The keeper : AAZK bulletin

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS

8024 TOMMY DRIVE • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92119

(714) 463-0738

VOLUME VII No. 5-6 May-June 1974

Dear AAZK Members,

This is the second copy of the modified format for our national publication.
Because of our difficulty keeping ahead of printing costs with our more ex¬
pensive editions with the hard cover, we feel it is much better to revert to
this less expensive form and see that you receive it on time and on a regular
basis. We were trying to bring you a first class journal, but we were not
financially fitted for this means. We will give you plenty of news, excell¬
ent keeper articles, and more importantly, we will give you the service you
deserve.

We take this opportunity to extend our sincere thanks to Mr. Dewey Garvey,
Editor, and his most able staff for bringing us a quality job throughout 1973
and the first 1974 issue. AAZK can be proud of the fine quality work Dewey
and his staff has done for the Association.

All future editions of The Keeper will be compiled, printed and distributed
at San Diego, California. The new editor for our publication will be Mr.
Brian Joseph. Brian is a student at San Diego State majoring in Zoology and
is a full-time keeper in the mammal department at the San Diego Zoo. Brian
already assures us that his wife Sharon will be assisting him in giving us an
excellent publication.

Each edition will be limited to five sheets of paper (including cover sheet)
and will be published bi-monthly. In addition to The Keeper s a special
communique will be sent to all members to keep you informed of current AAZK
business and happenings.

In order to produce a worthy and informative publication, we need input f v
our members. We especially want to receive keeper-written articles that ..
help us in our effort to exchange practical knowledge encountered in the
daily care of our animals. PLEASE SEND YOUR ARTICLES TO THE EDITORIAL OFFICE
LISTED BELOW:

The Keeper

Brian Joseph, Editor
685 Brightwood Avenue

Chula Vista, California 92010

- - - .. - - ,

ALL CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING SHOULD BE SENT TO AAZK NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS.

WRITE TO AAZK HQ FOR RATES.

All AAZK MEMBERSHIPS include a subscription to
The Keeper . Single copies $1,00. Opinions
expressed by individual authors are their own
and do not necessarily reflect the policy of

the American Association of Zoo Keepers.

/

The Keeper , the official national publication of the American Association of
Zoo Keepers, is published six times annually and distributed throughout the
United States, Canada, and several foreign countries.

Report of the 1974 National AAZK Conference

Chicago April 22-25
Registered delegates 10?

Representing 30 zoos, 1 Primate Research Center, 2 aquariums

The AAZK meetings in Chicago proved to be the most successful in the history
of the organization. Much business was accomplished and all conference ex¬
penses were paid in full® In addition to the registration fees of the
attending delegates, AAZK received the full support of the host zoos, each
of which provided a luncheon at either zoo or society expense. We also had
the support of three commercial exhibitors (Allied Mills, Conference Book
Co., and West Chemical Products). The profit realized from the meeting,
over and above all conference costs was applied to our printing bill at
Litho Copy Service in Chicago. The total bill was paid in full.

Many items on the agenda for the Board of Directors were accepted without
difficulty.

Following are some of the decisions, resolutions and proposals acted on and
accepted by the delegation:

It was decided that all national AAZK conferences would be scheduled during
the spring and summer months, but definite dates would depend on other zoo
organizational meetings to avoid conflict with these or host zoo activities.

A resolution was presented indicating AAZK support of inter-zoo scientific
studies now becoming commonplace in many zoos through University affilia¬
tions. It was noted that many keeper objections arise from the fact that
they are not told enough about the specific projects carried out by many
researchers, and some voiced annoyance about an intrusion of authority by
some student researchers® Most keepers feel the researcher is a zoo guest
and should adhere to the zoo rules first and should not try to interfere
with the duties of the keeper or assume they know more than the keeper does
about the specific animals in question.

A major topic throughout the conference was the discussion of AAZK incomes.
It was decided to revert to a modified edition of our national publication,
cutting the cost of printing almost in half. It was also decided that the
publication would be printed and distributed in San Diego again. Mr. Brian
Joseph, of the San Diego Chapter of AAZK, will serve as the Editor of The
Keeper for the remainder of 1974® The publication will revert to off-set
printing on white 87 x 11 bond, one corner stapled and half-fold for mailing.
The bi-monthly paper will be mailed first class postage. This will avoid
the lengthy delays of bulk mailing and will also avoid lost copies. The
total cost of printing and mailing will be limited to approximately 8130.00
per issue.

Advertising in our publication will be solicited also. Rates are obtainable
from AAZK Headquarters.

It was decided to solicit associate members through newspaper advertising,
but this will not be initiated until the new modified form of The Keeper is
available.

2

AAZK Conference Report (continued)

^ AAZK election of three Board of Director members was postponed until 1976®
It was decided to retain the present Board Members until the San Diego
Conference*

Mr* Richard G® Sweeney was again appointed as Executive Director and will
maintain the AAZK office at 8024 Tommy Drive, San Diego, California,92119®
Mr. Sweeney was also asked to start procedures necessary to filing for in¬
corporation. It is hoped this will stimulate some additional financial
support and also make it easier to apply for educational grants for some
of the proposed AAZK projects. Application for grant assistance will be
initiated as soon as our incorporation is completed. AAZK will be incor¬
porated in the State of California.

Limited expenditures for office equipment were approved and will be
effected as funds become available©

Foreign membership fees were increased to $15®00 annually to allow for air
mail service to these members. The delays in surface mailing prompted
this change. Two new AAZK membership categories were added. One is
Benefactor at $250.00 and Patron at $500.00. Special membership cards
will be made available for these two new categories#

The geographical boundries of AAZK were changed to include four specific
areas© Each area will be represented by a Regional Assistant who will
assist in the planning of regional and national conferences within their
area© Mr© Mickey Barrett, Honolulu Zoo, will serve the Western region;
Mr© Chris LaRue, Topeka Zoo, will serve the Central area; Mr© Bela Demeter
will serve the Eastern Area© A regional assistant will be appointed for
the Southern area© A special assistant will serve as our Canadian repre¬
sentative*

Mr® Ed Roberts, President of the AAZK Board, is still negotiating through
Mr© Warren Iliff, Washington, D.C. and the University of California, in
regards to our proposed correspondence curriculum for zoo keeping® Further
information will be announced in the near future.

#**###*#*#«•*#•***•

AAZK is now investigating the procedures necessary to initiate an accredi¬
tation program that will afford keeper members recognized professional
registration within the organization. Zoo keepers who are members of the
AAZK and who meet the requisites established for this accreditation would
be presented a certificate of accreditation prescribed by AAZK and the
proper government agency. Plans for this program are still in the forma¬
tive stages and progress reports will be published in subsequent editions
of The Keeper . WATCH THE KEEPER FOR FURTHER DETAILS!!!!!

****************

1974 awards were presented as follows:

AAZK R® Marlin Perkins Certificate of Excellence-—to Mr. Roger Henneous,
Portland Zoo.

Edmund Thomas Memorial Award (for contribution to Keeper education)-to
Dr© Raymond Giron, Florida.

3

AAZK Conference Report (Continued)

Robert Crawford Memorial Award (best article in AAZK publication)—to Mist

£3 M 1 / *? * r\ C ' ¥ f's V* —i v\ Of ?./? -irw T''- w-% 4- O .4 ^ . - X- TO__ _ 1 ..1 - / - _

r*

o

. 7 ay Kueyter ana Mr

Pa t

St o ut, 3r oo k 1 'i.e 1 d Z00

A special resolution was passed honoring Mr. Frank Meakins, former Head
Keeper at, the vVhipsnabe too in Eri a i.and# f*e was also present ed with a
photo o i Cnee tans as a token of appreciation for his iiO years service to
the wildlife 1 n his ecargo•

A national AAZK speakers bureau was established and all AAZK Board Members
will serve as spokesmen for AAZK at various functions throughout the
country. each Board Member wall speau at functions within his area. Any
monies realized from these appearances will be directed to AAZK.

Installation of officers took place at the Conference Banquet:

Mr. Edward A. Eoberts, Stone Memorial Zoo, Stoneham, Massachusetts, will
serve a two year term as President of the Board.

Mr. Sam J. La Mia 1 fa, Milwaukee County Zoo, Wisconsin, will be first Vice-
President and Miss Pat Bass, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, will be the second
Vice-Presirient•

Other Board Members are: Mr. Gerald Thomas, Ban Diego Wild Animal Park,

Ca 1.;i fornia •

Mr. Rick Steenberg, Como Zoo, Bt. Paul, Minn.

Mr. Dewey Garvey, Brookfield Zoo, Illinois.

Mr. Richard G. Sweeney (Executive Secretary/

Treasurer appointed), San Diego Zoo, Calif.

Future election ballots will be incorporated into our national publication

A booklet containing many of the talks presented at the Chicago meeting
will be available to all interested parties in the near future. Mr. Mike
Dee, President of the Los Angeles Chapter of AAZK, is compiling this book¬
let. A min mum rhaire will be made •o cover the cost of printing* Notice
of price will appear in our Keeper .

A bid was accepted to hoid the 19?b National hAZK Conference in San Diego,
California, in august of 1 9?h* tentative dates are August BO-24.

We were pleased to see so many keepers at Chicago who had been afforded
partial or full expenses from their zoos. Two delegates from the small
zoo at Abilene, Texas were afforded full expenses. A delegation of four
was sent at full expenses by the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. and
several others were allowed time off with pay or partial allowances such
as registration fees, etc. Our hats are off to the managements of these
zoos. This show of concern is the kind of professional stimulus needed.

The next AAZK regional meeting is tentatively planned for A/ichuta, Kansas,
in the spring of 19 ^ *

Mr. Gerald Durrell was sleeked to Honorary AAZK membership. Mr. Durrell
is Director of
Island s.

J f: r s v

Zoological Park, Les Augres Manor, Jersy, Channel

P 1 chard G• tweency
Executive S e c r e t a ry

4

ATTENTION ALL MEMBERS

The editorial below was published in the February 7, 1974 issue of the

Washington Post# This followed Mr* Fensterwald*s testimony not in support
of S* 2774”“The National Zoo and Aquarium Board Bill--at the hearing in
Washington on January 23rd* We are reprinting the editorial here for your
information* If you wish to send your personal comments to Mr* Fensterwald,
his address is: Mr® Bernard Fensterwald, Committee for Humane Legislation,
910 16 th Street, N*W., Suite 600, Washington, D.C., 20006* Mr® Fensterwald
is counsel to the Committee for Humane Legislation*

"Time to Phase Out Zoos," by Bernard Fensterwald

As many people who have gone to a zoo recently know, zoos are in trouble.
Many of them are antiquated, over-crowded and generally depressing places®
Most of them have too many species, crammed into too little space and
behind too many iron bars*

As with most faltering institutions, zoos, despite their traditional
civic and local flavor, are now turning to Uncle Sam for a bail-out program.

Proponents of such a federal bail-out program recently descended on a
Senate subcommittee holding hearings on such a proposal. They didn't deny
the deep trouble in which zoos find themselves, but they were quite opti¬
mistic about the future of zoos if only the federal taxpayers would foot
the bill®

As a glowing example of what splendid places zoos might become, a zoolo¬
gist from Portland, Ore®, described the wonders of a new approach to zoos
which can most aptly be described at Animal Pinball:

In the wild, gibbons live in tree tops, seldom descending to the
ground. They are constantly on the move, constantly active and con¬
stantly feeding on very small amounts of food collected from the
tips of branches. Even when the animals find a tree loaded with
suitable food, their tendency is to move on® The typical pattern
in captivity is for a keeper to present a large quantity of food
once a day to these animals on the floor of their cage. The animals
descend, gorge themselves and remain relatively inactive® At Port¬
land, we have taken a traditional cage approximately 30 feet long,
equipped it with lights and levers at each of the upper rear corners*

When the first light comes on, the gibbons go to that light and pull
a lever which activates the second light across the cage* They move
to that light, pull a second lever and are rewarded with a small
amount of food. This project has given the animals control over one
small aspect of their environment®

When the exhibit was first installed, the first light came on
automatically every two minutes and there were graphics to explain
to the viewer what was happening® The exhibit elicited only minimal
public interest* By placing the first light under the control of a
coin box in the public area, we provided the added benefit of an
opportunity for public interaction with these animals*

Isn't it marvelous what man's ingenuity can produce—for 10 cents a child
can be a combination of Pavlov and Orwell!

There is a growing popular feeling that it is time to phase out zoos,
by phase-out, we mean that as animal populations in existing zoos die off,
they should not be replaced* The whole concept of the zoo is based upon

5

Editorial (continued)

ecological disruption in the countries from which the animals are obtained
and is marked by enormous suffering and waste of life in transport* And
once in the zoo, there is constant suffering through lack of freedom* Man
can no longer treat his fellow creatures in such a callous fashion.

It has been declared that "zoos have a high and increasing educational
value," and that we are in danger of losing "an irreplaceable learning
experience*" But, in fact, just how much educational value has a caged
animal?

With the advent of movies and TV, zoos have become of minimal value as an
educational tool; primal amusement, yes; education, barely* There is a
general feeling that as people compare the animals in zoos with the life of
the species in the wild as shown in a documentary film, their general reac¬
tion is to recognize the imprisoned creatures as unhappy psychotic examples
of their species. And, as we noted, it is far more educational to show the
public documentary films on the life of animals in their native wild*

One subject which remains little discussed is the question of money.
Large sums of money are contemplated in the "Zoo Bill." At the same time,
many urgent projects involving our human citizens either go unfunded or
have their funds impounded by the White House* How can we seriously pro¬
pose to spend millions of dollars on "bigger and better" zoos when so many
of our human institutions remain substandard?

One version of the "Zoo Bill" provides for grants "to any nonprofit
agency for the purpose of enabling such zoo, aquarium, or agency to esta¬
blish 1 survival centers* for the breeding, care and perpetuation of endan¬
gered species." Not only does this concept appear to ignore the existence
of the new federal Endangered Species Act and United Nations Endangered
Species Treaty, it also deeply offends the sense of human dignity. Has man
become so avaricious that he cannot spare endangered species more than a
few square feet of concrete and steel in which to "survive?" If that*s the
very best we humans can do, maybe we had best stuff a pair of each wildlife
species and put them in a museum. That way, at least, there would be an
end to the suffering.

NOTE OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Several keepers from the San Diego Zoo have

formed an AAZK speakers bureau and will present animal care talks to
various youth organizations in and around the San Diego area. The speakers
bureau is a public service of AAZK in conjunction with the public relations
department of the San Diego Zoo.

AAZK IS VERY PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE the appointment of Mr. Ben Blackson, D.Em.
as Advisor to the AAZK Board of Directors. Presently Mr. Blackson, who is
Zoo Marketing Director for Allied Mills, Inc., will be assisting in the
establishment of the AAZK accreditation program. Mr® Blackson is former
Director of the Utica Zoo in New York.

INFORMATION PLEASE!! If any of our readers has any information at all about
the hand-raising of the woolly monkey (Genus Lagothrix), please send to Mr.
Dennis Levy, 16 Harting Road, Boscombe East, Bournemouth, England, BH6 5QJ•

6

Giant Pandas in France

by Mr. Dennis Levy* Bournemouth, England

On the occasion of Monsieur Pompidou's visit to China of November, 1973,
France was presented with a pair of giant pandas® They were flown to Paris
shortly afterwards, ana are on show at the Vincennes Zoo* The female is
named "Yen-Yen," which is said to mean "Peking#" The male is believed to
be about a month younger, and is named "Li-Li," which is said to mean
"Paris," though this sounds surprising since the name "Li-Li" has previous¬
ly been used for a breeding female at Peking Zoo. Both Paris animals are
young, and are reported to have been wild-caught in early 197 ; 3, when they
were only a very few months old® Monsieur Raymond Dupuis is the head
keeper in charge of them*

It is rumoured that Paris showed live giant pandas in the last century,
but unmistakeable documentation seems difficult to obtain® The only live
giant panda shown for sure in France previously was at Vincennes for a few
days in 1959® This same animal, the male "Happy," had previously been in
London and several German zoos and, after Paris, lived from 1939 to 1946 in
the St. Louis Zoo# In fact, several of the 20 giant pandas which have def¬
initely been exhibited outside of Asia (the first was Brookfield's Su-Lin,
who arrived in the U*S*A® in 1936 and at Brookfield in 1937) have been ex¬
hibited in more than one place, but their eventual homes were as follows:

3 at Brookfield, 2 at St* Louis, 4 at Bronx, 5 at London, 2 at Moscow, 2 at
Washington, and now 2 at Vincennes* One or two additional specimens arrived
alive but in moribund condition®

Of these 20 specimens, only 4 are alive now: the pair in Washington, and
the pair at Vincennes® Of the 16 of them which have died, only London's
"Chi-Chi" and Moscow's "An-An"—both long-lived specimens--have been alive
after 1961* The other 3 of the top B longevities recorded outside of Asia
all belong to the U*S* s with top place held by Brookfield's male "Mei-Lan,"
who lived there from November 1939 to September 1953* and was in fact the
last specimen seen alive in America until Washington received its pair* In
Asia there is an unknown number but probably about 12 in captivity in China
(where they nave bred more than once, and successfully, but apparently no¬
where else), an unknown number but probably 2 in North Korea, and 2 very
fine specimens in Tokyo.

The giant panda was discovered in China in 1869 by Abbe David (the same
Frenchman after whom Here David's deer is named), but botn he and the Paris
scientists involved seem to have thought it was a new species of bear.Since
then it has more usually been classified nearer the raccoons, but the con¬
troversy continues, and the truth seems to be that it is somewhere in be¬
tween* Its only near relative is the more familiar lesser or red panda, but
even that doesn't seem to be very closely related. "Chi-Chi" is now in Lon¬
don's main natural history museum, as part of an exhibit illustrating vari¬
ous facets of these classification problems®

It was long thought that wild giant pandas are restricted to a small area
of high bamboo woodland in Szechwan province in the interior of China, but
it now seems that they are found in mixed fir and broad-leaved forests of
small parts of two adjacent provinces as well, usually between 10,000 and
14,500 feet above sea level. Their main food does seem to be bamboo but
they are now known to be far more omnivorous than was previously thought*

It is believed that specimens live a solitary existence except for about
three weeks each year (and except, of course, for the strong mother/young
relationship), and so the Paris animals are currently being kept apart. The
mainland Chinese are well aware now of this treasure they possess, and it
may not be too much to hope that the giant panda, symbol of the World Wild¬
life Fund, is not bv any means the most endangered mammal in the world today.

7

Giant Pandas (continued)

Editor's note: Subsequent to the receipt of Mr. Levy's article, Mr. Levy
informed us of the death of "Li-Li" on April 20th of this year, cause
unknown.

Baboon Behavior at the San Diego Zoo

by Teri M. Steck--Mamraal Keeper

Studies of baboons are important because they are of monkeys that have
forsaken a life in the trees, and so may give us clues about how our an¬
cestors made a similar move.

The San Diego Zoo has four representatives of the baboons. There is the
Chacma, which lives in Eastern and Southern Africa and is grey-black with a
black face, lacking a mantle. The Hamadryas or Sacred baboon is one of the
best known, and is found in Somaliland and both sides of the Red Sea. Males
are pale silver with a flowing mantle-like mane, the females being smaller
and more brown. The Mandrill has been described as the most brutal and ug¬
liest of the monkeys. The muzzle is purple with pale blue swellings. Colora¬
tion, particularly of the genital region and buttock area must be regarded
as a secondary sex characteristic, apparently attractive to the less color¬
ful females. The Gelada baboon is related to the baboons, but has nostrils
on the side of the snout instead of at the end. It lives in the mountains
of northern Ethiopia.

Baboons eat a wide variety of foods, both plant and animal, depending on
the season, local availability and the age of the baboon. Seeds, shoots,
tubers, nuts, fruit, leaves, bark, insects, and lizards make up the basic
diet of a wild baboon. Occasionally small monkeys, eggs, and birds have been
recorded as prey.

The first occasion for me to notice the diet of a baboon in captivity was
when they were included within my duties as a keeper. The original diet
consisted basically of monkey chow (a biscuit containing essential nutrients
and manufactured by Purina). As I became more aware of the basic needs of
baboons, I thought the addition of fruits and vegetables could possibly
alter the behavior of these animals in such a way as to increase activity
and possibly stimulate reproduction®

Approximately two months ago, I began to add various fruits (oranges,
apples and bananas) to their diet. The baboons devoured the fruit and monkey
chow each day and as time progressed an increased capacity to consume food
was exhibited. The resulting change in Gelada behavior was the first to
appear. After the addition of fruit, their outward appearance has improved,
the coat being more lustrous. Grooming time has increased along with the
number and duration of activity periods, and the customary bored look has
been eliminated. The Geladas, when fed primarily on a biscuit diet, never
completed a meal. The left over amount of food usually equalled what had
been put out the previous day. Now, not just the fruit is gone, but so is
the monkey chow!

Acceptance from the Mandrills was the greatest. The dominant male, Dennis,
and I have developed a one-to-one relationship, which has progressed to the
point of jealousy when I approach with another keeper. The relationship was
instigated when I began to bring Dennis a banana each morning. He gradually
grew to expect his banana each day and would meet me at the entrance to his
enclosure. When there was no banana, quite a temper was displayed. The dis¬
play of jealousy was the most amazing thing to me. Being new to the keeper
profession, I was astonished when Dennis actually could recognize me from
other keepers. Since I am a female, and the other keepers are all males,
discrimination between us is remarkable since we all wear the same khaki un-

8

Baboon Behavior (continued)

iforms. When I would approach alone, Dennis remained calm and only soft
grunts were displayed® If I approached with a male keeper, Dennis issued a
complete series of threats® The show of teeth, yawn threats and raising of
eyelids were not directed towards me, but directly at the accompanying male
keeper. It was not clear what prompted Dennis to discriminate between us f
and if he actually did, whether he used his sense of sight or smell. The
possibility of me being the first woman to actually care for the Mandrills
could have excited his curiosity, just the fact that there was something
different could have evoked the observed responses® Female Mandrills showed
no acceptance of me as an individual#

Now that all baboons are receiving fruits and, as of late, vegetables
(carrots, lettuce, yams and onions), the over-all behavior has become much
more pronounced* Their activity periods are longer and more intense* The
Geladas hopefully may reproduce, which has not occurred for quite some time;
their current interest in each other is more exaggerated than ever before®

With the addition of fruits and vegetables, the boredom ratio has been re¬
duced for these highly intelligent primates. The capacity is there to alter
the other aspects contributing to his boredom; a natural enclosure, possibly
with no wire fencing, and vegetation could be provided. The personal rela¬
tionships between baboons must also be considered; the torment that one
species goes through because his rival is two feet away is not conducive to
a tranquil environment. There is much to be done for baboons as well as
other wildlife in our zoos.

OUR SPECIAL THANKS—to Mrs. Griff Ewer for her excellent speech at the Chi-

• cago conference banquet. Mrs* Ewer is a well known author and has written
two books entitled Ethology of Mammals and Carnivores . In addition to this,
she has written articles about various animals including the tasmanian
devil, Australian fat-tailed mouse and small tropical cats,

NEW KEEPER ORGANIZATION ESTABLISHED IN ENGLAND—Word has been received at
National Headquarters that the European counterpart of AAZK, the Association
of British Wild Animal Keepers (ABWAK) has been organized. At present, t
organization has 20 keeper members and they plan to publish their own news¬
letter, (Mr® Jon G# Barzdo, Sussex, England), AAZK estends a hearty welcome
to ABWAK and looks forward to a formal liaison with their organization® Mr®
Barzdo has assured us we will receive exchanges of keeper ' materials with
them.

jZOO REVIEW

Interesting accounts by two

by Pat Stout

veterinarians of their work.

All Creatures Great and Small by James Harriot, 1972 softbound, 499 pps«,
31.75s published by Bantam Books. This heartwarming, memorable story of a
Scottish veterinarian who has worked with farm and pet animals In the York¬
shire countryside since the thirties is fascinating©

First Catch Your Tiger by Oliver Graham-Jones, 1973 hardbound,
^WTp^^shiT^birTi'p 1 inger Publishing Co., Inc®, New York,
The author, who became the first full-time veterinary surgeon at
Zoo in 1951 $ describes many of the medical problems of a major
establishing that zoo f s first modern animal hospital.

223 pps,,
New York,
the London
zoo while

9

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO KEEPERS

NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS

8024 TOMMY DRIVE • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92119

(714) 463-0738

THE KEEPER

NATIONAL AAZK BULLETIN

VOLUME 7, Nos. 5-6
MAY - JUNE 1974

FIRST CLASS MAIL

ZOO DIRECTORS - VETERINARIANS - KEEPERS

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AN INFORMATIVE BOOKLET "Holpful Information On Tho Art of
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B. F. (BEN) BLACKSON D. Em.

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