Lagrangian current measurements in the northeast Providence channel and the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. 14 February to 6 March 1963 - preliminary report

UNCLASSIFIED TM NO.306
ET SS EDT

LAGRANGIAN CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN THE
NORTHEAST PROVIDENCE CHANNEL AND THE
TONGUE OF THE OCEAN, BAHAMAS)

‘14 FEBRUARY TO 6 MARCH 1963
PRELIMINARY REPORT

De (re

NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND

xa . ¢3 ONCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

TM No. 306

U. S. NAVAL UNDERWATER ORDNANCE STATION
NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

LAGRANGIAN CURRENT MEASUREMENTS
IN THE NORTHEAST PROVIDENCE CHANNEL
AND THE TONGUE OF THE OCEAN, BAHAMAS
14 FEBRUARY TO 6 MARCH 1963 © PRELIMINARY REPORT

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Prepared by: <Ld Coase

MBL/WHO!

MOON

September 1963 Technical Director

W. C. TAYLOR
Captain, USN
Commanding Officer

Task Assignment No.
RUTO-3E-000/219 1/SF-099-03-02 and

ASW Oceanographic Research RU22<2E=000/219 1ROO4=203201 UNCLASSIFIED

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TM No.

FOREWORD

In the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC)
development program, the Naval Underwater Ordnance Station (NUOS ) is
responsible for the design, installation, test, and evaluation of an
underwater weapons tracking range. In order to provide accurate
tracking data on test vehicles, the information obtained by the
underwater instrumentation must be correlated with the oceanographic
environment. NUOS, in a cooperative effort with the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution (WHOL), obtained water current data during
February and March 1963, using the parachute drogue system in the
Northeast Providence Channel and Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas »

This preliminary report describes the purpose of the cruise,
the drogue system, and the type of navigation used in tracking
the drogues. The raw data are included in the Appendix. Analysis
of the data will be the subject of a subsequent report. This work
was accomplished under BUWEPS Task Assignment Nos. RUTO=-3E-000/219
1/SF-099-03=02 and ASW Oceanographic Research RU2202E=000/219
1/ROO4-03-01.

alal

306

T™ No. 306

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The able assistance of Mr. Seward Johnson, owner of the OCEAN
PEARL, Mr. R. Schlichtenmaier, Captain of the H.J.W. FAY, and their
crews helped make this program a success, and is gratefully acknowledged.
Special thanks are due Mr. John Bruce of the Woods Hole Oceanographic

Institution for sharing the responsibility and offering many helpful
suggestions.

alata

TM No. 306

SUMMARY

The Naval Underwater Ordnance Station is responsible for the design,
installation, test, and evaluation of an underwater weapons tracking range
for the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC). As this
work requires a knowledge of the environmental factors affecting deep
water tracking, a program was established to gather additional data on
the water currents in the Northeast Providence Channel and selected areas
in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas.

Water current measurements were taken during February and March 1963
by tracking parachute drogues along five transects in the areas selected.
The drogues were placed at various positions and depths (from surface to
1500 meters) along each transect, and were tracked for periods of one to
four days. Although it had been planned to track each drogue for a longer
period of time (three to five days), the weather (high winds) proved to
be a limiting factor.

A total of 27 drogues (aa. identical in construction) were tracked,
and over 500 position fixes were taken. When the surface floats were
recovered, a tension was noted on the suspension wire prior to cutting.
This indicated that the parachute was still open and that the run was
successful.

Two vessels were used to track the drogues which made it possible
to: make a greater number of observations during the time allocated for
the program; obtain the first synoptic, drogue water current measurements
taken in the area; and acquire the quasi-continuous measurements of the
eurrents that were desired in order to determine meaningful flow patterns.

Decca Hi-Fix (a short range, high precision, position-fixing system)
was used to determine the positions of the surface floats relative to
known landmarks at various intervals along the drogue tracks. Standard
navigation radar fixes were taken simultaneously with the Hi-Fix readings
to provide back up information, and to position the surface floats if the
Hi-Fix system failed or the range was too great. However, the Decca Hi-Fix
position fixes were quite adequate for tracking the drogues throughout the
areas covered.

Although information on the water characteristics at the time and
place each measurement was taken would be valuable, no effort was made
to assess these characteristics since the time involved would interfere
with the planned program, and hydrographic station data are available
for the areas of interest. These data cover all months over a period of
years and could be used in conjunction with the water current data obtained
to provide a more complete analysis.

iv

TM No. 306

Since this is a preliminary report, only raw data and descriptions
of the equipment and procedures are presented. A subsequent report will
include a final analysis of the data in an attempt to answer the following
questions:

1. Can the motion of the water in the Northeast Providence Channel
be traced to the motion of the water in the Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO)
(or vice versa)?

2. What is the "mixing length" of the predominant eddies in TOTO?

3. What is the general magnitude and intensity of the horizontal
and vertical current shear in the central region of TOTO?

4. To what extent (and time scale) are turbulent shears (normal
to the bank walls) causing mixing and transport of bank water into the
AUTEC region?

5. How is the wind drift pattern related to tidal data?

T™ No. 306
INTRODUCTION

Since accurate tracking of test vehicles in the deep water range
at AUTEC will depend in part on correlating the effects of the oceanoe=
graphic environment with information obtained by the underwater instrumenta-
tion, additional data on the environmental factors involved were required.
To learn more about one of these factors, parachute drogues were set and
tracked during the period 14 February to 6 March 1963 in the Northeast
Providence Channel and selected areas of the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas.

The purpose of this program was to gather data on the water currents
which could be used in an attempt to answer the following questions:

1. Can the motion of the water at the Northeast Providence Channel
be traced to the motion of the water in Tongue for vice versa)?

2. What is the "mixing length" of the predominant eddies in The
Tongue?

3. What is the general magnitude and intensity of horizontal and
vertical current shear in the central region of the Tongue?

4. To what extent (and time scale) are turbulent shears (normal
to the bank walls) causing mixing and transport of bank water into the
AUTEC region?

5. How is the wind drift pattern related to tidal data?

Two vessels were used during the program. The OCEAN PEARL (Figure ab)
is a privately owned ketch capable of speeds up to 9 knots under power.
This vessel, used by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOT) , was
under the direction of Mr. John Bruce, WHOI. The H.J.W. FAY (Figure 2)
is a research vessel capable of speeds up to 18 knots. This vessel, on
contract to the Naval Underwater Ordnance Station (NUOS) from Marine
Acoustical Services, Inc., Miami, Florida, was under the direction of
Mr. G. S. Cook, NUOS. Both vessels were equipped with Decca Navigation
radar and standard ship-to=shore transceivers. Decca Hi-Fix receivers
were temporarily installed on each vessel and were used in combination
with the radars to track the drogues. Thus, if one system failed, tracking
could be continued with the other system alone.

With two vessels tracking their respective drogues simultaneously at
various distances from each other, it was possible to make synoptic current
measurements (using drogues) for the first time in the area. In addition,
the program was not interrupted when one vessel had to return to port.

This was important, since quasi=continuous measurements were desirable in
order to determine meaningful flow patterns.

T™ No. 306

The OCEAN PEARL

FIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

T™ No. 306

The H. J. W. FAY

T™ No. 306

The areas covered, the equipment used, and the methods employed to
obtain the water current measurements are described in this preliminary
report. In addition, the raw data are presented in Appendix A. A
subsequent report on this program will include an analysis of the data
in an effort to answer the previously posed questions.

AREAS

For the purpose of this program, five areas were selected, and
water current measurements were taken along transects in these areas
(See Figure 3).

The first transect was positioned between Northern Eleuthera
(Egg Island) and Great Abaco Island (Hole-inethe-Wall). This transect
was selected in order to define water motion at the entrance to Northeast
Providence Channel.

The second transect was positioned along a line bearing 343°r from
Old Fort Point (New Providence Island), and terminating east of the Berry
Islands at the 100 fathom curve.

The third transect was positioned in the eastern part of TOTO (east
of the longitudinal axis and extending eastward toward the bank along
latitude 24° 4o' Nn).

The fourth transect was positioned parallel to the bank about
three miles east of Middle Bight, Andros Island. Only three drogues
(set at a depth of 10 meters) were tracked, but observations were taken
at much shorter time intervals than along the other transects. This
experiment was conducted in an attempt to examine small scale turbulent
fluctuations in the surface flow. It should be noted that the drogues
set along the fourth transect were tracked simultaneously with the
drogues set along the third transect.

The fifth transect was positioned in the western part of TOTO
(west of the longitudinal axis and extending westward toward the bank
along latitude 2° 15' N). The drogues set along this transect (after
tracking was completed along the fourth transect) were also tracked
simultaneously with the drogues set along the third transect.

A total of 27 drogues were set and tracked along these transects,
and 19 of the surface floats were recovered. The drogues were placed
at predetermined depths to provide information on the character and
velocity of the water currents throughout the water column. The number
of drogues tacked along each transect, the depth at which each drogue
was set, and the total tracking time per drogue is tabulated in Table l.

T™ N . 306

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Transects Where Drogue Current Measurements Were Taken

FIGURE 3

TM No. 306
Table 1. Drogues, Depths, and Tracking Time

Drogue Total
Identifis Tracking
cation Depth Time
(Meters) (hours) Remarks

Surface recovered
Surface recovered

Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered

OrRPNI FP Wwe

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PHQD EH

Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered

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Surface recovered

Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered

Surface recovered
Surface recovered
Surface recovered

Surface recovered
Surface recovered

TM No. 306
DESCRIPTION OF THE DROGUES

Parachute drogues were designed that would have a large drag area
(approximately 45 square meters) at the depths where the water currents
would be measured, as contrasted with a drag area (approximately 3}
square meters) where the surface float would be exposed to the surface
water and the wind. At the same time the float and structure of the
drogue above the water was designed to be clearly visible at the surface.
A diagram of this design, which is comparable with that reported by
Ref. 1, is shown in Figure’ 4.

The surface floats were constructed of styrofoam (3 feet long,
2 feet wide, and 1 foot thick) covered with 3/8-inch marine plywood, and
ballasted by a 50=-pound weight suspended 8 feet below the float. Each
float supported a mast which extended approximately 24 feet above the
water and consisted of a 20-foot length of aluminum pipe and a 15-foot
bamboo pole.

The aluminum pole, with the 50-pound ballast weight mounted on
the lower end, was positioned through a center hole in the float, and was
held in place by a clamp and shackle combination above the plywood
cover and by a 1/4-inch manila line bent around the float and secured
through the shackle (see Figure 5A).

The bamboo pole was fastened to the upper end of the aluminum
pole with hose clamps. Two flags, a wire mesh radar reflector, and
a blinking light were attached to this pole as shown in Figure }.

The upper flag, used for locating the drogue, was about 1.0 by 1.5
meters, and international (day-glo) orange in color. The lower flag,
used to identify the individual drogues, was a standard Navy type

Signal flag. The blinking light was fabricated using a socket, flashing
light bulb (GE type 407), lamp cord and 6-volt hand lantern=-type battery.
The lights normally gave no trouble, but occasionally they stopped
flashing after a day or two of operation because of breakdown of the
bimetallic strip in the bulb. Batteries and bulbs were replaced at

the termination of each transect. The longest period of operation

was approximately 4 days.

A harness of 1/4-inch, stainless, 7x19 wire rope was run through
the center hole in the float alongside the aluminum pole. A loop was
fashioned at each end, and the wire rope was attached to the ballast
weight below the float and to the aluminum pole above the plywood
cover (see Figures 4 and 5A). The upper loop was used in retrieving
the floats, and the parachute suspension wire was attached to the
lower loop by means of a splice=type fitting as shown in Figure 5B.
Any strain on the harness was transferred to the float by a 1/4-inch
cable=clamp and a 1/4-inch shackle resting on the 3/8einch marine
plywood cover above the mast hole.

T™ No. 306

BLINKING
LIGHT RADAR REFLECTOR
MM INTERNATIONAL ORANGE
aa / SIGNAL FLAG
i
SIGNAL FLAG (FOR 1.0.)
BAMBOO POLE i
(IS FT.) HOSE CLAMPS
: 7 a uniNOM POLE (20FT.)
BATTERY
6 THREAD 4
SERED , STAINLESS WIRE (—- IN.)

SIN. MARINE PLYWOOD

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SUSPENSION WIRE A
(0.058 IN. DOUBLE p
GALVANIZED)

STYROFOAM
(QF XOSFile Xl Fate)

50 LB. WEIGHT

STAINLESS WIRE (TIN)

PARACHUTE (28 FT. DIAMETER)

CHEEK CLAMP
5FT_LYy

SJL

L-— 50 LB. WEIGHT

The Parachute Drogue Design
FIGURE 4

TM No. 306

LOOP FOR RETRIEVAL
+n. STAINLESS WIRE ROPE
PIPE CABLE CLAMP-SHACKLE COMBINATION

3 IN. MARINE PLYWOOD

STYROFOAM FLOAT

6 THREAD LINE

ATTACHED TO LOWER
LOOP ON STAINLESS WIRE

(See Fig. 5A)
LOWER LOOP
ATTACHED TO Lin, THIMBLE
SPLICE (See Fig. 5B) 8 e.

NICROPRESS FITTINGS

0,058 IN, DOUBLE

GALVANIZED WIRE NOTE: WIRE RETURNED
THROUGH TWO
FITTINGS.

SUSPENSION WIRE
SEATED IN
GROOVE

TO
PARACHUTE

TO
50 LB. WEIGHT
C.

Techniques for Securing Suspension Wire

FIGURE 5

T™ No. 306

After the surface float was launched, the specified amount of wire
was payed-out through an indicating meter wheel while the vessel steamed
slowly up wind. When the proper amount of wire was payed=-out, the cheek
clamp (Figure 5C) was attached to the suspension wire. The parachute
and a 50=pound weight were also secured to the cheek clamp (see Figure })
and the suspension wire was cut. The weight was then lowered over the
side until the parachute shrouds carried the full weight. At this time
the weight was released and the parachute was pulled downward by the
weight. (The parachute is payed-out in the reverse manner to that of
a parachute in the air i.e., the shrouds are payed out first, the canopy
being the last to enter the water.) In all cases, it was possible to
see the parachute open under water.

All of the drogues used during this program were identical in
construction.

NAVIGATION AND TRACKING

The positions of the surface-floats relative to known landmarks
were determined with the Decca HieFix System (Decca Navigator System,
Ltd., London), and an auxiliary fix was taken with navigation radar.

The H.J.W. FAY was equipped with a Decca 404 navigation radar
which was specified to have a frequency of 9320-9480 me/s and a display
discrimination of 20 yards. On shorter range scales (range scales in
nautical miles are 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 2h, 48), the range ring accuracy
is 13 percent of the maximum of the range used or 75 yards, whichever
is the greater. The variable range marker accuracy is better than
1 percent of the range ring accuracy. The bearing resolution is 41°
(Ref.2). The OCEAN PEARL was equipped with a Decca 303 Navigation
Radar which has characteristics similar to the Decca 404 aboard the
H.J.W. FAY. The ranges most used were 6, 12, and 24 nautical miles.
The Decca HieFix is a high precision, lightweight, electronic position-
fixing system, intended primarily for use at short ranges. The system
is designed for hydrographic, geophysical, and other surveys in which
an accuracy of less than one meter is required, and which demand the
use of an electronic surveying system that is readily portable, simple
to operate, and quick to install. Decca HieFix receivers were
temporarily installed on both vessels, and were used independently
but in conjunction with the radars. The principle of the Hi-Fix
can be described in the following manner. A set of stationary,
standing electromagnetic, wave patterns are generated by radio
transmitting stations. These patterns form coordinates in terms of
which a radio receiver (carried by the user) provides continuous
indication of its position with respect to the transmitting stations.
If the positions of the statiorm are known, the signal received by the
receiver may be converted into geographical coordinates by reference to
a transformation chart. Computers can also be used for this conversion.(Ref.3).

T{ No. 306

The Decca Hi-Fix "net" in the Tongue of the Ocean, shown on Figure 3,
consists of three land based transmitting stations. (Two slave stations in
conjunction with the common master station.) A single pair of stations
produces a pattern which, being dependent on the distance AB (Figure 6A)
and on the frequency used, can occupy calculable and highly stable
positions on the earth's surface. Therefore, from the point of view
of an observer carrying a phase comparison device (Receiver),
the pattern constitutes a set of navigational position lines taking
the form of a family of hyperbolae focussed on the two transmitters.

To enable the observer to fix his geographical position with
reference to the ground stations, two sets of position lines are required.
These are provided by a second hyperbolic pattern generated by Station C
(Figure 6B) in conjunction with the common Master Station A. The receiving
(phase-comparison) apparatus is duplicated to work with the two sets of
coordinates, and the observer fixes his position at any instant by trans-
ferring the readings of the two phase meters to a map on which numbered
lanes of the two patterns are printed.

Typical operating distances between HieFix transmitters and receivers
are between 5 and 35 miles, but the receiver can be used close to the
transmitting station without loss of accuracy, or at a maximum offshore
range of about 100 miles, if the radiated power from the stations is
increased. The radiated power of the transmitting stations in TOTO is
sufficient to ensure a working range normally in excess of 50 miles
over seawater. During this program, HieFix was used at a distance of
approximately 110 nautical miles (Transect 1, Figure 3) from the farthest
slave station with fair reliability. From a nomogram it was calculated
that the lane width along Transect 1 was from 1700 to 1900 meters.

Since the receivers are capable of reading to 1/100 of a lane, this
provides an accuracy in the order of 17 = 19 meters.

A series of Decca transformation charts were aved table OTe TOTO
area to plot the positions of the drogue floats between 23° 50' and 2°
50' north latitude. Although there was no chart coverage for the transect
in the Northeast Providence Channel, the Naval Oceanographic Office has
a computer program for converting Decca coordinates to latitude and
longitude, and this was used to plot the positions of the floats in
these areas.

In general, the Decca Hi-Fix System, backed up by radar, was quite
adequate for tracking the drogues, and the position fixes obtained were
satisfactory.

MASTER AO OB SLAVE

A Set of Hyperbolic Position Lines Generated by
Synchronized Transmissions from Stations A and B

FIGURE 6A

Hyperbolic Grid Generated by
Slave Stations B and C Locked to Master Station A

FIGURE 6B

T™ No. 306

REFERENCES

Volkmann, Gordon, John Knauss, & Allyn Vine, 1956: The Use of
Parachute Drogues in the measurement of subsurface ocean currents.
Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 37, 5/3 = 77.

Marine Acoustical Services, Inc., Vessel and Technical Services
for Research in Underwater Acoustics and Oceanography. 1962.
Copy No. 832 pp. Fe2,3.

The Decca Navigator System as an aid to Survey. (Issue 5)
The Decca Navigator Company, Limited, London, England.

cue ae

T No. 306

APPENDIX A

The raw data for determining the velocity of the water currents
along various transects in the Northeast Providence Channel and
sections of TOTO, Bahamas, obtained by tracking parachute drogues

in these areas during February and March 1963, are presented in
tabular form.

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1

DROGUE Z Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg | min | sec deg |min | sec Fix. No.

T No. 306

TRANSECT 1

DROGUE Y Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (1) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive
Date (EST ) deg |min| sec deg |min| sec

As3

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1

DROGUE X Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg | min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No.
14 Feb 41 02 4 29

Aa4

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1
DROGUE V Depth: 10 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min | sec deg | min { sec Fix. No.
O77 |00 =) 07. 567 hh
076 | 59 | 52.543 45
076158 | 54.233 46
076157 | 33.624 LT
_076 Do || Sis ALO sb
Ore: 2D. "|| Sislepife) 4g
076158 | 33.524 50
Ona O38 17232030 pu:
O77 1.05 | 26.295 52
O77 | O7 | 08.673 53
One Hey a palSyqrehal 54
Ona Ooms ia1.300) 55

A-5

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1

Depth: 600 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W)
Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec

TM No. 306

TRANSECT 1

DROGUE 3 Depth: 200 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (WwW) Consecutive
Date EST) deg |min| sec deg |min | sec

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1

DROGUE 8 Depth: 600 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No.
F 81

A=8

™ No. 306

TRANSECT 1

Depth: 200 Meters

LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
deg | min sec Mbaoigh) Nols

Ae9

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE 1 Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min [sec deg | min sec Fix. No.

A=10

T No. 306

TRANSECT 2
DROGUE G Depth: 600 Meters
Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min sec deg | min sec Fix. No.
21 Feb 15.645 O77 | 35 | 58.600 122
02.531 O77 | 35 | 41.829 123
37.049 O77 | 36 | 06.816 124
26.790 Ovae | stew |) abaeyte 125
26.877 ONFTE We; “Wr alehsier/(e) 126
er 33.300 __ ms 30.474 HAS
22 Feb 35.814 ONAe | sien. |) Sires} 128
46.431 OneTe | sir 1) ists arent 129
16.402 O77 | 37 | 00.984 IZ
20.927 OMe etre | (olka ea Sa
00.208 _ Ore | sit 06.350_ Rene |
23 Feb 45.948 Ovi t lee9eOne 133 |
50.970 O(a 38) {i512 956 134 |
BsSsis) |) OME SIS) |) Gece dsp |
2h Feb 27.225 O77 | 40 40.981 _ som a
25 Feb 03.541 Oi 358 e042 130 IES HT |

Aell

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE M Depth: 200 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg {min| sec Fix. No.

Asle

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE F Depth: 10 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min sec deg |min sec Iiabe5 "INO

A=13

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE R Depth: 200 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg {min sec deg |min sec Fix. No.

Aw14

T No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE T Depth: 600 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
deg {min See deg | min Sec
1138 025 115 | 34.882 O77 | 29 | 05.987 188
1153 O25elMiGwa|l5. O60 Offa 2Oy eS e025 189
1415 025 |16 | 02.504 O77 29 | 437 190
1432 025 |15 | 56.985 O77 | 29 | 13.540 191
1509 O25 io SOsise O77 | 29 | 10.302 192
1639 025 115 | 49.559 077 | 29 | 10.844 193
1722 025 115 | 42.993 O77 | 29 | 12.098 194
1805 025 115 | 46.123 O77 | 29 | 11.740 195
1859 ©25: 115) 1"30:.862 ON eon 22979 196
1921 025 115 | 33.653 OnMiee9 bls 163 197
2016 O25 "5 {P7632 077 | 29 | 15.993 198
2045 025 |15 | 18.255 On |) 2%). 1) UR eet6) 199
as es) ae 6 oo on 200
2145 @©25u (15) 5.200 Ot 129) 1 156269 201
2218 025 |15 | 03.065 O77 | 29 | 16.654 202
2328 025 |15 | 03.875 O77 | 29 | 20.056 203
0010 025 |14 | 52.900 One || eer” ile selets} 204
0147 O25 114 || 42.996 Op ee) 1) tons 205 |
o222 025 {15 | 13.552 OVA || eles 1 Siekaoulye 206
0323 025 (15 108.358 Oi |:29) B38 89 207
0625 O25 Sa hOSeoua O77 | 29° 157.745 208 |
(Oa 025 115 | 01.684 O77 }29 155.944 209
0728 025 115. | 00.331 O77 |
0758 025 115 |01.956 O77 |
0933 Oey || abs) ab ifs (Ao) OTT
OU Opty sy) | aller tem” |, Orel
1418 025 115 108.099 | O77
1815 O25 sh. 196 O77
2017 O25 alee OOO Pal MOna(
0346 025 |14 | 02.056 O77
0737 O25 | aIKOee lO um be Olay

145i oe) (ue | ees | Or

1428 025 16 49.965 _| O77

| 1028 ©25: |G. 56.0138" 1077,

Ael5

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE SR Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg | min sec deg | min sec Fix. No.

Awl6

T No. 306

TRANSECT 2

DROGUE 3 II Depth: 10 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg | min| sec Fix. No.

Aol

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 3

DROGUE R II Depth: 200 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min{ sec deg {min; sec Fix. No.

A-18

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 3

DROGUE 3 III Depth: 1500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg ; min sec deg {min sec Fix. No.

Ae19

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 3

DROGUE T II Depth: 1000 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (WwW)
Date (EST) deg ;min| sec deg jmin| sec

A=20

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 3

DROGUE S.R. II Depth; 1000 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg | min{ sec deg |min| sec Hioa Noe

Ae2l

T No. 306

TRANSECT 4

Time LATITUDE (IN) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min|{ sec deg |min| sec Fix. No.

| 28 Feb | 1319 (Oe | fehl il as}o able)
1349 024 |21 | 27.488
1417 024 }21 | 43.624
L445 024 | 21 | 53.568
1513 024 | 22 | 08.587
1538 024 | 22 | 19.865
-e O21 ern 328336
1635 024 | 22 | 48.214
1708 @21F | 23 OS. (67.
L741 024 | 23 | 22.726
1812 024 | 23 | 38.015
1839 024 | 23 | 51.735
1909 024 |} 2h | 05.482
1939 024 | 2h | 19.013
2008 024 | 24 | 30.567
2038 024 }2h 143.149
2104 024 | 24 | 50.607
2200 024 |}25 | 04.407
2233 024 125 | 10.588
2301 (oye ele aloyacivAll
2332 024 | 25 | 20.110
1 Mar | 0005 024 |25 | 24.983
oo4e 024 |}25 | 28.016
0120 024 |25 | 32.262
0158 024 | 25 | 34.967
0247 024 |25 | 37.581
0345 024 | 25 | 37.937
O447 024 |25 | 29.532
O546 024 |} 25 | 34.379
0656 024 |25 | 30.768
0805 024 | 25 | 28.563
0920 024 | 25 | 26.798
1042 024.125 | 26.531
1159 024 |}25 | ah. 3hh
1530 024 | 22 | 06.680

Aee2e

DROGUE

Time
Date (EST)

28 Feb

1 Mar

K

1146
4216
1241
1336
1404
1432
1500
1526
1552
1622
1649
ILT@2)
1754
1824
1852
1924
ODS
2024
2050
2145
2217
22s
2316
2347

0022
0100
0138
0222
0318
O13
0515
0525
0731
0843
1000
1119
12h5

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 4
Depth: 10 Meters

LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww)
deg jmin gece deg ; min sec Bax. Nor.
024 |22 | 14.766 077 | 36 | 28.278 269
O2TMN22 N25 a 329 ONG 136. 19322380 270
024 22 | 33.92h OTT | 36 | 35.780 271
Oe i eles | eyey alatal O77 | 36 | 42.504 272
024 123 | 02.052 O77 | 36 | 47.260 273
024 | 23 | 11.285 O77 | 36 | 50.882 274
024 123 | 20.135 O77 | 36 {| 54.650 275
024 |23 | 28.489 O77 | 36) ol 58.197 276
Oe) 23) 11 36.766 O77 | 37 | 02.340 Oui
02k (23 | 45.937 O77 | 37 | 06.174 278
024 }23 | 55.174 Oia sie On ene 279
02h }2h | 04.939 (ONATe (ostre 1 alee sigios 280
024 [2h | 13.534 O77 | 37 | 16.598 281
024 |2h | 20.417 ONE SHE Ieee) 282
02h } 24 | 27.700 OMe es (60 283
024 {2h | 29.225 OVE Sie “ih 2OaeHAe) 28h
Oe ele elon A(3i O77 | 37 | 32-289 285
024 }2h | 28.666 OMe INSiTe We sya Ths 286
024 }2h | 27.253 ON Sie alesorels 287

wo | ao oo ao | oo on 288
024 }24k | 24.050 O77 137 | 43.966 289
Oe ely Fe 03a O77 137 | 46.808 290
Qa | pele alr teyhat, OM Steere 291
Oey ral || aleve, vein O77 137 | 50.783 292
024 2h | 08.513 Oy Wish Gates} 293
024 | 2h | 02.202 One SHE 4) Glanstes 29h
OD eomellbo. 272 O77 | 37 | 56.804 295
02h | 23 | 49.090 Ovi | Sie “We592203 296
024 }23 | 41.384 Of 30) 10385552 297
O2 2a eS (34 O77 | 38 | 06.235 298
02h |23 | 12.997 O77 |38 | 08.284 299
02 | 22 | 50.352 OW 1/38.) 07.298 300
024 | 22 | 38.339 Om eo. Obs Old 301
O24 | 22 | 27.269 ONT Stes) Wests N25) 302
O22. raesOl a! On | sth. 1) Clea ston 303
024 722 | 00.228 Onesie al 592590 304
024 721 | 46.941 077 |37 | 59.972 305
024 | 21 | 33.265 Oat 305 11002363 306

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 4

DROGUE K (continued) Depth: 10 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (Ww) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min| sec deg jmin]| sec Fix. No.

Aeah

DROGUE Y II

Time
Date (EST)

28 Feb

1205
1230
1254
1327
1343
W3DD.
1412
L424
L440
1452
1508
TST
1534
1545
1600
1615
1630
1641
1700
1714
1736
i
1806
1815
1836
1844
1904
1913
1936
194
2004

i 20s

2033

| 2042

2101
2108
2128
215)

TRANSECT 4

LATITUDE (N)
deg jmin see deg {min
024 |21 | 18.687 Onielis>
024 |}21 | 29.065 O77 | 35
jay enh | hoyatchie O77 | 35
024 | 21 | 54.530 OTT 135
024 | 22 | 05.208 O35
024 122 | 07.838 OT7 |-35
024 | 22 | 15.459 OTe || S65
02h |22 | 21:518 O77 | 35
024 | 22 | 28.389 O77 | 35
O24 722.9)1 30". 967, O77 | 35
024 |} 22 | 40.616 OTT | 35
024 }22 | 46.801 O77 | 36
024 | 22 | 52.398 OTT | 35
Oe) 22) 157 09k OW -|) SS
024 | 23 | 03.496 ON SS
024 | 23 | 09.496 O77 | 36
Oya ipeke i| aly sey O75) 136
O2t 235 230 133 O77 | 36
024 123 | 30.548 O77 | 36
02h |23 | 38.077 O77 | 36
024 | 23 | 47.336 Onn 6
024 | 23 2.080 O77 | 36
024 | 2k | 01.370 O77 | 36
024 24 | 05.579 O77 | 36
O24 jak | 14.618 O77 | 36
O22 iuj.ess O77 | 36
O22 ely ek 633 ON || He
02h | 2k | 28.652 O77 | 36
024 } 2h | 33.809 OMG 36
O24 2h | 36.014 OTT | 36
024 jek | 4o.41e O77 | 36
o24 12h | 40.806 O77 | 36
024 jak J 45.548 O77 | 36
O22 ae Onn Ona iso
024 }2h 149.656 so | =o

== | <0 2° O77 | 36
024 |}2k 152.523 Ona so
024 |}2k | 51.163 O77 | 36

— ——)} ——

Ao25

T™ No. 306

Depth: 10 Meters

LONGITUDE (W)

sec

42.808
423.974
KS 461
ut. (OL
46.858
49.164
50.407
51.301
52.544
53.780
54. (23
02.673
56.720
57.158
58.440
00.310
01.228
00.524
03.008
03.124
04.820
05.322

Consecutive
huises) Nox
323
324
Sy)
326
S20
328
329
330
Sou
S52
385

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 4

DROGUE Y II (continued) Depth: 10 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg ;min| sec deg jminy sec Fix. No.

DROGUE P

Time
Date (EST)

2 Mar

3 Mar

5 Mar | 1055

O9h6
0951
1306
1341
12h
L457
1534
1611
1646
1705
1740
1956
2033
2115
2152
2238
2320

0025
0108
0210
0253
0350
o440
0548
0650
0800
1000
aL
1240
1655
2037

TRANSECT

LATITUDE (NN)

deg | min

sec

14.801
15.425

ec

Bic
28.

Syl}
969

See
418
.O43
.608
. 640
.400
.B61
515
624
~285
.667
-903

Pao
-705
230
419
.928
.836
565
.031
621
46k
597
2097
2525
-753

edt

2

5 OLS

Depth:

LONGITUDE (WwW)

deg ;min

OTT

Ong 3s2
O77 | 33
Oa Ss
OGS3
OGGes
OTC | 2
OSS
Off 33
ONE BS
O88
OTT | 33
O77 | 34
O77 | 34
O77 | 34
O77 | 34

O77 | 34
OTT | 34
O77 | 34
O77 | 34
OTT | 34
O77 | 34
OTT | 34
OTT | 34
O77 | 34
ON |33
OM 13D
Oe.
ONE SS
ONT 35

sec

36.838 495
49.872 496

-- 497
11.550 498
iT. 3 ON 499
ele) 500
31.897 501
25.860 502
4O.179 503
48.925 50)
53.046 505
DilooilD 506
59.078 507
02.339 508
02.342 509
OD 310 510
10.285 511
14.983 i 512
20.598 513
28.949 514
32.147 Bub)
36.916 516
37-454 Dui
41.884 518
46.340 519
53.816 520
11.289 521
25.210 522
34.339 p28
30.719 524
Lh 627 525

200 Meters

Consecutive
idabie5. Nos

Bo aly ae
30 joT-497 | O77 |39 | 55.986 | 526

T No. 306

TRANSECT 5

Depth: 500 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg jmin} sec deg jmin}| sec Fix. No.

A-28

DROGUE N

Date

2 Mar

3 Mar

5 Mar

Time
(EST)

0856
O911
1326
1440
1552
1708
L749
1902
2015
2135
2300

0047
0230
o412
0618
0837
0927
1229
1718
2017

1126

TRANSECT
LATITUDE (N)

deg | min sec

024 | 22 | 06.799
Oeih || eer || eo). felon,
O24 | 21 | 57.638
Oe || al me alter
(jetty ae |) Gie)aae a
O21 2275 i26.673
024 |} 22 | 4o.4ho0
024 | 23 | 00.246
024 | 23 | 18.587
024 | 23 | 33.026
02) a Ra ic Wie
024 | 2h | 12.109
Oe | ek 132.837
024 | 24 | 56.594
ah 25 || eyecaley
024 | 26 | 02.338
024 | 26 | 13.378
024 |26 | 45.673
Ca Ne sir s the
ah, || eis} || ah, ant
Galt se i) Si/a 7eite)

Aw=29

O77

5
Depth:

LONGITUDE (W)
deg {min Sec
O77 |30 | 40.599
Onfie hsv 1) ale, Weal
Oia e663
O77 131 ek. 536
O77 {31 | 29.343
(Oyeré || Sti I} Paka istonh
OMe Ist |) eadnal
Ove | sier || Oaks rele)
Of 32) 203192.
ONC || S> | ala ones:
Of 32) |) 145659
OTe alesse
OS. siya subs:
OFA, | sei Mss
O77 | 33 | 05.249
O77 | 33 | 26.938
OTE \esis} “I Siosie)
OMRON Genel:
O77 | 35 | 04.590
ONE || Biss || SSAA

TM No. 306

1000 Meters

Consecutive
Fix. No.

436
437
438
439
LO
WAT
ho
43
hd
YS
LG

bh?
Lh8
bhg

T™ No. 306

TRANSECT 5

DROGUE L Depth: 1400 Meters

Time LATITUDE (N) LONGITUDE (W) Consecutive
Date (EST) deg |min] sec deg |minf sec Fix. No.

A=30

DISTRIBUTION LIST
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Chief, Bureau of Naval Weapons (RUTO)
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Office of Naval Research
Navy Department
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Norkolk Til Vai:

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Keyport, Washington

Commanding Officer

U. S. Naval Torpedo Station
Technical Library

Quality Evaluation Laboratory
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Commanding Officer and Director
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Panama City, Florida

Oceanographer
U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office
Washington 25, D. C.

Commanding Officer and Director
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Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn.

No.

T™ No. 306

of Copies

2

al
aL
i

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)

Addressee

Commanding Officer and Director
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David W. Taylor Model Basin
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(Technical Library = 1 copy)

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Commander

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White Oak

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Commander

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Silver Spring, Md.

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Johnsville, Pa.

Director
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Director

Applied Physics Laboratory
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Seattle, Washington

No

T™ No. 306

. of Copies

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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)

Addressee

Director

Ordnance Research Laboratory
Penn State University
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(Prof. Columbus Iselin)
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Scripps Institute for Oceanography

(Marine Physics Laboratory)
LaJolla, Calif.

Hudson Laboratory
Columbia University
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.

Bingham 0. Laboratory
Yale University
New Haven, Conn.

Narragansett Marine Laboratory
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, R. I.

Miami Marine Laboratory
University of Miami

1 Rickenbacker Causeway
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(Dr. Fritz Koczy)

Chesapeake Bay Institute
Johns Hopkins University
Maryland Hall

Baltimore 18, Md.

Dept. of Oceanography
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No. of Copies

T™ No. 306

1

PRP

DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)
Addressee

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Lamont Geological Observatory
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Palisades), Ni. Y.

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Dept. of Commerce
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Library -(1 copy) Dept. of Meteorology (1 copy)
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No

T No. 306

. of Copies

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DISTRIBUTION LIST (Continued)

Addressee No. of Copies
Lernier Marine Laboratory al.
Alicetown

lenbiaball, del lie ibe
(c/o Dupont Bldg.)
Miami, Florida)

Journal of Marine Research at
c/o Sears Foundation

Yale University

New Haven, Conn.

Commander, Headquarters 10
Armed Services Technical Information Agency

Arlington Hall Station

Arlington 12, Va.

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