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JOURNAL 


OF    THE 


NEW   YORK 


ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY 


gjetrjdtjcxl  txr  ^ntoxtxoXoQVi  in  CSjewjeval 


Voltame   XV,    1907 


Edited  by  Harrison  G.  Dyar 


NEW   YORK 

Published  by  the  Society 

Quarterly 

1907 


Press  of 

TfF  New  Era  Printing  Company 

Lancaster    Pa, 


t^VN^  «  cTf' 


Leading  Articles  in  Volume  XV. 


Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;    Order  I,  Hymenoptera. 

Crawford,  J.  C, 

New  North  American  Hymenoptera      .          .  .  .177 

Notes  on  Some  Species  of  the  Genus  Halictus  .  -183 

Girault,  a.  a., 

Notes  on  Trichogramma  pretiosa  Riley.          .  .  -57 

Trichogramma  pretiosa   Riley.      Miscellaneous  habits  of 

the  adult,  with  a  list  of  hosts    .          .          .  .  .117 

Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;    Order  H,  Coleoptera. 

Fall,  H.  C, 

New  Genera  and  Species  of  North  American  Cerambycidse  80 
Knab,  F., 

Notes  on  Leptinotarsa  undecimlineata  Stal     .  .  .190 

Girault,  A.  A., 

Biological  Notes  on  Megilla  maculata  DeGeer         .  .      193 

Schaeffer,  C, 

New  Scarabaeidce  .......       60 

New  Rhynchophora,  H        .  .  .  .  .  -75 

Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;    Order  IV,  Diptera. 

Aldrich,  J.  M., 

Additions  to  my  Catalogue  of  North  American  Diptera  .  2 

Dyar,  H.  G.,  and  Knab,  F., 

Descriptions  of  Some  American  Mosquitoes   ...  9 

New  American  Mosquitoes  .  .  .  .  .  .100 

Descriptions  of  New  Mosquitoes  from  the  Panama  Canal 
Zone      .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .197 

Descriptions  of  Three  New  North  American  Mosquitoes  .      213 

Jones,  P.  R., 

A  Preliminary  List  of  Nebraska  Syrphidae  with  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Species         ......        87 


iv  Contents 

Knab,  F., 

An  Early  Account  of  the  Copulation  of  Stegomyia  calopus.       1 3 
A  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Sabethid  Mosquito    .  .120 

Deinocerites  Again      .  .  .  .  .  .  .121 

Mosquitoes  as  Flower  Visitors       .  .  .  .  .215 

WiLLISTON,   S.  W., 

Dipterological  Notes   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  i 

Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;    Order  V,  Lepidoptera. 

BuscK,  A., 

A   Review  of  the  Tortricid  Subfamily  Phaloniinae  with 

Descriptions  of  New  American  Species       .  .  .19 

New  Genera  and  Species  of  American  Microlepidoptera  .  134 
Descriptions  of  Three  New  Tortricidae  from  Mexico  .  235 
A  Note  on  Synonymy.  .  .  .  .  .  .236 

Cook,  H., 

A  Correction  of  Some  Recent  Synonymy  in  the  Genus 
Thecla  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .130 

Cook,  J.  H., 

In  Defense  of  Incisalia  henrici      .  .  .  .  .123 

Dyar,  H.  G., 

Description  of  the  Larva  of  Tortricidia  fiskeana  Dyar     .        18 
Descriptions  of  New  American  Lepidoptera  ...        50 
Botis  toralis  Grote       .  .  .  .  .  .  .104 

New  American  Moths  .  .  .  .  .  .105 

The  Life  Histories  of  the  New  York  Slug-Caterpillars, 

XIX       .........      219 

New  American  Lepidoptera  .  .  .  .  .226 

Field,  G.  H., 

Notes  on  the  Larvse  of  Datana  robusta  Strecker      .  .        54 

Forbes,  W.  T.  M., 

New  England  Caterpillars.     No.  i         .  .  .  .56 

Grinnell,  J.  and  F. ,  Jr., 

The  Butterflies  of  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  Cali- 
fornia    .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  -37 

JOUTEL,  L.  H., 

Philosamia  cynthia  and  Callosamia  promethia  Crosses     .      10 1 


Contents  v 

Luther,  C.  H., 

Description  of  a  Variety  of  Automeris  io  Fab.       .  .      131 

Pearsall,  R.  F., 

A   Genus   and  Species  of   Geometridse   New  to   North 

America  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .132 

Smith,  J.  B., 

Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids  in  the  British  Museum.      141 
SWETT,  L.  W., 

Geometrid  Notes         .  .  .  .  .  .  -53 

Some  Newfoundland  Geometridce,  with  Description  of  a 

New  Variety   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .128 

Taylor,  G.  W., 

Eucymatoge  rectilineata,  a  New  Geometrid  Moth  from 

Colorado         ........     234 

Verrh^l,  a.  H., 

Illustrations  of  the  Larvae  of  Five  Dominican  Sphingid^.        50 

Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;  Orders  VI,  Trichoptera  and 

XIV,  Corrodentia. 

Banks,  N., 

New  Trichoptera  and  Psocidce      .  .  .  .  .162 

Class  I,  Hexapoda  ;  Order  XI,  Orthoptera. 

Caudell,  a.  N., 

On  Some  Forficulidse  of   the  United  States  and  West 
Indies    .........      166 

A  New  Cyrtoxipha  from  the  United  States     .  .  -237 

General. 
Caudell,  A.  N., 

The  Specialist     .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .238 

Editorial    .          .         .         .  .          .  .  .  .111,  171 

Book  Notices      .......        113,  172,  239 

Notice  from  Newark  Society       ......      248 

Proceedings  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society 

115-  ^13>  249 


Vol.  XV. 


No.   I. 


JOURNAL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society. 


H)cpote&  to  ]EntomoloGS  in  (Bcncral, 


MARCH,  1907. 

Edited  by  Harrison  G,   Dyar» 

Publication  CoMnniiiee. 
Harrison  G.  Dyar.  Henry  Bird. 

E.  G.  LovK.  Charles  Schaeffeu. 


iVIAR14 


190F 


Publislned   Quarterly   by   ttie   Society. 
LANCASTER,  PA.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

1907. 

[Entered  April  21,  1904,  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  as  second-class  matter,  undisr  Act  of  Congress  of  July  16, 1894.] 


IHIN»'aiAnHNT.,UIKMTn,Pi 


COiYTEKTS. 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  DIPTERA. 

Dipterological  Notes.    By  W.  S.  Williston i 

Additions  to  my  Catalogue  of  North  American  Diptera.     By  J.  M.  Aldricii  .  2 

Descriptions  of  some  American  Mosquitoes.     By  H.  G.  Dyar  and  F.  Knms  .  9 

An  early  account  of  the  copulation  of  Stegomyia  calopus.     By  F.  Knah   .    .  13 

Class  Hexapoda,  Older  LEPIDOPTERA. 

Description  of  the  larva  of  Tortricidia  fiskeana  Dyar.     Bv  H.  G.  Uyar.  .    .  18 
A  review  of  the  Tortricid  subfamily  Phaloniinse,  with  descriptions  of  New 

American  species.     By  A.  BuscK 19 

The  Butterflies  of  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  California.     By  J.  and  F. 

Grinnell,  Jr 37 

Illustrations  of  the  larvae  of  five  Dominican  Sphingidae.     By  A.  H.  Verrill.  50 

Descriptions  of  New  American  Lepidoptera.     By  H.  G.  Dyar 50 

Geometrid  Notes.    By  L.  W.  Swett 53 

Notes  on  the  larvae  of  Datana  robusta^trecker.     By  G.  H.  Field 54 

New  England  Caterpillars,     No.  i.     By  W.  T.  M.  Forbes 56 


vJOURN  AL. 


OF  THE 


Published  quarterly  by  the  Society  at  41  North  Queen  St.,  Lancaster, 
Pa.,  and  New  York  City.  All  communications  relating  to  the  Journal 
should  be  sent  to  the  editor,  Dr.  Harrison  G,  Dyar,  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum, Washington,  D.  C.}  all  subscriptions  to  the  Treasurer,  Wm.  T.  Davis, 
46  Stuyvesant  Pl^ce,  New  Brighton,  Staten  Is.,  New  York,  and  all  books 
and  pamphlets  to  the  Librarian,  C.  Schaeffer,  Museum,  Eastern  Parkway, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Terms  for  subscription,  ;^2.oo  per  year,  strictly  in  ad- 
vance. Please  make  all  checks,  money'Orders,  or  drafts  payable  to 
NEW   YORK  ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Authors  of  each  contribution  to  the  Journal  shall  be  entitled  to  25 
separates  of  such  contribution  without  change  of  form.     If  a  larger  number 
be  desired  they  will  be  supplied  at  cost,  provided  notice  is  sent  to  the 
"»or  before  the  page  proof  has  been  corrected. 


JOURNAL 


Jlfb  ]9opfe  €lntoraoIogiraI  Horiptg. 


Vol.  XV.  MARCH,  1907.  No.  1 

Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  IV,  DIPTERA. 

DIPTEROLOGICAL   NOTES. 

By  S.   W.   Williston, 
Chicago,  III. 

In  the  revision  of  my  Manual  of  North  American  diptera,  shortly 
to  be  published,  a  number  of  changes  in,  or  additions  to,  the  nomen- 
clature of  American  flies  have  been  found  necessary,  some  of  the  more 
important  of  which  are  here  given. 

For  Ceratolophiis  Kieffer  (Chironomidce),  preoccupied,  the  name 
JoHANNSENiELLA  is  Substituted,  in  honor  of  Professor  Johannsen. 

For  Snowier,  sive  Sackeniella  Williston  (Blepharocerid^),  pre- 
occupied, the  name  Kelloggina  in  honor  of  Professor  Vernon  Kellogg, 
is  substituted. 

For  Bombylius  ater,  syndesvius,  albopenicillatiis,  dolorosiis,  and 
certain  other,  South  American,  species  (Bombyliidae),  some  of  which 
have  been  incorrectly  referred  to  Triptotricha  Rondani,  the  genus 
Parabombylius,  new,  is  proposed,  especially  characterized  by  the  open 
or  very  narrowly  closed  first  posterior  cell.  The  known  species  have 
a  silvery  spot  at  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  antennae. 

For  '  Neolaparus  '  pictitarsis  Bigot  (Asilidae)  the  genus  Chryso- 
CERiA,  new,  is  offered. 

For  Hyperechia  alrox  Williston,  the  genus  Dasylechia  is  proposed, 
differing  from  Hyperechia  Schiner  in  the  structure  of  the  antennae, 
face  and  proboscis. 

For  a  southern  species  of  Asilida^  of  small  size,  allied  to  Lepio- 
gaster,  but  differing  in  the  possession  of  but  four  posterior  cells,  in  the 

1 


2  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       |Voi.  xv. 

entire  absence  of  the  sixth  vein,  and  in  the  extraordinarily  attenuated 
basal  part  of  the  wing,  the  genus  Leptopteromyia  is  proposed. 

For  MelcDiostoina  scitnlum,  rugonasus,  melanocerum,  etc.  (Syr- 
phid?e)  the  genus  Rhysops  is  proposed.  It  is  especially  characterized 
by  the  elongate  antennae  and  the  presence  of  transverse  ridges  and 
grooves  on  the  face. 

Xanthandnis  Verrall  is  represented  in  Central  and  South  America 
by  Syrphus  (^Melanostoma)  bncephalus  Wied.  (Syrphidae). 

^\it  ^Q.wM.'s,  Leiicophenga  Mik  (Drosophilidas)  is  represented,  among 
other  species,  by  Drosophila  frontalis  Williston. 

Lytogaster  Becker  (Ephydridse)  is  recognized  in  two  new  species, 
one  from  Illinois,  the  other  from  Brazil. 

The  genus  Paramyia  (Agromyzidae),  hitherto  known  only  from 
Grenada,  has  a  species  in  Georgia. 

For  Heterochroa  ornata  Johnson  (Geomyzidae)  the  new  genus 
Spilochroa  is  proposed.      Heterochroa  Schiner  is  a  heteroneurid. 

It  may  interest  students  of  diptera  to  learn  that  the  new  edition 
of  the  Manual  will  contain  nearly  one  thousand  figures,  illustrating 
between  six  and  seven  hundred  of  the  North  American  genera. 

The  following  well-known  American  dipterologists  have  con- 
tributed the  discussion  and  tables  of  the  listed. families  :  Professor 
Adams,  the  Tachinidte  and  Dexiidas ;  Professor  Aldrich,  the  Dolicho- 
podidK  ;  Professor  Brues,  the  Phoridae  ;  Professor  Hine,  the  Taba- 
nidcC ;  Professor  Johannsen,  the  Chironomid^e ;  Professor  Kellogg, 
the  Blepharoceridae  \   Professor  Melander,  the  Empidid^e. 


ADDITIONS    TO    MY    CATALOGUE    OF    NORTH 
AMERICAN    DIPTERA. 

By  J.   M.   Aldrich, 
Moscow,  Idaho. 

Since  the  appearance  of  the  Catalogue,  in  May,  1905,  I  have  been 
looking  up  literature,  omissions,  etc.  Several  entomologists  kindly 
sent  lists  of  species  omitted,  Dr.  Johannsen  in  particular  including 
most  of  the  following  in  his  list. 

While  spending  the  college  year  1905-6  at  Stanford  University, 
I   was  enabled    to  examine  almost  all  the  literature  that   I   had  not 


March,  1907.]  AlDRICH  :      NORTH    AMERICAN    DiPTERA.  3 

before  seen,  the  libraries  of  the  California  Academy  of  Science  and  of 
the  University  of  California  being  especially  rich  in  entomological 
literature.     Unfortunately  the  former  has  now  been  entirely  destroyed. 

The  following  additions  are  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the 
Catalogue  up  to  January  i,  1904,  and  not  to  bring  it  down  to  a  later 
date. 

Bigot's  fragments  in  the  Bulletin  I  have  now  straightened  out,  but 
I  doubt  if  their  importance  would  justify  the  use  of  a  page  or  two  of 
space  to  elucidate  them. 

Most  of  the  omissions  are  clerical  mistakes,  due  to  insufficient 
checking  up  of  my  work  ;  only  a  few  papers  describing  hew  species 
escaped  me.  As  the  Catalogue  was  prepared  in  odd  moments,  even- 
ings, holiday  vacations,  Saturdays,  etc.,  through  a  period  of  seven 
years,  I  presume  I  need  not  apologize  for  my  inability  to  avoid  these 
errors,  although  I  keenly  regret  that  they  occur  in  the  finished  work. 

•     ADDITIONAL   GENERA    AND    SPECIES. 

CHIRONOMUS. 

halophilus   Packard,  Proc.  Essex  Inst.,  VI,  41  ;   Report  upon  the  Invert.  Animals 
of  Vineyard  Sound.  — Mass.  ;  larvae  in  seawater  ;   adult  not  described. 

PLESIASTINA. 
mexicana  Giglio-Tos,  Boll.    R.    Univ.   Torino,  VI,  no.  84.      [Ditomyia.)  —  Mex. 

MiK,  Wien.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XIII,  26,  gen.  ref. 
zonata  Giglio-Tos,  Boll.  R.  Univ.  Torino,  VI,  no.  84.      {Di/omyia.)  —  Mex. 

MiK,  Wien.  Ent.  Zeit.,  XIII,  26,  gen.  ref. 

EUDICRANA  (p.   140,  before  Sciophila). 
I,OEW,  Cent.,  IX,  23,  1869. 
obumbrata  Loew,.1oc.  cit.  — New  York. 

SCIARA. 
aequalis  Williston,  Trans.   Ent.   Soc.  Lohd.,  1896,  265,  in  table,  no  desc.  — St. 

Vincent,  W.  I. 
cingulata  Rubsaamen,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  XXXIX,  31,  pi.  I  and  III.  —  Ga. 
picea  Rubsaamen,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  XXXIX,  32,  pi.  I  and  III.  —  Ga. 

ODONTONYX  (p.  14S,  before  Rhynchosciara). 
Rubsaamen,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  XXXIX,  25,  1894. 
helveolus  Rubsaamen,  loc.  cit.,  27,  pi.  II  and  III.  —  Porto  Rico. 

RHYNCHOSCIARA   (p.  1 48,  before  6V^/ra). 
Rubsaamen,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  XXXIX,  29,  1894. 
villosa  Rubsaamen,  loc.  cit.,  29,  pi.  I-III. — Oaxaca,  Mex.,  and  S.  A. 


4  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

DIPLOSIS. 
pictipes  Wn.LiSTON,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  1896,  253.  —St.  Vincent,  W.  I. 

CECIDOMYIA. 
yaccinii  Osten  Sacken,  Monogr.  N.  A.  Dipt.,  I,  196,  gall  and  larva.  —  D.  C,  on 

Vaccinium. 
atriplicis    Townsend,   Amer.    Nat.   XXVII,    102I. — On  Atriplex  canescevs :  gall 

only. 

PLECIA. 

quadrivittata  Williston,  Biologia,  Dipt.,  I,  222. — Guerrero,  Mex. 

DILOPHUS. 

stygius  Say  {his^,  Ins.  of  Louisiana,  15  ;   Compl.  Works,  I,  309,  with  note  on  pre- 
occupation. —  La. 

STRATIOMYIA. 

nigriventris    Loew,  Cent.,  VI,    15,   from  Nebraska,   is  made  a  synonym  ot    Str. 
meigenii  by  Johnson. 

EUPARYPHUS. 

major  Hike,  Ohio  Nat.,  I,  112.  —  Boulder,  Col. 

AKRONIA  (p.  189,  before  Netnotehis). 
HiNE,  Ohio  Nat.,  I,  113,  1901. 
frontosa  Hine,  loc.  cit.,  fig.  — Akron,  Ohio. 

SYMPHOROMYIA. 
limata  Coquillett,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  II,  54. — S.  Cal. 

DISCHISTUS. 
fuscipes  Bigot,  Annales,  1892,  369. — N.  A.     Coquillett  has  made  this  a  synonym 
oi  Sparnopolius  fulvtts  (Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  XXI,  90). 

SPOGOSTYLUM. 
succinctum  Coquillett,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  XXI,  96  [Argyramaba). — Ariz. 

EXOPROSOPA. 
trabalis  Loew,  Cent.,  VIII,  20.  — Mex. 

ANTHRAX, 
jaennickeana  Osten  Sacken,  Biologia,  Dipt.,    i,  97,  pi.    II,   f.  4  ( hopenilies). 

—  N.  Sonora,  Mex. 
sodom  Williston,  Dipt,  of  Death  Valley,  254  {Stmiyx). — Death  Valley,  Cal. 

SYSTOECHUS. 
solitas  Walker,  List,  II,  288  {Botnbylms).  —  Fla. 

Osten  Sacken,  West.  Dipt.,  253,  notes  ;  O.  S.  Cat.  also  mentions  Ga. 

HENICOMYIA  (p.  246,  before  Psilocephala). 
Coquillett,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  VI,  187,  1898. 
hubbardii  Coquillett,  loc  cit. — Ft.  Grant,  Ariz. 


March,  1907.]  AlDRICH  :      NORTH    AMERICAN    DiPTERA.  5 

THEREVA. 

novella  Coquili.ett,  Canad.  Ent.,  XXV,  200. —  Los  Angeles  Co.,  Cal. 

ATOMOSIA. 
pusilla  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.,  i,  2,  76.  —  N.  A. 

DASYLLIS. 
albicoUis  Bigot,  Annales,  1878,  229. —  Me.\ico. 

ERAX. 
dubius  WiLLiSTON,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  64,  mentioned  in  the  table  ;  the 
"  Erax  n.  sp."  described  on  p.  68  of  the  article  is  the  same,  according  to  Snow, 
Kans.  Univ.  Quart.,  IV,  184,  1896. 

PSILOPODINUS. 
carolinensis  Bigot,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1888,  xxix  [Psilopus). — Carolina. 
occidentalis  Bigot,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1888,  xxix  [Fsilopus). —  Cal. 
pampaecilus  Bigot,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1888,  xxix  {Psilopus). —  Hayti. 
astequinus  Bigot,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1888,  xxx  {Fsiloptis). —  Mex. 

AGONOSOMA. 

pallescens    Bigot,    Bull.     Soc.    Ent.    France,    1888,    xxix      {PstVopus).  —  North 

Carolina. 
polychroma  Bigot,  Annales,  1890,  289  [Psiiopus). —  Hayti. 

RHAMPHOMYIA. 
morrisoni   Bigot,  Bull.   Soc.  Ent.    France,   1887,   cxli ;  Annales,   1889,  132  (both 
morissoni ) . — ■  Nevada. 

NAUSIGASTER. 

unimaculata  Townsend,  Annals   and   Mag.   Nat.  Hist.,  XX,  24. —  Cal. 

MELANOSTOMA. 
bellum  GiGLio-Tos,  Bull.  R.  Univ.  Torino,  VH,  no.  132;  Ditt.   del  Mess.,  H,  pi. 
II,  f.  7,  7a. —  Mex. 

SPH^ROPHORIA. 

syrphica   Giglio-Tos,   Bull.  R.  Univ.  Torino,  VII,  no.  132;  Ditt.  del  Mess.,  II, 
pi.  II,  f.  5,  5«. —  Orizaba,  Mex. 

VOLUCELLA. 
trigona  Gigi.IO-Tos,    Bull.    R.  Univ.  Torino,  VII,  no.  123  ;   Ditt.  del  Mess.,  I,  52. 
—  Orizaba,  Mex. 

CRIORHINA. 

nigra  Williston,  Synops.  N.  A.  Syrph.,  214  {Cynorkma). —  White  Mts. ,  N.  H. 

CONOPS. 
quadrimaculatus  Ashmead,  Orange  Insects,  69,  f.  63. —  Fla. 

SARCOPHAGA. 
?  despecta  Thomson,  Eugenics  Resa,  540.  —  Puna  ;  a  doubtful  variety  from  Panama. 


6  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

PHORBIA. 
cepetorum  Meade,  Ent.   Mo.  Mag.,   XIX,  218. — England  and  New   York,   the 
larvre  affecting  onions  in  both  places. 

SCIOMYZA. 
albovaria  Coquillett,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  1901,  616. —  N.  Y.,  N.  H.,  N.  C. 
SEPSISOMA  (p.  599,  before  Stenoiuacra'). 
Johnson,  Ent.  News,  XI,  327,  1900. 
flavescens  Johnson,  loc.  cit.,  fig. —  Westville,  N.  J. 

EUTRETA 
nora  Doane,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  VII,  184,  pi.  Ill,  f.  9. —  Idaho. 

TEPHRITIS. 
baccharis  Coquillett,  Canad.  Ent.,  XXVI,  73.  — S.  Cal.  ;  larva  makes  a  gall  on 
Baccharis  vitnhiea. 

CANACE   (after  Cienia,  p.  631). 
Haliday,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ill,  411,  1833. 
snodgrassi  Coquillett,  Proc.  W^ash.  Acad.  Sci.,  Ill,  378,  1901. — Galapagos  Ids. 
Johnson,  EnL  News,  XIV,  100,  oc.  in  New  Jersey. 

SEPSIS, 
cynipsea  Linne,  Fauna  Suecica,  p.  459  [Musca).  —  Europe. 
SCHINER,  Fauna  Austr.,  II.,  179. 

Cockerell,  Proc.   Davenport   Acad.   Nat.    Sci.,    VII,    155,  oc.   in    New 
Mexico,  at  Santa  Fe  and  Mesilla  (det.  Coq.). 

BRACHYPTEROMIA. 
fimbriata   Waterhouse,  Proc.  Zool,  1887,  163  {Anapera). — Ft.  Wingate,  N.  M., 
on  Cypsehis  fuelanoleucus. 

WiLLiSTON,  VII,  185  {fetnorata).  — Wyoming,  on  same  bird.      [Speiser.] 

MEGISTOPODA. 
desiderata  Speiser,  Archiv.  f.  Naturgeschichte,  1900,  57,  pi.  Ill,  f.  6. — Cuba  and 
Brazil,  on  Phyllostoma  sp.      This  is  acknowledged  by  Speiser  to  be  a  synonym 
of  Pterellepsis  aranea  Coq. 

ORNITHOPERTHA. 
geniculata  Bigot,  Humming  Bird,  11,  49,  1892. — On  Phasomacrus  costaricensis. 
Speiser,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hungar.,  II,  393.     Speiser  in  lift,  gives  the  occur- 
rence as  Honduras,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 

ADDITIONAL   LITERATURE. 

Bigot,  J.  M.  F.  Notes  without  title  in  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1888,  XXIX  and 
XXX.  Contains  descriptions  of  Psilopus  pallescens,  carolinensis,  occidetitalis, 
panipacihis,  and  astequinus^  new. 

Bigot,  J.  M.  F.  In  The  Hummingbird,  vol.  II,  49,  is  OrnitJiopertha  geniculata, 
from  Central  America. 


March,  1907.]  AlDRICH  J     NORTH    AMERICAN    DiPTERA.  7 

Hine,  J.  S.  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Stratiomyidse,  with  Notes  on  others. 
Ohio  Naturalist,  I,  I12-114,  fig.  11  ;  May,  igoi.  Contains  Akronia  frontosa 
(n.  gen.  and  sp. ),  Eupai-yphus  major,  n.  sp.,  and  a  few  notes. 
Riibsaamen,  Ew.  H.  Die  Aussereuropaiscben  Trauermiicken  des  Koniglichen 
Museums  fiir  Naturkunde  zu  Berlin.  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  XXXIX,  1894,  17- 
42,  3  pl- 

Contains    Odontonyx  and   Rhynchosciara,    new   gen.  ;    Odontonyx  helveolus, 
Rhynchosciara  villosa,  Sciara  cingtilata,  picea  and  striata  ;  Sciara  nigra  Wied. 
redescribed  and  referred  to  Odontonyx. 
Meade,  R.  H.     Annotated  List  of  British  Anthomyidss,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  XIX,  218, 
describes  Phorbia  cepetormn,  an  onion  fly  common  to  England  and  New  York. 
Speiser,  P.      Archiv  fiir  Naturgeschichte,  1900,  57,  description  of  Megistopoda  desid- 
erata, a  synonyni  of  Pterellepsis  aranea. 
Waterhouse,  C.  0.     Note  on  a  New  Parasitic  Dipterous  Insect  of  the  Family  Hip- 
poboscidse.      Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1887,    163,  164,  fig.   Anapera  fivibriata, 
new,  of  which  Williston's  Brachypteroniyia  femorata  is  a  synonym. 
Ricardo,  Miss  Gertrude.     A  series  of  articles  on  the  Tabanidse  of  the  British  Museum , 
etc.,  in  annals  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  7.     Vol.  V,  97—121  ;  Jan.,  1900.     V, 
167-182;    Feb.,    1900.     VIII,    286-315;    Oct.,    1901.     IX,  366-381;   May, 
1902.     IX,  424-438  ;  June,  1902. 

These  articles  include   many  notes   on   the  types  of  Walker   and   Bigot.      The 
nomenclature  is  changed  in  the  following  cases  : 

Chrysops  cestuans  becomes  a  synonym  of  vicerens  ; 
Chrysops  atropos  becomes  a  synonym  of  divistis  ; 
Chrysops  fugax  becomes  a  synonym  o{  carbonariiis  ; 
Chrysops  nigriventris  becomes  a  synonym  oi pertinax  ; 
Chrysops  furcatus  is  a  valid  species,  not  striatus. 

Typographical  Errors,  etc. 

Page  9,  midway,  after  Holorusia  rubiginosa,  add  p.  139. 

Page  9,  lower,  read  Beutenmiiller. 

Page  10,  lines  6,  8,  and  14  from  bottom,  the  year  should  be   1884,  1883,  and  1881, 

respectively  ;  in  the  third  line  from  bottom,  241  should  be  247. 
Page  14,  line  13,  read  Bergenstamm. 

Page  15,  third  line,  read  XANIONOTUM,  and  the  same  on  p.  340. 
Page  16,  line  il,  for  224  read  324. 
Page  24,  third  line,  read  Physocephala. 

Page  90,  1 2th  line  from  bottom  should  begin  with  the  specific  name  superlineata. 
Page  105,  under  Dixa  centralis,  add  —  Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  V,  136,  larva 

partly  described. 
Page   no,  under  Ceratopogon  varicolor,  add  Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.   Soc.   Wash.,  V,  58, 

figs.  pupa. 
Page  III,  under  Chironomits  anoiiytnns,  add  Dyar.  Proc.   Ent.   Soc.  Wash.,  V,  57> 

desc.  and  figs,  larva  and  pupa. 
Page  113,  under  Chironomus  viodestus,  add  Dyar,   Proc.   Ent.   Soc.   Wash.,  V,  57, 

desc.  and  figs,  larva  and  pupa. 


8  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv 

Page  Il8,  under   Tanypus  dyari,  add  Dyar,   Proc.   Ent.   Soc.  Wash.,  V,  56,  notes; 

figs,  larva  and  pupa. 
Page  124,  read  TOXORHYNCHITES. 
Page  149,  omit  Scaria  alternata. 

Page  150,  the  name  of  Sciara  glacialis  Lundbeck  was  changed  io  pertnutata  by  Lund- 
beck,  Dipt.  Groenl.  II,  313. 
Page  156,  the  articles  on  AsphonJylia  atrip/ids  by  Townsend  and  Cockerell  were  in 

the  American  Naturalist,  not  Annals,  etc. 
Page  160,  3d  line  from  bottom,  read  tergaia  for  togata. 
Page  166,  Btbio  fttliginosus  should  ht  foiligineus. 
Page  197,  for  Chrysops  nigribiinbo  read  nigrilbiibo. 
Page  217,  second  line  from  bottom,  read  plagens  ior  plangens. 
Page  220,  under  Acrocera  fasciaia,  add  PEmerton,   Psyche,  V,  404,  figs,   larva  and 

adult;  rea^rtdhova  Amaurobis  sylvestris.      Doubtfully  ident. —  Waltham,   Mass, 
Page  275.   Dr.  M.  Bezzi  referred  me  to  Dipterenfauna  Siidafrikas,  p.  142  (214),  line 

13,  for  the  name  Anarvioslus,  which  I  find  to  be  correct. 
Page  315,  read  LITANOMYIA. 

Page  316,  read  BOREODROMIA  instead  of  BOREOMYIA. 
Page  333,  resid.  pulckripes  instead  ai pulchriceps. 
Page  421,  line  13,  setigena  should  read  setigera. 
Page  463,  Frotitina  chrysopygata  was  first  described  as  chrysopyga,  in  Bull.  Soc.  Ent. 

France,  1887,  cxli. 
Page  466,  Masicera  polita,  the  locality  should  be  White  Mts,,  New  Mexico. 
Page  473>  Blepharapeza  trichopiis  should  be  trichopsis. 

Page  480,  Gcediopsis  cockerelli,  the  locality  should  be  White  Mts.,  New  Mexico. 
Page  509,  Homodexia  JIavipes,  strike  out  the  reference  to  the  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  France. 
Page  510,  under   Sarcophaga,  before    the  note,  add  Wheeler,    Psyche,  V,  403,  an 

undet.  sp.  bred  from  pocket-like  cavity  in  neck  of  turtle  [Cistudo  Carolina). 
Page  526,  Morellia  callimera  was  first  described  as  Curtoneura  callidit7iera,  in  Bull. 

Soc.  Ent.  France,  1887,  clxxxi. 
Page  528,  under  Musca  domestica,  add  Macloskie,  Amer.  Nat.   XIV,  153-161,  figs., 

anat.  of  proboscis. 
Page  578,  Scioniyza  viltata  should  be  replaced  by  the  following  : 

ANTICH^TA. 

Haliday,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist.,  II,  187,  1838. 

Handel,  Rev.  Sciomyz.,  78,  1902. 
analis  Meigen,  Syst.  Beschr.,  VI,  15  [Sciomyza). —  Europe. 

Haliday,  Ent.  Mag.,  I,  168  [Tetanocera  viUata). 

Rondani,   Atti   Soc.   Ital.    Sc.   Nat.,    1868,   329   [Sciomysa  vittata   Hal.); 
Ann.  dell  Soc.  Nat.  Modena,  1877,  47  {id.). 

Osten  Sacken,  Cat.  177,  oc.  in  N.  A.,  on  authority  of  "  Loew  in  litt.'' 

Hendel,  Revis.  Sciomyz.,  79. 
Page  593,  Ortalis  platycnema  should  be  platystoma. 
Page  598,  Steneretma  latiuscula  should  be  laticnuda, 

618,  midway,  Madiza  aiinulicornie  should  be  anniilitarsis. 


March,  1907.]  DyAR  AND  KnAB  ;    AMERICAN  MOSQUITOES.  9 

Page  619,  Nemopoda  cubensis  Bigot,  Annales,  1886,  390. 
Page  620,  Nemopoda  cceruleiforniis  should  read  carttleifrons. 

Page  652,  under  Leucopis  nigricornis,  add  Needhani,  Psyche,    1903,  27,  larvae  feed 
on  Aphis  cephalanthi .  —  Lake  Forest,  111. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SOME  AMERICAN 
MOSQUITOES. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar  and  Frederick  Knae, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Aedes  angustivittatus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  brown  ;  palpi  entirely  dark  ;  head  with  a  narrow  pale  margin  behind 
the  eyes  and  the  vertex  broadly  pale  scaled  ;  thorax  brown  with  two  narrow  longi- 
tudinal golden  yellow  stripes  extending  the  entire  length,  connected  at  the  tront 
margin  by  a  narrow  transverse  stripe  of  the  same  color.  In  front  of  the  base  of  the 
wing  are  many  pale  golden  hairs.  Pleura  pale  scaled.  Abdomen  black  above,  with 
light  lateral  patches  at  the  front  angles  of  the  segments,  beneath  creamy  white, 
segments  with  a  narrow  black  margin  behind.  Legs  dark,  unhanded,  the  femora 
pale  beneath  and  at  base.      All  tarsal  claws  toothed  in  the  female. 

25  specimens,  Port  Lirnon,  Costa  Rica  ;  Zent,  20  miles  from  Port 
Limon  ;  Rio  Aranjuez,  near  Puntarenas,  Costa  Rica  (F.  Knab);  Blue- 
fields,  Nicaragua  (W.  F.  Thornton). 

Type.  — Cat.  no.  10 140,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Nearly  allied  to  Aedes  trivittatus  Coquillett,  but  the  golden 
thoracic  lines  are  narrower. 

Aedes  obturbator,  new  species. 

Proboscis  brown  ;  palpi  dark ;  head  behind  the  eyes  pale  yellowish  ;  at  the  sides 
a  dark  spot ;  thorax  bronzy  yellow,  a  median  dark  brown  stripe  running  the  whole 
length,  the  lateral  margin  brown  with  irregular  outline;  the  scutellum  is  silvery; 
pleura  pale  scaled.  Abdomen  black  above,  with  white  basal  bands  ;  beneath  en- 
tirely pale.  Legs  dark,  unhanded,  the  femora  pale  beneath.  All  tarsal  claws 
toothed  in  the  female. 

22  specimens,  Tarpon  Bay,  Bahama  Islands  (T.  H.  Coffin). 
Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10141,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Allied  to  Aedes  auratus  Grabham,  but  the  thorax  has  a  brown 
median  band. 

Aedes  balteatus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  black  ;  palpi  black  ;  head  behind  the  eyes  pale  bronzy,  a  large  dark 
spot  on  each  side  ;  thorax  bronzy  yellow  on  the  disk,  a  rounded  deep  brown  patch  on 


10  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

the  front  of  the  lateral  margin,  scutellum  silvery.  Abdomen  black  above,  with  nar- 
row basal  pale  bands  ;  beneath  pale,  the  hind  angles  of  the  segments  black.  Legs 
,black,  unhanded,  femora  pale  beneath.  Tarsal  claw  formula  of  the  female,  i.i- 
l.i-o.o. 

6  specimens,  Santo  Domingo,  West  Indies  (A.  Busck). 
Type.  — Cat.  no.  10152,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Closely  resembling  Acdes  aunxtits  Grabham,  but  the  claws  of  the 
hind  tarsi  are  simple. 

Agdes  tborntoni,  new  species. 

Proboscis  and  palpi  black  ;  head  behind  the  eyes  dark  with  a  purplish  luster,  the 
margin  of  the  eyes  silvery,  broadened  at  the  sides;  thorax  violaceous  black,  the 
anterior  portion  silvery  while  for  nearly  half  with  a  dark  indentation  at  the  middle  ; 
two  small  silvery  spots  near  the  hind  margin.  Abdomen  above  and  beneath  violace- 
ous black,  each  segment  with  narrow  silvery  transverse  bands  below.  Pleura 
silvery  scaled.  Fore  legs  deep  black,  first  and  second  tarsal  joints  narrowly  white  at 
base  ;  middle  legs  black,  the  femora  marked  with  silver  on  the  under  side  for  about 
two-thirds  the  length,  not  attaining  the  base,  apex  silvery,  base  and  tip  of  the  first 
tarsal  joint  and  base  of  the  second  broadly  white  ;  hind  femora  white,  a  black  ring 
close  to  the  base  and  another  towards  the  apex,  tibiae  black,  first  tarsal  joint  white- 
ringed  at  base  and  apex,  second  joint  white-ringed  at  base.  Tarsal  claw  formula  of 
the  female  I.  l-i.l-o.o. 

7  specimens,  Bluefields,  Nicaragua  (W.  F.  Thornton). 

Nearly  allied  to  A'edes  iusoUta  Coquillett  and  Acdes  podographicus 
Dyar  &  Knab,  but  differing  from  both  in  the  details  of  the  markings. 
Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10143,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Aedes  septemstriatus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  and  palpi  black  ;  head  bronzy  yellow  behind  the  eyes,  two  blue-black 
spots  upon  the  vertex  separated  by  a  golden  line ;  thorax  deep  brown  with  seven  nar- 
row golden  lines  and  the  front  margin  golden  ;  a  median  dorsal  line,  narrow  in  front, 
broadened  towards  the  scutellum,  a  narrow  line  on  each  side  of  it  which  stops  at  the 
basal  fourth  of  the  thorax,  outside  of  these  are  two  slightly  oblique  lines  which  ex- 
tend from  the  base  to  the  middle  of  the  thorax,  lateral  marginal  stripe  extends  down 
the  sides  in  the  form  of  large  golden  patches  ;  pleura  silvery.  Abdomen  blue-black 
with  median  white  basal  spots  on  some  of  the  segments,  the  three  last  segments 
spotted  with  silver  at  the  sides ;  under  surface  black  with  white  bands.  Legs  :  first 
pair  black,  the  base  of  the  first  tarsal  joint  silvery  ;  middle  legs  black,  knees  silvery, 
hind  legs  black,  femora  tipped  with  silver,  the  base  of  the  first  tarsal  joint  silvery. 
Tarsal  claws  of  the  female  simple. 

3  specimens,  Bluefields,  Nicaragua  (W.  F.  Thornton). 
Type.  — Cat.  no.  10 144,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Differs  from  any  described  Aides  with  simple  claws  known  to  us 
in  the  median  dorsal  thoracic  line. 


March,  1907.]  DyAR  AND  KnAB  :     AMERICAN  MoSQUITOES.  11 

Aedes  quadrivittatus  Coquillett. 

Ciilex  quadrivittatus  Coquillett,  Can.  ent.,  xxxiv,  293,  I  902. 

An  examination  of  the  types  of  this  species  shows  it  to  be  refer- 
able to  Aedes,  the  tarsal  claws  of  the  fernale  simple.  Mr.  Coquillett 
described  it  originally  in  comparison  with  Aedes  afropalpiis  Coq., 
with  which  it  has  no  affinity,  thus  producing  a  misleading  impression. 

Aedes  fletcheri  Coquillett. 

Ciildx  flavt'scens  Theobald  (not  Fabricius,  not  de  Villers),  Men.  Culic,  i.  410, 
I901. 

Ciilex  fletcheri  Co(\m\\c\.\.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxv,  84,  1902. 
Cu/ex  arcaiius  Blanchard,  Les  Moust.,  303,  1904. 

Theobald's  description  of  Ciilex  flavescens  from  old  specimens  in 
the  Hopeian  Museum  at  Oxford  appears  to  agree  with  our  y?^/r//if;7  from 
the  Canadian  prairies.  We  think  it  may  be  safely  identified  with  this 
species. 

A6des  plutocraticus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  and  palpi  black ;  head  clothed  with  creamy  scales  behind  the  eyes ; 
thorax  coppery  bronze,  a  distinct  dark  brown  spot  occupying  the  anterior  half  later- 
ally joined  behind  to  the  lateral  brown  area  ;  medianly  there  are  two  rather  ill-defined 
brownish  stripes;  abdomen  black  above,  with  narrow  basal  white  bands,  beneath 
white,  the  hind  angles  with  black  triangular  spots.  Wings  dark  brown,  scaled. 
Legs  black,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  bronzy  beneath  ;  femora  white  on  the  under  side. 
Claws  of  the  female  toothed. 

63  specimens,  Nassau,  Andros,  San  Salvador,  Tarpon  Bay  and 
Powell  Point,  Bahamas  (T.  H.  Coffin). 

Type.—<Z2X.  no.  10251,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Aedes  condolescens,  new  species. 

Proboscis  black  ;  head  behind  the  eyes  covered  with  silvery  scales  ;  thorax  brown, 
a  large  silver  patch  on  the  disk  anteriorly,  reaching  about  three-fourths  the  length  of 
the  thorax,  with  a  broad  margin  on  each  side  of  the  brown  scales  ;  scutellum  brown 
scaled ;  abdomen  black  above  with  basal  white  bands  on  the  segments  ;  beneath  white 
with  black  spots  at  the  hind  angles  ;  legs  dark,  the  femora  white  basally,  the  white 
extending  nearly  to  the  apex  on  the  under  side.  Wings  dark  brown  scaled.  Claws 
of  the  female  toothed. 

24  specimens,  Nassau,  Bahamas,  June  24,  1903  (T.  H.  Coffin)  ; 
Andros,  San  Salvador,  Powell  Point  and  Long  Island,  Bahamas  (T. 
H.  Coffin): 

Type. — Cat.  no.  10248,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Aedes  indolescens,  new  species. 

Proboscis  bronzy  brown  ;   head  behind  the  eyes  dull  brown  scaled,  the  margins  " 
of  the  eyes  and   a  median  line  silver  scaled  ;  thorax   bronzy  brown,  a  broad  silver 


12  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

patch  on  the  disk,  broadest  at  the  middle  and  covering  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the 
thorax ;  abdomen  black  above,  a  pale  bronzy  longitudinal  median  line ;  beneath 
white,  with  triangular  black  spots  at  the  angles  of  the  segments.  Legs  dark,  the 
hind  femora  mostly  white,  with  a  black  apical  ring ;  hind  tibiae  with  a  pale  longi- 
tudinal stripe  on  the  under  side,  stopping  short  of  the  apex.  Wing  veins  brown 
scaled.     Claws  of  the  female  toothed. 

30  specimens  Cayamas,   Cuba  (E.  A.  Schwarz)  ;   Havana,    Cuba 
(J.  W.  Taylor)  ;   Santo  Domingo,  West  Indies  (A.  Busck). 
Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10249,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

ASdes  hortator,  new  species. 

Proboscis  and  palpi  black ;  thorax  yellowish,  the  vestiture  consisting  of  golden 
yellow  and  bronzy  brown  scales  intermixed,  the  yellow  predominating;  abdomen 
violet  black,  the  fifth  and  sixth  segments  with  white  basal  lateral  patches  ,  beneath 
white;  legs  dark,  hind  femora  white  with  black  apices.  Wing  veins  brown  scaled. 
Claws  of  the  female  toothed. 

2  specimens,  Trinidad,  B.  W.  I.  (F.  W.  Urich). 
Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10250,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Genus  MEGARHINUS  Robineau-Desvoidy. 
Megarhinus  superbus  Dyar  &  Knab. 

JMegarrhina  hionorrhoidalis  Osten  Sacken  (not  Fabricius),  Cat.  Dipt.  N.  A.,  Smiths. 

Misc.  Colls.,  18,  1878. 
Megarhiuus  siiperbtis  Dyar  &  Knab,  Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Coll.  (Quart.  Iss.), 

xlviii,  255,  1906. 

Mr.  S.  Henshaw  has  kindly  sent  us  for  examination  the  three 
specimens  from  the  I.oew  collection  on  which  Osten  Sacken  based  his 
Cuban  record  of  hcemorrhoidalis  Fab.     They  prove  to  be  our  species. 

Since  we  characterized  this  species,  two  additional  specimens  of 
the  female  have  come  to  hand,  through  the  kindness  of  F.  W.  Urich. 
These  show  the  red  lateral  tufts  on  the  seventh  segment,  though  less 
pronounced  than  in  the  male.  The  red  cilia  occupy  only  the  pos- 
terior two  thirds  of  the  margin,  while  on  the  eighth  segment  they 
appear  to  be  absent  altogether.  Mr.  Urich  writes:  "These  Megar- 
hini  are  so  wild  when  they  emerge,  that  they  damage  themselves  a 
great  deal  if  not  killed  soon."  We  have  also  received  two  males  of 
this  species  from  Bluefields,  Nicaragua,  through  Dr.  W.  F.  Thornton. 

Megarhinus  septentrionalis  Dyar  &  Knab. 

Megarhinus  septentrionalis  Dyar  &  Knab,    Smithsonian  Misc.  Coll.   (Quart.    Iss.), 

xlviii,  249,  1906  (Sept.). 
Megarhinus  herrickii  Theobald,  The  Entomologist,  xxxix,  241,  1906  (Nov.). 

Mr.  Theobald  obviously  redescribes  our  species,  having  indepen- 
dently recognized  that  the  continental  North  American  form  is  not 
conspecific  with  the  one  from  Porto  Rico. 


March,  1907.]       KnAB  :     COPULATION  OF  StEGOMYIA  CaLOPUS.  13 

Genus  ANOPHELES  Meigen. 
Anopheles  quadrimaculatus  Say. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  A.  Handlirsch  of  the  Vienna  Museum, 
Dr.  C.  von  Kertesz  of  the  Hungarian  National  Museum,  Prof.  R. 
Blanchard  of  the  Faculty  of  Medecine  of  Paris  and  Mr.  F.  V. 
Theobald,  we  have  become  possessed  of  a  number  of  specimens  of 
the  European  Anopheles  inaciilipennis  Meig.  These  abundantly  estab- 
lish our  contention  of  the  distinctness  of  this  form  from  any  of  the 
American  species.  Maciilipennis  is  nearer  to  the  Californian  occiden- 
talis  D.  &  K.  than  to  the  Eastern  quadrimaculatus  Say,  but  lacks  the 
apical  yellowish  wing  spot  characteristic  oi  occidentalis. 

Genus  CULEX  Linnaeus. 
Culex  toweri,  new  species. 

Head  behind  the  eyes  margined  with  silvery  gray  ;  thorax  clothed  with  rather 
pale  yellowish  brown  scales  above  with  faint  traces  of  dorsal  stripes  ;  abdomen  entirely 
black  above,  beneath  with  white  lateral  basal  spots  and  a  pale  median  area.  Wings  - 
with  the  veins  and  fringe  dark  brown  scaled.  Hind  legs  black  with  the  first  to  fourth 
tarsal  joints  narrowly  white  ringed  at  both  ends,  fifth  joint  white  ringed  at  the  base  ; 
knees  white  tipped,  tibiee  rather  broadly  white  tipped  ;  on  the  first  and  second  pairs 
of  legs  the  annulations  are  much  reduced.      Proboscis  and  palpi  black. 

39  specimens,  Mayaguez,  Porto  Rico  (W.  V.  Tower). 
Type.  — Cat.  no.  10222,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  larva  falls  with  Culex  lanientator  D.  &  K.  in  the  table  and  is 
much  like  it,  but  the  adults  are  quite  distinct. 

Culex  fur,  new  species. 

Proboscis  black  ;  head  broad,  black  behind  the  eyes;  thorax  with  the  anterior 
half  covered  with  brassy  scales,  two  large  dark  patches  within  this  area  on  the  disk 
before  ;  posterior  half  of  the  thorax  deep  brown.  Abdomen  black  above,  the  hind 
margins  of  the  segments  with  yellowish  hairs  ;  beneath  dirty  gray.  Legs  black. 
Wings  brown  scaled  along  the  \eins,  the  scales  on  the  apical  portion  broad.  Tarsal 
claws  simple. 

One  specimen,  Q)  Colon,  Panama  (A.  C.  H.  Russell). 
Type. — Cat.  no.  10259,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 
The  larva  is  unknown  to  us. 


AN  EARLY  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  COPULATION  OF 
STEGOMYIA  CALOPUS. 

By  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 
In   the   third   volume   of   the    Memoires  de  Mathematique   et   de 
Physique^    published  in    1760,   the   French   commander  Godeheu  de 


14  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Riville  gives  an  enthusiastic  and  detailed  account  of  his  observations 
on  the  copulation  of  mosquitoes.  He  puts  the  facts  on  record  in  the 
belief  that,  his  was  the  first  observation  of  the  kind.  However  the 
Acta  of  the  old  Leopold  Carolinan  Academy  in  1737  contained  a 
notice  of  the  copulation  of  mosquitoes  by  the  Spaniard  Diego  Revi- 
glias,  communicated  in  a  letter  dated  4  March,  1728. 

The  account  of  Reviglias  is  mainly  directed  towards  refuting  the 
then  generally  accepted  doctrine  that  insects  did  not  reproduce  them- 
selves but  were  the  product  of  processes  of  decomposition.  A  pair  of 
mosquitoes  found  united  formed  the  basis  of  this  essay  and  the  mode 
of  copulation  and  the  structure  of  the  male  and  female  genitalia  are 
carefully  described.  However  nothing  is  said  of  the  mating  habits 
and  at  present  the  article  has  little  more  than  an  historical  interest. 
Incidentally  it  may  be  noted  that  the  mosquito-pair  was  kept  under  a 
glass  until  they  died  and  for  some  time  thereafter.  A  small  hairy 
"worm,"  doubtless  a  dermestid  larva,  subsequently  made  its  appear- 
ance and  was  concluded  to  be  the  product  of  the  union  of  the 
mosquitoes. 

The  account  of  Godeheu  de  Riville  gains  especial  interest  at  pres- 
ent in  that,  through  seemingly  trivial  details,  we  are  able  to  identify 
the  mosquito  he  had  under  observation,  with,  I  may  say,  positive  cer- 
tainty. To  the  uninitiated  this  assertion  will  appear  quite  incredible  ; 
yet,  with  the  data  on  the  copulation  of  mosquitoes  that  we  now  have 
at  hand,  the  species  in  question  can  be  pointed  out  with  assurance  as 
Stegomyia  calopus.  I  will  first  give  in  short  the  essentials  of  Godeheu 
de  Riville' s  account  and  then  point  out  the  grounds  upon  which  I  base 
my  conclusions. 

Godeheu  de  Riville,  on  a  return  voyage  from  India,  directed  his 
efforts  to  the  discovery  of  the  copulation  of  mosquitoes,  and  he  relates 
how  his  persistent  efforts  were  at  last  successful.  He  dwells  upon  the 
conditions,  exceptionally  favorable  to  his  purpose,  which  existed  on 
board  the  ship  on  leaving  Pondichery.  The  water  brought  on  board 
at  Pondichery  swarmed  with  the  larvae  and  pup^^e  of  mosquitoes  but 
these  all  perished  when  the  casks  were  sealed.  Nevertheless  a  goodly 
number  of  mosquitoes  survived  in  certain  earthen  jars  in  which  drink- 
ing water  was  kept  to  preserve  it  in  good  condition.  During  the  first 
three  weeks,  whenever  the  cover  of  one  of  these  jars  was  lifted,  a  cloud 
of  mosquitoes  made  its  escape.  The  great  number  of  mosquitoes  pres- 
ent on  board  during  the  first  few  weeks  after  departure  from^  Pon- 


March,  1907.]       KnAB  :     COPULATION  OF  StEGOMVIA  CaLOPUS.  15 

dichery  and  the  small  area  to  which  they  were  restricted  led  the  com- 
mander to  believe  that  the  conditions  were  exceptionally  favorable  for 
accurate  observation  of  their  behavior.  The  warm  climate  and  the 
abundance  of  "  heating  "  food,  he  reasoned,  should  produce  a  stimu- 
lating effect  upon  the  reproductive  functions,  and  in  consequence 
copulation  should  be  more  frequent  and  the  opportunities  for  observa- 
tion increased.  On  account  of  its  small  size  the  state-room  seemed 
favorable  for  this  purpose  and  the  first  three  hours  after  noon,  when 
the  mosquitoes  seemed  most  active,  were  selected  as  the  most  favor- 
able time.  The  windows  were  closed  against  the  wind,  and  after  a 
sufficient  number  of  mosquitoes  had  entered,  the  door  was  likewise 
closed.  Thereupon  the  commander,  his  legs  and  hands  well  protected, 
and  armed  with  a  feather  to  drive  off  the  mosquitoes  that  threatened 
his  face,  spent  more  than  an  hour  each  day  in  the  close  heat  of  his 
cabin,  attentively  watching  the  cloud  of  mosquitoes  which  surrounded 
him.  In  spite  of  the  time  spent  nothing  was  discovered  but  the  pur- 
suit by  the  male,  which  was  so  much  like  that  in  butterflies  (as 
described  by  Reaumur)  that  the  commander  did  not  consider  it  worth 
recording.  Convinced  that  in  the  end  his  efforts  would  be  successful 
he  persisted  in  his  observations.  He  became  discouraged,  however, 
when  the  ship  fell  into  the  cold  winds  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
The  mosquitoes  abandoned  all  the  upper  part  of  the  ship  and  fled 
between  decks  for  shelter,  there  to  suck  blood  at  will. 

Shortly  after  the  Cape  had  been  doubled  they  reappeared  again 
with  the  good  weather.  They  all  looked  well  nourished  and  all  that 
were  crushed  were  found  to  be  filled  with  blood.  The  commander 
thereupon  resumed  his  observations,  encouraged  further  by  having 
found  females  with  the  abdomen  filled  with  white  bodies  which,  under 
a  strong  lens,  he  recognized  as  eggs.  These  observations  proved 
more  decisive  than  the  previous  ones.  He  distinctly  saw,  flying  past 
him,  many  couples  of  mosquitoes  intimately  united  but  in  a  manner 
different  from  that  in  other  flies.  Their  flight  slackened  at  intervals, 
when  it  could  be  seen  that  they  were  united  face  to  face,  their  legs 
intertwined.  From  time  to  time  couples  fell  upon  the  bureau  and 
again  took  flight.  Many  couples  that  the  commander  crushed  on  the 
bureau-top  showed  the  sexual  parts  intimately  united.  Still  he  thought 
that  he  might  have  been  deceived  by  the  manner  in  which  their  deli- 
cate bodies  had  been  crushed  together.  It  was  difficult  to  obtain  proof 
owing  to  the  fact  that  copulation  took  place  in  the  air,  during  rapid 


16  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

flight,  and  lasted  only  a  very  short  time.  Convinced  of  the  impossi- 
bility of  closely  studying  them  in  a  stationary  position  he  gave  up 
further  observation. 

However,  upon  May  13,  a  lucky  chance  permitted  him  to  observe 
what  for  more  than  two  months  had  been  the  object  of  his  research. 
Seeing  a  pair  of  mosquitoes  united  and  hovering  in  a  sun-beam  he 
gently  approached  them  to  obtain  a  better  look.  Escaping  him  they 
flew  to  the  rear  of  the  cabin  where,  after  an  irregular  flight,  they 
entered  the  canopy  of  the  bed  and  alighting  remained  suspended  from 
the  under  side  of  the  canopy-top.  Here  the  light  yellow  color  of  the 
cloth  contrasted  well  with  the  dark  bodies  of  the  mosquitoes  and  this 
proved  to  be  the  long  desired  opportunity.  Waiting  until  they  had 
become  well  settled  he  approached  cautiously.  The  female,  recognized 
by  the  length  and  stoutness  of  her  body,  sat  in  the  ordinary  position 
of  mosquitoes  ;  she  clung  to  the  fabric  with  her  front,  and  middle  legs, 
the  two  hind  legs  elevated  in  a  half-circle  above  her  wings.  The  male, 
on  the  contrary,  had  assumed  a  different  attitude.  The  smaller  size 
of  his  body  and  the  necessity  of  obtaining  union  with  the  female,  who 
did  not  seem  inclined  to  incommode  herself,  left  him  apparently  less 
at  ease.  His  two  greatly  elongated  front  legs  alone  held  him  to  the 
top  of  the  canopy  while  with  the  other  four  legs  he  grasped  the  female. 
In  spite  of  their  movements,  the  commander  was  able  to  study  them 
well  and  settle  all  doubts.  An  involuntary  move  on  his  part,  caused 
by  the  rolling  of  the  vessel,  startled  the  pair  from  its  resting-place. 
Still  united  they  tried  to  obtain  a  new  hold,  but  without  success,  and 
finally  flew  off  and  were  lost  to  view,  having  probably  separated. 

From  his  observations  Godeheu  de  Riville  concluded  that  copula- 
tion in  mosquitoes  does  not  last  long,  takes  place  very  quickly  in  com- 
parison with  other  flies,  and  appears  to  occur  only  in  the  air.  He 
considers  that  the  attitude  assumed  does  not  permit  them  to  alight, 
and  that  the  one  couple  thus  observed  was  a  rare  exception.  None  ot 
the  many  other  couples  which  he  attempted  to  observe  more  closely 
came  to  a  resting  position. 

Thus  runs  the  account  of  Godeheu  de  Riville.  It  may  be  added 
that  this  old  record  furnished  the  foundation  for  the  statement  made 
by  several  writers  that  with  the  mosquitoes  the  position  in  copulation 
is  face  to  face.  From  this  single  observation,  like  that  of  the  egg-lay- 
ing habit  of  Culex  pipiens  by  Reaumur,  it  has  been  wrongly  inferred 
that  such  were  the  habits  of  the  Culicidae  in  general.      More  recent 


March,  1907.]       KnAB  :     COPULATION  OF  StEGOMYIA   CaLOPUS.  17 

observations,  by  the  writer  and  others,  show  that  there  are  two  distinct 
modes  of  copulation  in  this  family,  each  correlated  with  a  difference 
in  claw  structure  in  the  female.  The  mode  described  above  obtains 
in  the  species  in  which  the  claws  of  the  female  (first  and  second,  or 
all  three  pairs  of  feet)  are  toothed.  It  has  been  observed  in  Stegomyia 
calopiis  by  Goeldi  and  the  writer,  and  in  Acdes  varipalptis  by  Dr.  H. 
G.  Dyar.  These,  together  with  the  record  of  Godeheu  de  Riville,  are 
the  only  authentic  observations  known  to  the  writer  of  this  mode  of 
copulation.  The  other  mode  appears  to  be  common  to  all  the  species 
in  which  the  female  has  simple  claws.  In  the  case  of  these  copulation 
likewise  takes  place  in  the  air  but  differs  strikingly  in  the  relative 
position  of  the  two  sexes.  When  the  two  sexes  meet  in  the  air  they 
grapple  for  a  moment  until  union  is  effected,  then,  releasing  their  hold 
of  each  other,  continue  flight  united  but  facing  in  opposite  directions. 
The  heavier  female  drags  the  male  after  her,  the  longitudinal  axes  of 
their  bodies  forming  a  straight  line.  The  writer  has  observed  copula- 
tion in  this  manner  in  Anopheles  punctipennis  and  Culex  pipiens,  and 
Dr.  Dyar  in  Culiseta  consobrinus."-^ 

With  the  above  data  on  the  mating  habits  of  mosquitoes  we  can 
now  approach  the  question  of  the  identity  of  the  species  observed  by 
Godeheu  de  Riville.  From  the  description  it  is  very  clear  that  the  spe- 
cies was  one  in  which  the  claws  of  the  female  are  toothed.  Moreover 
there  are  but  very  few  species  of  mosquitoes  that  are  sufficiently  do- 
mesticated to  breed  on  board  ship.  Of  all  the  species  with  toothed 
claws  Stegomyia  calopus  is  the  only  one  that  has  to  any  degree  associ- 
ated itself  with  man,  and  indeed,  as  is  well  known,  has  been  dissem- 
inated by  shipping  throughout  the  warmer  regions  of  the  earth.  An- 
other factor  that  points  conclusively  to  Stegomyia  calopus  is  the  fact, 
brought  out  in  Godeheu  de  Riville's  account,  that  the  mosquitoes 
were  most  active  during  the  warmest  hours  of  the  day,  a  characteristic 
habit  of  this  species.     There  is  no  other  species  that  comforms  with 

*  Contradictory  of  these  observations,  Dr.  A.  Eysell  credits  both  Anopheles  and 
Ctitex  with  the  mode  of  copulation  first  described  (Archiv  f.  Schiffs-u.  Tropen 
Hyg->  ^-  9»  P-  S^y  I9°5)-  I"^  '^6  ^^^^  °f  Anopheles  his  statement  is  credited  to  the 
observation  of  Schaudinn,  but  I  have  so  far  been  unable  to  find  the  original  record. 
For  Culex  his  basis  is  a  note  by  Grassi  on  Culiseta  spathipalpis  (Studi  di  uno  zoologo 
sulla  malaria,  p.  84,  1900).  Dr.  Eysell's  assertion  is  evidently  based  on  a  misinter- 
pretation, for  a  careful  study  of  the  original  text  reveals  nothing  that  indicates  the  re- 
lative position  of  the  two  sexes. 


18  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       fvoi.  xv 

these  requirements  :  domesticity,  character  of  the.  toothed  claws  in 
the  female  carrying  with  it  a  face  to  face  union  of  the  sexes,  and 
strictly  diurnal  habits. 

Class  I,  Hexapoda. 

Order  V,  LEPIDOPTERA. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  LARVA    OF   TORTRICID  A 
FISKEANA  DYAR. 

•  By  Harrison  G.   Dyar, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

A  single  larva  of  this  species  was  found  at  Tryon,  North  Carolina, 
on  a  Ceanothus  bush,  September  28,  1905.  The  adult  emerged  the 
following  year,  a  female  specimen,  agreeing  in  coloration  with  the 
male.  The  larva  is  structurally  a  Lithacodes,  and  it  will  be  better  to 
refer  the  species  to  that  genus,  which  differs  as  adult  but  slightly  from 
Tortricidia. 

Stage  VII.  Elliptical,  rather  elongate,  tail  subquadrate  but  not  incised  on  the 
sides  V^^  fasciola,  not  prominent.  Dorsum  rather  over  one-third  in  the  dorsal  as 
pect,  gently  arched,  narrowed  to  the  ends  ;  sides  oblique,  concave,  the  upper  half 
nearly  perpendicular,  the  lower  more  oblique  to  the  lateral  ridge.  Subventral  region 
retracted  ;  head  within  the  hood,  which  is  again  within  joint  3.  Setae  obsolete,  very 
small,  without  raised  tubercles  ;  skin  smooth,  with  rather  sparse  round  clear  granules, 
alike  all  over,  without  humps  or  irregularities  even  on  the  lateral  ridge.  The  de- 
pressed spaces  are  without  sharp,  or  even  defined  edges,  the  granulation  running 
right  across  ;  they  are  of  considerable  depth,  with  the  usual  glands  in  the  bottom. 
Dark  yellow  green,  a  little  suffued  with  yellow  in  the  dorsal  space ;  a  narrow  yellow 
line  in  the  subdorsal  ridge,  waved,  touching  depressed  spaces  (3)  at  the  outcurves  of 
the  segmentary  arcs,  not  joining  at  the  ends  ;  a  similar  but  more  diffused  and  rather 
paler  line  in  the  dorsal  space,  covering  depressed  spaces  (2)  at  the  incurves  of  the 
arcs,  obsolete  at  the  ends,  meeting  the  subdorsal  line  intersegmentarily  to  form  a  row 
of  dark  green  ellipses  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  subdorsal  ridge.  A  narrow  yellow 
line  along  the  lateral  ridge,  broken  exactly  above  each  spiracle,  that  is  segmentarily 
posteriorly;  no  hne  on  joint  3  transversely.  Depressed  spaces  (i)  single,  annular, 
yellow,  with  glandular  centers;  (2)  and  (3)  smaller, obscured  by  the  yellow  bands; 
(4)  with  a  small  yellow  dot  above  and  a  large  arc  below,  green  centered;  (5)  and 
(6)  in  line  above  the  lateral  ridge,  (5)  large,  segmentary,  (6)  small  intersegmentary. 
Length,  mature,  8  mm. 

Cocoon.  Small,  rounded,  brown,  spun  in  the  crevices  or  under  bark.  The 
larva  left  its  plant  without  much  change  of  color  at  first,  but  became  pale  yellowish 
on  the  second  day.  It  wandered  about  till  it  encountered  some  bark,  when  it  con- 
structed its  cocoon  between  two  pieces. 


March,  1907.  BUSCK:  REVIEW  OF  PHALONIIN^. 


19 


A  REVIEW  OF  THE  TORTRICID  SUBFAMILY 
PHALONIINAE  WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF 
NEW  AMERICAN   SPECIES. 

By  August  Busck. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  subfamily  Phaloniinae  comprises  a  natural  group  of  moths, 
which  are  easily  distinguished  from  all  other  Tortricidse  by  having 
vein  2  in  the  fore  wings  emitted  from  the  outer  fourth  of  the  cell. 
This  character  is  always  diagnostic.  Several  other  characters  are 
more  or  less  common  and  pecuHar  to  the  species  of  the  group,  and 
the  general  habitus  normally  indicates  the  subfamily  to  a  student 
of  Tortricidae,  but  the  above  named  character  is  the  safest  final 
guide  for  the  determination. 

The  genera  of  this  subfamily  are  well  separated  on  the  venation 
alone  without  resort  to  the  costal  fold  on  the  fore  wings  of 
the  males  which  is  objectionable  as  a  generic  character.  The 
presence  or  absence  of  this  fold  with  our  present  knowledge  seems 
nearly  persistent  within  the  genera  of  the  group ;  but  it  would  not 
be  surprising  to  find  exceptions,*  when  our  fauna  becomes  better 
known,  and  the  character  should  not  be  depended  upon  as  of 
more  than  specific  value. 

The  following  synoptic  table  may  be  utilized  in  separating  the 
American  and  European  genera  of  Phaloniinae  at  present  recog- 
nized. 
i,   •  Synoptic  Table  of  the  Genera  of  Phaloniin.-e. 

Hind  wings  with  a!!  veins  present ;  no  pecten  on  median  vein i 

Hind  wings  with  but  6  veins;  median  vein  with   pecten Carposina. 

I.  Fore  wings  with  veins  7  and  S  stalked 2 

Fore  wing  with  veins  7  and  8  separate  or  connate 3 

*Orie  exception  is  found  in  Commopliila  duponcheliana  Duponche!,  which 
has  a  very  small  costal  fold,  while  the  other  species  of  the  genus,  to  which  it 
is  undoubtedly  properly  referred,  have  no  costal  fold. 


20  JOURNAL   NEW    YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY.     ["Vol.  XV- 

2.  Hind   wings  with   veins   3  and   4  separate Lozopera.* 

Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  stalked Clysia* 

3.  Fore  wings  with  vein  7  to  apex  or  costa 4 

Fore  wings  with  vein  7  to  termen 6 

4.  Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  separate Phalonia. 

Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  connate  or  stalked 5 

5.  Fore  wings  with  vein  11  strongly  approximate  to  10 Phtheochroa.* 

Fore  wings  with  vein   11  midway  between   10  and   12 Commophila. 

6.  Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  separate Chlidonia* 

Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  connate  or  stalked 7 

7.  Hind  wings  with  veins  6  and  7  stalked '.  .  .  .Pharmacis. 

Hind  wings  with  veins  6  and  7  separate Hy.sterosia- 

Pseudoconchylis  Walsinghamf  does  not  belong  in  the  Phalo- 
niinae  where  it  was  originally  placed  and  has  since  been  retained  in 
our  lists.  It  is  a  genus  of  the  Tineidae.  Phalonia  unistrigana 
Dyar,J  is  also  a  Tineid  and  belongs  to  this  genus.  It  is  exceed- 
ingly close  to  if  not  identical  with  laticapitana,  Walsingham ;  but 
considering  the  different  localities  it  will  be  safer  to  retain  it  as 
distinct  specifically  until  more  material  is  at  hand  or  the  life  his- 
tory is  worked  out. 

Thyraylia  Walsinghamf,  type  Phalonia  buntcana  Robinson,  I 
am  unable  to  consider  a  valid  genus.  None  of  the  characters 
given  by  Lord  Walsingham  differ  from  those  of  typical  Phalonia. 
The  males  of  hunieana  have  a  curious  secondary  sexual  character 
not  mentioned  by  Lord  Walsingham,  namely,  a  costal  fold  on  the 
hind  wings,  involving  vein  8;  but  this  should  not  be  given  more 
than  specific  importance.  A  similar  fold,  sometimes  containing 
a  hairpencil,  is  found  in  the  males  of  several  other  species  of 
Phalonia,  as  jelix  Walsingham,  rupicola  Curtis,  manniana  Fabri- 
cius,  and  to  a  less  extent,  not  involving  vein  8,  in  others,  as  rutilana 
Hiibner  and  badiana  Hiibner;  but  it  is  not  found  in  species  other- 
wise closely  related  to  these. 

Anisotcenia  Stephens,  which  is  placed  by  Mr.  E-  Meyrick  ||  in 
this  subfamily,  has  vein  2  of  the  fore  wing  arising  before  the  outer 

*Not  known  in  America. 
fTrans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  p.  133,   1884. 
|Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Washington,  V,  p.  232,   1903. 
§Proc.  Zoo!.  Soc.  London,  p.  138,  1897. 
||Handbook_Br.  Lepid.,  p.  556,  1895. 


March,  1907.  BUSCK:  REVIEW   Olf  PHALONIIN^.  21 

third  of  the  cell  and  I  am  inclined  to  refer  it  to  the  subfamily 
Tortricinae. 

Pharmacis  Hiibner  is  the  same  as  Euxanthis  Hiibner,  and  pre- 
occupies it,  as  already  pointed  out  by  lyord  Walsingham.* 

The  generic  name  Phtheochroa  Stephens,  should  be  restricted  to 
the  type  of  this  genus,  rugusana  Hubner,  while  Commophila  should 
be  used  for  the  rest  of  the  species  at  present  included  in  that  genus ; 
rugusana  differs  strikingly  from  the  others  by  its  peculiar  venation 
of  the  fore  wings,  which  have  vein  1 1  strongly  approximate  to 
vein  10,  while  in  the  other  species  it  is  about  midway  between 
veins  10  and  12.  The  result  of  this  is  that  the  upper  internal 
vein  originates  between  veins  1 1  and  1 2  instead  of  beyond  1 1 ,  a 
very  unusual  character  in  the  family. 

Eupoecilia  Stephens,  which  Meyrick  utilized  for  maculosana 
Haworthf  is,  according  to  Walsingham, |  a  synonym  of  Euxanthis 
Hubner  and  he  removes  this  speciesandCommophila.duponcheliana 
to  Hysterosia  on  the  strength  of  their  costal  folds.  Commophila 
is  distinguished  from  Hysterosia  by  having  vein  7  in  the  fore  wings 
to  costa  or  at  least  very  close  to  apex,  while  Hysterosia  has  it  dis- 
tinctly to  termen;  Commophila  is,  however,  more  readily  separated 
from  Hysterosia  by  having  more  or  less  well  developed  raised  scale - 
tufts  on  the  fore  wings,  and  I  should  on  that  ground  retain  dupon- 
cheliana  in  Commophila,  where  it  certainly  would  be  placed  by 
its  general  habitus,  regardless  of  the  costal  fold,  which  I  consider 
merely  specific. 

Genus  PHALONIA  Hubner. 

Fore  wings  with  7  to  costa.  Hind  wings  with  3  and  4  separate;  6  and  7 
stalked. 

This  easily  recognized  genus  is  represented  by  many  species  in 
this  country  and  the  described  forms  are  only  a  small  portion  of 
those  that  we  have.  Several  European  species  have  been  re- 
corded from  America,  but  most  of  these  records  I  am  inclined  to 
doubt. 

*Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  V.,  p.  48S,  1900. 

fHandbook  Br.  Lepid.,  p.  554,  1895. 

JAnn.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  VI,  p   446,  1900.'  t^ 


22  JOURNAL   NEW   YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY.      [Vol.  XV. 

Erigeronana  Riley,  described  and  hitherto  listed  in  this  genus,  is  ■ 
a  Pharmacis  as  examination  of  the  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum  (U.  S-  N.  M.,  type  No.  379)  proves. 

P.  vitellinana  Zeller  is  also  a  Pharmacis. 

Clemens'  name  angustana  for  which  Robinson*  substituted  dorsi- 
maculana  on  account  of  the  European  angustana  Hubner,  should, 
be  resurrected  as  the  latter  species  does  not  belong  to  this  genus 
but  to  Pharmacis. 

Phalonia  comes  Walsingham  belong  to  Commophila  (see  post.) 

Phalonia  atomosana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  face  head  and  thorax  unicolored  dirty  ochreous.  Fore  wings 
light  ochreous  evenly  suffused  with  darker  ochreous  scales  and  irregularly 
sprinkled  with  single  black  scales,  especially  along  the  extreme  dorsal  edge 
and  before  tremen.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  an  aggregation  of  black  scales 
and  obliquely  below  and  before  these  is  a  small  black  dash  on  the  fold.  Hind 
wings  light  ochreous  fuscous.  Abdomen  ochreous.  Legs  ochreous  with 
tarsal  joints  fainly  annulated  with  black. 

Alar  expanse:  19-20  mm. 
'    Habitat:  Pittsburg,  Pa.  (H.  Engel). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10223. 

Of  about  the  size  and  shape  of  Phalonia  floccosana  Walker,  but 
with  less  clear  ground  color,  without  the  darker  dorsal  shade  and 
differing  in  the  sprinkling  of  dark  scales. 

Phalonia  rana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  blackish  brown  exteriorly,  ochreous  on  their  inner  side.  Face, 
head  and  thorax  light  ochreous  fuscous.  Fore  wings  whitish  ochreous  strongly 
suffused  with  dark  fuscous  and  with  blackish  brown  ornamentation  as  follows: 
A  blackish  spot  on  base  of  costa;  an  outwardly  oblique  streak  from  base  of 
dorsal  edge,  terminating  on  the  middle  of  the  cell;  a  small  round  spot  just 
within  the  dorsal  edge  at  apical  third;  a  broad  outwardly  oblique  costal 
streak  from  just  beyond  middle  of  costal  edge,  terminating  at  the  end  of  the 
cell;  a  small  costal  spot  just  before  apex.  Hind  wings  ochreous  fuscous. 
Abdomen  fuscous.  Front  legs  blackish,  posterior  legs  ochreous  sprinkled 
with  black. 

Alar  expanse,  17-18  mm. 

Habitat:  Pittsburg,  Pa.   (H.  Engel). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10224. 

*Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  11.,  p.  285,  1869. 


March,  1907.  BUSCK :  REVIEW   OF   PHELONIIN^.  23 

This  strongly  marked  dark  species  suggests  by  its  color  and  gen- 
eral habitus  the  genus  Hysterosia,  but  has  the  venation  typical  of 
the  present  genus. 

Phalonia  grandis,  new  species. 

Labia!  palpi  ochreous  white,  suffused  with  dark  fuscous  exteriorly.  Face, 
head  and  thorax  yellowish  white.  Fore  wings  yellowish  white  slightly  suf- 
fused with  deeper  ochreous  on  apical  half.  Three  blackish  brown  costal  spots, 
one  at  base,  one  on  the  middle,  and  one  at  apical  fourth.  A  large  dark  tri- 
angular spot  on  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  reaches  with  its  tip  up  into  the 
middle  of  the  cell;  this  spot  is  light  olivaceous  brown  with  darker  fuscous 
and  black  scales  intermixed.  Extreme  terminal  edge  slightly  sprinkled  with 
dark  slate-colored  scales.  Cilia  white.  Hind  wings  silvery  white  with  dark 
fuscous  short  transverse  striation  nearly  equally  plain  on  both  sides  of  the 
wing.    Abdomen  ochreous  fuscous.     Forelegs  blackish,  posterior  legs  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:  30  mm. 

Habitat:  Chimney  Gulch,  Golden,  Colorado  (Oslar). 

Type:    U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10225. 

This  is  the  largest  species  of  this  genus  described  from  Europe 
or  America  both  in  regards  alar  expanse  and  width.  It  approaches 
in  size  and  color  edwardsiana  Walsingham,  but  is  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  ornamentation  of  both  fore  and  hind  wings. 

Phalonia  yuccatana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  creamy  white,  second  joint  shaded  with  reddish  brown  ex- 
teriorly. Face,  head  and  thorax  yellowish  creamy  white  with  a  slight  rosy 
tint.  Fore  wings  creamy  white  with  costal  edge  from  base  to  beyond  middle 
narrowly  dark  reddish  brown  and  with  a  similarly  colored  spot  at  apical 
fifth  of  costa.  Both  of  these  markings  contain  transverse  black  streaks. 
On  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  is  a  small,  round,  blackish  spot  preceded 
and  followed  by  a  few  black  striations.  On  the  disc  just  before  the  end  of 
the  cell  are  two  short,  parallel,  transverse,  blackish  brown  dashes,  sometimes 
continued  into  a  longitudinal  series  of  small  transverse  streaks  of  which,  how- 
ever, only  the  outer  ones  near  the  terminal  edge  are  persistent.  Hind  wings 
light  fuscous  with  darker  veins  and  dorsal  edge.  Abdomen  yellowish.  Legs 
creamy  yellow.     The  entire  insect  has  a  slight  rose  tinge. 

Alar  expanse:  18-20  mm. 
Habitat:  Nuecestown,  Texas  (C.  L.  Marlatt). 
Type:  U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10226. 
Foodplant:  Yucca  baccata. 

Bred  in  the  insectary  of  U.  S-  Department  of  Agriculture  from 
pupae,  collected  by  Mr.  C  L-  Marlatt,  April,  1896,  on  the  above 


24  JOURNAL   NE;w    YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

plant,  where  the  larvae  had  spun  their  cocoons  in  the  rolled-up 
leaflets.  A  very  distinct  large  species  not  easily  confounded  with 
any  described  species  of  this  genus. 

Phalonia  louisiana,    new   species. 

Labial  palpi  light  yellow.  Face,  head  and  thorax  dark  golden  yellow. 
Fore  wings  light  shining  .straw-colored  overlaid  with  golden  yellow,  and  with 
the  base  and  two  oblique  fasciae  dark  golden  brown.  The  first  of  these  fasciae 
runs  from  before  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  to  beyond  the  middle  of  costal 
edge  and  is  the  broadest  of  the  two;  the  second  fascia  runs  between  and  paral- 
lel with  the  first  and  the  terminal  edge.  Both  are  darkest  on  the  dorsal  edge, 
and  gradually  become  lighter  and  more  yellow  towards  costa.  The  inter- 
vening space  is  strongly  suffused  with  golden  yellow.  Apical  edge  silvery 
overlaid  with  golden  yellow.  Cilia  white.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous.  Ab- 
domen blackish  fuscous.     Legs  ochreous  shaded  with  black. 

Alar  expanse:  i6  mm. 

Habitat:  St.  Louis,  Missouri  (Busck). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10227. 

This  species  has  the  same  general  pattern  as  Phalonia  parallel- 
ana,  Walsingham,  but  is  a  larger,  more  brilliant  insect  with  darker 
hind  wings. 

Phalonia  pimana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  head  and  thorax  light  ochreous.  Fore  wings  whitish  ochreous, 
suffused  with  deeper  ochreous  scales  and  with  reddish  brown  markings.  A 
complete  narrow  reddish  brown  central  fascia,  parallel  with  the  oblique  ter- 
minal edge  has  both  edges  straight  and  sharp  and  is  the  dominating  orna- 
mentation. The  base  of  costal  edge  is  reddish  brown,  and  there  is  a  nearly 
obsolete  small  fascia  across  the  extreme  apex  of  the  wing,  indicated  mainly 
by  reddish  brown  scales  at  both  ends,  while  the  middle  part  is  suffused  and 
obscured  by  the  ochreous  scaling.  At  apical  third  is  a  small  reddish  brown 
dorsal  spot.     Hind  wings  whitish  ochreous.     Abdomen  and  legs  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:   16  mm. 

Habitat:  Baboquiveria  Mts.,  Pima  Co.,  Arizona. 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.   10228. 

This  species  belong  near  transversana,  Walsingham. 

Phalonia  plummeriana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  face,  head  and  thorax  light  ochreous.  Fore  wings  light 
ochreous  suffused  with  reddish  brown  scales,  especially  on  the  apical  half, 
and  with  an  oblique  reddish  brown  fascia  from  before  the  middle  of  the  dorsal 
edge  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  edge.  This  fascia  has  straight  and 
parallel  edges,  and  is  more  intensely  reddish  brown  on  the  dorsal  side,  gradu- 


March,  1907.  BUSCK:  REVIBW   OI^  PHALONTIN.E.  25 

ally  losing  itself  towards  costa  in  the  reddish  scaling  around  it.  Extreme 
tip  of  the  wing  is  reddish  brown.  Hind  wing  silvery  ochreous  white.  Ab- 
domen dark  ochreous  fuscous.  Legs  whitish  ochreous  sparsely  sprinkled 
on  external  surfaces  with  fuscous. 

A  lar  expanse :  13-14  nun 

Habitat:  Plummers  Island,  Maryland  (in  the  Potomac  river 
above  Washington  City). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10229. 

Phalonia  schwarziana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  light  yellow,  sprinkled  with  reddish  scales  on  the  underside 
and  towards  the  tip.  Face,  head  and  thorax  light  yellow;  scales  on  patagia 
tipped  with  dark  fuscous.  Fore  wings  rather  broad  and  square,  light  greenish 
yellow  with  a  striking  central  fascia  parallel  with  terminal  edge;  this  fascia 
is  of  a  rich  reddish  brown  color  on  dorsal  edge  lined  with  darker  brown,  but 
gradually  becomes  narrower  and  lighter  towards  costal  edge,  where  the  light 
ground  color  in  merely  darkened  by  a  sprinkling  of  slate-colored  scales;  the 
fascia  is  edged  on  both  sides  by  strongly  lustrous  golden  yellow  scales.  Cos- 
tal edge  at  base  narrowly  darkened  by  fuscous  scales  and  extreme  tip  of 
wing  is  similarly  darkened.  Hind  wings  light  fuscous  with  whitish  cilia. 
Abdomen  ochreous.  Four  anterior  legs  blackish  with  white  annulations  on 
the  tarsi;  posterior  legs  ochreous,  slightly  sprinkled  with  fuscous. 

Alar  expanse:  11  mm. 
'  Habitat:  Plummers  Island,   Maryland   (in    the    Potomac    river 
above  Washington  City). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10230. 

The  species  approaches  in  pattern  hospes  Walsingham,  but  the 
light  olivaceous  yellow  ground  color  and  the  definitely  limited 
fascia  at  once  separates  it;  it  belongs  besides  to  the  more  broad 
and  short-winged  group  of  the  genus. 

I  name  this  pretty  and  striking  Httle  species  after  Mr.  E-  A. 
Schwarz  in  pleasant  memory  of  the  many  long  summer  evenings 
and  nights  spent  together  with  him  on  Plummers  Island  in  the 
pursuit  of  insects  attracted  to  light,  when  the  micros  were  too 
numerous  to  allow  sleep,  and  when  Mr.  Schwarz  could  always  be 
counted  on  to  keep  the  enthusiasm  up  until  the  morning. 

Phalonia  aureana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  head  and  thorax  fawn-colored.  Basal  third  of  the  fore  wings 
fawn-colored  except  along  the  dark  fuscous  costal  edge;  this  basal  patch  is 
not  very  sharply  limited  by  a  large,  dark,  blackish  fuscous  cloud,  which  covers 
the  entire  apical  part  of  the  wing  except  the  terminal  and  apical  edges,  and 


26  JOURNAL   NEW    YORK    ENTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

which  contains  Hglit  ochreous,  reddish  and  silvery  scales  especially  in  its  basal 
part.  Apical  and  terminal  edge  golden  fawn-colored  with  an  oblique  narrow 
silvery  streak  crossing  the  tip.  Cilia  light  yellow.  Hind  wings  dark  blackish 
fuscous.     Abdomen  dark  fuscous.     Legs  ochreous  shaded  with  black. 

A  lar  expanse :   12-13  mm . 

Habitat:  Oak  Station,  Pennsylvania  (F.  Marloff). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  1023 1. 

Nearest  and  quite  close  to  Pkalonia  hospes  Walsingham,  but 
differing  in  that  the  basal  light  area  is  broadest  on  the  dorsal  side 
instead  of  at  the  costal  part  as  in  Lord  Walsingham 's  species. 

Phalonia  gunniana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  white,  shaded  with  fuscous  on  the  exterior  sides.  Face  light 
ochreous.  Head  and  thorax  whitish  ochreous  mixed  with  brown  and  black 
scales.  Fore  wings  dark  brownish  ochreous  on  the  terminal  part  with  a  rosy 
tint;  on  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  is  a  large  semicircular  blackish  spot, 
which  is  the  base  of  an  indistinct  transverse  light  brown  fascia,  hardly  darker 
than  the  ground  color.  Before  tornus  is  a  similarly  colored  large  round  spot 
surrounded  by  silvery  and  light  rose-colored  scales.  Across  the  extreme 
apex  of  the  wings  is  an  oblique  black  streak  and  terminal  edge  and  the  cilia 
is  dusted  with  black.  Hind  wings 'dark  fuscous.  Abdomen,  dark  fuscous. 
Legs,  ochreous   shaded   externally   with   black. 

Alar  expanse:   10-12  mm. 

Habitat:  Plummers  Island,  Md.  (Busck). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10232. 

This  species  is  very  close  to,  and  when  rubbed  mistakeable  for 
Phalonia  bunteana  Robinson,  but  differs  by  the  darker  basal  part 
and  the  more  brownish  general  color. 

Phalonia  marloffiana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  whitish  dusted  with  fuscous;  terminal  joint  fuscous.  Face  and 
head  whitish  sprinkled  with  fuscous.  Thorax  light  fuscous.  Fore  wings 
white  with  dark  fuscous  and  black  markings  and  slightly  suffused  with  ochre- 
ous near  base.  Basal  third  white  except  the  costal  edge  and  a  dorsal  spot 
near  the  base  which  are  dark  fuscous.  This  nearly  unmottled  basal  patch 
reaches  further  out  on  the  costal  than  on  the  dorsal  edge,  and  is  limited  by  a 
poorly  defined  broad  central  blackish  fuscous  area,  sprinkled  with  whitish 
and  brownish  scales  and  somewhat  incised  on  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Beyond 
this  area  is  a  transverse  white  fascia  parallel  with  the  terminal  edge  and  more 
or  less  obscured  by  dark  mottling  especially  towards  the  dorsal  edge.  Apical 
part  of  the  wing  black  sprinkled  with  scattered  brown  and  whitish  scales. 
Hind  wings  dark  blackish  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  above,  under  side 
ochreous  sprinkled  with  fuscous.  Legs  whitish  ochreous,  sprinkled  with 
fuscous. 


March,  igoy.  BUSCK:  REVIEW  OF  PHALONIIN^E.  27 

Alar  expanse:  lo-ii  mm. 

Habitat:  Oak  Station,  Pennsylvania  (F.  Marloff). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10233. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  very  distinct  species  in  honor  of 
the  collector,  from  whom  I  have  repeatedly  had  interesting  and 
carefully  mounted  Microlepidoptera. 

The  species  has  a  certain  similarity  to  the  European  angustana 
Treitsche. 

Phalonia  lavana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  white,  shaded  with  light  fuscous.  Face  and  head  dirty  white. 
Thorax  light  fuscous.  Fore  wings  silvery  white,  mottled  and  marked  with 
black  and  brown.  Costal  edge  is  tinged  with  brown,  especially  at  base  and 
marked  with  about  sixteen  equidistant  small  black  streaks  from  base  to  apex. 
On  the  middle  of  the  wing  three  of  these  streaks  are  combined  into  a  larger 
spot  by  intervening  dark  brown  scales,  and  from  the  spot  is  emitted  an  indis- 
tinct, poorly  defined  brown  shade  across  the  wing.  Basal  third  of  the  wing  is 
nearly  unmottled,  but  the  apical  part  is  somewhat  darkened  by  irregular 
black  striation.  The  apical  two-thirds  of  the  dorsal  edge  is  also  marked  with 
small  black  streaks  and  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  strongly  mottled  with  black  and 
brown  scales.  Hind  wings  whitish  silvery  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous- 
Legs,  whitish;  anterior  tarsal  joints  annulated  with  black. 

Alar  expanse:  12-13  mm. 

Habitat:  Oak  Station,  Pennsylvania  (F.  Marloff) ;  Hyattsville. 
Maryland  (Busck). 

Type:  U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10234. 

Phalonia  hubbardana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  smoky  white,  externally  shaded  with  fuscous.  Face  smoky, 
yellowish  white.  Top  of  head  and  thorax  yellowish  white  strongly  sprinkled 
with  black.  Fore  wing  smoky  white  overlaid  with  light  yellow  and  faintly 
mottled  by  transverse  black  striation;  this  striation  is  emphasized  on  the 
costal  edge,  which  on  account  of  the  many  close  short  streaks  appears  blackish. 
Termen  and  cilia  black,  each  black  scale,  however,  minutely  tipped  with  white. 
On  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge  is  an  outwardly  oblique  more  or  less  distinct 
black  streak  reaching  the  fold.  Hind  wings  light  silvery  fuscous.  Abdomen 
and  legs  whitish  fuscous;  tarsal  joints  blackish. 

Alar  expanse:  12-13  mm. 

Habitat:  Tucson,  Arizona  (H.  G.  Hubbard). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No. -10235. 

Food  plant:  Koeberlinia  spinosa. 


28  JOURNAL  NEW   YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

The  larva  of  this  species  is  a  borer  in  the  stems  and  thorns  of 
the  above  plant,  and  is  "bright  semitransparent  greenish  yellow, 
with  head  and  cervical  shield  pale  brownish."  They  were  re- 
ceived in  January,  1897,  from  Mr.  Hubbard  by  the  U.  S  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  and  bred  by  Mr.  Pergande  in  May  of  the 
same  year.  Mr.  Hubbard  stated  in  his  letter  of  transmission  that 
the  plant  never  has  leaves  and  that  the  thorns  are  poisonous. 

The  species  is  nearest  Phalonia  campicolana  Walsingham  in 
coloration,  but  is  much  smaller  and  differs  by  its  yellow  color, 
which  suffuses  the  wing,  as  well  as  by  the  absence  of  the  black  base 
and  darker  costal  markings  found  on  the  fore  wings  of  Lord  Wal- 
singham's  species. 

Phalonia  temerana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  whitish  with  exterior  sides  of  second  joint  and  the  apical  joint 
clear  brown.  Face,  head  and  thorax  whitish,  sprinkled  with  brown.  Fore 
wings  white  evenly  suffused  with  brown  scales;  just  before  the  middle  of  the 
dorsal  edge  is  an  outwardly  oblique  brown  streak  edged  with  black  and  ter- 
minating on  the  fold,  though  faintly  continued  beyond  it  as  a  slight  dark 
shade.  Apical  third  of  the  wing  brown  sprinkled  with  sparse  black  scales. 
Cilia  sprinkled  with  black.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  ochreous 
fuscous.     Anterior  legs  blackish;  posterior  legs  whitish  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:  12-13  mm. 

Habitat:  Oak  Station,  Pennsylvania  (F.  Marloflf). 
Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10236. 

An  obscurely  marked  species  recognizable  by  the  clear  brown 
labial  palpi  and  the  brownish  apical  part  of  the  fore  wings. 

Phalonia  leguminana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  dark  reddish  brown  exteriorly,  sprinkled  with  white  on  the 
inner  side.  Face  and  head  dark  fuscous,  sprinkled  with  white.  Anterior 
part  of  thorax  dark  fuscous;  posterior  part  whitish  sprinkled  with  fuscous; 
posterior  tuft  dark  reddish  brown.  The  lustrous  white  ground-color  of  the 
fore  wings  is  for  the  greater  part  heavily  overlaid  with  shining  dark  fuscous, 
light  slate-colored,  black  and  brown  scales;  a  basal  patch  of  mixed  dark 
fuscous,  black  and  brown  scales,  wider  on  costal  side  than  on  the  dorsal,  is 
limited  exteriorly  by  a  nearly  unmottled  oblique  white  fascia;  this  spreads 
out  on  the  costal  edge  over  the  central  part  of  the  wing,  and  downwards  in  a 
narrow  spur  to  the  dorsal  edge  at  apical  third,  enclosing  a  large  round  blotch 
of  dark  scales  on  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge.  On  the  costal  edge  are  several 
small  dark  spots  in  the  white  part.  Apical  third  of  the  wing  is  entirely  over- 
laid with  dark  mixed  fuscous  brown  and  black  scales  except  for  a  thin  white 


March,  1907.  BUSCK:  REVIEW   OF  PHALONIIN^.  29 

line  across  the  tip.  Hind  wings  Hght  whitish  fuscous  with  darker  tip  and 
veins.  The  four  anterior  legs  are  blackish  with  white  annulations  on  the 
tarsi;  posterior  legs  whitish  ochreous,  slightly  sprinkled  on  the  outer  surfaces 
with  fuscous. 

Alar  expanse:  14-15111111. 

Habitat:  Washington,  D.  C 

Type:  U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10237. 

Food  plant:  Gleditschia  horrida. 

This  species  was  bred  in  the  insectary  of  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  in  February  from  seedpods  of  the  above  plant, 
collected  the  previous  September;  the  larvae  fed  on  the  pulp 
around  the  seeds.  They  were  dirty  greenish,  tinged  with  purple, 
head  brownish  yellow,  cervical  shield  lighter,  both  highly  polished ; 
piliferous  warts  large,  flat,  polished,  about  the  color  of  the  body. 

The  species  is  nearest  and  quite  close  to  the  European  dubitana 
Hiibner,  but  differs  in  the  much  greater  extent  of  the  dark  parts 
of  the  fore  wings  and  in  the  presence  of  the  narrow  transverse 
white  line  across  the  tip. 

Genus  PHARMACIS  Hubner. 

Fore  wings  with  vein  7  to  termen.  Hind  wings  with  3  and  4  connate  or 
stalked;  6  and  7  stalked. 

Type:  sartana  Hubner. 

I  Synopsis  of  American  species: 

Ground  color  of  fore  wings  white mexicana. 

Ground  color  ochreous i 

1.  Entire  apical  part  of  wing  dark  clouded 2 

Apical  part  of  wing  with  limited  dark  markings 3 

2.  With  broad  dark  dorsal  marking  touching  the  edge erigeronana. 

With  narrow  dark  dorsal  marking  not  touching  edge deceptana. 

3.  With  complete   central  fascia sartana. 

Without  such  fascia bimaculana. 

Pharmacis  deceptana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  whitish,  sprinkled  with  ochreous  fuscous.  Face,  head  and 
thorax  dirty  white,  sprinkled  with  ochreous  fuscous.  Fore  wings  dirty  white 
overlaid  with  ochreous  fuscous  and  with  dark  brown  markings.  The  basal 
two-thirds  of  the  fore  wing  is  evenly  sprinkled  with  short,  ill-detined  trans- 
verse ochreous  fuscous  streaks,  and  contains  on  the  middle  of  the  fold  a  con- 
spicuous dark  brown  kidney-shaped  oblique  spot,  nearly  but  not  quite  touch- 
ing the  dorsal  edge:  this  spot  is  emphasized  by  being  surrounded  by  a  narrow 


30  JOURNAL  NEW   YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.      [Vol.  XV. 

edge  of  unmottled  white.  Beyond  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  large,  indistinct, 
round,  light  brown  spot,  which  is  rather  sharply  defined  towards  the  lighter 
basal  part  of  the  wing,  but  which  apically  gradually  mixes  with  the  surround- 
ing color  and  partly  covers  the  entire  apical  third.  Hind  wings  dark  brown 
with  whitish  cilia  and  with  under  side  slightly  speckled  with  white  trans- 
verse streaks.     Abdomen,  dark  fuscous.     Legs,  light  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:  i6  mm. 

Habitat:  Kerrville,  Texas  (Wm.  Barnes). 

Type:  U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10238. 

Near  to  bimaculana  Robinson,  but  larger  and  with  the  well- 
defined  apical  spot  of  that  species  supplanted  by  the  suffused 
brown  shade.  This  species  has  a  certain  general  resemblance  to 
Lord  Walsingham's  figure  of  Pcedisca  maculatana  and  the  type 
specimens  were  determined  by  Mr.  Wm.  Kearfott  as  that  species 
for  the  National  Museum. 

Pharmacis  mexicana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  white,  sHghtly  sprinkled  with  light  fuscous  externally  and  with 
apical  joint  light  fuscous.  Head  and  thorax  white,  slightly  suffused  with 
light  ochreous  fuscous.  Fore  wings  white,  slightly  suffused  with  light  ochreous 
fuscous  and  with  brown  markings.  Basal  third  evenly  and  lightly  darkened 
by  short  indistinct  transverse  striation;  before  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge 
is  a  large  conspicuous  dark  brown,  outwardly  oblique  streak,  terminating 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  cell.  This  streak  has  parallel  and  straight  edges, 
and  is  limited  on  both  sides  by  a  narrow  edging  of  pure  white  scales.  Beyond 
the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  large  ill-defined  ashy  brown  shade,  limited  basally  by 
a  line  of  unmottled  white  and  reaching  nearly  to  the  terminal  edge:  beyond  it 
is  a  short  oblique  whitish  fascia  across  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Extreme  apex 
ashy  brown.  Cilia  white  with  dark  fuscous  tips.  Hind  wings  light  whitish 
fuscous  on  the  upper  side,  faintly  showing  the  ornamentation  of  the  under 
side,  which  is  whitish  with  dark  fuscous  transverse  lines.  Abdomen  and  legs 
ochreous  white,  slightly  dusted  with  light  fuscous. 

Alar  expanse:  22  mm. 

Habitat:  Beulah,  New  Mexico,  8,000  feet  altitude  (T.  D.  A. 
Cockerell). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10238. 

This  is  the  largest  and  lightest  colored  of  the  described  American 
species  of  this  genus. 

Genus  COMMOPHILA  Hubner. 

Fore  wings  with  vein  7  to  costa  or  apex;  7  and  8  sometimes  connate;  with 
raised  scales.  Hind  wings  with  6  and  7  approximate,  connate  or  stalked;  3 
and  4  connate  or  stalked. 


March,  1907.  BUSCK :   RKVIEW   OP   PHALONIIN^.  31 

Synopsis  of  American  species. 

Ground  color  whitish i 

Ground  color  not  white 2 

1.  Hind  wings  with  strong  dark  transverse  striation macrocarpana. 

Hind   wings   without   such   striation fuscodorsana. 

2.  Fore   wings   dark   brown saxicolana. 

Fore  wings  light  ochreous comes. 

Commophila  comes  Walsingham. 

Conchylis  comes  Walsingham,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc  ,  London,  1884,  p.  129. 
Phalonia  comes  Fernald,  Dyar,  List  N.  Am.  Lep.  No.  5463,  1903. 

This  species  should  be  referred  to  the  present  genus,  if  Lord 
Walsinghams  determination  of  my  specimen  is  authentic,  as  I 
beUeve.  It  has  sHghtly  raised,  smooth  scale  tufts  on  the  fore 
wings  and  veins  7  and  8  connate  to  costa;  hind  wings  with  3  and 
4  connate,  6  and  7  stalked.  The  specimen  before  me  was  bred 
in  the  insectary  of  the  U.  S-  Department  of  Agriculture  from  galls 
on  oak,  made  by  Olliffiella  cristicoUe  Cockerell,  received  from 
Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison,  Fort  Grant,  Arizona.  The  following  is  Mr. 
Pergande's  note  on  the  larva:  "Preying  on  the  Coccid.  Head 
"brick  red,  body  purphsh,  cervical  plate  paler  anteriorly  with  a 
"broad  black  posterior  margin;  body  marked  each  side  with  a 
"somewhat  irregular  row  of  minute  whitish  spots  and  similar 
"spots  across  the  middle  of  the  segments;  venter  pale  dirty 
"yellowish;  length,  7  mm." 

Genus  HYSTEROSIA  Stephens. 

Fore  wings  with  vein  7  to  termen.  Hind  wings  with  veins  3  and  4  connate ; 
6  and  7  approximate  but  separate  at  base. 

Type:  ino  plana  Ha  worth. 

Synopsis  of  American  species. 

Fore  wings  creamy  white cegrana. 

Fore  wings  not  creamy  white i 

1.  Fore  wings  with  ochreous  markings 2 

Fore  wings  with  brown  or  fuscous  markings 4 

2.  Hind  wing  whitish 3 

Hind  wing  fuscous inopiana. 

3.  Fore  wings  suffused  with  light  golden  yellow aureoalbida. 

Fore  wings  blotched  with  darker  yellow  scaHng fuhiplicana. 


32  JOURNAL  NKW   YORK  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

4.  Head  dark  fuscous 5 

Head  ochreous 6 

5.  Fore  wings  with  a  violet  tint birdana. 

Fore  wings  without  such  tint modestana 

6.  The   light   ground   color   prevailing villana. 

The  dark  fuscous  scaling  prevailing 7 

7.  Fore  wings  with  deep  ochreous  markings  on  fold baracana. 

Fore   wings   without   such   markings terminana 

Hysterosia  birdana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  blackish  brown.  Head  dark  brown  intermixed  with  ochreous 
Thorax  dark  purplish  brown  with  a  posterior  tuft.  Fore  wings  dark  violet 
brown  with  still  darker  purplish  brown  markings  as  follows:  a  costal  spot  at 
base;  another  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  which  emits  a  narrojv  inwardly 
oblique  fascia,  which  gradually  widens  until  it  reaches  the  dorsal  edge  at 
basal  third.  A  round  dark  spot  within  the  dorsal  edge  at  apical  third  and  the 
entire  tip  of  the  wing  limited  inwardly  by  a  straight  line  running  from  tornus 
to  apical  third  of  costal  edge.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  small  round  black 
dot.  Hind  wings  above  light  ochreous  fuscous  with  the  ornamentation  of 
the  under  side  faintly  showing  through;  under  side  whitish  with  numerous, 
undulating,  transverse,  dark  fuscous  lines  running  across  the  wing.  Ab- 
domen  ochreous   fuscous.     Legs   ochreous,  shaded  externally  with  black. 

Alar  expanse:  27  mm. 

Habitat:  Rye,  New  York  (H.  Bird). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10240.  ' 

Food  plant:  Helianthus. 

Bred  by  Mr.  H.  Bird  from  larvae  boring  in  the  roots  of  Helian- 
thus, occurring  with  those  of  Papaipema  nelita  Strecker. 

This  fine  species,  which  I  take  pleasure  in  naming  in  honor  of 
the  discoverer,  is  by  far  the  largest  and  darkest  of  the  genus,  and 
can  not  be  mistaken  for  any  of  the  other  described  species, 
though  partaking  in  the  general  common  scheme  of  markings. 

Hysterosia  modestana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  dark  fuscous  with  inner  surfaces  ochreous.  Face,  head  and 
thorax  dark  fuscous;  thorax  smooth.  Fore  wings  uniformly  dark  fuscous 
with  a  strong  silky  lustre;  at  the  end  of  the  cell  outside  of  the  usual  small 
black  dot  is  a  small  transverse  blackish  spot  and  between  this  and  the  apex 
is  another  larger  blackish  spot.  Hind  wings  dark  ochreous  fuscous  above; 
under  side  whitish  fuscous  checkered  with  dark  fuscous  transverse  striation. 
Abdomen,  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  legs  black  with  ochreous  annulations  on 
tarsal  joints;  posterior  legs  ochreous,  mottled  with  black. 


March,   1907.  BUSCK:  REVIEW   OF  PHAEONIIN^.  33 

Alar  expanse:  20  mm. 

Habitat:  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania  (H.  Engel). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10241. 

The  uniform  dark  color  and  the  strong  silky  lustre,  together  with 
the  dark  head  easily  separates  this  species  from  the  others  here 
defined. 

Hysterosia  terminana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  yellowish  white,  slightly  shaded  with  black  on  the  exterior 
side  of  second  joint.  Face  ochreous  white.  Head,  ochreous  intermixed  with 
fuscous.  Thorax  smooth,  ochreous  fuscous.  Fore  wings  whitish  ochreous, 
irregularly  overlaid  with  dark  fuscous  spots  and  blotches.  Costal  fold  dark 
fuscous.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  small  blackish  dot,  followed  by  a  trans- 
verse, elongate  triangular,  dark  fuscous  shade ;  between  this  and  the  dark 
apical  part  of  the  wing  is  a  nearly  unmottled,  narrow  fasci-form,  ochreous 
white  space,  limiting  sharply  the  dark  apical  part,  which  is  darkest  towards 
the  base  of  the  wing  and  gradually  becomes  lighter  towards  the  tip.  Upper 
side  of  the  hind  wings  light  whitish  fuscous  with  the  ornamentation  of  the  under 
side  faintly  showing  through;  under  side  ochreous  white,  slightly  mottled 
with  light  fuscous,  transverse  striation.     Abdomen  and  legs  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:  17-20  mm. 

Habitat:  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania  (H.  Engel). 

Type:  U.  S-  N.  M.,  No.  10242. 

Nearest  the  following  species  from  which  it  differs  by  the  lighter 
head  and  palpi  and  by  the  absence  of  deep  ochreous  markings  on 
the  fold. 

Hysterosia  baracana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  ochreous,  shaded  externally  with  black.  Face  and  head  ochre- 
ous brown,  the  face  rather  darker  than  the  top  of  the  head.  Thorax  dark 
fuscous  with  small  ochreous  posterior  tuft.  Fore  wings  with  the  ochreous 
white  ground  color,  nearly  completely  obscured  by  dark  fuscous  black  and 
deep  ochreous  scales.  Costal  edge  blackish  with  three  pairs  of  small  indis- 
tinct ochreous  streaks  on  the  outer  half.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  small 
round  black  dot,  surrounded  by  light  ochreous  scales;  beyond  it  is  faintly 
indicated  the  usual  small  transverse  dark  shade,  followed  by  a  blackish 
streak  across  the  tip  of  the  wing.  On  the  disc  and  along  the  fold  are  several 
small  ill-defined  deep  ochreous  spots  and  single  scales  of  the  same  color  are 
sprinkled  on  the  dorsal  part  of  the  wing  below  the  fold.  Hind  wings  light 
fuscous  above  and  below  with  merely  a  trace  of  darker  striation  on  the  under 
side.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  with  ochreous  anal  tuft.  Anterior  legs  blackish ; 
posterior  legs  ochreous  with  blackish  spurs. 


34  JOURNAL   NEW   YORK  ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

Alar  expanse:  16-17  mm. 

Habitat:  St.  Louis,   Missouri   (McElhose,   Busck). 
•  Type:  U.  vS.  N.  M.,  No.  10243. 

The  tufted  thorax  and  the  ochreous  markings  on  the  fold  of 
the  fore  wings  distinguish  this  species  from  its  alUes. 

Hysterosia  villana.  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  ochreous  with  under  side  and  tip  black.  Face,  head  and  thorax 
ochreous.  Fore  wings  clear  straw-yellow  with  blackish  fuscous  markings 
and  slightly  suffused  in  irregular  spots  with  deeper  ochreous.  Base  of  costa 
blackish.  A  basal  patch  of  unmottled  yellowreaches  further  out  on  the  costal 
edge  than  on  the  dorsal  edge,  and  is  limited  by  a  large  ill-defined  dark  suf- 
fused patch,  running  obliquely  across  the  wing,  though  not  reaching  the  costal 
edge.  Beyond  this  central  patch  is  a  narrow,  nearly  unmottled  light  space 
across  the  wing,  limiting  the  dark  mottled  apical  part  of  the  wing  in  an  in- 
wardly angulated  line  from  tornus  to  apical  third  of  costal  edge.  At  the  end 
of  the  cell  is  a  blackish  dot,  connected  with  dark  apical  part  by  some  dark 
fuscous  scales.  Hind  wings  light  silvery  fuscous  on  the  upper  side;  under 
side  slightly  mottled  with  dark  transverse  striation.  Abdomen  and  legs 
ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:  19-21  mm. 

Habitat:  Denver,  Colorado  (Oslar). 

Type:  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  10244. 

This  species  approaches  in  color  aureoalbida,  Walsingham,  but 
belongs  rather  together  with  the  dark  species  described  in  the 
present  paper. 

Hysterosia  inopiana  Haworth. 

There  is  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  a  single  specimen 
collected  in  California  by  Lord  Walsingham,  and  determined  as 
this  species  by  him.  From  the  comparison  of  this  specimen  with 
European  specimens  I  am  unwilHng  to  pronounce  on  their  identity 
.but  I  am  incined  to  regard  the  record  from  this  country  as  doubt- 
ful. 

Genus  CARPOSINA  Herrich-Schaffer. 

This  remarkable  genus  was  defined,  naturally  rather  incom- 
pletely, as  a  Tineid  genus  by  Herrich-Schaffer  in  his  "Syst.  Bear, 
der  Schmetterlinge  von  Europa,"  vol.  v.,  p.  38,  1853,  and  has  not, 
as  far  as  I  am  aware,  been  adequately  characterized  in  print 
since.  It  has  the  following  characters:  Labial  palpi  in  the  female 
very  long,  straight,  porrected;  second  joint  thickened  with  short 


March,  1907.  BUSCK:  REVIEW   OF  PHALONIIN^.  35 

brushes  above  and  below,  terminal  joint  rather  long,  plainly 
visible  beyond  the  hairs  of  the  second  joint ;  in  the  male  the  palpi 
are  much  shorter  and  strongly  upward  curved,  second  joint  with 
thick  short  brush  above  and  beneath,  terminal  joint  short,  erect 
and  clothed  with  scales,  so  as  to  appear  as  broad  as  long  and  nearlv 
square.  Antennae  in  the  female  simple,  shortly  ciUate;  in  the 
male  with  enlarged  basal  joint  and  long  (2-3)  ciliation.  Ocelli 
obsolete.  Thorax  smooth.  Fore  wings  narrow,  elongate;  apex 
pointed;  termen  very  oblique;  with  raised  scale  tufts;  12  veins, 
all  separate;  2,  3,  4  and  5  approximate  from  lower  corner  of  cell; 
7  to  termen.  /  Hind  wings  broader  than  the  fore  wing,  with  well 
developed  pecten  on  lower  median  vein;  costa  nearlv  straight; 
termen  strongly  oblique,  straight  or  subsinuate;  dorsal  edge 
rounded;  6  veins;  veins  4  and  6  obsolete  (coincident  with  3  and 
7);  3  and  5  approximate  or  connate;  7  to  apex.  Posterior  tibiae 
hairy. 

The  known  larvae  of  this  genus  feed  in  the  seeds  of  fruits  and 
pupate  in  the  ground  in  a  cocoon,  made  of  silk  and  particles  of 
earth.  The  Japanese  species  Carposina  sasaki  Matsumura*  is  an 
important  enemy  of  the  peach  crop  of  the  country!. 

The  genus  belongs  to  a  very  abnormal  group  of  the  subfamily 
Phaloniin<E  together  with  one  Japanese  genus  Propedesis  Wal- 
singhaml  and  three  Australian  genera  Paramorpka  Mevrick, 
Oi'stophora  Meyrick,  and  Coscinoptycha  Meyrick.j  all  having  the 
characteristic  reduction  of  veins  in  the  hind  wings  and  all  with 
a  peculiar  general  habitus  abnormal  within  the  family,  due  to 
their  narrow,  tufted  fore  wings  and  the  unusual  palpi. 

The  group  might  with  propriety  be  given  separate  subfamily 
rank,  with  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  veins  and  the  hairy 
lower  median  vein  as  distinctive  characters. 

*Entom.  Nachricht.  xxvi,  p.  198,  1900. 

fThis  is  theCarpocapsa  persicae  Sasaki,  mentioned  in  "Insect  Life"  (vol.11, 
pp.  24,  65;  IV,  p.  341).  This  species,  of  which  specimens  from  Prof.  Sasaki 
are  in  the  National  Museum,  appears  to  be  quite  variable  and  I  would  suggest 
the  probability  of  its  identity  with  Carposina  niponensis  Walsingham  (Ann. 
and  Mag.  N.  H.  vi,  p.  121,  1900). 

J  Ann.  and  Mag.  N.  H.  vi.,  p.  122,  1900. 

§Proc.  Linn.  See.  N.  S.  Wales,  vi.,  p.  693,  1881. 


36  JOURNAL   NEW   YORK   ENTOMOLOGICAL  SOCIETY.     [Vol.  XV. 

Meyrick's  interpretation  of  the  venation  of  his  AustraHan 
genera  is  very  singular  and  I  venture  to  beheve  that  he  would  now 
analyze  it  otherwise  and  in  conformity  with  the  above. 

One  of  the  American  species,  Carposina  crescentella  Walsingham, 
has  veins  3  and  5  separate  in  the  hind  wings,  while  the  type  of  the 
genus  and  the  other  known  species  have  these  veins  connate; 
but  the  characters  are  in  all  other  respects  identical  and  I  do  not 
believe  the  difference  is  of  more  than  specific  value  in  this  group. 

The  two  American  species  at  present  named  may  be  separated 

thus: 

With  white  dark-margined  crescent-shaped  mark  at  end  of  cell .  .  crescentella 
Without  such  mark;  wings  much  broader fernaldana 

Carposina  crescentella  Walsingham. 

Carposina  crescentella,  Walsingham,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  x.,  p.  189,  1882-; 
Dyar,  List.  N.  Am.  Lep.,  No.  5475,  1903. 

In  U.  S-  National  Museum  are  specimens  of  this  easily  recog- 
nized species  from  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (Merrick)  and  from  Ottawa, 
Canada  (C  H.  Young). 

Carposina  fernaldana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  in  the  male  blackish  with  inner  side  and  tip  of  terminal  joint 
dirty  white;  in  the  female  they  are  black  with  upper  tuft  on  second  joint  and 
tip  of  terminal  joint  dirty  white.  Face,  head  and  thorax  whitish,  sprinkled 
with  light  fuscous.  Fore  wings  whitish,  liberally  sprinkled  with  light  ochreous 
fuscous;  basal  third  of  costal  edge  black,  followed  by  equidistant,  rather  ill- 
defined,  black  spots  on  the  entire  costal  edge  and  around  apex  to  tornus. 
Reaching  from  the  middle  of  costal  edge  to  apical  third  is  a  black,  more  or  less 
interrupted,  crescent-formed  marking,  the  most  persistent  part  of  which  is 
two  short  longitudinal  black  lines  just  above  the  cell  ending  in  a  scale  tuft; 
other  tufts  of  raised  scales  are  found  on  the  middle  of  the  cell,  just  below  the 
end  of  the  cell  and  below  the  fold.  Hind  wings  whitish  fuscous;  abdomen, 
light  fuscous.  Legs,  black  exteriorly,  shining  ochreous  white  on  the  inner 
side;  tarsal  joints  with  indistinct  darker  annulations. 

Alar  expanse:  15-20  mm.  (the  males  being  the  larger). 

Habitat:  Plummers  Island,  Maryland  (Busck) ;  Oak  Station, 
Pa.  (Marhoff);  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (Merrick);  St.  IvOuis,  Mo. 
(McElhose,  Busck) ;  Chicago,  111.  (Kwiat). 

Type:    d'  and   9   U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  10245. 

I  take  pleasure  in  naming  this  very  distinct  and  pretty  species 
in  honor  of  the  American  authority  in  this  family,  my  esteemed 
friend,  Professor  C.  H.  Fernald. 


March,  1907.]       GrINNELL  &  GrINNELL:     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  37 


THE  BUTTERFLIES    OF    THE    SAN   BERNARDINO 
MOUNTAINS,    CALIFORNIA. 

By  Joseph  Grinnell  and  Fordyce  Grinnell,  Jr., 
Pasadena,  Calif. 

Three  summer  months  in  1905  and  two  in  1906  were  spent  by  the 
senior  author  in  natural  history  field-work  in  the  San  Bernardino 
Mountains,  California.  Although  attention  was  paid  more  particu- 
larly to  vertebrates,  many  insects  were  obtained,  and  of  these  nearly 
1000  Lepidoptera  were  secured,  representative  of  the  51  species  of 
butterflies  enumerated  in  the  present  paper,  besides  a  number  of  moths. 
The  majority  were  taken  about  the  head  of  the  Santa  Ana  River,  at 
elevations  ranging  from  5,000  to  8,500  feet. 

During  the  season  of  1906  Hilda  Wood  Grinnell  was  most  active 
with  the  net,  and  several  of  the  rarities  were  discovered  through  her 
continued  watchfulness.  Although  we  were  not  inclined  to  collect 
vast  series  (in  fact  our  time  had  to  be  apportioned  among  several 
subjects),  yet  we  were  always  on  the  lookout  for  things  not  previously 
collected. 

We  were  especially  interested  in  noting  the  zonal  ranges  of  certain 
butterflies  which  seemed  to  be  as  sharply  limited  as  some  birds  and 
mammals.  And,  as  with  the  latter,  certain  other  butterflies  seemed  to 
be  spread  broadcast,  indifferently.  But  here  it  must  be  kept  in  mind 
that  while  imagines  may  range  extensively,  vertically  as  well  as  hori- 
zontally, the  larvae  may  feed  exclusively  on  certain  plants  which  are 
of  very  limited  range.  As  with  birds,  it  is  the  breeding  range  we 
should  try  to  determine,  though  this  is  most  difficult. 

The  life  zones  represented  on  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains 
within  the  region  worked  include  the  Upper  Austral,  Lower  Transi- 
tion, Upper  Transition,  Canadian  and  Hudsonian.  Each  of  these 
possesses  many  restricted  and  characteristic  plants  and  animals.  Nat- 
urally the  former  are  most  serviceable  as  earmarks. 

The  Upper  Austral,  which  completely  encircles  this  mountain 
group,  the  higher  zones  being  arranged  more  or  less  concentrically 
within,  is  represented  on  the  two  slopes  by  remarkably  different  divi- 
sions or  faunae.  It  is  characterized  on  the  Pacific  side  by  the  scrub 
oak  (^Quercus  dumosa),  grease-wood  i^Adenostoma  fasciculatuni),  and 


38  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Societv.       [Voi.  xv 

several  species  of  nianzanita  and  Ceanothus  ;  and  on  the  desert  side  by 
the  pinyon  (^Pinus  7tionophylla)  and  sage  {^Artemisia  tridentata) ,  the 
latter  also  running  up  into  Transition  in  places.  (Of  course  there  are 
many  other  good  zone  plants  besides  those  mentioned  here.)  As  is 
the  case  with  the  other  zones,  the  Upper  Austral  is  very  variable  in 
altitudinal  extent,  this  being  dependent  upon  slope  exposure,  air- 
currents  and  other  factors.  For  further  information  along  this  line 
of  investigation,  we  would  refer  the  enquirer  to  an  excellent  paper  by 
H.  M.  Hall,  entitled  ''  A  Botanical  Survey  of  San  Jacinto  Mountain  " 
(Univ.  of  Calif.  Pub.;  Botany,  Vol.  I;  pp.  1-140,  Pis.  1-14  ;  June, 
1902). 

The  Lower  Transition  is  the  most  extensive  of  the  zones,  covering 
a  large  very  irregular  area  which  interdigitates  with  the  Upper  Austral 
below,  and  merges  above  into  the  Upper  Transition — wherever  the 
latter  occurs.  It  is  the  chief  timber  belt  of  the  mountains  and  is  occu- 
pied by  the  more  or  less  open  forests  of  yellow  and  Jeffrey  pines 
i^Pinus  ponder osa  and  P.  Jefffeyi),  incense  cedar  (^Libocednis  decur- 
rens'),  and  golden  and  black  oaks  {^Quercus  chrysolepis  and  Q. 
alifornica  ) . 

The  Upper  Transition  zone  is  chiefly  recognizable  by  the  prevail- 
ing presence  of  the  white  fir  (^Abies  concolor  lowland),  a  buckthorn 
(Ccanol/ii/s  cordiilatus)  and  a  manzanita  {^Arctostaphylos  paliila'). 
From  the  Transition  the  Canadian  zone  is  usually  very  abruptly  marked 
off.  One  passes,  within  a  few  hundred  feet,  from  the  tall  firs  and 
pines  of  the  former  into  the  timber  of  lesser  stature  composed  entirely 
of  the  tamarack  or  Murray  pine  (Plnns  n/i/rrayana).  The  under- 
brush of  the  Canadian,  where  there  is  any,  consists  of  the  chinquapin 
(^Castanopsls  senipervlrens),  while  one  notices  among  flowers  Pentste- 
mon  cceslus)  as  peculiar. 

Above,  the  Canadian  tamaracks  become  replaced  more  gradually 
by  the  more  or  less  stunted  limber  pines  {Plni/s  flexllls)  characteristic 
of  the  Hudsonian  zone,  where  we  also  found  exclusively  certain 
flowers,  such  as  Spraguea  iimbellata,  Bryanthus  breiverl  and  Ramincu- 
us  eschscholtzl.  This  zone  is  t  he  most  restricted  one,  occurring  only 
along  the  crest  of  the  lofty  range  just  south  of  the  upper  Santa  Ana 
and  marked  at  the  west  end  by  San  Bernardino  Peak  (10,060  feet) 
and  at  the  east  end  by  San  Gorgonio  Peak,  the  highest  mountain  of 
southern  California  (11,485  feet). 

Butterflies  were  observed  in  the  Hudsonian  zone,  but  we  found  no 


March,  1907.]       GrINNELL  &  GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  39 

species  there  that  we  failed  to  find  lower.  In  the  Canadian  zone  the 
Murray  pine  woods  were  almost  destitute  of  day-flying  Lepidoptera, 
but  the  grassy  cienegas,  such  as  those  at  the  headwaters  of  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Santa  Ana,  were  well  populated.  Here,  at  an  altitude  of 
8,000  to  9,000  feet,  flying  over  the  brilliantly  green  meadows  dotted 
with  lilac-colored  shooting-stars  {Dodecatheon  alpimim^  and  white 
violets  (  Viola  blanda)  were  found  large  numbers  of  the  newly-named 
Cupido  hilda.  This  blue  seemed  to  be  characteristic  of  the  Canadian 
zone,  and  even  though  the  mornings  of  the  last  week  in  June,  1905, 
when  we  were  camped  at  one  of  the  upper  cienegas,  were  to  us  un- 
pleasantly frosty,  an  hour  or  two's  sunshine  brought  them  out  in 
swarms.  We  found  this  species  also  down  well  into  Transition  along 
cool  canyon  beds,  but  only  sparingly.  A  number  of  lower-zone  but- 
terflies also  flew  about  these  Canadian  cienegas,  such  as  Euvanessa 
antiopa,  Aglais  milberti  and  Lemonias  augusta. 

In  Upper  Transition,  by  far  the  most  abundant  species  of  butter- 
fly, and  one  invading  but  rarely  above  or  below,  was  the  San  Bernardino 
checker,  Lemonias  augusta.  This  species  was  abundant  in  June 
(especially  of  1905)  about  the  blossoming  buckthorn  bushes. 

In  the  Lower  Transition,  where,  because  of  its  great  area,  we  spent 
most  of  our  time,  a  great  many  butterflies  were  met  with  that  were  not 
seen  elsewhere,  and  may  have  been  exclusive  inhabitants  of  this  zone. 
But  here  we  are  unusually  liable  to  error,  in  making  too  general  state- 
ments as  to  distribution  ;  for  the  Upper  Austral  was  not  as  thoroughly 
worked,  and  may  have  yielded  many  of  the  same  species.  We  will, 
therefore,  in  the  list  beyond  offer  whatever  distributional  data  we  took 
in  more  or  less  detail,  leaving  generalizations  until  the  surrounding 
country  has  been  more  thoroughly  surveyed. 

We  must  emphasize  the  extreme  value  in  systematic  lepidopter- 
ology  of  recording  exact  locality,  just  as  in  the  study  of  birds  or  mam- 
mals or  any  other  group  of  living  things.  The  greater  portion  of  our 
literature  on  west  American  butterflies  is  sadly  neglectful  of  this  prin- 
ciple. Such  locality-assignments  as  "California,"  "southern  Cali- 
fornia, "  "  interior  valleys, ' '  or  even  ' '  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains, ' ' 
are  almost  meaningless,  and  should  be  avoided  as  the  plague  where 
anything  better  can  be  offered  — and  a  specimen,  the  exact  locality  of 
which  is  unknown,  should  not  be  mentioned  in  print,  at  least  from  a 
zoo-geographic  standpoint  !  Especially  should  a  species  never  be 
described  without  a  statement  of  the  precise  type  locality.     For  the 


40  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoI.  xv. 

habitat  of  a  species  is  responsible  for  its  characters,  and  the  more 
minute  the  distinguishing  features,  the  more  necessary  is  a  knowledge 
of  locality-conditions  and  range. 

1.  Papilio  rutulus  Boisduval. 

This  was  a  plentiful  species  in  the  well-watered  canyons  of  the 
Pacific  slope  of  the  mountains  below  6,000  feet  altitude.  It  was  noted 
in  Mill  Creek  and  Mountain  Home  Canyons  in  June,  and  all  along 
the  Santa  Ana  up  to  within  a  mile  of  Big  Meadows,  6,700  feet,  from 
June  10  to  August  5.  The  follovving  examples  were  preserved  :  Fish 
Creek,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Santa  Ana,  6,500  feet  altitude,  June 
•20,  T  d",  June  26,  I  c?^,  July  3,  1  $,2  d'd,  July  5,  i  $  ;  near  junc- 
ture of  South  Fork  with  Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  2,  2  c?d^ ;  Seven 
Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  i  c?- 

2.  Papilio  zolicaon  Boisduval. 

This  seemed  to  be  a  rare  swallow-tail  in  the  region  worked,  for 
only  one  example  was  encountered.  This  was  on  the  Santa  Ana  at 
about  6,100  feet  elevation,  August  4,  1906. 

3.  Papilio  asterioides  Reakirt. 

This  almost  black  swallow-tail  proved  to  be  most  common  in  the 
Lower  Transition  sage  belt  along  the  upper  Santa  Ana,  above  6,000 
feet.  It  is  a  strong  flyer  and  wandering  individuals  were  met  with  up 
through  the  black  oak  belt  towards  San  Gorgonio  Peak.  One  was 
even  seen  flying  over  the  triangulation  station  on  the  very  summit  of 
San  Bernardino  Peak,  10,060  feet,  July  12,  1905. 

This  species,  often  supposed  to  be  identical  with  indra  of  Reakirt, 
is  unquestionably  distinct.  It  has  been  correctly  described  and  figured 
in  Wright's  recent  book,  only  the  specimens  figured  there  are  poor  and 
not  quite  representative  of  the  average  characters  of  the  species.  The 
(S'  of  asterioides  approaches  pergamus  quite  closely.  The  female  seems 
to  be  very  variable,  one  example  approaching  uniform  blackness. 
Specimens  taken:  Santa  Ana  Canyon,  6,100  feet,  July  25,  i  ?, 
6,500  feet,  July  27,  i  $  ;  South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  26, 
I  9  ;  Lost  Creek,  6,400  feet,  July  31,  i  ?  ;  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet, 
June  20,  2  ?  ?,  I  cT  ;  same,  6,700  feet,  June  11,  1  (^. 

4.  Pontia  occiden talis  (Reakirt)  Scudder. 

One  example  from  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  1905,  J*. 

5.  Pontia  protodice  (Boisduval  &  Le  Conte)  Scudder. 

A  fairly  common  species  along  the  hotter  north  side  of  the  Santa 


March,  1907.]       GrINNELL  &  GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIFS.  41 

Ana  in  the  Upper  Austral  and  Lower  Transition  zones.  Noted  from 
Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  nearly  to  Big  Meadows,  6,700  feet.  Two 
specimens:  Santa  Ana,  opposite  mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet, 
June  19,  J",  July  5,   ?. 

6.  Pontia  rapae  (Linnaeus)  Scudder. 

One  example  —  Santa  Ana  near  mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  July  5,   ?. 

7.  Nathalis  iole  Boisduval. 

This  was  a  common  species  in  warm  open  stretches  along  the  upper 
Santa  Ana.  It  was  not  seen  outside  of  the  belt  of  sage  {Artemisia 
tridentata)  among  the  clumps  of  which  it  was  difficult  to  see  when  in 
flight.  It  seems  to  be  a  local  butterfly  everywhere,  and  somewhat 
erratic  in  times  of  appearance.  Examples  obtained  :  Santa  Ana,  oppo- 
site mouth  of  South  Fork,  6,200  feet,  July  2,  i  r?  ;  Santa  Ana,  oppo- 
site mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  20,  22  and  26,  3  d^cf  ; 
same,  July  5,  2  S'S' ;  Fish  Creek,  7,000  feet,  June  17,  i  c?. 

8.  Callidryas  eubule  (Linnaeus)  Boisduval  &  Le  Conte. 

Detected  but  once  —  a  d^  taken  on  the  Santa  Ana  near  the  mouth 
of  Fish  Creek,  6,500,  feet,  June  23,  1905.  It  is  rather  surprising  to 
find  this  species  at  such  an  altitude  ;  for  it  is  ordinarily  noted  chiefly 
around  parks  and  gardens  in  the  thickly  settled  and  cultivated  valleys 
of  southern  California. 
g.  Synchloe  sara  (Boisduval)  Scudder, 

One  specimen  —  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  19,  d^. 

10.  Zerene  eurydice  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

This  was  a  common  and  conspicuous  species  about  the  head  of  the 
Santa  Ana,  ranging  up  through  Upper  Transition.  A  shrub  growing 
abundantly  in  the  black  oak  belt  {Amorpha  califoniica^  was  particu- 
larly attractive  to  the  9  ?  ;  while  the  cJ*d^  congregated  on  clover 
patches  and  wet  sand  along  the  streams,  sometimes  as  many  as  five 
alighted  or  fluttering  close  together.  Two  of  the  9  ?  secured  are  of 
the  so-called  "variety  amorphce''''  which  is  very  obviously  but  an  in- 
individual  variant  of  eurydice.  Twelve  specimens:  Fish  Creek, 
6,500  feet,  July  5,  10  and  23,  i  d^,  3  $  9  ;  same,  7,000  feet,  June 
30,  2  9  9;  South  Fork,  Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  2,  2  d^c?  ;  same, 
6,400  feet,  July  20,  2  9  9;  same,  7,500  feet,  i  9  ;  Seven  Oaks,  5,100 
feet,  June  27,  i   9 . 

11.  Eurymus  eurytheme  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

A  common  species  on  cienegas  and  in  open  woods  up  through 


42  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      fVoi.  xv. 

Transition.  The  last  of  July  large  numbers  appeared  about  a  flower- 
ing pennyroyal  (^Monardella  lanceolata),  and  many  were  migrating  up 
the  Santa  Ana  low  among  the  brush  clumps.  Series  secured  :  Fish 
Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  23  and  30,  3?  ?  ;  same  July  5,  i  cJ*  ;  Lost 
Creek,  6,400  feet,  July  31,  i  $  (an  albino)  ;  South  Fork  Santa  Ana, 
6,200  feet,  July  2,  i  c?,  i  ?  ;  south  slope  Sugarloaf,  6,700  feet,  July 
22,  2  d^c?  ;  Seven  Oaks,  July  7  and  9,  3  cf  d^ ;  Bluff  Lake,  6,500  feet, 
July  17,  21  and  28,  3  ?  $. 

12.  Eurema  nicippe  (Cramer)  Hiibner. 

Several  examples  of  this  species  were  seen  along  the  Santa  Ana  in . 
the  vicinity  of  Seven  Oaks  early  in  July,  when  a  S  was  taken  on  the 
7th  at  about  5,000  feet  altitude. 

13.  Argynnis  semiramis  Edwards. 

Perhaps  the  most  abundantly  represented  species  of  the  region. 
Its  center  of  abundance  was  plainly  the  Lower  Transition  zone  where 
it  began  to  be  common  the  last  week  of  June.  By  July  20  most  indi- 
viduals were  faded  and  battered,  this  process  being  no  doubt  helped 
along  by  the  frequent  thunder-showers  often  accompanied  by  sleet  or 
hail.  This  butterfly  was  very  active  on  warm  days,  and  could  only  be 
caught  with  ease  when  feeding  on  its  chosen  flowers.  These  included 
the  thistle  (^Carduus  ber?iardinus'),  yerba  santa  {^Eriodictyon  tricho- 
calyx)  and  pennyroyal  {^Monardella  lanceolata).  As  somewhere  in 
the  San  Bernardino  Mountains  was  the  type-locality  of  Argynnis 
semiramis,  we  secured  specimens  whenever  opportunity  afforded,  with 
the  following  results:  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  2  cf  c?  ;  South 
Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200-6,400  feet,  June  30-July  25,  14  d'd'  ',  Fish 
Creek,  7,000  feet,  June  30,  5  cJ'c?,  3  ?  ?  :  Santa  Ana,  6,500  feet, 
July  25,  I  cf,  I   9. 

14.  Lemonias  augusta  (Edwards)  Dyar. 

This  very  distinct  but  local  species  proved  very  numerous,  especi- 
ally in  June,  1905,  in  the  Upper  Transition  zone,  where  the  blossom- 
ing buckthorn  {^Ceanothus  cordulatus)  constituted  the  chief  attraction. 
Fresh,  bright  individuals  began  to  appear  in  numbers  by  June  15  and 
by  the  last  of  the  same  month  most  examples  looked  pretty  well 
battered.  The  series  secured  shows  remarkable  constancy  of  char- 
acters making  this  species  one  of  the  best-marked  of  the  genus. 
Although  in  our  experience  chiefly  confined  to  Upper  Transition,  yet 
suitable  attractions  brought  individuals  somewhat  higher  or  lower,  at 


March,  1907]       GrINNELL  &  GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  43 

least  temporarily.  For  instance  near  the  summit  of  San  Bernardino 
Peak,  10,000  feet,  July  12,  1905,  several  were  flying  about  a  flower 
growing  profusely  close  to  the  ground  in  sunny  places  (^Spraguea 
utnbellata).  Twenty-nine  specimens  saved:  South  Fork  Santa  Aan, 
7,500-8,500  feet,  June  27  and  28,  22  S'S',  3  99;  Fish  Creek 
6,500  feet,  June  15  and  19,  2  d^cJ* ;  Lost  Creek,  6,300  feet,  June  30, 
I  cJ^ ;  Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  i,  i   9. 

15.  Phyciodes  mylitta  Edwards, 

Noted  but  sparingly:  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  i  d^ ;  South 
Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  2,  i  c?,  i  ?  ;  Bluff"  Lake,  7,500 
feet,  July  18,  i  c^. 

16.  Polygonia  satyrus  (Edwards)  Scudder. 

A  {^^N  seen  about  nettle  patches  in  the  shade  of  the  alders  along 
the  Santa  Ana  in  the  vicinity  of  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  where  a  9 
was  obtained  July  7,  1905. 

17.  Eugonia  calif ornica  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

Two  or  three  examples  were  seen  around  a  cienega  at  8,500  feet 
elevation  near  the  head  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Santa  Ana.  One 
example,  a  9,  was  secured  June  28,  1905. 

18.  Aglais  milberti  (Godart)  Scudder. 

One  specimen  :   South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  8,500  feet,  June  29,  c?. 

19.  Euvanessa  antiopa  (LinnaBUs)  Scudder. 

Met  with  frequently  along  canyons  and  about  clumps  of  rank 
herbage  on  mountain  sides  almost  irrespective  of  altitude.  Fish  Creek, 
6,500  feet,  June  19  and  20,  3  cfd^ ;  cienega  near  head  of  South  Fork 
Santa  Ana,  8,000  feet,  June  28,  2  d^cf. 

20.  Vanessa  huntera  (Fabricius)  Hiibner. 

This  species  suddenly  appeared  about  the  20th  of  July,  1906, 
along  the  Upper  Santa  Ana,  6,200-6,700  feet.  Specimens  were 
bright  and  unworn,  doubtless  bred  in  the  near  vicinity.  A  c?  was 
taken  on  July  22  and  a  9  on  the  25th. 

21.  Vanessa  cardui  (Linnaeus)  Ochsenheimer. 

Fairly  common  along  the  Santa  Ana  up  through  Lower  Transition, 
but,  interestingly  enough,  not  far  away  from  the  white-flowered  yerba 
santa  {^Eriodictyon  trichocalyx).  Three  males  secured:  South  Fork 
Santa  Ana,  6,700  feet,  July  25  ;  south  slope  of  Sugarloaf,  6,700  feet, 
July  22  ;   Santa  Ana,  6,500  feet,  July  25. 

22.  Vanessa  carye  (Hiibner)  Hiibner. 

Seen  only  in  the  vicinity  of  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  where  a  few 
frequented  the  open  places  about  the  buildings. 


44  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

23.  Junonia  coenia  Hiibner. 

This  species,  like  Eiivanessa  anfiopa,  ranged  almost  everywhere, 
though,  unlike  the  latter,  preferring  dry  open  intervals  between 
bushes  or  tree-clumps.  It  was  seen  over  on  the  desert  slopes  of  the 
mountains  (Doble,  Cactus  Flat,  etc.),  as  well  as  on  the  Pacific  side 
where  the  following  specimens  were  taken:  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet, 
June  19-July  5,  4  c?c?,  3  ?  9  ;  South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200-8,500 
feet,  June  28-July  20,  4  cfc?,  i   9  ;  Seven  Oaks,  July  7,  3  cJ'cT- 

24.  Basilarchia  lorquini  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

One  specimen:   Fish  Creek,  6,600  feet,  June  29,  1906,  ^. 

25.  Limenitis  californica  (Butler)  Edwards. 

This  handsome  butterfly  was  seldom  seen  away  from  the  golden 
oak  (^Qiiercus  clirysolepis).  None  were  seen  above  Lower  Transition. 
It  was  a  common  species  in  the  vicinity  of  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet, 
and  below.  Two  examples,  both  ^(^,  were  secured  on  the  upper 
Santa  Ana,  6,200  feet,  July  i  ;  and  two  (^(^  and  $  $,  brand  new,  in 
perfect  condition  were  taken  July  22  in  a  tongue  of  golden  oaks  which 
extend  up  across  the  south  face  of  Sugarloaf,  6,700-7,500  feet. 

26.  Cercyonis  paulus  (Edwards)  Dyar. 

This  identification  for  the  "  satyrids  "  obtained  in  the  San  Ber- 
nardino mountains  is  not  satisfactory.  The  group  needs  thorough 
overhauling,  with  large  series  from  numerous  localities  to  work  from. 
The  species,  whatever  name  it  should  bear,  proved  to  be  abundant  in 
the  Lower  Transition  zone,  especially  in  this  belt  of  black  oaks  {Qiter- 
ciis  californica^  which  extends  over  the  gentle  slope  on  the  south  side 
of  the  upper  Santa  Ana.  It  was  not  noted  above  the  belt,  but  was 
seen  down  into  the  upper  Austral  scrub-oak  belt  north  of  Seven  Oaks, 
5,100  feet.  Although  the  flight  of  this  butterfly  is  the  usual  slow, 
languid  perambulation  so  characteristic  of  the  family  we  found  it  often 
surprisingly  difficult  to  capture,  possibly  because  we  failed  to  put  the 
same  dexterity  and  energy  into  its  pursuit  that  we  devoted  to  the 
more  swift  and  agile  species.  Cercyonis  seems  to  ignore  the  presence 
of  any  sort  of  flowers,  and  affects  dry  leaf-strewn  ground  under  bushes, 
and  trees.  Out  of  25  specimens  there  was  but  one  9  •  South  Fork, 
Santa  Ana,  6,200-6,500  feet,  July  1-26,  22  J^J^,  19  ;  Fish  Creek, 
6,500  feet,  July  5,  i  J^ ;  Santa  Ana,  6,100  feet,  July  20,  i  (^  ;  south 
slope  Sugarloaf,  6,700  feet,  July  22,  i  rj*. 

27.  Anosia  plexippus  ^ Linnaeus)  Scudder. 

None  taken,  but  seen  several  times  in  July,  1906,  along  the  Santa 


March,  1907.]       GrINNELL  &   GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  45 

Ana  at  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  and  up  to  6,200  feet,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  South  Fork. 

28.  Anosia  strigosa  (Bates)  Scudder. 

This  species  was  seen  about  thistles  at  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  the 
first  week  in  July.  At  Cushenbury  Springs,  4,000  feet,  on  the  desert 
edge  of  the  mountains,  a  pair  in  copulation  was  secured  on  August  10, 
1905. 

29.  Chrysobia  virgulti  (Behr)  Scudder. 

But  one  specimen  :    (^,  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  20,  1905. 

30.  Atlides  halesus  (Cramer)  Hiibner. 

This  gorgeous  species  of  ''  T/iec/a"  was  encountered  but  once, 
August  14,  1905,  on  the  desert  side  of  the  mountains.  It  was  along 
the  road  leading  up  the  steep,  rocky  canyon  from  Cushenbury  Springs 
to  Cactus  Flat,  at  about  5,500  feet  altitude.  The  day  was  particularly 
hot  and  glary,  even  for  this  semi-desert  region.  Several  examples  of 
Altides  were  seen  along  the  road,  alighting  on  Chrysothamnus  bushes 
or  flying  among  the  dwarfed  golden  oaks.  One  perfect  (^  was  cap- 
tured with  a  hat. 

31.  Uranotes  melinus  (Hiibner)  Scudder. 

This  species  was  found  in  brushy  places  up  through  Lower  Transi- 
tion, and  proved  to  be  the  commonest  '' theclid  "  of  the  region. 
Fish  Creek,  6,500-7,000  feet,  June  30-July  5,  4  d^c?,  i  9  ;  South 
Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200-7,000  feet,  June  27-July  2,  3  d^cT  ;  hillside 
near  confluence  of  Bear  Creek  and  Santa  Ana,  about  4,500  feet,  one 
example,  June  12. 

32.  Thecla  dryope  Edwards. 

One  specimen  :  ?,  South  Fork  Santa  Ana  (at  mouth),  6,200 
feet,  July  2,  1906. 

33.  Thecla  spinetorum  Boisduval. 

But  two  examples  of  this  rare  species  were  secured,  both  near  the 
mouth  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Santa  Ana:  a  d^  July  2,  1906,  at 
6,200  feet,  and  a  $  July  20,  1906,  at  6,400  feet  altitude.  There 
seems  to  be  some  confusion  in  regard  to  this  species.  The  examples 
figured  as  this  species  in  Wright's  book  are  different  from  ours  and 
are  with  much  probability  the  Thecla  johnsoni  Skinner,  described  from 
Washington.  Mr.  Herr  took  specimens  of  spinetoriim,  or  something 
like  it,  on  the  desert  side  of  San  Jacinto  Mountain  several  years  ago. 

34.  Incisalia  eryphon  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

One  specimen  :    cJ*,  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  22,  1906  ;   caught 


46  Journal  New  York  Entomological   Society.     [Voi..  xv. 

on  patch  of  clover  (  Trifolium  wormskjoldi)  at  the  margin  of  the  stream. 
This  species  has  been  previously  found  on  the  central  Sierras  in  the 
vicinity  of  Lake  Tahoe  and  the  Yosemite  Valley.  If  this  is  a  Transi- 
tion or  Boreal  species  the  present  station  would  indicate  a  very  inter- 
esting case  of  interrupted  distribution.  Specimens  from  the  two 
regions  have  not  been  compared,  so  there  may  be  slight  differences  as 
the  result  of  the  isolation  afforded.  We  are  under  the  impression  that 
Mr.  Herr  obtained  this  or  a  closely  similar  species  on  San  Jacinto 
Peak  several  years  ago.  The  San  Bernardino  and  San  Jacinto  moun- 
tains are  only  about  fifteen  miles  apart  in  an  air  line,  but  the  deep  San 
Gorgonio  Pass  of  Lower  Austral  zone  lies  between,  which  would  seem 
to  be  a  pretty  effectual  barrier  to  small  butterflies.  Extremely  inter- 
esting results  await  the  careful  investigation  of  all  these  mountain 
groups. 

35.  Epidemia  helloides  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

Coppers  were  rare  in  the  region,  and  specimens  were  taken  only 
at  the  margin  of  the  Santa  Ana,  at  the  confluence  of  Fish  Creek  with 
it,  6,500  feet.      Here  5  males  were  secured  June  20—22,  1905. 

36.  Cupido  fuUa  (Edwards)  Scudder. 

A  fairly  common  species,  often  flying  about  a  lupine  (^Lupinus 
albicaulus'),  as  well  as  wet  sandy  stream -margins.  Fish  Creek,  6,500- 
6,700  feet,  June  13-30,  3  ??,  3  cTcJ' ;  South  Fork,  Santa  Ana, 
6,200-6,700  feet,  July  i  and  2,  4  'S'S',  2  $  $  ;  cienega  at  head  of 
South  Fork,  8,500  feet,  June  28,  i  d^. 

37.  Cupido  hilda,  new  species. 

Male.  —  Expands  25-28  mm.  Upper  sides  of  primaries  bright  blue  with  a  very 
wide  black  marginal  border,  becoming  much  broader  towards  the  costal  edge,  where 
it  occupies  about  half  the  distance  from  apex  to  discal  spot ;  discal  spot  reniform, 
black.  Secondaries  almost  entirely  blue  above,  except  for  a  narrower  marginal  black 
border,  with  a  few  black  spots  in  anal  angle.  On  the  under  sides  the  markings  of  the 
primaries  are  very  heavy  and  pronounced  :  general  color  ashy  gray ;  a  black  discal 
spot  large  and  conspicuous,  as  are  the  other  spots  ;  next  a  row  of  round  spots,  form- 
ing an  angled  semicircle  around  the  discal  spot ;  at  the  end  of  this  series  are  two 
small  black  spots  placed  close  together  and  at  right  angles  to  the  series ;  next  a  row 
of  less  distinct  spots  curved  towards  the  costa  and  with  two  small  spots  on  the  inner 
margin  at  the  end  of  the  series  ;  next  a  series  of  obscure  patches  forming  a  broken 
line ;  a  narrow  fimbriate  marginal  line.  Secondaries  below  with  very  pronounced 
spots  occupying  nearly  the  same  relative  positions  as  those  of  the  primaries,  except 
that  the  inner  three  of  the  middle  row  enclose  red  spots  and  are  sagittal  in  shape. 
Fringes  of  all  wings  white.     Body  grayish  white. 

Female.  — Expands  25-32  mm.  Upper  sides  of  primaries  blackish  brown  vary- 
ing to  red-brown ;  on  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  a  bright  band  of  red  fading  ou  bet- 


March,  1907  ]       GRINNELL  &  GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  47 

fore  it  reaches  the  costa  and  separated  from  the  outer  margin  by  ^n  equal  space  of  the 
ground  color.  On  the  hind  wings  there  is  a  similar  disposition  of  markings,  except 
that  the  bright  red  band  is  broader  and  is  separated  from  the  outer  margin  by  a  nar- 
rower area  of  the  ground  color ;  two  black  dots  in  the  angle  more  or  less  invade  the 
red  ;  this  band  does  not  quite  reach  the  costa  or  inner  margin.  Undersides  in  color 
grayish  brown ;  spots  very  pronounced  and  more  or  less  transversely  elongated  ;  two 
heavy  round  spots  between  discal  point  and  base  ;  the  arrangement  is  otherwise  the 
same  as  in  the  male.  Body  grayish- brown  inclining  to  blackish.  Fringes  grayish 
brown. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguishable  from  Cupido  dcedalus  Behr 
and  other  described  forms  by  the  bright  red  bands  of  the  upper  sides 
(in  the  $  )  which  make  a  decided  contrast  with  the  ground  color.  In 
an  occasional  specimen  the  ground  of  forewings  is  reddish  and  so 
tends  to  obliterate  the  red  band  ;  but  in  our  considerable  series  this  is 
an  exception.  The  heavy  spots  of  both  sexes  are  also  characteristic, 
as  is  also  the  deep  brown,  inclining  to  reddish,  of  the  females. 

This  is  the  same  thing  that  is  figured  in  Wright's  "  Butterflies  of 
the  West  Coast  "  as  dcBdalus,  but  Jiilda  is  easily  separable  from  dcedalus 
by  the  characters  just  indicated.  The  two  specimens  figured  by 
Wright  seem  to  be  extremes  oV  else  the  color-photography  has  not 
succeeded  in  showing  well  the  contrast  between  ground  color  and 
band. 

The  group  to  which  Cupido  hi/da  belongs  is  subject  to  great  vari- 
ation geographically,  and  has  been  neglected  unduly.  Large  series  of 
specimens  from  all  over  the  country  will  be  required  for  a  proper  study 
of  the  group. 

Types  of  the  new  species  above  described  are  retained  in  the 
Grinnell  collection.  Topotypes  will  be  deposited  in  the  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum.  The  type-locality  is  the  upper  cienega  at  the  head 
of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Santa  Ana,  at  an  elevation  of  about  8,500 
feet  (according  to  the  San  Gorgonio  Quadrangle  Topographic  Sheet, 
U.  S.  G.  S.).  Here  the  species  was  numerous  the  last  of  June  over 
the  cold  Canadian  meadows,  appearing  in  the  forenoons  after  the  sun- 
shine had  dispelled  the  frost.  Although  taken  at  lower  elevations,  the 
species  was  nowhere  else  so  well  represented.  Our  series  includes  the 
following  examples  :  Cienega  at  head  of  South  Fork  of  Santa  Ana, 
8,500  feet,  June  27  and  28,  1905,  7  cfcJ',  29  $  ?  ;  South  Fork,  6,200 
feet,  June  28-July  7,  1906,  12  cJ^cf,  5$?  ;  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet, 
June  22,  1905,  3  c?d^,  1  9  ;  Santa  Ana,  5,800  feet,  July  20,  1906,  i  9. 


48  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

38.  Rusticus  enoptes  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

Three  examples:  c?cf,  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  23,  1905. 
These  specimens  agree  with  the  figure  in  Wright's  recent  book,  and 
are  no  doubt  distinct  from  aciiion  and  other  species,  but  we  are  quite 
sure  true  enoptes  is  a  different  thing.  The  problem  remains  to  be 
worked  out. 

39.  Rusticus  acmon  (Doubleday  &  Hewiston)  Scudder. 

A  fairly  common  species  widely  distributed,  as  follows  :  Santa 
Ana,  6,200-6,500  feet,  June  19-July  26,  6  S'S',  i  ?  ;  South  Fork, 
6,400  feet,  July  20,  i  d^ ;  cienega  at  head  of  South  Fork,  8,500  feet, 
June  28,  2  c?c?  ;  cienega  on  south  slope  of  Sugarloaf,  6,700  feet,  July 
22,  I  ?. 

40.  Hemiargus  isola  (Reakirt)  Scudder. 

Two  examples:  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  23,  i  cJ* ;  South 
Fork  Santa  Ana,  7,000  feet,  June  27,  i  ?'. 

41.  Leptotes  marina  (Reakirt)  Scudder. 

Seen  sparingly  in  the  black  oak  belt,  especially  around  a  shrub 
{Amorpha  calif ornica')  occurring  only  in  that  belt.  Fish  Creek,  6,500 
feet,  June  19,  xS'  ',   South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  7^000  feet,   June  27,  irj*. 

42.  Copaeodes  Candida  Wright. 

Two  specimens:  Santa  Ana,  6,500  feet,  July  25,  1906,  ir?  ;  near 
mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  19,  1905,  i  9.  Wright  records 
this  from  the  San  Bernardino  Valley,  but  it  evidently  occurs  also  to 
quite  an  elevation  in  the  mountains. 

43.  Ochlodes  agricola  (Boisduval)  Scudder. 

Three  rj^.d^.  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  19,   1905. 

44.  Thymelicus  sylvanoides  (Boisduval)  Dyar. 

Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  18,  id^. 

45.  Erynnis  Columbia  (Scudder)  Scudder. 

This  was  by  far  the  most  abundant  skipper  in  the  region,  ranging 
up  into  the  Canadian  zone  about  cienegas.  The  greatest  numbers  ap- 
peared to  occur  in  Lower  Transition,  where  on  beds  of  clover  along 
streams  it  convened  in  the  hottest  part  of  the  day  along  with  the  blues. 
It  was  numerous  also  in  the  open  woods  of  the  black  oak  belt  flying 
about  and  alighting  upon  almost  any  sort  of  herbage.  The  thistles 
were  favored  more  than  any  other  flower,  though  yerba  santa  was  a 
close  second. 

There  is  considerable  variation  in  our  series  in  the  color  of  the 
under  sides  of  the  secondaries  and  in  size,  but  all  seem  to  belong  to  the 
same  species. 


March,  1907.]       GrINNELL  &   GrINNELL  :     CALIFORNIA  BUTTERFLIES.  49 

Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  i  ?;  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June 
22-July5,  14  d^c?,  6  ?$;  South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200-7,000  feet, 
June  30  and  July  1,10  d'd^,  5  9  ?  ;  cienega  towards  head  of  South  Fork, 
8,500  feet,  June  27,  i  9  j  cienega  on  south  slope  of  Sugarloaf,  6,700 
feet,  July  22,  1$  ;   Bluff  Lake,  7,500  feet,  July  18-21,  3  c^d^  t  ?. 

46.  Epargyreus  tityrus  (Fabricius)  Hiibner. 

This  showy  skipper  was  common  in  the  Lower  Transition  zone  to 
which  it  appeared  to  be  exclusively  confined.  The  largest  numbers 
were  obtained  around  thistles  (^Carduus  bernardimts')  in  the  black  oak 
belt.  Fifteen  examples:  Fish  Creek,  6,500-7,000  feet,  June  20-30, 
2  cfcf,  7  ?  ?  ;  South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200-6,700  feet,  July  1-24, 
3cJ^c?,  3  ??• 

47.  Thorybes  mexicana  (Herrich-Schaeffer)  Scudder. 

Four  examples:  Fish  Creek,  7,000  feet,  June  30,  i  c?*,  i  ?  ; 
South  Fork  Santa  Ana,  6,200  and  7,000  feet,  June  27  and  July  i, 
I  ?      ^. 

48.  Thanaos  funeralis  (Scudder  &  Burgess)  Dyar. 

Two  examples  ;  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  June  23,  i  9  ;  Bluff  Lake, 
7,500  feet,  July  21,  i  9. 

49.  Thanaos  tristis  Boisduval. 

This  black  skipper  occurred  in  relatively  small  numbers  up  through 
Lower  Transition.  It  was  taken  about  bare  wet  sandy  places  in  the 
canyons,  and  on  flowers  of  thistle  {^Carduus  bernardimcs^.  The  eight 
specimens  secured  agree  fairly  well  with  iristis  as  described  in  Wright's 
book,  but  are  somewhat  smaller  with  some  differences  in  the  white- 
spotting  of  the  fore  wings.  It  may  be  that  a  new  name  is  needed,  but 
we  deem  it  better  to  wait  for  a  much-needed  revision  of  this  difficult 
genus.  Fish  Creek,  7,000  feet,  June  30  and  July  5,  i  d^,  i  9  ;  South 
Fork,  6,200-6,700  feet,  June  30-July  24,  3  cJ^d^,  i9  ;  Seven  Oaks, 
5,100  feet,  July  7,  i  d^ ;   Bluff  Lake,  7,500  feet,  July  21,  i  9- 

50.  Pyrgus  montivaga  (Reakirt)  Dyar. 

Noted  commonly  only  in  the  sage  belt,  barely  into  Lower  Transi- 
tion. Its  light  color  blended  so  closely  with  the  gray  tone  of  the  sage 
{Artetnisia  tridentata)  as  to  make  it  very  difficult  to  discern  even  in 
flight.  Seven  Oaks,  5,100  feet,  July  7,  i  d^ ;  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet, 
June  19,  I  d^ ;   same,  7,000  feet,  June  30,  i  d^. 

51.  Hesperia  ericetorum  (Boisduval)  Dyar. 

But  one  specimen  :    d^,  Fish  Creek,  6,500  feet,  July  5,  1905. 


50  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    THE    LARVAE    OF    FIVE 
DOMINICAN    SPHINGIDiE. 

By  a.   Hyatt  Verrill, 
Roseau,  Dominica,  B.  W.  I. 

The  accompanying  plate  has  been  prepared  from  sketches  of 
Dominican  caterpillars  which  I  made  from  nature.  The  adults  were 
determined  by  Dr.  Dyar  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  The  follow- 
ing species  are  represented  : 

Fig.  I.   Xylophanes  tersa  Linnaeus. 

2.  Protoparce  harterti  Rothschild. 

3.  Ma  dory  X  oicliis  Cramer. 

4.  E pis  tor  h/guluis  Linnaeus. 

5.  Pholus  labrusccE  Linnaeus. 


DESCRIPTIONS    OF    NEW    AMERICAN 
LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar,  Ph.D., 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Family  PAPILIONID^. 

Papilio  belus  Cramer,  variety  ingenuus,  new. 

Fore  wing  without  spots  ;  hind  wing  above  dark-green  throughout,  the  subcostal 
spot  large,  pale  yellowish  green  ;  four  discal  spots  below,  successively  smaller,  the 
last  vestigial,  orange  yellow,  contrasting  in  color  with  the  subcostal  spot.  Fore  wing 
below  with  diffuse  yellowish  spots  above  anal  angle  ;  hind  wing  with  six  rather  thin 
red  submarginal  spots,  the  white  admarginal  dots  small. 

One  male,  Orizaba,  Mexico  (R.  Mueller). 
Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10221,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Similar  to  P.  belus  varus  Koll,  from  Honduras,  but  the  spots  on 
the  hind  wings  are  of  two  colors. 

Family  HESPERHD.E. 

Thymelicus  erynnioides,  new  species. 

$ .  Fulvous  above,  the  fore  wings  blackish  at  base  and  with  a  broad  outer 
border  broken  subapically  by  three  small  fulvous  dots  ;  stigma  large,  slightly  curved, 
reaching  from  vein  one  to  the  base  of  three,  black  edged  above  and  with  a  black  patch 
below.  Hind  wings  broadly  fulvous  on  the  disk,  the  black  edging  narrow.  Hind 
wings  below  fulvous,  the  anal  area  lighter  ;   a  straight  row  of  white  spots  across  the 


March,  1907.]  DyAR  :     AMERICAN    LePIDOPTERA  51 

discal  venules,  one  below  cell,  one  in  cell  and  one  above,  the  two  near  the  cell  edged 
with  black  within. 

f  .   Without  the  stigma,  but  otherwise  as  in  the  male.     Below  the  ground  color 
of  the  hind  wings  is  greenish  yellow,  the  anal  area  fulvous,  the  spots  small,  white,  '_ 
edged  with  black  on  both  sides,  although  small,  very  distinct,  yet  cut  short  at  the 
costal  area. 

One  c?,  two    ?9,  Monterey  Co.,  California,  through  Mr.   George 
Franck. 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.   10252,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  species  looks  like  a  form  of  Erynnis  comma  Linn.,  and  may 
possibly  have  been  described  under  that  species ;  but  the  black  area 
below  the  stigma  of  the  male  is  distinct. 

Family  SATURNIID^. 

Hylesia  coadjutor,  new  species. 

Nearly  allied  to  H.  lincata  Druce.  It  is  larger,  paler  and  more  uniformly 
colored,  the  outer  margins  of  the  wings  entire,  the  hind  wings  especially  being  with- 
out any  angle  on  the  margin.  Markings  as  in  Hneata  but  less  contrasted,  the  lines  of 
the  fore  wings  olivaceous  brown,  their  bordering  shades  pale  but  not  contrasted  ;  dis- 
cal cloud  obscure.  Hind  wings  with  the  discal  ring  more  elongate  than  in  linea/a, 
the  two  outer  dark  lines  obscure,  well  separated.  Beneath  on  the  hind  wings  the 
apical  streak  defining  a  light  shade  is  absent. 

One  male,  Orizaba,  Mexico,  October  (R.  Mueller). 
Type.  — Cat.  no.  10193,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  SYNTOMID^. 

Mystrocneme  dulcicordis,  new  species. 

Head  black  with  a  diffuse  patch  of  bluish  white  hairs  on  the  vertex.  Thorax 
black,  a  large  red  spot  on  the  disk  behind,  followed  by  a  narrow  white  line.  Abdo- 
men crimson  with  the  basal  segment  black.  Fore  wings  smoky  black,  nearly  opaque 
outwardly,  subhyaline  on  the  cell  and  below  ;  hind  wings  subhyaline  throughout,  the 
veins  black,  the  apices  narrowly  infuscated.      Legs  black.      Expanse,  28  mm. 

Two  males,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  October  1906;  Orizaba, 
Mexico,  September  1906  (R.  Mueller,  no.  454). 

Type. — Cat.  no.  10150,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  LITHOSIID.E. 

Hypoprepia  muelleri,  new  species. 

Head  and  thorax  dark  gray  ;  abdomen  gray,  anal  tuft  red  above,  a  few  pink  hairs 
at  base  of  abdomen.  Fore  wings  uniformily  dark  gray  with  a  small  pinkish  red  patch 
at  the  extreme  base.  Hind  wings  thin,  semitranslucent,  pale  pink,  with  abroad  gray 
border.      Beneath  as  above,  but  paler.      Legs  entirely  gray.      Expanse,  25-27  mm. 

Two    males.    Mexico    City,    Mexico,    May    1906    (R.    Mueller, 
no.  19.) 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10149,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


62  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoI.  xv 

Family  NOCTUlDyE. 

Hydroecia  stenocelis,  new  species. 

'J'horax  ochraceous,  mixed  with  purplish  brown.  The  erect  tuft  may  be  present, 
but  it  is  depressed  and  partly  destroyed  in  the  specimen.  Fore  wing  ochraceous, 
this  color  appearing  in  the  lower  part  of  median  space  and  before  outer  line,  the  rest 
of  wing  suffused  with  purplish  brown,  the  terminal  and  subterminal  spaces  entirely  so. 
Inner  line  double,  nearly  straight,  obscure  ;  median  line  nearly  straight  across  wing, 
a  little  bent  on  median  vein,  dark  brown,  distinct  ;  outer  line  curved  on  its  upper  half, 
straight  below,  dark  brown,  distinct,  with  a  narrow  faint  inner  duplication  ;  subterm- 
inal line  nearly  lost,  indicated  by  an  irregular  row  of  ochraceous  dots  in  the  purple 
outer  space  ;  veins  in  this  space  dark  lined.  Spots  bright  white,  narrow,  straight, 
the  orbicular  and  claviform  forming  a  slender  bar,  narrowly  cut  by  the  median  vein, 
the  reniform  forming  a  long  slightly  oblique  bar.  Hind  wings  blackish  with  pale 
ochraceous  fringes.     Expanse,  35  mm. 

One  female,  Baltimore,  Md.,  through  Mr.  George  Franck. 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10246,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.- 

The  spots  are  as  in  speciosissima  G.  &  R.,  but  the  species  is  much 
smaller,  the  outer  line  is  not  angled,  the  terminal  space  is  solidly  filled 
with  purple  and  the  hind  wings  are  dark. 

Trileuca  delicia,  new  species. 

Size  and  shape  of  T.  buxea  Grote,  with  the  same  pattern  of  markings.  Color 
not  shining  pale  ocherous,  but  creamy  ocherous,  powdery,  without  any  yellow  tint. 
The  lines  are  brown,  fine,  flexuous,  but  more  distinct  and  contrasted  than  in  buxea  ; 
terminal  space  and  fringe  brown  suffused.  Hind  wings  whitish,  a  little  yellow  tinted 
only  on  the  extreme  margin  towards  the  apical  part. 

One  male,  Milwaukee  Co.,  Wisconsin  (F.  Rauterberg  collection), 
sent  by  the  Milwaukee  Public  Museum. 

Type.  — Cat.  no  10253,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  PYRALID^. 

Cacotherapia  ponda,  new  species. 

Fuscous  gray,  the  wings  uniform,  scarcely  at  all  diluted  with  lighter  shades. 
Inner  line  of  fore  wings  black,  rather  broad,  distinct,  edged  basally  by  a  lighter  area, 
outwardly  waved  at  subcostal  and  median  veins,  most  broadly  at  the  lower  flexure. 
An  upright  black  discal  bar,  followed  by  a  lighter  shade.  Outer  line  like  the  inner, 
nearly  straight,  bent  a  little  in  the  middle,  followed  by  a  lighter  shade.  Hind  wings 
whitish  gray  with  pale  fringe.      Expanse,  17-30  mm. 

Three  males,  Claremont,  California  (C.  F.  Baker). 
Type. — Cat.  no.  10 151,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  TINEID^. 

Anaphora  orizabae,  new  species. 

Light  reddish  to  dark  brown,  the  fore  wings  mottled-reticulate  in  dark  brown  ; 
a  quadrate  patch  at  the  end  of  the  cell  and  an  angled  one  below  submedian  vein,  both 


March,  1907]  DyAR  :     AMERICAN    LePIDOPTERA.  53 

relieved  by  yellowish  shades.  Hind  wings  dark  brown.  The  markings  vary  in  dis- 
tinctness and  are  in  general  fainter  and  more  diffuse  in  the  female,  being  also  more 
purplish  in  that  sex.  The  male  genitalia  have  the  uncus  bent  at  a  sharp  angle,  the 
points  well  separated  ;  lateral  claspers  with  the  tips  broadly  rounded,  with  a  sharp, 
widely  angled  projection  on  the  lower  side.  The  structure  is  as  in  Lord  Walsing- 
bam's  figure  o{  ferruginea  (Trans,  ent.  soc.  London,  1887,  pi.  viii,  fig.  15),  but 
the  lower  projection  is  sharply  angled  and  ends  in  a  point.  Expanse,  $  ,  32-35  mm. ; 
9 ,  37-42  mm. 

II  (f ,  13  9,  Mexico,  from  Mr.  Schalis,  without  specific  locality  ; 
Orizaba,  Mexico,  August,  1906  (R.  Mueller,  no.  461). 

Type.  — Cat.  no.  10159,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Resembles  the  North  American  popeanella  Clemens,  but  is  larger 
and  more  distinctly  marked. 

Felderia  cassicordis,  new  species. 

Fore  wings  gray,  mottled  with  dark  brown,  showing  three  large  dark  patches, 
two  on  the  submedian  fold  and  one  at  the  end  of  the  cell.  Two  specimens  are  so 
marked,  two  others  are  without  markings  on  the  wings,  uniform  silky  brown,  darker 
along  the  costa.  Hind  wings  gray-brown.  The  male  genitalia  are  essentially  as  in 
cossoides  Felder  &  Rogenhofer,  but  the  wings  are  differently  shaped,  being  narrow 
and  elongate ;  the  abdomen  extends  unusually  far  beyond  the  hind  wings.  Expanse, 
23-25  mm. 

^our  males,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  June  and  July,  1906  (R. 
Mueller,  no.  463). 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10153,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


GEOMETRID   NOTES. 

By  Louis  W.  Swett, 

Bedford,  Mass. 
A  NEW  CLEORA. 

Cleora  pexata,  new  species. 

Antennee  bipectinate,  apex  simple,  hind  tibia  swollen,  2  spurs,  with  hair  pencil, 
at  base  of  antennae  ivory  white,  body  and  thorax  light  ash  gray,  on  each  segment  of 
abdomen  are  twin  black  dots.  Fore  wings  quite  pointed,  light  ash  gray,  pinkish 
tinged,  with  four  wavy  notched  lines,  black  in  color,  running  from  four  black,  promi- 
nent, costal  patches.  Basal  line  appears  most  noticeable  on  veins,  as  do  all  the 
others,  the  mesial  runs  through  small  discal  spot,  and  runs  from  there  at  an  angle 
towards  thorax  to  inner  margin,  the  line  making  3  or  4  prominent  spots  on  veins. 
The  extra  discal  also  runs  back*at  an  angle  to  inner  margin  being  toothed  noticeably 
on  veins.  The  submarginal  line  is  a  trifle  blacker  and  more  prominent  than  the 
others  and  makes  a  curve  almost  parallel  with  outer  edge  of  wing.  There  are  prom- 
inent black  dots  at  ends  of  veins  at  base  of  fringe.      Hind  wings  same  color  as  fore,  a 


54  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

basal  toothed  line  which  runs  in  a  slight  curve  from  margin  to  margin,  close  beneath 
and  about  the  middle  of  hind  wings,  an  extra  discal  line  which  makes  a  deep  dip 
below  discal  spot  and  then  runs  high  up  on  outer  margin.  Beneath  the  discal  spots 
faint,  a  faint  spot  on  middle  of  costa,  wings  a  paler  ash  gray  than  above  with  no 
markings  except  a  black  patch  near  tips  of  fore  wings,  which  seems  to  fade  out  at 
vein  4.      Expanse,  34  mm. 

Locality. — Huachuca  Mts. ,  Arizona,  Aug.  17,  1903. 
Type.  —  Two  males. 

NOTE  ON  SYNONYMY. 
Through  an  error   Caripeta  piniata    Packard  was    left    out    as  a 
synonym  of  Caripeta  angus'tiorata  (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  XIV,-  128, 
1906)  and  the  synonomy  should  read  : 

Caripeta  angustiorata  Walker. 

piniata  Packard. 
seductaria  Strecker. 


NOTES  ON  THE  LARV^  OF  DATANA  ROBUSTA 

STRECKER. 

By  George  H.   Field, 

San  Diego,  Cal. 

Last  winter  I  made  up  my  mind  to  find  if  possible  the  larvae  of 
two  moths  :  Hemileuca  electra  and  Gloveiia  medusa.  About  February 
ist  my  friend,  Mr.  Frank  Stephens,  the  author  of  "California  Mam- 
mals," wrote  on  a  card  this  description  of  G.  medusa,  given  him  by 
Mrs.  Katherine  Brandegee,  the  well  known  botanist,  and  also  a  resident 
of  San  Diego:  "Large,  dull  brownish  black,  with  one  white  spot  in 
middle  of  fore  wing.  Food  plant,  Rhus.  Lived  in  caterpillar  state 
eight  months  or  more,  and  in  the  pupa  state  one  to  two  months."  I 
then  began  to  search  the  Rhus  lauritia,  and  at  last.  I  was  rewarded  by 
finding  close  to  my  home  a  bush  where  a  colony  of  some  kind  of 
larvae  had  fed,  but  no  live  caterpillars  could  I  find.  I  continued  my 
efforts  for  some  time  but  without  success.  I  read  the  description  to 
one  of  my  sons  and  he  said  he  had  observed  the  larvte  about  a  month 
previously,  but  his  memory  was  evidently  at  fault,  as  I  feel  perfectly 
safe  in  stating  that  all  larvae  disappear  by  November  20th,  save  possi- 
bly a  much  belated  lone  one  or  two.  Not  being  able  to  find  the 
things  sought,   I  resolved  to  be  there  on  schedule  time  when  next 


March,  1907.]  FlELD  :    NOTES  ON  DaTANA  ROBUSTA.  55 

they  came.  Some  time  in  March,  ray  son,  who  had  evidently  been 
doing  some  thinking  on  the  subject,  took  a  trowel  and  dug  around  the 
base  of  a  Rhus  where  the  leaves  gave  evidence  of  having  furnished  the 
necessaries  of  life  to  a  colony  of  something,  and  was  rewarded  by 
unearthing  several  pup^.  The  digging  was  continued  at  odd  times 
until  we  had  about  fifty.  These  were  placed  in  earth  in  two  cigar 
boxes  and  the  boxes  were  placed  in  a  large  breeding  cage.  Of  course 
I  knew(?)  I  had  G.  medusa.  On  September  ist  the  first  adult  ap- 
peared, but  it  was  not  G.  medusa  by  any  means.  A  friend  owned 
Holland's  "  Moth  Book  "  and  he  decided  it  was  Dataua  integern'ma. 
Later  he  expressed  doubt  on  his  first  statement  and  thought  it  might 
be  D.  californica.  If  it  was  the  latter  I  knew  it  would  be  of  more 
value  for  exchange  purposes  than  the  former.  To  settle  the  question 
I  forwarded  two  specimens  to  Dr.  Dyar  which  were  identified  as  D. 
robusta.  If  my  memory  serves  me  rightly,  the  larvje  appeared  about 
September  15th.  While  very  young  and  up  to  the  time  that  they 
reach  at  least  one-third  of  their  growth  they  cluster  closely,  but  after- 
ward they  separate,  each  going  by  itself.  The  thought  came  to  me, 
how  do  they  get  the  necessary  food  while  clustering  ?  Do  they  separate 
in  the  darkness  to  feed  and  return  to  herd  together  in  the  day  ?  I  am 
very  much  of  the  opinion  that  this  is  correct.  That  they  feed  in  the 
night  is  true.  In  fact  I  think  that  they  are  more  active  after  nightfall 
than  in  day  time.  One  can  hear  them  feeding  very  distinctly  two  or 
three  feet  away  from  the  breeding  cage.  When  nearly  grown  they 
feed  day  and  night.  On  attaining  their  full  growth  they  descend  and 
enter  the  ground  to  pupate.  The  soil  under  the  Rhus  where  I  found 
the  pupse  was  for  four  or  five  inches  in  depth,  composed  almost  en- 
tirely of  decayed  leaves  and  small  branches  that  had  accumulated  for 
years,  making  it  very  light  and  porous.  This  rested  on  a  hard  subsoil 
of  clay.  The  larvse  would  usually  go  down  to  this  hard  subsoil  to 
pupate,  but  do  not  enter  it  except  so  far  as  to  make  a  little  bed  to  lie 
in.  I  would  mention  here  that  the  pupas  are  perfectly  naked  and  have 
no  covering  whatever,  while  in  that  state.  A  considerable  number 
would  not  reach  the  subsoil,  but  pupate  in  the  light  top  soil.  As  I 
stated  I  had  fifty  pupte  but  through  ignorance  or  carelessness  which 
probably  created  unnatural  conditions  I  succeeded  in  obtaining  only 
about  a  dozen  adults. 


56  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [VoI.  x\. 

Dr.  Dyar  describes  the  larvae  as  follows : 

"Similar  to  D.  perspicua  G.  &  R.,  but  the  yellow  lines  narrower.  The  color 
of  the  body  in  the  mature  larvae  is  black,  not  red  in  any  of  the  specimens  sent.  The 
lines  are  yellow,  narrower  than  the  intervening  spaces  throughout,  separated  at  the 
ends  ;  dorsal  space  rather  broadly  black  ;  head,  cervical  shield,  anal  plate  and  leg- 
shields  black.  Hairs  all  whitish,  rather  abundant.  There  are  four  yellow  lines  on 
each  side  above  the  feet,  a  narrow,  broken  pedal  one  and  a  broader  distinct  medio- 
ventral  one,  the  ventral  areas  between  the  abdominal  feet  red." 


NEW  ENGLAND  CATERPILLARS;    NO.  i. 

By  Wm.   T.   M.   Forbes, 

Worcester,  Mass. 
Argynnis  aphrodite  Fabricius. 

Body  dull  black,  with  faintly  paler  spotting  ;  jet  black  around  the  hornbases. 
In  structure  belongs  strictly  to  Argynnis  ;  spines  all  equal,  as  long  as  width  of  joint 
with  lateral  spinules  a  third  length  of  spine  over  all.  Dorsal  spines  black,  upper  lat- 
erals on  abdomen  with  faint  horn-colored  bases,  lower  laterals  and  laterals  of  thorax 
pale  horn-color,  except  the  very  tip.  Legs  black,  tips  of  abdominal  ones  paler.  Paler 
below.  The  pale  ground  forms  a  sort  of  double  dorsal  line  between  the  black  sub- 
dorsal spots.     \]^  inches  long  when  resting. 

Granby,  Mass.,  June  6,  1906,  well  grown.  Hungup  June  18,  in 
a  rudimentary  cocoon;  pupated  June  20;  exit  July  10,  a  crippled 
but  perfectly  normal  female. 

Scudder  has  good  descriptions  of  the  other  Eastern  Argynnides  in 
The  Butterflies  of  New  England,  but  only  a  brief  note  on  aphrodite. 
I  have  seen  no  full  description. 

Table  of  the  Eastern  Species  of  Argynnis. 
Black,  with  spinules  less  than  half  length  of  spines. 

Rich  black,  all  spmes  horn  color  at  base cybele. 

Black  and  paler  mottling,  lateral  spines  only  with  pale  aphrodite. 

Deep  purplish,  with  spinules  half  length  of  spines atlantis. 

Alcestis  is  apparently  unknown. 


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Vol.  XV. 


No.   2. 


JOU  RN AL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society. 


H)evote^  to  3Entomoloo\?  in  (Beneual. 


JUNE,  1907. 

Edited  by  Harrison  G.   Dvar. 

Publication  Cotnifiittee. 
Harrison- G.  Dyar.  Henry  Bird. 


E.  G.  Love. 


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F»ublislnecl   Quarterly   by  ttie   Society. 
LANCASTER,  PA.  NEW  YORK  CITV. 

1907. 

[Entered  April  21, 1904,  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  as  second-class  matter,  under  Act  of; Congress  of  July  16, 1894.] 


*HCHEWCTAWlNT..LANCASTtR.P 


^tNMI>l 


COJSTEKTS. 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  HYMENOPTERA. 

Notes  on  Trichogramma  pretiosa  Riley*     By  A.  A.  Girault 57 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  COLEOPTERA. 

New  Scaabaeidae.     By  C.  Schaeffer    .    .           60 

New  Rhynchophora. — II.     By  C.  Schaeffer 75 

New  genera  and  species  of  North  American  Cerambycidae.     By  H.  C.  Fall  .  80 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  DIPTERA. 
A  preliminary  list  of  Nebraska  Syrphidae,  with  description  of  new  species.   Bv 

P.  R.  Jones ....  87 

New  American  Mosquitoes.     By  H.  G.  Dyar  and  F.  Knab loo 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  LEPIDOPTERA. 

Philosamia  cynthia  and  Callosamia  promethia  crosses.     By  L.  H.  Joitel  .    .  101 

Botis  toralis  Grote.     By  H.  G.  Dyar .    .  104 

New  American  Moths.     By  H.  G.  Dyar 105 

Editorial m 

Book  Notices "...  112 

Proceedings  of  the  Society    . 115 


vJOUTRN  AI^ 


OF  THE 


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JOURNAL 


pptD  ]9oFh  Clnl^oraologiral  HoripH^g. 


Vol.  XV.  JUNE,  1907.  No.  2 

Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  I,  HYMENOPTERA. 

NOTES    ON    TRICHOGRAMMA    PRETIOSA    RILEY. 

By  a.  Arsene  Girault, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

I.  CopulatioJi.  —  Daring  the  early  morning  of  June  14  (8  A.  M.), 
many  adults  of  this  little  parasite  issued  from  host  eggs  and  were  at 
once  confined  under  a  suitable  glass  jar.  At  10  A.  M.,  observation 
showed  that  the  males  were  running  very  actively  among  the  females, 
fertilizing  them.  Both  sexes  were  freely  mixed  and  active.  During 
the  act  of  copulation,  the  female  is  almost  a  passive  agent ;  she  often 
struggles,  however,  to  rid  herself  of  the  male.  The  latter  is  very  per- 
sistent in  his  advances,  and  is  also  polygamous, —  one  has  been  ob- 
served to  unite  with  three  females  in  succession.  Sometimes  a  female 
is  besieged  by  several  males,  at  which  time  there  is  a  fierce  struggle 
for  possession.  Again,  a  male  may  unite  with  the  same  female  twice 
in  succession,  with  an  interval  of  but  two  or  three  seconds  between. 
The  copulation  is  normal  for  the  Hymenoptera,  but  the  position  as- 
sumed by  the  male  is  peculiar.  After  seizing  the  female,  he  takes  an 
inclined  position,  leaning  far  back  at  an  angle  of  about  sixty  degrees, 
the  tip  of  the  abdomen  well  under  the  venter  of  the  female  and  curved 
up  between  her  posterior  legs.  The  act  lasts  for  about  three  and  a 
half  seconds.  The  pair  may  be  motionless  or  running  about.  Copula- 
tion generally  follows  soon  after  emergence,  but  may  be  delayed.  On 
the  part  of  the  females,  it  is  almost  immediately  followed  by  oviposi- 
tion. 

57 


58 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [Voi.  xv. 


2.  Proportion  of  the  Sexes.  — In  an  examination  of  763  specimens 
of  this  insect  reared  during  the  entire  season  from  the  usual  host  eggs, 
the  sexes  were  found  to  exist  in  about  equal  proportions,  with  a 
slight  preponderance  of  the  females,  as  shown  in  the  attached  table. 


Table  I.     Proportion  of  Sexes. 


Lot  No. 

Date,  1904. 

J2 
"3 
•o 
< 
0 

"a 

e 

Source. 

I 

May 

26 

16 

10 

Reared. 

2 

May      6 

5 

3 

2 

From  2  hosts. 

3 

May    23 

8 

4 

4 

From  2  hosts. 

4 

May    23 

8 

4 

4 

Captured. 

5 

June      3 

4 

2 

2 

From  a  single  host. 

6 

June      3 

2 

I 

I 

From  a  single  host. 

7 

June      4-8 

28 

12 

16 

From  many  hosts. 

8 

June     6 

7 

2 

5 

From  4  hosts. 

9 

June      7 

5 

3 

2 

Reared. 

10 

June     -8 

3 

I 

2 

From  a  single  host. 

II 

June    12 

2 

2 

0 

From  a  single  host. 

12 

June    12 

2 

2 

0 

From  a  single  host. 

13 

June    14-16 

19 

12 

7 

From  22  hosts. 

14 

June    22 

2 

I 

I 

From  a  single  host. 

15 

June    22-25 

41 

28 

13 

From  many  hosts. 

16 

June    27 

4 

2 

2 

From  a  single  host. 

17 

July       I 

20 

18 

2 

From  many  hosts. 

18 

July    20 

2 

0 

2 

From  a  single  host. 

19 

July    28 

10 

I 

9 

From  6  hosts. 

20 

July    28 

12 

8 

4 

Reared. 

21 

July    29 

16 

6 

10 

Reared. 

22 

July 

9 

3 

6 

Reared  and  captured. 

23 

Aug.     2 

II 

6 

5 

Portion  of  lot  from  many  hosts. 

24 

Aug.     2 

40 

12 

28 

From  30  hosts. 

25 

Aug.   21 

20 

10 

10 

From  many  hosts. 

26 

Sept.  12 

33 

II 

22 

From  35  hosts. 

27 

Sept.  22 

83 

41 

42 

From  36  hosts. 

28 

Sept.  25 

III 

53 

58 

From  64  hosts. 

29 

Oct.      4 

8 

2 

6 

From  4  hosts. 

30 

Oct.      5 

44 

23 

21 

From  34  hosts. 

31 

Oct.     14 

24 

8 

16 

Reared. 

32 

Oct.    18 

6 

2 

4 

From  2  hosts. 

33 

Nov.     4 

3 

I 

2 

P'rom  a  single  host. 

34 

Nov.     7 

16 

8 

8 

Collected  from  reared  specimens. 

35 

Misc.  during  season 

129 

57 

72 

Various,  mostly  reared. 

Totals 

763 

365 

398 

The  proportion  of  the  sexes  in  the  variety  nigra  Girault  is  as  24 
males  to  27  females.  The  proportion  of  the  sexes  in  specimens 
reared  from  single  hosts  may  be  seen  by  consulting  the  table  just  pre- 


June,  1907.]  GiRAULT  :     TrICHOGRAMMA    PRETIOSA    RiLEY. 


59 


sented  (lots  No.  5,  6,  10,  11,  12,  14,  16,  18  and  33);  the  sexes  vary  in 
relative  numbers,  but  are  about  equal  on  an  average.  In  four  cases 
not  given  in  the  table,  however,  hosts  collected  from  the  field  Sep- 
tember 27,  three  parasities  issued  from  each,  the  proportion  being  one 
male  to  two  females,  a  total  of  four  males  and  eight  females.  From 
eight  eggs  of  Alabama  argillacea  Hiibner,  collected  in  late  October 
from  cotton  plants,  the  females  generally  exceeded  the  males  in  num- 
ber, thus  : 


Host  No. 

No.  Adults. 

Males. 

Females. 

I 

2 

0 

2 

2 

2 

I 

I 

3 

3 

I 

2 

4 

I 

0 

I 

5 

2 

I 

I 

6 

3 

I 

2 

7 

2 

I 

I 

8 

3 

I 

2 

Total 

18 

6 

12 

As  to  the  relative  time  of  issuing  of  the  sexes,  it  appears  that  there 
is  little  or  no  difference.  For  example,  from  a  lot  of •  host  eggs  par- 
asitized on  June  22,  there  issued  between  i  and  2  P.  M.,  June  30,  2 
males  and  3  females;  at  3  P.  M.,  3  more  females  had  emerged,  and 
from  that  hour  on  both  sexes  appeared  at  intervals  for  some  hours. 
Between  the  hours  of  2  and  3  P.  M.,  June  27,  2  males  and  2  females 
issued  from  a  single  host ;  from  6  to  8  A.  M.,  October  4,  2  males  and 
6  females  appeared  from  3  hosts  parasitized  at  the  same  time,  and 
again  from  a  single  host,  there  issued  simultaneously  at  3  P.  M.,  June 
27,  2  males  and  2  females.  In  the  genus  Anaphes  of  a  closely  re- 
lated family  of  egg-parasites,  it  is  indicated  that  the  relative  issuance 
of  adults  is  about  the  same  as  in  Trichogramma,  whereas  in  Te/enomus, 
more  remote,  relative  issuance  of  the  sexes  is  more  regular,  the  males 
preponderating  for  the  first  day  or  so,  then  the  females  becoming  the 
more  numerous. 

3.  Size  not  Indicative  of  Sex. — As  a  rule  the  females  are  larger  than 
the  other  sex,  but  this  cannot  be  relied  upon  to  distinguish  them,  as 
sometimes  the  reverse  is  the  case.  From  a  large  series  of  measure- 
ments, the  following  table  is  adduced,  showing  the  range  in  size  and 
general  average  for  each  sex. 


60  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Table  II.     Relative  Size  of  the  Sexes. 


Length,  mm. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Range. 

Average. 

Male 

0.45 
0.50 

0.20 
0.25 

0.25 
0.25 

0.34 
0.38 

Female 

The  foregoing  notes  are  derived  from  observations  made  during  the 
Cotton  Bollworm  Investigations  in  Texas,  1904,  by  the  Bureau  of 
Entomology,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  Unless  otherwise 
specifically  stated,  the  cotton  bollworm,  Heliothis  obsoleta  Hiibner, 
was  the  host,  and  the  observations  were  made  at  Paris,  Texas.  These 
notes  are  given  in  abstract  by  Quaintance  and  Brues  in  Bull.  No.  50, 
Bureau  Ent.,  U.  S.  Dep.  Agric,  pp.  118,  119. 


Class  I,  Hexapoda. 

Order  II,  COLEOPTERA. 
NEW   SCARAB^ID^. 

By  Chas.  Schaeffer, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  rearrangement  of  the  Museum  collection  of  Scarabaeidse 
necessitated  the  identification  and  study  of  recent  accessions  as  well  as 
of  some  species  collected  by  myself  near  Brownsville,  Texas,  and  in 
the  Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona,  which  were  still  unnamed. 

The  collection  of  the  late  Ottomar  Dietz  contains  a  great  number 
•of  unnamed  species  of  Diplotaxis  mostly  from  New  Braunfels,  Texas. 
These  I  have  attempted  to  identify  in  connection  with  those  collected 
by  myself,  but,  without  the  study  of  the  types  and  with  the  descrip- 
tions only,  poor  results  were  obtained,  as  Dr.  Leconte's  descriptions 
are  too  short  to  identify  most  of  the  species  with  any  degree  of 
certainty.  From  the  number  of  unnamed  species,  most  of  which  are 
probably  new,  I  have  given  names  to  those  only,  which  possess  at 
least  some  prominent  and  strong  character,  which  would  have  been 
noticed  and  mentioned  by  Leconte  in  his  descriptions,  had  the  species 
been  known  to  him.  \ 


June.  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    ScARAB^IDiC.  61 

Aphodius  sallaei  Harold. 

Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.,  1863,  p.  336. 

Specimens  agreeing  with  Von  Harold's  description  were  taken  at 
light  near  Brownsville,  Texas.  Bales  in  the  "  Biologia  "  records  it 
from  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

This  species  is  similar  in  form  to  ruricola,  dark  brown,  elytra  paler  with  some  of 
the  intervals  either  entirely  or  partly  dark  brown  or  piceous  ;  the  striae  are  deeply  im- 
pressed and  crenately  punctate  ;  the  intervals  feebly  convex  and  finely  punctate;  the 
thorax  is  finely  punctate,  with  some  larger  punctures  intermixed  ;  head  trituberculate, 
feebly  so  in  the  female  ;  gense  distinct ;  clypeus  emarginate  in  front  with  angles 
reflexed  and  rounded  ;  mesosternum  not  carinate. 

Aphodius  arizonensis,  new  species. 

Moderately  elongate,  reddish  brown.  Head  densely  punctate,  front  feebly  tuber- 
culate ;  genre  prominent,  rounded  ;  clypeus  more  coarsely  punctate  than  the  head, 
frontal  margin  reflexed  and  arcuate-emarginate,  angles  rounded  ;  margins  not  fimbri- 
ate. Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long,  scarcely  narrowing  to  the  front ;  sides 
feebly  arcuate,  margin  not  explanate ;  front  and  hind  angles  rounded  ;  base  finely 
margined  ;  surface  finely  punctate  with  coarser  punctures  intermixed,  the  coarser  punc- 
tures more  numerous  and  denser  at  sides,  on  the  disk  a  smooth  median  line.  Elytra 
not  wider  than  the  thorax  at  base ;  humeri  obtuse  ;  sides  feebly  arcuate  ;  strire  moder- 
ately deeply  impressed,  not  very  coarsely  punctate  ;  intervals  slightly  convex,  finely 
punctulate.  Underside  finely  punctulate.  Mesosternum  not  carinate.  Anterior  tibiae 
strongly  tridentate  externally;  impunctate  on  the  upper  surface  ;  first  tarsal  joint  .shorter 
than  second.  Posterior  femora  sparsely  punctulate  ;  apex  of  hind  tibire  with  equal 
spinules,  first  joint  as  long  as  the  next  three.     Length  5  mm. 

Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona. 

This  species  resembles  inilitaris  somewhat,  btit  has  to  be  placed  in 
Dr.  Horn's  group  B.  From  all  the  species  in  this  group  it  will  be 
readily  recognized  by  its  uniform  reddish  brown  color. 

Bradycinetus  serratus  var.  peninsularis  Schaef . 

Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. ,  vol.  xxxii,  p.  252. 

This  variety,  which  I  described  from  Lower  California,  occurs  also 
in  Arizona  (Phoenix). 

Diplotaxis  rugosioides,  new  species. 

Form  ol  sordida,  black  with  feeble  reneous  luster.  Head  coarsely  densely  punc- 
tate ;  genre  not  prominent ;  clypeal  suture  distinct  at  sides,  obliterated  at  middle  ;  cly- 
peus coarsely  and  densely  punctate,  margin  reflexed  and  emarginate  at  apex,  angles 
broadly  rounded.  Thorax  slightly  more  than  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long  ;  sides 
arcuate  slightly  behind  middle,  obliquely  narrowing  to  base  and  apex  ;  basal  angles 
obtuse,  apical  angles  acute ;  a  depression  near  basal  and  apical  angles  also  along  the 
base  ;  surface  moderately  coarsely  and  very  densely  punctate,  clothed  with  very  short. 


62  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

erect,  pale  hairs.  Elytra  a  little  longer  than  one  and  a  half  times  the  basal  width, 
slightly  widening  to  apex  ;  surface  rugose  with  feebly  impressed  strise  and  extremely 
short  semi-erect,  pale  hairs.  Pygidium  densely  confluently  punctate.  Labrum  arcu- 
ately  emarginate.  Metasternum  moderately  coarsely  punctate.  Ventral  segments 
with  slightly  smaller,  submuricate  and  more  sparsely  placed  punctures.  Anterior 
tibifB  tridentate.  Claws  cleft,  but  the  lower  part  broader  and  much  smaller  than  the 
upper  and  obliquely  truncate  at  apex.     Length  II  mm. 

Hampton,  New  Hampshire  (S.  A.  Shaw). 

This  species  looks  very  distinct,  but  differs  very  little  from  sordida, 
except  in  the  absence  of  dense,  yellowish  pubescence  of  the  thorax  and 
also  the  much  shorter  and  scarcely  visible  pubescence  on  the  elytra. 
I  have  examined  a  number  of  specimens  of  sordida,  but  the  thoracic 
pubescence,  even  in  old  worn  examples,  seems  to  be  persistent,  while 
there  is  no  trace  of  longer  yellowish  hairs  in  riigosioides,  in  which  the 
short  greyish  hairs  can  only  be  seen  from  a  lateral  point  of  view.  The 
form  is  also  more  depressed  and  not  as  convex  as  in  sordida. 

Diplotaxis  muricata,  new  species. 

Oblong,  dull  black,  elytra  with  rows  of  pale  recumbent  hairs.  Head  coarsely 
cribrately  punctate,  clypeal  suture  almost  obliterated  ;  clypeus  short,  apical  angles 
rounded,  scarcely  reflexed  and  very  feebly  emarginate  in  front,  genas  nearly  continu- 
ous with  the  clypeus.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long ;  sides  arcuately 
rounded,  t)ie  widest  part  at  middle  ;  apical  angles  sub-acute,  basal  angles  distinct  but 
obtuse  ;  surface  densely  and  very  coarsely  punctate,  punctures  less  dense  and  more 
separated  on  the  disk  ;  from  each  puncture  arise  pale,  short  hairs.  Elytra  not  quite 
one  fourth  longer  than  wide ;  humeral  angles  distinct ;  sides  nearly  parallel,  very 
feebly  widening  behind  ;  costa;  almost  indistinguishable  ;  punctuation  coarse  and 
somewhat  muricate  ;  viewed  laterally,  there  are  a  number  of  nearly  regular  rows  of 
short,  recumbent,  pale  hairs.  Underside  very  coarsely  punctate,  punctuation  sparser 
on  the  abdominal  segments  ;  pygidium  and  propygidium  coarsely,  cribrately  punc- 
tate, but  the  latter  only  so  in  a  transversely  impressed  apical  space  ;  labrum  broadly, 
but  not  deeply  arcuate-emarginate  ;  maxillary  palpi  oblong-oval  ;  presternum  cari- 
nate ;  front  tibice  tridentate,  the  upper  tooth  further  removed  from  the  second  than 
the  latter  is  from  the  first ;  tarsal  joints  rather  short  and  stout :  claws  cleft,  the  lower 
part  broader  and  much  shorter  than  the  upper  and  obliquely  truncate.      Length  5  mm. 

Alpine,  Texas  (H.  F.  Wickham). 

I  received  two  specimens  of  this  distinct  species  from  Mr.  Warren 
Knaus-  under  the  name  of  puberulus,  one  of  which  he  kindly  pre- 
sented to  me.  From  piiheruiiis  it  differs  in  form  of  thorax  and  elytra, 
punctuation  and  pubescence  ;  from  brevisetosa  the  form  and  punctua- 
tion of  elytra  and  claws  will  separate  it. 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    ScARAB^ID^.  63 

Diplotaxis  sparsesetosa,  new  species. 

Robust,  black.  Head  coarsely  and  densely  punctate  ;  genje  distinct,  but  con- 
tinuous with  the  sides  of  the  clypeus  ;  clypeal  suture  absent ;  clypeus  more  densely 
punctate  than  the  head,  apical  margin  feebly  reflexed  and  scarcely  emarginate,  angles 
broadly  rounded.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long  ;  apex  slightly  narrower 
than  base  ;  sides  arcuate  ;  surface  very  coarsely  punctate,  punctures  well  separated  on 
the  disk,  dense  at  sides.  Elytra  not  quite  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  wide  at 
base,  widening  towards  apex  ;  costa;  distinct  and  with  a  row  of  smaller  punctures  ; 
punctures  of  intervals,  between  the  geminate  rows  of  punctures,  confused,  coarse, 
but  not  dense,  each  bearing  a  very  short,  pale  hair,  which  is  more  apparent  when  the 
specimen  is  viewed  laterally.  Propygidium  with  a  deep,  transverse,  well-limited 
and  coarsely  punctate  impression.  Abdominal  spiracle  rather  prominent.  Pygidium 
extremely  coarsely  and  confluently  punctate.  Labrum  broadly  arcuateemarginate. 
Anterior  tibiie  tridentate,  the  upper  tooth  twice  as  far  from  the  second,  as  the  latter 
from  the  first.  Claws  cleft,  the  lower  part  broader  and  much  shorter  than  the  upper 
and  truncate  at  apex.  Metasternum  and  abdomen  coarsely  but  not  densely  punctate, 
the  latter  still  more  coarsely  punctate  at  sides.      Length  9  mm. 

Texas  (Dietz). 

From  the  above  described  minicata  this  species  differs  in  being 
more  robust,  the  elytra  widening  towards  apex,  much  shorter  and 
finer  pale  hairs  and  the  elytral  punctuation  different. 

By  description  it  seems  to  be  allied  to  Linell's  brevisetosa,  but 
that  species  has  the  lower  part  of  the  cleft  claws  nearly  as  long  as  the 
upper.  Superficially  sparsesetosa  resembles  connata  somewhat,  but  is 
widely  separated  from  that  species.  In  describing  connata  I  compared 
it  with  Lachnosterna  epigaa  which  is  not  correct ;  it  has  rather  the 
form  of  cribrosa  than  epigcea. 

Diplotaxis  arizonica,  new  species. 

Oblong,  ferruginous,  clypeus  on  each  side  rather  strongly  sinuate,  each  elytral 
puncture  with  a  short,  recumbent  pale  hair.  Head  coarsely  and  densely  punctate  ; 
clypeal  suture  impressed  ;  gense  not  prominent,  continuous  with  the  clypeus  ;  the 
latter  broadly  emarginate  in  front,  sides  rather  strongly  sinuate  near  apical  angles, 
margin  and  front  reflexed.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long;  sides  broadly  arcu- 
ate slightly  behind  middle,  strongly  narrowing  to  base  and  slightly  sinuate  before  the 
latter,  obliquely  narrowing  to  apical  angles,  the  latter  acute,  basal  angles  nearly  rec- 
tangular ;  disk  with  moderately  coarse,  but  not  densely  placed  punctures.  Elytra 
slightly  wider  than  the  thorax  at  base  ;  first  costa  well  defined,  second  more  obscured 
by  the  punctures  at  sides,  both  costce  almost  without  punctures;  the  row  of  punc- 
tures on  each  side  of  the  costse  distinct,  the  punctuation  between  these  confused  ; 
from  each  of  the  elytral  punctures  arises  a  short,  semi-erect,  pale  hair.  •  Pygidium 
coarsely  but  not  densely  punctate,  propygidium  transversely  impressed  at  apex  and 
coarsely  punctate,  posterior  spiracle  moderately  prominent.  Underside  coarsely  punc- 
tate, labrum    moderately  deeply  arcuate-emarginate  ;     last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi 


64  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      ivoi.  xv. 

oval ;  front  tibise  tridentate,  the  upper  tooth  further  removed  from  the  second  than 
the  latter  from  the  apical  tooth  ;  claws  cleft,  the  upper  and  lower  part  equal  in  width, 
but  the  lower  slightly  shorter  than  the  upper.     Length  8  mm. 

Huachuca  Mts. ,  Arizona. 

The  distinguishing  characters  of  this  species  are  the  strongly  sin- 
uated  sides  of  clypeus,  the  distinct,  but  slightly  obtuse  hind  angles  of 
thorax  and  the  very  short,  sparse,  pale  hairs  on  elytra. 

Diplotaxis  knausii,  new  species. 

Elongate,  narrow,  ferruginous,  labrum  prominent  and  very  deeply  emarginate. 
Head  densely  and  moderately  coarsely  punctate ;  clypeal  suture  distinct  at  sides, 
obliterated  at  middle ;  above  the  clypeal  suture  a  subtriangular,  shallow,  median 
depression;  clypeus  reflexed  in  front  and  broadly  emarginate,  angles  rounded,  gence 
not  prominent,  continuous  with  the  clypeus.  Thorax  transverse,  sides  arcuate  slightly 
behind  middle ;  apical  and  basal  angles  obtuse  ;  surface  on  each  side  near  front  angles 
slightly  impressed  and  rather  densely  punctate  at  sides,  punctures  moderately  coarse 
and  on  the  disk  less  densely  placed  than  at  sides.  Elytra  nearly  one  and  a  half  times 
as  long  as  wide  at  base  ;  sides  almost  parallel ;  costse  feebly  distinct  and  finely  sub- 
muricately  punctate ;  the  punctuation  between  the  suture  and  the  first  geminate  row 
of  punctures  confused,  those  between  the  first  and  second  row  forming  almost  regular 
rows  of  punctures.  Pygidium  very  coarsely  and  confluently  punctate,  propygidium 
more  feebly  punctate  in  an  apical  transverse  line.  Labrum  prominent,  very  deeply 
divided.  Mentum  rather  deeply  emarginate.  Front  tibiae  tridentate,  the  upper  tooth 
more  distant  from  the  second,  than  the  latter  from  the  first.  Front  tarsi  subcom- 
pressed  ;  first  joint  triangular,  second  and  following  elongate ;  claws  cleft,  the  lower 
part  slightly  shorter  than  the  upper.  First  and  second  ventral  segment  on  each  side 
of  middle  with  a  more  or  less  prominent  elevation,  which  is  irregularly  striate  ;  third 
with  a  very  feeble  elevation.     Length  9  mm. 

Las  Vegas,  Nevada. 

This  interesting  and  very  distinct  species  is  dedicated  with  pleasure 
to  Mr.  Warren  Knaus,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  single  male. 
The  female,  which  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Knaus  differs  from  the 
male  in  having  slightly  shorter  hind  tarsi,  in  being  a  little  more  robust 
and  having  the  first  joint  of  front  tarsi  scarcely  triangular. 

There  will  be  no  difficulty  in  distinguishing  both  sexes  of  knausii 
from  any  known  species  by  the  prominent  and  deeply  divided  labrum, 
the  triangularly  emarginate  mentum,  the  distinct  elevations  on  second 
and  third  ventral  segments  and  in  addition  the  somewhat  compressed, 
triangularly  dilated  first  joint  of  front  tarsi  of  the  male. 

Diplotaxis  tarsalis,  new  species. 

Oblong-oval,  ferruginous  or  piceus.  Head  not  densely  punctate,  punctures  not 
coarse  and  well  separated  ;  clypeal  suture  distinct,  broadly  arcuate  at  middle  ;  gense 
not  prominent,  continuous  with  the  clypeus ;  clypeus  densely  and  more  coarsely 
punctate  than  the  head,  sides  and  apical  margin  reflexed,  the  former  feebly  sinuate 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    ScARAB.«ID/E.  65 

before  the  rounded  apical  angles,  apical  margin  truncate-emarginate.  Thorax  at 
base  slightly  more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long ;  sides  somewhat  explanate,  especially 
near  basal  third  and  feebly  arcuate ;  hind  angles  rounded,  front  angles  feebly 
rounded  ;  disk  remotely  not  coarsely  punctate,  punctures  at  sides  a  little  denser  and 
coarser.  Elytra  about  one  and  one  half  times  as  wide  at  base,  gradually  widening 
to  apex  ;  costse  feebly  convex  and  with  an  irregular  row  of  punctures;  intervals,  be- 
tween the  geminate  rows  of  punctures,  enclosing  the  costee,  confusedly  punctate.' 
Propygidium  transversely  impressed,  the  impression  not  more  coarsely  punctate  than 
the  rest ;  last  abdominal  spiracle  somewhat  prominent.  Pygidium  sparsely  punctate, 
the  punctures  not  coarser  than  those  of  propygidium  ;  apex  somewhat  inflexed  and 
rotundate-truncate  in  the  male.  Underside  coarsely  and  sparsely  punctate,  meta- 
sternum  finely  at  middle  but  more  densely  at  sides  ;  front  tarsi  tridentate  ;  tarsal  joints 
at  apical  half  densely  clothed  with  pale-yellowish,  fine  pubescence  ;  claws  cleft,  the 
lower  part  broader,  slightly  shorter  than  the  upper  and  truncate  at  apex  ;  maxillary 
palpi  in  the  male  subcompressed  and  broadly  arcuate  on  inner  side,  rounded  at  apex  ; 
in  the  female  narrow,  elongate  with  apex  obliquely  truncate ;  labrum  broadly  emargi- 
nate.      Length  8.5-9  '""''• 

Huachuca  Mountains,  Arizona. 

Distinguished  by  the  explanate,  scarcely  deflexed  sides  of  thorax 
finely  and  densely  pubescent  tarsal  joints  at  apical  half,  and  the  broad 
last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  of  the  male. 

Diplotaxis  pubipes,  new  species. 

Oblong-oval,  black  with  faint  reneous  luster.  Head  remotely  punctate,  punctures 
not  coarse  ;  clypeal  suture  obliterated  at  middle,  faint  at  sides  ;  genze  feebly  prominent ; 
clypeus  more  coarsely  and  densely  punctate  than  the  head,  sides  and  apex  reflexed, 
apical  angles  rounded,  apical  margin  very  feebly  emarginate.  Thorax  twice  as  wide 
at  base  as  long  ;  apex  slightly  narrower  than  base ;  sides  feebly  arcuate ;  basal  angles 
slightly  rounded  ;  basal  margin  with  a  broad  antescutellar  depression  ;  surface  with 
moderately  large,  well  separated  punctures.  Elytra  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as 
wide ;  sides  gradually  widening  to  apex  ;  punctuation  confused  between  the  geminate 
rows  of  punctures;  costre  feebly  elevated  with  a  single  row  of  slightly  smaller  punc- 
tures than  those  of  the  intervals  ;  at  base  a  circumscutellar  impression.  Propygidium 
with  a  deep,  well  limited,  transverse,  apical  impression  ;  feebly  punctate,  except  the 
transverse  impression  which  is  coarsely  punctate.  Pygidium  coarsely,  remotely  punc- 
tate. Labrum  feebly,  broadly  emarginate.  Maxillary  palpi  oval.  Front  tibiae  tri- 
dentate. Tarsi  densely  clothed  over  nearly  the  entire  underside  with  yellowish  hairs. 
Claws  cleft,  inferior  portion  shorter  and  broader  than  the  upper  and  oblique  at  apex. 
Abdominal  segments  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctate.     Length  8.5  mm. 

Brownsville,  Texas  (Esperanza  Ranch). 

The  distinct  antescutellar  thoracic  and  circumscutellar  elytral  im- 
pressions, together  with  the  densely  pubescent  tarsal  joints,  render  the 
recognition  of  this  species  easy. 


(p6  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [VoI.  xv 

The  pubescence  occupies  nearly  the  entire  under -surface  of  the 
tarsal  joints  and  is  much  denser  than  in  tarsalis.  By  description  it 
seems  to  be  related  to  the  Mexican  juguilensis,  which  has  the  elytra 
very  coarsely,  subconfluently  punctate,  the  lateral  margin  sinuate  in 
front,  the  basal  thoracic  and  scutellar  impressions  absent  and  the  front 
tibiae  of  male  bidentate. 

The  specimen  described  above  is  apparently  a  male,  which  I  owe 
to  the  kindness  of  my  friend  Mr.  Gustav  Beyer,  who  collected  two  or 
three  specimens  at  light. 

Diplotaxis  californica,  new  species. 

Oblong-oval,  black  or  dark  ferruginous.  Head  coarsely,  cribrately  punctate  ; 
genae  not  prominent,  almost  continuous  with  the  sides  of  the  clypeus  ;  clypeal  suture 
only  visible  at  sides;  above  the  clypeal  suture,  from  side  to  side,  a  transverse,  slightly 
arcuate,  prominent  swelling,  which  gives  the  clypeus,  together  with  the  reflexed 
front  margin,  the  appearance  of  being  deeply  excavated  ;  apical  margin  scarcely 
emarginate  ;  angles' rounded.  Thorax  at  base  twice  as  wide  as  long  ;  sides  strongly 
arcuate  behind  middle,  obliquely  narrowing  to  the  hand  angles,  which  are  obtuse, 
slightly  less  strongly  narrowing  to  apex,  before  these  feebly  sinuate ;  near  the  side 
margin  a  distinctly  impressed  line,  which  is  less  distinct  near  apex  ;  surface  densely 
and  coarsely  punctate,  slightly  less  densely  at  middle  of  disk.  Elytra  slightly  wider 
than  the  thorax  at  base,  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  wide,  feebly  widening  behind  ; 
costse  almost  obliterated,  but  indicated  by  the  row  of  smaller  punctures  ;  first  inter- 
val, between  the  sutural  row  and  the  geminate  row  of  punctures  enclosing  the  first 
costa,  confusedly  punctate,  the  others  forming  almost  regular  rows  of  punctures. 
Propygidium  sparsely  and  much  more  finely  punctate  than  in  the  transverse  apical  im- 
pression. Pygidium  coarsely  punctate.  Labrum  broadly  and  feebly  arcuate-emarginate. 
Maxillary  palpi  oval.  Anterior  tibiae  tridentate.  Claws  toothed  at  middle.  Ventral 
segments  transversely  coarsely  punctate  at  apex,  feebly  so  at  base  ;  second  ventral 
segment  with  two  more  or  less  distinct  elevations  on  each  side  of  middle  in  both 
sexes.     Length  8  mm. 

Tulare  Co.,  California  (Dietz). 

The  anteclypeal  elevation  in  this  species  which  is  slightly  im- 
pressed at  middle  in  one  female,  is  much  more  prominent  than  in  any 
of  my  specimens  of  excavata  and  by  this  and  the  elevations  on  the 
second  ventral  segment  californica  Avill  be  readily  recognized. 

The  claws  are  described  as  being  toothed,  but  are  really  cleft,  with 
the  lower  part  very  short  and  the  oblique  apical  truncation  feeble. 

Diplotaxis  beyeri,  new  species. 

Elongate,  ferruginous.  Head  rather  flat,  coarsely  punctate  ;  gense  prominent ; 
clypeal  suture  distinct,  arcuate  at  middle ;  clypeus  as  long  as  the  head,  coarsely 
punctate,  apical  margin  strongly  reflexed  and  scarcely  emarginate,  angles  broadly 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    ScARAB^IDTE.  67 

rounded.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long  ;  sides  broadly  rounded,  basal  and 
apical  angles  obtuse  ;  base  and  sides  margined  ;  apex  nearly  as  wide  as  base  ;  surface 
moderately  coarsely,  but  not  densely  punctate.  Elytra  slightly  more  than  one  and  a 
half  times  as  long  as  wide,  not  widening  behind ;  punctuation  forming  almost  regular 
rows,  except  the  first  interval,  which  is  confusedly  punctate  ;  costae  almost  indistinct 
and  with  a  row  of  smaller  punctures  ;  at  apex  the  rows  of  punctures  are  feebly  im- 
pressed. Propygidium  transversely  impressed  at  apex  and  coarsely  punctate.  Pygi- 
dium  coarsely  not  densely  punctate.  Labrum  broadly  arcuate-emarginate.  Maxillary 
palpi  elongate-oval.  Front  tibiae  tridentate,  the  teeth  equally  separated  from  each 
other.  Claws  cleft,  but  the  lower  part  very  short  and  obliquely  truncate  at  apex. 
Length  lo-ll  mm. 

Brownsville,  Texas  (Esperanza  Ranch). 

This  fine  species  is  named  after  my  friend  Mr.  Gustav  Beyer, 
with  whom  I  collected  this  and  many  other  interesting  species  on  my 
second  trip  to  that  semi-tropical  region. 

The  elongate,  nearly  parallel  sided  form  and  the  large  clypeus 
distinguish  this  species.  The  head,  basal  margin  and  suture  are  gen- 
erally slightly  darker. 

Listrochelus  knausii,  new  species. 

Oblong-oval,  pale  ferruginous,  elytra  pruinose.  Head  densely  and  very  coarsely 
punctate,  the  transverse  carina  on  the  vertex  almost  absent ;  clypeus  transverse,  margin 
reflexed,  apex  feebly  emarginate.  Thorax  rotundate-angulate  at  sides  ;  apical  angles 
acute,  basal  angles  rounded  ;  apex  slightly  narrower  than  base  ;  side  margins  serrulate, 
more  strongly  at  basal  half  than  near  front  angles,  fimbriate  with  long  hairs;  surface 
coarsely,  irregularly  punctate,  more  densely  near  apical  margin.  Elytra  moderately 
coarsely  punctate,  punctures  not  deeply  impressed  ;  sutural  cost^e  more  prominent  than 
the  discal,  the  latter  very  feeble  ;  side  margins  fimbriate.  Underside,  except  abdomen, 
densely  clothed  with  pale  yellowish,  fine,  long  hairs.     Length  II.5-12  mm. 

Male.  — Club  of  antennce  as  long  as  the  funicle.  Fifth  abdominal  segment 
broadly  elevated  at  middle,  the  elevation  more  densely  punctate  than  the  rest  of  the 
segment.  Pygidium  feebly  convex,  with  very  few  punctures  ;  apex  rounded.  Poste- 
rior tibire  slender,  normal  ;  spurs  slender,  the  inner  slightly  shorter  and  rounded  at 
apex  ;  tarsi  as  long  as  the  tibi?s.  Claws  feebly  crenate,  alike  on  all  the  tarsi,  with  a 
small  median  tooth. 

Female.  —  Antennal  club  shorter  than  the  funicle.  Pygidium  feebly  convex  and 
very  sparsely  punctate.  Abdomen  convex  and  very  obsoletely  punctate.  Claws 
feebly  crenate  alike  on  all  the  tarsi  with  a  small  median  tooth.  Hind  tarsi  shorter  than 
the  tibiffi. 

Stockton,  Utah. 

This  species,  which  was  communicated  by  Mr.  Warren  Knaus, 
after  whom  it  is  named,  has  lost  nearly  all  the  characters  of  the  genus, 
but  the  facies  and  the  feeble  crenation  of  the  claws  leave  no  doubt  that 
it  is  a  Listrochelus. 


68  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       ivoi.  xv. 

By  description  knausii  is  very  close  to  sociatus,  near  which  it  has 
to  be  placed,  but  the  latter  species  is  said  to  have  the  posterior  tibiae 
stout,  resembling  those  of  Ligyrus. 

Of  the  species  known  to  me  it  resembles  fimbripes  in  form,  color 
and  size,  but  the  claws,  abdominal  and  other  characters  separate  the 
two. 

Anomala  clypealis,  new  species. 

Elongate-oval,  pale  testaceous ;  thorax  with  a  median  darker  space,  which  ex- 
tends on  each  side  at  middle  as  a  narrow  line  not  quite  to  the  side  margins.  Head 
rather  coarsely  punctate,  feebly  convex  ;  eyes  not  prominent ;  antennal  club  as  long 
as  the  preceding  joints  together ;  clypeal  suture  straight,  distinctly  impressed  ;  cly- 
peus  rather  strongly  narrowing  to  apex,  frontal  margin  rounded  and  refiexed,  sides 
scarcely  reflexed.  Thorax  twice  as  broad  at  base  as  long,  sides  feebly  arcuate,  ob- 
liquely narrowing  to  the  front,  parallel  behind  ;  front  angles  acute  ;  hind  angles 
rounded,  disk  rather  sparsely  punctate,  the  punctures  at  sides  slightly  larger  and 
more  crowded,  at  middle  an  impressed  longitudinal  line.  Elytra  at  base  slightly 
narrower  than  the  thorax  at  base,  gradually  widening  towards  apex  ;  costae  between 
the  geminate  rows  of  punctures  distinct,  feebly  convex  and  very  finely  and  irregu- 
larly punctate ;  subsutural  and  second  interval  with  a  more  irregular  row  of  coarse 
punctures  than  those  of  the  geminate  rows  enclosing  the  costce,  at  sides  the  punctua- 
tion forms  almost  regular  rows  of  punctures.  Pygidium  convex,  rugose,  sparsely 
hairy  at  tip.  Underside  coarsely  punctate  ;  metasternum  with  a  few  erect  hairs. 
Front  tibise  bidentate,  apical  tooth  elongate,  curved  ;  outer  claw  very  feebly  cleft,  the 
upper  portion  extremely  narrow  and  short ;  intermediate  scarcely  visibly  cleft. 
Length  7  mm. 

Arizona  (Bakersville  ?). 

One  male,  sent  me  by  my  brother  and  possibly  collected  at  light 
in  Bakersville. 

The  feebly  cleft  claws  bring  this  species  near  anteunata  and />ar- 
vula,  from  which  the  different  form  of  clypeus,  thoracic  spot,  and  the 
rugose  pygidium  separates  it.  In  the  single  specimen,  the  pygidium 
and  also  some  indistinct  longitudinal  spaces  on  elytra  are  slightly 
darker. 

At  the  time  I  published  in  this  Journal,  vol.  XIV,  p.  i,  the 
"Notes  on  the  species  of  ^w^w^zA?  "  I  prepared  a  synoptic  table  of 
the  species  then  known  to  me,  but  withheld  the  publication  of  the 
table,  as  I  intended  to  include  one  or  two  more  species,  which  were 
recorded  as  being  taken  within  our  faunal  limits  and  which  are  un- 
known to  me.  I  expected  to  receive  specimens  of  these,  as  well  as 
of  some  Mexican  species  from  a  European  correspondent,  but  for  some 
reason  they  have  not  arrived,  so  I  take  the  present  occasion  to  publish 
the  table. 


June,  1907  ]  SCHAEFFER  :     NeW    SCARAB.€ID.E.  69 

Table  of  the  Species  of  Anomala. 

1.  Metasternum  not  protuberant,  middle  coxa  narrowly  separated  * 2. 

Metasternum    protuberant,    middle    coxae    rather   widely   separated    (subgenus 

Spilota) 19. 

2.  Tarsal  claws  in  part  cleft,  sometimes  very  feeble  (subgenus  Anomala) 3. 

Tarsal  claws  all  simple  (subgenus  Rhombonyx) 16. 

3.  Hind  tibise  (female)  shorter  than  the  femora,  very  broad,  triangularly  widening 

to  apex  ;  first  joint  of  middle  tarsi  longer  than  second  ;  color  testaceous,  head, 
two  oblique  apical  thoracic  spots  of  irregular  outline  and  suture  darker. 

tibialis  Schaef. 
Hind  tibiae  as  long  or  longer  than  the  femora,  of  usual  form 4. 

4.  Pygidium  punctate,  punctures  well  separated! 5. 

Pygidium  rugose Ii. 

5.  Thorax  unicolorous 10. 

Thorax  bicolorous,  black  with  side  margin  more  or  less  testaceous,  or  testaceous 

with  one  or  two  apical  black  spots 6. 

6.  Elytral  intervals  of  equal  width,   convex,   rugose,  only  the  subsutural  wider  and 

with  confused  punctuation  ;  striae  impressed,  almost  impunctate ;   clypeal  mar- 
gin widely  reflexed ;  color  testaceous,  head  and  two  spots  at  apex  of  thorax 

darker antennata  Schaef. 

Two  or  more  of  the  elytral  intervals  wider  than   the  others  and  with  confused 
punctuation,  clypeal  margin  narrowly  reflexed 7. 

7.  Thorax  testaceous  with  two  darker  apical  spots 8. 

Thora.x  testaceous  with  one  apical  spot,  or  black  with  sides  paler 9. 

8.  Front  tibiae  bidentate,  elytra  coarsely  punctate  and  subrugose,  the  costse  indistinct, 

obscured  by  the  coarse  punctuation  ;  color  testaceous,  two  apical  thoracic  spots 

and  suture  darker parvula  Burm. 

Front  tibiae  tridentate,  the  upper  tooth  distinct  in  the  larger  specimens,  in  the 
smaller  specimens  more  feeble  ;  the  elytral  costte,  as  well  as  the  geminate  rows 
of  punctures  enclosing  them,  well  defined  ;  color  testaceous,  head,  two  thoracic 
spots,  elytral  suture  and  side  margins  black  or  piceous flaviUa  Bates. 

9.  First  joint  of  middle  tarsi  very  distinctly  shorter  than  second;  outer  claws  of  front 

and  middle  tarsi  in  the  male  very  feebly  cleft,  the  upper  division  fine  and  thin 
and  on  the  front  claw  far  removed  from  the  tip  of  the  lower  division  ;  color 
testaceous,  head,   a  subtriangular  apical   thoracic  spot,  suture  and  margin  of 

elytra  darker centralis  Lee. 

First  joint  of  middle  tarsi  as  long  or  longer  than  second ;  outer  claws  of  front  and 
middle  tarsi  in  the  male  distinctly  cleft,  the  upper  division  as  long  as  the  lower, 
or  slightly  shorter  ;  color  variable,  from  testaceous,  thorax  with  large  apical  spot 
and  humeral  callus  of  elytra  darker  to  elytra  black,  with  faint  traces  of  longi- 
tudinal testaceous  lines  and  thorax  black  with  side  margins  testaceous. 

inconstans  Burm. 

*  In  polychalca  the  middle  coxae  are  more  widely  separated  than  in  the  rest  of 
the  species,  but  the  metasternum  is  not  protuberant. 

t  In  some  specimens  of  inconstans  and  peninstilaris  the  pygidium  is  feebly 
rugose. 


70  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv.  I 

10.  Pygidium  shining,  punctuation  feeble  ;  color  testaceous,  head,  thorax,  scutellum, 

suture  and  legs  rufous peninsularis  Schaef.  '1 

Pygidium  sub-alutaceous,  coarsely  punctate ;  color  variable,  elytra  testaceous 
without  markings,  thorax  darker  and  sometimes  with  feeble  metallic  luster  to 
greenish  metallic  and  elytra  with  or  without  brown  or  black  markings,  the 
latter  variable  in  size flavipennis  Burm. 

11.  Thorax  testaceous  with  large  median  darker  spot  or  black  or  zeneous  with  pale 

side  margin ..   12. 

Thorax  unicolorous  black  or  aeneous 14. 

12.  Outer  claw  of  anterior  and  middle  tarsi  very  feebly  cleft,  the  upper  division  very 

fine  and  thin,  almost  obsolete  and  far  removed  from  the  tip  of  the  lower  divi- 
sion ;  the  first  elytral  interval  near  suture  divided  by  an  irregular  row  of  punc- 
tures ;  color  testaceous,  a  large  apical  thoracic  spot,  some  indistinct  longitudinal 

spaces  on  elytra  and  pygidium  darker clypealis  n.  sp. 

Outer  claw  of  anterior  and  middle  tarsi  distinctly  cleft,  the  upper  division  as  long 
or  nearly  as  long  as  the  lower  ;  the  first  elytral  interval  confusedly  punctate.    13. 

13.  Tooth  of  front  tarsal  claw  joint  obsolete  ;   larger  more  elongate  species  ;  thorax 

black  or  blackish  aeneous  with  side  margins  pale  ;  elytra  testaceous,  without 

or  with  black  markings  of  variable  size undulata  Melsh. 

Tooth  of  front  tarsal  claw  joint  distinct  ;  smaller,  more  robust  species,  color 
variable,  elytra  testaceous  to  nearly  black,  thorax  pale  with  apical  black  spot 
or  entirely  black innuba  Fab. 

13.  Thorax  and  elytra  black,  the  latter  often  with  some  paler  spots  or  streaks,  elytral 

punctuation  very  coarse  obliterating  the  cost£e  on  the  disk ;  size  small. 

black  form  of  innuba  Fab. 
Thorax  metallic  green,  asneous  or  cupreous 14. 

14.  Elytra  with  nearly  regular,  impressed,  punctured  striae,  intervals  subequal,  con- 

vex, very  finely  punctate  ;  thorax  metallic  green,  sometimes  with  slight  cupre- 
ous tint ;   elytra  metallic  green,  or  bluish  green  and  in  some  specimens  with 

pale  brownish  streaks polychalca  Bates. 

Elytral  intervals  wider  than  the  costse,  flat  and  confusedly  punctate,  elytra  testa- 
ceous, with  dark  markings  ;  thorax  reddish  with  metallic  tint,  green  orneneous. 

15- 

15.  The  punctures  of  the  geminate  series   enclosing  the  elytral  costre,  as  well  as 

some  rows  at  sides,  forming  short,  impressed  and  closely  punctate,  black  lines 
of  variable  length  ;  the  upper  division  of  the  outer  left  front  claw  of  the  male 
very  small  and  very  thin,  far  removed  from  the  tip  of  the  lower  division. 

ludoviciana  Schaef. 

The  geminate  series  of  punctures  regular,  not  forming  short,  impressed,  closely  ~ 

punctate,  black  lines,  except  sometimes  at  apex  ;  the  upper  division  of  the 

outer  front  claw  of  the  male  distinct,  as  long  or  slightly  shorter  than  the 

lower  division binotata  Gyll. 

16.  Frontal  suture  carinate,  color  uniform,  testaceous 17. 

Frontal  suture  obliterated,  color  variable,  never  uniform  testaceous 18. 

17.  Elytral    striae    impressed,  very  obsoletely  punctured,  intervals   slightly  convex, 

equal,  scarcely  punctate,  only  the  first  interval  broader  and  with  an  irregu- 
lar row  of  large  punctures  at  basal  half,  surface  subopaque cavifrons  Lee. 


June,  1907  ]  SCHAEFFER  ;     NeW    ScARAB.BID.E.  71 

Elytral  strife  indistinctly  punctate,  except  the  strise  at  sides,  which  consist  each 
of  a  row  of  coarser  punctures  ;  the  first  interval  confusedly  punctate  with  large 
punctures,  surface  shining Carinifrons  Bates. 

18.  First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  shorter  than  second  ;  first  elytral  interval  divided  by  an 

irregular  row  of  punctures,  the  second  with  a  few  very  obsolete  punctures,  cly- 
peal  margin  very  broadly  reflexed,  color  testaceous,  head,  scutellum,  suture  and 

a  large  thoracic  spot  of  irregular  outline  darker semilivida  Lee. 

First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  as  long  as  second  ;  first  elytral  interval  coarsely  and  con- 
fusedly punctate,  second  with  a  row  of  coarse  punctures ;  clypeal  margin  mod- 
erately reflexed  ;  color  testaceous  ;  head,  a  large  thoracic  spot  attaining  the  base, 
suture  and  sides  of  elytra  dark  brown minuta  Burm. 

19.  Pygidium    shining,     punctured,     the    punctures    on    the    disk    generally    well 

separated 20. 

Pygidium  subopaque,  densely  rugose  and  pubescent 21. 

20.  Thorax  shining,  punctuation  sparse,   testaceous,   with  or  without  discal  piceous 

space  or  entirely  black,  elytra  from  testaceous  to  black lucicola  Fab. 

Thorax  subopaque,  very  densely  punctured  with  aeneous  luster,  side  margins  pale  ; 
elytra  testaceous  to  castaneous Oblivia  Horn. 

21.  Thora.x  coarsely  punctured,  shining,  dark  rufescent,   with  slight  ?eneous  luster, 

side  margins  pale marginata  Fab. 

Strigoderma  latitibia,  new  species. 

Form  of  pygDusa  but  larger  ;  elytra  dark  brown  to  fulvous ;  head  and  thorax 
brownish-metallic,  in  the  paler  specimens  with  side  margins  also  pale.  Head  and 
clypeus  coarsely  and  densely  punctate ;  clypeal  suture  impressed  ;  clypeus  moder- 
ately reflexed.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  at  base  as  long  ;  sides  arcuate  slightly  before 
middle,  parallel  behind,  obliquely  narrowing  to  front  angles,  which  are  right ; 
surface  coarsely  and  rather  densely  punctate,  feebly  impressed  on  each  side,  sparsely 
clothed  with  moderately  long  pale  hairs.  Scutellum  with  a  few  coarse,  irregularly 
distributed  punctures.  Elytra  slightly  longer  than  wide,  feebly  arcuate  at  sides  ; 
three  or  four  striae  nearest  suture,  regular,  the  others  more  or  less  confused,  rather 
coarsely  punctate.  Pygidium  rugose.  Front  tibia;  bidentate  ;  front  and  middle  tars 
cleft,  the  upper  division  finer  than  the  lower;  hind  tibiae  wide  and  short,  about  twice 
as  long  as  wide  at  apex.  Last  abdominal  segment  finely  and  densely  punctulate,  the 
other  segments  much  coarser  and  sparser.  Under  side  and  legs  sparsely  pubescent' 
with  cinereous  hairs.      Length  8  mm. 

Galveston,  Texas  (F.  H.  Snow). 

This  species  will  be  readily  identified  by  the  short  and  broad 
hind  tibiae  of  the  males,  which  is  the  only  sex  known  to  me. 

The  form  is  similar  to  pygmcea  but  larger  ;  the  color  is  variable,  in 
the  pale  specimens  the  sides  of  elytra  are  darker  and  the  sides  of 
thorax  pale.  The  elytral  sculpture  is  similar  to  that  oi  pygincea,  but 
the  striae  are  not  quite  as  deeply  impressed. 

Strigoderma  floridana  Ohaus. 

Stelt.  Ent.  Zeitung,  vol.  LXVI,  p.  2S5. 


72  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

This  species  was  described  from  Titusville,  Florida,  but  I  am 
unable  to  find  anything  in  the  description  by  which  it  differs  from 
pygmcea,  unless  it  is  the  ^^  relativ  kurze,  hochgeivdlhte  Halsschild.'" 
The  thorax  \n pygvicea  cannot  be  called  very  convex,  though,  if  com- 
pared with  arboricola,  it  is  certainly  more  convex  than  in  that  species. 
It  is  said  to  be  related  to  marginata  and  columbica,  and  with  the  first 
of  these  two,  pygvicea  was  given  by  Gemminger  and  Harold  as  a 
synonym.  From  his  remark  "  die  kleinste  der  mir  bekannteti  Strigoder- 
men,''  it  seems  that  Dr.  Ohaus  did  not  '^xd.wt pygviaa  when  he  described 
hisfloridana,  as  the  size  he  gives  for  the  latter  species  is  exactly  that 
oi pygmcea,  of  which  I  have  even  smaller  specimens  than  5.5  mm. 
in  length. 

Strigoderma  viridicollis,  new  species. 

Form  of  arboricola,  head,  thorax  and  sculellum  bright  green,  thorax  with  pale 
side  margin,  legs  pale  with  greenish  luster.  Head  coarsely  and  densely  punctate, 
clypeal  margin  obliterated ;  clypeus  moderately  reflexed.  Thorax  not  quite  twice  as 
wide  at  base  as  long  ;  sides  feebly  arcuate  ;  apical  angles  subacute,  basal  angles 
rounded  ;  surface  coarsely  punctate,  densely  at  sides,  slightly  more  sparsely  on  the 
disk,  intermixed  with  a  few  finer  punctures,  pubescence  moderately  long,  erect ;  at 
sides  two  oblique  impressions,  one  starting  from  near  the  apical  angles  and  the  other 
below  this,  median  line  impressed  but  not  reaching  base  or  apex.  Scutellum  irregu- 
larly punctate,  punctures  finer  than  those  on  thorax.  Elytra  one  and  a  half  times  as 
long  as  wide  at  base,  feebly  arcuately  narrowing  to  apex  ;  surface  striate-sulcate, 
punctures  of  striae  large  and  shallow  ;  intervals  very  convex,  as  wide  as  the  striae. 
Pygidium  transversely  rugose,  sparsely  hairy.  Front  tibise  bidentate ;  front  and 
middle  outer  claw  cleft,  the  upper  part  much  narrower  and  slightly  shorter  than 
the  lower.  Metasternum  coarsely  punctate ;  abdominal  segments  more  finely  and 
sparsely.     Length  9  mm. 

New  Mexico. 

I  received  this  as  a  new  species,  a  few  years  ago,  from  Mr.  E.  A. 
Schwarz. 

This  species,  of  which  I  have  seen  only  males,  looks  very  distinct 
from  arboricola,  but  I  am  unable  to  point  out  a  good  character  to 
separate  the  two,  except  the  color,  which,  according  to  a  note  made 
at  that  time,  is  constant.  It  is  possible  that  Casey's pima/is,  which  I 
do  not  know,  connects  the  two.  The  color  is  pale  testaceous,  the 
underside,  the  front  and  middle  femora  entirely,  and  the  lower  half  of 
hind  femora  bluish  black  ;  the  pygidium,  tarsi  and  upper  half  of  hind 
femora  testaceous  with  greenish  luster  ;  the  suture  greenish,  a  few  of 
the  costae  at  sides  and  antennae  piceous ;  the  head,  thorax  and  scutel- 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :     New    SCARAB^IDyE.  73 

lum  are  bright-green,  but  not  as  shining  as  in  arhoricola.  The  hind 
tarsal  joints  are  slightly  shorter  and  a  little  broader  than  those  of 
ai'boricola. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Strigoderma. 

1.  Front  tibia;  dentate,  head  coarsely  rugosely  punctate 2. 

Front  tibia;  not  dentate,  head  sparsely  punctate  (size  4  mm) exigua  Schwz. 

2.  Hind  tibire  short  and  broad,  about  twice  as  long  as  wide  at  apex  ;   upper  tooth 

of  front  tibia;  large  ;  color  variable,  head  and  thorax  cupreous  or  reneous,  with 
or  without  pale  side  margin,  elytra  dark  brown  to  pale  testaceous,  in  the  latter 

the  side  margin  often  more  or  less  dark latitibia  n.  sp. 

Hind  tibire  three  times  or  more  as  long  as  wide  at  apex 3. 

3.  Elytra  with  four  or  five  distinct,  more  or  less  entire  striae,  those  at  sides  con- 

fused, never  distinct ;  color  reneous  or  cupreous,  elytra  pale,  with  scutellar 
spot,  an  oblique  median  band  on  each  side  of  middle  and  apex  black,  or  black, 
with  circumscutellar  spot  and  a  few  spots  at  apical  third  pale  (size  5-5.6  mm. ) . 

pygmaea  Fab. 
Elytra  with  all  the  stria;  distinct  and  entire,  the  umbonal  striae  sometimes  con- 
fused by  a  row  of  coarser  punctures,  the  submarginal  striae  always  distinct,  en- 
tire and  deeply  impressed  (size  8  mm.  or  more) 4. 

4.  Head  thorax  and  scutellum  bright  green,  side    margin  of  thorax  pale,   feebly 

shining,  elytra  testaceous  with  suture  greenish  and  a  few  of  the  intervals  at 

sides  blackish viridicollis  n.  sp. 

Head  and  thorax  bluish-black  or  dull  green,  shining  ;  thorax  more  or  less  pale  or 
cupreous  or  aeneous  at  sides  ;  elytra  testaceous,  some  of  the  intervals  at  sides 
and  suture  more  or  less  infuscated,  sometimes  all  the  intervals  blackish. 

arboricola  Fab. 
Euphoria  arizonica,  new  species. 

Black,  abdomen,  legs,  antenna;  and  pygidium  reddish;  thorax,  scutellum  and  elytra 
opaque,  fulvous,  the  former  with  abroad,  black  longitudinal  mark  on  each  side  of  middle, 
elytra  with  suture,  margins  and  a  few  irregular  spots  on  the  disk  black.  Head  and 
clypeus  coarsely  and  densely  punctate  and  with  rather  dense  pale  pubescence  ;  clypeus 
as  long  as  wide,  slightly  widening  towards  apex,  side  margins  thickened,  apex  re- 
flexed,  emarginate  at  middle,  angles  rounded  ;  antennal  club  as  long  as  the  preceding 
seven  joints  together.  Thorax  as  wide  at  base  as  long,  arcuate  slightly  before 
middle,  obliquely  narrowing  to  apex,  feebly  diverging  to  base;  hind  angles  rounded, 
base  slightly  arcuate,  emarginate-truncate  at  middle  ;  surface  rather  sparsely  and 
finely  punctate  on  the  disk,  slightly  denser  at  sides,  each  puncture  bearing  a  short 
pale  hair.  Scutellum  impunctate.  Elytra  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  wide  at 
base  ;  feebly  costate  and  rather  sparsely  punctate,  each  puncture  bearing  a  short  pale 
hair.  Pygidium  feebly  convex,  rugose  and  rather  densely  clothed  with  pale  hairs. 
Front  tibia;  bidentate,  the  upper  tooth  very  feeble.  Metastermum  at  sides  and  femora 
rather  densely  clothed  with  cinereous  hairs,  tibiae  and  abdomen  more  sparsely,  the 
latter  rather  sparsely  punctate.     Length  13  mm. 

Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona. 

By  description  the  Mexican  fiilveola  must  be  very  near  arizonica, 


74  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

but  the  former  has  the  tibiae  acutely  tridentate,  while  in  arizonica  they 
are  bidentate,  with  the  second  tooth  very  feeble  and  alike  in  the  six 
specimens  (all  males),  which  I  have  seen.  The  specimens,  when 
taken,  were  by  no  means  old  and  worn,  but  were  all  fresh  and  looked 
as  if  they  had  just  emerged.  Each  of  the  two  black  thoracic  marks  in 
fulveola  is  divided  behind  middle,  while  in  arizonica  they  are  entire, 
but  specimens  of  the  former  will  undoubtedly  occur  in  which  they  are 
also  entire. 

Euphoria  leucographa  var.  rufina  Gory  &  Perch. 

Monog.  Get.,  p.   206,  tab.  37,  fig.  5. 

I  mention  this  species  here  as  there  seems  to  be  a  mistake  made 
somewhere.      Professor  Snow  recently  sent  me  a  few  specimens  of  what 
I  had  considered  to  be  the  above  species,  under  the  name  sKbtomeutosa 
var.  histrionella.     In  calling  his  attention  to  the  possibly  wrong  identi- 
fication, he  wrote  me  that  the  species  was  identified  for  him  by  Mr. 
Liebeck  and  that  the  species  stands  under  that  name  in  the  Horn  collec- 
tion, which  was  also  told  me  by  Dr.  Skinner.      Mr.  Blanchard,^  who 
mentioned  the  occurrence  of  these  two  species  in  Arizona  at  the  sug- 
gestion of  Dr.  Horn  and  who  undoubtedly  had  seen  or  received  some 
of  Horn's  specimens,  gave  a  short  description  of  each  of  these  species, 
but  they  do  not  agree  with  Dr.  Horn's  specimens  as  they  now  stand 
in  his  collection.    From  Burmeister's  descriptions  f  and  Bates  remarks, | 
however,  there  is  no  doubt  that  Mr.  Blanchard's  description  refers  to  ^ 
the  right  species.     Burmeister  separates  leucographa  from  rufina  by  the 
blackish  seneous  color,   clypeus  deeply  emarginate  and  the  antennal 
club  nearly  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  latter  is  said  to  be  shorter  than  1 
the  head  in  rufina,  in  which  the  clypeus  is  not  emarginate  and  the  color r, 
cupreo- fuscous.     The  difference  in  the  length  of  the  antennal  club  ij 
sexual,  the  emargination  of  the  clypeus  and  the  color  are  variable, 
shown  by  Bates  and  which  can  be  observed  also  in  the  Arizona  speci 
mens,  where,  however,  the  blackish  seneous  specimens  do  not  seem  to: 
occur.      The  Arizona  specimens  are  reddish,  with  slight  aeneous  tint, 
thorax  with  more  or  less  distinct,  black,  longitudinal  marks  on  each 
side  of  middle  ;  elytra  similarly  marked  with  white  spots  as  in  nielan- 
cholica,  the  disk  sometimes  more  or  less  blackish.      From  what  I  could 

*  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  XII,  p.  172. 
fBiol.  Cent.  Am.  Coleop.,  vol.  II,  pt.  2,  p.  364. 
jHandb.  d.  Entomologie,  vol.  Ill,  p.  375. 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    RhYNCHOPHORA.  75 

gather  from  the  descriptions  and  remarks  by  Burmeister  and  Bates 
leucographa  and  riifina  are  the  two  extremes  of  one  species,  though 
Bates  referred  the  northern  specimens  with  black  marks  on  thorax  also 
to  riifina,  whether  they  have  the  clypeus  emarginate  or  not. 


NEW  RHYNCHOPHORA.— II. 

By  Chas.   Schaeffer, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Otidocephalus  basalis,  new  species. 

Head  black,  coarsely  punctate,  sparsely  clothed  with  white  recumbent  setje, 
foveate  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  separated  by  about  half  of  their  own  width  ;  beak 
short,  robust,  bistriate  on  each  side,  the  discal  strife  reaching  to  apex,  the  lateral 
strife  shorter,  disk  with  an  elongate,  shallow  fovea  near  apex,  the  latter  coarsely,  but 
not  densely  punctate ;  antennae  reddish,  club  piceous,  elongate-oval.  Thorax  black, 
convex,  sides  feebly  arcuate  ;  disk  densely  and  coarsely  punctate,  a  smooth,  narrow 
median  line  distinct ;  surface  with  moderately  abundant  white  and  dark  setae,  the 
latter  less  numerous  than  the  white  and  all  directed  towards  apex.  Scutellum 
densely  clothed  with  white  pubescence.  Elytra  black,  basal  third  red,  more  than 
twice  as  long  as  wide  at  base  ;  humeri  oblique  ;  sides  gradually  widening  towards 
apical  third,  thence  arcuately  narrowing  to  apex  ;  disk  with  regular  rows  of  large, 
deep  and  closely  placed  punctures  ;  intervals  feebly  convex,  each  with  an  irregular 
row  of  smaller  punctures  ;  surface  not  densely  clothed  with  recumbent,  white,  coarser 
setse,  sparsely  intermixed  with  a  few  erect  finer,  darker  setse,  the  white  setae  more 
abundant  at  apical  third,  than  on  the  disk.  Underside  and  legs  black,  clothed  with 
recumbent  white  setae ;  prothorax  beneath,  mesosternum  and  metasternum  with 
radiate-pectinate  hairs  ;  femora  with  a  small  tooth,  front  tibiae  slightly  sinuate  within. 
Length  4.5  mm. 

Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona. 

In  form  and  vestiture  this  species  resembles  closely  estriatus  Casey, 
which  also  occurs  in  the  same  region,  but  the  well  defined  rows  of 
punctures  and  the  red  basal  space  readily  separate  the  two. 

I  have  one  specimen  from  Senator,  Arizona,  which  differs  from 
typical  estriatus  in  having  the  intervals  of  elytra  densely  punctate  and 
the  white  hairs  more  abundant.  This  gives  the  specimen  the  appear- 
ance of  a  different  species,  but  there  is  otherwise  no  difference  and 
the  punctuation  is  variable  in  the  specimens  oi  estriatus  before  me. 


76  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Otidocephalus  subglaber,  new  species. 

Head  black,  nearly  smooth,  foveate  between  the  eyes ;  the  latter  separated  by 
about  half  of  their  own  width  ;  beak  short,  stout,  smooth  at  middle,  punctate  at  apex, 
at  sides  narrowly  striate,  sides  with  a  few,  short  white  hairs,  which  are  denser 
around  the  eyes  ;  antennas  reddish,  club  piceous. ,  Thorax  rather  strongly  declivous 
in  front  and  feebly  impressed  ;  sides  feebly  arcuate,  towards  base  feebly  constricted  ; 
disk  very  sparsely  punctate  with  widely  scattered  punctures,  each  bearing  a  coarse 
white  hair.  Scutellum  very  small,  densely  clothed  with  white  pubescence.  Elytra 
black,  slightly  longer  than  twice  as  wide  at  base  ;  humeri  rounded  ;  sides  gradually 
widening  towards  apex  ;  surface  with  regular  rows  of  coarse,  deep  and  closely  placed 
punctures,  the  three  inner  rows  impressed  ;  intervals  convex,  with  a  row  of  widely 
placed  smaller  punctures,  each  bearing  a  single  coarse,  recumbent  white,  or  erect 
finer,  dark  hair.  Underside  and  legs  black  ;  clothed  with  finer  white  hairs  ;  femora 
with  a  small  tooth;  front  tibiss  narrow,  slightly  sinuate  within.     Length  3.5  mm. 

Arizona  (Dietz). 

The  very  sparsely  placed  white  coarse,  and  finer  dark  hairs  of 
elytra,  together  with  the  impressed  elytral  stride,  the  form  of  thorax 
and  the  interocular  fovea  readily  distinguish  this  species. 

Otidocephalus  arizonicus,  new  species. 

Head  black,  coarsely,  densely  punctate,  black  setae  erect,  white  setas  sparse,  short, 
recumbent,  more  dense  and  longer  between  the  eyes  ;  the  latter  separated  by  about  half 
their  own  width  ;  beak  about  as  long  as  the  thorax,  stout,  bistriate  on  each  side,  striae 
impressed  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  discal  striiK  extending  to  about  basal  half, 
lateral  stride  extending  to  apex,  surface  at  apex  irregularly  punctate ;  antennse  red- 
dish, club  piceous,  first  joint  of  funiculus  stout  and  as  long  as  second  and  third 
together,  club  elongate  oval.  Thorax  convex  ;  sides  arcuate,  feebly  constricted  at 
base ;  disk  closely  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  median  smooth  line  not  clearly 
defined ;  surface  with  numerous,  erect,  white  and  black  set^e,  the  white  denser  at  mid- 
dle of  apex  ;  at  base  and  sides  a  few  radiate-pectinate  white  hairs.  Scutellum  densely 
covered  with  white  pubescence.  Elytra  black,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  wide; 
humeri  broadly  rounded  ;  sides  slightly  widening  to  apical  third  ;  disk  with  rows  of 
deeply  impressed,  coarse  and  closely  placed  punctures ;  intervals  narrow  with  a  row 
of  irregularly  placed  finer  punctures ;  surface  with  rather  abundant  white  and  black 
setae,  the  former  more  numerous  and  slightly  shorter  than  the  black.  Underside  of 
body  black,  moderately  clothed  with  erect  white  setse;  prosternum,  mesosternum  and 
sides  of  metasternum  densely  clothed  with  radiate-pectinate  hairs.  Legs  black, 
densely-clothed  with  erect  and  semi-erect  white  setse,  intermixed  with  longer,  black 
setje  ;  femora  armed  with  a  large  triangular  tooth,  front  tibise  slightly  sinuate  within, 
the  broadest  part  at  about  middle.     Length  5.25  mm. 

Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona. 

In  general  form  and  size  of  the  femoral  tooth,  this  species  is  near- 
est viyrmex  Herbst,  but  the  front  tibiae  are  longer  with  the  broadest 
part  medially,  the  thorax  more  closely  and  coarsely  punctate  and  th 


\ 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      New    RhYNCHOPHORA.  77 

white  setae  are  abundant  on  thorax  and  elytra  and  distributed  nearly 
evenly  over  the  entire  surface  of  the  latter.  In  well  preserved  exam- 
ples radiate-pectinate  hairs  are  present  at  base  and  sides  of  prothorax 
and  around  the  scutellum. 

By  description  this  species  seems  to  be  related  to  the  Mexican 
hystricosus  and  sefiger ;  from  the  former  the  larger  femoral  tooth  sepa- 
rates it  and  from  the  latter  the  more  abundant  white  setae,  which  are 
described  in  setiger  as  coarse  white  hairs.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  also 
in  arizonicus  not  strongly  sinuate  within. 

Otidocephalus  texanus,  new  species. 

Head  black,  moderately  coarsely  and  not  densely  punctate  ;  foveate  between  the 
eyes  ;  the  latter  separated  by  half  of  their  own  width ;  beak  slightly  shorter  than  the 
thorax  dorsally,  coarsely  punctate-striate  at  sides,  slightly  curved,  punctate  at  apex  ; 
antennpe  reddish,  second  joint  of  funicle  longer  than  third,  third,  fourth,  fifth  and 
sixth  equal  in  size,  club  piceous,  nearly  as  long  as  the  preceding  five  joints.  Thorax 
slightly  convex ;  sides  feebly  arcuate ;  disk  very  sparsely  punctate  and  with  a  few 
erect  black  setse  ;  scutellum  densely  clothed  with  white  pubescence.  Elytra  elongate 
oval ;  humeri  obliquely  rounded ;  sides  gradually  widening  to  about  apical  third  ; 
surface  with  regular  rows  of  moderate,  not  deeply  impressed  punctures  ;  intervals 
wide,  almost  smooth,  with  a  few  dark  set?e  and  near  apex  a  few  white  setre.  Under- 
side and  legs  black,  with  sparse  white,  fine  hairs ;  sides  of  metastermum  densely 
clothed  with  radiate-pectinate  hairs  ;  femora  elongate,  armed  with  broad  triangular 
tooth  ;  front  tibiae  feebly  sinuate  within.      Length  5  nim. 

Brownsville,  Texas. 

The  form  of  thorax  and  antennal  club,  the  frontal  fovea  and 
feeble  punctuation  of  elytra  distinguish  this  species. 

Otidocephalus  corae  Champ. 

Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  vol.  IV,  pt.  4,  p.  262. 

Specimens  which  agree  fairly  with  the  description  of  this  species 
have  been  taken  from  oak  in  the  Huachuca  Mts.,  Arizona. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  scrobicoUis,  but  is  generally  a 
little  larger,  with  much  more  abundant  black  and  white,  erect  setae  on 
thorax  and  elytra  and  the  series  of  large  punctures  on  elytra  are  dis- 
tinctly impressed.  The  black  and  white  setae  in  this  species  are  even 
slightly  more  numerous  than  in  arizonicus,  which  it  resembles  very 
closely  in  form  and  size,  but  con^  has  only  a  small  femoral  tooth. 

In  the  following  synoptic  table,  as  well  as  in  the  descriptions,  I 
have  used  Mr.  Champion's  term  "radiate-pectinate"  for  those 
peculiar  white  or  pale  hairs  of  certain  species,  which  are  three  or  four 


78  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

branched.  I  think  that  this  term  conveys  the  peculiar  structure  of 
these  hairs  better  than  Dr.  Horn's  term  "  tufted." 

A  few  of  our  species  I  have  not  seen  ;  of  these,  the  characters  used 
in  the  table,  are  taken  from  the  descriptions. 

Otidocephaliis  poeyi  Chev.  is  unknown  to  me.  It  is  a  Cuban 
insect,  found  in  Florida  and  it  is  possible  that  cavirostris  and  />oeji  are 
the  same. 

Otidocephaliis  peiforatus  Horn,  is  not  included  in  the  table. 
Major  Casey  erected  for  this  species  the  genus  Oopterinus,  which  was 
rejected  by  Dr.  Horn,  but  accepted  by  Champion  in  the  "Biologia, " 
who  added  several  species  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala.  The  species 
of  this  genus  are  principally  distinguished  by  the  ovate  elytra,  -with 
the  humeri  obsolete,  otherwise  they  do  not  seem  to  differ  from 
Otidocephaliis  except  that  the  species  are  apterous. 

Table  of  the  Species  of  Otidocephalus. 

1.  Femora  dentate ;  beak  in  both  sexes  without  large,  dorsal  excavation  at  middle.   2. 
Femora  not  dentate  ;  beak  in  the  male  with  a  large  and  deep  dorsal  excavation 

near  middle 24. 

2.  Elytra  with  recumbent  or  subrecumbent  radiate-pectinate  hairs  and  with  erect 

setae 3. 

The  hairs  on  elytra  simple,  not  radiate-pectinate,  except  in  well  preserved  ex- 
amples of  arizonicus,  where  a  few  radiate-pectinate  hairs  may  be  present 
■near  the  scutellum  and  base  of  thorax 7. 

3.  Pubescence  of  alternate  elytral  intervals  sparse  or  absent 4. 

Pubescence  of  all  the  intervals  uniform ;   in  insignis  the  intervals  are  narrowly 

denuded  on  each  side  of  the  rows  of  punctures 5. 

4.  The  glabrous  elytral  intervals  with  a  few  widely  separated  punctures. 

vittatus  Horn. 
The  subglabrous  intervals  confusedly  and  somewhat  densely  punctured. 

nivosus  Casey. 

5.  Erect  sette  on  elytra  black  ;  pubescence  uniform  in  color,  pale  brownish-cinere- 

ous, dense  on  the  elytral  intervals,  but  denuded  in  a  narrow  space  on  each 
side  of  the  series  of  punctures,  producing  a  multivittate  appearance. 

insignis  Casey. 
Erect  setse  on  elytra  white 6. 

6.  Beak  sparsely  punctate   at  tip,  obtusely  carinate ;    pubescence  of  elytra  paler 

along  suture,  at  sides  and  middle  of  thorax ulkei  Horn. 

JBeak  coarsely  punctate,  smooth  at  middle  in  front,  not  carinate ;  pubescence  uni- 
colorous sparsus  Horn. 

7.  Elytral  series  of  punctures  distinct,  intervals  very  sparsely  punctate 9. 

Elytral  series  of  punctures  more  or  less  confused  by  the  irregular  punctuation  of 

the  intervals 8. 


June,  1907.]  SCHAEFFER  :      NeW    RhYNCHOPHORA.  79 

8.  Pubescence  of  elytra  uniformly  gray,  recumbent,  without  darker  setae  ;  form  elongate 

uniformis  Champ. 
Pubescence  of  elytra  white,  recumbent,  with  darker,  erect  setre  intermixed. 

estriatus  Casey. 

9.  Elytral  intervals  two,  four,  six  and  eight  moderately  densely  pubescent  with  grey 

hairs,  the  others  naked  and  sparsely  biseriately  punctate,  each  puncture  with  a 

hair alternatus  Horn. 

All  the  elytral  intervals  uniformly  pubescent 10. 

10.  Median  line  of  thorax  distinctly  carinate  from  base  two  thirds  to  apex  ;   elytra 

clothed  with  greyish  pubescence,  the  latter  leaving  some  smooth  spaces,  inter- 
vals with  semi-erect  black  setae  ;  femora  with  a  small  tooth  ;  color  dark  bronze. 

carinicollis  Horn. 

Median  line  of  thorax  not  carinate ;   a  narrow  smooth  median  line  is  present  in 

basalis   and    faintly   indicated   in   some   specimens  of  scrobicollis,    but   is   not 

elevated  into  a  carina 11. 

11.  Elytra  without  erect  setse  ;  color  ferruginous,  apical  half  or  more  of  elytra  black, 

very  sparsely  clothed  with  very  narrow,  recumbent,  white,  scale  like  hairs ; 
head  between  the  eyes  with  an  elongate  fovea ;  claws  not  toothed,  but  thick- 
ened towards  base dichrous  Lee. 

Elytra  with  erect  or  semi-erect  setje 12. 

12.  Color  of  elytra  uniformly  black 13. 

Elytra  black,  basal  third  or  more  bright  red,  the  rows  of  punctures  coarse  and 

deep,  intervals  sparsely  punctate  with  recumbent  white,  scale-like  hairs,  inter- 
mixed with  sparser,  erect,  black  setae  ;  femoral  tooth  small basalis  n.  sp, 

13.  Elytra  with  recumbent,    sparsely  and  very  remotely  placed  narrow,  scale-like, 

white  hairs,  intermixed  with  a  very  few  longer,  erect,  black  setae ;  coarsely 
punctate-striate,  the  first  three  striie  somewhat  deeply  impressed,  intervals  sub- 
convex  and  very  sparsely  and  remotely  punctate  ;  head  and  thorax  very  sparsely 
punctate,  almost  smooth,  the  former  between  the  eyes  with  a  distinct,  but  not 

deeply  impressed  elongate  fovea,  femoral  tooth  small subglaber  n.  sp. 

Elytra  with  erect  or  partly  semi-erect  pale  and  dark  pubescence 14. 

14.  Femoral  tooth  large  triangular 15. 

Femoral  tooth  small,  narrow 20. 

15.  Punctuation  on  the  disk  of  thorax  coarse  and  dense,  the  punctures  separated  by 

at  most  their  own  diameter ;  black  and  white  pubescence  on  head  and  thorax 
abundant,  long  and  erect,  the  white  slightly  shorter  and  suberect  on  the  disk. 

arizonicus  n.  sp. 
The  punctures  on  thorax  not  densely  placed,  disk  with  some  larger  smooth  spaces. 

16. 

16.  Elytra  with  robust  white,  and  finer  longer,  piceous  setse 17. 

The  white  setae  almost  entirely  absent  from  the  disk,  visible  at  sides  and  apex  of 

elytra  and  scarcely  more  robust  than  the  black  setse 18. 

17.  The  while  setae  on  elytra   recurved,   striae  broadly,  rather   strongly   impressed, 

coarsely,  deeply,  not  very  closely  punctate egregius  Casey. 

The  white  setse  on  elytra  erect ;  elytra  with  very  feebly  impressed  series  of  rather 
coarse,  deep,  somewhat  distant  punctures floridanus  Casey. 


80  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

18.  Front  tibice  stout,  distinctly  sinuate  within,  the  broadest  part  nearer  the  apex  than 

middle  ;  elytra  with  series  of  deeply  impressed  and  closely  placed  punctures. 

myrmex  Herbst. 

Front    tibife    rather    slender,    feebly    sinuate    within,    the    broadest    part    about 

middle 19. 

19.  Antenna!  club  oval,  as  long  as  the  three  preceding  joints  together;  thorax  con- 

vex ;  punctures  of  elytral  series  deeply  impressed,  those  of  the  intervals  dis- 
tinct, remote  and  slightly  smaller  than  those  of  the  regular  series. 

ruficornis  Casey. 

Antennal  club  elongate-oval,  pointed   at  apex,  nearly  as  long  as  the  preceding 

five  joints  together  ;  punctures  of  elytral  series  feebly  impressed,  those  of  the 

intervals  extremely  fine  and  almost  absent texanus  n.  sp. 

20.  Eyes  separated  by  much  less  than  half  of  their  own  width 23. 

Eyes  widely  separated 21. 

21.  Head  with  a  few,  sparse  punctures;  between  the  eyes  a  large,  elongate  fovea; 

elytral  setce  very  few  and  short  ;  front  femora  elongate  ;   elytra  strongly  widen- 
ing behind chevrolatii  Horn. 

Head  closely  and  coarsely  punctate,  without  fovea  between  the  eyes ;  elytral 
setae  long  and  abundant,  front  femora  clavate  near  apex,  elytra  feebly  widen- 
ing behind 22. 

22.  Elytral  series  of  punctures  distinctly  impressed corae  Champ. 

Elytral  series  of  punctures  not  impressed  on  the  disk scrobicollis  Boh. 

23.  Elytra  with  a  few  moderately  long,  very  sparsely  placed  white  setre  on  the  alter- 

nate intervals,  except  at  apex  ;   the  rows  of  punctures  not  impressed. 

laevicollis  Horn. 

Elytra  with   long,  sparsely  placed,  white  setce  on  all  the  intervals;   the  rows  of 

punctures  visibly  impressed speculator  Casey. 

24.  Very  small,  elytra  distinctly  punctate-striate,  intervals  flat,  almost  smooth,  each 

interval  with  only  a  very  few  erect,  white  hairs cavirostris  Casey. 


NEW  GENERA  AND  SPECIES  OF  NORTH  AMERI- 
CAN  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

By  H.   C.   Fall, 
Pasadina,  Cal. 

During  the  past  few  years  isolated  descriptions  of  a  number  of  new 
species  of  longicorns  have  been  drawn  up  by  the  writer,  and  it  is 
thought  best  to  bring  these  together  in  a  short  paper  at  this  time. 

It  is  believed  that  the  species  are  all  sufficiently  distinct  to  warrant 
this  procedure. 


June,  1907]  Fall:    North  American  Cerambycid^.  81 

Neoclytus  modestus,  new  species. 

Piceous,  legs  brownish,  antennae  dark  rufous  ;  pubescence  of  upper  surface  dark 
brown,  suffused  almost  throughout  with  white  hairs,  which  are  sparser  and  less  con- 
spicuous posteriorly.  Anterior  and  middle  elytral  bands  reduced  to  a  sutural  spot, 
the  latter  often  entirely  lacking  ;  posterior  band  very  narrow,  directed  obliquely  back- 
ward from  the  suture,  then  curved  forward  exteriorly  ;  this  also  sometimes  reduced  to 
a  sutural  spot.  Antennae  slightly  longer  than  half  the  body  {  $  ),  shorter  than  half 
the  body  (  9  );  head  hoary,  densely  punctate.  Prothorax  slightly  longer  than  wide, 
without  markings,  the  white  hairs  denser  along  the  basal  margin  ;  discal  asperities 
small,  not  confined  to  the  median  line.  Elytra  narrowed  posteriorly,  scutellum  and 
basal  margin  rather  densely  suffused  with  white  ;  markings  of  same  color  ;  apex 
obliquely  truncate  and  acuminate.  Beneath  with  white  pubescence  which  is  con- 
densed at  the  posterior  margins  of  the  meso-  and  metasternal  episterna  ;  abdomen 
uniformly  sparsely  pubescent.      Hind  thighs  not  spinose  at  apex.      Length  9-12  mm. 

California  (Pasadena  and  Kaweah);  collections  of  Dr.  Fenyes, 
Mr.  Hopping  and  the  author. 

Rather  closely  allied  to  the  eastern  longipes,  but  differs  in  its  less 
elongate  prothorax,  normally  reduced  markings  and  uniformly 
pubescent  abdomen. 

Neoclytus  carus,  new  species. 

Black,  prothorax  with  a  straight,  median,  transverse,  pale  yellow  fascia  which  is 
interrupted  at  middle  ;  the  basal  margin  also  narrowly  pale.  Scutellum  densely 
pale  pubescent,  base  of  elytra  narrowly  suffused  with  yellowish  white  hairs,  and  with 
three  sharply  defined  pale  fascise  as  follows.  First  fascia  at  about  the  basal 
fourth,  a  little  oblique,  nearly  straight,  slightly  narrowed  at  the  middle  of  its  length  ; 
median  fascia  lunate,  convex  posteriorly,  a  little  more  advanced  at  the  suture  than 
exteriorly  ;  third  fascia  near  apical  fourth,  very  narrow,  posteriorly  oblique  and 
slightly  arcuate,  apical  margin  with  yellow  hairs  which  extend  narrowly  along  the 
suture  but  do  not  reach  the  posterior  fascia.  Beneath  with  the  usual  meso-  and  met- 
episternal  spots,  the  former  whitish,  the  latter  yellow  ;  abdomen  with  segments  I-4  m. 
margined  with  yellow  posteriorly.  Antennae  scarcely  half  the  length  of  the  body  (  9  ) . 
Prothorax  slightly  elongate,  with  both  median  and  lateral  asperities.  Elytra 
obliquely  truncate,  the  sutural  and  outer  angles  slightly  prominent.  Posterior  femora 
rather  feebly  clavate,  not  spinose  at  tip,  hind  tibia;  straight  and  very  little  widened 
apically.      Length  9-II  mm. 

Southern  California  (Mountains  near  Pasadena). 

Two  examples  only  of  this  very  pretty  species  have  been  seen. 
The  type  was  taken  by  the  writer  in  June  at  an  elevation  of  about 
3,000  ft.  A  second  example  in  Dr.  Fenyes'  collection  is  labeled  "  Mt. 
Lowe,"  elevation  not  indicated. 

This  species  would  perhaps  best  follow  niiiricatuliis  as  our  species 
are  at  present  arranged,  but  is  not  very  closely  related  to  any. 


82  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

Neoclytus  tenuiscriptus,  new  species. 

Red-brown,  scutellum  and  three  elytral  fascice  yellow.  First  two  fasciae  very 
narrow  and  approximate,  the  first  a  little  oblique,  nearly  straight  and  of  uniform 
width,  bent  forward  a  little  at  its  outer  end  which  is  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  side 
margin  ;  second  fascia  rather  strongly  anteriorly  angulate  near  the  suture,  its  outer 
portion  strongly  oblique  and  slightly  arcuate  ;  posterior  fascia  just  behind  the  apical 
fourth,  wider  than  the  others,  of  nearly  equal  width,  oblique,  and  straight  or  slightly 
posteriorly  arcuate.  Beneath  thinly  pubescent,  lateral  episternal  spots  as  usual,  hind 
margin  of  metasternum  and  of  first  ventral  segment  narrowly  yellow  ;  second  ven- 
tral more  broadly  margined  with  yellow  especially  externally.  Prothoracic  rugae 
mainly  confined  to  the  median  line,  though  with  traces  of  lateral  elevations  in  most 
examples.  Thighs  strongly  pedunculate,  hind  tibiae  strongly  compressed  and  moder- 
ately dilated  apically,  femora  not  distinctly  spinose  at  tip.     Length  10-12^  mm. 

Southern  California  (Pasadena;   Claremont). 

Quite  closely  related  to  approximatiis,  in  which  however  the  elytral 
bands  are  wider,  especially  the  anterior  and  posterior  ones  near  the 
suture,  and  the  spacing  is  also  a  little  different.  The  elytral  apices 
are  obliquely  truncate  in  both  species  but  a  little  more  widely  so  in 
approximatiis. 

Eudistenia,  new  genus. 

Elongate,  subcylindrical ;  palpi  not  very  unequal,  terminal  joints  longer  than 
wide,  moderately  dilated,  truncate ;  eyes  moderately  granulated,  almost  completely 
divided,  the  upper  lobe  small.  Antennae  very  slender,  much  longer  than  the  body 
in  the  $ ,  equal  in  length  to  the  body  in  the  9  >  not  compressed,  neither  spined  nor 
tuberculate,  sparsely  hairy  beneath,  second  joint  very  short,  outer  joints  decreasing 
in  length.  Prothorax  a  little  wider  than  long,  rather  strongly  constricted  at  base, 
sides  obtusely  tuberculate  posteriorly.  Scutellum  obtusely  triangular,  elytral  apices 
separately  rounded.  Prosternal  process  rather  narrow  but  distinctly  separating  the 
coxae,  which  are  rounded  and  moderately  prominent ;  front  and  middle  coxal  cavities 
angulate  externally ;  metasternal  episterna  narrow,  not  much  wider  in  front.  Legs 
moderate,  thighs  not  strongly  clavate,  tibial  spurs  short. 

This  genus  is  founded  on  a  fine  large  Californian  species  whose 
immediate  affinities  are  not  entirely  clear.  There  can  be  little  doubt 
that  it  should  be  placed  in  the  Cerambycini  though  the  eyes  are  less 
coarsely  granulate  than  is  the  rule  in  this  tribe.  The  ligulals  appa- 
rently corneous,  at  least  in  part,  and  is  broadly  rather  deeply  emargi- 
nate.  This  together  with  the  distinctly  visible  front  trochantins  throw 
it  into  the  group  (Ernes,  with  the  members  of  which  it  agrees  in  the 
aggregate  quite  as  well  as  they  agree  with  one  another,  departing 
from  the  majority  of  them  in  the  narrow  more  parallel  metasternal 
episterna,  less  unequal  palpi  and  style  of  punctuation,  which  latter  is 
of  the  type  prevailing  in  Brothylus. 


June,  1907.]  Fall  :    North  Ajnierican  Cerambycid^.  83 

Eudistenia  costipennis,  new  species. 

Subparallel,  dorsum  of  elytra  moderately  flattened,  pubescence  short,  recumbent, 
moderately  dense,  ochreo-cinereous,  elytra  with  three  strongly  angulate  narrow  black- 
ish brown  fasciae,  the  subapical  one  less  distinctly  defined.  Head  and  prothorax  finely 
punctulato-rugose,  the  latter  with  an  anterior  transverse  series  of  four  feebly  defined 
tubercles,  two  discal  the  others  lateral,  and  with  a  better  marked  but  obtuse  posterior 
lateral  tubercle,  behind  which  the  thorax  is  cylindrically  constricted.  Elytra  a  little 
wider  than  the  thorax,  humeri  rectangular  and  narrowly  rounded,  each  with  two 
entire  costas  and  a  short  basal  inner  one,  the  suture  also  a  little  elevated,  surface 
sculpture  apparently  like  that  of  the  head  and  thorax  but  more  completely  concealed 
by  the  pubescence  except  for  numerous  larger  nude  punctures  irregularly  scattered 
over  the  surface.  Beneath  finely  punctate  and  cinereous  pubescent.  Length 
17-23  mm. 

Southern  California.   , 

Five  examples  taken  by  Dr.  Fenyes  and  the  writer  near  the  summit 
of  the  Sierra  Madre  mountains  above  Pasadena,  and  one  example  from 
mountains  near  Claremont  (Baker).  One  specimen  was  beaten  from 
live  oak,  in  which  the  insect  probably  breeds. 

This  species  bears  a  somewhat  striking  superficial  resemblance  in 
size  and  markings  to  Distenia  undata. 

Aside  from  the  disparity  in  length  of  antenna  there  is  apparently 
little  sexual  difference.  The  fifth  ventral  is  subequal  in  length  to  the 
fourth  and  rounded  at  apex  in  both  sexes,  but  more  broadly  so  in  the 
male. 

Leptostytus  yuccivorus,  new  species. 

Piceous,  clothed  rather  densely  throughout  with  short,  appressed,  cinereous 
pubescence  mingled  on  the  elytra  with  very  short  erect  pale  hairs  which  are  incon- 
spicuous except  in  profile.  Antennae  subequal  in  length  to  the  body,  only  slightly 
longer  in  the  male.  Prothorax  transverse,  obtusely  tuberculate  at  sides,  the  apex  of  ■ 
the  tubercle  just  behind  the  middle  ;  disk  with  an  elongate  median  callosity  in  pos- 
terior half  and  two  rounded  anterior  ones,  all  feebly  elevated  and  nearly  smooth  ; 
disk  otherwise  uniformly  moderately  closely  but  not  coarsely  punctate ;  pubescence 
uniformly  cinereous  except  for  two  apical  and  two  basal  spots  in  the  form  of  a  square  ; 
flanks  sparsely  punctate,  nearly  smooth  at  middle.  Elytra  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
wide,  about  one  half  wider  than  the  prothorax  and  nearly  five  times  as  long,  disk 
entirely  devoid  of  tubercles  or  tufts  of  hair  but  with  three  smooth  obtuse  and  slightly 
elevated  longitudinal  lines  which  vary  a  little  in  distinctness  ;  pubescence  cinereous 
with  more  or  less  evident  blackish  vitt^e  toward  the  side  and  apex.  The  raised  lines 
are  frequently  a  little  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  surface,  the  pubescence  taking  on  in 
consequence  an  ochreous  tint  which  alternates  with  the  darker  vittss  ;  punctuation 
dense  and  rather  coarse  at  base,  finer  apically  ;  apices  not  at  all  truncate.  Beneath 
minutely  densely  punctulate  and  uniformly  cinereous  pubescent ;  tibije  feebly  annu- 
late, intercoxal  process  of  prosternum  narrower  than  the  width  of  the  coxal  cavity. 
Length  13  mm. 


84  JouRNAf,  New  York  Entomological  Societv.        [Voi.  xv. 

Numerous  examples  taken  by  Professor  Snow  at  San  Bernardino 
Ranch,  Douglas,  Arizona,  where  they  were  found  breeding  in  stems 
of  yucca.  Rather  larger  than  any  other  species  of  our  fauna  ;  by  the 
latest  table  it  would  stand  nQdiX  perpkxus. 

Liopus  decorus,  new  species. 

Not  very  robust,  densely  clothed  with  short  prostrate  cinereous  hair,  maculate 
with  black  as  follows  :  prothorax  with  two  round  anterior  spots  and  the  median  line 
posteriorly,  these  usually  more  or  less  coalescent  and  diffuse  ;  elytra  with  a  rather  large 
lateral  spot  just  before  the  middle,  and  at  the  posterior  third  a  common  more  or  less 
evidently  angulate  fascia  which  is  more  or  less  irregular  and  is  usually  broken  up 
externally  into  small  black  spots  ;  there  are  also  small  black  spots  scattered  over  the 
surface,  those  at  the  middle  sometimes  imperfectly  continuing  the  median  lateral  spot 
to  the  suture.  Punctuation  well  developed  throughout,  erect  tufts  of  setae  entirely 
wanting.  Lateral  spine  of  prothorax  at  the  posterior  third  or  fourth.  Length  5-6 
mm.,  width  1.8-2.3  mm. 

Williams,  Arizona.  July.  Collected  by  Schwarz  and  Barber  and 
by  the  writer. 

A  very  pretty  species,  which  Mr.  Schwarz  has  referred  to  centralis 
Lee.  The  latter,  however,  is  more  robust,  somewhat  differently 
marked,  the  prothoracic  spine  is  said  to  be  just  behind  the  middle, 
and  the  elytra  bear  small  tufts  of  black  scales. 

Ataxia  sulcata,  new  species. 

Dark  brown,  nearly  parallel,  sparsely  pubescent  with  brownish  ochreous  hairs, 
with  a  few  white  hairs  intermixed.  Head  finely  densely  punctulate,  with  scattered 
coarser  punctures.  Antennae  (  9  )  scarcely  as  long  as  the  body,  feebly  annulate 
externally.  Prothorax  about  as  long  as  wide,  base  evidently  wider  than  the  apex, 
sides  broadly  arcuate  and  rather  feebly  tuberculate  at  middle,  base  with  a  marginal 
impressed  line,  disk  closely  punctate,  median  line  plainly  carinate  anteriotjy  in  some 
examples,  scarcely  so  in  others.  Elytra  nearly  parallel,  broadly  rounded  and  scarcely 
truncate  at  apex,  each  with  five  or  six  discal  sulci  which  are  gradually  shallower 
externally  ;  sides  not  sulcate  ;  punctures  arranged  in  nearly  regular  rows,  each  having 
a  short  semi-erect  hair;  pubescence  otherwise  very  short  and  recumbent.  Length 
12-15  niiii. 

Florida  (Key  Largo).  ^^ 

Two  examples,  both  apparently  females,  received  from  Mr.  Beyer. 
Distinguishable  at  once  from  our  other  species  by  the  sulcate  elytra 
and  very  sparse  pubescence. 

Ataxia  setulosa  new  species. 

Rather  slender,  parallel,  very  densely  clothed  with  recumbent  ochreous  hair, 
with  the  usual  fine  suberect  setae  arising  from  the  elytral  punctures  darker  in  color ; 
elytra   also  with  numerous  setiform  fascicules    each   consisting  of  from   three   to  six 


June,  1907  ]  Fall  :    North  American  Ceramp>ycid.«.  85 

white  hairs.  Antennae  slightly  longer  than  the  body  (  <?  ),  very  feebly  annulate 
■externally.  Prothorax  cylindrical,  slightly  longer  than  wide,  sides  straight,  strongly 
tuberculate  just  before  the  middle,  base  and  apex  nearly  equal  in  width,  disk  obtusely 
tuberculate,  each  side  before  the  middle,  median  line  finely  carinate  in  front  and 
with  a  narrow  line  of  white  hairs  in  its  posterior  third.  Scutellum  white.  Elytra 
parallel,  not  sulcate,  sparsely  punctured  in  series,  the  sculpture  however  nearly  con- 
cealed by  the  dense  vestiture,  apex  obliquely  truncate  internally.      Length  10-12  mm. 

Santa  Rosa,  Lower  California  (Beyer). 

Unique  among  our  species  in  the  character  of  the  elytral  vestiture. 

Our  four  species  of  Ataxia  separate  as  follows  : 

Elytral  apices  spinose  [Southern  Florida  and  Cuba] spinicauda  Schaef. 

Elytral  apices  rounded  or  more  or  less  obliquely  truncate. 

Elytral  disk  distinctly  sulcate,  vestiture  very  sparse  [Southern  Florida]. 

sulcata  n.  sp. 
Elytral  disk  not  sulcate,  vestiture  dense. 

Elytra  without  fascicules  of  white  hair  ;   antennse  distinctly  annulate  [Penn- 
sylvania to  New  Mexico] crypta  Say. 

Elytra  with  setiform  fascicules  of  white  hairs  ;  antennae  feebly  or  scarcely 
annulate  [Lower  California]  setulosa  n.  sp. 

A  specimen  collected  at  Cayamas,  Cuba,  by  Mr.  Schwarz  has  been 
sent  me  with  the  label  spinipennis  Chev.  attached.  This  is  precisely 
like  a  typical  example  of  spinicauda  received  from  Mr.  Schaeffer.  If 
the  Cuban  specimen  is  really  Chevrolat's  species,  spinicauda  becomes 
a  synonym,  but  as  Mr.  Schaeffer  remarks,  the  specimens  do  not  agree 
very  well  with  Chevrolat's  description,  and  such  action  is  not  yet 
warranted. 

Lianema,  new  genus. 

Very  slender,  cylindrical.  Palpi  short  and  unequal  but  similar  in  form,  the  last 
joint  a  little  dilated  and  narrowly  obliquely  truncate  at  apex.  Antennae  exceedingly 
slender,  fully  twice  as  long  as  the  body,  nearly  invisibly  pubescent;  first  joint  about 
as  long  as  the.  head,  gradually  widened,  without  apical  spine ;  second  joint  as  long 
as  wide  and  about  one  fourth  the  length  of  the  third  ;  joints  3-6  increasing  in  length, 
the  third  scarcely  as  long  as  the  first,  the  sixth  about  twice  the  length  of  the  first ; 
6-10  subequal ;  eleventh  nearly  as  long  as  the  four  preceding.  Eyes  moderately 
coarsely  granulate,  deeply  emarginate,  upper  lobe  relatively  small,  separated  both 
above  and  beneath  by  a  distance  equal  to  half  the  apical  width  of  the  prothorax. 
Front  nearly  flat,  rather  deeply  impressed  or  concave  just  behind  the  labrum.  Pro- 
thorax much  longer  than  wide,  cylindrical,  slightly  dilated  before  the  base,  broadly 
feebly  constricted  behind  the  apex,  base  broadly  emarginate  from  side  to  side,  apex 
truncate.  Elytra  subparallel,  slightly  wider  than  and  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the 
prothorax,  evidently  shorter  than  the  abdomen.  Prosternum  very  long  before  the 
coxae,  the  intercoxal  process  nearly  flat  and  about  half  as  wide  as  the  coxa  ;  cavities 


86  Journal  New  York:  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

open  behind  and  angulate  externally.  Middle  coxa  a  little  more  distant  than  the 
front  ones,  mesosternum  acutely  triangular,  metasternum  very  long;  ventral  segments 
subequal,  the  fifth  elongate,  narrowly  rounded  and  feebly  emarginate  posteriorly. 
Thighs  clavate,  tibiee  linear,  not  grooved  within  ;  tarsi  very  slender,  subequal  in 
length  to  the  tibiie,  first  joint  almost  as  long  as  the  remainder,  last  joint  nearly  equal 
to  the  two  preceding ;  claws  divaricate,  dilated  a  little  at  base. 

This  genus  is  founded  on  a  peculiar  little  species  from  Lower 
California.  It  must  evidently  be  classed  with  the  Methiini  but  is  re- 
markably distinct  from  all  our  previously  established  genera  in  its 
very  long  tarsi  and  rather  widely  separated  front  and  middle  coxae. 
It  may  be  placed  before  Idoimea. 

The  type  species  requires  but  a  short  description  in  addition  to 
the  above  diagnosis. 

Lianema  tenuicornis,  new  species. 

Linear,  uniformly  dark  brownish  testaceous,' very  finely  and  sparsely  pubescent, 
dull.  Prothorax  alutaceous  and  finely  not  closely  punctulate,  disk  before  the  middle 
with  a  minute  dentiform  tubercle  each  side  the  median  line.  Elytra  closely,  finely, 
indistinctly  punctulate.  Prosternum  feebly  transversely  wrinkled,  smooth  and  shining 
in  front,  alutaceous  behind,  with  scattered  rather  course  punctures  throughout. 
Abdomen  moderately  shining  and  sparsely  punctured.     Length  5  mm. 

Lower  California  (El  Taste). 

A  single  example,  probably  a  male,  collected  by  Mr.  Beyer. 

Methia  aestiva,  new  species. 

Piceo-testaceous,  the  elytra  with  more  or  less  defined  alternating  pale  and  dark 
vittse  in  fully  colored  examples;  surface  dull,  finely  punctate  and  moderately  pubes- 
cent ;  legs  and  antennae  hairy.  Antennae  much  longer  than  the  body  in  both  sexes, 
second  joint  very  small,  button-like,  but  quite  distinct;  joints  3-1 1  slightly  decreas- 
ing in  length.  Eyes  very  large,  subcontiguous  on  the  vertex,  almost  divided.  Pro- 
thorax  as  wide  as  long,  scarcely  or  but  very  feebly  constricted  at  base  and  apex,  sides 
moderately  arcuate  ;  disk  in  front  with  a  faint  callosity  each  side  the  median  line. 
Elytra  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  nearly  parallel  in  the  female,  a  little  shorter 
and  evidently  narrowed  behind  in  the  male,  tips  a  little  dehiscent  and  separately 
rounded  ;  beneath  more  shining  and  with  the  abdomen  less  finely  and  more  sparsely 
punctate  than  above  ;  thighs  not  clavate,  front  tibia;  evidently  obliquely  grooved 
within,  first  tarsal  joint  subequal  to  the  last,  each  about  as  long  as  the  second  and 
third  united.     Length  5-8^  mm. 

Pasadena,  California.  Attracted  to  electric  lights  in  August  and 
September. 

This  species,  like  the  ino7-mona  of  Linell,  differs  from  Methia  as 
defined  by  LeConte  in  its  visible  second  antennal  joint,  but  seems 
best  referred  here  for  the  present.      It    differs  from  monnona  in  its 


June,  1907.]  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^.  87 

smaller  size  and  different  coloration,  and  in  the  elytra  being  shorter 
than  the  abdomen  (though  not  very  much  so)  nearly  as  in  typical 
Methia.  The  fifth  ventral  in  the  female  is  broad,  pale  in  color,  tri- 
angularly emarginate  from  side  to  side,  the  emargination  fringed  with 
capitate  hairs  in  addition  to  the  usual  pubescence.  In  the  male  the 
fifth  ventral  is  also  broadly  though  less  triangularly  emarginate,  the 
following  segments  visible  in  and  behind  the  emargination,  the  pubes- 
cence of  the  usual  form. 


Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  IV,  DIPTERA. 

A  PRELIMINARY  LIST  OF  NEBRASKA  SYRPHID^ 
WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 

By  Paul  R.   Jones, 
Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

In  making  this  list  of  the  Nebraska  Syrphidse  the  writer  has 
examined  and  included  all  published  records,  and  determined  the  col- 
lection of  the  University  of  Nebraska.  I  desire  to  thank  Mr.  Myron 
H.  Swenk  for  his  criticism  and  valuable  suggestions,  and  Dr.  S.  W. 
Williston  for  kindly  verifying  some  of  my  determinations. 

I.   MICRODON  Meigen. 

1.  Microdon  coarctatus  Loew. 

Three  males  from  Sioux  County,  Nebraska.  Formerly  recorded 
from  District  of  Columbia,  Mexico  and  Florida. 

2.  Microdon  lanceolatus  Adams. 

9.  Length  ii  mm.  Head  black,  subfulgent,  covered  with  yellowish  white 
pile,  eyes  bare.  Ar.tennEe  black,  first  joint  a  trifle  longer  than  the  second  and  third 
together,  second  joint  nearly  two  thirds  as  long  as  third  joint,  third  when  viewed  from 
side  lanceolate  as  in  the  male,  and  subconical  when  viewed  from  above  ;  arista  basal, 
bare,  a  little  longer  than  the  third  joint,  yellowish,  darker  at  the  base..  Face  black, 
subfulgent,  coarsely  and  sparsely  punctured,  pile  lighter.  Thorax  black,  subfulgent, 
mesonotum  and  scutellum  thickly  yellowish  white  pilose,  pleura  more  sparsely  so, 
scutellum  without  spines.  Thorax  and  scutellum  more  finely  punctate  than  the  face. 
Abdomen  black,   finely  punctate,  black    pilose  except  second  segment  and    lateral 


88  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

borders  of  all  the  segments  which  are  yellowish-white  pilose.  Legs  black,  black 
pilose  except  the  under  side  which  is  yellow  pilose,  pulvilli  yellow.  Wings  lightly 
infuscated,  veins  black. 

One  female,  War  Bonnet  Canon,  Sioux  County,  Nebraska,  alti- 
tude 5,000  feet  (M.  A.  Carriker).  Formerly  recorded  from  a  male 
taken  at  Englewood,  Kansas,  from  the  description  of  which  the  above 
shows  some  variation. 

3.  Microdon  tristis  Loew. 

A  female  from  West  Point,  Nebraska,  June  27,  1906  (P.  R. 
Jones),  and  a  male  and  female  from  Halsey,  Nebraska,  June  i,  1906 
(L.  Bruner).  The  specimen  from  West  Point  agrees  with  Williston's 
description  of  the  variety  ruficriis. 

2.  CHRYSOTOXUM  Meigen. 

1 .  Chrysotoxum  derivatum  Walker. 

Specimens  from  West  Point,  Nebraska  and  Glen,  Sioux  County, 
Nebraska. 

2.  Chrysotoxum  pubescens  Loew, 

One  male  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

3.  CHRYSOGASTER  Meigen. 

1.  Chrysogaster  lata  Loew. 

A  male  and  female  taken  at  Bad  Lands,  mouth  of  Monroe  Cafion, 
Sioux  County,  Nebraska,  May  28,  1901,  on  Astragalus  (L.  Bruner). 

Shining  bronze-black,  everywhere  with  short  whitish  pile.  A  silvery  white  cross 
band  on  the  upper  part  of  the  face  below  the  antennas,  narrower  in  the  middle  so  that 
there  appears  to  be  two  triangles  with  their  apices  together.  Legs  wholly  black. 
Wings  sublutescent,  slightly  clouded  below  the  stigma.  The  front  is  only  lightly 
rugose  on  the  sides,  facial  tubercle  wanting  and  epistoma  produced.  The  male  which 
had  not  been  taken  heretofore  is  similar  to  the  female  except  that  it  is  smaller  and  the 
abdomen  is  not  so  wide. 

Formerly  recorded  from  British  North  America  and  Oregon.' 

2.  Chrysogaster  nigripes  Loew. 

One  male  from  Cedar  Bluffs,  Nebraska. 

Face  is  distinctly  tuberculate,  the  epistoma  more  projecting  than  the  description 
indicates,  and  the  antennse  are  darker.  The  face  has  a  broad  white  dusted  cross- 
band  on  the  upper  part  just  below  the  antennae.     Wings  blackish,  lighter  toward  the 

base. 

Formerly  recorded  from  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Connecticut, 
North  Carolina  and  Quebec. 


June,  1907.]  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^.  89 

3.  Chrysogaster  nitida  Wiedemann. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  and  West  Point,  Nebraska. 

4.  Chrysogaster  pictipennis  Loew. 

Specimens  from  Roca,  Lincoln,  Cedar  Bluffs,  West  Point  and 
Ashland,  Nebraska.      Our  most  common  species  of  the  genus. 

4.    PIPIZA  Fallen. 

1.  Pipiza  femoralis  Loew. 

One  male  from  Roca,  Nebraska,  May,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones).  It 
agrees  completely  with  Loew's  description  except  that  the  eyes  and 
face  are  more  pilose. 

Formerly  recorded  from  Illinois,  Missouri,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Quebec. 

2.  Pipiza  f estiva  Meigen.  Y" 

Two  females  from  Roca,  Nebraska,  May,  1906,  on  Fragaria  vir- 
giniana  (P.  R.  Jones). 

Length  8  mm.  Front  and  face  long  white  pilose,  black  pilose  fat  the  base  of 
antennae  and  ocelli.  Antennae  brown,  darker  on  apical  part  of  third  joint  which  is 
broad,  and  as  Loew  says  trapezoidal.  Abdomen  shining  bronze-black,  second  seg- 
ment with  two  nearly  quadrate  sulphur-yellow  spots.  Legs  yellow  with  black  femora, 
tibiae  brown  in  the  middle.  Wings  hyaline  at  the  base,  smoky  on  the  outer  half  so 
that  they  appear  to  have  a  large  brown  spot  below  the  stigma  in  the  center  of  the 
wing. 

This  is  the  first  definite  record  of  this  species  being  taken  in  the 
United  States.  Williston  says  in  his  monograph:  "  I  give  the  de- 
scription of  this  species,  although  it  is  not  known  for  certain  that  it 
occurs  in  this  country,  it  being  given  in  Osten  Sacken's  catalogue, 
with  the  remark,  'or  a  species  allied  to  it,'  as  occurring  in  Canada." 

3.  Pipiza  pisticoides  Williston. 

A  male  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  which  coincides  with  Williston's 
description. 

Formerly  recorded  from  New  Hampshire,  Alaska,  Maine,  New 
York,  Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

5.   PARAGUS  Latreille. 
I.  Paragus  bicolor  Fabricius,  var.  testaceus  Meigen.  v- 

Male  specimens  from  Halsey,  Cedar  Bluffs,  West  Point  and  Lin- 
coln, Nebraska. 

I  have  one  male  from  West  Point,  Nebraska,  which  I  am  unable 


90  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

to  determine.  It  has  the  black  median  facial  stripe  which  is  character- 
istic of  P,  tibialis^  but,  like  P.  bicolor,  it  also  has  a  narrow  yellow 
border  on  the  scutellum.  The  abdomen  is  devoid  of  any  of  the  red 
markings  which  appear  on  some  varieties  of  P.  tibialis,  but  it  has  arcu- 
ate, pilose  spots  like  those  found  on  some  varieties  of  P.  bicolor. 

2.   Paragus  tibialis  Fallen,  var.  haemorrhous  Meigen. 

Two  males  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

Var.?  Two  males  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  with  the  fourth,  fifth 
and  sixth  segments  red.  Var.?  Four  males  from  Lincoln,  Cams,  and 
Cedar  Bluffs,  Nebraska,  with  the  fourth  segment  and  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen  red. 

6.    CHILOSIA  Meigen. 

1.  Chilosia  comosa  Loew. 

One  female  from  Sioux  County,  Nebraska.  The  face  is  deeply 
concave  beneath  the  antennae  and  the  tubercle  is  prominent. 

Formerly  recorded  from  Colorado,  English  River,  Winnipeg  and 
St.  Hilaire,  Quebec. 

2,  Chilosia  laevifrons,  new  species. 

$.  Length  7.65  mm.  Greenish  black,  shining.  Eyes  bare,  front  slightly 
sulcate,  black,  -subfulgent,  nearly  as  wide  as  in  C.  tarda,  nearly  bare,  sparsely 
punctured,  and  covered  with  very  short,  sparse,  yellowish  pile.  Face  black,  shining, 
bare  except  a  few  short  whitish  hairs  on  the  orbits,  gently  concave  to  the  tubercle 
which  is  more  prominent  than  the  antennal  projection,  a  deeper  concavity  from  the 
tubercle  to  the  epistoma,  lateral  grooves  long  and  deep.  First  antennal  joint  black, 
second  reddish  brown,  third  red,  subquadrate.  Arista  of  third  joint  dark  brown  and 
finely  pubescent.  Thorax  and  scutellum  shining  black  with  a  decided  greenish  tinge, 
and  covered  with  long  yellowish  pile,  the  pile  on  the  scutellum  being  longer  than 
that  on  the  thorax.  Scutellum  finely  punctate  and  without  bristly  hairs.  Abdomen 
shining,  greenish  metallic,  covered  with  long  bright  yellowish  pile,  longer  on  the 
lateral  borders,  first  segment  shining,  second  opaque,  third  opaque  except  an  anterior 
lateral  spot  on  each  side,  remaining  segments  shining.  Legs  black,  tip  of  femora, 
base  and  tip  of  tibiae,  metatarsi  and  first  two  joints  of  tarsi  yellowish  red.  Wings 
cinereous  hyaline  tinged  with  brown  from  stigma  toward  the  base  and  center,  veins 
brown.     Squama  yellowish,  yellow  ciliate.     Halteres  brownish. 

Type. — Roca,  Nebraska,  May  12,  1906,  on  Fragaria  virginiana 
(P.  R.  Jones),  i  c^. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  C.  tarda,  but  can  be  separated  by 
its  nearly  bare  front,  color  of  the  antennse,  shape  of  the  third  antennal 
joint,  and  larger  size.  The  first  two  joints  of  the  tarsi  of  C.  Icevifrons 
are  yellowish  red  while  only  the  basal  joints  of  C.  tarda  are  red. 


June,  1907.1  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^e.  91 

3.   Chilosia  punctulata  Hunter. 

Described  by  Hunter  from  two  females  from  West  Point,  Nebraska, 
in  Canada  Ent.,  Vol.  XXIX,  p.  128. 

7.   CHALCOMYIA  Williston. 
I.  Chalcomyia  aerea  Loew. 

One  female  from  Cedar  Bluffs,  Nebraska.  Formerly  recorded  from 
Illinois  and  Virginia. 

8.  MYIOLEPTA  Newman. 
I.  Myiolepta  varipes  Loew. 

One  male  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  which  agrees  with  Loew's 
description  except  that  the  legs  are  more  luteous  than  black.  Formerly 
recorded  from  Washington,  Virginia,  California  and  Mt.  Hood,  Oregon. 

9.   BACCHA  Fabricius. 
I.  Baccha  clavata  Fabricius. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

10.   PLATYCHIRUS  St.  Fargeau  et  Serville. 

1.  Platychirus  chsetopodus  Williston. 

One  male  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  which  answers  to  Williston' s 
description  except  that  the  brown  ring  on  the  middle  femora  is  want- 
ing, and  the  yellow  abdominal  spots  are  larger. 

2.  Platychirus  quadratus  Say. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

11.  MELANOSTOMA  Schiner. 
I.  Melanostoma  mellinum  Linne. 

One  female  from  Lincoln,  and  two  females  from  Glen,  Sioux  Co. , 
Nebraska,  which  appear  to  be  different  varieties.  In  the  specimen 
from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  the  antennae  are  entirely  brownish  black, 
legs  reddish  yellow  with  brown  bands.  In  the  specimens  from  Sioux 
County  the  general  color  of  the  antennse  is  lighter  and  the  lower  part 
of  the  third  joint  is  reddish  yellow  ;  the  legs  are  entirely  reddish  yel- 
low with  no  brownish  rings.  The  wings  of  the  western  specimens  are 
relatively  longer  than  those  of  the  eastern  specimen. 

12.  EUPEODES  Osten  Sacken. 
I.  Eupeodes  volucris  Osten  Sacken. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 


92  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      fVoi.  xv. 

13.  LASIOPHTHICUS  Rondani. 
I.  Lasiophthicus  pyrastri  Linne. 

Two  females,  one  from  Lincoln,  and  the  other  from  Sioux  Co., 
Nebraska. 

14.  SYRPHUS  Fabricius. 

1.  Syrphus  americanus  Widemann. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Lincoln,  West  Point,  and  Falls  City, 
Nebraska,  which  show  considerable  variation  in  size  and  the  bands  of 
the  abdomen. 

2.  Syrphus  arcuatus  Fallen. 

Two  specimens  from  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

3.  Syrphus  creper  Snow. 

One  male  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska.  Formerly  recorded  from 
Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 

4.  Syrphus  mentalis  Williston. 

$ .  Length  12  mm.  Eyes  densely  pilose,  front  shining  greenish  black,  extend- 
ing on  either  side  below  the  base  of  the  antennas,  covered  with  long  black  hair. 
Face  whitish  yellow  with  a  faint  brownish  tint,  cheeks  and  broad  median  stripes  from 
near  base  ol  antennae  to  oral  margin  black,  tubercle  large  and  prominent.  Face  cov- 
.ered  with  black  and  white  pile,  shorter  and  more  sparse  than  that  of  the  front.  An- 
itennse  brownish  black,  third  joint  longer  than  wide.  Thorax  shining  greenish  black 
with  dark  colored  pile,  that  of  the  pleura  longer  and  whitish  yellow.  Scutellum  dark 
brown,  subtranslucent,  covered  with  long  black  pile.  Abdomen  broader  than  the 
thorax,  deep  black,  opaque  on  the  second  segment,  shining  on  the  remaining  segments, 
•  everywhere  covered  with  black  pile  except  anterior  lateral  boarder  of  the  second  seg- 
iment  and  yellow  bands  which  have  yellowish  white  pile.  Yellow  on  the  second 
segment  in  the  form  of  two  slender  spots  widely  separated  and  not  touching  the  lat- 
eral borders  of  the  segment,  band  on  third  segment  a  little  wider,  slightly  interrupted 
and  touching  the  lateral  borders  of  the  segment  in  nearly  its  whole  extent,  band  on 
the  fourth  segment  more  slender,  more  interrupted  but  not  so  widely  as  those  on  the 
second  segment  and  touching  the  lateral  border  in  its  whole  extent,  fifth  and  sixth 
segments  black  with  only  a  luteous  posterior  border.  All  the  bands  of  the  abdomen 
slender.  Legs  yellowish  red,  base  of  femora  (nearly  all  of  the  hind  femora),  and 
hind  tarsi  black.  Hind  tibise,  front  and  middle  tarsi  brown.  Wings  lightly  tinged 
with  brown,  stigma  brown. 

One  male  from  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  which  shows  consider- 
able variation  from  the  description  of  the  female. 

Formerly  recorded  from  females  from  Washington  and  Alaska. 

5.  Syrphus  ribesii  Linne. 

Specimens  from  Beatrice  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 


I 


June,  1907.J  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^e.  93 

15.  ALLOGRAFT  A  Osten  Sacken. 

1.  Allograpta  fracta  Osten  Sacken. 

One  female  from  West  Point,  Nebraska  (H.  S.  Smith).  I  have 
compared  this  specimen  with  the  one  listed  by  Hunter  in  the  Canadian 
Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  95,  and  it  is  similar  except  that  the 
lateral  borders  of  the  facial  stripe  are  not  so  sharply  defined,  and  the 
stripe  extends  farther  toward  the  oral  margin.  This  species  was 
formerly  known  in  the  United  States  from  a  single  male  taken  by 
Osten  Sacken  in  California,  and  by  a  female  taken  in  the  same  locality 
eleven  years  later  by  Professor  Bruner.  There  is  some  doubt  as  to  the 
validity  of  this  species,  but  I  will  list  it  under  this  name. 

2.  Allograpta  obliqua  Say. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  West  Point,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co., 
Nebraska. 

16.  XANTHOGRAMMA  Schiner. 
I.  Xanthogramma  asnea,  new  species. 

9  .  Length  10  mm.  Face,  cheeks  and  front  yellow  with  a  brownish  red  tinge, 
vertex  dark  metallic  green  from  which  arises  a  stripe  that  extends  a  trifle  over  half 
way  to  the  base  of  the  antennse.  Antennae  brown,  reddish  on  first,  second,  and 
lower  part  of  third  joints.  Thorax  shining  bronze-green,  with  a  broad  indistinct 
stripe  on  the  lateral  borders.  Scutellum  translucent  yellow.  Thorax  with  short  light 
colored  pile,  scutellum  with  longer  black  and  yellow  pile.  Pleura  with  poorly  de- 
fined yellow  spot.  Abdomen  opaque  black,  first  segment  shining  yellow  on  the  sides, 
second  segment  with  a  yellow  band  narrowly  interrupted,  touching  the  lateral  borders 
in  its  whole  extent,  third  segment  with  a  wide  band,  obtusely  emarginate  behind  and 
touching  the  lateral  borders  in  nearly  its  whole  width,  only  very  slightly  attenuate, 
fourth  segment  with  a  similar  band  more  deeply  emarginate  behind  and  touching  the 
lateral  borders  as  in  the  preceding  segment,  the  black  subfulgent,  fifth  segment  with 
a  similar  band  and  black  subfulgent.  Incisions  of  the  segments  and  posterior  mar- 
gins of  third,  fourth  and  fifth  segments  yellow.  Legs  yellow,  hind  femora  and 
hind  tibiae  with  a  brownish  ring,  hind  tarsi  brownish.  Wings  hyaline,  stigma  light 
yellowish. 

Type. — West  Point,  Nebraska,  June,  1906  (P.  R.  Jones),  i  $. 

This  species  can  be  separated  from  X.  flavipes  by  not  having  such 
a  clearly  defined  thoracic  stripe,  and  spot  on  the  pleura,  and  also  by 
not  having  any  black  on  the  scutellum.  The  yellow  lateral  stripes 
touch  the  lateral  borders  of  the  segments  in  nearly  their  whole  extent. 
This  character  is  wanting  in  X.  emarginnta  except  on  the  second  seg- 
ment. The  second  and  third  segments  are  not  yellow  at  the  anterior 
angles  as  in  X.  eviargmata. 


94  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [  voi.  xv. 

17.  MESOGRAMMA  Loew. 

1.  Mesogramma  geminata  Say. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  and  West  Point,  Nebraska.  Formerly 
recorded  from  Connecticut,  Washington,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Colorado,  Maryland  and  Montreal. 

2.  Mesogramma  marginata  Say. 

Specimens  from  Cams,  West  Point,  Lincoln,  Beatrice  and  Glen, 
Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

3.  Mesogramma  polita  Say. 

One  male  and  one  female  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

18.  SPH.^ROPHORIA  St.  Fargeau  et  Serville. 

1.  SphSBrophoria  cylindrica  Say. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln,  Cams,  West  Point,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co., 
Nebraska. 

2.  Sphaerophoria  sulphuripes  Thompson. 

One  male  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  labeled  "bred  from  pupa  in 
plum."  When  compared  with  a  specimen  from  California  the 
abdominal  bands  are  broader  and  not  arcuate  as  in  the  California 
specimen,  also  the  wings  do  not  exceed  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

ig.    RHIN6IA  Scopoli. 
I.  Rhingia  nasica  Say. 

Four  females  and  two  males  from  South  Bend  and  Lincoln, 
Nebraska.  Formerly  recorded  from  New  England,  Indian  Territory, 
Kentucky,  Montreal,  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Quebec. 

20.   VOLUCELLA  Geoffroy. 

1.  Volucella  fasciata  Macquart. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  Glen,  Sioux  Co., 
Springview  Bridge,  Brown  Co.,  Bad  Lands,  Mouth  of  Monroe  Canon, 
Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

2.  Volucella  satur  Osten  Sacken. 

Two  males  and  one  female  from  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 
Formerly  recorded  from  Utah,  Colorado,  Western  Kansas,  and 
New  Mexico. 


June,  1907.]  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^.  95 

21.  CONDIDEA  Coquillett. 
I.  Condidea  lata  Coquillett. 

9  .  Length  14  mm.  Face  yellow,  median  stripe  wanting,  cheeks  without  black 
stripe.  Front  grayish  yellow,  spotted  with  black  in  blotches  and  covered  with  long 
black  hairs,  vertex  black.  First  two  joints  of  antennae  brownish  black,  third  sub- 
quadrate,  brown  with  a  greenish  tinge,  arista  feathery  plumose.  Thorax  shining  blue 
metallic  with  a  greenish  tinge,  clothed  with  short,  fine  yellowish  pile,  black  on  the 
posterior  part  and  scutellum,  posterior  border  of  the  scutellum  with  a  row  of  strong 
bristles.  Pleura  with  long,  light  yellowLsh  pile.  Abdomen  opaque,  posterior  border 
of  the  third,  posterior  half  of  fourth  and  remaining  segments  subfulgent,  everywhere 
clothed  with  short,  thick,  bristly  hairs,  except  the  anterior  lateral  border  of  the  second 
segment  and  the  reddish-yellow  spots  on  the  second  segment.  Abdomen  with  eight 
spots,  second  segment  with  two  large  reddish  yellow  spots,  widely  separated,  not 
touching  the  lateral  borders  of  the  segments,  slightly  emarginate  on  the  outer  posterior 
margin,  third  segment  with  four  smaller,  nearly  quadrate  spots,  two  on  each  side,  the 
lateral  ones  being  less  than  one  half  as  large  as  the  inner  ones,  fourth  segment  with  a 
spot  on  each  side  shaped  like  the  print  of  a  foot,  larger  than  the  spots  on  the  third 
segment,  but  not  so  large  as  those  on  the  second  segment.  Legs  black,  apex  of  front 
and  middle  femora,  base  of  front  and  middle  tibiae  yellow.  Wings  cinereous  hyaline, 
brownish  on  the  front  and  basal  part,  veins  black,  third  vein  with  a  considerable 
regular  curve. 

Warbonnet  Canon,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  June  22,  1901  (J.  C. 
Crawford),  i  $.  Jim  Creek,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  June  22,  1901  (M. 
Cary),  i   $  on  Alalvastnim. 

This  remarkable  looking  fly  was  determined  as  a  new  species  of 
Se7-icomyia,  but  upon  comparing  the  specimens  with  Coquillett' s  types 
at  the  National  Museum,  I  believe  them  to  be  the  same,  although 
some  variation  exists,  as  the  descriptions  will  show.  This  is  probably 
only  a  sexual  variation  as  my  specimens  are  females  and  Coquillett' s 
is  a  male.  The  abdominal  spots  have  a  tendency  to  be  hour-glass- 
shaped,  especially  those  on  the  fourth  segment.  Those  on  the  third 
segment  seem  to  have  become  constricted  until  they  have  separated 
widely,  thus  making  four  spots  on  the  segment.  The  spots  on  the 
second  segment  have  only  a  slight  constriction  on  the  posterior  part. 

22.  ERISTALIS  Latreille. 

1.  Eristalis  aeneus  Scopoli. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln  and  West  Point,  Nebraska. 

2.  Eristalis  dimidiatus  Wiedemann. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln  and  West  Point,  Nebraska. 

3.  Eristalis  flavipes  Walker. 

One  female  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 


96  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

4.  Eristalis  inornatus  Loew. 

One  female  from  Bad  Lands,  mouth  of  Monroe  Canon,  Sioux 
Co.,  Nebraska,  which  answers  to  Loew's  description  except  that 
the  pile  on  the  abdomen  is  nearly  all  white,  the  only  velvety  black 
cross  band  on  the  third  segment  is  the  posterior  one  and  it  is  not 
emarginate.  Length  9.5  mm.  Formerly  recorded  from  Red  River  of 
the  North  and  Idaho. 

5.  Eristalis  latifrons  Loew. 

Specimens  from  McCook,  West  Point,  South  Bend,  Cams,  Lin- 
coln, Nebraska,  Hitchcock  Co.,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska.  It 
is  the  most  common  species  of  Eristalis  found  in  the  state. 

6.  Eristalis  taontanus  Williston, 

Two  males  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

7.  Eristalis  temporalis  Thomson. 

Specimens  from  War  Bonnet  Canon,  Sioux  Co.,  Bad  Lands,  mouth 
of  Monroe  Caiion,  Sioux  Co.,  and  Glen,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

8.  Eristalis  tenax  Linne. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Lincoln,  West  Point,  and  Glen,  Sioux 
Co.,  Nebraska. 

9.  Eristalis  transversus  Wiedermann. 

Two  males  from  South  Bend  and  a  female  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

23.    TROPIDIA  Meigen, 

1.  Tropidia  mamillata  Loew. 

Four  specimens  from  Cedar  Bluffs,  Nebraska. 

2.  Tropidia  quadrata  Say. 

A  female  from  West  Point,  and  one  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 
Formerly  recorded  from  Connecticut,  Canada,  Washington,  New 
Jersey  and  New  York. 

24.    HELOPHILUS  Meigen. 

1.  Helophilus  conostoma  Williston. 

One  female  from  West  Point,  Nebraska.  As  compared  with  speci- 
mens from  Pennsylvania  and  Illinois  it  has  larger  and  more  pronounced 
black  spots  on  the  hind  femora  and  more  black  on  the  legs  in  general. 
Formerly  recorded  from  Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Massa- 
chusetts, Illinois  and  Canada. 

2.  Helophilus  integer  Loew. 

A  female  from  West  Point,  and  a  female  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 
Formerly  recorded  from  New  Jersey  and  New  York. 


June,  1907.]  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^.  97 

3.  Helopbilus  laetus  Loew. 

One  male  from  Sand  Hills,  Thomas  Co.,  Nebraska.  This  species 
also,  as  in  H.  integer,  has  the  small  black  spots  of  minute  spinous 
bristles  on  the  inner  basal  part  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  femora. 
It  is  smaller  than  H.  integer  and  the  basal  half  of  the  front  and  middle 
femora  are  black.  Formerly  recorded  from  Connecticut,  New  York, 
Wisconsin,  Michigan  and  New  Jersey. 

4.  Helopbilus  latifrons  Loew. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Gering,  Cedar  Bluffs,  West  Point, 
Hardy,  Lincoln,  Glen  and  Gordon,  Nebraska. 

5.  Helopbilus  similis  Macquart. 

Specimens  from  Lincoln  and  Cedar  Bluffs,  Nebraska. 

25.   MALLOTA  Meigen. 

1.  Mallota  bipartita  Walker. 

Length  13  mm.  Black,  shining  species,  front  black  shining,  along  the  sides 
yellow  pollinose,  and  entire  front  and  vertex,  excepting  the  ocellar  space  which  has 
black  hairs,  covered  with  long  yellowish  white  hairs.  Antennae  dark  brown,  arista 
yellow,  black  at  tip.  Face  concave  below  the  antennae,  not  so  prominent  as  in  M. 
fascialis  but  more  so  than  in  M.  posticata,  shining  black,  covered  with  yellowish  white 
pollen  on  the  sides  which  leaves  the  cheeks  and  middle  shining  black,  also  a  few 
yellowish  white  hairs  on  the  sides.  Thorax,  scutellura  and  pleura  thickly  clothed 
with  yellowish  white  pile.  Abdomen  black  shining,  longer  than  the  thorax,  second 
segment  a  trifle  wider  than  the  thorax,  remaining  segments  about  as  wide  as  the 
thorax,  second  and  third  segments  thinly  clothed  with  short,  black  pile,  anterior 
lateral  margin  of  the  second  segment  with  a  patch  of  long  yellowish  white  hair, 
fourth  and  fifth  segments  clothed  with  long  dense  black  hair,  a  few  tinged  with  yel- 
low. Legs  black,  densely  clothed  with  black  bristly  hairs,  front  and  middle  legs 
fringed  with  long  yellowish  hair,  tarsi  grayish  black,  last  joint  yellowish.  Wings, 
nearly  hyaline,  veins  black,  lighter  toward  the  base,  a  brown  spot  below  the  stigma. 
Halters  brownish. 

One  female  from  Beatrice,  Nebraska,  July  8,  1904  (M.  H.  Swenk). 

I  give  a  description  of  this  specimen  which  is  undoubtedly  M. 
bipartita.  The  only  difference  between  it  and  the  specimen  of  M. 
cimbicifonnis  is  the  lighter  colored  pile.  I  think  that  bipartita  is 
probably  a  synonym  of  cimhiciformis. 

2.  Mallota  cimbiciformis  Fallen. 

One  female  from  Milford,  Nebraska,  noted  by  Hunter  in  the  Cana- 
dian Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  99. 


98  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

3.  Mallota  fascialis  Hunter. 

Type  specimen  and  five  metatypes  from  Lincoln  and  Sioux  Co., 
Nebraska.  In  the  eastern  specimens  the  epistoma  is  slightly  less  pro- 
jecting than  it  is  in  the  western  ones,  and  there  is  also  some  variation 
in  the  size  of  the  insects.  The  females  agree  with  Hunter's  descrip- 
tion of  the  male.      This  is  evidently  quite  a  variable  species. 

4.  Mallota  illinoisensis  Robertson. 

One  female  from  West  Point,  Nebraska,  June  22,  1906.  The  hind 
femora  have  scarcely  any  black  on  them,  and  the  third  joint  of  the 
antenna  is  broader  than  long.  Length  12  mm.  Otherwise  it  answers 
to  Robertson's  description.      Formerly  recorded  from  111. 

5.  Mallota  posticata  Fabricius. 

One  female  from  Nebraska  City,  Nebraska,  September  14,  1901 
(M.  A.  Carriker). 

Formerly  recorded  from  Carolina,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  New  Hampshire,  Canada  and  Kansas. 

26.   TRIODONTA  Williston. 
I.  Triodonta  curvipes  Wiedemann. 

One  male  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska.  Formerly  recorded  from 
Nova  Scotia,  California,  Colorado  and  New  Jersey. 

27.   SYRITTA  St.  Fargeau  et  Serville. 
I.  Syritta  pipiens  Linne. 

Numerous  specimens  from  Beatrice,  Cams,  Lincoln  and  Glen, 
Nebraska. 

28.   XYLOTA  Meigen. 

1.  Xylota  analis  Williston. 

One  male  from  War  Bonnet  Canon,  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  noted 
by  Hunter  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  100. 

2.  Xylota  angustiventris  Loew. 

One  male  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska  mentioned  by  Hunter  in  the 
Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  10 1,  and  a  male  from  West 
Point,  Nebraska. 

3.  Xylota  ejuncida  Say, 

One  female  from  West  Point,  Nebraska,  June  22,  1906  (P.  R. 
Jones). 


June,  1907.]  Jones  :    List  of  Nebraska  Syrphid^.  99 

4.  Xylota  flavitibia  Bigot. 

Two  specimens  from  Sioux  Co. ,  Nebraska,  noted  by  Hunter  in  the 
Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  loi. 

5.  Xylota  fraudulosa  Loew. 

Seven  specimens  from  Milford,  Nebraska,  listed  by  Hunter  in  the 
Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  loi,  and  one  specimen  from 
West  Point,  Nebraska. 

6.  Xylota  obscura  Loew. 

One  specimen  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  listed  by  Hunter  in  the 
Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXVIII,  p.  loi,  and  one  specimen  from 
West  Point,  Nebraska. 

7.  Xylota  pigra  Fabricius. 

Two  males  and  two  females  from  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska. 

29.   CRIORHINA  Meigen. 
I.  Criorhina  umbratilis  Williston. 

One  female  from  South  Bend,  Nebraska,  April  17,  1905,  on 
Primus  virgianus  (P.  R.  Jones).  Formerly  recorded  from  Con- 
necticut, Ohio,  Tennessee  and  Kansas. 

30.  MILESIA  Latreille. 
1.  Milesia  virginiensis  Drury. 

A  magnificent  specimen  of  a  male  from  Meadow,  Nebraska,  July 
14,  1906  (M.  H.  Swenk).  Formerly  recorded  from  Virginia, 
Georgia,  Florida,  New  Jersey,  Illinois  and  New  England. 

31.  SPILOMYIA  Meigen. 
I .  Spilomyia  quadrif asciata  Say. 

Hunter  records  one  specimen  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  I  have 
since  taken  it  in  Eastern,  Southern  and  Northwestern  Nebraska.  It  is 
rather  common  in  Northwestern  Nebraska. 


32.   SPHECOMYIA  Latreille. 
I.  Sphecomyia  vittata  Wiedemann. 

A  male  and  a  female  from  Sioux  Co. ,  Nebraska,  listed  by  Hunter 
in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol,  XXVIII,  p.  10 1,  and  a  male  from 
Lincoln,  Nebraska. 


100  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoI.  xv. 

33.   CERIA  Fabricius. 

1.  Ceria  abbreviata  Loew. 

Two  males  from    Lincoln,   Nebraska,   which  agree  with    Loew's 
description  except  that  the  yellow  band  on  the  posterior  part  of  the 
fourth  segment  is  broad,  and  the  legs  are  chiefly  reddish.      Formerly 
recorded  from  Pennsylvania,  Florida,  Connecticut,  Virginia,  Colorado,  1 
New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Kansas.  | 

i 

2.  Cena  willistoni  Kahl. 

Two  females  from  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  which  answer  to  Kahl's 
description  with  this  exception,  the  color  of  the  scutellum  is  more 
yellow  than  red  with  the  base  narrowly  black  as  well  as  the  anterior 
lateral  angles.  Formerly  recorded  from  Kansas,  Texas,  Florida  and 
Virginia. 


4 


NEW   AMERICAN    MOSQUITOES. 

By  Harrison  G.  Dyar  and  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


Culex  agitator,  new  name. 

We  propose  this  name  to  replace  Mochlostyrax  ciibensis  Dyar  & 
Knab,  since  when  this  species  is  transferred  to  Culex,  as  will  follow 
from  Mochlostyrax  not  being  separable  from  Culex  in  the  adult  state, 
it  is  preoccupied  by  Culex  cubensis  Bigot, 

Culex  ochropus,  new  species. 

Dark  brown,  the  head  and  thorax  rather  sparsely  clothed  with 
light  yellow  scales  and  brownish  bristles,  not  forming  any  distinct  or- 
namentation, but  contrasting  with  the  brown  membrane  below  ;  abdo- 
men clothed  with  pale  testaceous  scales,  unhanded.  Legs  pale  testa- 
ceous, the  ends  of  the  joints,  as  well  as  the  ends  of  the  proboscis  and 
palpi  brownish.     Wing  scales  pale  brown,  dense.      Claws  simple. 

One  9,  Centre  Harbour,  New  Hampshire,  July  19  (H.  G.  Dyar). 

7>/^.— Cat.  No.  10261,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Culex  taeniopus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  and  palpi  black ;  thorax  dark  brown  with  black  and 
ochraceous  scales,  not  forming  a  defined  pattern  ;  abdomen  with  dark 
scales  bluish  luster  and  brown  hairs,  unhanded  above  ;  legs  black,  with 


June,  1907.]     JOUTEL  :     PhILOSAMIA    AND    CaLLOSAMIA    CROSSES.  101 

broad  white  rings  on  the  tarsi,  involving  both  ends  of  the  joints,  the 
last  tarsal  joint  wholly  white.  Wings  with  brownish  scales  on  the 
veins,  not  very  dense. 

One  9,  Bluefields,  Nicaragua  (W.  F.  Thornton). 

Type.—Q,2X.  No.  10260,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Taeniorhynchus  coticula,  new  species. 

Proboscis  brown,  blackish  outwardly,  a  white  ring  in  the  middle, 
the  tip  also  white  ;  palpi  black,  whitish  at  the  end ;  thorax  light 
brown,  the  impressed  lines  pale,  the  ridges  dark,  forming  a  series  of 
narrow  dark  lines ;  abdomen  black  above  with  a  slight  bluish  luster, 
unhanded,  below  with  a  sublateral  row  of  small  segmentary  silvery 
spots  ;  legs  black,  the  hind  femur  with  a  spot  at  outer  third  and  tip  of 
bluish  silvery  white,  the  hind  tarsal  joints  broadly  white  ringed  at  the 
base,  the  last  joint  all  white. 

Two  ?  ?,  Bocas  del  Toro,  Panama,  Sept.  25,  1903  (P.  Osterhaut). 

Type.—  Q.2X.  No.  10281,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


Class  I,  HEX  APOD  A. 

Order  V,   LEPIDOPTERA. 

PHILOSAMIA    CYNTHIA    AND    CALLOSAMIA 
PROMETHIA    CROSSES. 

By  Louis  H.   Joutel, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  supplement  Miss  Soule's  notes  on  cyntliia 
and  promethia  *  crosses  with  my  experiences  last  summer  when  I  was 
so  fortunate  as  to  get  some  hybrid  larvse  that  differed  from  both 
parents. 

Having  had  crosses  a  number  of  times  for  several  years  between 
Cynthia  $  and  promethia  cf  without  being  able,  for  some  unknown 
cause  to  raise  the  resulting  larvse  to  maturity,  I  determined,  as  Mr.  F. 
E.  vVatson  was  kind  enough  to  again  supply  me  with  cocoons  of  both 
species,  to  try  this  past  summer  what  could  be  accomplished  with  care 

*  Entomological  News,  December,  1906,  p.  396. 


102  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

in  crossing  the  two  species.      With  a  stock  of  two  thousand  cocoons 
and  the  aid  of  my  sister  I  thought  some  results  could  be  had. 

From  the  start  we  found  that  there  was  a  great  difference  in  the 
desire  to  mate  in  the  two  species  and  also  in  individuals  of  the  same 
species.  The  promethia  J^  was  generally  quite  willing  and  even 
anxious  to  take  a  cyiithia  ?  for  wife  but  she  was  so  averse  to  a  mixed 
marriage,  that  the  attempt,  although  persisted  in  by  \h^ promethia  S', 
was  usually  a  failure  and  the  eggs  infertile.  It  was  interesting  to 
watch  the  cynthia  ?  attempt  to  get  rid  of  t\\e.  p?-omethia,  by  contract- 
ing the  abdomen,  more  especially  the  tip  which  was  entirely  retracted 
and  the  body  was  meanwhile  turned  from  side  to  side  until  the 
claspers  of  the  promethia  slipped  off.  The  promethia  would  try  it 
again  and  again  with  the  same  result,  and  it  was  only  in  a  few  cases 
that  the  attempt  was  successful  and  the  eggs  fertile.  In  a  number  of 
cases  the  mating  was  evidently  successful  but  the  cynthia  would  refuse 
to  lay  eggs  and  hang  to  the  bag  with  her  abdomen  retracted  to  its 
smallest  compass  until  death,  unless  a  cynthia  (^  was  introduced  when 
mating  readily  took  place  and  egg  laying  would  begin. 

In  my  experience  I  have  never  found  cynthia  9  willing  to  mate 
with  two  males  so  that  remating  with  cynthia  after  promethia  is 
interesting. 

In  these  two  crosses  the  eggs  were  typical  cynthia  and  the  larvae, 
as  Miss  Soule  states,  were  also  cynthia  except  that  mine  seemed  to 
have  a  tendency  to  yellowish  cream  color  ;  but  this  may  have  been  due 
to  rearing  in  jars. 

The  silk  made  by  these  larvae  was  typical  cynthia  silk.  The 
cocoons  of  the  singly  mated  ones  were  rather  smaller  than  normal 
cynthia  but  the  cocoons  of  the  twice  mated  females  were  about  normal 
in  size  to  cyiithia.  Both,  to  me,  presented  the  appearance  and  shape 
of  true  cynthia  cocoons  in  all  particulars,  and  the  larvae  had  the  same 
habit  of  spinning  a  long  stem,  often  a  foot  long,  where  occasion 
required  it.  The  opening  of  the  cocoon  was  also  arranged  and  had 
the  appearance,  as  in  cynthia.  Should  my  lot  of  cocoons  of  these  two 
crosses  be  mixed  with  true  cynthia  ones  I  doubt  if  any  one  could 
separate  them.  This  difference  from  the  observations  of  Miss  Soule 
may  be  accounted  for  by  their  feeding  on  Ai/anthus. 

The  real  interest  in  the  series  of  crosses  came  from  some  matings 
oi  promethia  ?  with  cynthia  S'.  In  these  crosses  we  had  the  same 
difficulty  of  the  female  not  laying  until  remated  with  a  male  of  her 


June,  1907.]      JOUTEL  :     PhILOSAMIA    AND    CaLLOSAMIA    CROSSES.  103 

species  to  a  greater  degree,  and  there  was  not  that  desire  to  mate  in 
the  male  as  there  was  in  the  opposite  cross,  while  the  female  had  the 
same  repugnance  to  the  cynthia  cj*  as  there  was  in  the  reverse  case,  so 
that  these  matings  were  few. 

The  eggs  resulting  from  these  crosses  were  not  to  be  distinguished 
from  normal  proinet/na  eggs.  The  eggs  of  the  single  matings  gave 
larvae,  a  few  of  which  were  not  to  be  distinguished  from  normal 
proinethia,  but  most  of  them  had  heavy  black  bands  on  the  segments, 
a  few  being  nearly  all  black.  At  the  first  moult  we  were  agreeably 
surprised  to  see  the  fine  cream-colored  cynthia-WV^  larvge  that  crawled 
out  of  the  first  s\.a.gQ  protnethia  skins.  So  astonished  were  we  that  had 
we  not  seen  them  we  would  have  supposed  that  cyjithia  larvse  had  got 
in  the  jar  by  accident.  In  the  next  stages  the  dual  parentage  of  the 
larvae  was  very  evident.  Colored  figures  of  these  stages  I  hope  to  pub- 
lish later  with  the  figures  of  the  resulting  moths. 

The  cocoons  of  these  were  very  small  and  were  either  spun  between 
two  leaves  or  in  the  folded  corner  of  one;  the  tendency  to  stem- 
making  was  partly  lost,  some  few  not  making  any  at  all,  others  spin- 
ning a  layer  of  silk  to  the  leaf  stem.  In  this  lot  several  crawled  out 
of  the  cocoons  when  nearly  completed,  but  we  did  not  have  this  hap- 
pen in  the  crosses  that  had  cynthia  females. 

The  sum  of  the  results  of  crossing  these  species  both  ways  shows 
that  it  is  the  cynthia  which  has  the  greater  effect  on  the  resulting 
hybrid  larvae  and  it  remains  to  be  seen  what  the  results  will  be  in  the 
imago. 

The  cocoons  show  less  specialization  than  any  of  the  parents,  but 
have  the  cynthia  characters  predominating. 

Miss  Soule  gives  a  wrong  interpretation  of  the  pulling  in  of  the 
loose  threads  at  the  opening  of  the  cocoon.  What  I  have  observed  is 
that  the  larva  takes  a  bunch  of  threads  in  its  mandibles  and  pulls  these 
threads  in  by  suddenly  retracting  the  head  and  front  segments,  mean- 
while liolding  on  by  its  '■'■props  "  to  the  bottom  or  side  of  the  cocoon. 

Since  writing  the  above  Miss  Soule  has  informed  me  that  she  had 
also  given  some  notes  on  these  hybrids  in  Psyche  for  November,  1902. 
My  results,  however,  were  different  from  hers  in  that  all  my  larvje  of 
cynthia  d^  and  proinethia  ?  were  of  the  same  type,  and  only  differed 
slightly  in  color,  though  a  larger  amount  of  material  might  have 
shown  different  results.  The  bifid  horn  on  the  eleventh  segment  she 
mentions  is  also  occasionally  bifid  in  pure  proviethia. 


BOTIS    TORALIS    GROTE. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

This  species  was  described  by  Grote  in  1881,  from  material  col- 
lected by  Prof.  F.  H.  Snow  in  New  Mexico.  The  type  was  returned  to 
Professor  Snow,  and  the  species  h^s  remained  unknown  to  entomolo- 
gists generally  ever  since.  In  Grote's  check  list  of  1882  it  is  listed 
under  Botis  Schrank  (p.  52,  no.  48);  in  Smith's  list  of  1891,  it  is 
placed  in  Pyraitsta  (p.  76,  no  4035);  Hampson  lists-it  as  unknown, 
under  the  caption  "  Auctorum  "  as  Botys  toralis,  and  refers  to  Bull. 
U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  vi,  pp.  167,  178,  giving  the  locality  "  U.  S.  A." 
(Proc.  zool.  soc.  Lond.,  1899,  273)  ;  in  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
it  is  listed  as  Pyraitsta  torahs,  and  there  were  then  no  specimens  in  the 
National  Museum  (p.  392,  no.  4449). 

I  have  recently  received  the  type  specimen  from  Professor  Snow, 
who  kindly  sent  it  for  examination  at  my  request.  It  bears  three  labels  : 
(i)  Socorro,  N.  M.,  4,000  ft.,  Aug.  '81,  F.  H.  Snow;  (2)  Type 
specimen,  species  discovered  by  F.  H.  Snow;  (3)  872.  The  head 
and  abdomen  have  been  eaten  partially  by  museum  pests,  so  that  the 
antennae  are  missing  as  well  as  the  palpi ;  portions  of  two  legs  remain, 
including  one  fore  leg.  The  whole  specimen  is  darkened  by  grease. 
I  have  also  received  from  Professor  Snow,  two  other  fresh  specimens 
of  the  species,  taken  at  San  Bernardino  Ranch,  Cochise  Co.,  Arizona, 
3,750  ft.,  in  August.  The  pink  color  is  more  restricted  in  these  than 
in  the  type,  not  consisting  of  an  even  border  along  the  outer  margin, 
but  of  a  straight  band  that  leaves  a  narrow  yellow  space  between  itself 
and  the  pink  tipped  fringe.  I  do  not  think  this  is  a  specific  difference, 
the  pink,  in  the  New  Mexican  form  being  only  diffused  over  this  yel- 
low space.  The  ground  color  of  the  fore  wings  is  clear  yellow,  not 
olive  yellow  as  described  by  Grote,  and  the  hind  wings  are  nearly 
white,  not  "pale  fuscous."  The  differences  in  color  seem  to  be 
wholly  due  to  the  effect  of  the  grease  on  the  type,  and  this  greasy 
condition  must  have  obtained  originally  when  the  specimen  was  first 
described. 

104 


June,  1907]  DyAR  :      NeW    AMERICAN    MOTHS.  105 

The  species  does  not  belong  to  the  genus  Pyrausta,  and  is  not 
even  a  Pyralid.  It  is  referable  to  the  Noctuidse,  and  falls  in  Sir 
George  Hampson's  subfamily  Acronyctinte  (Cat.  Lep.  Phal.,  iv,  3, 
1903).  The  front  of  the  head  is  protuberant  and  bears  a  vertical  and 
a  transverse  ridge  which  form  a  cross,  bare  of  scales  in  all  the  speci- 
mens ;  the  vestiture  is  of  mixed  hairs  and  scales ;  the  fore  tibiae  are 
very  short,  hardly  longer  than  wide,  expanded  at  the  tip  and  armed 
with  a  long  inner  and  a  shorter  outer  claw.  I  am  unable  to  suggest 
the  proper  genus.  This  may  be  left  for  the  next  volume  of  the  Cat. 
Lep.  Phalaenae. 


NEW    AMERICAN    MOTHS. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Family  ARCTIID^. 

Pbragmatobia  nundar,  new  species. 

Head  and  thorax  clothed  with  woolly  hair,  black  ;  abdomen  blackish  with  a 
partly  obsolete  crimson  lateral  band.  Fore  wing  black,  a  broad  conspicuous  stripe 
along  the  submedian  fold  from  base,  not  quite  touching  outer  margin ;  a  slender  white 
line  from  outer  third  of  costa,  running  obliquely  outward,  curved  abruptly  inward  at 
its  termination  above  the  submedian  stripe  ;  fringe  intermixed  with  whitish.  Hind 
wings  crimson  with  a  narrow  outer  black  border,  twice  indented  by  the  crimson  area. 
Below  the  wings  are  paler,  the  markings  repeated,  the  dark  margin  of  the  hind  wings 
broadened  and  diffused,  with  a  faint  discal  spot  and  some  cloudings  beyond.  Ex- 
panse, 30  mm. 

One  male,  without  antennae,  Mexico  City,  Mexico  (R.  Miiller, 
no.  790). 

Type.—Q^\..  No.  10330,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Family  GEOMETRID^. 

Glaucina  puellaria,  new  species. 

Dark  gray,  the  lines  black,  crenulate  ;  discal  mark  present ;  both  lines  have 
narrow  whitish  edging  and  the  subterminal  line  is  shaded  white.  Hind  wings  gray, 
whitish  on  disk,  the  inner  margin  marked  like  the  fore  wings  with  the  inception  of 
the  two  lines.     Expanse,  25  to  32  mm. 

Five  females  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  one  female  in  the  col- 
lection of  Prof.    F.    H.    Snow.      Catalina  Springs,    Arizona   (E.   A. 


106  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Schwarz);  So.  Arizona  (O.  C.  Poling);  Baboquivari  Mts.,  Arizona  (F. 
H.  Snow). 

The  species  is  much  like  G.  pygmeolaria  Grote,  but  much  larger, 
the  markings  more  distinct.  I  have  also  two  males  which  are  probably 
attributable  to  this  species,  but  have  not  been  marked  as  types.  They 
are  similar  to  the  females,  but  the  markings  are  less  defined  and  more 
broken,  and  the  color  of  the  wings  is  a  smoother,  more  silvery  gray. 

Type.—CdX.  No.  10278,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Glaucina  erroraria,  new  species. 

Pale  gray,  diluted  to  whitish  over  the  disk  of  fore  wings,  the  lines  black,  crenu- 
late,  tending  to  be  broken  into  dots  ;  discal  mark  fused  to  the  outer  line ;  subterminal 
line  whitish,  subcrenulate.  Hind  wings  pallid  on  the  disk,  gray  on  the  outer  margin, 
the  inner  margin  light  gray  like  the  fore  wings  with  the  inceptions  of  the  lines  marked. 
Expanse,  25  to  30  mm. 

Four  females  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  "Ariz.  Collection 
J.  B.  Smith.  Type  No.  3917  U.  S.  N.  M.;"  also  a  label  in  Dr. 
Hulst's  writing  "  Coenochat-is  elongata  Hulst,  type  ;"  Tucson,  Arizona, 
July  19-20  (E.  A.  Schwarz);  Hot  Springs,  Arizona,  June  21  (Schwarz 
&  Barber). 

The  first  specimen  is  one  of  Dr.  Hulst's  types  of  Coenocharis  elon- 
gata^ which  he  gave  to  the  National  Museum.  It  is,  however,  wrongly 
referred  generically,  and  is  not  the  true  type,  although  it  is  doubtless 
one  of  the  specimens  that  was  before  Dr.  Hulst,  and  which  caused  him 
to  give  the  locality  "Arizona"  in  his  description.  I  have  the  true 
elongata  from  Texas  in  four  examples,  three  of  them  from  the  Belfrage 
collection.  Dr.  Hulst  gave  me  another  "type"  of  elongata  which  is 
Glaucina  pygmeolaria  Grote.  The  true  type  of  this  composite  species 
is  probably  in  the  Hulst  collection  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Type. — Cat.  No.  10279,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.' 

Glaucina  mormonaria,  new  species. 

Pale  gray,  pulverulent  with  dark  scales,  the  disk  more  or  less  washed  with  paler, 
whitish,  slightly  ochraceous  tinted ;  lines  dark,  normal,  but  broken  pulverulent, 
dotted  on  the  veins,  nearly  lost;  discal  dot  indistinguishable.  Subterminal  line 
white,  shaded,  crenulate,  preceded  by  a  darker  shade,  which  is  most  pronounced  in 
the  females  and  renders  the  line  rather  distinct.  Hind  wings  pale  gray,  uniform 
over  the  disk,  the  internal  margin  more  pulverulent  but  not  darker,  marked  with  the 
inception  of  the  two  dark  lines.     Expanse,  J* ,  28  to  32  mm.;  9  >  24  to  26  mm. 

Six  specimens,  four  males  and  two  females,  Stockton,  Utah  (O. 
C.  Poling). 

Type. — Cat.  No.  10280,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 


June,  1907.]  DyAR  :      NeW    AMERICAN    MOTHS.  107 

Coenocharis  denticularia,  new  species. 

Dark  cinereous,  not  entirely  uniform,  light  shades  showing  in  places;  lines  lost, 
the  outer  showing  as  a  row  of  little  teeth  along  the  veins  ;  discal  mark  black,  upright, 
rather  thick  ;  subterminal  line  white,  sharply  zigzag,  contrasted.  Fringe  concolorous, 
a  series  of  black  points  at  the  ends  of  the  veins.  Hind  wings  more  brownish  cine- 
reous, with  very  little  marking  at  the  anal  angle.      Expanse,  29  mm. 

One  male,  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Arizona  (H.  G.  Hubbard). 

Type  —  Cat.  No.  10334,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  species  resembles  Glaucifia  golgolata  Strecker  (described  as 
Eupithecia  golgolata ;  see  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  33 n,  where  the 
name  is  erroneously  written  golgata^ , y^vX  that  has  a  claw  on  the  fore 
tibia.  The  specimen  was  determined  by  the  late  Dr.  Hulst  as  Coeno- 
charis mten'uptaria  Grt.,  but  I  do  not  think  it  is  that  species,  the 
presence  of  the  discal  dot  and  the  shape  of  the  subterminal  line  well 
distinguishing  it. 

Family    NOCTUID^E. 

Pleonectyptera  noctuidalis,  new  species. 

Brownish  gray  to  dark  gray  ;  lines  black,  narrow,  denticulate,  the  inner  slightly 
irregular,  the  outer  bowed  outward  around  the  reniform  ;  both  reddish  edged,  slen-^ 
der,  sometimes  nearly  obsolete,  but  ending  on  the  costa  in  broad  black  marks  which 
persist.  Reniform,  a  double  black  ringlet,  partly  filled  in  with  black  ;  subterminal 
line  irregular,  very  faint.  Hind  wings  nearly  as  dark  as  the  fore  wings,  with  narrow 
dark  mesial  line  and  clouded  discal  spot.     Expanse,  18  to  22  mm. 

Ten  specimens,  Oracle,  Arizona   (E.  J.  Oslar)  ;  Tucson,  Arizona 
(E.  J.  Oslar);  Baboquivari  Mts.,  Arizona  (F.  H.  Snow). 
Type.—  (Z^.\..  No.  10295,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Rhizagrotis  reclivis,  new  species. 

Head  brownish  gray,  a  black  line  across  the  front  and  one  before  tips  of  tegulse  ; 
thorax  dark  yellowish  brown  with  blackish  shades  along  the  patagia  and  centrally  on 
the  disk.  Fore  wings  ochraceous  brown  in  basal  space  and  along  costa  and  upper 
part  of  cell  to  reniform,  the  rest  of  the  wing  suffused  with  dark  purplish  brown  except 
an  irregular  space  subterminally  where  the  light  ochraceous  color  prevails  ;  lines  in- 
distinct, geminate,  crenulate,  blackish  ;  claviform  black  outlined,  very  small ;  orbic- 
ular a  long  pointed  ellipse,  nearly  touching  the  reniform,  which  is  upright,  both  these 
spots  filled  with  the  ochraceous  brown  color  and  defined  below  by  the  dark  shade, 
which  becomes  more  blackish  through  the  cell  to  the  outer  line ;  subterminal  line 
lost;  a  row  of  black  terminal  dots,  small,  with  preceding  black  streaks  above.  Hind 
wings  soiled  whitish,  darkest  before  the  fringe.      Expanse,  32  mm. 

Three  specimens,  Plummer's  Island,  Maryland  (H.  S.  Barber)  ; 
Tryon,  North  Carolina  (W.  F.  Fiske)  ;  St.  Louis,  Missouri  (H.  Mc- 
Elhose). 


108  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

Type. —  Cat.  No.  10296,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Nearly  allied  to  R.  accUvis  Morrison,  but  much  less  distinctly- 
marked,  the  streaked  appearance  being  absent  and  the  dark  shading 
more  uniform  and  more  extended.  The  North  Carolina  specimen 
was  submitted  to  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith,  who  remarked:  '■^  Rhizagro- 
tis  acclivis  !  The  first  authentic  specimen  I  have  seen  from  this  region. 
It  indicates  that  the  New  York  locality  which  I  questioned  in  my  cata- 
logue may  have  been  correct  or  it  may  indicate  two  very  similar  spe- 
cies which  I  have  not  had  material  enough  to  discriminate." 

Cirrhophanus  nigrifer,  new  species. 

Fore  wings  pale  creamy,  bronzy  yellow  between  the  lines ;  some  bronzy  yellow 
at  base,  especially  along  median  vein  ;  inner  line  sharply  angled  on  submedian  and 
discal  veins,  the  lower  angle  reaching  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  upper  the  middle 
of  the  cell,  dark  brown,  narrow  ;  veins  in  the  ipedian  space  irregularly  marked  in 
brown ;  outer  line  strongly  bent  outward  opposite  "the  cell,  rather  sharply  angled 
above,  indented  at  vein  2  ;  a  brownish  subterminal  line,  clouded  within,  irregularly 
parallel  to  the  outer  margin  ;  fringe  concolorous  with  the  wing.  Hind  wing  black, 
the  fringe  golden  yellow  as  also  small  indentations  on  the  veins  and  a  larger  one 
above  anal  angle.  Beneath  the  disk  of  fore  wings  is  broadly  black,  the  margins  and 
whole  of  hind  wings  golden  yellow.     Expanse,  30  to  38  mm. 

Three  males  and  two  females  from  the  Schaus  collection,  Guadala- 
jara, Mexico. 

Type.  — Cat.  No.  10331,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  species  has  been  well  figured  in  the  Biologia  Centrali-Ameri- 
cana  (Lep.  Het.,  pi.  94,  fig.  16)  as  Cirrhophanus  triangiilifer  Grote, 
from  which  the  black  hind  wings  abundantly  separate  it. 

Cirrhophanus  magnifer,  new  species. 

With  the  markings  of  the  preceding  species ;  the  wings  are  longer,  the  costa 
straighter  ;  the  pale  ground  color  is  less  overspread  with  bronzy  ;  the  lines  are  slender, 
scarcely  heavier  than  the  linings  on  the  veins ;  the  outer  line  is  duplicated  with 
another  line  within  it,  more  remote  and  distinct  than  usual,  somewhat  crenulate  on 
the  veins ;  the  submarginal  cloud  is  obsolete  and  the  line  appears  pale,  slender,  well 
defined  although  faintly  ;  the  fringe  is  conspicuously  darker  than  the  wing,  pale 
brown,  twice  interlineate  with  dark  brown.  Hind  wings  of  the  male  blackish  on  the 
disk  as  far  as  the  outer  third,  the  margin  pale  creamy ;  of  the  female,  blackish  almost 
to  the  margin.     Expanse,  45  to  49  mm. 

One  male  and  one  female  from  the  Schaus  collection,  Guadalajara, 
Mexico. 

Type. — Cat.  No.  10332,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  largest  species  of  the  genus  ;  the  body  parts  also  are  especially 
robust.  J 


June,  1907.]  DyAR:      NeW    AMERICAN    MOTHS.  109 

Cirrhophanus  dubifer,  new  species. 

Close  to  C.  dyari  Cockerel!,  but  differing  as  follows :  Larger,  the  thorax  especi- 
ally heavier  and  more  robust ;  the  outer  line  retreats  more  rapidly  from  the  costa. 
leaving  a  broad  clear  space,  and  retreats  less  at  vein  2,  the  indentation  being  smaller, 
Hind  wings  blacker  at  the  base  than  in  9  C".  dyari,  the  margin  paler,  more  nearly 
whitish  and  somewhat  broader.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

One  female,  No.  Soi,  from  Mr.  R.  Miiller  (of  Mexico  City)  with- 
out exact  locality. 

Type. — Cat.  No.  10333,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Perigea  hypocritica,  new  species. 

Thorax  and  fore  wings  bronzy  brown,  the  thoracic  crests  tipped  with  white  and 
a  double  row  of  white  points  on  the  basal  abdominal  segments.  A  group  of  .six  white 
points  at  the  base  ;  seven  points  on  the  costa ;  three  rather  large  points  centrally  in 
the  place  of  the  inner  line  ;  orbicular,  a  yellowish  dot  with  three  white  points  beyond 
it ;  reniform  white,  yellow  tinted,  expanded  a  little  below,  surrounded  by  large  and 
small  white  points,  those  beneath  the  reniform  fused  into  a  curved  bar ;  outer  line 
faintly  indicated,  yellowish,  crenulate  ;  four  rounded  white  spots  above  and  one  near 
anal  angle  represent  the  subterminal  line ;  a  terminal  row  of  small  white  dots  and 
white  specks  at  the  apex  of  the  brown  fringe.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  whitish  basally, 
or  nearly  all  whitish,  the  fringe  whitish  (not  yellowish).     Expanse,  27  to  30  mm. 

Twelve  specimens,  one  from  Bolivia  (the  type),  two  from  Coate- 
pec,  Mexico  (Schaus  collection),  nine,  Orizaba  and  Cordoba,  Mexico 
(R.  Muller,  No.  441). 

Type.  —Cat.  No.  10335,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Rather  nearly  allied  to  P.  stelligera  Guenee,  but  smaller,  approach- 
ing P.  circuita  Guen.  The  white  spots  are  larger  and  fewer  than  in 
stelligera,  more  numerous  than  in  circuita. 

Perigea  pagetolophus,  new  species. 

Fore  wings  bronzy  brown  with  many  small  white  spots,  arranged  as  in  P.  stelli- 
gera Guen.,  but  even  more  numerously  clustered  about  the  reniform  and  at  base ;  the 
orbicular  and  reniform  are  nearly  white,  only  a  little  tinted  with  yellow.  Hind  wings 
whitish-shaded  over  the  disk  between  the  veins.  Thorax  with  a  high,  loose,  anterior 
crest,  all  the  vestiture  between  the  collar  and  patagia  erected  and  tipped  with  white, 
giving  a  gray,  frosted  appearance.  Abdominal  dorsal  hairs  tipped  with  white,  except 
on  the  last  segment.     Expanse,  28  to  30  mm. 

Three  specimens,  Jalapa,  Mexico  (Schaus  collection),  labelled 
Perigea  stelligera  Gn. 

jy/^.  —  Cat.  No.  10336,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

The  species  is  smaller  than  stelligera,  less  bronzy,  but  most  distinct 
by  the  high  dorsal  frosted  gray  crest  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen. 


110  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Societv.       [Voi.  xv. 

Menopsimus,  new  genus. 

A  deltoid  genus  resembling  Tetanolita.  Palpi  strongly  upcurved  and  appressed 
to  the  front,  well  exceeding  the  vertex,  terete,  the  second  joint  slightly  thickened  by 
scales,  the  third  pointed.  Fore  legs  of  male  not  modified,  the  tibiae  two  thirds  as 
long  as  the  femora.  Antenna;  simple.  Spurs  of  the  hind  tibiae  very  long.  Pore 
wings  narrow,  the  margins  nearly  parallel,  outer  margin  rather  squarely  cut  ;  hind 
wings  trigonate. 

Menopsimus  caducus,  new  species. 

Fore  wings  brownish  to  blackish  gray,  darkened  mesially  before  a  slightly  oblique 
median  straight  whitish  line  that  runs  from  the  inner  margin  to  the  dark  obscure 
discal  dot,  not  reaching  the  costa.  The  other  lines  are  lost,  appearing  only  as  minute 
blackish  dots  in  the  positions  of  the  outer  and  inner  lines  ;  subterrainal  line  faint, 
pale,  parallel  to  the  median  line  ;  a  terminal  row  of  black  dots  ;  the  whole  wing  is 
slightly  silky  shining.     Hind  wings  pale  silky  grayish.     Expanse,  12  to  14  mm. 

Nine  specimens,  Hampton,  New  Hampshire  (S.  A.  Shaw)  ; 
Washington,  D.  C.  (H.  G.  Dyar). 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10283,  U.  S.  Nati£)nal  Museum.  A  cotype  in 
Mr.  Shaw's  collection. 

The  specimens  vary  considerably  in  color.  In  the  lighter,  more 
straw-colored  ones  the  white  median  line  becomes  faint  and  narrow, 
but  is  well  defined  by  its  dark  edge,  which  then  becomes  a  small  black 
line. 

Family  PYRALID^. 

Canarsia  feliculella,  new  species.-^ 

Pale  gray,  the  fore  wings  narrow  ;  inner  line  remote  from  the  base  with  a  single 
inward  tooth  in  the  middle,  white  within,  dark  gray  without ;  discal  mark  narrow, 
upright,  black  ;  outer  line  near  the  margin,  indented  below  the  costa,  thence  straight, 
dark  gray  within,  white  without ;  hind  wings  whitish,  tinged  with  gray.  Expanse, 
15  mm. 

Two  males,  Brownsville,  Texas,  June  17,  1904  (H.  S.  Barber), 
Burnet  Co.,  Texas  (F.  G.  Schaupp). 

Type.  —  Qz.t.  No.  10343,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Similar  to  C.  ubniarrosorella  Clem.,  but  much  paler,  the  wings 
narrower,  the  lines  less  dentate. 

Pyla  criddlella^  new  species. 

Blackish  gray,  lustrous,  not  metallic.  Lines  pale,  faint,  slightly  irregular,  edged 
within  with  blackish  ;  discal  mark  slender,  faint,  oblique,  blackish.  Hind  wings 
dark  gray  with  no  yellow  tint.      Expanse,  18  mm. 

One  (^,  Aweme,  Manitoba,  June  10,  1904  (N.  Criddle). 

Type.  — Cat.  No.  10344,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Similar  to  P.  hanhatnella  Dyar  from  the  same  region,  but  smaller, 
the  lines  of  the  wings  fainter  and  straighter,  the  hind  wings  without 
yellowish  shading. 


vJOU  JIM  AI^ 


OF    THE 


'^zm  ^orfe  %ntomoloQxc^l  M^ocittiQ. 


Edited  by  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 


Publishes  articles  relating  to  any  class  of  the  subkingdom  Arthropoda,  subject 
to  the  acceptance  of  the  Publication  Committee.  Original  communications  in  this 
field  are  solicited. 


Editorial. 
The  article  by  Mr.  Busck  published  in  the  March  number  (Journ. 
N.  Y.  Ent.  See,  xv,  19-36,  1907)  was  first  issued  as  author's  sepa- 
rates on  Feb.  7,  and  his  new  species  should  be  credited  with  that  date. 


The  Entomological  Society  of  America  met  in  New  York  during 
the  session  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Sci- 
ence and  successfully  organized.  We  have  expressed  our  belief  that 
this  society  is  unnecessary,  yet  as  it  has  supplanted  the  Entomological 
Club  by  a  stronger  association,  we  feel  now  more  reconciled  to  its 
existence.  We  shall  await  with  interest  to  see  if  it  shall  serve  any 
further  useful  purpose.     Any  such  is  at  present  rather  obscure  to  us. 


The  question  of  the  rule  for  selecting  types  of  genera  is  further 
treated  by  Mr.  Witmer  Stone  (Science,  n,  s. ,  xxiv,  560,  1906)  and 
Mr.  D.  W.  Coquillett  (Science,  n.  s.,  xxv,  308,  1907).  Mr.  Stone 
argues  ably  for  the  first  species  method,  while  Mr.  Coquillett  pro- 
nounces against  it.  Mr.  Coquillett' s  article  is  written  with  a  naive  air 
of  final  judgment,  yet  it  exhibits  a  singular  confusion  of  thought. 
The  "elimination  method"  is  approved,  yet  it  is  perfectly  evident 
from  his  remarks  that  it  is  not  the  elimination  method  that  Mr.  Co- 
quillett has  in   mind  at  all,  but  a  strongly  opposed   method,  namely 

111 


112  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       fvo .  xv 

that  of  the  nomination   of  types.      This  method   is  as  different  from, 
the  elimination  method   in  its  results  as  the  first  species  method  is. 
Mr.  Coquillett  is  further  confused  by  the  idea  that  there  is  a  right  and 
a  wrong  way  of  selecting  types.      In  fact,  these  terms  are  not  appli- 
cable, every  method  of  type  selection  being  essentially  arbitrary  and : 
a  question  of  rule  ;   the  matter  is  only  one  of  expediency.     The  elimi- 
nation method  has  proved  its  utter  inexpediency;  the  nomination  off 
types  is  far  better,  largely  eliminating  the  personal  equation,  but  still 
objectional  from  the  amount  of  otherwise  profitless  search  involved ; , 
the  first  species  method  is  by  far  the  simplest  and  most   expedient. 
Our  present  rules  are  so  extremely  elastic  that  they  allow  almost  any  - 
method  of  procedure  except  the  first  species  method.      It  is  high  time : 
that  they  were  amended  and  made  definite  on  the  only  definite  expe- 
dient method,  that  of  the  first  species. 

Since  writing  the  above,  we  have  read  the  article  by  President ; 
David  Starr  Jordan  (Science,  n.  s.,  xxv,  467,  1907)  favoring  the  first 
species  rule.      We  are  in  complete  accord  with  his  conclusions,  and 
cannot  imagine  why  they  should  not  similarly  appeal  to  everybody. 

We  have  been  recently  rather  shocked  by  the  attitude  of  so  emi- 
nent an  authority  as  Professor  S.  W.  Williston  on  this  subje'ct.      Hav- 
ing supposed  that  the  only  important  matter  requiring  adjustment  was 
the  establishment  of  the  first  species  method,  it  is  a  distinct  surprise 
to  find  the  generic  type  itself  in  doubt.      Professor  Williston  writes  : 
"  I  am  unalterably  opposed  to  any  law  of 'types,'  and  shall  never 
recognize  such  myself.      I  consider  a  genus  as  something  more  than  a 
specimen,   and  am  decidedly  opposed  to  any  law  which  permits  the 
ignorant  amateur  to  shield  himself  back  of  a  type,  throwing  upon  some 
one  else  the  burden  of  distinguishing  generic  characters.      Any  species 
that  an  author  uses  in  defining  a  genus  is  equally  a  type  if  he  chooses^ 
to  so  consider  it,  and  it  devolves  upon  the  one  who  'splits  '  the  genus-, 
to  show  the  differences  and  leave  the  residue  to  bear  the  original  name. . 
This  is  the  view  I  have  always  had ;  it  has  been  the  practice  of  all  I 
dipterologists,   until  recently  at  least,  and  it  doubtless  will  be  theiri 
practice  in  the  future.      I  do  not  think   that  rules  promulgated    by 
.    .    .   any  one  .    .   .   will  abolish  the  custom,  at  least  not  unless  some 
such  commission  as  Davenport  has  recently  suggested  (a  consummation 
devoutly  to  be  wished)  is  established." 


June,  1907.1  Editorial.  113 

BOOK  NOTICES. 
Catalogue  of  the  Lepidoptera  PhalcetKX  in  the  British  Museum.  Volume 
VI.  London:  1906.  Catalogue  of  the  Noctuidas  in  the  collec- 
tion of  the  British  Museum  by  Sir  George  F.  Hampson,  Bart. 
Volume  VI,  now  before  us,  comprises  the  Cucullianse,  a  subfamily 
of  the  Noctuidae  "characterized  by  its  trifid  neuration  of  the  hind 
wings  combined  with  spineless  tibiae  and  smooth  eyes  surrounded  by 
eye-lashes  of  bristle-like  hair."  692  species  are  catalogued  in  11 1 
genera,  of  which  251  species  in  46  genera  are  from  the  North  Ameri- 
can fauna,  north  of  Mexico.  The  changes  in  our  familiar  names, 
while  considerable,  are  not  greater  than  would  be  expected  as  a  result 
of  the  revision  of  the  species  of  the  world,  nor  greater  than  in  preced- 
ing volumes  of  this  work.  The  same  scheme  has  been  rigidly  adhered 
to.  The  largest  North  American  genera  are  Oncocnemis,  Graptolitha 
(^Xylina  of  our  lists),  and  Cucullia,  containing  52,  39  and  24  spe- 
cies respectively.  Xylitia  replaces  Calocampa,  as  used  by  us,  owing 
to  a  change  in  the  type  species.  Ten  new  genera  are  proposed, 
viz.  :  Protophana  for  Herrichia  cervina  Hy.  Edw.  ;  Homoncocnejnis 
for  Oncocnemis  fortis  QxX..  ;  Brachylomia  for  Cleocefis  poptiH  ^irec^., 
Dryobota  rectifascia  Sm.  and  Cleoceris  discolor  Sm.  ;  Dryotype  for 
Dryobota  opina  Grt.  ;  Xylotype  for  Xylina  capax  Grt.  ;  Eurotype 
for  Polia  acutissima  Grt.,  inedialis  Grt.,  confragosa  Morr.  and  con- 
tadina  Sm.  \  Harpaglcea  for  Glcea  sericea  Morr.,  tremula  Harv.  and 
pastillicans  Morr.  ;  Psectragltza  for  Glcea  carnosa  Grt.  and  olivata 
Harv.  ;  Brachycosmia  for  Anchocelis  digitalis  Grt.  Among  other 
changes,  Dryobota  Led.  is  restricted  to  the  European /^/rz^a  Esp.,  and 
does  not  occur  in  our  fauna ;  Staudinger's  genus  Bryomnia  is  used  for 
our  five  species  taken  from  Perigea,  Polia  and  Hadena  of  our  lists  ; 
Gl(za  is  sunk  under  Conistra  Hiibn.,  the  Tentamen  names  not  being 
recognized  ;  A)?iathes  Hiibn.  takes  most  of  our  Orthosias.  Several 
new  species  are  described.  The  volume  of  plates  accompanying  the 
text  seems  even  better  than  usual.  We  only  regret  that  these  very 
useful  volumes  follow  each  other  so  slowly,  although  we  fully  realize 
that  it  is  impossible  for  one  man  to  do  more  than  Sir  George  Hamp- 
son does,  and  do  it  so  well. 


114  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  x'\ 

A  Natural  History  of  the  British  Lepidoptera.  A  text-book 'for  stui 
dents  and  collectors.  By  J.  W.  Tutt,  F.E.S.  Vol.  VIII. 
London:  Berlin;  1906. 
This  volume  appears  out  of  its  regular  order,  preceding  volume^ 
V  and  VI,  as  the  matter  composing  it  was  found  ready.  It  hz 
been  appearing  in  parts  under  the  title  ''A  Natural  History  of  the 
British  Butterflies. ' '  The  work  extends  to  479  pages,  and  is  extremel) 
full  and  extended,  treating  of  only  ten  species  of  British  butterfliesj 
although  including  a  considerable  amount  of  general  discussion.  Th« 
method  of  nomination  of  types  is  followed  in  determining  the  type^ 
of  genera,  a  fresh  study  having  been  made  by  the  author,  with  result^ 
differing  from  previous  determinations,  as  would  be  expected, 
great  many  divisions  are  proposed  for  the  butterflies.  For  examplej 
the  Skippers  are  given  superfamily  rank,  under  the  name  Urbicolides  ;^ 
the  three  subfamilies  of  Watson  are  said  to  be  "  evidently  of  full 
family  value,"  and  are  accordingly  divided  into  subfamilies  and  tribes. 
We  think  this  is  an  exaggeration  of  the  importance  of  the  characters 
of  these  butterflies,  caused  by  concentrated  study  of  too  slender  ma- 
terial. The  characters  given  to  define  the  so-called  families  are  clearly 
of  subordinate  value  and  are  really  scarcely  sufficient  to  indicate  sub- 
families. We  are  sorry  that  the  author  did  not  attempt  a  new  classi- 
fication without  the  use  of  secondary  sexual  characters.  Some  of  the 
genera  are  too  close  and  should  be  united.  This  multiplicity  of  genera 
is  comparatively  harmless  in  a  work  treating  of  so  few  species,  but  if 
it  were  to  be  applied  to  the  world  species,  it  would  be  found  impracti- 
cable. But  in  general  we  have  little  fault  to  find  with  the  book,  and 
much  to  commend.  It  will  be  many  years  before  such  a  work  on 
American  Lepidoptera  will  be  possible. 

Field  Tables  to  Lepidoptera.     By  William  T.  M.  Forbes.     Worcester, 

Mass.,  1906. 

This  pamphlet  contains:  (1)  A  key  to  the  caterpillars  of  the 
Eastern  United  States,  the  only  general  work  on  American  caterpillars 
published.  It  separates  them  by  artificial  characters  and  prominent 
structural  differences;  (2)  field  tables  of  butterflies,  sphinxes,  sa- 
turnians,  etc.,  giving  common  as  well  as  scientific  names,  brief  de- 
scrijDtion,  size,  frequency  in  New  England,  seasons,  haunts,  and  other 
items  of  interest;  (3)  an  artificial  key  to  the  butterflies  of  New  Eng- 
land, more  complete  than  others.      Much  of  it  has  been  tested  by  the 


June,  1907.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  115 

author.  A  glossary  of  terms  used.  In  all  141  pages.  We  think 
this  work  should  prove  useful  to  collectors  and  field  workers.  It  can 
be  had   from   Davis  &   Bannister,   Worcester,    Mass.     The  price  is 

seventy-five  cents. 

♦ 

PROCEEDINGS   OF   THE    NEW   YORK   ENTOMO- 
LOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  October  2,  1906. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  H.  Roberts 
in  the  chair  with  ten  members  in  attendance. 

As  the  meeting  was  an  informal  one  no  scientific  papers  were  read  or  any  business 
transacted  but  a  number  of  the  members  gave  an  account  of  their  summer's  collecting 
experiences. 

Meeting  of  October  16,  1906. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  H.  Roberts 
in  the  chair  and  twelve  members  present. 

The  librarian,  Mr.  Schaeffer,  read  the  following  list  of  exchanges  received  during 
the  summer  : 

Canadian  Entomol.,  XXXVIH,  Nos.  6-10. 

Prof.  Dr.  G.  Kraatz  by  Dr.  Walther  Horn,  Berlin. 

Proceedings  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXX,  Nos.  1459,  146 1,  1463  and  1465. 

Wiener  Entomol.  Zeit. ,  XXV,  Nos.  5-9. 

Zeitschrift  f.  Wissenschaftiche  Insekten  biologic,  II,  Nos.  3-9. 

Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  XLII,  Nos.  2-11. 

Bulletino  della  Soc.  Entomol.  Italiana,  XXXVII,  Nos.  2,  3  and  4. 

Verb.  d.  k.-k.  Zool.-Bot.  Gesellschaft,  LVI,  Nos.  4  and  5. 

Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  XLV,  Nos.  i  and  2. 

Stettiner  Entom.  Zeitung,  LXVII,  No.  i. 

The  Insect  World,  X,  Nos.  6-9. 

Mittheilungen  der  Schweiz.  Entomol.  Gesellschaft,  XI,  No  4. 

Mittheilungen  aus  d.  Naturhist.  Museum  in  Hamburg,  XIX-XXII. 

Entomologische  Berichten,  II,  Nos.  25-30. 

Tijdschrift  voor  Entomologie,  XLIX,  Nos.  2  and  3. 

Eatomologiske  Meddelelser,  1906,  No.  i. 

Mittheilungen  aus  dem  Zool.  Museum  Berlin,  III,  No.  2. 

Bericht  iiber  das  Zool.  Museum.  Berlin  for  1905. 

The  resignations  of  Mr.  Julius  Meitzen  and  Mr.  Erich  Daecke  were  accepted 
with  regrets. 

Mr.  Groth  moved  that  Article  V  of  the  by-laws  be  amended  to  include  among  the 
duties  of  the  president  that  of  delegate  to  the  council  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences. 
Seconded. 

Action  upon  this  amendment  was  postponed  until  the  next  meeting. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  who  represented  the  Society  at  the  meeting  of  the  committee  held 
at  Ithaca,  N.  Y. ,  on  June  28,  1906,  to  organize  a  National   Entomological   Society, 


116  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  x\. 

reported  that  owing  to  the  absence  of  a  great  many  of  the  delegates  no  final  action 
was  taken.  All  of  the  members  present  expressed  themselves  as  in  favor  of  such  an 
organization.  It  was  expected  that  the  final  adoption  of  the  plan  and  organization 
of  such  a  society  would  be  accomplished  during  the  winter  session  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  which  was  to  be  held  in  New  York  City 
during  the  holidays. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  said  that  as  he  had  made  no  collecting  trip  for  the  Museum  this 
summer  he  had  found  considerable  time  to  study  some  of  the  remaining  unidentified 
material  from  his  former  expeditions  in  Texas  and  Arizona.  All  or  nearly  all  of  the 
remaining  material  in  the  families  Chrysomelidae  and  Anthribidce  had  been  studied  and 
the  results  published  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  and 
in  the  Brooklyn  Museum  Bulletin.  He  remarked  on  some  changes  made  in  the  latest 
catalogue  of  the  Anthribidje,  with  some  of  which  he  did  not  agree.  He  had  found 
the  Brownsville,  Texas,  region  especially  rich  in  this  family,  as  twenty -one  species 
are  known  to  occur  there.  The  Anthribid  fauna  of  the  Huachuca  Mountains,  Ari- 
zona, was  not  so  rich,  but  some  interesting  forms  occurred  there,  as  all  proved  to  be 
new.  In  exhibiting  a  collection  of  nearly  all  of  the  known  North  American  Anthri- 
bidse  he  pointed  out  the  distinguishing  or  remarkable  characters  of  some  of  the  new 
genera  and  species  and  also  mentioned  that  his  genus  Phanosohna  of  which  he 
showed  a  second  species  from  Arizona  is  synonymous  with  Discotenes. 

Mr.  Davis  exhibited  specimens  of  Mantispa  brunnea  and  read  some  notes  con- 
cerning the  occurrence  of  this  species  at  Lakehurst,  N.  J.  He  remarked  that  he  had 
been  able  to  trace  the  presence  of  this  insect,  when  not  too  far  away,  by  their  peculiar 
odor,  similar  to  that  of  certain  flies. 

Mr.  Barber  read  a  paper  on  the  subfamily  Alydinse  of  the  family  Coreida.  He 
drew  a  diagram  of  Alydtis  eurinus  and  explained  the  significance  of  the  distinguish- 
ing characters  used  in  separating  the  different  genera,  such  as  the  relative  length  of 
the  first  segment  of  antennae  to  length  of  head,  relative  length  of  hind  femora,  charac- 
ter of  humeral  angle,  length  of  corium  relative  to  membrane  and  whether  the  apical 
margin  of  corium  was  straight  or  sinuate.  Among  other  things  he  stated  that  this 
subfamily  was  world-wide  in  its  distribution,  but  of  the  twenty-one  genera  represented 
but  six  occur  in  the  western  hemisphere,  all  of  which  have  representatives  occurring 
in  North  America.  At  present  there  are  recorded  from  North  America,  including 
the  West  Indies,  fourteen  species,  of  which  nine  had  been  listed  for  the  United 
States,  and  he  had  recently  added  another  species  from  the  Huachuca  Mountains  of 
Arizona.  He  also  gave  the  structural  characters  of  each  of  the  genera  and  a  list  of 
the  species  occurring  within  the  United  States  as  well  as  their  habitat.  Specimens 
of  all  of  the  known  species  but  one  were  shown. 

H.  G.  Barber, 

Sea-etary. 


/oiini.  N.   Y.  E>it.  Soc. 


Vo/.  XV.  PI.  J. 


I 


z 


Dominican  Sphingid^. 


NEW   YORK   EiNTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Organized  June  29,  1892. — Incorporated  June  7,  1893. 


The  n»eetings  of  the  Society  are  held  on  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  month 
(except  June,  July,  August  and  September)  at  8  P.  M.,  in  the  American  Museum  of 
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Members  of  the  Society  will  please  remit  their  annual  dues,  payable  in  January,  to 
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Offiecrs  for   the  Year  1907. 

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Vice-President,  E.   B.   SOUTHWICK 206  West  83d  Street,  New  York. 

Treasurer,  y^yi.  T.  DAVIS 46  Stuyvesant  Place,  New  Brighton. 

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Vol.  XV. 


No.   3. 


JOU  RN AL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society. 


Devoted  to  JEutomologi?  in  (Beneral. 


SEPTEMBER,  1907. 

Edited  by  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 

Publication  Committee. 
Harrison  G.  Dyar.  Henry  Bird. 

E.  G    Love.  Charles  Schaeffer. 

F'ublishied.   Quarterly   by   thie   Society. 
LANCASTER,  PA.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

1907. 

[Entered  April  21, 1904,  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  as  second-class  matter,  under  Act  of  Congress  of  July  16, 1894.] 


VEIfAI>mNT..UNCA6TEfl.' 


By 


COiVTEMTS. 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  HYMENOPTERA. 

Tricbogramma  preliosa  Riley,  miscellaneous  habits  of  the  adult,  with  a  list 
of  hosts.     By  a.  a.  Girault 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  DIPTERA. 

A  new  genus  and  species  of  Sabethid  mosquito.     By  F.  Knab    . 

Deioocerites  again.     By  F.  Knab 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  LEPIDOPTERA. 

In  defense  of  Incisalia  henrici.     By  J.  H.  Cook 

Some  Newfoundland  Geometridae,  with  description  of  a  new  variety. 

1-.  W.  SWETT 

A  correction  of  some  recent  synonymy  in  the  genus  Thecla.     By  H.  Cook 
Description  of  a  variety  of  Automeris  io  Fab.     By  C.  H.  Luther  .    . 

A  genus  and  species  of  Geometridje  new  to  North  America.     By 

PtARSAlJ 

New  genera  and  species  of  American  Microlepidoptera.     By  A.  Busck     .    . 
Notes  on  some  American  Noctuids  in  the  British  Museum.     By  J.  B.  Smith 

Class  Hexapoda,  Orders  TRICHOPTERA  and  CORRODENTIA. 

New  Trichoptera  and  Psocidae.     By  N.  Banks 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  ORTHOPTERA. 
On  some  Forficulidae  of  the  United  States  and  West  Indies.     By  A.  N.  Caudei.i, 


R.    F 


117 


120 
121 


123. 

I2£ 

1 30 
131 

132 
134  1 

MI 

162  3 
166 


Editorial 171 

Book  Notice  172 

Proceedings  of  the  Society 173 


JOTJ^RN  JLl^ 


OF  THE 

Published  quarterly  by  the  Society  at  41  North  Queen  St.,  Lancaster, 
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Authors  of  each  contribution  to  the  Journal  shall  be  entitled  to  25 
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Editor  befo  e  the  page  proof  has  been  corrected. 


JOURNAL 


Jlf\a  "Sinvk  ^nj^omologiral  %m'it'^^. 


Vol.  XV.  SEPTEMBER,  1907.  No.  3. 

Class  I,  HEX  APOD  A. 

Order  I,   HYMENOPTERA. 

TRICHOGRAMMA    PRETIOSA    RILEY.       MISCEL- 
LANEOUS   HABITS    OF   THE   ADULT,   WITH 
A    LIST    OF    HOSTS. 

Bv  A.  Arsene  Girault, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  following  is  a  conclusion  of  the  publication  of  observations 
made  on  this  egg-parasite  during  the  Cotton  BoUworm  Investigations 
in  Texas  in  1904  by  the  National  Bureau  of  Entomology.  The  more 
important  of  these  have  already  been  published,  or  presented  for  publi- 
cation, and  this  brief  paper  records  especially  those  details  of  its  life- 
history  which  are  of  minor  consideration  or  of  interest  solely  from  the 
biological  standpoint.  The  observations  were  made  at  Paris,  Texas, 
latitude  33°  45',  and  the  host  was  Heliothis  obsoleta  Fabricius,  the 
common  boUworm  of  cotton. 

Emergence.  — The  little  parasites  issue  from  the  host  eggs  as  adults 
through  one  or  several  holes  cut  by  their  jaws  generally  in  the  upper 
side  of  the  egg.  The  hole  is  usually  rounded  in  outline,  but  with 
jagged  edges.  Quoting  from  a  general  note  made  in  1904:  "Out 
of  36  cases  of  emergence,  32  were  from  single  holes  in  various  parts 
of  the  host  ^^^^ ;  the  remaining  4  were  from  2  holes  in  the  host.  In 
the  latter  cases,  in  2  hosts,  there  were  2  large,  equal,  round  holes,  side 
by  side  in  the  upper  end  ;  in  the  third,  2  unequal  round  holes,  one 
on  each  and  opposite  sides  of  the  host,  and  in  the  fourth  case,  exit 
was  made  through  a  small  round  hole  at  apex  and  a  large  jagged  rent 

117 


118  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

in  the  side  near  base.  As  83  parasites  issued  from  these  36  hosts,  it  is 
evident  that  in  the  majority  of  cases  more  than  2  came  from  a  single 
host,  using  a  common  exit-hole." 

Additional  records  obtained  for  45  hosts  from  which  more  than  one 
parasite  issued  showed  that  but  5  or  11  per  cent,  made  their  exit 
through  more  than  one  hole  ;  the  remaining  89  per  cent,  emerged 
through  single  exit-holes.  The  hosts  in  this  case  averaged  about  three 
parasites  apiece. 

The  position  of  the  exit-hole  varies.  They  may  involve  the  micro- 
pyle  of  the  host  egg,  or  be  near  the  base,  but  as  stated  are  generally 
in  the  upper  half  of  one  side,  or  near  the  middle  of  the  side.  Their 
shape  varies  from  small,  almost  perfectly  round  holes  just  the  size  of 
the  parasite's  body,  to  large,  irregular,  jagged  ones,  but  is  normally  a 
mean  between  these  two  extremes.  Exceptionally,  an  exit-hole  may 
involve  the  whole  of  one  side  of  the  host  egg.  When  the  parasites 
issue  from  a  single  host  through  several  holes,  usually  2,  they  are  as  a 
rule  smaller  and  round,  and  in  the  upper  side  of  the  egg.  They  may 
or  may  not  adjoin,  for  instance  may  be  on  opposite  sides  of  the  host, 
or  all  grouped  together  at  the  micropyle  but  separated  one  from  the 
other.  Their  method  of  issuing  from  the  eggs  of  Alabama  argillacea 
Hiibner  is  about  the  same. 

^^  Brachypterous''  speci))iens. — Riley  (1885)  in  writing  of  this 
species  mentions  what  he  probably  supposed  to  be  true  brachypterous 
specimens,  but  which  must  have  been  very  recently  emerged  ones,  which 
have  the  wings  folded  in  dark  squares  over  the  back.  On  June  30,  I 
noted  this  to  be  the  case  with  two  males  and  five  females  issuing  at  2 
p.  M.,  and  in  the  autumn,  many  recently  emerged  specimens  were  found 
with  the  wings  in  that  condition.  Naturally  at  that  time  of  the  year  they 
would  be  noticed  more  for  the  reason  that  it  took  a  much  longer  time 
for  them  to  spread.  A  single  "short-winged"  female  was  captured 
just  as  it  issued  from  an  egg  of  Alabama  argillacea  Hiibner  on  a  cotton 
leaf,  at  II  A.  m.,  October  23,  1904.  The  wings  were  unspread  and 
folded  so  as  to  "  resemble  paddles"  (Riley,  1885).  It  was  taken  to  the 
laboratory  and  confined  in  a  small  glass  vial,  but  up  to  6  p.  m.  had 
not  changed.  However,  on  the  following  morning,  it  was  found  with 
normally  spread  wings.  Two  specimens  issuing  on  the  morning  of 
November  i  had  their  wings  similarly  folded  and  which  became 
normal  by  the  following  morning,  and  this  was  repeated  in  the  case 
of  numerous  specimens  emerging  on  the  morning  of  November  4. 


Sept.,  :907  ]  GiRAULT  :      TrICHOGRAMMA    PRETIOSA    RiLEY.  119 

Habits. — Although  the  parasites  occur  in  great  numbers,  on 
account  of  their  minute  size  and  inconspicuousness,  they  are  rather 
difficult  to  find  in  nature.  For  this  reason  their  natural  habits  in 
regard  to  activity  are  more  or  less  unknown,  except  in  the  case  of 
ovipositing  females. 

They  have  been  observed  crawling  over  the  leaves  of  corn  and 
cotton,  mostly  in  the  morning  of  fair  and  clear  days,  but  have  never 
been  observed  to  feed  on  the  secretions  of  leaf  glands  as  do  various  of 
the  Chalcidoidea.  In  the  laboratory,  however,  they  have  been  fed  on 
ripe  peach  juice  and  a  diluted  water  solution  of  brown  sugar,  some- 
times feeding  rather  eagerly,  but  mostly  quite  incidentally,  and  in  one 
case,  not  at  all.  The  taking  of  food  seems  to  have  no  effect  on  the 
length  of  life. 

In  regard  to  the  latter,  of  course,  we  have  nothing  but  laboratory 
records  upon  which  to  base  conclusions.  Through  all  of  the  breeding 
season  of  1904  numerous  specimens  were  kept  under  spacious  glass 
jars,  and  their  length  of  life  noted.  Summing  up  results,  the  average 
length  of  life  was  about  36  hours  or  slightly  longer,  but  the  range  was 
from  12  to  108  hours.  The  longer  period  was  very  exceptional.  The 
males  die  somewhat  earlier  than  the  females.  The  season  of  the  year 
apparently  has  no  effect  on  the  length  of  life.  Both  sexes  are  very 
active  and  crawl  rapidly  and  they  also  fly  and  are  then  very  hard  to  see. 

Percentage  of  Alabama  eggs  kitted.  —  A  few  records,  late  in  the 
season,  were  obtained  for  the  percentage  of  the  eggs  of  Alabama 
aroillacea  Hiibner,  the  cotton  caterpillar,  killed  by  this  parasite. 
On  October  22,  parasitized  eggs  were  common  on  cotton  but  healthy 
eggs  scarce.  Forty-six  (46)  eggs  collected  from  the  leaves  on  that 
date  showed  by  census  73.9  per  cent,  parasitism  ;  by  the  end  of  the 
week  following,  the  percentage  for  this  lot  was  76  per  cent.,  another 
egg  having  since  shown  the  characteristic  blackened  color. 

The  percentage  oi  obsoleta  eggs  parasitized  during  1904  has  been 
given  by  Quaintance  and  Brues  (1905). 

List  of  hosts. — The  genus  Trichogramma  confines  its  attacks- 
mostly  to  the  Lepidoptera,  as  far  as  our  records  go,  but  one  species,. 
odontotcc  Howard,  attacking  the  Coleoptera  (  Odontota  dorsalis  Thun- 
berg),  and  one,  ceresara  Ashmead,  known  definitely  to  attack  Hemip- 
tera  {Ceresa  bubalus  Fabr. ),  and  two  species  attacking  the  Hymen- 
optera,  namely,  minuta  Riley  and  pretiosa  Riley.  The  latter  species 
is  known  to  attack  members  of  two  orders,  Hymenoptera  and  Lepidop- 


120  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

tera,  and  has  quite  a  large  number  of  hosts  belonging  mostly  to  the 
last  named  order.  It  was  first  recorded  from  Alabama  and  Heliothis 
and  the  genus  Pterotius,  and  at  present  has  been  reared  from  the  follow- 
ing hosts. — Lepidoptera  :  Alaba7na  argillacea  Hubner,  A 7/fogra/>/i a 
brass! cce  Riley,  Carpocapsa  pomonella  Linn.,  Heliothis  obsoleta  Fab- 
ricius,  lafiassa  ligmcolor\NdL\kcr,  Lapliygma  frugiperda  Smith  &  Abbot, 
MamestraJ>icta  Harris,  Phlegethoiitias  sexta  Johanssen,  Platynota  ros- 
trana  Walker,  Polychrosis  vifeana  Clemens.  —  Hymenoptera  :  Pteronus 
r/7;<?j/y  Scopoli  and  doubtfully  Pachynematus palliventris  Cresson. 

Literature  referred  to. 
1885.     Riley,   Charles  Valentine.     4th  Rep.   U.  S.  Ent.  Commission,  Washington, 

p.  102. 
1905.     Quaintance,  Altus  Lacy  and  Charles  Thomas  Brues.     Bull.  No.  50,  Bureau 

Ent.,  U.  S.  Dep.  Agric,  Washington,  p.  116. 


Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  IV,  DIPTERA. 

A  NEW  GENUS  AND  SPECIES  OF  SABETHID 
MOSQUITO. 

By  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D,  C. 

Dinomimetes,  new  genus. 

Eyes  contiguous  ;  clypeus  without  bristles  ;  antennas  very  long,  filiform,  ciliate, 
the  whorls  inconspicuous,  the  second  segment  over  fourteen  times  as  long  as  wide  in 
both  sexes  ;  metanotum  with  setae.     Prothoracic  lobes  well  separated. 

Dinomimetes  epitedeus,  new  species. 

Female :  Antennae,  the  tori  small,  globular,  ochreous,  naked  ;  second  segment 
extremely  long  ;  third  segment  about  two-thirds  as  long,  the  following  ones  suc- 
cessively shorter ;  the  segments  are  densely  ciliate  and  bear  many  scattered  longer 
setae;  the  second  segment  brown  scaled.  Clypeus  elongate,  conical,  naked.  Labial 
palpi  moderately  short.  Occiput  clothed  with  narrow  pale  brownish  recumbent 
scales  and  a  few  scattered  erect  forked  ones  ;  along  the  posterior  margin  a  dense  con- 
used  row  of  erect  forked  scales.  Prothoracic  lobes  prominent.  Mesonotum  brown, 
the  scale  vestiture  bronzy  brown,  having  two  Submedian  bare  stripes  and  with 
numerous  coarse  setre,  mostly  in  subdorsal  and  lateral  rows,  longest  and  most  closely 
placed  on  the  posterior  portion.  Scutellum  distiilctly  trilobed,  yellow-brown,  with 
three  patches  of  brown  scales  and  groups  of  long  coarse  setre  on  the  lobes.     Meta- 


Sept.,1907]  Knab  :    Deinocerites  again.  121 

notum  rather  narrow,  elongate,  with  a  group  of  set;^  near  the  apex.  Postscutellum 
clothed  with  dull  brown  scales  and  with  many  pale  setae,  somewhat  produced  at  the 
middle  where  there  is  a  double  ridge  of  erect  scales.  Abdomen  long  and  slender, 
blunt  at  the  apex,  the  cerci  small,  slender  and  pointed.  Vestiture  of  the  abdomen 
above  dull  brown,  beneath  dull  yellowish  bronze.  Wings  rather  broad,  the  scales  of 
the  veins  brown  and  mostly  narrow.  Basal  cross-vein  slightly  oblique,  more  than  its 
own  length  behind  the  anterior  cross-vein.  Knobs  of  the  halteres  brown  scaled. 
Legs  brownish  black,  unicolorous.     Claws  small  and  simple. 

Length  of  body,  about  5  mm.  ;  of  wing,  4  mm. 

Male  :  Very  similar  to  the  female.  The  antennK  even  longer ;  the  third  seg- 
ment hardly  shorter  than  the  second,  the  fourth  but  little  shorter  than  the  third  ; 
terminal  segments  much  shortened.  Palpi  slender,  about  equal  to  those  of  the  female 
in  length.  Abdomen  subcylindrical,  slightly  expanded  at  the  apex  and  with  large 
very  stout  claspers.  All  the  claws  simple,  those  of  the  front  and  middle  legs  very 
long,  those  of  the  hind  legs  small. 

Length  of  body,  4  mm.  ;  of  wing,  4  mm. 

Locality.  — Port  Limon,  Costa  Rica  (2  9  9,  i  cf,  F.  Knab). 

Type.  — No.  10291,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

This  mosquito  has  a  deceptive  resemblance  to  Deinocerites  cancer 
Theob.  and  like  it  occurs  in  crab-holes.  My  remarks  in  Psyche,  xiii, 
p.  95,  on  the  occurrence  of  Deinocerites  cancer  at  Port  Limon  apply 
to  this  species.  At  the  time  the  article  was  written  the  specimens  in 
question  were  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Coquillett  and  were  not  accessible 
for  study. 


DEINOCERITES   AGAIN. 

Bv  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

In  Psyche  for  February,  1907,  Miss  Evelyn  G.  Mitchell,  attempts 
to  defend  the  subfamily  Deinoceritinte,  erected  by  her  in  Psyche,  xiii, 
1906,  pp.  1 1-2 1.  The  last  article  is  so  pretentious  in  character  and 
presents  such  a  mixture  of  ideas  that  it  calls  for  some  criticism. 

I  will  first  take  up  the  larval  characters  of  Deinocerites  which  are 
made  use  of  by  Miss  Mitchell.  While  in  her  original  article  it  is  not 
directly  stated  that  the  "  groove  "  is  a  unique  structure,  one  is  led  to 
infer  from  her  statements  that  this  was  her  belief.  What  I  asserted  in 
my  article  on  Deinocerites,  Psyche,  xiii,  pp.  96-97,  and  still  maintain, 
is  that  a  mere  matter  of  difference  in  size  and  shape  of  the  structure  in 
question  can  have  no  great  systematic  value.      The  '^angulation''  of 


122  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

the  chitinous  piece  in  question,  which  Miss  Mitchell  insists  is  such  an 
important  feature,  is  largely  illusory.  The  figure  of  the  under  side  of 
the  head  which  I  gave  in  Psyche  was  carefully  drawn  from  a  head  in 
horizontal  position  and  I  believe  is  a  correct  representation  of  the 
head  when  thus  viewed.  When  the  larva  is  examined  from  above  the 
head  is  deflected  and  the  lobes  projecting  at  the  sides  are  seen  in  per- 
spective and  present  the  angular  appearance  noted  by  Miss  Mitchell. 
It  will  be  unnecessary  to  discuss  at  this  time  the  mandibular  structures 
of  mosquito  larvae.  I  simply  assert  that  the  structures  pointed  out  by 
Miss  Mitchell  are  not  of  primary  importance.  If  one  adopted  Miss 
Mitchell's  method  of  classification,  Lesticocampa,  in  which  the  larva 
has  enormous  maxillae  projecting  far  beyond  the  antennae,  shaped  like 
mandibles  and  armed  with  several  long  sharp  teeth,  would  on  such  a 
remarkable  structure  have  to  be  removed  from  the  Diptera  altogether  ! 
Her  simile  in  this  connection  of  the  tails  of  monkeys  throws  an  inter- 
esting sidelight  on  her  ideas  of  classification  which  would  certainly 
astonish  vertebrate  zoologists.  Would  she  propose  to  remove  the 
South  American  short-tailed  Brachyurus  from  the  Platyrrhine  group 
and  mercilessly  throw  it  among  the  old  world  apes  ? 

It  will  be  as  well,  on  this  occasion,  to  dispose  of  Miss  Mitchell's 
subfamily  Psorophorinae.  Littzia  bigoti  has  a  predaceous  larva,  in  all 
the  details  of  the  mouth  parts  like  that  of  Fsorophora.  But  by  no 
artifice  can  the  adult  of  this  mosquito  be  associated  with  Fsorophora. 
It  is  only  by  the  very  large  empodia  that  this  form  is  generically  sep- 
arable from  Ciilex,  an  adaptive  structure  to  enable  this  large  mosquito 
to  rest  upon  the  water.  The  larval  structure  is  purely  adaptive  to 
habits  and  doubtless  acquired  quite  independently. 

But  it  is  when  we  turn  to  the  adult  characters  that  the  crudity  of 
Miss  Mitchell's  ideas  becomes  most  obvious.  It  is  certainly  a  great 
wrong  to  Osten  Sacken  to  misquote  him  in  the  manner  she  has.  The 
striking  differences  in  the  antennae  of  the  Nemocera  anomala  from 
those  of  the  true  Nemocera  lie  in  the  brevity  of  the  segments  and  the 
absence  of  the  whorls  of  sensory  hairs.  Anyone  who  has  examined 
the  antenna;  of  a  Shnulium  or  a  Bibionid  will  appreciate  the  difference. 
The  antennae  of  Deinocerites  differ  from  those  of  most  other  Culicids 
merely  in  the  greater  relative  length  of  some  of  the  segments  ;  as  a 
result  the  whorls  of  hairs  are  less  conspicuous,  but  present  they  are. 
How  any  member  of  so  homogeneous  and  specialized  a  group  as  the 
mosquitoes  can  be  considered  "primitive,"  least  of  all  one  with  such 


Sept.,  1907.]  Cook:    In  Defense  of  Incisalia  henrici  123 

specialized  habits  as  Deinocerites,  is  incomprehensible.  Moreover  a 
mosquito  which  has  similarly  elongated  antennal  segments  but  belong- 
ing to  a  distinct  group,  the  Sabethinte,  and  described  in  the  preceding 
article,  has  recently  come  to  light.  Furthermore  Culex  iatisqtiamma 
Coq.  has  a  distinctly  elongated  second  segment  of  the  antennae.  As 
all  three  of  these  species  live  in  crab-holes  it  becomes  obvious  that  the 
lengthening  of  the  antennal  segments  is  not  a  ''primitive  "  character 
but  is  correlated  in  some  way  to  the  mode  of  life  of  these  mosquitoes. 
The  attitude  of  alertness  which  these  mosquitoes  must  maintain  to 
avoid  destruction  by  the  excursions  of  their  crustacean  host  may  pos- 
sibly account  for  the  presence  of  this  extra  length  of  sensory  surface. 
Finally  a  fact  bearing  on  Miss  Mitchell's  new  classification  of  the 
Culicidte  bv  antennal  characters.  Unfortunately  for  her  generaliza- 
tions, in  the  subfamily  Sabethinse  (Trichoprosoponinas,  Miss  Mitchell) 
the  gexiGxa.  Joblotia  (^Trichoprosopon^,  Lesticocampa  and  Sabethes  have 
densely  plumose  antennre  in  the  male. 


Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  V,  LEPIDOPTERA. 

IN  DEFENSE  OF  INCISALIA  HENRICI. 

By  Prof.  John  H.  Cook, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

In  the  Entomological  News  for  April  (1907)  Dr.  Henry  Skinner 
has  published  an  article  entitled  "  Studies  of  Thecla  irtts  Godart  and 
T.  Henrici  Grote  and  Robi)ison''  in  which  he  contends  that  "these 
two  names  represent  one  variable  species. ' '  Having  made  an  elaborate 
investigation  of  these  butterflies,  and  having  published  *  conclusions 
to  which  Dr.  Skinner  has  taken  exception,  I  feel  called  upon  to  make 
definite  and  detailed  reply  to  the  article  in  question. 

The  concluding  sentence  reads :  * '  From  the  evidence  befoi-e  me  I 
am  convinced  that  Thecla  irus  and  hetirici  ^xt.  one  species."  Let  us 
first  inquire  into  the  "evidence  "  presented  in  support  of  this  con- 
tention. 

*  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXXVII,  No.  6  (June,  1905),  p    216. 


124  Journal  New  York  EntojMOLogical  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

The  Evidence  Presented. 

Point  I.  —  In  ^1  I  (1.  7)  Dr.  Skinner  writes  :  "  I  have  never  been 
able  to  make  out  two  species,  one  for  each  of  the  above  names."  The 
argument  is  reinforced  by  repetition  in  ^[3  (1.  i).  "If  there  are 
two  species  of  Tliecla  found  here  (Philadelphia)  that  might  be  desig- 
nated as  irus  and  henrici,  I  have  failed  to  discover  the  fact." 

Both  of  these  statements  are  obviously  true  but  can  hardly  be 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  evidence. 

Poi7it  2. — In  ^  I  (1.  18)  we  read:  "It  would  seem  logical  to 
think  that  henrici  was  believed  to  be  a  new  species  because  it  differed 
from  the  figure  of  irus  given  by  Boisduval  and  Leconte.  I  do  not 
believe  that  the  authors  knew  any  T.  irus  in  nature." 

I  would  point  out  that  a  belief  is  not  evidence  and  that  this 
"logical"  inference  is  based  upon  a  debatable  major  premise.  But 
the  whole  question  should  be  dismissed  as  irrelevant  and  beside  the 
point.  Inasmuch  as  Grote  and  Robinson  have  left  us  the  type  speci- 
men, I  fail  to  see  how  a  knowledge  of  the  psychology  back  of  the 
original  description  of  iienrici  can  be  of  any  assistance  in  an  attempt 
to  determine  the  validity  of  the  species  based  upon  that  type. 

Point 3.  —  In  ^  3  (1.  6)  there  is  given  a  partial  list  of  the  opin- 
ions which  have  been  expressed  by  various  writers  on  the  group,  W. 
H.  Edwards,  Herman  Strecker,  S.  H.  Scudder,  and  myself. 

I  pass  by  the  exclusion  of  the  expressed  opinions  of  J.  B.  Smith, 
H.  G.  Dyar,  W.  J.  Holland,  and  others  "who  have  probably  not 
investigated  "  the  two  names  {Jienrici  and  irus^  and  confine  myself  to 
the  point  at  issue.  From  the  list  given  it  appears  that  the  division  of 
opinion  resulted  in  placing  Scudder  and  Strecker  on  one  end  of  the 
beam  and  Mr.  Edwards  and  me  on  the  other.  Thus  was  equilibrium 
maintained  until  Dr.  Skinner  threw  the  weight  of  his  authority  into 
the  balance,  thereby  lifting  Mr.  Edwards  and  myself  high  in  the  air. 

I  would  timidly  venture  the  assertion  that  the  relative  value  of  two 
opinions  is  not  to  be  gauged  by  the  number  and  prominence  of  the 
men  who  hold  them  so  much  as  by  the  number  and  importance  of  the 
facts  upon  which  they  are  based.  I  may  point  out  in  this  connection 
that,  of  the  four  eminent  gentlemen  in  the  pans,  Mr.  Edwards  alone 
has  bred  either  species  ;  and  that  his  more  humble  companion  in  the 
recent  ascension  has  bred  both  species.  The  weights  of  opinions  vary 
and  it  may  be  that  the  scales  will  respond  to  the  specific  gravity  of  the 
two  unequal  masses. 


Sept.,  1907 1        Cook:    Ix  Defense  of  Incisalia  henr.ici.  125 

Point  4.  —  The  alar  expanse  and  the  suffusion  of  the  upper  surface 
of  the  wings  are  stated  (in  ^|  4)  to  afford  no  diagnostic  characters. 

With  this  I  heartily  agree  ;  indeed  pointed  out  the  latter  fact  in 
the  tenth  paragraph  of  my  former  article  (referred  to  above).  What 
of  it? 

Point  5.  — In  ^  5  Dr.  Skinner  characterizes  the  stigma  (which  I 
made  the  basis  of  my  definition  of  the  species)  as  "  a  secondary  sexual 
character  that  occurs  in  some  males  and  not  in  others."  In  other 
words,  if  you  mix  peas  and  beans  in  a  bag  you  will  find  that  the  bag 
contains  both  peas  and  beans.  "  This  not  only  applies  to  irus-henrici 
but  to  some  other  species  in  the  genus. ' '  We  are  here  considering  a 
concrete  case  and  evidence  concerning  other  species  is  inadmissible.* 
Let  us  avoid  side  issues.  "  It  has  no  generic  or  specific  value  and  is 
simply  an  individual  variation."  This  is  an  opinion  and  again  I 
would  remind  the  reader  that  evidence  is  made  up  of  facts  not  of 
opinions. f 

Points. — ^6:  On  the  underside  of  the  primaries  the  "line 
running  from  the  costa  to  the  first  median  nervule  .  .  .  has  no 
specific  value  and  no  proper  correlation  with  other  so-called  specific 
characters  given  by  Mr,  Cook"  ;  and  /<?////  7,  ^  7  :  concerning  the 
variable  color  areas  of  the  secondaries  beneath  "there  is  no  correlation 
between  any  of  these  characters  .   .    ." 

Very  well  then,  I  stand  corrected.  My  generalizations  were 
drawn  from  such  specimens  as  I  possessed  and  for  them  held  good. 
My  series  at  the  time  numbered  63  //ev/r/V/and  106  irns.  Every  ex- 
perienced lepidopterist  will  recognize  the  difficulties  attending  an 
attempt  to  separate  two  species  which  closely  resemble  each  other,  by 
reference  to  any  single  feature  of  the  wing  ornamentation  without 
considering  other  features.  Especially  is  this  so  when  one  or  both 
of  the  species  is  variable.     In  the  present  inquiry  we  have  an  unusually 


*  I  would  find  Dr.  Skinner's  statement  of  more  value  if  he  had  printed  the  names 
of  some  of  the  Thecla  which  exhibit  this  peculiarity.  I  must  profess  the  ignorance  of 
one  whose  knowledge  is  limited  and  will  be  grateful  for  the  facts.  This  is  a  request 
for  information. 

■f"  I  will  gladly  pay  five  dollars  ($5)  to  anyone  who  will  furnish  me  with  a  butter- 
fly of  the  male  sex,  corresponding  in  essential  points  with  Grote  and  Robinson's  type 
henrici,  which  has  a  stigma.  I  will  pay  an  equal  amount  for  any  male  butterfly  of 
the  genus  Incisalia  (Minot)  taken  in  the  eastern  United  States  or  Canada,  without 
the  stigma  and  which  does  not  agree  in  essentials  with  the  above  named  type.  This  . 
is  not  a  reward  ;  the  amount  offered  represents  simply  the  value  to  me  for  study  of 
such  specimens,  if  they  exist. 


126  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

constant  species  (^hen?-ici)  and  a  very  variable  species  {ints).  In  my 
article  (Can.  Ent.,  June,  1905)  I  sought  to  indicate  the  principal 
characters  which  I  had  always  found  associated  in  lienrici.  I  have 
not  since  found  it  necessary  to  modify  my  characterization  of  that 
species.  My  knowledge  is  confined  to  the  18S  heiirici  in  my  own 
collection,  the  specimens  in  the  New  York  State  Museum,  the  Museum 
of  Natural  History  (New  York  City),  the  National  Museum,  eleven 
private  collections  to  which  I  have  access,  and  a  few  individuals  which 
I  have  sent  to  other  collections.  Still  I  am  not  wedded  to  the  gen- 
eralizations and  am  perfectly  willing  to  abandon  each  and  all  of  them 
upon  the  presentation  of  proper  evidence  ;  however  —  not  otherwise. 

Concerning  the  differentiating  characters  which  I  gave  for  irus  I 
frankly  admit  that  each  may  prove  unreliable  when  considered  alone  * 
but  I  have  yet  to  find  a  specimen  which  does  not  exhibit  soine  of  the 
differentiating  characters.  My  examination  has  been  confined  to  the 
material  in  the  collections  before  mentioned,  the  J.  A.  Lintner 
Memorial  Collection  and  634  specimens  in  my  own  cases.  It  is  by 
no  means  impossible  that  Dr.  Skinner,  with  a  larger  or  more  complete 
series  has  been  enabled  to  reach  conclusions  more  valuable  than  those 
which  I  have  published. 

To  sum  up  :  points  i,  2  and  3  may  be  dismissed  as  irrelevant  ; 
point  4  is  conceded,  it  has  no  weight  as  an  argument  ;  point  5  does 
not  fall  under  the  head  of  "  evidence  "  —  it  is  an  opinion  ;  points  6 
and  7  are  open  to  question.  I  would  point  out  that  Dr.  Skinner's 
failure  to  find  correlated  differences  among  the  butterflies  does  not 
prove  that  such  differences  do  not  exist ;  and  even  if  they  did  not  exist ^ 
the  main   thesis  (that  henrici  is   identical  with   irus')   would  still  be 

unproven. 

The  Evidence  not  Presented. 

It  may  be  pertinent  also  to  examine  the  evidence  which  Dr. 
Skinner  has  withheld.  In  reply  to  the  seven  points  of  evidence  which 
he  has  adduced  in  support  of  his  contention,  I  would  present  seven 
other  points  as  follows  : 

1.  Henrici  eggs  differ  constantly  from  irus  eggs. 

2.  Henrici  larvae  in  the  second  stage  differ  constantly  from  irus 
larvae  in  the  second  stage. 

*For  instance  the  criterion  of  the  projection  of  the  basal-area  (secondaries 
beneath)  between  the  median  nervules,  has  failed  in  four  cases  out  of  more  than  eight 
hundred  —  less  than  one  half  of  one  per  cent. 


Sept.,  1907.]         Cook  :    In  Defense  of  Incisalia  henrici.  127 

3.  Henrici  larvae  in  the  third  stage  differ  constantly  from  irus 
larvae  iu  the  third  stage. 

4.  Henrici  larvae  in  the  final  stage  differ  constantly  from  iriis 
larvfe  in  the  final  stage. 

5.  Henrici  chrysalids  differ  constantly  from  irus  chrysalids. 

6.  Henrici  "  breeds  true  "  ;  henrici  d^  mates  with  henrici  $  and 
the  progeny  are  henrici. 

7.  Irus  "breeds  true";  irus  cj"  mates  with  irus  ?  and  the 
progeny  are  irus. 

Of  these  seven  facts  the  first  five  were  (or  should  have  been) 
known  to  Dr.  Skinner  before  the  publication  of  his  views  in  the  Ento- 
mological News  for  April,  for  I  communicated  them  to  him  early  in 
February.  The  letter  was  enclosed  in  an  envelope  with  my  address 
printed  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner  and  has  never  been  returned  to 
me  by  the  postal  authorities.  Even  under  the  charitable  assumption 
that  this  letter  never  reached  its  destination,  Dr.  Skinner  can  hardly 
plead  that  the  facts  were  unknown  to  him  without  laying  himself  open 
to  the  charge  of  culpable  ignorance  of  the  literature  of  his  subject,  for 
W.  H.  Edwards  published  the  life-history  of  henrici  more  than  twenty- 
five  years  ago  *  and  the  life-history  of  irus  appeared  in  the  Canadian 
Entomologist  in  i9o6.f 

Three  hypotheses  may  be  entertained  in  an  endeavor  to  account 
for  Dr.  Skinner's  attitude  :  (A)  he  has  ignored  the  above  facts  —  in 
which  case  his  argument  is  unscientific,  for  it  is  surely  unscientific  to 
suppress  evidence  that  does  not  square  with  a  preconceived  notion  ; 
(B)  he  doubts  the  facts  —  which  is  discourteous  as  well  as  unscientific  ; 
or  (C)  he  has  chosen  to  interpret  them  otherwise  than  as  establishing 
the  specific  validity  of  Grote  and  Robinson's  henrici  —  which  is 
merely  absurd. 


NOTE  BY  THE  EDITOR.  (^  N(^-^V<s.v  J 


The  distinctness  of  these  two  Thec/a  is  proved  on  the  adult  char- 
acters adduced  by  Professor  Cook.  The  stigma  of  the  male  being 
present  in  one  and  not  in  the  other.  This  is,  as  Dr.  Skinner  says,  a 
secondary  sexual  character  ;  but  it  is  of  absolute  specific  value.  It 
has  generally  been  used  as  of  generic  value,  and  the  reason  we  agree 
with  Dr.  Skinner  that  it  should  not  be  so  used,  is  not  because  it  is 
variable  or  inconstant,  which  is  not  the  case,  but  because  as  a  matter 


*Papilio,  I,  150-152,  Oct.,  1881. 

tVol.  XXXVIII,  No.  5  (May),  p.  141  and  No.  6  (June),  p.  181. 


128  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.xv. 

of  policy  and  choice  we  prefer  to  found  genera  on  characters  exhibited 
by  both  sexes.  Many  will  not  take  this  view.  In  fact  most  of  the 
families  of  North  American  Lepidoptera  have  been  heretofore  classi- 
fied on  secondary  sexual  characters.  In  this  view,  our  two  Thecla  are 
not  only  specifically,  but  generically  distinct.  Of  course,  the  larval 
differences  are  additional  proof,  if  any  were  needed.  We  infer  that 
Dr.  Skinner,  not  having  studied  the  larvce,  has  supposed  that  their 
characters  were  negligible. 


SOME  NEWFOUNDLAND  GEOMETRIDiE,  WITH 
DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  VARIETY. 

By  Louis  W.  Swett, 
Bedford,  Mass. 

In  collecting  a  series  of  the  conwnon  Sciagraphia  grani/afa  Gn.  I 
was  struck  with  the  great  diversity  of  coloration  and  markings,  the 
colors  varying  from  violet  gray,  yellowish,  dark  olive,  light  gray  to 
pure  silvery  white  and  some  with  brick  red  markings.  In  a  lot  from 
Newfoundland,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Owen  Bryant,  I  found  three 
of  a  very  distinct  form  differing  from  any  of  the  numerous  descriptions 
and  from  others  from  the  same  locality.  At  first  I  feared  to  describe 
them,  as  there  are  so  many  synonyms  in  this  group,  but  after  reading 
through  all  the  descriptions  I  find  certain  features  which  make  these 
very  distinct.  The  only  description  that  at  all  approaches  this  variety 
is  suhmannorata  Walk.  (Cat.  Brit.  Mus.,  p.  S87,  vol.  23,  1861),  but 
the  markings  and  color  of  lines  render  it  distinct.  Below  I  append 
my  description. 

Sciagraphia  granitata,  var.  oweni,  new. 

Expands  1.2  inches.  Color  above  silvery  white  with  very  large  black  dots  and 
wide  smoky  black  lines.  On  costa,  four  black  patches  more  lengthened  than 
usual,  white  between.  Basal  line  of  fore  wings  smoky  black  (width  of  the  body) 
showing  in  three  prominent  spots.  Mesial  band  smoky,  straight  at  costa,  wider  than 
on  inner  margin,  including  black  distal  dot,  the  black  dots  show  plainly  on  veins. 
Beyond  discal  dot  a  narrow  white  sinuate  line  bordering  the  very  broad  smoky  band 
which  runs  almost  straight  from  black  apical  patch  to  inner  margin,  widening  after  spot 
between  veins  3  and  4  as  it  approaches.  Beyond  this  the  border  is  marbled  with  black 
and  white  striations  (more  marked  than  inside  mesial  band)  sometimes  running  into 
cloudings.     The  veins  at  base  of  fringe  marked  with  small  dots.     Hind  wings  heavily 


Sept.,  1907.]      SwETT :    Some  Newfoundland  Geometrid.«.  129 

powdered  with  black  and  white  atoms,  basal  smoky  line  straight,  discal  line  large 
and  black,  then  an  extra  discal  smoky  line  running  from  anal  angle  high  up  on  outer 
margin,  more  so  than  usual.  Beneath  more  striking,  white  and  black  striations,  legs 
black,  marbled  with  white,  body  also  ;  no  ochreous  markings  as  in  subniarniorata  and 
most  of  the  other  synonyms.  Basal  and  mesial  bands  very  wide,  merging  near  inner 
margin,  black  discal  dot,  then,  smoky  marginal  band  containing  black  patch  in 
middle.  Hind  wings,  basal  line  more  sinuous  than  above,  wide,  smoky  black ;  very 
prominent  discal  spot,  a  faint  mesial  line,  then  wide  smoky  black  submarginal  band, 
beyond  marbled  with  black  and  white. 

Grand  Lake,  Newfoundland,  August. 

This  variety  may  be  distinguished  from  all  others  by  prominent 
black  spots  on  fore  wings  with  wide  smoky  black  bands  (not  ochreous 
lines  or  bands  as  in  most  others)  black  and  white  body  and  legs. 
Described  from  3  cfc?,  one  in  my  own  collection,  one  in  the  National 
Museum,  Type  No.  10275,  the  third  in  O.  Bryant's  collection. 
Besides  this  interesting  variety  Mr.  Bryant  turned  up  the  following 
species  : 

1.  Lobophora  nivigerata  Walk. 

2.  Vcnusia  cambrica  Curt. 

3.  Eiistroma  destinata  var.  higiibrata  Mosch. 

4.  Rheinnaptera  hastata  var.  vicistata  Nolck. 

5.  Rlieiiviapiera  sociata  Bork. 

6.  Rheumaptera  luctiiata  D.  &  S. 

7.  Rheumaptera  In  etna  fa  var.  concordata  Walk. 

8.  Mesoleuca  silaceata  Hiib, 

9.  Hydriotiiena  magnoliata  On. 

10.  Hydriomena  magnoliata  var.  at  mat  His  G.  &  R. 

11.  Xanthorhoe  a  bras  aria  H.-S. 

12.  Xanthorhoe  convallaria  Gn. 

13.  Leptomeris  frigidaria  M5sch. 

14.  Sciagraphia  granitata  Gn. 

•    15.   Sciagraphia  granitata  \dL.r.  02ue>ii '^vf&it. 

16.  Sciagraphia  neptaria  Gn. 

17.  Cymatopliora  incept  aria  Walk.  ? 

This  is  not  intended  to  be  a  complete  list  but  just  to  show  what 
species  would  be  commonly  met  with.  The  other  Newfoundland 
specimens  of  .S".  granitata  correspond  to  Packard's  variety  sexmaculata, 
being  stunted  and  olive  gray  ;  but  it  would  be  useless  to  attempt  to 
separate  these  synonyms  without  comparison  with  Walker's  types  as 
well  as  the  others.  I  wish  to  thank  Dr.  Dyar  for  specimens  and 
advice  ;  also  Mr.  Grossbeck  for  comparisons. 


130  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

A    CORRECTION    OF    SOME    RECENT    SYNONYMY 
IN    THE    GENUS    THECLA. 

By  Harry  Cook, 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  Henry  Skinner,  of  Philadelphia,  has  lately  (Ent.  News,  Feb., 
1907,  p.  47),  appeared  in  print  with  an  article  noticeable  for  the 
strangeness  not  to  say  weirdness  of  the  theories  advanced.  Dr. 
Skinner,  it  seems,  lately  secured  some  seventy-three  specimens  of 
edwarsi  and  calanus  and,  being  unable  to  divide  them  to  his  own 
satisfaction,  jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  they  were  one  and  the 
same  species.  This  conclusion  would  have  been  entirely  harmless  had 
it  not  been  published.  But  a  printed  article  bearing  such  a  well- 
known  name  as  that  of  Dr.  Skinner  may  lead  some  astray  and  so  it 
seems  well  to  call  attention  to  a  few  facts.  In  the  first  place  Dr. 
Skinner  divided  his  specimens  on  a  basis  of  color,  which  is  no  basis  at 
all,  unless  one  has  perfectly  fresh  specimens,  as  these  frail  butterflies, 
weather  quickly.  Of  course,  this  basis  gave  no  results.  It  could  not 
be  expected  to.  He  then  considered  the  extra  mesial  band  on  the 
underside  of  the  primaries  which  is  one  of  the  distinguishing  char- 
acters, but  found  "absolutely  no  differential  characters  in  it."  His. 
investigations  at  this  point  could  hardly  have  been  very  thorough  for 
by  this  band,  and  its  continuation  on  the  secondaries,  the  two  species, 
are  with  a  little  practice,  readily  separated.  I  have  taken  as  many  as 
one  hundred  in  a  day  of  these  little  Theclas  and  never  found  any  that 
could  not  be  easily  determined. 

It  would  be  well  for  Dr.  Skinner  to  consider  also  the  larval,  pupal 
and  egg  stages  of  these  insects  before  he  makes  a  final  determination 
of  the  affair.  The  larvae  he  will  find  quite  distinct  and,  in  this  locality 
at  least,  they  feed  on  wholly  different  trees.  Edwardsi  eats  oak  while 
calanus  prefers  hickory  and  butternut. 

In  a  footnote  on  page  45  of  the  same  issue  of  the  News,  Dr. 
Skinner  states  as  his  opinion  that  Incisalia  inis  and  /.  heiirici  are  one 
and  the  same.  Another  extraordinary  discovery  !  The  Doctor  this  time 
does  not  enlighten  us  as  to  how  he  came  to  his  conclusions.  Probably 
he  did  so  through  a  superficial  examination  of  the  imagines.  I  should 
like  to  call  his  attention  to  the  original  descriptions  of  these  two  but- 
terflies, not  to  the  pictures.      If  one  has  a  series  of  the  two  species. 


Sept.,  1907.]  Luther:    Description  of  Automeris.  131 

they  can  be  readily  divided  by  closely  following  these  descriptions. 
Also  an  article  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XXXVII,  No.  6, 
p.  216,  may  help  to  orient  one  unused  to  the  genus.  The  larvae 
chysalids  and  eggs  of  these  two  species  also  are  very  distinct.  Of 
course  no  one  denies  that  these  species  are  closely  allied,  as  also  are 
calanus  and  edwardsi,  but  their  distinctive  characters  are  permanent 
and  stable  from  generation  to  generation  and  appear  in  all  the  stages 
from  the  egg  to  the  imago.  Some  of  the  members  of  the  genus  Jhanaos 
are  much  more  confusing  than  XhtTheclas  here  referred  to  but  their 
validity  as  separate  species  is  unquestioned.  The  true  test  of  the 
identity  of  species  is  found  in  breeding.  Let  Dr.  Skinner  breed  a 
few  of  these  butterflies  and  then  let  us  hear  his  conclusions.  How- 
ever he  should  not  despair.  I  remember  distinctly  when  I,  as  a  boy, 
was  quite  convinced  that  Argyunis  cybele  and  A.  atlantis  were  iden- 
tical and  that  all  preceding  entomologists  were  entirely  wrong.  Such 
ideas  should  be  kept  secret  until  one  has  facts  wherewith  to  prove 
them.  Any  premature  disclosure  of  one's  psychical  processes  without 
sufficient  facts  or  adequate  logic  to  substantiate  them  is  unfortunate  as 
it  tends  to  mislead  the  inexperienced  beginners  and  confuses  the  litera- 
ture of  the  subject. 


DESCRIPTION    OF    A    VARIETY    OF    AUTOMERIS 

10,    FAB. 

By  Chas.   H.   Luther,   Jr., 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Automeris  io,  variety  fuscus,  new. 

Male.  Expanse  of  wing  2"  to  1^%".  Head,  antenn£e,  thorax,  abdomen,  legs 
and  ground  color  of  wings  a  bright  yellow.  Discal  markings  on  the  fore  wings  in  the 
form  of  an  irregular  broken  oval  with  a  dot  in  the  center.  Large  eyes  and  broad 
yellow  marginal  bands  on  the  hind  wings. 

Female.  Expanse  of  wing  i^/^"  to  "^^yi" ■  Head  and  thorax  dark  brown.  An- 
tennae, abdomen,  legs  and  under-surface  of  wings  brick  color.  Markings  on  the  upper 
surface  of  fore  wings  pronounced,  the  whole  having  a  general  rich  dark  brown  effect. 
Ground  color  of  hind  wings,  dark  yellow  with  large  eyes. 

Habitat.  — Providence  and  Cranston,  R.  I. 

Eggs.  —  First  all  cream  color.  At  the  expiration  of  two  days  a 
blue  spot  appears  at  the  top  of  the  eggs. 

Larva.  —  First  dark  brown.  Later  some  are  brown  and  some  are 
green,  with  the  usual  io  markings  and  spines. 


132  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Food  plant,  Baptisia  tinctoria. 

Pupa  and  cocoon  same  as  the  usual  forms.  The  first  specimen  of 
this  variety  of  A.  io,  found  by  me  was  a  female  which  I  now  have  in 
my  collection.  The  second  was  also  a  female  which  I  secured  alive 
July  3,  1906,  and  from  which  I  got  about  ninety-five  eggs.  From 
these  eggs  I  received  about  the  same  number  of  larvae  which  I  fed  on 
wild  cherry.  The  larvae  all  lived  until  after  the  second  molt,  when  all 
of  them  died,  apparently  from  some  bacterial  disease  or  on  account  of 
wrong  food  plant.  July  14,  1906,  I  found  a  brood  of  twenty-nine  jo 
larvfe  on  Baptisia  tinctoria,  which  I  fed  on  this  food  plant.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1906,  I  got  from  the  cocoons  under  usual  conditions,  five 
males  and  two  females.  I  am  now  getting,  February,  1907,  some 
specimens  of  this  variety  by  forcing  the  same. 

Type.  — No.  10274  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


A   GENUS  AND  SPECIES  OF  GEOMETRIDiE  NEW 
TO  NORTH  AMERICA. 

By  Richard  F.  Pearsall, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  genus  TricJiopteryx  Hiibn.  has  not  before  been  represented  in 
the  North  American  fauna,  though  several  species  are  found  in  Europe. 
In  a  recent  ''List  of  British  Columbian  Lepidoptera,"  the  Geo- 
metridte  were  arranged  by  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Taylor,  who  places  under 
this  genus  Nyctobia  viridata  Pack.  {Agia  eborata  Hulst.);  but  it 
cannot  rest  in  the  genus  for  reasons  I  have  stated  in  a  paper  on  the 
genus  Nyctobia  Hulst.,  awaiting  publication.  The  type  of  Trichop- 
teryx  is  carpinata  Bork.,  in  the  (^  of  which  vein  8  of  hind  wings  is 
connected  by  a  bar  with  cell,  near  the  cell's  end,  and  in  inridata  it  is 
united  with  it  for  nearly  the  cell's  length.  The  genus  is  thus 
characterized. 

Trichopteryx  Hiibn. 

Type  ca7-piiiala  Bork. 
Fixed.  Variable. 

AnteiincE,  flattened,  slender.  Thorax,  with  low  tuft  posteriorly. 

Palpi,  short.  Abdomen,  not  tufted. 

Front,  protuberant,  smooth.  Venation  of  hind  wings,     $,    six    and 

Tongue,  developed.  seven  widely  separate.    Three  and  four 


Sept.,  igoy]    Pearsall  :    A  Geometrid  New  to  North  America.   133 

Fore  tibiic,  unarmed.  separate,  two  very  short,  one  absent  — 

Hind  iiMic,  end  spurs  only.  an   inflated   fold    on    inner    margin   at 

Hair  pencil  ill  (J  ,  present.  base. 

Hind  wings,  vein  five  present,  vein  eiglit  9  ^^^  veins  present,  six  and  seven  long- 
in  $  runs  parallel  with  cell  and  joined  stemmed,  three  and  four  separate, 
to   it   near   end   by  bar,    then  rapidly  Accessory  cells,  two. 
divergent,    9    anastomosing  with  cell 
nearly  cell's  length. 

Trichopteryx  veritata,  new  species. 

$  .  —  Fore  wings  broad,  extended  at  apex.  Hind  wings  small,  narrowed,  much 
rounded.  Front  of  dark  brown,  mixed  with  white  scales.  Head  and  thorax  above 
dark  brown  and  ashen.  Fore  wings  pale  silver-gray.  The  basal  line  shaded  out- 
wardly with  dusky  runs  straight  across  wing  from  costa,  ending  at  inner  margin 
twice  as  far  from  base,  the  enclosed  space  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  wing.  Intra 
discal  line  is  geminate,  dark  gray,  waved,  and  runs  straight  across  wing  from  costa, 
about  two  fifths  out,  darkest  at  costa  and  on  veins,  preceded  by  a  geminate  pale 
line.  The  extra-discal,  a  broad  shade-line, -darkened  on  veins,  starts  from  a  square 
dark  gray  patch  on  costa,  curves  slightly  outward  at  cell,  otherwise  parallel  to  intra- 
discal,  the  space  between  them  pale.  A  subterminal  dusky  shade-line  starts  from 
costa  half  way  from  extra-discal  to  apex,  preceded  by  a  geminate  pale  line,  and  is 
sharply  defined  inwardly  by  a  black  wavy  hair-line,  parallel  with  extra-discal. 
Outwardly  to  border,  dark  gray,  centrally  traversed  by  an  ill  defined  whitish  hair- 
line. A  black  terminal  line  interrupted  between  the  veins.  Fringes  dusky  white. 
Hind  wings  clear  white,  with  narrow  dusky  marginal  line.  Discal  dots  faint  points 
on  all  wings.  Abdomen  and  legs  dusky  white,  the  former  with  each  segment  nar- 
rowly bordered  with  black  on  posterior  edge.  Beneath  pale  silver-gray,  a  few  dark 
scales  costally  on  fore  wings  and  the  shade-lines  above  showing  faintly.  Discal  dots 
faint. 

The  9  is  darker,  more  brownish,  the  lines  well  defined.  The  hind  wings  are 
decidedly  dusky,  with  a  well  marked  geminate  subterminal  line,  darker  than  ground 
color  of  wing,  preceded  by  a  geminate  pale  line  parallel  with  the  strongly  rounded 
outer  margin,  which  is  darker,  with  the  fringes  long  and  dusky.  Beneath  darker 
than  in  $  with  the  body  browner,  obscuring  the  black  rings  on  abdomen  above. 
No  discal  dots  on  wings  above  or  below.      Expanse,  20  to  22  mm. 

The  O  from  Pasadena,  Calif.  (Mar.  3,  1902)  has  been  in  my 
possession  nearly  two  years,  through  Mr.  Geo.  Franck  of  Brooklyn. 

The  (j^  is  a  recent  acquisition  from  San  Diego  Co.,  Calif.  (Feb. 
15,  1906)  through  my  friend  Mr.  H.  W.  Marsden. 

Types.  —  c^  and  9,  coll.  R.  F.  Pearsall. 


134  Journal  New  York  Entoimological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

NEW  GENERA  AND  SPECIES  OF  AMERICAN 
MICROLEPIDOPTERA. 

By  August  Busck, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Polychrosis  carduana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  reddish,  rusty  brown,  touched  at  the  tip  with  black.  Face,  head 
and  thorax  rusty  brown,  top  of  head  and  middle  of  thorax  sprinkled  with  black. 
Fore  wings  dark  velvety  brown  mixed  with  golden  ochreous  scales  and  with  extensive 
markings  of  dark  metallic  blue  as  follows  :  a  large  basal  patch  more  or  less  streaked 
with  the  ground-color;  an  outwardly  oblique  blue  fascia  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  terminating  in  a  large  nearly  circular  bluish  yellow  spot,  touching  the  dorsal 
edge  ;  another  outwardly  oblique  fascia  from  apical  third  of  costa,  which  is  narrowed 
on  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  below  this  divides  into  two  more  or  less  crooked 
branches,  which  reach  the  dorsal  edge ;  both  of  these  blue  fascise  are  emphasized  on 
the  costal  edge  by  two  pairs  of  short  yellow  streaks,  separated  by  a  longer  black 
streak  ;  three  more  similar  pairs  of  short  yellow  streaks  on  the  costa  beyond  the  second 
fascia  start  narrow  blue  lines  which  run  together  in  a  small  fascia  across  the  tip  of  the 
wing  just  before  apex  ;  three  rather  indistinct,  small,  round,  metallic  blue  dots  on 
lower  part  of  termen  ;  cilia  dark  metallic  blue.  Hind  wings  dark  bronzy  brown  with 
costal  edge  white  and  cilia  bluish.  Abdomen  dark  purplish  brown  ;  anal  tuft  yel- 
lowish. Legs  dark  purplish  brown ;  tarsal  joints  with  yellowish  annulations. 
Pterogostic  and  oral  characters  typical.     Alar  expanse  :   lo. 5-12  mm. 

Food  plant :    Carduiis. 

Habitat.  —  Hyattsville,  Maryland. 

Type.  —  S"  and  9,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10159. 

Described  from  some  thirty  bred  specimens.  The  larvae  are  semi- 
social  and  feed  in  numbers,  more  or  less  exposed  in  a  light  common 
web  in  the  tops  of  thistle  ;  they  are  light  greenish  yellow  with  blackish 
brown  head  and  thoracic  shield  and  with  shining  black  tubercles, 
which  give  them  a  very  pretty  dotted  effect.  On  maturity  they  spin 
a  piece  of  the  leaf  into  a  small  roll  for  a  cocoon  ;  the  moths  appeared 
early  in  August. 

This  is  the  largest  of  the  hitherto  described  American  species  of 
this  genus,  being  especially  more  broad-winged  than  the  others  and  is  ^ 
easily  distinguished  from  all  the  others  by  the  ochreous  round  spot  oni 
the  middle  of  the  dorsal  edge. 

Hendecaneura  (?)  fraternana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  ochreous  fuscous,  sprinkled  with  darker  fuscous,  especially  on  tip 
of  second  joint;  terminal  joint  blackish.  Face  and  head  dark  ochreous  brown,  on 
the  top  of  the  head  mixed  with  white.     Thorax  dark  ochreous  fuscous,  each  scale 


Seyt,i9o7.]         BUSCK  :      NeW    AMERICAN    MiCROLEPIDOPTERA.  135 

slightly  tipped  with  white.  Ground  color  of  fore  wings  whitish  but  so  strong!}'  over- 
laid with  dark  fuscous  and  ochreous  scales  as  to  produce  a  marbled  effect ;  at  basal 
third  is  a  dark  fuscous  broad  irregular  transverse  fascia,  outwardly  angulated  on  the 
middle  and  edged  with  black  scales  ;  the  basal  space  inside  this  fascia  is  strongly 
overlaid  with  dark  fuscous  ;  following  the  fascia  is  a  central  whitish  space  relieved 
by  thin  undulating  transverse  dark  fuscous  lines.  Just  before  tornus  is  a  large  dark 
ochreous  fuscous,  black-edged  dorsal  spot,  rounded  towards  the  base  of  the  wing 
and  with  the  protruding  outer  corner  pointed  towards  apex  ;  above  this  spot  is  a 
nearly  semicircular  spot  of  the  same  color  and  also  black-edged.  The  apical  third  of 
the  wing  is  covered  with  grayish  ochreous  scales,  tipped  with  white,  and  contains  a 
poorly  defined  ocelloid  spot,  consisting  of  two  silvery  white  patches,  the  outer  one  of 
which  is  preceded  by  a  short  black  dash.  Costal  edge  has  the  short  fold  at  base 
dark  fuscous  and  has  five  pairs  of  short  oblique  white  dashes  on  its  outer  half.  Apex 
brown,  cilia  white,  sprinkled  with  fuscous.  Hind  wings  dark  ochreous  fuscous  with 
the  edge  darker  and  with  a  dark  fuscous  line  on  the  base  of  the  whitish  cilia.  Alar 
expanse  :  19-22  mm. 

Habitat. — West  Riverside,  California,  October,  November. 

Type.  —  cJ^,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10317.  Wing-slide,  in  Lord 
Walsingham>s  collection. 

This  ann  the  following  species  are  those  referred  to  by  the  writer 
at  the  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  October, 
1906. 

They  differ  from  Lord  Walsingham's  description  of  the  genus 
only  in  having  veins  6  and  7  of  the  hind  wings  truly  stalked  instead 
of  "nearly  coincident  along  their  base,"  diverging  at  about  one  third 
their  "  length." 

If  I  am  right  in  placing  these  species  in  Hendecaneura  I  should 
e.xpect  that  the  other  species  of  the  genus  will  be  found  to  have  these 
veins  truly  stalked,  and  should  rely  on  this  quite  uncommon  character 
within  the  subfamily  in  the  definition  of  the  genus  rather  than  on  the 
sexual  dimorphism  in  the  venation  of  the  forewing  ;  but  as  I  am  at 
present  only  acquainted  with  the  genus  through  Lord  Walsingham's  de- 
scription and  as  some  deviations  from  this  are  apparent,  the  generic  de 
termination  of  this  and  the  following  should  be  taken  as  tentative  only. 

Hendecaneura  (?)  filiana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  dark  ochreous,  terminal  joint  brown.  Face  and  head  unicolored, 
dull  ochreous  ;  thorax  ochreous.  Fore  wing  light  ochreous  with  an  ill-defined  slightly 
darker  ochreous  basal  patch  covering  the  basal  third  ;  the  acutely  angulated  outer 
edge  of  this  patch  protrudes  into  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Costal  fold  dark  fuscous. 
At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  an  indistinct  darker  ochreous  spot  and  below  it  is  a  similarly 
colored  ill-defined  dorsal  patch  ;  these  and  other  markings  on  the  apical  part  of  the 
wing  are  very  indistinct,  but  produce  the  same  general  pattern  as  in  the  foregoing 


136  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

species.  Apical  third  of  the  wing  is  irregularly  overlaid  with  light  fuscous,  white- 
tipped  scales.  Costal  edge  narrowly  dark  brown  with  very  indistinct  pairs  of  short 
white  dashes  ;  just  below  apex  is  a  larger  white  dash.  Cilia  fuscous.  Hind  wings 
dark  ochreous  fuscous.  Posterior  legs  unmottled  ochreous  ;  anterior  and  middle  legs 
with  tarsi  annulated  with  black.      Alar  expanse  :   26  mm. 

Habitat. — West  Riverside,  California,  October. 
Type. — cJ*  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10318.     Wing-slide,   in    Lord 
Walsingham's  collection.* 

Gelechia  catalinella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  pure  white  with  base  of  second  joint  black  externally.  Tongue 
sparsely  clothed  with  black  scales.  Antenna;  purplish  black.  Face  head  and  thorax 
pure  white  ;  patagire  black.  Fore  wings  unicolored  blackish  brown,  with  a  purplish 
sheen  and  with  striking  pure  white  markings  as  follows  :  entire  dorsal  edge  from  base 
to  tornus  white  ;  an  outwardly  oblique  costal  streak  at  basal  third,  reaching  the 
middle  of  the  wing ;  a  narrow  perpendicular  transverse  fascia  at  apical  third  and  an 
inwardly  oblique  curved  costal  streak  just  before  apex.  Hindwings  dark  blackish 
fuscous,  basal  half  of  costa  light  silvery  gray.  Abdomen  purplish  black.  Legs  dark 
purplish  brown  with  white  spurs  and  broad  white  annulations  on  tibias  and  tarsi. 
Alar  expanse  :  20  mm. 

Habitat.  —  Catalina  Springs,  Arizona  :   August. 

Type.  —  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10319.  Cotype  in  collection  of 
Dr.  Wni.  Barnes,  from  whom  I  received  this  species. 

This  very  striking  species  comes  nearest  Gelechia  paulella  Busck  ; 
•  it  has  however  a  more  blackish  ground  color  and  is  easily  distinguished 
by  the  different  white  wing-ornamentation. 

Glyphidocera  dimorphella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  straw-yellow,  lightly  mottled  with  black  scales.  Antennae  yellowish 
fuscous,  simple  in  both  sexes,  without  the  notch  found  in  the  males  of  some  of  the 
species  of  this  genus.  Head  and  thorax  clear  straw-yellow.  Fore  wings  light  straw- 
yellow,  sparsely  sprinkled  with  dark  brown  atoms,  with  a  blackish  brown  round  dot 
on  the  middle  of  the  cell,  another  similar  dot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  and  a  more  or 
less  complete  series  of  blackish  brown  dots  along  terminal  edge  of  the  wing.  Cilia  1 
whitish.  Hind  wings  light  straw-colored.  Abdomen  yellow.  Legs  light  yellow 
with  darker,  blackish,  spurs  and  tarsi.     Alar  expanse  :    lo-ll  mm. 

Habitat. — Plummers  Island,  Md.  (in  the  Potomac  River  above 
Washington  City).      (Busck.) 

Type. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10320. 

*  Since  the  foregoing  was  written  I  have  received  the  opinion  of  my  friend  Mr. 
J.  Hartley  Durrant,  who  after  examination  of  my  slides  does  not  believe  these  two. 
species  can  be  properly  included  in  Hendecaneura.  1  am  at  present  unwilling  to  ven- 
ture the  erection  of  a  new  genus  in  this  subfamily  even  if  such  eventually  shall  prove  i 
necessary  ;  but  there  will  be  no  difficulty  in  locating  the  species  generically  by  their 
peculiar  venation,  whenever  the  generic  revision  of  the  family  shall  be  published,  as 
now  seems  near  at  hand. 


Sept.,  1907.]         BuscK :    New  American  Microlepidoptera.  137 

This  and  the  two  following  species  differ  somewhat  in  venation 
from  the  definition  of  the  genus  as  given  by  Lord  Walsingham  and  in 
my  Gclechia  revision  (page  916).  But  they  are  undoubtedly  properly 
referable  to  that  genus,  the  scope  of  which  is  thus  somewhat 
widened. 

These  three  species  all  have  veins  7  and  9  in  the  forewings  stalked 
instead  of  separate  as  in  the  hitherto  described  species  of  the  genus 
and  none  of  them  possess  the  notched  antennae  in  the  males  as  is  found 
in  the  type  of  the  genus. 

The  present  species  has  vein  4  out  of  the  stalk  of  veins  2  and  3  in 
the  forewings  as  in  the  genus  Brachmia. 

One  of  the  specimens  of  which  I  made  a  slide  shows  an  abnormality 
which  gave  me  considerable  trouble,  before  it  was  rightly  interpreted 
for  me  by  my  esteemed  friend  Mr.  Edw.  Meyrick.  It  had  apparently 
12  perfect  veins  in  the  forewings  instead  of  the  11  veins  normal  to  this 
genus  (vein  8  being  absent,  coincident  with  7)  and  the  position  of  the 
additional  vein,  which  I  presume  was  the  normally  obsolete  vein,  out 
of  vein  6  and  ending  in  the  terminal  edge  below  apex,  gave  me,  I 
thought,  a  clue  to  another  explanation  of  the  venation  in  this  group, 
which  would  have  excluded  it  from  the  family  Gelechiidae. 

Fortunately  I  sought  the  help  of  Mr.  Meyrick,  sending  him  slides 
and  specimens  and  this  master  mind  at  once  cleared  the  difficulties, 
pointing  out,  that  the  bifurcation  of  vein  6  has  nothing  to  do  with 
vein  7,  but  is  merely  an  abnormal  fission  ;  Mr.  Meyrick  writes  that  he 
has  observed  similar  fission  of  veins  in  quite  a  number  of  instances  in 
other  Lepidoptera,  where  there  was  no  other  possible  explanation,  all 
the  usual  veins  being  present  as  well ;  *  but  he  does  not  know  a  single 
case  of  such  a  structure  having  become  normal  in  a  species,  though 
similar  fission  of  other  structures,  e.  g.,  of  stamens  in  flowers  is  admit- 
tedly often  established  and  normal  as  is  proved  in  such  cases  by  study 
of  embryonic  development. 

I  wish  here  once  more  to  acknowledge  publicly  my  great  indebt- 
ment  to  my  learned  friend,  Mr.  Edw.  Meyrick,  whose  profound 
knowledge  and  most  liberal  assistance  has  again  and  again  helped  me 
over  difficulties,  which  I  could  not  have  managed  alone. 

*Two  such  cases  are  recorded  by  the  writer  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  XXVII, 
pp.  746-747,  1904)  ;  one  being  a  specimen  of  He7nerophila  alpinella  Busck,  which 
had  nine  veins  in  the  right  hindwing,  and  the  other  a  specimen  of  Scardia  fuscofas- 
ciella  Chambers,  with  thirteen  veins  in  the  left  forewing. 


138  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

Glyphidocera  meyrickella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  ochreous,  terminal  joint  slightly  mottled  with  black  on  the  inner 
side.  Antennas  light  ochreous,  annulated  with  black.  Face,  head  and  thorax  ochre- 
ous. Fore  wings  ochreous,  evenly  and  profusely  sprinkled  with  black  scales ;  a  black- 
ish discal  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  cell  and  another  at  the  end  of  the  cell  are  larger 
and  more  diffused  than  in  the  foregoing  species  from  which  the  present  species  also 
differs  by  its  larger  she  and  by  the  lack  of  terminal  black  spots.  Alar  expanse  : 
14-15  mm. 

Habitat. — Plummers  Island,  Md.  (Busck). 

Type. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10321. 

This  species  has  vein  4  of  the  forewing  approximate  to  5,  not 
connate  with  or  out  of  vein  2.  I  had  originally  supposed  it  to  be  the 
female  of  the  preceding  species,  but  the  distinct  venation  alone  proves 
it  a  separate  species,  and  I  possess  both  sexes.  I  take  pleasure  in  per- 
manently associating  Mr.  Edw.  Meyrick's  name  with  this  species, 
the  more  so,  as  he  corrected  my  first  impression  and  called  my  atten- 
tion to  the  distinctness  of  the  species. 

Glyphidocera  aberratella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  ochreous,  strongly  overlaid  with  black  scales.  Antennas  dark  fus- 
cous, simple  in  both  sexes.  Face,  head  and  thorax  dark  ochreous  fuscous.  Fore 
wings  with  the  ochreous  brown  ground-color  heavily  overlaid  with  black  scales 
especially  along  the  edges  and  towards  apex.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  poorly 
defined  blackish  dot  and  on  the  middle  of  the  fold  is  a  similar  dot.  Hind  wings 
bluish  fuscous ;  cilia  yellowish.  Abdomen  blackish  fuscous.  Legs  yellowish, 
strongly  sprinkled  with  black.      Alar  expanse  :    14  mm. 

Habitat.  —  Plummers  Island,  Md. 

Type. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10322. 

The  venation  of  the  fore  wing  of  this  species  differs  from  that  of 
the  type  of  the  genus  in  having  veins  8  and  6  short-stalked,  enclosing 
apex,  but  I  do  not  consider  this  of  generic  importance  in  the  present 
case.  The  peculiar  labial  palpi,  the  very  striking  venation  irrespec- 
tive of  this  variation  and  the  general  habitus  plainly  indicate  the 
generic  position  and  prove  the  aberrations  in  the  venation  as  well  as  \ 
the  secondary  sexual  character  of  the  antennae  found  in  some  of  the 
species  to  be  merely  of  specific  value. 
Epicallima  edithella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  golden  white.     Face  white.     Antennje  bronzy  black.     Top  of  head  I 
and  thorax    dark  bronze.      Fore  wings  dark  bronzy  brown  with  golden  yellow  and 
silvery  white  markings,  as  follows  :  at  basal    fourth  is  a  transverse  perpendicular 
silvery  fascia,  somewhat  dilated  on  dorsal  edge  ;  at  apical  third  is  a  similar  fascia 
which  does  not  quite  reach  costal  edge  and  which  is  interrupted  in  the  middle  by  the  j 


Sept.,1907.]  BuscK  :    Nfav  American  Microlepidoptera.  139 

longitudinal  golden  yellow  marking.  Midway  between  the  two  fasciae  are  three  short 
longitudinal  parallel  silvery  streaks,  one  just  below  the  costal  edge,  the  other  two 
closer  together  on  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Between  and  broken  up  by  these  silvery 
markings  which  all  are  edged  with  dark  scales  is  a  large,  diffused,  longitudinal, 
golden  yellow  spot  reaching  from  base  to  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell,  confined  to  the 
upper  half  of  the  wing,  but  at  no  place  touching  the  costal  edge.  Cilia  dark  brown. 
Hind  wings  dark  bronzy  brown.  Abdomen  bronzy  with  anal  tuft  silvery.  Legs 
silvery,  indistinctly  barred  with  black.      Alar  expanse  :   9-10  mm. 

Habitat. —  Center  Harbor,  New  Hampshire.      (H.  G.  Dyar,  coll.) 

Type. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10323. 

This  pretty  little  species  is  nearest  to  slialleriella  Chambers,  which 
species  also  belongs  in  Epicallima  though  aberrant  in  having  veins 
7  and  8  in  forewings  united  instead  of  merely  stalked  as  is  the  case  in 
the  type  of  the  genus.  Shalleriella  is  a  larger  species  differing 
somewhat  in  wing-ornamentation,  notably  in  the  possession  of  the 
white  costal  spot  before  apex  and  the  black-silvery  ocellate  spots  on 
dorsal  edge. 

The  genus  Epicallima  differs  from  Borkhatisenia  mainly  in  the 
absence  of  pecten  on  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae.  Mr.  Edw. 
Meyrick  has  lately  recorded  two  species  of  this  genus  from  Ceylon. 

Colinita,  new  genus. 

Type.  —  C.  sponsella  Busck. 

Labial  palpi  long,  recurved,  smooth,  pointed.  Tongue  very  long,  stout,  scaled 
at  base,  coiled.  Maxillary  palpi  obsolete.  Antennae  simple,  basal  joint  enlarged, 
with  pecten.  Head  and  thorax  smooth.  Forewings  narrow,  elongate  pointed,  more 
than  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  smooth  scaled.  12  veins:  7  and  8  stalked;  7  to 
termen  ;  3  and  4  short-stalked,  5  approximate  to  or  out  of  base  of  4  ;  3  with  a  strong 
tendency  to  become  obsolete  ;  lb  simple  at  base  ;  \c  strongly  developed.  Hind  wings 
somewhat  narrower  than  the  forewings;  costal  edge  nearly  straight;  termen  slightly 
sinuate  ;  apex  pointed  ;  8  veins ;  2,  3  and  4  distant,  nearly  parallel  ;  4  and  5  short- 
stalked  ;  6  and  7  parallel  ;  8  free. 

Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  rough  hairs  above. 

The  pectinated  basal  joint  of  the  antennae,  the  separate  veins  6 
and  7  in  the  hindwings  and  the  hairy  posterior  tibiae  place  this  genus 
in  the  family  Blastobasidae,  though  the  stalked  veins  4  and  5  and  the 
separate  veins  3  and  4  in  the  hindwings  are  heterogenous  in  this 
family  and  suggest  relationship  with  some  of  the  Yponomeutidc^. 

Colinita  sponsella,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  whitish  gray  with  a  broad  black  annulation  on  the  middle  of  second 
joint  and  another  on  the  middle  of  terminal  joint.  Face,  head  and  thorax  whitish 
gray,  mixed  with  black  scales.     Ground  color  of  fore  wings  dirty  white  sprinkled  with 


140  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

dark  fuscous  brown  scales ;  they  congregate  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  into  an 
imperfect,  curved,  transverse  fascia,  before  which  is  a  nearly  immaculate  white  area 
and  beyond  which  the  dark  scales  form  poorly  defined,  irregular,  longitudinal  lines, 
meeting  at  apex.  Hind  wings  yellow  with  light  yellow  cilia.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous. 
Legs  pepper  and  salt  colored.     Alar  expanse  :  20  mtn. 

Habitat.  — Yuma  Co.,  Arizona.      Desert. 

Type. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10324. 
To  this  genus  belongs  also  Colinita  arizoniella  Kearfott,  described 
as  Holcocera  (Can.  Entom.,  XXXIX,  p.  8,  1907).     This  is  a  smaller 
unicolored  white  species. 
Dyotopasta,  new  genus. 

Type.  — Plutella  yumaella,  Kearfott.* 

Head  with  rough  scales.  Labial  palpi  long,  curved;  second  joint  with  rough 
scales  above,  towards  the  face  and  with  a  few  lateral  bristles  ;  terminal  joint  short, 
blunt,  porrected.  Tongue  and  maxillary  palpi  obsolete.  Antennae  little  more  than 
half  the  wing  length,  simple,  with  the  somewhat  enlarged  basal  joint  thickly  clothed 
with  scales.  Ocelli  large,  in  front  of  the  base  of  the  antennae.  Thorax  smooth.  Fore 
wings  elongate,  three  and  one  half  times  as  long  as  broad  ;  apex  rounded  ;  costal  edge 
nearly  straight ;  dorsal  edge  evenly  rounded  and  slightly  sinuate  at  the  end  of  the 
cell.  12  veins,  all  separate;  7  to  apex;  2  from  shortly  before  the  end  of  the  cell ; 
internal  veins  from  between  10  and  11  to  below  8  and  from  base  to  above  5; 
\b  strongly  furcate  at  base.  Hind  wings  broader  than  fore  wings;  costal  edge 
deflected  at  apical  third ;  termen  strongly  oblique  and  slightly  sinuate.  8  veins ; 
3  from  corner  of  cell ;  4  distant,  parallel  with  3 ;  5  and  6  shortstalked  ;  7  parallel 
to  6  ;   lb  furcate  at  base  ;   \c  present. 

I  have  long  had  this  genus  and  its  type  in  manuscript '  as  has  also 
Lord  Walsingham,  from  whom  I  lately  have  received  a  specimen, 
bearing  an  appropriate  generic  name,  which  I  was  tempted  to  adopt. 
I  should  have  preferred  to  await  Lord  Walsingham 's  publication  of  the 
genus,  but  the  premature  description  of  the  type  under  a  wrong  gen- 
eric name  in  another  family  makes  it  desirable  to  have  its  proper 
generic  position  published  without  further  delay. 

The  genus  looks  superficially  much  like  Xylesthia  Clemens,  to  which 
genus  it  comes  near,  though  differing  in  the  lack  of  maxillary  palpi 
and  in  the  form  of  the  labial  palpi. 

*Can.  Entom.,  XXXIX,  p.  6,  Jan.,  1907. 


Sept..  1907]     Smith  :    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  141 

NOTES  ON    SOME    AMERICAN    NOCTUIDS    IN    THE 
BRITISH   MUSEUM. 

By  John  B.   Smith,  Sc.D., 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

In  Vol.  XII  of  the  Journal  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  pp.  93-104,  1904, 
I  published  a  review  of  Vol.  IV  of  Catalogue  of  PhalgenK,  etc.,  then 
recently  issued.  This  volume,  the  first  of  the  series  on  the  Noctuids, 
by  Sir  George  F.  Hampson,  contained  some  changes  in  the  accepted 
synonymy  as  based  on  previous  studies  and  comparisons.  I  was  not 
quite  ready  to  accept  all  of  these  references  of  species  nor  the  use  of 
genera  in  the  way  Hampson  typified  them.  As  to  the  genera  the 
difference  is  due  to  the  fundamental  rule  accepted  for  the  determina- 
tion of  generic  types  and  agreement  cannot  be  reached  until  a  uniform 
basis  is  agreed  upon  by  zoologists.  As  to  the  species  it  was  matter 
for  further  study  of  the  original  types.  In  September,  1906,  it  was 
my  good  fortune  to  be  able  to  spend  some  time  in  London  ;  for  a  week 
I  went  over  the  Noctuid  collection,  and  Sir  George  was  good  enough 
to  look  over  with  me  all  those  species  about  which 'our  conclusions 
were  at  variance.  Taking  up  the  species  in  the  order  of  my  notes,  the 
following  memoranda  were  made. 

Py7'ocleptria  californica  Hamps.  This  is  Annaphila  aurantiaca 
Hy.  Edw.  That  the  species  was  not  an  Annaphila  I  pointed  out  in  my 
Catalogue  of  1893  and  also  stated  that  it  was  an  Heliothid  for  which  I 
had  no  satisfactory  place.  In  1895  Mr.  Grote  created  his  genus  Incita 
to  receive  it ;  but  evidently  without  specimens  and  without  recogniz- 
able description.  At  any  rate  aurantiaca  is  type  of  Incita  Grt.,  and 
so  the  species  must  be  known,  with  californica  Hamps.,  as  synonym. 
The  type  of  Pyrocleptria  is  cora  Gn.,  and  if  that  species  is  really  con- 
generic with  aurantiaca  the  name  Pyrocleptria  must  sink  as  a  synonym 
of  Incita. 

Heliothis  lupatus  Grt.  This  is  the  Xestia  chloropha  of  Hubner 
without  very  much  doubt,  and  it  disposes  of  another  of  those  miser- 
able species  that  have  remained  so  long  unidentified  in  our  catalogues. 
Hampson  first  suggested  this  synonymy  in  a  letter  and  after  com- 
paring my  only  specimen  with  the  figure,  I  have  no  doubt  that  he  is 
correct.  I  am  not  aware  that  he  has  published  the  reference,  but 
the  credit  for  it  belongs  to  him  at  any  rate.     The  species  is  not  at  all 


142  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      lvoI.  xv. 

commori  in  my  experience  and  has  been  in  our  lists  as  an  Orthosia. 
It  must  in  future  be  Helioihis  chloi'opha  Hbn.,  with  lupatns  Grt.,  as  a 
synonym. 

Lygranthcecia  tiiberculum  Hbn.  =  dorsilutea  Wlk.  There  seems 
to  be  little  doubt  of  the  correctness  of  this  reference  ;  but  I  am  not  at 
all  sure  that  there  are  not  two  closely  allied  species  involved.  Both 
names  are  based  on  eastern  specimens  and  I  have  an  example  from 
Texas  that  belongs  to  the  same  series.  Some  Colorado  examples,  how- 
ever, seem  to  suggest  another  species  and  more  material  is  needed 
before  we  can  be  sure  on  this  point. 

Lygranthcecia  constricta  Hy.  Edw.  The  position  of  this  species 
I  have  discussed  in  this  Journal,  XIV,  24.  It  must,  in  future,  be 
listed  as  an  aberration  of  marginata. 

Porosagroiis  patula  Wlk.  =  septentrionalis  Moeschl.  This  is  as  I 
have  made  it  out;  but  I  made  both  names  to  =  fusca  Bdv.,  and 
that  proves  to  be  an  error.  The  suggestion  that  his  species  was 
identical  v^\\\i  fusca  was  Moeschler's  originally,  in  1870,  and  I  saw  no 
reason  to  doubt  it.  The  reference  of  patula  to  septentrionalis  was 
made  by  me.  Hampson  now  vazk&s  fusca  Bdv.,  the  same  as  Euxoa 
cinerea  Schiff".,  a  species  which  is  not  autoptically  known  to  me. 

Euxoa  incubita  Sm.,  is  ^  septentrionalis  Wlk.,  as  stated  by  Hamp- 
son. As  I  pointed  out  in  1904  the  species  allied  to  messoria  had 
not  been  distinguished  in  1893,  and  when  I  differentiated  them  in 
1900  I  did  not  have  duplicates  of  the  form  actually  described  by 
Walker. 

Euxoa  insulsa'SNlk.:  this  species  I  identified  with  i]\G  ca?fipestris- 
decolor  series  in  1893,  and  cited  along  series  of  synonyms.  Hamp- 
son referred  the  species  to  messoria  in  his  catalogue  and  I  took  the 
liberty  of  doubting  the  reference.  Reexamination  of  the  type  proves 
that  my  original  reference  was  correct  and  that  insulsa  has  nothing  to 
do  with  messoria.  The  specimen  is  obscurely  marked  and  to  one  not 
familiar  with  the  wide  range  of  variation  found  in  this  particular 
species  the  error  was  a  natural  one.  There  is  perhaps  no  more  wide- 
spread, common  and  variable  form  than  this  and  of  the  series  of  35 
which  I  have  in  my  cabinet,  no  two  are  quite  alike.  In  a  series  of 
probably  100  duplicates  I  have  every  type  from  almost  immaculate  to 
brilliantly  contrasting  well  written  examples.  The  black  filling  in  the 
cell  in  this  species  is  a  variable  quantity  and  less  constant  than  in  any 
other  species  of  the  series. 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  143 

Euxoa  expiilsa  Wlk. ,  I  made  out  to  be  the  same  as  insulsa,  and  in 
that  Hampson  agreed  with  me,  referring  both  to  fnessoria.  I  have 
seen  no  reason  to  change  my  opinion  on  their  identity  and  of  course 
this  species  follows  insulsa  in  its  removal  from  the  list  of  viessoria 
synonyms.  All  the  other  names  which  appear  under  messoria  in  the 
British  Museum  catalogue  are  already  properly  referred  in  my  own  work. 
Euxoa  choris  Harv.=  cogiians  Sm.  There  are  two  allied  yet  dis- 
tinct species  in  my  collection,  one  of  which  I  have  under  the  name 
choris  the  other  as  my  cogitans.  In  the  British  Museum  only  one  of 
these  species  is  represented.  My  identification  of  choris  was  from  a 
colored  drawing  of  the  type  made  many  years  ago  for  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley. 
It  will  be  necessary,  before  the  relation  of  these  two  names  can  be 
settled,  to  send  over  examples  of  both  of  the  species  that  I  have,  for 
direct  comparison  with  the  Harvey  type.  At  present  my  material  is 
not  sufficient  to  permit  me  to  do  this ;  but  I  hope  to  do  so  in  the 
near  future. 

Agrotis  insignata  Wlk.  Walker  described  two  species  under  that 
name  on  two  different  pages  of  the  same  volume.  The  first  of  these 
I  referred  as  a  synonym  of  insulsa  and  the  second,  renamed  illata  by 
Walker  in  a  subsequent  volume,  I  referred  to  ochrogaster.  Sir  George 
Hampson  refers  the  first  name  to  Euxoa,y^\\\\.  pleuritica  Grt.,  as  a  syno- 
nym, and  the  second  to  tessellata  Harr.  There  is  no  doubt  that  I 
mixed  the  two  insignala  in  my  original  notes  and  that  the  first  de- 
scribed form  which  I  referred  to  insulsa  is  the  one  that  should  have 
been  referred  to  ochrogaster.  The  type  is  a  very  faded  uniformly 
colored  exanlple  nearly  like  the  cinereoniaculata  of  Morrison  and  has 
nothing  to  do  with  pleuritica.  It  is  a  form  of  ochrogaster  without 
reasonable  doubt.  On  the  other  hand  that  insignata  which  I  referred 
to  insulsa  is  correctly  placed  by  Hampson  with  tessellata  and  to  that 
extent  my  catalogue  must  be  corrected.  The  synonymy  will  stand, 
then,  Agrotis  insignata  Wlk.=  Euxoa  ochrogaster  On.:  Agrotis  illata 
Wlk.=  insignata  Wlk.,  =  E.  tessellata  Harr. 

Euxoa  tristicula  Morr.  =  silens  Grt.  This  reference  appears  in 
my  latest  check  list,  but  the  synonymy  was  developed  in  the  course  of 
a  correspondence  between  Sir  George  Hampson  and  the  Brooklyn  In- 
stitute, and  both  parties  notified  me  of  the  conclusion  reached.  I 
have  since  verified  it,  by  an  examination  of  Mr.  Morrison's  type 
which  is  less  distinctly  marked  than  usual  and  does  not  at  first  suggest 
Mr.  Grote's    species.      No   one  who  compared  Hampson's  Fig.    20, 


I 


144  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

PI.  LXVI  of  silens,  with  Fig.  13,  PI.  LXIX  of  tristicnia  would  ever 
dream  that  they  could  possibly  be  meant  for  one  species.  The  latter 
figure  is  quite  characteristic  ;  the  former  is  not  in  the  least  so. 

Euxoa  decolor,  Morr. ,  with  campestris  Grt. ,  as  a  synonym  stands 
as  a  good  species  in  Hampson's  work.  Both  names  refer  to  one  species 
surely  enough,  but  it  is  the  same  species  that  Walker  previously  named 
insulsa  as  I  have  already  shown,  and  therefore  these  names  must  be 
replaced  where  I  had  them  in  my  catalogue. 

Mamestra  declaraia  Wlk.,  was  referred  by  me  to  insulsa,  and  by 
Hampson  to  tessellata.  A  reexamination  of  the  type  confirms  my 
original  conclusion  and  the  reference  to  insulsa  stands.  Tessellata  and 
insulsa  are  both  variable  species  and  run  to  local  forms.  It  is  quite 
possible  to  mix  up  a  box  of  the  two. species  and  make  them  appear  as 
extreme  variations  of  one  thing  :  yet  when  one  has  handled  hundreds 
of  examples  from  many  localities,  the  two  species  in  all  their  varieties 
show  a  characteristic  appearence  that  enables  their  recognition  at  a 
glance.  It  is  simply  impossible  for  any  student  who  has  not  become 
familiar  with  this  specific  individuality  from  long  experience  to  place 
every  example  as  it  comes  to  him.  And  even  in  my  own  case,  though 
I  have  handled  the  species  now  for  nearly  thirty  years,  I  sometimes 
send  back  single  examples  without  names,  requesting  additional  mater- 
ial before  final  determination. 

Agrotis  perlentans  Wlk.  This  is  referred  to  tessellata  and  appar- 
ently with  justice.  It  is  one  of  those  species  that  Mr.  Butler  could  not 
find  for  me  in  1891.  As  for  the  rest  of  the  names,  they  stand  in 
Hampson's  work  as  they  do  in  my  own. 

Euxoa  verticalis  Grt.  This  was  first  referred  by  me  as  a  variety 
of  insulsa,  and  is  correctly  restored  to  specific  rank  by  Hampson. 
The  range  of  variation  while  it  approaches,  does  not  include  this  form. 

Agrotis  spectajida  Smith.  Hampson  refers  this  as  a  synonym  of 
verticalis;  but  incorrectly  so.  There  is  no  specimen  of  spectanda  in 
the  British  Museum  and  the  author  never  actually  saw  my  species,  the 
reference  being  made  on  the  dixit  of  a  collector  who  has  seen  both 
species  in  the  Neumoegen  collection. 

I  have  reexamined  the  species  of  Chorizagrotis  and  am  confirmed 
in  my  separation  of  the  species.  Hampson  makes  introferens  Grt., 
and  soror  Smith,  as  synonyms  of  auxiliaris  Grt.  Soror  Smith  is  not 
in  the  British  Museum  collection  at  all,  and  is  not  a  common  species 
in  my  experience.     In  auxiliaris  the  female  is  quite  different  from  the 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  145 

male  and  very  like  the  male  introferens  ;  so  unless  the  sexes  are  first 
carefully  separated  out  and  associated,  it  is  quite  easy  to  range  the  two 
species  into  a  continuous  series.  As  between  the  males  I  have  never 
been  for  a  moment  in  doubt  as  to  which  was  auxiliaris  and  which  was 
introferens.  The  female  of  the  latter  species,  by  the  bye,  is  more  like 
the  male  agrestis  than  it  is  like  its  own  mate. 

Rhizagrotis  cloanthoides  Grt.,  appears  in  Hampson's  work  as  a 
synonym  of  albalis  Grt.,  in  the  bibliography  ;  but  is  referred  to  in  the 
description  as,  *' Ab.  i.  cloanthoides  :  whiter."  In  my  original  work 
I  placed  them  in  this  same  way,  before  seeing  the  type  of  albalis  in  the 
British  Museum.  After  that  I  referred  the  two  as  good  varieties  at 
least  in  my  catalogue  and,  yet  later,  in  my  check  list  placed  them  as 
good  species.  The  latter  conclusion  I  still  adhere  to.  The  type  of 
cloanthoides  is  in  the  old  Graef  collection  and  I  have  specimens  com- 
pared with  it.  I  have  also  a  series  of  albalis  which  agree  with  Hamp- 
son's figure  and  description  and  with  Mr.  Grote's  determination  of 
his  species  in  the  U.  S.  N.  M.  The  two  differ  not  only  in  maculation 
but  in  the  armature  of  the  anterior  legs,  albalis  having  a  series  of  long, 
curved,  claw-like  spines  on  the  outer  side  of  the  tarsal  joints  which  are 
absent  or  much  reduced  in  cloanthoides.  There  is  also  a  difference  in 
the  armature  of  the  mid-tibia ;  but  my  material  in  cloanthoides  is  too 
defective  to  make  it  possible  to  determine  details  now. 

Taken  as  a  whole  the  number  of  points  in  which  the  synonymy  in 
the  genus  Euxoa  has  been  changed  from  my  original  determinations  is 
remarkably  small.  Some  of  the  changes  suggested  by  Hampson  are 
correct  and  these  are  all  noted  here.  Others  of  them  are  not  well 
founded,  and  so  far  as  our  differences  related  to  Walker's  species,  I 
believe  Sir  George  has  agreed  that  he  was  in  error.  As  to  those  differ- 
ences where  lack  of  material  in  the  British  Museum  prevented  direct 
or  sufficient  comparisons,  they  can  be  easily  settled  later,  when  material 
becomes  more  abundant,  and  they  affect  no  names  on  the  "  unknown  " 
list. 

Feltia  cvanidalis  Grt.,  is  the  only  species  (except  olivia)  of  the 
genus  not  represented  in  my  collection  and  I  have  been  trying  to  iden- 
tify it  with  west  coast  examples  of  siibgothica  with  contrasting  yellow 
reniform.  Hampson,  however,  places  it  next  to  my  pectinicornis  and 
that  is  correct.  It  really  looks  like  a  faded,  yellowish,  washed-out 
example  of  that  species.  It  is  passing  strange  that  none  of  the  Cali- 
fornian  collectors  have  again  taken  this  species. 


I 


146  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.        [VoI.  xv. 

The  most  aggravating  change  made  in  the  synonymy  by  Hampson 
relates  to  Feltia  subgothica,  tricosa  and  herilis,  and  the  pity  of  it  is  that 
he  is  correct  and  must  be  followed.  In  the  Canadian  Entomologist, 
XXVII,  301,  1895,  Slingerland  apparently  proved  to  demonstration 
from  published  data  that  Haworth's  name  subgothica  could  apply  to  no 
other  form  than  that  afterward  named  ducens  by  Walker.  To  be  sure 
Tutt  in  the  same  journal,  XXVIII,  17,  1896,  tried  to  prove  that 
Haworth  really  figured  only  a  variety  of  a  common  European  species ; 
but  his  argument  was  not  convincing  and  I  believed  that  Slingerland 
was  right  and  followed  him.  Everybody  assumed  that  Haworth's 
type  no  longer  existed  and  therein  we  were  in  error,  for  it  is  now  in 
the  British  Museum  with  a  clear  record  as  to  its  identity  and  it  bears 
out  Hampson' s  references  to  the  full.  What  we  have  been  calling 
subgothica  Haw.,  must  now  be  called  ducens,  Wlk.,  and  were  this  all 
the  change  would  be  easy  ;  but  we  must  now  use  the  name  subgothica 
Haw.,  to  xe'^XdiCe.  jaculifera  Gn.,  which  will  cause  trouble  in  collec- 
tions and  to  collectors.  Fortunately  herilis  Grt.,  remains,  and  the 
possibility  of  change  is  now  exhausted  unless  some  one  attempts  to 
argue  that,  Guenee  having  included  what  Grote  afterward  named  her- 
ilis, as  a  form  of  his  jaculifera,  that  name  must  stand  for  the  distinct 
form  even  if  one  part  of  it  is  really  a  synonym  of  a  previously  described 
name. 

Agrotis  docilis  Grt.  Hampson  refers  to  this  my  iugeniculafa,  and 
I  had  been  previously  advised  to  the  same  effect  and  had  accepted  the 
reference,  as  appears  in  my  check  list  of  1903,  prepared  before  Hamp- 
son's  volume  was  published.  In  my  catalogue  of  1893  I  referred 
docilis  to  occulta,  and  now,  after  a  reexamination  of  the  type,  I  am 
not  at  all  ashamed  of  the  reference.  The  type  of  docilis  is  really  like 
a  gray  occulta.  With  a  greater  knowledge  of  the  latter  species  I  am 
convinced  that  docilis  does  not  come  within  its  range  of  variation  and 
to  that  extent  I  was  wrong.  But  the  type  of  docilis  is  not  my 
ingeniculata  /  There  is  another  species  involved  here,  which  will  be 
referred  to  under  Lycophotia  astricta  Morr. 

I  noted  in  my  previous  paper  that  Agrotis  hospitalis  Grt.,  was 
cited  as  a  synonym  to  Agrotis  brunnea  Schiff.  ;  but  no  American 
localities  are  given  in  the  "  Habitat."  There  are  no  American  speci- 
mens in  the  British  Museum  collection  and  Hampson  informs  me 
that  his  reference  was  not  based  upon  direct  comparisons.  I  have  now 
seen  a  number  of  examples  of  this  species  from  well  separated  locali- 


Sept.igoy.  I     SmITH  :      NOTES    ON    SOME    AMERICAN    NOCTUIDS.  147 

ties  taken  by  different  collectors  ;  so  that  there  is  no  doubt  that  we 
have  a  native,  though  very  rare  species  to  deal  with.  There  is  no 
doubt  either  that  the  resemblance  to  the  European  brunnea  is  well- 
marked  and  very  close  ;  but  I  am  by  no  means  certain  that  we  are 
justified  in  referring  the  name  to  the  synonymy  until  more  careful  and 
thorough  comparisons,  extending  to  an  examination  of  the  c^  genitalia 
shall  have  been  made. 

Agrotis  eriensis  Grt.  Harapson  is  correct  in  referring  this  to 
jucunda  instead  of  phyllophora  where  I  placed  it.  The  specimen  is 
unusually  large,  lacks  all  black  and  has  yellow  costal  mottlings. 

Agrotis  esurialis  Grt.  This  is  a  good  species  as  Hampson  makes 
it,  rather  than  a  race  oi  jucunda  as  I  believed  in  1891.  The  species 
in  this  group  of  what  I  call  Noctua  are  much  more  numerous  and  more 
closely  allied  than  I  believed  fifteen  years  ago,  and  this  Pacific  Coast 
form  is  entitled  to  stand.  I  have  nothing  in  my  collection  that  is 
quite  like  the  type  ;  but  the  species  has  a  Pachnobia-like  appearance 
that  is  characteristic  of  a  series  that  I  have  from  Oregon  and  I  believe 
these  to  come  within  the  range  of  variation. 

Noctua  patefacta  Smith.  This  is  without  much  doubt  Agrotis 
juncta  Grt. ,  although  Hampson  has  kept  them  as  distinct.  I  have  had 
a  figure  oi  juncta  for  some  time,  marked  as  a  faded  patefacta  in  my 
collection,  and  direct  comparison  confirms  my  belief.  My  name 
must  be  cited  in  the  synonymy  in  future. 

Agrotis  subporphyrea  Wlk.  Hampson  places  this  species  with 
piscipellis,  atrifrons  and  cinereicollis,  rather  than  with  the  species  of 
Rhynchagrotis  where  I  was  inclined  to  seek  its  allies.  There  are  two 
female  examples  in  the  collection  and  I  cannot  remember  even  having 
seen  anything  to  match  them  among  American  material.  The  figure 
on  PI.  LXXI  of  the  "  Catalogue  "  is  good  as  to  form  and  color  ;  but 
the  lines  are  much  more  prominent  than  in  the  original. 

The  species  that  we  have  heretofore  known  as  Pachnobia  carnea 
Thunb.,  must  hereafter  be  cited  as  P.  cinerea  Stgr.  At  the  time  of 
my  previous  visit  to  the  Museum  there  was  a  mixture  of  species  under 
the  name  carnea,  and  I  noted  in  my  catalogue  that  I  did  not  autopti- 
cally  know  Thunberg's  species.  I  followed  in  the  identification  Mr. 
Grote,  and  he,  I  believe,  relied  upon  Staudinger,  Speyer,  Moeschler 
and  Zeller.  Hampson  now  places  carnea  Thunb.,  as  a  synonym  of 
brunnea  Schiff. ,  and  raises  what  Staudinger  named  as  an  aberration  to 
specific  rank.  As  it  stands  now  the  American  form  is  not  circumpolar 
and  is  different  from  anything  found  in  the  European  fauna. 


t 


148  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Noctua  rava  H.-Sch.,  stands  in  our  catalogues  and  lists  with  nm- 
brata  Pack. ,  as  a  synonym.  Hampson  puts  both  names  under  Episilia 
quadningula  Zett.  In  the  British  Museum  collection  there  are  five 
examples  :  one  from  Labrador,  four  from  Iceland,  and  the  first  speci- 
men appears  to  rae  to  be  specifically  distinct  from  the  other  four.  I 
have  four  examples  from  Labrador,  compared  with,  and  very  similar 
to  Dr.  Packard's  type,  so  that  I  am  sure  of  that  species.  The  de- 
termination that  umbratus  was  identical  with  rava  was  made  by  me  in 
1890,  partly  from  Herrich-Schaeffer's  figure,  partly  from  specimens 
sent  me  as  rava  by  Moeschler.  I  am  not  in  position  to  verify  my 
original  determination  at  present,  and  am  not  familiar  with  the  true 
quadrangu/a  of  Zetterstedt  ;  but  I  feel  very  sure  that  there  are  two 
species  included  in  the  three  names  qiiadrangula,  rava,  and  umbratus, 
and  I  am  quite  ready  to  believe  that  the  original  error  was  mine,  in 
making  umbratus  Pack,  the  same  as  rava  H.  S.  Until  some  one  is  in 
position  to  settle  the  question  from  knowledge  of  all  three  species,  I 
prefer  to  leave  matters  as  I  have  them  now. 

Lycophotia  radiola  Hampsn.,  replaces  Setagrotis  radiatus  Sm.,  be- 
cause two  years  previous  to  my  description  Schaus  had  described 
Praina  radiata.  According  to  the  basis  adopted  by  Hampson,  Mr. 
Schaus' s  species  and  my  own  are  generically  the  same,  and  the  new 
name  was  a  necessity.  But  I  do  not  believe  that  the  genera  are 
identical.  I  will  admit  that  my  Setagrotis  is  the  same  as  Lycophotia 
Hbn.,  if  anything  is  to  be  gained  by  that  ;  but  Praiua  Schaus  is  cer- 
tainly not,  from  my  point  of  view,  the  same  as  Setagrotis ;  therefore, 
for  the  present  I  will  continue  to  use  the  name  as  I  wrote  it,  admit- 
ting, if  you  please,  that  I  would  not  have  used  the  name  had  I  kaown 
of  its  earlier  occurrence  in  an  allied  genus. 

Lycophotia  prcBfixa  Morr. ,  was  described  from  the  Julius  Meyer 
collection  and  I  have  a  photograph  of  the  type.  After  examining  the 
type  of  Agrotis  gracilis  Grt.,  and  concluding  it  distinct  from  my  /;;- 
geniculata,  it  occurred  to  me  to  compare  it  with  the  Morrison  name 
and  its  description  and  I  believe  that  the  two  refer  to  the  one  species. 
To  me  the  resemblance  of  docilis  to  occulta  seemed  obvious  from  the 
first,  and  a  reexamination,  while  it  showed  that  the  two  were  not  iden- 
tical, as  I  had  at  first  believed,  yet  confirmed  my  opinion  as  to  their 
close  relationship.  The  habitat  of  docilis  and  prcefixa  is  the  same,  and 
while  I  am  not  ready  to  make  the  reference  definitely,  I  believe  that 
eventually  it  will  be  found  that  one  species  only  is  referred  to. 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith  :    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  149 

Peridroma  infecla  Ochs.,  will  probably  have  to  replace  ificiv/s  Gn., 
as  Hampson  writes.  The  British  Museum  series  is  a  long  one,  cov- 
ering a  good  range  of  both  North  and  South  American  localities,  and 
while  the  extremes  look  as  distinct  to  me  as  ever,  the  intermediate 
range  appears  to  fill  in  the  gap  completely. 

Noctua  Inbricans  Gn.  To  this  specimen  Hampson  cites  illapsa 
and  associans  Wlk.,  and  beata  Grote.  Associans  is  a  pure  synonym 
of  lubricans  ;  associans  is  ranked  as  a  Canadian  and  eastern  form,  and 
beata  as  a  Avestern  form.  This  is  right,  in  a  way  :  ////^r/Vd'/w  and  asso- 
cians refer  to  the  same  form  and  so  does  spreta  Smith  I  am  afraid, 
although  my  specimens  are  much  grayer  and  more  uniform  than  the 
types  of  the  older  species.  The  species  that  is  most  commonly  marked 
lubricans  in  our  collections  is  not  this  Floridian  form  at  all ;  but  is  the 
form  to  which  the  name  illapsa  more  specifically  applies.  It  ranges 
in  ground  color  from  gray  to  reddish  and  varies  greatly  in  other  direc- 
tions ;  but  there  is  no  specific  connection  with  the  type  which  I  sepa- 
rated as  spreta  and  to  which,  apparently,  the  name  lubricans  really 
belongs.      Beata  Grt.,  is  also  a  good  species  I  believe. 

Anomogyna  Icetabilis  Zett.,  is  recorded  from  Labrador  by  Hamp- 
son, on  what  authority  I  do  not  know.  The  species  is  not  represented 
in  the  British  Museum  by  American  examples,  and  I  have  not  seen  it 
so  as  to  recognize  it  in  any  of  our  own  collections.  Nevertheless  the 
thing  is  not  impossible,  and  perhaps  the  name  had  better  be  added  to 
our  lists. 

Abagrotis  ornata  Sm. ,  is  placed  with  A.  erratica  in  the  collection 
and  apparently  with  justice.  Dr.  Dyar  collected  this  species  in  large 
numbers  at  Kaslo,  and  it  appears  that  while  my  erratica  happened  to 
be  the  almost  immaculate  form,  the  specimens  I  made  types  of  ornata 
were  sharply  and  clearly  marked,  with  all  the  normal  maculation  well 
written. 

The  first  volume  of  the  series  ends  with  Protagrotis  viralis,  a 
species  which  I  referred  as  identical  with  Luperina  passer  from  my 
previous  examination.  In  the  determination  that  there  is  a  single 
spine  between  the  two  pairs  of  spuragon  the  hind  tibia,  Hampson  is 
undoubtedly  correct,  and  it  is  equally  certain  that  in  my  long  series 
o^ passer  I  have  no  example  that  shows  this  peculiarity.  Hence  viralis 
in  spite  of  its  similarity  to  a  form  of  passer,  must  be  restored  to  rank 
as  a  good  species. 

Volume  V  of  the  Catalogue,  the  second  of  the  Noctuid  series,  was 


150  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

published  in  1905,  and  is  devoted  to  the  "  Hadeninte  "  or  hairy-eyed 
genera.  I  have  already  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  this  term  will 
not  at  once  convey  its  intended  meaning  to  American  students  who 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  associating  the  term  Hadena  with  forms 
having  naked  or  "  lashed  "  eyes. 

The  first  genus  with  American  species  is  BaratJu-a  Hbn.,  with 
brassicm  of  Europe  as  the  type  and  our  two  American  species  as  asso- 
ciates. Hampson,  however,  makes  occidenta  Grt. ,  a  synonym  oi  con- 
figurata  Wlk.,  and  in  this  he  is  correct.  I  have  already  noted  the 
fact  that  the  Mamestra  covfigiwata  Druce,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Het.  i, 
pi.  26,  f.  20,  was  probably  the  same  as  Mr.  Grote's  species;  but  I 
was  not  previously  certain  that  it  was  really  the  same  as  Walker's 
species.  The  name  must  now  stand  as  B.  configurata  Wlk.,  with 
occidenta  Grote  as  synonym, 

Mamestra  chartaria  Grote  and  M.  florida  Sm.,  are  separated  and 
associated  with  two  Asiatic  species  under  the  generic  term  Discestra 
Hampn.,  based  upon  a  frontal  modification  which  I  had  overlooked 
in  our  species.  Chartaria  is  the  type  of  the  genus  which  is  a  good 
one. 

Mamestra  yakima,  disguised  as  yacima  is  the  only  one  of  our 
species  referred  to  Craterestra  Hampson.  The  genus  is  described  as 
having  "  frons  with  truncate,  conical,  corneous  prominence  with 
corneous  plate  below  it  "  ;  etc.  This  frontal  structure  I  am  unable 
to  demonstrate  in  any  of  my  examples.  The  front  is  somewhat 
roughened,  but  there  is  no  prominence  and  no  plate.  The  genus 
seems  to  be  a  good  one,  but  I  doubt  whether  our  species  is  correctly 
placed  in  it. 

Scotogramma  Smith  is  considerably  extended,  enlarged  in  scope, 
and  altogether  changed  from  its  significance.  Trichopolia  ptilodonta 
Grt.,  is  referred  to  it,  with  doubtful  justice  —  at  all  events  it  would 
not  have  occurred  to  me  to  place  it  there.  So  of  Mamestra  trifolii 
which  I  could  not  separate  from  the  typical  genus  in  my  revision  of 
it.  Mamestra  hadeniformis  which  I  placed  next  to  grandis,  is  referred 
to  Scotogramma  with  a  query,  the  species  being  known  only  from  a 
figure.  I  am  not  quite  ready  to  accept  the  correctness  of  the  refer- 
ence without  a  reexamination  of  the  type  which  is  not  now  in  my 
possession. 

Alamestra  impolita  Morr. ,  is  also  made  a  Scotograinma,  and  that 
is  probably  correct.     Mamestra  defessa,  repentina  and  orida  are  all 


Sept.,  1907-]   Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  151 

new  additions,  while  of  my  original  species,  only  stibmarina  remains. 
Scoiogramma  as  I  intended  and  understood  it  in  1889  is  altogether 
lost  and  a  totally  different  conception  of  the  genus  is  presented.  In 
fact  as  it  stands  now  the  genus  is  not  mine  at  all. 

Anuria  Ochs.,  so  far  as  it  refers  to  our  species  also  presents  a 
changed  appearance.  A.  staudmgeri,  var.  moeschleri  Staud.,  is  an 
addition  from  Labrador,  and  is  unfamiliar  to  me.  Anarta  lanuginosa 
Sm.,  from  Alaska  is  referred  as  a  synonym  to  A.  richardsoni  Curt. 

Anarta  schcsfiherri  Zett. ,  drops  out  of  the  genus,  and  so  does 
qnieta  Hbn.  According  to  Hampson  the  two  are  one,  belong  to  the 
genus  Agroiiphila  and  there  are  no  American  records.  Anarta  leu- 
cocycla  Staud.,  which  its  describer  referred  as  a  synonym  oi schoenhej'ri 
is  recognized  as  a  good  species  and  Greenland  is  the  only  locality 
cited.  It  is  a  question,  therefore,  whether  any  of  these  names  are 
properly  in  our  catalogues. 

Anarta  acadiensis  Beth.,  is  definitely  referred  to  A.  myrtilli  Linn., 
as  a  synonym,  and  that  seems  probably  right.  Anarta  phcBa  Hampsn. , 
is  a  new  species  from  Arctic  America,  and  is  a  very  dull,  obscurely 
marked  form  near  impingeiis,  which  remains  as  it  is  in  our  catalogues. 

Anarta  secedens  Wlky,  is  removed  to  Polia,  while  A.  inelaleuca, 
lapponica,  kelloggi,  zetterstedtii  and  funebris  are  not  hairy  eyed  species 
at  all  and  reappear  in  the  next  volume  under  Sympistis. 

The  genus  Lasiestra  Hampson  is  really  Scotogramma  as  I  meant  it 
to  be.  It  contains  just  those  species  that  I  considered  typical  of  my 
genus,  and  is,  in  effect,  the  assemblage  that  I  held  together  under  that 
name  in  ray  revision  of  some  Taeniocampid  genera  in  1889.  My 
designation  of  siibmarina  as  type  of  the  genus  of  course  fixes  it ;  but  I 
am  not  ready  to  consider  all  those  species  classed  with  it  by  Hampson 
as  really  congeneric. 

Scotogramma  luteola  Smith,  is  made  a  synonym  oi S.  phoca  Moesch. , 
diXi^  proifiulsa  Morr. ,  which  I  made  a  synonym  oi  phoca  in  1889  is 
restored  as  a  good  species,  my  infuscata  being  cited  as  a  synonym.  In 
so  far  as  pro??iulsa  is  held  as  a  good  species,  distinct  from  phoca,  I 
agree  :  on  all  other  points  I  dissent  most  strongly.  Hampson' s  figure 
of  pronmlsa  PL  LXXIX,  represents  my  infuscata  fairly  well ;  but  it 
does  not  represent  Morrison's  pronmlsa.  I  know  that  species  well 
from  actual  examination  of  the  type  and  it  is  simply  impossible  to  con- 
fuse the  two.  Both  species  are  before  me  for  direct  comparison.  As 
to  the  identity  of  luteola  \n\X\\  phoca  I  cannot  speak  with  equal  positive- 


152  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      l^oI.  xv. 

ness  because  I  have  no  Labrador  examples  of  phoca  at  hand  now  and 
cannot  compare  the  photograph  that  I  had  of  the  type ;  but  I  am  by 
no  means  agreed  that  the  two  are  even  probably  the  same. 

Lasionycia  Hampson,  differs  from  Lasiestra  in  having  the  tTiorax 
clothed  with  hair  and  hair-like  scales,  while  in  the  latter  genus  the 
clothing  is  entirely  hairy.  This  difference  I  considered  as  authorizing 
only  groups  in  my  genus  Scotogranuna,  and  several  of  my  species  of 
that  genus  find  a  place  here  :  iticoncinna,  conjugata,  siibfusciila  and 
sedilis.  These  are  all  congeneric ;  but  with  them  are  associated 
Maviestra  raiiiierii  and  arietis  and  Xylomiges  ochracea.  The  first  may 
belong  here  ;  I  have  no  specimens  for  comparison,  and  had  only  a  9 
for  description :  the  last  I  would  not  have  thought  of  putting  here, 
though  it  fits  better,  perhaps,  than  in  Xylomiges.  The  change  in  the 
synonymy  of  what  we  have  known  aa  insolens,  is  unexpected.  Mr. 
Grote  himself  said  that  his  arietis  was  the  S'  of  his  insoletis,  and  that 
was  never  before  doubted.  That  Mr.  Morrison's  species  carina  was 
the  same  as  insolens  was  pretty  general  knowledge  before  I  made  the 
reference.  Hampson  now  claims  that  Grote  really  had  two  good 
species  before  him  and  places  arietis  in  Lasionycia  while  insolens  goes 
into  Folia.  He  was  good  enough  to  send  me  a  cJ*  specimen  of  arietis, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  is  different  from  the  single  S'  that  I 
had  under  insolens.  Unfortunately,  material  in  this  species  has  always 
been  very  scarce  with  me,  hence  I  can  say  nothing  of  the  generic  sepa- 
ration.    The  two  species  certainly  look  very  similar. 

And  now  comes  a  list  of  over  200  species  referred  to  Polia  under 
which  16  generic  names  are  cited  as  synonyms.  The  genus  includes 
a  large  proportion  of  the  species  which  stand  as  Mamestra  in  our  lists 
and,  in  general,  the  synonymy  is  as  in  these  lists.  Mamestra  crydina 
Dyar,  is  cited  as  a  synonym  to  AT.  piirpurissata  Grt.,  but  that  is  an 
error.  Dr.  Dyar  described  his  form  as  a  variety  only,  and  as  Hamp- 
son recognizes  no  varieties,  the  citation  was  justified  under  his  rules. 
But  crydina  is  really  a  very  good  species,  abundantly  distinct  from 
purpurissata  in  structural  and  ornamental  characters.  I  had  an  odd 
specimen  separated  out  for  a  long  time  before  Dyar  described,  and  the 
recent  receipt  of  additional,  good  examples,  fully  justifies  the  separa- 
tion. It  may  be  added  that  I  saw  no  examples  of  crydina  in  the  Brit- 
ish Museum  collection,  so  that  Sir  George  had  no  opportunity  to  judge 
of  the  standing  of  the  name. 

Mamestra  fiisciilenta  Smith  is  placed  as  a  synonym  of  crotclii  Grt. 


Sept.,  1907.]   Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  153 

in  the  bibliography,  but  is  marked  as  "  Ab.  i.  fusculenta  :  darker." 
The  term  aberration  seems  here  and  in  general  to  be  used  as  meaning 
a  well-marked  form  or  race,  and  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  a  race 
is  what  we  have  to  deal  with  here. 

Celcena perta  Druce,  is  cited  to  Mamestra  lepidula  Sm.,  and  cor- 
rectly. The  type  of  perta  is  a  small  very  intensely  marked  example 
and  at  first  sight  appears  distinct. 

Polia  canities  Hampsn.,  is  a  new  species  based  on  one  J*  from 
"California."  It  is  a  small,  inconspicuous  form,  creamy  gray  in 
color  without  contrasts,  and  resembles  arietis  Grt.,  in  habitus. 

Scotograiiiiiia  discolor  Sm.,  is  referred  here,  and  I  am  not  sure  that 
this  is  correct.  There  is  a  single  cJ*  from  'Colorado  in  the  collection 
and  I  am  decidedly  doubtful  of  the  correctness  of  the  specific  identi- 
fication. I  could  not  verify  it  and  have  no  material  of  my  own  to 
send  in  for  comparsion,  so  this  form  will  have  to  remain  a  little  doubt- 
ful for  the  present. 

Tceniocampa  Columbia  Sm.,  is  placed  between  Polia  determinata 
and  ineditata,  and  that  is  correct.  My  original  material  was  imperfect 
and  induced  the  erroneous  generic  reference. 

Folia  rubrifusa  Hampson,  is  a  new  species  from  New  Mexico, 
Beulah  i  rj*.  I  have  a  9  from  the  same  locality  that  I  had  placed 
with  determinata,  as  an  unusually  well  marked  specimen.  Its  specific 
separation  is,  however,  warranted  I  think. 

Scotogramnia  iinibrosa  Sm.,  follows  immediately,  and  again  I  dis- 
sent. The  species  is  a  close  ally  of  sedilis  as  I  have  it  in  my  collec- 
tion, and  should  be  associated  with  that  species.  There  are  no  speci- 
mens in  the  British  Museum. 

Ala  me  St r a  negus  sa  Sm.,  is  cited  to  M.  plica  ta  Sm.,  to  which  I  do 
not  agree.  I  have  reexamined  the  two  forms,  both  of  which  are 
represented  in  my  collection,  and  while  the  two  are  undoubtedly  close 
allies,  yet  the  Colorado  form  is  so  much  larger  and  differently  marked 
that  I  do  not  believe  them  the  same. 

Polia  insolens  Grt.,  with  earina  Morr.,  as  a  synonym  comes  in 
here  and  this  species  has  been  already  referred  to. 

Mamestra  canadensis  Sm.,  is  cited  as  a  synonym  of  Folia  nevadoz 
Grt.^  but  I  think  incorrectly  so.  Mr.  Grote's  species  is  a  much  brighter, 
more  contrasting,  broader-winged  form  than  my  own,  while  the  type 
of  maculation  is  undoubtedly  very  similar.  It  is  not  impossible  that 
the  two  may  be  races  only,  and  unfortunately  my  supply  of  what  I 


154  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

consider  the  true  nevadce  is  extremely  limited.     The  form  that  I  have 
as  canadensis  is  less  rare. 

PoUa  glaucopis  Hampson,  is  a  new  species  from  Vancouver  and 
resembles  an  intensified,  brilliant  lubens.  I  have  no  material  from 
that  locality  in  that  species ;  but  I  do  not  doubt  the  distinctness  of 
the  new  form. 

And  now  we  come  again  to  Mamestra  cristifera  Wlk.,  and  M. 
lubens  Grt.  On  the  occasion  of  my  first  visit  to  the  British  Museum 
I  compared  the  types  of  the  two  forms  and  concluded  that  Mr.  Butler 
had  been  correct  in  placing  them  together.  Mr.  Grote  never  admit- 
ted the  correctness  of  this  reference,  and  on  my  second  visit,  in  1900 
I  made  another  comparison  in  the  light  of  greater  experience.  At 
that  time  I  noted  that  "Walker's  type  from  Hudson's  Bay  has  none 
of  the  bright  coloring  of  lubens  ;  is  dull  ashen,  verging  to  blackish  in 
the  dark  spaces  :  is  a  smaller  species  and  nearer  to  Invalida  Sm. ' ' 
Hampson  refers  lubens  to  cristifera,  but  makes  it  "Ab.  i."  and  points 
out  the  differences  noted  by  me,  except  that  he  differentiates  lubens 
from  cristifera  instead  of  the  reverse,  as  I  had  it.  On  this  third  visit 
I  again  compared  the  types  and  other  material  and  am  convinced  now 
of  the  distinctness  of  the  two  forms.  I  have  no  cristifera  in  my  col- 
lection, but  I  do  have  a  very  fair  series  of  lubens  none  of  which  ap- 
proach the  Walker  type. 

Mamestra  larissa  Sm.,  is  cited  as  a  synonym  of  anguina  Grt. 
There  is  only  one  example  of  anguina,  and  that  does  not  seem  out  of 
place  in  the  series  of  ten  larissa.  I  have  reexamined  my  series  of 
both  species  and  feel  very  sure  that  with  more  anguina  at  hand  Sir 
George  will  be  ready  to  admit  the  distinctness  of  my  species. 

The  series  of  specimens  under  the  names  vicina  axid  pens  His,  indi- 
cates that  a  revision  of  these  forms  is  needed,  with  long  suites  from 
various  localities  for  comparison. 

Scotogramma  densa  Sm.,  with  megcBra  Sm.,  as  a  synonym  comes 
into  this  series.  I  must  confess  I  cannot  see  why  this  association  is  as 
good  as  with  submarina  to  which  densa  is  much  more  closely  allied 
than  it  is  to  megcera.  Dr.  Dyar  in  his  catalogue  makes  the  latter  a 
variety  of  densa ;  but  the  two  are  different  in  size,  in  wing  form,  in 
ground  color,  and  in  the  color  of  the  secondaries  in  both  sexes. 
My  material  in  these  species  is  sufficiently  good  to  demonstrate  their 
distinctness. 

Tczniocampa palilis  Harv.,  is  brought  into  this  association  and  with 


Sept ,  1907.]    Smith  :    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  155 

justice.     It  is  much  better  placed  here  than  where  I  had  left  it  in  the 
Tgeniocampid  series. 

Polia  stenotis  Hampson  is  a  new  species  from  California  out  of  the 
Walsingham  material.  Sir  George  was  good  enough  to  send  me  an 
examp'.e  out  of  the  type  series  and  soon  afterward  I  received  a  small 
series  of  examples  from  Stockton,  Utah,  dated  October  2  and  3.  The 
species  is  a  very  distinct  one. 

Polia  stricta  Wlk.,  receives  in  addition  to  cinnabarina  Grt.,  and 
ferrea  Grt.,  my  species  circumcincta  as  a  synonym.  Dr.  Dyar  had 
just  previously  placed  the  same  name  into  the  synonymy  of  oUvacea 
and  as  both  these  authorities  agree  that  stricta  and  olivacea  are  dis- 
tinct, one  of  them  must  be  wrong  in  referring  circumcincta.  Under 
the  circumstances  I  prefer  to  hold  my  species  as  distinct,  first  because 
I  believe  it  to  be  so,  and  second  because  I  do  not  believe  either  of  the 
two  gentlemen  have  the  true  circiuncincta.  The  type  is  in  my  own 
collection  ;  the  species  is  certainly  not  in  the  British  Museum  and  as'' 
I  described  from  a  single  pair  out  of  the  Edwards  collection,  retaining 
the  male  and  returning  the  female,  the  other  type  should  be  in  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  I  would  further  suggest  that 
I  figured  the  male  genitalia  of  all  the  forms  and  while  these  might 
authorize  Hampson's  reference,  they  never  could  by  any  possibility 
authorize  Dyar's. 

Under  Polia  olivacea  Morr.,  all  the  forms  described  by  me  in 
1 90 1  appear  as  synonyms,  and  in  addition  M.  comis  Grt.,  and  Celcena 
hamara  Druce.  As  to  the  latter  I  have  no  opinion,  since  I  did  not 
compare  the  type.  As  to  the  others  I  am  quite  willing  to  let  them 
take  their  chance  of  a  future  existence  ;  some  of  them  are  races  almost 
surely ;  others,  including  comis,  are  very  good  species. 

Polia  secedens  Wlk,,  is  the  species  that  we  have  so  long  had  as 
Anaria  secedens  and  which  was  originally  described  as  a  Plnsia.  The 
yellow  secondaries  and  general  habitus  go  far  toward  justifying  the 
original  reference  and  the  species  is  another  of  those  Hudson's  Bay 
forms  that  are  so  generally  lacking  in  our  American  collections. 

The  genus  Hadena  Schrank,  as  used  by  Hampson,  contains  only 
one  American  species,  procinctus  Grt.,  which  stands  in  our  lists  as 
Dargida  Wlk.  The  Mexican  gratninivora  is  very  similar  in  appear- 
ance, as  noted  in  my  catalogue,  but  abundantly  distinct. 

TJiolera  Hbn.,  replaces  Nenronia  Hbn.,  and  my  americana  remains 
our  sole  representative. 


I 


156  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Epia  Hbn.,  is  used  for  a  small  series  of  species  in  which  there  is 
a  frontal  modification  and  an  armature  on  the  outer  side  of  basal  joints 
of  anterior  tarsi.  Our  species  are  capsularis  Grt.,  minorata  Sm., 
ectrapela  Sm.,  and  circutnvadis  Sm. 

Cardepia  Hampson  is  separated  from  Trichoclea  Grt.,  by  a  small 
modification  of  the  frontal  structure  and  our  Trichoclea  nova  is  one  of 
the  two  species  referred  to  it.  I  should  hardly  have  considered  the 
differences  found  on  comparing  the  descriptions  as  of  generic  value. 

Trichoclea  Grt.,  receives  quite  a  number  of  new  species  including 
Mamesira  u-scripta  Sm.,  artesta  Sm.,  aViA.  fitsciilenta  Sm.  The  addi- 
tion of  the  former  destroys  the  similarity  of  appearance  and  habitus 
which  has  been  rather  a  characteristic  of  this  genus  heretofore  ;  but 
so  far  as  I  have  verified  them  the  references  are  all  warranted  by  the 
structure. 

Chabuata  Wlk.,  with  ampla  Wlk.,  as  type  replaces  Tricholiia  Grt., 
with  signaia  Wlk.,  as  type.  I  do  not  consider  the  union  of  these 
genera  justified  at  all.  Tricholita  Grt.,  has  antennae  pectinated  in 
both  sexes,  Chabiita  {ampla)  has  them  simple  in  both  sexes  the  joints 
in  the  male  being  ciliated  only.  It  is  of  course  a  question  as  to  what 
are  generic  characters  and  in  this  case  I  will  certainly  continue  to  use 
Triciwlita  for  the  species  heretofore  so  listed  in  our  fauna. 

Leucania  velutina  Sm.,  is  the  solitary  representative  of  Chabnata 
typical  series;  but  I  am  not  familiar  enough  with  the  surrounding 
species  to  attempt  to  rescue  it  from  its  strange  environment.  Where 
I  placed  it,  in  Leucania,  it  was  quite  as  much  at  odds  with  its  com- 
panions. 

Hyssia  Gn.,  receives  Ulolonciie  Sm.,  as  a  synonym  ;  but  my  con- 
ception of  Ulolonche  is  utterly  unlike  Hampson' s  conception  of  Hyssia 
Gn.,  for  there  are  some  species  of  Matnestra,  like  senatoria  and  gussata 
placed  here  which  I  would  never  think  of  associating  with  my  Ulo- 
lonche. I  must  confess  that  a  classification  which  separates  into  differ- 
ent genera  such  closely  allied  forms  as  Mamestra  gussata  and  negussa 
does  not  appeal  to  me  with  convincing  force. 

Placed  in  parallel  columns  we  have  the  generic  differences 

Polia.  Hyssia. 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  Proboscis  fully  developed  ; 

palpi  oblifjuely  upturned,  the  sec-  palpi  upturned,  the  second  joint 
ond  joint  fringed  with  long  hair  fringed  with  hair  in  front,  the 
in  front,  the  third  short ;  third  short  with  a  small  tuft  of 

hair  in  front ; 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids. 


157 


frons  smooth  ; 
eyes  large,  rounded  ; 
head  and  thorax  roughly  clothed 
with    scales   mixed  with   some 
hair,  the  pro-  and  metathorax 
with  spreading  crests  ; 
pectus  and  tibiae  clothed  with  long     tibite  fringed  with  long  hair  ; 
hair  ; 


frons  smooth  ; 

eyes  large,  rounded  ; 

head  and  thorax  clothed  chiefly 
with  scales,  the  pro-  and  meta- 
thorax with  crests  ; 


abdomen    with 
crests. 


dorsal    series    of 


Fore  wing  with  veins  3  and  5  from 

near  angle  of  cell ; 
6  from  upper  angle  ; 


abdomen  with  dorsal  crest  on  first 
segment,  some  rough  hair  at 
base  and  lateral  tufts  of  hair. 

Fore  wing  with  veins  3  and  5  from 
near  angle  of  cell  ; 

6  from  upper  angle  ; 


9  from  10  anastomosing  with  8  to     9  from  10  anastomosing  with  8  to 


form  the  areole  ; 

II  from  cell. 

Hind  wing  with  veins  3,  4  from 
angle  of  cell ; 

5  obsolescent  from  just  below  mid- 
dle of  discocellulars  ; 


form  the  areole  ; 
1 1  from  cell. 
Hind  wing  with  veins  3,   4  from 

angle  of  cell ; 
5  obsolescent  from  middle  of  dis- 
cocellulars ; 
6,  7  from  upper  angle  or  shortly     6,  7  from  upper  angle  ; 

stalked  ; 
8  anastomosing  with  the  cell  near     8  anastomosing  with  the  cell  near 
base  only.  base  only. 

Absolutely  the  only  differences  here  given  are  the  slight  points  in 
differences  of  vestiture  and  even  these  are  more  matters  of  words  than 
of  facts.  The  abdominal  tuftings  as  between  gussafa  and  negussa  are 
exactly  identical  at  base  and  laterally  ;  but  there  is  only  one  distinct 
dorsal  crest  in  gussata.  The  thoracic  tuftings  and  the  vestiture  are  so 
nearly  alike  that  I  can  see  no  differences.  In  plica  fa  which  is  cited 
as  a  synonym  of  negussa,  the  second  abdominal  segment  has  a  very 
small  crest,  the  other  segments  have  none. 

Comparing  the  cJ*  genitalia  on  mounted  slides  I  find  an  identity 
of  type  in  the  three  species,  and  only  small  differences  of  detail  be- 
tween them.  Now  identity  of  type,  if  the  type  is  a  simple  or  general- 
ized one  does  not  mean  very  much  ;  but  where  the  type  is  specialized 
and  characteristic,  it  means  a  great  deal,  and  any  classification  that 
separates  such  very  similar  forms  as  gi/ssafa  and   negussa  by  several 


158  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi  xv. 

genera  and  nearly  300  species,  is  at  least  not  ideal.  Personally  I  pre- 
fer to  keep  them  closely  associated  in  one  genus. 

The  genus  Eriopyga  Gn.,  is  another  large  aggregation,  containing 
over  200  species,  and  includes  vi^2^\y  o{  owx-TLeniocauipa,  OrtJiodes, 
PseiidortJiodes  and  Him  ell  a. 

Eriopyga  melanopisY{.zxvc^%x\..,  is  the  species  that  I  had  identified 
z.^  perforata  Grt.,  erroneously  as  it  proves  from  an  examination  of  the 
type. 

E.  orohia  Harv.,  which  I  had  considered  as  a  variety  or  form  of 
oviduca,  is  here  recognized  as  a  good  species,  and  that  may  be  right. 
The  species  in  this  series  are  much  more  closely  allied  than  I  had  be- 
lieved, and  orobia  looks  like  an  obscure  melanopis  without  the  contrast- 
ing stigma. 

Eriopyga planalis  2SvA  agrotiformis  Grt.,  are  closely  allied  and  will 
prove  sexes  of  one  species,  I  think.  Planalis  is  the  male,  agrotifor- 
mis the  female. 

Eriopyga  consopita  Gr.,  is  separated  from  culea  Gn.,  to  which  I 
had  referred  it  as  a  synonym.  It  is  the  reddish  form  in  which  the 
median  lines  are  almost  lost,  and  with  only  two  examples  of  each  at 
hand  and  these  the  extremes,  they  seem  distinct  enough  ;  but  I  have  an 
equally  red  form  from  Long  Island,  and  have  seen  almost  immaculate 
forms  of  the  creamy  type.  I  am  still  of  the  opinion  that  the  two  are. 
specifically  identical. 

Orthodes  nimia  Gn.,  is  referred  to  Eriopyga  cynica  Gn.,  instead 
of  to  vecors  Gn.,  and  that  is  correct. 

Eriopyga  (^Agrotis^  conar  Strck.,  has  Himella  qnadristigmalis  Sm., 
as  a  synonym,  and  that  is  correct :  I  had  previously  made  the  refer- 
ence in  my  check  list.  A  specimen  of  Himella  infidelis  Dyar,  sent  in 
by  the  describer,  is  the  same  species.  Both  contrahens  and  conar  vary 
similarly.  My  species  was  the  well  marked  form  with  almost  uniform 
ground  color  ;  Dr.  Dyar  described  the  other  extreme  with  mottled 
smoky  wings  and  less  contrasting  maculation.  Hampson,  by  the  bye, 
makes  this  reference  in  his  addenda. 

Eriopyga  affurata  Hmpsn.,  is  proposed  for  the  species  that  I  had 
considered  identical  with  the  Q3stern  furfurata,  and  this  error  of  mine 
had  been  previously  recognized  by  Dyar  who  named  the  same  form 
communis :  a  fact  also  noted  by  Hampson  in  the  addenda. 

NepJielodes  Gn.,  contains  only  our  species  ;  but  for  the  common 
form    the    name   emmedonia   Cram.,   replaces  minians  Gn.      This    is 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith  :    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  159 

probably  correct.  The  synonymy  is  changed  in  that  Monosca  subno- 
tata  Wlk. ,  is  added  and  sobria  Wlk.,  is  removed.  Graphiphora  sobria 
Wlk.,  is  really  not  a  hairy-eyed  form  at  all  and  is  the  same  as  Ma/iies- 
tra  inducta  Wlk.,  which  Ihad  referred  to  Carneades  messoria.  Hamp- 
son  has  referred  the  names  to  Copitarsia  turbata  H.-S.,  and  in  this 
T  believe  he  is  right.     That  species  is  Central  and  South  American. 

Trichopolia  Grt. ,  receives  as  an  addition  Lathosea  ursina  Sm., — 
an  addition  which  I  think  would  not  have  been  made  had  Hanppson 
compared  the  other  species,  both  of  which  were  autoptically  unknown 
to  him. 

StretcJiia  Hy.  Edw. ,  is  confined  to  inuricina,  phisiceformis,  vari- 
abilis and  inferior,  with  the  Japanese  saxea  added. 

In  Moi-risonia  Grt.,  there  is  quite  a  change  in  the  synonymy. 
Xylina  multifaria  Wlk.,  appears  under  viucens  as  a  synonym,  instead 
of  under  confusa,  where  I  placed  it.  It  is  a  ?  and  comes  from  the 
same  locality  as  spoliata  Wlk.,  which  is  a  c?  and  which  I  referred  to 
mucens.  A  reexamination  leaves  me  in  such  doubt  that  I  would  prob- 
ably have  made  the  same  determination  again  ;  but  in  view  of  the  facts 
above  stated,  I  accept  Hampson's  conclusions  as  probably  correct. 

M.  sectilis  Gn.,  is  separated  from  evicta-vomerina -^'xXh  ^\i\c}ci  I 
had  associated  it,  and  that  is  correct ;  but  with  it  is  placed  rileyana 
Sm.,  which  I  do  not  believe  right.  Sectilis  is  larger,  redder,  and  the 
secondaries  are  smoky,  while  in  my  species  they  are  nearly  white. 
The  type  has  been  reset  and  would  hardly  be  called  a  poor  specimen 
at  the  present  time. 

Morrisonia  peraciita  Morr. ,  which  has  not  been  known  from  other 
than  the  types  and  has  never  had  a  definite  locality,  is  now  referred 
as  a  synonym  of  Persectania  evingi  Westw.,  from  Australasia,  and 
with  apparent  justice. 

Xylomania  Hampson  is  a  new  genus  for  a  combination  of  species, 
some  of  them  heretofore  referred  to  Stretchia,  some  to  TcEniocampa, 
but  most  of  them  to  Xylomiges. 

Xylomania  alternans  Wlk.,  xq.^\z.q.&?,  Xylomiges  tabulata  Qx\..,zx\^ 
about  this  I  am  doubtful.  The  Grote  type  is  like  what  I  have  always 
had  under  his  name  :  the  Walker  types  are  much  brighter,  redder  ex- 
amples, much  more  xyliniform  in  appearance  and  I  do  not  consider 
a  good  species  excluded.  There  is  no  definite  locality  to  the  Walker 
species. 

Perigrapha  Led.,  is  enlarged  in  scope   to  include  species  with 


160  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

simple  antennae  in  the  female,  and  includes  a  number  of  species  which 
we  have  under  Stretchia,  and  some  that  are  under  Tctniocampa. 
There  is  no  change  in  the  synonymy. 

Mofiima  Hbn.,  contains  those  of  our  Tceniocavipa  that  have  the 
general  appearance  and  wing  form  of  alia.  M.  subterminata  Sm.,  is 
made  a  synonym  of  revicta  Morr. ,  and  that  is  correct. 

Perigonica  remains  as  in  our  lists  and  has  no  foreign  additions. 

Sideridis  Hbn.,  replaces  Crocigrapha  Grt.,  and  Mainesfra  rosea, 
C07iger7nana  and  rubefacta  are  added  to  nonnani.  Here  again  I  must 
dissent  from  the  association.  C.  nonnani  differs  so  much  from  rosea 
in  wing  form  and  in  certain  structural  peculiarities  of  the  (^  that 
except  in  a  purely  artificial  arrangement  they  should  not  be  closely 
associated. 

Mamestra  vindemialis  Gn.,  is  referred  to  Physetica  Meyr.,  and 
Hampson  comments  as  follows  :  "  The  type  has  the  abdomen  of  a  male 
of  some  other  species  stuck  onto  it,  and  will  probably  prove  to  be  from 
New  Zealand."  It  will  be  safe,  I  think,  to  drop  the  name  from  our 
lists  hereafter. 

Ceramica  Gn.,  is  restored  as  a  good  genus  with  picta  Harr.,  as 
sole  species,  and  that  is  perhaps  a  satisfactory  disposition  of  the  matter. 

Cirphis  Wlk.,  is  used  for  Leucania  as  it  stands  in  our  lists.  C. 
eboriosa  Gn.  (not  ebriosa)  and  C.  obusta  Gn.,  which  have  figured  as 
American  insects  for  so  long  a  time  are  now  referred  to  Tasmania,  and 
thus  satisfactorily  disposed  of.  To  Z.  multilinea  Wlk.,  solita  Wlk.,  is 
added  as  a  synonym,  and  apparently  with  justice.  L.  heterodoxa  Sm., 
is  made  a  synonym  of  insueta  Gn.,  although  they  are  quite  unlike  and 
the  genitalic  characters  of  the  c?  are  obviously  different.  Z.  megadia 
Sm.,  is  made  to  equal  dia  Grt.,  and  that  may  prove  to  be  correct. 

Leucania  snbpunctata  Harv.,  is  referred  as  a  synonym  to  C.  lati- 
usciela  H.  Sch.,  in  company  with  half  a  dozen  others  and  this  seems  to 
be  correct.  The  species  extends  through  Central  and  South  America 
and  into  the  West  Indies.  It  is  somewhat  variable  and  has  been  de- 
scribed for  the  different  faunas. 

Mamestra  4-annulata  Morr. ,  finds  a  place  in  this  genus  and  this 
seems  scarcely  justified.  There  is  one  poor  example  in  the  Museum 
which  is  correctly  determined ;  a  second  example  is  much  better ; 
but  seems  to  me  to  represent  quite  a  different  species.  I  believe  the 
association  with  Mamestra  much  better  than  with  Leucania. 

Borolia  Moore,  is  made  to  apply  to  our  smaller,  whiter  species  of 


Sept.,  1907.]    Smith:    Notes  on  Some  American  Noctuids.  161 

Leticania.  Boi'olia  linita  Gn.,  with  scirpicola  and  aiuydaliua  as  syn- 
onyms, is  separated  from  extincta  Gn.,  which  latter  is  made  to  equal 
ligata  Grt.,  and  this  is  correct.  My  original  reference  oi linita  to  ex- 
tincta was  based  on  an  insufficient  knowledge  of  our  species.  Leu- 
cania  texana  Morr. ,  is  referred  as  a  synonym,  or  rather  a  white  aberra- 
tion to  extincta,  and  I  am  willing  to  accept  this  as  correct.  Z.  rimosa 
Grt.,  is  cited  to  B.  flabilis  Grt.,  and  looks  correct.  The  material  in 
this  series  is  decidedly  scanty  and  the  relation  of  the  forms  to  each 
other  is  uncertain.  The  B.  M.  flabilis  is  rubbed  and  not  so  good  as 
the  Tepper  example.  The  species  is  taken  at  Anglesea,  N.  J.,  and  I 
fully  expect  rimosa,  flabilis  diwd  ligata  to  prove  the  same, 

Meliana  Curt.,  is  used  to  apply  to  yet  another  series  oi Leucania 
and  to  include  my  species  of  Neleucania ;  but  here  again  I  do  not 
agree  with  Hampson's  association.  I  know  the  type  oi  Meliana,  i.  e., 
flanwiea,  and  consider  it  generically  distinct  from  the  species  of  Leii- 
cania  here  referred  to  it,  and  even  more  obviously  different  from  the 
species  that  I  call  Neleucania. 

M.  albilinea  Hbn.,  receives  a  long  series  of  synonyms  including 
species  with  white  and  with  black  secondaries.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
on  that  point  that  all  the  separations  made  by  me  in  1902  have  been 
abundantly  confirmed  by  additional  material  and  that  new  points  of 
difference  have  developed.  The  British  Museum  collection  contains 
what  would  ordinarily  be  considered  a  good  series,  ranging  in  locality 
from  Nova. Scotia  to  Argentina;  but  there  are  only  a  few,  sometimes 
one  or  two  examples  from  each  locality,  and  that  is  not  enough  to  de- 
termine the  validity  of  species  in  this  series. 

Leucania  Ochs.,  is  restricted  to  forms  allied  to  pallens,  which  is 
made  the  type  of  the  genus. 

Under  Leucania  pallens  we  find  hiteopallens  Sm.,  and  pertracta 
Morr.  The  latter  may  be  correct,  if  Mr.  Morrison's  species  is,  as  I 
suspect,  based  on  a  European  specimen.  As  to  the  distinctness  of  the 
American  form  I  have  already  written  at  sufficient  length,  and  need 
only  repeat  that  an  abundance  of  additional  material  has  not  suggested 
the  necessity  for  any  change  of  opinion  on  my  part. 

Here  ends  Volume  V  of  the  Catalogue  which  is  the  second  relating 
to  Noctuidse.  It  is  an  enormous  piece  of  work  as  a  whole.  I  have 
recorded  a  good  many  disagreements  ;  but  these  are  based  largely  upon 
a  different  conception  of  the  value  of  characters  for  generic  divisions. 
Sir  George  Hampson  has  placed  lepidopterists  under  an  obligation 


162  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

whose  extent  is  not  easy  to  estimate  save  for  him  who  has  to  deal  with 
the  species,  and  he  has  made  it  possible  to  recognize  the  species 
treated.  I  do  not  expect  to  follow  the  work  in  its  generic  divisions 
or  in  accepting  his  generic  types  ;  but  that  does  not  lessen  the  value 
of  the  work  to  any  one,  while  to  one  who  thinks  as  Hampson  does 
in  the  matter  of  generic  types  and  characters,  the  work  is  simply  indis- 
pensable. 


Class  I,  HEX  APOD  A. 

Order  VI,  TRICHOPTERA. 

Order  XIV,  CORRODENTIA. 

NEW  TRICHOPTERA  AND  PSOCIDiE. 

By  Nathan  Banks, 
Falls  Church,  Va. 

The  following  descriptions  of  six  caddice-flies  and  six  Psocids  are 
the  last  that  I  shall  publish  before  the  appearance  of  my  catalogue  of 
our  Neuropteroid  insects. 

Order  TRICHOPTERA. 

Holocentropus  flavicornis,  new  species. 

Vertex  with  a  large  patch  of  long  white  hair,  and  a  tuft  of  dark  rich  brown  hair 
each  side  ;  antennae  and  palpi  pale  yellow  ;  thorax  white-haired  in  the  middle  and  a 
brown  stripe  each  side  ;  abdomen  brown,  tips  of  segments  above,  pale  ;  appendages 
yellowish  ;  legs  pale  yellow,  the  hind  tibiae  with  many  long  hairs,  the  anterior  tarsi 
somewhat  dusky  on  the  outer  side.  Wings  brown, 
densely  mottled  with  whitish  or  pale  yellowish,  the 
costal  area  before  end  of  subcosta  with  three  large  dark 
spots,  apical  fringe  alternately  brown  and  pale ;  vena- 
tion brown,  with  four  whitish  hyaline  cross-veins ;  the 
arculus,  that  connecting  cubitus  to  median,  that  be- 
tween forks  of  median,  and  that  from  median  to  radial 
sector.  Hind  wings  gray,  with  brown  venation,  and  gray 
fringe.      Expanse  12  mm. 

Several  from  Washington,  D.  C,  High 
Island  and  Plummer's  Island,  Md.;  June  23  to  September.  Fork  i 
is  present  in  the  hind  wings,  as  in  Plectrocnemia  ;  but  its  small  size 
and  general  appearance  is  more  like  Holocentropus. 


Sept  ,  1907. J 


Banks  :    New  Trichoptera  and  Psocid^. 


163 


Neureclipsis  parvula,  new  species. 

Head  brown  in  middle,  posterior  warts  yellow,  as  also  those  of  prothorax  and 
lateral  lobes  of  mesothorax  ;  all  warts  bearing  dense  tufts  of  long  yellow  hair  ;  antennse 
and  palpi  yellow  ;  abdomen  brown,  the  ventral  segments  miargined  with  pale  ;  anal 
appendages  yellow ;  legs  clear,  pale  yellow.  Wings  yellowish,  with  yellow  hair, 
venation  pale,  four  whitish  hyaline  cross-veins  :  the  arculus,  one  connecting  cubitus 
to  median,  that  between  the  forks  of  the  median,  and  one  from  median  to  radial  sec- 
tor ;  hind  wings  yellowish,  dusky  toward  tip.      Expanse  1 1  mm. 

Several  specimens  from  Washington,  D.  C,  High  Island  and 
Plummer's  Island,  Md.;  June  17  to  August  29. 


Fig.  2. 


Fig. 


Orthotrichia  nigritta,  new  species. 

Black,  densely  clothed  with  deep  black  hair,  which  in  some  lights  shows  pur- 
plish reflections  ;  some  brown  hair  on  mesothorax,  and  on  wings  just  before  the  up- 
turned tips,  and  the  fringe,  both  costal  and  apical,  brown  ;  antennae  brown  ;  legs 
brown,  the  tarsal  joints  paler  on  tips.  Male  genitalia  shows  a  broad  leaf-like  plate 
each  side,  and  a  narrow,  very  hairy  piece  each  side  below  it.     Expanse  5.5  mm. 

Three  specimens  from  Austin,  Texas,  March  i. 


Fig.  4. 


Fig.  5. 


Hydroptila  transversa,  new  species. 

Head  with  gray  hair  on  face,  black  between  antenna;,  and  white  on  vertex, 
antennre  yellowish  white,  with  a  dusky  band  near  middle,  and  the  tip  broadly  dark  ; 
white  hair  on  thorax,  with  some  brown  at  base  of  wings ;  abdomen  mostly  clothed 
with  white  hair  ;  legs  pale  yellowish,  with  yellowish  hair,  tibia  and  part  of  tarsus  one 
darker,  other  tarsi  also  darker,  and  a  long  gray  fringe  from  hind  tibia  of  male. 
\Yings  mostly  black-haired,  not  densely  so  ;  a  very  narrow,  and  not  always  distinctly 
complete  transverse  white  line  across  wing  near  middle,  beyond  is  one  pale  spot  in 


164  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Societv.        [Voi.  xv 

middle,  one  on  costa,  and  one  near  tip,  the  extreme  tip  jet  black;  fringe  dark  gray 
to  blackish,  whitish  at  two  spots  on  front  margin,  and  two  spots  behind  ;  hind  wings 
pale,  with  gray  tip,  and  a  gray  fringe,  extremely  long  behind.  Expanse  5.5  to 
5.8  mm. 

Several  from  Washington,  D.  C,  September,  at  light. 

Agraylea  fraterna,  new  species. 

Head  black,  with  some  black  hairs  around  base  of  antennae  and  below,  above 
with  whitish  hair ;  antennae  blackish  with  white  hair.  Thorax  black,  with  whitish 
hair  ;  abdomen  black,  with  a  broad  pale  lateral  stripe  ;  venter  pale  near  tip ;  legs 
pale  yellowish,  the  femora  with  blackish  on  each  side  along  the  middle.  Wings 
black  to  beyond  the  middle,  then  mostly  whitish,  except  around  tip,  where  there  are 
six  deep  black  marginal  spots,  separated  by  smaller  white  spots  ;  in  the  black  basal 
part  there  is  an  elongate  whitish  spot  on  the  anal  margin,  and  several  small  spots 
elsewhere  ;  the  white  part  beyond  middle  is  indistinctly  divided  by  a  dark  stripe  ; 
fringe  mostly  dark  gray,  white  at  white  spots  ;  hind  wings  pale,  with  long  pale  gray 
fringe  behind.  The  ventral  lobe  of  male  is  slender  and  reaches  nearly  to  tip,  much 
like  A.  cognatella.      Expanse  8  mm. 

Several  specimens  from  Falls  Church,  Va. ,  May  i. 

Allotrichia  flavida,  new  species. 

Head  blackish,  with  yellowish  hair ;  antennse  yellowish,  and  with  yellow  hair, 
thorax  brown,  with  yellowish  hair,  two  especially  conspicuous  tufts  from  the  pronotal 
warts  ;  abdomen  yellowish  brown,  dark  at  tip,  clothed  with  whitish  hair;  legs  pale 
yellowish,  with  almost  white  hair.  Wings  yellowish,  some  brown  and  black  hair  on 
basal  third,  and  scattered  elsewhere  in  patches,  especially  noticeable  are  six  brown 
spots  at  the  apex  of  the  veins,  and  a  streak  at  the  end  of  anal  vein,  otherwise  the 
hair  is  pale  yellowish  ;  apical  fringe  grayish,  with  some  darker  at  anal  angle  ;  hind 
wings  pale,  with  long  fringe  almost  snow-white.      Expanse  10  mm. 

Three  females  from  Ft.  Collins,  Colorado,  June  9. 

Order  CORRODENTIA. 
Myopsocus  coloradensis,  new  species. 

Head  black,  an  elongate  pale  spot  on  each  side  of  the  nasus,  and  sometimes  a 
spot  each  side  on  vertex.  Antennae  pale,  tips  of  joints  black  ;  thorax  black,  with  a 
large  pale  spot  on  each  lateral  lobe  ;  abdomen  black ;  coxse  black,  femora  black 
except  pale  tip,  tibia  pale  except  black  tip,  first  tarsal  joint  pale  except  black  tip,  and 
rest  of  tarsus  black.  Wings  mostly  black,  paler  on  base  and  beyond  middle,  leaving 
a  broad,  oblique  black  band  across  middle  of  wing,  several  white  spots  on  margin, 
and  along  veins  are  many  white  dots  ;  the  whole  similar  to  M.  sparsus,  but  blacker. 
It  differs  at  once  from  M.  sparsus  by  the  shorter  antennae,  the  third  joint  (first  long 
joint)  being  plainly  shorter  than  the  width  of  the  head  from  eye  to  eye,  while  in  J\I. 
sparsus  the  third  joint  is  fully  as  long  as  width  of  head.  Venation  similar  to  J\J. 
sparsus,  but  the  pterostigma  is  scarcely  as  wide,  and  the  discal  cell  is  usually  faintly 
pedicellate.     Length  4. 5  to  5  mm. 

Several  specimens  from  Ft.  Collins  and  Boulder,  Colo.  The  latter 
taken  by  Professor  Cockerell  under  stones  on  Flagstaff  Hill. 


Sept.,  1907.]         Banks:    New  Trichoptera  and  Psocid.e.  165 

Psocus  oppositus,  new  species. 

Head  pale,  a  black  mark  across  base  of  nasus,  and  one  over  the  ocelli  ;  antennae 
rather  long,  pilose,  third  joint  as  long  as  width  of  head  ;  eyes  not  very  large,  but 
prominent,  not  as  high  as  vertex,  which  is  straight  across  on  top  ;  mesothorax  with 
the  usual  pale  Y-mark,  leaving  three  large  black  spots ;  abdomen  brown  ;  legs  pale 
yellowish.  Wings  hyaline,  a  brown  mark  at  end  of  anal  vein,  and  from  thence  a 
faint  brownish  cloud  obliquely  across  the  wing ;  pterostigma  long,  and  rounded 
behind,  mostly  covered  with  a  large  brown  spot,  and  opposite  to  it  on  the  first  pos- 
terior vein  is  a  transverse  brown  spot  of  about  equal  size  ;  base  of  pterostigma  white, 
and  before  this  a  black  dot ;  venation  mostly  brown,  but  the  vein  closing  cell,  and 
the  fork  of  radial  sector  are  white  ;  cell  not  pedicellate,  about  one  fourth  narrower 
below,  its  upper  and  outer  sides  subequal ;  second  posterior  cell  very  narrow  above. 
Length  4  mm. 

Falls  Church,  Va.,  September.  Readily  known  by  position  of 
spots  on  wings. 

Psocus  medialis,  new  species. 

Head  pale,  nasus  hairy,  a  dark  mark  across  its  base,  near  base  of  antennas,  a 
prominent  black  spot  over  ocelli  and  extending  up  over  middle  of  the  vertex  ;  antennae 
pale,  paler  on  base,  with  many  long  hairs,  third  joint  less  than  width  of  head  ;  eyes 
large  and  as  high  as  vertex,  which  is  straight  across.  Thorax  shining  black,  with  the 
usual  pale  Y-mark  ;  abdomen  (dry)  black  ;  legs  pale,  knees  and  tarsi  blackish.  Wings 
hyaline,  a  black  dot  at  end  of  anal  vein,  also  at  base  of  pterostigma,  latter  barely 
darker  than  rest  of  wing,  elongate,  and  rounded  behind  ;  venation  brownish,  vein  clos- 
ing cell  and  fork  of  radial  sector  white  ;  cell  about  one  half  narrower  below,  outer 
side  plainly  longer  than  upper  ;  in  one  specimen  the  cell  is  plainly  pedicellate  from 
radial  sector.      Length  3  mm. 

From  Appalachicola,  Florida,  on  oak  bark. 

Psocus  infumatus,  new  species. 

Head  pale,  nasus  lineated  with  brown  in  the  middle,  and  a  few  brown  dots  on  the 
vertex  ;  antennae  brownish,  paler  on  the  base,  with  very  few  short  hairs,  third  joint  as 
long  as  width  of  vertex ;  eyes  very  prominent,  but  hardly  as  high  as  vertex,  latter 
straight  across  on  top.  Thorax  brown,  with  the  usual  pale  Y-mark,  and  a  wedge- 
like pale  mark  on  each  lateral  lobe  ;  abdomen  (dry)  brown.  Coxse  brown  on  base, 
rest  paler,  femora  brownish  above,  pale  below,  tibire  pale,  tipped  with  brown,  and 
tarsi  mostly  brown.  Wings  fumose ;  a  brown  cloud  from  tip  of  anal  vein  up  to  the 
median,  a  black  dot  at  base  of  the  pterostigma,  beyond  pale,  the  apical  half  brown ; 
veins  dark  brown,  that  closing  the  cell,  lower  third  of  outer  side  of  cell,  and  the  fork 
of  radial  sector  hyaline  white ;  pterostigma  angulate  behind,  rather  long,  and  outer 
side  strongly  oblique ;  cell  not  pedicellate,  almost  one  half  narrower  below,  puter 
side  plainly  longer  than  upper  ;  first  posterior  cell  shorter  on  median  vein  than  either 
the  second  or  third.      Length  4.8  mm. 

One  specimen  from  Falls  Church,  Va. 

Psocus  moderatus,  new  species. 

Head  pale,  black  around  the  ocelli ;  antennae  brown,  long,  very  hairy,  third 
joint  much  longer  than  width  of  head  ;  eyes  of  moderate  size,  almost  as  high  as  ver- 


166  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

tex,  latter  straight  across  on  top.  Thorax  dull  brown,  no  distinct  pale  marks;  abdo- 
men brown  ;  legs  pale,  tips  of  tibice  and  the  tarsi  darker.  Wings  brownish  fumose  ; 
the  pterostigma  rather  darker,  a  black  dot  at  its  base,  and  one  at  end  of  the  anal 
vein  ;  venation  blackish,  the  vein  closing  the  cell,  the  one  connecting  to  hind  mar- 
gin, the  lower  one  fourth  of  the  outer  side  of  cell  and  the  fork  of  the  radial  sector 
hyaline  white.  Pterostigma  elongate,  rounded  behind  ;  discal  cell  long,  with  a  long 
pedicel  from  radial  sector,  almost  as  long  as  lower  side  of  cell,  which  is  barely  one 
half  as  long  as  the  upper  side  ;  outer  side  one  third  longer  than  upper  side.  Length 
6  mm. 

Mt.  Katahdin,  Maine. 

Elipsocus  occidentalis,  new  species. 

Head  blackish  ;  antennae  pale  brownish  ;  thorax  black  ;  abdomen  (dry)  black  ; 
legs  yellowish  brown.  Wings  hyaline,  a  dark  cloud  in  middle,  a  spot  on  pterostigma, 
and  the  upper  edge  of  the  first  posteri-or  cell  margined  with  brown.  Sometimes  some 
or  all  of  these  markings  lacking  (perhaps  freshly  transformed  specimens).  Antennae 
rather  heavy,  third  joint  about  as  long  as  width  of  the  head,  eyes  rather  prominent, 
as  high  as  vertex,  which  is  straight  across.  Venation  as  usual,  pterostigma  long  and 
slender ;  first  posterior  cell  high,  but  not  very  near  to  median  vein  ;  radial  sector  and 
median  vein  united  only  a  short  distance  before  the  fork,  which  is  sudden,  and  very 
wide  at  base.     Length  2.5  mm. 

Several  from  Victoria,  Vancouver  Island  (Bergroth. ) 


Class  I,  Hexapoda. 

Order  XI,  ORTHOPTERA. 

ON    SOME   FORFICULIDiE    OF  THE    UNITED 
STATES   AND    WEST   INDIES. 

By  a.    N.   Caudell, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Pyragra  buscki,  new  species. 

One  male,  Baracoa,  Cuba,  October  14,  1901  (Busck). 

Description.  —  Male.  Entire  insect  considerably  flattened,  microscopically 
pubescent  and  uniformly  reddish  brown  except  the  base  of  the  wings  where  the  color 
is  mueh  lighter.  Antennae  of  at  least  29  segments,  the  first  and  third  elongate  and 
equal,  the  second  short ;  beyond  the  third  segment  the  joints  are  short,  growing  longer 
and  smaller  towards  the  apex  of  the  antenna.  Pronotum  nearly  square,  narrowing 
very  abruptly  anteriorly,  posteriorly  broadly  rounded.  Elytra  almost  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  not  quite  as  long  again  as  the  pronotum,  laterally  extending  well  down  the 
sides  of  the  thorax  as  in  the  type  species ;  posteriorly  the  elytra  are  truncate.  Wings 
extending  beyond  the  elytra  a  distance  equal  to  scarcely  one  third  the  length  of  the 


Sept.,  1907.]         CaUDELL  :     FORFICULID.^    OF    UNITED    STATES.  167 

elytra.  Legs  short  and  stout,  the  tarsi  with  the  second  joint  small  and  simple,  the 
third  furnished  with  small  but  distinct  pads  between  the  claws.  Abdomen  without 
lateral  tubercles  ;  pygidium  inconspicuous,  triangular.  Forceps  slightly  separated 
basally,  short,  stout,  almost  semicircularly  rounded  and  serrate  inwardly  in  the  basal 
half.     Length,  pronotum,  2  mm.;  elytra,  3.5  mm.;  forceps,  2.5  mm. 

Type.  —  Cat.  no.  10288,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

This  species  is,  in  some  respects,  an  aberrant  member  of  the  genus 
but  goes  here  by  most  of  the  generic  tables  studied.  The  pubescence 
of  the  body  is  fine  and  short,  scarcely  visible  with  a  common  lens. 
On  the  tarsi  however  the  hairs  are  more  easily  seen. 

To  this  species  I  refer  also  an  immature  specimen  bearing  the  same 
data  as  the  type.     The  pads  between  the  claws  are  not  visible  in  this 
immature  specimen. 
Psalis  americana  Palisot. 

Three  females,  San  Francisco  Mountains,  Santo  Domingo,  Sep- 
tember, 1905. 

These  specimens  were  taken  by  Mr.  Busck  from  a  hole  over  fifty 
feet  above  the  ground  in  the  side  of  a  palm.  The  hole  was  apparently 
made  by  wood-rats  and  several  of  these  rodents  were  taken  in  it. 
Besides  rats  the  hole  contained  a  large  number  of  bats  and  in  the  dung 
and  other  trash  at  the  bottom  of  the  cavity  were  found  a  number  of 
insects,  among  which  were  the  present  specimens. 
Psalis  pulchra  Rehn. 

One  male,  Trinidad,  June,  1905  (Busck). 

The  recently  described  Labia  pictipennis  of  Bruner*  is  a  synonym 
of  this  species. 
Psalis  nigra,  new  species. 

One  female,  Trinidad,  July  4,  1905  (Busck). 

Description.  — Of  small  size.  Antenna;  seventeen  jointed,  the  13  and  14  or  the 
12,  13  and  14  joints  yellowish,  the  rest  dark  brown.  Pronotum  quadrate,  no  broader 
than  the  head,  posteriorly  well  rounded.  Elytra  black,  about  two  times  as  long  as 
broad.  Wings  projecting  beyond  the  elytra  a  distance  equal  to  about  one  half  the 
length  of  the  latter  and  brown  with  the  central  portion  tinged  with  yellowish.  For- 
ceps stout,  triangular,  unarmed,  apically  bent  moderately  inwards.  Color  uniformly 
black  above  on  head,  thorax  and  abdomen.  The  legs  are  light  brown,  faintly  marked 
longitudinally  on  the  femora  with  darker  brown.  The  under  side  of  the  body  is 
lighter,  the  ventral  surface  of  the  thorax  being  light  yellowish  ;  mouth  parts  light 
brown.     Length  12.5  mm.;  forceps,  2. 

Type.  — Cat.  no.  10290,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
*Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  XIV,  138,  1906. 


168  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Except  for  the  presence  of  elytra  and  wings  and  the  posteriorly- 
more  rounded  pronotum,  this  insect  bears  a  most  striking  resemblance 
to  the  specimens  herein  considered  as  Anisolabis  antoui. 

Anisolabis  annulipes  Serv. 

The  National  Museum  contains  specimens  of  this  species  from  Cal- 
ifornia, Arizona,  Texas,  Florida,  North  Carolina  and  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. Also  one  immature  specimen  from  Baracoa,  Cuba,  Sep- 
tember, 1 90 1  (Busck).  J 

Anisolabis  maritima  Bon. 

One  immature  specimen  from  Nassau,  in  the  Bahamas,  is  in  the 
National  collection,  taken  December  25,  1898,  by  Mr.  Busck. 

Anisolabis  antoni  Dohrn. 

Three  females,  Trinidad,  July,  1905  (Busck). 

Anisolabis  janeirensis  Dohrn. 

One  male,  Fajardo,  Porto  Rico,  February,  1899,  and  one  female, 
Utuado,  Porto  Rico,  January,  1899,  both  taken  by  Mr.  Busck. 

Anisolabis  minuta,  new  species. 

One  male,  one  female,  Arroyo,  Porto  Rico,  (types),  and  three 
females,  Mayaguez,  Porto  Rico,  January,  1899  (Busck). 

Discription.  —  Superficially  resembling  the  immature  forms  of  A.  annulipes  with 
which  it  is  liable  to  be  confused.  Readily  distinguished  from  other  forms  of  the 
genus  by  the  small  size  and  by  the  presence  of  small,  elongate  and  widely  separated 
elytra  which  are  almost  or  quite  immovably  attached  to  the  thorax.  Wings  absent. 
Legs  marked  with  brown  on  the  femora  and  the  antennas  are  brown  with  the  basal 
segments  and  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth,  or  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  ones  yel- 
lowish. The  forceps  are  short,  heavy  and  unarmed,  those  of  the  male  strongly  bent 
inwards  apically,  those  of  the  female  less  so. 

Length,  male  and  female,  10-12  mm.;  forceps,  male  and  female, 
1.75-2  mm. 

Type.  — Cat.  no.  10289,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  type  specimens,  the  pair  from  Arroyo,  were  taken  in  Febru- 
ary, 1899. 

Labia  burgessi  Scudd.  " 

The  National  Museum  contains  one  female.  North  Carolina  (Fisk); 
one  male,  Florida,  no  definite  locality ;  two  females,  Palatka  and 
Enterprise,  Florida  ;  one  male,  Willis,  Texas. 

Labia  pulchella  Serv. 

One  male,  San  Francisco  Mountains,  St.  Domingo,  September, 
1905  (Busck). 


Sept.,  1907.]  CaUDELL  :      FORFICULID.E    OF    UNITED    STATES.  169 

Labia  trinitatis  Bruner. 

One  male,  Trinidad,  June,  1905  (Busck)  ]  one  adult  female  and 
one  immature  female,  Dominica,  August,  1905  (Busck). 

The  specimens  from  Dominica  may  not  belong  here.  The  nymph 
has  the  pronotum  red,  as  mentioned  as  being  sometimes  the  case  with 
L.  arciiata  by  Bormans.  * 

Labia  gravidula  Gerst. 

One  female,  Botanical  Gardens,  Jamaica,  November  13,  1902  ; 
one  male,  one  female,  one  immature  female,  Aguadilla,  Porto  Rico, 
January,  1899  (Busck). 

This  species  I  place  in  the  genus  Labia  rather  than  in  the  genus 
Sphingolabis  as  the  characters  seem  to  more  logically  place  it  in  the 
former  named  genus. 

Labia  sp. 

Three  females, Baracoa,  Cuba,  August  and  September,  190 1  (Busck). 

These  seem  nearer  i/iiuor  than  any  other  species  of  the  genus  that 
I  have  seen  but  these  specimens  are  even  smaller  than  usual  in  that 
small  species  and  the  color  appears  darker. 

Labia  brunnea  Scudder. 

I  c^,  Trinidad,  on  sweet  potato  ;  three  females,  St.  Domingo, 
September,  1905  (Busck). 

Chelisoches  morio  Fabr. 

This  species  is  eligible  to  entry  in  the  United  States  fauna,  having 
been  taken  in  some  numbers  at  Menlo  Park,  California,  by  Mr.  F. 
Harmung.      It  is  not  at  all  rare  in  some  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Sphingolabis  luteipennis  Serv. 

Seven  males,  four  females,  Olivier,  Louisiana,     These  were  taken 
by  Mr.  Titus. 

Sphingolabis  linearis  Esch. 

Four  males,  ten  females,  Cayamas,  Cuba,  May  and  June  (Schwarz). 

Sphingolabis  calif ornica  Dohrn. 

Two  males,  Ca}'amas,  Cuba,  June  (Schwarz). 

I  am  quite  convinced  that  this  is  but  a  variety  of  linearis. 

Sphingolabis  albipes  Fabr. 

Two  males,  two  females,  San  Francisco  Mountains,  St.  Domingo, 
September,  1905  (Busck). 

*Biol.  Cent.-Amer.,  Orth.,  i,  p.  6  (1893). 


170  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Sphingolabis  schwarzi  Rehn. 

One  male,  Cayamas,  Cuba,  May  25  (Schwarz). 

This  species  was  described  from  a  single  female  specimen  collected 
in  the  same  locality  by  the  same  collector.  It  was  placed  in  the 
genus  Forficula  by  the  describer  but  the  male  shows  it  to  be  a  member 
of  the  genus  Sphingolabis. 

In  general  appearance  of  form  and  color  the  male  is  very  like  the 
female  but  the  forceps  are  more  elongate  and  are  armed  on  the  inner 
side  with  four  teeth,  the  basal  and  apical  ones  the  shortest,  and  basally 
there  are  a  few  sharp  tubercles  on  the  inner  and  dorsal  surfaces.  The 
pygidium  terminates  in  a  blunt  cylindrical  spine  about  three  times  as 
long  as  the  middle  width.  The  antennae  are  twelve  jointed.  The 
measurements  are  as  follows  :  Length,  elytra,  4  mm.;  wing,  2;  for- 
ceps, 14. 

Sphingolabis  buscki  Rehn. 

Four  full  grown  nymphs,  all  females,  taken  in  the  San  Francisco 
Mountains,  St.  Domingo,  by  Mr.  Busck  in  September,  1905.  The 
antennae  of  these  specimens  are  unicolorous  and  the  legs  are  a  little 
lighter  in  color  than  in  the  type  specimens  but  otherwise  they  agree 
very  well  with  the  types. 

This  species  does  not  seem  to  fit  very  well  into  the  genus  Sphin- 
golabis, being  in  general  appearance  very  unlike  the  other  members 
of  the  genus.  At  a  casual  glance  it  resembles  very  much  a  large 
Anisolabis.  It  seems  to  be  the  insect  referred  to  by  Scudder^  as 
Psalis  gagatina.  > 

Forficula  auricularia  Linn. 

The  specimens  of  this  species  recorded  from  Indiana,  first  by 
Rehn  and  later  by  Blatchley,  are  not  from  the  United  States  at  all 
but  were  taken  by  Professor  Webster  in  Tasmania  where  he  found  them 
injuring  fruit.    This  information  is  taken  from  Webster's  original  notes. 

Forficula  auricularia  var.  forcipata  Steph. 

Specimens  of  this  insect  were  bred  from  imported  nests  of  the 
brown-tail  moth  at  Medford,  Massachusetts, 

*Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  &  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  ii,  250,  1876. 


J'  O  XJ  R  N  JL  Xv 


OF    THE 


txo  "^oxU  ^utaiixological  ^atijety* 


Edited  by  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 


Publishes  articles  relating  to  any  class  of  the  subkingdom  Arthropoda,  subject 
to  the  acceptance  of  the  Publication  Committee.  Original  communications  in  this 
field  are  solicited. 

Editorial. 

The  genus,  as  primarily  and  logically  defined,  is  a  conception  of  its 
author,  possessing  a  certain  set  of  characters,  arbitrarily  selected. 
Any  species  possessing  all  of  these  characters,  no  matter  what  others, 
belongs  to  the  genus,  and  any  species  not  possessing  all  of  these  char- 
acters does  not  belong  to  it.  This  is  the  original  idea  of  a  genus. 
If,  therefore,  an  author  defines  a  series  of  genera  to  his  own  satisfac- 
tion, and  a  second  author  divides  the  same  set  of  species  on  other 
characters,  or  on  the  same  ones  differently  combined,  none  of  the 
genera  used  by  the  second  author  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  first. 
Unfortunately  for  the  plan,  a  genus  carries  a  name  and  in  the  case 
just  supposed  none  of  the  generic  names  proposed  by  the  first  author 
could  properly  be  used  by  the  second  author,  but  he  must  propose  an 
entirely  new  set.  Now  successive  authors  seldom  have  the  same  gen- 
eric conceptions,  while  fixity  of  names  is  a  prime  requisite.  To  bring 
it  about  as  far  as  possible,  the  rule  of  priority  has  been  invented  and 
it  has  been  decided  that  no  names  can  be  dropped,  but  every  name 
validly  proposed  must  be  forever  carried,  either  as  a  valid  genus  or  a 
synonym  of  some  other.  Each  generic  name  must  depend  upon  a 
typical  species  and  any  group  thereafter  formed  that  contains  this 
typical  species  must  carry  that  generic  name.  Thus  only  can  old 
names  be  saved  and  applied  to  new  generic  groupings. 

The  logical  result  is  to  completely  transform  the  original  idea  of  a 
genus.  It  is  no  longer  a  conception  of  its  author,  but  is  dependent 
upon  the  characters  actually  possessed  by  its  type  species.      From  a 

171 


172  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Societv,       [Voi.  xv. 

nomenclatorial  view,  it  is  immaterial  whether  an  author  describes  his 
genus  or  not,  or  whether  he  describes  it  wrongly,  so  long  as  the  type 
species  is  ascertained.  This  once  ascertained,  the  genus  is  fixed, 
although  the  characters  of  the  type  species  may  even  contradict  those 
given  by  the  author.  What  he  states  can  have  no  weight  except  as  to 
the  mention  of  the  type.  It  follows  that  any  genus  originally  contain- 
ing no  species  mentioned  by  name,  or  only  undescribed  ones,  is 
invalid  and  to  be  ignored,  no  matter  how  fully  described.  It  is  a 
nomen  nudum  and  that  name  can  be  subsef}uently  employed  in  any 
sense.  It  also  follows  that  the  question  of  misidentification  does  not 
arise,  the  species  mentioned  by  the  author  as  his  type,  or  the  one  de- 
termined by  rule  to  be  his  type,  is  thereby  the  type,  even  though  (if 
the  type  be  an  old  species)  he  may  obviously  describe  another. 

The  idea  of  Professor  Williston,  quoted  in  our  last  editorial,  who 
says  :  "I  consider  a  genus  as  something  more  than  a  specimen,"  is 
seen  to  be  distinctly  archaic  and  impracticable,  while  the  complaint  of 
Professor  John  B.  Smith,  recently  published  in  Science  that  his  generic 
names  have  been  used  in  another  sense  than  he  intended  by  Sir  G.  F. 
Hampson  is  without  justice  and  due  to  a  failure  on  the  part  of  Pro- 
fessor Smith  to  logically  view  the  necessary  result  of  the  type  idea. 

The  rule  for  selecting  types  of  genera  when  these  are  not  specified 
by  the  author  becomes  of  the  first  importance,  and  its  full  discussion 
at  the  present  time  is  abundantly  justified. 


BOOK  NOTICE. 


A  Natural  History  of  the  British  Lepidoptera,  a  text  book  for  students 
and  collectors.  By  J.  W.  Tutt,  F.  E.  S.  Volume  V.  London  : 
Berlin;    1906. 

We  have  the  pleasure  to  notice  another  of  Mr.  Tutt's  remarkably 
full  and  detailed  volumes.  This  one  contains  two  chapters  of  general 
matter  entitled  respectively  "Hybridisation  in  Lepidoptera"  and 
"  Mongrelisation  in  Lepidoptera,"  followed  by  a  minute  account  of 
the  British  Pterophorids.  Agdistis  is  included,  two  superfamilies  (!) 
being  recognized,  the  Agdistides  and  Alucitides,  The  former  contains 
the  family  Agdistidae,  the  latter  the  families  Platyptilidge  and  Aluci- 
tidse,  and  these  are  again  divided  into  subfamilies,  tribes  and  genera. 
We  have  previously  expresssed   our  opinion  that  Mr.  Tutt  gives  his 


Sept.,  1907.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  173 

groups  too  high  rank,  considering  the  characters  on  which  they  are 
founded  and  makes  too  many  of  them.  This  criticism  applies  equally 
to  the  present  volume.  Such  things  are,  however,  more  or  less  a 
matter  of  opinion  and  do  not  seriously  mar  the  pleasure  we  take  in 
perusing  the  great  mass  of  detailed  facts  and  interesting  generalizations 
about  the  British  ''Plumes"  which  Mr.  Tutt  has  so  assiduously  col- 
lected and  thoughtfully  deduced. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  ENTO- 
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  November  20,  1906. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  H.  Roberts 
presided  with  thirteen  members  and  one  visitor  present. 

The  secretary  read  a  letter  recently  received  from  Mr.  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno 
requesting  a  grant  from  the  Hermann  Fund  to  carry  on  some  investigations  of  the  life- 
histories  of  the  aquatic  hemiptera. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Southwick  the  letter  was  referred  to  the  executive  committee 
for  action. 

Mr.  Davis  read  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Otto  Seifert.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Groth 
action  upon  this  was  deferred. 

Mr.  Southwick  moved  that  amendment  of  Article  V  of  the  by-laws,  proposed  at 
the  last  meeting  be  accepted.     Seconded. 

Motion  was  lost. 

Mr.  Southwick  nominated  Mr.  Roberts  as  delegate  to  the  Council  of  the  Academy 
of  Sciences.     Carried. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Dickerson  the  president  appointed  as  a  committee  Messrs. 
Dickerson,  Groth  and  Davis  to  confer  with  a  similar  committee  from  the  Brooklyn 
and  Newark  Societies  in  order  to  arrange  for  a  smoker  to  be  given  to  the  entomolo- 
gists attending  the  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  during  the  Christmas 
holidays. 

Mr.  Bueno  exhibited  specimens  of  Rhagovelia  obesa  Uhl.  and  discussed  the 
structural  characters,  habits  and  development  of  this  species. 

Mr.  Leng  gave  some  remarks  on  the  Coccinellida;  and  pointed  out  the  chief 
characters  used  in  the  separation  of  certain  genera.  He  exhibited  a  collection  of 
Coccinellidje. 

Meeting  of  December  18,  1906. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  H.  Roberts 
in  the  chair  with  twelve  members  present. 

The  librarian,  Mr.  Schaefter,  reported  the  receipt  of  the  following  exchanges  : 

Zeitschrift  i.  Wissenschaftliche  Insecten  biologic,  II,  Nos.  10  and  11. 

On  the  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  of  the  Athabaska  and  Mackenzie  Region,  B.  C. 
by  Merritt  Gary.     Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  1488. 

The  Digger  Wasps  of  North  America  and  the  West  Indies.  Henry  T.  Fernald. 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  1487. 


174  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Berliner  Entom.  Zeitschrift,  LI,  No.  i. 

Proc.  American  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences,  XLII,  Nos.  12  and  13. 

Canad.  Entom.,  XXXVIII,  Nos.  II  and  12. 

Verb.  d.  k.  k.  zool.  bot.  Gesellscbaft,  Wien,  LVI,  Nos.  6  and  7. 

Science  Bull.  Brooklyn  Inst.  Museum,  I,  No.  9. 

Zoological  Record,  XLII,  1905,  Insecta. 

Bull,  de  la  Soc.  Imp.  d.  Nat.  de  Moscow,  1905,  Nos.  i,  2,  3. 

Proc.  Amer.  Pbilos.  Soc,  XLV,  No.  183. 

Georgia  State  Board  of  Entomology,  Bulletin,  Nos.  20  and  21. 

Wiener  Entomolog.  Zeitung,  XXV,  No.  10. 

Zeitscbrift  f.  Entomologie,  1906,  No.  31. 

Deutsche  Entomolog.  Zeitscbrift,  igo6.  No.  2. 

The  resignations  of  Mr.  J.  R.  Bueno  and  Mr.  Chas.  Myers  were  read  and  ac- 
cepted with  regrets. 

Professor  Wheeler  spoke  on  "Pink  Insects  as  Mutations."  He  said  that  a 
specimen  of  a  pink  katydid  bad  been  sent  to  the  Museum  in  the  fall.  It  was  a 
female  and  discharged  a  mass  of  eggs.  He  formerly  bad  taken  a  number  of  these  at 
Woods  Hole,  Mass.  In  literature  there  are  about  twenty  records  of  these  insects,  but 
the  only  male  known  was  that  taken  by  Mr.  Scudder.  Pink  insects  were  also  found 
in  other  orders  and  occurred  both  in  green  and  brown  forms.  Scudder  considered 
these  pink  forms  as  sports.  An  attempt  should  be  made  to  breed  these  forms  to  de- 
termine constancy  of  color.  He  exhibited  a  number  of  pink  Orthoptera  and 
Hemiptera. 

Mr.  Joutel  asked  if  these  variations  were  produced  by  climatic  variations,  as  he 
had  found  pink  sphinx  larvae  on  grape  in  fall  when  leaves  were  turning.  Dr.  Wheeler 
stated  that  he  had  taken  them  early  in  season  as  had  also  Mr.  Davis  and  that  the  pink 
variation  was  due  to  difference  in  pigmentation. 

Mr.  Joutel  spoke  of  the  experimental  work  he  had  been  doing  in  crossing 
promethea  9  rnoth  with  cynthia  $  ,  and  from  these  had  obtained  fertilized  eggs  from 
which  he  had  secured  a  distinct  type  of  larva  and  cocoon  which  he  exhibited. 

Mr.  Joutel  also  exhibited  a  box  showing  all  of  the  North  American  forms  of  the 
genus  Strategtis,  as  well  as  some  Cuban  and  Mexican  species,  and  a  Passalus  from 
California  which  was  evidently  new  to  the  fauna  of  the  United  States.  Strategus 
monnon  from  California  was  one  of  the  insects  exhibited  and  Mr.  Scbaeffer  spoke  of 
this  as  being  very  rare. 

Mr.  SchaeiTer  gave  "  Some  Notes  on  Bruchidse."  While  collecting  in  Texas 
and  Arizona  he  had  taken  several  new  species.  Many  were  found  on  oak  and  on 
account  of  the  kinds  of  plants  many  of  the  species  were  collected  on,  he  thought 
that  some  of  them  must  breed  in  something  besides  seeds.  He  then  spoke  of  several 
of  the  species  and  the  characters  used  in  separating  them.  Dr.  Horn  had  based  his 
studies  on  the  denticles,  but  did  not  mention  the  variations  that  occurred.  He 
had  found  much  variation  in  these  structures  as  well  as  in  the  pygidium.  Dr.  Sharp 
had  based  his  studies  on  the  form  of  the  insect,  but  in  this  also  Mr.  Schaeffer  saidhe 
had  found  considerable  variation,  so  that  a  long  series  of  these  insects  was  necessary 
in  studying  them. 

Mr.  Leng  asked  what  characters  had  been  found  outside  of  the  denticles.  Mr. 
Scbaeffer  said  good  characters  could  be  found  in  the  antennae  but  these  differed 
much  in  the  sexes  and  so  were  difficult  to  use  in  separating  the  species. 


Sept.,  1906]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  175 

Mr.  Roberts  asked  about  the  tarsal  characters.  Mr.  Schaeffer  said  that  the  legs 
were  difficult  to  examine  but  undoubtedly  good  characters  could  be  found  there. 

Mr.  Leng  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Neoclytus  jotitelii  Davis,  a  longicorn  beetle 
previously  known  only  by  the  type  and  stated  that  Mr.  Bischoff,  of  Newark,  had 
taken  the  specimen  shown  as  well  as  one  other  at  Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  on  July  7, 
1906,  by  beating  oak  trees.  The  type  had  also  been  taken  at  Lakehurst.  Mr. 
Leng  also  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Anistoma  alternata  Melsh. ,  a  beetle  of  the  family 
Silphidce  which  is  new  to  the  List  of  the  Insects  of  New  Jersey.  This  species  is  in- 
cluded in  the  Washington  list.  The  specimen  shown  was  captured  by  Mr.  W.  T. 
Davis  on  Staten  Island  in  October. 

In  discussing  the  subject  of  albinism  Mr.  Southwick  said  plants  often  exhibited 
this  and  asked  about  its  occurrence  in  higher  animals.  Dr.  Wheeler  said  that  he  had 
found  no  albinistic  forms  among  ants  but  that  occasionally  such  forms  appeared 
among  wild  animals  but  that  it  was  only  among  domesticated  animals  that  we  have 
albinistic  races. 

Dr.  Wheeler  invited  the  society  to  meet  in  his  room  in  the  future. 

Annual  Meeting  of  January  15,  1907. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  H.  Roberts 
presided  with  fifteen  members  and  one  visitor  present. 

The  treasurer,  Mr.  Davis,  read  his  annual  report  which  showed  the  Society's 
balance  as  $772.28,  and  the  Journal's  I200.56. 

The  chairman  of  the  nominating  committee,  Mr.  Joutel,  placed  in  nomination  the 
following  ticket : 

President  —  C.  W.  Leng. 

Vice-president  —  E.  B.  Southwick. 

Treasurer — W.  T.  Davis. 

Corresponding  and  Recording  Secretary — H.  G.  Barber. 

Librarian  —  C.  Schaeffer. 

Executive  Committee  —  Messrs.  Groth,  Watson,  Beyer,   Harris  and  Wheeler. 

Publication  Committee  —  Messrs.  Love,  Schaeffer,  Bird  and  Dyar. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Groth  the  secretary  cast  one  ballot  in  favor  of  the  nominations 
as  read. 

The  librarian  reported  the  receipt  of  the  following  exchanges  : 

Remplacement  des  Muscles  Vibrateurs  du  vol  par  les  colonnes  d' adipocytes,  chez 
les  Fourmis,  apres,le  vol  nuptial,  by  Chas.  Tanet. 

Anatomic  de  la  tSte  du  Lasius  niger,  by  Chas.  Tanet. 

Georgia  State  Board  of  Entomology  Bull.  22. 

Field  Tables  of  Lepidoptera  by  Wm.  J.  M.  Forbes. 

Proc.  of  the  Davenport  Academy  of  Sciences,  Vol.  XI,  pp.  I-124. 

Dr.  E.  P.  Felt,  Mr.  E.  A.  Bischoff  and  Mr.  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno  were  pro- 
posed as  active  members. 

Professor  John  B.  Smith  was  proposed  as  a  corresponding  member. 

Mr.  Joutel  exhibited  a  small  cocoon  of  a  moth  belonging  to  the  Eucleidte  which 
was  taken  at  Albany,  April  5,  1906,  collected  and  sent  to  him  by  Dr.  Felt.  He 
remarked  that  it  was  of  interest  because  as  yet  it  was  not  generally  distributed  and 
this  was  the  first  specimen  known  to  have  been  taken  in  New  York  State.     Dr.  Fer- 


176  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 

nald  has  recorded  it  as  being  introduced  into  Massachusetts  where  it  occurred 
restricted  to  a  very  small  locality.  He  spoke  of  the  habit  of  the  caterpillar  of  placing 
its  cocoon  at  the  tip  end  of  the  branches  where  it  was  difficult  to  remove  them  without 
breaking  the  branches. 

Mr.  Zabriskie  exhibited  a  parasitic  hymenopteron,  one  of  the  Chalcididse  similar 
to  those  mentioned  by  Professor  Wheeler  as  occurring  with  ants.  This  specimen  was 
taken  by  sweeping  the  herbage. 

Mr.  Joutel  exhibited  a  pamphlet  written  by  Spinola  in  1839  in  which  were 
described  and  figured  a  few  species  of  peculiar  Coleoptera. 

Professor  Wheeler  exhibited  some  ants  recently  received  from  British  Honduras  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Johnson  —  one  species  of  which  has  very  rarely  been  seen  in  collections. 
Mr.  Johnson  had  sent  a  large  series  of  the  driver  ant.  Professor  Wheeler  described 
the  habits  of  these  ants.  He  told  of  their  carnivorous  food  habit  and  how  they  moved 
in  great  armies  through  the  tropical  forests  devouring  all  insects  and  even  larger 
animals  in  their  way.  They  move  along  just  under  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  are 
consequently  blind.  They  come  to  the  surface  of  the  ground  and  can  be  found 
beneath  stones,  boards  and  leaves  which  may  serve  as  a  sort  of  roof  to  their  galleries. 
The  differences  between  the  individuals  of  the  various  castes  were  pointed  out  and 
comparisons  made  between  these  and  similar  ants  in  other  parts  of  the  world. 

In  answer  to  Mr.  Leng's  question  as  to  how  much  territory  they  covered  in  their 
migrations  Professor  Wheeler  stated  that  that  had  never  been  determined  as  they  were 
rather  mysterious  in  their  habits.  The  males  and  females  are  so  different  that  they 
have  been  put  in  separate  genera  and  even  classified  in  separate  families  by  Cresson. 
The  females  are  very  rare.  They  have  no  wings  and  are  very  large  bodied  being 
probably  dragged  along  by  the  other  members  in  their  migrations.  The  workers  have 
a  rank  and  nauseating  odor  while  the  males  and  females  are  sweet  smelling.  Further- 
more these  ants  have  more  myrmecophiles  than  any  other  known  ant,  many  of  which 
resemble  the  ant  so  closely  that  they  have  been  overlooked.  Among  the  mymeco- 
philes  most  common  are  various  species  of  Staphylinid?e  which  are  not  necessarily 
mimetic  in  color  but  merely  in  form. 

Mr.  Davis  exhibited  five  local  species  of  the  large  red  ant  belonging  to  the  genus 
Formica  and  remarked  that  four  of  them  had  been  taken  on  Staten  Island.  He 
spoke  of  the  habits  of  each  of  these  species. 

Mr.  Watson  exhibited  specimens  of  the  cynthia  moth  showing  a  peculiar  aberra- 
tion with  a  darker  band  along  the  outer  margin  of  the  wings.  These  were  bred  from 
cocoons  obtained  in  Bronx  Park.  Some  specimens  obtained  in  the  same  lot  were 
typical. 

Mr.  Schaeffer  slated  that  while  in  Brownsville,  Tex.,  he  and  Mr.  Doll  had 
brought  back  two  or  three  thousand  cocoons  of  a  Bombycid  moth  [Agapema  gaibina), 
a  large  number  of  which  hatched  out  in  September  and  October,  1903,  and  every  fall 
since  a  diminishing  number  had  hatched  out  and  even  yet  a  few  are  left  which  will 
probably  hatch  out  this  fall.      He  asked  if  anyone  could  explain  this. 

Mr.  Davis  suggested  that  that  was  a  possible  provision  of  nature  for  these  to  hold 
over  in  this  locality  for  a  considerable  time  to  wait  for  a  suitable  wet  season  for  hatch- 
ing out ;  that  they  might  even  hold  over  for  several  years  if  the  season  was  unfavorable. 

This  led  to  considerable  discussion  as  to  the  effect  of  cold,  heat,  moisture,  etc., 
in  either  retarding  development  or  effecting  the  colors  of  the  mature  insect. 


NEW  YORK   EiNTOMOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Organized  June  29,  1892. — Incorporated  June  7,  1893. 


The  meetings  of  the  Society  are  held  on  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  month 
(except  June,  July,  August  and  September)  at  8  P.  M.,  in  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  77th  Street  and  Eighth  Ave. 

Annual  dues  for  Active  Members,  ^3.00. 

Members  of  the  Society  will  please  remit  their  annual  dues,  payable  in  January,  to 
the  treasurer. 


Offieeps  for    the  Year  1907. 

President,  CHAS.  W.  LENG.  .    .    .    .    .       ^  Murray  St.,  New  York. 

Vice- President,  E.   B.   SOUTHWICK 2c6  West  83d  Street,  New  York. 

Treasurer,  WM.   T.   DAVIS 46  Stuyvesant  PlacC;  New  Brighton, 

Staten  Island,  N.  Y. 

Rec.  Secretary,  ) 

„        ,.       ^    -^'iH.   G.    BARBER 2340  Seventh  Avenue,  New  York. 

tor.  Secretary,  J  '' 

Librarian,  C  ?)Cli^.'E.?¥ER Museum,  Eastern  Parkway,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y  . 

EXECUTIVE     COMMITTEE. 

W.  M.  Wheeler,  E.  D.  Harris,  C.  F.  Groth. 

F.   E.  Watson,  G.  Beyer. 

PUBLICATION    COMMITTEE 

E.  G.  Love.  C.  Schaeffer,  II.  Bird, 

Harrison  G.   Dyar, 

AUDITING    COMMITTEE. 

E.  D.  Harris,  E.  B.  Souihwjck,  E.  L.  Dickerson 

FIELD     COMMITTEE 

Wm.  T.  Davis,  Geo.  P.  Engelharhi 

DELEGATE   TO  THE  N.   Y.  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES 
C.   H.   Roberts. 


Price  List  of  Entomological  Publications 

For  Sale  by  the  New  York  Entomohgical  Society. 

LiNELL,  Martin  L.  A  short  review  of  the  Chrysomelas  of  North 
America.  5  pp.     15c. 

Casey,  Thos.  L.  Studies  in  Ptinidae,  Cioidse,  and  Sphindidae  of 
America.  32  pp.     75c. 

A  revision  of  the  North  American  Coccinellidse.  98  pp.  $1.50. 
Review  of  the  American  Corylophidse,  Cryptophagidse,  Trito- 
midas  and  Dermestidse,  with  other  studies. 

(Cuts)  121  pp.     $2.00 

Fall,  H.  C.  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Acmseodera  of  America 
north  of  Mexico.  36  pp.     75c 

On  the  affinities  of  the  genus  Tachycellus  with  descriptions  of 
new  species.  10  pp.     20c 

Leng,  Charles  W.     Notes  on  Coccinellidae,  I,  II. 

31  pp.,  3  pi.     $1.00 

ScHAEFFER,  C.  Synopsis  of  the  Species  of  Trechus,  with  descrip 
tion  of  a  new  species.  4  pp.,  i  pi.     20c 

WiCKHAM,  H.  F.     The  North  American  species  of  Cotalpa. 

4  pp.       IOC 

Fox,  William  J.  "Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Nysson,  inhabiting 
America  north  of  Mexico.  "  7  pp.     20c 

CoQUiLLETT,  D.  W.  Synopsis  of  the  dipterous  genus  Symphono 
myia.  4  pp.     loc 

Revision  of  the  dipterous  family  Therevidae.  6  pp.     15c 

Neumoegen  and  Dyar.  A  preliminary  revision  of  the  Bombyces 
of  America  north  of  Mexico.  $i-50 

Dyar,  Harrison  G.  A  review  of  the  North  American  species  of 
Pronuba  and  Prodoxus.  3  pp.      loc 

A  revision  of  the  Hesperiidae  of  the  United  States.  32  pp.  6oc 
Synoptic  table  of  North  American  mosquito  larvae.  5  pp.  loc 
The  North  American  Nymphulinae  and  Scopariinae.    31  pp.  55c 

Dyar',  H.  G.,  and  Knab,  Frederick.  The  larvae  of  Culicidae 
classified  as  independent  Organisms  61  pp.,  13  pi.     $1.50 

Kearfott,  W.  D.  Revision  of  the  North  American  species  of  the 
genus  Choreutis.  20  pp.     50c 

Caudell,  a.  N.     The  genus  Sinea  of  Amyot  and  Serville. 

II  pp.,  I  pi.     35c 

The  Cyrtophylli  of  the  United  States,  13  PP-     i  pl-     40c 

BuENO,  J.  R.  DE  LA  T.  The  Genus  Notonecta  in  America  North  of 
Mexico.  24  pp.,  I  pi.     6oc. 

The  above  papers  will  be  sent  on  receipt  of  price  by 

CHAt^liES  SCHAEFFEt?, 

Librarian,  New  York  Entomological  Society, 

Brooklyn  museum,  Eastern  Parkuiay, 

Bt^OOKI^VN,  N.  V. 


Vol.  XV. 


No.  4. 


JOURNAL 


OF  THE 


NEW  YORK 


Entomological  Society 


3)evoteC>  to  lEntomoloo^  in  (BeuevaL 


DECEMBER,  1907. 

Edited  by  Harrison  G.    Dvak. 

r^lblic«it!i"i  L'oiiiiiiittc€. 
E.  G.  Love.  Hknry  Bird. 

Harrison  G.  Dyar.  Charles  Schaeffkr. 

Publishiecl   Quarterly    by   the   Society. 
LANCASTER,  PA.  NEW  YORK  CITY, 

1907. 

[Entered  April  21,  1904,  at  Larcasler,  Pa.,  as  second-class  matter,  under  Act  of  Congress  of  July  16, 1894.] 


COMTEKTS. 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  HYMENOPTERA. 

New  North  American  Hymenoptera.     By  J.  C.  Crawford  . 177 

Notes  on  some  species  of  the  Genus  Halictus.     By  J.  C.  Crawford     ....    183 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  COLEOPTERA. 

Notes  on  Leptinotarsa  undecimlineata  Stal.     By  F.  Knab  ig| 

Biological  Notes  on  Megilla  maculata  de  G.     By  A.  A.  Girault     •  .    .  •    ic 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  DIPTERA. 
Descriptions  of  new  Mosquitoes  from  the  Panama  Canal  Zone.   By  H.  G.  Dyar 

&  F.  Knah     ...  ...  .  .  i( 

Descriptions  of  three  new  North  American  mosquitoes.     By  H.  G.  Dyar  &  F. 

Knai;  . 

Mosquitoes  as  flower  visitors.     By  F.  Knab 21 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  LEPIDOPTERA. 

The  life  histories  of  the  New  York  slug  caterpillars,  XIX.     By  H.  G.  Dyar  .    2iJ 
New  American  Lepidoptera.     By  H.  G.  Dyar  .    .  .... 

Eucymatoge  rectilineata,  a  new  Geometrid  motb  from  Colorado.     By  G.   W. 

Taylor 23JP 

Descriptions  of  three  new  Tortricidae  from  Mexico.     By  A.  Busck 235'; 

A  note  on  synonymy.    By  A.  Busck 236 

Class  Hexapoda,  Order  ORTHOPTERA. 
A  new  Cyrtoxipha  from  the  United  States.     By  A.  N.  Caudell 337 

GENERAL. 

The  Specialist.     By  A.  N.  Caudeli 238 


Book  Notice      ...  239 

Notice  from  the  Newark  Entomological  Society 248 

Proceedings  of  the  Society 249  ; 

Index  to  Vol.  XV  aysy-J 


OF  THE 

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Authors  of  each  contribution  to  the  Journal  shall  be  entitled  to  2 
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JOURNAL 


Jlfk  ]BoFh  €!ntQinolQgirflI  %nM^. 


Vol.  XV.  DECEMBER,  1907.  No.  4. 

Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  I,    HYMENOPTERA. 
NEW    NORTH    AMERICAN    HYMENOPTERA. 

By  J.   C.   Crawford, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Superfamily  CHALCIDOIDEA. 
Subfamily  Monodontomerin/e. 

The  genus  Z>iomon/s  Walker  has  the  mesepisternum  deeply  incised 
above  the  middle  and  will  therefore  have  to  be  placed  in  the  Tory- 
minae,  where  it  can  be  separated  from  the  other  genera  by  the  tooth 
on  the  hind  femora.  In  his  classification  of  the  Chalcidoidea,  Dr. 
Ashmead  has  used  the  presence  or  absence  of  teeth  on  the  hind  femora 
as  a  secondary  character  to  separate  the  Toryminae  and  the  Monodon- 
tomerinse.  This  will  have  to  be  dropped  or  at  least  modified  to  show 
the  above  exception. 

The  following  table  will  separate  the  winged  forms  belonging  to 
the  subfamily  and  define  three  new  genera.  The  table  has  been  made 
to  include  all  of  the  genera  which  were  put  in  this  group  by  Dr. 
Ashmead,  except  Diomorus,  to  show  more  clearly  the  affinities  of  the 
new  genera. 

Table  of  Genera  of  Monodontomerin^. 

1.  Antennae  with  two  ring  joints , Plesiostigntodes  Ashm. 

Antennce  with  only  one  ring  joint 2 

2.  Scutellum  with  a  cross  furrow  before  apex 3 

Scutellum  without  a  cross  furrow  before  apex 5 

177 


178  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv 

3.  Apical  margin  of  first  abdominal  segment  not  incised  medially. 

Alonodontomerus  Ashm . 
Apical  margin  of  first  abdominal   segment  incised  medially 4 

4.  Hind  femora  with  two  large  teeth Physothorax  Mayr. 

Hind  femora  with  one  large  tooth Plesiostigma  Mayr. 

5.  Metathorax  with  spiraclar  sulci Heviitorymus  K^xa. 

Metathorax  without  spiraclar  sulci 6 

6.  Occipital  foraminal   depression  immargined 7 

Occipital  foraminal  depression  margined 8 

7.  Metathorax  in  9  with  two  medial  carinse,  area  between  smooth  but  basad  with 

two  fovese  separated  by  a  short  carina  ;  in  $  the  carinae  weak  ;   first  abdomi- 
nal segment  deeply  incised  medially Dilropinotus  gen.  nov. 

Metathorax  not  with  two  medial  carinas  ;  first  abdominal  segment  not  deeply  in- 
incised  medially ]Microdo7itomerus  gen.  nov. 

8.  Apical  margin  of  first  abdominal  segment  not  incised  medially 9 

Apical  margin  of  first  segment  incised  medially 10 

9.  Eyes  conspicuously  hairy OHgosihenus  Forsi. 

Eyes  not  conspicuously  hairy Cryptopristus  Forst.   ^ 

10.  Wings  without  a  stigmal  cloud II 

Wings  with  a  stigmal  cloud Cryptopristus  Forst.    9 

11.  Hind  femora  with  a  large  tooth  or  prominent  dentiform  angle  ;  metathorax  not 

with  two  medial  carinae 12 

Hind  femora  without  a  large  tooth  or  dentiform  angle  ;  metathorax  with  two 
medial  carinse   9  ,  in    $  obsolete Eridontoni erus  gtn.  r\o\. 

12.  Hind  femora  basad  of  large  tooth  distinctly  serrate Websterellus  Ashm. 

Hind  femora  basad  of  large  tooth  not  with  small  teeth  or  serrations. 

Holaspis  Mayr. 
Ditropinotus,  new  genus. 

Type.  — D.  aureoviridis  Crawford. 

The  punctures  of  the  head  and  thorax  are  thimble-like  ;  hind 
femora  with  a  few  minute  saw-like  teeth  ;  antennae  ?  with  the  club 
only  slightly  thicker  than  funicle,  in  S"  not  thicker  ;  joints  of  antennae 
loosely  put  together ;  abdomen  in  9  triangularly  produced  beneath  ; 
metathorax  wrinkled  ;  a  basal  fovea  laterad  of  each  carina  ;  coxal 
cavities  and  place  of  insertion  of  abdomen  above  with  a  strong  cari- 
nate  ridge. 

Ditropinotus  aureoviridis,  new  species. 

9  ■  —  Head  and  thorax  golden  green,  pleurae  more  or  less,  under  sides  and 
abdomen  dark  honey  color;  punctures  of  head  and  thorax  coarse,  strong  ;  antennae 
dark,  scape  more  or  less  and  club  almost  orange  color  ;  from  between  antennae  to  apex 
of  clypeus  a  more  or  less  distinctly  elevated  ridge  ;  legs  testaceous,  hind  femora,  except 
tips,  and  hind  tibiae,  except  apices,  almost  the  color  of  the  abdomen  ;  front  coxae 
testaceous ;  middle  coxae  slightly  and  hind  almost  entirely,  greenish  ;  abdomen 
transversely  lineolate,  with  some  green  laterally  at  times,  compressed,  ovipositor 
about  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen.      Length  3-3.5  mm. 


Dec,  1907.]   Crawford  :    New  North  American  Hymenoptera.     179 

J' .  —  Entirely  green,  not  so  yellowish  in  color  as  the  9  >  antennte  all  dark,  legs 
testaceous,  coxae  and  femora  except  apices  green  ;  sculpture  of  abdomen  coarser  than 
in  9  .      Length  about  2  mm. 

Locality.  —  Hudson,  Mich.,  Webster,  No.  3375  (W.  J.  Phillips 
coll.)  ;  Richmond,  Ind.,  Webster,  No.  2216  (W.  J.  Phillips  coll.)  all 
from  Isosoma  in  wheat. 

Type.  — No.  10043,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Microdontomerus,  new  genus. 

Type.  —  Torymiis  anthoiwiiii  Crawford,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXIX,  133, 
1907. 

The  head  and  thorax  with  thimble-like  punctures,  the  antennae 
slightly  clavate,  the  joints  fitting  closely,  metathorax  with  a  median 
carina  and  several  short  ones  on  each  side  of  the  median  one  ;  teeth 
on  hind  femora  minute. 

Eridontomerus,  new  genus. 

Type.  —  E.  primus  Crawford. 

Punctures  of  head  and  thorax  thimble-like  ;  antennge  distinctly 
clavate,  the  joints  close  fitting;  hind  femora  with  small  teeth,  two  or 
three  of  the  largest  distinctly  almost  semicircularly  emarginate  at  apex  ; 
metathorax  similar  to  Ditropiuotus. 

Eridontomerus  primus,  new  species. 

9 .  —  Head  and  thorax  rather  brassy  green,  face  bronzy  ;  abdomen  black 
tinged  with  brassy  on  sides ;  antennae  dark  becoming  reddish  apically  ;  punctures  of 
head  and  thorax  coarse ;  femora  except  tips  black  with  greenish  reflections ;  tibiae 
medially  brown,  tips  of  femora,  bases  and  apices  of  tibiae  testaceous,  tarsi  whitish  ; 
carina  of  metathorax  strong,  foveae  between  the  carinae  not  deep,  the  outer  ones  very 
distinct;  rest  of  metathorax  finely  roughened;  abdomen  reticulately  lineolated. 
Length  about  2.5  mm. 

$  .  —  Similar  to  9  but  green  brighter,  not  brassy  ;  femora  and  hind  tibise  except 
bases  and  tips  green  ;  knees,  tibije  and  tarsi  whitish  ;  antennae  dark,  the  tips  only 
slightly  lighter.     Length  1.5-2  mm. 

Locality.  — Richmond,  Ind.,  bred  from  Lsosoma  in  timothy  (W. 
J.  Phillips),  Webster,  Nos.  2895  and  2207. 

Type. — No.  10044,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Tribe  Pediobiini. 
Eriglyptus,  new  genus. 

Type.  — E.  robiistiis  Crawford. 

Form  robust,  convex,  head  and  thorax  with  coarse  thimble-like  puntures,  an- 
tennae 8-jointed  with  no  ring  joint,   the  joints  loosely  joined,   club  3-jointed  hardly 


180  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv 

thicker  than  the  funicle,  the  last  joint  reduced  almost  to  a  spine  ;  face  when  viewed 
from  above  slightly  convex,  vertex  meeting  the  occiput  in  a  sharp  carina  extending 
from  eye  to  eye  ;  submarginal  vein  long  but  not  as  long  as  the  marginal,  stigmal  knob 
sessile,  postmarginal  vein  hardly  longer  than  the  stigmal  knob  ;  metathorax  with  a 
distinct  median  carina  ;  petiole  of  abdomen  very  short  the  abdomen  being  almost 
sessile,  abdomen  of  9  about  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  of  $  about  as  long  as 
the  thorax. 

Most  closely  related  to  Nesomyia  but  differs  in  the  convex  form,  ab- 
sence of  ring  joint,  short  postmarginal  vein,  carinate  vertex,  convex 
face  (in  Nesomyia  the  face  viewed  from  above  is  strongly  concave),  etc. 

Eriglyptus  robustus,  new  species. 

^  .  — Length  2.5  mm.  Mead  and  thorax  blue,  with  green  reflections  in  places, 
face  and  under  parts  deeper  blue,,  almost  purple  in  places,  dorsum  of  thorax  except 
lateral  areas  of  mesothorax  mostly  Kneous  ;  antennse  blue  ;  abdomen  blue,  with 
greenish  in  places ;  legs  blue,  tibia  apically  and  tarsi  except  the  dark  apical  joint, 
white. 

^. — Length  2  mm.;  similar  to  9  but  above  mostly  green,  face  with  green, 
pleurse  and  below  blue  ;   abdomen  basally  with  a  white  spot. 

Locality.  —  Washington,  D.  C,  parasite  of  Anthonomus  nigrinus. 
Type. — No.  10045,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Tribe  Entedonini. 
Horisemus  lixivorus,  new  species. 

9 .  —  Head  and  thorax  dark  olive  green  above,  the  scutellum  often  dark  pur- 
plish ;  face  and  under  parts  of  thorax  coppery  green  ;  abdomen  black,  shiny,  base  of 
first  segment  greenish  ;  mesonotum  and  scutellum  finely  reticulated  ;  coxEe  and  femora 
green,  tibiae  dark  ;  tips  of  femora,  bases  and  apices  of  tibiae  and  tarsi,  except  apical 
joint,  whitish  ;  petiole  of  abdomen  very  short ;  first  segment  of  abdomen  over  one 
third  the  length  of  abdomen,  apically  finely  reticulated  as  are  the  remaining  seg- 
ments.    Length  about  1.75  mm. 

$  .  —  Similar  except  for  sexual  characters.      Length  about  1. 25  mm. 

Type  locality.  —  Dallas,  Texas,  Oct.  2,  1906,  bred  from  Lixiis 
tnusculus  (W.  D.  Pierce)  ;  also  from  Victoria,  Texas,  Apr.  4-7  (W. 
E.  Hinds  coll.). 

Type. — No.  10046,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  dark  legs  readily  separate  this  species  from  the  others,  except 
microgaster,  which  has  the  first  segment  of  the  abdomen  over  one  half 
the  length  of  abdomen  and  punctured  apically. 

Tribe  Tetrastichini. 

Aprostocetus  diplosidis,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Black,  shiny,  eyes  reddish  brown  ;  antennae  brown  ;  sculpture  of  meso- 
thorax exceedingly  minute  longitudinal  lines,  making  the  surface  silky  in  appearance  ; 


Dec.,1907.]  Crawford:    New  North  American  Hymenoptera.     181 

median  groove  very  apparent ;  parapsidal  grooves  very  deep  ;  grooves  on  scutellum 
very  plain  ;  femora  and  coxie  dark,  bases  and  apices  of  femora,  and  rest  of  legs  yellow  ; 
abdomen  very  finely  reticulately  lineolated,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  head  and 
thorax  combined.      Length  including  ovipositor  about  2  mm. 

$. — Very  similar  to  the  9  but  the  abdomen  only  as  long  as  the  head  and 
thorax  together.      Length  about  I  mm. 

Locality. — Bred  from  Diplosis  sorghicola,  collected  at  Baton  Rouge, 
La.  (Webster  No.  3630).  .    ■ 

Type. — No.  10929,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Differs  from  amcricaiius  in  the  very  apparent  median  groove  on 
the  raesothorax  ;   from  granitlatiis  in  the  sculpture  of  the  mesothorax. 

Superfamily  ICHNEUMONOIDEA. 

Urosigalphus  bruchi,  new  species. 

9.  — Black,  head  and  thorax  rather  finely  rugoso-punctate  ;  antennal  grooves 
deep,  reaching  to  vertex  ;  antennse  14-jointed,  reddish,  reaching  to  metathorax  ; 
median  area  of  mesothorax  coarsely  rugose,  lateral  areas  shiny,  finely  sparsely  punc- 
tured ;  scutellum  strongly  elevated,  viewed  laterally  its  outline  sharply  angulated  ; 
median  carina  of  metathorax  ending  in  a  sharp,  short  projection  ;  scutellum,  post- 
scutellum  and  base  of  metathorax  rugose;  truncation  sparsely  rugoso-punctate;  hind 
coxL-e  large  ;  hind  femora  robust,  their  tarsi  dusky  ;  wings  dusky,  nervures  light, 
stigma  large,  dark  ;  longitudinal  striae  on  abdomen  distinct  for  about  two  thirds  the 
length  of  the  abdomen  ;  ovipositor  about  one  third  the  length  of  abdomen  ;  apex  of 
abdomen  produced  to  two  short  spines.     Length  3.75-4  mm. 

^. —  Similar,  antennas  reaching  one  third  distance  to  apex  of  abdomen; 
abdomen  at  apex  only  indistinctly  spined.      Length  3.75  mm. 

Locality.  — Victoria,  Texas,  bred  from  Bruchiis  in  Prosopis. 

Type. — No.  10047,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

This  species  is  the  size  of  anthoiiomi  but  is  easily  distinguished  by 
the  absence  of  the  pyramidal  area  between  the  ocelli  and  by  the 
sharply  elevated  and  angulated  scutellum  (in  anthonomi  the  scutellum 
seen  in  profile  is  rounded  above). 

Superfamily  APOIDEA. 
Neolarra  congregatus,  new  species. 

9.  — Head  and  thorax  black,  coarsely,  deeply  and  closely  punctured,  closely 
covered  with  scale-like  pubescence  almost  concealing  the  surface,  grayish  above 
white  on  pleura; ;  facial  quadrangle  broader  than  long  ;  punctures  on  clypeus  smaller, 
mandibles  reddish  apically  ;  flagellum  dull  reddish  beneath  ;  tegulre  large,  black, 
punctured  all  over  ;  legs  dark,  knees  and  tibiae  apically,  somewhat  reddish  ;  abdomen 
with  segments  1-4  red,  apical  segments  darker,  all  closely  coarsely  and  deeply  punc- 
tured ;  segments  1-5  with  bands  of  white  appressed  pubescence  on  the  apical  margins  ; 
venter  red.     Length  5-5.5  mm. 


182  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

J*.— Similar,  differing  in  sexual  characters;  segments  i-6  having  bands  on 
apical  margins.      Length  5-5-5  mm. 

Locality.  — CotuUa,  Texas,  May  9,  1906,  on  Verbesina  eiicelioides 
(F.  C.  Pratt  and  J.  C.  Crawford  colls.). 

Type.  —  No.  10049,  N.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  specimens  were  almost  always  found  congregated  on  particular 
flower  heads,  from  six  to  ten  often  being  taken  on  a  single  head.  Nor 
were  any  found  on  other  flowers  of  the  same  species  growing  just  across 
the  road,  although  they  were  very  abundant  in  the  field  where  the 
specimens  were  collected. 

This  species  differs  from  verbesince  by  the  darker  colored  abdomen, 
the  stronger  punctures  on  the  abdomen,  the  dark  tegulae  and  legs. 

Conanthalictus  cotuUensis,  new  species. 

9  $  .  — Green,  with  a  strong  silky  luster,  head  and  thorax  tesselate  ;  mandibles 
yellowish,  the  tips  red  ;  clypeus  apically  black,  fringed  with  long  hairs  ;  antennae 
brown,  lighter  below,  in  the  9  reaching  to  prothorax,  in  the  $  to  the  tegulae ;  teg- 
ulae yellowish  hyaline;  wings  smoky  hyaline,  nervures  light,  stigma  brown;  meta- 
thorax  with  very  close,  fine  punctures,  the  surface  like  a  small  honeycomb  ;  legs 
dark,  femora  with  a  greenish  luster,  tibiae  apically  and  tarsi  reddish  ;  abdomen  green- 
very  strongly  silky  from  very  minute  transverse  lines ;  broad  apical  margins  of  seg- 
ments brownish  ;   apical  fimbria  sooty  brown.      Length  about  3.5  mm. 

Locality. — Cotulla,   Texas,   May    10,    1906,    on  Marilaiaiidium 
organifolium  (F.  C.  Pratt  and  J.  C.  Crawford  colls.). 
Type.  — No.  10048,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
This  species  was  compared  with  conanthi  by  Professor  Cdckerell 
and  said  to  differ  by  its  smaller  size,  dark  tibiae,  darker  stigma  and 
nervures  and  greener  color. 

In  this  species  the  relative  lengths  of  the  joints  of  the  maxillary 
palpi  are  6,  9,  12,  12,  8,  8  ;  of  the  labial  palpi  8,  4,  4,  6  ;  the  tongue 
is  more  elongate  than  in  LLaiictus.  There  is  not  a  trace  of  an  anal  rima 
in  the  female  in  this  or  the  other  species  of  the  genus. 

Sphecodosoma,  new  genus. 

Type.  — S.  pratti  Crawford. 

In  appearance  like  the  genus  Sphecodes  but  the  basal  nervure  is  only 
gently  curved,  the  mouth  parts  elongate,  the  tongue  linear,  about  ten 
times  as  long  as  broad,  the  scopa  strong ;  insertion  of  antennae  less 
than  one  third  the  distance  from  clypeus  to  ocelli  ;  the  labial  palpal 
joints  have  the  following  relative  lengths:  25,  17,  12,  12  ;  the  maxil- 
lary palpi  21,  60,  60,  20,  16,  16  ;  mandibles  dentate. 


Dec,  1907.]  Crawford  :    Notes  on  Halictus.  183 

Sphecodosoma  pratti,  new  species. 

9 .  —  Head  and  thorax  black,  shiny,  abdomen  dark  red  ;  pubescence  sparse, 
rather  long,  glistening  white  ;  head  elongate,  facial  quadrangle  slightly  longer  than 
wide  ;  eyes  narrow,  inner  orbits  straight  parallel ;  head  almost  impunctate  ;  clypeus 
produced,  with  a  few  punctures  ;  mandibles  red,  bases  black  ;  antennae  clavate,  funi- 
cle  reddish  below,  scape  reaching  about  one  half  way  to  ocelli  ;  mesothorax  slightly 
lineolated,  scutellum  more  plainly  so,  both  finely  sparsely  punctured  more  closely  so 
at  posterior  edges;  median  and  parapsidal  grooves  apparent  but  not  deep;  meta- 
thorax  basally  with  fine  rugulas  not  reaching  to  apex,  leaving  a  smooth  shiny  margin; 
truncation  smooth,  not  surrounded  by  a  carina  ;  mesopleurce  smooth,  indistinctly 
lineolated,  metapleurse  distinctly  so;  tegula;  large,  shiny,  black  inwardly,  the  rest 
translucent  ;  wings  dusky,  nervures  and  stigma  dark  brown  ;  third  submarginal  nar- 
rowed one  half  to  marginal  ;  legs  black,  femora  robust,  pubescence  glistening  white  ; 
first  segment  of  abdomen  black  at  base,  smooth,  sparsely  punctured,  remaining  seg- 
ments sparsely  punctured,  finely  lineolated  ;  pubescence  on  fifth  segment  at  apex, 
sooty  brown.      Length  4  mm. 

$. — Similar,  antennse  not  clavate,  reaching  almost  to  metathorax,  more  yel- 
lowish below,  abdomen  black.      Length  4  mm. 

Locality. — CotuUa,  Texas,  May  10,  1906,  on  Marilaunidium 
organifoliiim  (F.  C.  Pratt  and  J.  C.  Crawford  colls.). 

Type.  —  No.  10050,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

It  resembles  the  genus  Proteraner  in  that  both  sexes  come  out  at 
the  same  time  in  the  spring,  which  is  not  the  case  in  the  other  forms. 


NOTES    ON    SOME    SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS 
HALICTUS. 

By  J.   C.   Crawford, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  species  included  in  this  paper  are  those  which  have  no  green 
on  them  and  which  are  found  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  In 
using  the  table  it  will  be  necessary  to  consult  the  detailed  descriptions 
of  the  species  before  one  can  be  certain  of  the  identifications,  since 
there  are  still  many  undescribed  forms  in  North  America. 

Table  for  the  Females. 

1.  Apical  margins  of  abdominal  segments  with  hair  bands  ;  none  of  the  wing  veins 

obsol  escent : 2 

No  hair  bands  on  apical  margins  of  segments  ;  some  of  the  wing  veins  obso- 
lescent   5 

2.  Cheeks  armed  with  a  strong  spine ligattis  Say. 

Cheeks  not  armed 3 


184  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

3.  Legs  mostly  red parallels  Say. 

Legs  mostly  dark  ;  red,  if  any,  confined  to  hind  legs 4 

4.  Hair  bands  cream  colored,  very  broad  ;   tegulse  almost  impunctate. 

farinostis  Smith. 
Hair  bands  white,  narrow  ;   tegul?e  punctured  except  medially. 

lerouxii  Lepeletier. 

5.  Second  transverse  cubital  not  obsolescent 6 

Second  transverse  cubital  obsolescent 16 

6.  Base  of  metathorax  finely  wrinkled! 7 

Base  of  metathorax  coarsely  rugose 13 

7.  Mesothorax  almost  impunctate titusi  Crawford. 

Mesothorax  closely  punctured 8 

8.  Truncation  of  metathorax  surrounded  by  a  salient  rim .fiiscipentiis  Smith. 

Truncation  not  surrounded  by  a  salient  rim 9 

9.  Punctures  of  mesothorax  very  dense,  separated  from  each  other  by  less  than  their 

own    diameter tardus  Cresson. 

Punctures  of  mesothorax  more  sparse,  widely  separated,  at  least  medially 10 

10.  Hind  tibiae,  hind  and  middle  tarsi  red 7iiellipes  Crawford. 

Legs  dark il 

11.  Base  of  metathorax  separated  from  truncation  by  a  sharp  x\6.^&...coriacetis  Smith. 
Base  of  metathorax  without  a  sharp  ridge  at  rear 12 

12.  Wings  yellowish,  hair  bands  creamy  or  yellowish trizonafus  Cresson. 

Wings  grayish,  hair  bands  white .forbesii  Robertson. 

13.  A  band  on  the  middle  of  first  segment ;   wings  very  clear sisymbrii  Cockerell. 

No  band  on  first  segment ;  wings  more  dusky 14 

14.  Rugae  finer,  straight,  parallel <?/)'////?>  Cockerell. 

Rugae  coarse,  irregular,  not  parallel 15 

15-    Base  of  metathorax  with  a  semicircular  enclosure .pacificus  Cockerell. 

Base  of  metathorax  without  a  semicircular  enclosure similis  Smith. 

16.  Abdomen  red 17 

Abdomen  not  red 19 

17-  Pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  appressed,  mesothorax  very  shiny,  almost  im- 
punctate ;   abdomen  with  apical  segments  largely  black arizonensis  n.  sp. 

Pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  not  appressed 18 

18.  Facial  quadrangle  much  longer  than  broad,  punctures  of  head  strong. 

ovaliceps  Cockerell. 
Facial  quadrangle  not  much  longer  than  broad,  punctures  of  head  indistinct. 

swenki  Crawford. 

19.  Tegulae  large,  punctured  all  over 20 

Tegulae  not  large  and  punctured  all  over 22 

20.  Metathorax  with  a  small  triangular  enclosure nehanbonis  Robertson. 

No  triangular  enclosure  on  metathorax 21 

21.  Mesothorax  coarsely  punctured kincaidii  Cockerell. 

Mesothorax  finely  punctured glabriventris  Crawford. 

22.  Legs  entirely  light  testaceous birkmanni  Crawford. 

Legs  mostly  dark 23 

23.  Metathorax    except   basal   enclosure  covered   with    pubescence  concealing  the 

surface,  especially  on  truncation 24 


Dec,  1907]  Crawford:    Notes  on  Halictus.  185 

Surface  of  metathorax  not  concealed  by  pubescence 25 

24.  Mesothorax  shiny,  sparsely  punctured,  not  distinctly  lineolated. 

am^iistior  Cockerel  1. 
Mesothorax  dull,  closely  punctured,  distinctly  lineolated robertsoni  Crawford. 

25.  Inner  spur  of  hind  tibiae   simple,  or  with  saw-like  teeth,  or  very  oblique  teeth 

hardly  longer  than  broad  at  base 26 

Inner  spur  with  long  spines,  the  basal  ones  at  least  being  several  times  as  long  as 
broad  at  base 31 

26.  Mesothorax  very  dull  from  lineolation  ;   facial  quadrangle  longer  than  broad. 

dasiphorir  Cockerell. 
Mesothorax  somewhat  shiny,  facial  quadrangle  as  broad  or  broader  than  long.  ..27 

27.  Base  of  metathorax  coarsely  rugose  ;   truncation  coarsely  sculptured. 

arctiatiis  Robertson. 
Base  of  metathorax  finely  wrinkled  ;   truncation  not  coarsely  sculptured ■...28 

28.  First  abdominal  segment  closely,  strongly  punctured,  size  large,  about  9  mm. 

robustiis  Crawford. 
First  segment  sparsely  weakly  punctured,  smaller 29 

29.  Wings  clear  hyaline,  abdomen  brownish,  apical  margins  broadly  whitish. 

amicus  Cockerell. 
Wings  dusky,  abdomen  darker 30 

30.  Face  above  antennre  closely  punctured  ;   metathorax  finely  irregularly  wrinkled. 

latifrons  Crawford. 
Face  above  antennae  sparsely  indistinctly  punctured  ;  metathorax  with  fine  irreg- 
ularly longitudinal   rugulce .peco^ensis  Crawford. 

31.  Inner  hind  spur  with  many  long  teeth .pectinatus  Robertson. 

Inner  hind  spur  with  2-7  teeth 32 

32.  Antennae  red  beneath  ;   abdomen  brown,  the  first  segment  strongly  transversely 

striate subobscurns  Cockerell . 

Antennas  darker  beneath,   abdomen  darker,  first  segment  at   most  finely  trans- 
versely lineolate 33 

33.  First  abdominal  segment  closely  distinctly  punctured  all  over. 

fedorensis  Crawford. 
First  segment  impuncate  or  sparsely  punctate  apically 34 

34.  Stigma  brown,  usually  very  dark 35 

Stigma  honey  color 38 

35.  Base  of  metathorax  finely  wrinkled,  rounded  behind 36 

Base  of  metathorax  rugose,  ending  at  a  carina  of  enclosure 37 

36.  Wrinkles  of  metathorax  more  numerous,  punctures  of  mesothorax  sparser,  weaker, 

punctures  of  faceless  strong qitadrimaculahis  Robertson 

Wrinkles  of  metathorax  less  numerous,  punctures  of  mesothorax  closer,  stronger, 
punctures  of  face  stronger divergeus  Lovell. 

37.  Rugse  of  metathorax  stronger,  enclosure  semicircular,  distinct,  punctures  of  meso- 

thorax strong,  coarser .pectoralis  Sm i th . 

Rugae   of   metathorax   weaker,    enclosure   indistinct,    punctures   of    mesothorax 
finer,  sparser .pectoraloides  Cockerell . 

38.  Larger  species  over  8  mm 42 

Smaller  species  not  over  7  mm 39 


I 


186  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

39.  Abdomen  bare,  no  hair  patches  or  appressed  pubescence  on   segments  ;   facial 

quadrangle  slightly  longer  than  broad foxii  Robertson. 

Abdomen  with  hair  patches  of  appressed  pubescence  on  bases  of  segments ;  facial 
quadrangle  as  broad,  or  broader  than  long 40 

40.  Abdomen  brown,  rather  dull,  patches  large,  covering  fourth  segment  entirely. 

cordleyi  Crawford. 
Abdomen  darker,  shiny,  patches  of  hair  smaller,  not  covering  fourth  segment.. ..41 

41.  Smaller,  less  than  6  mm.  ;   wrinkles  of  metathorax  few,  failing  apically,  wings 

hyaline nigrescens  Crawford. 

Larger,  7  mm.  ;   wrinkles  of  metathorax  more  numerous,  reaching  to  apex,  wings 
yellowish niger  Viereck . 

42.  Wings   clear,    hyaline,    veiy   ample;    wrinkles  of    metathorax  not  reaching   to 

apex 43 

Wings  yellowish  or  dusky,  wrinkles  or  rugae  reaching  to  apex 44 

43.  First  abdominal   segment  very  delicately  but  distinctly  punctured;  punctures  of 

mesothorax  sparser aherra^is  Crawford. 

First  segment  almost  entirely  impunctate  ;  punctures  of  mesothorax  closer. 

galpinsict  Cockerell. 

44.  Mesothorax  dull  from  strong  lineolation 45 

Mesothorax  shiny,  lineolation  obscure 46 

45.  Smaller,  hardly  7.5  mm.  ;  abdomen  shiny,  basal  hair  patches  distinct. 

niger  Viereck. 
Larger,  over  8  mm.  ;  abdomen  dull,  hair  patches  not  2i^^?iX^\-\\...qHebecensis  n.  sp. 

46.  RugK  of  metathorax  very  coarse,  punctures  of  mesothorax  sparser. 

trtincalus  Robertson. 
Rugae  of  metathorax  fine,  punctures  of  mesothorax  close cooleyi  Crawford. 

The  following  species  are  not  included  in  the  above  table  :  fartus 
Vachal  ;  lusorius  Cresson  ;  cfassicornis  Kirby ;  discus  Smith  which 
would  run  to  similis  in  the  table  ;  egregius  Vachal  which  is,  I  think, 
trizonatus  or  a  closely  allied  form  ;  diatretus  Vachal  and  synihyridis 
Cockerell  which  would  both  run  close  to  foxii  in  the  table  and  which 
are  closely  related  to  each  other,  especially  in  the  males. 

The  following  table  will  serve  to  separate  all  the  species  known  to 
me  in  the  male  sex  and  the  notes  to  indicate  where  some  of  the  others 
will  run. 

Table  fop  the  Males. 

1.  Apical  margins  of  abdominal  segments  with  strong  hair  bands 2 

No  hair  bands  on  apical  margins  of  segments 5 

2.  Wings  deep  yellowish  ;  legs  yellow  and  red .parallelus  Say. 

Wings  not  deep  yellow  ;  legs  yellow  and  black 3 

3.  Antennae  fulvous  beneath ligatus  Say. 

Antennre  only  obscurely  reddish  beneath 4 

4.  Tegulse  coarsely  punctured  all  over /6'ro«jr?V  Lepeletier. 

Tegulffi  not  punctured  all  over .farinosits  Smith. 


Dec,  1907.]  Crawford  :    Notes  on  Halictus.  187 

5.  Face  and  legs  entirely  dark 6 

Face  and  legs  not  entirely  dark lo 

6.  Tegiilas  punctured  all  over ;  base  of  metathorax  with  a  triangular  enclosure. 

nehitnbonis  Robertson. 
Tegulns  not  punctured  all  over ;   metathorax  not  with  a  triangular  enclosure 7 

7.  Small  species,  about  5  mm 8 

Larger  species,  7  mm.  or  more 9 

8.  Punctures  of  mesothorax  fine,  sparse  ;   rugre  of  metathorax  finer,  enclosure  indis- 

tinct   .pectoraloides  Cockerell . 

Punctures  of  mesothorax  coarse,   close  ;    rugaj  of  metathorax  coarse,   enclosure 
semicircular,  distinct .pectoraJis  Smith. 

9.  Wings  clear,  pubescence  grayish j/jrjj'Wi^r/z  Cockerell. 

Wings  dusky  ;  bands  on  abdomen  not  complete olympicE  Cockerell. 

10.  Clypeus  light  anteriorly,  legs  dark II 

Legs  more  or  less  light 14 

11.  Head  large  quadrate,  mandibles  long,  apex  of  one  reaching  to  base  of  other. 

coriaceus  Smith. 
Head  and  mandibles  normal 12 

12.  Base  of  metathorax  coarsely  rugose siviilis  Smith 

Base  of  metathorax  finely  wrinkled* 13 

13.  Wings  dusky,  metathorax  at  apex  with  a  carina fuscipennis  Smith. 

Wings  yellowish,  no  carina  at  apex  of  metathorax irizonatus  Cresson. 

14.  Only  the  tarsi  whitish 15 

Tibiae  more  or  less  light 17 

15.  Head  and  thorax  smooth,  shiny,  almost  impunctate,  pubescence  long,  abundant. 

titttsi  Crawford. 
Head  and  thorax  closely  punctured 16 

16.  Smaller,  antennae  red  beneath rujicornis  Crawford. 

Larger,  over  8  mm.,  antennae  dark  beneath .forbesii  TLohi. 

17.  Pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  appressed,  scale-like .galpinsife  Cockerell. 

Pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  not  appressed 18 

18.  Antennre  short,  hardly  reaching  the  tegulte /c^x;?  Robertson. 

Antenna  long,  reaching  to  metathorax  at  least 19 

19.  Tubercles  dark  f 20 

Tubercles  with  a  light  spot.  % 23 

20.  Hardly  5  mm.  long quadrimaciilatns  Robertson. 

Over  6  mm.  long 21 

21.  Mesothorax  dull  from  strong  lineolation 7iiger  W&r&<^ 

Mesothorax  shiny,  lineolation  obscure 22 

22.  Face  narrow,  metathorax  finely  rugose .ptillilabris  Vachal 

Face  broad,  metathorax  coarsely  rugose arcuatus  Robertson. 

*  Here  apparently  run  diatretus  Vachal  and  synlhyridis  Cockerell,  which  are 
much  smaller  species. 

f  Here  run  pacifiais  Cockerel!  ;  granostis  Vachal  ;  peraltiis  Cockerell  ;  nigri- 
colHs  Vachal,  all  unknown  to  me. 

X  Here  run  arctous  Vachal  ;  gularis  Vachal  ;  nigrideiis  Vachal  which  I  have 
not  seen. 


I 


188  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoI.  xv 

23.  Antenna;  reddish  beneath,   mesothorax  dull,  the  punctures  minute;   about   6y^ 

mm.  long cordleyi  Crawford. 

Antenn?edark  beneath,  mesothorax  shiny,  punctures  larger,  about  8  mm.  long. ..24 

24.  Rug.ie  of  metathorax  very  coarse truncatus  Robertson. 

Rugce  of  metathorax  fine 25 

25.  Punctures  of  mesothorax  close,  of  first  abdominal  segment  distinct. 

cooleyi  Crawford. 
Punctures  of  mesotliorax  sparse,  of  abdomen  minute aberrans  Crawford. 

The   following,   described    from  the  males  only,   have  not    been 
placed  :    disti>ictus  Provancher,  cinctipes  Provancher. 
Halictus  bardus  Cresson. 

I  have  not  seen  authentic  material  of  this  species  and  the  identifi- 
cation may  be  wrong. 
Halictus  trizonatus  Cresson. 

Either  this  is  a  very  variable  species  or  there  are  several  closely 
allied  species  in  the  western  United  States,  but  it  will  take  a  large 
series  of  specimens  to  decide  this  point.     H.  egregius  Vachal  seems  to 
belong  here  and  also  the  male  described  by  him  as  colatus. 
Halictus  similis  Smith. 

The  species  which  I  have  always  called  by  this  name,  is  called 
discus  by  Professor  Cockerell,  according  to  notes  sent  me  by  Mr.  J. 
H.  Lovell.  The  two  species  would  run  out  at  the  same  point  in  the 
table.  Comparison  with  the  types  is  needed  to  determine  which 
species  is  found  in  the  New  England  states. 
Halictus  subobscurus  Cockerell. 

Comparison  of  the  types  shows  the  species  described  by  me  as 
cockerelli  to  be  a  synonym  of  this  species. 
Halictus  divergens  Lovell. 

This  is  very  closely  allied  to  quadritnaculatus  and  may  be  only  a 
variety. 
Halictus  diatretus  Vachal  and  Halictus  synthyridis  Cockerell. 

These  seem  to  be  very  close  to  each  other  and  to  foxii  but  both 
differ  from  that  species  in  the  males  having  the  legs  entirely  dark. 
Halictus  truncatus  Robertson. 

H.  fulgidits  Crawford  will  have  to  go  as  a  synonym  of  this  species. 
Halictus  galpinsiae  Cockerell. 

In  the  females  this  species  and  H.  aberrans  Crawford  are  very 
closely  related  as  shown  by  the  table  but  in  the  males  they  are  easily 
separated,  the  male  of  gaipinsice  having  appressed  pubescence.  This 
seems  without  any  doubt  to  be  the  form  described  by  Vachal  as 
gelidus 


Dec,  1907. ]  Crawford:    Notes  on  Halictus.  189 

Halictus  arizonensis,  new  species. 

9 .  —  Head  and  thorax  black,  shiny,  ahiiost  impunctate  and  covered  with 
appressed  white  pubescence ;  antennre  beneath,  clypeus  apically,  tubercles  and  legs 
reddish  testaceous  ;  nietathorax  finely  wrinkled  at  base,  the  apex  smooth,  shiny  ;  wings 
white,  stigma  and  nervures  very  light  testaceous,  only  the  subcosta  dark ;  hind  inner 
spur  with  about  three  long  teeth  ;  first  two  segments  of  abdomen  mostly  reddish, 
rest  black  medially,  laterally  reddish,  except  the  last  which  is  entirely  reddish  ; 
apical  margins  of  segments  broadly  whitish.     Length  about  5^  mm. 

One  specimen  from  Arizona  in  the  C.  F.  Baker  collection. 
Type.  —  No.  10930,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Halictus  quebecensis,  new  species. 

9  •  —  Black,  head  and  thorax  lineolate,  dull,  facial  quadrangle  about  square, 
face  below  antennre  sparsely  finely  obliquely  punctured,  punctures  opening  downward 
and  outward  ;  punctures  at  sides  of  face  becoming  close  only  some  distance  above 
antennae  ;  rest  of  face  above  antennse  closely  finely  punctured  ;  vertical  striae  of  the 
cheeks  very  apparent ;  pubescence  of  head  and  thorax  short,  thin,  ochraceous  ;  meso- 
thorax  finely  rather  sparsely  punctured  ;  median  groove  well  impressed,  parapsidal 
grooves  distinct ;  mesopleurse  rather  finely  rugulose,  metapleurse  anteriorly  finely  so, 
posteriorly  finely  lineolate  and  only  slightly  rugulose  ;  base  of  metathorax  with  a 
few  rather  strong  irregular  longitudinal  plicae  reaching  apex  ;  truncation  finely  lineo- 
late and  with  a  few  scattered  punctures,  surrounded  by  a  salient  rim,  faint  above 
medially  but  distinct  at  upper  lateral  angles  ;  wings  yellowish,  darkened  apically ; 
nervures  and  stigma  honey-color, .subcosta  dark  ;  second  submarginal  broad;  third 
narrowed  about  one  third  to  marginal ;  tegulae  dark,  with  a  red  center  and  a  narrow 
light  border ;  legs  dark,  apical  joints  of  tarsi  ferruginous,  pubescence  of  legs  ochra- 
ceous, becoming  reddish  on  apical  joints  of  tarsi  ;  hind  inner  spur  with  about  five 
long  teeth  ;  abdomen  black,  somewhat  shiny,  with  sparse  ochraceous  pubescence  at 
base  and  apex,  and  on  apical  margins  2-4  laterally  and  bases  2-3  laterally  very  faint 
white  hair  spots,  that  surrounding  the  anal  rima  reddish  ;  abdomen  finely  trans- 
versely lineolate  almost  impunctate,  under  a  high  power  showing  a  few  scattered 
very  fine  punctures.      Length  about  8  mm. 

Montreal  Island,  Quebec,  May  21,  1904,  received  from  C.  F. 
Baker;  also  North  Sangus,  Mass.  (J.  C.  Crawford  coll.), 

Halictus  ligatus  Say. 

In  the  tables  the  various  forms  in  which  the  females  have  the 
cheeks  armed  with  a  spine  are  not  separated  from  this  species,  since 
they  are  very  closely  allied  and  an  abundance  of  material  is  needed  to 
work  out  their  status.  These  forms  are  armaticeps  Cresson,  capitosus 
Smith,  texaniis  Cresson,  and  toitnisendi  Cockerell. 


190  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 
Order  II,  COLEOPTERA. 

NOTES  ON  LEPTINOTARSA  UNDECIMLINEATA 

STAL. 

By  Frederick  Knab. 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  chrysomelid  beetle  Leptinotarsa  undecimlineata  Stal  was  found 
by  the  writer  in  great  abundance  on  the  17th  of  June,  1905,  at  Car- 
men and  at  other  points  in  the  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  along  the 
railroad  running  southeastward  from  Cordoba  to  Santa  Lucrecia  on  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec.  The  insects  were  feeding  upon  Solanum 
torvum  L.,  and  had  evidently  been  stimulated  to  sexual  activity  by  the 
first  rains  of  the  wet  season.  Many  pairs  were  found  in  copula  and 
one  cluster  of  eggs  was  found,  placed  on  the  underside  of  a  leaf  as  in 
our  L.  decemlineata.  These  eggs  of  L.  undechnlineata  are  of  an  ex- 
tremely pale  yellow,  in  remarkable  contrast  with  the  deep  golden  yel- 
low, almost  orange  color  of  the  eggs  of  Z.  decemlineata.  There  were 
no  larvae  at  this  time. 

The  females  are  remarkable  in  the  enormously  distended  abdomen, 
a  condition  supposedly  peculiar  and  characteristic  in  certain  genera  of 
Chrysomelidae.  In  these  females  of  L.  iindeci7nlineata  the  abdomen 
is  swollen  to  such  a  degree  that  it  is  not  only  exposed  at  the  sides  and 
between  the  widely  divergent  elytra,  but  a  large  portion  of  it  protrudes 
beyond  the  tips  of  the  elytra.  The  fourth  and  succeeding  segments 
project  beyond  the  elytra  in  a  specimen  preserved  in  fluid,  taken  by 
Mr.  B.  Jordan  in  Alta  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala.  On  the  exposed  abdo- 
men the  dorsal  plates  appear  as  narrow  black  transverse  strips  upon 
the  broad  white  area  of  the  expanded  connecting  tissue.  This  condi- 
tion of  the  female  is  even  indicated  in  dried  specimens  where  the  ely- 
tra have  come  together  over  the  shrunken  abdomen  ;  the  sutural 
margins  of  the  elytra  show  a  slight  divergence  towards  the  tip.  In  the 
genus  Gastroidea,  noted  for  the  greatly  swollen  abdomen  of  the  fertile 
female,  there  is  a  modification  of  the  abdominal  integument.  In  some 
females  of  G.  cyanea  examined  by  the  writer  the  entire  integument  of 
the  abdomen  is  uniformly  pigmented  and  apparently  of  the  same 
texture  throughout. 


Dec,  1907.]  Knab  :    Leptinotarsa  undecimlineata.  191 

The  coloration  of  Leptinotaisa  undecimlineata  is  noteworthy. 
While  dried  specimens  differ  but  little  in  this  respect  from  L.  decem- 
lineata,  the  ground  color  of  the  elytra  and  thorax  of  the  live  specimens 
is  a  peculiar  very  pale  greenish  gray,  and  this  in  the  breeding  season 
when  the  colors  should  be  at  their  fullest  and  no  immature  individuals 
present. 

Dr.  E.  Duges  has  given  a  detailed  description,  accompanied  by 
figures,  of  the  early  stages  of  this  beetle.*  He  describes  the  larva  as 
white  in  color  with  black  markings.  The  markings  are  very  different 
from  those  of  our  Z.  decemlineata  and  the  species  related  to  it.  The 
head,  legs  and  prothoracic  shield  are  black.  The  meso-  and  meta- 
thorax  bear  small  black  lunar  marks  at  the  sides.  Segments  1-6  of 
the  abdomen  have  heavy  black  lunar  marks  at  the  sides  which  involve 
the  stigmata ;  on  segments  1-5  the  ends  of  the  opposing  lunules  are 
connected  by  slender,  more  or  less  broken,  dorsal  lines.  Segments 
6,  7  and  8  bear  quadrate  black  dorsal  areas.  These  markings  vary 
greatly  in  amount  and  all  intergrades  occur  to  a  form  in  which  only 
round  black  stigmatal  spots  are  present.  This  is  the  form  figured  by 
W.  L.  Tower,  f     The  pupa  is  white  with  only  the  stigmata  black. 

The  food  plant  is  large  and  spiny  with  coarsely  hairy  leaves.  Dr. 
Duges  gives  its  name  as  Solanum  tarduin  but  as  no  species  of  that 
name  is  known  the  above  mentioned  Solanum  torvum  is  doubtless 
intended. 

Duges  has  found  many  of  the  larvae,  particularly  the  young  ones, 
more  or  less  covered  with  the  hairs  from  the  leaves  of  the  food-plant. 
As  these  hairs  are  attached  very  irregularly  and  are  absent  in  many 
larvae  he  assumes  they  adhere  accidentally  during  the  movements  of 
the  larva  in  feeding  and  are  not  adopted  as  a  defensive  covering. 
Tower  describes  this  condition  in  the  following  words  :  "As  the  small 
larvae  push  about  through  the  abundant  trichomes  on  the  leaves  of 
their  food  plants,  a  large  accumulation  of  these  become  lodged  among 
and  cemented  to  the  spines  by  the  secretion  of  the  dermal  glands, 
until  the  larva  presents  the  color  and  appearance  of  a  ball  of  dislodged 
trichomes.  .  .  .  The  integument  in  this  second  stage  is  smooth  and 
entirely  devoid  of  spines  on  the  tergal  and  sternal  elements  of  the  seg- 

*Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.,  Vol.  XXVIII,  pp.  1-6,  PI.  I,  1884;  Spanish  transla- 
tion: La  Naturaleza,  Vol.  VII,  pp.  308-311,  PI.  VIII,  1887. 

f  An  investigation  of  evolution  in  chrysomelid  beetles  of  the  genus  Leptinotarsa, 
1907,  pi.  17,  figs.  I,  2  and  3. 


I 


192  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

nients.  Owing  to  the  sticky  secretion  of  the  dermal  glands  a  deposit 
of  trichomas  gathers  on  the  larva  in  this  stage,  though,  owing  to  the 
absence  of  spines,  this  deposit  is  thinner  than  in  the  previous  stage. 
...  In  the  final  stage  the  increase  in  the  body  surface,  which  is  not 
accompanied  by  any  great  increase  in  the  number  of  dermal  glands, 
results  in  there  being  on  the  body  only  a  very  slight  deposit  of  tri- 
chomes,  if  any  at  all,  so  that  the  larvse  are  freely  exposed  on  the 
leaves  of  their  food-plant."  * 

But  by  far  the  most  remarkable  detail  of  the  account  of  Duges 
relates  to  the  eggs.  These  are  stated  to  be  stalked  and  laid  in  groups 
of  100-150.  These  eggs  are  disposed  in  two  layers  or  stories,  those 
of  the  upper  story  being  elevated  above  the  others  by  slender  stalks. 
The  group  consists  first  of  a  row  of  eggs  attached  at  one  extremity  by 
a  sort  of  foot  and  in  contact  with  each  other.  This  is  followed  by  a 
second  row,  parallel  to  the  first,  but  these  eggs  are  upon  slender  stalks 
which  raise  them  above  the  lower  layer.  This  row  is  followed  by  a 
third  one  of  low -stalked  eggs  and  this  by  a  fourth  row  of  long-stalked 
ones.  The  arrangement  is  somewhat  irregular  and  the  long-stalked 
eggs  are  less  numerous  than  the  others.  As  far  as  I  am  aware  no  case 
of  eggs  upon  stalks  has  ever  been  recorded  for  the  Chrysomelini  by 
other  observers.  In  the  entire  group  of  Chrysomelidas,  with  the 
exception  of  this  single  case,  stalked  eggs  are  known  only  from  the 
Clytrini.  Nevertheless  it  can  hardly  be  assumed  that  Duges  was  in 
error,  as  in  other  respects  his  description  of  the  eggs  answers  very  well 
for  this  group  and  he  evidently  bred  the  species  from  these  eggs. 

Leptinotarsa  U7idecimlineata  is  credited  to  the  fauna  of  the  United 
States  on  the  strength  of  an  old  record  for  southern  California  which  is 
erroneous  beyond  a  doubt.  Mr.  G.  Beyer,  who  collected  thoroughly 
in  Lower  California,  writes  me  that  he  did  not  meet  this  species  there. 
Dr.  Duges'  records  for  the  states  of  Michoacan  and  Guanajuato  prob- 
ably indicate  the  northernmost  range  of  this  species. 

The  record  of  this  species  from  Matamoros  in  Tamaulipas,  near 
Brownsville,  Texas,  by  C.  H.  T.  Townsendf  is  based  upon  an  erron- 
eous determination.  The  specimens  are  described  in  detail  by  Town- 
send  and  are  unquestionably  the  species  recently  characterized  by  Mr. 
Chas.  Schaeffer  as  Leptinotarsa  texana.  % 

*  L.  c,  p.  146. 

t  Trans.  Tex.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  V,  pp.  82-84,  1903. 

J  Science  Bulletin,  Brooklyn  Inst.  Arts  &  Sci.,  Vol.  I,  p.  239,  1906. 


Dec.ioo?.]  GiRAULT  :     BIOLOGICAL    NOTES    ON    MeGILLA.  193 

The  larva  of  L.  texana  is  carefully  described  by  Townsend  and 
differs  from  that  of  our  common  L.  decemlineata  by  its  pale  straw  color 
and  by  the  absence  of  the  series  of  baso-pleural  spots  of  the  abdomen. 
In  this  latter  character  it  approaches  the  larva  of  Z.  jiaicta. 

Leptuwtarsa  texana  has  generally  passed  among  American  ento- 
mologists under  the  name  defecta.  Mr.  Schaeffer,  who  took  both 
species  at  Brownsville,  has  demonstrated  the  distinctness  of  the  two 
forms.  Tower  has  recently  added  to  the  confusion  by  treating  iexana 
under  the  name  defecta  and  quoting  the  localities  given  by  Stal  and 
Salle  for  the  true  defecta.  The  following  references  may  help  to  clear 
the  confusion. 

Leptinotarsa  defecta  Stal. 

Myocoryna  defecta  Stal,  Ofv.  af  K.  Vet.  Ak.  Forli.,  1859,  p.  317. 

Chrysoniela  defecta  Stal,  Mon.  Chrys.  de  I'amerique,  1862,  p.  165. 

Leptinotarsa  defecta  Jacoby,   Biol.   Centr.    Anier. ,  Phytophaga,  I,  p.  234,  PI.  XIII, 

fig.  21,  1892. 
Leptinotarsa  defecta  Schaeffer,  Bull.  Brookl.  Inst.  Arts  and  Sci.,  I,  p.  239,  1906. 

Leptinotarsa  texana  Schaeffer. 

Leptinotarsa  defecta  Linell,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  IV,  p.  196,  1896. 
Leptinotarsa  ii-lineata  Townsend,  Trans.  Tex.  Acad.   Sci.,  V,  pp.  82-84,  1903- 
Leptinotarsa  defecta  Tower,  Evolut.  in  Leptinotarsa,  pi.  23,  fig.  20,  1906. 
Leptinotarsa  texana  Schaeffer,  Sci.    Bull.,   Brookl.   Inst.  Arts  and  Sci.,  I,  p.  239, 
1906. 


BIOLOGICAL    NOTES    ON    MEGILLA    MACULATA 

DE    GEER. 

By  a.  Arsene  Girault, 
New  Richmond,  Ohio. 

The  following  brief  descriptive  and  biological  notes  on  this  lady- 
bird were  obtained  while  making  an  attempt  to  keep  many  pairs  in 
confinement  through  the  several  generations  of  a  season,  but  which 
attempt  failed  because  of  the  scarcity  of  food.  There  is  included  a 
description  of  the  process  of  hatching,  records  of  the  period  of  incu- 
bation during  portions  of  May  and  June,  1907,  records  of  the  larval 
and  pupal  instars  for  a  single  generation,  and  notes  on  adults  kept  in 
confinement,  all  of  which  are  more  or  less  fragmentary.  The  obser- 
vations were  made  in  the  laboratory  at  New  Richmond,  Ohio,  about 
latitude  38  degrees,  48  minutes  north. 


194  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv 

Hatching. 

Just  previous  to  hatching,  the  eggs  are  dusky  yellow,  due  to  the 
inclosed  embryo.  The  eggs  in  a  mass  turn  this  color  almost  simul- 
taneously, about  from  eight  to  twelve  hours  before  hatching.  Through 
a  lens  the  body  of  the  fully-developed  embryo  is  distinctly  visible, 
and  its  distinct  segmentation  gives  the  egg  a  dark-ringed  appearance, 
throughout  its  length.  The  embryo  is  erect,  the  setge  more  or  less 
visible  as  short  irregular  streaks  of  black,  but  the  disposition  of  the 
legs  is  not  distinct.  The  basal  one-third  of  the  egg  is  darker.  The 
ocellar  spots  of  the  embryo  are  visible  as  a  small  group  of  three 
minute  dots  in  a  triangle  on  the  latero-cephalic  aspect  (/.  e.,  on  each 
side  of  the  anterior  end),  and  the  tips  of  the  mandibles  between  these 
two  groups  as  two  fainter  red  dots  on  the  ventro-cephalic  aspect  of  the 
egg.  The  two  black  papillar  spots  on  the  pronotum  are  also  distinct, 
and  the  median  line  of  the  two  posterior  segments  of  the  thorax. 
Just  previous  to  eclosion,  the  egg  is  somewhat  swollen  at  its  cephalic 
end. 

The  egg-shell  parts  along  the  dorsal  aspect  from  the  apex  down 
to  about  half  its  length,  and  the  head  of  the  larva  at  once  appears. 
The  body  is  gradually  worked  out  until  the  legs  are  free,  when  the  larva, 
holding  itself  erect  by  means  of  the  unexcluded  terminal  segments, 
exercises  the  legs  back  and  forth  until  they  are  strong  and  dry.  At 
first,  the  legs  are  disposed  along  the  ventum.  The  act  of  hatching 
varies  in  time,  averaging  from  about  50  to  70  minutes.  The  larva  then 
frees  itself  from  the  egg  and  rests  upon  the  mass.  It  is  then  normal  for 
instar  I,  excepting  for  the  pale  yellow  color  of  the  legs,  ventum  and 
the  head  and  its  appendages,  which  form  a  decided  contrast  to  the 
dusky  color  of  the  dorsum. 

The  egg-shells  are  not  eaten.  Forty-six  young  larvte,  hatching  dur- 
ing the  first  week  of  June,  1907,  and  starved  in  confinement,  lived  on 
an  average  of  four  and  one  half  days,  ranging  from  four  to  five  days. 

Each  clutch  of  eggs  was  confined  in  darkness,  under  the  cover  of 
small  paste-board  boxes,  and  also  in-doors,  so  that  the  period  must  be 
considered  as  not  absolutely  natural,  though  under  the  usual  laboratory 
conditions.  These  conditions  are  stated  in  case  it  is  shown  in  the 
future  that  the  presence  or  absence  of  direct  or  indirect  sunlight  have 
the  effect  on  the  period  of  incubation  of  this  insect  attributed  to  them 
in  regard  to  those  of  other  animals.      In  nature,  the  eggs  are  seldom 


Dec,  1907.]  GiRAULT  :      BIOLOGICAL    NOTES    ON    MeGILLA. 


195 


or  never  exposed  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  being  under  a  leaf,  but  it 
is  a  question  whether  the  conditions  of  their  usual  environment  are 
obtained  in  the  laboratory. 

Period  of  Incubation. 

Table  I. 
Period  of  Incubation,  May  24- June  id,  1907. 


Lot  No. 

6  Sj 

Deposited. 

Hatched. 

Length  of  Instar. 
Days.      Hours. 

Average  Effec- 
tive Temp. 
Degrees  Fahr. 

I 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 

5 
26 
16 
IS 
34 
14 

3  p.  m.,  May  24. 
8  p.  m.,  May  24. 

2  p.  m.,  May  26. 

3  p.  m.,  May  26. 
l:3op.  in.,  June  I. 
3  p.  m.  June  4. 

7  p.  ni.,  May  30. 
ID  p.  m.,  May  30. 
3  p.  m.,  June  3. 
2:30  p.  m.,  June  3. 
9  p.  m.,  June  8. 
2  p.  m.,  June  10. 

6 
6 
8 
7 
7 
5 

4 
2 
I 

■23^ 
7* 
23 

20.2° 
19.9 

19-5 
20.1 
22.0 

Totals. 

no 

997 

121. 2 

Averages. 

6.92   1 

20.2 

Duration  of  Posfembryouic  Instars. 

In  Table  II  the  duration  of  the  different  stages  after  hatching  are 
shown  for  a  single  generation,  from  May  25  to  June  23.  The  larvae 
were  fed  on  various  aphids  which  were  supplied  them  in  abundance, 
and  they  were  confined  separately  under  the  conditions  stated  in  regard 
to  the  eggs,  as  were  also  the  pupae. 

The  sums  of  effective  temperature  for  the  different  individuals  of 
this  generation  vary  for  over  seventy  degrees,  when  it  appears  that 
they  should  be  very  nearly  alike,  other  conditions  being  equal.  It 
would  seem  as  if  equal  amounts  of  effective  temperature  should  cause 
equal  amounts  of  growth  or  development  in  individuals  of  the  same 
age,  providing  food  and  other  factors  of  environment  are  equal,  but 
apparently  there  are  also  internal  factors  involved,  causing  certain  in- 
dividuals to  deviate  in  either  direction  from  the  average.  The  indi- 
vidual instars  vary  considerably  from  a  little  less  than  two  days  to  a 
little  more  than  nine  days,  but  this  larger  variation  in  the  duration  of 
separate  instars  or  stages  does  not  affect  the  length  of  the  entire  life- 
cycle,  one  stage  generally  making  up  what  the  other  loses. 

Adults  in  Confinement. 
A  pair  of  mating  adults  captured  on  the  foliage  of  blackberry  at 
II  A.  M.,  May  24  and  confined,  produced   but   17  eggs,  the  female 
dying  on  June  8.     These  eggs  were  deposited  on  May  24  (5)  and 


196 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 


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Dec,  1907.]     Dyar  &  Knae  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone. 


197 


26  (12)  in  the  middle  of  the  afternoon.  A  female  captured  on  May 
24,  11:30  A.  M.,  and  confined  in  the  laboratory,  and  another  one 
mating  with  a  male,  captured  at  5  P.  M.,  May  26,  and  similarly  con- 
fined deposited  eggs  as  follows  : 


Female  No.  i  (Male  Present). 

Female  No.  2  (Male  Present). 

Date  of  Oviposition. 

No.  of  Eggs. 

Date  of  Oviposition 

No.  of  Eggs. 

6          P.  M.,  May  24 
2              "                 26 
I  :  30       "       June      I 

4               "                    4 

June     7 

P.  M.,                9 

II 

IS 

16 

26 

10 

15 
14 
16 

P.  M.,  June    I 

5 
8 

9 

10  A.  M.,          10 

II 

16 

19 

19 
II 
18 
12 
16 
20 

6 

Total  112 

I 

Total   103 

Female  No.  i  died  at  about  noon,  June  21.  The  second  pair  died 
on  June  22  ;  they  were  observed  mating  on  May  30,  June  4,  5,  9,  10 
and  12. 

The  eight  adults  emerging  June  21-23  (Table  II)  were  confined 
together  in  a  large  glass  jar  and  supplied  abundantly  with  food.  They 
did  not  begin  to  mate  until  June  28,  when  one  pair  was  observed  ; 
another  pair  was  observed  mating  on  July  5,  and  both  of  them  were 
isolated.  The  first  pair  produced  37  eggs  and  then  escaped  on  July 
8.  They  mated  again  on  July  2  and  7.  The  second  pair  produced 
no  eggs  and  died  for  lack  of  food  about  July  12.  They  had  mated 
a  second  time  on  July  6. 


Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  IV,  DIPTERA. 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  MOSQUITOES  FROM  THE 
PANAMA  CANAL  ZONE. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar  and  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  mosquito  fauna  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama 
has  heretofore  amounted  to  practically  nothing,  but  thanks  to  the  col- 
lections recently  made  by  Mr.  August  Busck,  is  now  decidedly  im- 
proved.     Mr.  Busck  went  to  the  Isthmus  at  the  invitation  of  Dr.  W. 


198  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [  Voi.  xv. 

C.  Gorgas  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission  and  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  especially  to  investigate  the  mosqui- 
toes of  that  region.  We  are  especially  indebted  to  Dr.  Herman  Can- 
field  of  the  Department  of  Sanitation  of  the  Canal  Zone,  through 
whose  initiative  and  interest  the  present  investigation  has  resulted.  A 
full  list  of  the  species  collected  will  be  made  by  Mr.  Busck.  Only 
the  new  ones  are  referred  to  here. 

Anopheles  gorgasi,  new  species. 

Palpi  as  long  as  the  proboscis,  mostly  black  scaled,  the  terminal  and  penultimate 
joints  light  scaled  except  at  the  bases  and  apices  ;  mesothorax  gray,  with  fine  brown 
scales,  a  black  spot  in  front  of  the  scutellum,  a  pair  of  sublateral  black  spots  medially  ; 
wings  with  the  veins  scaled  in  black  and  white,  two  very  large  black  patches  on  the 
costa  and  a  smaller  one  towards  the  base  and  a  smaller  one  at  the  apex  as  in  A.  albi- 
vianus  Wied.  The  rest  of  the  wing  is  too  much  denuded  to  describe.  Abdomen 
with  groups  of  outstanding  scales  laterally  at  the  apices  of  the  segments,  the  dorsum 
clothed  with  yellow  scales  on  a  dark  ground,  the  lateral  tufts  black.  Legs  mostly 
black-scaled,  hind  legs  with  the  apical  half  of  the  second,  the  third,  and  the  base  of 
the  fourth  joints  white  scaled,  the  remainder  of  the  fourth  and  basal  half  of  the  fifth 
segments  black,  the  third  joint  with  a  large  black  patch  on  the  under  side  which 
reaches  from  near  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle.     I^ength,  3.5  mm. 

One  female,  in  poor  condition.  La  Boca,  Canal  Zone,  Panama 
(A.  H.  Jennings,  collector). 

Type. — No.  10863,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Named,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  August  Busck,  in  honor  of  Dr. 
W.  C.  Gorgas,  Assistant  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  Army,  Chief  Sani- 
tary Officer  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission. 

Anopheles  malefactor,  new  species. 

9  •  —  Palpi  long,  clothed  with  brown  scales  and  black  outstanding  ones,  which 
are  grouped  more  or  less  in  tufts,  heaviest  on  the  basal  portion,  a  slight  sprinkling  of 
lighter  scales  among  the  brown  ones,  particularly  at  the  bases  of  the  dark  tufts  ;  occi- 
put black  scaled,  the  eyes  margined  with  white  above  and  where  they  join  is  a  tuft  of 
white  hairs ;  mesonotum  gray  with  reddish  and  bluish  tinge  and  small  dark  freckles 
tending  to  form  longitudinal  rows,  sparsely  distributed  narrow  yellowish  scales,  a 
black  spot  at  the  base  extending  over  the  middle  of  the  scutellum  and  two  small  sub- 
lateral  black  spots  medially,  all  three  of  these  show  a  lighter  margin  ;  abdomen 
slender,  gray,  with  lateral  tufts  of  outstanding  black  scales  at  the  apices  of  the  seg- 
ments ;  legs  with  the  femora  and  tibise  black  freckled  with  white,  on  the  hind  tibiae 
yellow  scales  predominate  ;  tarsi  black,  ringed  with  yellowish  white  ;  on  the  hind  legs 
the  first  tarsal  joint  is  dark  at  the  base,  light  at  the  apex  and  has  six  white  rings  of 
different  lengths,  second  joint  narrowly  white  at  base,  broadly  so  at  apex,  with  a 
moderately  broad  white  ring  near  the  middle  and  another  narrower  one  between  it 
and  the  base,  third  and  fourth  joints  white  ringed  at  base  and  apex  with  a  broad  cen- 
tral white  ring,  apical  segment  entirely  whitish  scaled  ;  wing  spotted,  black  and  white, 


Dec,  1907]    Dyar&Knab:   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         199 

a  large  black  patch  margined  with  white  on  the  costa  near  the  middle,  more  basaily 
a  smaller  costal  patch  and  towards  the  apex  another  large  one,  all  margined  with 
white,  scaling  of  the  veins  in  patches  of  black  and  white  scales,  the  third  vein  with  a 
small  black  spot  at  the  base,  the  sixth  vein  with  many  black  dots  and  dashes. 
Length,  4.5  mm. 

$ .  —  Palpi  with  the  apical  portion  clubbed,  clothed  with  yellow  scales  with 
golden  luster,  a  narrow  dark  ring-  at  the  middle  of  the  club,  the  shaft  ringed  with 
dull  ochreous  at  the  apex  and  at  the  constriction  and  broadly  marked  with  the  same 
color  on  the  apical  portion  ;  antennre  pale  brown  and  ferruginous  with  silky  luster. 
Length,  4.5  mm. 

Seven  specimens,  Chagres  River,  Panama  (August  Busck,  collec- 
tor) ;  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck,  collector)  ; 
Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (A.  H.  Jennings,  collector). 

Type. — No.  10877,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

There  is  some  variation  in  the  banding  of  the  hind  tarsi.  In  two 
specimens  the  penultimate  and  apical  white  rings  of  the  second  joint 
are  united ;  in  one  the  apical  white  ring  of  the  first  joint  is  divided  by 
a  black  bar,  in  another  the  penultimate  ring  is  so  divided,  while  in  a 
third,  the  apical,  penultimate,  antepenultimate  and  another  white  ring 
are  so  divided,  this  specimen  having  eleven  white  rings  on  this  joint 
instead  of  seven  as  in  the  type. 

Mansonia  phyllozoa,  new  species. 

J'. — Proboscis  moderately  long  and  stout,  slightly  swollen  towards  the  apex, 
black  scaled,  a  yellow-white  ring  behind  the  middle;  palpi  nearly  as  long  as  the 
proboscis,  black  scaled  with  two  yellow-white  rings,  the  apices  brilliantly  silver 
scaled  ;  mesonotum  very  deep  brown  with  four  longitudinal  lines  of  silvery-white 
scales,  two  of  these  lines  are  marginal  and  extend  the  entire  length  of  the  mesonotum, 
the  other  two  submedian  and  begin  behind  the  middle  and  extend  over  the  scutellum 
where  they  unite  upon  its  hind  margin  ;  the  lateral  stripes  extend  along  the  sides  of 
the  scutellum  ;  metanotum  with  a  median  carina,  dark  brown.  Abdomen  dark  scaled 
with  lateral  patches  of  whitish  scales.  Legs  with  the  femora  predominatingly  yellow 
scaled,  the  apices  black  ;  tibiae  yellowish-white  scaled,  ringed  with  black,  the  rings 
becoming  larger  towards  the  apices,  first  tarsal  joints  black,  maculate  with  white  ;  on 
'the  hind  legs  the  apices  broadly  white,  the  second  tarsal  joint  white  at  the  apex  and 
nearly  half  its  base,  the  third  joint  broadly  white  at  the  base,  minutely  at  the  apex, 
the  fourth  more  narrowly  white  at  the  base,  the  fifth  entirely  white-scaled  ;  fore  and 
mid  legs  narrowly  white  marked.  Wings  with  the  veins  mostly  black  scaled  ;  four 
conspicuous  yellowish-white  elongated  costal  spots  one  of  these  basal  and  very  long, 
the  others  shorter,  all  involving  the  first  vein.     Length,  3  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias. 
Ty/>e.  — No.  10864,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


200  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv.    j 

Deinocerites  melanophylum,  new  variety. 

A  local  race  of  Deinocerites  cancer  Theobald,  differing  by  its  very  ,, 
dark,  almost  black  color  ;  the  clypeus  and  tori,  which  in  the  type  forml 
are  yellow  or  yellowish  brown,  are  here  dark  brown  ;  the  mesonotum 
is  pitchy  brown,  the  scales  black  with  brownish  luster,  the  metanotum 
is  pitchy  brown,  nearly  black  ;  the  abdomen  is  black-scaled  above  and 
beneath  ;  in  the  male  with  blue  and  green  iridescence.  The  legs  are 
black. 

Nine  specimens.  Colon,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck,  col- 
lector), from  larvae  in  crab-holes  near  the  ocean. 

Type.  —No.  10865,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Uranotaenia  calosomata,  new  species. 

Proboscis  moderately  long  and  slender,  slightly  enlarged  apically  ;  clypeus  and 
tori  dull  brown  ;  occiput  brown  scaled  with  two  oblique  lines  of  white  scales,  which 
converge  upon  the  vertex  and  terminate  in  a  white  tuft ;  thorax  deep  brown,  on  the 
lateral  margin  a  line  of  white  scales  to  the  base  of  the  wing ;  pleura  brown  with  a 
longitudinal  stripe  of  white  scales  extending  forward  over  the  prothoracic  lobe  and 
joining  the  stripe  on  the  head  ;  metanotum  brown.  Abdomen  black  scaled  at  the  sides, 
above  clothed  with  ochreous  yellow  dull  metallic  scales,  leaving  a  narrow  black  line 
at  the  base  of  each  segment,  becoming  broader  on  the  terminal  segments,  and  a  sub- 
basal  median  black  spot ;  beneath  with  black  vestiture  and  apical  white  bands,  which 
are  broadest  on  the  centers  of  the  segments.  Legs  black  with  bronzy  and  brassy 
luster,  the  apices  of  the  femora  white  ;  on  the  hind  legs  the  dilated  apices  of  the 
tibiae  have  a  patch  of  white  scales  ;  hind  tarsi  with  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  joints 
white  with  metallic  luster.  Wings  heavily  dark-brown  scaled  on  the  costa,  the  basal 
third  of  the  first  vein  white  scaled,  the  two  forked  cells  small  but  broad,  the  second 
posterior  cell  slightly  longer  than  the  second  marginal  cell.      Length,  2.5  mm. 

Five  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  prints  of  horses'  feet  containing  water. 
Type.  — No.  10866,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Uranotaenia  typhlosomata,  new  species. 

$. — Proboscis  long  and  slender,  much  swollen  at  the  apex,  black  scaled; 
antenna;  amply  plumose  ;  palpi  very  short,  black  scaled  ;  occiput  black  scaled,  the 
margins  of  the  eyes  broadly  bluish-white  scaled  ;  mesonotum  brown,  with  minute 
dark-brown  scales  ;  scutellum  with  metallic-blue  scales,  the  setae  long,  black  ;  in 
front  of  the  roots  of  the  wings  is  a  short  stripe  of  silvery-blue  scales  and  a  similar  blue 
stripe  extending  over  the  anterior  half  of  the  pleura  and  over  the  prothoracic  lobes  ; 
metanotum  dark  brown  ;  abdomen  depressed,  black  scaled  above  and  at  the  sides  ; 
legs  black  with  bronzy  luster,  the  knees  with  a  minute  silvery  spot  and  at  the  apices 
of  the  hind  tibiae  another  ;,on  the  hind  tarsi  the  apical  three  fifths  of  the  third  and  all 
of  the  fourth  and  fifth  joints  silvery  white ;  wings  black  scaled  along  the  costa, 
brown  scaled  on  the  veins,  the  base  of  the  first  vein  with  a  patch  of  silvery  scales, 
the  fifth  vein  with  a  line  of  silvery  scales  close  to  the  base.     Length,  2  mm. 


Dec,  1907.]       DyAR  &   KnAB  :     MOSQUITOES    FROM    CaNAL    ZoNE.  201 

One  specimen,  Taboga  Island,  Panama  (A.  H.  Jennings,  col- 
lector), bred  from  larvge  from  pool  in  a  small  stream. 

Type.  — No.  10918,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

In  the  single  specimen  the  thorax  is  somewhat  denuded  and  it  is 
possible  that  there  may  be  a  blue  spot  before  the  antescutellar  space. 

Aedes  lithoecetor,  new  species. 

9  •  — •  Proboscis  moderately  long,  rather  slender,  black  scaled  ;  palpi  short, 
black  scaled  ;  occiput  clothed  with  pale-yellowish  scales,  narrow  curved  ones  on  the 
vertex,  flat  ones  on  the  sides,  a  small  black  patch  on  the  lower  part  of  the  side  ; 
mesonotum  with  the  anterior  two-thirds  clothed  with  shining  light-yellow  scales,  a 
dark  patch  in  front  of  the  sides,  posterior  portion  varied  with  blackish  and  pale-yel- 
low scales,  a  patch  at  the  side  separated  by  a  yellow  stripe  running  from  the  middle 
to  the  base  of  the  wing  ;  scutellum  yellow  scaled  ;  pleura  dark  with  patches  of  white 
scales  ;  mesonotum  deep  brown,  nude  ;  abdomen  black-scaled  above  with  median 
basal  elongate  creamy  spots  on  all  the  segments,  which  however  do  not  unite  to  form 
a  stripe,  segments  with  lateral  triangular  basal  white  patches,  beneath  the  abdomen 
is  mostly  creamy  white  with  black  apical  lateral  triangular  marks;  legs  black,  knees 
yellow  scaled,  tarsi  with  narrow  yellowish-white  basal  rings,  the  ring  at  the  base  of 
the  second  tarsal  of  the  hind  legs  slightly  involves  the  apex  of  the  first  joint ;  fork- 
cells  rather  short,  scales  of  the  veins  all  dark  ;  claws  of  front  and  mid  legs  toothed, 
of  hind  legs  simple.     Length,  5  mm. 

$ .  —  Palpi  slightly  shorter  than  the  proboscis,  hairy  on  the  apical  portion,  the 
two  apical  segments  light  ringed  at  their  bases  ;  abdomen  with  distinct  basal  white 
bands  on  the  second  to  fourth  segments,  on  the  succeeding  segments  broken  into 
three  spots,  the  median  spot  becoming  elongate  on  the  sixth  and  seventh  segments, 
lateral  cilia  abundant,  pale.      Length,  4  mm. 

Five  specimens,  Chagres  River,  Panama  (August  Busck,  col- 
lector), bred  from  larvae  in  pot-holes  along  the  river. 

Type. — No.  10868,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Apparently  nearly  allied  to  Danielsia  tripunctata  Theobald  and  to 
Danielsia  medioviaculata  Theobald,  the  abdominal  marking  differing 
from  the  former  and  the  thoracic  marking  differing  from  the  latter. 
We  would  place  Danielsia  Theobald  as  a  synonym  of  Aedes  in  our 
classification. 

Culez  jubilator,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Proboscis  rather  long  and  slender,  not  swollen  towards  the  apex,  clothed 
with  black  scales,  not  ringed  ;  palpi  short,  black  scaled ;  occiput  clothed  with  narrow 
yellowish  scales,  margin  of  the  eyes  narrowly  white,  the  upright  forked  scales  brown 
with  yellow  luster ;  mesonotum  light  brown  with  golden  luster ;  pleura  pale  gray ; 
abdomen  subcylindrical,  truncate  at  apex,  black  scaled  above  with  faint  bronzy  luster, 
segments  2  to  7  with  a  median  basal  triangular  spot  of  white  scales,  the  spots  on  the 
posterior  segments  smaller,  eighth  segment  with  a  white  basal  band,  which  is  laterally 
enlarged,  a  row  of  white  lateral  spots,    ventral   area   white  scaled  ;  legs  black  with 


202  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       lvoI.  xv. 

bronzy  luster,  the  tarsi  with  very  narrow  yellowish-white  rings  at  both  ends  of  the 
joints,  last  joint  of  hind  tarsi  narrowly  whitish  tipped  ;  claws  simple  ;  scales  of  the 
wing-veins  brown,  long  and  narrow.      Length,  3  mm. 

$  .  —  Palpi  considerably  longer  than  the  proboscis,  the  apical  half  with  numer- 
ous long  brown  hairs,  wholly  brown  scaled,  without  rings  ;  antennae  strongly  plumose  ; 
abdomen  slender,  depressed,  dark-scaled  above  with  faint  bronzy  luster,  the  segments 
with  silvery- white  basal  bands  which  are  produced  triangularly  in  the  middle,  eighth 
segment  entirely  white  scaled.     Length,  3.5  mm. 

Sixteen  specimens,  Taboga  Island,  Panama  (A.  H.  Jennings,  col- 
lector), bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  old  tubs  in  a  pasture  near  the 
bathing  beach. 

Type.  — No.  109 16,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  larva  is  very  close  to  that  of  Culex  carmodyce  Dyar  &  Knab, 
but  has  the  pecten  of  the  air-tiibe  longer. 

Culex  revelator,  new  species. 

9 .  —  Proboscis  rather  long  and  slender,  not  swollen  at  apex,  brown  scaled,  not 
ringed ;  palpi  short,  black  scaled  ;  occiput  brown  scaled,  ocular  margin  white ; 
metanotum  golden-brown  scaled,  pleura  pale  greenish  gray  ;  abdomen  subdepressed, 
truncate  at  the  tip,  clothed  above  with  black  scales  with  bronzy  and  blue  luster,  the 
second  and  third  segments  with  a  median,  basal,  small  patch  of  white  scales,  the 
succeeding  segments  banded,  the  bands  broadest  at  middle,  much  narrowed  at  the 
sides,  on  the  banded  segments  the  bands  are  broadened  laterally  towards  the  ventral 
area  ;  beneath  entirely  white  scaled  ;  legs  dark  with  bronzy  luster,  the  tarsi  nar- 
rowly ringed  with  yellow-white  at  both  ends  of  the  joints  ;  the  tip  of  the  last  joint 
of  the  hind  tarsi  white  ;  claws  simple  ;  wing  scales  brown,  long  and  narrow.  Length, 
3  mm. 

$  .  —  Palpi  considerably  longer  than  the  proboscis,  brown  scaled  with  bronzy 
and  bluish  luster,  the  apical  half  with  numerous  long  blackish  hairs  ;  antennae  amply 
plumose  ;  abdomen  long  and  slender,  the  segments  with  moderately  broad  basal  sil- 
very-white bands,  those  on  the  sixth  and  seventh  segments  dilated  at  the  sides. 
Lateral  cilia  long,  moderately  abundant,  pale  brown.      Length,  3.5  mm. 

Four  specimens,  Taboga  Island,  Panama  (A.  H.  Jennings,  collec- 
tor), bred  from  larvse  found  in  a  boat  containing  water. 

Type. — No.  10917,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  larva  is  allied  to  Culex  proclamatorX).  &  K.  and  C.  inquisitor 
D.  &  K.,  but  differs  from  both  in  having  the  basal   tuft  of  the  tube 
well  within  the  pecten. 
Culex  leprincei,  new  species. 

9  . —  Proboscis  moderately  long  and  slender,  enlarged  towards  the  apex,  entirely 
black  scaled  ;  palpi  short,  black  scaled  ;  occiput  clothed  with  flat  bronzy  scales  and 
with  black  erect  forked  ones,  without  white  ocular  margin  ;  mesonotum  clothed  with 
deep  bronzy  brown  scales  with  faint  indications  of  two  lighter  longitudinal  dorsal 
lines;    scutellum  bronzy  scaled;    metanotum  deep  pitchy  brown;    abdomen  broad. 


Dec,  1907.1     Dyar  &:  Knab  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         203 

flattened,  truncate  at  tip,  black  scaled  above  with  faint  bronzy  luster,  the  bases  of  the 
segments  with  lateral  white  triangular  spots,  the  marginal  hairs  light  yellow,  beneath 
the  segments  are  black  with  broad  white  basal  bands  ;  legs  dark  with  bronzy  luster, 
the  knees  and  tips  of  tibiae  lighter  colored,  tarsi  not  ringed,  claws  simple  ;  wing  scales 
brown.     Length,  3.5  mm. 

$  . —  Palpi  about  one-fourth  longer  than  the  proboscis,  the  two  last  segments 
very  hairy,  clothed  entirely  with  deep  brown  scales  with  bronzy  luster  ;  antennas 
densely  plumose;  lateral  spots  of  the  abdomen  large  on  segments  5,  6  and  7,  the 
lateral  cilia  coarse,  moderately  abundant  with  yellowish  luster.      Length,  3  mm. 

Sixteen  specimens,  Tabernilla  and  Pedro  Miguel,  Canal  Zone, 
Panama  (August  Busck,  collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  a  stagnant  ill- 
smelling  pool  and  among  grass  in  the  edge  of  a  slowly  running  stream. 

Tj'pe. — No.  10869,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Named,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Busck,  in  honor  of  Dr.  J.  A. 
LePrince,  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  of  the  Canal  Zone. 

Culex  corrigani,  new  species. 

9  .— Proboscis  long  and  slender,  distinctly  swollen  at  the  apex,  black  scaled, 
not  ringed  ;  palpi  very  short,  brown  scaled  ;  occiput  brown  scaled,  the  eyes  with 
distinct  white  margins  ;  mesonotum  rather  light-brown  scaled,  with  a  darker  shade 
on  the  posterior  portion  and  with  many  long  coarse  black  bristles ;  metanotum  very 
light  brown;  pleura  pale  greenish;  abdomen  somewhat  depressed,  truncate  at  the 
tip,  clothed  above  and  at  the  sides  with  black  scales  with  a  brownish  luster,  beneath 
greenish-white  scaled  along  the  median  line ;  legs  black  with  bronzy  luster,  claws 
simple  ;  scales  of  the  wing-veins  brown,  long  and  narrow.      Length,  3  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  bamboo  joints. 

Type.  — No.  10870,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Named,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Busck,  in  honor  of  Mr.  John 
Corrigan,  Sanitary  Inspector  of  Tabernilla. 

The  larva  is  allied  to  that  of  Culex  conservator  Dyar  &  Knab,  but 
differs  in  the  long  slender  antennae  on  which  the  tuft  is  placed  very 
near  the  apex,  and  in  having  six  single  hairs  on  the  air-tube. 

Culex  equivocator,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Proboscis  rather  long  and  slender,  very  slightly  enlarged  towards  the  apex, 
black  scaled  ;  palpi  short,  black  scaled  ;  occiput  brown  scaled  with  bronzy  luster,  the 
ocular  margin  very  narrowly  white  scaled  ;  mesonotum  uniformly  rich  brown  scaled 
with  bronzy  luster  ;  metanotum  light  brownish  ;  abdomen  depressed,  truncate  at  the 
tip,  clothed  above  with  brownish-black  scales  with  faint  bluish  luster,  the  segments 
with  lateral  white  triangular  basal  spots,  most  distinct  on  segments  5,  6  and  7,  beneath 
black,  the  bases  of  the  segments  with  broad  soiled  white  bands  ;  legs  dark  with 
bronzy  luster ;  claws  equal  and  simple  ;  scales  of  the  wing-veins  brown,  long  and 
narrow  throughout.      Length,  3.5  mm. 


204  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

^  .  —  Palpi  longer  than  the  proboscis,  the  two  terminal  segments  with  long  hairs, 
entirely  clothed  with  deep-brown  scales,  without  pale  rings;  abdomen  with  narrow 
white  basal  segmental  bands  above,  the  eighth  segment  entirely  white  scaled. 
Length,  3.5  mm. 

Eight  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  bamboo  joints. 

Type. — No.  10873,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Allied  to  C.  hesitator  D.  &  K.,  described  below,  but  differing  in 
the  shape  of  the  wing-scales. 

Culex  jenningsi,  new  species. 

^.  —  Proboscis  moderately  long  and  slender,  not  swollen  towards  the  apex, 
clothed  with  black  scales,  not  ringed  ;  palpi  short,  black  scaled ;  occiput  clothed  with 
dark  scales  and  lighter  ones  intermixed,  margin  of  the  eyes  white  scaled  ;  mesonotum 
clothed  with  dark-brown  scales  with  bronzy  luster  with  several  faintly  indicated 
longitudinal  ridges  ;  metanotum  dull  brown  ;  abdomen  depressed,  truncate  at  the 
tip,  clothed  with  black  scales  which  show  a  bronzy  luster  in  some  lights,  the  second, 
third  and  fourth  segments  have  white  basal  bands,  on  the  succeeding  segments  these 
are  represented  only  by  triangular  lateral  spots,  a  dark -blue  metallic  reflection  at  the 
tip  of  each  segment,  beneath  the  abdomen  is  dark  scaled  with  distinct  white  basal 
bands  ;  legs  black  with  bronzy  luster,  the  knees  and  apices  of  the  tibiae  on  the  hind 
legs  silvery  white,  hind  tarsi  narrowly  ringed  with  silvery  white  at  the  bases  ;  pleura 
pale  greenish  with  two  blackish  longitudinal  stripes  ;  claws  simple  ;  veins  of  the 
wings  brown  scaled,  the  scales  long  and  narrow.      Length,  3  mm. 

^ .  —  Palpi  long  and  very  slender,  slightly  longer  than  the  proboscis,  the  apices 
blunt,  black  scaled  without  white  rings  ;  antennae  densely  plumose  ;  abdomen  with 
narrow  silvery-white  basal  bands  on  all  the  segments.     Length,  3  mm. 

Four  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias. 

Type. — No.  10867,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Allied  to  Culex  conso/ator  Dyar  &  Knab. 

Named,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Busck,  in  honor  of  Mr.  A.  H. 
Jennings,  Special  Sanitary  Inspector  of  the  Canal  Zone. 

Culex  gaudeator,  new  variety. 

J .  —  Proboscis  moderately  long  and  slender,  enlarged  at  the  apex  ;  palpi  short, 
black  scaled  ;  occiput  clothed  with  flat  silver-gray  scales  and  with  numerous  upright 
forked  ones,  mesonotum  deep-brown  scaled,  on  the  anterior  half  a  broad  marginal 
yellowish  stripe  which  curves  inward  at  the  middle  ;  the  posterior  end  of  the  stripe 
may  form  a  detached  dot  or  the  whole  marking  may  be  absent ;  antescutellar  bare 
space  surrounded  by  light-colored  scales,  the  light  markings  show  a  brassy  or  silvery 
luster  in  changing  lights  ;  scutellum  silvery  scaled  ;  pleura  light  brown  with  patches 
of  white  scales  ;  metanotum  deep  pitchy  brown ;  abdomen  depressed,  truncate  at 
apex,  clothed  above  with  black  scales,  at  the  sides  with  distinct  basal  triangular  white 
patches,    beneath  black  with  broad  white    basal  segmental    bands  ;  legs  dark  with 


Dec,  1907.]     Dyar  &  Knab  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         205 

bronzy  luster,  the  knees  capped  with  silvery,  hind  tibiae  with  a  large  silvery  spot  at 
the  apex,  tarsi  narrowly  ringed  with  silvery  white  at  the  bases  of  the  joints,  the  last 
joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  dark  on  the  apical  two  thirds  ;  claws  simple  ;  scales  of  the  wing- 
veins  brown.      I^ength,  3  mm. 

J> .  —  Palpi  long  and  very  slender,  nearly  as  long  as  the  proboscis,  black  scaled 
without  white  rings  ;  abdomen  dark  scaled  with  distinct  bronzy  luster  and  with  nar- 
row basal  segmentary  white  bands,  which  become  dilated  at  the  sides,  beneath  uni- 
formly silvery  white,  except  the  extreme  apex.      Length,  2.5  mm. 

Seven  speciimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias. 

Type.  — No.  10871,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Nearly  allied  to  Oilex  /w/Za/'c';- Theobald,  but  the  thoracic  mark- 
ings less  silvery  and  the  tarsal  bandings  narrower. 

We  describe  this  form  as  a  variety  of  Culex  jenningsi  Dyar  & 
Knab,  in  which  the  thorax  is  ornamented.  The  basal  abdominal 
\)dSiA?,  o{  jenningsi  zxt  lost  in  this  form,  but  maybe  seen  under  the 
microscope  as  3  or  4  scales  at  the  bases  of  the  segments.  The  white 
rings  on  the  tarsi  are  of  a  different  width. 

The  larva  is  closely  similar  to  that  of  Culex  rejector  Dyar  &  Knab, 
unbred,  found  in  Bromelias  at  Cordoba,  Mexico.  It  is  possible  that 
the  species  is  the  same,  but  we  await  the  receipt  of  adults  from  Mexico 
before  a  final  decision. 

Culex  hesitator,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Proboscis  moderately  long,  very  slightly  broadened  towards  apex,  black 
scaled  ;  palpi  short,  black  ;  occiput  clothed  with  recumbent  whitish  scales  and  with 
erect  black  forked  ones;  mesonotum  uniformly  rich  brown  with  slight  bronzy  luster  ; 
pleura  very  pale  brownish  with  an  indistinct  dark  longitudinal  shade  ;  metanotum 
pale  grayish  brown  ;  abdomen  depressed,  truncate  at  the  tip,  black  scaled  above  with 
coppery  and  greenish  luster,  marginal  hairs  of  the  segments  pale  yellow,  lateral  white 
basal  spots  present,  those  on  the  terminal  segments  largest,  venter  black,  with  distinct 
white  basal  bands  ;  legs  dark  with  bronzy  luster  ;  wing-veins  uniformly  brown  scaled  ; 
claws  simple.      Length,  3  mm. 

$ .  —  Palpi  much  longer  than  the  proboscis,  the  last  two  segments  projecting 
beyond  it,  brown  scaled,  not  ringed  ;  antenna;  densely  plumose  ;  abdomen  with  basal 
silvery-white  bands  above,  broadest  on  the  fourth  and  fifth  segments  and  much  pro- 
longed on  the  sides  on  the  sixth  and  seventh  segments.      Length,  3.5  mm. 

Seven  specimens.  Las  Cacadas,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August 
Busck,  collector),  bred  from  pupae  captured  in  a  small  swampy  stream. 

Tjpe.  — No.  10872,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Allied  to  Cu/ex  extricator  Dyar  and  Knab,  but  the  banding  of  the 
abdomen  beneath  differs. 


206  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Vo.  xv. 

Joblotia  trichorryes,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Form  elongate-slender,  the  abdomen  compressed  ;  proboscis  shorter  than 
the  body,  rather  stout,  and  slightly  enlarged  towards  the  apex.  Clypeus  prominent, 
luteous  brown,  with  a  row  of  fine  hairs  along  each  side,  none  in  front  nor  on  the 
upper  surface.  Palpi  short,  rather  slender,  about  one  fourth  the  length  of  the  pro- 
boscis ;  tori  yellow-brown  ;  antennae  with  whorls  of  long  hairs  ;  occiput  clothed  with 
flat  irridescent  blue  and  green  scales,  brilliant  silvery  in  some  lights  ;  hind  margin 
with  a  row  of  erect  dark  scales ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent,  well  sepa- 
rated, clothed  with  brilliant  silvery  scales  ;  mesothorax  somewhat  compressed,  clothed 
with  dusky  scales,  pleura  ochreous  yellow,  with  patches  of  silvery  scales  ;  scutellum 
clothed  with  broad  flat  metallic  blue-green  scales  ;  metanotum  with  three  longitudinal 
impressions,  a  group  of  coarse  terminal  hairs  ;  abdomen  obliquely  truncate  at  the  tip, 
clothed  above  with  dusky  scales,  which  show  raetallic-green  and  steel-blue  reflec- 
tions;  beneath  silvery  white,  encroaching  on  the  lateral  area  as  rounded  segmentary 
incisions.  Wings  long  and  narrow,  hyaline,  the  scales  of  the  veins  dusky.  Legs 
long,  slender,  without  raised  scales,  black,  with  metallic  violet  and  blue  reflections, 
the  tarsi  of  the  middle  legs  with  the  last  four  joints  brilliant  white,  the  hind  legs 
with  the  outer  half  of  the  third  and  the  last  two  joints  white.  Claws  simple. 
Length,  5.5  mm. 

$  .  —  Proboscis  shorter  than  in  the  female,  more  distinctly  swollen  at  the  tip  ; 
palpi  long,  nearly  as  long  as  the  proboscis,  very  slender;  antennae  rather  sparsely 
plumose  ;  abdomen  much  compressed  ;  claspers  stout,  rather  small ;  no  lateral  fringe. 
Length,  5-5  nim. 

Thirty-six  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August 
Busck,  collector),  bred  from  larvse  in  bamboo  joints.  The  larva  re- 
sembles that  oi  Joblotia  digitatus  Rondani,  but  has  the  mandibles  long 
and  slender.  In  some  of  the  adults  there  is  a  little  of  black  on  the 
last  joint  of  the  middle  legs. 

Type.  —  No.  10847,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Joblotia  mogilasia,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Form  stouter  than  the  preceding  species  ;  proboscis  shorter  than  the  body, 
gradually  enlarged  towards  the  apex.  Clypeus  brown,  prominent,  with  a  fringe 
of  small  hairs  mixed  with  a  few  scale-like  hairs  at  t'ie  sides,  nude  on  the  upper  sur- 
face. Palpi  short  and  slender,  about  one  fourth  the  length  of  the  proboscis.  Occi- 
put clothed  with  flattened  dusky  scales  with  an  obscure  metallic  blue  and  green  luster  ; 
prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent,  well  separated  and  clothed  with  silvery  scales, 
mesonotum  dusky  scaled,  with  an  obscure  bluish  luster  ;  pleura  ochreous  yellow,  cov- 
ered with  silvery  scales ;  scutellum  covered  with  large,  flat,  broad,  bright  metallic 
blue-green  scales  ;  metanotum  dusky  brown  with  two  longitudinal  impressions  and  a 
group  of  coarse  bristles  near  the  apex ;  abdomen  dusky  above  with  metallic  blue  and 
green  reflections,  truncate  at  the  tip,  beneath  yellowish  white  with  an  undulate  mar- 
gin at  the  sides  ;  wings  long  and  narrow,  the  scales  of  the  veins  dusky ;  legs  long, 
moderately  slender,  without  distinct  raised  scales,  dark,  with  blue  and  violet  luster, 
the  hind  tibiae  are  white  marked  at  the  base  ;  the  last  four  joints  of  the  middle  tarsi 
are  bright  white,  extreme  tip  black,  on  the  hind  tarsi  the  apical  half  of  the  third  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  jpints  white.      Length,  6  mm. 


Dec,  1907.]     Dyar  &  Knab  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         207 

Three  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvje  in  bamboo  joints.  The  larva  resembles 
that  oi  Joblotia  digitatiis  Rondani  (=  iiivipes  Theob.). 

Type. — No.  10848,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Lesticocampa  culicivora,  new  species. 

9  .  • —  Proboscis  long  and  slender ;  palpi  not  as  long  as  three  joints  of  the 
antenna,  slender,  black  ;  clypeus  black,  shining,  nude  ;  occiput  clothed  with  flat 
deep  blue  scales  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large,  prominent,  well  separated,  with  a  few 
silvery  scales;  mesothorax  compressed,  covered  with  steel-blue  scales;  scutellum 
clothed  with  flat  broad  shining  bright-blue  scales  ;  metanotum  deep  brown,  a  group  of 
setae  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen  long  and  slender,  subcylindrical,  the  segments 
somewhat  constricted  beneath,  above  clothed  with  steel-blue  scales,  beneath  with 
yellowish  silvery  ones  with  an  undulate  lateral  margin  ;  wings  long  and  narrow, 
hyaline,  the  cross-veins  nearly  incident ;  legs  long  and  slender,  the  hind  legs  with 
outstanding  scales  on  the  apical  portion  of  the  tibiae  and  particularly  on  the  second 
joint  of  the  tarsi ;  forming  a  short  lateral  fringe  ;  black  with  violet-blue  reflection, 
the  tarsi  of  the  middle  legs  with  the  apical  half  of  the  second  and  the  succeeding 
segments  silvery  white,  of  the  hind  legs  with  the  last  two  joints  white.     Length,  5  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  flowers  of  Heliconia,  associated  with 
s6me  unbred  long-tubed  larvae,  probably  a  species  of  Culex. 

Type.  —  No.  10849,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Sabethes  canfieldi,  new  species. 

9. — Proboscis  shorter  than  the  body,  strongly  swollen  at  the  apex,  black; 
clypeus  prominent,  smooth,  shining  black  ;  tori  of  the  antennee  black  with  a  whitish 
pubescence  ;  occiput  clothed  with  flat  dull  metallic-green  scales  ;  prothoracic  lobes 
approximated,  clothed  with  brilliant  blue  and  violet  scales  ;  mesonotum  clothed 
with  dark  greenish  scales  ;  scales  of  the  scutellum  metallic  green  and  blue  ;  meta- 
notum deep  brown,  with  a  number  of  long  pale  bristles;  abdomen  dark  above,  with 
greenish-blue  luster,  silvery  white  beneath,  separated  on  the  sides  in  a  perfectly 
straight  line  ;  legs  long  and  slender,  without  raised  scales,  black,  with  light  bronzy 
reflections  beneath  in  certain  lights,  the  tarsi  of  the  middle  legs  white  on  the  second 
to  fifth  joints,  the  white  becoming  obscure  on  the  basal  part  of  the  second  segment, 
on  the  hind  legs  the  last  two  joints  white.      Length,  3.5  mm. 

Twenty-three  specimens.  Lion  Hill,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August 
Busck,  collector),  all  captured. 

Type.  — No.  10850,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Named,  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Busck,  in  honor  of  Dr.  Herman 
Canfield,  Assistant  Chief  Sanitary  Inspector  of  the  Canal  Zone. 

Sabethes  identicus,  new  species. 

? .  —  Identical  with  Sabethes  undosus  Coq.  ;  we  are  unable  to 
demonstrate  any  differences  whatever  between  the  adults. 


208  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Four  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  bamboo  joints. 

Type.  — No.  10851,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  larvae  are  allied  to  those  of  Sabethes  undosus,  but  differ  in 
many  particulars,  so  that  a  distinct  species  is  indicated,  in  spite  of  the 
apparent  identity  of  the  adults.  The  air-tube  is  short,  without  any 
basal  enlargement  and  but  two  pairs  of  single  hairs;  the  body  hairs 
are  finer,  less  coarsely  stellate  ;  the  dorsal  hooks  of  the  seventh  seg- 
ment with  a  tooth  instead  of  simple  ;  maxillae  less  stout  with  seven 
small  teeth  instead  of  four  large  coarse  ones. 

Sabethes  undosus  Coquillett. 

A  large  series  of  bred  specimens  was  obtained  by  Mr.  Busck  from 
larvae  in  bamboo  joints,  the  larvae  agreeing  with  those  figured  by  us 
under  this  name.  The  genus  Sahethinus  Lutz  is  apparently  synony- 
mous with  Sabethes,  and  his  species  Sabethinus  aurescens  with  Sabethes 
undosus.  We  are  unable  to  determine  at  present  which  specific  name 
has  priority. 

Sabethoides  Theobald. 

We  suppressed  this  genus  as  a  synonym  of  Sabethes,  but  it  can  be 
recognized  therefrom  by  the  long  slender  proboscis,  not  swollen  at  the 
tip.  The  prothoracic  lobes  are  approximate,  but  not  absolutely  con- 
tiguous. Lutz  and  Theobald  place  this  genus  under  the  heading 
"palpi  short  in  both  sexes,"  but  apparently  neither  of  these  authors 
has  seen  a  male.  We  have  a  single  male  of  Sabethoides  cyaneus  Fab. 
(=  confusus  Theob. )  in  which  the  palpi  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  pro- 
boscis. (They  are  broken,  but  the  end  of  the  long  joint  reaches  to 
the  middle  of  the  proboscis. ) 

Phoniomyia  chrysomus,  new  species. 

$. — Proboscis  long  and  slender,  black;  occiput  dark  scaled,  a  small  silvery 
spot  on  the  vertex  ;  prothoracic  lobes  prominent,  clothed  with  shining  coppery 
scales  ;  mesonotum  and  scutellum  clothed  with  dark  scales  with  faint  greenish  and 
bronzy  luster,  setce  of  scutellum  dark  ;  metanotum  deep  brown  with  a  group  of  setse  ; 
abdomen  black  above  with  faint  bluish  sheen,  beneath  silvery  white,  the  colors  sepa- 
rated in  a  straight  line  ;  legs  dark,  with  brassy  reflection  beneath,  the  mid  legs  with 
the  third  and  fourth  tarsal  joints  and  the  apex  of  the  second  silvery  white  at  the  side. 
Length,  2.5  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,   Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvte  in  water  in  leaves  of  Bromelias. 
Type.  — No.  10854,  U.'  S.  National  Museum. 


Dec,  1907.]     Dyar  &:  Knae  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         209 

Phoniomyia  scotinomus,  new  species. 

$ .  —  Proboscis  long  and  slender,  very  slightly  enlarged  towards  the  apex, 
black  ;  palpi  very  short ;  clypeus  yellow-brown  ;  occiput  dark  scaled,  the  vertex 
and  dividing  line  of  the  eyes  obscurely  silvery  ;  prothoracic  lobes  prominent,  approx- 
imated, clothed  with  dark  scales  with  a  blue  and  violet  luster  ;  mesonotum  clothed 
with  dark-brown  scales  with  slight  bronzy  luster,  faintly  greenish  in  certain  lights  ; 
scales  of  the  scutellum  like  those  of  the  mesonotum  ;  setre  of  the  scutellum  dark  ; 
metanotum  deep  brown  with  a  group  of  setae  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen  black 
scaled  above,  with  faint  bluish  luster,  beneath  lustrous  whitish,  the  colors  separated 
in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides,  apex  of  the  abdomen  dilated  ;  legs  dark  scaled  above, 
beneath  brassy,  the  middle  legs  silvery  beneath  on  the  third  and  fourth  joints,  hind 
legs  silvery  beneath  on  the  last  joint.     Length,  3  mm. 

9  .  —  Similar  to  the  male. 

Three  specimens,  Boqueron  River,  Panama,  and  Tabernilla,  Canal 
Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck,  collector),  bred  from  larvce  in  water 
in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias. 

Ty/e.  — No.  10855,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Phoniomyia  philophone,  new  species. 

Proboscis  long  and  slender,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  very  slightly  enlarged 
towards  the  apex  ;  clypeus  prominent,  pitchy  brown,  covered  with  fine  gray  pubes- 
cence; tori  of  the  antennae  black  with  fine  silvery  pubescence  ;  occiput  behind  the 
eyes  broadly  silver  scaled  ;  palpi  very  short,  black  ;  vertex  with  green  and  blue 
iridescent  scales  ;  antennal  segments  long,  the  whorls  of  hairs  consist  of  a  few  long 
ones,  and  being  well  removed  from  each  other  do  not  give  a  densely  plumose 
appearance  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large,  prominent,  collar-like,  closely  approximate  but 
not  contiguous,  clothed  with  violet  and  blue  metallic  scales  and  with  many  coarse 
bristles  on  the  front  margin  ;  mesonotum  rather  short,  stout,  clothed  with  dark 
olivaceous  and  green  scales ;  metanotum  short,  globose,  with  two  longitudinal 
impressions,  pitchy  brown,  a  group  of  setae  beyond  the  middle  ;  abdomen  long  and 
slender,  compressed,  clothed  above  with  blackish  scales  with  an  obscure  greenish 
luster,  beneath  with  white  scales,  divided  on  the  sides  in  a  straight  line  ;  legs  long 
and  slender,  dark  brown  with  bronzy  luster,  a  whitish  reflection  on  the  front  tarsi. 
Length,  3  mm. 

Twenty  specimens,    Tabernilla,    Canal    Zone,    Panama    (x\ugust 
Busck,  collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  leaves  of  Bromelias. 
Tyfie.  —  No.  10852,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  codiocampa,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Proboscis  rather  short  and  stout,  thickened  towards  the  apex,  black  scaled  ; 
clypeus  large,  globose,  brown  with  minute  gray  pubescence  ;  palpi  very  short,  black 
scaled  ;  eyes  divided  by  a  narrow  white-scaled  strip  ;  occiput  clothed  with  brownish 
iridescent  scales,  the  ocular  margin  narrowly  white  and  forming  a  triangular  patch 
between  the  eyes  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large,  prominent,  well  separated,  the  basal 
portion  silvery  white,  tip  also  white,  the  central  portion  blackish  brown  ;  mesonotum 
short,  convex,  clothed  with  bronzy  brown  scales  ;  seta?  of  the  scutellum  ferruginous 


I 


210  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

yellow  ;  metanotum  pitchy  black  with  a  group  of  setae  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen 
rather  stout,  compressed,  truncate  at  the  tip  with  numerous  terminal  coarse  bristles, 
black  scaled  above,  creamy  white  beneath,  the  white  forming  deep  lateral  incisions  at 
the  apices  of  the  segments ;  legs  dark,  with  ^bronzy  luster,  the'fore  legs  pale  brassy 
beneath  throughout  their  length,  mid  legs  with  the  apical  portion  of  the  second,  the 
third  and  fourth  joints  silvery  white  beneath,  hind  legs  with  the  second  and  third 
joints  silvery  white  beneath,  the  fourth  and  fifth  bronzy  brown.      Length,  4  mm. 

^  .  —  Antennae  shorter  than  in  the  female,  the  hairs  of  the  whorls  more  numerous  ; 
palpi  very  short,  white  scaled  ;  abdomen  strongly  compressed  along  the  anterior  two 
thirds,  the  apex  dilated,  with  lateral  and  ventral  groups  of  coarse  bristles  ;  front  legs 
with  the  third  and  fourth  joints  silvery  white  beneath,  the  middle  and  hind  legs  light 
brassy  beneath,  on  the  mid  legs  becoming  silvery  white  on  the  third  and  fourth  joints, 
on  the  hind  legs  the  apical  half  of  the  first,  the  second,  third  and  basal  part  of  the 
fourth  joints  silvery  white  beneath.      Length,  4.5  mm. 

Eleven  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August 
Busck,  collector),  part  of  the  specimens  bred  from  larvse  in  bamboo 
joints,  the  others  caught  in  a  bamboo  woods. 

Type. — No.  10853,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  panamena,  new  species. 

Proboscis  moderately  stout,  enlarged  towards  the  apex  ;  palpi  short,  silvery 
scaled  at  the  apex;  clypeus  prominent,  brown,  with  fine  whitish  pubescence;  tori 
yellow  with  fine  silvery  pubescence ;  occiput  entirely  dark  scaled  with  faint  irides- 
cence, white  on  the  lower  part  of  the  side  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent, 
well  separated,  clothed  with  blackish  scales,  a  patch  of  whitish  ones  at  the  apices, 
the  lower  portion  whitish  scaled  ;  mesonotum  and  scutellum  clothed  with  brownish 
scales  with  bronzy  and  bluish  luster  ;  metanotum  pitchy  black,  with  a  group  of  setae 
near  the  apex  ;  abdomen  compressed,  black  scaled  above,  white  beneath,  the  colors 
separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides  ;  legs  entirely  dark  with  metallic  luster, 
beneath  the  legs  are  bright  bronzy.      Length,  4  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  a  pupa  in  a  bamboo  joint. 
Type.  —  No.  10856,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  circumcincta,  new  species. 

$  .  —  Proboscis  moderate,  much  dilated  at  the  tip,  black  ;  palpi  very  short,  dark 
scaled  ;  occiput  dark  scaled  with  bluish  iridescence,  eyes  narrowly  margined  with 
white  ;  prothoracic  lobes  prominent,  well  separated,  clothed  with  dark  scales  which 
have  at  the  tip  a  violaceous  coppery  metallic  sheen;  mesonotum  dark  scaled,  with 
bronzy  and  obscure  bluish  reflections,  the  front  margin  distinctly  whitish  scaled  ; 
scutellum  clothed  like  the  mesothorax  ;  metanotum  pitchy  black,  with  a  group  of 
setse  near  the  apex  ;  abdomen  black  above  with  blue  and  bronzy  luster,  creamy  white 
beneath,  the  colors  separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides ;  legs  dark  above  with 
bronzy  luster,  beneath  mostly  with  a  light  brassy  whitish  sheen,  on  the  middle  legs 
the  apical  half  of  the  second   and  all  of  the  succeeding  joints  completely  encircled 


Dec ,  1907.]    Dyar  &  Knab  :   Mosquitoes  from  Canal  Zone.         211 

with  silvery  white  ;  the  brassy  color  of  the  under  surface  is  interupted  beneath  by  a 
dark  shade  on  the  first  and  second  tarsal  joints,  the  fore  femora  are  mostly  bronzy 
beneath  on  the  apical  half.      Length,  3  mm. 

Two  specimens,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  the  water  in  leaves  of  Bromelias. 
Type.  — No.  10857,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  agnostips,  new  species. 

Proboscis  rather  slender,  distinctly  swollen  towards  the  tip,  black  scaled  ;  palpi 
short,  black  scaled  ;  clypeus  prominent,  black  ;  occiput  dark  scaled,  with  blue  and 
green  iridescence,  the  eyes  not  margined  by  pale,  a  small  silvery  spot  at  the  vertex, 
at  the  sides  and  beneath  bright  silvery  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent,  well 
separated,  clothed  with  shining  coppery  scales,  which  become  violaceous  on  the 
sides  ;  pleura  silver  scaled  ;  mesonotum  clothed  with  brown  scales,  with  slight  me- 
tallic luster,  basally  and  on  the  scutellum  with  faint  greenish  reflection,  setce  at  the 
bases  of  the  wings  and  on  the  scutellum  golden  yellow  ;  metanotum  pitchy  brown 
wilji  a  bluish  bloom,  a  group  of  setae  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen  compressed,  clothed 
above  with  black  scales  with  greenish  luster,  beneath  with  creamy  white  shining  vesti- 
ture,  the  colors  separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides  ;  legs  dark,  brassy  beneath, 
the  middle  pair  with  the  apical  three  fourths  of  the  second  joint  and  all  the  succeeding 
joints  silvery  white  on  the  inner  side,  hind  legs  with  the  fourth  and  fifth  tars.il  joints 
white  on  the  inner  side.      Length,  4.5  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  captured  in  bamboo  woods. 

Type.  — No.  10858,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  homothe,  new  species. 

Proboscis  long  and  slender,  distinctly  swollen  at  the  apex  ;  palpi  very  short,  dark 
scaled,  a  few  light  scales  at  the  tip  ;  clypeus  and  tori  light  brown  with  fine  grayish 
pubescence  ;  wedge  between  the  eyes  broad,  silvery  scaled  ;  occiput  entirely  dark 
scaled,  the  eyes  without  margin  of  light  scales  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  promi- 
nent, well  separated,  clothed  with  brown  scales  with  violet  reflection,  the  apices 
broadly  silvery  as  also  the  base  below  ;  mesonotum  clothed  with  dull-brown  scales, 
the  seta;  of  the  scutellum  brown  ;  metanotum  pitchy  brown,  with  a  group  of  setae 
towards  the  apex;  abdomen  compressed,  black  scaled  above  with  greenish  luster, 
extending  well  down  the  sides,  the  venter  narrowly  creamy-white  scaled  ;  legs  long  and 
slender,  dark  with  bronzy  luster,  the  mid  legs  with  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  tarsal 
joints  marked  with  white  on  the  inner  side,  rather  indistinct  and  only  clearly  visible 
in  certain  lights  ;  scales  of  the  wing-veins  long  and  narrow.      Length,  3  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  captured  in  bamboo  woods. 

Type.  — No.  10859,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  hosautus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  rather  .short  and  stout,  enlarged  towards  the  apex,  black  scaled  ;  j>alpi 
.short,  black  scaled  ;   clypeus  prominent,  black  with  fine  grayish   pubescence  ;   the 


212  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

wedge  between  the  eyes  covered  with  silvery  scales  ;  occiput  entirely  dark  scaled 
with  blue  and  green  iridescence,  no  pale  margin  to  the  eyes  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large 
and  prominent,  well  separated,  clothed  with  dark  scales,  the  apex  silvery  scaled  as 
also  the  base  below  ;  mesonotum  and  scutellum  clothed  with  brownish  and  blackish 
scales  which  show  a  bluish  luster,  seta?  of  the  scutellum  brown  ;  metanotum  deep 
brown  with  a  group  of  setse  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen  compressed,  black  scaled 
above,  beneath  creamy  white,  the  colors  separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides; 
legs  dark  with  metallic  luster,  brassy  beneath,  the  middle  legs  with  the  tip  of  the 
second  and  the  succeeding  joints  silvery  white  on  the  inner  side;  wings  with  the 
scales  of  the  veins  short  and  broad  on  the  outer  half.      Length,  3.5  rnm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  a  pupa  found  in  a  bamboo  joint. 
Type.  — No.  10860,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  leucopisthepus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  rather  long  and  slender,  swollen  at  the  apex  ;  palpi  very  short,  black 
scaled  ;  occiput  dark  scaled,  with  blue-green  luster,  the  eyes  evenly  white  margingd, 
a  small  white  spot  on  the  vertex  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent,  well  sep- 
arated, clothed  with  dark  scales,  the  apices  and  bases  silvery  scaled  ;  mesonotum 
brown  scaled,  in  front  with  a  few  whitish  scales;  metanotum  blackish  with  a  group 
of  set£e  towards  the  apex  ;  abdomen  black  scaled  above,  white  scaled  beneath,  the 
colors  separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides  ;  legs  dark  with  bronzy  luster,  brassy 
beneath,  on  the  hind  legs  the  fourth  and  fifth  tarsal  joints  are  silvery-white  scaled 
on  the  inner  side  except  at  their  apices  which  are  dark  scaled  ;  scales  of  the  wing- 
veins  long  and  narrow.      Length,  2.5  mm. 

One  specimen,  Tabernilla,  Canal   Zone.    Panama  (August  Busck, 
collector),  bred  from  larvae  in  water  in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias. 
Type. — No.  10S61,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Wyeomyia  macrotus,  new  species. 

Proboscis  rather  long  and  slender,  swollen  at  the  apex,  black  scaled  ;  palpi 
short,  black  scaled  ;  clypeus  prominent,  black,  with  fine  grayish  pubescence;  occiput 
dark  scaled  with  bluish  luster,  a  metallic  spot  on  the  vertex,  no  white  margin  to  the 
eyes  ;  prothoracic  lobes  large  and  prominent,  well  separated,  blackish  scaled,  the 
tips  and  basal  part  white  in  certain  lights  and  connected  behind  by  a  whitish  band  ; 
mesonotum  brown  scaled,  with  faint  bronzy  and  blue  reflections,  the  hairs  of  the 
scutellum  dark  ;  metanotum  dark  brown  with  a  few  setre  near  the  apex  ;  abdomen 
dark  scaled  above  with  bronzy  and  bluish  luster,  beneath  creamy  white,  the  colors 
separated  in  a  straight  line  on  the  sides ;  legs  moderately  slender,  dark  with  bronzy 
luster,  brassy  beneath  ;  scales  of  the  wing-veins  mostly  short  and  broad,  a  few  longer 
ones  in  the  region  of  the  cross-veins.      Length,  3  mm. 

Three  specimens,  Boqueron  River,  Panama,  and  Tabernilla, 
Canal  Zone,  Panama  (August  Busck,  collector),  bred  from  larvae  in 
the  water  in  the  leaves  of  Bromelias.  The  pupa  has  remarkably  long 
breathing  tubes. 

Type. — No.  10862,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


Dec,  1907.]        Dyar  &  Knab  :  North  American  Mosquitoes.         213 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THREE  NEW  NORTH 
AMERICAN   MOSQUITOES. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar  and  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Aedes  campestris,  new  species. 

9  •  —  Proboscis  straight,  clothed  with  black  scales  and,  on  the  basal  half,  with 
a  sprinkling  of  yellowish  gray  ones;  palpi  short,  black  scaled  with  lighter  scales 
intermixed  ;  occiput  pale  ocher-yellow,  a  dark  brownish  stripe  on  each  side  of  the 
median  area,  margins  of  the  eyes  lighter  scaled,  collar  dark  scaled  ;  prothoracic  lobes, 
pleura  and  coxoe  roughly  yellowish  white  scaled;  mesonotum  ochreous  yellow,  a 
broad  rich  brown  stripe  down  the  middle,  basally  two  short  brown  stripes  on  each 
side  of  this  ;  shoulders  broadly  marked  with  brown  ;  scutellum  pale  ochreous  scaled, 
the  setae  pale  shining  yellow  ;  abdomen  dull  yellowish  white  scaled,  the  second,  third, 
fourth  and  fifth  segments  with  large  patches  of  black  scales  on  each  side  of  the  middle, 
reaching  the  apex  but  not  the  base,  these  patches  have  a  few  whitish  scales  intermixed, 
on  the  succeeding  segments  these  patches  are  indicated  by  a  slight  sprinkling  of  black 
scales,  beneath  the  abdomen  is  entirely  yellowish  white  scaled  ;  legs  with  femora  and 
tibise  pale  ochreous  yellow  scaled  with  a  sprinkling  of  black  scales,  which  becomes 
heaviest  towards  the  apices  of  the  tibiae,  first  tarsal  joint  yellowish  scaled  sprinkled 
with  black,  the  black  becoming  heavier  towards  the  apex,  the  apex  ringed  with  yel- 
low-white, second  third  and  fourth  joints  blackish  above,  ringed  at  both  ends  with 
yellowish  white,  the  last  joint  entirely  yellowish  white,  the  tarsi  show  a  brassy  luster 
which  tends  to  obscure  the  markings,  on  the  fore  tarsi  the  markings  are  more  or  less 
obsolete  ;  wing-veins  clothed  with  narrow  dull  yellowish  white  scales  with  a  slight 
sprinkling  of  black  ones.      Claws  all  toothed.      Length,  5  mm. 

$ .  —  Palpi  about  as  long  as  the  probroscis,  clothed  with  yellowish  and  dark 
scales  intermixed,  the  pale  scales  predominating,  the  apical  half  with  lateral  long 
dense  ferruginous  and  brown  hairs  with  silky  luster;  antennae  rather  short,  densely 
plumose,  the  hairs  pale  brown  and  ferruginous  with  silky  luster  ;  abdomen  long, 
depressed  on  the  apical  half,  clothed  with  dull  yellowish  white  scales,  the  lateral 
hairs  abundant,  pale  yellow  with  silky  luster.      Length,  5.5  mm. 

Fourteen  specimens,  Oxbow,  Saskatchewan,  Canada  (F.  Knab)  ; 
Regina,  Carnduff  and  Qu'Apelle,  Saskatchewan,  Canada  (T.  N. 
WilHng,  through  Dr.  J.  Fletcher)  ;  Elsinore,  Utah  (E.  S.  G.  Titus)  ; 
Salt  Lake,  Utah  (H.  S.  Barber). 

Type. — No.  10874,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Aedes  riparius,  new  species. 

9  .  —  Proboscis  slender,  dark  scaled  with  a  sprinklingof  lighter  yellowish  scales- 
particularly  towards  the  base  ;  palpi  short,  dark  scaled,  with  the  apex  and  the  median 
segment  lighter  scaled  ;  occiput  yellow  scaled  with  brassy  luster,  a  large  brown  spot 


214  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

on  each  side  of  the  middle  and  another  one  well  down  the  side ;  prothoracic  lobes 
yellow  scaled  ;  mesonotum  bright  ferruginous  brown  with  silky  luster,  at  the  bases  of 
the  wings  and  on  the  antescutellar  area  light  yellow  scaled,  two  submedian  narrow 
longitudinal  yellow  lines  reach  the  base  on  each  side  of  the  antescutellar  area;  scu- 
tellum  yellow  scaled,  the  setpe  abundant  and  concolorous  with  the  scales;  metanotum 
brown  ;  postscutellum  clothed  with  dull  yellowish  white  scales  and  with  pale  hairs  ; 
abdomen  clothed  principally  with  light  scales  above,  at  the  bases  of  the  segments 
the  scaling  is  dull  yellowish  white  and  shades  oft'  into  a  light  ferruginous  on  the  lighter 
scales,  on  the  apical  two  thirds  of  the  segments  there  is  a  strong  sprinkling  of  dusky 
scales  which  becomes  predominant  on  the  second,  third  and  fourth  segments,  beneath 
the  abdomen  is  entirely  yellowish  white  scaled  ;  legs  with  the  femora  and  tibiae  pale 
ochreous  scaled  with  a  sprinkling  of  blackish  scales  which  becomes  very  heavy  at  the 
apices,  particularly  on  the  tibiae  ;  tarsi  black,  with  very  broad  basal  yellowish  white 
rings.  Claws  all  toothed.  Wing-scales  brown,  heavily  sprinkled  with  yellow  ones 
in  the  costal  region,  the  scales  long  and  narrow.      Length  5.5   mm. 

^  .  —  Palpi  slightly  longer  than  the  proboscis,  clothed  with  dusky  and  yellowish 
scales,  which  latter  tend  to  form  bands,  the  apical  half  densely  clothed  with  brown 
and  pale  ferruginous  hairs  with  a  silky  luster  ;  abdomen  long  and  slender,  the  apical 
half  depressed,  the  marginal  cilia  long  and  dense,  pale  yellow.     Length,  6  mm. 

Si.xty-eight  specimens,  Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  Canada  (F.  Knab), 
found  along  the  banks  of  the  Assiniboine  River,  among  the  trees. 
The  female  bites  both  by  day  and  night. 

Tj>J>e. — No.  10875,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Culex  egberti,  new  species. 

9-  — Proboscis  moderately  long  and  slender,  swollen  towards  the  tip,  roughly 
black  scaled  ;  palpi  short,  black  ;  occiput  dark  scaled,  margins  of  the  eyes  dull  whitish 
scaled  ;  mesonotum  brown  scaled  ;  pleura  dark  brownish  with  patches  of  whitish 
scales ;  metanotum  dark  brown  ;  abdomen  depressed,  truncate  at  tip,  black  scaled 
above,  without  metallic  luster,  the  segments  with  narrow  white  basal  bands  which  are 
broadened  at  the  sides,  beneath  with  broad  white  basal  bands  ;  legs  black  scaled  with 
bronzy  luster,  the  femora  light  scaled  beneath  ;  claws  equal  and  simple  ;  scales  of  the 
wings  long  and  dense,  broad  on  some  of  the  veins,  uniformly  brown.     Length,  3  mm. 

Three  specimens,  Warner's  Camp,  North  Shore  of  Lake  Okeecho- 
bee, Florida  (J.  H.  Egbert). 

Type.  —  No.  10876,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Named  in  honor  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Egbert,  who  collected  these  and 
other  interesting  mosquitoes  in  central  Florida.  Two  of  the  specimens 
are  distended  with  blood. 


Dec,  1907.]        Knab  :    Mosquitoes  as  Flower  Visitors.  215 

MOSQUITOES  AS  FLOWER  VISITORS. 

By  Frederick  Knab, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

In  discussions  of  the  feeding  habits  of  mosquitoes  one  often  finds 
the  statement  that  mosquitoes  suck  the  juices  of  plants  and  visit  flowers 
to  obtain  honey.  Generally,  however,  no  details  are  given  that  would 
convince  one  that  these  statements  are  based  upon  actual  observation. 
During  the  past  season  I  found  a  species  of  mosquito  frequenting 
flowers  in  large  numbers.  It  was  obvious  from  the  behavior  of  these 
mosquitoes  that  the  habit  is  quite  normal  with  them.  Confident  that 
the  habit,  of  mosquitoes,  of  visiting  flowers  could  not  have  altogether 
escaped  observation  I  made  a  hasty  canvas  of  the  available  literature 
and  brought  together  the  following  records  of  a  more  definite 
character. 

Theobald  states  :  "I  have  frequently  seen  Culicidse  settled  on  Com- 
positse,  sucking  the  juices  of  the  flowers,  both  males  and  females."  ^ 
According  to  Giles  "they  are  frequently  found  on  flowers,  and 
especially  in  England  on  the  catkins  of  the  willow."  f  Ficalbi  found 
the  first  male  of  his  Culex  albopunctatus  upon  a  flower,  sucking  the 
honey,  and  upon  searching  the  woods  he  found  numbers  of  the  males 
thus  engaged  upon  flowers  of  the  same  kind.  %  A  number  of  records 
were  traced  through  Knuth's  Handbuch  der  Bliitenbiologie.  Hermann 
Miiller  has  observed  the  male  of  Culex  pipiens  sucking  on  the  flowers 
of  Rhafnnus  frangiila.^  He  has  observed,  in  his  room,  this  same 
species  of  mosquito  effecting  the  fertilization  of  Lopezia  coronata  by 
releasing  the  pollen  and  transmitting  it  to  the  stigma  of  an  older 
flower,  II  Burkill  in  observations  on  the  flower-visitors  of  Mentha 
aquatica,  made  at  Scarborough  between  September  20  and  October  7, 
found  an  Anopheles  species  "•  four  times,  seemingly  sucking  honey."  ** 
The  sex  is  not  indicated. 


*  Theobald,  F.  V.  :  Monogr.  Culicidte,  Vol.  I,  1901,  p.  69. 

f  Giles,  G.  M.  :   Handbook  of  Gnats  or  Mosquitoes,  2  ed.,  1902,  p.  114. 

X  P'icalbi,    E.  :  Venti   specie   di  zanzare   (Culicidie)    italiane.      Bull.   Soc.   Ent. 
Ital.,  Vol.  XXXI,  1899,  pp.  107,  186. 

§  Miiller,  H.  :  Die  Befruchtung  der  Blumen  durch  Insekten,   1873,  p.  153. 

IJZ.  ..,p.  198. 
**  Willis,  J.  C.  &  I.  H.  Burkill  :   Flowers   and  Insects  in  Great  Britain,   Pt.   I, 
Annals  of  Botany,  Vol.  IX,  1895,  p.  256. 


216  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

The  foregoing  records  are  all  European.  Several  American 
observers  have  noted  mosquitoes  on  flowers.  Robertson,  in  a  list  of 
insects  found  on  the  flowers  of  Ceanothus  amen canus  between  June  19 
and  29  includes  an  undetermined  species  of  Culicidae.  *  Smith  has 
found  the  males  of  Aedes  soUicitafis  "  in  great  numbers  in  wild  cherry 
blossoms  in  the  early  evening,  apparently  busied  in  getting  at  the 
nectar.  Females  have  been  observed  at  the  same  time  ;  but  apparently 
these  abandoned  the  vegetable  food  readily,  when  the  animal  odor 
advised  them  of  something  more  to  their  taste."  %  Dr.  Graenicher 
lists  Aedes  stimiilaus  among  the  flower-visitors  of  Smilax  herbacea  and 
Smilax  hispida.  §  No  further  data  are  given  and  upon  inquiry  Dr. 
Graenicher  informed  me  that  he  has  no  notes  which  would  supply 
details  regarding  these  observations.  However  he  has  very  kindly 
furnished  me  the  following  interesting  observations  upon  Aedes  sylves- 
tris,  recently  made  by  him,  which  I  give  verbatim. 

"  At  the  beginning  of  August,  while  collecting  the  visitors  of  our 
earliest  species  of  goldenrod,  Solidago  juncea,  I  came  across  a  species 
of  Culex  on  two  different  occasions.  Before  writing  to  you  on  this 
subject  I  preferred  to  follow  up  the  matter  more  closely.  Last  Sun- 
day [Sept.  i]  the  opportunity  presented  itself,  and  I  found  Culex  sy/- 
vestris  Theo.  (determined  by  Mr.  C.  T.  Brues,  Public  Museum  of 
Milwaukee)  on  the  flowers  of  the  following  three  species  oi  Solidago  : 
hmcea  Ait.,  canadensis  L.,  and  lanceolata  E.  (^Euthamia  graminifolia 
(L.)  Nutt.  in  Britton's  Manual).  This  species  of  Culex  is  common 
in  our  region,  and  it  was  well  represented  on  the  flowers  throughout 
the  afternoon,  but  especially  towards  evening.  Males  and  females 
were  present,  both  eagerly  sucking  nectar.  By  approaching  them 
cautiously  I  was  able  to  observe  their  actions  very  distinctly  with  the 
aid  of  a  lens.  During  the  earlier  part  of  the  afternoon  the  females 
(which  by  some  are  supposed  to  partake  of  animal  juices  only)  were 
present  in  greater  numbers  than  the  males,  but  later  on  both  sexes 
were  about  equally  represented." 

My  own  observations  were  made  last  spring  upon  Aedes  spenceri 

*  Robertson,  Ch.  :  Flowers  and  insects,  III.  Bot.  Gazette,  Vol.  XIV,  1889, 
p.  304. 

f  Howard,  L.  O.  :  Mosquitoes,  1902,  p.  36,  and  Smith,  J.  B.  :  Report,  mosqui- 
toes of  N.  J.,  1904,  pp.  27,  203. 

J  Graenicher,  S.  :  Flowers  adapted  to  flesh-flies.  Bull.  Wise.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc, 
Vol.  I,  no.  I,  1902,  pp.  33,  34. 


Dec,  1907. J        Knab  :    Mosquitoes  as  Flower  Visitors.  217 

Theo.  during  my  stay  in  Saskatchewan.  I  shall  give  some  particulars 
of  the  life  history  of  this  species  as  they  throw  some  light  on  its  feed- 
ing habits.  This  species  develops  in  immense  numbers  from  the 
numerous  ditches  and  temporary  pools  of  snow-water  scattered  over 
the  prairie.  The  females  are  voracious  blood-suckers  and  in  the 
early  part  of  the  summer  make  life  on  the  prairie  a  torture  for  man 
and  beast.  The  species  is  strictly  diurnal.  The  season  was  an  unusu- 
ally late  one  this  year  and  the  first  mosquitoes  were  seen  flying  on 
May  30.  The  first  males  were  seen  swarming  on  June  5.  After 
several  cold,  damp  days  the  mosquitoes  were  again  active  on  June 
9,  the  females  biting,  the  males  swarming.  The  following  day  there 
was  a  very  high  wind  which  confined  the  mosquitoes  to  their  retreats 
in  the  grass.  June  11  was  a  hot  day  with  only  light  wind.  On  an 
excursion  into  the  prairie,  early  in  the  afternoon,  the  female  mos- 
quitoes were  found  much  fewer  in  number,  perhaps  as  a  result  of  the 
great  heat.  No  males  were  seen  swarming,  as  had  been  the  case  on 
previous  favorable  days.  However,  upon  examining  the  willow  bushes 
along  the  margins  of  ponds  and  ditches  the  males  were  found  in 
numbers  upon  the  willow  catkins.  Often  there  were  five  or  six  on 
one  catkin,  confining  themselves  to  that  part  of  it  which  was  in  full 
bloom.  They  climbed  about  on  the  stamens  and  probed  down 
amongst  them  to  get  the  honey.  They  appeared  very  eager  in  this 
work,  plunging  the  proboscis  down  for  a  second  then  quickly  with- 
drawing it  to  reinsert  it  in  another  place,  sometimes  even  scrambling 
over  each  other  in  their  eagerness.  The  palpi,  together  with  the 
antennae,  are  held  erect  nearly  at  right  angles  to  the  proboscis.  There 
were  also  a  few  females  at  the  willow  catkins,  feeding  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  males  but  less  eagerly.  The  following  day,  June  12, 
was  warm  but  very  windy.  Along  the  river  bank  the  mosquitoes 
were  again  found  abundant  upon  the  willow  blooms,  and  this  in  spite 
of  the  high  wind  which  must  have  made  it  very  difficult  for  them  to 
maintain  their  position.  As  before,  most  of  the  mosquitoes  on  the 
catkins  were  males.  Although  there  was  an  abundance  of  flowers  of 
various  kinds  on  the  prairie  at  this  time  none  of  these  were  visited  by 
the  mosquitoes.  A  period  of  continuous  violent  wind  followed. 
When  this  had  subsided  the  mosquitoes  were  again  investigated  on 
June  18.  The  males  had  now  nearly  all  disappeared;  there  were 
none  upon  the  willow  catkins  and  only  a  very  few  could  be  obtained 
by  beating. 


218  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society,       [Voi.  xv. 

Several  points  are  brought  out  by  these  data.  The  life  of  the  male 
mosquito  does  not,  at  the  most,  extend  over  more  than  two  weeks. 
The  males  do  not  appear  to  take  food  until  after  the  period  of  swarm- 
ing or  copulation,  nor,  in  spite  of  the  food  taken,  do  they  survive  long 
after  the  mating  period.  The  females  probably  only  resort  to  flowers 
when  very  hungry  and  blood  is  not  obtainable.  It  should  be  borne 
in  mind  that  these  deductions  apply  in  particular  to  Aedes  spenceri. 
Now  that  we  are  more  familiar  with  the  habits  of  individual  species  of 
mosquitoes  it  is  obvious  that  no  statements  which  apply  generally  can 
be  made  from  observations  on  the  habits  of  one  species.  Thus, 
according  to  Dr.  Graenicher's  observations,  the  females  of  Aedes 
sylvestris  visit  flowers  in  equal  numbers  with  the  males.  This  species, 
although  a  well-known  blood-sucker,'  is  not  so  agressive  and  persistent 
in  its  quest  for  blood  as  Aedes  spenceri.  Moreover  it  is  crepuscular  in 
habit  and  therefore  most  abundant  on  the  flowers  in  the  evening, 
w^hile  Aedes  j/'<?;/r<?// frequents  them  during  the  day.  Aedes  soUicitaiis, 
both  sexes  of  which  have  been  observed  by  Smith  upon  flowers,  is 
noted  as  a  most  persistent  blood-sucker.  In  fact  in  all  the  species 
recorded  in  the  foregoing  as  flower  visitors  the  females  suck  blood. 
In  these  hfematophagous  females  the  nectar  of  flowers  may  be  con- 
sidered as  a  supplementary  food  which  prevents  starvation  when  blood 
is  not  available.  With  the  males  nectar  appears  to  be  the  natural 
food.  It  is  hardly  to  be  supposed  that  species  of  mosquitoes  limit 
themselves  to  particular  flowers  nor  is  there  any  structuial  modification 
that  would  indicate  adaptation  to  certain  flowers,  such  as  exists,  for 
example,  in  the  flower-visiting  Hymenoptera.  The  great  diversity  of 
flowers  visited  by  mosquitoes  bears  this  out.  With  the  mosquitoes  it 
is  probably  merely  a  question  of  easy  accessibility  of  the  nectar  and 
also  of  the  season  in  which  a  particular  species  of  mosquito  makes  its 
appearance.  As  the  appearance  of  many  species  of  mosquitoes  is 
regulated  by  conditions  of  rainfall  which  vary  from  year  to  year,  the 
flowers  available  to  a  given  species  cannot  always  be  the  same. 

There  are  a  considerable  number  of  species  of  mosquitoes  which 
do  not  suck  blood  at  all  and  of  the  feeding  habits  of  these  we  know 
nothing.  Such  are  a  few  of  our  common  species.  The  little  pitcher- 
plant  mosquito,  Wyeomyia  smithii  Q,0(\.,  does  not  suck  blood.  Neither 
does  Culex  territans  Walk.,  a  very  common  species  throughout  the 
summer  in  eastern  North  America.  Culex  meianuriis  Coq.  apparently 
does  not  bite.     These  species  probably  obtain  nourishment  from  plants 


i^ec,  1907.]  Dyar  :    New  York  Slug-Caterpillars.  219 

in  some  form  or  other.     Observations  on  the  habits  of  such  species 
are  yet  to  be  made. 

In  conclusion  I  wish  to  place  on  record  an  observation  on  Megar- 
hiniis  septentriotialis  D.  &  K.,  our  largest  mosquito.  On  July  14  of 
this  year  I  found  a  female  of  this  species  at  Glen  Carlyn,  Va.,  probing 
for  honey  upon  a  cyme  of  Hydrangea  arborescens  L.  The  mosquitoes 
of  the  genus  Megarhimis  are  so  rare  that  very  little  is  known  of  their 
habits,  but  it  appears  quite  certain  that  they  do  not  attack  animals, 
indeed,  their  proboscis  is  unfit  for  piercing  the  skin.  Probably  they 
feed  wholly  upon  the  nectar  of  flowers,  but  as  they  are  very  rare,  even 
in  their  proper  home  —  the  tropics,  and  withal  very  shy,  it  is  not 
strange  that  they  have  escaped  observation. 


Class  I,  Hexapoda. 

Order  V,  LEPIDOPTERA. 

THE   LIFE   HISTORIES  OF  THE   NEW  YORK 
SLUG-CATERPILLARS.  —XIX. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar,   Ph.D., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  series  of  papers  under  this  title  ceased  in  1899  with  the 
description  oi  Natada  nasoni  Grt.,  and  a  concluding  general  account 
was  given.  I  am  now  enabled  to  add  another  life  history  of  a  species 
found  in  New  York  state,  at  least  occasionally,  as  Mr.  Joutel  has  taken 
the  larvae  on  Staten  Island. 

Isochabtes  beutenmuelleri  Hy.  Edw. 

1887  —  Liviacodes  beutenmuelleTiYix .  EDWARDS,  Can.  Ent.,  xix,  145. 
1892  —  Semyra  beutenmuelleri  YJi'&v.Y,  Cat.  Lep.  Het. ,  i,  534. 

1894  —  Seviyra  beutenmuelleri  Neumoegen  &  Dyar,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  ii,  71. 

1895  —  Phohetron  beutentnuelleri  Dyar,  Can.  Ent.,  xxvii,  245. 

1899  —  hochcetes  beutenmuellei-i  Hyak,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  vii,  208. 

1902  —  Isoch(Btes  beutenmi/llej-i  T)\\K,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  356,  no.  4090. 

1905 — ■  Isochoetes  beutenmuelleii  D^AK,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxix,  387. 

Larva. 
1878  —  Glover,  111.  No.  Am.  Ent.,  pi.  11,  fig.  i  ;   pi.  20,  fig.  40  (no  name). 
1899  —  Dyar,  Troc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wa.sh.,  iv,  300  (larva  no.  2). 
1899  —  Dyar,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  vii,  209,  236. 
1902  —  Joutel,  Journ.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  ix,  190. 


220  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

Special  Structural  Characters. 
Outline  elliptical,  exclusive  of  the  appendages  ;  dorsal  space  even, 
broad  flat  ;  lateral  space  broad,  subventral  moderate,  not  retracted, 
the  spaces  continuous,  not  separated  by  ridges,  which  are  indicated  by 
the  changes  in  direction  of  slope  of  the  spaces.  Tubercles  greatly 
modified  as  in  Phobetron pithecium,  the  first  stage  also  as  in  that  species, 
single  everted  spines  with  the  basal  half  thickened,  all  alike.  Tuber- 
cle iii  of  joint  5  is  absent.  There  result  three  warts  on  joints  3  and  4, 
one  on  joint  5,  and  two  each  on  joints  6  to  13,  though  only  a  trace  of 
the  lower  one  of  joint  13  remains.  The  warts  are  produced  into  fleshy 
appendages,  which  are  easily  detachable,  and  deciduous  at  maturity. 
They  are  capable  of  regeneration  in  the  earlier  stages.  Those  of  joint 
3,  the  two  lowe.r  of  4  and  all  the  abdominal  lateral  row  are  small, 
conical,  contracted  at  base  and  bear  but  i^w  hairs  toward  the  tip. 
The  subdorsals  of  joints  4  to  12  are  much  more  highly  modified. 
They  are  applied  by  very  broad  bases,  though  the  actual  attachment  is 
small,  and  cover  nearly  all  of  the  dorsal  and  upper  half  of  the  lateral 
spaces,  the  fringing  hairs  finally  obscuring  the  sides  and  lateral  hairs 
from  view.  The  terminal  horn,  bearing  seta  ii,  is  long  and  slender  ;  at 
its  base  is  a  prominent  circular  bulb  which  bears  seta  i  at  its  outer 
side  ;  finally  in  the  dorsal  space  is  a  pair  of  sparsely  haired  processes 
for  each  horn  and  another  such  in  the  lateral  space,  which  appear  to 
function  as  supporting  structures.  They  are  basal  prolongations  of 
the  appendages.  The  warts  bear  at  first  stiff,  smooth,  pale  setae. 
Gradually  these  become  converted  into  a  series  of  fine  feathered  hairs, 
smooth  at  base  and  banded  with  black  pigment,  which  replaced  the 
smooth  hairs  nearly  entirely,  covering  the  larva  with  a  dense  fluffy 
coat,  partially  obscuring  all  the  structures  and  giving  the  general 
appearance  of  a  green  hairy  disk.  The  skin  is  covered  with  a  sparse 
coating  of  colorless  hairs  from  rather  large  clear  tubercles.  Depressed 
spaces  imperceptible.  The  skin  is  very  thick  and  transparent,  which 
gives  a  glassy  appearance  to  the  larva  ;  the  centers  of  the  horns  appear 
as  small  green  cores  in  a  tube  of  glass  and  the  basal  forks  of  the  sub- 
dorsal horns  are  especially  bright  and  shining.  In  the  first  stage  the 
tubercles  are  represented  by  single  long  spines  of  equal  length  through- 
out, the  subdorsals  of  joints  5,7,9  and  1 1  only  differentiated  by  a  slight 
difference  in  direction  of  slope.  In  the  immediately  following  stages 
the  subdorsal  appendages  of  joints  7,  9  and  11  are  much  shorter  than 
the  others,  exactly  as  in  Phobetron  pitJiecium,  but  toward  maturity  all 


Dec,  i(,o7.]  Dyar  :    New  York  Slug-Caterpillars..  221 

the  appendages  become  equally  long.      The  laterals  of  these  segments 
are  also  slightly  shorter  than  the  other  laterals. 

These  segments,  5,  7,  9  and  11  seem  to  be  "weak"  segments, 
like  joint  11  \n  A  crony  eta,  which  Dr.  Chapman  has  described.  The 
weakness  is  shown,  in  the  Phobetron  group  of  species,  on  joint  5  by  the 
absence  of  the  lateral  horn  ;  on  7,  9  and  1 1  by  the  alternation  of  the 
setae  in  stage  I  and  the  shortness  of  the  horns  on  those  segments 
subsequently. 

Affinities,  Habits,  Etc. 

The  larva  is  closely  allied  to  Phobetron  pitliecium  Sm.  &  Abb.,  and 
to  Alarodia  slossonice  Pack.  In  color,  the  equal  length  of  the  horns, 
and  less  closely  in  the  hair  structure  it  is  nearest  slossonice  ;  but  in  the 
number  of  the  horns  and  their  arrangement  and  the  narrowness  of  the 
dorsal  space  it  is  identical  ■wixh  pitheciion.  The  adults,  too,  present  a 
sexual  dimorphism,  and  are  somewhat  similarly  colored  to  pitheciiim, 
to  which  on  the  whole,  it  is  most  nearly  allied.  In  this  species  the 
subdorsals  of  joints  4  to  1 1  only  are  functional,  while  \x\  slossonice  X^o^^ 
of  3  to  I  2  are  so  and  the  side  horns  are  much  more  completely  sup- 
pressed than  in  beiiteumiielleri  and  pitliecium.  Beiitentnuelleri  is 
structurally  congeneric  with  pitheciiiin.  Its  adaptation  is  different  ; 
being  glass-green  with  whitish  fluffy  hair,  and  this  probably  necessi- 
tates the  equal  length  of  the  horns.  Otherwise  the  larvie  differ  but 
slightly.  The  lateral  horns  are  longer  and  slenderer  than  m  pitheciiim, 
and  their  hairy  coating  has  more  degenerated.  The  subdorsals  have 
the  basal  bulbs  circular  and  prominent,  not  flattened-cordate,  and  their 
dorsal  forks  are  slenderer  and  interlace  on  the  back.  The  hairs  remain 
long  and  less  specialized  than  in  pitheciiim.  The  horns  are  more 
readily  detachable.  In  slossonice  the  horns  remain  attached  throughout 
life  and  are  found  within  the  cocoon  ;  in  pitheciiim,  they  are  shed 
spontaneously  at  the  time  of  spinning,  and  are  found  attached  to  the 
outside  of  the  cocoon  ;  but  in  beutenmiielleri  they  are  shed  in  a  mass  as 
soon  as  the  larva  has  ceased  feeding  and  before  it  leaves  the  tree  to  seek  a 
place  to  undergo  its  transformations.  During  life,  a  slight  touch  serves 
to  detach  the  horns,  which  are  nevertheless  not  deciduous  at  moulting. 
The  species  ranges  along  the  coastal  region  to  the  foot  of  the  Ap- 
palachians, from  northern  Florida  to  southern  New  York.  It  should 
occur  on  Long  Island,  though  I  have  not  found  it  there.  It  probably 
ranges  along  the  Gulf  coast  to  Texas,  although  all  records  are  lacking, 


222  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

and  perhaps  in  the  Mississippi  valley  west  as  far  as  the  forests  extend. 
The  species  is  single  brooded,  the  adults  emerging  during  July,  the 
larvae  maturing  in  September  and  October.  There  is  no  special  food 
plant,  any  smooth-leaved  tree  in  the  right  location  will  serve.  The 
usual  trees  inhabited  by  Limacodids  are  chosen,  the  small-leaved  red 
oak  being  the  favorite.  Location  is  more  important  than  the  particu- 
lar tree,  the  larvae  preferring  overhanging  boughs  without  close  under- 
growth, generally  about  five  feet  from  the  ground,  never  low  down. 
On  large  trees  they  may  occur  at  a  considerable  altitude.  The  eggs 
are  laid  singly  and  generally  well  scattered,  seldom  many  larvae  occur- 
ring on  one  tree,  usually  but  one.  They  are  placed  on  the  back  of  the 
leaf,  not  adjacent  to  a  rib.  ■  The  young  larvae  at  first  eat  little  holes 
through  the  lower  epidermis  and  parenchyma  and  travel  about  a  good 
deal,  especially  between  the  stages,  although  of  course  never  leaving 
the  original  tree.  Later  they  eat  the  whole  leaf  from  the  end,  as  is 
the  general  habit  of  the  family.  The  larva,  after  shedding  its  horns, 
leaves  the  tree  and  spins  a  small  hard  round  cocoon  on  the  ground, 
where  the  winter  is  passed. 

Criticism  of  Previous  Descriptions. 

The  larva  was  figured  by  Glover  nine  years  before  the  adult  was 
known.  I  have  commented  on  his  figures,  in  which  the  bulbs  of  the 
subdorsal  horns  were  interpreted  by  me  as  the  horns  themselves  and 
the  horns  as  laterals,  owing  to  a  wrong  appearance  given  by  the  fig- 
ures. I  have  also  quoted  the  notes  on  the  larva  preserved  in  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  written,  I  think,  by  Mr.  Pergande,  in  which 
an  attempt  is  made  to  describe  the  peculiar  structure  of  the  tubercles, 
which  is  really  scarcely  understandable  when  taken  alone,  without 
comparison  with  allied  forms.  A  good  idea  of  the  beautiful  appear- 
ance of  this  insect  is  given  in  the  account.  I  sent  formerly  photographs 
of  the  mature  larva  to  Mr.  A.  R.  Grote,  who  exhibited  them  before 
the  entomological  society  at  Hildesheim.  He  reported  that  the  society 
was  struck  dumb,  having  never  imagined  that  a  larva  could  have  such 
a  strange  and  beautiful  appearance.  "The  creature,  as  it  moves, 
seems  to  be  one  mass  of  delicate  floss  of  finely  spun  glass,"  as  de- 
scribed in  the  Agriculture  notes,  to  which  may  be  added  that  the  spun 
glass  rests  upon  a  series  of  clear  green  cones  with  a  row  of  beads  at 
their  bases. 


Dec,  1907. J  Dyar  :    New  York  Slug-Caterpillars.  223 

Description  of  the  Several  Stages  in  Detail. 

AiT-  —  Elliptical,  flat;  shell  white,  evidently  colorless  and  transparent,  shining 
like  a  drop  of  water  as  usual;  reticulations  faint,  angular.  Size,  1.4  X^'^  mm. 
(Chain  Bridge,  Va. )  ;    l.i  X  l.o  mm.  (Tryon,  N.  C. ). 

Stage  I. —  Elliptical,  somewhat  flattened  dorsally,  the  anterior  end  thickened, 
tail  slightly  tapering  ;  all  smooth  shining  translucent  whitish,  the  food  giving  a  green 
tint.  Head  small,  white,  concealed  in  joint  2.  Spines  long,  tapered,  single,  with  a 
false  central  joint,  three  rows  on  the  thorax,  two  on  the  abdomen  (except  joint  5), 
as  in  Fhobetron  pithecium ;  colorless,  whitish.  The  alternate  ones  on  joints  7,  9 
and  1 1  of  the  subdorsal  row  lean  outward.  Lateral  row  equally  long  and  alike,  uni- 
form. The  subdorsal  ridge  is  a  little  more  opaquely  whitish  than  the  rest.  Length, 
I  to  1.6  mm. 

Stage  II. — Elliptical,  thick,  flattened;  subdorsal  horns  thickly  conical,  short, 
placed  around  the  subdorsal  margin,  of  about  equal  length  except  three  pairs,  which 
are  very  short  and  the  posterior  pair,  which  is  intermediate.  There  are  three  long 
horns  before,  then  three  short  ones,  alternating  with  two  long  ones,  and  last  the  inter- 
mediate posterior  pair.  Bases  of  horns  roundedly  thickened,  leaving  a  narrow  dor- 
sal groove.  All  sparsely  covered  with  short,  pale  hairs.  Lateral  horns  minute,  con- 
cealed. Translucent  whitish  green,  like  glass.  Head  whitish,  within  the  hood  of 
joint  2.     Length,  1.4  to  2.4mm. 

Stage  III.  — Elliptical,  flattened  ;  dorsal  space  narrow,  groove-like  between  the 
bases  of  the  horns;  lateral  and  subventral  spaces  also  small,  mostly  occupied  by  the 
large  bases  of  the  subdorsal  horns;  these  are  situated  on  joints  4  to  12,  long,  blunt 
and  rather  thick,  a  little  tapering  and  projecting  laterally,  parallel  to  the  leaf  and  not 
far  above  it,  of  equal  length  except  the  fourth,  sixth  and  eighth  pairs  which  are  about 
two  thirds  the  length  of  the  others.  Horns  of  joint  3,  the  lateral  ones  the  whole 
length  and  the  subdorsal  of  13  short,  shaped  like  the  subdorsal  ones  but  about  one 
eighth  their  length  and  obscured  from  dorsal  view.  The  subdorsals  have  at  the  base 
above  a  round,  button-like  prominence,  distinctly  constricted  off"  from  the  horn  and 
as  high  as  wide.  Hairs  moderately  numerous,  on  all  the  horns,  short,  stift",  color- 
less, with  tubercular  bases.  Color  green,  mostly  in  the  tips  of  the  horns.  The  skin 
is  thick  and  transparent,  the  pigment  forming  a  small  green  core  in  the  horns.  Skin 
with  sparse  flne  clear  granules.  There  are  only  smooth  sette  on  the  horns  except  the 
terminal  primary  ones  (ii)  which  are  more  slender  and  have  a  truncate  conical  base. 
The  subdorsal  horns  have  a  small  cordate  base  dorsad  of  the  rounded  knob.  Skin 
glassy,  shining.  Length  2.4  to  3.7  mm.  (Tryon,  N.  C. ) ;  to  2.9  mm.  (Rosslyn,  Va., 
No.  i)  ;   to  3.2  mm.  (Rosslyn,  Va.,  No.  2)  ;  to  3.8  mm.  (Chain  Bridge,  Va. ). 

Stage  IV.  —  Subdorsal  horns  all  long  and  equal  (Rosslyn,  Va.,  No.  3)  or  those 
of  joints  7,  9  and  II  still  shorter  than  the  others,  about  three  fourths  their  length 
(Rosslyn,  Va.,  No.  l);  otherwise  the  same  in  shape  and  color.  There  are  three 
horns  on  joint  3,  the  upper  one  quite  long,  but  subordinate  to  the  others  of  the  sub- 
dorsal row  and  without  the  basal  button,  the  middle  one  small,  the  lower  very 
small.  Three  horns  on  joint  4,  the  upper  a  functional  horn,  the  others  in  a  pair 
below  it.  Subdorsals  of  joints  5-12  equal  to  the  subdorsal  of  4  and  very  nearly  uni- 
form ;  subdorsal  of  13  quite  small,  subordinated.  Laterals  of  joints  6  to  12  small, 
but  all  haired  like  the  subdorsals.  Basal  buttons  hemispherical  with  the  same  clear 
spiny  hairs.     Skin  finely  setose-granular.      Color  green  from  the  horn-cores  as  before. 


224  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

The  hairs  on  the  bases  of  the  bulbs  and  horns  are  simple,  but  a  few  of  those  towards 
the  tips  are  lengthened  out  and  spinulose  as  in  Alarodia  slossonice.  The  dorsal 
groove  appears  darker  than  the  rest.  During  the  stage,  the  horns  in  the  second 
example  (Rosslyn,  Va. ,  No.  i)  became  all  the  same  length,  the  short  ones  growing 
out.  Length,  2.9  to  5.1  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  l);  3.2  to  4.4  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  2); 
104.6  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  3);  3.8  to  5  mm.  (Chain  Bridge). 

Stage  V.  —  F"lattened  elliptical,  the  radiating  horns  forming  a  flat  disk  ;  dorsal 
groove  narrow,  edged  by  the  round  bulbs  of  the  horns  of  joints  4  to  11,  the  horn  of 
joint  12  small.  Horns  nearly  equal,  those  of  joints  4  to  6  a  little  shorter,  especially 
in  front,  gradually  becoming  longer  posteriorly.  Green,  especially  the  outer  two 
thirds  of  the  horns,  the  body  more  whitish  ;  dorsal  groove  darker.  Hairs  more 
numerous  than  before,  all  simple  on  the  basal  bulbs  but  of  dififerent  lengths,  shorter 
around  the  bases  of  the  horns  ;  at  the  ends  of  the  subdorsal  horns  many  of  the  hairs 
are  lengthened  and  finely  feathery  spinulose  beyond  the  base,  forming  a  fringe  that 
fills  up  the  space  between  the  hoins,  the  whole  composing  a  flat  disk  and  touching 
the  leaf.  Side  horns  all  obscured.  Skin  setose-granular  as  before.  The  basal  fork 
of  the  subdorsal  horns  is  small  and  obscure,  dominated  by  the  large,  nearly  spherical 
bulb  that  corresponds  to  tubercle  i.  The  green  color  is  very  like  that  of  the  leaf. 
Length,  4.6  to  6.3  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  3)  ;  5  to  5.2  mm.  (Chain  Bridge)  ;  5.1  to  7 
mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  i). 

Stage  VI.  ^ Shape  and  appearance  the  same.  The  dorsal  groove  is  very  narrow, 
the  forked  bases  of  the  subdorsal  horns  almost  touching,  the  two  rows  of  nine  bulbs 
separated  by  about  their  own  width,  except  those  of  joints  4  and  12,  which  touch. 
Horns  of  joints  4  to  12  moderately  long,  horizontal,  alike,  the  anterior  ones  only  a 
little  shorter.  Whitish  green,  the  distal  part  of  the  horns  brighter  green.  Hairs  on 
the  bulbs  all  simple  with  enlarged  bases,  numerous  ;  terminal  primitive  seta  of  the 
long  horn  simple,  all  the  fringe-hair  finely  barbuled  beyond  the  base  ;  many  of  the 
short  hairs  on  the  dorsal  aspect  of  the  horn  have  the  distal  half  densely  feathered. 
Head  round,  green,  about  .8  mm.  wide.  Skin  granules  small,  remote,  bearing  rather 
long  pale  setae  Length,  5.2  to  7.5  mm.  (Chain  Bridge)  ;  6.3  to  8.2  mm.  (Rosslyn, 
No.  3)  ;  7  to  9.5  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  i). 

Stage  VII.  — As  before.  All  bright  green,  shining  under  the  hairs,  so  as  to  be 
a  pale,  glassy  color,  only  the  very  tips  of  the  long  horns  yellowish  green.  Horns 
flat,  spreading  longitudinally,  the  whole  larva  very  flat,  its  dorsal  groove  narrow  and 
edged  by  the  circular  knobs  as  before.  Anterior  pair  of  subdorsal  horns  (joint  4) 
rather  shorter  and  a  litt'e  curved  backward  ;  the  last  pair  (joint  12)  also  rather 
shorter.  Hairs  fine,  white,  rather  long,  crossing  from  the  adjacent  horns  and  fringing 
the  larva  all  around.  Most  of  the  marginal  hairs  are  long  and  spinulose,  some  of 
those  on  the  dorsal  aspect  and  now  also  around  the  edges  of  the  knobs.  Hairs 
nearly  all  of  the  feathered  type,  at  least  in  part.  Nearly  all  are'partly  reduced  in 
length,  the  tip  being  slender  and  weak,  the  shaft  a  little  thickened  centrally  with  a 
black  band  before  the  thickening.  Even  the  fringe  hairs  are  so  and  especially  those 
on  the  edges  of  the  bulbs.  All  the  hairs  seem  to  be  essentially  so  modified,  though 
those  on  the  tops  of  the  bulbs  are  still  primitive,  but  they  are  black  banded,  and 
grade  off  into  the  ones  on  the  sides.  Dorsal  furcate  roots  of  the  horns  long  and 
slender,  touching  sideways  in  pairs  and  joining  across  the  dorsum,  nearly  smooth  at 
base,  the  small  area  of  skin  left,  sparsely  granular.     Seta  i  on    a  long  clear  conical 


Dec,  1907.]  Dyar  :    New  York  Slug-Caterpillars.  225 

base  with  some  smooth  slender  hairs  around  seta  ii  without  accompanying  hairs.  The 
side  horns  are  slender,  over  one  third  the  length  of  the  long  subdorsal,  with  a 
terminal  tubercle  bearing  iii  and  a  number  of  rather  slender  transparent  hairs,  some  of 
which,  towards  the  tips  are  slightly  shortspinulose.  No  pigmented  areas.  In 
certain  views,  part  of  the  side  horns  are  visible  from  the  dorsal  aspect  between  the 
long  ones,  but  only  with  care.  Length,  7.5  to  II. 5  mm.  (Chain  Bridge)  :  8.2  10  1 1 
mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  3)  ;  9.5  to  12.5  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  i)  ;  to  12  mm.  (Tryon,N.  C. ). 

Stage  VI II.  —  Markedly  different  by  the  great  increase  in  the  number  of  hairs. 
So  dense  as  to  almost  completely  obscure  the  structure.  The  top  is  even  and  flat, 
many  of  the  hairs  directed  straight  upward,  the  whole  resembling  a  fluffy  disk  with 
even,  broadly  elliptical  outline.  Shape  and  structure  essentially  as  before,  but  the 
long  horns  are  flexible  and  their  tips  bend  backward  or  downward.  Hairs  nearly  all 
of  the  black-banded,  white-feathered-tip  type,  except  some  long  ones  about  the  ends 
of  the  long  horns  which  are  white,  more  slender,  scarcely  feathered  and  resemble 
those  that  still  persist  about  tubercle  i.  The  hairs  from  the  bulbs  rise  nearly  erect 
and  all  meet  to  conceal  the  dorsal  groove.  The  surface  is  formed  by  the  ends  of  the 
hairs,  consequently  the  bulbs  themselves  do  not  show  in  front  or  side  view  any 
longer,  and  the  outlines  of  the  horns  are  obscured  by  the  overlapping  of  the  fringe 
hairs.  No  shortened  or  aborted  hairs,  i.  e.,  not  more  so  than  the  usual  feathered 
hair  is  so.  Green,  whitish,  somewhat  opaque,  glassy  translucent  ;  the  hairs  look  all 
white,  the  black  bands  do  not  alter  the  appearance  as  the  white  feathered  tips  are 
prominent,  only  seen  with  a  lens.  Head  green,  the  eyes,  labrum  and  a  mark  each 
side  brown.  The  horns  on  joint  12  are  shorter  than  those  on  joint  il,  so  the  disk  is 
truncate  behind  ;  horns  of  joints  4-5  are  more  proportionate  but  shortened. 

Later  the  larva  became  thicker,  6  mm.  high,  whiter  and  more  glassy  shining. 
It  is  quite  thick,  the  horns  drooping  to  the  leaf.  The  horns  are  slender,  and  from 
side  view  the  lateral  horns  are  visible  through  the  haze  of  hairs.  Bulbs  circular  from 
top  view,  higher  than  wide.  There  are  furcate  bases  on  the  sides  of  the  subdorsal 
horns  reaching  to  the  holes  that  represent  depressed  spaces  (4).  These  forks,  both 
in  the  dorsal  and  lateral  spaces  are  the  most  glassy  part  of  the  larva.  Side  horns  on 
joints  6  to  12  slender,  equal,  sparsely  haired  above  and  toward  tip  (as  those  of  joints 
3  and  4  are  all  over),  but  below  with  dense  white  hairs  that  cover  the  spiracles. 
Spiracle  of  joint  5  high  up  ;  spiracles  brown,  round.  Length,  il  to  15.5  ram.  (  Rosslyn, 
No.  3)  ;  1 1. 5  to  15.5  mm.  (Chain  Bridge)  ;  12. 5  to  17. 5  mm.  (Rosslyn,  No.  i)  ;  12 
to  16  mm.  (Tryon,  N.  C. ). 

On  reaching  maturity  the  larvae  shed  the  long  subdorsal  horns  and 
entered  the  ground  to  spin. 

Cocoon.  —  Subspherical,  hard,  dark  brown,  with  a  round  concealed  lid  at  one 
end,  as  usual. 

Pupa.  —  Formed  in  the  Spring,  after  the  hibernation  of  the  larva.  Thin-skinned, 
pale  colored,  emerging  from  the  lid  of  the  cpcoon,  as  usual  in  the  family. 

Explanation  of  Plate  II. 

1.  Larva,  stage  H,  dorsal  view. 

2.  Larva,  stage  III. 

3.  Larva,  stage  I  V. 


226  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [VoI.  xv. 

4.  Larva,  stage  IV,  at  end  of  stage,  showing  the  side  horns. 

5.  Mature  larva. 

6.  One  of  the  deciduous  subdorsal  horns,  lateral  view,  showing  attachments. 

7.  Hairs  at  tip  of  the  horn,  stage  IV,  enlarged,  showing  primary  seta  ii. 

8.  Hairs  on  the  outer  side  of  the  bulb,  showing  primary  seta  i  to  be  differentiated 
from  the  secondary  hairs. 

9.  Hairs  on  the  bulb,  stage  V,  showing  the  beginning  of  the  plumose  setae. 

10.  A  plumose  seta,  further  enlarged,  showing  the  black  pigment  band. 

11.  Bulbs  and  dorsal  space,  two  segments  to  show  the  projection  of  the  horn- 
attachments  into  the  dorsal  space. 


NEW    AMERICAN    LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  Harrison  G.   Dyar, 

W^ASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Family  SYNTOMID.E. 

Cosmosoma  myrodora,  new  species. 

Head  shining  blue  ;  thorax  red,  the  tegulse  with  two  blue  spots  ;  patagia  lined 
with  black,  with  a  blue  spot  at  the  base  of  the  wing  ;  palpi  black,  red  at  the  base ; 
abdomen  red,  a  dorsal  black  band  beginning  on  the  second  segment  and  widening 
posteriorly,  containing  a  row  of  metallic  blue  spots,  the  last  three  segments  wholly 
black  ;  venter  black,  the  wool  under  the  ventral  valve  of  the  $  white ;  legs  red,  the 
middle  femora  blackish  without ;  antennae  black  with  white  tips.  Wings  hyaline, 
the  veins  and  margins  black,  the  band  widening  at  apex  of  fore  wings.  Expanse, 
34  mm. 

East  coast  of  Florida;  Indian  River  (C.  V.  Riley  coll.),  Palm 
Beach  (Dyar),  Miami  (Schaus  coll.). 

Type.  —  No.  10739,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

This  species  has  been  known  as  Cosmosoma  omphale  Hiibn.  and 
Cosmosoma  aitge  L.,  but  it  differs  from  the  species  bearing  those  names 
in  the  extent  of  the  black  band,  which  begins  on  the  second  abdominal 
segment  and  does  not  touch  the  thorax. 

Syntomeida  jucundissima,  new  variety. 

The  form  of  Syntomeida  epilais  occurring  in  southern  Florida  differs  from  its 
Mexican  and  central  American  representative  in  the  greener  tint  of  the  wings,  the 
reduction  of  the  white  markings,  the  wing  spots  being  smaller  and  the  markings  on 
the  feet  less,  and  in  the  different  color  of  the  terminal  abdominal  segments,  which 
are  scarlet  in  the  Floridian  form,  crimson  in  the  Mexican  one.  The  above  new  name 
is  proposed  for  the  Floridian  subspecies. 


Dec,  1907]  Dyar  :    New  American  Lepidoptera.  227 

Palm  Beach  (Dyar),  Miami  (R.  Ottolengui  coll.,  Schaus  coll.), 
Cocoanut  Grove  (E.  A.  Schwarz). 

Type. — No.  10742,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Family  LITHOSIID^:. 

Crambidia  roberto,  new  species. 

Fore  wings  with  accessory  cell,  silvery  gray,  shining,  uniform ;  hind  wings  and 
abdomen  dark  gray.  Vertex  and  front  of  head  bright  ocherous.  Beneath  entirely 
dark  gray  like  the  hind  wings  above,  the  fore  wings  somewhat  shining.  Expanse,  28 
to  30  mm. 

Two  males,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  June,  1907  (R.  Miiller,  No. 
1040). 

Type.  —  No.  10455,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Hgematomis  radians,  new  species. 

Closely  allied  to  Htciiiatomis  niexicana  Druce,  the  fore  wings  being  the  same. 
In  the  hind  wings  there  are  two  whitish  rays  from  the  base  to  the  margin  on  a  uniform 
gray  ground  in  both  sexes,  whereas  in  mexicana  the  hind  wings  of  the  $  are  whitish 
with  gray  costa,  of  the  9  entirely  gray  including  the  fringe. 

Three  specimens,  two  c?d^,  Orizaba,  Mexico    (Wm.  Schaus  coll., 
R.  Miiller,  No.  1162),  one  $,  Cordoba,  Mexico  (Wm.  Schaus  coll.). 
■     Type. — No.  11019,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Rbabdatomis,  new  genus. 

Venation  of  Diarhabdosia  Hampson,  except  that  vein  5  is  present  on  the  hind 
wings.  The  genus  falls  in  Sir  Geo.  Hampson's  table  with  Eurosia,  an  East  Indian 
and  African  genus  (Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  Brit.  Mus.,  ii,  330,  1900),  from  which  it  differs 
in  having  viens  3  and  4  of  the  hind  wings  stalked,  not  coincident,  and  vein  II  of  the 
fore  wings  curved,  not  straight. 

Type. — Rhabdatomis  zaba,  n.  sp. 

Rhabdatomis  zaba,  new  species. 

Head  yellow  on  the  vertex,  thorax  yellow  tinged  with  pink,  abdomen  yellowish  ; 
fore  wings  gray,  the  costa,  a  ray  from  base  to  below  apex  and  the  internal  margin 
broadly  yellow  ;  hind  wings  whitish,  the  inner  margin  yellow,  the  costa  and  the  apex 
broadly  gray.     Beneath  as  above,  the  ray  on  fore  wing  less  distinct.     Expanse,  ig  mm. 

One  cJ*,  Orizaba,  Mexico  (Wm.  Schaus  coll.). 
Type. — No.  11020,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Diarhabdosia  cora,  new  species. 

Head  yellow  on  the  vertex,  thorax  tinged  with  pink,  abdomen  ocherous  in  the 
male  with  a  gray  basal  tuft,  gray  in  the  female  ;  fore  wings  straw-yellow  with  a 
large  gray  band  from  base  to  apex,  narrowly  cut  by  a  pinkish  yellow  ray  ;  hind  wings 
yellow  in  the  male  with  a  broken  gray  outer  border,  gray  in  the  female  with  a  yellow 
costal  edge.      Expanse,   J"    15  mm.,    9   19  mm. 


228  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

1 8  specimens,  three  of  them  females,  St.  Jean,  Maroni,  French 
Guiana  and  60  miles  up  the  Maroni  River,  French  Guiana  (collection 
of  Wm.  Schaus). 

Allied  to  Diarhabdosia  laiidamia  Druce,  but  much  smaller,  the  c? 
with  a  broken  outer  gray  border  on  the  hind  wings  instead  of  a  large 
gray  tip,  the  9  with  the  costa  of  the  hind  wings  broadly  yellow  above 
and  below  instead  of  entirely  gray. 

This  species  was  not  described  by  Mr,  Schaus,  as  at  the  time  we 
had  ide  tified  it  as  D.  laudaniia.  However,  I  now  think  it  abun- 
dantly distinct. 

Type. — No.  10920,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Diarhabdosia  mandana,  new  species. 

Body  yellow,  overspread  with  gray,  a  pink  tint  on  the  tegul^e,  the  abdomen 
heavily  gray  shaded  in  the  9  •  Fore  wings  straw-yellow,  nearly  covered  by  a  broad 
gray  band  that  extends  from  base  to  apex,  touching  the  costa  subapically  and  the 
internal  margin  at  base  and  just  before  tornus,  divided  by  a  central  pale  ray.  Hind 
wings  whitish  in  the  ^  with  a  gray  tip,  gray  in  the  9  with  the  costa  yellow  nearly  to 
apex.      Expanse,   $   22  mm.,    f   23  mm. 

Three  males  and  two  females,  Castro,  Parana,  Brazil,  and  Rio  Jan- 
eiro, Brazil  (collection  of  Wm.  Schaus). 

Distinguished  from  the  other  species  by  the  yellow  along  the 
inner  margin  of  fore  wings  being  divided  by  gray  at  base  and  out- 
wardly. Sir  G.  F.  Hampson  has  identified  this  species  as  D.  laudamia, 
but  I  think  it  must  be  a  distinct  species. 

Type. —  No.  1092 1,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Diarhabdosia  laudamia  Druce. 

This  species  is  before  me  from  Mexico,  Costa  Rica  and  Peru. 
The  synonymy  given  by  Sir  G.  F.  Hampson  (Cat.  Lep.  Phal.,  II, 
518,  1900)  appears  to  be  correct.  He  cites  the  species  from  Guate- 
mala, Costa  Rica,  Panama,  Ecuador,  Peru  and  Brazil.  The  latter 
locality  is  probably  wrong. 

Family  ARCTIID^, 

Calidota  angelus,  new  species. 

Head  white  in  front,  margins  of  the  eyes  and  vertex  crimson  ;  thorax  white 
■above,  grayish  below,  a  crimson  patch  at  base  of  wing  ;  legs  gray,  fore  coxee  margined 
with  crimson  ;  abdomen  crimson  above,  w  hite  below  with  a  lateral  gray  line  ;  fore 
wing  gray,  the  veins  narrowly  but  diffusely  white,  the  costal  edge  and  fringe  white  ; 
ihind  wing  white  :  beneath  as  above,  the  white  lining  on  fore  wing  absent.  Expanse, 
35  mm- 


Dec,  1907.]  Dyar  :    New  American  Lepidoptera.  229 

One  rf,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  July,  1907  (R.  Mliller,  No.  1141). 

Type. — No.  10923,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Apparently  nearly  allied  to  Pygarctia  elegans  Stretch,  but  the 
presence  of  the  accessory  cell  forbids  its  reference  to  that  genus.  The 
fore  tibia  has  a  very  large  curved  apical  claw. 

Euchaetes  psara,  new  species. 

Head,  pectus  and  thorax  blackish  gray,  rather  roughly  haired  ;  abdomen  blue- 
black  above,  gray  below,  the  anal  tuft  crimson,  smoothly  haired  except  at  base  where 
there  is  a  large  blackish  gray  tuft ;  legs  dark  gray,  the  fore  coxje  crimson.  Fore  wing 
dark  gray,  sprinkled  with  white  scales,  which  predominate  in  an  area  below  the  cell 
and  in  an  oblique  wavy  band  from  outer  third  of  inner  margin  directed  towards  apex 
but  becoming  obsolete  above.  Hind  wing  semidiaphanous  whitish  sprinkled  with  gray 
and  with  a  broad  gray  area  along  costa  and  a  narrow  one  on  inner  margin,  the  veins 
dark  ;   beneath  as  above,  the  markings  of  the  fore  wing  not  visible.      Expanse,  31  mm. 

One  (^,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  August,  1907  (R  Miiller,  No. 
1211). 

Type.  — No.  10924,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Family  CERATOCAMPID^. 

Syssphinx  colla,  new  species. 

Head  and  thorax  ocherous  brown,  patagia  violaceous.  Fore  wings  rather  dark 
pinkish  brown,  the  basal  and  marginal  spaces  shaded  with  violaceous  ;  inner  line 
lost;  outer  line  straight  from  apex  to  near  middle  of  inner  margin,  broad,  shaded, 
blackish  violaceous  ;  discal  dots  two,  white,  small,  in  a  faint  brown  cloud  ;  wing 
sprinkled  with  blackish  specks.  Hind  wings  overspread  with  crimson,  the  outer 
margin  colored  like  the  fore  wing,  violaceous  tinted  on  the  edge ;  a  large  round 
obscure  blackish  discal  spot.  Beneath  the  fore  wings  are  crimson  on  the  disk,  a 
large  round  black  discal  spot  ;  outer  margin  gray  at  the  apex,  widening  below. 
Hind  wings  violaceous  whitish  tinted,  grayish  at  the  apex,  marked  with  darker  strigse 
along  the  costa.  Abdomen  yellowish  brown  above,  colored  like  the  fore  wings  below 
beneath.     Legs  dark  gray.     Expanse,  80  mm. 

One  male,  Orizaba,  Mexico  (R.  Muller,  No.  982). 
Type.  — No.  10448,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Family  NOCTUID^. 
Acontia  areletta,  new  species. 

Head  black  on  the  vertex,  thorax  and  abdomen  creamy  white.  Fore  wings 
creamy  white  at  the  base,  crossed  by  several  pale  gray  waved  lines ;  space  beyond 
the  median  line  nearly  solidly  filled  in  with  leaden  gray  and  black,  the  creamy  ground 
showing  only  subterminally  ;  reniform  and  orbicular  rounded,  blackish  filled,  rather 
large  and  similar  ;  below  the  orbicular  a  curved  black  line  followed  by  leaden  shad- 
ing;  a  costal,  subapical,  quadrate,  pure  white  patch,   preceded  and  followed  by  a 


230  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Societv.        [Voi.  xv. 

small  white  dot.      Hind  wings  white,  immaculate.     Beneath  the  markings  of  upper 
side  faintly  repeated.     Expanse,  27  mm. 

One  male,   Mexico  City,   Mexico,   June,    1907   (R.   MLiller,   No. 

1039)- 

Type. — No.  10457,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Closely  allied  to  Acontia  areli  Strecker,  but  the  white  patch  on 

the  fore  wings  is  much  larger  and  the  hind  wings  are  immaculate. 

Noctua  exculpatrix,  new  species. 

Head  brown,  front  black  between  the  eyes  ;  thorax  purplish  brown,  intermixed 
with  black  scales,  the  abdomen  lighter.  Fore  wings  broad,  purplish  brown,  the 
maculation  reduced  to  streaks-  on  the  veins,  the  ordinary  lines  obsolete ;  vein  I 
blackish  lined  the  whole  length,  median  with  veins  3  and  4  continuously  black, 
except  for  a  slight  interruption  beyond  the  position  of  the  transverse  posterior  line, 
which  is  slightly  indicated  by  a  row  of  venular  dots;  veins  2,  5,  6,  7  and  8  lined 
with  black  scales,  continuously  so  toward  the  margin  ;  a  row  of  intravenular  whitish 
dashes  indicating  the  subterminal  line ;  terminal  space  darker,  more  grayish  than  the 
rest  of  the  wing.  Hind,  wing  soiled  whitish,  the  outer  margin  broadly  smoky  ;  veins 
lined  in  blackish.  Beneath  the  costae  of  both  wings  are  roseate  brownish,  spreading 
at  the  apices ;  rest  of  the  surface  whitish  ;  outer  line  indicated  in  a  broad  smoky 
band.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

One  female,  Elsinore,  Utah  (U.  S.  Dept.  Agriculture,  Bureau  of 
Entomology). 

Type. — No.  10822,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Allied  to  Noctua  piscipellis  Grote,  but  the  veins  distinctly  lined  in 
black. 

Family  NOTODONTID^. 

Dicentria  minotelis,  new  species. 

Fore  wing  gray,  reddish  at  base  along  inner  margin  ;  a  black  dash  at  base  below 
median  vein  ;  lines  obsolete  ;  a  curved  black  mark  on  the  discal  cross-vein  ;  a  white, 
somewhat  waved  shade  across  the  discal  veinlets  in  the  position  of  the  outer  line, 
beyond  which  is  a  reddish  shade  overlaid  with  blackish  between  the  veins  sub- 
terminally  ;  a  white  spot  following  the  dark  streak  between  veins  2,  3  and  3,  4. 
Hind  wings  white,  tipped  with  gray  at  anal  angle.  Head  and  thorax  dark  gray 
the  posterior  tuft  shaded  with  vinous  and  tipped  with  black.  Abdomen  ochraceous 
brown,  the  tip  lighter,  the  basal  tuft  gray.      Antennas  testaceous.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

One  male,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  June,  1907  (R.  Miiller,  No. 
1036). 

Type. — No.  10458,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Nearly  allied  to  D.  linita  Schaus  from  Jalapa,  Mex.,  but  the  ground 
color  is  uniform  dark  gray  and  the  hind  wings  are  white. 


Dec,  1907.]  DvAR :    New  American  Lepidoptera.  231 

Apatelodes  amaryllis,  new  species. 

Olivaceous  ochraceous,  the  veins  light  ;  a  black  bar  in  the  basal  space  from  near 
the  base  to  the  inner  line  above  vein  I  ;  a  slight  blackish  shade  below  vein  I  ;  inner 
line  whitish,  rather  broad,  oblique  from  costa  to  origin  of  vein  2,  then  perpendicular 
to  inner  margin  ;  an  olivaceous  blackish  shade  bordering  its  upper  part,  leaves  it  at 
the  angle  and  crosses  to  the  outer  line,  cut  by  the  ochraceous  veins  2  and  3  ;  outer 
line  white,  strongly,  narrowly  outcurved  over  veins  4  to  6,  inwardly  arcuate  between 
veins  2  to  4,  edged  within  by  a  defined  olivaceous  blackish  shade  which  defines  a 
large,  round,  pale  space  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell,  bisected  by  the  ochraceous  vein 
5  ;  an  oblique  costo-apical  white  mark,  preceded  by  two  black  wedge-shaped  spots  ; 
an  olivaceous  blackish  shade  along  the  outer  margin,  touching  the  outer  line  between 
veins  4  to  6,  cut  by  the  ochraceous  veins.  Hind  wings  blackish  gray  shaded, 
divided  by  a  whitish  line  that  is  angled  on  vein  5  ;  a  black  spot  on  inner  margin 
at  the  termination  of  this  line  ;  basal  half  of  wing  more  blackish  than  outer  half, 
except  for  a  rounded  area  on  inner  margin  which  is  ochraceous ;  outer  area  cut  by 
ochraceous  veins ;  the  line  is  at  about  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Beneath  the  fore 
wings  have  a  faint  white  subterminal  line,  the  costo-apical  white  mark  repeated,  but 
followed  instead  of  preceded  by  black.  Hind  wings  with  an  outer  white  line  starting 
on  costa  near  middle  of  wing  but  at  once  curved  outward  and  becoming  submarginal 
at  the  anal  angle  ;  a  blackish  line  is  contiguous  with  it  on  costa  but  separates  at  vein 
5,  touching  again  at  anal  margin  ;  a  blackish  shade  within  to  base  above  vein  2. 
Patagia  and  center  of  thorax  lined  with  black  ;  palpi  and  pectinations  of  antennae 
black,  else  olivaceous  ochraceous.      Expanse,  38  mm. 

One  male,   Mexico  City,  Mexico,  June,    1907   (R.  Miiller,   No. 

1035)- 

Type.  — No.  10459,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
Not  nearly  allied  to  any  species  known  to  me. 

Family  LASIOCAMPID/E. 

Dendrolimus  prosper,  new  species. 

Thorax  and  fore  wings  chocolate  brown,  overlaid  with  grayish  ;  basal  half  of 
wing  dark,  crossed  by  two  wavy,  ill-defined  lines,  between  which  the  ground  color 
is  somewhat  lightened  or  yellowish  ;  a  round  whitish  discal  dot ;  outer  half  of  wing 
lighter,  a  brown  line  limiting  the  dark  color,  curved  at  costa  and  slightly  dentate ; 
a  brownish  line,  between  which  and  the  subterminal  dots  the  ground  color  is  again 
yellowish  ;  subterminal  dots  rounded,  blackish,  strongly  waved  in  their  course. 
Hind  wing  dark  reddish  brown.  Below  much  the  color  of  the  hind  wings  above, 
a  faint  dark  mesial  line  on  both  wings,  limiting  the  somewhat  darker  basal  area,  fol- 
lowed by  a  second  faint  darker  line.      Expanse,   $   70  to  80  mm.,   9  95  nmi. 

2  cJ^c?,  I?,  Orizaba,  Mexico  (R.  Miiller,  No.  901  ;  Wm.  Schaus 
coll.). 

Type. — No.  10446,  U.  S.  National  Museuiii. 

The  species  is   nearly  allied  to  Euiricha  conradti  Druce,  but  the 


232  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv, 

fore  wings  are  not  so  narrow  and  the  hind  wings  are  not  so  strongly 
excavated  on  the  costal  edge.  The  markings  also  are  much  more 
distinct,  being  without  the  blurring  yellow  shades  of  conradti,  while 
the  lower  side  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen  is  not  heavily  shaded  with 
blackish  brown  ;  the  subterminal  spots  of  the  fore  wings  form  a  con- 
tinuous row  in  the  cJ*  and  are  more  irregular  in  position. 

The  female  is  larger  and  paler  than  the  male,  but  essentially  sim- 
ilar;  the  subterminal  dots  of  the  fore  wing  are  partly  wanting,  but 
their  irregular  course  is  marked  by  the  contrast  between  the  yellowish 
subterminal  shade  and  the  darker  terminal  color. 

Clisiocampa  luteimargo,  new  species. 

Pale  straw  yellow  ;  fore  wings  with  two  parallel  dark  brown  lines,  the  outer 
slightly  wavy,  the  space  between  them  more  or  less  filled  in  with  brown  irrorations, 
sometimes  almost  solidly  so  ;  hind  wings  with  the  basal  half  faintly  brown  shaded,  the 
outer  half  clear  straw- yellow.  Beneath  straw-yellow,  a  common  mesial  brown  line, 
within  which  the  basal  half  of  both  wings  is  more  or  less  completely  filled  in  with 
brown  shading.      Expanse,  $  27  to  32  mm.,   9   37  ™ni- 

3  f^^,  2  9  ?,  Mexico  City,  Mexico  (R.  Miiller,  No.  885  ;  Wm. 
Schaus  coll.). 

Type. — No.  10447,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  species  is  allied  lofragilis  Stretch,  but  I  have  seen  no  form 
of  that  species  in  which  the  margins  of  both  wings  above  and  below 
were  without  irrorations.  It  is  also  allied  to  azteca  Neumoegen,  but 
has  a  very  different  appearance,  and  none  of  my  26  azteca  vary  in  this 
direction. 

Family  GEOMETRID^. 

Pygmaena  simplex,  new  species. 

Brownish  gray,  violaceous  tinted  ;  the  fore  wings  have  two  broad  smoky  brown 
lines,  the  inner  faint,  the  outer  far  removed  from  the  margin  ;  a  rounded  discal  dot 
on  both  wings.      Expanse,   $  26  mm.  ;    9    19  mm. 

Eleven  specimens,  10  S'<S'  and  one  ?,  Laggan,  Alberta,  Canada 
(Wm.  Barnes,  Dyar  and  Caudell),  Yellowstone  Park,  Wyoming  (W. 
D.  Kearfott  through  G.  W.  Taylor). 

Type. — No.  10442,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

This  is  the  first  record  of  the  genus  Fygmana  Boisd.  in  America. 
A  single  species  is  known  in  Europe,  P.  fiisca  Thunberg,  with  an  Al- 
pine distribution.  Our  species  is  larger  than  the  European  form,  paler 
colored,  less  brownish,  and  the  female  is  more  nearly  the  color  of  the 
male.  The  females  in  both  species  have  the  wings  partly  aborted  and 
are  more  yellowish  in  color. 


Dec ,  1907]  Dyar  :    New  American  Lepidoptera.  233 

Ripula  Tirginaria  Hulst. 

This  species  was  described  from  Florida  and  I  have  not  any  spec- 
imens before  me,  yet  it  seems  from  the  description  so  near  to  the 
Cuban  form  of  Sericoptera  mahometaria  Herrich-Schaeffer  that  I  doubt 
if  they  are  distinct.  There  appear  to  be  two  species  under  this  name, 
one  smaller,  less  strongly  marked,  the  antenn?e  of  the  male  heavily 
pectinated  and  yellow,  which  I  have  referred  to  as  the  Cuban  form  ; 
the  other  larger,  more  strongly  marked,  the  antennae  shortly  pectinated 
and  dark  brown.  The  latter  occurs  in  Mexico,  Peru,  Brazil  and  also 
in  Cuba.  This  is  doubtless  the  true  mahometaria  {Seficoptern  =  Ripula 
Guen.),  which  was  described  from  Venezuela.  Hulst's  measurement* 
of  vh'ginaria  agrees  with  the  true  mahovietaria  ;  his  description  with 
the  Cuban  form.  Mr.  J.  A.  Grossbeck  kindly  informs  me  that  the 
type  of  vh'ginaria  is  in  the  Hulst  collection  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
and  that  the  pectinations  of  the  antennae  are  as  long  as  in  vestalis,  the 
markings  agreeing  with  Mexican  specimens  oi  mahovietaria  before  him 
in  design,  but  being  less  strongly  developed.  R.  virginaria,  then, 
will  stand  as  a  good  species,  inhabiting  southern  Florida  and  Cuba, 
where  it  overlaps  the  range  of  R.  mahometaria. 

Ripula  vestalis  Hulst. 

I  have  two  specimens  of  this  species  from  southern  Florida,  one 
collected  by  myself  at  Jupiter,  Florida,  February  21,  1890  ;  the  other 
from  Cudjo  Key,  taken  by  Mr.  Pollard.  The  species  has  been  re- 
cently redescribed  as  Gonorthiis  bilineata  by  Mr.  Warren  (Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  XXX,  543,  1906).  Mr.  Warren's  type  is  from  French 
Guiana,  but  it  agrees  entirely  with  the  Florida  specimens. 

Amphidasys  exoticaria,  new  species. 

Wings  brownish  gray  and  pure  white  ;  costal  half  of  basal  space  brown,  dotted 
with  black  ;  followed  by  pure  white  to  the  inner  line  ;  median  space  brown,  limited 
by  the  two  lines,  black,  the  inner  curved,  dentated  on  median  vein,  the  outer  dentated 
on  all  the  veins,  most  strongly  so  on  veins  3  and  4 ;  a  small  white  discal  dot,  out- 
lined in  blackish ;  a  blackish  shade  paralleling  the  outer  line  below  vein  2  ;  space 
beyond  the  outer  line  white,  with  two  rows  of  brown  blotches  partly  confluent  and  a 
few  scattered  black  irrorations.  Hind  wings  white,  irrorated  with  partly  confluent 
brown  dots  to  the  submedian  line,  which  is  black,  angled  on  vein  4 ;  outer  space 
white,  with  two  rows  of  brown  blotches  as  on  the  fore  wings,  broken  between  veins 
3  and  4.     Beneath  the  markings  are  repeated,  somewhat  whitish.     The  top  of  the 

*  The  measurement  given  by  Hulst  is  apparently  too  large.  The  type  is  in  frag, 
ments,  but  on  placing  the  pieces  together  the  specimen  seems  no  larger  than  Cuban 
specimens.     Mr.  Grossbeck  agreed  with  me. 


234  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

head,  front  of  thorax,  base  of  abdomen,  sides  and  tip  of  abdomen  white,  the  rest 
brown  and  blackish  ;  abdominal  tufts  dark  brown.      Expanse,  64  mm. 

One  female,  Mexico  City,  Mexico,  June,  1907  (R.  Miiller,  No. 
1034). 

Type.  — No.  10456,  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

The  specimen  agrees  almost  exactly  with  Felder  and  Rogenhofer's 
figure  of  Amphidasys  cladonia  (Plate  CXXV,  Fig.  13),  the  marginal 
spottings  being  only  somewhat  more  extensive.  Were  it  not  that  the 
locality  for  cladonia  is  given  as  "  Silhet  "  I  should  think  that  the 
species  was  before  me. 


EUCYMATOGE    RECTILINEATA,  A    NEW    GEO- 
METRID    MOTH   FROM   COLORADO. 

By  Geo.   W.  Taylor, 
Wellington,  B.  C,  Canada. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  group  containing  in  our  fauna  E. 
intestinata,  giUettei  and  vitalbata,  and  to  which  the  generic  name 
Phihalaptoyx  Stephens,  used  to  be  applied.  It  resembles  vitalbata 
more  nearly  than  it  does  intestinata,  but  it  is  smaller,  and  the  colors 
are  less  sharply  contrasting.  It  may  be  separated  at  once  from  any  of 
the  three  species  mentioned  by  the  straightness  of  the  extra  discal  line. 

I  have  had  a  single  specimen  of  this  species  in  my  cabinet  without 
name  for  a  considerable  time.  The  discovery  of  a  second  specimen, 
exactly  similar,  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
determines  me  to  describe  the  form  as  new. 

Eucymatoge  rectilineata,  new  species. 

Expanse  25  mm.  Prevailing  color  of  wings,  warm  chocolate  brown  with  the 
costal  and  basal  areas  and  the  hinder  portion  of  the  submarginal  band  lighter  as  in  E. 
vitalbata.  The  hind  wings  are  uniformly  of  this  lighter  color  and  not  blackish  in 
the  median  band  as  in  the  last  named  species.  The  fore  wings  are  crossed  by 
numerous  lines  as  in  the  other  species  in  the  group,  but  in  rectilineata  the  extra  discal 
line  runs  in  an  almost  straight  line  from  vein  3  to  the  center  of  the  inner  margin  and 
not  in  a  series  of  scallops.  The  hind  wings  are  clearer  than  in  the  other  species,  and 
the  lines  are  pale  on  a  darker  ground. 

Described  from  two  specimens,  one  bearing  label  "  Colorado,  Las 
Pinas,  30  May,"  is  in  my  own  collection  'and  the  second  labelled 
"  Durango,  Col.,  July  8-15,"  is  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  and 
bears  their  type  No.  1037 1. 


Dec,  J907.]         BuscK :    New  Tortricid^  from  Mexico.  235 

DESCRIPTIONS    OF   THREE    NEW  TORTRICIDiE 
FROM    MEXICO. 

By  August  Busck, 

Wa   HINGTON,   D.   C. 

Archips  audaculana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  face  and  head  deep  yeJlow  mixed  with  red  ;  antennae  brown  ;  tho- 
rax whitish  brown.  Fore  wings  of  female  with  costal  edge  strongly  arched  at  base 
and  with  apical  half  strongly  concave  ;  apex  somewhat  protruded  ;  termen  sinuate 
below  apex  and  bulging  out  below  ;  dorsal  edge  straight ;  light  deer  brown,  faintly 
and  evenly  dotted  with  scattered  black  atoms  ;  at  basal  third  is  an  indistinct,  out- 
wardly oblique,  costal  streak  of  a  somewhat  darker  brown  ;  just  before  the  middle  of 
the  wing  is  a  similarly  colored  larger  oblique  costal  streak,  terminating  on  the  fold, 
and  at  apical  third  is  an  outwardly  angulate  faint  darker  brown  fascia  across  the 
wing  diffused  on  its  outer  edge  and  more  or  less  suffusing  the  entire  apical  part  of  the 
wing. 

Hind  wings  whitish,  mottled  on  apical  half  with  ill-defined  transverse  dark  fus- 
cous spots  ;  under  side  with  brown  striation  along  costal  and  apical  edges  and  with 
three  or  four  more  prominent  dark  fuscous  round  dots  in  a  longitudinal  line  on  the 
middle  of  the  wing.     Alar  expanse,  30-33  mm. 

Habitat.  —  Orizaba,  Mexico  (R.  Miiller,  collector)  ;  Jalapa, 
Mexico  (W.  Schaus  collection). 

Type. — Female,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  No.  10925. 

This  species  evidently  comes  near  Archips  {Caccecia)  patulana 
Walker  (Cat.  Lep.  Het.  Br.  Mus.,  XXIII,  325,  1864).  Besides  Lord 
Walsingham's  figure  oi  patulafta  (111.  Lep.  Het.  Br.  Mus.,  IV,  Plate 
LXI,  Fig.  I,  1875)  I  have  a  recent  hand  painted  figure,  made  from 
the  type  in  the  British  Museum .  There  are  several  discrepancies  between 
these  two  figures  but  they  both  agree  with  the  descriptions  of  Walker 
and  Walsingham  in  having  immaculate  hind  wings.  This  then  will 
furnish  probably  the  easiest  point  of  distinction  from  audaculana, 
which  has  transverse  blackish  striation  on  both  sides  of  the  wing. 
Audacu/afia  moreover  is  a  smaller  species  with  more  whitish  hind  wings. 

Tortrix  animosana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi,  head  and  thorax  deep  golden  saffron  yellow.  Antennae  slightly 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Ground  color  of  fore  wings  deep  golden  saffron,  broken  by 
an  extensive,  irregular,  sharply  limited,  light  purplish-yellow  design,  emphasized  by 
a  conspicuous  striation  of  deep  black  transverse  lines  ;  this  darker  design  covers  more 
than  half  the  wing  area ;  it  extends  over  basal  third  of  the  wing  except  for  an 
unmottled  yellow  costal  spot  at  base  ;  then  it  narrows  to  a  central  streak,  which 
broadens  out  again  at  the  end  of  the  cell   and  sends  one  broad  branch  obliquely 


236  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

backwards  to  the  middle  of  the  costal  edge  and  another  to  the  middle  of  the  dorsal 
edge ;  a  third  broad  branch,  connected  with  the  central  blotch  only  at  one  cornec. 
goes  perpendicularly  down  to  dorsal  edge  just  before  termen  and  a  fourth  equally 
narrowly  connected  branch  reaches  costal  edge  at  apical  fourth  and  sends  a  spur 
downwards  and  outwards,  which  nearly  reaches  the  terminal  edge.  Just  before  apex 
are  a  few  transverse  black  striae.  It  might  be  more  convenient  to  describe  the  duller 
black  speckled  color  as  ground  color  on  which  then  the  golden  saffron  color  shows  as 
there  costal  and  there  dorsal  finger-like  recurved  spots  nearly,  but  not  quite  meeting 
in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Hind  wings  light  golden  saffron.  On  the  under  side  of 
the  forewings  the  dark  design  is  slightly  indicated  and  emphasized  on  costal  edge  by 
dark  striation ;  hind  wings  have  on  the  under  side  some  scattered  costal  and  apical 
striation.     Abdomen  and  legs  dull  saffron.     Alar  expanse,  female,  30-33  mm. 

Venation  typical  with  1 2  veins  in  forewings ;  7  and  8  separate  ;  7 
to  termen ;  2  from  before  apical  fourth  of  cell.  Hind  wings  with  3 
and  4  connate,  6  and  7  closely  approximate  ;  submedian  vein  not 
hairy. 

Habitat.  — Orizaba  and  Jalapa,  Mexico  (Wm.  Schaus  collection). 

Type.  —  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  10926. 

Tortrix  auricomana,  new  species. 

Labial  palpi  and  tongue  deep  golden  saffron  ;  antennte  golden  yellow,  annulated 
with  fuscous.  Face,  head  and  thorax  deep  golden  yellow.  Fore  wings  light  straw 
yellow,  evenly  striated  with  thin  black  transverse  lines  and  with  entire  costal,  termi- 
nal and  dorsal  edge  golden  saffron  ;  reaching  from  base  of  wing  to  apical  third  is  a 
golden  yellow  streak  along  the  subcostal  vein  and  through  the  middle  of  the  wing  is 
a  similar  longitudinal  streak  beginning  just  before  the  end  of  the  cell  and  terminating 
shortly  before  terminal  edge  of  the  wing  ;  below  this  streak  is  a  round  golden  saffron 
dot.  Cilia  golden.  Hind  wings  light  saffron  yellow  with  a  deep  yellow  hair  pencil 
on  vein  \b  ;  submedian  vein  not  hairy.  Underside  of  both  wings  saffron  yellow 
with  costal  and  terminal  parts  slightly  irrorate  by  short  black  transverse  striae.  Ab- 
domen and  legs  deep  saffron  yellow.  Alar  expanse,  female,  30-34  mm.  ;  male, 
26-27  ™i"- 

'Venation  as  in  the  foregoing  species. 

Habitat.  —  Mexico  City,  Mexico.  May  and  June  (R.  Muller, 
collector). 

Types.  — Male  and  female,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  No.  10927. 


A  Note  on  Synonymy. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  A.  Cosens,  of  Toronto,  Canada,  the 
U.  S.  National  Museum  has  lately  obtained  topotypes  of  Retinia  aus- 
triana  Cosens  (Can.  Ent.,  XXXVIII,  362,  1906)  in  the  author's  own 
determination.  The  species  proves  to  be  a  Phycitid,  which  Dr.  H.  G. 
Dyar  has  identified  a.s  Finipestis  zimtnerma/mi  GxoXe. — August  BuscK. 


Dec,  1907.]  Caudell  :    A  New  Cyrtoxipha.  237 

Class  I,  HEXAPODA. 

Order  XI,  ORTHOPTERA. 

A  NEW  CYRTOXIPHA   FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  a.  N.  Caudell, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

The  genus  Cyrtoxipha  is  represented  in  the  United  States  by  two 
small  species  hitherto  reported  only  from  the  southern  states.  These 
are  gundlachi  and  delicatiila.  The  latter  species  I  have  taken  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  Mr,  Banks  has  taken  it  at  Falls  Church,  Va. 
Gundlachi  is  in  the  National  Museum  from  Florida  and  from  Cuba. 

A  third  United  States  species  has  just  been  discovered.  It  may 
be  known  as  C.  columbiana  and  can  be  distinguished  by  the  following 
table  : 

Table  of  United  States  Species  of  Cyrtoxipha. 
A.   Color  yellowish  green  ;   wings  decidedly  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  elytra. 

B.    Smaller  and  more  slender  ;   ovipositor  of  the  female  apically  armed  with  acute 
serrations;   dorsal  area  of  the  female  elytra  with  inconspicuous  cross  veins. 

gundlaclii  Sauss. 

BB.   Larger   and    stouter;   ovipositor  of  the  female  armed    apically  with  blunt 

tubercles ;    dorsal     area    of    the    female     elytra    with    more    conspicuous 

cross-veins colutnbiana  n.  sp. 

AA.    Color  reddish  brown  ;   wings  twice  or  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  elytra. 

delicatula  Scudd. 

Cyrtoxipha  columbiana,  new  species. 

Color  uniformly  yellowish  green  except  the  ovipositor  of  the  female  and  the  eyes 
of  both  sexes,  which  are  black.  The  anterior  tibia  is  moderately  swollen  at  the  tym- 
panum, which  is  distinct  on  both  faces.  Antennas  long  and  slender,  unhanded, 
darker  apically.  Pronotum  almost  twice  as  broad  as  long,  broader  posteriorly,  and 
above  slightly  flattened,  the  posterior  margin  a  little  rounded.  Elytra  ample,  surpas- 
sing slightly  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  cross-veins  of  the  dorsal  area  of  the  female 
more  conspicuous  than  in  our  other  species  of  the  genus.  Wings  caudate,  about  one 
half  as  long  again  as  the  elytra.  Ovipositor  curved  upwards  and  apically  armed  above 
with  several  minute  tubercles,  below  nearly  smooth  ;  at  the  extreme  base  the  ovipos- 
itor is  reddish  yellow  but  beyond  that  it  is  piceous. 

Measurements,  $  and  9  :  Length,  of  body  to  apex  of  the  elytra,  8.5  mm.; 
pronotum,  1. 5  mm.  ;  elytra,  6  mm.;  wings,  beyond  the  tip  of  the  elytra,  3  mm.; 
posterior  femora,  5.5  mm.;  ovipositor,  3.5  mm. 

Described  from  one  female,  taken  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  Sep- 


238  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Vol.  xv. 

tember  21,  1907  by  Mrs.  Nellie  Caudell,  and  one  male,  taken  at  Falls 
Church,  Va.,  on  September  14,  1907,  by  Mr.  Banks. 

Type.  — c?  ^i^d  9,  U.    S.  National  Museum,  No.  10919. 

As  indicated  by  the  above  key  this  species  is  most  nearly  allied 
to  C.  gundlachi  but  its  larger  size  will  readily  serve  to  separate  it  from 
both  that  species  and  C.  delicatida. 


GENERAL. 
THE  SPECIALIST. 

By  a.  N.  Caudell, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Broadly  speaking  the  general  zoologist  is  as  old  as  history,  but  the 
specialist  as  now  known  is  a  product  of  the  last  century.  In  the  days 
of  Ray  and  Linnaeus,  when  the  known  species  of  even  large  groups 
were  numbered  in  scores  only,  the  specialist  was  unknown  and  un- 
needed.  The  naturalist  of  a  little  more  than  a  century  ago  could 
cover  the  entire  field  of  zoology,  considering  the  forms  down  to  the 
species.  For  any  one  at  the  present  time  to  attempt  covering  the 
same  field  would  be  preposterous.  The  general  zoologist  of  to-day 
must  deal  with  his  subject  as  classes  and  groups,  descending  to  genera 
and  species  only  occasionally  for  purposes  of  illustration.  If  he  deals 
with  species  he  either  proves  superficial  or  chooses  a  restricted  field  to 
labor.  In  other  words  he  becomes  a  specialist,  for  the  field  of  zoology 
is  now  too  large  for  any  one  person,  no  matter  how  brilliant,  to  master 
in  its  entirety. 

It  is  the  innumerable  contributions  to  knowledge  made  by  the 
specialist  that  have  brought  the  ingenious  but  crude  systems  of  Lin- 
naeus and  Cuvier  to  the  present  state  of  comparative  perfection.  The 
advancement  of  zo51ogy  as  a  whole  depends  upon  the  knowledge  of 
the  species,  and  it  is  the  specialist,  confining  his  efforts  to  restricted 
fields,  that  is  responsible  for  the  proper  researches  being  made.  The 
smaller  the  field,  other  things  being  equal,  the  more  thoroughly  can 
it  be  covered.  We  cannot  know  all  things,  so  let  us  know  something, 
but  know  it  well. 


sJOTJ  JxK  JLX^ 


OF    THE 


llieui  '^orh  Entomological  ^ocijctg. 


Edited  by  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 


Publishes  articles  relating  to  any  class  of  the  subkingdom  Arthropoda,  subject 
to  the  acceptance  of  the  Publication  Committee.  Original  communications  in  this 
field  are  solicited. 


Book  Notice. 


A    monograph    of  the   Culicidcv   of  the  World.      By  F.  V.  Theobald: 
London,  1907.     Volume  IV. 

After  an  interval  of  four  years,  Mr.  Theobald  appears  with  a  fourth 
volume  of  600  pages  of  his  mosquito  monograph,  based  on  material 
received  since  1903.  It  might  have  been  supposed  that  during  this 
interval  the  author  would  have  learned  something  from  the  numerous 
criticisms  that  have  been  directed  against  his  earlier  volumes  ;  but  not 
so.  In  this  book  he  continues  his  excessive  subdivisions,  his  absurd 
classification,  and  even  his  nomenclatorial  blunders  that  so  marred 
the  first  volumes.  Mr.  Theobald  is  not  a  trained  naturalist,  so  we  are 
told,  and  it  now  appears  that  he  is  incapable  of  learning.  He  insists 
that  his  additional  material  only  confirms  his  divisions  on  scale  char- 
acters. Naturally  it  does  so  from  his  point  of  view.  He  can  no 
doubt  place  his  specimens  to  his  own  satisfaction  on  these  characters, 
since  this  is  the  only  criterion  he  has.  But  does  this  prove  anything? 
Can  anyone  else  use  the  characters  and  come  out  the  same  way  ?  Do 
they  correspond  to  a  natural  system  ?  Do  they  agree  with  characters 
founded  on  other  structures  ?  Are  they  confirmed  by  larval  characters  ? 
We  answer,  no.      Rightly  viewed,  the  scale  characters  are  of  specific 

239 


240  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      |Vol.  xv. 

value   only,  and  any  attempt  to    employ  them  for  higher  taxonomic 
groups,  must  result  in  confusion  and  disaster. 

Mr.  Theobald  remarks  that  the  larvae  have  "a.  wide  range  .  .  . 
in  characters,  not  only  in  different  stages  of  the  same  species,  but  in 
the  same  stage  in  the  same  species."  This  is  not  a  fact.  Mr.  Theo- 
bald is  utterly  unqualified  to  speak  on  the  subject,  being  ignorant  of  the 
first  principles  of  larval  characters,  as  his  published  figures  show.  He 
has  never  published  an  original  figure  of  a  larva  that  showed  a  diag- 
nostic character,  nor  is  he  apparently  able  to  apprehend  them  when 
pointed  out.  The  phrase  "  not  only  in  different  stages  "  would  imply 
that  some  of  the  larval  differences  pointed  out  by  students  of  the  early 
stages  might  be  due  to  a  difference  of  stage  rather  than  of  species. 
Possibly  Mr.  Theobald  might  be  deceived  in  this  way,  but  it  is  absurd 
to  imply  that  any  real  student  of  the  matter  does  not  know  when  a 
larva  is  mature. 

Mr.  Theobald  deserves  censure  for  his  uncandid  treatment  of  his 
own  faults.  Other  peoples  synonyms  are  set  forth  in  large  type,  but 
his  own  are  either  ignored,  or  referred  to  in  the  text  inconspicuously. 
In  the  introduction  he  commends  Professor  Blanchard's  book  as  "of 
especial  value  for  correcting  errors  in  nomenclature;"  but  omits  to 
state  that  practically  all  the  errors  there  corrected  were  perpetrated  by 
himself.  In  a  monographic  work  of  world-wide  scope  and  general 
distribution,  where,  unlike  in  a  scientific  journal,  no  reply  is  possible 
to  the  same  readers,  this  sort  of  thing  is  a  rank  injustice.  It  creates 
the  impression  that  other  authors  may  make  many  faults,  but  not  the 
author  of  the  monograph  ! 

He  does  not  hesitate  to  steal  names.  Numerous  manuscript  names 
are  published  with  descriptions,  apparently  without  the  consent  of  the 
authors,  as  he  frequently  states  that  he  does  not  know  whether  the 
author  in  question  has  described  the  species  or  not.  In  the  volume 
before  us  we  find  a  small  inserted  slip  headed  "  Errata  et  Addenda," 
on  which  we  read  oi  Myzoinyia  rossii  GW^^  that  it  belongs  to  a  dis- 
tinct genus  which  is  being describedhy  Mr.  Rothwell  as  Pseudoinyzoniyia. 
The  genus,  of  course,  will  now  have  to  be  credited  to  Theobald,  and 
Mr.  Rothwell  can  only  regret  his  misplaced  confidence  in  having 
mentioned  his  intention  before  publishing. 

,  Mr.  Theobald  speaks  unfavorably  of  genera  founded  on  male 
genitalia  alone;  justly,  we  think.  He  quotes  Dr.  Felt's  work  and 
Dr.  Dyar's  on  the  subject,  but  in  a  note  on  page  12  makes  the  strange 


Dec,  1907.1  Book  Notice.  241 

statement  "the  type  of  the  genus  Grabhamia  I  xi\2i.AQ.  jamaicensis.'' 
As  a  matter  of  fact  he  made  no  type  ;  jamaicensis  was  first  specified 
as  type  by  Dr.  Felt.  Under  the  first  species  rule  the  type  is  dorsalis, 
as  stated  by  Dr.  Dyar.     This  Mr.  Theobald  has  failed  to  comprehend. 

Mr.  Theobald  objects  to  Dr.  Dyar's  statement  that  Janthinosoma 
miisica  c.nd  Grabhamia  Jamatcefisis  ?,ho\i\(\  fall  together,  adding  "more 
totally  diverse  forms  could  not  be  seen."  Now  they  are  diverse  only 
in  his  own  opinion.  These  species  agree  in  egg  and  larval  structure 
and  in  the  male  genitalia.  In  our  classification  they  both  fall  in  the 
genus  Aedes.  In  short,  they  agree  in  all  essential  characters,  and 
only  differ  in  the  unessential  ones  on  which  Mr.  Theobald  has  chosen 
to  found  his  classification.  A  better  example  of  its  unsoundness 
could  hardly  be  adduced.  He  refers  to  the  placing  of  his  scholasticus 
in  the  gtnxi?,  Jartthinosofna  by  us  on  larval  characters  as  an  example  of 
the  faulty  working  of  our  system  ;  but  fails  to  note,  as  is  fairly  obvi- 
ous from  the  context,  that  this  was  due  to  an  erroneous  determination 
made  for  us  by  Mr.  Coquillett.     We  have  since  renamed  the  form. 

Mr.  Coquillett's  classification  is  commended,  so  far  as  the  Theo- 
baldian  characters  are  used,  but  the  most  valuable  part  of  it,  the  treat- 
ment of  the  genus  Ochterotatus,  is  condemned,  while  Theobald  him- 
self makes  no  use  of  this  old  name. 

Dr.  Lutz's  classification  has  been  adopted,  which  is  an  improve- 
ment ;  it  is  at  least  orderly.  Ten  subfamilies  are  recognized,  based 
as  formerly  on  secondary  sexual  characters,  venation  and  bending  of 
the  proboscis.  The  only  really  valuable  character,  the  presence  or 
absence  of  setae  on  the  metanotum,  is  obscured  and  used  in  a  secon- 
dary manner.  The  curious  relationships  between  the  predacious  spe- 
cies and  their  hosts  are  not  brought  out,  for  while  Lutzia  stands  near 
Ctilex,  and  Psorophora  near  Janthinosoma,  Megarhimts  and  its  near 
relative  Mansonia  are  widely  separated.  In  spite  of  the  multiplicity 
of  genera,  forms  are  associated  in  one  genus  which  have  no  near  afiini- 
ties.  One  hundred  and  nine  genera  are  recognized.  It  is  true  that 
genera  do  not  exist  in  nature  and  are  only  artificial  divisions ;  but 
they  are  supposed  to  be  for  the  convenience  of  the  student,  not  for 
his  confusion  and  undoing.  There  ought  to  be  some  sort  of  uni- 
formity with  other  groups  of  Diptera  and  other  insects  in  general  as 
to  the  scope  of  the  division  called  the  genus.  Mr.  Theobald  appears 
to  be  unprepared  for  his  work  on  general  principles ;  having  no 
knowledge  of  any  group  but  mosquitoes  he  unduly  magnifies  their 


242  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      |Vol  xv. 

trivial  characters.  It  is  probable  that  he  cannot  be  brought  to  see 
the  error  of  his  ways,  but  will  continue  to  overdo  the  subject  as  long 
as  the  British  Museum  keeps  him  at  the  work.  A  fifth  volume  is  said 
to  be  in  active  preparation  and  there  seems  no  way  to  avert  the 
calamity. 

In  the  following  detailed  remarks,  we  refer  mainly  to  American 
species,  as  the  others  are  unknown  to  us.  Unfortunately  the  American 
species  form  but  a  small  proportion  of  the  whole. 

The  subfamily  Anophelinse  includes  eighteen  genera,  of  which 
a  table  is  given.  They  are  separated  on  scale  structure,  of  which 
enough  criticism  has  already  been  published.  These  groups  do  not 
represent  subgenera  even,  nor  any  natural  groups  less  than  genera. 
The  modifications  of  scale  structure,  while  of  specific  value,  do  not 
follow  phyletic  lines,  but  are  mainly  sporadic.  This  is  the  chief  ob- 
jection to  Theobald's  classification,  that  it  is  unnatural.  Under  Anoph- 
eles, niaatlipemiis  Meig.,  bifurcatiis  -L.  and  nigripes  Staeg. ,  three 
European  species,  are  credited  also  to  North  America,  quite  wrongly 
we  believe.  Barberi  is  said  to  be  probably  a  variety  of  Mfurcatus, 
with  which  it  really  has  no  affinity.  The  species  recently  described 
by  us  are  unnoticed.  Cruciaiis  is  included  with  doubt.  According 
to  his  table  we  make  it  fall  in  Anopheles.  Mr.  Theobald's  doubts 
about  its  generic  position  have  arisen  apparently  from  a  misunder- 
standing of  Professor  Smith's  descriptive  term  "  scales."  Our  tropical 
species  fall  in  other  genera,  except  eisetii  Coq.,  which  the  author  has 
not  seen.  This  would  fall  in  Myzomyia  by  his  tables  apparently. 
Alyzorhynchella  nigra,  new  genus  and  species  is  described  from  Brazil 
and  Mexico.     We  have  it  from  British  Guiana. 

The  subfamily  Megarhininse  which,  in  the  Genera  Insectorum, 
Mr.  Theobald  split  into  two  subfamilies,  Megarhininae  and  Toxorhyn- 
chitinse,  is  now  recognized  as  a  concrete  group  with  the  remark: 
' '  that  they  are  closely  connected  a  casual  glance  will  show,  yet  under 
palpal  classification  some  should  come  ( Toxorhyjichites^  near  Culex, 
and  others  (^Megarhinus)  near  Anopheles  -j^^  Ankylorhynchae  Lutz 
and  I^ynchiellina  Lahille  are  given  as  synonyms  —  not  a  word  of  Tox- 
orhynchitinse  Theobald  !  Fortunately  but  one  new  species  oi  Megar- 
hinus  is  described,  M.  chrysocephalus,  from  a  single  male  from  Sao 
Paulo,  Brazil.  "The  legs  in  the  specimen  were  damaged."  As  the 
diagnosis  of  the  species  of  Megarhinus  depends  largely  upon  the 
markings  of  the  tarsi,  this  species  will   remain  an  empty  catalogue 


Dec,  1907  ]  Book  Notices.  243 

name.  M.  herickii,  which  is  intended  for  the  species  previously  de- 
scribed by  us  as  M.  septenfrioualis,  is  again  heralded  forth  as  a  new 
species,  although  previously  described  in  the  Entomologist.  Mr. 
Theobald's  original  diagnosis  was  based  on  some  remarks  made  by 
Herrick  in  Entomological  News,  and  it  appears  that  he  never  has  had 
a  specimen  before  him.  In  the  present  work  the  species  is  credited  with 
a  new,  purely  imaginary  character,  a  bicolored  caudal  tuft.  The 
paper  published  by  us  on  the  genus  Megarhinus  in  September  of  last 
year  and  which  puts  the  diagnosis  of  the  species  on  a  more  tangible 
and  concise  basis  is  wholly  ignored.  Instead,  hopeless  confusion  is 
created  by  attributing  new  characters  to  the  old  species.  Thus  M. 
longipes  Theob.,  which  was  originally  described  from  a  single  female 
with  banded  tarsi,  is  now  diagnosed  with  "  tarsals  unhanded  "  and  M. 
portoricensis  von  Rod.,  which  is  based  on  a  single  male  without  abdomi- 
nal tufts,  is  now  stated  to  have  the  "  caudal  tufts  steel-blue  and  white. ' ' 

The  subfamily  Culicinfe  contains  63  genera  and  the  author  remarks 
' '  some  mor&'have  been  added  since  this  went  to  press. ' '  Ociileomyia, 
with  the  eyes 'large  and  fused  in  the  mid  line,  and  Rachionotomyia, 
with  a  large  backwardly  projecting  process  on  the  scutellum,  are 
evidently  strongly  marked  forms,  worthy  of  generic  rank  ;  but  the 
others,  separated  on  scale  and  palpal  characters,  are  weak,  artificially 
separated  groups,  and  are  for  the  most  part  not  valid  genera.  In  the 
genus  Janthinosoma,  our  identification  of  posticata  Wied.  is,  we  be- 
lieve, correct,  as  Dr.  Howard  has  examined  the  type  and  there  is 
nothing  in  Wiedemann's  original  description  to  contradict  our  under- 
standing of  the  name.  The  confusion  is  entirely  due  to  Mr. 
Theobald's  misapprehension  of  the  term  "tarsus."  The  new  name 
coquilletti  Theob.  will  stand  as  a  synonym  of  posticata.  The  name 
terminalis  Coq.  will  have  to  stand  for  the  form  misidentified  as  posti- 
cata by  Theobald.  Coquillett's  original  description  of  varipes  is 
quoted,  but  our  correction  from  a  reexamination  of  the  type  is  not 
noticed.  The  new  name  i-rtrcz  is  proposed  for  inusica  Say  (not  Leach). 
We  had  previously  made  the  same  substitution.  The  variety  jamai- 
censis,  described  as  new,  was  previously  named  echinata  by  Dr. 
Grabham. 

Under  Desvoidea,  a  whole  page  is  occupied  with  photographs  of 
the  head  and  anal  end  of  the  larva  of  D.  obturbans.  It  is  unfortunate 
that  every  character  of  value  is  completely  obscured  in  the  mount,  and 
the  illustrations  are  worthless.     Vndi&x  Stegomyia^  Theobald  recognizes 


244  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

that  the  rva.mGfasciata  Fab.  cannot  be  used,  but  he  retains  the  name 
nevertheless  "  to  avoid  endless  confusion."  It  appears  to  us  that  this 
only  increases  the  confusion,  since  all  recent  writers  have  abandoned 
the  name  fasciata.  A  figure  is  given  labeled  "  male  genitalia  of 
Stegomyia  sinipsoni  Theobald."  The  side  pieces  and  clasp  filament 
are  shown  and  two  basal  hairs.  Are  we  to  infer  that  this  species  is 
devoid  of  harpes,  harpagones  and  unci  ?  If  so,  we  wonder  it  has  not 
been  made  the  basis  of  a  subfamily. 

The  new  genus  Pseudohozuardina  is  proposed  for  our  trivittata 
Coq.,  on  scale  characters  entirely. 

A  figure  of  the  male  genitalia  of  Culiciomyia  inornata  Theob.  is  an 
unintelligible  muddle.  We  see  a  clasp  filament  on  the  left,  on  the 
right  an  unattached  piece  which  looks  as  much  like  a  distorted  set  of 
marginal  processes  of  the  side  piece  of  a  Ctilex  as  anything.  Culic- 
iomyia anmilata  Theob.  is  likewise  figured  and  almost  equally  unin- 
telligible. It  is  a  pity  that  the  structures  were  not  better  drawn,  as 
they  are  apparently  peculiar. 

The  description  of  Gnophodeomyia  inornata  Theob.  in  the  Journal 
of  Economic  Biology  had  escaped  us  ;  but  specimens  received  from 
Dr.  Rowland  appear  to  be  an  ordinary  Cnlex.  The  new  genus  Pro- 
tomacleaya  is  made  for  our  triseriatus  Say.  A  portion  of  the  male 
genitalia  oi Pecomyia  tnaculata  Theob.  are  shown,  just  enough  to  excite 
our  interest,  without  conveying  any  valuable  information.  Again 
these  parts  of  Pseiidotheobaldia  niveitcBniata  Theob.  are  figured  with 
the  essential  parts  slurred  over  by  the  artist,  so  as  to  be  unrecognizable. 
Of  Grabhatnia  zvillcocksii  Theob.  more  is  shown,  but  not  all.  Appar- 
ently none  of  Mr.  Theobald's  preparations  are  properly  made,  except 
perhaps  that  of  Culicada  tvaterhoiisei  Theob.  which  is  almost  recog- 
nizable. 

The  genus  Culicada  Felt  is  used  for  24  species.  Mr.  Theobald 
says  "the  type  of  this  genus  should  be  Meigen's  cantons,  not  my 
Culex  canadensis. ^^  But  as  Felt  specified  canadensis  as  the  type,  the 
remark  is  meaningless,  except  as  illustrating  the  author's  ignorance  of 
all  rules  of  nomenclature.  Subcantans,  fitchii  and  abfitchii  are  sepa- 
rated by  the  markings  on  the  thorax,  and  large  figures  are  given  of 
them.  This  is  all  very  well  for  single  specimens,  but  with  long  series 
of  each  species  before  us  we  have  been  unable  to  determine  any, con- 
stant diagnostic  characters  between  the  three  species.  O?iondagensis 
Felt  is  included  and  called  "  evidently  a  very  distinct  species,"  yet 


Dec,  1907.J  Book  Notice.  245 

he  has  failed  to  observe  that  it  is  a  synonym  of  curriei,  which  he 
places  in  Grabhamia.  C.  trichurus  Dyar  and  C.  cinereohorealis  Felt 
are  treated  separately,  but  are  really  one  species.  Under  C.  punctor, 
we  are  told  "  the  American  observers  take  a  wholly  different  insect  to 
he punciorio  that  placed  in  the  Museum  collection;"  but  not  a  char- 
acter is  given  to  enable  us  to  correct  our  error,  if  indeed  Mr.  Theo- 
bald means  to  imply  that  we  are  in  error,  which  is  not  at  all  clear 
from  the  peculiar  wording.  Punctor  is  even  carefully  omitted  from 
the  table,  which,  by  the  way,  is  stated  to  be  "complete." 

Ciiliseta  Felt  is  used,  although  it  is  synonymous  with  Theobaldia  ; 
but  Mr.  Theobald  has  "been  unable  to  work  out  the  two  included 
species,"  from  lack  of  time,  we  suppose. 

Culex,  as  now  restricted,  has  very  nearly  the  same  extent  as  defined 
by  us,  the  genitalia  being  referred  to.  Some  discordant  elements  are 
included,  such  as  ati'opalpus  Coq.,  sylvestris  Theob.,  niveitarsis  Coq. 
(which  may  be  only  an  aberration  of  canadensis,  as  Miss  Ludlow  has 
suggested  to  us),  tortilis  Theob.  and  inconspicuus  Grossb.  for  most  of 
which  there  is  no  excuse,  as  sufficient  data  have  been  published  to  ex- 
clude these  species  from  Culex  if  Mr.  Theobald  had  chosen  to  notice 
the  literature.  He  states  that  the  genitalia  oi  sylvestris  "  are  no  more 
varied  than  one  finds  in  other  closely  related  species  of  Cu/ex,"  which 
is  certainly  a  remarkable  statement,  as  Felt  has  founded  a  genus  on 
them.  They  are  in  reality  very  aberrant.  Culex  sulifuscus  is  founded 
on  a  single  male.  Anyone  familiar  with  the  species  of  Culex,  their 
very  close  affinity  and  the  diversity  of  the  sexes  will  appreciate  the 
impossibility  of  associating  the  proper  female  with  this  form.  Culex 
similis,  which  was  originally  founded  on  females  from  Jamaica,  now 
receives  a  supplementary  description  of  a  male  from  British  Guiana. 
We  feel  sure  that  this  is  really  not  the  same  species,  for  in  our  experi- 
ence, with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  semi -domestic  species,  those 
found  in  the  West  India  Islands  are  distinct  from  those  of  the  main- 
land. Culex  quasisecutor  is  merely  a  maculate  form  of  secutor  and 
not  a  new  species.  A  similar  variation  occurs  in  C.  restuans  Theob. 
and  again  in  C.  territans  Walk. 

Protoculex  Felt  is  used  for  serratus,  dupreei  and  a  new  species, 
quasiserratus,  the  latter  obviously  a  synonym  oi pertinax  Grabham. 

The  appendages  of  the  male  antennae  in  Lophocetatoniyia  are  most 
curious,  but  it  is  very  doubtful  if  the  genus  is  a  good  one,  as  these 
characters  are  not  correspondingly  developed  in  the  female. 


246  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.      [Voi.  xv. 

Tceniorhynchus  is  somewhat  restricted  and,  as  it  stands,  seems  to 
represent  a  natural  group,  at  least  as  far  as  the  species  known  to  us  are 
concerned.  The  name,  however,  is  obviously  wrong  according  to  the 
canons  of  nomenclature.  The  type  is  tceniorhynchus  Wied.,  by  the 
rule  of  tautonomy,  and  the  question  of  the  identification  of  Arribal- 
zaga's  specimens  is  outside  the  matter.  The  name  rightly  should  re- 
place Ciilicelsa  as  used  by  Theobald. 

Chrysoconops  Goeldi  is  used  for  nine  species,  of  which  fulvus 
Wied.  is  the  only  one  known  to  us.  This  has  been  considered  a 
Psorophora  by  Mr.  Coquillett,  from  the  single  specimen  which  has 
outstanding  scales  on-  the  legs.  This  character,  however,  is  entirely 
without  value  in  generic  diagnosis,  and  we  agree  with  Mr.  Theobald 
X}ci.2X  fulvus  is  not  a  Psorophora.  It  is,  in  our  opinion,  an  A'edes  near 
bimaculatus  Coq.,  and  the  genus  Chrysoconops  should  be  placed  as  a 
synonym  of  A'edes. 

The  Uranottenin^  (credited  to  Miss  Mitchell  instead  of  Lahille, 
1904  !)  are  recognized  as  a  subfamily,  with  the  definition  "  first  fork- 
cell  is  veiy  stnall,  ■aX^'2i^%  smaller  than  the  second  posterior  cell.'*' 
Nevertheless,  in  the  table  Mimomyia  Theob.  is  included  with  "  first 
fork-cell  nearly  as  large  as  the  second  posterior  cell,"  which  begins 
to  cast  doubt  on  the  subfamily  character,  and  finally  this  is  completely 
vitiated  by  the  inclusion  oi  Anisocheleoinyia  (?)  albitarsis  Ludlow  with 
^' first  sub-marginal  cell  nearly  a  half  longer  .  .  .  than  the  second 
posterior  cell."  That  is,  in  order  to  find  a  species  by  Theobald's 
book,  we  must  look  in  a  subfamily  and  genus  from  which,  on  his  own 
■definitions  and  tables  it  is  positively  excluded  ! 

We  are  unable  to  distinguish  UranotcEuia  viinuta  Theob.  from  the 
previously  described  U.  lowii  T\ito\).,  nor  are  specimens  before  us  from 
Georgetown,  British  Guiana  (the  type  locality),  which  have  been 
kindly  communicated  to  us  by  Dr.  Rowland,  to  be  distinguished. 
Probably  Mr.  Theobald  ha5  "forgotten"  that  he  had  already  de- 
scribed the  species,  and  so  gave  us  a  second  name. 

Lepidophitys  Coq.  is  used  for  squamiger  Coq.  and  sylvicola  Grossb. 
(rightly  grossbecki  D.  &  K. ),  but  the  two  are  not  separated,  the 
description  being  taken  from  adults  supplied  by  Dr.  Felt.  We  might 
judge  what  they  were  by  the  locality,  but  this  is  not  mentioned. 
.Si]uamiger\)X^^di%  in  salt  tide- water  on  the  coast  of  southern  California, 
while  grossbecki  inhabits  woodland  pools  in  the  Atlantic  states.  The 
larvee  of  both  are  typical  A'edes  allied  to  canadensis.  A  separate 
genus  for  these  species  is  totally  unnecessary. 


Dec,  1907.]  Book  Notice.  247 

Ciilex  melaniirus  Coq.  is  referred  to  Melanoconion,  and  Mr.  Co- 
quillett  is  scolded  for  not  placing  it  there  originally.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  genus  Melanoconion  had  not  been  proposed  when  Coquillett 
published  his  Culex  melaniirus,  and  in  his  later  work  he  did  place  it 
in  Melanoconion,  long  before  Mr.  Theobald  did  so.  This  appears 
like  a  wilful  misrepresentation.  M.  annulipes  from  Jamaica  is  de- 
scribed as  new.  The  description  is  unfortunately  inadequate  for 
recognition  and  we  are  unable  to  place  the  species  in  our  tables. 

The  genus  Pneuniaculex  Dyar  is  used  for  signifer,  and  the  author 
exhibits  again  his  ignorance  of  the  rules  of  nomenclature  by  calling 
the  genus  a  nonien  nudum.  It  is  true  that  no  descriptive  matter  that 
would  enable  Mr.  Theobald  to  place  the  genus  in  his  scheme  of  scale 
classification  was  given,  but  other  characters  were  given  and  a  type 
was  specified.  The  genus  was  therefore  properly  established.  To  be 
consistent  Mr.  Theobald  should  add  his  nomen  nudum  label  to  many 
other  genera,  such  as  Culex  Linnaeus.  But  our  author  is  never  con- 
sistent, nor  has  he  the  judicial  mind  that  will  enable  him  to  separate 
a  scientific  subject  from  personal  preferences.  The  work  of  persons 
from  whomi  he  has  had  favors  or  commendation  is  referred  to  leniently 
or  frequently  quoted,  while  that  of  persons  who  have  criticized  his 
work  is  harshly  spoken  of  or  ignored.  This  can  only  result  in  serious 
detraction  from  the  authority  and  scientific  value  of  the  volumes 
before  us. 

Under  A'edes,  a  new  species,  nigrescens,  is  described.  We  should 
say  that  it  was  properly  a  Culex  with  short  palpi  in  the  male,  like 
other  species  we  are  familiar  with  ;  but  as  only  the  tip  of  the  genitalia 
is  figured,  the  most  important  organs  remain  unrevealed  and  we  can- 
not feel  certain. 

Hcemagogus  equinus  Theob.  is  now  placed  in  Cacomyia  Coq.,  and 
the  error  of  the  original  description  is  repeated,  namely  the  statement 
that  the  claws  are  simple.  They  are  really  toothed,  as  we  know  from 
an  examination  of  Dr.  Grabham's  other  specimen,  which  the  doctor 
has  kindly  loaned  us,  and  from  an  examination  of  Theobald's  type, 
which  has  been  made  by  Dr.   Howard. 

Under  the  clumsy,  redundant  term  Metanototrichse-Heteropalpfe, 
the  distinct  group  Sabethinae  is  at  last  recognized.  We  have  repeat- 
edly insisted  on  this  group  as  the  only  one  deserving  subfamily  rank, 
but  our  remarks  are  unnoticed  by  Mr.  Theobald,  probably  because  too 
recent.      His  book,  in  the  matter  of  detail,  is  fully  a  year  behind  its 


248  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       lvoI.  xv. 

date  of  publication.  The  author  has  been  overwhelmed  by  his  wealth 
of  material  and  the  rapidity  of  the  pace  that  has  been  set  in  the  study 
of  these  insects.  We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  name  Sabethinge 
should  obtain  for  this  group,  as  founded  on  the  oldest  included  genus. 

Lutz's  table  of  genera  is  translated  from  the  Portugese  and  copied, 
with  sundry  mutilations,  which  are  not  pointed  out.  Dr.  Lutz  is  able 
to  prepare  a  table  in  proper  dichotomous  form,  but  the  translation 
would  not  lead  one  to  think  so.  On  page  593  a  figure  is  copied  from 
Goeldi  which  purports  to  be  "  Siphon  of  Trichoprosopon  nivipes  Theo- 
bald." That  this  really  represents  the  larva  of  Limatus  diirhami 
Theob.,  probably  makes  no  difference  to  our  author,  since  apparently 
all  larvse  look  alike  to  him.  It  might,  however,  mislead  some  reader 
who  was  not  acquainted  with  Dr.  Goeldi's  work. 

Theobald  retains  Trichoprosopon  (not  Trichoprosopus  Macq. )  in- 
stead of  Joblotia  Blanchard,  regarding  the  difference  in  termination 
as  sufficient  distinction.  We  do  not  concur  in  this  view,  the  names 
meaning  the  same  and  being  so  similar  as  to  cause  confusion.  Still 
this  is  a  matter  subject  to  opinion  ;  but  not  so  the  use  of  Joblotia  for 
a  distinct  genus,  which  is  wholly  unwarranted.  That  genus  should  be 
known  as  Lesticocampa  D.  &  K. 

The  genera  Philodendromyia  and  Polylepidomyia  are  placed  here  ; 

but  as  both  are  stated  to  have  the  metanotum  nude,  this  position  is 

incomprehensible,  unless  indeed  a  deliberate  attempt  has  been  made 

to  confuse  the  reader. 

Harrison  G.   Dyar. 

Frederick  Knab. 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C, 
July  30,  1907. 


NOTICE  FROM   THE  NEWARK  ENTOMOLOICAL 

SOCIETY. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Newark  Entomological  Society  on  the 
fourth  floor  of  the  Newark  Turn  Hall  were  completely  destroyed  by 
fire  in  the  early  morning  of  June  3,  1907.  The  conflagration  de- 
molished not  only  the  entire  building,  but  resulted  in  the  loss  of  three 
lives. 

The  property  of  the  Society  consisted  of  a  forty  drawer  cabinet 
containing  one  thousand  specimens  of  Lepidoptera  and  two  thousand 


Dec,  1907.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  249 

five  hundred  specimens  of  Coleoptera,  mostly  representing  local  forms, 
besides  a  small  collection  in  other  orders ;  also  a  book  case  with  one 
hundred  and  ten  bound  volumes  and  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  un- 
bound volumes  and  pamphlets.  All  of  this  property  was  consumed  by 
the  flames  except  a  few  books  that  were  in  the  hands  of  members. 
This  collection  of  publications  and  insects  was  the  accumulation  of 
over  twenty  years  of  the  Society's  existence,  and  as  the  loss  was  only 
partially  covered  by  insurance  it  will  be  a  long  time  before  it  can  be 
replaced.  Some  of  the  books,  perhaps,  can  never  be  obtained  again. 
The  Society  will  be  exceedingly  grateful  for  any  help  in  the  way 
of  rebuilding  the  library  that  may  be  given  it.  Entomologists  are 
earnestly  invited  to  send  separates  of  their  papers  or  other  publications 
that  they  may  have  in  duplicate,  for  which  the  costs  of  transmission 
will  be  gladly  refunded.  Until  the  Society  is  again  established  in 
permanent  quarters  parcels  should  be  addressed  to  the  secretary,  at 
New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

John  A.  Grossbeck, 

Secretary. 


PROCEEDINGS    OF   THE    NEW    YORK    ENTO- 
MOLOGICAL   SOCIETY. 

Meeting  of  February  5,  1907. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  W.  Leng  in 
the  chair  with  fourteen  members  and  one  visitor  present. 

The  librarian,  Mr.  Schaeffer,  reported  the  receipt  of  the  following  exchanges  : 

Canadian  Entom.,  XXXIX,  No.  i. 

University  of  Montana,  Bull.  37,  Geological  Series,  No.  2. 

The  Polymorphism  of  Ants,  with  an  Account  of  Some  Singular  Abnormalities 
Due  to  Parasitism.      Prof.  W.  M.  Wheeler. 

Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftl.  Insektenbiologie,  II,  No.  12. 

Verhandl.  d.  k.-k.  zool.-bot.  Gessellschaft.  Wien,  LVI,  Nos.  8  and  9. 

The  Insect  World,  X,  No.  12. 

The  Solitary  Wasps.     Geo.  W.  and  Elizabeth  G.  Peckham. 

The  treasurer  made  a  report  of  the  condition  of  the  finances  of  the  society. 

Mr.  Harris  chairman  of  the  auditing  committee  stated  that  the  books  of  the 
treasurer  had  been  audited  and  found  correct  and  moved  that  a  vote  of  thanks  be 
extended  to  the  treasurer  for  the  care  and  solicitude  exercised  by  him  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duties  during  the  past  year.      Motion  carried. 

Messrs.  E.  P.  Felt,  E.  A.  Bischoff,  J.  R.  de  la  Torre  Bueno,  proposed  at  the 
last  meeting  for  active  membership  and  Professor  J.  B.  Smith  as  corresponding  mem- 
ber, were  elected  by  single  ballot  on  motion  of  Mr.  Groth. 


250  Journal  New  York  Entomological    Society.      [VoL  xv. 

Mr.  Dickersorr  spoke  of  some  insects  which  had  been  brought  to  his  attention  as 
injurious  during  the  past  year  in  connection  with  his  work  at  the  New  Jersey  Experi- 
ment Station.  Specimens  of  insects  and  work  were  exhibited.  A  small  moth,  Pen- 
thina  hebesana  Wlk. ,  breeds  in  seed  pods  of  Iris.  Mr.  Gibson  in  Canada  has  found 
this  species  breeding  in  heads  of  mullein.  Apparently  it  breeds  in  several  plants.  It 
would  be  injurious  only  where  the  seed  of  the  Iris  are  desired  as  was  the  case  in  one 
nursery. 

Phylloxera  carya-catdis  Fitch  forms  galls  in  the  twig  and  leaf  petioles  of  hick- 
ory. In  one  place  where  this  tree  was  planted  along  the  street  it  had  been  injured 
by  this  insect  causing  the  leaves  to  turn  brown  and  fall  off. 

The  pear-leaf  blister-mite,  Phytoptus pyri,  was  found  in  several  localities  on  pear 
trees. 

The  pear  psylla,  Psylla  pyricola,  was  somewhat  injurious  in  one  locality,  not 
only  because  of  its  sucking  out  the  plant  juices  but  more  particularly  because  of  the 
smut  fungus  growing  on  the  "  honey  dew  "  given  off  by  the  insect.  This  causes  the 
foliage  and  fruit  to  become  blackened. 

The  soft  scale,  Eulecaniiim  nigrifasciatum  was  observed  on  peach  trees  in  one 
locality  and  it  injured  the  fruit  as  did  the  previous  insect  because  of  the  abundance  of 
smut  fungus  on  the  fruit  and  growing  on  the  "  honey  dew." 

A  species  of  red  spider  was  observed  on  oak  and  some  other  plants.  In  some 
instances  the  leaves  of  the  oak  were  much  injured  by  this  species  feeding  upon  them 
and  causing  them  to  turn  brown  and  dry. 

The  rose  bug,  Macrodactylns  subspittosus,  was  somewhat  more  abundant  than 
usual. 

The  army  worm,  Leucania  itnipuncta,  occurred  at  Woodbine  and  destroyed 
some  ten  acres  of  millet  and  other  grain.      Very  few  of  the  larvae  were  parasitized. 

Hyperaspis  signata  was  abundant  a  year  ago  on  the  trees  infested  with  Pulvinaria 
scale,  feeding  upon  that,  but  this  year  it  was  found  ie.cd\vi^Qt\  Pseudococais  aceris  and 
undoubtedly  will  do  much  to  check  that  insect  as  it  did  the  cottony  maple  scale. 

On  question  of  Mr.  Leng,  Mr.  Dickerson  discussed  the  present  condition  of  the 
mosquito  campaign  in  New  Jersey.  He  spoke  of  the  amount  of  money  available  for 
the  purpose  and  to  what  extent  ditching  had  been  carried  on  for  draining  purposes 
and  of  what  noticeable  results  had  already  been  obtained  in  the  diminution  of 
mosquitoes  on  Staten  Island  and  various  parts  of  northern  New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Matausch  exhibited  six  species  of  Catocala  moths  which  had  been  taken  in 
Central  Park  during  the  past  summer. 

Mr.  Barber  exhibited  a  box  containing  some  of  the  rarer  Hemiptera-Heier- 
optera,  obtained  by  him  in  the  Huachuca  Mountains  of  Arizona.  He  spoke  par- 
ticularly of  the  genus  Leptoglossus  and  mentioned  taking  a  new  species  of  this  genus 
there  and  another  in  Sioux  Co.,  Nebraska,  during  the  past  summer.  He  also 
exhibited  all  of  the  members  of  the  genus  Catorhintha  which  are  known  to  occur  in 
the  United  States  and  told  how  they  were  distinguished  from  some  of  the  closely 
allied  genera  of  Coreidse. 

Mr.  Leng  exhibited  some  specimens  of  the  family  Lampyridse  belonging  to  the 
tribe  Phengodini.  He  spoke  of  the  fact  that  thus  far  nothing  had  been  written  of 
the  female  even  by  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  his  specimens  representing  this  tribe  were  all 
males.      He  requested  information  in  reference  to  the  females  of  any  member  of  this 


Dec,  1907.]  Proceedings  of  the  Society.  251 

tribe.  Mr.  Schaeffer  stated  that  he  had  taken  in  Arizona  the  female  of  a  new  species 
of  Cenophengtis  which  belonged  to  this  tribe  and  spoke  particularly  of  the  phosphor- 
escence of  this  and  other  forms  of  Lampyridse. 

Professor  Wheeler  spoke  of  the  work  of  Professor  Showatasi,.  of  the  Imperial 
University  of  Tokio,  Japan,  with  phosphorescent  animals,  and  related  how  he  had 
collected  a  great  many  forms  in  this  country  to  which  he  had  given  a  great  deal  of 
investigation.  He  had  taken  numbers  of  the  females  of  Phengodes  at  Morgan  Park, 
Chicago.  On  question  of  Mr.  Southwick,  Professor  Wheeler  discussed  the  theory  of 
Professor  Showatasi,  explaining  that  the  phenomenon  of  phosphorescence  was  caused 
by  the  fact  that  air  admitted  through  the  tracheae  penetrated  certain  fatty  bodies,  thus 
causing  luminosity.      It  was  not  an  oxidation  process  so  far  as  known. 

The  president  appointed  the  following  standing  committees  : 

Auditing :  Messrs.  Harris,  Southwick  and  Dickerson. 

Field :  Messrs.  Engelhardt  and  Davis. 

Meeting  of  February  19,   1907. 

Held  at  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History.  President  C.  W.  Leng  pre- 
sided with  seventeen  members  and  two  visitors  present. 

The  librarian  reported  the  receipt  of  the  following  exchanges : 

Bibliography  of  Canadian  Entomology.      C.  J.  S.  Bethune. 

Mittheilungen  de  Schweiz.  Ent.  Gesellsch.,  XI,  No.  5. 

Entomologisk  Tidskrift,  XXVII,  Nos.  I-4. 

Canadian  Entom.,  XXXIX,  No.  2. 

Revision  of  the  American  Moths  of  the  Genus  Argyresthia.  Aug.  Busck,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXXII,  No.  1506. 

Report  on  the  Mosquitoes  of  the  Coast  Region  of  California,  with  Descriptions 
of  New  Species.     Harrison  G.  Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXXII,  No.  1516. 

Philos.  Soc.  Washington,  Bull.  XV,  pp.  1-26. 

Entomologiske  Middelser,  Dec,  1906. 

Bulletin  Buffalo  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  VIII,  No.  4. 

Mr.  Davis  presented  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Alfred  C.  Burrill  which  was  accepted 
on  motion  of  Mr.  Joutel. 

The  secretary  read  an  invitation  from  the  Seventh  International  Zoological  Con- 
gress inviting  the  society  to  be  represented  by  delegates  at  its  next  meeting  to  be  held 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  August  19  to  23. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Davis,  Professor  Wheeler  was  elected  as  such  a  delegate. 

Mr.  Frank  E.  Watson  exhibited  some  specimens  of  the  typical  Philosamia  cynthia 
moths  and  a  number  of  specimens  of  an  aberrant  form.  He  stated  that  the  peculiar 
variety  differs  from  the  typical  cynthia  in  having  the  area  of  both  wings  between  the 
pink  band  and  the  narrow  olive  band  along  the  outer  margin  with  the  black  scales 
predominating  so  as  to  form  a  conspicuous  wide  black  band  on  both  surfaces.  The 
apices  are  as  in  the  typical  form.  About  75  of  the  cocoons  were  gathered  in  the  fall 
of  1902  near  Crotona  Park.  Part  of  these  he  gave  to  Mr.  Chas.  Myers  who  kept 
them  during  the  winter  in  a  cool  room.  The  remainder  which  he  kept  were  placed 
in  a  cold  cellar  and  were  hatched  under  the  same  conditions  in  which  the  normal 
forms  were  hatched  out.     Of  Mr.  Myers'  lot  two  aberrant  males  hatched  on  the  fif- 


252  Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society.       [Voi.  xv. 

teenth  and  twenty-eighth  of  April,  1903.  Of  Mr.  Watson's  lot  two  aberrant  males 
hatched  on  the  fourth  and  nineteenth  of  August,  1903.  Of  35  cocoons  collected 
from  the  same  locality  late  in  1903  all  produced  typical  forms  the  following  season. 
During  the  fall  of  1904  he  again  obtained  30  cocoons  from  Crotona  Park  from  which 
lot  he  obtained  one  aberrant  female  on  May  9,  1905. 

To  supplement  Mr.  Watson's  exhibit  Mr.  Joutel  showed  typical  cynthia  and  also 
a  variation  with  the  body  nearly  white,  the  wings  with  a  broad,  transverse  white  band 
that  lacked  the  inner  border,  and  base  of  wings  nearly  white.  He  also  showed  ex- 
amples of  a  closely  allied  species  from  Japan  that  is  nearly  like  cynthia  but  has  the 
transverse  lines  differently  angulated  and  shows  by  the  different  structure  of  the  cocoon, 
pupa  and  imago  that  they  are  distinct.  This  is  known  as  pryeri.  Specimens  from 
India  also  shown  differed  from  both  of  the  above  in  makings  and  cocoons  and  were 
described  as  insiilaris.  Another  form  shown  was  from  central  Mongolia  having  the 
outer  transverse  space  a  dark  reddish  brown,  the  wings  not  produced  at  apex  but 
short  and  rounded,  and  the  body  nearly  white.  The  cocoons  are  strikingly  different 
from  the  others  in  shape,  color  and  structure,  being  pure  white  in  the  female  and 
bright  rust-red  in  the  male,  and  lacking  the  stem.  The  name  of  this  species  is  unde- 
termined. Mr.  Joutel  made  some  remarks  on  silk  culture  in  connection  with  the 
cocoons  of  the  above  and  other  species  and  explained  the  difference  between  the  open 
and  closed  cocoons  and  their  respective  value  for  silk.  He  spoke  of  his  experiments 
of  the  last  seven  or  eight  years  with  some  of  the  hardy  silk  worms  of  Asia  and  of  their 
value  as  silk  producers  for  commercial  purposes  in  this  country. 

Mr.  Leng  exhibited  a  few  Nitidulidse  and  read  the  following  notes  in  regard  to 
their  habits.  The  Nitidulidse  are  commonly  known  as  "sap  beetles"  and  include 
those  beetles  which  are  always  to  be  found  in  spring  on  stumps  of  freshly  cut  trees 
from  which  the  sap  is  oozing.  The  family  also  includes  a  number  of  species  and 
genera  which  are  found  about  decomposing  substances  of  various  kinds  They  may 
be><;lassified  according  to  their  usual  occurrence  as  follows  : 

On  sappy  tree  stumps  and  logs,  the  following  genera  are  found  :  Carpophilus, 
Colastus,  Ips,  Amphicrossus,  Cryptarcha,  Prometopia,  Soronia  (except  ulkei)  and 
Epuma  peltoides.  These  genera  are  also  found  by  sifting  old  leaves  about  tree 
stumps  having  perhaps  been  attracted  to  the  locality  by  sap  at  some  previous  time. 

On  flowers  the  following  occur  :  on  nettles,  Brachypterus  urticce  and  Aleligethes  ; 
on  Elder,  Cercus  abdominalis  ;  on  Yucca,  Carpophilus yuccce  ;  on  agave,  Anthonczus 
agavensis ;  on  Convolvulus  (Bind  weed),  Conotettis  [C.  mexicanus,  on  greenhouse 
species) ;  on  Brassica,  Meligethes. 

On  decaying  animal  matter  especially  greasy  bones  :  Nitidula  and  Oviosita. 

On  foreign  dried  fruits  :   Carpophilus  hemipterus. 

Under  bark  on  mould  :  Rhizophagus  and  Prometopia. 

On  fungus  :  Cychramus,  Epuraa,  Phenolia,  Pallodes,  Pocadius  (on  Lycoperdon), 
Oxycnemus  (on  phallus  or  stink-horn  only),  Cybocephalus  (in  clusters  on  fungus- 
grown  logs  and  on  twigs),  Epurcea  monagamia  (on  small  white  globular  fungus  of 
pine). 

On  rotting  fruit :   Stelidota  geminata. 

In  ants'  nests  under  stones,  Saronia  ulkei  (the  ant  being  Cremastogaster  lineo- 
lata  Say,  var.  lutescens  Emery). 

On  palmetto  :  Smicrips  palmicola. 


Index 

To    Names   of    Insects    in 

Volume  XV. 

Generic  names  begin  with  a  capital,  specific  names  with  a  small  initial. 


Abagrotis,     149 

abbreviata,    100 

abdominalis,    252 

aberrans,   186,   188 

aberratella,    138 

abfitchii,    244 

abrasaria,  129 

acadiensis,    151 

acclivis,    108 

aceris,    250 

acmon,   48 

Acontia,   229 

Acrocera,   8 

Acronycta,   221 

Aedes,  9,  17,  201,  213,  216,  2ii 

246,    247 
segrana,   3 1 
aenea,  93 
seneus,   95 
sequalis,  3 
aerea,    91 
sestiva,    86 
sestuans,    7 
affurata,    158 
Agapema,    176 
agavensis,    252 
Agdistis,     172 
Agia,  132 
agitator,    100 
Aglais,  43 
Agonosoma,  5 
agnostips,   211 
Agraylea,    164 
agricola,   48 
agrotiformis,    158 
Agrotiphila,     151 
Agrotis,    143,    144,    146,    147 
Akroma,   4 


241, 


Alabama,   59,    118 
Alarodia,   221 
albalis,    145  < 

albicollis,  5 
albilinea,   161 
albipes,    169 
albitarsis,   246 
albopenicillatus,    i 
albopunctatus,    215 
albovaria,    6 
alia,    160 
Allograpta,    93 
Allotrichia,    164 
alpinella,    137 
alternaus,    159 
alternata,    8,    175 
alternatus,  79 
Alydus,    116 
amaryllis,   231 
Amathes,    113 
americana,  155 
americanus,    92,    167,    181 
amicus,    185 
Amphicrossus,    252 
Amphidasys,   222,   234 
ampla,    156 
amydalina,  161 
analis,   8,   98    . 
Anapera,    6 
Anaphes,    59 
Anaphora,    52 
Anarmostus,    8 
Anarta,    151,    iss 
angelus,   228 
anguina,    154 
angustana,   22 
angustior,    185 
angustiorata,    54 


253 


254 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


angustiventris,    98 
angustivittatus,    9 
animosana,  235 
Anisocheleomyia,    246 
Anisolabis,    168 
Anisotaenia,    20 
Anistoma,    175 
Annaphila,    141 
annulata,    244 
annulicornis,    8 
annulipes,    168,    247 
annulitarsis,    8 
Anomala,   68,  69 
Anomogyna,    149 
anonymus,    7 
Anopheles,    13,    17,    19S 
Anosia,    44 
antennata,   68,   69 
Anthonreus,    252 
anthononii,     179,     181 
Anthonomus,    180 
Anthrax,   4 
Antichseta,   8 
antiopa,   43 
antoni,    168 
Apatelodes,    231 
Aphis,  9 
Aphodius,   61 
aphrodite,   56 
approximatus,   82 
Aprostocetus,     180 
aranea,   6 
arboricola,    "jz,    -jt, 
arcanus,    1 1 
Archips,   235 
arctons,    187 
arcuatus,    92,    185,    187 
areletta,   229 
areli,   230 
argillacea,   59,    118 
Argynnis,   42,   56 
Argyramoeba,  4 
arietis,    152,    153 
arizonensis,    61,    184,    18 
arizonica,    63,    ■}■>, 
arizonicus,   "^6,   jy^   79 
arizoniella,    140 
armaticeps,    189 
artesta,    156 
Asphondylia,    8 
associans,    149 
asterquinus,  5,   6 
asteroides,    40 
astricta,    146 
Ataxia,   84 
ater,    i 
atlantis,  56 


215,   242 


Atlides,  45 
atomosana,    22 
Atomosia,    5 
atrifrons,    147 
atriplicis,  4,  8 
atropalpus,    11,    245 
atropos,   7 
atrox,    I 

audaculana,    235 
auge,  226 
augusta,    42 
aurantiaca,    141 
auratus,   9,    10 
aureana,    25 
aurealbida,    31 
aureoviridis,    178 
aurescens,  208 
auricomana,    236 
auricularia,    170 
austriana,  236 
Autographa,    120 
Automeris,    131 
auxiliaris,    144 
azteca,   232 

Baccha,   91 

baccharis,    6 

badiana,    20 

balteatus,    9 

baracana,    23 

Barathra,    150 

barberi,    242 

bardus,    184,    188 

basalis,  75,  79 

Basilarchia,    44 

beata,  149 

belus,   So 

bellum,    5 

beutenmuelleri,    219,    221 

beyeri,    66 

Bibio,   8 

bicolor,    89 

bifurcatus,  242 
bigoti,  122 
bilineata,   2^3 
bimaculana,   30 
bimaculatus,   246 
binotata,    70 
bipartita,    97 
birdana,    22 
birkmanni,    184 
Blepharapeza,   8 
Bombylius,    i,   4 
Boreodromia,   8 
Boreomyia,  8 
Borkhausenia,     139 
Borolia,    160 


Index. 


255 


146,  147,  169 


26 


Botis,    104 

Brachmia,    137 

Brachycosmia,   113 

Brachylomia,    113 

Brachypteromyia,     6 

Brachypterus,    252 

Bradycinctus,   61 

brassicse,    120,    150 

brevisetosa,    62 

Brothylus,   82 

bruchi,    181 

Bruchus,    181 

brunnea,    116, 

Bryomma,   113 

bubalus,    119 

bucephalus,   2 

bunteana,    20, 

burgessi,    168 

buscki,    166,    167 

buxea,   52 

Cac(Ecia,    235 

Cacomyia,  247 

Cacotherapia,    52 

caducus,    no 

Csereocharis,    106,    107 

caeruleiformis,   9 

cseruleifrons,    9 

calanus,    130 

Calidota,    228 

californica,   43,   44,    55,   66, 

callidimera,  8 

Callidryas,   41 

callimera,   8 

Callosamia,    loi 

calopus,    13 

calosomata,    200 

cambrica,    129 

campestris,    142,    144,    213 

campicolana,   28 

Canace,  6 

canadensis,   153,   244,   246 

Canarsia,   no 

cancer,   121,   200 

Candida,    48 

canfieldi,    207 

canities,    153 

cantans,  244 

capitosus,    189 

capsularis,   156 

carbonarius,    7 

Cardepia,    156 

carduana,    134 

cardui,  43 

carinicollis,  79 

carinifrons,    71 

Caripeta,    54 

carmodyse,   202 


141,    169 


carolinensis,  5,  6 
carnea,    147 
Carneades,  159 
carpinata,   132 
Carpocapsa,    35,    120 
Carpophilus,    252 
Carposina,    19,  34 
cams,    81 
caryje,   43 
caryre-caulis,  250 
cassicordis,   53 
catalinella,    136 
Catocala,  250 
Catorhintha,    250 
cavifrons,    70 
cavirostris,    78,   80 
Cecidomyia,    4 
Celaena,    153,    155 
Cenophengus,    251 
centralis,  7,  69 
cepetorum,   6 
cephalanthi,    9 
Ceramica,    160 
Ceratolophus,   i 
Ceratopogon,    7 
Cercus,    252 
Cercyonis,   44 
Ceresa,    119 
ceresara,    119 
Ceria,    100 
Chabuata,    156 
chjetopodus,  91 
Chalcomyia,  91 
chartaria,    150 
Chartaria,   150 
Chelisoches,    169 
chevrolatii,    80 
Chilosia,    90 
Chironomus,    3,    7 
Chlidonia,   20 
chloropha,    141 
choris,   143 
Chorizagrotis,   144 
Chrysobia,    45 
chrysocephalus,    242 
Chrysoceria,   i 
Chrysoconops,    246 
chrysomus,    208 
Chrysogaster,  88 
Chrysops,  7,  8 
chrysopyga,    8 
chrysopygata,    8 
cHrysotoxum,    88 
cimbiciformis,    97 
cinctipes,    188 
cinerea,    142,    147 
cinereicollis,    147 


256 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


cinereoborealis,  245 
cinereomaculata,  143 
cingulata,    3 
cinnabarina,    155 
circuita,    109 
circumcincta,    155,    210 
circumvadis,    156 
Cirphis,    160 
Cirrhophanus,     108 
cladonia,   234 
clavata,  91 
Cleora,    53 
Clisiocampa,    2:^2 
cloanthoides,    145 
clypealis,    68,    70 
Clysia,    20 
coadjutor,    51 
coarctatus,   87 
cockerelli,    8,    188 
codiocampa,    209 
coenia,  44 
cogitans,    143 
cognatella,   164 
Colastus,   252 
colatus,   188 
Colinita,    139 
colla,  229 
coloradensis,    164 
Columbia,  48,    153 
Columbiana,   237 
columbica,    72 
comes,   22,   31 
comis,    15s 
comma,    51 
comosa,    90 

Commophila,    19,    21,    30 
communis,    158 
Conanthalictus,  182 
conar,    158 
concordata,    129 
Condidea,    95 
condolescens,    11 
configurata,    150 
confusa,    159 
confusus,    208 
congermana,    160 
congregatus,    181 
conjugata,    152 
connata,    63 
Conops,    5 
conostoma,  96 
Conotetus,    252 
conradti,   231 
conservator,    203 
consolator,    204 
consopita,    158 
contrahens,    158 


constricta,    142 

convallaria,   129 

cooleyi,    186,    188 

Copaeodes,   48 

Copitarsia,    159 

coquilletti,  243 

cora,  '141,  227 

corx,  77,  80 

cordleyi,   186,   188  - 

coriaceus,   184,    187 

corrigani,    203 

Coscinoptycha,    35 

Cosmosoma,    226 

cossoides,    53 

costipennis,    83 

coticula,    loi 

cotullensis,    182 

Crambidia.    227 

crassicornis,    186 

Craterestra,    150 

Cremastogaster,    252 

creper,    92 

crescentella,    36 

cribrosa,    63 

criddlella,   no 

Criorhina,    5,    99 

cristifera.    154 

Crocigrapha,    160 

crotchi,    152 

crucians,    242 

crydina,    152 

crypta,  85 

Cryptarcha,   252 

Cryptopristus,    178 

cubensis,    9,    100 

culea,    158 

Culex,   II.   13,    16,   100,   123,  201,  202, 

203,    204,    205,    207,    214,    215,    218, 

241,    242,   244,    245,    247 
Culicada,   244 
Culicelsa,    246 
Culiciomyia,  244 
culicivora,    207 
Culiseta,    17,    245 
cumatilis,   129 
Cupido,  46 
curriei,    245 
Curtoneura,    8 
curvipes,   98 
cyanea,    190 
cyaneus,    208 
cybele,  56 
Cybocephalus,  252 
Cychramus,    252 
cylindrica,   94 
cymatophora,    129 
cynica,    158 


Index. 


267 


cynipsea,  6 

Cynthia,    loi,    174,    251,    25; 

Cyrtoxipha,    237 

dsedalus,  47 
Danielsia,   201 
Dargida,    155 
dasiphorse,    185 
Dasylechia,    i 
Dasyllis,    s 
Datana,    55 
decemlineata,     igo 
deceptana,   29 
declarata,   144 
decolor,    144 
decorus,  84 
defecta,    193 
defessa,   150 
Deinocerites,    121,    200 
delicatula,    237,    238 
delicia,    52 
Dendrolimus,   231 
densa,    154 
denticularia,    107 
derivatum,   88 
desiderata,    6 
despecta,   5 
destinata,    129 
Desvoidea,    243 
determinata,   153 
dia,    160 

Diarhabdosia,    22-;,    22S 
diatretus,    186,    187,    188 
Dicentria,  230 
dichrous,    79 
digitatus,   206,   207 
Dilophus,   4 
dimidiatus,    95 
dimorphella,    136 
Dinomimetes,    120 
Dimorus,    177 
diplosidis,    180 
Diplosis,   4,    181 
Diplotaxis,   61 
Discestra,    150 
Dischistus,  4 
discolor,     153 
Discotenes,    116 
discus,   186,   188 
distinctus,    188 
Ditropinotus,   178,   179 
divergens,   185,   188 
divisus,   7 
Ditomyia,   3 
Dixa,    7 

docilis,    146,    148 
dolorosus.   I 


domestica,   8 
dorsalis,    119,   241 
dorsilutea,   142 
dorsimaculana,     22 
Drosophila,    2 
dryope,  45 
Dryotype,    113 
dubifer,    109 
dubius,  5 
ducens,    146 
dulcicordis,   51 
duponcheliana,    19,   21 
dupreei,  245 
dyari,  8,   109 
Dyotopasta,    140 

carina,   152,   153 
eborata,  132 
eboriosa,    160 
echinata,  243 
ectrapela,    156 
edwardsi,   130 
edwardsiana,   2^ 
edithella,    138 
egberti,  214 
egregius,    79,    86,    88 
eiseni,  242 
ejuncida,  98 
electra,    54 
elegans,  229 
Elipsocus,  166 
elongata,    106 
emarginata,   93 
emmedonia,    158 
encelioides.    182 
enoptes,   48 
Epargyreus,   49 
Epia,   156 
Epicallima,    138 
Epidemia,    46 
epigsea,    63 
epilais,   226 
Episilia,   148 
Epistor,    50 
epitedeus,    120 
Epursea,  252 
equinus,  247 
equivocator,   203 
Erax,    5 
ericetorum,  49 
Eridontomerus,    178,    179 
eriensis,    147 
erigeronana,    22 
Eriglyptus,   179,   :8o 
Eriopyga,   158 
Eristalis,  95 
erratica,    149 


258 


JOURNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society 


erroraria,   io6 
erynnioides,  50 
Erynnis,    48,    51 
eryphon,   45 
estriatus,   75,    79 
eubule,   41 
Euchaetes,  229 
Eucymatoge,   234 
Eudicrana,  3 
Eudistenia,  82 
Eulecanium,  250 
Euparyphus,  4 
Eupoedus,   91 
Euphoria,   73 
Eupithecia,   107 
extricator,   205 
Epuraea,   252 
Eugonia,   43 
Eupoecilia,    21 
eurinus,    116 
Eurotype,    113 
eurydice,  41 
Eurymus,   41 
eury theme,   41 
Euxanthis,   21 
Eustroma,    129 
Eutreta,  6 
Eutricha,   231 
Euvanessa,   43 
Euxanthis,   21 
Euxoa,    142,   i43j    145 
evanidalis,   145 
evicta,    159 
evingi,   159 
excavata,    66 
exculpatrix,    230 
exigua,   T2, 
Exoprosopa,  4 
exoticaria,   233 
expulsa,   143 
extincta,    161 

farinosus,    184,    186 
fartus,    186 
fasciata,  8,  94,  244 
fascialis,    98 
fedorensis,    185 
Felderia,   53 
feliculella,    no 
felix,   20 
Feltia,   145.   146 
femoralis,  89 
femorata,  6 
fernaldana,  36 
ferrea,   155 
ferruginea,  53 
festiva,   89 
filiana,  135 


fiinbriata,   6 
fimbripes,    68 
fiskeana,    18 
fitchii,  244 
flabilis,    161 
flammea,    161 
flavescens,   6,11 
flavicornis,    162 
flavida,    164 
flavilla,    69 
flavipennis,    70 
flavipes,   8,   93,   95 
flavitibia,  99 
fletcheri,   1 1 
floccosana,   22 
tlorida,  150 
floridana,    71 
floridanus,   79 
forbesii,   184,   187 
forcipata,   170 
Forficula,    170 
Formica,   176 
foxii,    186,    187,    18 
fusculenta,    152 
fracta,    93 
fragilis,  232 
fraterna,   164 
fraternana,    134 
fraudulosa,   99 
frigidaria,    129 
frontalis,    2 
Frontina,  8 
frontosa,    4 
frugiperda,    120 
fugax,  7 
fulgidus,    188 
fuligineus.  8 
fuliginosus,  8 
fulla,   46 
fulveola,  73 
fulviplicana,   31 
fulvus,  4,  246 
funebris,    151 
funeralis,   49 
fur,   13 
furcatus,    7 
furfurata,    158 
fuscipennis,    184,    ; 
fuscipes,  4 
fuscodorsana,    31 
fuscofasciella,    137 
fusculenta,   156 
fusca,   142,   232 
fuscus,    131 

Gaediopsis,  8 
gagatina,  170 
galbina,    176 


87 


Index. 


259 


galpinsiae,   i86,   187,   188 
Gastroidea,    190 
gaudeator,  204 
Gelechia,    136 
gelidus,   188 
geminata,   94,   252 
geniculata,   6 
gillettei,    234 
glabriventris,    184 
glacialis,    8 
Glaucina,    105,    107 
glaucopis,    154 
Gloveria,    54 
Glyphidocera,    136 
Gnophodeomyia,    242 
golgolata,   107 
Gonorthus,    233 
gorgasi,    198 

Grabhamia,  241,  244,  245 
gracilis,    148 
graminivora,   155 
grandis,    23,    150 
granitata,   128 
granosus,    187 
granulatus,    181 
Graphiphora,   159 
gravidula,    169 
grossbecki,   246 
gularis,    187 
gundlachi,    2;}7,    238 
gunniana,    26 
gussata,    156 

Hadena,    150.    155 
hadeniformis,    150 
Hjemagogus,    247 
Hasmatomis,  227 
haemorrhoidalis,    12 
hsemorrhous,   90 
halesiis,   45 
lialophilus,    3 
hainara,   155 
hanhamella,   no 
Harpagl;ea.   113 
hastata,    129 
hebesana,   250 
Heliothis,    117,    141 
helloides,    46 
Helophilus,  96 
helveolus,   3 
Hemerophila,    137 
Hemiargus,   48 
heiTiipterus,   252 
Hendecaneura,     134 
henrici,   123,   130 
herilis,    146 
herrickii,    12,  243 
Heterochroa,   2 


heterodoxa,   160 
hilda,    46 
Himella,    158 
Holaspis,  178 
Holcocera,    140 
HolocentropuSj    162 
Holorusia,    7 
Homodexia,   8 
Homoncocnemis,     113 
homothe,   211 
hortator,    12 
hosautus,  211 
hospitalis,    146 
huntera,    43 
Hydriomena,   129 
Hydroecia,   52 
Hydroptila,    163 
Hylesia,    51 
Hyperaspis,   250 
Hyperechia,   i 
hypocritica,    109 
Hypoprepia,    51 
Hyssia,    156 
Hysterosia,   21 
hystricosus,    77 
Halictus,    183,    188 
Halticus,    182 
harterti,    50 
Hemileuca,   54 
Hemitorymus,    178 
Henicomyia,  4 
hesitator,  204,  205 
Hesperia,    49 
histrionella,   74 
Horisemus,    180 
hospes,   25,   26 
hubbardana,  27 
hubbardii,    4 
Hysterosia,   31 

lanassa,    120 
Idaema,   86 
identicus,    207 
illapsa,    149 
illata,    143 
illinoisensis,   98 
imitator,   205 
impingens,   151 
impolita,   150 
inceptaria,   129 
Incisalia,    45,    123,    130 
Incita,    141 
incivis,    149 
inconcinna,    152 
inconstans,  69 
incubita,    142 
indolescens,    1 1 
india,  40 


260 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


inducta,    159 

infecta,   149 

inferior,    159 

infidelis,    158 

infumatus,    165 

infuscata,    151 

ingeniculata,    146,    148 

ingenuuSj   50 

innuba,    70 

inopiana,    31,   34 

inornata,   244 

inornatus,    96 

inquisitor,    202 

insignata,    143 

insignis,   78 

insolens,     152,    153 

insolita,    10 

insueta,    160 

insularis,   252 

insulsa,    142,    143,    144 

integerrima,  55 

interruptaria,    107 

intestinata,    234 

integer,   96 

introferens,  144 
invalidaj    154 
io,  131 
lole,  41 
Ipe,  252 
irus,   123,   130 
Tsochaetes,  219 
isola,  48 
Tsopenthes,   4 
Isosoma,  179 

jaculifera,    146 
jsennickeana,  4 
jamaicensis,    241,    243 
janeirensis,   168 
Janthinosoma,  241,   243 
jenningsi,  204,   205 
Joblotia,    123,   206,   248 
Johanniseniellaj    i 
joutelii,    17s 
jubilator,  201 
jucunda,    147 
jucundissima,  226 
juguilensis,  66 
jnncta,    147,    193 
Junonia,   44 

kelloggi,  151 
Kelloggina,  i 
kinciadii,  184 
knausii,  64,  67 

Labia,    168 
labruscse,  50 


'    Lachnosterna,   63 

Isetabilis,    149 

hetus,    97 

laevicollis,    80 

l?evifrons,  90 

lamentator,    13 

lanceolatuSj   87 

lanuginosa,    151 

Laphygma,    120 

lapponica,    151 

larissa,    154 

Lasiestra,   151,    152 

Lasionycta,   152 

Lasiophthicus,   92 

lata,  88,  95 

Lathosea,   159 

laticapitana,  20 

laticauda,  8 

latifrons,  96,  97,    185 

latisquamma,   123 

latitibia,    71,    7^ 

latiuscula,  8 

laudamia,   228 

lavana,  27 

leguminana,   28 

Lemonias,  42 
Lepidoplatys,    246 
lepidula,    153 
leprincei,    202 
Leptinotarsa,  190 
Leptogaster,  i 
Leptomeris,   129 
Leptoglossus,   250 
Leptopteromyia,   2 
Leptostytus,  83 
Leptotes,  48 
lerouxii,    184,    186 
Lesticocampa,    122,   207,  248 
Leucania,   156,   160,  161,  250 
leucocycla,   151 
leucographa,    74 
Leucophenga,   2 
leucopisthepus,  212 
Leucopis,   9 
Lianema,    85 
ligata,    161 

ligatus.  183,  186,  189 
lignicolor,    120 
Limacodes,   219 
limata.  4 
Limenitis,    44 
b'nearis,   169 
lineata,    51 
Hneolata,    252 
linita,  161,  230 
Liopus,  84 
Listrochelus,  67 
Lithacodes,    18 


Index. 


2G1 


Litanomyia,   8 
lithcecetor,  201 
lixivorus,    180 
Lixus,   180 
Lobophora,    129 
longipes,    81,    243 
Lophoceratomyia,  245 
lorquini,  44 
louisiana,    24 
lowii,  246 
Lozopera,   20 
lubens,    154 
lubricans,    149 
lucicola,   71 
luctuata,   129 
ludoviciana,   70 
lugubrata,    129 
lugnbris,    50 
lupatus,    141 
Luperina,    149 
lusorius,    186 
Lutzia,    122,   241 
luteimargo,   232 
luteopallens,    161 
luteipennis,    169 
luteola,  151 
lutescens,   252 
Lycophotia,   146,  148 
Lygranthoecia,    142 
Lytogaster,  2 

macrocarpana,    31 

macro tus,   212 

Macrodactylus,   250 

maculata,    193,   244 

macuHpennis,    13,    242 

maculosana,   21 

Madiza,    8 

Madoryx,   50 

magnifer,   108 

nirt.cnoliata,  129 

mahometaria,     233 

major,  4 

malefactor,  198 

Mallota,   97 

Mamestra,    120,    144,    150,    152,    153, 

156,   159,    160 
mamillata,   96 
mandana,   228 
Manniana,  20 
Mansonia,   199,  241 
Mantispa,  116 
marginata,    71,   94,    142 
marina,    48 
maritinia,    168 
marloffiana,    26 
Masicera,    8 
medialis,    165 


medioniaculata,  201 

meditata,    153 

medusa,  54 

megadia,    160 

megsera,   154 

Megarhinus,  12,  219,  241,  242,  243 

Megilla,    193 

Megistopoda,   6 

meigenii,  4 

melaleuca,    151 

melanocerumj    2 

melancholica,   74 

Melanoconion,    247 

melanophylum,  200 

melanopis,    158 

Melanostoma,  2,   5,  91 

melanurus,    218,   247 

Meliana,    161 

Meligethes,    252 

melinus,  45 

mellinum,   91 

mellipes,    184 

Menopsimus,  no 

Meritalis,  92 

Mesogramma,    94 

Mesoleuca,    129 

messoria,   142,   143,   159 

Methia,   86 

mexicana,    3,    30,    49,    227 

mexicanus,    252 

meyrickella,    138 

Microdon,   87 

Microdontomerus,    178,    179 

microgaster,    180 

milberti,   43 

Milesia,  99 

militaris,  61 

Mimomyia,  246 

minians,   158 

minor,    169 

minorata,  156 

minotelis,   230 

miniita,   71,    119,   168^   246 

Mochlostyrax,    100 

moderatus,    165 

modestana,   32 

modestus,    7,    81 

moerens,    7 

moeschleri,   151 

mcEstata,   129 

mogilasia,   206 

monagamia,    252 

Monima,    160 

monnon,    174 

Monodontomerus,    178 

Monosca,   159 

montanus,   96 

montivaga,  49 


262 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


Morellia,   8 
moriOj    169 
morniona,   86 
mormonaria,   106 
morrisoni,  5 
Morrisonia,    159 
muceus,    159 
muelleri,   51 
multifaria,    159 
multilinea,   160 
muricata,    62 
muricatulus,   81 
muricina,    159 
Musca,  6,  8 
musculus,  180 
musica,    241,    243 
Myiolepta,    91 
mylitta,    43 
Myopsocus,    164 
myrmex,  76,   80 
myrodora,   226 
myrtilli,  151 
mystrocneme,   51 
Myzomyia,   240,   242 
Myzorhynchella,  242 

Nausigaster,   5 
nasica,   94 
Nathalis,    41 
negussa,    153,    156 
Neleucania,    161 
nelita,   32 

nelumbonis,   184,   187 
Nemopoda,  9 
Neochytus,    81 
Neoclytus,    175 
Neolaparus,    i 
Neolarra,    181 
Nephelodes,    158 
neptaria,    129 
Nesomyia,    180 
NeurecHpsis,    163 
Neuronia,  155 
nevadae,    153 
nicippe,  42 
niger.   186,  187 
nigra,    5,    58,    167,   242 
nigrescens,     186,    247 
nigribimbo,  8 
nigricolb's,    187 
nigricornis,   9 
nigridens,   187 
nigrifasciatum,   250 
nigrifer,    to8 
nigrilimbo,    8 
nigrinus,    180 
nigripes,  88,  242 
nigriventris,    4,    7 


nigritta,    163 

nimia,    158 

niponensis,    35 

nitida,   89 

Nitidula,  252 

niveitseniata,   244 

nivigerata,    129 

nivipes,   207,  248 

nivosus,    78 

noctuidalis,    107 

Noctua,    147,   148,    149,  230 

nora,  6 

normani,   160 

nova,   156 

novella,    5 

nundar,   105 

nyctobia,    132 

obesa,  173 

obliqua,   93 

oblivia,  71 

obscura,  99 

obsoleta,   117 

obturbans,  243 

obturbata,    9 

obumbrata,    3 

obusta,    160 

occidenta,    150 

occidentalis,  5,  6,  13,  40,  166 

occulta,   146,   148 

Ochlerotatus,  241 

Ochlodes,  48 

ochracea,   152 

ochrogaster,    143 

ochropus,   100 

Oculeomyia,   243 

Oditocephalus,   75 

Odontonyx,  3 

Odontota,    119 

odontotae,   119 

CEmes,  82 

oiclus,    50 

Oistophora,   35 

Oligosthenes,    178 

olivacea,  155 

olivia,    145 

olympiae,   184,   187 

Omosita,  252 

omphale,    226 

onondagensis,   244 

oppositus,    165 

ornata.  2,   149 

Orthodes,    158 

OrnithoDertha,   6 

Orthotrichia,    163 

orida,    150 

orizabse,   52 

orobia,   158 


Index. 


263 


Ortalis,    8 
Orthodes,    158 
ovaliceps,    184 
oviduca,    158 
oweni,    128 
Oxycnemus,  252 

Pachynematus,    120 
Pachnobia,    147 
pacificus,    184,    187 
pagetolophus,    109 
palilis,    154 
pallens,   161 
pallescenSj    5,   6 
pallidiventris,    120 
Pallodes,   252 
palmicola,   252 
pampDecilus,   5,   6 
panamena,    210 
Papaipema,   32 
Papilio,  40,  50 
Parabombylius,   i 
Paragus,   89 
parallelana,  24 
parallelus,  184,  186 
Paramorpha,   35 
Paramyia,  2 
parvula,  68,  69,    163 
Passalus,    174 
passer,   149 
patefacta,    147 
patula,   142 
patulana,  235 
paulella,    136 
paulus,   44 
Peconiyia,   244 
pecosensis,   185 
pectinatus,    185 
pectinicornis,    14S 
pectoralis,    185,    187 
pectoraloides,  185,   187 
peltoides,    252 
pensilis,    154 
Penthina.   250 
peninsularis.  61.  70 
peracuta,  159 
peraltus,    187 
perforata,   158 
perforatus,    78 
pergamus,   40 
Peridroma,    149 
Perigea,    109 
Perigonica,    160 
Perigrapha,    159 
perlentans,    144 
permutata,   8 
perplexus,    84 
Persectania,    159 


persic;e,   35 
perspicua,   56 
perta,    153 
pertinax,  7,  245 
pertracta,    161 
pexata,    53 
phaea,    151 
Phalonia,  21 
Phanosolena,    116 
Pharmacis,  21,  29 
Phengodes,  251 
Phenolia,    252 
Phibalapteryx,   234 
Philodendromyia,    248 
philophone,   209 
Philosamia,    loi,    251 
Phlegethontius,    120 
Phobetron,   219,   220,   221 
phcea,   151 
Pholus,   50 

Phoniomyia,    208,    209 
Phorbia,  6 
Phragmatobia,    105 
Phtheochroa,   20,   21 
Phyciodes,  43 
Phylloxera,   250 
phyllozoa,   199 
physetica,    160 
Physocephalaj    7 
Physothorax,    178 
Phytoptus,  250 
picea,   3 
picta.  120,  160 
pictipennis,   89 
pictipes,    4 
pictitarsis,   i 
pigra,   99 
pimalis,   72 
pimana,   24 
piniata,   54 
Pinipestis,  236 
pipiens,    16,   98,   215 
Pipiza.    89 
piscipellis,    147,    230 
pisticoides,   89 
pithecium,   220,   221 
plagens,  8 
planalis,    158 
plangens,    8 
platychirus,    91 
platycnema,  8 
Platynota,    120 
platystoma,   8 
Plecia,    4 

Pleonectyptera,'  107 
Plesiastina,    3 
Plesiostigma,    178 
Plesiostigmodes,    177 


264 


Journal  New  York  Entomological  Society. 


pleuritica,   143 

plexippus,  44 

plicata,   153,  157 

Plutella,    140 

plummeriana,    24 

Plusia,   1 55 

plusixformis,    159 

plutocraticuSj  1 1 

Pneumaculex,    247 

Pocadius,  252 

podographicus,    10 

poeyi,    78 

Polia,    151,    152,    153,    154,    iss,    156 

polita,   8,   94 

polychalca,    69,    70 

polychroma,    5 

Polychrosis,  120,  134 

Polygonia,  43 

Polylepidomyia,  248 

pomonella,   120 

ponda,    52 

popeanella,    53 

Pontia,    40 

Porosagrotis,   142 

portoricensis,    243 

posticata.   98,   243 

praefixa,   148 

Praina,    148 

pratti,    182,    183 

pretiosa,  57,   1 17 

primus,    1 79 

procinctus,    155 

proclamator,    202 

promethia,    loi,    174 

Prometopia,  252 

promulsa,    151 

Propedesis,    35 

Prosopis,   181 

prosper,   231 

Protagrotis,    149 

Proteraner,   183 

Protoculex,   245 

protodice,   40 

Protomacleaya,    244 

Protoparce,    50 

Protophana,   113 

pryeri,   252 

psara,   229 

Psalis,    167,    170 

Psectraglaea.    113 

Pseudococcus.   250 

Pseudohowardina,   244 

Pseudomyzomya,   240 

Pseudorthodes,   158 

Pseudotheobaldia,    244 

Psilopodinus,    5 

Psilopus,   5,  6 

Psocus,    165 

Psorophora,    122,  241 


Psylla,  250 
Pterellepsis,  6 
Pteronus,   120 
ptilodonta,  150 
puberulus,    62 
pubescens,   88 
pubipes,   65 
puellaria,    105 
pulchella,    168 
pulchra,    167 
pulchriceps,  8 
piilchripes,  8 
pullilabris,   187 
Pulvinaria,    250 
punctipennis,    17 
punctor,  245 
punctulata,    90 
purpurissata,    152 
pusilla,    5 
Pygarctia,    229 
pygmsea,   71,   73 
Pygmaena,  232 
pygmeolaria,    106 
Pyla,    no 
Pyragra,   166 
pyrastri,  92 
Pyrausta,    104 
Pyrgus,   49 
pyri,   250 
pyricola,  250 
Pyrocleptria,    141 

quadrangula,    148 

quadrata,   96 

quadratus,  91 

quadriannulata,  160 

quadrifasciata,    99 

quadrimaculatuSj   5,    13,    185,    187,    iJ 

quadristigmalis,    158 

quadrivittata,   4 

quadrivittatus,   11 

quasisecutor,   245 

quasiserratus,    245 

quebecensis,  186,  189 

quieta,    151 

Rachionotomyia,   243 
radians,    227 
radiatus,    148 
radiola,    148 
rainierii,    152 
rana,  22 
raps,   41 
rava,  148 
reclivis,    107 
rectilineata,  234 
rejector,   205 
repentina,    150 
restuanSj  245 


Index. 


265 


Retinia,   236 
revelator,  202 
revica,  160 
Rhabdatomis,  22j 
Rhagovelia,    173 
Rhamphomyia,   5 
Rheumaptera,   129 
Rhingia,    94 
Rhizagrotis,   107,    145 
Rhizophagus,  252 
Rhombonyx,  69 
Rhynchosciara,    3 
Rhysops,   2 
ribesii,  92,   120 
richardsonij   151 
rileyana,    159 
riniosa,  161 
riparius,  213 
Ripula,  233 
roberto,  22-j 
robertsoni,  185 
robusta,    55 

robustus,  179,  180,  185 
rosea,   160 
rossii,  240 
rostrana,    120 
rubefacta,  160 
rubrifusa,   153 
rubiginosa,    7 
ruficornis,  80,   187 
ruficrus,   88 
rufina,    74 
rugonasuSj    2 
rugosana,   21 
rugosioides,   61 
rupicola,  20 
ruricola,   61 
Rusticus,  48 
rutilana,   20 
rutulus,    40 

Sabethes,    123,   207,   20S 
Sabethinus.  208 
Sahethoides,    208 
Sackeniella,    i 
sallffii,   61 
sara,  41 

Sarcophaga,    5,   8 
Saronia,    252 
sartaria,  29 
sasaki,   35 
satur,  94 
satyruSj    43 
saxea,  159 
saxicolana,    31 
sayi.    243 
Scardia,    137 
schoenherri,    151 
scholasticus,   241 
schwarzi,    170 


schwarziana,  25 

Sciagraphia,   128,   129 

Sciara,  3,  8 

Sciomyza,    6,    8 

scirpicola,   161 

scitulum,   2 

scotinomus,   209 

Scotogramma,   150,  151 

scrobicollis,    ^^ 

secedens,    151^    155 

sectilis,   159 

secutor,    245 

sedilis,  152,  153 

seductaria,    54 

semilivida,   71 

semiramis,  42 

Semyra,   219 

senatoria,    156 

Sepsis,    6 

Sepsisonia,   6 

septemstriatus,    10 

septentrionalis,  12,  142,  219,  243 

Sericomyia,  95 

Sericoptera,   233 
serratus,   61,  245 

Setagrotis,    148 

setigena,   8 

setiger,    Tj 

setigera,    8 

setulosa,  84,   85 

sexmaculata,    129 

sexta,    120 

shalleriella,    139 

Sideridis,    160 

signata,   250 

signifer,    247 

silaceata,   129 

silens,    143,    144 

similis,   97,    184,    186,    187,    188,    245 

simplex,    22,2 

simpsoni,    244 

sisymbrii,   184,   187 

slossonije,   221 

Smicrips,    252 

smithii,    218 

snodgrassi,  6 

Snowia,    i 

sobria,    159 

sociata,    129 

sociatus,  68 

sodom.    A 

solita,    160 

solitus,    4 

soUicitans,   216,   218 

sordida.    61 

sorghicola,    181 

Soronia,    252 

soror,   144 

Sparnopolius,  4 

sparsesetosa,    63 


266 


[ouRNAL  New  York  Entomological  Society, 


sparsuSj   78,    164 
spathipalpis,    17 
speciossima,   52 
spectanda,    144 
speculator,   80 
spenceri,    216,   218 
Sphaerophoria,    5,    94 
Sphecodes,  182 
Sphecodosoma,    182,    183 
Sphecomyia,   99 
Sphingolabis,    169 
Spilochroa,  2 
Spilomyia,   99 
Spilota,   69 
spinetorum,  45 
spinicauda,    85 
Spogostylum,  4 
spoliata,    159 
sponsella,    139 
spreta,    149 
squamiger,    246 
staudingeri,    151 
Stegomyia,    13,   243,   244 
Stelidota,   252 
stelligera,    109 
Steneretma,   8 
stenocelis,    52 
stenotis,    155 
stimulans,  216 
Stonyx,   4 
Strategus,    174 
Stratioinyia,    4 
Stretchia,   159,   160 
striatus,    7 
stricta,    155 
Strigoderma,  71 
strigosa,   45 
stygius,    4 
subcantans.    244 
subfuscula,   152 
subfuscus,    24s 
subglaber,    76,    79 
subgothica,   145,   146 
submarina,    151,    154 
submarmorata,    128 
subnotata,    159 
subobscurus,    185.    188 
subporphyrea,  147 
subpunctata.    160 
subterminata,    160 
subtomentosa,    74 
subspinosus,  250 
succinctum,   4 
sulcata.    84,   85 
sulphuripes,   94 
superbus,    t  2 
superlineata,  7 
swenki,   184 
sylvanoides,   48 
sylvestris,   216,   218,   245 


sylvicola,  246 
synipistis,    151 
Syniphoromyia,  4 
Synchloe,    41 
syndesmus,   i 

synthyrides,   186,   187,   188 
Syntomeida,   226 
Syritta,  98 
syrphica,   s 
syrphus,  2,  92 
Syssphinx,  229 
Systctchus,  4 

Taeniocampa,    153,    154,    158,    159,    160 

Tseniorhynchus,   loi,  246 

tseniorhynchus,  246 

taeniopus,    100 

tabulata,    159 

Tanypus,   8 

tarda,  90 

tarsalis,  64,  66 

Telenomus,   59 

temerana,    28 

temporalis,   96 

tenax,   96 

tenuicornis,  86 

tenuiscriptus,  82 

Tephritis,  6 

territans,   218,   245 

terniinalis,  243 

terminana,    33 

tersa,   50 

tergata,  8 

tessellata,    143,   144 

testaceus,  89 

Tetanocera,    8 

Tetanolita,   no 

texana,    161,    192,   193 

texanus,  yy,  80,  189 

Thanaos,   49 

Thecla,   45,    123,    130 

Thereva,    5 

Theobaldia,  245 

Tholera,    155 

thorntoni,    10 

Thorybes,  49 

Thymelicus,   48,   50 

Thyraylia,   20 

tibialis,  69,  90 

titusi,  184,  187 

tityrus,  49 

togata,   8 

toralis,    104 

Tortricidia,    18 

Tortrix,  23S,  236 

Torymus,   179 

toweri,    13 

townsendi,    189 

Toxorhynchites,  8.  242 

trabalis,  4 


Inkf.x. 


2G7 


transversa,    163 

transversana,   24 

transversus,   96 

triangulifer,    108 

Trichoclea,    156 

Trichogramma,  57,   117 

Trichopolia,  150,  159 

Trichoprosopus,  248 

Trichoprosopon,    123,   248 

Trichopteryx,    132 

trichopus,   8 

trichopsis,  8 

trichorryes,   206 

trichurus,    245 

tricosa,   146 

trifolii,    150 

trigona,   5 

Trileuca,  52 

trinitatis,  169 

Triptotricha,   i 

tripunctata,  201 

triseriatus,  244 

tristicula,   143,   144 

tristis.  49,   88 

trivittata,  244 

trivittatus,   9 

trizonatus,   184,   186,   187^   18S 

Triodonta,  98 

Tropidia,  96 

truncatus,    186.    188 

turbata,    159 

tuberculum,    142 

typhlosomata,    200 

ulkei,   78,  252 
ulmiarrosorella,    iio 
Ulolonche,     156 
umbrata,    148 
umbratilis,  99 
umbrosa,    153 
undata,  83 
undecimlineata,  190 
undosus,  207,  208 
undulata,   70 
uniformis,    79 
unimaculata,    5 
unipuncta,  250 
unistrigana,    20 
Uranotaenia,    200.    246 
Uranotes,   45 
Urosigalphus,   181 
ursina,    159 
urticas,   252 
u-scripta,    156 

vaccinii,  4 
Vanessa,  43 
variabilis,    159 
varicolor,   7 
varipalpus,    17 


varipes,  91,   243 

vecors,  158 
I    velutina,    156 

Venusia,   129 

Verbesina,   182 
I    verbesinae,  182 

veritata,    133 

verticalis,    144 

vestalis,    233 

vicina,    154 

villana,   34 

villosa,  3 

vindemialis,   160 
i    viralis,    149 
i    virginaria,  233 

virgulti,    45 

viridicollis,    72,    73 

viteana,    120 

vitellinana,  22 

vittata,  8,  99 

vittatus,  78 

virginiensis,   99 

viridata,  132 

VoKicella,    5,   94 

volucris,  91 

vomerina,    159 

vitalbata,  234 

waterhousei.    244 
j    Websterellus,    178 
I    willcocksii,  244  ^ 

willistoni,    100 

Wyeomyia,    209.    210.    211.    21: 

Xanionotum,   7 
Xanthandrus,   2 
Xanthogramma,    93 
Xanthorhoe,    129 
Xestia,    141 
Xylesthia,    140 
Xylina,    159 
Xylomania,    159 
Xylomiges,    152,    159 
Xylophanes,  50 
Xylota,  98 
Xylotype,    113 

yuccse,   252 
yuccatana,   2;^ 
yuccivorus,   83 
yacima,   150 
yakima,   150 
yumaella,   140 

zaba,    227 
Zerene,  41 
zetterstedtii,    151 
zimmermanni,    236 
zolicaon,   40 
zonata,  3 


Journ.   N.   V.  Ent.  Soc 


Vol.  XV.  PI  II. 


New  York  Slug-Caterpillars,  XIX. 


XHK 


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