ulrich.

e harrisi James.
Heterotrypa subramosa (Ulrich).
Heterotrypa subramosa - prolifica

Ulrich.
Homotrypa dawsoni (Nicholson).
. wortheni (James). (c)
a several undescribed
species.
Homotrypella sp.
Lioclemella subfusiformis (James)
Monticulipora sp.
Nicholsonella sp.
Pachydictya fenestelliformis
(Nicholson).

g2 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Paleschara beani (James).
Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson).
Ptilodictya flagellum Nicholson.
& nodosa James.
Rhinidictya lata (Ulrich).
Rhopalonaria venosa Ulrich.

Spatiopora corticans (Nicholson).
sf montifera Ulrich.
s tuberculata (Edwards
and Haime).
Spatiopora sp.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catazyga headi (Billings).
Dalmanella jugosa James.
Dinorthis scovillei (Miller).
Hebertella insculpta Hall.
Lingula vanhorni Miller.
Platystrophia cypha (James).
Rafinesquina alternata - alternis-
triata (Hall).

Rhynchotrema capax - perlamello-
sum (Whitfield).
Strophomena neglecta James.
~ nutans Meek.
& subtenta Conrad.
sulcata (Verneuil).
vetusta (James).
Trematis quincuncialis Miller and
Dyer.

PELECYPODA.

Anomalodonta alata Meek.
: costata James.
we gigantea Miller.
Byssonychia cultrata Ulrich.
“ grandis Ulrich.
Corallidomus concentricus Whit-
field.
Ctenodonta albertina Ulrich.
i iphigenia Billings.
= similis Ulrich.
Cuneamya curta Whitfield.
= miamiensis Hall and
Whitfield. —
Cuneaniya neglecta Meek.
ie scapha Hall and Whit-
field.
Cymatonota attenuata Ulrich.
- semistriata Ulrich.
typicalis Ulrich.
Eridonychia crenata Ulrich.
Lyrodesina major (Ulrich).
Modiolopsis concentrica Hall and
Whitfield.
Modiolopsis pholadiforinis Hall.
ee versaillesensis Miller.
Opisthoptera alternata Ulrich.

Opisthoptera extenuata Ulrich.
ss fissicosta Meek.
+: laticostata Ulrich.
Orthodesma contractum (Hall).
A curvatum Hall and
Whitfield.
Orthodesma cymbula Miller and
Faber.
Orthodesma rectum Hall and
Whitfield.
Orthodontiscus milleri (Meek ).
Psiloconcha elliptica Ulrich.
i grandis Ulrich.
= subrecta Ulrich.
Pterinea corrugata (James).
4 subquadrata James.
es welchi James. .
Sedgwickia? divaricata Hall and
Whitfield.
Sedgwickia? lunulata Whitfield.
Whitella carinata (Meek).
cs obliquata Ulrich.
of ohioensis Ulrich.
“ quadrangularis (Whitfield).
e subovata Ulrich.
os umbounata Ulrich.

44

The Geology of Cincinnati. 93

GASTROPODA.
Archinacella rugatina Ulrich. Plethospira striata Ulrich.
Conradella dyeri (Hall), Protowarthia morrowensis ( Miller
Cyclonema bilix-conicum Miller. and Dyer).
Cyrtolites ornatus Conrad. Protowarthia subcompressa Ulrich.
Helcionopsis striata Ulrich. Trochonema madisonense Ulrich.

Lophospira perlamellosa Ulrich.

CEPHALOPODA.
Cyrtoceras faberi James. Orthoceras fosteri Miller.
ss irregulare Wetherby. ee hallanum Miller.

Gomphoceras indianense Miller Trocholites circularis Miller and

and Faber. Dyer.
Orthoceras carleyi Hall and Whit-

field.

VERMES.
Spirorbis cincinnatiensis Miller and Dyer.
CRUSTACEA.

Acidaspis onealli Miller. Lichas harrisi Miller.
Beyrichia parallela Ulrich. Primitia glabra Ulrich.

Bollia pumila Ulrich. cP milleri Ulrich.
“regularis (Emmons). Tetradella lunatifera Ulrich. -
Ceratopsis chambersi - robusta : quadrilirata Hall and

Ulrich. Whitfield.
Ceraurus meekanus Miller. Tetradella quadrilirata - simplex
Dalmanites breviceps Hall. Ulrich.

Drepanella richardsoni (Miller). °

POSITION UNCERTAIN.
Faberia anomala Miller.

Trichophycus lanosum Miller and Dyer.

Middle Richmond Fauna.

In addition to the species previously given as ranging
through the Richmond, the following occur in these beds:

SPONGIA.
Streptospongia labyrinthica Ulrich.

CQ@LENTERATA.

Streptelasma divaricans (Nicholson).
Tetradium minus Safford, variety.

45

94 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ECHINODERMATA

Dendrocrinus polydactylus (Shu-
mard).
Lepadocrinus moorei (Meek).

Lepidodiscus faberi (Miller).

Lichenocrinus tuberculatus Miller.

BRYOZOA.

Batostoma sp.
Crepipora sp.
Heterotrypa affinis Ulrich.
Homotrypa wortheni (James).
s several undescribed
species.
Homotrypella sp.
" Leptotrypa stidhami Ulrich.
Lioclemella annulifera( Whitfield).

Mesotrypa patella (Ulrich).

Monticulipora levis Ulrich.
laevis - consimilis

Ulrich.

Monticulipora parasitica Ulrich.
2 sp.

Ptilodictya magnifica Miller.

plumaria James.

BRACHIOPODA.

Dinorthis subquadrata Hall.

Leptzena rhomboidalis (Wilckens).

Platystrophia acutilirata
rad). (c)

(Con-

Rhynchotrema dentatum (Hall).
(c)

Strophomena rugosa Blainville.

PELECYPODA.

Anoptera miseneri Ulrich.
Byssonychia obesa Ulrich.
richmondensis Ulrich.
robusta (Miller).
subrecta Ulrich.
tenuistriata Ulrich.
Clionychia excavata Ulrich.
Ctenodonta hilli (Miller).
Cyrtodonta cuneata (Miller).
* halli Nettleroth.

Ischyrodonta decipiens Ulrich.

" elongata Ulrich.

vc

Ischyrodonta miseneri Ulrich.
modioliformis Ulrich.
7 ovalis Ulrich.
truncata Ulrich.
Opisthoptera obliqua Ulrich.
Orthodesma subangulatum Ulrich.
Modiolodon declivis Ulrich.

Y subrectus Ulrich.
Rhytimya byrnesi (Miller).
Sphenolium cuneiforme (Miller).

richmondense Miller.

ac

GASTROPODA.

Archinacella indianensis (Miller).

= richmondensis Ulrich.
Bellerophon mohri Miller.

ey subangularis Ulrich.
Bucania crassa Ulrich.

‘s gorbyi (Miller).
simulatrix Ulrich.

Helicotoma marginata Ulrich.

Lophospira acuminata Ulrich.
ampla Ulrich.
Oxydiscus magnus (Miller).
Raphistoma richmondense Ulrich.
Salpingostoma richmondense
Ulrich.
Tentaculites richmondensis Miller

The Geology of Cincinnati. 5 95

CEPHALOPODA.
Cyrtoceras amcenum Miller, Gyroceras baeri (Meek and~
7 lysander Billings. Worthen).
Gomphoceras eos Hall and Whit-

~ field.
POSITION UNCERTAIN.

Solenopora compacta (Billings).
Strephochetus richmondensis Miller.

Upper Richmond Fauna.

Almost nothing is known as yet of these beds, their thick-
ness, distribution, and fossil contents. The list here given
is, therefore, probably, very incomplete. Some of the forms
given in the list of those ranging through the Richmond
occur in these beds, but perhaps not all given in that list.
Some of those in the following list may belong to lower beds:

SPONGILA.
Heterospongia aspera Ulrich. Heterospongia subramosa Ulrich.
. knotti Ulrich.
CQ@LENTERATA.
Beatricea nodulosa Billings. Labechia montifera Ulrich.
Le undulata Billings. é ohioensis Nicholson.

Columinaria alveolata Goldfuss.

BRACHIOPODA.

Zygospira kentuckyensis James.

PELECYPODA.

Ctenodonta cingulata (Ulrich).
Opisthoptera casei (Meek and Worthen).

GASTROPODA.
Lophospira ampla Ulrich.

CEPHALOPODA.

Cyrtocerina madisonensis Miller.

CRUSTACEA.

Entomis madisonensis Ulrich. Jonesella digitata Ulrich.
Eurychilina striatomarginata Leperditia ceecigena Miller.
(Miller). Primitia medialis Ulrich.
Isochilina subnodosa Ulrich,

variety.

96 ’ Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

3. LIST OF LOCALITIES.

For the convenience of students and collectors a list is here
given of exposures in the city of Cincinnati, and immediate
vicinity, where the various beds may be studied and their
fossils collected. The list is not exhaustive. Other expos-
ures of greater or less extent may be found. Grading and
other improvements are continually affording new exposures,
but from becoming overgrown and other causes, dumps, and
even cuts are in a few years spoiled for geological purposes.
All the strata have been exposed at one time or another, but
not all are now exposed. The list given must be regarded,
at best, as but temporary. On the map (Plate I), the location
of these exposures has been indicated, the abbreviations be-
ing placed as nearly as possible upon the exact locations.
The map is a partial reproduction of a part of the Cincin-
nati sheet of the Topographic Map of the U. S. Geological
Survey.

TRENTON PERIOD.

The principal exposures are on the south bank of the Ohio
from West Covington to Ludlow; at the mouth of the Lick-
ing River (Covington side); two outcrops on the west bank
of the Licking River in Covington; several small streams
flowing into the Licking south of Newport and Covington,
cut into the Trenton as well as afford exposures of the lower
Utica strata; débris from Trenton strata has been thrown
out in excavating the new water-works tunnels; the south
bank of the Ohio River in the vicinity of Fort Thomas shows
the Trenton outcropping; several quarries, now abandoned,
on the road between New Richmond and Point Pleasant, in
Clermont County, Ohio, have been opened in Trenton strata.

CINCINNATI PERIOD.
UTICA GROUP.

Lower Utica.—The lowest strata of the Utica may bé found
in the north bank of the Ohio in the First Ward (Fulton),
and in the south bank of the Ohio overlying the Trenton

48

The Geology of Cincinnatt. 97

between West Covington and Ludlow, but the exposures are ©
seldom satisfactory; the same strata may be seen overlying
the Trenton in the Ohio River bank near Fort Thomas.
Strata somewhat higher have been cut into along the line of
the Ludlow cars in West Covington, where the car line
leaves the river bank; also in a grading two or three blocks
south from the old “ Post & Co. factory,” on the south bank
of the Ohio, near Ludlow. The strata overlying these may
be seen in a creek south of Lexington Pike, shortly after
leaving Covington, near the ‘‘elbow;” probably, also, in
other streams, but the fossils can seldom be had without
“digging” for them. Many of the more delicate forms can
be obtained in no other way.

Middle Utica.—The middle and upper Utica are exposed
along the line of the Elberon Avenue cars in Sedamsville ;
in Fairmount, on Shadwell Street, one block south of West-
wood Avenue; in West Fork and its branches, west of Cum-
minsville; in Economy or West Covington, a block or two
distant from the line of the Ludlow cars; at Cote Brilliante,
in the southeastern part of Newport, Kentucky; at two or
three points along the line of the Monmouth cars south of
Newport; and at several points along the line of the Fort
Thomas cars.

Upper Utica.—Abuts on Clifton Avenue, under the Klm-
Street Incline Plane; across the valley, north from Dixmyth
Avenue, in West Clifton, is a good exposure; occasional ex-
posures also occur at other points in Clifton; West Fork
and some of its branches, west of Cumminsville, expose the
upper Utica; also the hillsides south of Newport and Cov-
ington show these strata at several places.

LORRAINE GROUP.

Mt. Hope Beds.—The best exposures known to the writer
are near Mt. Hope Road, on the southeastern slope of Price
Hill, and on Mitchell Avenue, in Avondale, near Rose Hill
Park. They may also be seen on Clifton Avenue, near the
Elm- Street Incline Plane, and in the quarry on the hill
nearest the Licking, immediately south of Newport.

49

98 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Fairmount Beds.—These are the beds usually opened in
quarries. The fossils are generally obtained by hunting over
the “‘dumps.”’ Quarries are found on Price Hill near Elberon
Avenue, and near Mt. Hope Road; in Fairmount; in North
Fairmount; on Robert Avenue, Westwood; on the north
side of Fairview hill; on Clifton Avenue opposite Burnet
Woods Park; on Madison Avenue, Walnut Hills; on the
east side of Reading Road or Hunt Street, south of McMillan
Street; on the hillsides south of Newport and Covington;
near St. Johns Park; on the hillside east of Madisonville.

Bellevue Beds.—These strata may be seen projecting near
the top of the hill at the Fairview Incline Plane; near the
top of the bluff on Clifton Avenue, just north of the bend,
not far from the Elm-Street Incline Plane; on Clifton
Avenue opposite Burnet Woods Park; and on Francisco
Street in Walnut Hills.

Corryville Beds.—Small exposures are found at several
places on Price Hill; a number of exposures may be seen on
Fairview Heights, within two or three blocks of the Fairview
Incline Plane; also on the north side of McMillan Street,
east of Fairview Avenue; and on McMillan Street east of
Reading Road.

Mt. Auburn Beds.—The street just east of the Water Tanks
on Price Hill (Grand Avenue) has been cut through these
beds; they are also exposed at and near the corner of Cal-
houn Street and Clifton Avenue.

Warren Beds.—These beds are not exposed at or near
Cincinnati. Streams in the vicinity of Lebanon and Ore-
gonia, Ohio, afford typical exposures.

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL PAPERS RELATING
TO THE GEOLOGY OF CINCINNATI.

1838.—Locke, John. Geological Report. (Second Ann. Report,
Geol. Sur. Staté of Ohio, Columbus, 1838, pp. 201-274, especially pp.
205-211.)

1873.— Newberry, J. S. Structure and Age of the Cincinnati Anti-
clinal. (Rep. Geol. Sur. ‘Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 93-103.) The Cincinnati
Group. (Ibid., pp. 116-126.)

50

The Geology of Cincinnati. 99

1873.-— Orton, Edward. Geology of the Cincinnati Group. (Rep.
Geol. Sur. Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 365-418.) The Geology of Hamilton
County. (Ibid., pp. 419-434.)

1879. —Miller, S. A. Report of Committee on Geological Nomen-
clature. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. His., I, 1879, pp. 193-194.)

1879.— James, U. P. Geological Nomenclature. The Cincinnati
Group —The “Hudson River Group.’ (The Paleontologist, No. 4,
July to, 1879, pp. 27, 28.) [Objects to the report of the Cincinnati Soc.
Nat. Hist. Committee on Geological Nomenclature.]

1882. —Linney, W. M. Notes on the Rocks of Central Kentucky.
(Geological Survey of Kentucky, J. R. Proctor, Director, 1882, pp. I-19.)

1886.— James, Joseph F. The Geology of Cincinnati. (Jour. Cin-
cinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., [X, 1886, pp. 20-31, 136-141.)

1887.— James, Joseph F. Account of a well drilled for oil or gas at
Oxford, Ohio, May and June, 1887. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist.,
X, 1887, pp. 70-77.)

1888.—Jamies, Joseph F. An ancient channel of the Ohio River at
Cincinnati. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, pp. 96-101.)

1888.— James, Joseph F. The Ivorydale well in Mill Creek valley.
(Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, pp. 102-104.)

1888.— Orton, Edward. The Geology of Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur.
Ohio, VI, 1888, pp. 4-10.)

1888.— Ulrich, E.O. A Correlation of the Lower Silurian Horizons
of Tennessee and of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys with those of
New York and Canada. (American Geologist, I, 1888, pp. 100-110,
179-190, 305-315; II, 1888, pp. 39-44.)

1889.— James, Joseph F. Remarks upon Sedimentation in the Cin-
cinnati Group. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 1889, pp. 34-36.)

1889.— Orton, Edward. The Trenton Limestone as a source of
Petroleum and Inflammable Gas in Ohio and Indiana. (Eighth Ann.
Rep. U. S. Geol. Sur., 1889, Part II, pp. 475-662, especially pp. 546-7,
556-8, 573-580. )

1889.— Perry, Nelson W. The Cincinnati Rocks; what has been
their physical history. (American Geologist, IV, 1889, pp. 326-336.)

1890.— Orton, Edward. Geological Scale and Geological Structure
of Ohio, (First Ann. Rep. Geol. Sur. Ohio. Third Organization.
Columbus, 1890, pp. 10-16.)

1891.— Foerste, Aug. F. The Age of the Cincinnati Anticlinal.
(American Geologist, VII, 1891, pp. 97-109.)

1891.— James, Joseph F., On the Age of the Pt. Pleasant, Ohio,
Beds. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, pp. 93-104.)

1895.— Orton, Edward. Geological Scale and Geological Structure
of Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur. Ohio, VII, 1893 [1895], pp. 4-9.)

51

100 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

1898.— Fowke, Gerard. Pre-glacial Drainage in the Vicinity of
Cincinnati; its relation to the origin of the modern Ohio River, and
its bearing upon the question of the southern limits of the ice-sheet.
(Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., XI, 1898, pp. I-10.)

1900.— Fowke, Gerard. Pre-glacial Drainage Conditions in the
Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. (Ohio State Academy of Science, Special
Papers, No. 3, 1900, pp. 68-75.)

1901.—Cumings, Edgar R. A Section of the Upper Ordovician at
Vevay, Indiana. (American Geologist, XXVIII, 1go1, pp. 361-381, pls.
XXXIV, XXXv.)

1898.— United States Geological Survey. Topographic Map. East
and West Cincinnati Quadrangles. Surveyed in 1898. Contour
interval, 20 feet.

CATALOGUES OF CINCINNATI FOSSILS.

1871.— James, U. P. Catalogue of the Lower Silurian Fossils, Cin-
cinnati Group, found at Cincinnati and vicinity — within a rangé of
forty or fifty miles. Cincinnati, 1871. I4pp. Second Edition, April,
1875. 8pp. Supplement, July 10, 1879, in Paleontologist, No. 4, 1879,
Pp. 29-32.

1873.— Orton, Edward. Catalogue of the Described Fossils of the
Cincinnati Group as shown in southwestern Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur.
Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 400-411.)

1878.— Mickleborough, John, and Wetherby, A.G. A Classified List
of Lower Silurian Fossils, Cincinnati Group. (Jour Cincinnati Soc.
Nat. Hist., I, 1878, pp. 61-86.)

1879.— Miller, S. A. Catalogue of Fossils found in the Hudson
River, Utica Slate, and Trenton Groups, as exposed in the southeast
part of Indiana, southwest part of Ohio, and northern part of Ken-
tucky. (Eighth-Ninth-Tenth Ann. Reports [one volume] Geol. Sur.
Indiana, 1879, pp. 22-56.)

1880.— Ulrich, E.O. Catalogue of Fossils occurring in the Cincin-
nati Group of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Cincinnati, 1850. 31Ipp.

1881.— James, Joseph F. Catalogue of the Fossils of the Cincin-
nati Group. Cincinnati, 1881. 27pp.

1896.— Harper, G. W., and Bassler, R. S. Catalogue of the Fossils
of the Trenton and Cincinnati Periods, occurring in the vicinity of
Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, 1896. 34pp.

52

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Gras Mt diel Ges bewimonisen 4
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Lo= Bellevue a Lorraine
Teel eaten ae pan 3 Contour Interval -- 100 Feet
Datum::- Sea Leyel.
0 % 1 Scale. 5 3 Miles

2 VI, / Fo ava es o 6

EXPOSURES

SW Wedel.

doc. Ratural History.

ty

rm Mens need liad nl Mie oy a ACESS
jay 4 : apes eT QP Tt,
: Ty y | oa

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A New Bryozoan, Homotrypa Basslert. 103,

ARTICLE IV.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BRYO-
ZOAN, “HOMOTRYPA BASSLERI” n. sp., FROM
THE WARREN BEDS OF THE LORRAINE GROUP.

By JOHN M. NICKLES.
HOMOTRYPA BASSLERI 0. sp.

Zoarium dwarfish in habit of growth, consisting of flattened,
branching fronds, which have gradually expanded from
almost cylindrical stems without increasing any in thickness.
No specimens showing basal portion or mode of attachment
have been observed. Branches usually given off in the
same plane as the frond, oftenest by bifurcation, though they
are sometimes given off from the side. Examples used in
preparing this description, none of them complete, vary from
15 to 32 mm. in height, from 5 to 9 mm. in width, and are
about 3 mm. in thickness. Surface studded with low,
rounded monticules, a little over one mm. in diameter, and
from one to two mm.apart; rarely the monticules are almost
obsolete. Apertures rather small, 9 or 10 in 2 mm., sub-
circular or subangular, often a little oblique to the surface;
on the monticules the apertures, as is commonly the case, are
a trifle larger than the others. In the axial region the
zocecia have very thin walls, rather less flexuous and crinkled
than is the rule in this genus; the zocecia bend rather
abruptly to the peripheral region, where they have their walls
much thickened; after making the turn they proceed at right
angles to the surface in some specimens, in others a little
obliquely. No diaphragms developed in the axial region and
but very few in the mature region. Cystiphragms line the
upper side of the zocecia in a single row in the peripheral
region, their walls attenuating toward the back, indicating
that in the living state calcification was more or less incom-
plete. The arrangement of the layers forming the walls is
well shown in the enlarged view of a tangential section of a
single cell, Figure 5, which shows also the appearance of the
cystiphragms when cut across, and the structure of the

Jour. Crn. Soc. Nat. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 2. I PRINTED JANUARY 10, 1902.

104 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

acanthopores. Acanthopores about twice as numerous as the
cells, not conspicuous; few specimens show them on the
surface. A small number of irregular, angular interspaces
simulating mesopores are seen in tangential sections and also
on the surface.

Figures 1 and 2.— Natural size views of two rather large examples,
neither complete. Figure 3.— Portion of a vertical section, 20.
Figure 4.— Portion of a tangential section, x 20. Figure 5.— A tan-
gential section of a single zocecium, showing wall structure and
structure of acanthopores, X 40.

This species is so readily distinguished by its small, dwarf-
ish, flattened growth, tuberculated surface and small aper-
tures from all bryozoa found associated in the same beds,
and from other species of the genus hitherto described, that
detailed comparison seems unnecessary. It belongs to a
section of the genus Homotrypa, which attains a wide devel-
opment in the Richmond group.

2

A New Bryozoan Homotrypa Basslert., 105

It seems a little singular that the genus Homotrypa, while
well represented in the various groups of the Trenton period,
is practically lacking in the Utica and sparingly developed
in the Lorraine, with from one to three characteristic species
in each of its divisions, except the lowest; in the Richmond
the genus becomes very prolific in species. A very large
number of new species, principally from the Richmond, are
known that await description.

This species was discovered by the writer while collecting
fossils in company with Messrs. E. O. Ulrich and R. S.
Bassler, in June, 1899, in the vicinity of Oregonia and
Lebanon, Ohio. It was at this time, also, that it was recog-
nized that these beds form the highest division of the Lor-
raine. While not ranging entirely through the Warren beds
of the Lorraine group, this species is one of the most charac-
teristic fossils of these beds, and is restricted to them.

The specific name is given in honor of my esteemed friend
and former co-worker, Mr. R. S. Bassler, now of the U. S.
National Museum.

Formation and locality: A common and _ characteristic
species of the Warren beds which form the uppermost
division of the Lorraine group of the Cincinnati period.
The specimens studied were collected in the vicinity of
Lebanon, Ohio; and near Oregonia, Ohio.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 4, add: Clzvina analis Putz.

ce

oe

7h Dicelus ambiguus Lat.
Te (HYDROPHILIDA) Aydrena pennsylvanica
Kies.
Mee Pa Ptomaphagus oblitus Lec.

18, leave out: Microcyptus testaceus.

19, add: Oxyporus quinquemaculatus Lec.

HOE hi Lispinus exiguus Er.

20, for Photinus read: Pyrotinus.

20, add: (TRICHOPTERYGIDA) Limulodes paradoxus
Matth.

7 SR (PHALACRID) Phalacrus politus Melsh.

22, line 2, for noveninotata read: xovemmnotata.

22, line 12, for bivulneratus read: dzvulnerus.

22,add: (ENDOMYCHIDA) Mycetea hirta Marsh.

23, line 18, for bivittatus Gerst, read: d7gutlatus Say.

26, add: Jno reclusa Lec.

alee Dermestes caninus Germ.

oh Byturus unicolor Say.

Be iy: Cryptorhopalum triste Lec.

Say 4: Saprinus lugens Er.

29, for AULETES read ASLETES, and add: @. politus
ec: ;

30, add: Brachypterus urtice Fab.

7 (TROGOSITIDA) Lycoptus villosus Csy.

gee aes Limnichus punctatus Lec.

ee (PARNID) Psephenus lecontet Lec.

Lutrochus luteus Tec.
Dryops lithophilus Germ.
D. fastigiatus Say.
Stenelmis linearis Zinm.
S. bicarinatus Lec.

S. crenatus Say.

Page 36, add: Slater sayi Lec. .

ae ila Actenodes mendax Horn.

41, under Pyractomena, retain P. angulata and lucifera, and
insert the genus PHO7/NUS, comprising the
species, pyralis, marginellus, and scintillans.

‘““ a1, add: TZytthonyx erythrocephalus Fab.

BG Sy pte (PTINID) Lasioderma serricorne Fab.

45, leave out: Sinoxylon sextuberculatum.

‘* 46, for Sphindus denticollis, read: Odontosphindus dentt-

ae

collis Lec.
‘* 46, add: Sphindus americanus Lec.
ea At (LUCANID) Ceruchus piceus Web.
go We: To a Aphodius vittatus Say.

ae ee

50, Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv.
57, line 2, for submarginatus, read: subarmatus.
57, add: Saperda candida Fab.

ihc oie iE Orsodacna atra Ahr.

Pi oa) Pent Diphautlaca bicolorata Horn.
bey 0) bial Flaltica bimarginata Say.

ty MODS io Chetocnema minutum*® Melsh.

62, leave out: Longitarsus solidaginis Horn.

65, after description of Hypophlceus rugosus, add:

Prof. E. A. Schwarz, of the U. S. National Museum,
suggests that this may bea form of Lyphia ficicola Mul-
sant, which has been taken at Washington, D. C., where
it is said to have been introduced. My specimens oc-
curred in numbers under the bark of old logs, in thick
woods, several years in succession, and were evidently
breeding, as they were in couples. L,. ficicola is said
to live in figs. ;

“* 75, for AMNESIA, read: ANAMETIS.

79, last line, for angusta, read: angustula.

81, Dryotribus mimeticus is a maritime species. The speci-
men said to have been found here, may have been
accidentally brought in with white sand from the
Gulf coast.

*In this, as in many other instances in the present paper, the termination of the
specific name has been changed so as to conform to the grammatical gender of the gen-
eric name, even though contrary to established usage. For these changes the Editor of
the Journal is, alone, responsible. a

&

ATURAL HIS

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 107

ARTICLE V.—A REVISED LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA
OBSERVED NEAR CINCINNATI, OHIO,

WITH NOTES ON LOCALITIES, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES,
AND DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES.

By CHARLES Dury.

In this journal, October, 1879, I published a list of the Coleop-
tera observed in the vicinity of Cincinnati, enumerating 1,419
species. In stipplemental papers (1882) added 179 species.
Long continued and more careful collecting has revealed many
other, rare and interesting forms. Changes in environment that
have taken place, have caused many species to become rare or.
disappear altogether, while some new to the locality have been
introduced. Conspicuous among these are the destructive ‘clover
root beetle” (Phytonomus punctatus) and the “pea green Dia-
brotica” (Diabrotica longicormis), etc. Some others that are
perhaps beneficial have also made their appearance, among which
may be mentioned the large showy “Lady bugs” Coccinella
(Neoharmoma) venusta and notulata.

The area covered in making the collections, on which this list is
based, is the same as that given in former list mentioned above.
The twenty-three years that have elapsed since that publication
has wrought great changes in the local collectors of Coleoptera,
all, save one, having either gone to their last resting places or
removed from the state. But few new workers in this interesting
order have come into the field. Annette Braun, with mother and
sister, have made a very fine collection of local insects and added
some rare species to the fauna of the locality. Their well pre-
pared material can not be surpassed. Our dear, old friend, Dr.
Geo. H. Horn, of Philadelphia, died November 25, 1897. His
loss was a calamity severely felt by students of Nortlf American
Coleoptera. His many excellent papers and the thousands of
specimens gratuitously determined by him for others, bear testi-
mony to the vast amount of work done by this unassuming and
talented gentleman. And all this accomplished in moments
snatched from a busy professional life, actuated only by love of
the science.

Four hundred and forty-eight of this list were originally de-
scribed by Thos. Say, the pioneer entomologist who lived at New
Harmony, Ind., the faunze of Cincinnati and of that place being
almost identical. I can not too strongly urge our young people
to study the insects, or some other branch of Nature’s creatures.

it

108 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Her methods are so fascinating and wonderful. As I look back
over the past thirty years, much of which time has been spent
in fields and woods, it brings back only one regret, and that is,
that I can not go over it all again. It has been one long round
of health-giving pleasure. Our beautiful woodland, with its
wealth of varied bird, insect and plant life, is a revelation to those
whose eyes become trained to see and understand nature’s beau-
ties. During the warmer months the forest is alive with insects,
all striving to accomplish the great purpose with which they are
endowed, the perpetuation of the species. Many of them em-
ploying the most intelligent and cunning devices to accomplish
this end.

In answer to the often repeated question “what books shall IJ
get to help in a study of Coleoptera,’ I enumerate some of those
which I have found most useful. The word “Jyrans.,’ often used,
refers to the Transactions of the American Entomological Society
of Philadelphia. Such papers as are not out of print can be fur-
nished by the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Some
general works that are very desirable to students are classification
of the “Coleoptera of North America,” and “Rhyncophora,” by
LeConte and Horn; Packard’s “Guide to the Study of Insects ;”
Comstock’s “Manual ;” papers on North American Coleoptera, by
Maj. Thos. L. Casey, published in annals of New York Academy
of Sciences, and New York Entomological Soc.; “Fifth Annual
Report of the Entomologist of Minn.,” by our lamented friend
Prof. Lugger (his reports on the other orders are very valuable
also).

This list enumerates 64 families, 828 genera and 1,888 species,
and describes 6 new ones.

CINCINDELIDZ.
‘igen Beetles:
TETRACHA.
. T. virginica Linn.

CICINDELA.

unipunctata Fab.
. sexguttata Fab.
purpurea Oliv.
formosa Say.
generosa De}.
vulgaris Say.

repanda De}.
hirticollis Say.
punctulata Fab.
cuprascens Lec.
marginipennis De}.

omelelelelele
elelelele

. purpurea was taken here years ago, and again recently. 1

never saw Tetracha virginica here, until 1899. June 28, 19009,

they were flying and running about under the electric lights by
es

~

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. | 109

hundreds. Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1883, p. 77, says of this
species: “winged, but does not fly.” It does fly nevertheless.
They occur here from June to October 2.

C. marginipennis was never observed here until May 17, 1899,
when about 25 were taken near Batavia Junction, on a sand bar
of the Little Miami river.

C. cuprascens occurs on the sand bars of the Ohio river in vast
numbers. C. untpunctata and C. sexguttata live in the woods.
C. generosa and C. formosa occur in sand pits. C. punctulata
occurs everywhere. Most of the others are found along sandy
flats and banks of streams. ‘They are very active, and a good net
is required to effect their capture. For a Monograph of Cincin-
delidze see Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Soc., Nov., 1883, and
Revision of the Cicindelidze of Boreal America, by Chas. W. Leng,
Trans. xxviil, 1902, p. 93. This exhaustive and complete paper
just received. Every student should have a copy.

CARABID/A.
“Rapacious Ground Beetles.”
OMOPHRON.
O. robustum Horn. QO. tessellatum Say.

©. americanum Dej.

The sandy shores of Mill Creek was the home of these curious
little bettles; hundreds could be secured by throwing water over
the sloping banks, when Omophron, with many other small beetles,
would emerge and run up the banks, some of the Carabidz and
Heteroceridz instantly taking flight. Omophron however do not
fly and were easily captured. On July 10, 1878, I took 365,
divided as follows, 180 O. tessellatum, 147 O. robustum, and 38
O. americanum. Then, Mill Creek was clean, with sandy banks
and pebbly bottom. Now it has become a vile open sewer, the
sand is saturated with sewage, which decays and gives off deadly
gases, destroying all fish and insect life. For synoptic table of
Omophron see Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 71.

CYCHRUS.
C. stenostomus Web. C. elevatus var. heros Harr.
C. lecontei Dej. C. andrewsii Bland.

C. canadensis Chd.

All Cychrus have become rare here. I have not seen C. an-
drewsi or C. heros for years. C. heros, when living is one of
the most beautiful of the genus, its rich, purple color and grace-
ful form renders it very conspicuous. We trapped many C. heros
by placing flat stones along the edge of woods, finding the beetles
concealed beneath.

2
o

110 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CARABUS.
C. limbatus Say. C. vinctus Web.
CALOSOMA.,
C. externum Say. C. sayii Dej.
C. scrutator Fab. C. calidum Fab.
C. wilcoxi Lec.

C. sayu is rare here, the others common. The electric lights
attract great numbers of these useful beetles, many of which are
crushed and otherwise destroyed. During May, 1902, C.
scrutator was abundant, feeding on “canker worms.”

ELAPHRUS.
FE. ruscarius Linn.
Found about wet places, where it runs over the moist ground.
NOTIOPHILUS.
N. semistriatus Say. N. sibericus Mots.

Notiophilus lives under moist decaying leaves. Alongside oi
an old barn I took hundreds of these active beetles. They were
concealed under rubbish and fallen grass.

NEBRIA.
N. pallipes Say.
PASIMACHUS,
P. elongatus Lec. P. punctulatus Hald.
SCARITES.

S.:subterraneus Fab.

DYSCHIRIUS.
D. hzmorrhoidalis Dej. D. erythrocerus Lec.
D. longulus Lec. D. brevispinus Lec.
D. globulosus Say. D. hispidus Lec.
D. sphezericollis Say.

Dyschirius are abundant, if looked for along the sandy shores
of streams and will come out when water is thrown over the sand.

CLIVINA. .
C. dentipes Dej. C. bipunctata Fabr.
C. impressifrons Lec. C. postica Lec:
Cy collars Frost C. rubicunda Lec.
SCHIZOGENIUS.
S. lineolatus Say. S. ferrugineus Putz.

4

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. : 111

ARDISTOMIS.
A. viridis Say. A. puncticollis Putz.

The last three genera, like Dyschirius, can be found abundantly
along the shores of rivers and creeks.

PANAGAUS.

P. crucigerus Say. P. fasciatus Say.

Both species were always rare here. Have taken them hiding
under drift-wood on bank of Ohio river.

BEMBIDIUM.

. picipes Kby.

. cordatum Lec.

. dorsale Say.

. variegatum Say.
intermedium Kby.

. versicolor Lec.
quadrimaculatum Linn.
. affine Say.

. levigatum Say.

. ineequale Say.

. punctatostriatum Say.
coxendix Say.
confusum Hayward.
americanum Dej.

-honestum Say.

. chalceum De}.

. nigrum Say.

The Bembidium are abundant along the shores of streams.
They are active little things, running rapidly when disturbed,
quickly hiding under stones or in cracks in the ground. The spe-
cies are rather difficult to separate unless named types are avail-
able for comparison. ‘The latest paper on the genus is one by
Roland Hayward: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. xxiv, p. 4.

cclluslosMeclosleslosleslss
cchesMesluclosloslesise

ANILLUS.
A. fortis Horn.

I have only taken a single specimen of this minute, pale, eyeless
carabid. It was under a flat stone, where a colony of pale ants
had their nest. A cluster of Microcyptus testaceus were also
present in the nest.

TACHYS.
T. scitulus Lec. ia cleevas, Sage
T. nanus Gyll. T. incurvus Say.
T. flavicaudus Say. Do wivax Lec
T. tripunctatus Say. T. xanthopus De7.
T. ferrugineus Dej. T. dolosus Lec.
T. granarius De}.

Tachys are found in various places, under bark, in decaying
wood, along the shores of streams, etc. TJ. laevis is the smallest
carabid I have taken here, being only 2.75 mm. long. The latest
paper on the genus is by R. Hayward: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
vol. XXVI, p. IOI.

5

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

PERICOMPSUS.
P. sellatus Lec.

PATROBUS.
P. longicornis Say.

ZUPHIUM,

Z. americanum Dej.

TETRAGONODERUS.
T. fasciatus Hald.

LEBIA.

ornata Say.
analis De}.
fuscata De}.
abdominalis Chd.
scapularis Dey.
vittata Fab.

grandis Hentz.
atriventris Say.
pulchella Dej.
viridis Say.
pumila Dej.
viridipennis Dej.
lobulata Lec.

Ss San ae a
Sac a ee

COPTODERA.
C. xrata Dej.

This species is always found under the loose bark of trees and
not beaten from vegetation as are many of the Lebia.

DROMIUS.
D. piceus Dej. D. quadricollis Lec.
BLECHRUS.
B. pusio Lec.
CALLIDA.
C. punctata Lec.

PLOCHIONUS.
P. timidus Hald.

MYAS.
M. coracinus Say. M. cyanescens Dej.
I never found either of these pretty blue species abundantly,
of the first about eight, and the second only one, in over twenty-
five years collecting.

PTEROSTICHUS.
P. adoxus Say. P. rostratus Newm.
P. obsoletus Say. P. stygicus Say.
P. honestus Say. P. permundus Say.
P. obscurus Say. P. sayii Brulle.
P. femoralis Kby. P. tartaricus Say.

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 113

P. lacrymosus Newm. P. lucublandus Say.

P. coracinus Newm. P. mutus Say.

The species of Pterostichus are quite difficult to separate. This
is particularly the case with the black species, where the series is
large. For a synopsis of the genus see Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc.,
1882, vol. v.

EVARTHRUS.
E. seximpressus Lec. FE. acutus Lec.
E. sigillatus Say. E. sodalis Lec.
E. americanus Dej. E. furtivus Lec,
AMARA.
A. avida Say. Ax fallax Le.
A. furtiva Say. A. polita Lec.
ee exataras eT. A. interstitialis De7.
A. angustata Say. A. terrestris Lec.
A. impuncticollis Say. A. musculus Say.

A. cupreolata Putz

To identify the species of Amara see synoptic table by Horn:
Trans., 1875, vol. v, p. 127-8. They are a difficult group.

LOXANDRUS.
L. erraticus Dey. L. minor Chd.
Loxandrus, for some unknown reason, is exceedingly rare here.
I have only taken three or four specimens in many years. When
fresh, some of the species have a beautiful “mother of pearl”
iridescence.
DICELUS.

D. dilatatus Say. D. ovalis Lec.

D. purpuratus Bon. D. elongatus Bon.
D. sculptilis Say. Db: teter bon:

D. furvus De}. D. politus Dej.

Dicelus are large and common beetles, easily separated. See
synoptic table by Horn: Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1880, vol. 111,

Ppp. 51-52.

CALATHUS.
C. gregarius Say. C. opaculus Lec.
PLATYNUS.
P. caudatus Lec. P. crenistriatus Lec.
P. hypolithus Say. P. rubripes Zimm.
P. sinuatus Dej. P. punctiformis Say.
P. extensicollis Say. P. ruficornis Lec.
P. viridis Lec. P. octopunctatus Fab.
P. ferreus Hald. P. placidus Say.
P. melanarius Dej. P. excavatus Dej.

114 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

P. atratus Lec. P. obsoletus Say.
P. variolatus Lec. P. zruginosus De}.

The Platynus are more or less abundant, except P. caudatus.
Of this odd looking species, only one specimen has ever been
taken here, and that was found by Dr. .J. M. Crawford on the
shore of a creek, under a stone.

OLISTHOPUS.

O. parmatus Say.
PERIGONA.
P. nigriceps Dej.
EUPHORTICUS.
E. pubescens Dey.

ATRANUS.
A. pubescens Dey.

LEPTOTRACHELUS.
L. dorsalis Fab.

CASNONIA.
C. pennsylvanica Linn.

GALERITA.
G. janus Fab. G. bicolor Drury.
PINACODERA.
P. limbata Dej.

CYMINDIS.

C. americana De}. C. pilosa Say.
APENES. .
A. lucidula Dey. A. sinuata Say.
HELLUOMORPHA.

H. przusta De}. H. bicolor Harr.
BRACHYNUS.

B. americanus Lec. B. fumans Fab.

B. perplexus Dey. B. cordicollis Dey.
CHLAENIUS.

C. erythropus Germ. C. tricolor Dej.

C. sericeus, /orst. C. brevilabris Lec.

C. diffinis Chd. C. pennsylvanicus Say.

C. prasinus Dej. ; C. impunctifrons Say.

C. leucoscelis Cher. C. tomentosus Say.

C. nemoralis Say.

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. lal

ANOMOGLOSSUS.
A. emarginatus Say. A. pusillus Say.
BRACHYLOBUS.
B, lithophilus Say.
OODES.
O. cupreus Chd. O. 14 striatus Chd.
GEOPINUS.
G. incrassatus Dej.

This species burrows deeply in the sand, where it lives. I have
trapped them by laying a flat board on the sand, and in wet
weather they come to the surface, and hide under the board.

CRATACANTHUS.
C. dubius Beauv.

AGONODERUS.
A. lineola Fab. A. partiarius Say.
A. infuscatus Dej. A. indistinctus Dej.
A. pallipes Fab. A. testaceus Dej.

HARPALUS.

H. dichrous Dej. H. faunus Say.
H. vulpeculus Say. H. herbivagus Say.
H. caliginosus Fab. H. nitidulus Chd.
i ehtaticus Sas wiimoranis ee:
H. pennsylvanicus De G. H. testaceus Lec.
H. longior Kby.

During nights of August 6 and 7, 1890, swarms of H. caligi-
nosus came into Cincinnati, attracted by the electric lights. The

streets and sidewalks were covered in places with their crushed
remains.

SELENOPHORUS.
S. gagatinus Dej. S. conjunctus Say.

| STENOLOPHUS.
S. ochropezus Say.

BRADYCELLUS.
B. rupestris Say.

TACHYCELLUS.

T. atrimedius Say. T. badiipennis Hald.
ANISODACTYLUS. ;

A. interstitialis Say. A. baltimorensis Say.

A. rusticus De]. A. piceus Men.

A. carbonarius Say. A. terminatus Say.

116 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

A. agricola Say. A. nitidipennis Lec.
A. harrisii Lec. A. lugubris De].
A. discoideus De}. A. sericeus Harr.

Synoptic tables of many of the families of CARABIDZ can be
found in Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc. from 1879 to 1882.

HALIPLIDZE.

“Crawling Water Beetles.”

HALIPLUS.
H. punctatus Aube. H. ruficollis De G.

CNEMIDOTUS.
C. simplex Lec. C. edentulus Lec.
C. duodecimpunctatus Say.

These little beetles crawl about over aquatic plants, the bottom
of ponds and creeks. They are not nearly as active as the follow-
ing families. All of the aquatic beetles can be captured by dredg-
ing with a strongly made wire net, with small mesh.

DYSEISCID AS,

HYDROCANTHUS.
H. iricolor Say.

LACCOPHILUS.
L. maculosus Germ. L. fasciatus Aube.
L. proximus Say.
_ HYDROVATUS.
H. cuspidatus Germ.
BIDESSUS.
B. affinis Say. B. undescribed species.
B. lacustris Say.
CCELAMBUS.
C. acaroides Lec. C. nubilus Lec.
C. turbidus Lec.
HYDROPORUS.
H. concinnus Lec. H. consimilis Lec.
H. pulcher Lec. . H. modestus Aube.
H. undulatus Say.
ILYBIUS.

I. biguttatus Germ.
COPTOTOMUS.
C. interrogatus Fab.
10

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 117

COPELATUS.

C. glyphicus Say.
MATUS.

M. bicarinatus Say.
AGABUS.

A. stagninus Say. A. teniolatus Harr.
A. semivittatus Lec.

I have found this last species feeding on a bit of earth worm,
floating in water. Placing my net under the worm, and raising 1%
up, I counted 43 of the beetles.

DYTISCUS.

D. fasciventris Say. D. harrisii Kby.

D. hybridus Aube.
ACILIUS.

A. semisulcatus Aube. A. fraternus Harr.

THERMONECTES.

T. basilaris Harr. T. fasciaticollis Harr.

CYBISTER.

C. fimbriolatus Say.

GYRINID-A.
“Surface Whirligigs.”
GYRINUS.
G. confinis Lec. G. lugens Lec.
G. analis Say.
DINEUTUS.
D. discolor Aube. D. assimilis Aube.
HYDROPHIEIDA:
HELOPHORUS.
H. lineatus Say.
HYDROPHILUS.
H. ovatus H. & G. H. glaber Hbst.
H. triangularis Say. H. striolatus Lec.

H. nimbatus Say.

Excepting Dytiseus harrisi, the first two are the largest water
beetles found here. H. ovatus is shorter and broader and has the
triangular piece, into which the anterior end of the sternal spine

rests, open. H. triangularis is very common, and has the triangle
mentioned above closed and complete.

alr

118 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

HYDROCHARIS.
H. obtusatus Say.
BEROSUS.
B. peregrinus Hbst. B. striatus Say.
LACCOBIUS.
L. agilis Rand.
PHILHYDRUS.
P. nebulosus Say. P. cinctus Say.
P. ochraceus Mels.
HYDROCOMBUS.
H. maculicollis Muls. H. fimbriatus Mels.
HYDROBIUS.
H. globosus Say. H. subcupreus Say.
CERCYON.
C. pubescens Lec. C. hemorhoidale Fab.
C. pretextatum Say.
PHANONOTUM.

P. extricatum Say.
MEGASTERNUM.
M. costatum Lec.

CRYPTOPLEURUM.
C. vagans Lec.

LEPTINIDA.
“Mammal Nest Dwellers.”

LEPTINUS.
L. testaceus Mirell.

This curious little flat, pale, eyeless beetle, I have found only
in the nests of small mammals, such as field mice, etc. From one
nest I took 90 specimens, and many escaped by running away so
rapidly I was unable to gather them all. I think they are only
guests of the animals, as I have found them in nests that have
been long since deserted by the animals. See note, “What I found

in nest of field mouse.” This Journal, 1892.

Sleep As,
“Carrion Beetles.”’
NECROPHORUS.

N. americanus Oliv, N. marginatus Fab.
12

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 119

N. sayi Lap. N. tomentosus Web.
N. orbicollis Say.

These large showy beetles are ill-smelling things, and when
pinned, turn dark in drying and lose the bright yellow colors.
Their appearance and smell can be much improved in preparing
them for the cabinet, by making an opening between the segments
and scraping out the soft parts. Then soak them for several days
in ether or gasoline, after which fill up with cotton that has been
dampened in carbolic acid, alcohol and corrosive sublimate. To
secure specimens, place a dead mole, rat or bird in a suitable place,
cover up lightly with bark or grass, and visit it daily during June,
July, August and September.

SILPHA.
S. surinamensis Fab. S. noveboracensis Forst.
S. ineequalis Fab. S. americana Linn.

These frequent the same “banquet hall” as the above and
require the same treatment. I have observed S$. swrinamensis
feeding on the plump maggots of the “Blue fly.” They were
chewing them up at a lively rate.

NECROPHILUS.
N. pettiti Horn.

A rare species I have only found on fungus growing in thick
woods.

CHOLEVA.
C. simplex Say. C. clavicornis Lec.
C. basillaris Say. C. terminans Lec.

These and the next occur on decaying vegetable and animal
matter. I have also taken five specimens in nest of a mouse,
ime: £2;

PRIONOCH ATA.

P. opaca Say.
PTOMAPHAGUS.,

P. consobrinus Lec. P. parasitus Lec.
P. pusio Lec.

P. parasitus 1 find abundantly in the subterranean nests of a
large black ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus). July 21, 1891, I
took 35 from a nest in an orchard. This ant makes nests in
honeycombed trees and logs, and also in the ground.

COLON.
C. hubbardi Horn. C. undescribed species.
COLENIS.
C. impunctata Lec.

13

120 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

LIODES.

Le polita Wee. L. obsoleta Horn.
L. discolor Melch. L.. basilis Lee.

L. blanchardi Horn, IL. dichroa Lec.

Liodes are abundant in patches of powdery fungus that grows
on logs and dead trees.

AGATHIDIUM.
A. oniscoides Beauv. A. pulchrum Lec.
A. exiguum Melsh.

SCYDMAENIDE.

Minute hairy brown beetles in which the elytra cover the
dorsal segments of abdomen.
CHEVROLATIA.
C. ameena Lec.

More than twenty years ago, I took one specimen of this
exceedingly rare species, and have never ceased hunting for others,
whenever an opportunity offered, but without success.

SCYDMENUS.

S. cribrarius Lec. S. clavipes Say.

S. flavitarsus Lec. S. salinator Lec.

S. capillosulus Lec. S. bicolor Schauff.

SJianalis ec . §. brevicornis Say.
EUMICRUS.

E. motschulskii Lec. E. floridanus Casey.

E. grossus Lec.
CHOLERUS.

C. zimmermani Schaum.
CEPHENNIUM.
C. corporosum Lec.

See Le Conte in Proc. Acad., 1852; also, “Coleopterological
Notices: VII.”, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sciences vol. 1x, p. 351, by
Maj. Casey.

PSELAPEHIDAS.

Minute brown beetles with the elytra not covering the dorsal
abdominal segments. Segments not freely moveable.
ADRANES.
A. lecontei Brend.
ATINUS.
A. monilicornis Brend.
14

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 121

CEOPHYLLUS.
C. monilis Lec.

CEDIUS.
G:pzeigier Lec: C. spinosus Lec.
TMESIPHORUS.
T. costalis Lec. T. carinatus Lec.
CTENISTES.
G., piceus Lec. C. consobrinus Lec.
C. zimmermani Lec.
TYRUS.

T. humeralis Aube.
TYCHUS.

T. minor Lec.
MACH AERODES.
M. tychoides Brend.
VERTICINOTUS.
V. cornutus Brend.

BATRISUS.
B. confinis Lec. B. riparius Say.
B. monstrosus Lec. B. globosus Lec.
B. ferox Lec. : B. nigricans Lec.
B. frontalis Lec. B. spretus Lec.
FARONUS.

Raucoluiedcec:

See note on this species in this Journal, vol. x1x (1898), p. 139.

BRYAXIS,
B. illinoiensis Brend. B. rubicunda Aube.
B. abdominalis Aube. B. congener Brend.
B. gracilis Casey.

RHEXIUS.

R. insculptus Lec.
TRIMIUM.

T. parvulum Lec.
EUPLECTUS.

E. linearis Lec. FE. interruptus Lec.
E. confluens Lec.

Unless the PSELAPHIDZE are collected clean and mounted
with great care they are not worth much for study. Collect them

15

122 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

dry, draw out the antennz, then mount on the extreme tip of the
finest paper point, with only a speck of good glue. Brendel and
Wickham have published a monograph of t the family i in the natural
history bulletin of the lowa Acad. Sciences: Vol. 1, p. 216. But
the beginner who attempts to name his collection, without named
types for comparison, from this or any other available literature,

33

will have “rough sledding.”

STAPEY Vi iD AS.
“Rove Beetles.”

An immense family with diversified forms and colors, that
have the elytra.short, abdominal segments in most of the species
fieely moveable.

FALAGRIA.
F. cingulata Lec. F. bilobata Say.
HOMALOTA,
H. trimaculata Er. H. lividipennis Mann.
ALEOCHARA,
A. lata Grav. A. brachypterus Fourc.
PHILOTERMES.
P. pilosus Kr.
DINOPSIS.
P. americanus Kr.
ACYLOPHORUS.
A. flavicollis Sack. A. pronus Erw.
SOMATIUM.
S. claviger Casey.

QUEDIUS.
QO. fulgidus Fab. ©. capucinus Grav,
Q. sublimbatus Wak. Q. levigatus Gyll.
O. peregrinus Grav. O. molochinus Grav.
LISTOTROPHUS.
S. cingulatus Grav.
CREOPHILUS.
C. villosus Grav.
STAPHYLINUS.
S. vulpinus Nordm. S. comes Lec.
S. maculosus Grav, S. cinnamopterus Grav.
S. mysticus Er. S. violaceus Grav.
S. femoratus Fab. S. viridans Horn.

16

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Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati.
OCYPUS.
Ot ater Grav.

BELONUCHUS.
B. formosus Grav.

PHILONTHUS.
aeneus [osst. P. equalis Horn,
lucidus Say. P. brunneus Grav.
palliatus Grav. P. cyanipennis Fab.
debilis Grav. P. blandis Grav.
fusiformis Welsh. P. baltimorensis Grav.
fulvipes Fab. P._apicalis Say.
lomatus Er. P. confertus Lec.
ACTOBIUS.
. sobrinus Er. A. terminalis Lec.

. pederoides Lec.
XANTHOLINUS.
. cephalus Say. X. obscurus Er.
emmesus Grav.
LEPTACINUS.

longicollis Lec. L. dimidiatus Say.
ruficollis Lec. L. umbripennis Fauv.

DIOCHUS.

D. schaumu Kr.

STENUS.
bipunctatus Er. S. humilis Er.
egenus Er, Saris, Csy.
flavicornis Er, S. argus Grav.
annularis Er.

EUSTHETUS.
E. florid Casey.

CRYPTOBIUM.
badium Grav. C. pallipes Grav.
bicolor Grav. C. latebricola Nordm.
texanum Leé.

LATHROBIUM. :
punctulatum Lec. C. collare Er.
armatum Say. C. dimidiatum Say.
longiusculum Grav.

STILICUS.
tristis Melch. S. dentatus Say.
angularis Lec. S. biarmatus Lec.

10

124 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

LITHOCHARIS,
L. corticina Grav. L. confluens Say.
PAEDERUS.
P. littorarius Grav.
SUNIUS.
S. binotatus Say. S. longiusculus Mann.
STILICOPSIS.
S. monstrosa Lec,
PINOPHILUS.
P. latipes Grav.
PALAMINUS.
Pwtestacels yar

MICROCYPTUS.
M. testaceus Lec.

Taken in numbers from nest of small black ant, August, 1888.

TACHINUS.
T. memnonius Grav. T. schwarzi Horn.
T. flavipennis Dej. T. limbatus Melsh.
T. luridus2y, T. pallipes Grav.

TACHYPORUS.
T. maculipennis Lec. a scitolus v7,
T. jocosus Say. T. brunneus Fab.
T. chrysomelinus Linn.

ERCHOMUS.

T. levis Lec.

CONOSOMA.
C. littoreum Linz. C. opicum Say.
C. crassum Grav. C. scriptum Horn.
Cy basale Er:

BOLETOBIUS,
B. niger Grav. B. cincticollis Say.
B. dimidiatus Er. B. trinotatus Er.
B. intrusus Horn. B. cinctus Grav.

BRYOPORUS.
B. flavipes Lec.
MYCETOPORUS.
M. americanus Er.
MEGALOPS.
M. celatus Grav.
18

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 125

O. femoralis Grav.
O. major Grav.
O. stygicus Say.
Megalops I always find on the under side of small fungus

grown beech logs, May to October. Oxyporus feed on the tender
parts of fungus belon

OXYPORUS.
O. vittatus Grav,
O. lateralis Grav.

ging to the Agaricinae from May to Septem-

ber. O. stygicus is our most abundant species and quite variable
in size.
OSORIUS.
QO. latipes Grav,
BLEDIUS.
B. semiferrugineus Lec. B. analis Lec.
B. ruficornis Lec. B. emarginatus Say.

I find Osorius and Bledins abundant along rivers on the low
damp ground.

O.

sculptus Grav.
insignitus Grav,

brunneus Say.

pallipes Lec.

. obtectum Er.

PLATYSTETHUS,
P. americanus Er,
OXYTELUS.
O. nitidulus Grav.
O. placusinus Lec,

TROGOPHL@US,
T. memnonius £yr.
APOCELLUS.
A. spheericollis Say,
GEODROMICUS,
G. cxsus Fr,
LESTEVA,
L. subcarinata Ey.
TRIGONODEMUS,
T. striatus Lec.
LATHRIM ZUM,
L. sordidum Er,
ALOPHRUM.
A. rotundicolle Salb.
PYCNOGLYPTA,
P. lurida Gyil.
HOMALIUM.
H. humerosum Fauz,
19

126 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

PHOTINUS.
P. atomarius Er.
MEGARTHRUS.
M. excisus Lec.

GLYPTOMA,
G. costale Er.
ELEUSIS.
E. pallidus Lec.
SIAGONUM.
S. americanum Melsh.
MICROPEPLUS.
M. cribratus Lec.

In addition to those enumerated [ have many species impossi-
ble to identify at this time, some of which are doubtless new.

TRICHOPLTERYGIDZE.
“Feather Wings.”

Most of these beetles are exceedingly minute, being the smail-
est of beetles. It requires a powerful glass to study them. I find
only two species, by sifting rubbish. They are:

NOSSIDIUM.
N. americanum Mots.
TRICHOPTERYX.
T. haldemani Lec.

SCAPHIDIIDZ.

Black shining beetles that live on fungus grown logs.

SCAPHIDIUM.
S. quadrimaculatum Say. S. quadripustulatum Say.
S. obliteratum Lec. S. piceum Melsh.

S. obliteratum is a form in which the dorsal punctures are
nearly obliterated. Dr. Horn considered the last three varieties. of

the first. Maj. Casey has a synopsis in Journal, N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
vol. VIII, June, 1900.

CYPARIUM.
C. flavipes Lec.
BEOCERA.
B. concolor Fab.
Sifted from field mouse’s nest December, 1891.
20

“I

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnatt. 12

SCAPHISOMA.
S. convexum Say.
TOXIDIUM.
T. compressum Zim.

PHALACRIDA-A.
OLIBRUS.
O. striatulus Lec. O. nitidus Melsh.
O. consimilis Marsh.
ANCYLOMUS.

Axe ergo Csi.

CORYLOPHIDA:.

Many of this family of small beetles are to be found on the
trunks of standing dead trees feeding on a powdery fungus.

SACIUM.
S. obscurum Lec. S. fasciatum Say.
S. amabile Lec. S. lunatum Lec.
SERICODERUS.
S. obscurus Lec. S. subtilis Lec.
COCCINELLIDZ.

“Lady Bugs” or “Lady Birds.”

This is one of the most important families of beetles. Many
of the species in the larval form feed on plant lice and scale insects.
Their value in ridding, vegetation of these pests can hardly be
estimated.

Introduced pests can sometimes be controlled by introducing
their “Lady bug” parasite. The family is large and all, with few
exceptions, feed on other insects. The rapidity with which Adalia
and Brachyacantha will destroy a colony of “plant lice” (aphidac)
is surprising. Our species are:

MEGILLA.
M. maculata D. G.

HIPPODAMIA.

H. glacialis Fab. H. tredecimpunctata Linn.

H. convergens Guer. H. parenthesis Say.
COCCINELLA.

C. venusta Melsh. C. sanguinea Linn.

oa

128 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

C. notulata Muils. - C. bipunctata Linn. -
C. noveninotata Hbst. C. pullata Say.

I have never observed C. (Neoharmonia) venusta and C.
notulata here until 1898, in which year I saw one specimen.
Since then they are becoming more abundant. I have specimens
that seem to prove notulata a dimorphic form of venusta.

ANATIS.
A. quindecimpunctata Oliv.
PSYLLOBORA.
P. vigintimaculata Savy.
CHILOCORUS.
C. bivulneratus Muls. C. abdominalis Say.
CRYPTOGNATHA.
Crpnusila Lec.
PENTILIA,
P.tomisella ec.

BRACHYACANTHA.

B. ursina Fab. B. quadripunctata Melsh.

B. decempustulata Melsh.
HYPERASPIS.

H. fimbriolata Melsh. H. signata Oliv.

H. undulata Say. H. bigeminata Rand.
SCYMNUS.

S. bioculatus Muls. S. caudalis Lec.

S. americanus Mulls. S. tenebrosus Muils.

S. hemorrhous Lec. S. punctatus MWelsh.

S. collaris Melsh.

CEPHALOSCYMNUS.
C. zimmermani Cr.
EPILACHNA.

E. borealis Fab.

I have found this last species in clusters under leaves during
the winter. With very few exceptions our COCCINELLID are
abundant if searched for at the proper time and place. Crotch
published a revision of the family, Trans., vol. 1v, 1873, p. 363.

Maj. Thos. L. Casey has published a revision and synopsis in
Journal, New York Ent. Soc., vol. vu, No. 2, June, 1899.

ENDOMYCHIDZ..

SY MBIOTES.
S- -ulker Cr: S. minor Cyr.

?

nN
nN

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 129

RHANIS,
R. unicolor Zieg.
PHYMAPHORA.
P. pulchella Newm.

LYCOPERDINA.
L. ferruginea Lec.

This last species is common if searched for at the proper
place, which is inside the little round fungus Lycoperdon
piriforme, where it may be found covered with the spores of the
fungus. By squeezing the ball the beetle can be felt, 1f within.

APHORISTA.
A. vittata Fab.

MYCETINA,
M. perpulchra Newm.

STENOTARSUS.
S. hispidus Hbst.
ENDOMYCHUS.
E. bivittatus Gerst.

Mycetina and Aphorista | have found very early in Spring
clinging to the under side of oak rails that were lying along the
edge of a woods. The curious and pretty little Phymaphora is
found on old beech logs. Symbiotes occurs on logs where it feeds
on the fungus growing there.

For synopsis, see Crotch Trans. vol. 1v, 1873, p. 349.

EROLY MIDAS
LANGURIA.
bicolor Fab. L. trifasciata Say.
mozardi Lat. L. gracilis Newm.

angustata Bean.
. trifasciata 1s considered a variety of L. angustata, but I
strongly doubt it.

eee lee ise

PLGOSOMA.
P. punctata Lec.
DACNE.
D. quadrimaculata Say.
MEGALODACNE.

M. fasciata Fab. M. ulkei Crotch.
M. heros Say.

130 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

I have found wlkei only on a fungus (Polyporus cuticularis),
growing on beech logs together with its larve. Under favorable
conditions they were common during May and June. Thick
woods.

ISCHYRUS.

I. quadripunctatus Oliv.

MYCOTRETUS.
M. sanguinipennis Say. M. pulchra Say.
TRITOMA.
T. humeralis Fab. Taimnecra lec.
T. biguttatus Say. T. thoracica Say.
T. unicolor Say. T. flavicollis Lec.

Te testivankec.

Have bred T. festiva from fungus found growing on beech
stump. The larve were voracious feeders, and consumed the
entire inner part, leaving a thin shell, which held the piece together,
Crotch has a revision. Trans. 1873, vol. Iv, p. 349.

COLYDENDAS.
SYNCHITA.
L. parvula Guer. L. granulata Say.
L. fuliginosa Melsh.
CICONES.

C. marginalis Melsh.

BITOMA.
B. quadrigutta Say. B. quadricollis Horn.
EUDESMA.
FE. undulata Welsh.

This species is rare. It was described by Melsheimer from
Penn. For years it remained unique, until one day, while taking
refuge under a buckeye log that spanned a ravine, to escape a
shower, I looked up and saw some curious little elongated beetles
running rapidly up and down the log, and running into round
holes in a very colydiid fashion. I gathered six specimens, and
when I studied them, found I had this rare insect. Mr. Siewers
had taken one specimen under bark of sycamore the year before
(1879) in same woods. This beautiful woods is now gone. I
have not seen the species since.

COXELUS.
C. guttulatus Lec.
24

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 131

LASCONOTUS.
L. pusillus Lec.

. AULONIUM.
A. parallelopipedum Say. ' A. tuberculatum Lec.
COLYDIUM.
C. lineola Say.
PENTHELISPA.
Py reflexa Say.
PYCNOMERUS.
P. sulcicollis Lec.
BOTHRIDERES.
B. geminatus Say.
EROTYLATHRIS.
FE. exaratus Meish.

I found this nicely sculptured species but once abundantly. It
was hatching from cocoons, that its larvae had constructed under
the bark of a dead Elm tree. Many pupa had died in the cocoons
evidently from the heat of the sun shinning on the bark.

e CERYLON.

C. castaneum Say.
PHILOTHERMUS.

errs ; P. glabriculus Lec.
MYCHOCERUS.

M. depressus Lec.

See Dr. Horn’s paper on Colydiidae, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.
tage, Vols VEL p. 555:

REY SsODiIp Ay.

RHYSSODES.
hojexarata ll,
CLINIDIUM.
_C. sculptile Newm.
See synopsis by LeConte Trans., V. 5, 1875, p. 162. There are

only four N. A. species in the family. The other two being found
in Cal. Ours live under bark of decaying logs, and are abundant.

25

132 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CUCUJIDZA.

SYLVANUS.

S. surinamensis Linn. S. planatus Germ.
S. bidentatus Fab. S. advena Waltl.

NAUSIBIUS.
N. dentatus Marsh.
CATOGENUS.
C. rufus Fab.
PEDIACUS.
P. depressus Hbst.

CUCUJUS.
C. clavipes Fab.

-

INO.
Undescribed species.

I found one specimen of this last genus by beating the dead
limbs of honey locust. Mr. Ulke to whom I gave it, said it was
new. I never saw another.

LEMOPHLGUS.

L. biguttatus Say. L. testaceus Fab.
L. fasciatus Melsh. L. convexulus Lec.
L. adustus Lec.

LATHROPUS.

L. vernalis Lec.
BRONTES.

B. dubiusFab. B. debilis Lec.

TELEPHANUS.

T. velox Hald.
Synopsis..by LeGonte Procm Acad. 18540-V ai... 3. | abe
species of this family are very striking examples of forms modi-
fied for an existence under the loose close laying bark of trees,

enabling them to squeeze into crevices where they find food for
their larvee, and the eternally vigilant ant can not penetrate. -

CRYPT OPHA GIDAS.

LOBERUS.
LL. impressus: Lec. >
ANTHEROPHAGUS.
A. ochraceus Mels.
26

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 133

CROSIMUS.
C. hirtus Casey.

CRY PTOPHAGUS.
C. croceus Zimm, C. nodangulus Zimm.
CENOSCELIS.
C. subfuscata Casey. C. elongata Csy.
C. ferruginea Sahlb. C. obscura Csy.
ATOMARIA.
A. crypta Casey. A. ephippiata Zimm.

A number of unnamed CRYPTOPHAGID-.

MYCETOPHAGID.
“Fungus eaters.”
MYCETOPHAGUS.
M. punctatus Say. * M. pluripunctatus Lec.
M. flexuosus Say. M. obsoletus Melsh.
M. melsheimerii Lec.
PISENUS.

P. humeralis Kby.

LITARGUS.
L. 6-punctatus Say. L. didesmus Say.
L. balteatus Lec. L. nebulosus Lec.
L. tetraspilotus Lec.
TYPH A,
T. fumata Linn.
DIPLOCCELUS.
D. brunneus Lec.

Synopsis by Casey in Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., June, 1900.

DERMESTIDZ.
“Museum and household pests.”
DERMESTES.
D. lardarius Linn. D. vulpinus Fabr.
D. pulcher Lec. D. maculatus Dej.
ATTAGENUS.

A. piceus Oliv.
TROGODERMA.
T. ornatum Say. T. tarsale Melsh.

134 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ANTHRENUS.
A. scrophulariz Linn. A. muszorum Linn.
A. varius Fab.
CRYPTOR HOPALUM.
C. balteatum Lec.
ORPHILUS.

O. glabratus Fab.

Anthrenus is a terrible pest, and unless the utmost vigilance
is exercised they will get into and ruin an insect collection in a
short time. The strong fumes of napthaline or crude carbolic
acid will disguise the odor of dried insects and repell the pests
from the boxes. Strong carbon bi-sulphide fumes will kill An-
threnus after they get in. Maj. Casey has a synopsis in Journal
N.Y: Ent2Soc,, June, 1900:

HISTERIDZ::

Our species are nearly all black shining beetles that live ia
excrement and decaying material. Some few species live under
bark and are modified for such an existence being flattened and
with short legs.

HOLOLEPTA.
Hy tucida Lec. H. fossularis Say.
HISTER.
H. harrisii Kby. H. americanus Payk.
H. immunis Cr. H. subrotundus Say.
H. marginicollis Lec. H. vernus Say.
H. foedatus Lec. H. carolinus Payk.
H. abbreviatus Fab. H. lecontei Mars.
H. furtivus Lec. H. aurelianus Horn.
H. incertus Jars. H. coarctatus Lec.
Ho servus 2%, H. basalis Lec.
H. sedecimstriatus Say. H. gracilis Lec.
TRIBALUS.
T. americanus Lec.
EPIERUS.
E. regularis Beauv. E. pulicarius Er.
HETARIUS,

H. brunneipennis Rand.

I have taken this species by digging into the nests of mound
building ants (Formica exsectoides).
28

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 135

DENDROPHILUS.
D. punctulatus Say.

PAROMALUS.

P. zqualis Say. P. bistriatus Er,

P. estriatus Lec. P. seminulum Er.
SAPRINUS.

S. assimilis Payk. S. fitchi Mars.

S. fraternus Say. S. patruelis Lec.
TERETRIUS.

T. americanus Lec.

BACANIUS.
B. punctiformis Lec.

ACRITUS.
A. exiguus Er,

AULETES.
A. undescribed species.

NITIDULIDZE.
“Sappreeders: ’.

Members of this family can be found in quantities, whereever
sap exudes from trees, early in the spring. This is particularly
the case with maple trees. I have trapped hundreds by laying
chips on top of a freshly cut maple stump, where the sap was
exuding. Under these chips were congregated 20 species and
hundreds of individuals. A mixture of vinegar or sour beer, and
brown sugar or molasses, will also attract them, if spread on a
log in the woods, and covered with chips.

CERCUS.
C. abdominalis Er.

CARPOPHILUS.
C. hemipterus Linn. — C. corticinus Er.
mises: Saga, C. antiquus Melsh.
C. marginatus Say.

COLASTUS.

C. morio Er. C. semitectus Say.
C. maculatus Er. C. truncatus Rand.

CONOTELUS.

C. obscurus Fr.
29

136 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

EPUREA,
EB hormin C7, E. avara Rand.
E. helvola Er. FE. fulvescens Horn.
E. rufa Say. E. planulata Er.
E. erichsonii /veit. E. ovata Horn.
E. corticina Er. E. labilis Er.
E. rufida Welsh. .
and some unidentified species.
NITIDULA.
N. bipustulata Linn. N. zic zac Say.
‘ STELIDOTA,
S. gemminata Say. S. strigosa Gyll.

S. octomaculata Say.
PROMETOPIA.
P. sexmaculata Say.
PHENOLIA.
P:'gtossa Fab.
OMOSITA.
O. colon Linn.
SORONIA.
S. undulata Say.
POCADLUS.
P. helvolus Er.
MELIGETHES.
M. mutatus Harr.
OXYCNEMIS.
O. nigripennis Lec. ©. histrina Lec.
The last two species very much resemble Histers and are found
in the curious fungus called the “stink horn.”
AMPHICROSSUS.
A. ciliatus Oliv.
PALLODES.
Pe rsilacetts in
CYBOCEPHALUS.
C. nigritulus Lec.

These minute little beetles are found on fungus grown logs

They are sometimes in clusters composed of hundreds of individ-
uals.

30

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 137

CRYPTARCHA.
C. ampla Er. C. concinna Aelsh.,
IPS.
I. fasciatus Oliv. I. confluentus Say.
I. sanguinolentus Oliv.
RHIZOPHAGUS.

R. bipunctatus Say.

Dr. Horn’s paper on this family, Trans., 1879, V. 7, p. 257, is
the best synopsis of the North American Nitidulidae.

ACEI RED LD As.

A family of minute beetles that live under the bark of trees,
in decaying leaves, etc. I collect them by sifting such debris.
LATHRIDIUS.
L. liratus Lec.
ENICMUS.
E. maculatus Lec. E. aterrimus Mots.
CARTODERE.
C. filiformis Lec.

CORTICARIA.

Cesetcata Fayre: C. brevicornis Fall.
MELANOPHTHALMA.

M. picta Lec. M. distinguenda Com.

M. cavicollis Mann. M. americana Mann.

When more careful search for them is made, other species will
doubtless be found here. In a deserted nest of our common
“wild rabbit” (Lepus sylvaticus), 1 found 31 Corticaria serrata,
together with what I suppose was their larve. They were feed-
ing on the epithelial scales and other debris of the rabbit. With
them were two other species. See Revision of Family, by H. C.
Fall, “Trans,” XXVI, 1899, pp. 101-190.

LROGO SEDI AL.
Mostly elongate cylindrical or elongate flat species that live
under the bark of dead trees.
NEMOSOMA.
N. cylindricum Lec.
ALINDRIA.
A. cylindricaServ.
31

138 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

TROGOSITA.
T. virescens Fab.
This species has been introduced with logs brought to the saw
mills I think.

TENEBRIOIDES.
T. mauritanica Linn. T. castanea JAZelsh.
T. dubia Melsh. T. bimaculata Melsh.
T. marginata Beauv.

GRYNOCHARIS.

G. 4-lineata Mels.

This is a very rare species. I have only taken three.

MONOTOMA.
M. producta Lec. M. fulvipes dZels.
M. picipes Hbst.
HESPEROBENUS,

H. rufipes Lec.

EUROPS.
FE. pallipennis Lec.
BACTRIDIUM.
B. ephippigerum Guer. B. striolatum Leeit.

DERODONTID-.
Our only species of the family is very abundant in fungi.

DERODONTUS.
D. maculatus Wels.

BY RRELIDAE
“Pill Beetles.”

Some of the genus Byrrhus, when they have their pubescence
perfect, are a pill the Coleopterist likes to take into his bottle.
Only two species occur here, they are

NOSODENDRON.
N. unicolor Say.

LIMNICHUS.
LOsp.
GEORYSSID/.

Small round coarsely punctured black beetles that live on the
32

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 139

muddy shores of streams. They cover themselves with mud, so
they are very difficult to see, consequently but few of our col-
lectors get them. Our only species is

GEORYSSUS.
G. pusillus Lec.

PARNID.

This is an aquatic family, that live submerged in running water,
clinging to flat stones or logs. Their larvee are flat, thin creatures
that do not look like the larve of an insect. I have found the
seven species that we take here, together with the larve of some
of them, adhering to submerged logs and stones in the swift run-
ning water of Mill Creek and the Little Miami river. By taking
an old limb or rough stone from the water at a suitable locality
and placing it in the sun, the insects will move as the water dries
off, although at first nothing can be seen of them, so perfectly do
they resemble the surface on which they rest. In Trans., V. 3,
1870, p. 29. Dr. Horn has a synoptic paper on them.

BEE ROCERIDAS.

A family of rather elongate, convex, pubescent, mud colored
beetles, that burrow in the mud. The foretibiz are broad and flat-
tened, enabling the insect to dig out of sight with great celerity.
When the mud flat in which they are concealed is shaken or water
poured over it, they rush out of their burrows and take flight.
Dr. Horn has an admirable paper on the N. A. species in Trans.,
Wome VAT Sp: °k,

HETEROCERUS.

H. ventralis Mels. H. collaris Kies.

H. undatus Wels. H. pusillus Say.

H. brunneus JZels.

DASCYEEMD A.

A family of rather soft texture and small size, variable in color.
Some are found on dead timber. One species of Ectopria, I have
found clinging to a stone submerged in a swift running creek,
June 20. |

PTILODACTYLA.
P. angustata Horn.
EUCINETUS.
E. oviformis Lec. FE. terminalis Lec.
E. morioLec.

140 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ECTOPRIA,
E. nervosa Melsh.
PRIONOCYPHON.
P. discoideus Say.

HELODES.
H. pulchella Guer. ; H. thoracica Guer.
H. fuscipennis Guer.
SCIRTES.
S. tibialis Guer. S. orbiculatus Fab.
' CYPHON.
C. ruficollis Say. C. variabilis Thunb.

C. obscurus Guer.
See Horn’s paper, Trans., 1880, V. 8, p. 76.

RHIPICERID/E.
ZENOA.
Z. picea Beauv.

SANDALUS.

S. niger Knoch. S. petrophya Knoch.

For note on life history of Sandalus niger, see paper I published
in this journal, Vol. XIX, No. 5, p. 172. I do not know of any
complete paper up to date, on the N. A. members of this family.
Dr. Horn has a synopsis of Sandalus, Trans. 1881, Vol. 9, p..86.

ELATERIDAZ.

This great family is richly represented here. The N. A. species
are much in need of a revision to include the new species discoy-
ered since Le Conte’s paper, Trans. Amer. Philosophical Soc.,
1853. N. Series, vol. x, pp. 405-508. The Eucneminac, Cerophy-
tinae and Perothopinae have been done in an admirable manner
by Dr. Horn. Trans., January, 1886, pp. 5-58.

The Elaters are popularly known as “Spring beetles,” “Click
beetles” and “Snapping bugs.” Their larvae live mostly in decay-
ing wood and in the ground, on plant roots, and are called “wire
worms.” The adult beetles are found in a great variety of places,
on the trunks and foliage of trees, under bark, and early in the
Spring, under stones, on the ground, etc. Our species are:

MELASIS,
M. pectinicornis Welsh.

From a beech log about four feet long I took 50 specimens, that
were emerging from round holes they had made. May 27, 1892.

34

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 141

THAROPS,

T. ruficornis Say.
STETHON.

S. pectorosus Lec.

A rare species I found here years ago, feeding on fungus that
was growing on the underside of a poplar log. Miss Braun found
it under bark, Igol.

EUCNEMIS.

E. americana Horn.

Have only seen three specimens, all taken on dead beech.

DELTOMETOPUS.
D. ameenicornis Say. D. rufipes Mels.
DROMZOLUS.
D. cylindricollis Say. D. harringtoni Horn.
FORNAX.
EF. badius Melsh. I. molestus Bonv.
F. calceatus Say. IF. orchesides Newm.
F, hornu Bonv.

ENTOMOPHTHALMUS.
E. rufiolus Lec.

MICRORHAGUS.
M. pectinatus Lec. M. bonvouloiri Horn.
M. audax Horn. M. humeralis Say.
M. subsinuatus Lec. M. triangularis Say.

M. impressicollis Bonv.

All found running about dead timber in the sunshine, or resting
in the crevices later in the day.

HY POCCELUS.

H. frontosus Say. H. terminalis Lec.
NEMATODES.

N. atropos Say. N. penetrans Lec.

The members of the Excnemine above, have not the power so
developed, as have the more typical Elaters, of “snapping,”
“clicking” or springing up in the air, when laid on their backs.

ADELOCERA.
A. impressicollis Say. A. aurorata Lec.
A. marmorata Fab. A. maculata Lec.
A. discoidea Web. A. avita Say.

35

142 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CHALCOLEPIDIUS.
C. viridipilis Say.
ALAUS.

A. oculatus Linn.

HEMIRHIPUS.
H. fascicularis Fab.
This large handsome species was taken July 14 at Redbank,

CARDIOPHORUS.
C. convexus Say.
See paper by F. Blanchard. Trans., January, 1880.

HORISTONOTUS.
H. curiatus Say.

CRYPTOHYPNUS.

C. pulchellus Linn. C. perplexus Horn.
C. pectoralis Horn. C. xstivus Horn.

C. obliquatulus IJels.
C., undescribed species, allied to C. striatulis.
CEDOSTETHUS.
O. femoralis Lec.

ANCHASTUS.

A. binus Say.

MONOCREPIDIUS.
M. lividus De). M. auritus Hbst.
M. suturalis Lec. M. bellus Say.
M. vespertinus Fab.

ISCHIODONTUS.

I. soleatus Say.

ELATER.

hepaticus Melsh. EB, lesus. Lee:
pedalis Cand. | E. impolitus, Welsh.
nigricollis Hbst. E. rubricollis Hbst.
linteus Say. E. obliquus Say.
discoideus Fab.

DRASTERLUS.
D. elegans Fab.
MEGAPENTHES.

M. limbalis Wbst.

LUDIUS.
L. attenuatus Say. L. abruptus Say.

36

> >

ela ge a

>>>

Yn

CG: ©)

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 143

ORTHOSTETHUS.
O. infuscatus Germ.

AGRIOTES.
. mancus Say. A. pubescens Melsh.
. oblongicollis Melsh.
GLYPHONYX.
. Tecticollis Say. G. testaceus Melsh.
MELANOTUS.

. corticinus Say. M. paganus Chd.

acer wee. M. pertinax Say.

. decumanus Er, M. americanus Hbst.

. fissilis Say. M. insipiens Say.

. communis Gyll. M. gradatus Lec.

. exuberans Lec. M. morosus Cand.

. parumpunctatus Melsh. M. sagittarius Lec.

. verberans Lec.

LIMONIUS.

. auripilis Say. L. quercinus Say.
aurifer Lec. L. maculicollis Mots.
griseus Beauv. L. agonus Say.

. interstitialis Melsh. L. ornatipennis Lec.

. confusus Lec.

CAMPYLUS.

C. denticornis Kby.

ATHOUS.
. brightwelli Kby. A. posticus Melsh.
. acanthus Say. A. rufifrons Rand.

. scapularis Say.

LEPTOSCHEMA,
L. bicolor Lec.
BLADUS.
B. quadricallis Rand.

NOTHODES.
N. dubitans Lec.

SERICOSOMUS.
. silaceus Say. S. flavipennis Mots.

CORYMBITES.
. vernalis Hentz. C. ethiops Hbst.
. cylindriformis Hbst. C. hamatus Say.
. divaricatus Lec. C. splendens Ziegl. °
. pyrrhos Hbst. C. inflatus Say.

Si

¢

144 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

C. bivittatus Melsh. C. planatus Lec.

C. tarsalis Melsh. C. crassus Lec.

C. copei Horn. C. rotundicollis Say.
C. sulcicollis Say.

Some of these are very rare, as C. cope. I have only seen two
specimens. C. vernalis lives in the clay clinging to the roots of
trees that have been uprooted by storms. It appears in March
and April. March 23, 1902, I took what I think was its larve, by
digging in the clay-covered roots of an upturned beech tree. Mrs.
Braun found C. hamatus on the foliage of honey locust June 1,
1902.

ASAPHES.
A. indistinctus Lec. A. memnonius Hbst.
A. decoloratus Say. A. bilobatus Say.

A. planatus Lec.
MELANACTES.

M. piceus De G. M. puncticollis Lec.
PEROTHOPS.
P. mucida Gyll.
CEROPHYTUM.
C. pulsator Hald.
This last is one of the rarest known Elaters, as well as the most
abberrant. Its pectinate antennz are very curious. But one speci-
men has been taken here, and that was beaten from foliage, into

an umbrella. I have in addition to the above many Elaters without
names, some of them very fine ones.

EROS CIbAE.
DRAPETES.
D. geminatus Say. D. quadripustulatus Bonw.
THROSCUS.
T. punctatus Bonv. T. chevrolati Bonv.

T. constrictor Say.

The monograph of the THROSCID by Bonvouloir, 18509,
is inaccessible to most students. See Horn’s synopsis of N. A
species. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1885, vol. x11, pp. 198-208.

BURRS iD
“Metallic Shiners.”

This family is not very abundant here. They are most beautiful
metallic insects. Some of the tropical species are really magnifi-

38

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 145

cent. Many of the species are very destructive to trees, etc.
Chrysobothris has killed some of our pine trees outright, and did
considerable damage to fruit trees. I collect them on the trunks
of dead trees and beat them from foliage into an umbrella.
Buprestis rufipes is our most beautiful species, I have found its
larve boring in beech and maple. During June specimens may
be found sunning themselves on the trunks of dead beech and
other trees. Approach them stealthily or they will drop into the
weeds and be lost. From a single dead beech in Avondale over a
hundred rufipes emerged or perished in the attempt. June to
September.
CHALCOPHORA.

C. campestris Say.

Abundant; cuts its way out of beech and maple in April, May

and June.
DICERCA.

D. divaricata’ Say. D. obscura Fab.
PCCILONOTA.
P. cyanipes Say.
BUPRESTIS.

B. rufipes Oliv. B. striata Fab.

B. fasciata Fab.

The last two have been taken about lumber yards where pine
timber was being sawed and were perhaps introduced into the
locality.

CINYRA.
C. gracilipes Melsh.
MELANOPHILA.
M. longipes Say.

ANTHAXIA.
A. viridifrons Say. A. cyanella Gory.
A. viridicornis Say. A. quercata Fab.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS.
C. femorata Oliv. C. sexsignata Say.
C. floricola Gory. Cr azutea ac.
C. pusilla Lap. C. scitula Gory.

ACTENODES,
A. acornis Say.
A large unidentified species, that is perhaps new.
39

146 Cincinnati. Society of Natural History.

ACM ZODERA,
A. ornata Fab. A. culta Web.
A. pulchella Hbst.
PTOSIMA.
P. gibbicollis Say.
AGRILUS.
A. difficilis-Gory. A. politus Say.
A. ruficollis Fab. A. fallax Say.

A. otiosus Say. A. obsoletoguttatus Gory.
A. crinicornis Horn. A. subcinctus Gory.
A. arcuatus Say. A. lecontei Saund.
A. bilineatus Web. A. addendus Cr.
A. granulatus Say. A. egenus Gory.
A. acutipennis Mann. A. pusillusSay.

TAPHROCERUS.

T. gracilis Say.

BRACHYS.

B. ovata Web. B. eruginosa Gory.
B. erosa Melsh.

PACHYSCELUS.
P. purpureus Say. P. levigatus Say.

I have taken Agrilus bilineatus boring out of a solid beech tree.
A. ruficollis bores in the stems of blackberry and raspberry.
A. lecontei I find abundantly on honey locust. The others can be
beaten from foliage into an umbrella. Pachyscelus purpureus
I have taken eating holes in the leaves of wild geranium (Ge-
ranium maculatum. )

LAMPYRID-.
“Fire Flies.”

Soft bodied insects, many of which do not resemble beetles very
closely. They rest during the day, but in the evening become
active and fly about. The luminous species giving off their bril-
liant light. The life history of even many of the common species
is unknown. Dr. Le Conte published a synopsis of N. A. species
in Trans., 1881, vol. Ix, pp. 15-72. Since then, Dr. Horn has
published a paper on Zaripus. Trans., 1885, vol. x11, p. 148. Our
species are:

LYCOSTOMUS.
L. lateralis Melsh.
CALOPTERON.
C. terminale Say. C. reticulatum Fab.

40

bE ba bs

BoE

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 147

LOPHEROS.
L. fraternus Rand.
EROS.
thoracicus [eand. E. sculptilis Say.
mundus Say. Kk. humeralis Fab.

aurora Hbst.
aurora is a beautiful red species quite rare here.

PLATEROS.
modestus Say. P. floralis Melsh.
canaliculatus Say.
CALOCHROMUS.

C. perfacetus Say.

POLYCLASIS.
P. bifaria Say.

Superficially this species resembles the next, but it is quite
different. I find them resting on trunks of trees in shady woods.

~

UU

ge

LUCIDOTA.
LL... .atra: Fab.
ELLYCHNIA.
E. corrusca Linn.

PYROPYGA.
nigricans Say. P. decipiens Harr.
PYRACTOMENA.
angulata Say. P. marginellus Lec.
lucifera Melsh. P. scintillans Say.

pyralis Linn.
PHOTURIS.
pennsylvanica De G. P. frontalis Lec.
PHENGODES.
P. plumosa Oliv.

Very rare, only one male taken.

poy

OMETHES.
O. marginatus Lec.

CHAULIOGNATHUS.

pennsylvanica De G. C. marginata Fab.
PODABRUS.

tricostatus Say. P. tomentosus Say.

rugosulus Lec. P. protensus Lec.

basilaris Say.
41

148 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

SILIS.
S. percomis Say.

TELEPHORUS.

. rectus Melsh.
flavipes Lec.
scitulus Say.
pusillus Lec.
bilineatus Say.

dentiger Lec.
excavatus Lec.
fraxini Say.
carolinus Fab.
lineola Fab.

Fe ie eae

DITEMNUS.
D. bidentatus Say.

TRYPHERUS.

T. latipennis Germ.

MALTHINUS.
M. flavicollis Lec.

MALTHODES.
M. exilis Wels.

These insects make very unsatisfactory looking specimens at
best. Some methods of preparation are much better than others.
Collect them dry, pin with good black pins, hold the head thorax
and elytra in position until dry, and dry quickly. All of the smaller
species should be mounted on paper triangles. A little alcoholic
sol. of carbolic acid or corrosive sublimate injected into the soft
abdominal parts is good.

MALACHIID.

Small, rather soft bodied beetles that occur on vegetation. But
little is known of their life history. Synopsis by Horn. Trans.,
1872) vol: iL, p. 70:

COLLOPS.

C. quadrimaculatus Fab.
ANTHOCOMUS.
A. erichsoni Lec.
PSEUDEB-EUS.
PP) bicolor Tec.
ATTALUS.
A. morulus Lec. A. scincetus Say.

A. humeralis Lec.
MELYRIS.

M. cribratus Lec.
42

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 149

CLERIDZ:.

The clerids are an enterprising and interesting family. I find
most of the species about dead timber. A few occur on foliage.
Synopsis by Le Conte. Ann. Lyc., 1849, vol. v, p. 9.

ELASMOCERUS.
FE. terminatus Say.

TILLUS:
T. collaris Spin.
Only one of this species has been taken here.
CYMATODERA.

C. brunnea Melsh. C. undulata Say.
C. bicolor Say.
PRIOCERA.

P. castanea Newnn.

A rare species, taken under bark.

TRICHODES.
T. quadrimaculatus Say. T. ichneumoneus Fab.
T. analis Lec. T. thoracicus Oliv.

T. rosmarus Say.
THANEROCLERUS.

T. sanguineus Say.

HYDNOCERA,
unifasciata Say. H. pedalis Lec.
subenea Spin. H. verticalis Say.
humeralis Say. H. tabida Lec.
pallipennis Say. H. longicollis Ziegl.

a Foo or

PHYLLOBENUS.
P. dislocatus Say.
ICHNEA.
I. laticornis Say.
CHARIESSA,
C. pilosa Forst.
CREGYA.
C. oculata Say. Cramixta Lee:
I have beaten a number of Cregya from osage orange hedges.

ORTHOPLEURA,
©. damicornis Fab.
43

150 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

NECROBIA.

N. rufipes Fab. N. violaceus Linn.
N. ruficollis Fab.

I have taken Necrobia on an old decaying animal skin.

PTIN TIDAL:
PTINUS.
P. fur Linn. P. quadrimaculatus Melsh.
P. brunneus Duft.
EUCRADA.

E. humeralis Melsh.
Abundant on trunks of dead beech.
ERNOBIUS.
E. mollis Linn.
OLIGOMERUS.
O. sericans Melsh. O. alternans Lec.
SITODREPA.
S. panicea Linn.
Found abundantly in drugs, etc.
HADROBREGMUS.
H. carinatus Say. H. linearis Lec.
TRICHODESMA.
T. gibbosum Say.
ANOBIUM,
A. notatum Say.
TRYPOPITYS.
T. sericeus. Say.
PETALIUM.
P. bistriatum Say.

EUPACTUS.

FE. nitidus Lec.

XYLETINUS.

X. peltatus Harr. X. fucatus Lec.

HEMIPTYCHUS.
H. punctatus Lec. H. ventralis Lec.
H. gravis Lec. H. castaneus Ham.
H. borealis Lec.

44

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 151

DORCATOMA.
D. setuiosum Lec.
CAENOCARA,
CG. oculatay Say:
PTILINUS.
P. ruficornis Say. P. thoracicus Rand.
EUCERATOCERUS.
E. hornii Lec.

ENDECATOMUS.

FE. reticulatus Hbst. E. rugosus Rand.
SINOXYLON.
S. basilare Say. S. bidentatum Horn.
S. sextuberculatum Lec.
BOSTRYCHUS.
B. bicornis Web. B. truncaticollis Lec.
DINODERUS.
D. punctatus Say.
PYCTUS.
L. striatus Jfelsh. L. opaculus Lec.

TROGOXYLON,
T. parallelopipedum Walsh.

I do not know of any complete paper on the PTINIDA. Le
Conte and Horn have papers on several sub-families and genera in
Proc. Acad., 1865, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1878.

CUBE SIDA:
CUPES.
C. concolor West.

LYMEXYLID/A.

HYLECCETUS.
H. lugubris Say.

Very rare here, one only.

GIOIDAL.

(CiSis

C. creberrimus Mellie. C. fuscipes Mellie.
Many unnamed species.

45

152 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ENNEARTHRON.
E.. thoracicornis Zieg. E. vitulus Mann.
CERACIS.
C. sallei Mellie.
RHIPIDANDRUS.

R. paradoxus Beauv.

The minute cioids I have found abundantly on fungus.

SPHINDIDZAS.
SPHINDUS.
S. denticollis Lec.

This species occurs on fungus.

LUCANIDZ.
“The Stag Beetles. *

The larve of our species live in decaying wood. Chas. Fuchs
in Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1882, vol. v, p. 49, has a good synopsis
of the family. :

LUCANUS.
L. elaphus Fab. L. placidus Say.
I.. dama Fab.
DORCUS.

D. parallelus Say.

PLATYCERUS.
P. quercus Webr.
PASSALUS,

P. cornutus Fab.

L. elaphius is rare here, the others common. While in the British
Museum some years ago, a specialist, who was working on the
LUCANID/, expressed a wish for some fresh Passalus, for dis-
section. On my return to Ohio, I sent some in a small box by mail.
About a month after my box, like the proverbial cat in the song,
“came back,’ and stamped on it in red letters, were these words:
“Suspected to be potato beetles, not allowed entry.” The speci-
mens had been examined very carefully, and after due deliberation,
they decided that a dead Passalus cornutus was a living “potato
beetle”!

46

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 153
SCARABAID. ©

An extensive family of large insects. Some of the tropical
forms are giants of the beetle tribe. MDyzastes, sometimes called
the ‘‘Rhinoceros beetle,’’ is our largest coleopteron. Its larva is
a huge grub of a dirty yellowish color, and feeds on decaying
wood. One of the peculiarities of this species is the very power-
ful and strange odor given off by the adult beetle. Ina Bulletin
of U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; New Series No. 36, page 28, isa
paper on the species, with most superb figures of the larva and
pupa, naturalsize. Incollecting the coprophagous Scarabeide by
throwing the dung, in which many species live, into a bucket of
water they will come out and can thus be cleaned, before being
put into the bottle.

CANTHON.
C. depressipennis Lec. C. chalcites Hadd.
C. vigilans Lec. C. viridis Beauv.

C. levis Drury.

Some of these are skillful ball rollers. Specimens of C. viridis
from Texas are bright green, ours are always rich bronze. They
live in fungus. The species is rare here.

CHGERIDIUM.
C. histeroides Wedér.

COPRIS.
C. minutus Drury. C. carolina L727.
C. anaglypticus Say.
PHAN HUS.

P. carnifex £77272.

ONTHOPHAGUS.

O. hecate Panz. O. striatulus Beauv.
O. janus Panz. O. subzeneus Beauv.
O. orpheus Pazz. O. pennsylvanicus /aro/d.

ZEGIALIA.

A. conferta Horn.

ATAENIUS.
A. gracilis Welsh. A. abditus Hadd.
A. stercorator Fad. AY PUugiceps asp:

47

154 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History.

A species of Atenius which I have taken here I think new and
propose for it the name A. rugiceps, and describe it as follows :

Color, brown. ‘The thorax darker and more shining than ely-
tra. Entire front of head rugose; posterior part with a shallow
punctured transverse groove. Clypeus emarginate in front.
Thorax with sparse, scattered, very coarse punctures and a shal-

Atenius rugiceps, Ns Sp.

low coarsely punctured groove, extending from base to middle.
Front and hind thoracic angles prominent, sides arcuate and with
a narrow margin extending across base and along sides to front
angles. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, sides straight, tips
conjointly rounded. Striz deep, impunctured, with sides of
strie feebly crenate. Abdomen with very minute punctures.
Segments very prominent and rounded, sutures between them
crenate. Mesosternum carinate between coxe. Length 3-5 mm.
One specimen. Cincinnati, O.

PLEUROPHORUS.

Pleurophorus ventralis Horn.

I took specimens of this species here in 1880, and sent them to
Dr. Horn, who named it “Atentus, n. sp.’ In Monograph of
the Aphodiini, Trans. 1887, page 92, he describes it under the
above name. I have what I think to be male and female of this
remarkable species.

48

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 155

DIAL YES:

D. striatulus Say.

APHODIUS.

A. fimetarius Linn. A. stercorosus Melsh.
A. crassulus Horn. A. lentus Horn.
A. ruricola Melsh. A. terminalis Say.
A. granarius Linn. A. bicolor Say.
A. serval Say. A. femoralis Say.
A. inquinatus [Hbst. A. oblongus Say.
A. rubeolus Beauv.

BOLBOCERUS.

B. tumefactus Beauv. B. lazarus Fabr.
ODONTEUS.

O. filicornis Say. O. cornigerus JZels.
GEOTRUPES,

G. splendidus Fabr. G. blackburnii Fabr.

G. semiopacus Jeckel. G: is var. jecklit Horn.

Splendidus I have only taken in fungus, the others in excrement.
CLOOTUS.
C. aphodiodes /7/1. C. globosus Say.
NICAGUS.
N. obscurus Lec,

PROX
T. scutellaris Say. T. capillaris Say.
T. monachus Hbst. T. unistriatus Beauv.
ad wasperdec: T. foveicollis Harold.
T. suberosus Fabr. Leterrestris Say,
T. punctatus Germ. T. equalis Say.
T. tuberculatus De G. T. scaber Linn.

Trox are abundant on dead animal remains. I have taken
capillaris, unistriatus and fovetcollis on an old hide of Virginia
deer.

HOPLIA.
H. debilis Lec. H. modesta Hald.
DICHELONYCHA.
D. bivittata Lec. D. fuscula Lee.
D. testacea Kby.
SERICA.
vespertina Gyll. Seasericea 111:

nin

iricolor Say.
49

156 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

MACRODACTYLUS.
M. subspinosus fab. M. angustatus Beauv.
DIPLOTAXIS.

D. harperi Blanch. D. frondicola Say.
LACHNOSTERNA.

L. ephelida Say. L. villifrons Lec.

IL, gibbosa Burm. L. ilicis Knoch.

L. fusca Froh. L. crenulata Froh.

L. “ var.arcuata Smuth. L. quercus Knoch.

L. “ var. brevicollis Burm. L. inversa Horn.

L. fraterna J7arr: ieetristiss ou.

L. rugosa Mels. L. hornii Smith.

L. hirticula Anoch. L. albina Burm.

L. comans Burm.

ANOMALA.
A. binotata Gyll. A. lucicola Fabr.
‘A. minuta Bari. A. marginata Fab.
A. undulata Mfelsh.

STRIGODERMA.
S. arboricola Fab.
PELIDNOTA.
P. punctata Linn.
COTALPA.
C. lanigera Linn.
CYCLOCEPHALA.
C. villosa Burm.
CHALEPUS.
C. trachypygus Buri.

LIGYRUS.
L. ruginasus Lec. Le pyritormis Lec.
L. relictus Say. L. tridentatus Say.

XYLORYCTES.
X. satyrus Fab.
DYNASTES.
D. tityus Linn.
PHILEURUS.
P. valgus Fabr.
; ALLORHINA.
A. nitida Linn.
50

NT

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 15

EUPHORIA.
E. sepulchralis Fab. KE. inda Linn.
E. fulgida Fab.
CREMASTOCHILUS.
C. knochii Lec. C. variolosus Kby.

OSMODERMA.
©. eremicola Knoch. O. scabra Beauv.
GNORIMUS.
G. maculosus Anoch.

TRICHIUS.
T. piger Fab. T}bibens Fab:
T. affinis Gory.
VALGUS.
V. canaliculatus Fab. V. squamiger Beauv.

There is no complete monograph of the family SCARAB/AEID AE.
Horn and Le Conte have excellent papers on many of the
genera. These papers, which number 38 or more, have been pub-
lished in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. from 1847 to 1880, but most
of them from 1870 to 1880. In 1887 Dr. Horn revised Lachno-
sterna Trans. XIV, p. 209-296. Mr. F. Blanchard has a synopsis
of Canthon in Trans. 1885, v. XII, p. 63. Mr. Blanchard also
has a synopsis of Geotrupes in Psyche, 1888, v. V, p. 103. The
latest paper on any N. A. Scarabeid genus is one by Mr. H. C.
fall on Dichelonycha, Trans. Aug., 1901, vol. XX VII, p. 277, and
brings the subject down to date. The species of some of the
genera are quite troublesome to separate. This is noticeably the
case with Lachnosterna, Diplotaxis, etc. Scarabeide are, many
of them abundant, some of ‘the species alarmingly so. The
larve of Lachnosterna, do great damage. The adults fly in
swarms around electric lights. L. hornu is rare. I have taken it
at light. JL. albina is another rare species that I have found
only by beating a certain haw tree (May 24) that stood in a thick
woods. And though there were many other similar trees around,
none of them produced any albina. JL. fusca is our most abundant
species. It is the larvee of Lachnosterna that does such damage to
grass lands, and lawns, by eating the roots of the grass. Large
patches are killed in this way and the grass can be rolled up like
a carpet, leaving the ground stripped bare. They are very dif-
ficult to combat as the larvee are out of sight in the ground and
can not easily be reached. The larve or “grub” of Lachnosteria
are characteristic scarabeean larvee and are figured in many works,
such as Lugger’s 5th report Entomologist of Minn., Packard

Bi

158 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Guide to the Study of Insects, etc. The largest: beetle occurring
here belongs to this family. It is called Dynastes tityus. A fine
male was taken on Eastern avenue, this city, July I, 1900.

SPONDYIIDYE:
PARANDRA.
P. brunnea Fab. P. polita Say.

P. brunnea is common, occurring late in summer and in fall,
polita is very rare. I chopped three out of the heart of a large
dead beech tree, 1878, August.

CERAMBYCID.
The “‘long-horned beetles.”

A family that is numerously represented by many fine species.
Some of them are very destructive to trees. The species I have

seen from here are
ORTHOSOMA.

QO. brunneum Forst.
PRIONUS.

P. laticollis Drury.
SPHENOSTETHUS.
S. taslei Bates.

ASEMUM.
A. meestum Hald.
SMODICUM.

S. cucujiforme Say.
PHYSOCNEMUM.
P. brevilineum Say.
RHOPALOPUS.

R. sanguinicollis Horn.
HYLOTRUPES.

H. ligneus Fab.
PHY MATODES.

P. variabilis Fab. P. varius fab.

P. amcenus Say.
CALLIDIUM. .

C. antennatum Newm. . C. ianthinum Lec.

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 159

DRYOBIUS.
D. sexfasciatus Say.

This is one of our most beautiful and graceful species. In
former years it was abundant, but is now rare. Its larvze bore in
beech and maple. I have trapped them by nailing slabs of loose
bark on the dead tree trunks, and visiting them every few days.
Holding an inverted umbrella under the slab, to catch the beetles,
when the bark was disturbed as they would drop to the ground.
June and July.

CHION.
C. cinctus Drury. C.cinctus var. garganicus Fwd.
EBURIA.

E. quadrigeminata Say.

ROMALEUM.

R. atomarium Drury.

ELAPHIDION.

E. irroratum Fab. E. villosum Fab.

E. mucronatum Fab. E. parallelum Newm.

E. incertum Hald. FE. unicolor Rand.
TYLONOTUS.

T. bimaculatus Hald.
HETERACHTHES.
H. quadrimaculatus Nezwn.
PHYTON.
P. pallidum Say.
Beaten from dead osage orange. June.

' OBRIUM.
O. rubrum Nez. O. rubidum Lec.
Of the latter only one specimen.

MOLORCHUS.
M. bimaculatus Say.
CALLIMOXYS.
C. sanguinicollis Oliv,
RHOPALOPHORA,
R. rugicollis Lec.
PURPURICENUS.
P. humeralis Fab. P. var. axillaris Hald.
53

160 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

BATYLE.
B. suturalis Say.

STENOSPHENUS.
S. notatus Oliv.
CYLLENE.
C. picta Drury. C. robinize Forst.
Look for C. picta on honey locust in June and July, and C.
robimiae on golden rod in September.
PLAGIONOTUS.
P. speciosus Say.
ARHOPALUS,
A. fulminans Fabr.
XYLOTRECHUS.
colonus Fab. i, oS convervens, ec:
. nitidus Horn.
X. nitidus is very rare here, three only.

NEOCLYTUS.
N. scutellaris Oliv. N. erythrocephalus Fab.
On a diseased tulip tree near my house N. erythrocephalus was

ovipositing, Aug. 8, 1892.
CLYTANTHUS.

C. ruricola Oliv. C. albofasciatus Lap.
I beat the latter sp. from wild grape.
CYRTOPHORUS.
C. verrucosus Oliv.
EUDERCES.
E. picipes Lab.
DISTENIA.
D. undata Oliv.
DESMOCERUS.
D. palliatus Forst.
This species appears here on alder when it is in blossom.
NECYDALIS.
N. melitus Say.
A curious species with short wing cases. June.
ENCYCLOPS.
E. ceruleus Say.
54

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 161

CENTRODERA.
C. sublineata Lec.
A very rare species. I have only taken one.

TOXOTUS.
T. schaumii Lec. T. cinnamopterus Rand.
T. cylindricollis Say.
ACM AOPS.
A. bivittata Say.
GAUROTES.

G. cyanipennis Say.
BELLAMIRA.
B. scalaris Say.
Have taken a var. of this species jet black.

STRANGALIA.

S. famelica Newm. S. luteicornis Fab.

S. acuminata Oliv. S. bicolor Swed.
TYPOCERUS.

T. velutinus Oliv. T. lugubris Say.
LEPTURA.

L. emarginata Fab. L. proxima Say.

L. lineola Say. L. vittata Germ.

L. chalybea Hald. IL. pubera Say.

L. americana Hald. L. ruficollis Lec.

L. exigua Newm. L. spheericollis Say.

L. subargentata Kby. L. vibex Newm.

Ee zebra-Oliv. L. aurata Horn.

LeAetubrica +5 ay: L. mutabilis Newm.

L. emarginata. This fine large species emerges from dead

beech timber in June; the holes are perfectly round and some of
them one-half an inch in diameter. Many come from a singie
tree, yet it is very difficult to get specimens. I have only taken
two, and Miss Braun two.
CYRTINUS.
C. pygmeus Hald.
This is the smallest of the family.

PSENOCERUS.
P. supernotatus Say.

MONOHAMMUS.

M. titillator Fab. M. confusor Kby.
M. maculosus Huld.

55

162 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

DORCASCHEMA.

D. wildii Uhiler. D. nigrum Say.

D. alternatum Say.

The first two species occur on osage orange and mulberry. By
beating the limbs into an inverted umbrella they can be secured,
but wildii clings very tightly and the limbs must be struck very
hard to disloge them. D. nigrum I find on hickory.

HETG@MIS.
H. cinerea Oliv.

GOES.
G. pulchra Hald. G. oculata Lec.
G. debilis Lec.
ACANTHODERES.
A. quadrigibbus Say. A. decipiens Hald.
LEPTOSTYLUS.
L. aculiferus Say. L. commixtus Hald. '
L. parvus Lec. L. macula Say.
LIOPUS.
L. variegatus Hald. L. alpha Say.
L. fascicularis Harr. ie cinereus lee:
L. variegatus breeds in honey locust.

DECTES.

D. spinosus Say.

LEPTURGES.

L. symmetricus Hald. L.. querci Pitch:
i angulatussiec L. facetus Say.
L. signatus Lec. lk. regularis ice.

The latter is rare. I have beaten it from wild grape. The others
are common and occur on honey locust.
HYPERPLATYS.
H. aspersus Say. H. maculatus Hald.
UROGRAPHIS.
U. triangulifer Hald. U. fasciatus De G.
The former occurs on honey locust, the latter on beech.
ACANTHOCINUS.
A. obsoletus Oliv.
ECYRUS.
E. dasycerus Say. E. exiguus Lec.
56

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnatt. 163

EUPOGONIUS.

E. tomentosus Hald. E. submarginatus Lec.
KE. vestitus Say.

HIPPOPSIS.

H. lemniscata Fab.

SAPERDA.
S. calcarata Say. S. lateralis Fab.
S. vestita Say. S. puncticollis Say.
S. discoidea Fab. =. concolor Lee:
S. tridentata Oliv.

S. calcarata depredates on poplars, bores holes into the Carolina
poplars, causing them to break by the force of the wind. L. tri-
dentata during the last four or five years has done incalculable
damage in destroying the fine “white elms” (Ulimuts americana)
around this city. As S. tridentata has always been an abundant
species here, I can not understand why it should suddenly become
so destructive. Might it be due to the great destruction of wood-
peckers that has been carried on here for years? I have often
observed the red-headed woodpeckers (and other species) cutting
out these larve from the trunks of the trees. S. lateralis occurs
on hickory, puncticollis on Rhus.

MECAS.
M. inornata Say.

OBEREA.
O. tripunctata Fab. O. oculata Hald.
O. basalis Lec. O. mandarina Fab.
O. schumii Lec. O. ruficollis Fab.
TETROPS.

D..jucunda: Lec.

TETRAOPES.
T. canteriator Drap. T. tetraophthalmus Forst.

This last is the very common “milk weed” beetle. The former
is quite rare here. The best papers on the “Longicorns,” is
synopsis of Cerambycidae by Chas. W. Leng, vols. 1, 11, 1, Iv,
Entomologica Americana and Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. vi.
This work, which includes Leptura, was supplemented and com-
pleted in 1896 by Mr. Leng tand Dr. Hamilton, Trans. xxuu1,
p. to1. The Le Conte and Horn papers, in which were originally
given many of these synoptic tables, are now out of print and
unobtainable. The “Longicorns” have always been great favor-
ites with collectors in all parts of the world. Some of them are
very beautiful in form as well as color.

57

164 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CHRYSOMELID-.
‘Leaf Eaters.”

The numerous species of this family are mostly small insects,
many of them of brilliant colors and pretty ornamentation. They
can be collected in great numbers with a sweeping net, and also
by using an inverted umbrella. Holding it under the vegetation,
which is then beaten with a stick. The literature is scattered.
Crotch, Le Conte and Horn have published many papers (about
60) in proceedings, Academy Natural Sciences and Trans. Amer-
Ent. Soc., of Philadelphia, from 1851 to 1880. Since then Dr.
Horn has published several papers on various genera in Trans.
“Studies in Chrysomelide,” vol. x1x, p. 1; Eumolpini, 1892, vol.
XIX, p. 195; Galerucint, 1893, vol. xx, p. 59; Halticim, 1889, vol.
XVI, p. 163. Mr. Leng revised the Donacia Trans., 1891, XVIII,
p. 159. As many species of this family play a very important part
in agriculture ; they have been well studied by the Economic Ento-
mologists, and their life histories worked out, with figures of many
of the species and their larvee. This work has been published in
“Tnsect Life,’ and the reports of the different state Entomologists.
These reports can be obtained if applied for in time, by those
interested. Our genera and species are as follows:

DONACIA.
D. equalis Say. 3 D. rufa Say
D. metallica Ahrens.

Of the 27 N. A. species and varieties of Donacia given by Mr.
Leng, I have only taken three. This is doubtless due to want of
suitable environment, such as lakes with lily pads and other
aquatic vegetation.

SYNETA.

S. ferruginea Germ.
LEMA,
L. collaris Say. L. trilineata Oliv.
ANOM(@A,
A. laticlavia Forst.
COSCINOPTERA.
C. dominicana [ab.
BABIA,
B. quadriguttata Oliv.

SAXINIS.
S. omogera Lac.
58

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 165

CHLAMYS,
C. plicata Fab.
EXEMA,
E. gibber Oliv.

BASSAREUS,
B. formosus Melsh. B. recurvus Say.
B. detritus Oliv. B. lativittus Germ.
B. mammifer Newm.

CRYPTOCEPHALUS.
C. quadrimaculatus Say. ~ C. venustus var. simplex Haid.
C. quadrigtttulus Suff. C. “ var. cinctipennis Rand.
C. quadruplex Newm. C. insertus Hald.
C. guttulatus Oliv. C. mutabilis Melsh.
C. venustus Fab. C. badius Suffr.
PACHYBRACHYS,

P. viduatus Fab. P. atomarius Melsh.
P. trinotatus Wels. P. hepaticus Melsh.
P. tridens Melsh. P. dilatatus Suffr.
P. luridus Fab.

MONACHUS.
M. ater Hald. M. seminulum Suffr.
M. saponatus Fab.

DIACHUS,
D. auratus Fab. D. chlorizans Suffr.
D. pallidicornis Suffr.

XANTHONTA.
X. 10-notata Say. X. villosula Melsh.

FIDIA.

F, murina Cr, F. longipes Melsh.

GLYPTOSCELIS.
G. barbatus Say.
MYOCHROUS.
M. denticollis Say.
CHRYSOCHUS,

C. auratus Fab.
TY MNES.

T. bicolor Fab.

TYPOPHORUS,
T. viridicyaneus Cr. T. canella Fab.
Dr. Horn suppresses all the other species given in the check lists.
Our viridicyaneus are green, those from Texas bright blue.

5g

166 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.
Canella varies very much, being of all shades of color from light
all over, to jet black, which is the form called aterrima.
GRAPHOPS.
G. marcassita C7. G. nebulosa Lec.
COLASPIS.
C. brunnea Fab.
RHABDOPTERUS.
R. picipes Oliv.

This is the form given in the check lists as Colaspis praetexta.
See Horn’s paper on Ewmolpini before referred to.

NODONOTA.
N. tristis Oliv. N. convexa Say.
N. clypealis Horn. N. puncticollis Lec.

DORYPHORA,

D. clivicollis Kby. D. juncta Germ.
D. decemlineata Say.

The larve of D. juncta are different looking from decemlineata
and only found on Physalis. June.

CHRYSOMELA.

C. suturalis Fab. @.scalaris Lec.
C. similis log. C. multipunctata Say.
C. precelsis Rog. auc. “var. bigsbyana Kby.
C. elegans Oliv. C. multiguttata Stahl.
GASTROIDEA,
G. polygoni Linn. G. cyanea Melsh.
LINA.
L. lapponica Linn. Ie. scripta dab:
CEROTOMA.
C. trifurcata Forst.
PHYLLOBROTICA.
P. discoidea Fab.
PHYLLECHTHRUS.
P. gentilis Lec.
DIABROTICA.
D. duodecimpunctata Oliv. D. vittata Fab.
D. longicornis Say.
TRIRHABDA,

T. virgata Lec.
60

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 167

GALERUCELLA.

G. sexvittata Lec. G. tuberculata Say.
G. notulata Fab. G. decora Say.
G. nymphe Linn.

GALERUCA.

G. externa Say.
BLEPHARIDA.
B. rhois Forst.
HYPOLAMPSIS.
H. pilosa J1).

PH-EDROMUS.
P. paradoxus Melsh.

G:DIONYCHIS.
O. gibbitarsis Say. ©. thyamoides C7.
O. vians Il. O. sexmaculata JI.
O. thoracica Fab. ©. limbalis Melsh.
O. petaurista Fab.
DISONYCHA.
D. pennsylvanica Il. D. discoidea Fab.
D. caroliniana Fab. D. xanthomelena Dahl.
D. glabrata Fab. D. mellicollis Say.
D. abbreviata Mels. D. collata Fab.
SPH ZRODERMA.
5) opimia, Lec
HALTICA.
H. chalybea J7I. H. fuscoznea Mels.
H. ignita Jl. He burgestiCr.
H. carinata Germ.
TRICHALTICA.
T. scrabricula Cr.
ORTHALTICA.
O. copalina Fab.
| CREPIDODERA.
C. rufipes Linn. C. atriventris Melsh.
C. helxines Linn.
EPITRIX.
Bi fuscula Cr. E. cucumeris Harr.
E. lobata Cr. E. parvula Fab.
MANTURA.

M. floridana. Cr.
61

168 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CHETOCNEMA.
C. protensa Lec. C. parcepunctata Cyr.
C. denticulata /lhg. C. confinis Cr.
SYSTENA.
S. hudsonias forst. S. senilis Say.

APHTHONA.
A. insolita Wels.

PHYLLOTRETA.
sinuata Steph. P. bipustulata Fab.
vittata Fab. PB. picta,S ay.
LONGITARSUS.
turbatus Horn. L. solidaginis Horn.
testaceus Mels.

wit

nak

GLYPTINA.
G. spuria Lec.
DIBOLIA.
D. borealis Chev.
PSYLLIODES.

Pe -comvexior zc.
MICRORHOPALA.
M. porcata Melsh.
ODONTOTA.

©. dorsalis Thunb. O. nervosa Pane.
O. rubra Web.
OCTOTOMA.

O. plicatula Fab.
STENISPA,
Simetallicas lao:
CASSIDA,

C. bivittata Say.
COPTOCYCLA.

C. aurichalcea Fab. C. purpurata Boh.
C. guttata Ohw. C. clavata Fab.

CHELYMORPHA.
C. argus Licht.
Octotoma plicatula is a very curious species. I have found it
abundantly on the “Trumpet flower” (Tecoma radicans).
Coptocycla is abundant on the “wild morning glory” (Caly-
stegia sepmum). It is of the most beautiful golden hue, when fresh,

62

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 169

but when touched, begins to fade, and after death loses all of its
golden color. Muicrorhopala is very rare here.

BRUCHID-.
“Pod Weevels.”

Some of this family do considerable damage to beans, peas, etc.
Dr. Horn has a fine synopsis of the family in Trans. American
Ent. Soc., 1873, vol. Iv, pp. 311-342.

SPERMOPHAGUS.
S. robiniae Sch.

BRUCHUS.

B. pisi Linn. B. obsoletus Say.
B. mimus Say. B. hibisei Oliv.
B. discoideus Say. B. musculus Say.

B. bivulneratus Horn.

TENEBRIONID-.
“Dark ground beetles.”

Of this large and varied family we have comparatively few
species. Their metropolis being the semi-desert and sandy regions
of the West. Dr. Horn published a monog. of the family in Trans.
Amer. Philos. Soc., 1870, new series, vol. XIV, pp. 253-404, a paper
now hard to get. Since then the same author and Dr. Le Conte
have published synoptic tables of a number of genera in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., scattered from 1866 to 1880. Maj. T. L. Casey
has a number of synoptic tables in the Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1890-91.
Some of these treat of genera to which our local species belong.

NYCTOBATES.
N. pennsylvanicus De G. N. barbatus Knoch.

The first occurs in great numbers under the loose bark of trees,
the other is rare here, and differs in being smaller with much
coarser punctures.

HAPLANDRUS.

H. femoratus Fab.
SCOTOBATES.
S. calcaratus Fab.
XYLOPINUS.
X. saperdioides Fab.
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170 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

TENEBRIO.

T. obscurus Fab. T. castaneus Knoch.
T. molitor Linn. T. tenebrioides Beauv.
ADELINA.
A. pallida Say.
OPATRINUS,

O. notus Say.

TRIBOLIUM.

T. ferrugineum Fab. T. confusum Duv.
In package of buckwheat flour I found thousands of confusum
and its larvee, Sep.
DICEDUS.

D. punctatus Lec.
ECHOCERUS.
E. maxillosus Fab.

ALPHITOBIUS.
A. diaperinus Pang.

THARSUS.
T. seditiosus Lec.

ULOMA.
U. impressa Melsh., U. imberbis Lec.

EUTOCHIA.
E. picea Melsh,
ANZEDUS.
A. brunneus Ziegl.
PARATENETUS.
P. punctatus Sol. P. fuscus Lec.
PRATEUS.
P. fuscula Lec.
DIAPERIS.
D. hydni Fab.
HOPLOCEPHALA.
H. bicornis Oliv.

PLATYDEMA.

P. excavatum Say. P. ellipticum Fab.
P. ruficornis Sturm. P. picilabrum JZelsh.
P. flavipes Fab. P. subcostatum Lap.

64

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 171

PHYLETHUS.
P. bifasciatus Say.

HY POPHLEUS.
H. thoracicus Melsh. H. parallelus Melsh.

H. thoracicus was emerging from dead beech October 3, 1900.
I have taken here a Hypophleus which is new, and for which 1
propose the name Hypophlaus rugosus. I took the species years
ago and gave specimens to Drs. Horn and Le Conte, who then
pronounced it new. I have not heard that it has been described.
Its characters are as follows:

Hypophleus rugosus n. sp.

Dark brown, subshining, linear. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, squarely truncate in front and behind, sides arcuate, angles
obtuse, coarsely punctured. Interstices forming longitudinal rug
more evident in front and at sides. Elytra conjointly rounded at
tip,obsoletely striate and densely punctate, punctures finer than
those of thorax. Head evenly and finely puntured with a shallow
constriction behind the eyes, which are very prominent. Antenne
(including four-jointed club), ten-jointed. Length, 3.8 mm.
Eight specimens. Cincinnati, Ohio.

PENTAPHYLLUS.
P. pallidus Lec.

BOLITOTHERUS.
B. bifurcus Fab.
BOLETOPHAGUS.
B. corticola Say.
HELOPS.
H. micans Fab. H. cisteloides Gavm.
MERACANTHA.
M. contracta Beauv.
65

172 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

STRONGYLIUM.
S. terminatum Say. S. crenatum Makl.

Crenatum is a rare and beautiful species. I have beaten speci-
mens from the dead branches of Haw tree, June 22, 1900, and June
26, I9Ol.

CISL ELIDAL:

Maj. Casey has published a synopsis of this family in annals of
N. Y. Acad. Sciences, 1891, vol. v1, pp. 69-170.

ALLECULA.
A. nigrans Melsh.

HYMENORUS.
H. obscurus Say. H. humeralis Lec,
H. niger Mels. H. difficilis Casey.
H. rufipes Lec.
CISTELA.
C. brevis Say. C. ameena Say.
ISOMIRA.
I. quadristriata Coup. I. ruficollis Ham.
I. valida Sz.
MYCETOCHARA.
M. haldemani Lec. M. tenuis Lec.
M. fraterna Say. M. marginata Lec.
M. foveata Lec. M. binotata Say.
M. gilvipes Csy. M. gracilis Lec.
M. megalops Csy. M. laticollis Lec.

This was once a very rich locality for Mycetochara. I found
them in numbers on the trunks of dead trees. They are brittle
insects, breaking easily when handled. To get them perfect, they
should be picked up gently, not an easy thing to do, as they run so
rapidly and are not easily caught. They feed on fungus. I have
a species which I believe to be new and for which I propose the
name:

Mycetochara horni n. sp.

Color testaceus, head and thorax darker. Legs paler. Anterior
coxz very large and approximate. Elytra slightly wider behind

66

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 173

from middle. Separately rounded at tips. Striae moderately deep,
punctured and clothed with sparse, long, yellow, recumbent hairs.
Thorax wider than long, narrower than elytra at humeri, broadly
rounded in front, explanate at sides from apex to base, more
broadly at hind angles, which are obtusely rounded. Base almost
squarely truncate, disk with a broad shallow grove from base to
apex. Punctures rather coarser than those of elytra. Head still
more coarsely and deeply punctured. Eyes very large and prom-
inent, as large or larger in proportion than those of megalops
Casey, separated by the width of their narrowest diameter. Body
below rather coarsely and sparsely punctured. A large species, as
large or larger than the largest binotata. Length 7.8mm. Cincin-
nati, Ohio. I have seen two specimens. In looking at it years
ago Dr. Horn thought it new, and I have not seen any description
of it, so I dedicate it to him.
CAPNOCHROA.

C. fuliginosa Melsh.

ANDROCHIRUS.
A. fuscipes Melsh. A. erythropus Kby.
A. femoralis Ohv.
LAGRIID-.
ARTHROMACRA,

A. enea Say.

STATIRA.
S. splendens Melsh. S. gagatina Melsh.,

Dr. Horn has a synopsis of this family. Trans. 1888, vol. xv, p.
28. I find them by beating vegetation into an inverted umbrella.
May and June.

MELANDRYID-A.
TETRATOMA,
T. truncorum Lec. T. tessellata Melsh.
PENTHE.
P. obliquata Fab. P. pimelia Fab.

P. obliquata differs from the other by having the scutellum
covered with orange colored hairs.
SYNCHROA.
S. punctata Newm.
MALLODRYA.
M. subzenea Horn.
I discovered this new genus here in 1887. Dr. Horn described
67

174 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

it in Trans. April, 1888, vol. xv., p. 42. I beat the specimens,
which were then abundant, from the branches of dead “‘honey
locust.”

MELANDRYA.

M. striata Say.
SPILOTUS.
S. quadripustulosus J/Zels.
ENCHODES.
E. sericeus Hald.
MYSTAXUS.
M. simulator Newm.

HYPULUS.

H. lituratus Say. H. concolor Lec.
H. vandoueri Muls.
SYMPHORA.

S. flavicollis Hald. S. rugosa Hald.
EUSTROPHUS,

E. repandus Horn. Ix. tomentosus Say.

E. bicolor Say.

HOLOSTROPHUS.
H. bifasciatus Say.
HALLOMENUS.

H. scapularis Melsh.

ORCHESIA.
O. castanea Mels. O. gracilis Muls.
CANIFA,
C. plagiata Melsh. C. pallipes Melsh.
C. pusilla Hald.
NOTHUS.

N. varians Lec.
LACCONOTUS.
L. punctatus Lec.

Dr. Horn has published synopses of Hypulus, Eustrophus,
Holostrophus and Orchesia in Trans., 1888, vol. xv. He gave
Mycterus and Lacconotus in same publication in 1879 (vol. 7).
Le Conte published syn. of Hallomenus in Proc. Amer. Philos.
50c.,,.1878, vol: 17, p. 619.

68

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 17

on

PVT ELD AS.

PYTHO.
P. americanus Kby.

Only this one species of this family has been taken here, and that
years ago.

CGEDEMERIDA.

MICROTONUS.
M. sericans Lec.
NACERDES.
N. melanura Linn.
OXACIS.
OWeana Lec.
ASCLERA.
A. ruficollis Say. A. puncticollis Say.

MORDELLIDE.

In this journal, October, ’92, p. 123, I published a paper enum-
erating 53 species found here. Since then a few additions have
been made. The locality is very rich in the family. The synop-
sis by John B. Smith (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., July, 1882)
is the latest and best on the subject.

PENTARIA.
P. trifasciata Mels.

TOMOXIA.

T. bidentata Say. T. hilaris Say.
linea Lec.

MORDELLA.
M. borealis Lec. M. serval Say.
M. malena Germ. M. oculata Say.
M. scutellaris Fab. M. triloba Say.
M. octopunctata Fab. M. undulata Mels.
M. marginata Melsh. M. discoidea Mels.
M. lunulata Hel.

GLIPODES.

G. sericans Mels.

MORDELLISTENA.
M. bicinctella Lec. M. varians Lec.
M. arida Lec. M. gramica Lec.
M. lutea Melsh. M. ustulata Lec.

69

176 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.
M. trifasciata Say. M. semiusta Say.
M. lepidula Say. M. nigricans Mels.
M. limbalis Melsh. M. pustulata Mels.
M. biplagiata Helm. M. convicta Lec.
M. vilis Lec. M. splendens Smith.
M. vapida Lec. M. morula Lec.
M. decorella Lec. M. ambusta Lec.
M. bipustulata Hel. M. singularis Smith.
M. picipennis Siuth. M. unicolor Lec.
M. fulvicollis Jfelsh. M. marginalis Say.
M. militaris Lec. M. pubescens Fab.
M. comata Lec. M. bihamata Mels.
M. aspersa Mels. M. liturata Mels.
M. tosta Lec. M. fuscata Mels.
M. amica Lec. M. suturella Helm.
M. picilabris Hel. M. attenuata Say.
M. infima Lec. M. discolor Mels.

Among the unidentified species I have taken here, two are so
distinct that I describe them as new, and characterize them as
follows:

Mordellistena sexnotata, Nn. sp.

Brownish yellow, sparsely covered with coarse hairs, which
are finer and more sparse on head. Humeri each with a very dark
brown spot. Another in middle of elytra, beginning at base sur-
rounding scutellum and extending backward in triangular shape
about one third the length. A large nearly round spot on each
elytron at middle, but not attaining suture. And a sixth spot
or band across the elytra at posterior fourth, not attaining the tip.
A fain darker spot on disk of thorax. Tibia with three oblique
black ridges, the one nearest the tip being shorter. First joint
of tarsi with two, second with one. Legs all pale, length 3 mm.
One specimen Ky. opp. Cin., O.

70

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. aa

fit,

Mordellistena smithi, n. sp.

Piceus black. Anterior and middle legs testaceus. Elytra rufo
piceous with lighter red splotches on humeri extending obliquely
backward toward the suture. The amount of red varies, in some
specimens being more extended. Pubescence coarse, yellow.
Hind tibia with three, Ist tarsal joint with three, 2d with one, well
defined ridges. Length, 3.5 mm. 14 specimens, Cincinnati, O.
To my old friend, Prof. John B. Smith, of New Jersey, this species
is dedicated. His excellent paper on the family (Trans., July,
1882, p. 73) was the inspiration that started me into a study of
this interesting family. I have a number of Mordellistena that are
perhaps also new, which I have reserved for future study.

ANTHICID/E.

EURYGENIUS.
E. wildii Lec.
STEREOPALPUS.
S. mellyi Laf.
CORPHYRA.

C. canaliculata Lec. C. pulchra Lec.
C. terminalis Say. C. labiata Say.
C. fulvipes Newm. C. lugubris Say.

Corphyra labiata was an abundant species during May and
June. Found on tall “horse weeds” (Ambrosia trifida) growing
in river bottoms. Associated with them, but very much less
abundant, was the form described as C. pulchra by Le Conte.
This seems to be a mere variety of C. labiata having the legs pale.
In a large series they average the same size. C. lugubris is an
abundant species (May-June). C. fulvipes, seems to be a variety
of C. lugubris having the legs pale. It is less abundant than
lugubris. Of C. terminalis Say. Dr. Horn says, Trans., 1871, p.

71

178 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

282: ‘Yellow space at apex of elytra not impressed.” In a large
series of males, | start with the typical male form as defined above.
Then one with the faintest trace of an impression, and so on,
more and more defined, until one is reached with a well defined
impression, close to the suture but not attaining apical angle.
When Le Conte described C. canaliculata, Smith. Mis. Collections,
pt. I, p. 143, only a single one (type) was known. During
1880, I collected hundreds on the blossoms of “white thorn” and
“buckeye,” but all were females. They varied from the type in
color as follows: Thorax rufous, elytra black, and legs black.
The legs in the type were pale, thorax and elytra black, legs pale,
and black all over. Surely if C. pulchra and fulvipes are good
species, several could be made of canaliculata. Since 1880 I have
secured several males. They have the apices of elytra broadly
tipped with pale. Why the males should be so extremely rare, I
do not know. At certain “haw” trees when in blossom, by hold-
ing my umbrella inverted under the branches and striking them
a hard blow with a stick, Corphyra would shower down, hundreds
to a tree, and yet the larve are to me absolutely unknown, nor
have I the slightest idea where to look for them.

XYLOPHILUS.

X. basilis Lec. X. fasciatus Mels.
X. nebulosus Lec. X. piceus Lec.
MACRATRIA.
M. murina Fab.
NOTOXUS.
N. bicolor Say. N. monodon Fabr.
N. bifasciatus Lec. N. anchora Hentz.
TOMODERUS.

T. constrictus Say.
DILANDIUS.
D. myrmecops Csy.

I took this singular species from under a flat stone, Nov. 17.

ANTHICUS.
A. obscurus Laf. A. floralis Payk.
A. sturmii Laf. A. cervinus Laf.
A. formicarius Laf. A. pubescens Lec.

A. cinctus Say.

The synopsis by Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science of Phil.,
vol. 6, p. 9, is very old, being publishing in 1852, since then Dr.
Horn has published good synopsis of Corphyra and Notoxus
Trans., vol. x, 1883. Maj. Casey has paper on Anthicide, Col.
notices in Annals of N. Y. Acad. Sciences, vitI, p. 624.

72

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 179

PYROCHROID A.
PYROCHROA.
P. flabellata Fab. P. femoralis Lec.
DENDROIDES.
D. bicolor Newz. D. concolor Newm.

Le Conte published synopsis in 1855, Proc. Acad., vol. 7, p. 274.

MELOID-A.
“Blister Beetles.”

This family is not very abundant here. Le Conte published
synopsis in 1853, vol. 6, p. 328-350. Macrobasis and Epicauta
were treated by Horn in 1873, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 13.

MELOE,
M. impressus Kby.
TRICRANIA,
T. sanguinipennis Say.

March 22, 1896, I took 7 of this species crawling on “sorrel,”
Rume..
ZONITIS.
Z. bilineata Say:

MACROBASIS.

M. unicolor Kby. M. immaculata Say.
EPICAUTA.
E. vittata Fab. E. pennsylvanica De G.

EK. cinerea Forst.
POMPHOPEA.

Ps enea Say,

April 27, 1891, I took a fine male and female of this species
from the throat of a kingbird I had shot for preservation.

RHIPIPHORID-.

PELECOTOMA.
P. flavipes Meish.
But one specimen of this species in many years.
RHIPIPHORUS.

R. dimidiatus Fab. R. limbatus Fab.
R. cruentus Germ.
I find these three species in the fall on flowers.

13

180 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

MYODITES.
M. fasciatus Say.

Myodites are found on blossoms but they take flight so quickly
when alarmed, that they are quite difficult to catch.

STYLOPIDA.

XENOS.
X. peckii Kby.

A very curious genus that is parasitic in the bodies of wasps.
During 1900 and i1go1 I captured a number of wasps that were
infected with these very interesting little creatures. The figures
given in Packard’s Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 482-483, for
Stylops childreni are exactly those of Xenos pecku as I have
been able to identify the species. Our talented and lamented
friend, H. G. Hubbard, has given a most interesting account of
the rearing of Xenos from a colony of wasps in Fla. See Can.
Entomologist, Oct., 1892, p. 259. I have one of these specimens
and it only differs from mine in being of a pale color, mine being
sooty black. 1 have hatched Xenos from the following wasps,
viz.: Amnophila urnaria, Polistes fuscatus, Prionyx atrata, Sphex
ichneumonea, Odynerius molestus.

I have pinned in my box with Xenos the following host wasps,
Viz:

Poslistes 5, Prionyx 3, Amnophila 2, Sphex and Odynerus one
each. And this is about the proportion in which I found they
were infected. I confined the .infected wasps in tumbler with
false bottom of screen wire, first putting in bit of blotter to absorb
moisture that might run down. I fed the wasps jelly and water,
which they greedily ate, first convincing themsclves that they could
not escape. Stylopized individuals appeared during June, July,
August, September and October. Most of the male Xenos were
hatched in August. Several wasps died before the beetles
hatched. From one of these I hatched the beetle after the wasp
had been dead two days; from another dead wasp containing onlv
female Nenos, a lot of the minute larve hatched and crawled out
on the tips of the hairs of the wasp and died there. The activity
of the male Xenos, so well described by Mr. Hubbard in the
article above referred to, is simply astonishing, and it is no wonder
that the creature wears itself out and dies in 20 or 30 minutes.
If the wasp can catch the Xenos she makes short work of it. In
trying to take out of tumbler a male Xenos I allowed it to escape
and it darted away like a flash. The Xenos when hatched is jet,
opaque black, the fan-like wings when fresh have a beautiful
mother of pearl iridescent tinge. The body is very flexible and

74

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 181

How union of the

they keep twisting and writhing it about.
Though

sexes is effected 1 have so far been unable to find out.
if the end of the female that projects is the end that receives the
male, then the operation would be considerably simplified.

The remaining families are called “Snout Beetles” and “Wee-

vils.” Most of them have the head prolonged into a snout or

proboscis.

RHYNCHITID&.
EUGNAMPTUS.

E. angustatus Hbst. E. collaris Fab.

RHYNCHITES.
R. hirtus Fab.

ATTELABIDAL,

ATTELABUS.
A. bipustulatus Fab.

OTIORHY NCHID/E.

HORMORUS.
H. undulatus Uhiler.
AMNESIA.
A. grisea Hori.
PANSCOPUS.
P. erinaceus Say.
PHYXELIS.
P. rigidus Say.
CERCOPEUS.
C. chrysorrhaeus Say.
TANYMECUS.
T. confertus Gyll.
PANDELETE] US.
P. pilaris Hast.
BRACHYSTYLUS.
B. acutus Say.
APHRASTUS.
A. teeniatus Say.
75

182 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

CYPHOMIMUS.
C. dorsalis Horn.
ARACANTHUS,
A. pallidus Say.
SITONES.
S. flavescens Marsh.

CURCULIONID#,
ITHYCERUS.
I. noveboracensis Forst.

APION.
A. cribricolle Lec. A. porcatum Boh.

Many unidentified species.

The latest paper on Apion is by Mr. H. C. Fall, Trans., vol.

Oct., 1898, p. 105.

PHYTONOMUS.
P. punctatus Fab. P. comptus Say.
LISTRONOTUS.
L. tuberosus Lec. L. sulcirostris Lec.
L. squamiger Say. L. latiusculus Boh.
L. inzequalipennis Boh, L. caudatus Say.
Many unnamed species.
MACROPS.
M. spurcus Boh. M. solutus Boh.
Many unnamed species.
LIXUS.
L. punctinasus Lec. L. concavus Say.
L. terminalis Lec. L. amplexus Casey.
DORYTOMUS.
D. mucidus Say. D. brevicollis Lec.
BARYTYCHIUS.
B. ameenus Say.
SMICRONYX.
S. ovipennis Lec. 5. -vestitus Wee.
S. flavicans Lec. S. corniculatus Fab.
S. tychoides Lec.
ONYCHYLIS.

O. nigrirostris Boh.
76

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 183

LISSORHOPTRUS.
L. simplex Say.

BAGOUS.

B. sellatus Lec. B., restrictus: Lec:

B. magister Lec. B. mammillatus Say.
OTIDOCEPHALUS.

O. myrmex Hbst. O. levicollis Horn.

O. chevrolatii Horn. O. perforatus Horn.

The last named is rare, the others common. Perforatus may be
known from the others, by its brown color, the others are shining
black; good anatomical characters, however, separate them. See
Horn’s Synopsis, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1873, vol. 13, p. 448.

MAGDALIS,
M. lecontei Horn. M. armicollis Say.
M. barbita Say. M. pallida Say.
M. pandura Say.

COCCOTORUS.

C. scutellaris Lec.

ANTHONOMUS.

A. quadrigibbus Say. A. suturalis Lec.
A. nebulosus Lec. A. corvulus Lec.
A. profundus Lec. “A. crategi Walsh.
A. scutellatus Gyll. A. mixtus Lec.
A. signatus Say. A. validus Dts.

ORCHESTES.

. pallicornis Say. O. niger Horn:
. canus Horn. ©. ephippiatus Say.

ELLESCHUS.
E. ephippiatus Say.
PRIONOMERUS.
P. calceatus Say.
PIAZORHINUS.
P. scutellaris Say.
THYSANOCNEMIS.
T. fraxini Lec. T. helvola Lec.
PLOCETES.
PY ola Lec.
GYMNETRON.
G. teter Fab.
qe

184 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

L/EMOSACCUS.

L. plagiatus Fab.

CONOTRACHELUS.
C. juglandis Lec. C. adspersus Lec.
C. albicinctus Lec. C. posticatus Say.
C. nenuphar Hbst. C. geminatus Dey.
C. seniculus Lec. C. cribricollis Say.
C. afhinis S27, C. tuberosus Lec.
C. elegans Boh. C. anaglypticus Say.
C. crategi Melsh. © erinadeus Wee:
RYSSEMATUS.
R. palmacollis Say. R. annectens Casey.

R. equalis Horn.

The last species I found eating out the heads of the “swamp
mild weed” (Asclepias incarnata) growing on the border of ponds,
May 24. It was abundant. ~

ZAGLYPTUS.

Z. sulcatus Lec. ZL. striatus Lec.

Sulcatus is abundant, striatus is rare. It has been suggested
to me that they were sexes of each other, but I am convinced they
are distinct, as I have found both species paired.

MICROHYUS. :

M. setiger Lec.

ACAMPTUS.
A. rigidus Lec. A. echinus Lec.
ACALLES.
A. carinatus Lec. A. clavatus Say.
A. sordidus Lec.
CANISTES.

C. schusteri Casey.

TYLODERMA,
T. foveolatum Say. T. fragarize Riley.
T. nigrum Casey. T. variegatum Horn.
T. xreum Say.
PSOMUS.

P.. politus Casey.
PHYRDENUS.

P. undatus Lec.
78

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 185

CRYPTORHYNCHUS.
C. parochus Hbst. Cyfallax Lec.
C. bisignatus Say. C. minutissimus Lec.
C. fuscatus Lec. C. ferratus Say.
C. obtentus Hbst. ~
PIAZURUS.

P. oculatus Say.
COPTURUS.
C. quercus Say. C. binotatus Lec.
ACOPTUS.
A. suturalis Lec.
TACHYGONUS.
T. tardipes Lec.
I have taken this very curious little beetle by beating white
em (Ulmus americana) into an inverted umbrella, June 19.

CRAPONIUS.
G. ineequalis Say.

CCELIODES.
C. curtus Gyll. C. acephalus Say.
C. asper Lec. C. nebulosus Lec.
C. flavicaudis Boh.
CEUTORHYNCHUS.
C. rape Gylll. C. zimmermani Gyll.
C. sulcipennis Lec. C. erysimi Fab.

C. septentrionalis Gyll.
This last species I never observed here until 1892.
PELENOMUS.
P. sulcicollis Fab.
CCELOGASTER.
C. zimmermani Gyll.

RHINONCUS.
R. percarpius Linn. R. longulus Lec.
R. pyrrhopus Lec.
BARIS.
B. umbilicata Lec. B. tumescens Lec.
B. transversa Say. B. zrea Boh.
TRICHOBARIS.

T. trinotata Say.

PSEUDOBARIS.
P. angusta Lec.
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186 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

GLYPTOBARIS.

G. rugicollis Lec.
AULOBARIS.

A. scolopax Say.

AMPELOGLYPTER.

A. sesostris Lec. Aw ater Lec.
MADARUS.
M. undulatus Say.

STETHOBARIS.
S. tubulatus Say.

CENTRINUS.
C. scutellum-album Say. C. confusus Boh.
C. strigicollis Casey. , C. prolixus Lec.
C. striatirostris Lec. C. perscitus Hbst.
C. modestus Boh. C. picumnus Hbst.

LIM NOBARIS.
Le calvarizee Le punctifer Casey:
L. rectirostris Lec.

ZYGOBARIS.

T. subcalva Lec.
BARINUS.

B. cribricollis Lec.
EUCHLETES.

E. echidna Lec.

This curious little porcupine weevil was in clusters on trunk
ofa dead: beech: tree, Sept. 27, 1900.. 1 took one cluster of 30:
They very closely resemble the color of the bark.

PLOCAMUS.
P. hispidulus Lec.

BALANINUS.

B. nasicus Say. B. quercus Horn.
B. carye Horn. B. uniformis Lec.
BRENTHID.

EUPSALIS.
E. minuta Drury.
This is the only representative we have here of the array of

strange looking elongate forms that are found in tropical coun-
tries. We have in the extreme South and S. West three species

80

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 187

of Brenthus. Eupsalis lives under bark. I have found many
under the bark of a buckeye tree. The male has the mouth parts
shaped like pincers,. quite different from the straight beak of the
female.

CALANDRID.

RHODOBENUS.
R. tredecimpunctatus ///.

SPHENOPHORUS.
S. zee Walsh. S. callosus Oliv.
S. melanocephalus Fabr. S. parvulus Gyll.
S. sayi Gyll.
CALANDRA.
C. oryzae Linn. C. remotepunctata Gyll.
C. granaria Fab.

DRYOPHTHORUS.
D. americanus Bedel.
DRYOTRIBUS.
D. mimeticus Horn.
TYPHLOGLYMMA.
T. puteolatum Dury.
This was described by me in this journal, March 27, 1901.

HIMATIUM.
H.errans: Lec.

COSSONUS.
C. platalea Say. C. corticola Say.
C. concinnus Boh. C. several unnamed species.

ALLOMIMUS.
A. dubius Horn.
STENOMIMUS.

S. pallidus Boh.
WOLLASTONIA.
W. quercicola Boh.
AMAURORHINUS.
A. nitens Horn.
PHLG:OPHAGUS.
P. minor Horn.
STENOSCELIS.

S. brevis Boh.

ar

188 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

SCOLY TIDAL
A large family, some of them very destructive to timber.
PLATYPUS.
P. compositus Say.
MONARTHRUM.
M. fasciatum Say. M. mali Fitch.
PITYOPHTHORUS.
P. pullus Zimin.
HYPOTHENEMUS.
H. eruditus West.

XYLOTERUS,

X. politus Say.

XYLEBORUS.
X. celsus Eich. X. pubescens Zimm.
X. xylographus Say. X. celatus Etch.
TOMICUS.

T. calligraphus Germ.
MICRACIS.
M. rudis Lec.
THYSANOES.
T. fimbricornis Lec.

SCOLYTUS.
S. quadrispinosus Say. S. rugulosus Ritz.
S. muticus Say.

CHRAMESUS.

C. seorize: Lec.
PHLCOTRIBUS,
P. liminaris Harris. P. frontalis Oliv.

P. linunaris has been taken on the “bladder nut” (Staphylea
trifoliata) by Prof. Hine.
CNESINUS.

C. strigicollis Lec.
DENDROCTONUS.
D. terebrans Lec.
CRYPTURGUS.
C. atomus Lec.
82

Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 189

HYLESINUS.
H. aculeatus Say. H. sericeus Mann,
H. fasciatus Say.

HYLASTES.

H.rufipes Eich.

Hl, rufipes is the same as Hylesinus opaculus of the check list.
See Proc. Nat. Musuem, vol. 18, p. 605.

ANTHRIBID/A.

EURYMYCTER.
E. fasciatus Oliv.
TROPIDERES.
T. bimdculatus Oliv, T.. rectus: Lec.
ALLANDRUS. .
A. bifasciatus Lec.

HOR MISCUS.
Hi: saltator: Lec.

TOXOTROPIS.
T. pusillus Lec.

EUSPHYRUS.
E. walshii Lec.

I have taken these last three species on osage orange.
PIEZOCORYNUS.
P. dispar Gyll. Pamixtus: ec:

ANTHRIBUS.
A. cornutus Say.

CRATOPARIS.
C. lunatus Fab.
BRACHYTARSUS.
B. alternatus Say. B. tomentosus Say.
B. variegatus Say.
ARZEOCERUS.

A. fasciculatus De G.
Found in coffee berries.
CHORAGUS.

C. sayii Lec.

Several unidentified species of Scolytids and Anthribids prob-
ably new.

83

faye

ih
Ae
eho

: | Ne. ae Weg

it eerie a

PAGE
PCa Le Sts acres nie eee 7
ENCANLPLUS: © 37.1eerkin 7
Acanthocinus ....... 50
Acanthoderes ....... 56
PERG S's, suc /sucrateneeaton Tat
PNCIMe OCEAN tps aensts 40
ENGINICCOPS, eter eteciaiee 55
INCOPUUSE ha-iee teste 7O
ENCES, 43 oi7esi tiers the 29
PXCHEMOGES tect che cists 39
PNGUODUMS, oslarsrn ahaa rey 17
Weylephorus, i4.:.25:.. 16
PxMelaiae ys: ees eee 64
Wdelocera: xaccnie dere: 35
PNGEAMIES ycteccuhVeltusacic LA
Bi oialliialss, vc isi8 Balen 47
ASOENIURY Bien Pear eter IL
Avcathidiuim:. ~ +. iz <)- 14
ING ONOMERIS .. 2 2)ih 9
PNeurIS cpr e..,5 atta Sek 4O
/\GHTOLUSS ae en one 37
Pla Ss 2 ak biepstr | etic 36
PMleochata: nia.ekteniae 16
ANitbatchori meyer Getans res 31

PN Werrnuclint’s: «2. /.ty acet <e 4

PRUMEC (tansy) se ieere OO
AN iikovaasta tbe eens Onur 8I
PAMorhititar 9, ace one Shouts 50
/ANIKG{0) ebb D Odea id lene ae 19
EVIphMitObius <retae des 64
NSTI cf OR Reeser aE she tes 7
Amaurorhinus ......81
/ Nigh C On ea one 7s
Ampeloglypter ......80
Amphicrossus ......20
JASE CCG bbe peer eein 64
/\TERDIC Ok enbe io paeateanee 22
IAMCHASTIIS: aaetnine eee 36
PNIEYV) OUMIMS = ote eieloe 21
Androchirus ........ 67
PASrIMNIS, ee ers etna 5
Anisodactylus ...... 9
FARO ITs) s so eer rae 4A
EX OMIA laleere-cLere GO
AUHOMNOEE Moo tn nid Ane 58
Anomoglossus ...... 9
PRD MAR). tek: de a)
Antherophagus ..... 26
ANTHICID Aar3\< 71

INTE) Xe):

PAGE.
Anthicus ... eres
AmthOcomiusy =k). ee) 2
Anthonomus, ....... 77
ATIEMGENUS) sane: 28
ANTERIBIMDAL <71583
JANIE AM OOS eepoie ete oe 83
DE AIDEHES To MeN aeeiels 8
AMO itisiyccs alee 49
EX phonriStasataacereren: 2
IAGaStuSms weil: 75
AND MA OVOSTEY Soe co buebe 2

NDUOMS 2.215 AACE
ODO COMES SS won occ c
ANipehechayd ails Go ac 40-07
Areocerus
ANEATStOMIIS 45) 4h eS
Arhopalus Ateh errs
PATEL Omla Chae nce
ENSApILES Poet

IASClerass uae 69
PASS CILMI) 5.2 see Se
Ateenius BA,
Athous Bet
UNCC IMUSiaeneronce het ey ENG 14
ANGCONAIEBCIEL by Se ee Lao OZ?
AT AMUTSY 1 Socvath casey. 28
Ast Galiise Ss utsaiin esi 42
Attegenus BEE SAIS2 7,

A DE ICAB LID Aa yer:

ZaNquisel il OYGISA ease neo a ee 75
LN WATESS NOs olg ee Ee)
Atilobarisepsras eer 80

ANGKorailohan agp oo ooee eas
Balbiaet (ahead rake

Bacariidseres yates 29
Bactcidimm~ we .42.15 tae
BROcerarrm ayaa sets 20
Bag Osis srtaeneee 77
Ballamanitsy otsereueeres 80
Banintise een snaeue 80
BaiSer tree ye ahora ea ea 70
Banyiychitsaen aay. 70
Bassanewsy a7 ere. 50
AUGISINS: se. re eR 15

Batyle nla tack Ns

Bellamimahsecia. a: 55
iBelonielitis 26k 17
Bembiditime eases 5

IBEROSUS) . Vaan ee Le

85

Bid essiisia ener Mrs areslO
2 Un@ unmet ioc Gee atcha oes
Biladiitses Gok eee ea
Bilechiniisic.) aareee sey: 6
ilecdiinGyan sn eee: 19
Ble phiatid aly... terete. 61
Bolbocerus .........40
Boletobinsy © s.ss.k o 18
Boletophagus ...... 65
Boletotherus .....:. 65
iBosthychitsmeonsen 45
Bothrideres a... 52 25
Brachyacantha 22
Brachylobts, asa a. 9
ishekeuaembis: Bose oben 8
BralchiySeseeeaera teed O
Brachystylus 75
Brachytarstisercce+..08
Bradycellus ........ 9
BRENTHIDZL .....80
BLOMtes,.«.. v= snus
BRU GEMD AT Pye 63
HB Gold Chas) ain a 63
Bp yasa'S aceasta paee 15
BSEVODOGUS HU. ser LO
BURR E Sie Dizis 38
IBtiprestisi. eee 30
Gzenocaiagenaane ae 45
Cenoscelis .........2
Calanciragaeysae eee 8r
CALANDRID£ ...81
@alathniusee saat: a
S(GAIlINGER Boviepaes seen
Gallirditimm ees eee 52
@allamoxysye ss 5S
Calochromus =. ssss2 AI
Calopterom: = el 40
Galosomaye 3 sss he 4
Camipyhus) 2.6.7,
(Gani ta tte es ere 68
Canistesn ee iciia. ee 7o
Canton overeat 47
sC@apnochtoa he. sack 67
(CUNIRUAIB IUD WARN ele anh
Garabus eh. ieee 4
Cardiophorus .......36
Garpophilus eeseeeeeo
Gartoderes 2ekissca56Cr
Casnonia; titel ect 8

192
PAGE.

Gassicarn ie ee 62
Catowenus 4. vice «420
Gedinis anna aonere 15
Centrimius) 2) eco
Centrodera sae. eee 5
Ceophyllasye en ersslS
Cephaloscymnus ....22
Cephennium ........ 14
Geracisnsekanacmenen 46
CERAMBYCID4 ..52
@ercopetiss ss. sees 7
Cercush ese me rene 29
GET CYOlle sae teres ae 12
Cerophytum ........38
@erotomaln. stores 60
Cenylone: feces ee
Ceutorhynchus ..... 70
Cheetocnema ........62
Chalcolepidius ...... 30
@halcophorates 39
Chalepuse ante cecicien 50
@hariressa ype errr 43
Chauliognathus .....41
Chelymorpha ....... 62
Ghevirolatiaces eee er 14
Chilocorus! Bete ee
Ehiton! wet pe aint as 53
Chlenius . TS VoRN ets
Ohilennny~S sdosoad boda
@hoenidivine. eee 47
Gholenttsie: masts see
Gholevayeence en 13
CGhoragtisee eee ele 83
Ghratmestiss seen ene 82
Chrysobothris ......39
GhrysOchtusy | seas O
Chrysomela ... .60
CHRYSOMELID. zx

Pee PRL 77 pega PARR AS Ute 58
@icimndelasery nance
CIEIND ETD As ia:
CrcOnes mine vase eed.
@iny rar cl Se eee 39
CIOIDA eA
Gis. gee
@istelayia.<.5- eOG
GISTELLD AS ,. 6-66
CUBIBIRIDVABE 2 pd ake? 43
Gliniditime ss. ne:
Ghivanais fi. be Monee
Cloeotus si haneeca: 49
Clytanthus’ jee eens
Cnemidotus™ 4222.10
Gnesimiss- acest 82
Coccinella .... 21
COCCINELLIDZ .21

Index:

Coccotontiswancee: a7 Tia
Ccelambus ee aeecien a- 10
Coeltodesmyse,. cares er 79
Ccelogastern .o.-e aoe 79
GolaspiSs-wasenrasecr 60
Golaisttis ert totes

Wolenisnsuseceenen: 13
Collopsey cnn see 42
Golo ccc seer 13
COLY DINDASR era s2a
Colyditim’. -.ee ese 25
@onosomalehasestaer 18
Gonotelticoe races

Conotrachelus.......78
Gopelatusy |e. area II
Copnriss hac carmen 47
@optoevclayy-cmector 62
Coptoderay madera 6
Coprotomiusier eres 10
Coptiunusteaee rerio
Gorphy tas. sive: 71
Gorticantayee eee ace 31
CORMEO PEMD Ase am
Gorymbites Sea 37,
Coscinoptera /s..-.-- 58
Gossomusin: voor: 81
Cotalpaleccmcckoner 50
Craponitish.. sheer 70
Gratacanthtus: {eee 9
CGraropanis reer 83
(Cikeeayel, 5o'5+ wine SAS
Chremastochilus WAST
Greophiltismeeeeeee 16
Crepidodera 223.222 61
Grosimusias Ame 27
Cryptarchat: scdeen 31
Oiniowelombinl sen ceear 17
Cryptocephalus .....50
Cryptognatha ....... 22
Cryptohypnus ......36
CRY PTOPHAGI-

DD Ane nie hee ae 26
Cryptophacismenee 2
Cryptopleurum ..... 12
Cryptorhopalum ....28
Cryptorhynchus ....79
Cry ptursus. sce 82
WheniSieSso tein erie 15
CUCUIMND AS 826
Gucwuiiseee: aes
@upespeaenee 2645
CUPESIDE . HAS
CURCULIONIDE 76
Cybister % ANE
Cybocephalus ...... 30
@ychints) ate Shes

86

PAGE
Cyclocephala ......- 50
Gyllenen ne etree etee 54
Cymatoderay = ees. 43
Cy mimic: ee everest 8
Cy pacts seem ere 20
Gy phomimiis eae 76
Cy PT OM Ati stereo ee 34
Cyctinse...eyaeeen 55
Cyrtophoriss Seem 54
Dacre \2.52 Beaty eek
DASCYLLIDZ vA
WE CTES ai wie cues eaCeEe: 56
Deltometopus -...~.. 35
Dendroctonus ...... 82
Dendroides Bee)
Dendrophilus ...... 29
DERMESTIDAXEEE2
Dermestes.... .27
DERODON TID .32
DWerodontus =.-eeeer 2
Desmocerus ....-..-. 54
DrabroLica meres neie 60
Diaehnise eee ee 50
Dialy tess ccwcneeeeA9
Diapeniser ene senor 64
Dibolia seemed te 62
Diczliss cence kei,
ID Wiofereorh mug yer cod Ac 39
Dichelonycha .......49
IDMileavohibisy 35S 5 6Go ae e
ID bakebubIGek pa Gaos cor II
DinoderuSan. smear A5
Bind psis mets cents ue LO
Diochws were meee
Dicedush Aenean eos
Diplocwelus eeeceeeee7
Diplotaxits<Auehakeee 50
Disonychiaisi..ictereee 61
DiSteniia eerie 54
Donacta eae 58
Dorcaschema .......56
Dorcatomaiseeeades45
Derrek aids Gs ae gu neulO
Donny pilonarken aeeare 60
Dory tomusp aay:
Drapetess...nseee al 38
(Drastenitts mere tet 36
Dromeulus ....:... 35
IDSrohasbholsy Aa642 deo oc 6
DryoblUs eke soos
Dryophthorus ......81
Diryotnbus sansa St
Dy nastest nent 50
DivsGhinitisieseee reat 4
IDYORUS Clip 7aver ror 10
Dy tiscuse asker ee ne

PAGE.
IS NEHA nae gence docs aoe 53
GhOCeRUsveens cone 64
Eictopmiar ine atee se Eyal
IBioiab hh Enemas apie 56
Flap htdion? strc) eee 53
Ribeplintts sy vtae 1a ers 4
lasmocenus: Selects 43
Meite igre sche were 36
AGED) Ata sd
ilewsis. 2°. 92) ta Att. b0
DINGS Tess oleae 77
Billy china), 1sh<:cee ete te? 4t
Bmchodes' 7 :.jeege asi: 68
BincyiClOps nacre. 54
Endecatomus ....... 45
ENDOMYCHID 4.22
Endomychus ....... 23
EM GMtS gre Saree es 31
Ennearthron ........ 46
Entomophthalmus ..35
RA UCAU ta seeps ee 73
PEIERUS ote ns Sots 28
Hipdlachimeais senses 22
LD) ne bee meaner Ray pe OT |
IENDKULRSER he daa etdeatme ee ieee 30
REMOMMUS <5 s2 45 een. 18
HEMObTUSe 20s AY
HUGO Spaeth re ee eae
ony latiakis: iat e25
TEI R(G)IENGIGAUD Ie eee)
Euesthetus ........ “7
Mmceratocertisis -as0h 45
HiGhcehes tees Stent 80
IBWcIMebUSi.n es ees tt: 33
BISMeIMIS cose ralae ook oS
icradd: sie. ce ved
PEadercesn® ssaecn tke 54
Mindesinias cc... Oo. rent 24
Biiomamptisrse 2 e275
ETM TIIS) wera eters: Td
IPAGLUs ee 8 ete!
VCO Oiiae seer vine. 51
BD MOGMICUS eet. a ae 8
tiple ctits waewyan ih. fs 15
EMIpOPOnitism ene sos 57
Bipealts: @. secte cn sO
EN Op sles sateen ares eee 32
my eMis Awaepaaee 7.
Eurymycter ........83
BS plny Gus = reset asOs
BNStroplatises: .. sets 68
UUIEO Clans arias cena 64
NVA REM TS oe.) Ae ey,
SETI Ae am eee epee oe 50
plagtiawnesty. wee a eG
A TOMES: males a 15

Index.

PAGE.
IEAii catalyse talavariatcia a ake 50
OTK Veh ates che ee 35
Galetita i Bee 8
Galerucay 2h tas 6%
Galeracella eet aa 61
Gastrordeasyeinclans 60
Gaurotesiasneae ae SS
Geodromicus ....... 19
Geopimus : sent teas at 9
GEORYSSIDAs = 2 182
GeOnySSUS) facie: 32
Geotrupes aan 49
Glipodesmsaesrenore. 69
Glyphonyacteeere 37
Clyptina eee 62
Glyptobaris:*: 2. 5.7i280
Glyptoma Ry aa 10)
Gly ptoscelisimi. ene. 59
(GanOimhawlGls) BeeHode ade 5I
Goes ee eee Ae 56
Graphlops sare eer 60
Grynochanisi cy 2 Se
Grymminvetrone cease siete TG
GYERUINTIDIZB Fes ier II
Gy mimise te es er aL
Hadrobregmus ..... 4A
EVA ERIC TDA ear. 10
lailnpliigues wasnt. 10)
Hallomenus ....... .68
Fall tiGam cane rey Or
Haplandris eee 63
JINR DENKRNS vi io bola ect AO)
Helluomorpha-e.)4.- 8
RElOdeS- k= annem oad
Helophorus Peay
Fel OP Semmrms vale are 65
Hemiptychus .......44
RVemitaiptSe ssa 36
Hesperobeenus ......32
letaenitisn seme meee 28
Heterachthes ....... 53
HETEROCERIDZE 33
nlieterocertseinass sh =233
EVEtGenisn. eves cae 56
Jaliboniehinqobanh) Gls or meine!
Hippodamia’.s-9-6 5. Ale
HaloyaYopSi aebeuowlo oe 57
HISTERID AL. 2.28
SUCH Bw temas mnie teeoee 2s
IFOLOVED Tense ene 28
Holostrophus .......68
Flotmallitina ee sas ao
HOmalotane seme alo
elo pliai sh eaniaeeaa 49
Hoplocephala . 64
Horistonotus ....... 36

87

193

PAGE.

ROAMING GIRS chapeole a 83
EVO GMOGUG) Nata hie 75
FelryidinOG eran ra. aiee 43
leliab ROE hc Adlolaes Held 12
Hydrocanthus ...... 10
leltydiro clraigis a seseeeior 12
Hydrocombus ...... 12
HYDROPHILID 11
Hydrophilus enn 2'- Il
Hiydroporus ........10
FekViCGOVAGUS 2). eran: 10
Elvilastesis bo.7 arene ee 83
Hyleccetus BAS
lalyatscibatbly semis earaeic 83
lial yyalojnnbh pes soe neces ores
Hymenorus eOO
ELV peraSplsienee ene
Ely penplanysmermect et 56
Ely pOCcelisueast te ess
Flypolampsisn 922 422% 61
Hypophleeus ..65
Hypothenemus ..... 82
Hypulus . 08
Rehiiea ss CLUS 43
IC DISA Eat ae see LO
AIG) Rpctaes ican ereraraeart 20
iD Ghe Sahat een een 31
lischiodonttisee. jek. 36
ischiyntisyie fers eet
Tsomira 5 te)
Ichiycentisies. ener 76
Laccobius RES ea
aACCONOtUS! wee ase Os
accophilusi sth. 210
Wachnosternay .32. 52/50
eemophiloeis 0-20
[emMOsaceuse sures. 78
IGA'G RSD AR: sia 07
BAMPY RID AD 2.7240
San otitntanee sae 23
Basconotws 20. 5625
LATHRIDUDZ_ sel
lesa @iiblS ee 6 ae be 31
Batiirimecerimy 4-6
Te achgo bata ers yee 17
Bar hropise.s-keac vee 20
Webiage ees et cy ae 6
[Cemmaay es fea eee sO
Weptcicimushen es 17
LEPTINIDA 12
LE ep tira set eee) tapes 12
ibeptoschema ts) sa. 37
Leptostylus 56
Leptotrachelus ..... 8
WGepiuirad wos tease Mee 55
Wepturgesy. cease aa 56

194

PAGE.
Westeya. . <oversamenne 19
Leto FILS, «. ee Se rte ent 50
TpiIMichus) 4p eetestine 32
si MODATIS Meee eter so
Limonius E337
(ina tee seers 60
TLiodes) 2ihisieaneiston 14
TACpUSHL Ee hee 50
Lassorhopius te). 77
Listotrophusy 2: +). 10
Isistronotus S2 ei: cha 76
tar ous? <2 525 cle eetenels 27
Terpiochpris’) eevee iter 18
IE pits ig ieee cay cena. 7
Wobertisy 2h coi< ty aehee 20
Woneitarsus, eres seis 62
ldopherOs ...aemcemtnsAL
Woxandriis i4..2cea% 2 7
LUCANT DAG icin: 46
\Giercchal biomed rece: AO
Tewerd ota Tati etwas 41
DAIS. 42 <iepare sore dO
lycoperdina: <./\. 2s). 23
Tey COStOMMUS +). yates: 40
AS yiCEUS sete eee aereee 45
LYMEXYLIDZ ...45
Machzrodes ....... 15
Mactatria, fr inbeads 72
Macrobasis- sree cir 73
Macrodactylus ...... 50
MaCTODS) +... -isei 2 seer 76
Mia artis i). .ccurcieacio®
Mao dalisiit Geyer ier a7.
MALACHIIDA,....42
IMiallodtiyalmwanscemerr 67
Malthinus. -2...22..42
Miailthodés': evacislas5 ators 42
Miatiititat Ws tere ce 61
INVALBEIS. Wrcne vd ox ey II
Meas. ts Unies set iaoe 57
Megalodacne .......2
Miesalops iikyinc cp 18
Mesapenthies .4cnr 30
Miesar thrts) acks-prezO
Megasternum ...... 12
Miegilla 2 ce heart 21

MiclanaGtes wsin tierce
Melandryvaleec -27-tne<
MELANDRYIDAL. 67
Melanophila ........
Melanophthalma ....
Melanotus
WIG bicy Ge nee ears ets

Meligethes . 2. i203. 30
IMCIOE Re os ce one ee 73
NEETIO DAG cick 73

Index.

PAGE.
IMelyrisy sas nee ie hee 42
Meracanthay: 4 22<e2 65
Mera Cts see Fi vekss sis: 82
Microcyptus ..:2:...18
Microbyus~ 7-¢es ++ 78
Micropeplus ....... 20
Microrhagus ....... 35
Microrhopala ....... 62
Microtonus .69

Molorchus .... a ,

Monachus AA5O
IMOnaT tattle sete 82
Monocrepidius 36
Monohammus ...... 55

Monotoma! “2. sees
Mordella

MORDELLID .. .69
Mordellistena ...... 69
IMivaisw aes craspeet cess a
Mycetina ee
Mycetochares j... 3... 66
MYCETOPHAGI-
DAS eed oe eet 27
Mycetophagus ......27
Mycetoporus SeieiKs)
Wiychocerts) ..t.cak- 625
Mycotretus 524

Miyochtous ©..aeches
Miyodites «:a=culswslts
MIN Stats! cau 6 font
Nacerdés< “tei ke

88

INatsibius seine. 20
INebrigie aes are
INectObias o.1e. seer 44
Necrophilus ........13
INECEOPHOTiis \.. sae Le
Necy daisy tsaseeee 54
Nematodes sws1riaees 35
Nemosomial 25. s« 4-21
INeoclytust sa: enim 54
Nica etis’ ah betters se 49
Nita Ace ein se 30
NITIDULIDAS «22520
IN@domotare's. oe ise 60
Nosodendron .......32
-Nossidium .........20
Nothodes: 038. cece 37
Nothuge se cikaes 2 £68
Notiopnilus’ .2.2eie: 4
INGTORUS VEL: eeieete ye
INyctobates aq. i. eon 08
ObEereas seen ee G7
@ctotomia 4) aspen 62
Ocypus io doe eee ely
Odontets foe~ ci 40
Odontotal-eace sie

PAGE.
GEDEMERID- ...6g
Chidionychis 2seacee: Ot
CHidostetias ©. eeirs: 36
Olibrusies:..). Lane 21
Oligomerus 4.24255 44
Olisthopus> .: aikutws 8
Omethes! ee .ccenee 4
Omophront+..) eer 3
@mositae-(3.0 ee ae 30

Onthophagus .......

Onychylis - caves 7o
odes ¥ ici ot Cereb tt 9
Opatninus . 2: ese 64
@rehesiay > “2. e
@rchestes were paces Fl
Orcpnitis > Hei 28
Orthalticassacpasks OL
Orthopleura .;......43
iOrthosomia.: ts reses52
Orthostethus ....... 37
Osmoderma-s-i9-Aeceat
OSarierre’ see h er 19
Otidocephalus .:....77
OTIORHYNCHI-
DABS cee: eee 75
xed Cis* 0 3.k aa 69
Oxycnemis 22130
OxyPoris - eee rey. wee 19
Onmytelus) Seteretieee 19
Pachybrachys ...... 50
PachyScelitss pani tee 4O
Ped ers ¢suriiescaere 18
Ralaminusic kates ee 18
Pallodes 4 2k tic 30
IPangees) oo veesihey 15
Pandeletejus ....<... 75
Pantscopus-2 saree 75
Parandra-: Aces
Paratenétus, . kek 64
PARNID AL ee eer3s
Paromalius< 9. s:senane
Pasimachitis® .cheerncwe
Passalius' pase eA
Patrobus:6. een ae
Pediacus jaar
Pelecotoma tgs ee 73
Pelenomts..e ees 0
Felidhota. <ncek ese 50
Pentaphyllus 5-22 65
Rentatia: spree Bee 69
Penthe= ..eccehaere 67
Penthelispa = 2-22 25
Pentilia ate 22
IPEfICOMPSUS =. wees 6
Periconaees Santo 8
Perothopsi7.. kine. 30

PAGE.
Pe tallatiti weass occa 44
ehicedrOmilisin wee cere © 6
Phenonotum ....... 12
PHALACRID- .. .21
PATI GETTS Occ ecaite sv cvan ovens 47
iBhengodes'ts 2 wcsee% AI
Phenolia WEsO
RULE Tt Singeen Petereters 2 50
1Pdnndllngitdh quieres Bola nie 12
RAIN MLO IT ENUINS ", storey heer 7
Philotermes, e./5. 16
Philothermus ......25
Phleophagus ...... 8
Philceotrib tistierects-1-.- 82
Photius. wears 220
IPAnfeibbuike in Ge oemeieee 4t
hve) 2.:..2sce tee 65
Piyilecthrus os... 22% 60
WiwNlObemus: H.hestie « A3
inyllobroticay! 2... 60
invlllotreta. Heketcd: 62
Phymaphorae ya. 23
Phymatodes ........ 2
Phy rdentis': ss))2. 278
Physocnemum ..... 52
FIV LOML chon. me a esenee 53
Phytonomus ....... 76
Pihivaxelis «sp meee KS
PMAZOGMINIS” 8/9 S14 oe 77
Tewari gt Che ae 79
Piezocorynus ...... 83
PNG COMELA ase. False: 8
Binopmilts Actas LO
Pisenus Se
Pithyophthorus . .82
EI OTOROLUS se, sen. estes 54
EPLENEHOS hc iotevs ceclacnte of 4I
IPA niAeCeicibiG) ob eerie 46
Planydenmdeaeecs a2... 64
IP Jake iah bth Ghose acto em Zi
Bley push oeeancba i O2
Platysthetus, 7.12 <.-. 19
IBIOGAMMUS! sac ts etn 80
IPIlOCeteS eae hawt Vi
[Pkopelavteyn sis some een 6
IRICe@SOIMa sda 2
HOGACiS sects ea 30
Rodalbrus as viop £13, Aan 4I
Precilomota ys. 1. naso
Olyiclasis. & 2.2 seer 4t
Pomphopcea ....... We
PPateeSs Webs. Fade 64
ETO CET ate. ie stanyoroek- 43
itonochieetar «2b 13
Prionocyphon ...... 34
Prionoments ©.2%..-.. ofa}

Index.

FAGE.
ROMS as meee ge
romeroplay smtmenie 30
PSBEAP EDs rtd,
IPSENOGeHUS een tere 55
iPseudebzetis =. ery ckee 2
Pseudobaris cnt 79
RSOMLUS eee ee 78
syilliodess ave stared 62
Esyillo boas ester eee ee
Prerostichts ua vasserte 6
Ptilinus ... BER etAS,
Rilodachylan ewan ae ass
IPAM ID Wass soe sera eeu
IP EIS Finer hike ees A4
Ptomaphagus ...... 13
Btosimiayesa. st ee 4O
SP Ur puriGentis)e.te eur 53
IRvGnorlyptay see ate 19
IP\eratorannanls sec A ee
Pyractomena a's: 4I
By rochroal eset sya 73
PYROVCHROID .73
ev tOpy garners 4I
BLY GED NIDA Les ex shee 69
IBVthOu wicca tee cee 69
Ouwediusiscoase ee 16
Rhabdopterus ...... 60
AMIS Weiieva tinea Ee
TeRATS jcc ons 15
Rhinonchus .... 79
RHIPICERIDAE 34
Rhipidandrus .......46
RHIPIPHORIDZ 73
Rhipiphorus ........73
Rize phaetd Se erste 31
Rhodobenus ....... 8i
Rhopalophora ...... 53
Rhopalopust s« .) 1252
RHYNCHITIDA W715
Rihiyaveliites! esas sors ce 75
Rihnyvssodes 22.2. . 2: at 25
REDYSS ODD Ay 2.25
Romoaile timilsae. ies c1 os 53
Ryssematus ........78
SHG Coe cobors cole
SaclavlitySoae secteur 34
Sapendacnse aston. ets 57
Sep LS aaslanepeteve at 20
SAMISee eee teers 58
SCA PEI DL D 7B se -20
Scaphidinm. 2: he 20
Scaphisomiamss-ee eee 21
SCARABAEIDZE ..47
Scanitesr. asm caer 4
Schizogenius ....... A
SCimbeseue basta aes 34

195
PAGE.
SCOP ID Ath eeo2
Scolytis; se ees 2
Scotohatestenentee ae 63
SCYDMANIDA .14
SeyamecntiS.--6 oe I4
GVAMUMUS is ater ee
Selenophorus 9
Seni cal yacinceeeanie 49
Senicodertiss ssa set
Sericosomus N37
Siaporunieee seco
Silisee hipaa tena lceas 2
Silipivaywete ceca ees ee a 13
SIDES NUD VAD, Me ps Sell
Sinoxylom esc: 45
Sitodrepar bie 44
SiiOMey Besoacond cou Ae
SICH O Myke ave eee eede yO
SmMOdicumesse oe eee 2
Somat ume 54 eee a 16
SULOMia aac ac Ble ee 30
Spermophagus ..... 63
Spheroderma ...... 61
Sphenophorus ...... 81
Sphenostethus ..... 52
SIRISUUNIDIND) ABS 5 Sols 46
SpilOnisn esse eae 68
SPOND Yer 52
STAPHYLINIDA! 16
Staph lintisei: an nO
Skates aoe « aera OF
SrelidOtam perce sere 30
SLCMIS errs 62
Stenolophus 20
Stenomimus ....... 8I
Stemosceliis! ata scias- 81
Stenosphenus ...... 54
StemOtagss, (each eZ
Stentisnegr atu semene 17
Stereopalpus ....... 71
Stethobaris FE 8o
Stethonies scoeeeer 35
Stilicopsise sate saerar 18
SiBULIG EN mele pipes eae 17
Siang liaise eee 55
Simigoderma ai sri.mcc 50
Strongylium ....... 66
SiYVORID AL 74
Sunius Bete TSS
Syilvantise parca ee
Symbiotes .22
SHU MOmay oredr: leas 68
Syaa'el nih eerie Serer oGe!
‘SwaatelivaGe) wale ecMomidco 67
SyilGtauercen sy aera 58
Sustenaeea nya ts 02

196

PAGE.
(kachiniiseeeeerreee 18
dhachyeellis ie acheter. 9
Ra chy Onsen etaci crite 79
Rachy poss we. qv) 18
‘Rachyss . chaste 5
iRaniyamecusy a craictaer 75
Maphrocenis ware sec: 40
Melephantiss % acest 26
Telephorus)2::.5/:0. 42
Menebriow sees ee 64
Tenebrioides ....... 32

TENEBRIONID 63

SRenetnis see ss sees 20
Metracha 2% bhices% 2
Tetragonoderus ,... 5
*etraOpes (sc \eieeyemrets 57
Metratoma .o.skeee 67
MeEtKOPS* 2S. setae 57
Thaneroclerus ...... 43
Mharops wy. <,.,eeieoeine 35
EBhanstis ses )eeuaetolenne 64
Thermonectes ...... II
THROS CIDA hee a.38
ah roscuseic ge sete 38
Thysanocnemis 5 BF
(iy.sanOesige tiles ce. 82
pRalishiw.. cus arenteees 43
Tmesiphorus ....... 15
dlonmicus Asal sere 82

Index.

PAGE
SHomodertis yee aie 72
Aiohnnvop eek ep stasitgmtocke 69
Moxidimmbeettae. tee 21
MoxOtropis, sere-ieyeae 83
FROXOLUS Meera eee 55
Eicabalis ekraeeeine. ter 28
“Asailpyelbhehanl aay nisnecre 64
sirichaliiica. i acteee ee OL
ilitacramicn seeks 73
PeCichiliswe eames 51
iirichobaris: Aine 79
iitachodes tasamarces 2
‘irichodesinavens: s.2-
TRICHOPTERYGI.
DAR Se say sares iad 20
difichoptenyscr-ceiere 20
Trigonodemus ..... 19
Aichoitbhseae a aadoa nec 15
AlinbeinelnXeey orocbnas5e 60
Afiriiioyare es on goscans c 24
rorodertia pes 27
irocophilocwsy sy. -yme 19
OF OSitaweare He
TROGOSITIDZ .
rogomylon sce cer: ce
Tropideres .. 222/583
PRT OR dave aareke wiatehs 4Q
glissyiph ents jcmnsce eee 42
diy popitysie cece 44

90

PAGE
sliv:chiiS sett. seers 15
Tyloderma .........78
AP WeaVO) GIS) Ho a5 Gas 53
WRymMinesi.s teeters 50
ilivin ined. ic. cetera 27
Typhloglymma . 81
‘Ry pOCerus:. «a aenae 55
Sky pophortis) -eeeerr 50
JEN UI Re Seda SO AED 5 15
Wlomia ys tse cee 64
Uiographis#et seers 56
Walots crete eet 51
Verticinotus ....... 15
Wollastoniavea:-er:- 8
Kantholintts eek 17
Wahats Moraieh Wee Gone a5 59
DRETIOS Ws ,c 0 os tHe E ee 74
Myleborus) eee. 82
Xyiletimnus? spans 44
cylophiliisiee crete ae 2
XlOpinUs eases ket 63
Mylony.ckester ascites 50
My lOLerusesice eerie ne 82
XevIOtechiis eee 54
Laglypttsimaceniad eet 78
LCNO Bier «ie sieves. oteteta ee 34
PE OTUIEIS Ss ee cke eae 73
ZAipiiiiine seer ee 6
Zygobatis:.a15% oko eo

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 199

ae to 2 Wwd. CAOBRCK,. VISd OF ,.AAMILITON
COUNTY, OHIO, PLANTS, EXCLUSIVE: OF .THE
LOWER CRYPTOGAMS.

By WALTER H. AIKEN.

HAMILTON CouNTY in area is one of the smaller counties
of the State of Ohio. It includes about three hundred and
ninety square miles. The county is remarkably well watered
and fertile. The underlying rocks of the Miami country are
calcareous, and even the drift gravels are usually composed
largely of limestone. From both of these sources fertilizing
elements are imparted to the soil.

The low water in the Ohio River at Cincinnati is 431.96
feet above the mean tide at Sandy Hook, and the hills on the
Ohio side (Walnut Hills, College Hill, and Price Hill) rise
from 450 to 470 feet above the river.

The latitude of Cincinnati (the old Observatory) is 39° 6’
26” N., its longitude 84° 28’ W.

The surface of the county is drained by many small rivers
and streams, the principal being the Big Miami, Little Miami,
Dry Fork of Whitewater, Mill Creek, Duck Creek, Taylor
Creek, and Blue Rock Creek.

North of the present city limits is a spacious basin or
amphitheater of about twenty-five square miles, into which
the suburbs are fast extending. As the city and its suburbs
are thus expanding, the ponds and morasses of years ago are
fast disappearing, and a great change in the flora of this
region has resulted.

The climate of the county is mild and genial. The average
mean temperature of the year is 52.5° Fht. The average
annual rainfall in the last thirty-three years has been 38.36
inches.

In the following check list many new accessions to the
Cincinnati Flora will be noticed, largely attributable to the
numerous railways which center here from all parts of the
continent, and possibly to the accidental importation of seeds
of weeds mixed in among the seeds of foreign garden plants.

Jour. Cin, Soc. Nat, HIst., VoL. XX, No, 4.) I PRINTED MAY 5, 1904.

200 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Many cultivated plants from public parks and private gardens
have been added to the list, because such plants are frequently
brought into the class-rooms of our schools as material for
study. All the species enumerated, not considered to be
natives of the region, have their respective native countries
indicated.

The following sources have been consulted in compiling
the catalogue, viz.:

1.— Synopsis of the Flora of the Western States. By John
L. Riddell. (1835.)

2.— Catalogue of Plants, native and naturalized, collected
in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, during the years 1834-1844.
By Thos. G. Lea. (1849.)

3.— Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns observed in
the vicinity of Cincinnati. By Joseph Clark. Addenda by
Robert Buchanan. (1852.)

4.— Catalogue of the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Fungi
growing in the vicinity of Cincinnati. By Joseph F. James.
(1879.)

5-—-Additions and Corrections to the Catalogue of Joseph
F. James. By Davis lL. James. (1881.)

6.— List of Plants observed growing wild in the vicinity of
Cincinnati, Ohio. By C. G. Lloyd. (1891.)

7.— Catalogue of Ohio Plants. By Professor W. A. Keller-
man and Wm. C. Werner, of Ohio State University. Vol.
VII, Ohio Geological Reports. (1893.)

8.—My own private collection of upward of 800 Phaeno-
gamous Plants, gathered in the vicinity of Cincinnati since
1895. ;

9.—The private collection of Miss Lucy Braun, gathered in
1903, which collection contains many species rare in this
locality, and is especially rich in the river flora.

10.— The author has also had the privilege of examining
many hundred of the collections of the pupils of the Cincin-
nati High Schools during the past years, covering very fully
our Spring Flora.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 201

GECKO LEST,

1904.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Phegopteris
Be evchi BEECH FERN.
ae ee hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee
MOONWORT.

dissectum Spreng.
obliquum Muhl.
Virginianum (L.) Sw.

Ophioglossum
ADDER’S TONGUE.
vulgatum L. N.U.S.

OSMUNDACEAE

Osmunda
FLOWERING FERN.
cinnamomea L.
Claytoniana L,.

regalis L.

POLYPODIACEAE
Filix |
(Cystopteris)
BLADDER FERN.
bulbifera (L.) Underw.
fragilis (L.) Underw.

Onoclea
sensibilis L.

Dryopteris
( Aspidium in part)
SHIELD FERN.
Goldieana (Hook.) A. Gray
N. H. U.S.
marginalis (L.) A. Gray
Noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray
spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.)
Underw. N. U.S.
Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray.

Phegopteris (L.) Underw.
(P. polypodioides Fee)

Polystichum
(Aspidium in part)
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott

Camptosorus
WALKING LEAF.
rhizophyllus (L.) Link

Asplenium

SPLEENWORT.
acrostichoides Sw.
(A. thelypteroides Michx.)

Ini 25 WW ASe

angustifolium Michx.
Filix-foemina (L.) Bernh.
platyneuron (L.) Oakes
(A. ebeneum Ait.)
Trichomanes L.

Adiantum
MAIDEN HAIR FERN.
pedatum LL.

Pteridium
(Pterts in part)
BRAKE.

aquilinum (L,.) Kuhn

Polypodium

POLYPODY.
polypodioides (L:) A. S. Hitche
(P. incanum Sw.)

SALVINIACEAE
Azolla
Caroliniana Willd.

202

EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum
HORSETAIL.
arvense L. N. U.S.
fluviatile L.

(EZ. limosum J,.) N. U.S.
hyemale L,.
sylvaticum L,
TAXACEAE
Taxus
YEw.

minor (Michx.) Britton
(7. Canadensis Willd.) N.U.S.

Ginko
MAIDEN-HAIR TREE.
biloba L. China.

PINACEAE
Pinus
WHITE PINE.
Strobus ij, Ne he Ue S:

Larix
LARCH.
laricina (Du Roi) Koch.
(L. Americana Michx. )
N: Es. 8:

Thuja
ARBOR VITAE.
occidentalis L. N.E. U.S.

Juniperus
JUNIPER, RED CEDAR.
Virginiana L.

TYPHACEAE
Typha
CAT-TAIL.
latifolia L.

SPARGANIACEAE

Sparganium
BUR-REED.
androcladum (Engelm.) Morong

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton
POND-WEED.
foliosus Raf.
(P. pauciflorus Purch)
natans J.
pectinatus L,.

Zannichellia

HORNED POND-WEED.
palustris L.

ALISIMACEAE

Alisma
WATER PLANTAIN.

Plantago-aquatica L,.
Sagittaria
ARROW-HEAD.

latifolia Willd.

(\S. variabilis Engelm.)

HY DROCHARIDACEAE

Philotria

( £lodea)
Canadensis (Michx.) Britton

GRAMINEAE
Andropogon
BEARD GRASS.
furcatus Muhl.
scoparius Michx.
Virginicus L.
Sorghum

Halepense (L.) Pers. Asia

Chrysopogon
avenaceus (Michx.) Benth.

Paspalum
laeve Michx.
setaceum Michx.

Panicum

WITCH GRASS.
capillare L.
clandestinum L.
depauperatum Muhl.
dichotomum L,.
linearifolium Scribn.
Porterianum Nash,
proliferum Lam,
virgatum L,

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Echinochloa
(Panicum in part)

Crus-galli (L..) Beauv. Europe.

Syntherisma

(Panicum in part)

CRAB OR FINGER GRASS.
sanguinalis (L.) Dulac. Europe.

Chaetochloa
( Setaria, also [xophorus, Nash)
BRISTLY FOXTAIL GRASS.
glauca (L.) Seribn.
FOXTAIL PIGEON GRASS. Europe
Italica (l).) Scribn. Europe.
verticillata (L.) Scribn. Europe.
viridis (L).) Scribn.

GREEN FOxTaIL. Europe.

Cenchrus

HEDGEHOG OR BURGRASS.
tribuloides L.

Zizania
INDIAN RICE.
aquatica L,.

WATER OATS.

Homalocenchrus

( Leersia)
oryzoides (L,.) Poll.
Virginicus (Wild.) Britton

Phalaris.

REED CANARY GRASS.
arundinacea L. N. U.S.
Canariensis L. Europe.

Anthoxanthum

SWEET VERNAL GRASS.
odoratum IL,. Europe.

Aristida

TRIPLE-AWNED GRASS.
gracilis Ell.
purpurascens Poir.

Muhlenbergia
diffusa Schreb.
Mexicana (L,.) Trin.
tenuiflora (Willd. B. S. P.)
(MW. Willdenovii Trin.

Phleum
TIMOTHY.
pratense L. Europe

Alopecurus
pratensis L. Europe

Sporobolus
DROP-SEED GRASS.
neglectus Nash

Cinna
Woop REED-GRASS.
arundinacea lL.

Agrostis
BENT GRASS.
alba L. Europe
hyemalis (Walt.) B.S. P.
(A. scabra Willd.)
perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman

Avena

OAT.
sativa L. Europe
striata Michx.

Arrhenatherum

OaT GRASS
elatius (L.) Beauv. Europe
(A. avenaceum Beauv.)

Danthonia
WILD OAT GRASS.
spicata (J,.) Beauv.

Spartina
CORD OR MARSH GRASS.
cynosuroides (L,.) Willd.

Eleusine

Indica (Iy.) Gaertn. Asia

Tricuspis

( Trtodta in part.)
sesleroides (Michx.) Torr.
(Triodia cuprea Jacq.)

Eragrostis
capillaris (1,.) Nees
Frankii Steud.
hypnoides (L.) B.S. P.
(F. reptans Nees. )
major Host. Europe
pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.
pilosa (I,.) Beauv. Europe
Purshii Schrad.

204 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Eatonia Hystrix
obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS.
Pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray (Asprella)
Dactylis Hystrix (L,.) Millsp.
ORCHARD-GRASS.
glomerata lL. Europe CYPERACEAE
Poa Dulichium
annua I, Asia arundinaceum (L,.) Britton
compressa I. (D. spathaceum Pers.)
ENGLISH BLUE GRASS. Europe
Cyperus

pratensis L.
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS.
sylvestris A. Gray

diandrus Torr.
esculentus L.
inflexus Muhl.

Panicularia (C. aristatus Rottb.)
( Glycerta) strigosus L.
MANNA GRASS.
fluitans (l).) Kuntze N. U.S. Kyllinga
neryata (Willd.) Kuntze. pumila Michx.
Festuca Scirpus
elatior L. BULRUSH OR CLUBRUSH.
MEaAbDow FEScuE. Europe Americanus Pers.
nutans Willd. (S. pungens Vahl.)
Bronte atrovirens Muhl.
lacustris L.
BROME GRASS. , :
ae lineatus Michx.
ciliatus L.
racemosus I. Europe Eleocharis
secalinus L. SpIKE-RUSH.
CHESS. CHEAT. Europe ovata (Roth) Reig
Lolium | : 4 2
Fimbristylis
DARNEL.

perenne I,, Europe autumnalis (L.) R.& S.

Agropyron Carex
repens (L.) Beauv. Europe SEDGE.
Hordeum Albursina Sheldon
SoUIRREL TAIL GRASS. Careyana Torr. N. E. U.S:
jubatum L. N.W.U.S. cephalophora Muhl.
nodosum LI: W. U.S. conjuncta Boott
(H. pratense Huds.) crinita Lam.
vulgare L. BARLEY. Europe cristatella Britton
Elymus Davisii Schwein. & Torr.
" WILD RYE. Frankii Kunth
Canadensis L. (C. stenolepis Torr.)
striatus Willd. granularis Muh.
Virginicus L,. hystricina Muhl.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 205

Jamesii Schwein.

laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott

laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey)
Carey

lupulina Muhl.

muricata L. Europe

oligocarpa Schk.

Pennsylvanica Lam.

rosea Schk.

Shortiana Dewey

sparganioides Muhl.

triceps Michx.

varia Muhl.

vulpinoidea Michx.

ARACEAE
Acorus
SWEET FLaG.
Calamus L.

Spathyema

SKUNK CABBAGE.

(Symplocarpus )
foetida (1,) Raf.

Arisaema

INDIAN TURNIP.
Dracontium (L.) Schott.
DRAGON-ROOT.
triphyllum (L,.) Torr.

LEMNACEAE
Spirodela
polyrhiza (L.) Schleid

COMMELINACEAE

Commelina
nudiflora Ll.
Virginica L.

Tradescantia

SPIDERWORT.

pilosa J. G. C. Lehm.
Virginiana L,.

JUNCACEAE
Juncus

RUSH. BOG-RUSH.
effusus L.
tenuis Willd.
Torreyi Coville S) W. Unis:
(/. nodosus var. megacephalus. )

Juncoides
(Luzula)
Woopb-RUSH.
campestre (I,.) Kuntze

LILIACEAE
Uvularia

BELLWORT
grandiflora J. E. Smith

Hemerocallis
Day LILy.
fulva L. Europe

Allium
Canadense LL.
WILD GARLIC.
cepa L,.
CULTIVATED ONION.
cernuum Roth.
WILD ONION.
tricoccum Ait.
WILD WERK. N. E. U.S.
sativum. C.Bauh. Garric. India
Lilium
Canadense I.
WILD YELLOW LILY.
superbum L,
TURK’S-CaP LILY.
tigrinum Andr. India

Erythronium
albidum Nutt.
WHITE Doc’s TooTH VIOLET.
Americanum Ker.
YELLOW ADDER’S TONGUE.

Quamasia

( Camassia)

WILD HYACINTH.
esculenta (Ker) Coville
(Camassia Fraseri Torr.)

206 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Ornithogalum
STAR OF BETHLEHEM.
umbellatum L. Europe

Muscari
GRAPE HYACINTH.

botryoides (L.) Mill. Europe

Yucca
YuCCA.
filamentosal. W. U.S.

CONVALLARIACEAE

Asparagus
GARDEN ASPARAGUS.
officinalis L. Europe

Vagnera

(.Smilacina)

FALSE SOLOMON’S SEAL.
racemosa (l,.) Morong

Polygonatum
SOLOMON’S SEAL.
biflorum (Walt.) Ell.

commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr.

(P. giganteum Dietr.)

Convallaria
LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY.
majalis L.

Trillium

WAKE ROBIN.
cernuum JL,
erectum L.
recurvatum Beck
sessile L.

SMILACEAE
Smilax
GREENBRIER.
ecirrhata (Engelm.) Wats.
glauca Walt.
herbacea IL.
CARRION-FLOWER.
hispida Muhl.

AMARYLLIDACEAE
Hy poxis
STAR-GRASS. ,
hirsuta (1,.) Coville
(H. erecta \,.)

DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea
YAM.
villosa L.

IRIDACEAE
Iris
FLOWER DE LUCE.
versicolor L.
BLUE-FLAG.

Sisyrinchium
BLLUE-EYED GRASS.
graminoides Bicknell
(.S. anceps of Gray’s Manual,
6th Edition, not Cav.)

ORCHIDACEAE
Orchis
spectabilis L.
SHOWY ORCHIS.

Habenaria
peramoena A. Gray

Gyrostachys

(.Spiranthes )

IADIES’ TRESSES.
cernua (L.) Kuntze
gracilis Willd.

Leptorchis
(Liparts)
liliifolia (L.) Kuntze

Pogonia
trianthophora (Sw.) B.S. P.

Corallorhiza

CORAL-ROOT.
odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
Wisteriana Conrad

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 207

Aplectrum

PutTty-Root.
spicatum (Walt.) B.S. P.
(Ad. hiemale Nutt.)

SAURURACEAE

Saururus
LIZARD’S TAIL,
cernuus L,.

JUGLANDACEAE

Juglans
cinerea L.
BUTTERNUT.
nigra L.
BLACK WALNUT.

Hicoria

(Carya)

HICKORY.
alba (L.) Britton
(C. tomentosa Nutt.)
glabra (Mill.) Britton
(C. porcina Nutt.)
laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sargent
(C. sulcata Nutt.)
minima (Marsh.) Britton
(C. amara Nutt.)
ovata ( Mill.) Britton
SHELL-BARK
(C. alba Nutt.)

SALICACEAE
Populus
POPLAR. ASPEN.
alba L,.
WHITE POPLAR. Europe
balsamifera candicans (Ait. )
A. Gray
deltoides Marsh
(P. montlifera Ait.)
NECKLACE POPLAR.
dilatata Ait. Europe
grandidentata Michx.
tremuloides Michx. N. U.S.

Salix

WILLOW.
alba vitellina (L).) Koch Europe
Babylonica L.
WEEPING WILLOW. Asia
cordata Muhl.
discolor Muhl.
interior Rowlee
(S. Zongtfolia Muhl.)
nigra Marsh.
BLACK WII,LOwW.
purpurea Il, Europe
sericea Marsh.
SILKY WILLOW.

BETULACEAE

Carpinus
IRON-WOOD.
Caroliniana Walt.

Ostrya
AMERICAN HOp-HORNBEAM.
Virginiana (Mill.) Willd.

Corylus

HAZEL-NUT.
Americana Walt.

Betula

BIRCH.
populifolia Marsh.
WHITE BIRCH.

FAGACEAE
Fagus

BEECH.
Americana Sweet
(Ff. ferruginea Ait)

Castanea
pumila (L.) Mill.
CHINQUAPIN.

208 Cincinnati Society of Natural FHstory.

Quercus
acuminata (Michx.) Houba
(Muhlenber gti Engelm.)
alba Ly.
WHITE OAK.
coccinea Wang.
SCARLET OAK.
imbricaria Michx.
LAUREL OAK.
Leana Nutt.
macrocarpa Michx.
Mossy-CuP OAK.
palustris Du Roi
platanoides (Lam.) Sudw.
(dicolor Willd.)
rubra LL.
RED OAK.
velutina Lam.
(tinctoria Bartr.)

ULMACEAE
Ulmus
ELM.
Americana I.
pubesceus Walt.
SLIPPERY OR RED ELM.
(U. fulva Michx.)
racemosa Thomas

Celtis
HACKBERRY.
occidentalis L.

MORACEAE
Morus
MULBERRY.
rubra Ll.

Toxylon

(Maclura)

OSAGE ORANGE.
pomiferum Raf. S.W.U.S.
(M7. aurantiaca Nutt.)

Broussonetia

papyrifera (l,.) Vent. Japan

Humulus
Hop.

Lupulus L.

Cannabis
HEMP.

sativa L. Europe

URTICACEAE

Urtica
NETILE.

dioica Pursh
gracilis Ait.

Europe

Urticastrum

(Laportea)

WoOoD-NETTLE.

divaricatum (L.) Kuntze
(ZL. Canadensis Gaud.)

Adicea

(Pilea )
RICHWEED.

CLEARWEED.
pumila (L,.) Raf.

Boehmeria
FALSE NETTLE.

cylindrica (L.) Willd. E.U.S.

Parietaria
PELLITORY.

Pennsylvanica Muhl.

LORANTHACEAE

Phoradendron

FALSE MISTLETOE.

flavescens (Pursh) Nutt.

SANTALACEAE

Comandra

umbellata (l).) Nutt.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Asarum

WILD GINGER.

1fe)

Canadense J.
reflexum Bicknell

Aristolochia
BIRTHWORT.

Serpentaria L.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 209
POLYGONACEAE Atriplex:

Rumex ORACHE.

acetosella L,. hastata lL. W.U.S.

FIELD OR SHEEP SORREL. patula L.

Europe

altissimus Wood. AMARANTHACEAE

crispus L. Amaranthus

CURLED Dock. Europe 1 ae.

obtusifolius L,. graecizans I,.

BITTER Dock. Europe TomnLE WeED. Ais
Polygonum hybridus L. Trop. Amer.
KNOTWEED. (A. chlorostachys Willd.)

hybridus paniculatus (l.) U.& B

aviculare L,
Convolyulus L,
BLACK BINDWEED.
erectum L.
Hydropiper L.
COMMON SMARTWEED. Europe
hydropiperoides Michx.
incarnatum El.

orientale L. India
Pennsylvanicum [,.

Persicaria L.
LADy’s THUMB.
punctatum E11.
Ch acre: WH. Ba Kk.
sagittatum L,.
scandens L.
Virginianum L,.

Europe

Europe.

Fagopyrum

BUCKWHEAT.

Fagopyrum (1L,.) Karst.
(F. esculentum Moench.) Europe

CHENOPODIACEAE

Chenopodium

album L.
L,AMB’S-QUARTERS. Europe
ambrosioides L.
MEXICAN TEA.
Boscianum Moq.
Botrys L. Europe & Asia
glaucum L. Europe
murale L. Europe
urbicum L. Europe

Trop. Amer.

Trop. Amer.
retroflexus L.
spinosus L.
THORNY AMARANTH. S. U.S.

Trop. Amer.

Iresine
paniculata (L,.) Kuntze
(Z. celosioides 1,.)

Acnida

tamariscina tuberculata Moq.
SW a

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Phytolacca

POKEWEED.
decandra IL.

NYCTAGINACEAE
Allionia
(Orybaphus)

Four O'CLOCK.
nyctaginea Michx. W. U.S.

AIZOACEAE
Mollugo

INDIAN CHICKWEED.
verticillata Ll. S. W. U.S.

PORTULACACEAE
Claytonia
SPRING BEAUTY.
Caroliniana Michx.
Virginica L,.

210 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

‘Portulaca

GARDEN PORTULACA.
grandiflora Hook.
oleracea Ly.
PuRSLANE. S. W. U.S.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Agrostemma
CORN COCKLE.
Githago L. Europe, N. Asia
(Lychnis Githago Lam.)

Silene

CATCHFLY. CAMPION.
alba Muhl.
(.S. nivea Otth)
antirrhina L.
Caroliniana Walt.
(.S. Pennsylvanica Michx.
stellata (L,.) Ait. f.
STARRY CAMPION.
Virginica L.
FIRE PINK. CATCHFLY.
vulgaris (Moench) Garcke.

Europe

Lychnis

COCKLE.
dioica L. HKurope
(L. diurna Sibth.)

Saponaria
BOUNCING BET.
officinalis L. Europe

Alsine

( Stellaria)

CHICKWEED.
media L. Europe
pubera (Michx.) Britton

Cerastium

CHICKWEED.
arvense Jy.
longipedunculatum Muhl.
(C. nutans Raf.)
viscosum I. HEurope
vulgatum L. Europe

Holosteum
umbellatum L. Europe

Arenaria

SANDWORT.
serpyllifolia L. Europe

Anychia

FORKED CHICKWEED.
Canadensis (l.) B.S P.
(A. capillacea DC.)
dichotoma Michx.

NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea
(Nuphar)
YELLOW POND LILY.
advena Soland

Castalia
(Nymphaea)
WATER LILY.
odorata (Dryand) Wood.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE

Ceratophyllum
HORNWORT.
demersum Jy.

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia
CUCUMBER TREE.
acuminata L.
Fraseri Walt.

Liriodendron
TuLIp TREE.
Tulipifera L.

ANNONACEAE
Asimina
PAPAW.
triloba (L.) Dunal

RANUNCULACEAE

Hydrastis
ORANGE ROOT.
Canadensis IL.

L2

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 211

Caltha
MARSH MARIGOLD.
palustris L.

Isopyrum
biternatum (Raf.) T. & G.

Actaea
WHITE BANEBERRY.
alba (L,.) Mill.

Cimicifuga
BLACK SNAKEROOT.
COHOSH.
racemosa (I,.) Nutt.

BLACK

Aquilegia

COLUMBINE.
Canadensis LL.
vulgaris L. Europe

Delphinium
LARKSPUR
Ajacis L. Europe
Carolinianum Walt.
(D. azureum Michx.)
tricorne Michx.
DWARF LARKSPUR. S. W. U.S.

Anemone
WIND-FLOWER.
Canadensis L.
(A. Pennsylvanaica I,.)
Virginiana L.

Hepatica

LIVER-LEAF.
acuta (Pursh) Britton
(H7. acutiloba DC.)

Syndesmon
( Anemonella)
thalictroides (L.) Hoffm.

Clematis

VIRGIN’S-BOWER.
Viorna L,.
LEATHER-FLOWER,
Virginiana L,

Ranunculus

CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP.
abortivus L.
SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT.
micranthus Nutt.
recurvatus Poir.
repens L. Europe
sceleratus L,.
CURSED CROWFOOT. N.E.U.S.
septentrionalis Poir.

Thalictrum
MEADOW-RUE.
dioicum IL.
polygamum Muhl, EF. U.S.
purpurascens L.
PURPLISH MEADOW-RUE.
INSEE We Se

Batrachium
(Ranunculus in part.)
trichophyllum (Chaix) Bossch
(Ranunculus circinatus Sibth )

BERBERIDACEAE

Podophyllum
MAy APPLE.
peltatum L.

Jeffersonia
TWIN-LEAF.
diphylla (1.) Pers.

Caulophyllum
BLUE COHOSH.
thalictroides (L.) Michx.

Berberis
BARBERRY.
vulgaris L. Europe

MENISPERMACEAE

Menispermum
MOONSEED
Canadense L,

212 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History.

LAURACEAE
Sassafras
Sassafras (L.) Karst.
(S. officinale Nees & Eberm.)

Benzoin

(Lindera)

FEVER-BUSH. WILD-ALLSPICE.
Benzoin (L.) Coult.

PAPAVERACEAE

Sanguinaria
BLOOD-ROOT.
Canadensis L.

Stylophorum
CELANDINE Poppy.
diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
Ww. U.S.

Chelidonium
CELANDINE.
majus L. Europe

Argemone
MEXICAN POPPY.
Mexicana L. Trop. Amer.

Papaver

COMMON Poppy.
Argemone L,.
somniferum L. Europe

FUMARIACEAE
Bicuculla
(Dicentra)
Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp.
SQUIRREL CORN.
Cucullaria (L.) Millsp.
DUTCHMAN’S BREECHES.

Capnoides
(Corydalis)
CORYDALIS
flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze

CRUCIFERAE
Lepidium
PEPPERGRASS
campestre (l..) R. Br. Europe
ENGLISH PEPPERGRASS.
ruderale L. Europe
Virginicum L.

Sisymbrium
HEDGE MUSTARD.
officinale (L.) Scop. Europe

Brassica
campestris L. Europe
TURNIP.
nigra (L..) Koch. Europe
“BLACK MUSTARD.

Raphanus
GARDEN RADISH.
sativus L. Europe

Barbarea

WINTER CRESS.
Barbarea (L.) MacM. Europe
(B. vulgaris R. Br.

Roripa
(Nasturtium)
Armoracia (L.) A. S. Hitche.
Europe
HORSE RADISH.
Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Europe
(XN officinale R. Br.)
WATER CRESS.
palustris (L.) Bess.
MARSH CRESS.

Cardamine
hirsuta L.
BITTER CRESS.
purpurea ( Torr.) Britton

Dentaria
TOOTHWORT.
diphylla Michx.
PEPPER ROOT.
laciniata Muhl.
CuT-LEAVED TOOTHWORT.

14

Check List af Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Bursa

SHEPHERD’S PURSE.
Bursa-Pastoris (L.) Brit.
(Capsella) Europe

Draba
WHITLOW GRASS.
verna L. Europe

Sophia
pinnata (Walt.) Howell.

(Stsymbrium canescens Nutt.

Arabis

ROCK CRESS.
Canadensis L.
SICKLE-Pop.
glabra (L.) Bernh.
TOWER MUSTARD.
(A. perfoliata Lam. )
hirsuta (L.) Scop.
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.

lodanthus
dentatus (T. & G.) Greene
(Arabis dentata T. & G.)
pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud
(Thelypodium pinnatifidum)

Cheiranthus

(Erysimum)

WORM-SEED MUSTARD.
cheiranthoides (I,.) Heller

Konig
maritima (L,.) R. Br. Europe
(Alyssum maritimum I,.)

Hesperis
DAME’S VIOLET.
matronalis L. Europe

CAPPARIDACEAE

Polanisia
CLAMMY WEED.
graveolens Raf. W. U.S.

15

RESEDACEAE
Reseda
MIGNONETTE.

odorata L. Europe.

CRASSULACEAE
Sedum
STONE-CROP. ORPINE.
telephioides Michx.
ternatum Michx.

Penthorum
DITCH STONE-CROP.
sedoides L.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxifraga
SAXIFRAGE.
Virginiensis Michx.

Heuchera
ALUM ROOT.
Americana L,.

Mitella
MITRE-WorRT. BISHOP’S-CAP.
diphylla L.

HYDRANGEACEAE

Philadelphus
MocK-ORANGE or SYRINGA.
coronarius Il,, Europe

inodorus Il. Europe.

Hydrangea
arborescens J.
WILD HYDRANGEA.

213

SE U..S:
South E.U.S.

INind dg WESSY

GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes
aureum Pursh
MISSOURI CURRANT. W. U.S.
Cynosbati L.
WILD GOOSEBERRY. N.E.U.S.

rubrum L. Europe

214 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Liquidambar
SWEET-GUM TREE.
Styraciflua L.

Hamamelis
WITCH-HAZEL.
Virginiana L,.

PLATANACEAE

Platanus
SYCAMORE. BUTTON-WOOD.
occidentalis L.

ROSACEAE
Opulaster
(Physocar pus)
opulifolius (L.) Kuntze

Spiraea
MEADOW-SWEET.
salicifolia Ly.

Porteranthus
( Gillenia)
INDIAN PHYSIC.
stipulatus (Muhl.) Britton
SW We Sh

Rubus
Canadensis L,.
DEWBERRY.
occidentalis L.
BLACK RASPBERRY.
villosus Ait.
BLACKBERRY.

Fragaria
STRAWBERRY.
Virginiana Duchesne

(fF. Virginiana var. [/linoensis)

Potentilla

CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.
Canadensis L,.
Monspeliensis L.
(P. Norwegica)
rectal, Europe Asia

Drymocallis
(Potentilla in part)
arguta (Pursh) Rydb.

Geum

AVENS.
Canadense Jacq.
(G. album Gmel.)
vernum (Raf.) T. & G.
Virginianum L,.

Agrimonia
AGRIMONY.
mollis (T. & G.) Britton

Rosa

ROSE.
blanda Ait.
humilis Marsh.
rubiginosa L,.
SWEET BRIAR. Europe
setigera Michx.

POMACEAE
Malus
(Pyrus in part)
APPLE.

coronaria (L.) Mill.
CRAB-APPLE.
Malus (L..) Britton Europe

Amelanchier
JUNE-BERRY.
Canadensis (L.) Medic.

Crataegus

HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.
coccinea L.
Crus-galli L.
mollis (T. & G.) Scheele.
Oxyacantha L. Europe
punctata Jacq.

DRUPACEAE
Prunus

PLUM, CHERRY.
Americana Marsh,
mahaleb L,
serotina Ehrh,

16

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Amy gdalus
PEACH.
Persica L. Asia

CAESALPINACEAE
Cercis
RED-BUD. JUDAS-TREE.
Canadensis L.

Cassia
SENNA.
Marylandica L,.

Chamaecrista

(Cassia in part)

PARTRIDGE PEA.
fascicularis (Michx.) Greene
(Cassia chamaecrista 1,.)

Gleditsia
triacanthos LL.
HONEY Locusv.

Gymnocladus
KENTUCKY COFFEE-TREE.
dioicus (I,.) Koch.
(G. Canadensis Tami.)

PAPILIONACEAE

Cladrastis
YELLOW-WOOD.
lutea (Michx. f.) Koch
(C. tinctorta Raf.)

Baptisia
INDIGO.
australis (L.) R. Br.
FALSE INDIGO. S. W. U. S.
tinctoria (L.) R. Br.
WILD INDIGO.

Medicago

MEDICK.
lupulina L.
BLACK MEDICK. Europe
Sativa L.

LUCERNE. ALFALFA. Europe

Melilotus

SWEET CLOVER, MELILO’T.
alba Desv. Europe
officinalis (Il,.) Lam. Europe

Trifolium

CLOVER.
arvense L,
RABBIT-FOOT. Europe
incarnatum I,, Europe
pratense L,.
RED CLOVER. Europe
repens 1.
WHITE CLOVER. Europe
stoloniferum Muhl.
BUFFALO CLOVER. W. U.S.

Chrysaspis
(771folium in part)
agraria (L.) Greene Europe

Psoralea
Onobrychis Nutt.

Amorpha
HOARY PEA.
fruticosa lL.

Cracca
(Tephrosia)
Virginiana L,.

Kraunhia
( Wisteria)
WISTERIA.
frutescens (I,.) Greene

Robinia
LOCUST-TREE.
Pseudacacia lL. S. U.S.

Astragalus
Carolinianus LL.

(A. Canadensis 1.)

Phaca
(Astragalus in part)
neglecta T. & G.

216 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Meibomia

(Desmodium)
TICK-TREFOIL,

bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntze

(D. cuspidatum Hook.)
canescens (L.) Kuntze
Dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze

grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze

(D. acuminatum DC.)
Michauxii Vail

(D. rotundifolium DC.)
nudiflora (1,.) Kuntze
paniculata (L.) Kuntze

pauciflora (Nutt) Kuntze

Lespedeza
BUSH-CLOVER.
procumbens Michx.

Vicia
WHtCHs “LARE:
sativa L. Europe

Falcata

(Amphicarpaea)

HoG PEA-NUT.
(comosa (L.) Kuntze
(.4. monoica Nutt.)

Strophostyles

(Phaseolus in part)

KIDNEY BEAN.
helvola (1,.) Britton
(S. angulosa E11.)

GERANIACEAE

Geranium

CRANESBILL.
Carolinianum L,.
maculatum L.
WILD CRANESBILL,.

OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis

WoOoOD-SORREL,.
grandis Small
stricta L.
YELLOW WoOoD-SORREL.
violacea I,
VIOLET WooD-SORREL,.

LINACEAE
Linum

FLAX.
usitatissimum L. Europe.

RUTACEAE
Xanthoxylum
PRICKLY ASH.

Americanum Mill.

Ptelea
Hop-TREE. SHRUBBY TREFOIL.
trifoliata L.

SIMARUBACEAE
Ailanthus
TREE OF HEAVEN.
glandulosus Desf. China

POLYGALACEAE
Polygala
MiILKWORT.
Senega L,.
SENECA SNAKEROOT.
viridescens L.
(P. sanguinea YL.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Phyllanthus
Carolinensis Walt.

Croton
capitatus Michx. S. W. U.S.

Acalypha

THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.
Virginica L.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Ricinus
CASTOR OIL, PLANT.
communis L. Africa

Euphorbia

SPURGE.
commutata Engelm.
corollata L,
Cyparissias L. Europe.
dentata Michx. S. W. U.S.
maculata L.

marginata Pursh. S. W. U.S.
obtusata Pursh. S. W. U. S.

Preslii Guss.

(2. nutans of authors, not Lag.)

CALLITRICHACEAE

Callitriche
WATER STAR-WORT.
Austini Engelm.

LIMNANTHACEAE

Floerkea
proserpinacoides Willd.

ANACARDIACEAE

Cotinus

SMOKE TREE.
cotinoides (Nutt.) Britton
(Rhus cotinoides Nutt.)

Rhus

SUMACH.
copallina L.
DWARF SUMACH.
glabra L.
SMOOTH SUMACH.
hirta (L.) Sudw.
STAGHORN SUMACH.
(R. typhina I.)
radicans L.

POISON Ivy. POISON OAK.

AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex
opaca Ait.
AMERICAN HOLLY.
verticillata (L).) A. Gray
BLACK ALDER.

CELASTRACEAE

Euonymus
SPINDLE-TREE.
atropurpureus Jacq.
WAAHOO.
obovatus Nutt.

Celastrus
SHRUBBY BITTER-SWEET.

scandens L,

STAPHYLEACEAE

Staphylea
trifolia L.

ACERACEAE
Acer
MAPLE.
Negundo L.
BOx-ELDER.

(Negundo aceroides Moench)

nigrum Michx.
platanoides L.

rubrum JL.

RED OR SWAMP MAPLE.
saccharinum I.

SILVER MAPLE.

(A. dasycarpum Ehrh.)
saccharum Marsh.
SUGAR OR ROCK MAPLE.
(A. saccharinum Wang.)

217

218

HIPPOCASTANACEAE

Aesculus

BUCKEYE.
glabra Willd.
FETID OR OHIO BUCKEYE.
Hippocastanum JL.
HORSE CHESTNUT. Asia
octandra Marsh.
SWEET BUCKEYE.
(A. flava Ait.) S. W. U.S.
hybrida (DC,) Sargent
(A. flava var. purpurascens )

Koelreuteria
paniculata Laxm. Japan

SAPINDACEAE

Cardiospermum
HEART-SEED. BAI,LOON PEA.
Halicacabum L. Trop. Amer.

BALSAMINACEAE

Impatiens

JEWEL WEED BALSAM.
aurea Muhl.
(/. pallida Nutt.)
biflora Walt.
(7. fulva Nutt.)

RHAMNACEAE

Rhamnus
BUCKTHORN.

lanceolata Pursh. S. W. U.S.

Ceanothus
‘NEW JERSEY TEA.
Americanus L.

VITACEAE
Vitis
aestivalis Michx.
SUMMER GRAPE.
cordifolia Michx.
FROST OR CHICKEN GRAPE.

20

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Parthenocissus

(Ampelopsis in part)

VIRGINIA CREEPER.
quinquefolia (I,.) Planch.

Ampelopsis
arborea (L.) Rusby
( Cissus stans Pers.)

TILIACEAE
Tilia
LINDEN. BASSWOOD.
Americana L.
heterophylla Vent.
WHITE BASSWOOD.

MALVACEAE
Abutilon
INDIAN MALLOw.
Abutilon (L.) Rusby. Asia
(A. Avicennae Gaertn.)

Malva
MALLOw.
rotundifolia L. Europe

Sida
spinosa L. Tropical America
Hibiscus
ROSE MALLOw.
militaris Cav. HALBERD-
LEAVED ROSE-MALLOW
Syriacus L.
Trionum LL.
BLADDER KETMIA. Europe

HYPERICACEAE
Ascyrum
ST. PETER’S WORT.
hypericoides L.
(A. Crux-Andreae 1.)

Hypericum
ST. JOHN’S WORT.
Canadense L,.
Drummondii (Grev. & Hook.)
maculatum Walt.
mutilum L,.
prolificum L.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Sarothra
gentianoides L.

(Hypericum nudicaule Walt.

VIOLACEAE
Cubelium
(.Solea)
GREEN VIOLET.
concolor (Forst.) Raf.

Viola

VIOLET.
Canadensis L.
odorata L.
obliqua Hill.
palmata LL.
COMMON BLUE VIOLET.
pubescens Ait.
DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET.
Rafinesquii Greene
(tricolor var. arvensis DC.)
striata Ait.
PALE VIOLET.
tricolor lL. PANSy. Europe

PASSIFLORACEAE

Passiflora
PASSION-FLOWER.
lutea L.

LYTHRACEAE
Rotala
ramosior (l.) Koehne

Lythrum
WING-ANGLED LOOSESTRIFE.
alatum Pursh

Parsonsia

(Cuphea)
petiolata (L.) Rusby
( Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
CLAMMY CUPHEA.

MELASTOMACEAE
Rhexia

MEADOW BEAUTY.
Virginica L.

ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia
FALSE LOOSE-STRIFE.
alternifolia L.
SEED Box.

Isnardia

(Ludwigia in part)

WATER PURSLANE.
palustris L.

Epilobium
WILLOW-HERB.
coloratum Muhl.

Onagra

( Oenothera in part)

EVENING PRIMROSE.
biennis (L.) Scop.
grandiflora (Ait.) Lindl.

Gaura
biennis L.

Circaea

ENCHANTER’S NIGHT SHADE.

Lutetiana L,.

ARALIACEAE
Panax
(dralia in part)
GINSENG.
quinquefolium L,

Aralia
SPIKENARD.
racemosa J.

UMBELLIFERAE

Sanicula

BLACK SNAKE-ROOT.
Canadensis L.
Marylandica L.

Chaerophyllum

CHERVIL.
procumbens (L.) Crantz
Shortii T. & G.

PM

219

220 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory.

Washingtonia Daucus
(Osmorrhiza) CARROT.
SWEET CICELY. Carota L. Europe
Claytoni (Michx.) Britton
(O. brevistylis DC.) CORNACEAE
longistylis (Torr.) Britton Nyssa
‘ SOUR-GUM.
Caucalis sylvatica Marsh.
HEDGE BARSEES (NV. multifiora Wang.)
Authriscus (L.) Huds. Europe
é : Cornus
Erigensa DOGWOOD.

HARBINGER-OF-SPRING.
bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt.

Amonum Mill.
(C. sericea 1.)

Bupleurum asperifolia Michx.
THOROUGHWORT. candidissima Marsh.
rotundifolium I). Europe (C. paniculata 1, Her.)
florida L.
Zizia
MEADOW PARSNIP.
MONOTROPACEAE
aurea (1,.) Koch
Monotropa
Cicuta INDIAN PIPE.
WATER-HEMLOCK. uniflora L.
bulbifera Ll. N.E. U.S.
maculata Ly. PRIMULACEAE
SPOTTED COWBANE. Samolus
Deringa BROOK-WEED.
( Cryptotaenia) floribundus H. B. K.
HONEWORT. (S. Valerandi var. Americana)
Canadensis (L.) Kuntze Lysimachia
Carum LOOSESTRIFE.
Gusinie nummularia L.

MONEYWORT. Europe
: quadrifolia L.
Taenidia terrestris (l.) B. S. P.
YELLOW PIMPERNEL. (LZ. stricta Ait.)
integerrima (L.) Drude

Carui Ll. Europe

Be he ; 2 Steironema

(Pimpinella integerrima 1,.) ciliatum (Inka
Thaspium lanceolatum (Walt.) A. Gray
MEADOW-PARSNIP. Anagallis

barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. PIMPERNEL.

trifoliatum (L.) Britton arvensis L. Europe
Pastinaca Dodecatheon
PARSNIP. AMERICAN COWSLIP.

sativa L. Europe Meadia L.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

EBENACEAE
Diospyros
PERSIMMON.
Virginiana L.

OLEACEAE
Fraxinus

Americana L.

WHITE AsH.

nigra Marsh.

(Ff. sambucifolia Lam.)
BLACK ASH.
quadrangulata Michx.
BLUE ASH.

Syringa
LILAC.
vulgaris L. Europe
Chionanthus
FRINGE-TREE.
Virginica L.°
Ligustrum

PRIVET.
vulgare IL.

GENTIANACEAE

Sabbatia
angularis (l,.) Pursh

Obolaria
- PENNYWORT.
Virginica L.

Gentiana
GENTIAN.
Andrewsii Griseb

Frasera
AMERICAN COLUMBO.
Carolinensis Walt.

APOCYNACEAE
Vinca

minor lL. Europe

Apocynum

DOGBANE.
androsaemifolium L.
cannabinum J.

INDIAN HEMP.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias
MILKWEED.
exaltata (L.) Muhl.
(A. phytolaccoides Pursh)
incarnata L,
quadrifolia Jacq.
Syriaca L.
(A. Cornuti Dec.)
tuberosa Ly.
BUTTERFLY-WEED.
PLEURISY-ROOT.

Gonolobus

(Ampelanus; Enslenia)
laevis Michx.
(Euslenta albida Nutt.)

Vincetoxicum

221

( Gonolobus of authors, not Michx.

gonocarpos Walt.

(G. macrophyllus Willd.)

obliquum (Jacq.) Britton
©. Bs U.S.

CONVOLVULACEAE

Quamoclit
(Ipomoea in part)
coccinea (I,.) Moench
Trop. Amer.

Ipomoea
MORNING GLORY.
hederacea (1,.) Jacq.
Trop. Amer.
lacunosal. S. W. U.S.
pandurata (L.) Meyer
WILD POTATO-VINE.
purpurea (L.) Roth
Trop. Aimer.

Convolvulus

-BINDWEED

23

arvensis L. Europe
sepium L,

HEDGE BINDWEED.
spithamaeus L,

222 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory.

CUSCUTACEAE Mertensia
Cuscuta LUNGWwoRT.
ica Virginica (I,.) DC.
arvensis Beyrich Lithospermum
Gronovii Willd. PUCCOON.
arvense L. Europe
POLEMONIACEAE canescens (Michx. ) Lehm.
latifolium Michx.
Phlox :
divaricata lL. Echium
maculata L. BLUE-WEED.
paniculata L. vulgare L.
Polemonium VERBENACEAE
GREEK VALERAIN.
Verbena
reptans L. 3
VERVAIN.
augustifolia Michx.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE bracteosa Michx. W. U.S.
hastata L,.
Hydrophyllum
2 ahd BLUE VERVAIN. °
WATERLEAF.

ates Mich stricta Vent.
appendiculatum Michx. Higa WeRaraine

Canadense JL. urticaefolia L,.

macrophyllum Nutt. WHITE VERVAIN
Virginicum [,.

Phyla
Phacelia (Lippia in part)
bipinnatifida Michx. S.W.U.S. FOoG-FRUIT.
Purshii Buckley lanceolata (Michx.) Greene
BORAGINACEAE _ LABIATAE
Teucrium
Heliotropium GERMANDER.
HELIOTROPE. Canadense L.
Indicum I). India Isanthus

FALSE PENNYROYAL.
brachiatus (L.) B.S. P.
(LZ. coeruleus Michx.)

Cynoglossum
HOUND’S-TONGUE.
officinale L. Europe

Virginicum L. Scutellaria
WILD COMFREY. SKULLCAP.
cordifolia Muhl.
Lappula - ineana Muhl.
*( Echinospermum) (.S. canescens.)
STICKSEED lateriflora L.
Lappula (l.) Karst. Europe nervosa Pursh
Virginiana (L.) Greene parvula Michx.

24

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Marrubium
HOREHOUND.
vulgare L. Europe

Agastache
(Lophanthus)
GIANT Hyssop.
nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
scrophulariaefolia ( Willd.)
Kuntze.

Nepeta
CatT-MINT.
Cataria L.

CATNIP. Europe

Glecoma

GROUND Ivy.
hederacea L. Europe
(Nepeta Glechoma Benth.)

Prunella
SELF-HEAL,.
vulgaris. Europe

Synandra
hispidula (Michx.) Britton
(S. grandifiora Nutt.)

Lamium
DEAD-NETTLE.
amplexicaule L. Europe

Leonurus
MOTHERWORT.
Cardiaca L. Europe

Salvia
SAGE.
lyrata L.
officinalis L.
GARDEN SAGE. Europe

Stachys

HEDGE-NETTLE.
aspera Michx.
cordata Riddell
tenuifolia Willd.

(.S. aspera var. glabra A. Gray)

SaEB. U.S:

Monarda
HORSE-MINT.

fistulosa L,.

Blephilia

hirsuta (Pursh) Torr.

Hedeoma
Mock PENNYROYAL.

pulegioides (L.) Pers.

Melissa

BALM.

25

officinalis L. Europe

Clinopodium
(Calamintha)
CALAMINT.

vulgare L.
(C. Clinopodium Benth.)

Koellia
(Pycnanthemum)
BASIL.

flexuosa (Walt.) MacM.
pilosa (Nutt.) Britton

Virginiana (I,.) MacM.
(P. lanceolatum Pursh)

Lycopus
WATER-HOREHOUND.

Americanus Muhl.
(L. stnuatus Ell.)
Virginicus L,.

Mentha
MINT.

Canadensis L. N. U.S.
piperita L.
PEPPERMINT. Europe
spicata L,.

(M7. virtats 1.) Europe

Collinsonia
HORSE-BALM.

Canadensis L.

SOLANACEAE

Physalodes
(Nicandra)
APPLE OF PERU.

Physalodes (L.) Brit. South. Am.

224 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Lycium
MATRIMONY VINE.

vulgare (Ait. f.) Dunal Europe

Physalis

GROUND CHERRY.
heterophylla Nees
pubescens L.
Virginiana Mill.

Solanum

NIGHTSHADE.
Carolinense L.
Dulcamara L. Europe
nigrum 1.
rostratum Dunal W. U.S.
tuberosum LL.

Lycopersicon
TOMATO.
Lycopersicon (L.) Karst.
(L. esculentum Mill.)
Trop. Amer.

Datura

JAMESTOWN WEED, JIMSON.
Stramonium L. Asia
Tatula L. Trop. Amer.

Nicotiana
TOBACCO.
Tabacum L. South Amer.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Verbascum
MULLEIN.
Blattaria L. Europe
Thapsus L. Europe

Linaria

TOAD-FLAX.
Linaria (L.) Karst. Europe
(L. vulgaris Mill.)

Antirrhinum
Majus L. Europe

Collinsia
verna Nutt.

Scrophularia
Marylandica L.

Chelone
TURTLE-HEAD. SNAKE-HEAD.
glabra L.

Pentstemon
BEARD-TONGUE.
hirsutus (L.) Willd.
(P. pubescens Soland.)
Pentstemon (L.) Britton
(P. laevigatus Soland.)

Paulownia
tomentosa (Thurb.) Baill. Japan
(P. imperialis Sieb. & Zucc.)

Mimulus
MONKEY-FLOWER.
alatus Soland.

ringens L.

Gratiola
HEDGE HyYSSopP.
Virginiana L.

Ilysanthes

FALSE PIMPERNEL,
dubia (L.) Barnhart
(Z. gratioloides Benth. )

Veronica

SPEEDWELL.
peregrina L.
serpyllifolia L.

Leptandra
Virginica (L.) Nutt.
(Veronica Virginica (U,.)
Digitalis
purpurea lL. Europe
Afzelia
(Seymeria)
MULLEN FOXGLOVE.

macrophylla (Nutt.) Kuntze
W.U.S.

26

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Gerardia
purpurea L,.
tenuifolia Vahl.

Melampyrum
Cow-WHEAT.

lineare Lam.

(WM. Americanum Michx. )

Pedicularis
Canadensis L.
multifida (Mx.) Benth.

OROBANCHACEAE

Conopholis
SouAWw-RoOoT.
Americana (L. f.) Wallr.

Orobanche

(Aphyllon in part)

NAKED BROOM-RAPE.
Ludoviciana Nutt.

Thalesia

( Aphyllon)

CANCER-ROOT.
uniflora (L.) Britton

Leptamnium

(Epiphegus)

BEECH-DROPS.
Virginianum (L,.) Raf.

BIGNONIACEAE
Catalpa

Catalpa (L.) Karst. S. W. U.S.

(C. bignonioides Walt.)

speciosa Warder. S. W. U.S.

Campsis
TRUMPET-FLOWER.
radicans (L,.) Seem.
( Tecoma radicans DC.)

MARTYNIACEAE

Martynia

UNICORN-PLANT.
Louisiana Mill. S. U.S.
(JT. proboscidea Glox.)

ACANTHACEAE

Ruellia
strepens L. S. W. U.S.

Dianthera
WATER-WILLOW.
Americana L.

PHRYMACEAE

Phryma
LOPSEED.
Leptostachya L.

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago

PLANTAIN.
aristata Michx. W. U.S.
lanceolata L. Europe
Rugelii Dene.
Virginica L.

RUBIACEAE

Houstonia

BLUETS. INNOCENCE.
ciliolata Torr.
coerulea L,.
purpurea lL. S. E.U.S.

Cephalanthus
BUTTON BUSH.
occidentalis L.

Spermacoce
BUTTON-WEED.
glabra Michx.

225

226 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Diodia
teres Walt.

Sherardia
BLUE FIELD MADDER.
arvensis L. Europe

Asperula
WOODRUFF.
odorata L.

Galium

BEDSTRAW. CLEAVERS.
Aparine L.
GoosE-GRass. Europe
circaezans Michx.
WILD LIQUORICE.
concinnum T. & G.
triflorum Michx.
SWEET-SCENTED.
tinctorium L,.

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Sambucus
ELDER.
Canadensis L.

Viburnum

ARROW-WOOD.
acerifolium L. N. E. U.S.
Opulus L.
CRANBERRY-TREE.
prunifolium L.

BLACK Haw.

Triosteum
HORSE-GENTIAN,.
angustifolium L.

Symphoricarpos

SNOW-BERRY.
Symphoricarpos (L.) MacM.
(\S. valgaris Michx.

Lonicera

HONEYSUCKLE.
sempervirens L.
Sullivantii A. Gray

VALERIANACEAE

Valerianella
LAMB LETTUCE.
radiata (L,.) Dufr.

Valeriana
VALERIAN.
pauciflora Michx.

DIPSACEAE

Dipsacus
TEASEL.
sylvestris Huds. Europe

~ CUCURBITACEAE

Citrullus

WATER-MELON.
Citrullus (L.) Small. Europe
(C. vulgaris Schrad.)

Cucumis
Melo L. Asia

Lagenaria
Lagenaria (L,.) Cockerell
(LZ. vulgaris Ser.)

Cucurbita

PUMPKIN.
Pepo L.
verrucosa I.

Micrampelis

(Megarrhiza)

WILD BALSAM APPLE.
lobata (Michx.) Greene
(Echinocystis lobata T. & G.)

Sicyos
ONE-SEEDED BUR-CUCUMBER.
angulatus LL.

28

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 227

CAMPANULACEAE

Campanula

BELLFLOWER.
Americana L,.
aparinoides Pursh
rapunculoides L,.

Legouzia

( Specularia)

VENUS’ LOOKING-GLASS.
perfoliata (L,.) Britton

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia

LOBELIA.
cardinalis L.
inflata IL.
leptostachya A. DC.
spicata Iam.
syphilitica L.

COMPOSITAE

Vernonia

IRONWEED.
fasciculata Michx. S, W. U.S.

Elephantopus

ELEPHANT’S-FooT.
Carolinianus Willd.

Eupatorium

THOROUGHWORT.
ageratoides L, f.
WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.
coelestinum L,.
MIST-FLOWER.
perfoliatum J,.
BONESET.
purpureum L,.
JOE-PYE WEED.

Grindelia
GUM PLANT.

squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal.
W. U.S.

Solidago

GOLDEN-ROD.
caesia L,
Canadensis L.
flexicaule L.
(S. Zatifolia I.)
patula Muhl.
serotina Ait.

ulmifolia Muhl.

Euthamia

(Solidago in part)

BUSHY GOLDEN-ROD.
graminifolia (I,.) Nutt.
GS. lanceolata 1.)

Aster

STARWORT, ASTER.
cordifolius L.
divaricatus LL.
(A. corymbosus Ait.)
ericoides pilosus (Willd.) Porter
lateriflorus (L.) Britton
(A. diffusus Ait.)
longifolius Lam.
macrophyllus L.
Nova-Angliae L,.
paniculatus Lam.
phlogifolius Muhl.
prenanthoides Muhl. _
puniceus L. Red stalked A.
Shortii Hook.

vimineus Lam.

228

Erigeron

FLEABANE.
annuus (L.) Pers.
Philadelphicus L.
pulchellus Michx.
(EZ. bellidifolius Muh.)
ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P.

Antennaria

EVERLASTING.
fallax Greene
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.

Anaphalis
margaritacea (l.) B. & H.

Gnaphalium

CUDWEED.
purpureum L,.
uliginosum L. Europe

Inula
ELECAMPANE.
Helenium I, Europe

Polymnia

LEAF-CUP.
Canadensis L.
Uvedalia L.

Silphium

ROSIN-WEED.
perfoliatum L.
CupP-PLANT.
terebinthinaceum Jack.
PRAIRIE DOCK.

trifoliatum A.Gray S.E. U.S.

Ambrosia

RAGWEED.
artemisiaefolia L.
HOG-WEED.
trifida IL.
GREAT RAG-WEED.
integrifolia (Muhl.) T. & G.

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Xanthium

COCKLEBUR.
Canadense Mill.
spinosum L. Trop. Amer.
strumarium L. Europe

Heliopsis

OX-EVE.
helianthoides (L.) B.S. P.
(H7. laevis Pers.)

Eclipta
alba (J,.) Haussk. Trop. Amer.

Rudbeckia

CONE-FLOWER.
hintanly. We Us.
laciniata L,.
triloba L.

Ratibida

( Lepachys)

GRAY-HEADED CONE FLOWER.
pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart

Helianthus

SUNFLOWER.
annuus L. W. U.S.
decapetalus L.
giganteus L.
hirsutus Raf.
struinosus L.
tuberosus L.

Verbesina
(includes Actinomerts )
CROWNBEARD.
alternifolia (L.) Britton
(A. squarrosa)
helianthoides Michx. S.W.U.S.

Coreopsis
TICKSEED.
tinctoria Nutt.
tripteris L.
TALL COREOPSIS.

Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants.

Bidens

BUR-MARIGOLD.
bipinnata L.
connata Muhl.
SwAMP BEGGAR TICKS.
frondosa L.
laevis (1.) B. S. P.
(B. chrysanthemoides Michx.)
trichosperma (Michx.) Britton
(Coreopsis trichosp. Michx.)
tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britton

Galinsoga
GALINSOGA.

parviflora Cav. Europe

Helenium

SNEEZE-WEED.
autumnale L,.
nudiflorum Nutt.

Dysodia
FETID MARIGOLD.
papposa (Vent.) A. S. Hitche.
S.W,-U.,S.
(D. chrysanthemoides Lag.)

Anthemis

CHAMOMILE.
Cotula L. Europe
nobilis L. Europe.

Achillea
YARROW. MILFOIL
Millefolium L. Europe

Matricaria

WILD CHAMOMILE.
miatricarioides (Less.) Porter
(M. discoidea DC.) W. U.S.

Chrysanthemum

OX-EVE DalIsy.
Leucanthemum L. Europe.
Parthenium (L.) Pers. Europe

31

229

Tanacetum
TANSY.
vulgare L. Europe.

Artemisia

WORMWOOD.
Abrotanum IL. Europe
Absinthium L,.
annua J,. Asia
biennis Willd. N. W. U.S.
vulgaris L,.

Erechtites

FIRE-WEED.
hieracifolia (1,.) Raf.

Mesadenia

(Cacalia)

INDIAN PLANTAIN.
atriplicifolia (L.) Raf. W. U.S.
reniformis (Muhl.) Raf.

Senecio
GROUNDSEL.
obovatus Muhl.

Arctium
BURDOCK.
Lappa lL. Europe

Carduus

(Cnicus)

COMMON OR PLUMED THISTLE.
altissimus L,.
arvensis (L.) Robs. Europe
discolor (Muhl.) Nutt.
lanceolatus L. Europe
Virginianus L.

Onopordon

ScoTcH THISTLE.
acanthium L, Europe.

230 Cincinnati Soctety

Adopogon

(Krigia)

DWARF DANDELION.
Carolinianum (Walt.) Britton
(K. Virginica Willd.)
Virginicum (L.) Kuntze
(K. amplexicaulis Nutt.

CICHORIACEAE

Tragopogon
SALSIFY.
porrifolius lL. Europe

Taraxacum
IDANDELION.
Taraxacum (I,.) Karst. Europe
(T. officinale Weber)
Sonchus
Sow THISTLE.
arvensis L, Europe.
asper (L,.) All. Europe

oleraceus L. Europe

of Natural History.

Lactuca

LETTUCE.
Canadensis I.
sagittifolia Ell.
(L. integrifolia Bigel.
sativa C. Bauhin
GARDEN LETTUCE. Europe.
Scariola lL. Europe.
spicata (Iam.) A. S. Hitche.
(L. leucophaea A. Gray)
villosa Jacq.
(L. acuminata A. Gray)
virosa L,

Nabalus
(Prenanthes)
RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.
albus (1,.) Hook.
altissimus (Iy.) Hook.
crepidineus (Michx.) DC.
Hieracium
HAWKWEED.
scabrum Michx.

Cichorium
Intybus L. Europe.

32

Medicinal Plants Growing in Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio.

231

Poo wet List OF MEDICINAL PLANTS,
WILD OR CULTIVATED, GROWING IN THE
VICINITY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, WITH NOTES

AS) rO,LHEH PARTS
PURPOSES.

USED FOR MEDICINAL

By WALTER H. AIKEN.

The numbers refer to the parts used, viz:

Ir, root; 1b, bark of root; 2, stem

; 26, bark; 2c, underground stem;

3, leaves; 4, flowers, 4b, buds; 5, fruit; 6, whole herb; 7, sap; 8, resinous

exudations,; 9, EXCrescences.

Osintinda tegalis DL)... 5... 2% I
cinnamomea L....... I
Adiantum pedatum L......... 6

Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 6
Equisetum hyemale L......... 6
Larix laricina (Du Roy) Koch. 2b

Pee uropaca Tie. . .ie. oes 8
A-hnja occidentalis 7... ....... 3
Juniperus Virginiana L....... 3,9
iy pualatifolia Ey. 02)) ia. 2e0s I
Alisma Plantago-aquatica L... 3
INV GHIA SACLVAL gH hist s.2 <ioccc sects 5
Hordeum vulgare Ty..o2..028), 5
Agropyrum repens (l.) Beauv. 1
Meorus Calamus Te. os ecpicis.. 2c

Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf...1, 5
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Tor-

POV as Few S he ROE Meets 2c
lta mI Ce pa (Ty 2' awaen apni 2@
a sativum C. Bauhin..... 2c

Erythronium Americanum Ker.1, 3
Asparagus officinalis L
Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong 1

Prallinm erectumely.... .. 4.10... I

ae Sessile Ih: cackamectais I
Dioscorea villosa ly:3; 5.20265. 2c
Mrisiversicolorwig i! oh.)aed ashe beet 2c

(Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 4.)

Corallorhiza odontorhiza Nutt. 1
ss Wisteriana Conrad 1
Juglans cineréalysss322) 20) rbs.4
eS 12 8) Ops eS Se 5

Populus balsamifera candicans

CRUE VIA Gray cea accurpts 4b
Populus grandidentata Mx.... 2b
cf tremuloides Mx...... 2b
Salix tligra, Marsh . os ceoe. uk 2b, 4
D) WPUEP Tea Dy ips) .eo te a: 2b
Ostrya Virginiana Mx......... 2b
Opercus alban. 2 nase 2b
st mura Peat, eas tie. 2b

e velutina anti: 5.0... 2b
Ulmus pubescens Walt........ 2b
NGAUS sebiloy es! Wess oncuc .2b, 5
Humulus Lupulus L....... 2... 4
Cannabis sativadly)..s5.42.. 52. 4, 8
WrticadigicaPurshs.... 2... . iB
Adicea puma, (Ij. Rates. .s. 3
Asarum, Canadense L.......... I
“¢ revlexnm Biche. 20.) I
Aristolochia serpentarium I... 1
Rettinexeacetosellanly a yvsjey rier 3
Se ECEISDUS yas Sey et I

uP Obtusifoliuselys ssi y. yt: I

I PRINTED May 5, 1904.

232
Polygonum erectum L........ 6
punctatum L...... 6
Fagopyrum Fagopyrum (L.)
TKAESES noe tains eens Bey WS
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.. 5
¢ BOTY SU yt. tes. 5
Amaranthus hybridus L....... 3
Phytolacca decandra L...... oy 5
Saponaria officinalis L........ ies!
Ste ere ciialwlyenieetetitae > aietels aie 6
Nymphaea advena Sol......... I
Castalia odorata (Dry.) W..... 1
Magnolia acuminata L........ 2b
Liriodendron tulipifera L..... 2b
Hydrastis Canadensis L........ I
Actaea al bas ue) e villi emer nee: 2c
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.)..... I
Syndesmon thalictroides L.
ING ESAS er ete ate ies ehiskeet a la or I
Hepatica acuta (Pursh.) Br.... 6
Ranunculus repens L.........2¢, 6
oe sceleratus I.....2c, 6

Podophyllum peltatum L..... Ze"
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers... 1
Caulophyllum thalictroides L. 1
Berberis vulgaris L,
Menispermum Canadense L.... I
Sassafras Sassafras (L.) Karst. 1b
Benzoin Benzoin (L.) Coult..2b, 5

Sanguinaria Canadensis L..... I
Chelidonium majus L......... it
Papaver somniferum L........ 5
Bicuculla Canadensis (Gol.)
Min ess Re ee ere or I
Sisymbrium officinale (L.)
SCOP ls 5 6'fiis ecm acrde ecru ee 5,6

Roripa armoracia (l.) A.S. H.. 1
Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britt. 6

Heuchera Americana L........ I
Hydrangea arborescens L..... I
Liquidambar styraciflua L..... 7
Hamamelis Virginiana L..... 28
Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl)
Brite.) ea ae oe se 1b
Rubus willosiis Antersee nee. o- 1b

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Fragaria Virginiana Duch..... 5
Potentilla Cagadensisily.a.. - = aed
Geum Virginianum L......... I
Agrimonia mollis (T. & G.)
Britt iors sentir ls, Meee ee 4
Malus Malus (\L.) Britt........ 2b
Prunus serotina Ehrh......... 2b
Amygdalus Persica L......... Buy
Cassia Marylandica L.......... 3
i. @hamaecristaiys ores. 3

Gymnocladus dioicus L. (Koch.) 5
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.& Br..1, 3

Melilotus alba Desyv........... Bal
officinalis (L.) Lam. .3, 4
Trifolium pratense L,...:...-.. 4
Robinia Pseudacacia L....... 20a
Geranium maculatum L....... I
Oxalis stricta: st ete 6
6 witlacka En .5 stock oon ee 6
Linum usitatissimum L....... 5
Xanthoxylum Americanum L,. 2b,5
Rieleamiatoliatavlyes- eee 1b
Ailanthus glandulosa Desf..1b, 2b
Polygala seneva a aaa ee I
ne viridescems Ty)... 40: I
Ricinus communis L.......... 5
Euphorbia corollata Eng...... Ib
~ maculata .-<8e seer: 3
a Preslii Purshiy =: 53: a
Callitriche Austini Eng........ 6
Rhus copallina L............ aby 5
“< glabra Ty, vy BER eee 2b, 5
<. hirtal (Ey. )Sadw'. -..: 2b, 5
‘o “radi cansuly ace iit. faeae 3
Hex opacay Atty: .2°2. 125s emees 3
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1b
Celastrus scandens L.......... Ib
Aesculus Hippocastanum L,... 1b
Impatiens aurea Muhl......... 6
a. biflora Wal.....7.... 6
Ceanothus Americanus L..... Ib
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
(Tic) ORL ee tae 2, 2b

Malva rotundifolia L.......... 6

Medicinal Plants Growing in Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio.

Miola odorata Tee kis 3052 7.4 6
Oeuothera biennis (L.) Scop.2, 2b
Bralia racemosaky. ~ cies «-,2%.)2:- I
Sanicula Marylandica L....... I
Washingtonia longistylis (Torr. )
REED ona. «= 5 eM eresd ease 23 pte Bo I
Riri tile CANTY lye: 209 cye,2!5 acres 5
Danes) Carotaiyi st... ae 1,5
Cornus Amonum Mill........ 2b
Se, Mae ESS atic caress wk 2b
Monotropa uniflora L......... I
Anagallis arvensis L.......... 3
Diospyros Virginiana L...... 2b, 5
Fraxinus Americana L........ 2b
“ mipra Marsh. oo 324- 2b
y quadrangulata Mx... 2b
Chionanthus Virginica L...... Ib
agustrum yaleare 1... .22-..5. 3
Sabbatia angularis (L.) Pursh. 6
Frasera Carolinensis Walt..... I
Apocynum androsaemifoliumL. 1
cannabinum L..... I
Asclepias incarnata L....... ceaest
SyilaCa leery ays 2 ae, 3 I
i BADE LOSA La o.5 chee I

Lappula Virginiana (L.) Gr...

I
I
Cynoglossum officinale L..... see
I
Mertensia Virginica (L.) D.C. 3

Verbena hastatal. .... 2.5.0) I
RS Miiellolia wy 2 Ss. I
Scutellaria lateriflora L........ 6
Marrubium vulgare L......... 6
Bepeta.cataria dy. 22.22 as.6'. <5 3,4
Glecoma hederacea L.......... 3
Weonurus'CardiacaWo.3.5..... Ze gl
Babvia lytata Tocco. es acess... z
See OLICIMI ALIS Myra soot c: 8,32 = 3
Hedeoma pulegioides L....... 6
Melissa officinalis L........... 6
Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Britt.... 6
“ Virginiana (.) McM... 6
Lycopus VirginicusL.. ...... 6

233
Wentharpiperita Iisceeen- 2a: 6
Spicatanly: taxsss6e2s 2% 6
Collinsonia Canadensis L...... 6
Solanum Dulcamara Ty... ....- its
¥ tuberosum Isa oc) 5 2 6
a oh Csaq hh sts Pe aI ee re 3
Lycopersicon Lycopersicon (I. )
IRALS ts Hes vets Nees cee nieis = 6
Datura Stramonium E......... 3,5
Nicotiana Tabacum J,..:.:...: 3
Verbascum Thapsus L........ 3,4
Scrophularia Marylandica L...1, 3
Ettelqneglabraayh goes: tk. 3
Veronica peregrina L......... 3
Leptandra Virginica(L.) Nutt. 1
Digitalis purpurea L......... 3
Leptamnium Virginianum (L.)
Beatie ose ar 6
Catalpa Catalpa (L.) Karst.... 2b
Plantago Rugelii Dene........ Is 4
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.. 2b
GaliimpAparineay.se.e.sce)- ir 6
Sambucus Canadensis L....... 4,5
Viburromvopulis ys sans.) = 2c 2b
< prunifolium L...... Ib
Wobeliainflata Wy. 25222 -ceiee 3,5
Vernonia fasciculata Mx...... I
Eupatorium perfoliatum L....3, 4
sa putpuream! Ll.) LE
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh.)
Wyre teers acted Wastes ys ete 3,4
AStexpusiCenS: ly.2.e 2 cect. a I
Erigeron ramosus ( Wal.) B.S.P. 6
Philadelphicus L..... 6
Anaphalis margaritacea L, (B.
STE crete, stisisyeus oars ose ctee oe 2
Inula vieleniuat Eo. ccs cic I
Polymina Uvedalia L.......... I
Silphium perfoliatum L....... I
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.... 3
# jig bots Hs Bs ae em tien 2
Xanthium spinosum L........ 6
Rudbeckia laciniata L......... 6

Helianthus annuus L.......... 5

234

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Bidens bipinnata L...........

ae

ce

connata Viuhlyes- 2822. .

frOUdOsaleae rier ce:

Helenium autumnale L.......
Achillea Millefolium L........

Chrysanthemum lLeucanthe-

mum Ty. .

Chrysanthemum Parthenium

(L.)

Tanacetum vulgare Ijy.).:.. 22.2 6
Artemisia vulgaris Ij. ..-.0.-2. 3,4
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.1,6
Atctinm Lappa. dy. sas .0cea ae aes
Cniens arvensis (1. RODS) .. 5 001

Taraxacum Taraxacum (L,.) Karst I
Wactucarsativaly.-- a easeee ae 7

WirOSan lye ere cra 7
Nabalus albus (L.) Hook...... 6

Orthography of Names of the Natades. 235

ARTICLE VIII.—ORTHOGRAPHY OF NAMES OF
THE NAIADES.

By JosuA LINDAHL (CINCINNATI).

The current literature on the fresh-water mussels, more
than any other branch of zoology, is so filled with glaring
orthographic blunders, that it seems necessary that something
be done, without further delay, toward establishing a fixed
basis for spelling the scientific names of the 1,200 species and
varieties which, according to Stmpson’s Synopsis*, belong to
the world’s fauna of the said group. More than one-fifth of
them are now generally written wrong, in defiance of the rules
for the orthography of such names. These rules are set down
in a series of Canons and Recommendations in the Code of
Nomenclature, adopted first by the American Ornithologists’
Union (New York, 1892). The following have a particular
bearing on the corrections which I am going to present.

Canon VIII.—Proper names of species, and of sub-
species or “‘ varieties,’ are single words, simple or com-
pound, preferably adjectival or genitival, or taken as such,
when practicable agreeing in gender and number with
any generic name with which they are associated in
binominal or trinominal nomenclature, and written with
a small initial letter.

CaNon XXX.--Specific names when adopted as generic
are not to be changed.

CANON XL.—The original typography of a name is to
be rigidly preserved, unless a typographical error is
evident.

*Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-Water Mussels. By Charles Torrey
Simpson, Aid, Division of Mollusks. From the Proceedings of the United States
National Museum, Vol. XXII, Washington, 1900.

Jour. Cin. Soc. NaT. Hist., Vou. XX, No. 5. PRINTED FEBRUARY I, 1906.

236 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Remarks. +. 2 restrict (the semendation: or
names to the correction of obvious or known typograph-
ical errors involving obscurity.*

RECOMMENDATION I.—The rules of Latin orthography
are to be adhered to in the construction of scientific names.

Remarks. . . . For instance, the names which modern
authors have written Azpunemia ... . potocephala,
must, according to the laws of etymology, be spelt
“Eipycnemia . . , peocephala.

Simpson gave four different forms to the name of one of
the new genera, described in his “Synopsis,’”’ viz.: Sch7s/o-
desma (pp. 506 and 514). Shistodesmus (pp. 803 and 804),
Shistodesma (p. 1036), and Schistodesmus (Table of Contents,
p. vi of the separate edition of the Synopsis, while the Table
of Contents of the whole volume of Proceedings has, on p. vii,
Shistodesmus). ‘The spelling of the first syllable as ‘‘ SAz”’ is
an impossibility in a Greek word, and the above Recommenda-
tion I demands that it be written ‘Schz.’?’ Mr. BRYANT
WALKER (in letters) urges, correctly, that the forms used
previous to page 803, where the species is first defined, shall
be considered as xomina nuda. ‘The name, properly translit-
erated, must therefore stand as Schistodesmus.

RECOMMENDATION IJI.—In latinizing personal names °
only the termination should be changed, except as in
cases provided for under Recommendation IV.

Remarks.— ..... . . This recommendation-. .~. . ,
is particularly to be observed in many names ending in
a, the genitive of which should be @.

RECOMMENDATION IV.—Names adopted from lan-
guages. . . . . containing characters not represented

*Such an error involving obscurity, albeit the fault of the author rather than of
the typographer, we find in the name of QOuadrula keineriana, dedicated by Lea to:
“Mr. L. C. Keiner, the author of /conographie des Coguilles Vivantes.’’ But that
author’s name was LL. C. KIENER. A similar error occurs in Lea’s Anodonta jewit-
tiana, named in honor of Col. K. Jewett.—Would anybody hesitate to correct such
lapsus penne ?—See the following Recommendation II,

2

Orthography of Names of the Natades. 237

in the Roman alphabet. . . . should be rendered by the
corresponding Roman letters or combinations of letters.

Remarks.—The German 0. . . may be rendered .
byes) oes

The above canons and recommendations may be supple-
mented by the following rule, for certain cases not considered
by the authors of the Code:

SUPPLEMENTARY RULE.— When the gender of a word
used as a generic name can not be decided by any etymolog-
ical rule, priority of use shall settle the question.

Remarks.—There are two generic names, Lampszlis and
Glabaris, to which no linguistic rules can be applied for
determining their gender, except so far that neither of them
can be a neuter. Nor is there any rule in the A. O. U. Code
by which it can be decided whether they are to be considered
as masculines or feminines. But Rafinesque, who invented
the name Lampsilis,* described under that new genus three
species, one of which, Z. ovata, shows that he meant it to be
afeminine. William Stimpson, in his “Shells of New Eng-
land,’’ used it likewise as feminine, and the various later
authors who have treated it as a masculine are in error.

J. E. Gray coined the name G/adaris without ever using it
coupled to any specific name. The first author who used it in
such combinations was Von Ihering. In his ‘ Najaden von
S. Paulo,’ 1893, he referred half a score of species to that
genus using the name as feminine, and this priority of use
must be accepted as decisive.

Professor Walter Miller, now of the Tulane University in
New Orleans, published, some years ago, a most excellent
guide for the compounding of names from Latin and Greek
roots,t which ought to be carefully perused by Zoologists and

*Monographie des Coquilles Bivalves Fluviatiles de la Riviére Ohio. Bruxelles,
1820.

{Scientific names of Latin and Greek Derivation.—Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc., Third Ser,
Zoology, Vol. I., No. 3.—San Francisco, 1897,

3

238 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Botanists. He says (p. 127): ‘‘If the final member of a nomen
compositum is a noun, the compound will have the form and
gender and inflectional stem of that noun,’’ and further (p.
129): “The gender of the genus name, when it is made a noun,
depends not on the termination, but upon the gender of the
noun forming the final element of the compound.”

This rule is, however, not easily applied in cases where the
compound has been so distorted, that it is hard to tell whether
to consider the word as a genuine noun or some kind of mal-
formed adjective made to pose as a noun. Such examples
may be found in Anodonta, Alasmirdonta, Symphynota and
Mycetopoda. ‘To treat them as masculines because the final
elements of each of them is a masculine noun, it would be
futile to attempt. We must leave them as feminines. But
the rule is fully applicable to all names terminating in ofszs,
which must be feminines (7 os) and those in dema, desma,
branchus and rhynchus, all of which are neuter—ro fjpa,
70 deopa a band, (not from 7 déopuy, a bundle), 7a Bpdyxua, gills,
(not from 6 Bpayxos, hoarseness), and 70 puyxos.

Many of our conchologists have been puzzled how to handle
specific names with such terminations as we find in adjectives,
and the mistaken idea that all specific names are to be consid-
ered as adjectives has led them occasionally to inflect these
nouns as adjectives. Unio clava has often been written
U7. clavus, whereby the intention of the original author to
compare its shape to that of a c/wé was perverted so as to make
it look like a mai/. The name U/nzo calceolus, suggesting the
resemblance of the shell to a slipper, was changed to A/arga-
rita calceola, which suggests nothing at all. While such
inflections are obviously wrong, it might appear reasonable,
when the noun denotes a living being and the Latin language
has two forms for resp., male and female individuals, that the
form should be used which corresponds to the gender of the
generic name. (Unio corvunculus may thus become Lamfp-
silis corvuncula, Buta consistent application of such a rule
may lead to a perversion of the significance of the orig-
inal name. For example: the European stag-beetle (Zucanus

4

Orthography of Names of the Natiades. 239

cervus) has its name from the striking resemblance of its
mandibles to the antlers of a stag (cervus). If that species
should have to be transferred to another genus, /., which hap-
pens to be a feminine noun, and we call the said stag-beetle
F. cerzva, the fitness of the original appellation would be sadly
destroyed, as the doe (cerva) has no antlers. The only safe
rule for the orthography of a specific name, when the species
shall be shifted from one genus to another, is therefore : /eave
all nouns unaffected by the gender of the generic name.

In many specific names ending on enszs, after a geographical
name ending with a vowel, that vowel is elided, while in others
it is not, and, in some of the latter, ae is written as a diphthong,
in others as two distinct vowels. Professor Miller, whom I
have consulted on this question, writes me: ‘‘Before the sufix
ensis, elision is imperative, except in the case of y, which is
so often a consonant that it is always so treated. The words
suggested would accordingly appear as dhamensis, chalcensts,
cincinnatensis, demerarensis, monroensis, ohiensis, tampicensis,
omensts, topekensts, ujijensis, tavoyensts, etc.”

In the following list of corrected names I have used Simp-
son’s Synopsis as the basis. The rest of the names adopted,
or given, by Simpson may be considered as unassailable under
the protection of the code. Fully aware of the danger of
doing mischief by any unnecessary change of a published
name, I have submitted proofs of this paper to five eminent
judges on questions of nomenclature, and, in every instance, I
have abided by the verdict of the majority of them—even
in the case of Dromus dromas, which, according to Canon
XXX, certainly ought to be Dromas dromas. I beg herewith
to express my sincere gratitude for the help thus rendered
by Drs. Wm. Dau, THEODORE GILL, LEONHARD STEJNEGER
and VICTOR STERKI and Mr. BRYANT WALKER,

Cincinnatt Society of Natural History.

List oF CORRECTED NAMES.

Lampsilis (fem.).

ventricosa,

4 satura,
excavata,
binominata,
carlosa,
ovata,
ochracea,
splendida,
perpasta,
clarkiana,
multiradiata,
brevicula,

i brittsi,
biangulata,
luteola,

: rosacea,
radiata,

i conspicua,
hydiana,
approxima,
contraria,
porphyrea,
straminea,
reeviana,
ligamentina,

ne gibba,

orbiculata,
teeniata,
picta,
punctata,
bracteata,
venusta,
fallaciosa
recta,
nasuta,

)

subrostrata,

lienosa,
fe unicostata,

propria,

punicea,

obscura,

vaughaniana,

constricta,

apicina,

nigerrima,

fatua,

planicostata,

nebulosa,

muehlfeldiana,

amoena,

tenera,

sima,

planca,

subangulata,

kirklandiana,

perpurpurea,

vibex nigrina,

suda,

villosa,

pellucida,

papyracea,

singleyana,

texasensis compressa,

parva,

haliana,

germana,

meesta,

paula,

pulla,

alata,

ims

poulsoni,

Orthography of Names of the Naiades. 241
rovirose, Dromus (mas. ).
purpurata, dromas,
umbrosa,

: : Anodonta (fem.).
tampicensis,
livida, wahlamatensis,
explicata, luculenta.
alienigena, GILES;
metallica, eurvala:
leevissima, picta,
amphicheena, Gabillotia (fem.).
scutulata, euphratica churchilliana.
paludosa,
argyrata. Unio (mas. ).
: platyrhynchoideus,
Hyriopsis (fem.). congareus.
bialata,
myersiana, Alasmidonta (fem.).
pinchoniana, dalecolkie
vagula,
caudiculata. Pleurobema (neu.).
Lepidodesma (neu.). maculatum,
aliger. holstonense,
Nephronaias (fem.). ° bournianum,
medellina CU Seg
. ; ravenelianum,
reticulata — oviforme,
phicusiame rs ornatum,
eeruginosa, appressum,
pusuloss, validum
persulcata, iy
plicatula, swordianum,
tayetelia: subglobatum,
vellicata, eee
Pies barnesianum,
pudicum,
Ptychobranchus (neu. ). bigbyense,
clintonense, decisum,
foremanianum, chattanoogense,
trinacrium. . interventum,

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

murrayense.
curtum,
taitianum,
perovatum,
stabile,
troschelianum,
irrasum,
altum,
hartmanianum,
instructum,
verum,
rubellum,
furvum,
hanleyanum,
flavidulum,
bulbosum,
reclusum,
brumbyanum,
strodianum,
patsaligense,
favosum,
lenticulare,
litum,
georgianum,
pyriforme,
modicum,
striatum,
gibberum,
fascinans rhomboideum,
argenteum,
a pannosum,

connasaugense,
breve,

i subellipticum,
planius,
estabrookianum,
striatulum,
amabile,

cicatricosum.

Quadrula (fem.).

aspera,

pustulosa kieneriana,

coccinea paupercula,

polysticto-scripta,

polysticta,

microsticta,

triclavus,

cornuum-lunz cinnamo-
mea.

Schistodesmus (mas.).

Cuneopsis (fem.).

capitata.

Nodularia (fem.).

soboles,
eequatoria,
caffra,
‘ africana,
vaalensis,

hygapana.

ce

Pseudodon (mas.).

ellipticus,
cambodiensis.

Parreysia (fem.).

wynegungensis,
vulcanus,

burmana,
gowhattensis,
ngesiana,
hypsiprymnus,
chinensis squamosa.

Ptychorhynchus (neu.).

pfisteri inspiratum,

Orthography of Names of the Naiades. 243

mediastinum,
apicellatum,
schomburgkianum,
murinum (see Errata, Sy-
nopsis, p. vill)
Ctenodesma (neu.).
borneense.
Tetraplodon (mas.).
quadrilaterus.

Castalina (fem.).

psammeeca.

Diplodon (mas.).
rhyaccecus,
wagnerianus,
sethiops piricicabanus,
demerarensis,
hyleeus.

Spatha (fem.).
wahlbergi bourguignati.

Monocondylza (fem.).
inermis.

Glabaris (fem.).

patagonica.
- felix,
crassa,
rubicunda,
rotunda,
membranacea,
crispata,
philippiana,

luteola,

schomburgkiana,

cylindracea,

puelchana,

limnceca,

lucida,

trautwiniana,

trapezialis,

4 anserina,

exotica,

scripta,

moretoniana,

cygneeiformis.

radiata,

simpsoniana,

sinuosa,

glauca,
e sinaloensis,

umbonata,

jewettiana,

forbesiana,

trigona,

elongata,

lingulata,

mortoniana,

longina,

leotaudi,

tenebricosa,

pastasana,

schroeteriana,

obtusa,

liturata,

falsa.

Pisolitic Barite. 245

ARTICLE IX.—PISOLITIC BARITE.

By HERMAN WUESTNER,

CURATOR OF MINERALS, CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAIL, HISTORY,
CINCINNATI.

Mr. B. P. THRASHER, residing at present at Saratoga,
Texas, on October 24th last, sent to the Museum of the Cin-
cinnati Society of Natural History, a few pellets of a mineral
labeled as follows: ‘‘ From water strata, 1350 feet belcw sur
face, at Saratoga, Hardin Co., Texas. Several barrels of them
blown out by gas in boring for oul.”

The specimens being turned over to me for examination,
blowpipe analysis soon proved these pellets to consist of barite,
a mineral which has never hitherto been recorded as occurring
in pisolitic form.

Dr. Josua Lindahl, Director of the Museum, wrote at once
to Mr. Thrasher, asking him to send more abundant material
for examination. In response, Mr. Thrasher forwarded about
four ounces of the same material, declaring this was all that
remained, all the rest of it having been left on the ground,
whence it had now been washed away beyond recovery. He
also supplemented his previous statements by giving the tem-
perature of the water that brought up the pellets as 120° F.
(about 49° C.), adding that this was the only instance where
such material had been obtained at any oil boring in that
region.

Among the pellets were found a few fragments of a brown
fossil of a porous, sponge-like structure and saturated with
petroleum. These, too, proved to consist mainly of barite.
One of them was sent to Dr. E. O. ULRicH, of the U. S.
Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., for possible indentifi-
cation. Dr. Ulrich, kindly replying, states that the specimen
is ‘‘ a fragment of one of the reef building corals,’’ and that

Jour. CIN. Soc. Nat. HIst., VOL. XX, No. 6. PRINTED MARCH 5, 1906

246 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

‘“ the occurrence of such corals in the Miocene of Texas is well
known.’’ He had further consulted his colleague, Dr. T. W.
VAUGHAN, who said that it “‘may be an Acroporid coral, but
too poorly preserved for definite determination’’ Fig. 1
shows photograph of one of these fragments, enlarged 8 diam.

Fic. 1.

The pellets in a subsequent chemical analysis (see below)
were shown also to contain calcium sulfate and strontium sul-
fate in weighable quantities. They have evidently been
formed around fragments of the coral as a nucleus, investing
such fragments with concentric layers of barium (calcium
and strontium ) sulfate.

Dr. Ulrich, in his communication, suggests that “the sulfate
of barium covering may be a metasomatic replacement of a
similar original calcium carbonate investment. Such a
replacement may, as in this case, extend to and include the
nucleus.”’

As to the structure of the pellets, a transverse section reveals
tubes radiating from the nucleus like spokes of a wheel (see
Figs. 2-4), imbedded in a series of two or three incrusting
concentric shells, surrounded by a series of cortical layers,
into which the radiating tubes do not extend, though some
radiated structure is discernible in the microscopic section of
these cortical layers also. It seems that after the deposition
of the inner shells, the process was interrupted, and the outer
shells were formed at a later period.

The inner layers are of a bluish white tint and quite com-
pact; the cortical layers are creamy white and of less compact

2

Fic. 2. MiGHoe

Fia. 4.

Fig. 2.—Section of a round pellet, x 1o diam.

Fig. 3.—Section of a spheroidal pellet, x 10 diam.

Fig. 4.—A portion of the same section as in Fig. 3, x 25 diam.

Note.—Figs. 2 and 3 are slightly reduced from the size of the
original photo-micrographs. The original photo-micrograph used for
Fig. 4 was enlarged in the half-tone from 18% to 25 diam. The neg-
ative was taken under Obj. 1, Oc. 1 (Winckel).

248 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

structure. When a transverse section of a pellet is immersed
for a moment in carmine ink and then washed in water, the
cortical layers will be seen to have readily absorbed the ink,
while the inner layers are not affected by the staining fluid.
Still, upon crushing, even the cortical layers present a consid-
erable degree of hardness.

The pellets are of a strikingly uniform appearance. With
the exception of the smallest ones, on which the incrustation
has just commenced, and which therefore still present the
irregular form of the nucleus, they are in most cases nearly
spherical, rarely spheroidal or discoidal.

About one-third, in bulk, of the whole quantity consists of
broken pellets, the remaining two-thirds being unbroken, and
the total number of these is 456, varying in size, weight and
form as follows:

25 pellets, diameter 2.0 to 4.0 mm, form irregular nodular; cortical
layer thin, or none; ends of tubuli often plainly marked on the sur-
face, but rarely with an open lumen. Weight of the smallest specimen
.09 gm.

37 pellets, diameter 4.0 to 4.5 mm, form approximately spherical.
Average weight .22 gm.

384 pellets, diameter 4.5 to 5.0 mm, nearly spherical. Average weight
.24 gm.

10 pellets, diameter more than 5 mm in one direction, not over
4.5 mim in another direction. These 10 specimens are either prolate or
oblate spheroidal in shape. The largest one, an oblate spheroid, hay-
ing diameters of 4 and 7.5 mm, weighs .40 gm.

The largest fragment of the coral (Fig. 1) measures 8 mm.
in width, but only 3 mm in thickness, and weighs .15 gm;
another, 6 mm. in width, has a thickness of 3.5mm. ‘The
others a still smaller.

In order to account for the uniformity of the round pellets
and the scarcity of the flat ones, we may suppose that, in tap-
ping the underground repository of these peculiar formations,
the upward stream of water carried only those pellets which
did not exceed a certain maximum weight. As to the flat
pieces, whose weight exceeds that limit, it seems that the

4

OF OCiENCES

Pisolitic Barite. 249

stream brought to the surface only those few which happened
to present their flat surface in a direction perpendicular to
that of the upward pressure. The others, tilted, did not pre-
sent as large an effective surface, i. e., did not sustain the same
lifting force.

The manner in which these pellets were tormed is probably
a matter of conjecture. In this particular case, it is not likely
that these bodies were carried by a subterranean stream,
because, as Mr. Thrasher states, no such material has been
encountered before in deep borings which have been carried
on in neighboring localities.

It is quite probable, therefore, that the pellets are the
product of a confined locality, and were formed by a subter-
ranean spring carrying barite in solution, much in the same
manner as the pisolitic aragonite in the Sprudel of Carlsbad,
Bohemia, is believed to be formed. The coral fragments result-
ing from the breaking up of an underground deposit, were
carried up by the spring, and each fragment was kept spinning
around while layer after layer of barite was deposited around
it, a process which continued until the pellets grew too heavy
to be kept in suspension.

The radiating tubuli may then be the result of the centri-
fugal force by which the oil contents of the nucleus were con-
stantly brought to the open pores on the surface, preventing
deposition of barite within the pores. Each additional coating
encroached, however, on the lumen of each tubule, causing
them to grow narrower as their length increased.

Whether the coral nucleus and the incrusting shells, orig-
inally, consisted of barite, or of calcite subsequently changed
by a metasomatic substitution of barite, is a question which it
may. not be possible to decide as long as the original deposit
of the material remains inaccessible. A similar substitution
has taken place in the oolite from Centre County, Pa., where
silica has taken the place of calcium carbonate.

Dr. S. WALDBOTT, of the Ohio Mechanics Institute, has
most kindly made a quantitative analysis of the materials
herein described, and submits the following results :

250 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Shell | Nucleus | Coral
8461 4084 0617
|
Volatile Hydrocarbons......... 17% 98% | 1.62%
WVolatilevat red heatven.. -2e 3248) 220 3.08
Ba SOs ere sas ccake saree eae 92.78 92.59 | 83.4
aS Ole srnteiade siereiremae seeker te 3.31 2.79 | undetermined
Sr SO a aati check 1.36 10473} none
Undetermined (iron, unburned : |
WrdowWlabinwecesacos use sono 1.60 2.40
100.00% | 100.009 |

*After removing nuclei from several broken pellets.
+Taken out of the same broken pellets.

Specific gravity of pellets, 3.99.

In order to ascertain the geological age of the stratum
whence the pellets were ejected, Dr. Lindahl secured,
through the courtesy of Mr. Thrasher, a copy of the boring
log, which contained the following note: ‘1322 to 1375 feet :
Oil, sand, . .. . . Formations (pellets) came from 1350
feet. Water temperature 120°.”

Comparing the log with data published in U. S. G. S.,
Bulletin No. 212 (‘Oil Fields of the Texas-Louisana Gulf
Coastal Plain. By Dr. C. W. Hayes and William Kennedy),
Dr. Lindahl came to the conclusion that the strata at the
above depth might reasonably be guessed to belong to the
lowest Neocene beds, “3 d”’ of the section on page 20 of the
said Bulletin, and Dr. Hayes, to whom the log was submitted,
confirmed the conjecture in the following words: ‘‘This is as
neat as any one else could guess.—C. W. H.” The Bulletin
states that sands of those beds “‘ carry fossils of Miocene age.”
As remarked above, Drs. Ulrich and Vaughan considered the
brown particles as fragments of a Miocene coral.

For the photo-micrographs, here reproduced in half-tone
(Figs. 2-4), I am greatly indebted to Drs. M. L. HEIDINGS-
FEI.D and A. J. MARKLEY, of Cincinnati. I also wish to
express my gratitude to Dr. JosuA LINDAHL, Director of the
Museum of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, for his
kind and unselfish co-operation in connection with the subject
herein presented.

Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 251

ARTICLE X.—ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON SOME COLEOP-
TERA OF THE CINCINNATI REGION, INCLUDING
SEVEN NEW SPECIES.

By CHARLES Dury (CINCINNATI).

HAMOTUS BATRISIOIDES Lec.

I have taken a number of this curious species by sifting the
decayed and honeycombed interior of a standing dead tree.
Both males and females were taken. I notice that the anten-
nal club of female is smaller than that of the male. April 2
to May 2, Cincinnati, Ohio.

HOMGUSA EXPANSA Lec.

This flat little species was sifted from a nest of pale ants,
Lastus claviger, May 7.

SCOPAOPSIS DURYI Casey.

Sifted from the debris of a patch of withered fungus, 4gar7-
cin@; three specimens. See Revision of American Peederini.
Casey. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1905, vol. xv., No. 2, p. 216.

PTINIDIUM LINEATUM Lec.

This very minute species lives under the decaying bark of
the “Honey Locust,” in moist places. I have also sifted it
from the debris at the base of these trees. May 4.

ANAMORPHUS PUSILLUS Zimme.

One specimen, July 7, taken feeding on fungus on beech
log in company with Aymébus minor, which species it resem-
bles in an astonishing manner.

COLYPHUS MELANOPTERUS MN. sp.

Jet black, shining, except the thorax, which is rose pink,
and the mouth and front, which are pale testaceous. Head

Jour. CIN. Soc. Nat. Hist. VOL. XX, No. 7. PRINTED MARCH 8, 1906

1

252 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

with scattered, fine punctures. Front with a broad crescentic
impression, interrupted at middle. Eyes large, prominent.
Antenne eleven-jointed, without club, the joints gradually
becoming wider to the tenth. Thorax with a broad black
furcate mark extending from base to apex. Elytra coarsely
cribrate and but little wider than thorax; widest about the
middle, with prominent humeri. Body sparsely covered with
erect black hairs. This species comes nearest Colyphus fur-
catus Sch., but is longer, much less hairy, the elytra are more
shining and immaculate jet black. 8 mm. Cincinnati, Ohio.
As defined by Mr. Gorham in Biologia, vol. iii., p. 2, this spe-
cies belongs in his ‘‘Sec. A.’’ I took one specimen while
sweeping low vegetation in river bottom, July 5, 1905. I was
very much surprised to see a representative of this genus so
far north as Cincinnati.

PTILINUS RUFICORNIS Say.

May 20, 1905, I saw a maple stump that had a large flat
sliver sticking up on one side. Into this a number of this
species were cutting round holes. Many of them were half
buried, leaving the posterior end sticking out of thehole. All
were females. Until late in June they were at work here, and
also on the wood of a split beech tree. I never take males in
such a situation, but get them by beating dead branches. The
male is much rarer than the female.

ODONTOSPHINDUS DENTICOLLIS Lec.

June 11, 1905, I took this species eating a dark brown
powdery fungus that was growing on a poplar-log. Sphindus
americanus Lec lives in same fungus. Americanus is abund-
ant, denticollis is rare, and Lurysphindus hirtus Lec. is very
rare here.

LACHNOSTERNA VEHEMENS /forn.

Twenty-two males of this species were taken flying about

electriclights. Superficially it resembles Z. fusca very closely,

but the curved and hooked inner spur of hind tibia and the
broad angulation of hind femur distinguish it. The types

9
a

Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 253

were from Kansas. It is a very abundant species here, but no
females have yet been taken.

CRIOCERIS ASPARAGI L772.

The first specimen I have seen from Cincinnati of this intro-
duced species was taken July 7, 1905, on Walnut Hills, by
Miss Anette Braun.

NEOBROTICA (GALERUCA) DORSATA Say.

In a note by me in Ent. News for February, 1904, p. 53,
I mention the occurrence of this beautiful Chrysomelid.
Further search shows the thing to be abundant, and that its
plant is perhapsthe ‘‘Spiderwort”’ 7vadescantia Virginica. I
failed to find the larvee, but the stems of the plant were, many
of them, eaten out by some large larvee. I could not find any
evidence that they had eaten the roots, as does Diabrotica on
other plants. Wherever I found the ‘‘Spiderwort,” there I
found the beetles. Ina large patch of the plant, as late as
July 22, 1905, I found them common, though very wild. I
netted forty-three; all were females, the males being entirely
gone at this date. The curiously modified male antenne sug-
gest that the species is a Neobrotica.

EPITRIX HUMERALIS N. Sp.

About the size and-proportions of Apfitrix fuscula Crotch,
but with coarser punctures on elytra. Ante-basal impression
well marked. Color rufous with a feebly defined piceous
cloud on disk of elytra. ‘The humeral umbones with a pale
spot, not sharply defined. Legs rufotestaceous. Length 2.5
mm. ‘Three specimens from Cincinnati, O., one from Indiana
and one from Kansas (Mr. Knaus).

CREPIDODERA ASCULI Nn. Sp.

Allied to Crepidodera rufipes, but averages more slender,
color of adult (including thorax) always dark piceous green,
shining. Legs pale as invufipes. Immature specimens paler,
but always showing the green reflections. Thorax more dis-
tinctly punctured than rufipes. Length3.5mm. Occurs

>)
»”

254 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

abundantly on the “ Buckeye,’ “sculus glabra, Crepidodera
rufipes occurs on the common locust Robinia pseudacacia.

PHYLLOTRETA LINDAHLI Nn. Sp.

Elongate oval, convex, black, shining. Thorax wider than
long, minutely alutaceus. Punctures fine, becoming coarser
towards base. Elytra, wider at base than thorax, with humeri
rounded. Disk coarsely punctured, with a faint strial arrange-
ment. Tibia, tarsiand aniennze (except the last four joints
of antennze, which are piceous) pale.

Male characters.

Last ventral segment rounded at tip with a deep rounded
depression, which extends forward in triangular shape through
the entire length of the penultimate segment. In bottom of
the depression is a groove extending its length. There are
two minute tubercles at bottom of depression near apex of
last segment.

- Female characters.

Last ventral segment with a shallow fovea near tip. Oblit--
erated in one specimen.

Four specimens 2.6 mm. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 30. This
species belongs in series ‘‘B.’’ Phyllotreta of Horn’s paper on
Halticini, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvi, and comes nearest
lewisit. Dedicated to that industrious: naturalist, Dr. Josua
Lindahl.

EUSTROPHUS BRUNNEIMARGINATUS N. Sp.

Oval, convex, moderately attenuate posteriorly. Body
above black, sparsely pubescent. Head rufous, coarsely
punctured. Hyes very narrowly separated. Thorax finely
punctured, and with a broad brown marginal band, extending
around the front from one hind angle tothe other. This band
is rather densely pubescent with fulvous hairs. Elytra striato-
punctate, with a similar brown band extending around margin
from one humerus to the other. Beneath, including legs,
rufous, rather fnely punctured. The punctures of mesoster-
num and ventral segments being ocarser than those of pro-

4

Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 255

notum. ‘The sculpture is rather coarser than in Lustrophus
bicolor. Prosternum is not prolonged behind coxze. Posterior
tibize have transverse ridges, as in &. dzcolor. As compared
with dzcolor this species is smaller, broader for its length, less
shining, much less attenuate behind, less distinctly striate,
with finer punctures in striz, and with the fulvous border,
Antenne as in bicolor. Two specimens, Kentucky, near
Cincinnati, Ohio, 4.8 mm. and 3.7 mm. long.

MORDELLISTENA DELICATULA Nl. Sp.

Elongate, very slender, piceous in color, with front of
head, mouth parts, front and middle legs and antennz pale
rufotestaceous. ‘The elytra thickly covered with rather coarse,
sage green pubescence. Tibia with two ridges, anterior one
extending across the outer face of the tibia. First tarsal joint
with three, second with two oblique ridges. Length 3.5 mm.
Seven specimens, Cincinnati, Ohio. The most slender species
I have seen. The bright shining sage green pubescence
fades out to silvery in old specimens. From the description
I had always thought this was sp/endens Smith. But after
seeing some of that species collected at Cameron, La., by Prof.
Hine, and, comparing with the types in national museum, I
see it is quite different.

ACROSCHISMUS
Acroschismus is a generic name proposed by Mr. W. D.
Pierce for some new species of the family Sty/opide, specimens
of which I have bred here from parasitized wasps. I have
taken three distinct species, for which Mr. Pierce proposes the
names in following list (Art. XI.). Descriptions will be given
in a monographic paper shortly to be issued by him.

CATASPASTUS CONSPERSUS Lec.
Occurred by hundreds on ‘‘ Prickly Ash’”’ (Xanthoxylum)
May 5.
CANISTES SCHUSTERI Csy.
I took two of this very rare species July 12, 1905. They
were standing high up on their clumsy legs in a patch of dark

5

256 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

colored fungus which was growing on the underside of a beech
log in thick woods. They were gnawing at the fungus.
IDIOSTETHUS SUBCALVUS Lec.
Occurs in great numbers in the flowers of ydrophyllum
appendiculatum. May. I have been unable to find its larve.
PSOMUS POLITUS Csy.

Occurs commonly on ash sprouts (/raxinus americana)
June 1 to 25,

Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 257

ARTICLE XI.—ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CINCINNATI

COLEOPTERA.

By CHARLES DurRY.

In Article V. of this volume* I have enumerated 2,031 spe-
cies of Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati. In the following
Supplementary List 209 species are given, making a total of
2,240 species. I have yet more than fifty unidentified species.
I think 2,500 or more species will eventually be found here.

CICINDELIDA.

Cicindela duodecimguttata De7.

CARABIDAR.
Cychrus nitidicollis Chev.
Scarites substriatus Ha/d.
Dyschirius globulosus Say.
Aspidoglossa subangulata Chd.
Bembidium guexi Chd.
postfasciatum Ham.
dentellum 7hunbd.
dilatatum Lec.
Tachys corruscus Lec.
Pterostichus purpuratus Lec.
Stolonis ulkei Horn.
Badister flavipes Lec.
Apristus subsuleatus De.
Chlzenius laticollis Say.
solitarius Say.
Gynandropus hylacis Say.
Selenophorus pedicularis De7.
Harpalus autumnalis Say.
Acupalpus'carus Lec.

SILPHID AS.
Aglyptus levis Lec.

HYDROPHILID A.
Cercyon navicularis Zzmm.

***A revised list of Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati, O.’’—This Journal.

Vol, 2ex> Now 3, Art.5V.

flavipes Fad.
analis Payk.

SCYDMANID&.
Eutheia americana Casey.

PSELAPHIDA.
Hamotus batrisioides Lec.
Decarthron abnorme Lec.
exsectum Arend.
Batrisus virginie Casey.
Euplectus congener Casey.

STAPHYLINIDA.
Falagria quadriceps Lec.
Xenodusa cava Lec.
Homceusa expausa Lec.
Oxypoda opacula Fauv.
Myllzena infuscata Avaazz.
Bolitochara picta Fauv.
Heterothops pusio Lec.
Philonthus asper Horn.
quadricollis Horn.
microphthalmus //orn.
sordidus Grav.
inquietus Zrich.
serpentinus Horn.
micans Grav.
Xautholinus gularis Lec.

~J

258 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Lathrobium pallidulum Lec.

Leptolinus rubripennis Lec.

Gastrolobium carolinum £7.

Hesperobium sellatum Lec.
cribratum Lec.

Scopeeopsis duryi Casey.

Stilicus opaculus Lec.

Sciocharella n. sp.

near delicatula
Sciocharis carolinenis Csy.

Leptogenius brevicornis Csy.

Sunius brevipennis Auwct.
prolixus £7.
discopunctatus Say.

Tachinus nitiduloides Horn.
repandus Hforn.
fimbriatus Grav.

Tachyporus nanus £7.
elegans Horn.

Conosoma knoxii Lec.
pubescens Payk.

Boletobius axilaris Grav.
queesitor Horn.

Mycetoporus lucidulus Lec.
lepidus £7.

Oxytelus exiguus £7.

Lispinus linearis £7.

Nototaphra lauta Casey.

Atheta (near sordida /M/e/sh.)

Anthobium convexum /auv.

Eleusis canadensis.

TRICHOPTERYGIDAS.

Ptinidium evanescens Marsh.

lineatum Lec.
Ptinellodes lecontei J/a/th.

SCAPHIDIID.
Beeocera apicalis Lec.
abdominalis Csy.

PHALACRIDAS.
Severalunidentified species

CORYLOPHIDA.
Sacium misellum Zéc.

Corylophodes marginicollis Lec.
Orthoperus micros Casey.

COCCINELLIDA. *
Hyperaspis punctatus MWe/sh.

ENDOMYCHIDA:.
Symbiotes pygmzus Gohr.
sp.
Anamorphus pusillus Z7mm.

EROTYLIDA®.
Languria uhleri Horn.
Acropteroxys lecontei C7.

COLYDIIDA.
Synchita laticollis Lec.

CRYPTOPHAGID.
Henoticus serratus Gy//.
Cryptophagus acutangulus Gy//.

n. sp.
Czenoscelis obscura Casey.

MYCETOPHAGID&.
Mycetophagus subdepressus Csy.

DERMESTID#.
Cryptorhopalum triste Lec.

NITIDULIDAS.
Brachypterus urtice Fad,
Cercus pennatus JZurr.
Carpophilus melanopterus Zr.
Epurea planulata £7.

LATHRIDIUD A.
Holoparamecus caularum Auéé,
Corticaria ferruginea J/arsh.

elongata Gy//.
Cartodere costulata Rez?.
Melanophthalma longipennis Lec.

DASCYLLIDA.
Eucinetus strigosus Lec.

ELATERIDA.
Microrrhagus imperfectus Lec.

8

Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region.

Adelothyreus dejeani Bonz.
Nematodes collaris Bonv.
Hylochares nigricornis Say.
Esthesopus claricollis Say.
Cryptohypnus choris Say.

melsheimeri Hor.

cucullatus Horn.
Hypuoides striatulus Horn.
Elater collaris Say.

pusio Germ.

insignis Lec.
Drasterius amabilis Lec.
Agriotes insanus Cazd.
Dolopius lateralis Esch.
Limonius plebejus Say.

nl. Sp.
Athous cucullatus Zsch.

Corymbites signaticollis MWe/sh.

THROSCID AS.
Alonothroscus calocerus on.

BUPRESTIDA.
Anthaxia flavimana Gory.
Agrilus n. sp.

MALACHIDA.
Pseudebeeus apicalis Say.
Attalus melanopterus 7,7.

CLERIDAS.
Hydnocera difficilis Lec.
Chariessa onusta Say.
Colyphus melanopterus Dury.

PTINIDAS.
Ptinus falli Pzc.
Oligomerus obtusus Lec.
Trichodesma klagesi Fad/.
Hadrobregmus pusillus Fa//.
Xyletinus harrisi Fa//.
Lasioderma semirufum Fad/,
Petalium seriatum Fa//.
Eupactus obsoletus /a//.
atorama nigritulum Lec.
vexatum Fad/,
gracile Fa//.

confusum /Fa//.
dichroum Fad/.
Dorcatoma dresdensis ///s/.
Protheca hispida Lec.
puberula Lec.
Eutylistis intermedius Lec.
incomptus Lec.
Czenocara bicolor Germ.
Ptilinus lobatus Csy.

BOSTRICHIDA.
Lichenophanes armiger Lec.
angustus Csy.
Dinoderus porcatus Lec.

SPHINDIDA:.
Eurysphindus hirtus Lec.

SCARABAIDAS.
Ateenius lecontei H/ar.
Hoplia trifasciata Say.
Lachnosterna marginalis Lec.
vehemens Horn.
balia Say.

CERAMBYCID4Z5.
Romaleum rufulum Fa/d.
Neoclytus capreea Say.
Cacoplia pullata Ha/d.

CHRYSOMELID&.
Crioceris asparagi Lizn.
Exema conspersa Mann.
Griburius larvatus Vewm.

259

Cryptocephalus leucomelas Sz/fr.

Metachromia pallida Say.
Neobrotica dorsata Say.
Galeruca pomone Scop.
Phzedromus paradoxus J/e/sh.
Crepidodera nitens Horn.
esculi Dury.
Glyptina cyanipennis Crotch.
Phyllotreta lindahli Dury.
Chzetocnema pulicaria C7.
Cassida nigripes Oliv.

TENEBRIONIDS.
Merinus levis Oliv.

9

260

Uloma mentalis Horz.
Lyphia ficicola u/s.

Arhenoplites viridipennis adr.

CISTELIDA.

Hymenorus discretus Csy.
Mycetochara rufipes Lec.

MELANDRYIDA.
Eustrophus confinis Lec.

brunneimarginatus Dury.

Hallomenus debilis Lec.

ANTHICID As.

Xylophilus bruneipennis Lec.

melsheimeri Lec.
Anthicus currax Champ.

STYLOPID.

Acroschismus bowditchi Perce.

duryi Pierce.
lugubris Prerce.

10

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

RHYNCHITIDA.
Rhynchites zratus Say.

CURCULIONID.
Exomias pellucidus Boh.
Apion segnipes Say.
nigrum /Zész.
pennusylvanicum Boh,
rostrum Say
Anthonomus gularis Lec.
elongatus Lec.
Piazorhinus pictus Lec.
Ceutorhynchus sericans Lec.
Cataspastus conspersus Lec.
Lymuobaris bracata Csy.
concurrens Csy.
Plesiobaris disjuncta Csy.

CALANDRID&.
Pentarthrinus piceus Csy.

SCOLYTID 4.
Scolytus fagi Walsh.

INDEX.

Acroschismus bowditchi, A. duryi,
A. lugubris, 255.

AIKEN, Prof. Walter H.: Check
List of the Plants of Hamilton
County, including species in
cultivation, 199-230.

Idem: List of Medicinal Plants in
the vicinity of Cincinnati, with
notes as to the parts used,

_ 231-234.

Amplexopora setosa Beds, 76.

Anametis, 198.

Anamorphus pusillus, 251.

A. O. U. Code of nomenclature, ex-

. tracts from, 235-237.
Aspidophora newberryi Beds, 69.

Atenius rugiceps MN. Sp., 154, fig.

Barite, Pisolitic, 245.

BASSLER, R. S., 62, 87, 100, 105.

Batostoma jamesi Beds, 72.

Bdellostoma dombeyi, Vascular
system of, 13-48, Pl. I-III.

Bellevue Beds, 82, 98.

Bibliography of the Flora of Cin-
cinnati, 200.

Bibliography of the Geology of
Cincinnati, 98,

Blood-vascular system of 4de//os-
toma, comparative anatomy of,
43-

Blue Limestone, report on by
Locke, 52.

Botanical Bibliography of Cincin-
nati region, 200,

‘Canistes schusteri, 255.

Cataspastus conspersus, 255.

Ceruchus piceus, 198.

Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds, 83.

a ie anticline (Newberry),
56.
Cincinnati Coleoptera, 107, 264. 457
sf flora, 199.
Geology of, 4g, 51.
~ Group, term proposed
by Meek & Worthen, 54.
Cincinnati Period, 64, 96.
Topography of, 49, I99.
ss Uplift (Orton), 56.

Cliff Limestone, report on by
Locke, 52.

Climate of Hamilton County, Ohio,
199.

Coleoptera of Cincinnati, Ecolog-
ical notes of, 251-256.

Coleoptera of Cincinnati,* Revised
List, 107-198 and 257-260.

Cols near Cincinnati, map of, 51.

Colyphus furcatus, 252.

Colyphus melanopterus, 1. sp.,
251.

Corryville Beds, 83, 98.

Crepidodera esculi, n. Sp., 253.

Crepidodera rufipes, 253.

Crioceris asparagi, 253.

Cumberland Sandstone, correlated
with the Richmond, 8g.

Dekayia aspera Beds, 78.

Dekayella ulrichi Beds, 73.

Dryotribus mimeticus, 198.

DuRyY, CHARLES: Revised List of
Coleoptera near Cincinnati, with
notes on localities, Bibliograph-
ical references and description
of five new species, 107-198.

Idem: Ecological notes on Cole-
optera incl. six new species,
251-256.

*For Coleoptera not enumerated in this Index, see the special Index, pp. 191-196
Additions and Corrections on pp. 197-198, and Supplementary List, pp. 257-260.

1

262

Idem: Additions to List of Cole-
optera, 257-260.

Eden shales, 58.

Electric lobes of Torpedo occi-
dentalis, 1-12. Pl. I.

Epitrix fuscula, 253.

Epitrix humeralts, n. Sp., 253.

Eustrophus bicolor, 255.

Eustrophus brunneimarginatus,
n. Sp., 254.

Fairmount Beds, 78, 98.

Flora of Cincinnati, 199-234.

FowKE, GERHARD, preglacial
drainage investigations, 5I.

Ganglion cells of white rat, 6.

Geology of Cincinnati, 49.

HALL, PROF. JAMES, earliest cor-
relation of Cincinnati rocks, 53.

Hamilton County, Ohio, Floraand
physical geography of, 199-234.

Hamiotus batrisioides, 251.

HATAI, DR. SHINKISHI: Observa-
tions on the efferent neurones
in the electric lobes of Zorpedo
occidentalis, 1-12, Pl. I.

HAYES, Dr. C. W., on age of piso-
litic barite, 250.

HEIDINGSFELD, Dr. M. L., photo-
micrographs, 250.

Hill Quarry Beds, 59.

Homoeusa expansa, 251.

Homotrypa bassleri Beds, 86.

Homotrypa bassleri Nick, n. Sp.,
description of, 103, figs.

Hudson River (Slate) group,
named by Dr. Mather, 53.

Hypophleus rugosus,M. Sp., 171,
fig.

Idiostethus (Zygobaris) subcal-
vus, 186, 256.

JacKsON, DR. C. M.: Vascular sys-
tem of Bdellostoma dombeyt,
13-48, Pl. I-III.

JAMES, PROF. JOSEPH: Geology of
Cincinnati, 50, 58.

Lachnosterna fusca, 252.

Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Lachnosterna vehemens, 252.
Lasioderma serricorne, 198.
Lasius claviger, 251.

Lebanon Beds, 60.

LINDAHL, DR. Josua: Orthogra-
phy ofthe Names of the Vazades,
235-243.

Localities of exposures of strata
in Cincinnati, 96 and map.

LOCKE, DR. JOHN: Report on Blue
and Cliff Limestones, 52.

Lorraine Group, 59, 64, 74, 97.

Losantiville, derivation of name,
49.

Lyphia ficicola, 198.

MARKLEY, Dr. A. J., photo-micro-
graphs, 250.

MATHER, DR. W. W., Hudson
River Group named by, 53.

MEEK and WORTHEN, proposed .
the term “Cincinnati Group,”
54-

MILLER, PROF. WALTER, on ques-
tions of nomenclature, 237-239.

Monticulipora molesta Beds, 82.

Mordellistena smithi, n. Sp., 177,
fig.

Mordellistena delicatula, n. sp.,

255-
Merdcligetene splendens, 255.
Mordellistena sexnotata, N. sp.,

176, fig.

Mt. Auburn Beds, 85, 98.

Mt. Hope Beds, 76, 97.

Mycetochara horui, n. sp., 172, fig.

Naiades, nomenclature of, 235.

Neobrotica dorsata, 253.

Neurones in 7orpedo, 1, 6.

NEWBERRY, DR. J. S., on the Cin-
cinnati anticline, 56.

NICKLES, JOHN M.: Description of
a new Bryozoan, Homotrypa
bassleri, 1. SP., 103, figs.

Idem: The Geology of Cincinnati,
49-102, map.

Index. 263

Nomenclature, Code of, 235.

Odontosphindus denticollis, 252.

ORTON, PROF. E., on the Cincin-
nati uplift, 56.

Phyllotreta lewisii, 254.

Phyllotreta lindahli,n.sp., 254.

Pisolitic barite, 245. ;

Platystrophia lynx Beds, 85.

Pleurophorus ventralis Horn, 154,
fig.

Point Pleasant Beds, 56, 60.

Preglacial drainage of south west-
ern Ohio, 51.

Psomus politus, 256.

Ptilinus ruficornis, 252.

Ptinidium lineatum, 251.

Rat, white, ganglion cells of, 6.

Richmond Group, 60, 64, 88.

River Quarry Beds, 56.

RUEDEMAN, RUDOLF, on the Hud-
son River group, 56.

Scopeopsis duryi, 251.

Stmpson’s (C. T.) Synopsis of the
Naiades, Errors of nomenclature
in, 235.

THRASHER, B. P., sent pisolitic
barite, 245.

Torpedo occidentalis, Nevrones in
electric lobes of, 1-12, Pl. I.

Trenton Period, 60, 96.

ULRICH, Dr. E. O., 55, 57, 62, 87,
8g, 100, I05, 245.

Utica group, 58, 64, 66, 96.

VANUXEM, LARDNER, correlation
of Ohio and New York rocks, 53.

Vascular system of Adellostoma,
13, figs.

VAUGHAN, Dr. T. W., acroporid
coral from Texas, 246.

WaLcoTt, CH. D., defining the
Hudson Terrane, 55.

WALDBOTT, DR. S., analysis of
pisolitic barite, 249, 250.

WALKER, BRYANT, quoted on a
question of nomenclature, 236.

Warren Beds, 86, 98.

WUESTNER, HERMAN:
Barite, 245-250.

(Zygobaris) Idiostethus subcalvus,
plas

Pisolitic

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MIKA Prishs ' ive

a2 ee

Vol. XX, No. J.

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

«Published October J, 1901....

CONTAINS:

Article IL—S. HATAI: Observations on the Efferent Neurones in the
Electric Lobes of Torpedo Occidentalis.

Article Il.—C. M. JACKSON: An Investigation of the Vascular System of

_Bdellostoma Dombeyi.

we

i

ih
ff

ex

Sr Ses
Vie

Vol. XX. No, 2.

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

... Published January 10, 1902 ...

CONTAINS:
Article IIL.—J. M. NICKLES: The Geology of Cincinnati.

Article IV.—J. M. NICKLES: Description of a New Bryozoan,
“Homotrypa Bassleri” n. sp., from the Warren Beds of the Lorraine
Group.

fo

Vol. XX. No. 3.

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

«+. Published November 25, 1902...

Art. V.—CuHaries Dury: A revised list of the Coleoptera
observed near Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes on
localities, Bibliographical references
and description of six
new species.

a

<2

SeWe KK SS . No: 4.

THE JOURNAL

‘OF THE

eee ak Society of Natural History

ooee -Published May 5; 1904. 2090

CONTAINS:
- Atticle VL— WALTER H. AIKEN: Check List of the Plants of Ham-

‘ ‘ilton County, Ohio, exclusive of the Lower Cryptogams. Also including many
_extralimital species in cultivation.
3 Article VIL— WALTER H. AIKEN: List of Medicinal Plants, wild,
or cultivated, growing in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes as to the
parts used for Medicinal purposes. -

4
Re

\ sok drene

y

x

Publishing Committee.

JosuA LiInDAHL, -adztor.
D. L. JAMEs, C.G. LLoyD,
Cu. Dury.

Publishing Committee.

Josua LINDAHL, Fditor.
D. L. JAMES, C. G. LLoyp,
CH. Dury.

niall
Vol. XX, No."2. @>

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

«. Published February J, 1906...

CONTAINS :

Article VIII.—JOSUA LINDAHL: Orthography of the Names of the
Naiades.

oh

Zs)

=
ag ee
6)
bs

Vol. XX. No. 6.

THE JOURNAL |

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

«ee Published March 5, 1906...

CONTAINS: :
Article IX.—HERMAN WUESTNER: Pisolitic Barite.

Vol. XX. ; 3 No, 7.

THE JOURNAL

OF THE

Cincinnati Society of Natural History

... Published March 8, 1906 ..:

CONTAINS : :

Article X.—ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON SOME COLEOPTERA
OF THE CINCINNATI REGION, INCLUDING SEVEN
NEW SPECIES.—By CHARLES DURY, CINCINNATI,

Art cle XI.— ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CINCINNATI
COLEOPTERA.— By CHARLES DURY, CINCINNATI.

’

Publishing Committee.

Josua LINDAHL, £dfor.
D. L. JAMES, C. G. LLoyp,

CH. Dury.

Publishing Committee.

Josua LINDAHL, Editor.
D. L. JAMEs, CG Trev,

Cu. Dury.

Publishing Committee.

Josua LINDAHL, Editor.
D. L. JAMEs, C.°-G=_LLoyvp,;

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