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LEAFLETS 


OF 


WESTERN BOTANY 


VoLuME II 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
1937-1940 


Owned and published by 


A.icEe Eastwoop and JOHN THomas HoweELL 


Printed by 
THE JAMES H. BARRY COMPANY 
SAN FRANCISCO 


Vot. II No. 1 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 


New or Imperfectly Known Californian Species of Downingia | 
Rosert F. Hoover 


mee muecies..of. Western Plants, 6). a te ses 
Atice Eastwoop 


Three Species of Gnaphalium Adventive in California .  . 10 
Joun THomas Howe Lv 


RN Cee V LLP. je dt te br RS 
J. W. Stacey 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
JANvuARY 27, 1937 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bor. 


POA UU RS 


PORE ALA ET CT 


Owned and published by 


A.icE Eastwoop and JOHN THomas Howe. 


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2 28. Ges, 


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Seb Re) | Lae 


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@ai DEN 


NEW OR IMPERFECTLY KNOWN CALIFORNIAN 
SPECIES OF DOWNINGIA 


BY ROBERT F. HOOVER 
University of California, Berkeley 


The author of this article has had many excellent oppor- 
tunities to observe plants of the genus Downingia in the field. 
The results of these observations are given here as far as they 
apply to forms heretofore undescribed and to range extensions 
of previously named species. 


It is a generally accepted principle that two very closely 
related species, if actually distinct, seldom grow together. 
Specific limits as recognized in this article are in accord with 
that principle. In most cases the colonies of Downingia consist 
of one species only, even when conditions seem equally suitable 
for others. 


The herbaria in which specimens cited here are located are 
indicated as follows: Herbarium of W. L. Jepson (J), Her- 
barium of the California Academy of Sciences (CA), Dudley 
Herbarium of Stanford University (S), Herbarium of the 
University of California (UC). The types of the new species 
and varieties are deposited in the Herbarium of W. L. Jepson, 
with duplicates in the California Academy of Sciences and the 
University of California. 

DoWNINGIA PULCHELLA (Lindl.) Torr. In alkaline beds of 
vernal pools near the sand dunes 10 miles west of Merced, 
Merced Co., May 18, 1936, Hoover No. 1126. This locality is 
farther south than any previously reported for this species in 
interior California. The flowers had all the distinctive charac- 
ters of the species, such as the long divergent lobes of the upper 
corolla-lip and the fully exserted anther-tube. 

Downingia pallida Hoover, spec. nov. Caulibus 5—10 cm. altis et 
rectis vel longioribus et diffuse ramosis; foliis oblongis ad linearibus, 
5—10 mm. longis; lobis calycis equilongis tuba corollz, sub anthesi ascen- 
dentibus, patentibus et szepe accrescentibus in fructu; corolla czsia, labio 
inferiore loco albo centrali flavyo in medio, tuba corollz tenui, lobis inferi- 
oribus superioribusque in eodem plano, labio superiore semi-breviore quam 
inferius; sinibus inter labia corolle2 haud extendentibus trans limbum 
corollz; lobis labii superioris ovatis, subparallelis; labio inferiore plano, 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 1-16, January 27, 1937. 


2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. II, NO. I 


profunde partito, basi sine rugis, gibbis vel maculis; tuba antherarum 
brevi et crassa, breviore vel paulum longiore quam tuba corolle, apice 
pilis duobus brevibus vel pilis nullis. 

Stems 5—10 cm. tall, erect, or longer and diffusely branched; leaves 
oblong to linear, 5—10 mm. long; calyx-lobes equalling corolla-tube, 
ascending in flower, in fruit becoming rotate and often accrescent; corolla 
pale blue, the lower lip with central white area with yellow center; 
corolla-tube slender; sinuses between lips of corolla not extending beyond 
plane of lower lip; lobes of upper lip ovate, subparallel, in same plane as 
lower lip, about half as long as lower lip; lower lip plane, deeply parted, 
no folds, projections, or spots at the base; anther-tube short and thick, 
included or partly exserted, with or without 2 short bristles at apex. 

Central Sierra Nevada foothills. Type collection: in stream 
beds, Warnerville, Stanislaus Co., April 29, 1936, Hoover No. 
1042 (J, type, CA, UC). Other collections: Mokelumne Hill, 
Calaveras Co., F. E. Blatsdell (CA); bed of former pool, 
4.7 miles from San Andreas on road to Valley Springs, Cala- 
veras Co., J.T. Howell No. 4702 (CA); Salt Springs Valley, 
Calaveras Co., Tracy No. 5649 (J); Sonora, Tuolumne Co., 
April 25, 1925, E. A. Green (S); bed of former winter pool, 
1 mile north of Friant, Madera Co., Jepson No. 12903 (J). 

This species seems nearest to D. pulchella. There are differ- 
ences, however, which because they are constant are thought 
to indicate specific rank. In D. pallida the calyx-lobes are 
ascending until the corolla withers; in D. pulchella they are 
rotate from the beginning. The lobes of the upper corolla-lip 
in D. pallida are subparallel and shorter than the strongly diver- 
gent ones of D. pulchella. The lower lip of D. pallida lacks the 
two yellow folds and three purple spots at the base which are 
present in D. pulchella. The anther-tube of D. pallida is much 
shorter and often lacks the two bristles which are present at 
the apex in D. pulchella. Even the color of the corolla appears 
to be constant in this case, being a uniform shade of pale blue 
in all plants of D. pallida seen. At the Warnerville locality it 
was noted that the plants described here grew only in stream 
beds, while D. ornatissima and D. bicornuta grew together in 
adjacent vernal pools. In Calaveras County, however, D. pallida 
also is said to grow in beds of pools. 


Downingia bella Hoover, spec. nov. Caulibus paucis ex basi, crassis 
fistulosisque, decumbentibus vel ascendentibus, 4—15 cm. longis; foliis 


JANUARY, 1937] CALIFORNIAN SPECIES OF DOWNINGIA 3 


oblongis ad linearibus, 5—12 mm. longis; lobis calycis rotatis; corolla 
cyanea, labio inferiore loco albo centrali flavo in medio; lobis labii superi- 
oris semi-ovatis vel lanceolatis, subparallelis, circa semi-brevioribus quam 
labium inferius; labio inferiore plano, basi in ore faucis gibbis duobus 
flavis, gibbis et tribus parvis purpureis maculis alternantibus ; sinibus inter 
labia corolle parallelis cum axi tube corolle et extendentibus paulo trans 
planum labii inferioris; columna staminali breviore vel paulum longiore 
quam tuba corollz, apice pilis duobus retrorso-curvatis; capsulis late 
divaricatis. 


Stems few from the base, stout and fistulous, decumbent or ascending, 
4—15 cm. long; leaves oblong to linear, 5—12 mm. long; calyx-lobes 
rotate; corolla deep bright blue, the lower lip with central white area 
with yellow center; lobes of upper lip semi-ovate or lanceolate, nearly 
parallel, about half as long as lower lip; lower lip plane, with 2 yellow 
projections at the base in the mouth of the throat, with a small purple 
spot between and on either side of the projections ; sinuses between corolla- 
lips parallel to axis of tube, extending a short distance beyond plane of 
lower lip; stamen-column included or slightly exserted, with 2 short 
downward curving bristles at the apex; capsules spreading at a wide 
angle from the stem. 

Vernal pools of alkaline plains on the east side of the San 
Joaquin Valley. Type collection: near San Joaquin River 
southwest of Modesto, April 1, 1936, Hoover No. 837 (J, type, 
CA, UC). Other collections seen are as follows. Stanislaus 
Co.: 10 miles west of Modesto, Hoover No. 386; from type 
locality, Hoover No. 563. Merced Co.: Merced, J. T. Howell 
No. 4168 (CA); 6 miles south of Merced, Hoover No. 953. 
Tulare Co.: 5 miles east of Traver, Hoover No. 1015; 4 miles 
north of Visalia, Hoover No. 921; near Pixley, April 3, 1917, 
Eastwood (CA). 

This is the only Downingia known at present from the valley 
plains of Tulare County, where it is locally abundant. Farther 
north it is less common and is limited to the low plains near the 
trough of the valley, while other species of Downingia are 
found on the higher plains and low foothills to the east. 
Downingia bella comes into flower about two weeks earlier than 
the other species of Downingia of this region (the last week in 
March, or perhaps even earlier in dry years). So far as I have 
observed, the soil where it grows is always somewhat alkaline. 

While the corolla is generally as described, some variations 
can be found. The central one of the three purple spots at the 
base of the lower lip may be lacking. The lobes of the upper 


4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. I 


lip, which usually are in the same plane as the lower lip, fre- 
quently curve backward somewhat, but are always nearly parallel, 
never curving to the sides of the corolla as in D. ornatissima. 
The bristles of the anther-tube, suggesting walrus tusks, help 
to distinguish this species, but sometimes they are very short 
or apparently absent. 

Dowmingia bella is about equally different from several 
species, but may be most closely related to D. pulchella, with 
which it is identical in the color-pattern of the corolla, differing 
in having the main sinuses of the corolla cut below the platform, 
in the short approximate lobes of the upper lip, and in the 
included anther-tube. It resembles D. concolor Greene in the 
shape of the corolla, but differs in color-markings and in its 
stout stems and spreading habit. 


Downingia bicornuta Gray var. picta Hoover, var. nov. Corolla 
cesia; tuba brevissima et lata, superne ochracea; labio inferiore valde 
concavo, basi cornibus duobus prominentissimis atro-purpureis curvatis 
oblique; lobis labii superioris albis vel czesiis, sepe cyaneis apicibus, lobis 
haud divergentibus immo transversariis inter se, acute declinatis et ap- 
pressis ad tubam corolle; pilis apice tube antherarum tortis inter se, 
multum curvatis, tuba antherarum longioribus. 

Corolla light blue; tube very short and broad, brownish-yellow on 
side next to upper lip; lower lip strongly concave, with 2 very prominent 
dark purple horns at the base which curve to the sides; lobes of upper 
lip white or pale blue, often tipped with darker blue, not divergent but 
directed toward each other so that the tips cross, sharply reflexed and 
appressed to corolla-tube; bristles at apex of anther-tube twisted together, 
strongly curved and longer than anther-tube. 


Type collection: gravelly stream bed 7 miles southeast of 
Le Grand, Merced Co., May 1, 1936, Hoover No. 1083 (J, type, 
CA, UC), the extreme form, quite different from D. bicornuta. 
Pleasant Grove, Sutter Co., Hoover No. 1142, similar to the 
type. The following are intermediate in some respects between 
this form and typical D. bicornuta, but all have the brownish 
spot in the corolla-tube: Amsterdam, Merced Co., Hoover 
No. 598; 2 miles northwest of Merced on Oakdale road, Merced 
Co., J. T. Howell No. 4174 (CA) ; 12 miles east of Merced on 
Yosemite highway, Hoover No. 615; Rio Linda, Sacramento 
Co., Jepson No. 16571 (J). 

Although this variety appears quite distinct from D. bi- 
cornuta in the extreme form, the intergrades prohibit its accept- 


JANUARY, 1937] CALIFORNIAN SPECIES OF DOWNINGIA 5 


ance as a species. It appears to be localized in Sutter County 
and Merced County. Elsewhere in the Great Valley the species 
has been seen only in the typical form, though with some trivial 
variations. The characters of typical D. bicornuta contrasted 
with the above description are as follows: corolla usually deep 
blue or violet (but sometimes white); corolla-tube broad but 
not extremely short, with no brownish-yellow ; lower lip nearly 
plane, the horns at the base straight, prominent but less so than 
in var. picta; lobes of upper lip deep blue or violet, divergent, 
recurved but not appressed to the tube; bristles at apex of 
anther-tube (similarly twisted together) less strongly curved, 
shorter than the anther-tube. 


DowNINGIA ORNATISSIMA Greene. The typical form of this 
species, as indicated by Greene’s description of plants from 
Elmira, has pale blue or nearly white flowers. Similar plants 
are found on the east side of the Sacramento Valley. In the 
lower San Joaquin Valley most plants of this species have the 
corolla bright or dark blue, and the anther-tube is often fully 
exserted. My collections of the latter form are listed below. 
San Joaquin Co.: Farmington, Hoover No. 1054. Stanislaus 
Co.: Knight’s Ferry, Hoover No. 1033; Warnerville, Hoover 
No. 1044; 4 miles south of Oakdale, Hoover No. 488 and 1021 ; 
Modesto, Hoover No. 566; Gobin Ranch, Hoover No. 1101. 
Merced Co.: Ryer, Hoover No. 1075; 3 miles north of Snelling, 
Hoover No. 961; 7 miles southeast of Le Grand, Hoover 
No. 1084. 

DowNINGIA MIRABILIS J. T. Howell. Although this species 
was described from the type collection only, it is actually 
common on the east side of the San Joaquin Valley from Stanis- 
laus County to Fresno County. It has been seldom collected 
except by the present writer. The collections are listed as 
follows. Stanislaus Co.: Montpellier, Hoover No. 585. Merced 
Co.: Ryer, Hoover No. 1074; 6 miles southeast of Le Grand, 
Hoover No. 1081. Madera Co.: Berenda, Hoover No. 906; 
Madera, Hoover No. 1248; 6 miles north of Madera, Abrams 
No. 11638 (S); 6 miles east of Madera, April 24, 1927, A. G. 
Vestal (S). Fresno Co.: Pinedale, Hoover No. 984; Herndon 
Avenue east of Pinedale, April 17, 1932, Springer (J. A. Ewan 
Herb.) ; 5 miles east of Clovis, Hoover No. 996. 


6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. I 


Downingta mirabilis does not extend north of the Tuolumne 
River, while the related D. ornatissima is not known south of 
Merced County. In the region where the two overlap they 
appear quite distinct from each other. Although the two spe- 
cies are often found at approximately the same locality, they 
never actually grow together. This has been observed southeast 
of Le Grand in Merced County, where they grow exclusively 
less than a half mile apart, separated by a broad creek bottom. 
Near Ryer station a large colony of D. mirabilis was seen in 
one “hog-wallow,” while only a few yards away D. ornatissima 
and D. bicornuta grew to the exclusion of the former species. 
When growing under favorable conditions, D. mirabilis has 
larger broader leaves of a lighter green than D. ornatissima. 
The flowers are also considerably larger and paler than in the 
form of D. ornatissima found in the San Joaquin Valley, in 
color resembling the pale-flowered D. ornatissima of the Sacra- 
mento Valley. 

Downingia mirabilis J. T. Howell var. eximia Hoover, var. nov. 
Lobis labii superioris corollz ascendentibus, appressis inter se vel paulum 


divergentibus, nec recurvis nec patentibus horizontaliter quidem in 
senectute. 


Lobes of upper corolla-lip ascending, appressed to each other by the 
flat surfaces or slightly divergent, not horizontally spreading or recurved 
even in age. 

Type collection: 3 miles west of Orange Cove, Fresno Co., 
April 28, 1936, Hoover No. 1000 (J, type, CA, UC). Also col- 
lected 1 mile east of Orange Cove, Tulare Co., Hoover No. 1011, 
and at Woodlake, Tulare Co., Hoover No. 1285. 

This form is confined to the vicinity of the town of Orange 
Cove and northern Tulare County on the edge of the foothills. 
Growing with it at Orange Cove were a few plants of typical 
D. mirabilis, which reaches its southern limit there. The latter, 
distinguished by having the lobes of the upper corolla-lip hori- 
zontally spreading with recurved tips, is the only form of the 
species found north of Kings River. 

DowNINGIA HUMILIs Greene. Near La Grange, Stanislaus , 
Co., on the road to Snelling, April 13, 1936, Hoover No. 970. 
The plants are identical with those of Sonoma County, where 
the species was first known. 


JANUARY, 1937] | NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 7 


NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 


By ALICE EASTWOOD 


Aquilegia emarginata Eastwood, spec. nov. Similis ad A. truncato 
F. & M., sed petalis emarginatis et ubique preter stamina glanduloso- 
pubescens; calcaribus incurvis. 


Type: No. 232179, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 
20, 1934, three miles south of Klamath Junction, Jackson Co., 
Oregon, by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 1729. 


In general appearance this resembles the common A. trun- 
cata, but the petals instead of being truncate at the apex are 
emarginate. Aquilegia truncata also is smooth while this is 
glandular-pubescent throughout, even to the flowers and fruit. 
Only the stamens are smooth. The spurs in bud curve inwards, 
later spreading. 

Thelypodium stamineum Eastwood, spec. nov. Annuum, elatum, 
paniculato-ramosum, pilosum, pilis simplicibus vel interdum furcatis ; foliis 
irregulariter lobatis, lobis obtusis, alternantibus, decurrentibus rhachadi, 
infimis foliis 1 dm. longis; floribus parvis, viridibus; sepalis oblongis, ob- 
tusis, albo-marginatis, ca. 5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, parce pilosis; petalis 
linearibus, margine crispis, purpurascentibus, ca. 9 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. 
latis; antheris linearibus, basi sagittatis, superantibus calycem et corol- 
lam; siliquis filiformibus, divaricatis, longissimis 1 dm. longis. 


Type: No. 232117, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected on the 
Victory Highway, 10 miles east of Battle Mountain, Nevada, 
June 10, 1933, by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, 
No. 165b. 


This species is chiefly distinguished by the small greenish 
flowers with the exserted anthers. The numerous pods are long 
and thread-like, with the single row of seeds evident so as to 
be almost moniliform. The pubescence is more abundant at the 
base of the plant and is of white spreading hairs. The leaves 
vary, diminishing upwards, but apparently somewhat lobed. 
The racemes are bractless and the pedicels in fruit are about 
5 mm. long. The sepals seem connivent in the obtuse buds, but 
later spread. The very narrow petals have strongly crisped 
margins and are purplish along the center. The stigma is very 
slightly 2-lobed. 

Lotus Leonis Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, basi ramosus, canes- 


cens, appresso-pubescens ; caulibus ascendentibus, dense foliosis, 1—1.5 dm. 
longis; foliis petiolatis, foliolis 3—5, subobovatis, 5—8 mm. longis, 3—5 


8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. I 


mm. latis; umbellis axillaribus pedunculatis, 3-bracteatis vel sine bracteis, 
5—10 floribus, pedicellatis; calyce campanulato, 5 mm. longo, segmentis 
deltoideis, attenuatis, circa 2 mm. longis; corolla straminea, 1 cm. longa, 
vexillo orbiculato-obovato, 5 mm. longo, ungue 2 mm., alis angustis, super- 
antibus carinam; legumine immaturo, falcato, attenuato, appresso-pubes- 
cente. 

Type: No. 227881, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 3, 
1934, in the dry stream bed of Hackamore River, Hackamore, 
Modoc Co., California, elevation about 1600 m., by Leo 
Whitney, No. 1920, for whom it is named. It belongs to the 
aggregate under Lotus Douglasw Greene, but differs from all 
described in the densely leafy stems with internodes very short, 
the grey-green color of the plant, and the pale straw-color of 
the flowers. 

Arctostaphylos obispoensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Frutex pallidus, 
1—2 m. altus, erectus, ramosus ; caulibus senioribus glabris, atro-purpureis, 
junioribus albo-tomentosis ; foliis ovatis vel oblongis raro lanceolatis, apice 
mucronatis, basi cordatis vel truncatis, pallidis, leviter tomentosis, in 
senectute prope glabratis, maximis foliis circa 4 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, 
petiolis 5 mm. longis; paniculis subsessilibus tomentosis, bracteis foliaceis 
lanceolatis acuminatis pedicellos superantibus; pedicellis prope glabris; 


floribus pallido-roseis, 7 mm. longis; fructu glabro plano-globoso rosaceo, 
circa 1 cm. diametro. 


Type in Herb. Cal. Acad. Sci., No. 165817, collected by 
Alice Eastwood in flower, March 7, 1928, No. 16843, and in 
fruit, Eastwood No. 15125, May 17, 1928, Herb. Cal. Acad. 
Sci., No. 158925. The bushes grew in a serpentine area up 
Chorro Creek, near San Luis Obispo. Collections were made 
also by Eastwood and Howell, No. 2278, east of the Morro dis- 
trict on the new road to Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, 
May 7, 1936. 

This is closely related to A. canescens Eastwood and 
A. auriculata Eastwood and also approaches A. pechoensis Dud- 
ley. It is distinguished from A. canescens by the generally 
cordate bases of the leaves and the smooth fruits and from 
A. auriculata and A. pechoensis by the petiolate leaves. It is 
the dominant shrub growing in the serpentine area on the upper 
elevations of Chorro Creek and when in flower with the pale 
foliage and pink flowers (sometimes white), the effect is 
beautiful. The pubescence is white-tomentose, entirely without 
glandular or spreading hairs. The heart-shaped leaves and 


JANUARY, 1937] NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 9 


general aspect of the shrubs are distinctive. However, this and 
the related shrubs might all be considered as subspecies under 
A. canescens. 

Oreocarya capitata Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, ramosa ex cau- 
dice lignoso, ca. 2 dm. alta, strigosa, viridis; foliis aggregatis basi, lineari- 
lanceolatis, subacuminatis, 10—15 cm. longis, 1—5 mm. latis, viridibus, 
pilis appressis, pustulatis in senectute, pustulis albis, nitidis, tessellatis ; 
foliis caulinis paucis, parvis, strigosis et hispido-ciliatis; inflorescentia 
capitata, superante folios; sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, 1—4 mm. longis, 
1 mm. latis, divaricate hispidis; corolla alba, 8—10 mm. longa, lamina 
8 mm. diametro, segmentis orbiculatis, fornicibus flavis, exsertis 2 mm.; 
staminibus supra medio tube, antheris linearibus, 3 mm. longis; nuculis 
dorso ovatis, obtusis, 4 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis, acute marginatis glabris 
et nitidis, ventro acute costatis, hilo basilare, parvo. 


Type: No. 232041, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the 
author, No. 5969, on the Hermit Trail, Grand Canyon of the 
Colorado, Arizona, April 9, 1917. This specimen is in flower. 
A fruiting specimen, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 232040, was 
collected by the author on the same trail, June 18, 1916. It 
was collected June 23, 1933, on the north side of the Grand 
Canyon on the Kaibab Trail to Roaring Springs, Eastwood & 
Howell No. 1005, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 232039. 

This species comes under the aggregate typified by O. con- 
fertiflora Greene. It differs from the type of which there is a 
duplicate in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. in different pubescence, the 
green color of herbage, the very narrow leaves, the white flowers, 
and a more hispid inflorescence. It is unlike any of the other 
species or varieties that are related in the color of the flowers. 


“It has been fashionable in some quarters in modern times 
to decry both the importance and the value of systematic 
botany. Because of its validity, its human interest, its practical 
bearing on other phases of plant science, and on our everyday 
life, one suspects that some of its critics have lacked the breadth 
of view of leaders in science, and have been misguided in criti- 
cising that which they did not fully understand.”—Dr. E. D. 
Merrill, Memoirs Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 4:57 (1936). 


ice) LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO, I 


THREE SPECIES OF GNAPHALIUM ADVENTIVE 
IN CALIFORNIA 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


How long a weedy immigrant can flourish in our midst and 
escape detection because it simulates another well known species 
is a question which, because of its very nature, is scarcely to 
be answered. Yet such a questioning thought is unavoidable 
when one considers the occurrence of Gnaphalium luteo-album L. 
in California where it is already an aggressive weed in several 
districts and promises to become one of our commonest plant 
inhabitants. Until it was indicated to me by Dr. S. F. Blake of 
Washington, D. C., as an undetermined weed new to our flora, 
the plant would have been passed as a slender phase of 
G. chilense Spreng. which is so abundant in our lower hills and 
valleys. It was in June, 1934, that Dr. Blake pointed out G. luteo- 
album to me at Stanford University and since then observations 
have shown it to be one of the common weeds of the San Fran- 
cisco Peninsula in Santa Clara, San Mateo, and San Francisco 
counties. As the writer once remarked about another rampant 
immigrant, Lactuca saligna, our new Gnaphalium is making 
itself right at home and has all the aspects of a native in the 
territory of its adoption. 


Thinking that earlier Californian collections of G. luteo- 
album might be concealed under the label of G. chilense, I 
sought in the herbaria of the San Francisco Bay region for 
further distributional and temporal data. Only a single speci- 
men was uncovered, one collected by myself in 1929 on the 
Merced River near Merced Falls in Merced County (Howell 
No. 4154). No other collection from the San Joaquin Valley 
was seen until this year when two specimens came to my at- 
tention: the first a specimen collected by Gordon H. True 
(No. 452) near Los Banos in the western part of Merced 
County, the second a specimen communicated by Prof. E. E. 
Stanford from an alfalfa field at Lodi, San Joaquin County; 
and during the past summer when on an excursion to the 
Merced River district, I observed G. luteo-album in dense vigor- 
ous clumps along irrigation ditches. From Southern California 
only a single specimen has been seen, one collected by Miss 


JANUARY, 1937] GNAPHALIUM 11 


Eastwood in the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden in Orange 
County, April 5, 1936. 

It is not always easy to distinguish G. luteo-album from 
G. chilense even after the two have been seen apart. For the 
most part G. chilense is a larger plant with leaf-bases more 
decurrent and with heads larger and more decidedly yellowish 
or straw-color. In G. luteo-album the leaves half clasp the stem 
and the smaller heads are more pearly-shining with a distinctly 
greenish to light brownish tinge. But in the tiny flowers and 
achenes there are definite differences. In G. chilense the corollas 
are yellowish, the achenes are glabrous, and the pappus-bristles 
generally separate when they fall from the achene. In G. luteo- 
album the corollas are a deep maroon or purplish-red at the 
outer end, the achenes are minutely scabrous-pubescent, and the 
pappus-bristles tend to cohere at their somewhat thickened, 
slightly hairy bases. 

The advent and spread of G. luteo-albwm in California is 
not surprising since it is a weedy plant in many parts of the 
world. Although it is reported by Hegi as occurring in America 
outside of the arctic regions, it has never been listed in those 
floras of the United States that have come to my attention. 

7 7 7 

The case of Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb. is quite differ- 
ent. Time and again this very distinctive plant has been collected 
by Mr. Joseph P. Tracy, of Eureka, California, but it has 
remained undetermined for years although a fine series of speci- 
mens from Mr. Tracy has been on file in the Herbarium of the 
University of California. When one of Mr. Tracy’s collections 
came to my attention about two years ago, it attracted me at 
once because it was so different from any Gnaphalium I had 
ever seen, obviously a plant which could not “hide out” behind 
any known Californian species as G. luteo-album had done. 
Here was an annual remarkable for its inflorescence, the capitulz 
being densely congested into regular globular heads which were 
subtended by an involucre of elongate foliage leaves. 

This striking plant has been collected by Mr. Tracy at a 
number of stations in Humboldt County, California, and one 
collection comes from as far east as Sharber Slough on the 
Trinity River, Trinity County (Tracy No. 7783). Mr. Tracy’s 
earliest collection is his No. 4677 obtained September 12, 1915. 


12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. I 


During the past summer the writer found the plant on the west 
side of the Eel River south of Miranda, Humboldt County 
(Howell No. 12888). Here in a dry grassy open in the red- 
wood forest it was associated with no fewer than four other 
species of Gnaphalium and it appeared to be a thriving immi- 
grant. Mr. Tracy reports finding it abundant in certain recently 
logged areas where it behaved as a fire-weed. A widely dis- 
persed native of the Australasian district from Tasmania and 
New Zealand to Japan, G. japonicum is likely to become as 
common through our coastal hills as the two Australian species 
of Erectites which have made themselves so, much at home 


hereabouts. 
oA tf r 


To Mr. Tracy the writer is also indebted for material and 
field observations on another Australian species of Gnaphalium 
which has become established in northwestern California, G. col- 
linum Labill. This species is closely related to G. japonicum 
and it was referred to that species by the writer until its dis- 
tinctive characters were indicated by Mr. Tracy, whose remarks, 
interestingly enough, have been found to coincide almost exactly 
with Bentham’s comments on the species in Flora Australiensis. 
Gnaphalium collinum is a rhizotomous perennial with less com- 
pact heads subtended by fewer and shorter involucral leaves, 
and, according to Mr. Tracy as he knows it, “it acts like a 
thoroughly fixed species and has no particular relation to the 
annual G. japonicum in distribution.” It is also of interest to 
note that whereas G. japonicum has been collected only from 
August 29 (Howell No. 12888) to October 6 (Tracy No. 5118), 
G. collinum has not been collected later than August 13 (Tracy 
No. 10349) and has been collected as early as March 22 (Tracy 
No. 14784). 

This interesting introduction was found by Mr. Tracy as 
long ago as 1904 at Eureka, Humboldt County (Tracy No. 
2134), and since then he has made a number of collections, 
northward along the coast to southern Del Norte County and 
eastward to the vicinity of Korbel, Humboldt County. His col- 
lections present rather diverse aspects in habit and inflores- 
cence, and although these are believed to be merely responses 
to local environmental conditions, variations only little more 
pronounced than these have received nomenclatorial recognition 
in Australia and Tasmania where the species is native. 


JANUARY, 1937] NOTES ON CAREX 13 


NOTES ON CAREX—VIII 


BY J. W. STACEY 


Carex curatorium Stacey, spec. nov. Dioica; rhizomatibus congesto- 
implicatis, breviter repentibus, atro-purpureis; culmis 2.5—4.5 dm. altis, 
basi purpureo-rubris, valde aphyllopodis; foliis 4—6 ex singulis culmis 
fertilibus, laminis amplis, 5—20 cm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis, vaginis demum 
fractis et paulum filamentosis; spicis rectis, solitariis; spicis masculis 
linearibus, 2.5—3 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis; spicis femineis linearibus, 
2.5—3.5 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis; squamis oblongis vel lanceolato-ovatis, 
pubescentibus, rubescenti-purpureis, pallidioribus in medio, angustioribus 
et multum brevioribus quam perigynia; perigyniis in spicis manifestissi- 
mis, late oblongo-ovatis, planis, 3.5—4.5 mm. longis, 2—2.25 mm. latis, 
dense pubescentibus, helvolis, abrupte brevi-rostratis; acheniis trigonis, 
2 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, castaneo-tinctis. 

Dicecious; rootstocks densely matted, short-creeping, purplish-black, 
lignescent, stout; culms arising several together, somewhat decumbent at 
base, 2.5—4.5 dm. high, exceeding the leaves, purplish-red at base, strongly 
aphyllopodic; leaves with well developed blades, 4—6 to a fertile culm 
on the lower third but not clustered, the blades erect, channeled, 5—20 cm. 
long, 2—3 mm. wide, attenuate; sheaths puberulent, hyaline, yellowish- 
tinged ventrally, breaking and becoming somewhat filamentose; spike 
erect, solitary; staminate spike linear, 2.5—3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, scales 
acutish to obtuse, reddish-brown with lighter center; pistillate spike 
linear, 2.5—3.5 cm. long, 3—4 mm. wide, closely flowered above, more 
loosely at base, bract, if present, about 5 mm. long, inserted about 5 mm. 
below spike, sometimes subtending a perigynium, scales oblong or lance- 
ovate, pubescent, reddish-purple, with lighter center and narrow hyaline 
margins, narrower and much shorter than the perigynia, so that the peri- 
gynia are very conspicuous in the spikes; perigynia broadly oblong-ovate, 
flattish, densely pubescent, few-nerved, yellowish-gray, tinged with green, 
especially on the margins, abruptly contracted into a short beak; achenes 
triangular with concave sides, loosely enveloped in the middle of the 
perigynia, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, chestnut-brown, short-stipitate, 
apiculate, jointed with the slender style; stigmas 3, short. 


Types: staminate plant, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 204973, 
Eastwood and Howell No. 1101; pistillate plant, Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci., No. 204974, Eastwood and Howell No. 1100, col- 
lected June 23, 1933, on Kaibab Trail to Roaring Springs, Grand 
Canyon National Park, Arizona. Two other collections made 
with the type of the pistillate plant bear the numbers 1045 and 
1089. Duplicates of some of these collections were distributed 
as C. pseudoscirpoidea Rydb., an early determination reported 
in the literature (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 142, 1934). Carex cura- 
torium is named in honor of the collectors, Miss Alice Eastwood, 


14 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. I 


curator, and Mr. J. T. Howell, assistant curator, Department 
of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, from both of whom 
the author has received the utmost assistance and courtesy in 
the assembling of a large collection of Carices and in the con- 
tinuous use of the herbarium for study. 

This species belongs to the section Scirpine Tuckerm., and 
stands out from all other species in this section in that the peri- 
gynia are very much exposed, giving a grayish appearance to 


the pistillate spikes. eee) tee 


The rare Carex gigas (Holm) Mackenzie was collected by 
J. T. Howell, No. 12725, on the summit of Scott Mts., north 
of Carrville, Trinity Co., California, August 24, 1936. As the 
plant was strongly aphyllopodic, we were puzzled by Mac- 
kenzie’s key in North American Flora, where it is placed as 
phyllopodic. Through the courtesy of the United States Na- 
tional Herbarium and the Gray Herbarium, sheets of the type 
and other material, collected at Mt. Eddy and Grizzly Hill, both 
in Siskiyou County, were sent. It was found that the borrowed 
specimens were also aphyllopodic, and that the only difference 
in the plants was that the one collected by J. T. Howell was 
taller and ranker, as might be expected from the fact that it was 
collected at a lower altitude. Although Mackenzie keys C. gigas 
as phyllopodic, in the text he has “phyllopodic (but with basal 
scales), which is contradictory, for if it has basal scales, this 
very fact makes the plant aphyllopodic. With this new col- 
lection, the description of Mackenzie should be revised to read 
“culms 3—6 dm. high” instead of “3—4.5 dm. high,” and “pistil- 
late spikes 1.5—4.5 cm. long” instead of “1.5—2.5 cm. long.” 

As Mackenzie has not very well differentiated C. gigas in 
his key, and as a new species has been added to the section, a 
key to all known species of the section Scirpine is herewith 
given. 
Culms aphyllopodic, strongly purple-tinged at base. 

Perigynia compressed-triangular, 2.5—3.5 mm. long. 

Perigynia short-whitish-pubescent; scales very narrowly 
Viki hele ovr) aloe i Leb flesk les Rt RT RE AOR Ep alas C. scirpoidea 


Perigynia hirsute, yellowish-brown or greenish-brown; scales 
broadly hyaline-margined ...........-...-22-.-2se-eeeee C. scirpiformis 


JANUARY, 1937] NOTES ON CAREX 15 


Perigynia flattish, 3—4 mm. long. 
Perigynia oblanceolate or lanceolate.......................... C. stenochlena 
Perigynia broader, ovate to obovoid. 
Perigynia broadly obovoid; scales as long as or much 


longer than the perigynia —...........-.-.-.-.----ce--see---0---- C. gigas 
Perigynia broadly oblong-ovate; scales much shorter than 
the werteyiiid 27s a ee Se aa C. curatorium 


Culms phyllopodic, brownish or reddish-brown at base. 
Perigynia obscurely triangular, obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, strongly 
PT i ae le dies HE ot eet ae alae ae han ee C. pseudoscirpoidea 
Perigynia flattish, oblong-oblanceolate, 4—4.5 mm. long, minutely 
puberulent, or sparingly pubescent on the angles....C. scabriuscula 


cell: blades ( 


Carex nova L. H. Bailey, a Rocky Mountain species, 
reported heretofore only in the states of Montana, Wyoming, 
Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, has been found in two more 
western states, Idaho and Oregon. It was collected by Prof. 
Morton E. Peck (No. 18493) on July 13, 1934, at Ice Lake, 
Wallowa Mts., Oregon, and by Prof. J. W. Thompson (No. 
13555), on July 28, 1936, at Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth Range, 
Idaho. It is to be expected in the Blue Mountains of south- 


eastern Washington. 
of 7 7 


Carex tumulicola Mackenzie has been collected by J. T. 
Howell (No. 6380) at China Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, Cali- 
fornia. This is a considerable extension of its range as it has 
not been reported before from farther south than the vicinity 
of Monterey, some 200 miles away. This species grows along 
the coast northward more or less abundantly to just beyond the 
Oregon-Washington boundary, and then has not been found 
for another 200 miles, until it reappears in the San Juan Islands. 


q rf 7 


A new record for California is that of Carex neurophora 
Mackenzie, collected by J. P. Tracy at Trinity Summit, Hum- 
boldt County, No. 14143. This species occurs in southern 
Oregon so its appearance in northern California was to be 
expected. Mr. Tracy also collected on Trinity Summit, Hum- 
boldt County, C. Jonesti L. H. Bailey and C. paucicostata 
Mackenzie, both of which represent considerable extensions of 
range, as these species have been found heretofore only in the 
Sierra Nevada. 


16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. I 


Carex atrosquama Mackenzie was collected at Lone Frank 
Creek, Okanogan County, Washington, east side of Rock Moun- 
tain, August 4, 1933, by Charles B. Fiker, No. 1412. In the 
editorial appendix of North American Flora, vol. 18, part 7, 
p. 470, the editor states that in notes left by Mackenzie, C. viri- 
dior Mackenzie (in Abrams, Ill. Fl. Pacif. St. 1:331) is 
regarded as a name applied to a mixture of C. atrata L. and 
C. atrosquama. We have not seen the type of C. wiridior 
Mackenzie, Eggleston. No. 3329, collected at Sheep Mountain, 
Okanogan County, Washington, but since the plant collected 
by Fiker is in the same general locality as that collected by 
Eggleston, and since C. atrata L. has not yet been found in 
Washington, it may be inferred that both sheets are C. atro- 
squama Mackenzie. 


DIPSACUS SYLVESTRIS Huds.’ This, the so-called Common 
Teasel of Europe, was reported by Katherine Brandegee in 
Zoe 2:383 (1892) as a naturalized plant of San Francisco, 
growing “behind and above the Presidio proper.” It was in- — 
cluded by Jepson in the two editions of the Flora of Western — 
Middle California, but it is omitted from the Manual of the 
Flowering Plants of California although the plant still flourishes 
at the station where it was first detected and whence it has not 
spread in the past forty years. A specimen of this species, col- 
lected by Alice Eastwood at Sisson, Shasta County, in 1912, 
provokes the thought that the species is perhaps more widely 
distributed in California than is realized and that some colonies 
passed as Fullers’ Teasel (D. fullonum L.*) may be the Common 
Teasel, since in gross aspect the two plants are not dissimilar. 
They can be distinguished by the bracts in the heads, those 
of the Fullers’ Teasel being rigid and recurved, those of the 
Common Teasel (which with us is the rarer of the two) being 
pliant and straight—John Thomas Howell. 


1 This name and author are assumed for the Common Teasel although 
it appears in the Index Kewensis as D. sylvestris Mill. and is given by 
Hegi in Fl. Mitt. Eur. VI, 1:281 as D. silvester Huds. 

2 Dipsacus fullonum( excluding var. sativus) of Linnaeus’ Species Plan- 
_tarum is not the Fullers’ Teasel as we know it, but is D. sylvestris of 
present use. But the combination Dipsacus fullonum, which was first 
made by Linnaeus, can be interpreted as the name-bringing synonym for 
the Fullers’ Teasel, which was called by Brunsfels and other pre-Linnean 
writers Carduus fullonum. Thus, it would appear that the name D. ful- 
lonum [Brunsfels] L. can be preserved for proper use for the Fullers’ 
Teasel, instead of D. sativus (L.) Honck.; and certainly its ‘preservation 
is eminently desirable.’’ (See Greene, Pitt. 3:1-9, for further discussion 
and for source of matter for this note.) 


Lh it ee 
ean a Se 


Vo . II No. 2 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


% 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
A Russian Collection of Californian Plants. . . . . I7 
JoHN Tuomas Howe. 
The Type Locality of Gilia congesta . 21 
LINCOLN CONSTANCE 
Notes on the Distribution of Great Basin Plants—II . . 23 
Bassett MAGUIRE 
OS Ae OR eR es a nn AL OR BIE [a oC Ba? fs 
A.ice Eastwoop 
SG OES eet CY See A OLN Ae Rtmin ty Ae ae AR 


J. W. STACEY 


This number published with funds from the 
California Botanical Club 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Aprit 19, 1937 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEst. Bor. 


AU UU 


pli 
INCHES 


pvaguoypeenganganaytenguccapn agg aape ages eee 


Owned and published by 


Axice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas HowkELL 


i i ie te 


APR 66 1937 


YORK 
:OTANICAL 


APRIL, 1937] A RUSSIAN COLLECTION 17 


A RUSSIAN COLLECTION OF CALIFORNIAN 
PLANTS 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


For a collection of herbarium specimens to encircle the earth 
in order to be named is a rare occurrence, and yet such a col- 
lection recently came to me for study. The much-travelled 
specimens would be noteworthy if only because of their ex- 
tended journeying; but this particular collection holds a special 
interest for us who live in California because the plants were 
collected by the Russians in 1840 and 1841 immediately before 
they abandoned their Californian colony not far north of San 
Francisco. Until recently the existence of this unnamed col- 
lection in the herbarium of the great Russian Academy of 
Sciences in Leningrad was not generally known, and indeed it 
would seem likely that the memory and knowledge of these 
early Californian specimens had passed even from the minds 
of Russian botanists. More recently, the bundles were re- 
discovered, and, together with other American collections, were 
sent for determination to Dr. Ivan M. Johnston at the Arnold 
Arboretum. Recognizing the particular interest that would be 
attached to this set of plants by Californians, Dr. Johnston 
inquired if I would like to see and name the collection. The 
opportunity to examine these early Californian specimens was 
eagerly and gratefully accepted; and so it happened that the 
specimens after encircling the earth came to be named less than 


100 miles from where they were collected nearly 100 years ago 


and where their descendants still flourish on the maritime bluffs 
and mesas or in the interior hills and valleys.* 

An interesting chapter in Californian history is recalled by 
this collection.2 Early in the winter of 1841, after twenty-nine 
years of occupation, the Russian colonists left Ross on the 
Sonoma coast of California.* The attempt to establish a perma- 


1 The specimens were originally sent to St. Petersburg via Alaska and 
Siberia. On their return to California, they crossed western Europe, the 
Atlantic Ocean, and North America. After the specimens were determined, 
all were returned to Leningrad except a few duplicates which are now in 
the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. 

2 For the historical data in this account, I am chiefly indebted to the 
very interesting number of the California Historical Society Quarterly 
which dealt with the Russians in California, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 189-276, 1934. 

8 Ross was known to the Spanish-Californians as Fort Ross, the name 
b whith it is generally known today. It should not be confused with Ross, 
arin County, a modern residential district that is situated between 
Mt. Tamalpais and San Rafael. 
Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 17-32, April 19, 1937. 


18 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 2 


nent colony in California had failed because the enterprise had 
not proved profitable to the Russian American Company which 
was primarily interested in revenue from sea-otter and seal 
hunting on the Californian coast and in the development of 
agricultural activities. After the decision of the company in 
the spring of 1839 to dispose of its Californian holdings, a 
purchaser had been sought in the Mexican pueblos of Sonoma 
and Yerba Buena, but finally the property was sold to Capt. 
John A. Sutter of New Helvetia (Sacramento). 


In June, 1841, just a few months before Ross was finally 
evacuated and while negotiations for the disposal of the proper- 
ties were assuming form, one of the chief accomplishments of 
the Russian sojourn was realized, the ascent and naming of 
Mt. St. Helena, the most conspicuous landmark in the Coast 
Ranges immediately north of San Francisco Bay. It seems 
probable that the one who initiated this undertaking and was 
responsible for its success was E. Voznesenski,* scientist- 
naturalist from the zoological museum of the Russian Academy 
in St. Petersburg. Voznesenski, 24 years of age when he came 
to California in 1840, was a trained entomologist and his col- 
lections of insects from various parts of central California have 
become classical; but only now, after all these years, is it known 
to us that he also collected plants, the same plants that came 
back to us in California to be identified. 

The collection contained 346 specimens representing 214 
species and varieties. The specimens were collected in 1840 and’ 
1841, in general a fairly representative collection of specimens 
from the flora of present-day Sonoma County: a number obvi- 
ously from the coastal hills and mesas in the immediate vicinity 
of Ross, and others from the interior, some certainly from 
Mt. St. Helena. But whether the specimens originated on 
the coast or in the interior, most of the labels accompanying 
the specimens carry only the printed data, “California boreal. 
Ross.—leg. Wossnesensky,” and on only a few appear more 
definite designations of locality in script. Thus on a rare and 
unusual form of Eriogonum vimineum is the notation “FI. 

4 The orthography of this name varies in the literature on the Russian 
colony in California. The variant adopted here is the one accompanying 
the scientist’s portrait, facing page 120 in the publication of the Russian 


Academy of Sciences, “The Pacific, Russian Scientific Investigations,” 
Leningrad, 1926. 


APRIL, 1937] A RUSSIAN COLLECTION 19 


Slavjana,” that is, the Slav or Russian River; a specimen of 
Anaphalis margaritacea is labelled “Bodega”; and on yet an- 
other, Erodium cicutarium, is the note “Rio San Ignacio.” One 
of the most interesting of these special designations is ‘“‘m. St. 
Helenz et desertum St. Rose,” the mountain of St. Helen and 
the desert of St. Rose. In June, 1841, in the heat of early 
summer, as Voznesenski and his party traversed the hot and 
desiccated country beyond Santa Rosa in his ascent of Mt. 
St. Helena, well might he have called it a desert. Those inhabi- 
tants of Sonoma County who now live between Santa Rosa 
and Mt. St. Helena would probably not be highly edified to hear 
their home district called the Santa Rosa Desert, but one can 
well imagine the feelings of Voznesenski and his companions 
as they traversed the brushy hills and mountains. The hard- 
ships endured and the difficulties surmounted can be vividly 
imagined by those who are acquainted with the region, and the 
label on these plants tells in one word, desertum, that the first 
ascent of Mt. St. Helena was not easily accomplished. It is to 
be regretted that no account by any member of the party who 
made the historic ascent is known. Among the specimens that 
carry this thought-provoking label are plants from the chaparral 
of the interior hills and mountains such as Adenostoma fascicu- 
latum, Pickeringia montana, and Eriodictyon californicum, as 
well as such herbs as Calochortus amabilis, Silene californica, 
Hypericum concinnum, Antirrhinum vagans, Antirrhinum virga, 
and others. 

Regarding the data on the labels, it only remains to be noted 
that while most of the specimens are credited to “Wossne- 
sensky,” eight were collected by Kuprianov, governor of Russian 
America at the time Ross was abandoned. Some of the speci- 
mens are also accompanied by notations of specific date and 
locality in Russian script on small bits of paper, evidently clipped 
from the original papers in which the specimens were prepared. 

Among the most interesting plants represented in the col- 
lection are the weeds. Although the weeds are not numerous, 
the few that there are furnish definite evidence of the occur- 
rence of certain species even at so early a date. Two species of 
filaree which are now among the most abundant plants in the 
lowlands of California are in the collection, Erodium cicutarium 
and E. moschatum. Poa annua, Silene gallica, Raphanus sativus, 
Malva sp. (seedling), Anagallis arvensis, and Physalis ixocarpa 


20 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [vou. II, NO. 2 


are other widely naturalized weeds of today which are included 
in the collection. Other plants in the collection definitely of 
garden origin which have never become naturalized are Pisum 
sativum, Ruta graveolens, Althea rosea, Borago officinalis, and 
Lycopersicum esculentum. And it is of special interest to note 
those plants which are sometimes regarded as doubtfully indige- 
nous to California: Arabis glabra, Fragaria chiloensis, Geranium 
carolinianum, Oxalis corniculata, Apocynum cannabinum, Pru- 
nella vulgaris, and Solanum nigrum. 

While there is some botanical interest in the weeds of the 
collection, no extraordinary scientific interest is to be attached to 
the native species represented, most of which are not uncommon 
and can still be found in the hills and valleys of Sonoma County. 
But in passing it is interesting to note that, whereas the Russian 
collectors neglected to obtain a specimen of the glory of the 
northern California Coast Ranges, the Redwood, they did find 
several plants relatively rare, such as Trifolium ameenum Greene 
and Antirrhinum virga Gray, as well as the most robust speci- 
men of Orthocarpus pusillus known to me, a plant more than 
6 inches tall. But by and large, this set of plants offers a striking 
and impressive instance of what value accrues to a collection 
which is thoroughly studied and reported in botanical litera- 
ture, and what happens if such studies are not made. Many 
plants in the collection were unknown to science when they 
were collected and if by a bit of diligent research they had 
been sought out and named, the collection would now rank 
with those obtained by Nuttall, Douglas, and Hartweg, and 
by the earlier Russian collectors, Langsdorff, Chamisso, and 
Eschscholtz. As it is today, Voznesenski’s Californian col- 
lection is just another set of Sonoma County plants as far as 
scientific value is concerned; and what might have proved a 
classical collection of Californian plants is noted here as some- 
thing of merely botanico-historical interest. If things botanical 
had been done differently in old St. Petersburg, I would not 
have had the interesting experience of working over these plants 
in San Francisco so near to their original home; and instead 
of going to the Gray Herbarium or to Kew to study rare and 
precious types of certain species, Californian botanists would 
be journeying to Leningrad to learn what certain types collected 
by Voznesenski are really like! 


APRIL, 1937] GILIA CONGESTA 21 


THE TYPE LOCALITY OF GILIA CONGESTA 


BY LINCOLN CONSTANCE 
Washington State College, Pullman, Washington 


The question of the type locality of Gilia congesta Hooker 
was left unsettled in a recent revision of this species and its 
allies by Mr. Reed C. Rollins and myself (Amer. Journ. Bot. 
23 :443-440,—1936). We pointed out that the original col- 
lection was made by Douglas, on the “Sandy plains of the 
Columbia,” presumably in 1829 (although the collector was not 
even in North America at that date) and that the only com- 
parable subsequent collection was that by the Wilkes Expedition, 
from the “Upper Columbia.” Gilia congesta has been included 
in the flora of Washington solely upon the basis of these two 
early records. Rydberg judged as typical the local variant of 
the Black Hills of South Dakota and neighboring Wyoming 
(our var. pseudotypica), thus, at least by implication, moving 
the type locality across the Rocky Mountains. We concluded, 
rather lamely, that: “Not all of the Columbia drainage has been 
thoroughly botanized . . . and it is possible that this plant may 
have escaped detection in recent years.” 

A set of Gilia congesta recently sent me for annotation by 
Mr. J. William Thompson of Seattle, premier contemporary 
collector of the Pacific Northwest, contained a sheet of the 
species collected by Sister Mary Milburge, in Spokane County. 
Mr. Rollins compared this with an isotype of G. congesta at the 
Gray Herbarium, and reported an excellent match. A request 
to the collector for further information brought a generous 
response: a duplicate specimen, and a map showing the site of 
collection. The specimen is her No. 874, collected May 5, 1934, 
on a dry gravelly hillside, 15 to 25 miles northwest of Spokane, 
on the Spokane River, between the mouth of the Little Spokane 
River and Nine Mile. 

Inasmuch as Douglas, according to his Journal, crossed and 
recrossed the Spokane River in the years 1826 and 1827, and 
even ascended some nine miles above its mouth, we feel there 
need no longer be serious question as to the approximate type 
locality. 


22 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VoL. II, NO. 2 


The same paper set the northern limit of Gilia congesta var. 
montana (Nelson & Kennedy) Constance & Rollins at Crater 
Lake and Mount Thielson, Oregon. An examination of speci- 
mens in the University of Oregon Herbarium, at Eugene, 
revealed a collection made in “scoria, top of South Rim of New- 
berry Crater, Paulina Mountains, July 7, 1928, L. E. Detling 
No. 6.” This extends the range of the variety some thirty-five 
miles northeast, into Deschutes County, and further corrobo- 
rates the suggestion that several species, known only from 
Crater Lake or thought to range only thus far north, are likely 
to occur, also, in the Paulina Mountains. 


cf if 7. 


Typical Gilia congesta has also been collected, “above 8000 
feet, Broken Top, east of the South Sister (Cascade Moun- 
tains), Oregon, August 4, 1931, Ed. Easton” (L. F. Henderson 
No. 14169) (Univ. Oreg.). This, again, represents a consider- 
able extension in range along the summit of the Cascades into 
Lane-Deschutes counties. 

Although a specimen of Gulia congesta from the Wallowa 
Mountains of northeastern Oregon was in the herbarium of the 
State College of Washington at the time, we excluded it from 
our paper, on the suspicion that the data might be erroneous. 
The discovery of two other specimens from the same area 
verifies the authenticity of this occurrence, and the following 
citations should be added: 

OreEcon. Wallowa Co.: on the Imnaha near the source, 
7000 ft. alt., Wallowa Mountains, August, 1906, W. C. Cusick 
No. 3083 (Univ. Oreg.); Wallowa Mountains, 8000 ft. alt., 
August, 1909, Cusick (Univ. Oreg.); near the sources of the 
Imnaha River, high Wallowa Mountains, August 12, 1911, 
Cusick (Wash. State Coll.). 

The Broken Top and Wallowa plants occupy an inter- 
mediate point on the line of morphological development between 
typical Gilia congesta and var. montana, and would probably fall 
into that unnatural population segregated as subsp. palmifrons 
(G. palmifrons Rydb.) by Brand. 


APRIL, 1937] GREAT BASIN PLANTS 23 


NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION? OF GREAT 
BASIN PLANTS—II? 


BY BASSETT MAGUIRE® 


This series of notes‘ is designed to make better known the 
occurrence and distribution of hitherto unrecorded and rare 
plants of the Great Basin. 

*EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM Schleich.5 13167°®: Iron Co., 
Utah. Common in wet meadow parks in spruce at 10,000 ft. 
Dixie National Forest in the vicinity of Cedar Breaks. 

* SORGHUM HALEPENSE (L.) Pers. 13264: Washington Co., 
Utah, Aug. 3, 1934. Becoming a common weed in Washington 
Co.; also collected by Valgene Lehman in the Bear River 
marshes, Box Elder Co., Utah. 

*SALIX MONTICOLA Bebb.”? 1719: June 28, 1932; 1720: 
June 26, 1932; San Juan Co., Abajo Mts.; 1722: San Juan Co., 
La Sal Mts., July 5, 1935. Somewhat common at and above 
8000 ft. These collections, according to Dr. C. R. Ball, extend 
the range of this species considerably westward from the 
Rocky Mts. 

*CLAYTONIA VIRGINICA L. 4793: Washington Co., Utah, 
April 1, 1934. Under thickets, moist canyon slopes, Zion Na- 
tional Park. A robust form frequently producing three stem- 
leaves. 

RANUNCULUS TRICHOPHYLLUS Chaix var. HISPIDULUS 
(E. R. Drew) W. B. Drew. (R. Grayanus Freyn.) 1812: San 
Juan Co., Utah, July 5, 1932. Vernal pool in Quercus Gambellu 
association. South trail to La Sal Pass, 8000 ft. 15369: Cache 
Co., Utah, May 14, 1934. Growing abundantly in Dry Lake, a 
large vernal pond at 6000 ft. These two stations apparently 
double those previously known from Utah. Tidestrom® reports 

1 The use of the adjective ‘Distributional’ in the title of the first 
iron te ceueuintle emer tr hs ced ata 

2 Contribution from Department of Botany, Utah Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station. Publication authorized by Director. 

8 In charge of the herbarium. 

4 Maguire, B. Distributional Notes on Plants of the Great Basin 
Region—I. Leafl. West. Bot. 1:185-188 (1935). 

Ne jel Lag asterisk indicates records which seem to be new for Utah or 
TB numbers following the plant name are the field numbers of the 


7 Identified by Dr. C. R. Ball. 
8 Tidestrom, Ivar, Flora of Utah and Nevada, 214 (1925). 


24 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL, II, NO. 2 


Batrachium Grayanum from Fish Lake, Sevier Co., and Drew® 
cites E. B. & L. B. Payson No. 4848 from Summit Co., near 
the west fork of Bear River. 

*BERBERIS FENDLERI Gray. 5904: San Juan Co., Utah, 
June 27, 1933. Lateral canyons to San Juan River, vicinity of 
Bluff. To be expected elsewhere in southeastern Utah since this 
plant is very common in adjacent Colorado along the Dolores 
and San Miguel rivers which join the Colorado River in Grand 
Co., Utah. 

*CRATZGUS CHRYSOCARPA Ashe. 5184: Cache Co., Utah, 
August 27, 1934. Growing sparingly along the stream bank, 
Blacksmith Forks Canyon, 5500 ft. 

* PRUNUS DEMISSA (Nutt.) Walp. 5185: Cache Co., Utah, 
August 23, 1934. Uncommon on slopes, Logan Canyon, 6000 ft. 
A southern extension of its known range into Utah. 

*Hipiscus Trionum L. 212: Davis Co., Utah, 1931. A 
recent weed introduction occurring in cultivated fields. This 
plant has been sent in from several localities in the state, and 
may be expected to become a generally distributed weed. 

* FRAXINUS MACROPETALA Eastw. 4902, 4903, 4904: Clark 
Co., Nevada, April 6, 1934. About small swamps eight miles 
north of Glendale. Known hitherto only from northwestern 
Arizona. 

*SOLANUM ROSTRATUM Dunal. 5688: San Juan Co., Utah. 
Occurring as a weed in fields and along canal banks in Bluff, 
Utah. A specimen of this weed has been sent to the writer 
from Salt Lake Co. 

OENOTHERA BREVIPES Gray var. TYPICA Munz. 4893: 
Mohave Co., Arizona, April 3, 1934. Common in sand of 
Beaver Dam Wash, Arizona Strip. 

DopocATHEON TETRANDRUM Suksdorf. 4219, 4220, 4222: 
Summit Co., Utah, August 18-19, 1933; 4221: Duchesne Co., 
Utah, August 19, 1933; all collected from the high Uinta Mts. 
in the vicinity of Mirror Lake and the Still Water Basin. These 
collections were distributed as D. pauciflorum (Durand) Greene. 
Subsequent to Goodman’s?* paper calling attention to the occur- 
rence of the tetramerous species in the Uinta Mts., the writer 


9 Drew, W. B. Rhodora, 38:29 (1936). 


10 Goodman, Geo. J. Notes on the Distribution of Some Rocky Moun- 
tain Plants. Ann. Mo. Bot. 18:284 1931. 


APRIL, 1937] GREAT BASIN PLANTS 25 


again examined his material and discovered his error in identifi- 
cation. In addition to the above four collections of this species, 
the writer has before him two collections of the same plant 
from this general region collected by Dr. B, L. Richards and a 
recent collection of his own from Henry’s Fork Basin. Since 
the writer has seen no specimens of D. pauciflorum from the 
higher Uinta Mts., it would seem that here D. tetrandrum 
occurs, probably to the exclusion of the generally common 
D. pauctflorum. 

*MIMULUS PRIMULOIDES Benth. 13124: Washington Co., 
Utah. Moist place along wash in meadow. Pine Valley Mts., 
10,000 ft. 14323: Summit Co., Utah, 10,800 ft. Abundant in 
grass-sedge and vaccinium bogs about Grass Lake. Frequent 
in similar situations in Henry’s Fork Basin, Uinta Mts. 

Outside of the general Pacific States range of this attractive 
little plant, the records given above are the only collections 
known to the writer that have been made since 1916, and con- 
nect by great jumps the Idaho stations of Macbride*? and 
Macbride and Payson*™ with that of Goodding™ in southern 
Arizona. This erratic distribution would lead to the belief that 
this species of Mimulus will be found, through more thorough 
field work, to have a more general distribution. 

Rusia TINcToRUM L. 4482: Washington Co., Utah. Locally 
well established. Developing vigorously in slopes of Ash 
Canyon, 2 miles northwest of La Verkin. 

APLOPAPPUS SUFFRUTICOSUS Nutt. *subsp. Typicus Hall. 
13389: Iron Co., Utah, August 5, 1934. Occurring frequently 
under Pinus aristata in stony sandy soil in the vicinity of Mid- 
way Summit, 6 miles west of Cedar Breaks at 10,000 ft., Dixie 
National Forest. 13386: Washington Co., Utah, August 1, 
1934. With Arctostaphylos pungens under Pinus ponderosa; 
on rocks. North slopes of Pine Valley Mts., 10,000 ft. 

* ARTEMISIA NORVEGICA Fries var. SAXATILIS (Besser) Jep- 
son. 14394, 14523, 14594: Summit Co., Utah. All collections 
made in upper basin of the Henry’s Fork of the Green River 
in the vicinity of Mt. Gilbert and King’s Peaks, at an altitude 
of 10,800 to 11,200 ft. This plant replaces A. scopulorum in 
deeper, richer, and better drained soil in more protected sites ; 


11 Grant, A. L. A Monograph of the Genus Mimulus. Ann. Mo. Bot. 
11:244 1924, 


26 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VoL. II, NO. 2 


the latter species occurring commonly on stony exposed ridges 
and at higher elevations, up to 12,000 ft. 

CENTAUREA Picris Pall. 5624: Grand Co.; 5625: San Juan 
Co., Utah. The plant is listed by the common name, Russian 
Napweed, as one of the noxious weeds of Utah. It is cited by 
Tidestrom™ from the vicinity of Salt Lake. At the present time 
this troublesome weed is to be found in waste places along fence 
rows and in pastures over most of the state. 

*FLAVERIA CAMPESTRIS J. R. Johnston. This weed, ap- 
parently new to Utah, was collected in low pastures in the 
vicinity of Moab, Grand Co., September 23, 1935. 

* XIMENESIA EXAURICULATA (Robins. & Greenm.) Rydb. 
14965: Grand Co., Utah, August 13, 1934. Occurring sparingly 
as a roadside weed in vicinity of Moab, 6000 ft. Common in 
western Colorado. To be expected to spread rapidly as a road- 
side and waste place weed in Utah. 


POLYGONUM ARGYROCOLEON IN Arizona. Among many 
plants collected in southern Arizona, in the autumn of 1936, 
by Sister Noel and Sister Teresita (O. S. F.), one Polygonum 
appeared to be a “stranger” to our Flora. Mr. Howell of the 
California Academy of Sciences had given an account of Poly- 
gonum argyrocoleon Steud. two years before (Leafl. West. 
Bot. 1: 142-144,—1934), and upon examining our specimen and 
comparing it with material in the United States National Her- 
barium, it proved to belong to that species. It compared well 
with a specimen collected by Kotschy “in arena insularum 
Tigridis pr. Mossul” and named by Steudel. This material in 
the United States National Herbarium evidently belongs to the 
original collection. Mr. Howell gave us the range of this 
“emigrant” in California, and to this we are now adding 
the Arizona locality—Ivar Tidestrom, Langlois Herbarium, 
Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C. 


POLYGONUM ARGYROCOLEON IN CALIFORNIA. In the summer 
of 1935, Mr. Chester Dudley collected the Silver-sheathed Knot- 
weed on San Marcos Creek, an affluent of the Salinas River 
near San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County. This is a Califor- 
nian locality not heretofore noted.—J. T. Howell. 


12 Tidestrom, Ivar. Flora of Utah and Nevada, 621 (1925). . 


—————e 


APRIL, 1937] QUEST FOR LILIES 27 


QUEST FOR LILIES 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


The first lily encountered in our quest in 1936 was the coast 
lily (Lilium maritimum Kell.). It was abundant and in fine 
bloom the latter part of May in that fascinating area near 
Mendocino City known as the White Plains of Mendocino. 
Here Pinus contorta, Pinus muricata and Cupressus pygmea 
begin to fruit when only a few inches from the ground, never 
becoming large trees. The lovely rhodendrons were in bloom 
and the squaw-grass (Xerophyllum tenax) everywhere lifted 
its creamy white plumes from amid its grass-like leaves. Arcto- 
staphylos setosissima, the tall erect hairy-stemmed manzanita, 
was fruiting abundantly, and the low, glossy-leaved manzanita 
(Schizococcus nummularius) still retained a few flowers. Plants 
of the latter with erect stems grow side by side with those that 
are prostrate. Bunches of white flowers of Labrador tea, 
Ledum columbianum, were conspicuous amid the other shrubs. 

Lilium maritimum was described from plants found in wet 
places in the vicinity of San Francisco from which it has long 
since disappeared. About forty years ago I saw it growing in 
the Crystal Springs Lakes region and have never seen it since 
nearer than Mendocino County. While each plant usually has 
but one flower hanging from an erect stem, sometimes a plant 
with six or seven flowers may be found. The stamens and style 
are included, the reddish bells are purple-spotted within, and 
the segments of the perianth recurve but little at the tips. 

While in Oregon and Washington during June, we saw the 
typical Columbian lily (L. columbianum Hanson) in many places 
but nowhere abundant. Along the road to Mt. Hood from 
Portland it must have been protected since on that much- 
travelled highway it grew on both sides of the road. What a 
pleasure it was and what an asset to the road! All that we saw 
had yellow flowers, red-dotted, with stamens and pistil con- 
spicuously exserted. The segments of the perianth fold back 
from about the middle to the base of the flower. The number 
of flowers on a stem varies, all are pendent from ascending 
stems. 

We were especially desirous of finding L. Bolanderi Wats. 
and L. Kelloggii Purdy, so on our way home early in July we 


28 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. 11, NO. 2 


left the main coast highway near Smith River, Del Norte 
County, California. Our goal was the summit between Patrick 
and Shelley creeks, Del Norte County, California, not far from 
the Oregon boundary. Many years ago I had found both lilies 
there and in bloom. Luckily we arrived at the blooming season 
and as I had expected, found them in the vicinity of my former 
collection. 

Our specimens of L. Bolanderi agree so exactly with the 
original description by Sereno Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 
377* that they might be taken as the type. This red bell-shaped 
lily is allied to L. maritimum and is very unlike L. Kelloggi, 
which is related to L. rubescens and was described in Purdy’s 
1904 catalog, page 19, of which we have a copy. The Index 
Kewensis gives the date as 1905. Purdy’s description is as 
follows. “Lilium Kelloggii. A new lily discovered by myself 
in northern California, 3—4 ft. high, slender, 3—15 flowers. 
The flowers have closely revolute petals of a pinkish color, finely 
dotted purple, fragrance peculiar and very delicate.” The lilies 
we found did not have as many as 15 flowers, but in all other 
characteristics agree with the description. It seems incompre- 
hensible that anyone could consider L. Bolanderi and L. Kel- 
loggii the same, though Ivan M. Johnston states in Contr. Gray 
Herb. new series, no. 68, page 81, that three collections were 
on the type sheet of L. Bolanderi: one collected by Bolander 
in the Red Hills of Humboldt County, one by Rattan near 
Arcata, Humboldt County, and one by Thos. Howell near the 
Oregon boundary in Del Norte County. This last was the lily 
described by Watson. Though Bolander’s was named first and 
considered the type by Johnston, it must have been an almost 
unidentifiable specimen for Watson to include it with the plant 
which he really described and which should bear the name 
L. Bolanderi or descriptions are of no value. 

Both of these lilies may eventually be found again in the 
region of Bolander’s collecting in what is known as Red Moun- 
tain, Mendocino County, and Red Hills, Humboldt County. 


_ ® Bulb ovate, of numerous lanceolate scales 1 to 1% inches long: stems 
% to 3 feet high, 1—2-flowered: leaves mostly verticillate and approxi- 
mate, oblanceolate, acute, glaucous beneath, 1 to 2% inches long: flowers 
horizontal or somewhat nodding, “dingy purple” (Rattan) or “dark 
brownish red” (Howell) becoming somewhat paler, spotted, the segments 
1% to 1% inches long, but slightly spreading, rarely at all recurved: 
enthers 2 or 3 lines long, the ovary and style 9 or 10 linés jong. 


=e 


APRIL, 1937] QUEST FOR LILIES 29 


The region has been very little visited by botanists. In one day 
in 1905 I was able to collect three species, of which these hills 
are the type locality. Garrya buxifolia and Narthecium cali- 
fornicum are both quite common near the Del Norte-Oregon 
boundary. Eriogonum Kelloggii was the other plant, and a new 
Gormania, named G. Eastwoode Britt., was also collected. In 
Mendocino County, this mountainous area extends from Bell 
Springs on the old road north into Humboldt County. There 
are no roads and the trails are confusing. 

Along Smith River between Patrick Creek and Gasquet we 
encountered L. occidentale Purdy, or what seems to be that 
species. The bulb is shortly rhizomatous. The tall stems bore 
many flowers on long horizontally spreading pedicels, the longest 
2 dm. long. In this habit, they resembled L. Humboldtii. On 
the lower part of the stout stem the leaves are scattered, about 
the middle they become densely whorled, some whorls with 
15 leaves. The leaves are long, erect, linear, glossy, the longest 
2 dm. or more long and all only 5 mm. wide. Some younger 
plants were seen with one or two flowers. They grew in wet 
places. 

One other lily seen was what we thought to be the red- 
flowered variety of the Columbian Lily. This was found at 
two localities near the coast: the first on the Oregon Coast 
Highway near Ocean Lake, Lincoln County; the second on the 
California Redwood Highway at Patrick’s Point, Humboldt 
County. 

And so during the early summer of 1936, in the course of 
rambles extending from northern California to Washington, 
five of our lovely western lilies were seen and studied as they 
occur in the wild. 


NoLinA Parry! IN VENTURA CouNTy, CALIFORNIA. An 
extension of the range of Nolina Parryi Wats. to the northward 
is represented in the Herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences by a specimen in bud, collected April 12, 1916, by the 
writer. It grew along the road leading up Santa Ana Creek, a 
tributary of the Ventura River.—Alice Eastwood. 


30 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. II, NO. 2 


NOTES ON CAREX—IX 
BY J. W. STACEY 


A rather strange confusion has occurred in the Carices of 
the section Macrocephale. Mackenzie (N. Amer. FI. 18:83,— 
1931) gives only one species, C. macrocephala Willd., stating 
that the North American plant was the same as the Asiatic one. 
Fernald (Rhodora 32:9-11,—1930) treated the North Ameri- 
can plant as C. anthericoides Presl and the Asiatic one as 
C. macrocephala Willd., pointing out certain very obvious differ- 
ences. The writer (Leafl. West. Bot. 1:210,—1936) agreed 
with Fernald, chiefly on account of the fact that the so-called 
C. macrocephala Willd., introduced into New Jersey, was greatly 
different from the plant growing in northwestern America along 
the coast. 

It remained for a Japanese botanist, Jisaburo Ohwi, of the 
Kyoto Imperial University, to solve the problem (Mem. Coll. 
Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. ser. B, 5: 281,—1930; 11:249,—1936). 
He found that there were two species along the coast of Japan, 
C. macrocephala Willd., and another, which was named C. Kobo- 
mugi Ohwi. Immediately on receipt of his descriptions, we 
wrote to Prof. Ohwi, and he very kindly sent us sheets of both 
species, and wrote that C. macrocephala is distributed from 
Hokkaido (Yezo) northward, while C. Kobomugi grows in the 
southwestern coast of Hokkaido (Yezo), Korea, Hondo and 
southward. The sheets from the southern part of his territory 


exactly matched the introduced plants in New Jersey, while the © 


sheets from the northern part of his territory matched the plants 
growing in northwestern America. 

Mackenzie evidently had never seen the introduced plants 
from New Jersey, but probably had seen plants collected in the 
northern part of the Asiatic territory, but none from the 
southern part. Fernald had seen the plants from New Jersey, 
and was entirely right in differentiating them from our Pacific 
Coast plants, clearly pointing out all of the essential differences. 

The result is that our western plants retain the name of 
C. macrocephala Willd., the plants introduced into New Jersey 
become C. Kobomugi Ohwi, and C. anthericoides Pres] becomes 
a synonym of C. macrocephala Willd. 


ll = 


te i te 


Sa 


APRIL, 1937] NOTES ON CAREX 31 


Mackenzie in December, 1931, described a new species from 
Mexico, Carex autumnalis. Jisaburo Ohwi in July, 1930, used 
this name, C. autumnalis, for a Japanese plant. A new name 
is here proposed for the Mexican species based on the name of 
the town at which the type was collected, Flor de Maria, State 
of Mexico, Mexico. 

Carex marianensis Stacey, nom. nov. Carex autumnalis 
Mackenzie, N. Amer. Fl. 18:66 (1931); not C. autumnalis 
Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imper. Univ. ser. B, 5:251 
(1930). “C. densa L. H. Bailey” Kikenth. in Englar, Pflanzen- 
reich IV. 20: 167 (1909) as to Mexican specimens. 

7 ri 7 

Three new records for the State of Washington follow: 

Carex multicostata Mackenzie, collected at Indian Corral 
Spring, Columbia County, by H. T. Darlington, No. 65, in the 
herbarium of the State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash- 
ington. Heretofore this species has not been detected from 
farther north than the Wallowa Mts., in Oregon. 

Carex tenera Dewey, collected at Tucanon River, Columbia 
County, by H. T. Darlington, No. 103, also in the herbarium 
of the State College of Washington. This sheet was labeled 
C. tenereformis Mackenzie, and then annotated C. microptera 
Mackenzie. Prior to this collection the nearest known station 
was that of Big Fork, Montana. 

Carex Vahlii Schkuhr,* collected at Mutton Creek, northwest 
of Salmon Meadows, Okanogan County, by Charles B. Fiker, 
No. 352, in the herbarium of J. William Thompson of Seattle. 


THE Dyer’s Woap IN CALIFoRNIA. Leaving the main high- 
way at Yreka, Siskiyou County, an inviting road winds in a 
southwesterly direction over a high ridge to the quaint towns 
of Fort Jones and Etna. As one approaches Fort Jones, which 
occupies a central point in beautiful Scott Valley, large open 
fields are traversed and there on May 20, 1936, it was our 
pleasure to become acquainted with /satis tinctoria L. in glorious 
association with Lupinus albifrons Benth. While not on so vast 
a scale as the blue and gold Arvin fields of Kern County, the 
yellow and blue mass effect was equally lovely. 


* According to V. Kreczetowicz (Fl. U. R. S. S. 3:183.—1935), this name 
is antedated by Carex norvegica Retz. (Fl. Scand. Prodr. 179,—1779). As 
Carex norvegica Willd. is consequently invalidated, it is renamed Carex 
all V. Krecz. If this is correct, O. Vahliti Schkuhr becomes C. nor- 
vegica Retz. 


32 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO, 2 


Isatis tinctoria is a European member of the Mustard Family 
and it would be interesting to know how it became naturalized 
in this remote Siskiyou valley, where from the farmers’ view- 
point it is a troublesome weed and when cut down persistently 
springs up again from the root. It is commonly called Dyer’s 
Woad and according to L. H. Bailey, “Cesar relates that the 
ancient Britons used the woad for staining their bodies and 
the word Britain itself comes from an old Celtic word meaning 
painted. Before indigo became common in Europe, the Dyer’s 
Woad produced the chief blue coloring matter for woolen cloth. 
The introduction of indigo in the seventeenth century destroyed 
this important industry, not without opposition.” We should 
be thankful, however, that Jsatis tinctoria has not been de- 
stroyed, despite opposition, for even if it is a weed, it can be a 
thing of beauty —E. Dales Cantelow. 


After sending a packet of buhach to Dr. Gustavus A. Eisen, 
eminent Swedish-American scientist now living in New York 
City, the following note was received regarding this insectifugal 
powder. : 

“This morning came the can with buhach for which I thank 
you most sincerely... . I have always been interested in the 
buhach. I knew intimately Mr. Mico, a Dalmatian, who brought 
over the seed. I saw the plantation at Merced from the very 
beginning and I grew some myself at Fresno.* Mr. Mico 
invented the name which he patented ; it was from the Slavonian 
word buhah, meaning flea. A teaspoon of the powder, if touched 
with a match, will glow and in five minutes every mosquito and 
fly in the room is dead. During my trips to Mexico and Central 
America, I always carried with me a large supply of buhach. 
In those countries you can never go to a theater unless you 
sprinkle your stockings inside and out with buhach. The fleas 
would kill you. In Guatemala every person, I was told and I 
found it to be true, had never less than seven fleas on him... .” 

* The plantation of which Dr. Hisen writes was probably not at Merced 
but was undoubtedly on what was known as the Buhach Ranch, about 
five miles northwest of Merced on the line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. 
Although the ranch has now been subdivided, the district is known as 
“the Buhach,’”’ and on the U. S. G. S. quadrangle ‘‘Atwater,’’ the place 
name Buhach is to be found on the railroad about 1% miles southeast of 


Atwater. The plant from which buhach is obtained is Chrysanthemum 
cinerariefolium Vis.—J. T. Howell. 


Vot. Il No. 3 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


A Provisional Key to the Species of Downingia Known in 
California BP SH aah la} Sa, SM) RY A a nad 
Rosert F. Hoover 


: Meropecies Of Dodecatheon ....° 0. 6.) ee 86 
ALice Eastwoop 

¥ 

7 NI TEED. CER ae eRe aS PORN SPERTES RB LK 
J. W. Stacey 

‘ Zygadenus fontanus, a New Species from Mt. Tamalpais . 41 
i Auice Eastwoop 

. nnmNatatinan Piirits | 0 i gr a oe a ene 


Joun THomas Howe. 


Further Studies in Eriogonum—I.. . .-. . . . 45 
SusAN G. STOKES 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Aucust 26, 1937 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bort. 


PAUL) BSUS RU Ue a IU A 


eee ee ee ee ee UE MAT MU HC EGR SUA! 011° 


Owned and published by 


Axice Eastwoop and JOHN THomMaAs HOWELL 


SOTANICAL 


AUGUST, 1937] KEY TO SPECIES OF DOWNINGIA “~~? | 33 


A PROVISIONAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF 
DOWNINGIA KNOWN IN CALIFORNIA 


BY ROBERT F, HOOVER 


Most of the Californian species of Downingia were first 
recognized and named as natural entities by Greene, but it was 
not until Jepson published his revision of the Californian species 
in 1923 (Madrofio 1:98—102) that they were distinguished 
by the use of adequate key-characters. The key to the species 
in that revision is quite satisfactory for the species included, 
but since that time a number of additional species have been made 
known from California, including two described by the present 
writer. The following key is intended to place these species 
according to their distinctive characters and apparent relation- 
ships. The writer wishes to express his gratitude to Professor 
Jepson for helpful criticisms and suggestions in connection with 
this key. 

It was the writer’s intention to include all species of the 
genus, but in many instances no specimens or even adequate 
descriptions of the extra-Californian species are available, so 
that the larger project is for the present impractical. It is much 
to be desired that all collectors of these plants study the fresh 
flowers, making notes in regard to the sort of characters used 
in this key. Certain specimens from various localities in Cali- 
fornia appear to represent undescribed species, but the distinctive 
characters are obscured in drying. 

It is notable that species which are closely related to one 
another occupy distinct geographical areas. Thus D. pulchella 
occurs in the Coast Ranges and Sacramento Valley northward 
to Oregon, D. immaculata in Southern California, and D. pallida 
in the Sierra foothills. Dowmningia concolor is mainly a Coast 
Range plant, occurring locally in Southern California and on 
the west side of the lower Sacramento Valley, while the appar- 
ently related D. bella is restricted to the San Joaquin Valley. 
Downingia ornatissima, D. montana, and D. mirabilis form 
a closely related group, but each species has developed in a 
different area: D. montana mainly at middle altitudes in the 
Sierra Nevada, reaching the upper Sacramento Valley in Shasta 
County; D. ornatissima in the Sacramento Valley from Butte 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 33-48, August 26, 1937. 


34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. I, NO. 3 


County southward to the lower San Joaquin Valley; and 
D. mirabilis mainly to the south of D. ornatissima. Downingia 
humilis is confined to central California from near the coast 
to the border of the Sierra foothills, while D. leta is known 
only east of the Sierra Nevada. Such geographical distinctions 
are often useful in combination with morphologic characters. 


CoROLLA MUCH EXCEEDING CALYX 


Lower lip not forming a sharp angle with corolla-tube; anther-tube 
PECHEV EU 2A et est uke aed eerie aco D. elegans (Lindl.) Torr. 
Lower lip forming a sharp angle with corolla-tube; anther-tube not 
recurved (except rarely in D. ornatissima). 
Sinuses between upper and lower corolla-lips not extending below 
plane of lower lip. 
Calyx-lobes shorter than corolla-tube; leaves less than 5 mm. 


Depress eae re eee a 2 aie a D. cuspidata Greene 
Calyx-lobes equalling corolla-tube; leaves mostly more than 
5 mm. long. 


Calyx-lobes rotate in flower and fruit; lower corolla-lip 
with 3 purple spots at base; anther-tube long- 
EXSEREEC aes conan eet D. pulchella (Lindl.) Torr. 

Calyx-lobes ascending, at least in flower; lower corolla-lip 
without purple spots at base; anther-tube not or 
scarcely exserted. 

Corolla about 1.5—2 cm. broad, bright blue; upper lip 
with large divergent lobes, equalling lower 
iF coh taeda D. immaculata Munz & Johnston 

Corolla less than 1.5 cm. broad, very pale blue; upper 
lip with subparallel lobes, only half as long as 
jo) gal bp eae maa tT Oe D. pallida Hoover 


Sinuses between upper and lower corolla-lips extending more or 
less below plane of lower lip. 


Sinuses straight and parallel to axis of tube, extending a short 
distance below plane of lower lip. 


Stems spreading, stout and fistulous; corolla deep blue, 
lower lip with central yellow spot......D. bella Hoover 


Stems not fistulous, stiffly erect or, if spreading, very 
slender ; corolla “light blue,” lower lip with central 
purple spot but no yellow.............. D. concolor Greene 


Sinuses curved, extending well below plane of lower lip. 


Calyx-lobes usually rotate; sinuses between corolla-lips 
oblique to axis of tube, curved under base of lower 
lip; projections at base of lower lip dark purple, 
nipple-like; pair of bristles at apex of anther-tube 
BU ISLER LOR EUNEE ihc cscsamtepceeesct ts D., bicornuta Gray 


AUGUST, 1937] KEY TO SPECIES OF DOWNINGIA 35 


Calyx-lobes ascending; sinuses between corolla-lips curved 
first toward lower lip, then at end toward upper 
lip; projections at base of lower lip not dark 
purple; lobes of upper lip linear; pair of bristles 
at apex of anther-tube when present not twisted 
together. 

Leaves narrowly linear, strictly entire; calyx-lobes 
unequal; lobes of upper corolla-lip parallel, 
extending in same plane as lower lip................ 
gh Yc Dh, thle te nhac ERs atild D. montana Greene 

Leaves mostly oblong, the larger dentate to crenate; 
calyx-lobes nearly equal; lobes of upper 
corolla-lip oppositely divergent, or if parallel 
appressed to each other by the flat surfaces. 

Lower corolla-lip concave, the projections at base 
nipple-like; corolla-tube without a fold at 
base of sinus between lobes of upper lip; 
tips of lobes of upper lip not rolled.............. 
NEE Sh Ne Ee D. mirabilis J. T. Howell 

Lower corolla-lip plane, the projections at base not 
nipple-like; corolla-tube with a project- 
ing fold at base of sinus between lobes of 
upper lip; tips of lobes of upper lip each 
rolled into a ring or sometimes simply 
PeCUIVEE ob gn giet D. ornatissima Greene 


CoroLLA NoT ExcEEDING CALYX 
Plants less than 5 cm. tall, the larger with numerous branches; leaves 


ibaa nea a File aA MOE ta ses MELE D. humilis Greene 
Plants over 5 cm. tall, the stems solitary and simple; leaves mostly 
SS EET SOL Ee eee SU DY aR ean) ee D. leta Greene* 


PUBLISHED SPECIES ExcLUDED From Key 

D. insignis Greene. No character was found by which this 
might be distinguished from D. elegans. 

D. tricolor Greene is apparently not distinguishable from 
D. concolor. 

D. sikota Applegate apparently differs from D. bicornuta 
only in having the lobes of the upper corolla-lip longer and more 
divergent. From my observations D. bicornuta seems to be the 
most variable species of the genus. Perhaps D. stkota should 
be made a variety of that species. 


* Downingia leta Greene, apparently unreported in the California flora 
before this, is included in this key to the Californian species on the basis 
of a collection which was determined by me and then filed away so carefully 
as to elude later detection. This collection, which was not seen by Dr. 
Hoover, was given to the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. by Mr. Gordon H. True, his 
No. 518, collected June 25, 1936, near Standish, Honey Lake Valley, Lassen 
County. The occurrence of this species in northeastern California is rather 
to be expected since it is known from eastern Oregon and northern Nevada,— 
John Thomas Howell. 


36 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


NEW SPECIES OF DODECATHEON 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Dodecatheon glandulosum Eastwood, spec. nov. Glanduloso-puberu- 
lens, czspitosum, basi vestitum foliis brunneis marcescentibus; radicibus 
densis carnosis ex caudice breve; foliis oblanceolatis, 3—6 cm. longis, 
5—15 mm. latis, acutis obtusisve, integris, in petiolum coarctatis; scapo 
folios superante, 6—12 cm. alto; umbella pauciflora, floribus 4-meris, brac- 
teis lanceolatis, acuminatis, 1 cm. longis; tubo staminum ca. 1 mm. longo, 
antheris obtusis, 6 mm. longis, purpureo-sulcatis ; capsula sepalis breviore, 
apice dehiscente, stylo antheras superante, infra glanduloso. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 40897, collected by the 
author, July, 1904, in Desolation Valley, Lake Tahoe region, 
California. Another specimen in the herbarium was collected 
by Mr. S. L. Berry, July 10, 1902. Other specimens from the 
same region are as follows: above Grass Lake, Dr. E. C. Van 
Dyke, July 4, 1915; Gilmour Lake, Eastwood, July, 1904. 


It belongs to the section Etubulosa Pax & Knuth? and seems 
most closely related to D. Jeffreyi Van Houtte. It is much 
smaller in every way and could never be confused with that 
robust species. The stamen-tube is below the corolla in the 
D. Jeffreyi group while in this the short tube is visible above the 
corolla. 


Dodecatheon Jeffreyi Van Houtte var. odoratum East- 
wood, var. nov.? Dodecatheon Jeffreyi was beautifully illustrated 
in Van Houtte, Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe, v. 16, 
t. 1662. It is a robust plant with 4-merous flowers and the 
staminal tube below the corolla. Dr. H. M. Hall in Bot. Gaz. 
31: 392 described a strongly scented variety growing in wet 
meadows or along streams in the Sierra Nevada which he named 
var. redolens. In this the flowers are 5-merous, but in general 
appearance it resembles the type. 


Enid Michaels has collected specimens in Peregoy Meadow, 
Yosemite region, which seem intermediate between these two. 
The flowers are 4-merous like the type but they give off the most 
delicious fragrance. They grow in drier places than the common 


1 Das Pflanzenreich IV, 237. 
2 Dodecatheon Jeffreyi Van Houtte var. odoratum Eastwood, var. nov. 
Flores 4-meri, odorati, annulo flavo, Superiore margine porphyro-marginato. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 243409, collected by Enid Michaels in 
Peregoy Meadow, Yosemite region, California, July 4, 1937. 


AUGUST, 1937] | NEW SPECIES OF DODECATHEON 37 


variety. The leaves are oblanceolate, acute, ca. 1 mm. wide, much 
surpassed by the long scapes which are over 3 dm. high. The 
flowers are violet-rose with stellately spreading petals, the ring 
at base bright yellow somewhat raised and edged along the top 
with a narrow red-brown rim. 

Dodecatheon subalpinum Eastwood, spec. nov. Glabrum, cespitosum 
ex radicibus densis, fibrosis et tuberiferis; foliis oblanceolatis, obtusis, 
integris, in petiolum coarctatis, ca. 4—7 cm. longis, 3—12 mm. latis; scapo 
4—10 cm. alto, folios superante; umbella 1—3-flora, floribus nutantibus, 
5-meris, bracteis membranaceis, lanceolatis acuminatis; calyce 3—5 mm. 
longo, lobis acuminatis; corolla phcenicea, marcescente, pallida, lobis 5—7 
mm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis, acuminatis ; tubo staminum 4 mm. longo, papil- 
loso, purpureo; antheris zquilongis obtusis flavescentibus, connectiva 
obscura ; stigmate subclavato antheras superante ; capsula 6—10 mm. longa, 
erecta, circumcissa, calycem superante 4—5 mm. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 159999 (flower), collected 
July 7, 1928, by Mrs. Charles Derby on Silliman Crest, 10,000 ft., 
Sequoia National Park, Tulare County, California. Specimens 
seemingly the same species have been taken as the type of the 
fruit, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 40781. They were collected 
by the author on the trail to the Monarch Mine, near Mineral 
King, Tulare County, July 21, 1903. It was a subalpine region, 
where, among other alpine species, were Primula suffrutescens, 
Penstemon Davidsoni, and Epilobium obcordatum. 


This may be the same as D. Hendersoni Gray var. yosenuti- 
anum Mason (Madrofio 1: 187) which it resembles in the small 
tubers among the roots and the rather long staminal tube. It 
belongs to the section Purpureo-tubulosa Knuth. 


Dodecatheon zionense Eastwood, spec. nov. Rhizoma breve, crassum, 
foliis ellipticis vel spatulatis, obtusis, integris, in petiolum latum coarctatis, 
ca. 2 dm. longis, 5 cm. latis, petiolis laminis brevioribus; scapo 3—4 dm. 
alto, folios superante; umbella ca. 10-flora, pedicellis gracilibus, strictis, 
1—4 cm. longis, minute pulverulentibus, bracteis lanceolatis, attenuatis ; 
calyce campanulato, 5 mm. longo, venoso, segmentis deltoideis, acuminatis, 
4 mm. longis; corolla purpurascente, segmentis oblongo-linearibus, obtusis, 
ca. 1 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis ; tubo staminum breve, aurantiaco; antheris 
obtusis, 1 cm. longis, connectiva ovata, rugulosa; capsula calyce longiore, 
apice dehiscente et purpurascente. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 232003, collected July 25, 
1933, in Zion Canyon, Utah, by Alice Eastwood and John 
Thomas Howell (No. 1144). This large-leaved species, with the 


38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


scape and umbel surpassing the leaves, grew on the wet cliffs up 
the canyon where the beautiful variable columbines, ferns, and 
other plants formed an arch of loveliness on the side of the cliff 
out of which water oozed from the clefts in the rocks. It belongs 
in the section Etubulosa Pax & Knuth. The description of the 
flowers is drawn from withered flowers that persisted on the 
ripe fruit. 


New Locatitiges In North AMERICA FOR SPH#ROPHYSA 
SALsuLA (Patu.) DC. My attention was called to this intro- 
duced plant by the article in Torreya, March and April of this 
year, in which E. J. Alexander gave two localities, one in Colo- 
rado and one in Utah, and a general description of the species. 

In 1936, June 28th, it was collected by Eastwood and Howell 
(No. 3510) two miles north of Hermiston, Umatilla County, 
Oregon. Tentatively it was recorded in the note book as an 
Astragalus but it had an alien look about it that caused it to be 
set aside for future investigation. It was a conspicuous plant 
with salmon-colored flowers and papery inflated pods. 

Under unnamed Astragalus another collection was brought 
to light. This was collected by Susan Delano McKelvey, May 21, 
1934 (No. 4565), between Winslow and Holbrook, Navajo 
County, Arizona. Mrs. McKelvey reported the flowers as coral- 
color turning bluish as they fade and the plant making a showy 
mass. Mr. Alexander gives the color as orange and DeCandolle 
reports the flowers as “ruberrimi” and a related species with the 
flowers “‘sordide diluteque purpurei.” Ideas of color vary with 
different individuals and perhaps the flowers do vary in color. 
The only real difference lies in the style: Spherophysa has a 
bearded style and Astragalus, a style without a beard. 

Taubert in Engler and Prantl Pflanzenfamilien includes 
Spherophysa in Swainsona. Three specimens are in the her- 
barium of the California Academy of Sciences from other lands, 
two from Asia Media and one from “Songaria chin. ad lacum 
Saisang-Nor’’ (ex Herb. Acad. Petrop.). 

Still further North American localities for this recently 
identified species may be hidden in herbaria under unknown 
Astragalus.—Alice Eastwood. 


AUGUST, 1937] NOTES ON CAREX 39 


NOTES ON CAREX—X 


BY J. W. STACEY 


Carex Sartwelliana Olney (C. yosemitana L. H. Bailey), 
endemic in California, has for some time presented some prob- 
lems in differentiation, and with a study of material from three 
herbaria, it has been found that two distinct species have been 
distributed under this name as the species had been interpreted 
by Mackenzie. Carex Sartwelliana Olney was described from 
two collections from the Yosemite Valley, collections of Brewer 
and of Bolander, from an altitude of about 6000 feet. The 
proposed segregate grows at a higher altitude, at about 10,000 
feet, always, as far as known, at or above timberline. As this 
plant has already been named C. Congdonu by L. H. Bailey 
(Bot. Gaz. 21:6,—1896), this name will have to be adopted, 
although the description is very meager, and misses the principal 
characteristic difference. Carex Congdoni is a taller and stouter 
plant than C. Sartwelliana, with a thicker and more purplish 
base, and has a much different aspect, so much so that Mr. 
Frank W. Peirson of Pasadena, who is a very discriminating 
collector, called our attention to it two years ago, but at that 
time enough material was not available for comparison. The 
following key points out the obvious differences: 

Culms phyllopodic, or very slightly aphyllopodic; leaves softly pubes- 

cent; perigynia broadly obovoid, abruptly beaked, 2.5—3.5 mm. 


long; staminate scales prominently white-ciliate; achenes broadly 
SO rh OE UP es oS LC Say ees a CEs TOM FRE C. Sartwelliana 


Culms very strongly aphyllopodic; leaves glabrate or puberulent; peri- 
gynia of the lance-ovoid type, tapering into the beak, 3.5—4 mm. 
long; staminate scales not prominently white-ciliate; achenes 
Les CoM” fe ea Fes ed See ENE oy ERA Re AACR EM ee IRD Ae C. Congdonit 


The great difference in the two species is in the degree of 
phyllopody. This, together with the differences in the leaves, 
the scales, the perigynia, and the achenes, would seem to pre- 
clude a mere varietal distinction. Besides, if one was a variety 
of the other, it would be natural for the coarser variety to be 
at the lower altitude and the more slender one at the higher, 
but the converse is true. As an adequate description of C. Cong- 
donii has not been written, we are giving one that will perhaps 
serve the purpose of differentiating it from C. Sartwelliana. 


40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


Carex Concponi L. H. Bailey. Cespitose from stout rootstocks; the 
culms stout, 4—9 dm. high, very strongly aphyllopodic, from little to 
much-exceeding the leaves, strongly purplish-red at tht base; leaves 
glabrate or puberulent, the blades light green, 1—4 dm. long, 3—8 mm. 
wide, roughened toward the attenuate apex; terminal spike staminate, 
with a few perigynia, androgynous, or sometimes even gynzcandrous, 
short-peduncled, rarely with a smaller spike below, linear to clavate or 
ovoid, 1.5—3.5 cm. long, 3—8 mm. wide, the scales narrowly oblong or 
lanceolate, not conspicuously ciliate, acute or obtusish, purplish-brown 
with lighter center; pistillate spikes 3 or 4, approximate or somewhat 
separate, erect, sessile, or somewhat peduncled, cylindric, 1.5—5 cm. long, 
4.5—7 mm. wide, lowest bract leaf-like, lightly sheathing, from shorter 
to longer than the inflorescence; scales ovate, appressed-hairy, awned, 
mucronate or acute, purplish-brown with white hyaline margins, and 
lighter 3-nerved center, narrower than the perigynia; perigynia 3.5—4 mm. 
long, 1.25—1.75 mm. wide, shortly white-pilose, the body lance-ovoid or 
oblanceolate, short-stipitate, tapering into the beak; achenes elliptic, 2 mm. 
long, 1—1.25 mm. wide, yellowish, substipitate, short-apiculate; stigmas 
reddish-brown, slender. 

A list of exsiccate of the two species follows. The abbrevi- 
ations used are: (CA) California Academy of Sciences, San 
Francisco; (DS) Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University ; 
and (UC) University of California, Berkeley. 


CarEx Coneponir L. H. Bailey. Tulare Co.: Sawtooth 
Peak, Hall & Babcock No. 5687 (UC), Dudley No. 1616, 1617 
(DS); Alta Peak, Dudley No. 1533 (DS); Mt. Silliman, 
Dudley No. 1504 (DS) ; head of Middle Kaweah River, Dudley 
No. 1261 (DS). Inyo Co.: Rock Creek Lake Basin, Peirson 
No. 9106 (UC), 10835 (CA), 11396 (CA). Mariposa Co.: 
Mt. Buena Vista, Congdon in 1895 (DS). Tuolumne Co.: trail 
from Lundy to Tioga, Congdon in 1894 (UC); Mt. Dana, 
C. W. Sharsmith No. 2364 (CA); Cathedral Creek, Hall 
No. 11906 (UC). 


CAREX SARTWELLIANA Olney. Riverside Co.: Mt. San 
Jacinto, Parish in 1892 (DS) ; Idyllwild, Wilder No. 918 (UC) ; 
twenty miles north of Idyllwild, M. E. Jones in 1926 (CA). 
Tulare Co.: Oriole Lake, Dudley in 1900 (DS). Mariposa Co.: 
Big Oak Flat Road, Congdon in 1896 (UC), Congdon in 1897 
(UC); Yosemite, Brewer No. 1636 (DS, UC); Yosemite 
Big Trees, Bolander No. 6221 (DS, UC), Congdon in 1895 
(DS, UC). Tuolumne Co.: Tuolumne Meadows, Dudley in 
1901 (DS). 


AUGUST, 1937] ZYGADENUS FONTANUS 41 


ZYGADENUS FONTANUS,? A NEW SPECIES 
FROM MT. TAMALPAIS 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


This has been known to the author for many years. It 
grows in springy places on Mt. Tamalpais especially on the 
south side amid the azaleas and blooms some time after the 
common early spring species, Z. Fremontt, is in fruit. Near 
Rock Spring it flourishes along the rivulet fed by the spring 
and is also to be found in the marshy area in the Potrero. 

It has a large bulb 4 cm. in diameter with the outer coat 
chestnut-brown. The basal leaves are long, often surpassing 
the flowering stems, the largest about 2 cm. wide. The plants 
grow to a height of 8 dm. (almost 3 ft.) and the stems of the 
larger plants have a diameter of 15 mm. The horizontally 
spreading flowering branches begin about the middle of the 
scape, the terminal much longer than the laterals. The white 
star-shaped flowers are on spreading pedicels that become hori- 
zontal in fruit. The perianth is about 1 cm. broad with the seg- 
ments cordate at base and marked within by a yellow gland 
serrate along the truncate apex above the short claw. The cap- 
sules are about 12 mm. long with the perianth persisting. 

In the second volume of the Botany of California Geol. 
Surv. p. 183, at the end of the description of Z. venenosus 
Watson, reference is made to a plant collected in Sonoma 
County by Bolander, who stated that the bulbs were eagerly 
eaten by hogs and to the farmers of the region it was known 
as “Hogs’ Potato.” Zygadenus venenosus is especially common 
in the upper meadows of the Sierra Nevada. On account of the 
poisonous qualities of its bulb from which its specific name 
arises, it is generally called “Death Camass.” The quality of 
the bulb of Z. fontanus is not known but it seems probable that 
Bolander’s “Hogs’ Potato” may be the same. Specimens agree- 

1 Zygadenus fontanus Eastwood, spec. nov. Bulbus rotundus, 3—4 cm. 
diametro, exteriore castaneus. Scapus 5—10 dm. altus, robustus, glaber, 
medio divaricate paniculatus; foliis radicalibus scapos superantibus, 1—2 
em, latis, ramis panicule horizontali-divaricatis, bracteis longis lineari- 
attenuatis; floribus albis, 1 cm. diametro, pedicellis horizontali-divaricatis, 
bracteolis parvis; perianthii segmentis ovatis, obtusis, basi cordatis et 
unguiculatis, glandibus flavis, apice dentatis et truncatis; capsulis circa 
2 cm. longis, perianthiis marcescentibus. 

Type: No. 241860, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by John Thomas 


Howell, No. 12656, in springy places on serpentine near Bootjack on the 
south side of Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County, California, June 7, 1936. 


42 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


ing with the original description of Z. venenosus are in the 
herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences from the 
Santa Lucia Mountains in Monterey County. These mountains 
may be the region where Douglas made his collection, which is 
the type of Z. venenosus. 

Zygadenus fontanus comes nearest to Z. micranthus East- 
wood, of which it might be regarded as a gigantic subspecies. 
The horizontally spreading peduncles and pedicels are similar, 
but in flowers, leaves, height, etc., it is very much larger. 
Zygadenus micranthus is more frequently simply racemose than 
paniculate. Zygadenus fontanus likes springy places in the ser- 
pentine areas. It grows in a similar environment at Tiburon 
and on higher ground in the Big Carson mountainous region of 
Marin County. 


NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Eriogonum vestitum J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annuum, erectum, 
1—4 dm. altum, albo tomento omnino vestitum; caulibus teretibus fere 
simplicibus ex basi, di- vel tri-chotome ramosis superne, ramis ascendenti- 
bus; foliis alternantibus basi, verticillatis ad nodos inferiores, superne 
reductis ad bracteas subulato-triangulares, foliis inferioribus ellipticis, 1—3 
cm. longis, 0.5—1.5 cm. latis, obtusis acutisve, cuneatis basi, petiolis usque 
ad 3.5 cm. longis, margine integris vel undulato-crispis; pedicellis paullo 
crassis, erectis, usque ad 6 cm. longis; involucris campanulatis, 2 mm. 
longis, 5-lobatis, sinibus inter lobos parvos prope completis membrana 
scariosa; bracteolis tenuissimis, papillas divaricatas pinnate ferentibus; 
segmentis perianthii albis vel carneis, subsimilibus, 1.5 mm. longis, paullo 
accrescentibus post anthesin, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis, externe dense et 
tenuissime papillosis, margine integris et paullo incurvis; filamentis pubes- 
centibus basi; achenio opaco, 2.5 mm. longo, rostro tenuissime papilloso 
et perianthio cincto zquilongo vel rostro paullo longiore. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 243299, taken from a talus 
of disintegrating shale, 4 miles from Idria on road to Panoche, 
San Benito County, May 3, 1937, Eastwood & Howell No. 4295. 
The species was also collected the same day in a less densely 


tomentose form on Griswold Creek southeast of Panoche, 
Eastwood & Howell No. 4276. 


Eriogonum vestitum would seem to be a distinct addition to 
the subgenus Ganysma and appears to be most nearly related to 


AUGUST, 1937] NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 43 


E. argillosum J. T. Howell which also inhabits the dry inner 
South Coast Ranges. Not only in general aspect are the two 
readily separable (EZ. vestitum being clothed throughout with a 
persistent generally thick white tomentum and E. argillosum 
being glabrous throughout or early glabrescent except for the 
thin persistent tomentum on the lower side of the leaves), but 
they are distinct in important details of the involucre and flower. 
In E. argillosum the inner wall of the involucre bears long tomen- 
tose hairs and in E. vestitum the inner involucral walls are 
glabrous. In &. argillosum the bractlets within the involucre 
bear long tangled hairs (chiefly near the base) as well as short 
stout papillz of the kind which alone are found along the bract- 
lets of E. vestitum. The perianth-segments of £. argillosum tend 
to be broadest above the middle while those of E. vestitwm are 
broadest near or below the middle, and the perianth of the former, 
although cellular in texture and sometimes papillate near the 
base, lacks the conspicuous papillate protuberances which every- 
where cover the outer surface of the perianth of the latter. 

Ceanothus gloriosus J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Frutex prostratus etiam 
ad apices ramulorum, caulibus radicantibus subter, ramulis et pedunculis 
magis minusve sericeo-tomentulis; foliis viridulo-olivaceis supra, griseo- 
viridulis et areolato-tomentulis infra, planis vel paullum plicatis in longi- 
tudinem, late oblongis usque ad suborbicularibus, late cuneatis basi, 
subtruncatis vel emarginatis apice, usque ad 4.5 cm. longis et 3.5 cm. latis, 
conspicue pinnato-nervosis infra, margine zqualiter dentatis, dentibus 
15—30, rigidis et spinescentibus, petiolo brevi, stipulis maximis usque ad 
3.5 mm. longis, suberosis, primo ferrugineis; floribus minimis cyaneis in 
corymbo magno et denso secundum ramos compositis vel corymbis paucis 
et apicibus ramorum subcapitatis, floribus plerumque ultra 20 in corymbum, 
6 mm. latis; capsulis subglobosis, 4—5 mm. latis, 3—4 mm. altis, cornibus 
subapicalibus, erectis vel divergentibus, paullum rugulosis, 1—2 mm. longis, 
cristis mediis obsoletis vel obscuris et rugosis in suturis inter lobos humilis 
capsule; seminibus oblongis vel ellipticis, 2—3 mm. longis, nigris, 
nitentibus. 

Types are from Anchor Bay, Mendocino County: that for 
flower, Moffitt & Orr, Apr. 4, 1937, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 242192; that for fruit, Eastwood & Howell No. 4493, 
May 31, 1937, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 246064. Specimens 
have also been seen from Sonoma County (8 miles south of 
Stewart’s Point, J. T. Howell No. 11742) and from Marin County 
(Point Reyes Peninsula, Eastwood & Howell No. 2123, the type 


44 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. i, NOs 


locality of C. rigidus Nutt. var. grandtfolius Torr.,* the varietal 
epithet which has been variously combined to designate our 
plant). 

Two forms of C. gloriosus are to be distinguished: the one 
here regarded as the type of the species, prostrate to the very 
tips of the stems, which is found on coastal slopes and mesas in 
the immediate vicinity of the sea from Marin County to Mendo- 
cino County; the other an erect variant, with widely spreading 
virgate fastigiate-divaricate branches, which is found back from 
the coast in brush and chaparral of hills and valleys. The striking 
habital difference between these two plants is here given nomen- 
clatorial recognition. 

Ceanothus gloriosus J. T. Howell var. exaltatus J. T. Howell, var. 
noy. Frutex erectus circa 2 m. altus, subrigide multiramosus, ramis ultimis 


elongatis virgatis fastigiato-divaricatis, cortice fusco vel cinerascenti, inflo- 
rescentiis virgato-racemosis, 2—3 dm. longis. 


The types were collected along an arroyo in the Vine Hill 
district north of Sebastopol and about 10 miles west of Santa 
Rosa, Sonoma County, where the shrubs grow in sandy clay soil: 
J. T. Howell No. 5781 (flowering type, Mar. 14, 1931, Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 194493) and J. T. Howell No. 6694 (fruit- 
ing type, June 15, 1931, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 194481). 
Other collections have been seen from Marin County (Bolinas 
Ridge, Eastwood No. 3476), Sonoma County (near Sebastopol, 
J.T. Howell No. 6692 ; Vine Hill district, M. S. Baker No. 5236, 
J. T. Howell No. 6693), and Mendocino County (5 miles east 
of Fish Rock, James Moffitt; Mendocino City, Eastwood No. 
11411; Mendocino barrens, Charlotte Hoak). It seems likely 
that C. gloriosus var. exaltatus occurs in the Santa Rosa and 
Mt. Hood ranges (cf. M. S. Baker’s transplant from Los Guilicos 
Valley) ; but all specimens which have been seen from south 
and east of Santa Rosa which approach C. gloriosus appear 
to be variants between C. gloriosus, C. divergens Parry, and 
C. cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. that have perhaps originated through 
hybridization. 

* Ceanothus rigidus Nutt. in T. & G. var. grandifolius Torr., Pac. RR. 
Rep. 4:75 (1857) ; Trelease, Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 1:417 (1897) ; McMinn, Contrib. 
Dudley Herb. 1:145 (1930). C. crassifolius Wats., not Torr., in part, 
Bibliog. Ind. 164 (1878). OC. verrucosus Nutt. in T. & G. var. grandifolius 
(Torr.) K. Brandg., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 4:207 (1894). C. pros- 


Sper Benth. var. ‘grandifolius (Torr.) Jepson, Man, 624 (1925) ; FL Calif. 
> 479 (1936). 


AUGUST, 1937] FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM 45 


A study of C. gloriosus over a period of years would seem 
to indicate that it does not find its nearest relative in any of those 
species to which the oft-disposed var. grandifolius has been 
referred. Rather it appears to be most closely related to C. pur- 
pureus Jepson, a local and apparently distinct endemic in the 
southern part of the Napa Range, Napa County. However, 
C. purpureus and C. gloriosus are distinct in one or more charac- 
ters of habit, leaves, flowers, and seeds. Together, C. purpureus 
and C. gloriosus can be separated from other related species of 
Ceanothus on characters of foliage and fruit. A collection from 
Guerneville, Sonoma County, which has not been seen but which 
is perhaps referable to C. gloriosus, is cited by Prof. Jepson 
(Fl. Calif. 2: 478) as C. Jepsonit Greene var. purpureus (Jepson) 
Jepson and would seem to indicate that he too recognizes the 
close affinity between C. purpureus and what is here considered 
a distinct species. 

It only remains to note the great beauty of C. gloriosus in 
cultivation. I feel certain that for the rock garden the typical 
prostrate maritime variant will prove a desirable and delightful 
shrubby creeper; and as for var. exaltatus, no Ceanothus is to 
me more effective in habit, flower, and foliage than a fair-sized 
specimen in full bloom. 


FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—I 


BY SUSAN G. STOKES 


Eriogonum vimineum Dougl. var. caninum Greene (FI. Fran. 
150; type locality, Tiburon, Marin County, California) was 
described from a specimen which has the low spreading habit 
of E. Nortoni Greene, but the terminal branches are shortly 
extended and the involucres are narrower. The “flexuously 
divaricate” forms with slender branchlets and narrow involucres 
which are common in northern California should be given the 
name E. vimineum Dougl. var. californicum Gdgr. (Bull. Soc. 
Bot. Belg. 42: 199; type locality, Petaluma, Sonoma County, 
California). 

7 5 A 7 

The following names were not accounted for in the “Genus 

Eriogonum”’ (Stokes, 1936) : 


46 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


ERIOGONUM ROSENSE Nelson & Kennedy, Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Wash. 19: 36 (1906). Very near to E. ochrocephalum Wats. 
subsp. anemophilum (Greene) Stokes, pubescence of the same 
character, size smaller, flowers yellow as in E. ochrocephalum 
subsp. typicum Stokes. Type locality: “summit of Mount Rose, 
Washoe County, Nevada, elevation 10,800 feet,’ P. B. Kennedy 
No. 1180. 


ERIOGONUM RHODANTHUM Nelson & Kennedy, Proc. Biol. 
Soc. Wash. 19:35 (1906). An alpine form of E. ovalifolium 
Nutt. subsp. vineum (Small) Stokes, not so reduced as typical 
var. nivale (Canby) Jones, forming dense mats on hard rocky 
ground, caudex branched and decumbent rather than stubby ; 
slightly resembling subsp. extmium (Tidestr.) Stokes. Differs 
from E. ochrocephalum Wats. subsp. anemophilum (Greene) 
Stokes in the character of the pubescence which is close and 
white, also in the flowers which have broad sepals as in E£. ovali- 
folium Nutt. which is rather polymorphous. Type locality: 
“summit of Mount Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, elevation 
10,800 feet,’ P. B. Kennedy No. 1184. 


ERIOGONUM STRICTUM Benth. var. LACHNOSTEGIUM Benth. 
in DC., Prodr. 14: 16 (1856). E. lachnostegium ( Benth.) Rydb., 
Fl. Rocky Mts. 221 (1917). Appears heavier than E. strictum 
subsp. typicum Stokes because of the rather dense pubescence; 
the subsp. typicwm has a glabrous, coriaceous surface. Type 
locality : “in collibus ad Snake river (Fremont!).” 


Eriogonum chrysocephalum Gray subsp. Cusickii (Jones) 
Stokes, comb. nov. E. Cusickti Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 11: 10 
(1903), not E. Cusick Gdgr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 42: 193 
(1906). Dwarf perennial closely related to E. chrysocephalum 
Gray subsp. typicum Stokes, but differing in that the inflores- 
cence is subumbellate, some of the involucres are sessile while 
others are borne on short rays 4 to 8 mm. long, and the flowers 
are pale. Interpreted as a survival of a primitive ancestor 
with branched inflorescence. Type locality: “on a stony desert, 
Harney Co., Oregon,” Cusick No. 2603. 

The type collection of E. microthecum Nutt. var. idahoense 
(Rydb.) Stokes (E. tdahoense Rydb.) was made at Weiser, 
Washington County, Idaho, July 7, 1899, by M. E. Jones, 
No. 6511. 


AUGUST, 1937] FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM 47 


In their revision of the genus Eriogonum, Torrey and Gray 
adopted the name FE. Wrightu Torr. instead of E. trachygonum 
Torr. (Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:176) and E. brevicaule Nutt. 
instead of E. campanulatum Nutt. (1. c., 172). According to 
Art. 56, International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature (1935), 
the following names should be used: 


Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. typicum Stokes, nom. nov. 
E. Wrightii Torr. in Benth. in DC., Prodr. 14:15. E. trachygonum Torr. 
subsp. Wrightii (Torr.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 58. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. dentatum (Stokes) Stokes, comb. 
nov. E. trachygonum Torr. subsp. dentatum Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 60. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. glomerulum (Stokes) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. trachygonum Torr. subsp. glomerulum Stokes, Gen. 
Eriog. 59. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. membranaceum (Stokes) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. Wrighttt Torr. var. membranaceum Stokes in Jepson, FI. 
Calif. 1:416. E. trachygonum Torr. subsp. membranaceum (Stokes) 
Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 59. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. Pringlei (Coult. & Fish.) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. Pringlei Coult. & Fish., Bot. Gaz. 17:351. E. trachygonum 
Torr. subsp. Pringlei (Coult. & Fish.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 59. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. subscaposum (Wats.) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. Wrightii Torr. var. subscaposum Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:29. 
E. trachygonum Torr. subsp. subscaposum (Wats.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 59. 

ErroconumM WricuHtTit Torr. subsp. TAXIFOLIUM (Greene) Parish, 
Erythea 6:87. E. taxifolium Greene, Pitt. 1:267. E. trachygonum Torr. 
subsp. taxifolium (Greene) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 59, a combination errone- 
ously credited to Parish. 

Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. subsp. trachygonum (Torr.) Stokes, 
comb. nov. &. trachygonum Torr. in Benth. in DC., Prodr. 14:15. 
E. trachygonum Torr. subsp. typicum Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 58. 

Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. subsp. typicum Stokes, nom. nov. 
E, brevicaule Nutt., Jour. Phil. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 1:163. E.campanulatum 
Nutt. subsp. brevicaule (Nutt.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 77. 

Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. subsp. campanulatum (Nutt.) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. campanulatum Nutt., Jour. Phil. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 1:163. 
E. campanulatum Nutt. subsp. typicum Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 77. 

Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. subsp. grangerense (Jones) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. grangerense Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 11:12. E. campanu- 
latum Nutt. subsp. grangerense (Jones) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 77. 

Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. subsp. leptothecum (Stokes) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. campanulatum Nutt. subsp. leptothecum Stokes, Gen. 
Eriog. 78. 

Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. subsp. orendense (A. Nels.) Stokes, 
comb. nov. E. orendense A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 34:21. E. campanulatum 
Nutt. subsp. orendense (A. Nels.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 78. 


48 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 3 


Eriogonum pedunculatum Stokes, spec. nov. Annuum gracile aspectu 
E, viminei, sed involucris pedunculatis, pedunculis gracilimis 1—10 mm. 
longis, involucris et pedunculis rectis strictis. 

Slender annual with narrow erect habit, 3—4 dm. tall; leaves nearly 
round, clustered in a rosette at the base, also, in smaller size, within the 
axils of the lower circles of bracts, densely tomentose beneath, less so 
above; stems di- or tri-chotomous, lower part tomentose, upper glabrous 
and coriaceous, final branches virgate, bearing from several to about 10 
involucres, nodes bearing minute, acute bracts; involucres pedunculate, 
narrowly turbinate, 1.7—2.3 mm. high and 1 mm. wide, grooved, teeth 5, 
acute; peduncles delicate, 1—10 mm. long, bearing the involucres close to 
and parallel with the stem; flowers few, usually but one appearing at a 
time, narrow at base, glabrous, pale, about 1.5 mm. long. 


Type: No. 131669, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
F. E. Blaisdell at Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, California. 


Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. subsp. tenue (T. & G.) Stokes var. 
multipedunculatum Stokes, var. nov. A subspecie tenwi differt: habitu 
diffuso, ramulis numerosis recurvis capita globosa formantibus, internodiis 
et pedunculis brevibus, pedunculis gracilibus refractis, inferioribus circa 
1 cm. longis, superioribus sepe 1—2 mm. longis; involucris brevioribus, 
turbinatis; floribus minoribus. 


Type: No. 191116, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
J. T. Howell, No. 7988, 40 miles west of Austin, Lander County, 
Nevada, Aug. 25, 1931. 


This variety approaches E. vimineum Dougl. subsp. Batley: 
(Wats.) Stokes in habit, coriaceous stems, and small involucres ; 
the outer floral segments, like those of typical E. cernuum, are 
slightly widened at the base. This portion of the Great Basin 
produces several forms of the E. deflexum and E. nutans types 
which vary in the length of the peduncles and the greater stout- 
ness of the parts. Even subsp. tenue is seldom so delicate as is 
var. multipedunculatum. 


Eriogonum apiculatum Wats. var. subvirgatum Stokes, var. nov. 


A specie differt: ramulis ultimis virgatis, involucris sessilibus vel sub- 
sessilibus, involucris in axillis inferioribus pedunculatis ; floribus aut acuto- 
turbinatis aut obtusis basi. 


Type: No. 168499, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
Ralph Hoffmann, Sept. 8, 1929, on Mt. San Jacinto, Riverside 
County, California, alt. 7000 ft. The typical form of EF. apicu- 
latwm has long internodes and well developed peduncles. Speci- 
mens of the variety, of which there are eight, are low, 1—2 dm. 
tall, the involucres nearly sessile. 


Vor, il 


LEAFLETS 
of 


No. 4 


WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 


Notes on Schizococcus 
Auice Eastwoop 
A Remarkable New Phacelia 
JoHN THomas Howe Lt 
Further Studies in Eriogonum—II 
Susan G. STOKEs 
New Species of Western Plants 
ALice Eastwoop 
Notes on Western Plants 
HucuH O’NEILL 
New Varieties of Western Plants—I 
JoHN Tuomas Howe. 
A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—I 
JoHNn THomas Howe Li 
Notes on Carex—XI 
J. W. STacey 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
NoveMBER 20, 1937 


PAGE 


49 


51 


52 


54 


56 


57 


59 


63 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEst. Bor. 


Pe 


INCHES 


jliiint 
METRIC 


QHUnnpanngganedgUUn A) O000 O00 U0 Lg 


Owned and published by 


Atice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas Howeg.Li 


NOV 2 6 1937 


NOVEMBER, 1937] NOTES ON SCHIZOCOCCUS 49 


- NOTES ON SCHIZOCOCCUS, WITH A KEY 
TO THE SPECIES 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Schizococcus Eastwood was differentiated from Arctostaphy- 
los Adans. in the first volume of this magazine, page 98, because 
of the dehiscent fruit, a character unknown in any other genus 
of the group. The fruits never can be called manzanitas (little 
apples ) since, unlike the species that are rightfully so named, the 
fruits fall to the ground, and the nutlets, encased in the dry outer 
coat, separate as they fall and can be found only by diligent search 
under the bushes. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SCHIZOCOCCUS 


Parts of the flower in fives; Sierran species. 


Foliage pallid, old stems shreddy.............-2..----:::-t0sessee+- S. nissenanus 

Foliage green, old stems smooth........0.......-.-----:ecseeeeeeeeeeees S. myrtifolius 
Parts of the flower in fours; coast species. 

MECN: HIP) iS 01 3 Cy RR ne S. nummularius 

Fruit with generally 2, rarely 3, nutlets -......................-.----- S. sensitivus 


SCHIZOCOCCUS NISSENANUS (C. H. Merriam) Eastwood." 
This was described by Dr. C. Hart Merriam as Arctostaphylos 
nissenana (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31:102). The shrubs were 
without flowers or fruits, but Dr. Merriam, who knows Cali- 
fornian manzanitas, at once recognized it as distinct. I sought 
for years to locate it in the vicinity of the type locality, two or 
three miles north of Louisville, Eldorado County. An account 
of its rediscovery with a full description was published by Mr. 
Howell in vol. 1, p. 253, of this magazine. The character of the 
fruit places it in the genus Schizococcus. It has been reported 
from other localities and may be more widely spread than is 
known at present, perhaps buried in the dense chaparral areas 
so common in the foothill region of the Sierra Nevada. 

It is related to S. myrtifolius (Parry) Eastwood from Ione, 
both having the parts of the flowers in 5’s, but is quite distinct 
because of the pallid foliage and shreddy bark of the old stems. 


1 Schizococcus nissenanus (C. H. Merriam) Eastwood, comb. no 
leita nissenana C. H. Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 102 


Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 49-64, November 20, 1937. 


50 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. II, NO. 4 


ScHIzOCoccUS NUMMULARIUs (Gray) Eastwood. Schizo- 
coccus nummularius (Gray) Eastwood and S. sensitivus (Jepson) 
Eastwood ” differ from the preceding in the parts of the flowers 
in 4’s, On the Mendocino Plains adjacent to Mendocino City, 
the type locality of S. nummularius, erect and prostrate plants 
grow side by side, indistinguishable except by habit of growth. 
Herbarium specimens would scarcely show this difference, but 
since the species was described as erect, this form has to be con- 
sidered the type. Some three miles east of Point Arena, Mendo- 
cino County, on the road above the Garcia River, a variety of 
this species occurs. It is less delicate in all its parts, with larger 
and broader leaves, and is always erect. I am naming this plant 
S. nummularius var. latifolius.* Both the species and the variety 
have globular fruits containing four or five seeds. 

A hybrid apparently between S. nummularius and the neigh- 
boring Arctostaphylos setosissima Eastwood was collected by 
the author near Mendocino City, June 28, 1922, No. 11458. It 
has the small leaves and habit of S. nummularius but the hairy 
stems and pubescence of A. setosissima. The few fruits on the 
specimens are those of Schizococcus and contain five seeds. 


SCHIZOCOCCUS SENSITIVUS (Jepson) Eastwood. This is a 
common species on Mt. Tamalpais, the type locality. Compared 
with S. nummularius it is more robust, compact, always erect, 
and with larger leaves. On the south side of Mt. Tamalpais 
amid other chapparral it sometimes becomes over six feet tall, 
but is generally about three feet. The most distinctive difference, 
however, between this and S. nummularius is in the fruit. It is 
flat, sulcate longitudinally down the middle, and contains two 
seeds, but it is never globular. The species is also common on 
the hills above the Big Basin, Santa Cruz County, as well as in 
other parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains. 


2 Schizococcus sensitivus (Jepson) Eastwood, comb. nov. Arctostaphylos 
sensitiva Jepson, Madronfio 1:85, 94 (1922). 


8 Schizococcus nummularius (Gray) Eastwood var. latifolius Eastwood, 
var. nov. A specie differt: robustior, in omnibus partibus minus delicatis, 
foliis majoribus latioribusque. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 247005, collected on hills east of Point 
Arena, Mendocino County, California, May 31, 1937, by Eastwood and 
Howell, No. 4459. 


NOVEMBER, 1937] A REMARKABLE NEW PHACELIA 5I 


A REMARKABLE NEW PHACELIA 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Phacelia Dalesiana J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Humilis, perennis, foliis 
et inflorescentiis ex apice rhizomatis lignei directi simplicis vel pauci- 
partiti; foliis rosulatis oblongis vel ellipticis ad ovatis, 1.5—4.5 cm. longis, 
0.5—2.5 cm. latis, acutis vel subobtusis, cuneatis usque ad subcordatis basi, 
laminis breviter et anguste decurrentibus, tenuiter pubescentibus supra 
et infra, pinnate venosis, petiolis tenuibus, 1.5—7 cm. longis, villosulis, 
viscidulis, basi dilatatis; inflorescentiis ex axillis foliorum basalium 
emanantibus, pedunculis viscidulo-pubescentibus decumbentibus, 3—6 cm. 
longis, sub cyma 2 (vel 3) folia reducta rhombico-ovata 1—2 cm. longa 
petiolata ferentibus, cyma laxe pauciflora vix scorpioidali, usque ad 6 cm. 
longa, pedicellis usque ad 2 cm. longis; calyci usque ad basin partito, lobis 
paullum inzqualibus, oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, 3 mm. longis, in fructu 
accrescentibus, inzequalibus, usque ad 6 mm. longis, pubescentibus, sub- 
coriaceis; disco nullo; corolla fere rotata, albida, demum decidua, in fauce 
purpureo-maculata, intus glabra, extus minute pubescenti, 1—1.5 cm. lata, 
lobis subrotundis vel late elliptico-ovatis, 1 cm. longis, apice rotundis; 
squamis 10, fere semiorbicularibus, cum corolla neque filamento coalitis, 
2 mm. longis; filamentis glabris, 6 mm. longis, basin corollz insertis, 
antheris purpureis, 2 mm. longis; stylis sparse barbatis basi, 7 mm. longis, 
ramis 6 mm. longis; ovario setaceo, uniloculari, placentis apice vix incras- 
satis, ovulis 2 ad quamque placentam, pendulis; capsula suborbiculari, 
coriacea, 4 mm. diametro, valvis prominentes parietales placentiferas 
carinas ferentibus, sepe 2-sperma; seminibus 2.5—3 mm. longis, hemi- 
sphericis, facie plana tenuiter excavata et humili-carinata, plus minusve 
spongioso-reticulatis. 


This Phacelia is named in honor of E. Dales (Mrs. H. C.) 
Cantelow, who first brought it to me from the summit of the 
Scott Mts. in Trinity County north of Carrville in May, 1936. 
In the following August, I was taken to Trinity County on a 
botanical excursion by Mr. and Mrs. Cantelow, at which time 
I was able to collect fruiting material (J. T. Howell No. 12736). 
The type of the species, which is in flower and young fruit, was 
collected at the same station, June 25, 1937, Eastwood & Howell 
No. 5014 (Calif. Acad. Sci. Herb. No. 243434). Additional 
fruiting material was obtained on July 30, 1937, J. T. Howell 
No. 13691. 

Several remarkable characters distinguish this Phacelia, The 
habit, which is like that of some otherwise entirely unrelated 


52 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Il, NO. 4 


Mexican species, is, to my knowledge, unique among western 
American species of the genus and is unlike the habit of any 
members of the section Euphacelia to which our plant is refer- 
able on characters of flowers and ovules. In fact the origin of 
the several inflorescences of each plant from the axils of the 
rosulate leaves brings to mind the distinctive habit of Hespero- 
chiron and the resemblance is heightened when the few-flowered, 
scarcely scorpioid cyme of P. Dalesiana is compared with those 
forms of Hesperochiron in which the peduncles are not always 
1-flowered as they have usually been described. In the important 
characters of the corolla-scales and of the well developed placental 
ridges on the walls of the capsule, the plant is truly Phacelia-like, 
but in the position and attachment of the ovules there is diver- 
gence. The position of the ovules at the top of the placental 
ridge is not found in species of Phacelia which I have examined, 
but it is characteristic of the genus Draperia. Our plant lacks 
the bulbous placental projections to which the ovules of Draperia 
are attached, but the pendent position of the ovules is like that 
of the ovules in Draperia and in certain few-ovulate types of 
Hesperochiron. 

From a consideration of these critical aspects, it would appear 
that P. Dalesiana might represent a reliquial expression of an 
ancient type or complex from which not only the genera Draperia 
and Hesperochiron developed but also from which species-groups 
of modern Phacelia with less specialized habit and placentation 
have diverged. 


FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—II 


BY SUSAN G. STOKES 


Eriogonum reliquum Stokes, spec. nov. Ad E. niveum et E. vimineum 
affine, perenne, album; inflorescentiis virgatis ; sepalis obovatis. 

Low perennial, base woody, decumbent, rather loosely branched, 2—3 
dm. tall, white-tomentose throughout except flowers ; leaves broadly ovate, 
2—3 cm. long, closely tomentose, petiole 1—2.5 cm. long; lower bracts 
foliaceous ; branching rather strict, the involucres appressed to the stems, 
about 2.5—3 mm. long, slightly campanulate; flowers narrow at base, pale 
yellow to white with dark vein, 3 mm. long, outer segments obovate, 
glabrous. 


NOVEMBER, 1937] FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—II 53 


Type: No. 248453, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
I. W. Clokey, No. 7491, August. 9, 1937, on a gravelly brushy 
wash in the yellow pine belt, 2270 m., Charleston Park, Charles- 
ton Mts., Clark County, Nevada. No. 5444 was collected at the 
same locality on August 7, 1935. 

The name was suggested by its close resemblance to both 
annual and perennial members of the virgate group. It appears 
to be a survival of the primitive form from which the annuals 
could have been derived, left when its relatives drifted to the 
north. 

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. subsp. stellatum (Benth.) Stokes var. 
subaridum Stokes, var. nov. A subspecie stellato differt: foliis tenuibus 
et mollibus petiolatis et ovatis ; ad subsp. stellatum et subsp. cognatum affine 
in inflorescentia pauciradiata, radiis lateralibus bracteatis ; dentibus involu- 
cralibus brevibus, deflexis; a subsp. cognato differt: foliis basi cuneatis et 
tenuiter tomentosis. 


Type: No. 248450, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected in the 
juniper belt at 2200 m. alt., Kyle Canyon, Charleston Mts., 
Clark County, Nevada, by I. W. and C. B. Clokey, No. 7492, 
July 17, 1937. Other collections made by Mr. Clokey in the 
Charleston Mts. are: No. 5441 and 5442, Charleston Park; 
No. 5440, Deer Creek, 2700 m.; No. 5452, Lee Canyon, 2450 m. ; 
No. 5450, Deer Creek, 2750 m. In the latter the inflorescence is 
very compound like that of E. umbellatum var. bahieforme 
(T. & G.) Jepson. In No. 5441 and No. 5440 the flowers are 
yellow, in No. 5452 and No. 5450 the flowers are pale.* 


This variety appears to be derived from the same stock as 
subsp. stellatum which returned to the north through western 
California, leaving isolated survivors in southern California. The 
present variety and E. umbellatum subsp. cognatum (Greene) 
Stokes appear to have ascended from the Colorado River depres- 
sion and to have become established on the mountains adjacent, 
var. subaridum to the north and subsp. cognatwm to the south. 
Both are nearer to the stellatum type than to the polyanthum. 


* Experiments in the garden at Stanford University indicate that color 
is not very constant except the fundamental color which is pale. Beautiful 
purple, crocus-yellow, and pink flowers, where grown side by side from seed 
collected in isolated spots, have reverted to the pale-flowered in the first 
generation. 


54 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __[VOL. II, NO. 4 


NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Boisduvalia pallida Eastwood, spec. nov. Ramosa basi et supra, pallida, 
minute tomentosa, in senectute glabrata; ramis gracilibus, fastigiatis, sepe 
rubescentibus ; foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, integris, 2—5 cm. longis, 3—10 
mm. latis; floribus axillaribus, rubris, 2 cm. longis, ovario tereti, attenuato, 
rostrato, ca. 13 mm. longo; calyce 7 mm. longo, tubo cuneato, segmentis 
lanceolatis, acutis, 4 mm. longis; petalis ca. 8 mm. longis, bilobatis; cap- 
sulis 2-, 3-, 4-angulatis, 2—3 cm. longis, basi 1—2 mm. diametro, apice 
rostratis; seminibus brunneis, oblongis, 2 mm. longis. 

Type: No. 243301, Herb: Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the 
author, No. 1021, July 11, 1912, at Goose Valley, Shasta County, 
California, on the George Dillman Ranch, where I had the privi- 
lege of collecting as their guest. 

The large flowers ally this species with B. macrantha Heller, 
but that has larger flowers, and the leaves are serrate rather than 
entire. The ribbed pod suggests an affinity with B. cleistogama 
Curran. 

The branches are slender, reddish, erect, and spring from 
the base as well asabove. The fine white tomentum which clothes 
the pallid foliage disappears with age, but is present on the flower- 
ing parts. Flowers appear in the earliest axils and are larger 
than those of the common species. The petals are deeply lobed, 
the slender seed pods are ribbed with from 2 to 4 ribs, sometimes 
somewhat torulose and with a long slender beak that points out- 
ward. The seeds are few and large and in some pods are so 
evident that the pod becomes almost moniliform. The type of 
B. macrantha Heller, with which this has been compared, is in 
the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, No. 125. 
In B. macrantha the leaves are close and somewhat imbricated ; 
in this the leaves are distant, much smaller, and the entire plant 
is more slender and wiry. 

Phlox czsia Eastwood, spec. nov. Humilis cespitosa, 5—9 cm. alta, 
omnino glandulosa, dense foliosa ; foliis congestis, rigidis, bisulcatis, lineari- 
lanceolatis, aristatis, basi amplexicaulibus, 1—2 cm. longis, basi 2 mm. 
latis; floribus 1 vel paucibus, sessilibus, terminantibus caules; calyce 
ovoideo, ca. 9 mm. longo, segmentis 6 mm. longis, aristatis, bisulcatis, tubo 


membranaceo intra nervos; corolla cesia, hypocrateriforme, tubo 15 mm. 
longo, glanduloso, lamina 15 mm. diametro, lobis subrotundatis, 5—7 mm. 


NOVEMBER, 1937] NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 55 


latis; antheris sessilibus, 3 infra medium tubz, 2 supra; ovario oblongo, 
stylo 4 mm. longo, ramis 1 mm. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 211123, collected in Red 
Canyon near the entrance to Bryce Canyon, Utah, June 20, 1935, 
by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 792. Another 
collection was made in the same locality, June 18, No. 668. 


This lovely species grew amid the rocks in the red soil from 
which the canyon receives its name. The dense mats with con- 
gested spiny-tipped leaves gave off a mephitic odor from the 
abundant glands covering all parts, even the tube of the large 
lavender-blue corolla. The many stems arise from a woody 
taproot. 


Rudbeckia glaucescens Eastwood, spec. nov. Glabra et glauca ca. 
1 m. alta; caule simplice, scaposo, monocephalo; foliis radicalibus late 
lanceolatis, acuminatis, contractis ad longum petiolum, integris vel sub- 
dentatis, lamina prope 3 dm. longa, ca. 6 cm. lata; petiolis prope 3 dm. 
longis ; foliis caulinis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, basi cuneatis et sessilibus, 
uninervatis; involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis, uniseriatis, radiis brevi- 
oribus; ligulis 1.5—3.5 cm. longis, prope 10 mm. latis, lanceolatis, apice 
bidentatis; paleis receptaculi linearibus, carinatis, achenia amplectentibus, 
apice deltoideis, vestitis pilis brevibus et crispis; disco fructifero cylin- 
draceo, brunneo, 2—4 cm. longo; floribus disci tubulosis, acheniis brevi- 
oribus ; acheniis angulatis, coronatis breve dentata cupula. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad Sci. No. 12054, collected by the 
author, Sept. 7, 1923, on the old Gasquet road in a Darlingtonia 
swamp, No. 12150. Other specimens from other localities in 
Darlingtonia swamps are in the herbarium from Del Norte 
County, California. This differs from R. occidentalis Nutt. in 
the radiate heads, the peculiar pale 1-nerved leaves, the cauline 
sessile with cuneate base, the radical attenuate to long petioles, 
not winged. In general appearance it resembles R. californica 
Gray from which it differs in the smooth pale foliage, the shape 
of the leaves, and the angled akenes crowned by a short dentate 
cup instead of four lobes. 


Stephanomeria Haleyi Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis ?, intricate 
ramosa, glauca; foliis minutis, ovatis, reflexis, supra lanatis, lana decidua, 
tenace in axillis; capitulis multis, lateralibus, pedunculis 5—10 mm. longis, 
dense bracteatis, bracteis minutis, imbricatis, supra lanatis, involucri 
squamis linearibus, apice lanatis, margine crispis et parce lanatis, squamis 
exterioribus brevioribus et lanatioribus; radiis linearibus, apice truncatis 


56 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. Il, NO. 4 


et 5-dentatis; styli lobis 2 mm. longis; pappo fusco, plumoso ad infra 
medium, acheniis gracilibus, linearibus, 4-costatis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 232019. It was collected 
on the west side of Walker Lake, Mineral County, Nevada, 
Aug. 16, 1927, by Dr. George Haley in whose honor it is named. 
Dr. Haley has made most valuable contributions to the herbarium 
from the Pribilof and Aleutian islands, from Iceland, Norway 
and other Arctic districts, as well as a few from Nevada. 

It is a bushy plant about 2 dm. high forming a round mass 
of intricately branching stems. The leaves are soon deciduous, 
leaving tufts of white wool along the stems. The heads of flowers 
terminate short, densely woolly-bracted stems. The outer bracts 
of the involucre are shorter and more woolly than the inner which 
are linear with crisped and somewhat woolly margins. The pink 
rays are truncate at the 5-toothed apex and about 2 mm. long; 
the pappus is brownish and plumose to a little below the middle 
and the plumes seem to fall separately ; the immature akenes are 
linear, slender and 4-ribbed. 


NOTES ON WESTERN PLANTS 


BY HUGH O'NEILL 
Langlois Herbarium, Catholic University of America 


A Cyperus New To Ca.irornia. Dr. Leroy Abrams on 
September 25, 1920, collected Cyperus albomarginatus Mart. & 
Schrad. three miles below Three Rivers, Tulare County, Cali- 
fornia. The collection is Abrams No. 7715 and is in the Dudley 
Herbarium, No. 108045. This seems to be the first record of this 
species from California. It was originally described from Brazil. 

CyPERUS FUSCUS IN CALIFORNIA. A specimen collected by 
Dr. Leroy Abrams in sand 3 miles northwest of Stockton on the 
Calaveras River, September 14, 1917, is probably the first record 
of Cyperus fuscus L. in California. 

New To Arizona. Pistia Stratiotes L., the so-called Tropical 
Duckweed, has been collected by Sister Mary Noel; O.S.F., in 
an irrigation canal in the vicinity of Yuma. Her specimen, 
No. 44, apparently the first record of this plant from Arizona, is 
in the Langlois Herbarium. 


NOVEMBER, 1937] NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS—I 57 


NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS—I 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Streptanthella longirostris (Wats.) Rydb. is widely dis- 
tributed from the deserts of northwestern Mexico and California 
northward and eastward as far as central Wyoming and western 
Colorado. Although characterized by an intriguing and some- 
what perplexing morphological constitution when considered 
together with its near relatives in the Crucifere, it is, within 
itself, a nearly uniform entity mostly devoid of variation, save 
such as might in any season be imposed by fluctuation of tempera- 
ture and moisture in a desert environment. To find, then, a 
variant worthy of name in this species has been unusually 
interesting. 

It has been of interest, too, to note that in known distribution 
our new plant is nearly or quite confined to desert sands at or 
near sea level about the ancient head of the Gulf of California. 
Undoubtedly our variety was once the maritime aspect of the 
species before the Colorado River had unloaded its plains of silt 
and when the waters of the gulf extended far up the Coachella 
Valley toward Palm Springs in California and spread over the 
lowlands around Yuma in southwestern Arizona. Many gener- 
ations of our plant have come and gone since last it grew along 
the seashore in California and Arizona, but in Mexico it can still 
be found flourishing along the present shores of the gulf. 

Streptanthella longirostris (Wats.) Rydb. var. derelicta J. T. Howell, 
var. nov. Caulibus foliisque viridibus, haud glaucis; foliis inferioribus 
usque ad 10 cm. longis, pinnato-partitis, rachide angusta segmenta 3 vel 4 
divaricata angusto-oblonga acuta utrimque ferenti; foliis superioribus re- 
ductis, minus prominenter lobatis vel integris ; fructu maturo ignoto. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 248447, collected on sand 
hills near La Quinta, Riverside County, California, by Lewis S. 
Rose, No. 36835, Dec. 29, 1936. Other collections which have 
been seen from Riverside County, California, are: Point Happy 
near Indio, Jaeger in 1925 (Herb. Univ. Calif.) ; Coachella 
Valley, Winblad in 1937 (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; Painted 
Canyon, McGregor No. 752 (Herb. Dudley.). One collection 
has been seen from Arizona, Monnet No. 1103, from dunes 
between Wellton and Dome, Yuma County (Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci.) ; and one has been seen from Sonora, Mexico, Pringle in 


58 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 4 


1884, on sandy plains near the Gulf of California (Herb. Univ. 
Calif.). 

From typical S. longirostris, var. derelicta is very distinct 
with its non-glaucous shoot and its pinnately parted leaves. So 
different is it in appearance that it was believed to be specifi- 
cally distinct but no characters of flower or fruit were noted that 
separated it. When mature fruit of the variety is found, the 
character of the silique or seed may supply the character needed 
for specific differentiation. 

Abs ? 7 

From the east slope of the Sierra Nevada below the summit 
of Sonora Pass, Mr. Lewis S. Rose recently collected a variant 
of Chrysothamnus nauseosus ( Pall.) Britt. with leaves as wide 
as or wider than in any of the numerous forms of that complex 
that have been made known. By reference to the treatment of 
this species by Hall and Clements (Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ. 
326 : 209—229), Mr. Rose’s collection was found to be most 
nearly related to C. nauseosus subsp. bernardinus (Hall) Hall & 
Clements. From that subspecies, whose entire distribution is far 
removed from the locality where our plant is found, the Sonora 
Pass plant differs in its wider 3-nerved leaves and acute involucral 
bracts. In general aspect, it bears a striking resemblance to the 
broad-leaved form of C. nauseosus subsp. speciosus ( Nutt.) Hall 
& Clements which is found in the same general region on the 
east side of the central Sierra Nevada and which is treated by 
Hall and Clements as minor variation no. 58 (J. c., p. 221). From 
this, our plant can be separated not only by the broader 3-nerved 
leaves but also by the involucres which are a quarter to half 
again as long. 

Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt. var. macrophyllus J. T. 
Howell, var. nov. Frutex circa 7 dm. altus; caulibus ex basi humili lignoso, 
erectis simplicibus foliatis ; pubescentia caulis subcompacta griseo-viridula ; 
foliis oblanceolatis, 4—6.5 cm. longis, 46.5 mm. latis, acutis, attenu- 
atis basi, tenuiter tomentosis vel subvillosis trinervatis, costa conspicua, 
nervis lateralibus submarginalibus; involucris 12—14 mm. longis, bracteis 
5-seriatis carinatis subglabris acutis; corolla 1 cm. longa, lobis 1—1.3 mm. 


longis, tuba tenuiter pubescenti; ramis styli 3 mm. longis, appendice 2 mm. 
longa; acheniis pubescentibus. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 248449, collected by Lewis 
S. Rose, No. 37684, 6 miles east of summit of Sonora Pass, 
elevation 7400 ft., Mono County, California, Sept. 28, 1937. 


’ 


NOVEMBER, 1937] A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ PLANTS—I 59 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—I 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


In this journal I recently gave a short account of a collection 
of plants which I received on loan from Leningrad for determi- 
nation, plants collected by the Russians in California nearly a 
hundred years ago.1 It was pointed out that that collection, 
though of local historical interest, did not possess the scientific 
interest it would have if it had been critically studied and reported 
on when it first arrived at the Academy of Sciences in St. Peters- 
burg in 1842. Incontrast, what deep feelings of scientific interest 
and regard were aroused by the small set of duplicates of western 
American specimens collected by David Douglas* which were 
included for determination in the same loan from Leningrad! 
Here was a collection classical in the botany of California and 
the West, a collection containing many species of plants which 
had been named by Douglas himself or by eminent botanists who 
had studied his specimens. So fundamental is a consideration 
of any of Douglas’ collections for an adequate understanding of 
many of our western American species, it seems proper to pub- 
lish here the complete list of this botanically rich collection which 
is to be found in the Russian Academy of Sciences in Leningrad. 


Of Douglas’ plants there were 90 specimens, 17 from north- 
western America and 73 from California. The former carried 
the printed label: “Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond. America Boreali- 
occidentalis. D. Douglas”; and the latter were labelled: “Herb. 


1 Leafl. West. Bot. 2:17—20 (1937). 


2 A short biographical notice with such dates as indicate Douglas’ move- 
ments in the West seems appropriate at this point. 


David Douglas was born at Scone, Scotland, in 1798. He made two trips 
to western America as collector for the Royal Horticultural Society of 
London and not ont did he obtain botanical specimens but he collected 
seeds of attractive plants for cultivation by members of the society. Many 
of our most beautiful western wild flowers found their way to England 
through Douglas’ activity and there they have been cherished as garden 
plants to the present time, receiving that regard which they deserve but 
which they rarely receive in their native land. On his first trip, Douglas 
arrived at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River in 1825 and remained in 
the Columbia River country until 1827. On his second trip to America, 
Douglas turned his attention to California, arriving at Monterey on De- 
cember 22, 1830 (acc. Jepson, Madrofno 2:97), and remaining until August, 
1832, the first botanical explorer in California to remain so long. On leaving 
California, Douglas went to Hawaii and from there he returned to the 
Pacific Northwest, landing on the Columbia River in October, 1832, where 
he was until October, 1833. In November, 1833, he was again in California 
(cf. Madrofio 2:98) on his way to Hawaii where he was killed by an infuri- 
ated bull on July 12, 1834. 


‘hb. 


60 - LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VoL. II, NO. 4 


Soc. Hort. Lond. Nova California. Douglas, 1833.”% In spite 
of the fact that many of the specimens are duplicates of the type 
collections of certain species, almost none carried a determination 
and only a few had the generic name written on the label. This 
would seem to indicate that the specimens were distributed by 
the Royal Horticultural Society very early and that the set sent 
to St. Petersburg was sent in the same condition as those sent to 
the English herbaria, to Asa Gray, to DeCandolle, and to others. 
In the Russian set nearly all the specimens are numbered but 
the numbers were undoubtedly assigned in a taxonomic sequence 
for the distribution and not according to any order the specimens 
might have had when they were originally collected. 


So that no specially interesting or valuable specimen would 
be overlooked, considerable care was taken in the identification 
of the Douglas collection. In some cases it was possible to deter- 
mine that a certain specimen was part of the type collection of 
a species, definitely cited in the literature. In other cases it was 
not clear how much the specimen from the wild had figured in 
an original description and how much a plant grown from seed 
of Douglas’ collecting had been used. Whenever one of the 
specimens seemed to have anything to do with a plant name based 
on Douglas’ material, special care was taken to verify the determi- 
nation and to check the specimen with the original description 
of the plant. Then when such a determination was established, 
the specimen was compared with the specimens of the species _ 
in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, and if 
one could be found which corresponded to the Douglas collection 
under consideration, the Academy specimen was annotated to 
the effect that it agreed with the type collection of the species 
in the Russian Academy. 


The purpose of making and noting these comparisons was 
twofold. First, it seemed desirable to have for reference in the 
Academy herbarium specimens which have been compared with 
authentic specimens of the species in question. These annotations 
have already proved of great assistance inthe critical study of 
several puzzling species of western American plants and notes 

3 By reference to the sketch given in the preceding footnote, it will be 
seen Douglas spent scarcely any time in California in 1833. This date repre- 
sents not the year in which the specimens were collected but the year in 
which Douglas’ Californian collections were received in England. Similar 


discrepancies are known to occur with some of Douglas’ plants from the 
Pacific Northwest. 


NOVEMBER, 1937] A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ PLANTS—I 61 


on these are given in the following enumeration of the Douglas 
plants. Second, in searching out what appeared to be a close 
match for a Douglas plant, an attempt was made to fix the geo- 
graphic region in California from which the particular Douglas 
plant might have come. No detailed field data accompany 
Douglas’ Californian collections and very little is definitely known 
about his journeys during his Californian sojourn.* By this study 
it was possible to place rather definitely several of the more 
important specimens in the collection. 

Most of the studies and determinations were made by the 
writer. The specimens of Potentilla were referred for deter- 
mination to Miss Ethel Crum, the specimen of Delphinium 
variegatum was examined by Mr. Joseph Ewan, and that of 
Downingia pulchella by Dr. Robert F. Hoover. For the oppor- 
tunity to study this collection, the writer is indebted to Dr. Ivan 
M. Johnston. 


SPECIMENS FROM NorTHWEST AMERICA 


No. 142. Crematis Douctasi1 Hook. This Douglas col- 
lection, which is in fruit, is probably not a part of the collection 
from which Hooker drew the original description. That collection 
was in flower and is well represented by tab. I in Fl. Bor. Amer. 
vol. 1. Compared to specimens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., the 
specimen from Leningrad agreed most nearly with a collection 
from near Austin, Grant County, Oregon, Henderson No. 5451. 
However, in the Douglas collection the leaf-segments were a 
trifle more acute and not so noticeably impress-veined on the 
upper side. Clematis Douglasu is treated by Piper (Fl. Wash. 
266) as a synonym of C. hirsutissima Pursh. 

No. 144. Berrperts AQUIFOLIUM Pursh. In flower. 

No. 134. Horketia Hrrsuta Lindl. ? Miss Ethel Crum, 
who critically examined the Douglas collection, was not sure of 
its identity. She writes about it as follows: 

“The Douglas specimen from Leningrad may be Horkelia 
hirsuta Lindl. of which I have seen no authentic material. The 
inflorescence, however, is more open than originally described 
for that species; also, the radical stipules disagree with the 

4 As recounted by Douglas in his letter to Hartnell (Madrofio 2:98—99), 
his field journal giving an account of his Californian collections was lost 
in the Fraser River in 1833. From a table of bearings for certain Californian 
localities sent by Douglas to Figueroa and published in Bancroft’s History 


of California (3:403, 404), we know at least that his journeys in California 
took him from Santa Barbara on the south to Sonoma on the north. 


62 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. II, NO. 4 


description in that they are rarely, if ever, forked. The specimen 
resembles also H. congesta Dougl. ex Hook., but differs from 
typical material in the more open inflorescence. There may be 
a difference also in the quality of the pubescence. The pubes- 
cence of the Douglas specimen is hirsute; that of H. congesta, 
not mentioned in the original description, was understood by 
Rydberg to be silky. However, Rydberg does not cite, and 
apparently had not seen the type collection. 

“The floral characters of the Douglas specimen agree wat 
those of the illustration of H. congesta (Bot. Mag. tab. 2880,— 
1829).° In the original description of H. hirsuta the floral struc- 
ture was not described in detail. The type collection was seen 
by Rydberg, however, and his illustration (Mem. Dept. Bot. 
Columbia Univ. 2, tab. 77,—1898) is not essentially different 
from that of H. congesta. 

“Tt is quite possible that H. congesta and H. hirsuta are not 
specifically distinct, but this can be decided only by comparing 
the types.” 

Photographs of this Douglas collection which is in flower 
are in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. and Herb. Univ. Calif. The type 
locality for H. hirsuta is given as “California, Douglas” (Bot. 
Reg. sub tab. 1997) and for H. congesta as “Cape Mendocena 
and on the low hills of the Umptqua River...” (Bot. Mag. tab. 
2880). In gross aspect the Douglas collection corresponds to a 
collection made in 1936 in the Willamette River Valley near 
Monmouth, Eastwood & Howell No. 2863, and determined by 
Miss Crum as “Horkelia hirsuta Lindl. ex char.” 

No. 152. AsTRAGALUS REVENTUS Gray. Douglas’ specimens 
furnished the type of this species which over a period of many 
years was a puzzle and a problem to Gray. Originally noted by 
Torrey and Gray under Phaca leucophylla in 1840 (Fl. N. Amer. 
1: 694), it was not until 1879 (Proc. Amer. Acad. 15:46) that 
Gray “completely identified” and named the inadequate fruiting 
material of Douglas. The specimen which we examined had 
only a single fruit attached but the plant was unmistakable. The 
leaflets were oblong, obtuse, up to 17 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, 
subglabrous above, cinereous-strigellous below; the single pod 
was 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide at the truncate base. 


5 The drawing was prepared from plants ‘‘which flowered in August, 
1828, from seeds brought home by Mr. Douglas’’ to the Roy. Hort. Soc. Lond. 
The seeds may or may not have come from ‘“‘Cape Mendocena’’ or the 
“Umptqua River.’’—J. T. H 


NOVEMBER, 1937] NOTES ON CAREX—XI 63 


NOTES ON CAREX—XI 


BY J. W. STACEY 


Carex sonomensis Stacey, spec. nov. Laxe czspitosa stolonifera, 
culmis 4—6 dm. altis, erectis, foliis longioribus, basi fibrillosis et brunneis ; 
foliis 6—10 ex singulis culmis fertilibus, laminis amplis, planis, 5—40 cm. 
longis, 3—6 mm. latis ; spica terminali gynecandra androgyna vel pistillata, 
sessili, ovoidea obovoidea vel oblanceolata, 8—10 mm. longa, 4—8 mm. lata, 
paullum excedenti spicam proximam; spicis pistillatis 3—6, aggregatis 
supra, oblongis, 7—15 mm. longis, 5—9 mm. latis; squamis ovatis obov- 
atisve, obtusis, hyalinis omnino, flavescentibus, in medio viridibus et tri- 
nervatis, costa squama breviore; perigyniis triangulari-lanceolatis, 4—4.5 
mm. longis, 1.5—1.75 mm. latis, prominenter costatis utrimque, in rostrum 
bidentulatum subserrulatum apice hyalinum attenuatis ; acheniis late ellips- 
oidalibus 1.75 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis, tenuiter longi- 
rostellatis. 


Loosely cespitose, stoloniferous, the rootstocks short, blackish, the 
stolons slender; culms 4—6 dm. high, erect, exceeding the leaves, phyl- 
lopodic, smooth, very fibrillose and dark brown at base; leaves with well 
developed blades, 6—10 to a fertile culm, clustered near the base, the blades 
flat, thickish, light green, 5—40 cm. long, 3—6 mm. wide, slightly involute 
on edges, long-attenuate to acute, roughened toward the apex; terminal 
spike gynecandrous, androgynous, or nearly pistillate, obovoid, ovoid, or 
oblanceolate, sessile or nearly so, 8—10 mm. long, 4—8 mm. wide, little 
exceeding the next uppermost spike; pistillate spikes 34, the upper closely 
approximate, the one or two lower distant, little to strongly exsert- 
peduncled, the spikes oblong in shape, 7—15 mm. long, 5—9 mm. wide; 
bracts long-sheathing, the blades leaf-like, shorter than the culms, the 
sheaths tubular, scarcely enlarged upward; scales nearly as wide as but 
shorter than the perigynia, ovate, obtuse, nearly hyaline throughout with 
a yellowish tinge toward the center, with a darker greenish three-veined 
center, the middle vein not extending to the apex; perigynia triangular- 
lanceolate, 4—4.5 mm. long, 1.5—1.75 mm. wide, not inflated, glabrous, 
light green or yellowish-green, strongly nerved on both faces, round- 
tapering at base and substipitate, tapering at apex into a bidentulate, slightly 
serrulate, hyaline-tipped beak; achenes broadly ellipsoid, sharply angular 
with concave sides, obscurely nerved as seen under a lens, brownish, short- 
stipitate, slenderly long-apiculate, jointed with the straight style; stigmas 3, 
slender, reddish-brown. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 246086, Howell & Stacey 
No. 13042, collected June 6, 1937, at Pitkin Marsh, five miles 
north of Sebastopol, Sonoma County, California. Another col- 
lection from the same place in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. is 
Howell & Stacey No. 12681. The species is named after Sonoma 
County. 


64 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. II, NO. 4 


This species belongs to the section Ferruginee Tuckerm. and 
is related to C. luzulina Olney and C. Lemmonii W. Boott. It is 
probable that there are one or two more new western species in 
this difficult section, and a complete key will be drawn up later. 
In the meantime the following artificial key will differentiate 
these three related species : 

Perigynia hyaline-tipped ; midvein of scales not extending to apex. 


Uppermost spike staminate, strongly overtopping the pistillate 
spikes; uppermost pistillate spikes not strongly aggregated; 
scales reddish-brown; achenes obovoid....................------ C. Lemmonii 


Uppermost spike gynzcandrous, androgynous, or pistillate, little 
exceeding the strongly aggregated uppermost pistillate spikes; 
scales almost completely hyaline; achenes broadly ellipsoid 
AES cial Ee aM 0 NR: ota FN eat ae Ce ee C. sonomensis 


Perigynia dark purplish-tipped; midvein of scales extending to the 
apex; the staminate spike not much exceeding the strongly 
aggregated uppermost pistillate spikes... C. lusulina 


tA 7 ? 


Since the large-headed species of Carex introduced along 
the coast of New Jersey in the pine barrens was determined as 
Carex Kobomugi Ohwi,' this species has also been detected on 
the Pacific Coast, introduced on ballast at Portland, Oregon. 
Two sheets were found in the Suksdorf collection at the State 
College of Washington at Pullman, Suksdorf’s No. 1270 and 
1811. His number 1811 is also in the herbarium of the California 
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 


5 id 7 


Carex Douglasu Boott was collected by Eastwood and Howell 
(No. 4269), fourteen miles west of Panoche, San Benito County, 
California. This is a considerable extension of its former range, 
as it has been found before in California only along the Sierra 
Nevada and eastward, and locally in the high mountains of 
Southern California. In the herbarium of the New York Bo- 
tanical Garden are several sheets of this species, labeled as col- 
lected by Torrey in Santa Barbara County. Mackenzie has 
written on these sheets, indicating that without doubt they bear 
the wrong label. In the light of this recent collection, it may be 
likely that Torrey really did collect these specimens somewhere 
in Santa Barbara County. 


1 Leafl. West. Bot. 2:30 (1937). 


Vot. II 


LEAFLETS 
of 


WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


Interesting Western Plants—I 
Poitier A. Munz 

New Varieties of Western Plants—II . 
JoHN THomas Howe. 

Further Studies in Eriogonum—III 
SusAN G. STOKES 

Two New Wallflowers 
ALicre Eastwoop 


A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—II . 


JoHN THomas Howe. 


New Records of Noteworthy Northwestern Plants . 
WALTER J. EyYERDAM 


Botanical Itinerary of Marcus E. Jones . 
Puiuie A. Munz 


A New Mimulus. .. . 
Joun Tuomas Howey 


Notes on Carex—XII 
J. W. STAcEY 


SAN FRANCcIscOo, CALIFORNIA 
January 24, 1938 


PAGE 


65 
70 
72 
73 
74 
78 
78 
79 


80 


¥ 


LEAFLETS 


Es 


re 


i< 

: ie ee 

STE Seg 
Ee ae ee ae ee 


numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


WESTERN BOTANY ye 

heh 

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the Tf 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four ¥ a 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single BT 


Cited as 


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JANUARY, 1938] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 65 


INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—I 
BY PHILIP A. MUNZ 
Pomona College, Claremont, California 


ALLIUM CRISTATUM Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 232 (1879). 
In my Manual So. Calif. Bot., 86 (1935), I give A. cristatum as 
occurring in the Providence Mts. of the eastern Mohave Desert 
in California, and I include under A. Parishii Wats. a series of 
plants from the Little San Bernardino Mts. More abundant 
material and further study would now lead me to restrict 
A. Parishu* to the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains, 
where it grows at elevations mostly above 6000 it., although some- 
times as low as 4200 ft.- It is characterized by rose-purple 
perianth-segments mostly 14—16 mm. long. The plants from the 
Little San Bernardino Mts., on the other hand, have perianth- 
segments 8—12 mm. long and the perianth is more campanulate. 
They have the same ovary-crests and other characters as do 
plants of A. cristatum from Utah and Arizona. The description 
of this species must be modified somewhat from that in my 
Manual for perianth-length and for color, which is deeper than 
I indicated. It grows at lower elevations than does A. Parishii, 
for example: Keyes Ranch, Little San Bernardino Mts., at 
3500 ft., Munz & Johnston No. 5263; Quail Springs, same range 
at 3500 ft., Munz & Johnston No. 5238; Contact Mine, same 
range, at 4000 ft., Munz No. 13760; Stubby Spring near Inspi- 
ration Point, same range, at 5000 ft., Sara Schenck in 1937; 
Twenty-nine Palms, Jones in 1927; White Tanks, Hitchcock 
No. 12226 ; and Bonanza King Mine, Providence Mts., at 5000 ft., 
Munz, Johnston & Harwood No. 4218. 

In the above references and for all other specimens cited in 
this paper, it may be understood that herbarium specimens are 
in the Herbarium of Pomona College. 

PHORADENDRON JUNIPERINUM Engelm., Mem. Amer. Acad. 
n. s. 4: 58 (1849). As this species was delimited by Trelease in 
The Genus Phoradendron (22,—1916), it has been known only 
from east of California. A collection of it was made on Juniperus 
utahensis at Keystone Spring, New York Mts., eastern Mohave 


* Since the above note was written, Mr. Joseph Ewan has presented evi- 
dence for separating the plants of the San Gabriel Mts. as A. monticola 
Davidson and restricting A. Parishii to the San Bernardino Mts. (cf. Bull. 
Torr. Bot. Club 64:509-511,—1937). I have again gone over our material, but 
I am unable to maintain this segregation. 


Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 65-80, January 24, 1938. 


66 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 5 


Desert, San Bernardino Co., California, October 13, 1935, Munz 
No. 13868. It is certainly distinct from P. ligatum Trel. on 
J. occidentalis in the absence of the groove at the base of the 
scales, although resembling it in size and habit. In these last 
respects it differs decidedly from the much larger P. Libocedri 
Howell on Libocedrus decurrens. 

SILENE INFLATA Smith, Fl. Brit. 467 (1800-4). A rather 
poor specimen of this was sent me in October, 1936, by Mr. 
Ethelbert Johnson, as “adventitious in orchard near Anaheim,” 


Orange Co., California. 

Aquilegia mohavensis Munz, spec. nov. Tab. I, fig. 1—3. Herba 
perennis; caulibus pluribus, ascendentibus, 4—6 dm. altis, glabris glau- 
cisque; foliis basalibus infimisque glabris, petiolis 1—2 dm. longis; laminis 
biternatis aut triternatis, glabris, glaucis; petiolulis 1—4 cm. longis; foliolis 
distinctis, 1.5—2.5 cm. longis, 1—2.5 cm. latis, cuneatis, lobatis; foliis 
superioribus aliquanto reductis, illis inflorescentie ad bracteas reductis, 
simplicibus aut paucilobatis; caulibus ramosis; floribus nutantibus ; sepalis 
7—8 mm. longis, porrectis, elliptico-ovatis, cum marginibus rubidis, ciliatis ; 
laminis petalorum subflavis, subtruncatis, 3 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis; cal- 
caribus flavo-rubidis, rectis, 13—15 mm. longis; staminibus flavis, 5—13 
mm. longis; antheris 1 mm. longis, flavis; stylis circa 8 mm. longis ; ovariis 
glanduloso-puberulentibus ; folliculis circa 15 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. crassis; 
seminibus brunneis. 

Perennial herb, the stems several, ascending, 4—6 dm. high, glabrous 
and glaucous through most of their length; basal and lower leaves on peti- 
oles 1—2 dm. long, glabrous, their blades biternate or triternate, glabrous, 
glaucous on both surfaces but more strongly so beneath, petiolules glabrous, 
up to 4 cm. long, those of the second order very fine; leaflets more or less 
completely separate, mostly 1.5—2.5 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. wide, cuneate, 
mostly divided into two portions, each of which is again more shallowly 
incised with 2 or 3 short obtuse to rounded lobes, upper cauline leaves 
somewhat reduced, those of the inflorescence becoming simple or few-lobed 
leafy bracts; stems openly branched above, each ultimate branchlet 5—12 
cm. long, glandular-puberulent and ending in a nodding flower; flower 
2.5—3 cm. long from tips of spurs to tips of stamens; sepals 7—8 mm. long, 
spreading, reddish on the margin, greenish yellow in the center, elliptic- 
ovate, acutish, ciliate; lamina of petals lemon-yellow, rounded-truncate, 
slightly notched, 3 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, spurs yellowish-red, straight, 
13—15 mm. long, swollen at the ends, quite glabrous, slightly divergent; 
stamens yellow, 5—13 mm. long, anthers 1 mm. long, yellow; styles about 
8 mm. long, ovaries glandular-puberulent; follicles about 15 mm. long, 
1.5 mm. thick; seeds brown. 


Type, Munz No. 14687, June 3, 1937, from plant grown at 
Claremont, California, from rosette taken in October, 1935, from 
Keystone Spring, New York Mts., eastern Mohave Desert, Cali- 


JANUARY, 1938] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 67 


Explanation of Plate. Aquilegia mohavensis Munz: 1, leaf; 2, follicles; 
3, flower. Petalonyx Gilmanii Munz: 4, branch; 5, sepal; 6, petal 


68 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __[VOL. II, NO. 5 


fornia (Pomona College Herbarium No. 228,694; isotypes at 
California Academy, Gray Herbarium, University of California). 

The proposed species would fall in the Rhodanthe of Pay- 
son’s revision (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 138,—1918). In 
the key there proposed, it would not fall easily into either group: 
those with “Sepals horizontally spreading or reflexed, usually 
equaling or exceeding spurs,” or those with “Sepals slightly 
spreading or erect, shorter than the spurs,’’ since it has sepals 
horizontally spreading and shorter than the spurs. If in the first 
group it would come with those with distinct lamina, but differs 
from them (A. wawawensis, A. formosa and subspecies, and 
A. Shockleyi) by its decidedly smaller flowers and glabrous 
narrow leaflets. Of these, it would seem to be nearest to A. wawa- 
wensis, but has spreading, not reflexed sepals and sepals distinctly 
shorter than the spurs. From the second group in Payson’s key 
(A. canadensis, A. elegantula, A. desertorum, A. rubicunda, 
A. triternata, and A. Skinner1) it differs by the more spreading 
sepals and smaller flowers. In flower-size it seems nearest to 
A. rubicunda, but that plant is described as viscid-puberulent 
throughout, instead of glabrous and glaucous, and has glabrous 
instead of pubescent ovaries. 

Aquilegia formosa Fisch. var. czlifax (Payson) Munz, 
comb. nov. A. formosa subsp. celifax Payson, I. c., 144. This 
plant of the Charleston Mts. and adjacent Nevada grows in the 
Panamint Mts. of Inyo Co., California, in Thorndyke’s Canyon 
at 7400 ft., near the upper end of Wildrose Canyon, Munz 
No. 14858. . 

STREPTANTHUS CORDATUS Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 1:77 
(1838). In Southern California known heretofore from the New 
York Mts. It occurs also in the Panamint Mts.: Thorndyke’s, 
Wildrose Canyon, at 7000 ft., Munz No. 14845; and in Wood 
Canyon at 6000 ft., M@. French Gilman No. 2479. 

CAULANTHUS GLAUCUS Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 364 
(1882). Previously reported from Nevada, and in California 
from Bishop and the White Mts. Collected in the Grapevine 
Mts., Death Valley, at 6000 ft., M. French Gilman No. 2518 
and 2520. 

PsoRALEA CALIFORNICA Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 12:251 
(1877). Known in Southern California from Mt. Pifios and the 
San Bernardino Mts. ; also from Baja California. Locally abun- 


oO 


JANUARY, 1938] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 69 


dant in the public camp ground at Nightingale’s, on the Palms to 
Pines Highway at about 4000 ft., Santa Rosa Mts., Riverside 
Co., Munz No. 15104. 


ASTRAGALUS BRAUNTONII Parish, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
2:26 (1903). There has been some question as to the habitat of 
this species of which very few herbarium specimens exist. On 
May 10, 1937, Mr. Rupert Barneby wrote me as follows: “There 
are two very fine stands of this magnificent species on firebreaks 
above Santa Monica. It is a robust five-foot perennial with 
(in older plants) a thick woody trunk, from which the year’s 
flowering branches rise. It appears to prefer the very driest 
situations.” 

ASTRAGALUS MALACUs Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7 : 336 (1868). 
Known heretofore in California from Owens Valley northward 
and from adjacent Nevada. Collected on dry limestone hills 
about five miles south of Barnwell, eastern Mohave Desert, San 
Bernardino Co., California, at 4500 ft., May 4, 1935, Munz 
No. 13711. 


Petalonyx Gilmanii Munz, spec. nov. Tab. I, fig. 46. Frutex ramo- 
sus et cinereus usque ad 1 m. altus et latus; caulibus junioribus pilosis, cum 
capillis mollibus et 0.5—1 mm. longis; foliis sessilibus, deltoideo-ovatis, 
subintegris, undulatis, subcordatis, pilosis; foliis przcipuis 10—20 mm. 
longis, 8—13 mm. latis ; superioribus 4—7 mm. longis ; spicis densis, sessili- 
bus, 1—3 cm. longis; bracteis subcordatis, sessilibus, 4—6.5 mm. longis, 
pubescentibus; sepalis membranaceis, lanceolato-linearibus, 2 mm. longis, 
pubescentibus ; petalis albis, 3—4 mm. longis, unguiculis tubulatis, 1.5—2 
mi. longis, partibus extensis triangularibus ; staminibus 5 mm. longis; stylis 
6 mm. longis; capsulis cylindraceis, dense pubescentibus, 2 mm. longis. 


Diffusely branched cinereous shrub, apparently rounded and up to 1 m. 
tall and broad; young stems densely spreading-pilose, the hairs up to 
1 mm. long and fairly soft ; leaves sessile, deltoid-ovate, subentire but some- 
what wavy, subcordate at the base, somewhat elongate-acute to obtuse at 
apex, pilose above and below, the hairs below somewhat stiffer than those 
above, those of the margins quite stiff, making a scabrous margin; leaves 
of main branches 10—20 mm. long, 8—13 mm. wide; those of finer upper 
branches reduced, 4—7 mm. long and about as wide; spikes dense, not 
peduncled, 1—3 cm. long, the bracts subcordate, sessile, 4—6.5 mm. long, 
greenish when young, straw-colored in age, rather thin, stiff-pubescent ; 
sepals membranous, lance-linear, 2 mm. long, pubescent; petals white, 
3—4 mm. long, pubescent without, the tube-like claws connivent, scarcely 
2 mm. long, the spreading triangular portion 1.5—2 mm. long; stamens 
all fertile, 5 mm. long, anthers about 0.6 mm. wide; styles 6 mm. long; cap- 
sules cylindrical, densely pubescent, about 2 mm. long. 


70 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 5 


Type from Ryan Wash, Death Valley, Inyo Co., California, 
at 1500 ft. altitude, May 20, 1937, M. French Gilman No. 1568, 
Pomona College Herbarium No. 228,696; isotype fragment at 
California Academy of Sciences. 

Differentiated from P. nitidus and P. Parryi, both of which 
it resembles in its broad, sessile, subcordate leaves, as well as by 
the much smaller flowers and longer and finer hairs. It differs 
from P. Thurberi in the more upright habit with the general 
appearance of having more slender growth, by the finer hair, by 
the broader and more entire leaves, and by the smaller flowers 
with shorter stamens. It differs from P. linearis, with which it 
agrees in the small size of the flowers, by the more triangular 
leaves and smaller floral bracts, and from P. crenatus by the 
smaller flowers and wider connivent petals. It is a pleasure to 
dedicate this species to its discoverer, Mr. French Gilman, who 
has in recent years done much to add to our knowledge of the 
plants of the Death Valley region. 


NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS—II 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


In that rugged and mountainous region of the South Coast 
Ranges in southern San Benito County and adjacent Monterey 
County in California, there is to be found a variety of Arcto- 
staphylos glauca Lindl. which seems worthy of recognition. In 
typical A. glauca, all parts are glabrous, but in the variety here 
indicated, the young stems, leaves, and bracts and branches of 
the inflorescence are more or less finely hairy. The distinctions 
may appear trivial, but, when considered in the line of criteria 
used to distinguish entities in Arctostaphylos, they are sufficiently 
important. Moreover, the variety would appear to have geo- 
graphic significance, correlated perhaps with certain elements of 
desert origin to be found in the region. 


Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. var. puberula J. T. Howell, var. nov. 
A specie differt: ramis foliis et inflorescentiz bracteis ramulisque pubes- 
centia brevi velutina vestitis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 188525, collected by the 
writer on Sept. 7, 1931, 4 miles northwest of Hernandez, San 
Benito County, California. Other collections which have been 


JANUARY, 1938] | NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS yx! 


seen are: Bear Valley and the Pinnacles, Dr. C. Hart Merriam; 
14 miles northwest of Priest Valley on Lewis Creek, Monterey 
County, L. S. Rose No. 36293, Eastwood & Howell No. 2480. 


4 z, 7 


A near relative of the rare and very local Cirsium fontinale 
(Greene) Jepson has recently been found near San Luis Obispo, 
California, about 200 miles to the south of the only known station 
for C. fontinale. The situation where the southern thistle grows 
is quite similar to the restricted habitat of the northern: around 
seepages or springs in moist or wet clay soil overlaying serpen- 
tine. The southern plant was found on the more gentle slopes 
and terraces which extend up to the rugged mountains of serpen- 
tine about the headwaters of Chorro Creek. Certain differences 
between the northern and southern plants would indicate that the 
latter is a variety. 

The southern plant is more obviously arachnoid-tomentose, 
and the underside of the leaves is nearly white-lanate. The 
tangled woolly hairs almost or quite conceal the shorter stubby 
trichomes which impart to the pubescence of C. fontinale its 
mealy appearance. The bracts of the involucre are also some- 
what different, in the variety the middle bracts are rarely if ever 
drawn out into the slender lanceolate tips that in the species 
exceed the budding heads. Also the bracts are usually less 
pubescent in the variety than in the species. The achenes of the 
species are light brown and the rim surrounding the apical hollow 
is thin; in the variety the achenes are a trifle more turgid with 
sides more prominently angled, the color is tinged with purple, 
and the apical rim is somewhat thicker. In the species the achenes 
are smooth and in the variety they are minutely and sparsely 
roughened near the apex. 

Cirsium fontinale (Greene) Jepson var. obispoense J. T. Howell, 
var. nov. Caulibus foliisque plus minusve tomentosis, foliis sublanatis 
subter; bracteis involucri ovato-lanceolatis usque ad ovatis, subglabris; 
acheniis turgidis, minute scabris, purpurascentibus, utrimque angulatis, ora 
apice paullum crassa. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 249328, collected on a 
boggy flat near serpentine, Chorro Creek, San Luis Obispo 
County, California, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 2218, May 6, 
1936. 


72 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 5 


FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—III 
BY SUSAN G. STOKES 


Eriogonum Howellii Stokes var. subracemosum Stokes, var. nov. 
A specie differt: habitu pumilo, caulibus ligneis, ramulis inflorescentiz 
gracilimis, elongatis, racemosis, nodis ultimis ramulos minimos steriles 
ferentibus ; involucris et floribus. parvis. 

Low shrub with slender branches and divaricately branched inflores- 
cence, the year’s growth about 5 cm. long, tomentose; leaves scattered, 
lanceolate, tomentose, about 1 cm. long, margins revolute, petioles appressed 
to stem, about as long; inflorescence widely branched, common peduncle 
short, internodes about 1 cm. long or less, final divisions racemose, epi- 
dermis crusted and papillate; involucres minute, campanulate, yellowish; 
flowers pale, less than 2 mm. long, glabrous, outer segments broad, inner 
narrower. 


Type: No. 240217, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Little Colorado 
River Gorge, 17 miles west of Cameron, Coconino County, 
Arizona, collected by Kearney and Peebles, No. 12818, Sept. 26, 
1935. 

Eriogonum Howellii Stokes var. argense (Jones) Stokes, 
comb. nov. EF. sulcatum Wats. var. argense Jones, Contrib. West. 
Bot. 11:15. The specimen from the Argus Mts. is not sulcate 
but is strongly papillate. It is therefore moved to E. Howelli. 
Kerr’s No. 73, from Independence, Inyo County, California, is 
included in the var. argense. According to Mr. Wheeler, who 
examined the type for me in the Gray Herbarium, EF. sulcatum 
Wats. is sulcate and the epidermis not at all papillate. 


Eriogonum annuum Nutt. subsp. chihuahuaense Stokes, subsp. nov. 
A specie differt: foliis linearibus revolutis, 2—4 cm. longis. 

Type: No. 195924, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
M. E. Jones, Sept. 28, 1903, at Colonia Juarez, Chihuahua, 
Mexico, in the Sierra Madre Mts., at an elevation of 5200 ft. 

Eriogonum czspitosum Nutt. subsp. Douglasii (Benth.) Stokes var. 
sublineare Stokes, var. nov. A subspecie Douglasii differt : caudice fruti- 
culoso apertiore, pedunculis altioribus, foliis longioribus angustioribus. 

Low shrub with slender woody stems, twigs numerous, bearing clusters 
of narrow leaves; leaves about 2.5 cm. long when fully grown, a little 
silky-tomentose ; peduncles 1—2 cm. long, with leaf-like bracts near middle; 
involucres solitary, lobes reflexed; flowers pubescent. 


Type: No. 215024, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
J. William Thompson, No. 8256, May 21, 1932, among sage- 
brush of rim rocks, Rattlesnake Hills, Ellensburg, Kittitas 
County, Washington. 


JANUARY, 1938] TWO NEW WALLFLOWERS 73 


TWO NEW WALLFLOWERS 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Erysimum filifolium Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis viridis, simplex 
3—4 dm. altus, striatus, pubescens paucis villis furcatis; foliis filiformi- 
bus 3—10 cm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, integris vel minute dentatis ; racemis 
floralibus capitatis, racemis fructuosis elongatis, pedicellis divaricatis fili- 
formibis 5—10 mm. longis; calyce 1 mm. longo, 2 sepalis exterioribus basi 
saccatis, 4 mm. latis, 2 sepalis interioribus 2 mm. latis, apice obtusis et 
callosis, margine membranaceis; corolla primo aurantiaca in senectute 
aurea; laminis petalorum orbiculatis, 5 mm. diametro, unguiculis margi- 
natis, 1 cm. longis; antheris sagittatis, filamentis planis ; capsulis immaturis 
4-angulatis, scabro-pubescentibus, stigmate lato sessili. 


Biennial or winter annual from a slender tap-root, stem bright green, 
simple, 3 or more dm. high, ribbed, pubescence scanty, of flat 2-branched 
hairs; leaves filiform 3—10 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, entire or with 
scattered minute teeth; racemes in flower densely capitate, in fruit elongat- 
ing with filiform spreading pedicels 5—10 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. 
long, 2 outer sepals saccate at base, 4 mm. broad, 2 inner 2 mm. broad, with 
a darker obtuse thickened apex, margin membranous; corolla at first 
orange becoming yellow, petals with orbicular blade 5 mm. across, taper- 
ing to a membranously margined claw 1 cm. long; stamens with sagittate 
anthers and flat filaments; immature pods 4-sided, rough-pubescent, with 
broad sessile stigmas. 


Type: No. 77723, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 1, 
1914, at Glenwood, Santa Cruz Co., California, by the late 
Honorable Horace Davis. 


It differs most noticeably from other species or varieties of 
Erysimum in the simple stems and filiform leaves. Another 
specimen which seems to be similar is from the collection of 
A. D. Elmer, No. 5034, collected at Mocho Creek, Alameda Co., 
California. It also has the large flowers, simple stems, filiform 
leaves, and the petiole bases of dead leaves at the base of the stem. 


Erysimum moniliforme Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis basi et supra 
ramosus, circa 5 dm. altus, pallido-viridis, striatus, pubescens villis fur- 
catis appressis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis, 4—5 cm. longis, 5—8 mm. latis, 
integris vel foliis infimis pauci-dentatis, apice acutis et callosis; racemis 
ramos terminantibus, in fructibus elongatis, capsulis sparsis, pedicellis gra- 
cilibus, 3—5 mm. longis; calyce circa 1 cm. longo, sepalis exterioribus basi 
saccatis, apice acuminatis, 2 mm. latis, interioribus angustioribus, apice 
obtusis; corolla citrina; petalorum laminis orbicularibus, 6 mm. latis, un- 
guiculis marginatis, 1 cm. longis, capsulis gracilibus divaricatis, 8 cm. 
longis, submoniliformibus, apice attenuatis ad stylum crassum, stigmate 
lato, vix 2-lobato ; seminibus oblongis, 4mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, apice alatis, 
cotyledonibus accumbentibus. 


74. LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. II, NO. 5 


Biennial or winter annual from a tap-root, stems branching from the 
base and above, about 5 dm. high, pale green throughout, somewhat striate, 
pubescence of flat appressed 2-branched hairs; leaves linear-lanceolate, 
entire or with a few teeth on the basal leaves, 4—5 cm. long, 5—8 mm. wide, 
acute and callous-tipped; racemes terminating each branch, lengthening in 
fruit with scattered pods, pedicels.slender, 3—5 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. 
long, outer sepals saccate at base, 2 mm. wide, apex acuminate, inner 
narrower with obtuse apex; corolla yellow, blade of petals orbicular, 6 mm. 
wide, claw margined, 1 cm. long; pods slender, submoniliform, divaricate, 
spreading, some 8 cm. long, tapering to a stout style, tipped by a broad 
stigma indistinctly 2-lobed; seeds in one row, oblong, 4 mm. long, 1 mm. 
wide, tipped with a wing 1 mm. long, cotyledons accumbent. 


Type: No, 139529, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the 
author at Alcalde, Fresno Co., California, April 1, 1926, 
No. 13569. Also collected in Oil Canyon, Fresno Co., March 18, 
1931, by J. T. Howell, No. 5850; and by Eastwood and Howell 
in the Temblor Range above the Carrizo Plains, No. 4113, 
April 29, 1937. 

It differs from other species or varieties in the slender pods 
somewhat constricted between the oblong seeds and the prevail- 
ingly entire leaves. The lemon-yellow flowers and branching 
habit differentiate it from EF. californicum Greene, the type 
locality of which is Mt. Diablo where conditions are dissimilar 
to the almost desert localities where this is found. 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—II 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


No. 150. AstracALus SoNNEANUS Greene. A. Hookeri- 
anus (T. & G.) Gray, non Dietr. The specimen from Leningrad 
represents part of the original collection and is in fruit. In Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. there was no specimen which corresponded 
exactly with the Douglas specimen which was originally col- 
lected in the “interior of Oregon, probably near the Rocky Moun- 
tains,” but those plants from northern California which are 
referred to Astragalus siskiyouensis (Rydb.) Thompson seemed 
to be nearest. The following notes were taken from Douglas’ 
collection : leaflets broadly oblanceolate to linear-oblong, 1.5 x 5 
mm. to 3 x 8 mm., obtuse to acute, strigellous-pubescent ; pod 
oblanceolate-obovate, to 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse, 
narrowed at base into a short stipe 3 mm. long. 


JANUARY, 1938] | COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ PLANTS 75 


It is to be regretted that this plant, which was originally 
described as Phaca Hookeriana, must, in Astragalus bear a name 
carrying neither historic nor geographic connotation. By those 
who do not follow the specific segregation proposed by Rydberg 
for this group, our plant would be called A. Whitneyi Gray var. 
Sonneanus (Greene) Jepson (FI. Calif. 2: 347). 

No. 148. AsTRAGALUS STENOPHYLLUS T. & G. The speci- 
men from Leningrad carried flowers and very young fruit. 

No. 151. AstTRAGALUS SUCCUMBENS Dougl. ex Hook. With 
the original description, Hooker cites two places where Douglas 
collected this species, “‘on the barren grounds of the Columbia, 
and near the Wallawallah River” (Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:151). It 
is not known with which of the collections the specimen from 
Russia corresponds. In nearly all of the material of A. suc- 
cumbens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., the leaflets are obovate and 
rounded or retuse at the apex, but in the Douglas collection the 
leaflets are conspicuously acute or mucronulate. This character 
found correspondence in part of M. E. Jones’ collection of 1902 
from Umatilla, Oregon: part of the collection has leaflets broader 
and rotund-obtuse, part corresponding most nearly to the Douglas 
plant has leaflets frequently tapering to more or less pointed tips. 
At the appropriate season, the “barrens of the Columbia” are 
still beautified by the masses of attractive light pink flowers of 
this species (cf. Eastwood & Howell No. 3489). 

No. —. KENTROPHYTA IMPENSA (Sheldon) Rydb. This is 
undoubtedly the plant reported by Torrey and Gray as K. mon- 
tana Nutt. in T. & G. (Fl. N. Amer. 1: 694). It still remains 
too little known. (Cf. St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 219.) The label 
was one of the few which carried no number, but in all other 
respects was like the labels of the northwestern plants. 

No. 149. Lupinus ornatus Dougl. ex Lindl. This lupine, 
abundant through the desert borders of the Columbian region, 
is noted in the original description from several locations where 
Douglas found it (Bot. Reg. tab. 1216). It is not possible to 
say to which of Douglas’ collections the specimen from Leningrad 
belongs and in the herbarium it was found in general to compare 
favorably with the specimens passing under this name. The 
Douglas specimen, which carries buds, flowers, and very young 
fruits, however, does not agree well with the plate which ac- 


76 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 5 


companies the original description, probably because the drawing 
was taken from cultivated plants. 

In C. P. Smith’s key to the genus in Oregon, L. ornatus is 
distinguished by “banner usually pubescent on the back” (Contr. 
Dudley Herb. 1:14), but in the Douglas collection the banner 
is glabrous except for a few hairs along the median line. The 
keel is ciliate along its entire length or almost to the tip. The 
inflorescence is borne on a short peduncle and is rather closely 
subtended by the upper leaves. 

No. 155. Lupwicia patustris (L.) Ell. This species is 
in Fl. Bor. Amer. (1: 215) as Jsnardia but Hooker does not cite 
Douglas’ collection. 

No. 165. GENTIANA CALYcoSA Griseb. in Hook. Although 
Grisebach was the first to study and report on certain collections 
of Gentiana made by Douglas, he does not record having seen 
Douglas’ collection of this species. 

No. 146. GiILiaA MINUTIFLORA Benth. in DC. The Russian 
specimen of the type collection of Gilia minutiflora found a good 
match in Suksdorf’s collection from Bingen, Washington, 
No. 7146. 

No. 169. LinaNTHUs BICOLOR (Nutt.) Greene. Neither in 
his treatment of Douglas’ Californian collections of Polemom- 
acee in 1833 (Bot. Reg. sub tab. 1622) nor in his review of the 
family in 1845 (DC. Prodr. 9:302—322) does Bentham treat 
of this plant which was not described until even later by Nuttall 
in 1847 (Journ. Phila. Acad. n. ser. 1: 156). 

No. 167. NAVARRETIA INTERTEXTA (Benth.) Hook. Doug- 
las’ collection appeared to match in every detail of habit, leaves, 
inflorescence, and pubescence the specimen in Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. collected by E. Hall on Silver Creek,® Oregon, No. 421. 
Since it was from plants collected by Douglas that the species 
was originally described, an effort was made to determine if these 
Douglas specimens were a part of the type collection, because 
the specimens of Douglas and of Hall are more or less different 
from most of the Californian plants which pass as N. intertexta. 

Localities for the Douglas collection or collections of this 
species differ in the literature. In his original description of 


6 Both Prof. M. E. Peck at Willamette University and Prof. A. R. 
Sweetser at the University of Oregon believe that Hall’s “Silver Creek” is 
the one in Marion County which flows down the west slope of the Cascade 
Mts. into the Willamette River. An Academy specimen of Allocarya which 
bears Hall’s number 407 was collected at Silverton, Marion County, and 
substantiates this opinion. Prof. Peck writes that ‘‘the Navarretia ... is 
common along the eastern slope of the Willamette Valley.” 


a a? a 


JANUARY, 1938] COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ PLANTS ra 


4: gochloa intertexta, Bentham cites “California and North-West 
America Douglas” (Bot. Reg. sub tab. 1622). At the time 
Hooker reduces Bentham’s genus to Navarretia, the location for 
the only collection cited is “New Albion, N. W. America. 
Douglas” (F1. Bor. Amer. 2:75). And in Bentham’s treatment 
of the Polemoniacee in 1845, again only a single collection is 
given, this time, “in herbidis ad flum. Multaomah in America 
boreali-occid. (Douglas!)” (DC. Prodr. 9: 310). 

From this it would seem that only a single collection of this 
Navarretia was eventually considered typical of the species, the 
one from Oregon. If, however, there is a Californian collection 
by Douglas in Herbarium Benthamianum at Kew, that specimen 
must be considered by the one who at length rules on the typifi- 
cation of the species since “California” is first cited in the original 
description. 

Until a really detailed study is made, it cannot be stated how 
considerable are the differences between the plants of California 
and Oregon now referred to the species. It may be that the 
apparent differences will never deserve taxonomic recognition, 
in which case no great importance will be attached to the question 
of type locality. But in any case, from the view of studies corre- 
lating geographic distribution and evolutionary tendencies, the 
problem should be solved by a critical examination of the original 
specimen or specimens at Kew. 

No. 168. OREOCARYA LEUCOPH#A (Dougl. ex Hook.) 
Greene. So close was the agreement between the original col- 
lection made by Douglas and that made by Eastwood and Howell 
in 1936, the two might easily have come from the identical sandy 
wastes and “arid barrens” along the Columbia River. Eastwood 
& Howell No. 3520 was collected from wind-swept dunes near 
Paterson Ferry, Morrow County, Oregon. 

No. 170. PENstemMon Douctasi1 Hook. The fruiting 
specimen of the Douglas collection from the Russian Academy 
adequately represents the original collection of this Penstemon 
which is treated as a subspecies of P. fruticosus (Pursh) Greene 
by Pennell and Keck (in herb.). 

No. 171. PENstemon GarrpDNERI Hook. The original col- 
lection of this species, also in fruit, found close correspondence 
in habit and leaves with Henderson’s collection made near Prairie 
City, Grant County, Oregon, No. 5502. 


78 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __[VOL. Il, NO. 5 


NEW RECORDS OF NOTEWORTHY NORTH- 
WESTERN PLANTS 


BY WALTER J. EYERDAM 
Seattle, Washington 


SAXIFRAGA OPPOSITIFOLIA L. In Alaska I have collected this 
pretty alpine plant on Mitrofania Island (June, 1928) and at 
Unalaska, Unalaska Island (June, 1932). At the latter locality, 
about a mile from the village, on the east shore of Illuliak Bay, 
I found very old plants on the frost-cracked, disintegrating top 
of a sea cliff that were over two feet square. There are several 
transitional forms and this one approaches subsp. asiatica 
(v. Hayck) Engl. & Irmisch., but it is not the same. 

In the Olympic Mountains, I have taken this species on 
May 30, 1936, on Mt. Angeles and on August 11, 1937, on Mt. 
Elinor at about 4500 ft. elevation. On July 27, 1935, I collected 
this species at 5000 ft. elevation in rock crevices between Silver 


Lake and Twin Lakes, Monte Cristo district, Snohomish Co., ° 


Washington. 

CAKILE EDENTULA (Bigel.) Hook. var. cALIFoRNICA (Heller) 
Fern. In 1936 Eric Hultén reported this plant as new to the 
flora of Alaska in his account of “New or Notable Species from 
Alaska—Contributions to the Flora of Alaska I’ (Svensk Bot. 
Tids. 30: 522). The report was based on two of my collections 
from Kodiak Island: Three Saints Bay, August 5, 1931, No. 525; 
and, Old Harbor, September 11, 1931, No. 640. I have included 
the Alaskan report of this plant, which ranges far to the south, 
because the journal in which it is published is not generally 
accessible to most students of western botany. 


BoTANICAL ITINERARY OF Marcus E. Jones. There have 
been deposited manuscript-copies of a journal, giving in some 
detail the collecting itinerary of the late Marcus E. Jones, in the 
libraries of Gray Herbarium, United States National Herbarium, 
California Academy of Sciences, and Pomona College. Botanists 
having difficulty with the place names used by Mr. Jones on his 
locality labels will be able by consulting this journal to find the 
approximate location of such places through reference to dates 
involved. The journal covers the years from 1875 to 1919.— 
P. A. Munz. 


a 


a 


JANUARY, 1938] A NEW MIMULUS 79 


A NEW MIMULUS 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Mimulus cleistogamus J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Humilis, compactus, 
0.7—3 cm. altus, 1—3 cm. latus, undique paullum glanduloso-pilosus, glandi- 
bus capitatis, caulibus et ramis brevissimis et rigidis; foliis linearibus ad 
oblongo-oblanceolatis vel subovatis, usque ad 2.5 cm. longis et 7 mm. latis, 
obtusis vel subacutis, infra ad petiolum brevem et latum attenuatis ; floribus 
sub anthesi circa 2 mm. longis, corolla calyce septa, post anthesin calyce 
et ovario magnopere accrescenti; calyce fructifero 6—8 mm. longo, denti- 
bus inzqualibus, obliquis, basi multum gibboso supra, costis et dentibus 
viridibus, tubo calycis sub sinibus scarioso; fructu oblique ovoideo, rigide 
coriaceo; seminibus anguste obovatis, sparse lepidotis, apice proximo 
apiculato. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 243436, collected May 3, 
1937, on an open hillside 14 miles west of Panoche near the head 
of the Tres Pinos Creek Canyon, San Benito County, where 
plants were locally common in fine gravelly clay soil, Eastwood 
& Howell No. 4267. 

When this extraordinary little Mimulus was collected, the 
whole plant seemed to be made up entirely of a few divergent 
fruits and their subtending leaves since the tiny cleistogamous 
flowers and the very short stems were quite hidden. So in- 
conspicuous was the whole thing it would probably have been 
entirely overlooked if it were not growing closely associated with 
Gnothera graciliflora H. & A., the condensed subglobose fruiting 
specimens of which were being collected when the Mimulus was 
detected. But when once examined, the unique character of the 
little plant was recognized—a monkey-flower without a face! 

However, by dissection of a young flower under considerable 
magnification and with proper illumination the corolla of a 
Mimulus can be seen, and the minute stamens and pistil are 
visible within the tiny flower if it is opened at the time of anthesis 
or just before. After anthesis the corolla and stamens form a 
tight withered knot that is carried upward as a little cap on the 
beak of the greatly accrescent fruit. The fruit is rigid and boney- 
cartilaginous and the seeds bear scattered scurfy processes on 
the otherwise smooth coats. 

The character of the fruit and seed definitely relates this 
little Mimulus to M. Douglasii, M. modestus, M. tricolor and 
others which Dr. A. L. Grant groups together in Gray’s section 


80 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 5 


CEnoe. So different from all, however, is M. cleistogamus that 
a new section is here proposed to receive it, section Cleisanthus.* 


NOTES ON CAREX—XII 
BY J. W. STACEY 

A new record for California is Carex microptera Mackenzie. 
This species was collected recently by J. T. Howell on the South 
Fork of Salmon River, 5000 ft., Siskiyou County (No. 13252) 
and at Big Flat, Trinity County (No. 13573). Both of these 
numbers are in the herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences. Hitherto its known range was from Alberta to Wash- 
ington, southward to Utah, Nevada and Oregon. Its presence in 
northern California was to be expected. Its closest relative is 
Carex festivella Mackenzie, from which it may readily be differ- 
entiated by the more echinate appearance of the heads, by the 
lighter colored scales, and by the narrower perigynia. 

iw, 7 7 

Carex specifica Bailey was collected on Mt. Rose, Nevada, 
by Lewis S. Rose (No. 37626). This is a new record for Nevada 
as the species has been previously found only in California. 

ff v 7? 

Over sixty years ago Bolander collected a Carex near Mendo- 
cino City which was named by Olney Carex mendocinensis. 
Only one collection of this species has been known for all of this 
time (Bolander No. 4701). Miss Alice Eastwood, J. T. Howell, 
and I visited the region near Mendocino City May 30, 1937, to 
rediscover, if possible, this rare species. We were unable to find 
it, but the next day it was found in a swamp near Point Arena, 
Mendocino County (Eastwood, Howell & Stacey No. 4466). 
Growing with it were Carex californica Bailey, C. debiliformis 
Mackenzie, C. salineformis Mackenzie, C. gynodynama Olney, 
C. sub-bracteata Mackenzie, C. luzulina Olney, C. obnupta Bailey, 
and C. phyllomanica W. Boott. 

w, 7 vf 

Carex spissa L. H. Bailey was collected by Eastwood and 
Howell (No. 2217) at Chorro Creek, San Luis Obispo County, 
California. This has not been reported before, as far as the 
writer knows, from farther north than Los Angeles County. 

* Mimulus sect. Cleisanthus J. T. Howell, sect. nov. Pedicellis brevis- 


simis ; floribus minimis, cleistogamis, corolla calyce breviore ; capsula rigida, 
cartilaginea ; placentis separatis ; seminibus subobovatis, sparse lepidotis. 


= 


ores 
& 


Vo. II No. 6 oF wa 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
The Perennial Lupines of California—I . . . .... 81 
Y Axice EAstwoop 
' Interesting Western Plants—II . ........ 87 
, Puitie A. Munz 
; NE BP TES hs a Meee at eee ee tee 
: J. W. Stacey 
4 The Tobacco Collected by Archibald Menzies on the 
3 Northwest Coast of America . . ...... . 92 
Auice Eastwoop 
A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants . . . 94 
JoHN THomas Howe. 
A Botanical Visit to the Vancouver Pinnacles . . . . . 97 
JoHN THomas Howe. 
sowo New Scrophulariacee . . ....+ =. +... 104 


ALIcE EAstwoop 


This number published with funds from the 
California Botanical Club 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Apri 16, 1938 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bort. 


NSU LIU DUA 


INCHES 


PCO TORT ELSA ELS YL Pe 


METRIC 


Owned and published by 


Axice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas HoweLi 


APRIL, 1938] PERENNIAL LUPINES OF CALIFORNIA 81 


THE PERENNIAL LUPINES OF CALIFORNIA—I 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Although the annual species of Californian lupines have been 
studied by C. Piper Smith and the results of his investigations 
published in several papers, very little has been done among the 
more difficult perennial lupines. In Jepson’s Flora of California 
vol. 2, pt. 3, pp. 246—283, synonyms are made of plants described 
as species, without any explanation of the characters by which 
their authors differentiated them. In the series of articles which 
the author proposes to publish from time to time, the original 
descriptions will be carefully studied and the types when possible. 
When in England in 1911, the author took photographs and made 
notes on the types in the Lindley Herbarium at Cambridge, the 
Royal Herbarium at Kew, and the British Museum Herbarium 
at South Kensington. 


The species will be in groups, some groups ecological, some 
geographical, and some according to natural affinities. 


Key TO THE LuPINES GROWING NEAR THE SEACOAST OF 


CALIFORNIA 

EISEN TE ERED Sh hn a een NESE EORE A NEE RO OR eS OT 2 
I UR es Lerectnehin wdmanpcnpmansomoncntiroges 5 
ERG ea ee eR L. arboreus Sims 
EE SS Ee ae ee 3 
IE” NUON, SUNG age srinreesteceereva rnveanerescenerwencoboree 4 
3. Pubescence not silvery.................-...:000..c0.00 L. rivularis Dougl. ex Lindl. 
ET EDLY: REL e Ge AER Bi SLES a L. Chamissonis Esch. 
ET EY SAS RE RE SEE aoe 1 ne L. albifrons Benth. 
5. Flowers large, almost 15 mm. long and wide, varicolored and 

OSIRIS Eat OP Sa SE AE a SO a eee 6 
5. Flowers smaller, generally sand-binders..................-.-s---s-cececeseceeeseeeseceeeeneee 7 
6. Pubescence silvery appressed........................:--csececeeseeee L. variicolor Steud. 
I er csc sae veseninnatencivascosene L. eximius Davy 
7. Flowers generally verticillate, showy; plants decumbent....................-. 8 
7. Flowers verticillate or congested, not showy; plants prostrate............ 9 
TE), a a TR L. littoralis Doug]. ex Lindl.* 
ES LE I EET TE .L. Micheneri Greene 
DENT RESCOTIOE AUT OSSE ooo cnc <n sn ccosescsenonsotssevernennscnse L. Tidestromii Greene 
EET DS SOS EES REGAN REE COED REERE AP Oe OER L. Laynee Eastw. 


* Lupinus lignipes Heller is not known, but comes near L. littoralis. The 
type is from near Eugene, Oregon. Heller identifies it with Californian plants 
from Mendocino City, Mendocino Co., and from Crescent City, Del Norte Co, 


Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. LI, pp. 81-104, April 16, 1938. 


sete oF NPS 
mY AiG a4 
GALZOeD. 


82 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


LUPINUS ARBOREUS Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 682 (1803). This is 
the yellow bush lupine, common along the coast of California 
from Del Norte Co. to Santa Barbara Co. The native country 
was unknown when the description and plate were published, 
drawn from nursery specimens in a greenhouse. The author 
states that he had seen it in a sheltered place as a large shrub, 
growing in the open in the Botanic Garden at Oxford and fruiting 
abundantly. 


When in San Francisco on Vancouver’s Voyage in the 
Discovery, Archibald Menzies collected it in fruit, probably in 
the region around the Presidio. Hooker and Arnott, in Botany 
of Capt. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 138 (1841), not identifying it 
with L. arboreus, named Menzies’ specimen L. macrocarpus. 
Since Vancouver was in San Francisco in 1792, it seems not 
unlikely that the seeds were from Menzies’ collection. The bushes 
often retain their pods long after the seeds are ripe. It is culti- 
vated in New Zealand to hold the dunes along the coast and was 
one of the most valuable plants used for the same purpose in the 
early development of Golden Gate Park. 


LuPINus RIvuLARIS Dougl. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1595 
(1833). This beautiful bushy lupine generally grows on mari- 
time hills, but at Santa Barbara and other places along the coast 
it is sometimes found closer to the shore. It is a conspicuous 
plant on the coastal hills of Marin County and ranges from 
southern Oregon to Santa Barbara. It somewhat resembles 
L. arboreus but differs in the purple and white flowers, smaller 
pods, and different pubescence. Fischer and Meyer named it 
L. arboreus var. odoratissimus in Ind. Sem. St. Peters. 10: 5891. 

Under the impression that it is not the plant named by 
Douglas in manuscript, Dr. E. L. Greene gave it the name of 
L. propinquus, Eryth. 2: 126 (1893). Dr. W. L. Jepson in his 
Flora of California 2, pt. 3: 259, goes into a lengthy discussion 
to prove the same. The brief description from Douglas mss. 
quoted by Lindley is quite indefinite and does not differentiate 
L. rivularis from L. latifolius Agardh, the species supposed to 
be the one named by Douglas. Agardh, who knew both from the 
specimens in Lindley’s Herbarium, places them in different sec- 
tions. The two could never be confused by anyone familiar with 
both. Lindley’s beautiful illustration and lively description dispel 
all doubt as to L. rivularis being the showy plant of the coast. 


APRIL, 1938] PERENNIAL LUPINES OF CALIFORNIA 83 


“In some respects this is even a better species for Gardens 
than L. polyphyllus; for, if less stately, it is more gay in its 
appearance, and a longer flowerer. The diversity of colours in 
the petals no doubt contributes very much to this effect, which 
is increased by its loose, but not straggling, mode of growth.” 
Quotation is from Lindley’s description. 

Even if the plant named by Douglas, but never published by 
him, should be L. latifolius Agardh, nevertheless, the plant actu- 
ally described and illustrated is the one to which the name belongs 
or descriptions and illustrations are of no value. Agardh saw 
Douglas’ specimen of L. rivularis in Lindley’s Herbarium as well 
as Douglas’ specimen which he named L. Jatifolius. Nobody 
knowing both, could ever confuse them. 


Lupinus CHAMISSONIS Esch., Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 288 
(1826). Eschscholtz named this plant in memory of his dearly 
beloved boyhood companion, Dr. Adelbert Chamisso: “nomen 
in memoriam amicissimi in teneris consortis Dr. Adel. Chamisso.” 
It was collected “in arenosis maritimis ad portum St. Francisco, 
nove Californie.” 

This is the common maritime blue-flowered shrubby lupine 
with the silvery silky leaves. It grows on the sea sands from 
Bodega Bay to Los Angeles. At Kew I saw a specimen by 
Nuttall with a manuscript name from San Diego. This I noted 
as similar in all ways. It had two gall-nuts. 

LUPINUS ALBIFRONS Benth., Trans. London Hort. Soc., ser. 
2, 1:410 (1834). This becomes a maritime species on the Channel 
Islands and at Santa Barbara. These island plants resemble 
L. Chamissonis in general appearance, but the keel is ciliate and 
the flowers larger. Specimens from the islands of Santa Rosa, 
Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Catalina are in the Herbarium 
of the California Academy of Sciences, collected chiefly by Ralph 
Hoffmann. Away from the coast this is one of the most beautiful 
species. It will be taken up later in connection with its allies. 

LUPINUS VARIICOLOR Steud., Nom., ed. 2,2:78(1841). This 
was described and illustrated by Lindley as L. versicolor, Bot. 
Reg. t. 1979 (1837). The name had already been given to a 
different species, L. versicolor Sweet, and hence had to be 
changed. 

It is the beautiful, low, procumbent lupine in the Presidio, 
San Francisco, which Dr. Greene described as L. franciscanus 


84 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


Pitt. 1:64. As shown by specimens in the Herbarium of the 
California Academy of Sciences, its range is from Humboldt Co. 
to San Luis Obispo. It is always adjacent to the coast but is not 
a plant of the dunes. 

Lindley describes it as producing a great profusion of very 
fragrant flowers with colors on the same cluster between rose, 
violet, pale blue, greenish white and pink, breathing a sweet 
perfume. 

In the garden of the Horticultural Society, it was called a 
dwarf L. rivularis. The flowers are larger than in that species 
and the pubescence is silvery, silky and appressed. 


Lupinus ExImius Davy, Eryth. 3:116 (1895). This is 
similar to the preceding, differing chiefly in the shaggy pubes- 
cence. It was originally collected by J. Burtt Davy, on the highest 
ridge above Lake Pilarcitos, San Mateo Co., California, near the 
summit of the eastern slope, April 20, 1895, No. 1050. Speci- 
mens agreeing with this in the Herbarium of the California 
Academy of Sciences are from Pt. Reyes, Marin Co.; Bodega 
Pt., Sonoma Co., and in San Mateo Co. from San Pedro and 
two miles north of Pigeon Pt. 

LuPINUS LITTORALIS Dougl. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1198 
(1828). Identification of this species with coastal lupines in 
California is doubtful, since, so far as known, none have the 
somewhat spindle-shaped roots, which, at the mouth of the 
Columbia, were said to furnish food to the Indians. All have 
woody roots spreading underground and helping to hold the drift- 
ing sands. The only specimen on which the complete root is 
represented in the Herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences, is one collected near Anchor Bay, Mendocino Co., Cali- 
fornia, May 31, 1937, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4491. This 
has a woody root uniformly 5 mm. in diameter to the branching. 
From its beginning to the end of the longest rootlet it measures 
12 dm. (over a yard) in length. 

Investigation of the rooting system of plants aggregated 
under this name is essential to complete understanding. The 
part of these plants above ground agrees in general with Douglas’ 
description of the type and with a description that I made on 
Douglas’ specimen at Kew, probably the type. A similar speci- 
men from Douglas was also in the Herbarium of the British 
Museum. 


APRIL, 1938] PERENNIAL LUPINES OF CALIFORNIA 85 


The following notes were taken from Douglas’ specimen. 
Pods 2—3 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, spaces between seeds 2 mm., 
seeds 10—12, pods generally secund on the upper side of the 
trailing stems. Stems slender; spreading hairs on stipules and 
bracts ; upper surface of leaves almost glabrous, lower appressed- 
villous, hairs jointed with shorter ones mixed on stems; petioles 
slender and generally longer than leaflets; calyx narrowed at 
base, upper lip* bidentate, lower entire, both equal; banner gla- 
brous, shorter than wings which conceal the keel; wings 1 cm. 
long, 5 mm. wide; keel broad, obtuse, loosely ciliate, as long as 
wings, 3 mm. broad at widest part. It is related to L. varticolor 
Steud. but with smaller flowers, smaller pods, seeds not flattened. 
The bracts evident in the bud in L. littoralis are very slender with 
spreading hairs, those of L. variicolor are lanceolate-ovate, long, 
acuminate, and not at all filiform. 

In the herbarium at Kew, besides Douglas’ specimen, is one 
on the same sheet from Hinds; also one by Lamb, No. 1110, 
collected at Westport, Chehalis Co., Washington. In the Gray 
Herbarium, there is a specimen collected at Clatsop Beach, Ore- 
gon, by Sheldon, No. 11244, and at Astoria, Oregon, by Dr. 
Cooper. This last is more pilose than the type and perhaps is 
similar to a very hairy specimen collected at Heceta Beach, Lane 
Co., Oregon, April 14, 1934, Eastwood & Howell No. 1578, 
which might be considered a pilose variety of L. littoralis. 

Lupinus MIcHENERI Greene, Eryth. 2:119 (1894). This 
was described from living plants grown for two seasons in the 
Botanic Garden at the University of California, Berkeley, the 
living plant having been brought from Fort Bragg, Mendocino 
Co., California, in the spring of 1893 by C. Michener. It is 
related to L. littoralis in habit, but differs in more silky, silvery 
pubescence, narrower leaflets, larger flowers, less distinctly verti- 
cillate, with the banner white instead of purple. Specimens so 
characterized are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences from Mendocino City, California, collected by A. East- 
wood, June 20, 1922 (No. 11442) ; also one from six miles north 
of Bodega Bay, Sonoma County, California, collected May 31, 
1937, by Eastwood and Howell (No. 4510). It is more beautiful 
than L. littoralis because of its large white and purple flowers 
and the more silvery pubescence. Jepson, in Flora of California, 


od In Douglas’ description, both divisions of the calyx are described as 
entire. 


86 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


considers it to be a variety of L. variicolor. In habit it is more 
like L. littoralis and is apparently an intermediate species. 

Lupinus TipEstromit Greene, Eryth. 3:17 (1895). This 
grows on the sands at Pt. Pinos, Monterey, and is a slender- 
stemmed, creeping sand-binder from fleshy-fibrous yellow roots, 
with silvery silky pubescent leaves with generally five lanceolate 
leaflets. The flowers are whorled in rather short, densely flowered 
racemes on long, slender peduncles. The corolla has a white spot 
on the banner that turns red. The stipules seem to hug the stems, 
especially on the lower parts, the oldest being imbricated. In bud 
the purple tip of the keel is exserted from the wings. The pods 
are about 15 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, containing four or five flat- 
tened, slightly mottled seeds. 

Lupinus Laynez Eastwood, spec. nov. Prostratus in arena, ramosus 
ex radice lignea longa, dense sericeo-argenteus villis divaricatis et ap- 
pressis; foliolis 3—5 inzequalibus oblanceolatis, 2—2.5 cm. longis, apice 
5—7 mm. latis, obtusis et mucronatis, petiolis zequilongis foliolis, stipulis 
circa 1 cm. longis, adherentibus 5—7 mm., supra subulatis attenuatis; 
racemis brevibus in fructibus elongatis, verticillatis, pedunculis 1—4 cm. 
longis, pedicellis crassis, 3—5 mm. longis, bracteis deciduis, attenuatis, 
5—6 mm. longis; calyce 13 mm. longo, labio superiore 2-lobato, lobis 
divaricatis, 4 mm. longis, basi 2 mm. latis, labio inferiore 6 mm. lato, apice 
tridentato; vexillo suborbiculato, glabro, 6—7 mm. lato; alis 9 mm. latis, 
zequilongis vexillo; carina superante ambos, ciliata ex lato medio ad apicem 
purpureum; leguminibus 2—3 cm. longis, 6 mm. latis; seminibus circa 
sextis, suborbiculatis, brunneis. 


Type: No. 62395, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected on Pt. 
Reyes, Marin Co., California, June 5, 1886, by M. K. Curran, 
neé Layne (Katherine Brandegee). This specimen happened to 
be saved from the fire in 1906, since, with other lupines of the 
California Academy of Sciences, it was at the Gray Herbarium. 

It comes nearest to L. Tidestromiu Greene from Pt. Pinos, 
Monterey, California. It differs most noticeably in the dense, 
shaggy silvery silky pubescence covering all parts except the 
corolla, the shorter peduncles, more robust stems, calyx larger 
and completely covering the corolla in the bud and almost when 
fully out. The pod and seeds are larger and, so far as known, 
the seeds are not mottled as they are so beautifully mottled in 
L. Tidestromii. It has long, woody roots. The shaggy silvery 
silky leaves and stems creep along the dunes. The author col- 
lected the same on the north side of Pt. Reyes Peninsula, May 
13, 1923, beyond the wireless station. 


APRIL, 1938] | INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 87 


INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—II 


BY PHILIP A. MUNZ 
Pomona College, Claremont, California 

CENOTHERA LONGISSIMA Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:65 
(1913). This species of Utah, northern Arizona and southern 
Nevada was collected in damp soil at Keystone Spring, New 
York Mts., eastern San Bernardino Co., California, at 5200 ft., 
October 13, 1935, Munz No. 13860, and grown in my garden 
at Claremont, Munz No. 13908, where the hypanthia became 
8—9 cm. long and petals 3 cm. long. 

CENOTHERA DELTOIDES Torr. & Frem. var. Prpert Munz, 
Amer. Journ. Bot. 18: 314 (1931). Known previously from 
Olanche, Inyo Co., California, northward to Oregon, as well as 
from adjacent Nevada. Collected on dry gravelly slope at the 
mouth of the canyon below Keystone Spring, New York Mts., 
at 5000 ft., May 4, 1935, Munz No. 13939. 

CEnothera speciosa Nutt. var. Childsii (Bailey) Munz, 
comb. nov. CZ. tetraptera Cav. var. Childsii Bailey, Cyclop. Amer. 
Hort., 1121 (1901). G2. speciosa Nutt. var. Berlandieri (Spach) 
Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 19: 765 (1932). Xylopleurum Berlan- 
diert Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 4: 370 (1835). Other syno- 
nyms given in Amer. Jour. Bot. 19: 765. In 1932 when I pre- 
sented a revision of the subgenus Hartmanmia, I listed CZ. tetra- 
ptera var. Childsii as a synonym of G2. Kunthiana (Spach) Munz, 
I. c., 759, basing my judgment on the characters given in the 
original description. Since then, through the courtesy of Dr. L. H. 
Bailey, I have had the privilege of examining type material and 
I find it to have the peculiar fruit of G2. speciosa and to be the 
pink-flowered, slender-stemmed plant I had recognized as var. 
Berlandieri. Bailey says it is the G2. rosea mexicana Hort. It is 
widely grown in Californian gardens in various horticultural 
forms (varying in degree of prostrateness, in flower-size, in 
intensity of color, etc.) under the name of “Mexican Primrose.” 

(C£nothera dentata Cav. var. Gilmanii Munz, var. nov. Planta viscida 
cum capillis curtis, extensis, glanduliferis ; petalis 5—6 mm. longis ; capsulis 
non rostratis. 


Whole plant viscid with short spreading gland-tipped hairs; petals 
5—6 mm. long; capsule not beaked. 


Type, Bradbury Wash, Death Valley, Inyo Co., California, 
at 3000 ft., June 6, 1937, M. French Gilman No. 2587, Pomona 


88 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. II, NO. 6 


College Herbarium No. 228,697 ; isotype at California Academy 
of Sciences. A second collection from Bradbury Wash, Gilman 
No. 2588. 

Apparently a local thing of the Death Valley region, differing 
from other Californian forms in the great number of gland-tipped 
hairs. I have seen some other plants with some gland-tipped hairs 
in the inflorescence (see Munz, Bot. Gaz. 85: 260,—1928), but 
none completely covered. 

CENOTHERA SCAPOIDEA Nutt. var. sEorsA (A. Nels.) Munz, 
Amer. Journ. Bot. 15:233 (1928). Previously known from 
eastern Oregon to Wyoming and Colorado, this can now be 
reported from California, having been collected June 20, 1937, 
at 2500 ft. elevation, Furnace Creek Divide, Funeral Mts., Inyo 
Co., M. French Gilman No. 2596. 

CEnothera pallidula Munz, spec. nov. C. brevipes Gray 
var. pallidula Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 15: 229 (1928). Study 
of plants in the field and accumulation of herbarium material, 
as well as conversation with Mr. French Gilman of Death 
Valley National Monument, have caused me to consider this 
entity a distinct species. It is more or less intermediate in charac- 
ters between C2. brevipes Gray and CG. claveformis Torr. & 
Frem. I would now include under it the plants cited in the origi- 
nal varietal description and those mentioned as possible hybrids 
between brevipes and claveformis at the bottom of page 237 
and top of page 238 of above reference. Cénothera pallidula 
differs from CE. brevipes by the paler yellow of its flowers, shorter 
petals (usually 8—12 mm. long), and lack of spreading hair on 
the stems which are ashy-strigose especially on the lower parts; 
by the more slender shorter capsules (2—5 cm. long, 1—2 mm. 
thick, which in G. brevipes are 5—9 cm. long, 2—3 mm. thick) ; 
by the strigulose to subglabrous, not pilose, sepals; and by the 
hypanthium lacking a swollen structure within on each rib at the 
upper edge of the pubescence which is present in CZ. brevipes. 

Moreover, @. pallidula grows with C.. brevipes in some parts 
of its range, as in the Death Valley region, where it maintains 
its separate character. I had thought of possible hybridity for at 
least some of these plants, since they suggest both brevipes and 
claveformis and often grow with both. Mr. Gilman, however, 
has found them some miles apart and pallidula ranges farther to 
the east. Then, too, Mr. Gilman has grown them in the desert 


APRIL, 1938] TWO TRAGOPOGONS 89 


garden at Death Valley and finds there is no tendency toward any 
Mendelian segregation since all the seeds of a capsule produce 
similar plants. 

(nothera pallidula ranges from southwestern Utah to the 
eastern part of the Californian deserts (Death Valley and River- 
side Co.), while G. brevipes is found from Death Valley region 
throughout the Californian deserts to southwestern Nevada and 
western Arizona. In addition to the collections cited for CE. pal- 
lidula in 1928, I may add the following. UTAH: north of St. 
George, Cottam, Stanton & Harrison No. 4027. NEVADA: 
10 miles east of Glendale, Blood No. 4440; between Glendale 
and Bunkerville, Maguire & Blood No. 1455; 8 miles east of 
Glendale, Maguire & Blood No. 4439. CALIFORNIA: Brad- 
bury Well, Death Valley region, Munz & Hitchcock No. 10996 ; 
4 miles south of Bradbury Well, Munz & Hitchcock No. 10976; 
Death Valley, Gilman No. 2170; Tin Mt., Death Valley, Gilman 
No. 2419; Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley, April 2, 1937, 
Gilman ; Vontrigger Spring, eastern San Bernardino Co., Munz 
No. 13687. 


Of the characters mentioned in the original description, that 
of flowers drying reddish, does not hold. 


Two Tracopocons. From specimens in the Herbarium of 
the California Academy of Sciences, it would appear that two 
yellow-flowered species of Tragopogon are adventive near the 
western borders of the Great Basin in California. A fruiting 
specimen of T. pratensis L. was collected by Miss Eastwood at 
Loyalton, Sierra Co., in 1918 (No. 7932), and a flowering speci- 
men of T. dubius Scop. was collected by Eastwood and Howell 
at Weed, Siskiyou Co., in 1936 (No. 2742). Even without 
flowers or fruits the two can be distinguished by the peduncles 
which are conspicuously fistulose-dilated below the heads in 
T. dubius and which are scarcely enlarged in T. pratensis. Both 
of these species, which are natives of the Old World, have been 
reported from other sections of the United States, but I have 
found no reference to any Tragopogon from California except 
to the widespread purple-flowered Oyster Plant, T. porrifolius— 
John Thomas Howell. 


go LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


NOTES ON CAREX—XIII 


BY J. W. STACEY 


Since the publication of the genus Carex in the North Ameri- 
can Flora by Mackenzie (1931-1935), 21 species unreported 
by him are to be added to the flora of the state of Idaho. This 
large accession in such a short time is due partly to the study of 
additional specimens that probably did not reach Mackenzie, and 
partly to recent explorations and collections, in particular the 
collections of J. W. Thompson of Seattle, Washington, who is 
one of the best collectors of Carices in the United States, not only 
in his keen sense of differentiation, but in the uniform excellence 
of his specimens. The following list of 21 species brings the 
number of known species of Carex that grow in Idaho to over 
one hundred. Only one representative citation is given after each 
species on account of lack of space. 

C. Brevipes W. Boott. St. Joe-Clearwater divide, Leiberg 
No. 1228. 

C. Buxpaumit Wahl.. Stanley Lake, Sawtooth Range, 
Thompson No. 13977. 

C. CEPHALANTHA (Bailey) Bickn. Priest Lake, Epling 
No. 7813. 


C. Eveocuaris Bailey. Pocatello, R. J. Davis, June, 1930. 


C. EPAPILLOSA Mackenzie. Boulder Creek, Sawtooth Range, 
Thompson No. 14077. 


C. FIssuRICOLA Mackenzie. Stevens Peak, Leiberg No. 14506. 


C. GyNocraTES Wormsk. Mt. Hyndman, Sawtooth Range, 
Thompson No. 13633. 


C. HenpeErsoni1 Bailey. Near Lowell, Constance, et al. 
Nowtli2. 


C. Heppurnit Bootrt.° Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth Range, 
Thompson No. 13540. 


C. uystricina Muhl. Hagerman Valley, R. J. Davis No. 
34-36. 


C. L@aviconica Dewey. Nez Perce County, Leiberg in 1884. 
C. trmosa L. Upper Priest River, Leiberg No. 62. 


C. mIcRopTERA Mackenzie. Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth 
Range, Thompson No. 13539. 


APRIL, 1938] NOTES ON CAREX gI 


C. nova Bailey. Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth Range, Thomp- 
son No. 13555. 

C. puysocarPA Presl. Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth Range, 
Thompson, No. 13577. 

C. PRACEPTORIUM Mackenzie. Goldfork Lookout, Sawtooth 
Range, Thompson No. 13825. 

C. PSEUDOSCIRPOIDEA Rydb. Devil’s Bedstead, Sawtooth 
Range, Thompson No. 135062. 

C. SAXIMONTANA Mackenzie. Kootenai County, Leiberg 
No. 289. 

C. stccATA Dewey. Emmet, Macbride No. 789. 

C. susrusca W. Bootr. Meadow Creek, Idaho County, Con- 
stance & Rollins No. 1645. 

C. TRIBULOIDES Wahl. St. Maries, Epling & Offord No. 8012. 


f af 7 


Carex diandra Schrank has heretofore only been reported 
from the Pacific Coast states from two collections in Southern 
California, and several collections from northeastern Wash- 
ington. In the Herbarium Greeneanum at the University of 
Notre Dame there is a sheet of this species collected by Mrs. 
R. M. Austin in May, 1896, at Iron Canyon, Butte County, Cali- 
fornia. Another collection of this species was recently made at 
the Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma County, California, by Howell and 
Stacey (No. 12683). As these somewhat bridge the gap between 
Southern California and northeastern Washington, it is probable 
that it may be found at other scattered stations. The species 
ranges from Newfoundland to the Yukon, and southward to 
New Jersey, Indiana, Colorado, Alberta, and British Columbia, 
and locally in Washington and California. It is comparatively 
common in the East and North, but seemingly very rare in the 
Pacific Coast states. It has not been detected from Oregon. 


7 5 A 7 


A new record for the state of Washington is Carex Garbert 
Fernald var. bifaria Fernald, collected near Friday Harbor by 
Barbara D. Blanchard (No. 95). Specimens of this collection 
are in the herbaria of the University of California and the Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences. This plant is rather frequent in 
southern Vancouver Island and southern British Columbia, but 
has not been reported before from Washington. 


Q2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 6 


THE TOBACCO COLLECTED BY ARCHIBALD 
MENZIES ON THE NORTHWEST 
COAST OF AMERICA 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Archibald Menzies was the botanist who accompanied Van- 
couver on his voyage around the world. A part of his journal 
has been published by the California Historical Society and a 
part in the Archives of British Columbia. In the latter a refer- 
ence is made to a tobacco used by the Indians of the northwest 
coast of America. The only specimen that seems to have been 
preserved is in the Hooker Herbarium at Kew, and this consists 
of root-leaves only, as shown by the illustration (Plate II, fig. 1). 

In the Herbarium of the British Museum is a specimen con- 
sisting of the upper part of a stem in flower, with some leaves 
showing. It is badly mutilated by insects, but the upper leaves 
and one fairly good flower are present, as can be seen in the 
illustration (Plate II, fig. 2). This was collected by Capt. Dixon 
on Queen Charlotte Islands as a tobacco used by the Indians.* 
The resemblance of these upper leaves with those of the plant 
collected by Menzies is evident from a comparison of the two. 

Menzies visited Queen Charlotte Islands on a previous voy- 
age,? and it is very probable that his tobacco was collected there 
and is identical with that collected by Capt. Dixon. This latter 
does not agree with any other tobacco from northwest America 
and may still be unnamed and undescribed. However, the mate- 
rial is too poor for adequate description. Allied species from 
specimens seen in the Royal Herbarium at Kew and the Herba- 
rium of the British Museum collected by David Douglas show 
variations, but none approaching this. 

The species most closely allied to Capt. Dixon’s specimen is 
Nicotiana multivalvis Lindl., collected by Douglas in 1825, 
“interior of the Columbia and on the plains of the Multnomah 
River.” The specimen from which the description is taken is 
labeled “Hort. Soc. London,” and is probably the specimen 

1In the notes on this tobacco in the Archives of British Columbia, 
accounts of other voyagers tell of the tobacco cultivated by the Indians on 


Queen Charlotte Islands. 


2The tobacco was probably collected on Menzies’ first voyage. The 
voyage was made in 1786, when he sailed on the Prince of Wales, com- 
manded by Capt. Colnett. Early in August they left Nootka, where the ship 
had arrived in July, 1787. As they were leaving for Alaska, Capt. Dixon was 
met just outside the harbor and they were persuaded by him to accompany 
him to the Queen Charlotte Islands. 


a 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY, VOL. II, NO. 6, PLATE II (facing p. 92) 


biker 
\ : 


ee eT Uy a Puy etint vii 
Bee BPRS igi ata 


Fig. 1. Menzies’ specimen of Tobacco used by the Indians. Photo- 
graphed at Kew through the courtesy of Dr. T. A. Sprague. 


° 


Fig. 2. Capt. Dixon’s specimen of Tobacco used by the Indians on 
Queen Charlotte Islands. Photographed at the Herbarium of the British 
Museum through the courtesy of the Keeper, Mr. John Ramsbottom. 


a) ly oe Y ue GU ec da 
: » ih; } VT mi i i ol4 yy 
ev 5 ' ity 
i ona fe eel wey OPT yt cm 


APRIL, 1938] | TOBACCO COLLECTED BY MENZIES 93 


described by Lindley and the type. Other specimens collected 
by Douglas are the following: 

Specimens raised from seeds in the Botanic Garden at Copen- 
hagen,* originally obtained from David Douglas, “from Indian 
cultivation along the Columbia River.” This has narrower leaves 
than the type, more lanceolate, calyx shorter, corolla exserted 
about 4.5 cm. beyond the throat of the calyx. A specimen from 
Herb. Bentham. at Kew, collected by Douglas, “interior of 
Columbia River,” has leaves similar to the last. A specimen in 
Herb. Hooker., also at Kew, looks like N. quadrivalvis Pursh. 
It has ovate-lanceolate acuminate leaves, calyx 2.5 cm. long, with 
lobes half as long and 3 mm. wide; corolla imperfect. 


COMPARISON OF Capt. DIxon’s SPECIMEN WITH 
N. multivalvis 


Toxpacco USED BY THE INDIANS 
(Capt. Dixon’s specimen) 


Cauline leaves broad and obtuse 
at apex, oblong-obovate in outline, 
tapering at base to a petiole. 


Calyx 15 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, 
lobes triangular-subulate, about 7 
mm. long, recurving, glandular- 
villous. 


Corolla with tube shortly ex- 
serted, limb almost 2 cm. across; 
lobes not distinguishable. 

Stamens with smooth filaments. 


Pubescence on stem glandular- 
villous; leaves almost glabrous, the 
veins only pubescent. 


Tosacco Usep By THE INDIANS 
( Douglas’ specimen) 


Cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
often oblique at the tapering base, 
acuminate at apex. 


Calyx 3 cm. long, lobes half as 
long, linear and almost filiform. 


Corolla exserted 4 cm. from throat 
of calyx, gradually enlarging to the 
limb, which is about 3.5 cm. across 
with acute lobes about 1 cm. long 
and 7 mm. wide at base. In fruit the 
calyx enlarges with the large round- 
ish capsule, which is about 1.5 to 
2 cm. in diameter. 


Besides these characters, the fol- 
lowing should be added: lowest 
leaves ovate-orbicular with the ta- 
pering base 1 dm. long; flowers not 
axillary but arising along the stem 
between the leaves, peduncles in 
flower about 4 mm. long, in fruit, 
becoming 2.5 cm. long. 


8 Also in the Herbarium of the University of California, 


94 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


The specimen of N. multivalvis in the Herbarium of the 
British Museum has no flowers. There are two large separate 
root leaves, one broadly ovate with a short petiole and the other 
more oblong with longer petiole, stem leaves more elliptical, and 
the uppermost lanceolate. . 

It is interesting to note also that two other species of Nicotiana 
common on the Pacific Coast, namely, NV. Bigeloviu (Torr.) Wats. 
and JN. attenuata Torr., are represented in the Herbarium of the 
British Museum by specimens collected by Douglas. 


A’ COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS: WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—III 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Herewith is continued the report on the specimens of David 
Douglas from the Russian Academy of Sciences in Leningrad 
which I was privileged to study. In the two preceding issues of 
this journal, Douglas’ plants from Northwest America were con- 
sidered and in this number an account of the seventy-three Cali- 
fornian specimens of the Russian set will be begun. This small 
number may not be very impressive when compared with the 
extensive collections which Douglas made in California, but an 
understanding of his plants is so essential to a proper appreci- 
ation of our Californian botany that it seems entirely worth while 
to list these plants, remark on their characteristics, and indicate 
items of historical interest concerning them. So little is definitely 
known about Douglas’ travels in California, it has been regarded 
a problem of special importance to determine by correlation of 
larger or smaller plant variations with geographic distribution 
where Douglas might have collected any one of these specimens 
in California. As a result, several of the specimens were rather 
definitely placed because they revealed in a critical examination 
some distinctive characteristic that, for a particular race or strain, 
is peculiar to a limited geographic area. As critical knowledge 
of our native flora increases with detailed studies of a mono- 
graphic character, we shall undoubtedly be able to place definitely 
more and more of Douglas’ plants since the variation in Cali- 
fornian plants is everywhere so closely bound up with geographic 
distribution and geologic history ; and it may not be too extrava- 
gant to expect that finally we shall attain to a detailed knowledge 
of Douglas’ movements in California in this way. 


ee so, 


APRIL, 1938] | DOUGLAS’ WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 95 


The botanical importance of Douglas’ Californian collections 
is due not to any intrinsic value in the specimens themselves, but 
rather to the botanical opinions that have been expressed about 
them, opinions which were expressed in the form of new species 
and varieties and which constitute most of the ground work of 
our western botanical taxonomy. Hooker and Arnott’s Californian 
supplement to the Botany of Capt. Beechey’s Voyage (1841) is 
the most important single work in which Douglas’ Californian 
collections were listed and described,’ but many were also in- 
cluded by Torrey and Gray in the Flora of North America (1838- 
1843) and by DeCandolle and his collaborators in his Prodromus. 
Many species were named from plants grown from seeds of 
Douglas’ collecting by Lindley in the Botanical Register and by 
Bentham in the Botanical Magazine and in the Transactions of 
the London Horticultural Society. However, most of the species 
which Bentham named from Douglas’ collections were based 
directly on specimens collected in California, and were described 
in the great monographic works of that illustrious botanist. 

In the Russian set of Douglas’ Californian plants, the Liliacee 
and the Leguminose were the families best represented, each by 
thirteen species, while such families as the Gramuinee, Polygo- 
nacee, Hydrophyllacee, Labiate, and Composite, whose mem- 
bers constitute so important and characteristic a part of the 
Californian flora, were entirely lacking. To be sure, there are 
many of Douglas’ collections which, I wish, might have been 
represented in the set, but the results of my study have proved 
so illuminating in several unexpected problems that I have only 
satisfaction to record; and certainly I regard it a real honor to 
have been able to examine what is undoubtedly the largest and 
most important set of Douglas’ collections to be seen on the 
Pacific coast of North America since they were collected here 
over a hundred years ago.*® 


SPECIMENS FROM CALIFORNIA 


No. 85. PELL#A MuCRONATA (D. C. Eaton) D. C. Eaton. 
A specimen of Douglas’ collection evidently had not been seen by 
Hooker when he published P. Ornithopus (Sp. Fil. 2:143,— 
1858), since Douglas’ specimen is not cited. 


7In the Russian set, fifteen species were represented which are not 
given in Bot. Beechey. 


8 For other matters of interest concerning Douglas and the Russian set 
of his collections, see LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BoTANY, vol. 2, pp. 59—61. 


96 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


No. 82. SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS (Lamb.) Endl. This is 
the collection which should have been the basis for the report 
by Hooker and Arnott (Bot. Beechey, 392) and for the plate 
in Hooker’s Icones (vol. 4, tab. 379) ; but instead the report and 
figure are based on Douglas’ collection of Abies venusta ( Dougl.) 
K. Koch. The specimen in the Russian Academy, however, is 
the collection which is to be correlated with Douglas’ graphic 
account of the Redwood in vol. 2, Comp. Bot. Mag. 150, which 
is quoted in the two publications just cited: “But the great beauty 
of the Californian vegetation is a species of Taxodium, which 
gives the mountains a most peculiar, I was almost going to say 
awful, appearance—something which plainly tells that we are 
not in Europe. . . It seems likely that Hooker never saw a 
specimen of Redwood collected by Douglas, and, since he should 
have had access to most of Douglas’ collections in England when 
he and Arnott prepared the supplement to the Botany of Capt. 
Beechey’s Voyage, we wonder whether there is such a specimen 
in any of the English herbaria. 


a” 


No. 99. PoTAMOGETON PECTINATUS L. This collection is 
not reported in Bot. Beechey. 


® 
No. 87. JuNcus FALcATUS Mey. Presumably the Douglas 


collection represents a duplicate of the type of J. Menziesu B 
californicus H. & A., Bot. Beechey 402. 


No. 86. Luzuta comosa Mey.® This is probably L. cam- 
pestris var. congesta listed in Bot. Beechey, 402. 


No. 89. Bropr#a LAxA (Benth.) Wats. Two collections 
are represented on the sheet in the Russian Academy: the one 
with buds and flowers; the other with fruit. The species was 
originally named and figured from cultivated plants from seeds 
of Douglas’ collecting (Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, 1: 413, tab. 15, 
fig. 2). 


9 This is L. campestris of American authors. Concerning these species, 
F. J. Hermann has written to me as follows: “Luzula comosa is probably 
better as a variety of L. multiflora but no one has yet made the neces- 
sary combination. Luzula multiflora, I am convinced, is specifically distinct 
from L. campestris, and the American varieties which have been referred 
to L. campestris are rather varieties of L. multiflora or else may be, like 
L. echinata, specifically distinct from it too.’’ See also Hermann, Rhodora 
40:83, 84. 


APRIL, 1938] VISIT TO VANCOUVER PINNACLES 97 


A BOTANICAL VISIT TO THE VANCOUVER 
PINNACLES 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


“As the month of October advanced and the summer season 
was fast drawing to a conclusion” at Nootka on the western 
shores of the great Canadian island that now bears his name, 
Capt. George Vancouver on October 17, 1794, turned his ships, 
the Discovery and the Chatham, to the south on the return trip 
to England. By November 6, he arrived at the Spanish Presidio 
at Monterey in Alta California where he stopped over for almost 
a month, so that his ships might be put in order for the long 
trip around Cape Horn and supplies of food and water might 
be replenished. While the ships were being serviced (as we 
would express it nowadays), Vancouver made a journey inland 
to view “a remarkable mountain near the River of Monterrey’? 
and his picturesque account of what he saw is probably the 
earliest description of the Californian Pinnacles of San Benito 
County. 

“I was, however, on wednesday able to join in a party to the valley 
through which the Monterrey river flows, and was there gratified with 
the sight of the most extraordinary mountain I had ever beheld. On one 
side it presented the appearance of a sumptuous edifice fallen into decay; 
the columns which looked as if they had been raised with much labour and 
industry, were of great magnitude, seemed to be of an elegant form, and 
to be composed of the same cream-colored stone, of which I have before 
made mention. Between these magnificent columns were deep excavations 
resembling different passages into the interior parts of the supposed build- 
ing, whose roof being the summit of the mountain appeared to be wholly 
supported by these columns rising perpendicularly with the most minute 
mathematical exactness. The whole had a most beautiful appearance of 
human ingenuity and labour ; but since it is not possible, from the rude and 
very humble race of beings that are found to be the native inhabitants of 
this country, to suppose they could have been capable of raising such a 
structure, its being the production of nature cannot be questioned, and it 
may not be preposterous to infer, that it has been from similar phenomena 
that man has received that architectural knowledge, by which he has been 
enabled to raise those massy fabricks, which have stood for ages in all 
civilized countries. . . .”? 


1 This is the title accompanying Plate 15, A Voyage of Discovery to the 
North Pacific Ocean and round the World by Capt. George Vancouver, 1798. 
The plate was engraved “from a Sketch taken on the Spot by J. Sykes.” 
The “River of Monterrey” is the Salinas River. 

2L.c., vol. 8, p. 834. 


98 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


To commemorate this visit of the famous navigator and 
explorer, the chief scenic attraction in the South Coast Ranges 
of California became known as the Vancouver Pinnacles, a 
name now regrettably shortened to the Pinnacles. 

I have made a number of visits to the Pinnacles and the 
country thereabouts, but my last visit was especially memorable 
from a botanist’s viewpoint, a visit made primarily to see 
Eriogonum Norton Greene as it grows. For several years, I 
had known that this rare species was to be found in the vicinity 
of the Pinnacles, but repeated searching in the lower canyons 
had failed to discover it. In May, 1937, among other plants 
collected at the Pinnacles, the much-sought-for plant was 
brought to the California Academy of Sciences for determi- 
nation by Mrs. Junea Kelly. She told me it had come from 
high up on the trail which zigzags to the summit ridge over- 
looking the Salinas Valley, a trail she called the Lewisia Trail 
because of the abundance of the Bitterroot along it. A few days 
later, Mr. Lewis S. Rose and I went to the Pinnacles; and, in 
the course of an afternoon walk, we found not only the plant 
we had come to see, but also as many other exceptionally inter- 
esting plants as one might find on an afternoon walk anywhere 
in California. 

At first the trail picks its way among and over the great 
tumbled boulders which choke and close the upper end of the 
main canyon ; and, in the shade of rocks and trees, plants flourish 
which are not found in the canyon farther down nor on the 
exposed slopes and ridges above. In this situation grow two 
species of Phacelia, each of which finds here the geographic 
limit of its known range: P. loasefolia (Benth.) Torr., common 
enough along the coast from Monterey to Morro but rare inland, 
here reaching its easternmost limit ; and P. brachyloba (Benth.) 
Gray, abundant in the lower mountains of southern California, 
rare north of Santa Barbara and not known to me north of the 
Pinnacles. Growing with the phacelias are such other herbs as 
Carex globosa Boott, Godetia epilobioides (Nutt.) Wats., Layia 
hieracioides (DC.) H. & A., and Malacothrix Clevelandu Gray, 
and such shrubs as Ribes californicum H. & A. and Forestiera 
neomexicana Gray. 

Deserting the shade of oak and rock, the trail climbs higher 
and emerges on open slopes which top the first escarpment, a 


APRIL, 1938] VISIT TO VANCOUVER PINNACLES 99 


terrace of uneven terrain with low rocky outcrops and more 
gentle slopes covered with thin gravelly débris nearly devoid 
of humus. A straggling growth of Adenostoma fasciculatum 
H. & A., the chamise, indicates how severe and almost intoler- 
able is the summer heat on these parched pavements. Here it 
was that we found the plant we had come to see, Eriogonum 
Nortoni, one of the rarest members of a genus which includes 
not a few local species and varieties in its far-flung distribution 
in western North America. Explorations in the mountains north, 
south, and east of the Pinnacles have not revealed our plant and 
it has never been found to the west across the Salinas Valley in 
the Santa Lucia Mts. It would appear as if in all the wide world 
this Eriogonum grows only in the vicinity of the Pinnacles,® 
where, as a late spring annual, it is represented by hundreds 
of small dwarfed plants if they grow in the shallow gravelly 
soil of open slopes, or by more luxuriant sprawling specimens a 
span or two across if they grow where more moisture is avail- 
able in deeper accumulations of gravel; but wherever they grow 
they beautify their rocky home with an abundance of delicate 
light pink blooms. 

A highly restricted and select company of other herbs was 
found immediately associated with our Eriogonum or not far 
distant from it. Two were also species of Eriogonum, E. saxa- 
tile Wats., a southern Californian perennial uncommon in these 
northern ranges, and E. hirtiflorum Gray, widespread enough 
in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada but before this noted from 
the South Coast Ranges only from Mt. Hamilton (Erythea 
1:84). Then on an especially barren sterile slope the recently 
described Sedella pentandra Sharsmith (Madrono 3: 240) was 
found for the first time beyond the Mt. Hamilton Range. An 
intriguing little Navarretia with corollas shorter than the calyx- 

8 The Pinnacles are not far from the type locality of this species, not 
the locality as given by Greene in the original description, ‘‘Near Gonzales” 
(Pitt. 2: 165), but the locality which is given in more detail on a Norton 
specimen in the Dudley Herbarium which I regard as part of the original 
collection, ‘‘Palisades and Chaloni Peaks near Gonzales, Monterey County, 
California, at considerable elevation (2000—4000).” If Norton’s Briogonum 
so delights in the exposed rocky slopes among the peaks of the Pinnacles 
that it even disdains the more protected and moister slopes of the canyons 
below, how much less agreeable would our plant find the sandy wind-swept 
flats and clay slopes of the Salinas Valley around Gonzales! 

Eriogonum Nortoni is related to the 2. vimineum complex and has been 
treated as a synonym of EF. viminewm var. caninum Greene by Jepson and 
as a subspecies of FE. vimineum Dougl. by Stokes. Since 1933, when I first 
identified a peculiar Hriogonum with leaves not unlike a clumsily tied bow- 
knot (they are broader than long and somewhat pinched at top and bottom), 


I have considered 2. Nortoni as worthy of specific recognition as the related 
BR. truncatum T. & G 


100 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 6 


segments has proved to be N. Eastwoode Brand,‘ a species 
which heretofore has been known, so far as I have been able 
to learn, only from the original collection made on Mt. Tamal- 
pais over a hundred miles to the north. 


A low species of Linanthus, slender and erect in depauperate 
individuals but diffusely sprawling in more robust specimens, 
carried small cleft leaves and tiny white flowers that were 
scarcely visible on subcapillary stems several inches long. This 
is the plant which has been known from southern and adjacent 
Lower California for years as L.pusillus, but L. pusillus is a 
Chilean plant which is not at all the same as our North American 
plant although it confusingly simulates it in general appearance. 
A detailed comparison of our plant from the Pinnacles with 
the one named Gilia pygmea Brand from Guadalupe Island off 
northern Lower California showed them to be the same species. 
Since I do not believe that the genus Gulia receives its proper 
definition when a group as different as Linanthus is included, the 
plant from the Pinnacles is here called Linanthus pygmzus.° 


4In the isotype of N. Hastwoode preserved in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., 
the calyx is 7 mm. long, the tube is 2.5 mm. long, and the lobes are a little 
unequal; the corolla is 5 mm. long and the stamens are attached a little 
over 1 mm. above the base of the tube; the stamens are a trifle less than 
1 mm. long and the anthers equal the filaments in length; the style is 1 mm. 
long. In the plants from the Pinnacles (J. T. Howell No. 12945), there are 
10—12 flowers in heads terminating the main stems and the flower-parts 
average a little larger than those just given. The capsule in these plants 
is 3 mm. long and contains about 18 minutely lineate and checked seeds. 


Because of the few flowers in the head, Brand segregates this species 
with N. divaricata (Torr.) Greene, a species to which our plant does not 
appear to be so nearly related as it is to the N. heterodoxa group, to N. fallax 
Brand in particular (cf. Das Pflanzenreich IV, 250: 152—157). 


5 Linanthus pygmzus (Brand) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. Gilia pygomea 
Brand in Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV, 250: 134 (1907). Gilia pusilla and 
Linanthus pusillus as to most Californian, not as to Chilean, references and 
specimens. 

Through the generous codperation of the Gray Herbarium, I have been 
privileged to examine parts of historical collections involved in the names 
given here: Bertero’s Chilean collection which served Bentham as type of 
Gilia pusilla and Palmer’s collection from Guadalupe Island which served 
Brand as type of Gilia pygmea. 

Although the North and South American plants bear a remarkable 
superficial resemblance to each other and although there are apparently no 
tangible differences between them in characters of herbage, there are several 
important distinctions in the flowers which definitely separate them. In 
the Chilean plant the calyx-lobes are relatively broader and the calyx-tube 
is scarious only in the sinuses, at least it is not obviously scarious to the 
base; the corolla-throat is longer than the tube, i. e., the corolla is more 
distinctly funnel-form; the stamens are inserted in the lower part of the 
throat, about 1 mm. below the base of the corolla-lobes, and the anthers 
scarcely equal the sinuses; the style and style-branches are a little over 
1 mm. long and the oblong-linear branches are about half as long as the 
style and are subplumose with elongate papille. In the Californian plants, 
the calyx-lobes are narrowly triangular and the tube is scarious to the base 
below the sinuses; the corolla-tube is much longer than the throat, i. e., the 
corolla is salverform; the stamens are inserted in the throat almost on the 
base of the corolla-lobes and the exserted anthers reach about the middle 
of the lobes; the style is 1.5—2 mm. long and the elliptic-oblong branches 
are 0.25 mm. long and minutely papillate. 


APRIL, 1938] VISIT TO VANCOUVER PINNACLES 101 


Apparently there has been no approvable record of this plant 
from northern California in the literature before this. (The 
collections from Napa and Lake counties referred to L. pusillus 
by Milliken, U. C. Publ. Bot. 2:50, are not L. pygmeus.) The 
following collections of L. pygmeus are in Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. from northern California: Monterey County, E. K. Abbott; 
Santa Lucia Mts., Monterey Co., Eastwood & Howell No. 2401; 
the Pinnacles, San Benito Co., Howell No. 12941 ; Mt. Hamilton 
Range, Santa Clara Co., Howell No. 4661. 


A Plagiobothrys of more than ordinary interest grew on a 
desiccated flat near by, P. californicus var. fulvescens Johnston. 
The occurrence of this plant at the Pinnacles would seem to 
indicate a new limit in the distribution of a species heretofore 
unknown north of southern California (cf. Johnston in Munz, 
Man. S. Calif. Bot. 433). Not far away, Rattan’s Monkey- 
flower, Mimulus Rattani Gray, which occurs sporadically in 
the Coast Ranges of central California, was flowering and fruit- 
ing amid low annual grasses already parched and yellowed; and 
in the same place, Allium lacunosum var. micranthum Eastwood ® 
whose white perianth-segments bear a carmine midrib lifted 
attractive clusters of star-like flowers. Confined to the slight 
and uncertain shade of the chamise grew a form of Scutellaria 
tuberosa Benth. with leaves of more delicate texture than that 
which we usually expect in the species ; and together with it was 
a rather unusual chaparral bluebell with tiny, pale lavender 
corollas. 


A study of this Campanula has disclosed that it is not so 
closely related to C. exigua Rattan, which grows much nearer 
geographically, but that its affinity lies with the farther removed 


6 Allium lacunosum Wats. var. micranthum Eastwood, var. nov. A specie 
differt: floribus minoribus 4 mm. longis, involucri bracteis 3, latis connatis 
apice plerumque obtusis; caulibus gracilioribus et excelsioribus. 


Type: No. 252571, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected at the Pinnacles, 
San Benito Co., California, May 3, 1937, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4231. 
Other specimens are from the Pinnacles, Hastwood & Howell No. 2494, and 
from near Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo Co., Chester Dudley, April, 1936. 


This differs from typical A. lacunosum Wats. in the smaller flowers only 
4 mm. long, the divisions white with green or red midveins, keeled on the 
back, the involucre with 3 broad connate bracts generally obtuse at the 
apex. The plants are taller and more slender than the type. 


Near the Little Pinnacles an allied form with 2 connate involucral bracts 
and segments of the perianth more pointed at apex was collected by John 
Thomas Howell, May 19, 1937 (No. 12944). It is this form to which Mr. 
Howell refers above.—Alice Eastwood. 


102 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 6 


C. angustiflora Eastwood’ which has apparently not been reported 
from south of San Francisco Bay. But a comparison of the plant 
from the Pinnacles with the typical form of C. angustiflora from 
Mt. Tamalpais would indicate that the plant from the Pinnacles 
is a new variety which is to be distinguished chiefly by its more 
slender substrictly erect habit and by its narrower entire or sub- 
entire leaves, and it is here named C. angustiflora var. exilis 
J. T. Howell, var. nov.® 


In this really remarkable assemblage which accompanied 
Eriogonum Nortom, the Sunflower Family was represented by 
only a single species, Lessingia parvula Greene, an entity which 
differs from most of its yellow-flowered congeners in that it is 
a late vernal, not an estival or autumnal, annual. 


(This account will be concluded with notes on 
plants found in Frog Canyon at the Pinnacles and on 
some of the plants collected on the journey home.) 


JAMESIA AMERICANA var. CALIFORNICA (Small) Jepson. 
Jamesia americana T. & G. is a common shrub in the mountains 
of Colorado. The variety was described as Edwinia californica 
by Small, N. Am. Fl. 22: 176, the type having been collected by 
the writer on Volcano Creek, near Kern Canyon, Tulare County. 

This summer Miss Anita Noldeke collected it on Mono Pass, 
a notable extension of its known range.—Alice Eastwood. 


7 These two chaparral campanulas have been confused, but really they 
are quite distinct. In C. exigua, the corolla is showy and about twice as 
long as the calyx-lobes; the stamens are 4—6 mm. long, the anthers are 
linear and longer than the filaments which tend to be contracted-geniculate 
near the broad bearded base; the style is linear-clavate, trifid to shortly 
3-branched, and minutely to strongly papillate above the middle. In 
C. angustiflora, the corolla is inconspicuous and about as long as the calyx- 
lobes; the stamens are 2 mm. long, the anthers are linear-lanceolate and 
about as long as the sparsely ciliate filaments; the style tapers gradually 
from the base, its branches are as much as a quarter the length of the style, 
and the sides are not papillate. 

8 Campanula angustiflora Eastw. var. exilis J. T. Howell, var. nov. 
Planta substricte erecta, ramis gracilibus fastigiatis paucis vel ‘numerosis; 
foliis caulinis anguste oblanceolatis vel oblongis ad linearibus, integris vel 
remote sinuato-serrulatis; seminibus minoribus quam in specie. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 254819, collected at the Pinnacles, San 
Benito Co., California, May 19, 1937, by the author, No. 12938. Another 
collection from the Pinnacles was made on April 23, 1933, Howell No. 11127, 


APRIL, 1938] | OBSERVED IN THE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY 103 


OBSERVED IN THE GoosEFooT Famity. Some of the most 
colorful effects in the arid regions of the west are produced by 
the tinted foliage of chenopodiaceous inhabitants of saline sinks 
and alkaline flats. One of the most beautiful of all these effects 
is to be found in the Desert Holly, Atriplex hymenelytra, when, 
in the first blast of early summer heat, its silvery foliage becomes 
suffused with tints of lavender and rose and violet. The summer 
coloration of the Desert Holly is too delicate to tint a landscape, 
but frequently colonies composed of countless individuals of 
a lowly herb will color broad areas, or they might produce a 
brilliant blotch if they are confined by some edaphic peculiarity 
to a restricted locale. I shall not soon forget a remarkable sight 
in the desert region of British Columbia near Kamloops where 
a pond of very blue water was encircled by a dazzling white ring 
of saline matter which in turn was enclosed by a red zone com- 
posed of a low dense growth of the Red Samphire, Salicornia 
rubra, and the Pahute Weed, Suda depressa. And we are all 
aware of the rich beauty of our coastal salt marshes after the 
frosts of autumn have tinted the Pacific Samphire (Salicornia 
pacifica) and have laid on the tidal flats a carpet of color whose 
tones rival the products of oriental looms. 

Several years ago, one of these colorful effects was seen in 
arid northeastern California on the saline shores of Horse Lake, 
Lassen Co. Just as we had been compelled to investigate the 
startling red, white, and blue of the Kamloops sink, so we were 
forced to investigate the ruddy expanse on the margin of Horse 
Lake. This most colorful feature in a region of comparatively 
monotonous sagebrush-covered hills proved to be an extensive 
colony of Monolepis pusilla Torr. whose slender stems and fleshy 
leaves were responsible for the conspicuous red band along the 
lake. It has seemed worthwhile to call particular attention to this 
low annual herb, not only because of the chromatic character 
of its occurrence, but also because our collection (No. 11895) 
seems to represent the first definite Californian record of a plant 
which in many alkaline areas in the western United States pro- 
duces similar colorful effects.*—John Thomas Howell. 

* Although in the N. A. Fl. 21:7 (1916) “California’’ is given in the 
distribution of M. pusilla, and although in Bot. Calif. 2:49 (1880) it is 


included as “doubiless of Northeastern alifornia,’’ Jepson omits all mention 
of the plant in Fl. Calif. 1: 433 (1914) and in Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 323 (1923). 


104 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 6 


TWO NEW SCROPHULARIACE/# 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Castilleja Roseana Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules plures ex radice lignea, 
supra ramosi, 3—4 dm. alti, omnino viscidi et glanduloso-villosi; foliis 
integris (raro segmentis paucis brevibus) lanceolatis, 3—5 cm. longis, 
2—5 mm. latis, apice attenuatis et crispis; inflorescentia primo capitata in 
fructu spicata; bracteis supra rubris infra viridibus, segmentis lateralibus 
linearibus divaricatis medio lato segmento angustioribus ; floribus gracilibus, 
2—5 cm. longis, bracteas superantibus ; calycis segmentis zequalibus lineari- 
bus rubris, 3 mm. longis; tubo 1 cm. longo; corolle tubo galea breviore, 
labio inferiore duobus segmentis obtusis, galea primo erecta, demum cur- 
vata, dorso puberulente ventro membranacea, rubra; stigmate capitato 
exserto; capsulis ovoideis acutis; seminibus irregularibus laxe vestitis. 

Type: No. 253054, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 11, 
1936, on the Mustang Grade, between San Lucas and Priest 
Valley, Monterey Co., by Eastwood and Howell, No. 2460. It 
is named in honor of Mr. Lewis S. Rose, our companion on the 
trip, to whom the herbarium is greatly indebted for help and 
thousands of specimens. 

Orthocarpus sonomensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis erectus sim- 
plex vel ramosus, 1—2 dm. altus, pilosus; foliis erectis segmentis lineari- 
bus attenuatis 1 mm. latis; bractearum segmentis similibus apice obtusis 
albis; calycis tubo circa 5 mm. longo, segmentis linearibus 1 cm. longis, 
5 mm. latis; corolla pallida, puberulente, galea erecta, 4 mm. longa, 


labiorum inferiorum sacco 5 mm. lato maculato duobus atris punctis, 
segmentis obtusis. 


Type: No. 253050, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected two 
miles north of Windsor, Sonoma Co., California, May 19, 1936, 
by Eastwood and Howell, No. 2518. The plants were abundant 
in a meadow which is wet in the early spring. Patches of 
Pogogyne parviflora were conspicuous. Downingia concolor, 
Hemizoma congesta, Navarretia pubescens and N. intertexta, 
Scorzonella paludosa, Carex Barbare, etc., were also present. 

This has the hairy pubescence of Orthocarpus purpurascens 
and the pale puberulent flowers of O. densiflorus. The galea is 
straight and puberulent, not curved and hairy as in O. purpura- 
scens. The leaves are erect on the stems, broad at base and rachis, 
the segments are also erect becoming shorter towards the apex. 
The bracts are similar to the leaves but shorter, the upper ones 
white-tipped. It seems intermediate but can scarcely be a hybrid, 
as neither of the related species is in the vicinity. The plants 
collected too are uniform. 


Vo. II No. 7 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 


Supplementary Notes on the Flora of the Olympic Peninsula 105 
GeorGE NEVILLE JONES 


Cyperus Eragrostis and C. virens in California. . . . 108 
Hucu T. O'NEILL 


BPE eCIes it LAMraCCS 05) 0) Si fath i ski) Mot) ae eye gy ee 
A.ice Eastwoop 


Interesting Western Plants—III. . . . . . . &IJ13 
Puiuip A. Munz 


A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—IV  . 116 
JoHN THomAs Howe. 


me wew species of Penstemon-.t 68 ee 
JoHN THoMAs HoweELi 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Jury 20, 1938 


\ 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single i 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California = 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, ‘ 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bor. 


peed UU RO : 


INCHES 


UOEOQOON ULE LOA TOON UO PRE 


pievegnnt 
METRIC 


Owned and published by 


AuicE Eastwoop and JouN THomas HowEti 


ee Fi 


PUTANIGA 


JULY, 1938] FLORA OF OLYMPIC PENINSULA 105 


SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE FLORA OF 
THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA 


BY GEORGE NEVILLE JONES 
Gray Herbarium, Harvard University 

Since the publication, in 1936, of my Botanical Survey of 
the Olympic Peninsula,’ several additional species have been 
detected in that area. It seems desirable to place on record at 
the present time an account of some of the recent discoveries 
and observations on the flora of the Olympic Peninsula of western 
Washington. 

BoTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Skokomish River, 
J. Schwartz in 1933. Erroneously included with B. silaifolium 
in Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5:87 (1936). Botrychium virgini- 
anum was reported from Lake Cushman by J. B. Flett in the 
Fern Bulletin 11:81 (1903). 

EQuUISETUM L#&vIGATUM A. Br. This is a rare plant in 
western Washington, where it is known only from the following 
collections in Jefferson County: Port Townsend, June 9, 1925, 
I. C. Otis No. 1455; Sequim, on a gravelly bank, June 30, 1936, 
Jones No. 10548. 

PINUS ALBICAULIS Engelm. A few scattered trees growing 
on the summit of the ridge between the Dosewallips River and 
the headwaters of the Greywolf River, altitude 5500 feet, July 21, 
1936, John Broadbent. 

POTAMOGETON LUCENS L. Lake Crescent, Jones No. 3511. 

Bromus ricipus Roth. Gravelly roadside, Port Townsend, 
Oct. 10, 1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10564. 

Festuca Myuros L. Elwha River, Jones No. 3110. 

HorDEUM MURINUM L. Wet meadow, near Blyn, Oct. 10, 
1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10562. 

CAREX INOPS Bailey. Near Elma, May 23, 1936, J. C. Otis 
No. 2051. 

CAREX NEUROPHORA Mack. Home Sweet Home, Olympic 
Mts., Sept. 29, 1935, Floyd Dickinson No. 111. 

SCIRPUS AMERICANUS Pursh. Westport, June 22, 1892, 
Henderson. 

PoPULUS TREMULOIDES Michx. var, VANCOUVERIANA (Tre- 
lease) Sarg. The Vancouver aspen is scarce west of Puget 


1 Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5:1-286, 10 pl. (June, 1936.) 
Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 105-120, July 20, 1938. 


‘208 


106 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Il, NO. 7 


Sound. It has been reported from only one locality on the 
Olympic Peninsula (as P. tremuloides). The following additional 
collection now can be listed: near Port Townsend, Oct. 10, 1937, 
Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10599. 

This variety is distinguishable by its small size, its distinctive 
habit, the habitat (which is nearly always bogs or swamps), and 
by its restricted geographical distribution (it is found only west 
of the Cascade Mts. in southern British Columbia, Washington, 
and northwestern Oregon). The margins of the leaves have a 
very peculiar crenation. “The teeth are much larger than in any 
of its immediate allies and besides being crenulate are depressed 
so that each tooth viewed from the edge forms a double curve.”? 

This characteristic will serve to identify sterile specimens in 
the herbarium. The characters of the pubescent floral disk and 
branchlets, and tomentose winter buds, mentioned by Benson® 
have not proved satisfactory criteria for distinguishing the coastal 
plants from those of the interior. Recent collections (Ronald 
Bog, near Seattle, King Co., May 16, 1936, Jones No. 10604) of 
good fruiting material do not indicate any important additional 
taxonomic characters to distinguish these plants specifically. The 
chief point noted was that the ciliations on the pistillate scales 
of var. vancouveriana have a tendency to be slightly shorter 
than those in material examined from eastern Washington. It 
seems desirable, therefore, to follow Sargent and treat the cis- 
montane plants as a local variety of the extremely widespread 
P. tremuloides. 

RUMEX PULCHER L. Roadside weed, Port Townsend, Oct. 
10, 1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10592. 

SAPONARIA VaccarIA L. Roadside weed near Port Town- 
send, Oct. 10, 1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10598. 

CLEMATIS VITALBA L. Previously reported* from the Puget 
Sound region, this European species has been lately detected on 
the Olympic Peninsula: climbing over bushes near Port Town- 
sent, Oct. 10, 1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10597. 

RANUNCULUS VERECUNDUS Robins. Mt. Claywood, July 6, 
1936, John Broadbent; Sentinel Peak, same collector and date. 


aye cae William, in Piper & Beattie, Flora of the Northwest Coast, 
3 Benson, Gilbert Thereon, The Trees ae Shrubs of Western Oregon, 
Contrib. Dudley Herb. Stanf. Univ. 2: 35 (1930). 
vy a ene N., New Records of Vascular pate in Washington, Madrofio 
( 


=~ = 


JULY, 1938] FLORA OF OLYMPIC PENINSULA 107 


RANUNCULUS SUKSDORFII Gray. On talus, Hayden Pass, 
July 6, 1936, John Broadbent. All specimens cited under R. Esch- 
scholtzii belong to this species (Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 152, 
153). 

ARABIS PATULA Graham. In meadow, Dosewallips River, 
altitude 3500 feet, June 16, 1936, Floyd Dickinson No. 248. 

DRABA VERNA L. Dungeness, May 2, 1937, H. W. Smith 
No. 2037. 

ErysIMUM CAPITATUM (Dougl.) Greene. Skokomish River, 
in 1933, J. Schwartz No. 91. 

Rosa NUTKANA Presl var. MURICULATA (Greene) G. N. 
Jones. Port Hadlock, Jones No. 3099. Erroneously included 
with R. nutkana in Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5:174 (1936). 

MALVA PARVIFLORA L. Gravelly soil at roadside, Ediz Hook, 
Port Angeles, Oct. 10, 1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 
10560. 

OSMORRHIZA PURPUREA (C. & R.) Suksd. In moist woods 
near the mouth of Nolan Creek, Jefferson Co., April 12, 1925, 
I. C. Otis No. 1414. Petals distinctly purple. 

Vinca MAjJoR L. Roadside, Port Townsend, Oct. 10, 1937, 
Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10568. 

LyciuM HALIMIFOLIUM Mill. The common Matrimony-vine 
is found occasionally in various parts of Washington as an escape 
from gardens. In some places it shows a tendency to become 
established. It has been reported previously from Benton County 
in eastern Washington.® The following collection is the first pub- 
lished from the Olympic Peninsula and from western Wash- 
ington: gravelly soil near road, Port Townsend, Oct. 10, 1937, 
Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10567. 

OrOBANCHE COMOSA Hook. Port Townsend, Oct. 17, 1937, 
iC. Oks. 

ARTEMISIA CAMPESTRIS L. Beach, Port Townsend, Oct. 10, 
1937, Jones, Hitchcock & Stacey No. 10565. Previously collected 
by St. John (No. 5658) on the eastern shore of Washington 
Harbor. This plant has the appearance of a native species. 

ASTER FOLIACEUS Lindl. Olympic Peninsula material matches 
topotypes from Unalaska very satisfactorily. Aster foliaceus var. 
frondeus Gray is the Rocky Mountain form of this ccenospecies. 


5 St. John, H., & Jones, G. N. An Annotated Catalogue of the Plants of 
Benton County, Washington. Northwest Science 2:89 (1928). 


108 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 7 


PETASITES NIVALIS Greene. Specimens from the Olympic 
Peninsula are better referred to this species than to P. frigidus 
(L.) Fries. The two species appear to be quite distinct morpho- 
logically as well as geographically. 


CYPERUS ERAGROSTIS AND C. VIRENS 
IN CALIFORNIA 


BY HUGH T. O'NEILL 


Langlois Herbarium, Catholic University of America 
Washington, D. C. 


Cyperus Eragrostis Lam. (C. vegetus Willd.; C. serrulatus 
S. Wats., etc.) is well distributed throughout California. Al- 
though many Californian specimens have been labelled C. virens 
Michx., only two sheets so far examined are that species, both 
from Fresno County, viz., George D. Davis, October 24, 1892, 
near Fresno (in Herb. Univ. Michigan) ; Lemmon, King’s River, 
July, 1902. 

Kiikenthal in Pflanzenreich IV. 207: 180 cites Elmer No. 4656 
at Napa as C. virens Michx. I have examined six duplicates of 
this number (Herb. Univ. Calif., Calif. Acad. Sci., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard., Dudley Herb., Brooklyn Bot. Gard., Pomona College). 
All of these are unquestionably C. Eragrostis Lam. 

In view of the fact that Jepson (Man. Fl. Pl. Calif.) lists 
C. virens Michx. but not C. Eragrostis Lam. while both Abrams 
(Ill. Fl. Pacific States) and Munz (Man. So. Calif. Botany) list 
C. vegetus Willd. (“C. virens of authors”) but not C. virens 
Michx., it seems necessary to call attention to the presence of 
both species in California and to the fact that out of 481 speci- 
mens examined, all are C. Eragrostis except the two specimens 
cited above. The following key indicates the specific differences 
between these two plants: 

Culm sharply triquetrous, upwardly scabrellate on the knife-like edges ; 
achene obovoid, the short stipe broad and flange-like......C. Eragrostis 


Culm bluntly trigonous, smooth; achene oblong-elliptic, the stipe not at 
ail Groadetied atthe base: ake te ct ae ee C. virens 


JULY, 1938] NEW SPECIES IN LILIACE 109 


NEW SPECIES IN LILIACEZ 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Allium Howellii Eastwood, spec. nov. Unifoliatum, folio basi amplexi- 
cauli, apice attenuato, scapum superanti; umbellis floribundis, involucris 
tribracteatis, bracteis rubescentibus, late ovatis, 8 mm. latis, abrupte et 
breviter accuminatis, ad medio connatis; perianthii segmentis pallidis, 
roseo-nervatis, sepe in senectute purpureo-roseis, oblongis ovatisve, obtusis, 
4—5 mm. longis, circa 3 mm. latis; antheris et stylo exsertis, stylo persist- 
enti trilobato, ovario 6-cristato, cristis acuminatis, dorso dentato-laciniatis ; 
seminibus rugosis atris; bulbis globosis, 1 cm. diametro, exteriore tunica 
crassa castanea, sine reticulis. 


Type: No. 205968, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected 
March 21, 1931, by J. T. Howell, in clay soil near the summit of 
the Maricopa grade, seven miles from Maricopa, Kern County, 
California, No. 5915. 

This rather tall slender onion has but one leaf which encircles 
the stem at base, generally above the ground and surpasses the 
scape. When old, the tops of the leaves die and break off. The 
many-flowered umbels have involucres of three broad bracts, 
united about half their length, tip abruptly pointed and generally 
tinged with red. The flowers are almost 1 cm. across with ovate 
or oblong divisions, pale pink or white, often becoming dark red 
when old. The anthers and 3-lobed stigma are exserted, the latter 
persistent. The ovary has six red crests, which surround the style 
in young flowers but spread as the flowers become old. These 
crests are jagged along the back and pointed at top. It somewhat 
approaches Allium Parryi Wats., but the anthers and style are 
included in that species and the divisions of the perianth accumi- 
nate instead of obtuse. 

Besides the type, the following specimens are now in Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. from Kern County: Pozo Creek, Eastwood & 
Howell No. 4031; near Edison, Eastwood & Howell No. 4007; 
Maricopa Grade, Eastwood & Howell No. 4051; Tehachapi, 
Eastwood No. 3240; near Petroleum School, Kern River Oil 
Fields, E. Roy Weston No. 575; Rattlesnake Grade, Greenhorn 
Mts., E. Roy Weston No. 604. It has been collected on the 
Carrizo Plains, San Luis Obispo County, by Katherine Esau, 
April 13, 1935, and in the same region by W. Maynard Kirk- 
wood, April 23, 1935. The species is named in honor of John 
Thomas Howell. 


110 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 7 


Allium Purdyi Eastwood, spec. nov. Unifoliatum, 2—3 dm. altum; 
folio scapo breviore, basi amplexicauli; scapo circa 2 dm. alto; umbellis 
floribundis, involucri bracteis 3, seepe 4 in senectute, ovato-oblongis, apice 
setaceo-acuminatis ; pedicellis filiformibus, 1—2 cm. longis; perianthii seg- 
mentis pallido-rosaceis rubro-lineatis, lanceolato-acuminatis, 6 mm. longis ; 
filamentis basi dilatis, brevioribus perianthii segmentis; stylo staminibus 
breviore, apice capillari-trisecto, ovario trilobato, cristis 6, erectis, acutis 
vel acuminatis, summum ovarium tegentibus; bulbis globosis, circa 1 cm. 
diametro, reticulis minute oblongo-rectangularibus. 


Type: No 206693, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected in May, 
1933, along the road near the Lake and Colusa counties line, east 
of Clear Lake, California, by Carl Purdy, in whose honor it is a 
privilege to name it. 

This tall robust onion has reddish stems 2—3 dm. high, a single 
leaf clasping the stem at the base and above the ground, the upper 
part soon breaking off. The umbels are many-flowered, with slen- 
der pedicels 1—2 cm. long and an involucre of three papery bracts, 
ovate-oblong, tipped with a setaceous appendage about 2 mm. 
long. The segments of the perianth are light pink with a darker 
midvein and about 6 mm. long. The stamens are shorter than the 
perianth and the style shorter than the stamens. The top of the 
trilobed ovary is covered with six erect, acute or acuminate crests. 
The bulb is globular, outer coats light brown, marked with a 
minute oblong reticulation. 

It belongs to the A. Parryi, A. fimbriatum group and in size 
approaches A. fimbriatum var. aboriginum Jepson. However, it 
differs in the shape of the flowers, the longer capillary stigmas, 
the crests of the ovary not fimbriate and the coats of the bulb light 
brown and faintly reticulated with oblong-rectangular markings. 

Allium robustum Eastwood, spec. nov. Unifoliatum, 2—3 dm. altum, 
robustum; folio basi amplexicauli, scapo breviore; umbellis floribundis, 
involucri bracteis 2, connatis, lato-ovatis, apice subulatis, 15 mm. longis, 
3 mm. latis, membranaceis, pedicellis capillaribus, 10—15 mm. longis; peri- 
anthii segmentis ovatis, acutis, pallido-roseis, rubro-nervatis, 5 mm. longis, 
3 mm. latis, brevioribus stylo et staminibus; filamentis basi dilatis; styli 
segmentis 3, capillaribus, 1 mm. longis; ovario trilobato, cristis 6, laciniatis, 


1.5 mm. longis; bulbo globulare tunicis exterioribus castaneis, reticulis 
minutissimis, oblongo-quadrangularibus. 


Type: No. 253219, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by East- 
wood and Howell, May 3, 1937, at Griswold Creek, southeast 
of Panoche, San Benito County, California (No. 12956). 

This tall robust onion has the single leaf, the crests on the 


JULY, 1938] NEW SPECIES IN LILIACE© III 


ovary and the bulb approaching A. fimbriatum Wats. It differs 
in height, leaf shorter than scape and the conspicuously exserted 
anthers and style. The flowers are numerous in the umbels, light 
rose, the segments with a dark red midnerve, pedicels 1O—15 mm. 
long, the two bracts of the papery involucre are connate above 
the base, broadly ovate and tipped with a filiform appendage. 
The ovary has three rounded lobes each with two laciniate crests 
1.5 mm. long. The reticulations on the dark bulb coats are very 
minute, almost imperceptible, vertically oblong-quadrangular. 

Brodiza Howellii Eastwood, spec. nov. Cormus 1—1.5 cm. diametro, 
fibroso-tunicatus ; scapis 10—15 cm. altis, gracilibus; foliis anguste lineari- 
bus, scapis brevioribus, basi caules membranaceo-vaginantibus ; umbellis 
2—10-floris, pedicellis inaequalibus, longissimis, circa 3 cm. longis, invo- 
lucri bracteis ovato-attenuatis, 6—10 mm. longis; perianthio infundibuli- 
formi, 2 cm. longo, parte superiore violaceo-purpureo, tubo albo, segmentis 
circa 12 mm. longis, oblongis, exterioribus apice mucronatis, interioribus 
apice truncatis vel obtusis ; staminodiis anguste oblongis, 1 cm. longis, apice 
emarginatis, basi auriculatis, staminia superantibus; antheris et filamentis 
zquilongis, antheris flavis, apice basique emarginatis ; ovario stipitato, apice 
attenuato, stylo 4 mm. longo, stigmatibus 3, recurvatis. 

Type: No. 253052, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected near 
Trinity Alps Resort, Trinity County, California, June 25, 1937, 
by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4905. 

This distinctive species of the Section Hookera belongs with 
the B. terrestris group, which is distinguished by the funnel- 
shaped perianth and the anthers emarginate at both ends. It 
differs from that species in the long staminodia auriculate at base. 
The ovary is similar in having a beak-like apex and stipitate 
base. There are several very narrow leaves and sometimes more 
than one scape comes from the corm. The flowers do not open 
star-like but retain the funnel-shape. The scape rises from 10—15 
cm. above the ground, the open spreading umbels bear from two 
to ten flowers on unequal pedicels, the longest about 3 cm. This 
and B. jolonensis might be considered as subspecies of B. terres- 
tris Kell. but it seems more desirable to regard them as distinct. 

Brodiza jolonensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Cormus 1—2 cm. diametro 
fibroso-vestitus ; foliis linearibus; scapis 1—5, gracilibus, 1—2 dm. altis; 
involucri bracteis albis membranaceis lanceolatis attenuatis, 5—10 mm. 
longis, basi 2—4 mm. latis; pedicellis inzqualibus, 1—5 cm. longis; floribus 
purpureis, campanulatis, circa 2 cm. longis, segmentis perianthii tubo zquali- 
bus, exterioribus oblongis obtusis, 4 mm. latis, interioribus longioribus et 
latioribus, staminodiis purpurascentibus, 2 mm. latis, antheras superantibus, 


112 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 7 


apice truncatis et involutis ; antheris flavis subsessilibus, 4 mm. longis, apice 
involutis, basi sagittatis, filamentis tubo perianthii adnatis; stylo 4 mm. 
longo, stigmatibus revolutis; ovario sessili. 


Corm about 1—2 cm. in diameter with brown fibrous coats; leaves 
narrowly linear; scapes 1—5, slender, 1—2 dm. high; involucral bracts 
white-membranous, lanceolate-attenuate, 5—10 mm. long; 2—4 mm. wide 
at base; pedicels unequal, 1—5 cm. long; flowers purplish, campanulate, not 
constricted at the throat, about 2 cm. long, divisions as long as the tube, the 
outer oblong, obtuse, the inner narrower and more pointed, ribbed on 
the outside with a darker vein; staminodia purplish, 2 mm. broad, surpass- 
ing the anthers, truncate and incurved at apex; anthers yellow, 4 mm. long, 
apex incurved, slightly emarginate, base sagittate, filaments adnate to the 
perianth-tube; style about 4 mm. long, stigmas large, recurving, ovary 
sessile. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 167400, collected May, 
1915, at Jolon, Monterey County, California, by Mrs. Starr. 
Another specimen, also collected at Jolon, May 9, 1936, Eastwood 
& Howell No. 2390, has been used in the description, but it does 
not show the leaves as does the one taken as the type. There are 
also specimens from near “The Indians,” Santa Lucia Mts., 
Eastwood & Howell No. 2406. It is related to B. terrestris Kell., 
differing in longer scapes, purple obtuse staminodia, anthers very 
slightly emarginate, sagittate at base. The divisions of the peri- 
anth do not spread as in B. terrestris but are open-campanulate. 

Fritillaria eximia Eastwood, spec. nov. Bulbus conicus, squamis paucis, 
crassis, sine granis similibus oryze; foliis lanceolatis verticillatis, 6—9 cm. 
longis, apice obtusis, bracteis foliaceis, pedicellos superantibus; floribus 
purpurascentibus, maculatis, circa 2 cm. longis, basi cuneatis; perianthii 
segmentis lanceolatis, margine nonnumquam crispis, apice sepe incurvis; 
filamentis filiformibus, basi latis; stylo brevi, ramis longioribus recurvatis ; 
capsulis membranaceo-alatis, apice truncatis. 

Type: No. 196300, fruiting specimen; 196301, flowering 
specimen, collected in March, 1932, on the Pence Grade east of 
Paradise, Butte County, California, by Mrs. J. A. Morrison. 


The character of the bulb allies this with F. biflora Lindl. 
It differs in much smaller flowers and acutely winged pods. The 
flowers are a trifle larger than those of F. multiflora Kell. As is 
to be expected, there is variation in the color of the flowers, some 
being darker than others but all are flecked with linear or oblong 
lighter spots. The bulb consists of thick scales without any rice- 
like bulblets which are so characteristic of F. lanceolata Pursh 
and F. multiflora Kell. 


JULY, 1938] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 113 


INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—III 


BY PHILIP A. MUNZ 


Pomona College, Claremont, California 


Lipp1a Wricutil Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II, 16:98 (1853) 
and in Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 126 (1859). Known 
heretofore in California only from the Providence Mts., eastern 
Mohave Desert. Collected April 9, 1935, in a rocky gulch below 
Contact Mine, south of Twenty-nine Palms, in the Little San 
Bernardino Mts., Munz No. 13800. 

MIMULUS MONTIOIDES Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 380 (1868). 
Hitherto known from the Sierra Nevada of California and 
from the region about Carson City, Nevada. Collected April 30, 
1937, in Keane Spring Canyon, Death Valley at 3000 ft., 
M. French Gilman No. 2317 and 2318. 


Mimulus Bigelovii Gray var. panamintensis Munz, var. nov. Foliis 
lanceolatis aut ovatis; calycibus 6—8 mm. longis; corollis 15—18 mm. 
longis ; capsulis tenuibus, curvatis, 10—12 mm. longis. 


Plant viscid-villous, subsimple to freely branched, the branches 5—12 
cm. long; leaves as in the species, 1—3-nerved; pedicels 2—3 cm. long; 
calyx 6—8 mm. long; corolla 15—18 mm. long; throat yellow with tiny red 
dots ; upper lip rose with darker red stripes ; lower lip paler (white or pink) 
with transverse dark red band at base of streaked pink portion which is 
separated from the yellow throat by the band; anthers glabrous; stigma- 
lobes equal; capsule slender, curved, 10—12 mm. long. 

Type from dry gravelly places at 9800 ft. on the trail from 
Wildrose Canyon to Telescope Peak, Panamint Mts., Inyo Co., 
California, July 8, 1937, Munz No. 14785, Pomona College Her- 
barium No. 228,695 ; isotype at California Academy of Sciences. 
Another collection at 8600 feet on the same trail, Munz No. 
14786. Flowers smaller than in typical M. Bigelovii; anthers 
glabrous and capsules longer, as in var. cuspidatus Grant, but 
leaves much narrower than the almost rounded ones of that 
variety. Common in upper parts of the Panamint Mts. and with 
a quite different aspect from M. Bigelovii as generally seen. 

EUPATORIUM HERBACEUM (Gray) Greene, Pittonia 4: 279 
(1901). Heretofore not reported west of Utah and Arizona. 
Collected in California on a high slope above Keystone Spring, 
New York Mts., eastern Mohave Desert, at 6400 ft., October 13, 
1935, Munz No. 13892. 


Ii4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 7 


HELIANTHUS cruiartis DC., Prodr. 5: 587(1836). The Texas 
Blueweed is becoming established in California; various speci- 
mens have been brought in to me; for example, from Garfield 
Avenue, near Groves Street south of Monterey Park, Los Angeles 
Co., April 29, 1936, by Mr. Garrettson; and on the same day, 
from San José Avenue, south of Walnut, eastern Los Angeles 
Co., Garrettson. Mr. Ethelbert Johnson of Santa Ana wrote 
me under date of June 13, 1936, “Reported from 3 points in 
Los Angeles County, 1936.” 


ENCELIOPSIS NUDICAULIS (Gray) A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 47 : 433 
(1909). Previously known from Idaho to Arizona and Nevada. 
Collected May 11, 1937, at 6000 ft. altitude, Tin Mt., Death 
Valley, M. French Gilman No. 2407 and 2408. 


SENECIO SPARTIOIES T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. 2: 438 (1843). 
On Telescope Peak Trail, Panamint Mts., at 9500 ft., July 24, 
1937, Gilman No. 2208. Determination verified by Blake. 

SENECIO UTAHENSIS (A. Nels.) Greenman, Mongr. Senecio 
1:24 (1901). This can now be reported from Southern California, 
having been collected in Grapevine Mts., Death Valley, at 6500 
ft., May 28, 1937, M. French Gilman No. 2511, 2515, and 2516. 

CirsiIuM NIDULUM (Jones) Petrak, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 
352: 553 (1917). Previously known from Utah and Arizona. 
Common in canyon near Keystone Spring, New York Mts., 
eastern Mohave Desert, California, at 5200 ft., October 13, 1935, 
Munz No. 13862. Determination verified by Dr. S. F. Blake. 
The leaves and involucres are less floccose than in the type speci- 
men. This difference in pubescence may be due to the different 
times of year in which the specimens were collected: while the 
present specimen was collected in October, the type was collected 
on May 25. 

HECASTOCLEIS SHOCKLEYI Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 221 
(1882). To the Grapevine Mt. locality in California (Leadfield, 
Inyo Co.) given by Blake in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 141 
(1932) and those reported earlier from near Candelaria, Nevada, 
the following can now be added for this species. NEVADA: 
Columbus Marsh, Jones, June 17, 1927 ; Lida, Jones, June 4, 1924. 
CaLirorNiA: Cerro Gordo Road at 5000 ft., five miles east of 
Keeler, Inyo Co., June 12, 1935, Mark Kerr No. 22; near state 
line, head of Titus Canyon, Death Valley, Peirson, April 5, 1936. 


JULY, 1938] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 115 


APLOPAPPUS BRICKELLIOIDES Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 
35: 173 (1922). From Tin Mt., Cottonwood Mts., Death Valley, 
Inyo Co., at 6500 ft. alt., Gilman No. 2672. New to California. 
Determined by S. F. Blake. 

LAPHAMIA INTRICATA Brandg., Bot. Gaz. 27:450 (1899). 
From Tin Mt., Cottonwood Mts., Death Valley, at 6500 ft., 
Aug. 4, 1937, Gilman No. 2676. New to California. Determi- 
nation verified by Blake. 

LAPHAMIA MEGACEPHALA Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 301 (1873). 
From Wildrose Canyon, Panamint Mts., Inyo Co., at 6000 ft., 
July 24, 1937, Gilman No. 2224. New to California. Determi- 
nation verified by Blake. 


TANACETUM CANUM D. C. Eaton in King, Geol. Expl. 40th 
Par. 5: 179 (1871). Summit of Telescope Peak, Panamint Mts., 
July 8, 1937, Munz No. 14797, in company with M. French Gil- 
man. Previously collected there by Gilman, and determined 
by Blake. 


Two AppITIONS TO THE FLora oF Montana. In the fall of 
1933 a visit was made to a shallow “pothole” two miles south of 
Charlo, Montana, where it was noted that the surface of the 
water, which varied in depth from 5 to 18 inches, was covered 
with Lilea subulata H. B. K. Observation led to the belief that 
the plants were being pulled up by mallard ducks and that the 
birds were eating the roots and basal portions of the leaves. 
Associated with the Flowering Quillwort, which was distributed 
under the number 2235, were Utricularia vulgaris L., Isoetes sp., 
Marsilea vestita H. & G. and Zannichellia palustris L. 


In the summer of 1934 the writer’s attention was called to a 
plant that was rapidly spreading through one of the irrigated 
alfalfa fields of the Winnecook Ranch Company in Wheatland 
County. Although the infestation had started but a year before, 
a patch of the alfalfa about one hundred feet square had been 
invaded by the obnoxious weed. The plant, collected in the 
Musselshell River bottom, eight miles east of Harlowton, and 
deposited in the University of Montana herbarium under the 
collector’s number 2467, has proven to be Centaurea repens L.— 
C. Leo Hitchcock, University of Washington, Seattle. 


116 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. NO, 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—IV 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Nos. 93 and 97. CaLocHortus aLBus (Benth.) Dougl. ex 
Benth. The two specimens of this species in the Russian col- 
lection appeared to be alike in all particulars except the numbers 
on the labels. The specimens are in flower and may well represent 
the type of Douglas’ name, although the species was formally 
described from cultivated material under the generic name Cyclo- 
bothra by Bentham (Trans. Hort. Soc. ser. 2, 1: 413, tab. 14, 
fig. 3). Specimens collected by Douglas served Lindley as type 
for Cyclobothra paniculata (Bot. Reg. sub tab. 1662).*° 


No. 95. CaLocHortus LUTEUS Dougl. ex Lindl. Like so 
many species named by Douglas from plants in the wild, this 
species was finally described from plants grown in England from 
bulbs collected by Douglas. The specimen in the Russian col- 
lection was in poor condition, but it was possible to study the 
character of the gland, which is of critical importance in the 
genus. The gland of Douglas’ plant was almost perfectly semi- 
circular. Compared with the gland depicted in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 
1, fig. 5le, it was just a trifle higher for the length but was not 
any more lunate. Prof. Jepson writes me that the material 
from which this figure was prepared was collected at Columbia, 
Tuolumne County (Jepson No. 6285). 


No. 98. CALOCHORTUS PULCHELLUS (Benth.) Dougl. ex 
Benth. Although this species was described from cultivated 
specimens, it was intensely interesting to see specimens collected 
by Douglas to learn first hand about the distribution of hairs on 
the inside of the petals and the length of the fringe. The fringe- 
hairs were 1 mm. long and the hairs on the inside of the petals 
were distributed from base to tip but became more sparse the 
farther from the gland. 


10 In preparing these notes, it came to my attention that in Abrams IIl. 
Fl. Pac. States the date of publication of Cyclobothra paniculata is given 
as 1834 and that of C. alba as 1835. The plate of C. alba in Bot. Reg. 
(No. 1661) is dated April 1, 1834 and since it is apparent from the context 
that this was published after Bentham’s article in the Hort. Soc. Trans., 
the date of Bentham’s publication must have been 1834 and not 1835 as 
given by Jepson (FI. Calif. 1:300) and by Abrams (1. c., 1:432). Further 
evidence that 1834 is the date of publication is that parts of Bentham’s 
article were republished in French in Paris in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, vol 2, 
in 1834. This translation is termed ‘‘Extrait des Transactions of horti- 
cultural Soc. 1834’ (1. ¢., 80). This is also the date given for Bentham’s 
work by B. D. Jackson, Guide Bot. Lit. 116 (1881). 


JULY, 1938] DOUGLAS’ WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 217 


Plants from Mt. Diablo presented a close, if not exact, match 
in these characters. One specimen from north of San Francisco 
was seen in which these characters were partly present, Howell 
No. 6076, from Wooden Valley Grade, Napa County. In this 
collection the shape of the petals and length of the fringe corre- 
spond to the characters in the Douglas collection but the hairs 
on the inside of the petals only extended to half way between the 
gland and the apex of the petal. Plants from the north coast 
ranges which have been called C. amabilis Purdy usually have 
even more restricted fewer hairs and shorter fringe. 


No. 94. CALOCHORTUS SPLENDENS Dougl. ex Benth. The 
Douglas collection is quite like specimens of the species from the 
Santa Lucia Mts. The species was described and figured from 
plants cultivated in England. 

No. 96. CaLocHorTus uNIFLoRUS H. & A. The Russian 
specimen which is a part of the type collection was well matched 
by E. K. Abbott’s collection from “Monterey County” in Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. 

No. —. CALocHorTUS VENUsTUS Dougl. ex Benth. In the 
pocket on the sheet of Mentzelia Lindleyi T. & G. were flower 
fragments of this Calochortus which were recognized by the dis- 
tinctive quadrate gland on the petals. This species was described 
from plants cultivated in England. 

No. 88. CHLORAGALUM POMERIDIANUM (DC.) Kunth. 
This collection of Douglas is not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 90. FRITILLARIA LILIACEA Lindl. The type collection 
of this species found an excellent match in plants collected in 
the Potrero, San Francisco, by Kellogg and Harford, in March, 
1868. 

No. 72. FRITILLarIA MuTica Lindl. The Russian specimen 
has only two flowers and the leaves are linear from a narrow base. 
Lindley’s type, which was collected by Douglas in California, 
was described with many flowers and with leaves wide at base. 
The present Douglas plant may have been an inferior part of the 
original collection or it may be another collection made by Doug- 
las in California. The plant referred to F. mutica in Bot. Beechey, 
397, is perhaps like the one we have examined. Fritillaria 
mutica is nearly related to F. lanceolata Pursh, by which name 
it is frequently known in California. 


118 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 7 


No. 91. MuiLta maritima (Torr.) Wats. Douglas’ col- 
lection, perhaps from near Monterey, is not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 100. Trittium seEssiLE L. Douglas’ collection fur- 
nished the type of T. sessile B giganteum H. & A.., one of several 
western varieties of T. sessile which are brought together under 
the specific designation T. chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell. 

No. —. XEROPHYLLUM TENAX (Pursh) Nutt. This speci- 
men may not have been collected by Douglas, since it did not 
carry the usual label, but instead, one of the labels of the Russian 
Californian plants (see pp. 17-20 preceding) on which the name 
of “Wossnesensky”’ was crossed off and that of Douglas written 
on. The specimen consists of two unusually long inflorescences 
(one is 4 dm. long) which were past fruiting when collected. A 
collection of this by Douglas is not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 101. Iris LoncipeTaLta Herbert. The flowers of this 
collection were unusually small for the species, only little more 
than half the size of the larger more typical flowers. Miss East- 
wood, who examined the Douglas collection, also considered it 
to be a small-flowered aspect of J. longipetala.'* 

No. 102. SisyRINCHIUM BELLUM Wats. It is the large- 
flowered coastal variant of this species which is represented by 
the Douglas collection. The perianth is 1.2—1.5 cm. long. This 
collection is not listed by Hooker and Arnott. 

No. 103. CoRALLORRHIZA MACULATA Raf. 

No. 66. ARCEUTHOBIUM CAMPYLOPODUM Engelm. The 
host is the Monterey Pine, Pinus radiata Don. The Pine Mistletoe 
is not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 80. ABRONIA LATIFOLIA Esch. In Bot. Beechey 384, 
this was reported as A. arenaria Menz. ex Hook. 

No. 81. ABRONIA UMBELLATA Lam. This plant, so common 
and so beautiful on the snowy dunes of the Monterey Peninsula, 
may be the one reported as A. mellifera in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 59. Montia Exicua (T. & G.) Jepson. The plants 
were very young and the determination is doubtful. However, 

11 When the Douglas plants were examined, no collection of Iris longi- 
petala Herbert was seen with flowers as small as those of Douglas’ specimen. 
However, during the past spring Miss Eastwood and I collected a form of 
I. longipetala with flowers much smaller than usual and quite as small as 
the flowers of Douglas’ plant when compared with the photograph of the 
Douglas specimen (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.). Our collection was made near 
Nicasio, Marin County, May 8, 1938 (Hastwood € Howell No. 5500). From 
the dimensions given by Herbert in the original description of I. longipetala 


(Bot. Beechey, 395), it does not appear likely that he saw the small-flowered 
Iris collected by Douglas. 


JULY, 1938] NEW SPECIES OF PENSTEMON 119 


they may be a very inferior part of the original collection which 
was obtained in California by Douglas (Fl. N. A. 1: 200). 


No. 183. DrLteHINIuM VARIEGATUM T. & G. The Russian 
specimen, which is part of the type collection, was examined by 
Joseph A. Ewan, who said that it was “most certainly from the 
vicinity of Atascadero or inner San Luis Obispo County.” In 
the spring of 1937, Miss Eastwood and I collected a larkspur 
near Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County, which is quite like 
the original Douglas collection as I remember it. 


No. 195. TRoprpocARPUM GRACILE Hook. The specimen 
which I studied was apparently part of the type collection of 
T. scabriusculum Hook., now generally regarded as a slightly 
more pubescent aspect of T. gracile. 


No. 37. AC#NA PINNATIFIDA R. & P. var. CALIFORNICA 
(Bitt.) Jepson. 


A NEW SPECIES OF PENSTEMON 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Penstemon papillatus J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba erecta ad 4 dm. 
alta; caulibus paucis ex caudice subligneo ramoso, 3—5 mm. crassis, infra 
tenuiter cinereo-puberulentibus, in inflorescentia glanduloso-villosis ; foliis 
radicalibus ellipticis ad orbicularibus, ad 6 cm. longis, ad 2.5 cm. latis, 
crasso-coriaceis, pallide griseo-virescentibus, tenuiter pubescentibus, in- 
tegris, acutis vel obtusis, basi attenuatis ad petiolum gracilem marginatum, 
3—4 cm. longum; foliis caulinis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, oblanceolatis 
vel oblongis, basi dilatis vel subrotundatis; inflorescentia 1—2 dm. longa, 
anguste racemoso-paniculata, ramis 1—5-floris, stricte erectis, inflorescentiz 
bracteis inferioribus foliaceis et lanceolatis; calice glanduloso-villoso, sub 
anthesi 7 mm. longo, in senectute 9 mm. longo, lobis lanceolatis acuminatis ; 
corolla violaceo-czrulea, cylindraceo-campanulata, paulum ampliata, 2.5 cm. 
longa, visciduloso-pubescenti extra, glabra intus, lobis 3 mm. longis; 
staminibus ex faucibus paulum exsertis, filamentis glabris, antheris ochro- 
leucis, minute ubique papillatis, 2 mm. longis, saccis 1—1.5 mm. longis, 
sutura ciliata; staminodio 15 mm. longo, aureobarbato 9 mm.; pistillo 
glabro, ovario ovato, basi contracto-stipitato, 3 mm. longo, stylo circa 2 cm. 
longo; capsula 7—9 mm. longa, longirostrata, perfacile fracta subchartaceo 
basi. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 256844, collected by 
Miss Anita Noldeke at the south end of Long Valley near Hilton 
Creek, Mono County, California, June, 1938; the description of 
the fruit from a specimen collected in July, 1937 (Herb. Calif. 


120 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Il, NO. 7 


Acad. Sci. No. 255382). Apparently this plant is the same as 
the one in Herb. Pomona College, collected by Robert Kessler 
near the head of Bishop Creek, Inyo County, which was regarded 
as an undescribed species by Dr. D. D. Keck, who has graciously 
withdrawn his interest in the species in my favor. 


In the matter of relationships, P. papillatus appears to be 
anomalous. Although in the character of the anther it is un- 
questionably a member of the section Saccanthera, it does not 
seem to be so closely related to any other species of that sec- 
tion as it is to certain species of the section Aurator, a section 
in which the anthers are very different. In fact in many critical 
characters, aside from the anther-character, our plant seems to 
exhibit a relationship to such a species of the section Aurator as 
P. monoensis Heller, a species that occurs in the same geographic 
region with it. In the shape and texture of the leaves, in the 
character and variation of the pubescence, in the texture, shape 
and venation of the calyx and in the dimorphic texture of the 
ovary and capsule, our plant finds a close parallel to, or corre- 
spondence in, P. monoensis and related species. 


The discovery of this plant leaves little question in my mind 
as to the polyphyletic origin of the Saccanthera, a view indicated 
by Keck but not accepted by him ( Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 16:371). 
Another explanation for the origin of our species would be to 
suggest hybridization between a member of the section Aurator 
and some species with saccate anthers, but this view does not 
seem tenable with our present knowledge. Distinctive as the 
anther-character is and useful and important as it must always 
be in taxonomic treatments, it may be that a closer approach to 
the origins and proper relationships of the species of the section 
Saccanthera might be attained if emphasis were shifted to other 
characters of the plants. 


GALIUM SAXATILE IN Orecon. In the course of making a 
plant collection on the Reed College Campus, Portland, Oregon, 
in connection with my senior thesis, I found Galium saxatile L. 
It grew in thick, matted patches on the campus lawn. As nearly 
as I can determine it is a species not before reported from the 
Pacific Coast.—Una Davies. 


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be = PUTANIC 


GASPED 
Vot. II No. 8 1 


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LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


a 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
OTS SS), G by Cana ae eee a IA REL RON ith! 
J. W. Stacey 
The Yellow-Flowered Perennial Lupines of the 
CaN TOES SAR ae ANC ESI Ye, uA 
Auice Eastwoop 
rere Panta fo 3 gk Oa on Py ae Ms es 
Rosert F. Hoover 
meivew opecies of Eriogonum .°. ...... ow». . = 433 
Joun Tuomas Howe. 
A Botanical Visit to the Vancouver Pinnacles—II + ae hee 
JouHn THomas Howe. 
A New Variety of Delphinium californicum . . . . 137 
Axice Eastwoop 
Notes on Plants of New Mexico—I UTM YET 
A. L. HersHEY 
A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—V . 139 


Joun THomas Howe. 


SAN Francisco, CALIFORNIA 
Novemser 16, 1938 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bor. 


POUR RL 


INCHES 


Pe ieee ia LEA AL baad ue ba ab 


Owned and published by 


Auice Eastwoop and JouN THomaAs Howe. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] NOTES ON CAREX 121 


NOTES ON CAREX—XIV 
BY J. W. STACEY 


Carex Eastwoodiana Stacey, spec. nov. Dense cxspitosa, culmis foliis 
longioribus, 2—4 dm. altis, paulum crassis, 2—4 mm. diametro, rigidis, 
obtuse triangularibus vel subteretibus subter, foliis aggregatis ad basem, 
laminis amplis, 6—20 cm. longis, 1.5—4 mm. latis, pallide viridibus ; spicis 
2ad 5, 6—12 mm. longis, 5—8 mm. latis, coartatis ad basem sed haud clava- 
tis, spicis congestis in capitula erecta, 15—30 cm. longa, 6—12 mm. lata, 
squamis ovatis, ferrugineis; perigyniis concavo-convexis, oblongo-lanceo- 
latis, 5—6 mm. longis, 1.75—2.25 mm. latis, ferrugineis in senectute, paulum 
conspicue marginatis, margine viridi-alatis ex basi, prominenter sed tenui- 
ter multistriatis utrimque, in rostrum 2 mm. longum apice ferrugineum et 
terete supra hyalinum et leve attenuatis; acheniis oblongis, 2 mm. longis, 
1.25 mm. latis, subfuscis, nitentibus. 


Densely cespitose, the rootstocks densely matted, blackish, fibrillose, 
the culms 2—4 dm. high, rather stout, 2—4 mm. thick at base, stiff, exceed- 
ing the leaves, obtusely triangular or nearly terete below, obtusely tri- 
angular above, brownish at base, the dried-up leaves of the previous year 
conspicuous, the lower bladeless; leaves with well developed blades 3 to 6 
to a fertile culm, clustered toward the base, the blades flat or more or less 
canaliculate, ascending, usually 6—20 cm. long, 15—4 mm. wide, stiff, 
light green, roughened toward the apex, the sheaths tight, white-hyaline 
ventrally, truncate at mouth, short-prolonged beyond base of blade; sterile 
culm leaves similar; inflorescence consisting of 2 to 5, usually 3 or 4, spikes 
aggregated into an erect head 15—30 cm. long, 6—12 cm. thick, the lower 
one or two spikes usually a little separate, the spikes ovoid, oblong-ovoid 
to oblong-obovoid, 6—12 mm. long, 5—8 mm. thick, gynzcandrous, obtuse 
to acutish at apex, narrowed at base but not clavate, the perigynia about 
10—-20, appressed-ascending, the beaks somewhat conspicuous ; lower bracts 
much shorter than the head, the upper scale-like; scales ovate, acute, 
reddish-brown, with lighter 1—3-nerved center and white-hyaline margins, 
nearly as long as and as wide as the perigynia and nearly concealing them; 
perigynia concavo-convex, oblong-lanceolate, 5—6 mm. long, 1.75—2.25 
mm. wide, strongly dilated over achenes, reddish-brown at maturity, rather 
conspicuously margined, the margins green-winged to base, serrulate to 
below the middle, strongly but slenderly many-striate on both faces, sub- 
stipitate, tapering and spongy at base, tapering into a beak about 2 mm. 
long, reddish-brown tipped, serrulate below, hyaline-tipped and smooth 
above, bidentulate ; achenes lenticular, oblong, 2 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, 
substipitate, apiculate, brownish, shining; style straight, slender, jointed 
with achene, at length deciduous. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 130386, Henderson No. 
5583, collected at Dixie Mountain, Grant Co., Oregon. This 
species is named in honor of Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator of 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 121-144, November 16, 1938. 


ew LA ini 


C4 @f) 


122 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 8 


Botany at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, 
California. 

This species has been seen many times in herbaria, but was 
confused with C. pheocephala Piper and C. petasata Dewey. 
Both of these names have been given to this species by Mackenzie, 
and other names have been given by other authorities. It may be 
distinguished from C. pheocephala Piper and from C. petasata 
Dewey as follows: 

Perigynia nearly nerveless ventrally, abruptly contracted into a beak, 
ree Ag 66161 Od Lo) 6 -Aanen nme eae RAILS. hae og eens Fe Teele 8 C. pheocephala 
Perigynia strongly nerved ventrally, tapering into a beak. 

Perigynia 5—6 mm. long; culms obtusely triangular, thick at base _ 

row cbsb esa tees Nhat te Bee SCRE oe eaeeg htt Ape A C. Eastwoodiana 

Perigynia 6—8 mm. long; culms acutely triangular, slender to the 

PreUS eee sa eee Ue a EO ES ee Lire ie a an ee Core C. petasata 

The species ranges from Montana and Utah to Oregon and 
Washington. Specimens from the Olympic Mts., Washington, 
are a little different from those in other regions, but it is only a 
minor variation. The following are representative of the species.* 

IpAHo: Devil’s Bedstead, Thompson No. 13558 (CAS, NY); 
Weissner’s Peak, Leiberg No. 1353 (GH, NY, P, RM, UO, US), 
Sandberg No. 610 (CAS, GH, NY, US). 

Montana: Altyn Peak, Standley No. 15567 (NY, US); 
Lake Josephine, Standley No. 15343 (NY, US); Yogo, R. S. 
Williams No. 647 (GH). 

Orecon: Dixie Mt., Henderson No. 5583 (CAS, type; GH). 

Urtan: Alta, M. E. Jones No. 1259 (NY); La Sal Mts., 
E. B.& L. B. Payson No. 4041 (GH, NY, RM, UW) ; Mt. Ellen, 
M. E. Jones No. 564az (P). 


WasHINncTon: Mt. Angeles, Thompson No. 5513 (NY); 
Obstruction Peak Road, Carl H. English, Jr., No. 2655 (CAS). 


Wyominc: Beartooth Lake, L. O. & Rua Williams No. 3571 
(CAS, NY); Dunraven Peak, A. & E. Nelson No. 6718 (GH, 
RM), No. 6725 (GH, DH, ND, NY, P, RM, US); Medicine 
Bow Mts., A. Nelson No. 7738 (NY, US) ; Prospect Creek, Big 
Horn Mts., L. O. & Rua Williams No. 3265 (CAS, GH, WSC) ; 


* The abbreviations used are: CAS, California Academy of Sciences; 
DH, Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University; GH, Gray Herbarium, Har- 
vard University; ND, University of Notre Dame; NY, New York Botanical 
Garden; P, Pomona College; RM, Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University 
of Wyoming; UO, University of Oregon; US, United States National Her- 
barium; UW, University of Washington; WSC, Washington State College. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] NOTES ON CAREX 123 


Ryan’s Lake, M. E. Jones, Aug. 3, 1905 (in part, P) ; Telephone 
Mines, A. Nelson No. 6718 (GH, NY, P, RM, US); Upper 
Green River Lake, E. B. & L. B. Payson No. 4603 (NY, RM). 


Carex Constanceana Stacey, spec. nov. Dense cespitosa, rhizomati- 
bus brevibus, nigrescentibus, similibus cormis; culmis 3—3.5 dm. altis, 
erectis, angulis scabridis supra; foliis 3 vel 4 ad quemque fertilem culmum, 
canaliculatis, laminis amplis, revolutis margine, firmis, pallide viridibus, 
vaginis valde hyalinis ventre ; spicis 3 ad 6, seepe 4, in capitula 2—3 cm. longa 
approximatis ; squamis ovatis, circa 4—5 mm. longis, perigyniis angusti- 
oribus; perigyniis plano-convexis, lanceolato-ovoideis, 6—7 mm. longis, 
2 mm. latis, valde striatis dorso, minus ventre; acheniis lenticularibus, 
oblongis, 2.5 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, pallide fuscis. 

Densely cespitose, the rootstocks short, blackish, corm-like, the culm 
3—3.5 dm. high, biennial, much exceeding the leaves, slender, erect, rough 
on the angles above, reddish-brown at base and clothed with the dried-up 
leaves of the previous year, the lower bladeless ; leaves with well-developed 
blades 3 or 4 to each fertile culm on lower fourth, the blades canaliculate, 
revolute on margins, 8—15 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. wide, firm, light green, 
the sheaths strongly hyaline ventrally, short-prolonged at mouth beyond 
base of blade and continuous with the ligule; spikes 3 to 6, mostly 4, approxi- 
mate in a head 2—3 cm. long, the spikes oblong-obovoid, 8—15 mm. long, 
5—7 mm. wide, clavate at base, the perigynia 10 to 18 in several to many 
rows, appressed, somewhat ascending-spreading at maturity; bracts scale- 
like or the lowest short-prolonged; scales ovate, obtuse or acutish, about 
two-thirds of the length of the perigynia; perigynia plano-convex, lance- 
ovoid, 6—7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, thin, green, or in age straw-colored, 
strongly striate dorsally, less strongly striate ventrally, short-stipitate, 
contracted at base, narrowly margined from base, tapering into a sharply 
bidentate beak, the apex and dorsal sutures reddish-tinged, the tip terete, 
smooth or nearly so; achenes lenticular, oblong, 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. 
wide, light brownish, short-stipitate, apiculate; style slender, straight, 
jointed with the achene; stigmas 2, slender. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 242987, Suksdorf No. 
6864, collected at Mt. Adams, Washington. Other sheets with 
this number are in the State College of Washington, Pullman, 
New York Botanical Garden, and Rocky Mountain Herbarium, 
Laramie, Wyoming. This species is named in honor of Dr. 
Lincoln Constance, of the Botanical Department of the University 
of California, Berkeley, California. 

This species belongs to the section Owales, subsection Speci- 
fice, and may be differentiated from the other species of this 
subsection by the following artificial key : 


124 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


Scales about the length and width of the perigynia........................ C. petasata 
Scales shorter and narrower than the perigynia. 
Scales with narrowly hyaline margins; perigynia finely several- to 
many-striate ventrally. 
Spikes not capitate, 3 to 6. 
Spikes usually 3; rootstocks not corm-like; leaves flat, dark 


preen; thine cee a Clee ee C. Davyi 
Spikes usually 4 or 5, rootstocks corm-like ; leaves canalicu- 
late; light \erben: Miri cco hh seat C. Constanceana 
Spikes capitate: (Gite cee Orin ae 0 eae yey C. specifica 
Scales with broad, shining, white-hyaline margins; perigynia nerve- 
fess “ventrally 02). pcre ae ha aah oe ee C. Wooton 


The distribution of this subsection is very interesting. Carex 
petasata Dewey ranges from Saskatchewan to Utah, westward 
to Nevada, northern California (one collection in Lassen Co.), 
eastern Oregon, Washington and British Columbia; C. Davyi 
Mackenzie is confined to the central Sierra Nevada in California ; 
C. specifica L. H. Bailey is endemic in the Sierra Nevada of 
California from Eldorado Co. to Tulare Co., and occurs locally 
on Mt. Rose in Nevada; C. Wootoni Mackenzie has been found 
only in the mountains of Arizona and New Mexico; while the 
newly described species, C. Constanceana, has been collected once 
on Mt. Adams, Washington. 


? Y rt 


Carex ablata L. H. Bailey, has been detected before in Cali- 
fornia only in the northwestern tier of counties: Siskiyou, Trinity 
and Humboldt. This year it was collected by John Thomas 
Howell (No. 13896) on Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co. This is a 
considerable extension of its range, and is remarkable from the 
fact that Mt. Tamalpais has been visited over and over again, 
and so far as known it has not been collected there before. 


Y q 7 


Two extensions of range of Carex abrupta Mackenzie may 
be noted: one, which was to be expected, from Glenbrook, 
Nevada, just over the California line, collected by Lewis S. Rose, 
July 25, 1935; the other, which was totally unexpected, from 
Cranberry Lake, Fidalgo Island, in northwestern Washington, 
collected by I. C. Otis, (No. 2284). It may be possible that the 
Washington plant is an introduction, as the nearest collections 
have been in the mountains of southwestern Oregon. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 125 


THE YELLOW-FLOWERED PERENNIAL LUPINES 
OF THE PACIFIC STATES 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


The yellow-flowered lupines are few compared with the great 
number of those in the blue and purple shades. To bring those 
now known together with a key and descriptions is the aim of 
this paper. Relationships and affinities are not considered. The 
yellow of the corolla is a pure yellow, not cream or pale yellow. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


PER ATIESH SLIT UD DV eee cat ase ehh eee on es Ree ea ee L. arboreus Sims 
PERI ATIESH EEDA CCOUIS tn keys sete aoe oe sean te ao. eee On arisen a ae Se ere 2 
Be Stems, SCapose va) ine sns ct: ein lated eee oe! L. Peirsoni H. L. Mason 
MECC Metres atte att wi La els Behe ah Indy ant he Lela) OES) hi eee 3 
pen lbeeanets actuiunate datrapex anid) DaS@. 7.025. sts nee eee ee eens 4 
MI EAe LSE OULMSE rata ADO Kes sensei nsecee comets sect haat he eee caete seep oe ke 5 
4. Leaflets 12 to 15, linear-lanceolate; flowers about 9 mm. long; keel 
Lge 1 eevee Re SAC EE SR oe aie L. sulphureus (Dougl.) Hook. 
4. Leaflets 9 to 11, lanceolate; flowers almost 2 cm. long; keel ciliate 
ele tne mace oe i ht een, L. Sabinti (Dougl.) Hook. 
5. Pubescence silvery, silky-appressed; upper calyx-division bidentate, 
Power idarerpeagere: e002 8 ee ee L. croceus Eastwood 
5. Pubescence short, spreading-pilose; calyx-divisions almost equal, 
TIS Tis Ae ESS EP ate tno ac 1 2 ole ae ees L. pilosellus Eastwood 


LUPINUS ARBOREUS Sims. This is the maritime bush lupine 
which was discussed in a preceding article (Leafl. West. Bot. 
2282). 

Lupinus Perrsonr H. L. Mason. A specimen from Mr. 
Frank Peirson in the Herbarium of the California Academy of 
Sciences shows the characteristic habit, leaves, and pubescence 
of this species. The type was collected by H. L. Mason, No. 3026, 
in Rock Creek Canyon at the lower edge of the pinion pine belt, 
altitude 4250 ft., Los Angeles County, California, April 27, 1926. 
It is named in honor of Mr. Frank Peirson, who has collected 
so extensively and so well in Southern California. 

The following fine description is by Dr. Mason (Madrofo 
1: 187): 

“Lupinus peirsoni is a very striking member of the genus 
with its many erect close spikes of yellow flowers standing out 


126 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


above a rounded mass of silvery-white foliage. It grows in the 
loose talus soil formed by the weathering away of the dry hills 
on the desert side of the San Gabriel Mountains. Its roots are 
deeply buried, due to the constant and rapid accumulation of soil 
about the plant, and its crown is diversely branched many inches 
below the present soil level.” 


While studying the type specimens of lupines at the Royal 
Herbarium at Kew, I made the following more detailed descrip- 
tions of the types of L. sulphureus and L. Sabinit. 


LUPINUS SULPHUREUS (Dougl.) Hook. Leaflets sometimes 15, falcate, 
when folded 2—5 mm. wide, 3 cm. long; petioles of radical leaves 1 dm. 
long, above becoming shorter than the leaflets; divisions of stipules subu- 
late-acuminate; peduncles 4—6 cm. long, pedicels ascending, 8 mm. long; 
bracts deciduous; racemes rather dense, 6—10 cm. long, somewhat verti- 
cillate ; calyx broad at base, neither saccate nor spurred, sinus 4 mm. broad, 
ebracteolate, lobes spreading, the upper with 2 spreading teeth 2 mm. long, 
the lower narrower, entire, 5 mm. long; corolla yellow, about 1 cm. long, 
banner glabrous externally with a fold almost half its width to the very 
top; wings covering keel except at tip, keel broad, curved, glabrous, wings 
5 mm. broad; stems about 3 dm. high. 


“Hab. On the Blue Mountains of North-West America, and 
on elevated grounds near the source of Clarke’s River. Douglas.” 


Lupinus Sasinit (Dougl.) Hook. Stems (upper part only present) 
stout and hollow, finely appressed-silky-pubescent, coarsely striate; petioles 
slender, equaling or exceeding the leaflets, 3—5 cm. long, stipules adnate 
but little, the divisions long, hairy, filiform; leaflets involute, falcate, mid- 
rib prominent, acuminate at both ends, 2—5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, closely 
and finely appressed-silky-pubescent on both sides ; raceme short-peduncled, 
2 dm. long; flowers numerous, yellow, subverticillate, bracts deciduous, 
pedicels slender, 1 cm. long; calyx ebracteolate, base saccate, 3 mm. high, 
lower lip keeled, reflexed, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide when flattened, upper 
lip 4 mm. long and as wide, bidentate, triangular-ovate; banner saccate at 
base, ovate-orbicular, 18 mm. long, 15 mm. wide, claw 2 mm.; wings con- 
cealing keel, 2 cm. long, 11 mm. wide; claw 2.5 mm. long, base semicordate ; 
keel curved, 5 mm. broad, obtuse, ciliate on the margin about the middle. 


“Hab. On the Blue Mountains of North-West America, and 
on the Dividing Ridge of the Rocky Mountains, near the confines 
of perpetual snow. Douglas.” 


Lupinus croceus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules erecti basi ramosi, infra 
prope nudi, supra foliosi, ramulis sterilibus vel floriferis striatis; foliis 
sericeis, petiolis prope equilongis foliolis, divaricatis, gracilibus; foliolis 
6 vel 7, oblanceolatis, apice obtusis et mucronatis, 4—5 cm. longis, 5—10 mm. 
latis, stipulis adnatis, segmentis filiformibus, divaricatis; floribus croceis, 


NOVEMBER, 1938] LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 127 


diffusis vel subverticillatis; racemis terminalibus breviter pedunculatis, 
6—10 cm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus divaricatis paulo brevioribus calyci- 
bus; calycis labio inferiore integro, 4 mm. longo, labio superiore breviore 
bidentato, sino lato, ebracteolato; vexillo orbiculato, 10 mm. lato, glabro, 
breviore alis; alis 6 mm. latis, carina lata, glabra, prope tecta alis ; legumi- 
nibus divaricatis, hirsutis; seminibus 4 mm. longis, luridis, nebulosis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62307, collected on the 
north side of Mt. Shasta, June 11-16, 1897, altitude 5000-9000 
feet, by H. E. Brown, No. 396. There is a duplicate in the U. S. 
National Herbarium which was distributed by H. E. Brown. 
The type in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. was saved from the 1906 
disaster. The description of the legume is from a specimen col- 
lected by the author at Castle Lake, Siskiyou Co., California. 
Specimens from Mt. Eddy, collected by the author, No. 1991, 
and one collected by A. A. Heller, No. 12097, are like the type. 
The following specimens, chiefly from Trinity County, are taller 
and more branching: Scott Mt., between Trinity and Siskiyou 
counties, Howell No. 13667, also Mrs. H. C. Cantelow; Big Flat, 
Trinity Co., Howell No. 13207; South Fork of Salmon River 
near Big Flat, Siskiyou Co., at about 5000 ft. elevation, Howell 
No. 13314; Dorleska, Trinity Co., 6500 ft. elevation, H. M. 
Hall No. 8610. 

Lupinus pilosellus Eastwood, spec. nov. Ramosus basi, ramis ascen- 
dentibus, sulcatis, breviter pilosis; foliolis 5 ad 9, oblanceolatis, obtusis, 
3.5—4.5 cm. longis, circa 7 mm. latis, supra et infra breviter pilosis, petiolis 
gracilibus, brevioribus vel longioribus foliolis, stipulis adnatis, segmentis 
filiformibus ; racemis terminalibus breviter pedunculatis, circa 10—12 cm. 
longis; floribus luteis, diffusis, circa 13 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus, 
divaricatis, circa 5 mm. longis; bracteis filiformibus, deciduis, superantibus 
pedicellos ; vexillo orbiculato, prope 1 cm. diametro, breviore alis, brunneo- 
maculato, apice carinato; alis 6 mm. latis, carina 5 mm. lata, margine 
inferiore minute ciliata, apice et dorso exserta; leguminibus ignotis. 

Type: No. 247216 and 247880, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., col- 
lected June 25, 1937, between Eagle and Bear creeks, Trinity Co., 
California, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4965. 


While this grew in the same general region in Trinity Co. as 
L. croceus, it was at a lower altitude and in the valley rather than 
on the mountain side. The difference in appearance, due to the 
hairy rather than the silvery pubescence of L. croceus, drew 
attention to the other differences not so striking, such as the 
shorter entire divisions of the calyx, the fine ciliz on the keel, the 


128 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 8 


longer leaflets (dull from the short spreading hairs instead of 
shining with appressed-silvery-silky pubescence) and the habit 
of growth (the stems ascending instead of erect). Both have the 
peduncles almost concealed by the leaves, and the flowers are 
about the same color and size. The banner is folded back so that 
at the apex the edges unite to form a sort of keel. 


NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 


BY ROBERT F. HOOVER 


The species here discussed were found during the summers 
of 1937 and 1938. Apparently none of them has been found by 
other collectors. The writer has had the advantage of being able 
to compare the new species with living plants of the species to 
which they seem most closely related. The types have been placed 
in the Herbarium of the University of California. Isotypes are 
to be distributed. 

Chlorogalum grandiflorum Hoover, spec. nov. Bulbo ovoideo, 5—7 
cm. longo, fuscis membranaceis tunicis vestito, fibris delicatis in tunica 
exteriore; foliis radicalibus valde undulatis, 4—12 mm. latis, 1—3 dm. 
longis; caule gracili, 3—6 dm. alto; inflorescentia paniculata, ramis as- 
cendentibus; pedicellis crassis, 2—5 mm. longis; segmentis perianthii 
linearibus, 2—3 cm. longis, albis, purpureo-costatis, sub anthesi recurvatis ; 
staminibus perianthio paulum brevioribus, antheris flavyis, 3 mm. longis; 
stylo 18—28 mm. longo, equilongo perianthio, seepe exserto post anthesin; 
capsula stipitata, 5—8 mm. longa, loculis biovulatis. 

Bulb ovoid, 5—7 cm. long, with brown membranous coats, the outer 
with delicate fibers ; leaves basal, strongly undulate, 4—12 mm. broad; 1—3 
dm. long; stem slender, 3—6 dm. tall; inflorescence paniculate, the branches 
ascending ; pedicels stout, 2—5 mm. long ; perianth-segments linear, 2—3 cm. 
long, white with purple mid-vein, recurved at anthesis; stamens a little 
shorter than perianth; anthers yellow, 3 mm. long; style 18—28 mm. long, 
equalling perianth, often exserted after anthesis; capsule stipitate, 5—8 mm. 
long; ovules 2 in each locule. 


Among serpentine rocks on openly brushy hills: three miles 
north of Keystone, Tuolumne Co., June 3, 1937, Hoover No. 2364 
(type); three miles south of Chinese Camp, Tuolumne Co., 
Hoover No. 2558. The flowers open around four in the after- 
noon. 

The plants resemble a small form of C. pomeridianum (DC.) 
Kunth, but the bulb-coats, instead of being coarsely fibrous, are 


NOVEMBER, 1938] NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 129 


membranous with delicate fibers as in the remaining species of 
the genus. The flowers are consistently larger than those of 
C. pomeridianum, an unexpected feature in view of the smaller 
size of the other parts of the plant. Especially notable are the 
long styles, since none was observed under 18 mm. long in 
C. grandiflorum or over 15 mm. in C. pomeridianum. In the 
latter species the style is shorter than the perianth. In C. grandi- 
florum the pedicels vary from 2 to 5 mm. long and the flowers 
from 2 to 3 cm. The range of variation in all plants seen of 
C. pomeridianum is from 5 to 20 mm. or longer for the pedicels 
and from 1.5 to 2.3 cm. for the flowers. Thus the pedicels are 
less than one-fourth as long as the flowers in C. grandiflorum but 
one-third as long or more in C. pomeridianum. All the remain- 
ing species of Chlorogalum have smaller flowers than C. pomeridi- 
anum. It was noted that C. pomeridianum was not associated 
with C. grandiflorum, although it was found at several places in 
the vicinity. 

In August, 1938, in the hills above Paskenta, Tehama County, 
some plants were seen which in habit, bulbs, and leaves seemed 
exactly like the species here described and grew in a very similar 
habitat. Because the plants were out of flower, they cannot be 
referred positively to C. grandiflorum, but in all probability they 
will be found to be that species. 

Brodiza pallida Hoover, spec. nov. Cormus multos parvos cormos 
ferens ; foliis angustis, crassis ; scapis 1—3 dm. altis; umbellis primo densi- 
floris, pedicellis florum seriorum elongatis, ad 4 cm. longis; perianthio lila- 
cino ad albo, obscurescenti in exsiccatis, tubo cylindraceo, 8—10 mm. longo, 
duro opacoque in fructu, segmentis rotate patentibus, 8—15 mm. longis; 
staminodiis albis, erectis, emarginatis, equilatis segmentis perianthii, 4 mm. 
latis, 8—10 mm. longis, involutis et stamines: laxe includentibus; stylo 
staminibus prope circumdato, filamentis latis, 2 mm. longis, margine valde 
reflexis et formantibus alas dorsales, antheris flavis, 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. 
latis, processis filiformibus vestitis, apice 2 lobos longos incurvos ferentibus ; 
capsula breviter ovoidea. 


Corm with numerous offsets ; leaves narrow, thick; scapes 1—3 dm. tall; 
umbels at first densely flowered, the pedicels of the later flowers elongating, 
as much as 4 cm. long; perianth pale violet to white (darkening in drying), 
the tube cylindric, 8—10 mm. long, hard and opaque in fruit; segments 
rotately spreading, 1—1.5 times as long as tube; staminodia white, erect, 
emarginate, fully as broad as perianth-segments, 4 mm. broad, 8—10 mm. 
long, involute and loosely folded around stamens; stamens approximate 
around style; filaments broad, the margins strongly reflexed to form dorsal 


130 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


wings, 2 mm. long; anthers yellow, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, with 2 long 
incurved lobes at apex, covered with hair-like processes; capsule short- 
ovoid. 

Type collected at Chinese Camp, Tuolumne Co., June 3, 1937, 
Hoover No. 2375; also collected June 15, 1937, in somewhat 
more advanced condition, Hoover No. 2451; June 19, 1938, 
Hoover No. 3616. Because of the numerous offsets, the plants 
multiply rapidly and grow very densely in the heavy soil along a 
small stream, among volcanic rocks. The species could not be 
found elsewhere in the surrounding territory after a careful 
search. 

Brodiea pallida most closely resembles B. stellaris Wats., 
being remarkably similar to that species in the shape of the flower 
and the position of its parts. In addition to being a taller plant 
with pale flowers, B. pallida differs from B. stellaris in having 
broader staminodia and in not having the dorsal wings of the fila- 
ments prolonged as free appendages. Brodiea pallida is also 
related to B. minor (Benth.) Wats., and on geographical grounds 
might be considered nearer to that species than to B. stellaris. 
Brodiea minor, however, is readily distinguished by its short 
perianth-tube, outwardly curved staminodia, and narrower an- 
thers, and its corms apparently never produce offsets. In drying, 
the perianth-tube of B. pallida appears to be somewhat con- 
stricted above as in B. minor, but that is not the natural condition. 
A remarkable characteristic of B. pallida is the fact that the 
earlier flowers of the umbel have very short pedicels, the pedicels 
of the later flowers elongating as they approach anthesis. This 
is the reverse of the condition in the related species and gives to 
the young umbels a peculiar crowded appearance. The above 
comparisons are based on fresh flowers of all the species involved. 


A notable feature of this species, though hardly one of value 
as a specific character, is the early sprouting of the corms. When 
kept in a dry place, they produce sprouts of considerable length 
in September, long before the corms of any other Brodi@a begin 
to grow. 

Atriplex vallicola Hoover, spec. nov. Annua, albo-lepidota omnino; 
caulibus gracilibus, 2—20 cm. altis, ramis alternis erectis vel ascendenti- 
bus prope basem; foliis alternis, integris, sessilibus, inferioribus ovato- 
lanceolatis, usque ad 7 mm. longis, superioribus ovatis, 2—4 mm. longis; 
inflorescentia densissima ex bracteis fructiferis congestis et foliis minutis 


NOVEMBER, 1938] NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 131 


composita, floribus masculis et femineis in parvis axillaribus fasciculis 
mixtis; calice florum masculorum 4-lobato; bracteis fructiferis crassis, 
2—3.5 mm. latis, forma variabili et irregulari, margine superiore valde 
undulatis et dentes paucos magnos inzqualis ferentibus connatis preter 
apicem dentium maximorum, dorsis bractearum appendices magnas planas 
elongatas globosasve szepe inzqualiter lobatas ferentibus ; seminibus nigris, 
compressis, 1.1 mm. latis. 

Annual, white-scurfy throughout; stems slender, with alternate erect 
or ascending branches from near the base, 2—20 cm. tall; leaves alternate, 
entire, sessile, the lower ovate-lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long, the upper ovate, 
2—4 mm. long; inflorescence very dense, with crowded fruiting bracts and 
minute leaves, the staminate and pistillate flowers mixed in small axillary 
clusters; calyx of staminate flowers 4-lobed; fruiting bracts thick, 2—3.5 
mm. broad, variable and very irregular in shape, on upper margin strongly 
undulate and with few large irre@ular teeth, the pair united except at the 
apex of the largest teeth, the surfaces bearing large flat, elongate, or 
globose appendages which are often irregularly lobed ; seeds black, flattened, 
1.1 mm. broad. 

Five miles north of Lost Hills oil field, Kern Co., August 10, 
1937, Hoover No. 2666 (type); Mendota, Fresno Co., Hoover 
No. 2614. Both places where it was found appeared to have been 
occupied earlier in the year by shallow rain-pools. When col- 
lected, most of the plants had already fruited and died, only a 
few being left in an advanced vegetative condition. 


Atriplex vallicola is clearly related to the group of species 
distinguished by Standley as Pusille. Within this group it may 
be nearest to A. cordulata Jepson, and for reasons of geo- 
graphical distribution it could be confused only with that species. 
The plants were compared with several collections of A. cordu- 
lata made by the writer and were found to differ in the consist- 
ently smaller size of all parts, especially the leaves. A more 
reliable basis for distinction is found in the fruiting bracts. In 
A. cordulata they are not appendaged or to a less degree, and 
those of a pair are free from each other all along the upper 
margin, which is not undulate and bears a large central tooth with 
regular lateral teeth. In addition, the bracts of A. vallicola are 
thick and of soft texture throughout, so that the seeds are easily 
liberated, while those of A. cordulata are thin and soft along the 
margin but very hard and tough in the portion enclosing the seed. 


Lupinus spectabilis Hoover, spec. nov. Annuus erectus, 2—6 dm. altus, 
dense villosus omnino preter corollam; caulibus crassis simplicibus, soli- 
tariis vel paucis ex basi; foliolis 8 ad 12, oblanceolatis, 1—4 cm. longis; 


132 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. II, No. 8 


racemis 10—25 cm. longis, floribus subverticillatis, bracteis nigrescentibus, 
linearibus pedicellis equilongis, caducis, pedicellis 5—10 mm. longis; corolla 
cyanea, 12—15 mm. longa, vexillo alisque latissimis, carina apice sursum 
directa, stylo 1 cm. longo, recurvato, conspicuo in fructu; legumine turgido, 
3—4.5 cm. longo; seminibus 6 ad 10. 


Annual, erect, 2--6 dm. tall, densely villous throughout (except the 
corolla) ; stems stout, simple, one or few from the base; leaflets 8 to 12 
(on smaller plants nearly always 9), oblanceolate, 1—4 cm. long; racemes 
10—25 cm. long; flowers not definitely verticillate but inclined to be 
approximate at intervals along the axis; bracts dark, linear, about as long 
as the pedicels, early deciduous; pedicels 5—10 mm. long; corolla bright 
blue, 12—15 mm. long, the banner and wings very broad; keel upturned 
at apex; pod very stout, 3—4.5 cm. long; seeds 6—10; style 1 cm. long, 
recurved, conspicuous in fruit. 

On grade from Coulterville to Bagby, Mariposa Co., Hoover 
No. 3397 (type) ; Jacksonville, Tuolumne Co., Hoover No. 1960; 
upper Moccasin Creek basin, Tuolumne Co., Hoover No. 3389. 
A few white-flowered plants, Hoover No. 3400, were collected 
with the type collection. 


No herbarium specimens of this plant have been seen except 
my own collections, but it is common in the lower canyons of 
the Tuolumne and Merced rivers and along the ridge between, 
where it is strictly confined to outcrops of serpentine. 


I suspect that this may be the same as Lupinus nanus var. 
perlasius C. P. Smith, based on a Congdon collection which has 
not been seen, since the two species coincide in some of the 
favorite characters used by authors to distinguish Lupinus spe- 
cies, but it is clearly distinct and very different from the form 
of L. nanus which grows in the same region. That plant, which 
probably is referable to L. vallicola Heller, is much smaller in 
all parts, with slender stems and linear leaflets, which are never 
as many as nine. It is expected that the most impressive size 
differences will be found in the fruiting structures, although 
mature fruit of L. spectabilis is not at hand. An immature pod 
contains seeds which are fully 5 mm. long. The annual lupines 
of the region where L. spectabilis is found were carefully studied, 
and several collections were made, but no intergrading forms or 
other evidences of genetic relationship to other species were 
found. 


Senecio Clevelandii Greene var. heterophyllus Hoover, var. noy. 
A specie differt: foliis superioribus caulinis conspicue dilatatis et hastatis 


NOVEMBER, 1938] NEW SPECIES OF ERIOGONUM 133 


vel incise lobatis basi; laminis spe similiter incisis, dentatis vel sinuatis; 
foliis radicalibus interdum sinuatis vel crenatis. 


Upper cauline leaves with conspicuously dilated base, the base hastate 
or incisely lobed; the blades often similarly incised, dentate, or sinuate ; 
basal leaves sometimes sinuate or crenate. 

Type collected along small stream 1.5 miles southwest of 
Chinese Camp, Tuolumne Co., June 19, 1938, Hoover No. 3614; 
also collected June 3, 1937, Hoover No. 2384. This plant was 
seen at several places in Tuolumne County between lower Moun- 
tain Pass Creek and “Sixbit Gulch,” growing in large showy 
colonies. 

Typical S. Clevelandii has been studied by the writer in its 
native habitat. Both forms grow along streams in areas of 
serpentine rocks and are characterized by having remarkably 
glaucous basal leaves. The variety here described differs from 
plants found in Lake County only as noted in the description. 
In typical S. Clevelandii the uppermost reduced leaves occasion- 
ally have a somewhat dilated base which is sometimes slightly 
lobed, but for the most part the leaves are strictly entire. The 
occurrence of species in the North Coast Ranges and the middle 
Sierra Nevada foothills, while unusual, is not unique. Eriogo- 
num tripodum Greene and probably Chlorogalum grandifloruim 
Hoover illustrate a similar distribution. 


A NEW SPECIES OF ERIOGONUM 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Eriogonum Eastwoodianum J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba annua 
erecta, ad 5 dm. alta; caulibus paucis vel multis ex basi, teretibus, tenuiter 
tomentosis ; foliis basi dispositis, suborbicularibus, 1—3 cm. diametro, palli- 
dis et arachnoideis infra, rarius pubescentibus vel subglabratis supra, 
obtusis, brevissime cuneatis basi, petiolis ad 8 cm. longis; bracteis subulato- 
triangularibus, minoribus in inflorescentia; involucris inferioribus pedicel- 
latis, superioribus sessilibus, turbinatis, 2 mm. longis, tomentosis extrinse- 
cus, glabris intrinsecus, 5-dentatis, dentibus prominentibus, 0.5—1 mm. 
longis, subscariosis margine dentium et in sinibus, bracteolis filiformibus, 
paucos longos pilos et breves papillas ferentibus; segmentis perianthii 
biserialibus, exterioribus 2 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, ellipticis ad oblongo- 
obovatis, obtusis, interioribus 1.5 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, oblongis, in 
senectute perianthio paulum accrescenti, subcampanulato, substipitato ; an- 


134 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


theris oblongis, filamentis pubescentibus basi; stylis 3, brevissimis, circa 
0.1 mm. longis; acheniis 2 mm. longis, fuscis, sublevibus, vix nitentibus. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 257469, collected from a 
talus of diatomaceous shale in the mountains south of Jacalitos 
Creek, 14 miles from Coalinga on the road to Parkfield, Fresno 
Co., Eastwood and Howell No. 5857, June 13, 1938. The speci- 
mens collected by Miss Eastwood in Fresno County in 1893 which 
were described as E. truncatum var. adsurgens Jepson are very 
closely related to, if not quite identical with, plants of the present 
collection. 

Eriogonum Eastwoodianum and E. vestitum Howell seem to 
be more closely related to each other than to any other known 
species and differ from most of the annual species in having both 
pedicellate and sessile involucres on the same plant.* How- 
ever, in E. Eastwoodianum the leaves are all basal and sub- 
orbicular, the involucres are turbinate and prominently toothed, 
the perianth is smooth externally with the segments unequal in 
anthesis, the anthers are oblong, the styles are very short and 
the achene is nearly smooth throughout. In fruit the perianth- 
segments closely envelope the achene in E. vestitum, but in 
E. Eastwoodianum the achene is free from the open-campanulate 
perianth and frequently falls from it. Although these species 
combine in a perplexing way the pedicelled involucres of the 
subgenus Ganysma and the sessile involucres of the subgenus 
Oregonium, they seem more properly referable to the former 
subgenus than to the latter. It is now realized that E. vestitum 
is not to be so closely related to FE. argillosum Howell of the sub- 
genus Ganysma as it was once thought (Leafl. West. Bot. 2:42), 
but E. vestitum and E. Eastwoodianum are still believed to be 
nearer that species than any species in the subgenus Oregonium. 
However, both Prof. Jepson and Miss Stokes have referred Miss 
Eastwood’s collection of 1893 to the subgenus Oregoniwm under 
the names E. truncatum var. adsurgens Jepson and E. vimineum 
subsp. adsurgens Stokes. 


* Although E. vestitum was described from plants which carried ripe 
fruit, in habit the plants were not mature. In the plants of the type col- 
lection all the involucres were pedicellate. A subsequent study of the spe- 
cies in the type region in San Benito County and at a newly discovered 
station in the Los Banos hills of Merced County has shown that in mature 
individuals the uppermost involucres are sessile and either axillary or race- 
mosely disposed along the branchlets. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] VISIT TO VANCOUVER PINNACLES 135 


A BOTANICAL VISIT TO THE VANCOUVER 
PINNACLES—II 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 
(Concluded from Page 102) 


Leaving behind the gravelly terraces and slopes below the 
Big Pinnacles where Eriogonum Nortoni Greene and its inter- 
esting associates and neighbors grew, Mr. Lewis S. Rose and I 
went out along the the Chaloni Peaks Trail, passed the Little 
Pinnacles and descended shortly into Frog Canyon where several 
noteworthy plants were found at the base of Mt. Defiance. Here 
it was that I enjoyed for the first time the beauty and the fra- 
grance of Clarkia Breweri (Gray) Greene, the fragile pink petals 
of which might have escaped from some conservatory so delicate 
and exotic did they seem among the wild tumbled rocks of the 
canyon. Here, too, were Whispering Bells, both yellow and pink. 
This was the first time I had ever seen the species (Emmenanthe 
penduliflora Benth.) growing with its rare pink-flowered variety 
(var. rosea Brand) ; and, although they looked very different, 
a detailed examination has revealed no character by which the 
two might be separated specifically. In the bottom of the canyon 
in crevices of rocks grew Arabis Breweri Wats., which has not 
been known heretofore from so far south in the Inner South 
Coast Ranges (cf. Jepson Fl. Calif. 2:65) ; and in the moist soil 
of the stream bed grew an unusually robust form of Allium 
amplectens Torr., almost two feet tall. 

The following morning, taking leave of the Pinnacles, the 
Norton Buckwheat, and its distinguished, albeit lowly and mostly 
inconspicuous, associates, Mr. Rose and I began our homeward 
journey ; and, although an account of what we found along the 
way is perhaps not properly included in these notes on the botany 
of the Vancouver Pinnacles, a few should be mentioned because 
of their unusual character. One of our most fruitful stops was 
made about midway between the Pinnacles and Paicines, where 
we paused to examine the drying bed of a vernal rain-pool. Here 
we found Jsoetes Howellii Engelm., Evax sparsiflora (Gray) 
Jepson, and, most interesting of all, a yellow-flowered Navarretia 
which has proved to be an unnamed variety of N. nigelleformis 
Greene. From the species, this plant differs chiefly in the slender 


136 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY — [VOL. II, NO. § 


prostrate branches which radiate from a short central axis and 
in the very short stamens which are attached high in the throat 
of the smaller corolla. It is here named N. nigellzformis var. 
radians J. T. Howell, var. nov.® 


At Paicines, we detoured a short distance eastward on the 
Mendota road and at several places we found noteworthy plants. 
Six miles east of Paicines, we found an onagraceous plant with 
corolla decidedly zygomorphic: not only were its strap-shaped 
petals irregularly disposed, but they were of unequal size. The 
plant has since been identified as the one which Jepson named 
originally as Clarkia modesta, a name which Munz and Hitchcock 
treated as a synonym of Godetia epilobioides (Nutt.) Wats. 
(Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 56: 197) and which Jepson has since trans- 
ferred to varietal status under that species (FI. Calif. 2: 585). 
With the image of the flower of typical G. epilobioides fresh in 
my mind as I had just seen it at the Pinnacles (see p. 98, pre- 
ceding), I saw no specific resemblance between it and the fragile 
irregular flower which was before me; and, now, when the iden- 
tity of the latter is known, I hazard a guess that its zygomorphy 
will some day earn for it specific recognition in Godetia.’® 


On a shaded hillside a little farther on, we collected plants of 
Ertophyllum which have found an excellent match in collections 
of E. Jepsoni Greene, a rare species heretofore locally restricted 
to Mt. Diablo and the northern end of the Mt. Hamilton Range 
(see Constance, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 18: 106). Growing with 
the Eriophyllum was the unusual Cryptantha nemaclada Greene, 
apparently a little collected species of the Inner Coast Ranges of 
California (see Johnston, Contrib. Gray Herb. n. s. 74:94). 


9 Navarretia nigelleformis Greene var. radians J. T. Howell, var. nov. 
Herba humilis et diffusa, caulibus principalibus suberectis, 1—3 cm. longis, 
internodiis brevissimis, ramis plerumque 3 ad 5 prostratis radiantibus 
elongatis sepe subsimplicibus, 5—15 cm. longis, circa 0.5 mm. in diametro, 
internodiis longis; capitulis 1—2 cm. diametro, floribus bracteis et foliis 
involucralibus brevioribus; corolla 7—8 mm. longa; filamentis inzequalibus, 
0.6—1.5 mm. longis; stylis bifidis, ramis flabelliformibus et latioribus quam 
longioribus, circa 0.25 mm. longis; ovario biloculari, ovulis 3 ad utrumque 
loculum; seminibus sepe 6. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 254817, collected on the bed of a former 
rain-pool, 12 miles south of Paicines, San Benito Co., California, by the 
author, No. 12962, May 20, 1937. The collection made by L. S. Rose at the 
same time is his No. 37300. 


10 During the spring of 1938, Dr. R. F. Hoover has observed and collected 
this plant, or one very like it, at a number of stations in the mountains on 
either side of the San Joaquin Valley. Before a further nomenclatorial 
expression of its distinctness or affinities is proposed, it would seem that 
this perplexing Godetia should be studied still further in the field and its 
possible relationship to G. Dudleyana Abrams as well as to G. epilobioides 
should be investigated. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] DELPHINIUM CALIFORNICUM 137 


And not far off, on a steep bank of crumbling clay, four species 
of Eriogonum were growing: E. fasciculatum var. obtusiflorum 
Stokes, occasional through the middle inner South Coast Ranges ; 
E.. angulosum Benth., widespread and common enough through 
the lower mountains from Contra Costa County to Kern County ; 
E. argillosum Howell, an uncommon plant but usually locally 
abundant ; and EF. tenuissimum Eastw., a rare plant, remarkable 
for its superlatively fine branchlets.‘ Fresh specimens of these 
species were brought to the California Academy of Sciences 
where for many days their distinctive beauty added an unusual 
note to the perpetual flower show that is maintained in the 
museum by the Department of Botany. 

The lengthening shadows of late afternoon saw Mr. Rose and 
me homeward bound heavily laden with botanical booty ; but yet 
again we had to pause and the last glow of twilight found us in 
the hills east of Madrone, Santa Clara County, at the type locality 
of that remarkable and distinct species of buckthorn, Ceanothus 
Ferrise McMinn. However, we had scarcely made our acquaint- 
ance with this intriguing and apparently most local shrub when 
an obliterating darkness put a reluctant end to our botanical day 
and sent us hurrying home. 


A NEW VARIETY OF DELPHINIUM 
CALIFORNICUM 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Delphinium californicum T. & G. var. interius Eastwood, var. nov. 
Caulibus elatis, ad 3 m. altis; ramis multis, longis, gracilibus. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 259948-50, collected 
May 24, 1938, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 5796, in Hospital 
Canyon, San Joaquin Co., California. 

Hospital Canyon, where this variety grows, is one of the 
canyons extending into the coast mountains from the San Joaquin 
Valley where the flora is more closely allied to that of the desert 
than to that of the coast. The dominant plant on a hillside near 

11 Briogonum tenuissimum was originally described from Cholame, San 
Luis Obispo County. I have seen it at three localities: at the present one 
near Paicines, San Benito County; on the Mustang Grade west of Priest 


Valley, Monterey County; and in the Los Banos hills, Merced County. The 
species was distinguished from HP. Ordii Wats. by Miss Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 31. 


138 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


the lower part of the canyon is Eastwoodia elegans Brandg., the 
most extensive area so far known for this shrub. 

The Delphinium grew amid Forestiera neo-mexicana Gray 
and Ribes quercetorum Greene. Some plants were 3 meters high, 
with stout hollow stems and many slender branches. The flowers 
and fruits resemble those of the type, the racemes are more slender 
and fewer-flowered and the plants much taller. The appearance 
is so strikingly different that it seems desirable to give it varietal 
recognition. 


NOTES ON PLANTS OF NEW MEXICO—I 


BY A. L. HERSHEY 
State College, New Mexico 


During the fall of 1937, several plants from Lea County, 
New Mexico, were referred to me for identification. Among 
these was one which was very unusual. The plant was later 
identified by J. T. Howell as Cucumis myriocarpus Naud., a 
member of the cucumber family originally described from South 
Africa. The fruit is globose, 15 mm. in diameter, striped with 
dark and light green, and covered with short spines. 

The plant was discovered by County Agent W. E. Flint, who 
has supplied all the specimens that have been available so far. 
Mr. Flint describes the plants as growing on sandy, uncultivated 
soil about farm yards on two ranches near Lovington. The vines 
grow in thick mats on the ground, with individual, prostrate 
stems often reaching a length of twelve to fourteen feet. The 
stems root very abundantly at the nodes. In one plot two plants 
covered an area twenty-eight feet square. The small, prickly 
fruits are borne in great abundance, becoming mature in October. 
In Africa, the fruits are reported as poisonous, but there have 
been no records of the plants having caused poison to live stock 
in New Mexico. 

Cucumis myriocarpus Naud. has apparently not been reported 
previously from North America. It was evidently introduced 
into New Mexico from some other country but the source is 
unknown. Its distribution within the state has not been com- 
pletely determined. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 139 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—V 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


No. 33. HorkELIA CUNEATA Lindl. This collection was 
determined by Miss E. Crum, who wrote that it was probably 
part of the type collection and that it was “similar to material 
from Monterey.” In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., the Douglas speci- 
men most nearly agreed with one from Monterey by E. K. 
Abbott, the chief difference being in the more deeply incised 
leaflets of the type. 

No. 34. HorkELra FRONDOSA Greene. Determined by Miss 
E. Crum, who stated that the specimen probably came from near 
Monterey. This Douglas collection may be part of the type of 
H. grandis H. & A. which is related to H. frondosa and which is 
treated as a synonym of Potentilla californica (C. & S.) Greene 
by Jepson (FI. Calif. 2: 196). 

No. 32. OSMARONIA CERASIFORMIS (T. & G. ex H. & A.) 
Greene. The Douglas specimen which we examined was a flower- 
ing branch from a staminate plant. 

No. 36. PHOTINIA ARBUTIFOLIA (Ait.) Lindl. In fruit. 

No. 38. PRUNUs ILICIFOLIA (Nutt. ex H.& A.) Walp. Al- 
though the type for Nuttall’s name, Cerasus ilicifolius, is the 
fruiting collection made by him at Santa Barbara (cf. Fl. N. A. 
1:412), the original description was actually drawn from Doug- 
las’ flowering collection by Hooker and Arnott (Bot. Beechey 
340), who remark that “with the fruit we are unacquainted.” 

No. 42. AsTrRAGALUS MACRODON (H. & A.) Gray. It was 
quite exciting to determine the type collection of this very dis- 
tinct species from the seemingly inadequate flowering specimen 
in the Russian set of Douglas’ plants. Even in flower the long 
slender teeth of the calyx and the peculiar yellowish corolla mark 
this as distinct from all Astragali which I know. A specimen 
collected by Miss Eastwood and me near Atascadero, San Luis 
Obispo County, May 5, 1936, is indicated in Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. as an exact match for the Douglas collection. 

During the spring of 1937, the species was again collected in 
flower at Paso Robles (Eastwood & Howell No. 3851), and from 
the same region in the Academy herbarium is mature fruiting 
material collected by Chester Dudley in 1927. Although it seems 


140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. II, NO. 8 


very probable that Douglas obtained his collection in the upper 
Salinas Valley, a collection has recently been made in the inner- 
most South Coast Ranges far to the east, a decided and most 
interesting extension of known distribution : Temblor Range west 
of McKittrick, Kern County, Eastwood & Howell No. 4089. 

No. 43. ASTRAGALUS TENER Gray. Douglas’ collection was 
the basis of Phaca astragalina B in Bot. Beechey, 334, which is 
the first synonym cited by Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 206). Be- 
cause A. Titi Eastwood has generally been regarded as the same 
as A. tener, it was of interest to compare the type of the former 
with the isotype of the latter. The two plants are not the same 
and A. Titi seems worthy of varietal, if not specific, recognition. 
In habit, A. tener’* is slender and erect and the flowers are a 
centimeter or more long. Astragalus Titi is low, if the branches 
become elongate they are decumbent, and the flowers are only 
about half as large. 

In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Douglas’ plants found a close 
match in leaflet-shape, calyx-pubescence, and flower-size in plants 
collected by E. K. Abbott in 1889 near Salinas, Monterey County. 
While it thus seems likely that Douglas’ plants may have come 
from valley flats in the interior, the type of A. Titi was collected 
on the coast of Monterey Peninsula near Moss Beach. 

No. 58. Lupinus concinnus Agardh. Although the speci- 
men of this species in the Russian collection was part of the type 
collection, it was more puzzling than almost any other specimen 
and was the last of all to be named. The identification of this 
material disclosed a current misinterpretation of the species, for 
with no recent treatment of the genus Lupinus could one deter- 
mine the specimens of the type collection! '* 


12 Since the original description of A. tener is rather brief, it seems 
worthwhile to give here the following notes taken from Douglas’ collection. 
Plant 1.5 dm. tall; leaflets with few white appressed hairs, cuneate, notched 
with mucronulate tip in notch; stipules papery, about 1.5 mm. long, tri- 
angular and acute, with few black hairs; flowers congested at tip of peduncle 
which is 5 cm. long; calyx black-hairy, the tube 2 mm. long, campanulate, 
the lobes setaceous, 1 mm. long; banner 11 mm. long, wings 7 mm. long, 
keel almost entirely concealed by the wings, 6 mm. long, the very blunt 
dark-colored end upturned; young fruit white with a strigose pubescence. 
In A. Titi the banner is 6 mm, long, the linear-oblanceolate wings are 5 mm. 
long and only partly conceal the keel which is 4 mm. long; the largest fruit 
is 8 mm. long. 

13 The type collection is represented in the Russian Academy by two 
plants each of which carries a single inflorescence on peduncles 3 and 3.5 
cm. long respectively. The flowers are 3—10 mm. long. The lower lip of 
the calyx is, as it was originally described, simple or sometimes minutely 
trifid (not just “three-toothed” as described by C. P. Smith, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club 48 :223). The banner, which is erect from the middle, is 4—5 mm. broad 
and its base covers much of the wings. The wings are 2 mm. broad and 
cover all the keel except the tip which protrudes and which turns upward 
(it is not ‘usually straight” as described by C. P. Smith, J. c., 224). The 
plants are very young and the cotyledons still adbere to one of them. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 141 


One of the most conspicuous features of these young plants 
is the slender scapoid peduncle which arises from subrosulately 
disposed leaves, and, although the stalked inflorescence is clearly 
indicated in the original description, “spica longe peduncu- 
lata... ,” yet it is no longer mentioned in the more recent 
descriptions of the species. It is true that sessile or subsessile 
axillary inflorescences may be produced as plants of this species 
develop, but it is equally true that the main shoot and branches 
are terminated with definitely stalked inflorescences. 

It was Watson who first indicated these two types of inflores- 
cences: “racemes . . . peduncled or nearly sessile . . .”’ (Proc. 
Amer. Acad. 8: 537) ; but it was Watson also who first neglected 
to mention the peduncles: “raceme short, often nearly sessile” 
(Bot. Calif. 1:124). Heller introduced the idea regarding the 
relative length of leaves and inflorescence for the section Con- 
cinni: “inflorescence usually not exceeding the leaves’? (Muh. 
6:15,—1910) ; and, more recently, C. P. Smith combined Wat- 
son’s second account with Heller’s idea and described L. con- 
cinnus with “racemes nearly sessile . . . surpassed by the leaves”’ 
(Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 48:223—1921). And so the description 
of the inflorescence of L. concinnus was gradually but definitely 
replaced by that of L. Agardhianus Heller (L. gracilis Agardh). 
C. P. Smith was the first to consider L. concinnus Agardh and 
L. Agardhianus Heller as variants of the same species ; and now 
the two entities have been so confused that L. Agardhianus has 
more or less completely replaced L. concinnus in the literature, 
at least by concept if not by name. 


To be certain that the determination of this critical col- 
lection was properly made, photographs of the types of Agardh’s 
L. concinnus and L. gracilis in Herb. Lindley. at the University 
of Cambridge were obtained. These photographs as well as 
photographs of the Russian specimens are in Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. 

Lupinus concinnus, interpreted in the light of the original 
collection, would appear to be a rare and local entity. I have 
seen only a single collection which corresponds to the type, a 
plant collected near Jolon in the Santa Lucia Mts. of Monterey 
Co., Keck & Stockwell No. 3220, This specimen, which came 
to Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. as a gift from Dr. D. D. Keck, bears 


142 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. 11, NO. 8 


among other data the note, “very local.” It may be that L. con- 
cinnus is restricted to those peculiar soils associated with the 
Monterey cherts of the Jolon district as is the rare typical 
Amsinckia vernicosa H. & A. which will be discussed later in 
this series of notes. 


No. 55. Lupinus AGARDHIANUs Heller. L. gracilis Agardh 
non Nutt. It was indeed fortunate that the type collection of 
this species was also adequately represented among the Russian 
plants so that it could be compared with the authentic specimen 
of L. concinnus. The specimen of L. Agardhianus which I 
examined, substantiated by the photograph of the type from the 
University of Cambridge, showed that L. Agardhianus is the 
name of that plant which has been treated more recently under 
the name of L. concinnus. Every detail of Agardh’s original 
description of L. gracilis was matched in the Douglas specimen, 
especially the important details of the inflorescence: “floribus 
in pedunculo terminali brevissimo alternis, . . .” and “caulibus 
erectiusculis foliosis, in spicam subsessilem terminantibus” 
(Synop. Lup/.15):* 

Although Douglas’ specimen was compared to the rather 
large suite of L. Agardhianus in the Academy Herbarium, no 
specimen was examined which exactly matched the original in all 
details. Those specimens from the South Coast Ranges in the 
vicinity of the Pinnacles were noted as most closely resembling 
the type collection. 

The question to which these notes on L. concinnus and 
L. Agardhianus naturally lead is: are there two species repre- 
sented or one? To anyone, however slightly acquainted with the 
variations involved in this group of lupines in California and 
the American Southwest, it is obvious that a proper answer can- 
not be given just because the types of two entities have been 
studied. Detailed analyses of hundreds of specimens in the lab- 
oratory supplemented by extended field work and cultural studies 
may be needed before the problem is finally solved. Nevertheless, 
after the relatively short but intensive study which I made in 
connection with the Russian specimens, I believe that two or 

14 In the Russian specimen, the flowers were 6 mm. long. The lower lip 
of the calyx is trifid (‘‘tricuspidato,’ it was originally described). The 
banner was not much upturned from the wings, was not showy, and was a 
little over 3 mm. long (not 6—7 mm. long as given in the key by C. P. Smith, 


l. ¢c., 223). The wings were about 2 mm. broad and were firmly coherent by 
their lower edges at their distal end. The keel was exposed but not prominent. 


NOVEMBER, 1938] WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 143 


perhaps even more specific entities will come to be recognized 
where at present we have only the misunderstood L. concinnus 
and its varieties. 


No. 53. Lupinus ALpirrons Benth. Douglas’ flowering 
specimen compared favorably with specimens from the Santa 
Lucia Mts. where he may well have collected his. The species was 
described from plants grown from seed of Douglas’ collecting. 


No. 54. Lupinus cytisompEs Agardh. When the Douglas 
collection was examined it was tentatively determined as a vari- 
ant of L. latifolius Agardh with spreading pubescence on the 
young stem and leaves, and on the floral bracts, pedicels, and 
calyx. Since the character of the spreading pubescence is not 
mentioned in Agardh’s original description of L. cytisoides (Gen. 
Lup. 18), I wrote to Dr. T. A. Sprague at the Royal Herbarium, 
Kew, inquiring the character of the pubescence on specimens of 
Douglas which might be there. Dr. Sprague borrowed the type 
specimens of both L. cytisoides and L. latifolius from Herb. 
Lindl. and the report on these two specimens, prepared by 
Dr. A. A. Bullock, was as follows: 

“1. L. cytisoides. Leaflets 7—9, oblanceolate. Indumentum 
on all parts, including the youngest leaves, spreading. 

“2. L. latifolius. Leaflets 5—7, broadly oblanceolate. Indu- 
mentum much thinner than in L. cytisoides, and distinctly 
appressed. 

“Number 1 above corresponds with two Douglas specimens 
at Kew in every particular, and there seems to be no doubt that 
both are part of the same gathering. 

“Number 2 above corresponds fairly well with specimens at 
Kew (not collected by Douglas) labelled by Dr. C. P. Smith 
‘L. latifolius var. columbianus’ in which the indumentum is dis- 
tinctly appressed, though there are no specimens in which the 
leaflets are as broad as in the Douglas specimen in the Lindley 
herbarium.” 

From this it seems probable that the Douglas specimen 
in the Russian Academy is also a part of the type collection of 
L. cytisoides. A collection in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collected by 
Miss Eastwood in Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, is marked 
by spreading pubescence and it seems not unlikely that the type of 
the species may have been collected in the vicinity of Santa 


144 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 8 


Barbara, although forms of the L. latifolius complex with spread- 
ing hairs are occasionally found farther to the north (cf. L. lati- 
folius var. Dudleyi C. P. Smith from Montara Mt., San Mateo 
County ).7° 

Heller states that L. cytisoides may have come from near 
Santa Barbara but does not give a reason for his opinion (Muh. 
8:65,—1912). Later writers on the genus Lupinus in California 
seem to have overlooked this species. 

No. 57. Lupinus DENSIFLoRUS Benth. The specimen in the 
Russian collection had calyces markedly pilose. Douglas col- 
lected seed from which the type was grown in England. | 

No. 56. Luprnus NANus Dougl. ex Benth. In shape and 
size of leaflets and in the character of the pubescence, a collection 
made by Miss Eastwood on Los Burros Trail in the Santa Lucia 
Mts. was an excellent match for Douglas’ collection. However, 
Miss Eastwood’s plant is in late flowering and Douglas’ was much 
younger with the bracts of the inflorescence concealing the upper- 
most flower-buds. 

Lupinus nanus was described from cultivated material. The 
drawing accompanying the original description (Trans. Hort. 
Soc. ser. 2, 1:409, tab. 14, fig. 2, 1834) depicts a plant with 
leaflets more narrowly oblanceolate than are the spathulate- 
oblanceolate leaflets of Douglas’ collection in the Russian set. 
A photograph of the type of L. affinis Agardh (Herb. Lindley.) 
which was collected in California by Douglas shows it to have 
broad leaflets like those in the Douglas specimen which I ex- 
amined, but the photograph shows the plants of the type to have 
older inflorescences than the ones of the Russian specimen. 


ERYSIMUM FILIFOLIUM Eastwood, Leafl. West. Bot. 2:73 
(1938). Mr. George Rossbach, who is working on a revision of 
Erysimum, has very kindly called my attention to two previous 
uses of the name Erysimum filifolium which I carelessly over- 
looked. I am grateful for the correction and here substitute the 
name Erysimum teretifolium Eastwood which typifies the same 
leaf-character and seems not to have been previously used.— 
Alice Eastwood. 


15 Seedlings with spreading hairs on the stems and petioles which seem 
to be L. cytisoides are in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: 
Mission Creek, Santa Barbara, Hoffmann No. 9098, February 26, 1930. In 
gs aera specimen which I examined, the keel is hairy from the claws to 
the middle. 


x 
\ 


Vou. II 


LEAFLETS 
of 


WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


Imperata Hookeri Rupr., Illegitimate! 
Louis C. WHEELER 


Perennial Lupines of the Pacific States 
ALice EAstwoop 


Interesting Western Plants—IV . 
Puitie A. Munz 


Studies in Ceanothus—I . 
JouHn THomas Howe. 


Notes on Carex—XV 
J. W. Stacey 


A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—VI 
Joun THomas Howe Lt 


A New Phlox from Oregon 
ALIcE EAstwoop 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Fesruary 18, 1939 


PAGE 


145 


146 


156 


159 


166 


170 


175 


LEAFLETS 
Weir § 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as pide 
LEAFL. WEsrT. Bor. e 


PAA. (UUM Re aU I 


feeoviypecsaparagoveapoeagyaenaaagy ona panag ea ange aca ara ge age y 


Owned and published by 


Axice Eastwoop and JoHN THomMAs HoweELi 


FEBRUARY, 1939| IMPERATA HOOKERI RUPR., ILLEGITIMATE 145 


IMPERATA HOOKERI RUPR., ILLEGITIMATE! 


BY LOUIS C. WHEELER 
Gray Herbarium, Harvard University 


IMPERATA HooKeri Ruprecht ex Andersson, Ofver. Vet. 
Akad. Forh., Stockholm 12: 160 (1855). This name is current 
in grass literature. A letter dated June 14, 1887, from Geo. Vasey 
to Sereno Watson, preserved at Gray Herbarium, called my 
attention to the fact that there was something wrong with the 
publication of J. Hookert. The portion of the letter, apropos 
here, follows: 

Your letter and postal are recd. As to Imperata Hookeri I will quote 
from Prof. Hackel’s letter to me of Dec. 3rd. [18]86. “In working out 
the genus Imperata for the Monograph, I detected that your I. brevifolia 
has already a name viz.: I. Hookeri, Rupt. This name was never pub- 
lished by Ruprecht himself, being ascribed onto an herbarium specimen of 
Drummond’s No. 283 communicated by Hooker to Ruprecht. Andersson 
in publishing a revision of the genus in the Proceedings of the Stockholm 
Academy 1855, p. 160, took up the name not as a species but as a subspecies 
of I. arundinacea. Nevertheless he quoted I. Hookeri Rupt. as a synonym, 
being Drummond 283, which name is therefore fully established.” 

In spite of Hackel’s statement that 7. Hookeri was published 
as a subspecies, he lists it thus in DC. Monogr. Phaner. Prod. 
6:97 (1889), “3. I. Hookeri (Rupr.! apud Andersson I. c., 
p. 160)”; and in synonymy under this, “Imp. arundinacea v. 
americana *Hookeri Anderss. |. c.;”. Obviously Hackel could 
scarcely have considered it published as a subspecies in his final 
analysis. The whole difficulty is that Andersson seems never to 
have explained his complicated system of designating subdivisions 
of species. The nearest I can find to any explanation is in his 
Monographia Salicum, Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 6 : I 
(1867)*: “Quz cetera de methodo, quem persecutus sum, 
premonenda sunt in volumne subsequent plenius exponam.”’ 
The promised explanation seems never to have been published. 
Under “3. I. arundinacea Cyrillo . . . —d. americana” the name 
in question appeared as follows: 

* Hooker! (Ruprecht, herb. vindob.) : spica maxima, elongato-cylindrica, 
stricta; spiculis lanceolatis, lana triplo brevioribus ; glumis acutis, hyalinis ; 


foliis planis, strictis, acuminatis; culmi firmi nodis glabris; rhizomata late 
repente. 


1 Date of preface added to reprint. 
Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 145-176, February 18, 1939. 


LIBRs 
NEw ¥ 
BOTAN 

GARY 


140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


Hab. in Texas (DruMMonp II. 283). 

Habitu a ceteris longe recedens, vix tamen, me judice, species ab europea 
diversa habenda ob structuram spicularum omnino eandem! 

It is certainly evident that “* Hookeri” was not intended as 
a species. There is a hint given by Andersson, Nov. Act. Soe. 
Sci. 2:236 (1856) (Monogr. Androp., I Anthrist., Upsal.), 
where he has beneath “Variat: a) glabriuscula” “* japonica” 
which he refers to on the next page as “Forma japonica... .” 
However, he appears to have used “forma” in his writings in a 
loose sense, often continued by present writers, meaning “entity.” 

The earliest validation of J. Hookeri as a species was by 
Hackel in DC. Monogr. Phaner. Prod. 6:97 (1889). Imperata 
brevifolia Vasey, Descr. Cat. Gr. U.S., 24 (1885) nomen nudum ; 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 13:26 (1886), based on S. B. & W. F. 
Parish No. 1031, wet soils, San Bernardino Valley, California, 
is prior. As Hackel, idem, notes, J. caudata Trin. sensu Scribner, 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 9:86 (1882), and J. arundinacea Cyrillo 
sensu Vasey, Rept. U. S. Geogr. Sur. W. 100th Mer. 6: 296 
(1878), are the same. 


Conclusion: the grass which has customarily been known as 
Imperata Hookeri Rupr. must be known as Imperata brevifolia 
Vasey. 

I am indebted to Mrs. Agnes Chase for examining the type 
of I. brevifolia and supplying me with the habitat and locality 
data given. 


PERENNIAL LUPINES OF THE PACIFIC STATES 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


The group I take up here includes the tall plants in wet 
meadows, with hollow stems terminated by long racemes of 
purplish or reddish flowers, and with lower leaves, especially the 
basal, on very long petioles. 

In this and in future articles on the perennial lupines, the 
desire of the author is to enable students of this difficult genus 
to form their own conclusions concerning the validity of the 
species that have been described in each category. This includes 
those recognized as valid species or considered as varieties or 
listed as synonyms by recent botanists. The original descrip- 


FEBRUARY, 1939| PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 147 


tions are scattered in various publications available only to those 
who have access to a good botanical library. Unless otherwise 
indicated, the descriptions given below are the original descrip- 
tions. Especially to the student in the field, where the oppor- 
tunity of testing the validity of any species from fresh material 
is so superior to that of the herbarium botanist who works with 
dried specimens, will this be valuable and perhaps help to solve 
some of the problems in the endeavor to ascertain what consti- 
tutes a lupine species. 


The author has made the following key, chiefly from the 
original descriptions, aided by a study of the types in the Royal 
Herbarium at Kew and in the Lindley Herbarium at Cambridge, 
England ; also some in the herbarium of the California Academy 
of Sciences. 

From inadequate specimens it is difficult to “@ of deter- 
minations. Field students, as well as collectors,4¥%e urged to 
give attention to racemes in bud as well as in flower or fruit, and 
to note or collect the base of the plant and the lowest leaves or 
any other features that may be characteristic. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES 


Co R02 ah ed a Re De RON PR Ee Ie ROR ee RS 8 eZ 
hs? ASST ACC WE eS ee ASE EES dE TR MRO SBE OOD Ea RE bed NETO WEY 10 
Pecers latee:-anetmt: 10 nitin.) tems oe 3 
2. Flowers less than 15 mm. long, generally about 10—12 mm. long...... 8 
I GB ng (ARE Lae ce Co SO L. pallidipes Heller 
OS SEI Gre EEL oho SP Ca ee Re Pe eR Oe Near Ste a 
PUERNCIA DVATG-lANOOOIALE 2n3 2c i ot ke a ae 5 
MME SERET eH VitteAT-PECCNIate 88 ek a ee oe ed 7 
5. Racemes open with spreading pedicels in flower....L. polyphyllus Lindl. 
5. Racemes dense, pedicels im flower eFect............:..:....cecssccecssssesescensessenenseee 6 
Peae ous espreading, when Tipe. 2 ere L. grandifolius Lindl. 
CSR fos RT Tor a cs I 9 | ¢ L. macrophyllus Benth. 
7. Calyx pubescent throughout; leaves pubescent below................-.-.-.-.---- 


Fo EES ORE LE. Ren Ol OL, Pe UR yd Sato as L. elongatus Greene 
Calyx smooth except a tuft of hairs at tip of lips and sinus; leaves 
slabrote on botht sidescc ee L. piperitus Davidson 
Leaflets pallid on both sides, lanceolate, acuminate....L. superbus Heller 
Pears OE Dai DIR tCRE tO eh ocho sec cdiccsoLicomscerin psec omeeoee 9 
9. Flowers verticillate or spreading ; stems generally branching.............. 
Ne PLA SRE INS OR TRIAS COR ee Ee OF NSD Bee L. procerus Greene 
9. Flowers dense; stems always simple..............0......-.-..-. L. Burkei Watson 
10. Those with ciliate keel will be treated in the next number. 


Sol 


SES. 


148 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


LuPINUS PALLIDIPES Heller, Muhl. 7:91 (1911). 


Perennial (§ Polyphylli) : stems about 8 dm. high, rather stout, 5 to 7 
mm. in diameter, purplish, sparsely hirsute with clear white hairs: leaves 
rather few, the lower petioles 2.5 dm. long, leaflets about 12, elliptical- 
lanceolate, acute or short acuminate, 1 dm. long, 18 mm. wide, somewhat 
appressed hirsute on both faces, dull green above, paler below; stipules 1 cm. 
long the free portion lanceolate-acuminate, 7 mm. long, hirsute with long 
white hairs: peduncles short, 5 or 6 cm. long: inflorescence elongated, 
2.5 dm., very dense: bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1 cm. long, 
1.5 mm. wide, early deciduous, slightly exserted beyond the flower buds: 
pedicels rather slender, 8 mm. long, densely silky sericeous with drab hairs 
as is also the calyx: calyx lips nearly equal, the upper 8 mm. long, 5 mm. 
wide when spread out, the apex 2 mm. across, notched; lower lip lanceo- 
late, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide at the base, apex entire, narrow and keel-like 
in nature: flowers brown-red, 13 mm. long, 21 mm. deep, distance between 
apices of banner and wings 6 mm.; banner with sides turned back, meeting 
and inrolled, the whole broadly obovate when spread out, 11 mm. across, 
the face narrow, not over 2 mm. with a shallow and narrow groove 6 mm. 
long, the hasbigteply concave ventrally; wings oblong, broadest above the 
middle, 9 mm., thence gradually curved to the broad rounded apex, 6 mm. 
wide at base, the dorsal edges closed only near the apex, exposing the keel 
for nearly its whole length; keel glabrous, strongly falcate, the acute purple 
tip exserted about 1 mm., 6 mm. deep at the middle: pods and seeds not 
seen. 

The type, in the herbarium of the Nevada Agricultural Experiment 
Station, is Heller 10041, collected May 18, 1910, at Eugene, Lane county, 
Oregon, in moist grassy places along the railroad just south of the town, 
and only a short distance from the bank where L. oreganus was obtained. 


This peculiarly colored species was noticed from the car window at 
several places south of Eugene, always in wet or damp situations. The 
color of the flowers is most unusual, and may perhaps best be designated 
as livid red, if such an expression is permissible. When dry, at least in my 
specimens, this color changes to light brown. 


While the species is perhaps local, it may have found its way into some 
collections under the name of L. polyphyllus. It differs first of all from 
that species in the color of flowers (L. polyphyllus having violet-blue 
flowers) which are closer, less inclined to be whorled, in the stouter, very 
sericeous pedicels, the larger calyx with a narrower lower lip and less 
deeply notched upper one; a banner longer than broad; narrower wings, 
and a larger, glabrous, more falcate keel, with a longer, more acuminate 
apex. Several of the plants collected show larger leaves than the type, being 
13 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. 


Specimen in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 25771, collected by 
Lester Rowntree, May 28, 1938, south of Drain on road to 
Eugene, Oregon. Identified by A. A. Heller, October 6, 1938. 


FEBRUARY, 1939] PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 149 


LUPINUS POLYPHYLLUs Lindl., Bot. Reg. tab. 1096 (1827). 


Stem erect, about 3 feet high, pilose, round. Leaves digitate, placed on 
a petiole 10 or 12 inches long; leaflets 11—15, about 5 inches long, inserted 
in a double row, lanceolate, thickish, smooth above, hairy and green below. 
Raceme terminal, erect, sometimes more than 2 feet long, with downy 
rachis and pedicels. Flowers whorled, the whorls oblique, and often con- 
fluent into a spiral line from the base to the summit of the racemus. Calyx 
pubescent, without bracteolz, bilabiate, both lips entire, the upper broadly 
ovate, shorter than the lower, which is acuminate. Corolla purple; vexillum 
apiculate, revolute, shorter than the other parts, and of a deeper colour; 
the ale very convex, half-oblong, obtuse, striated at the base; carina pallid, 
falcate, with a long, acuminate, deep-purple beak, saccate on each side above 
the claw, and quite smooth at the margin. Stamens alternately dwarf, with 
linear anthers; pollen orange-coloured. Style subulate, very smooth; stigma 
small, fringed. Pod oblong, hirsute, 5-seeded, with oblong, cloudy, brown 
seeds. 


This Lupine is one of fourteen new species, mostly perennials, which 
have been discovered by Mr. David Douglas, in the north-west of North 
America, along with the Lupinus sericeus of Pursh. The latter, and many 
of the others, have been raised in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, 
where our drawing of the present species was taken in July last. They will 
prove some of the most valuable additions that have been made to our 
garden collection for many years. 


L. polyphyllus is nearly related both to Lupinus perennis and Nootka- 
tensis, from which it obviously differs in its much greater stature, and 
lanceolate leaflets, which vary from 11 to 15, or even more; while those of 
either of the others are seldom more than 8. There are also other points 
of difference in the calyx and corolla. 


A hardy perennial, flourishing in common earth, and flowering from 
June to September. It is readily increased by seeds, which are produced 
in great abundance. 


Specimens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. that seem to be true 
L. polyphyllus are the following: 


One collected by the author at Oak Park, Victoria, British 
Columbia, June 23, 1920, No. 9728; a specimen from Lake 
Onuma, Hokkaido, Japan, collected by Dr. Fred and Charlotte 
Baker, June 30, 1914 (introduced) ; a cultivated specimen from 
the Prager Herbarium, “planta speciosissima,” cultivated in 
Germany. Specimens from Shasta, Siskiyou and Plumas coun- 
ties, California, Klamath, Douglas and Multnomah counties, 
Oregon, and King County, Washington, seem to belong here but 
are not so typical. They have somewhat smaller flowers and 
leaves paler on the lower surface. 


150 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


LUPINUS GRANDIFOLIUS Lindl. ex Agardh, Syn. Gen. Lup. 
18 (1835). 


Elatus; caule striato, foliolis 9—11 lanceolatis superne glaberrimis 
subtus piliferis, stipulis latis triangularibus, floribus racemi densissimi valde 
elongati subverticillatis, bracteis caducissimis . . . calycis ebracteolati 
pubescentis labiis subintegris, carina glabra. 

Hab. in California: Douglas. Vidi in Hb. Lindleyi. 

Przecedenti* proximus, et ejus forsan mera varietias, sed sec. Lindl. 
seminibus constans, differt: stipulis (2 lineas) latis, basi tantum adnatis, 
racemo densiori, floribus verticillatis approximatis, pedicellis flore brevi- 
oribus, calyce magis patenter pubescente, corollisque exsiccatione nigri- 
cantibus. Ceterum multo robustior videtur, foliis minus, partibus floralibus 
autem magis pubescentibus. 


LUPINUS MACROPHYLLUS Benth. ex D. Don in Sweet’s 
British Flower Garden 7, tab. 356 (1838). 


Perennis, hirsutus ; foliolis numerosis (12—15) lanceolatis acutis, verti- 
cillis multifloris contiguis, calycibus ebracteolatis pedicellos excedentibus ; 
labiis integris; inferiore lanceolato acuto duplo longiore. 

A tall, robust, perennial herb, the whole clothed with copious pubes- 
cence. Stem 3 or 4 feet high, straight, cylindrical, striated and stained 
with purple towards the top. Leaves on long nearly filiform foot-stalks, 
and consisting of 12 or 15 lanceolate, acute, hairy leaflets, attenuated 
towards the base, and varying from one to four inches in length; those of 
the radical ones longer and broader. Petioles from a span to a foot long, 
slightly dilated at the base. Stipules lanceolate, acute, hairy. Racemes 
terminal, a foot long, composed of numerous crowded verticils. Flowers 
from 10 to 15 in each whorl. Pedicels cylindrical, purple, shorter than the 
calyx. Calyx ebracteolate, bilabiate; lips entire; the lower one about twice 
as long as the upper, lanceolate, acute. Corolla bluish purple; vexillum 
rounded, mucronulate, the sides folded back; wings cordate-oblong, con- 
nivent ; keel consisting of two petals cohering together, white and furnished 
with a lobe at the base, the apex acuminate, incurved, and of a darker 
purple. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Filaments white, glabrous. Anthers 
orange, those of the five longer stamens nearly spherical, the others linear. 
Ovarium silky. Style slender, filiform. Stigma small, capitate. 

Nearly related to L. polyphyllus, from which it is principally dis- 
tinguished by its more robust habit, larger leaves, which together with the 
rest of the plant are clothed with copious pubescence. The whorls of 
flowers are also more crowded, the pedicels shorter, the lower lip of the 
calyx longer than the upper one, and the corolla is of a purple colour. In 
other respects both plants are much alike, and it is not improbable that 
they may be only forms of the same species. We have, however, preferred 
following Mr. Bentham, who regards them as distinct species, not having 
had ourselves sufficient opportunities of studying the characters when 
growing together, 


Lupinus grandifolius Lindl. and L. macrophyllus Benth. may 
be the same species; also L. magnus Greene, Pitt. 3: 160. The 


* Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. 


FEBRUARY, 1939| PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES I5I 


descriptions all seem to refer to the fine robust coastal species 
growing in wet places and extending in California from Santa 
Cruz to Humboldt County, as shown by specimens in Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. Specimens from the interior from Trinity County, 
California, and southern Oregon are also apparently the same. 
In Herb. Bentham, at Kew both are represented in fruit: 
L. grandifolius Lindl., with ripe seed-pods spreading hori- 
zontally and L. macrophyllus Benth., with seed-pods erect. From 
observations of the author, the seed-pods of the coastal species 
are at first erect, but when ripe, horizontally spreading. This 
position of the seed-pods in these closely allied species may or 
may not be specific. However, it calls for observation. 
LuPINUS ELONGATUs Greene ex Heller, Muhl. 6:17(1910). 


Herbaceous perennial: stems numerous from a thick root-stock, 9 dm. 
high or less, stout often 1 cm. across the base, hollow and somewhat succu- 
lent, glabrous to the naked eye, but sparingly pubescent with short 
appressed hairs, especially above, greenish-yellow or purplish: petioles of 
the lower leaves very long, often 2 dm. or more, dilated at base, those of 
the other leaves successively shorter ; stipules of the lower leaves 2 to 3 cm. 
long, a little more than 1 mm. wide, adnate to the petiole for three-fourths 
their length, the free portion lance-subulate, somewhat pubescent; leaflets 
variable in number, but usually 7 to 9, elliptical-lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. long, 
13 mm. wide or less, rather bright green above, somewhat glaucescent and 
appressed pubescent beneath, the acute apex apiculate: peduncles exceed- 
ing the leaves, usually about 7 cm. long; inflorescence elongated, fre- 
quently 3 dm. long, verticillate or sub-verticillate, the lower internodes 
longer than the flowers: bracts exceeding the calyx, subulate-acuminate, 
12 mm. long, densely villous, caducous: pedicels slender, 4 or 5 mm. long, 
appressed pubescent: flowers bright violet-blue, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. deep, 
distance between apices of banner and wings 4 mm., calyx white-silky, 
the pubescence both appressed and spreading, the lobes nearly equal, the 
upper 6 mm. long, prominently 2-toothed, the lower 7 mm. long, narrow 
and pointed, strongly convex dorsally when fresh, slightly 3-toothed, the 
middle tooth longest: banner with sides reflexed, the edges meeting and 
slightly inrolled, the face narrow and deeply grooved, the apex extending 
on the back into a sharp and rather deep keel-like projection; wings only 
moderately inflated, the edges meeting except under the calyx, the upper 
ones raised into a sharp knife-like line, with a rather deep wrinkle or 
trough on either side, the pair 5 mm. wide; individual wings 8 mm. broad 
when spread out, well rounded on the lower side, the upper almost straight, 
the claw very short, only 1 mm. or a little more in length; keel moderately 
curved, glabrous, 4 mm. deep across the middle: pods 2.5 cm. long or less, 
7 mm. wide, densely tawny pubescent with long spreading hairs, 5 to 7- 
seeded: seeds chocolate-brown when mature, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, 
smooth, rather dull. 


152 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


The type, in the herbarium of A. A. Heller, is Baker 1135, collected 
in July, 1902, at Spooner, Douglas county, Nevada. The description of 
the pods and seeds is drawn from Heller 9774, collected June 28, 1909, in 
wet meadows at Franktown, Washoe county, Nevada, elevation 5000 feet, 
where it is plentiful. This specimen is in the herbarium of the Nevada 
Agricultural Experiment Station. 

This species is probably referred to under the description of L. Burkei: 
“On the east side of the Sierra; near Carson City (46 Anderson, 262 
Stretch).” But Miss Eastwood informs me that the type of L. Burkei from 
the “Snake country” is not the same as our Nevada plant. Dr. Robinson 
has kindly sent me a fragment of the type, and from this a drawing has 
been made which shows that L. elongatus has very different characters. 

Besides the Nevada specimens mentioned, we have L. elongatus from 
Red Clover valley, California, my no. 8715, collected in 1907. This, 
according to my notes, differs only in having the flowers creamy-white, 
fading brown. I long ago associated it with the type of L. elongatus. The 
flower characters are identical, color being the only difference. The long 
bracts on the undeveloped flower-spikes are a prominent feature of this 
species. 

While Greene named this species in manuscript founded on 
C. F. Baker’s collection, the description was undoubtedly written 
by Heller, who included his own collection from Franktown. 
Duplicates of both are in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. and have 
been studied for comparison with other collections. Two from 
Plumas County collected by Mrs. Austin seem to be the only 
other representatives. 


Lupinus piIperitus Davidson, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
26:70 (1927). Published L. piperita. 


Upright perennial 6—8 dm. high, stem fistulose; petioles 10 cm. long, 
leaflets 6 or 7, lanceolate, 6—8 cm. long, 2—2%4 cm. wide; racemes 4—5 
cm. long; flowers crowded, not verticillate; bracts early deciduous; pedi- 
cels 5 cm. long, flowers 1—1% cm. long, blue, banner with a yellow blotch; 
lower sepal green entire, upper semimembranous, acutely cleft nearly half 
its depth; pods 5 cm. long, 6—8 seeded, covered with short hairs; seeds 
light brown with a dark line near hilum and scattered dark spots above. 
Whole plant otherwise than the pod absolutely glabrous except a tiny 
tuft of hairs on tip of lower sepal and a few hairs in the cleft of the upper 
sepal. The flowers have a characteristic pepper-like odor. 

Type No. 3645. Sequoia National Park, July, 1927. Abundant in the 
meadow near the main camp. 

I first saw this plant many years ago and was struck by its unusual 
fragrance, but I failed to secure fruit. This season Mrs. Susan Hutchinson 
gathered complete specimens. She informs me that the natives there know 
it as the pepper lupine. 


FEBRUARY, 1939| PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 153 


Specimens in Herb, Calif. Acad. Sci. are: Sequoia National 
Park, Mrs. Charles Derby, July, 1928, and Charlotte Hoak, 
August, 1923; Big Meadows near Badger, Tulare Co., Ynez W. 
Windblad; Converse Basin, South Fork of King’s River, col- 
lected by the author in 1893 and 1899. 


LuPINUS SUPERBUS Heller, Muhl. 2: 209 (1905). 


Herbaceous perennial about 1 meter high, the stems stout, 1 cm. in 
diameter, hollow, rather brittle, glabrous or nearly so, greenish-yellow; 
leaflets normally 9, light green, elliptical-lanceolate, about 5 cm. long, 
12 mm. wide at the middle, the uppermost little reduced, acute, armed 
with a sharp mucro over 1 mm. long, glabrous above, villous beneath; 
petioles of the lower leaves 1 dm. long, those of the uppermost half the 
length, all more or less pubescent with appressed hairs; stipules mem- 
branous, lanceolate, those of the lower leaves 1 cm. long, long acuminate, 
those of the upper ones shorter, with less prolonged acumination: inflo- 
rescence 2 dm. long or less: flowers bright violet purple, dense but sub- 
verticillate on slender pubescent pedicels 3 or 4 mm. long: bracts linear 
setaceous, 6 or 7 mm. long, villous, deciduous: calyx 6 mm. long, silky, 
the hairs somewhat spreading, both lobes entire, acute, the upper with a 
short blunt and rounded spur-like base: corollas 12 mm. long and as deep, 
a space of 6 mm. between the tips of the banner and wings, face of banner 
narrow, 2 mm. across, grooved, unspotted, the edges turned back and 
parallel for the whole distance, the space between 2 mm. wide; the wings 
deep boat-shaped, narrowly inflated, closed all around except the space 
under the lower calyx lobe, the edges raised and sharp, the inner face next 
the banner 4 or 5 mm. across, with a groove on either side of the raised 
edges; keel glabrous, rather strongly curved, about 3 mm. deep at base, 
4 mm. across the middle, from that point tapering to the acuminate purple 
apex: pods densely villous, immature ones 3 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, about 
8-seeded, the seeds whitish, unspotted. 

The type is no. 8349, collected May 30, 1906, in wet meadows about a 
mile northeast of Bishop, Inyo county, California. The spikes closely set 
with bright violet purple flowers give it a very ornamental appearance. 
It occurs in several meadows near Bishop. The relationship is with the 
group of which L. polyphyllus is the type. 


Type, in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 694. 
LUPINUS PROCERUS Greene ex Heller, Muhl. 6:19 (1910). 


Herbaceous perennial: stems numerous from a thick root-stock, 6 dm. 
high, stout, 1 cm. in diameter near the base, hollow, more or less purplish, 
scantily appressed pubescent with short hairs: lowermost leaves on peti- 
oles 1 dm. long, with an enlarged clasping base; stipules of these 3 cm. 
long, adnate except the upper third which is subulate-acuminate, those of 
the upper leaves barely half as long, nearly free; leaflets 6 to 9, the lower- 
most spatulate, 2 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, the apex blunt and rounded, the 
others broadly oblanceolate, 7 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, acutish and apicu- 


154 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


late, all sparingly appressed pubescent on both sides, glaucescent beneath, 
pale green above: peduncles about 1 dm. long: inflorescence somewhat 
sub-verticillate, rather lax below: bracts 1 cm. long, subulate-acuminate, 
pubescent, caducous: pedicels 5 mm. long, pubescent with short, somewhat 
appressed silky hairs: flowers bright violet-blue, 12 mm. long and as deep, 
distance between apices of banner and wings 5 mm.: upper calyx lobe 
5 mm. long, almost truncate, with merely a broad shallow notch, the apex 
nearly 4 mm. broad when spread out, the lower lip entire, 8 mm. long, 
narrow-convex dorsally and sharp pointed in nature, broadly lanceolate 
when spread out: banner with sides turned back and nearly meeting, but 
the edges not inrolled, face narrow, with a deep groove, ending at the apex 
in a pouch which extends on the back into a point 1 mm. or a little more 
in length, but is depressed below the apex, claw somewhat blunt spurred; 
wings rather widely inflated, 8 mm. deep, united below the apex for 4 mm., 
from thence open below and exposing the keel, the upper edges with a 
broad and shallow groove on either side; keel strongly curved, 5 mm. deep 
at the middle, glabrous, purple tipped: pods 3.5 cm. long or less, 1 cm. 
wide, white woolly, the hairs short and not remarkably dense: seeds large, 
5 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, slightly flattened, gray, mottled and marbled 
with brown, with a more or less distinctly marked oblique brown line. 

The type, in the herbarium of the Nevada Agricultural Experiment 
Station, is Heller 9902a, collected July 29, 1909, on Mt. Rose, Washoe 
county, Nevada, at an elevation of 9650 feet. It is abundant at that 
elevation on the northern flank of the mountain in wet places, growing in 
company with Castilleja, Elephantella, Salix, and other moisture-loving 
plants. 

Other specimens from Nevada are Baker 1376 from Snow valley, 
Ormsby county, and 1349 from Clear Creek canyon, Ormsby county, dis- 
tributed as “Lupinus procerus Greene, n. sp. f.” These are both fragmen- 
tary, showing only the upper part of the plant, hence neither of them were 
selected as the type. Kennedy 1186, collected August 17, 1905, is from 
type locality, and is labeled L. rivularis. The description of the pods and 
seeds is taken from Kennedy 975, collected at Glenbrook on Lake Tahoe, 
October 31, 1904. 

This species is related to L. elongatus, but differs in its thicker, less 
pointed glaucescent leaves, and especially in the flower, which, although 
of the same color, is of a different shape and has much more evident spur. 
The pubescence of the calyx is more appressed and the lobes entire. The 
edges of the banner, while turned back and parallel, do not meet and inroll, 
and the claw of the wing is very short. The pods are broader, the pubes- 
cence much shorter, more appressed, gray instead of tawny, and the larger 
seeds gray and marbled instead of a uniform chocolate-brown. 


Specimens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., named by E. L. Greene, 
are Baker No. 1376, from Snow Valley, Ormsby County, Nevada, 
also Baker No. 1349, from Clear Creek Canyon, Ormsby County, 
Nevada. The first Greene evidently meant as the type. How- 


FEBRUARY, 1939| PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 155 


ever, while Greene gave the name, the description was made by 
Heller from his own collection on Mt. Rose. Many specimens 
in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. agree with these. The spe- 
cies seems common in the Tahoe region, extending into Sierra, 
Plumas, and Eldorado counties and as far south as Tulare 
County. 

Lupinus Burke! Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. Sci. 8: 525 (1873). 
I made the following description from two specimens marked 
sp. nov. in Herb. Hooker. at Kew, collected by Burke in moist 
places, “Snake country,” July 8. 


Stems hollow, 5—10 mm. in diameter, bright straw color, striate and 
sparsely pubescent ; lowest leaves very long, 1.5—2 dm., the lowest stipules 
adnate in tallest specimen for 3—5 cm., dilated at base and semi-amplex- 
icaul, the free portion almost 2 cm. long and attenuate to a filiform tip 
which is plumose, stipules become smaller as they ascend, petioles shorter 
and leaflets smaller, root-leaves with shorter, broader leaflets than those 
midway, leaflets 7 or 8, upper surface green, glabrous, lower sparsely 
appressed-pubescent, broadly lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, largest 5.5 
cm. long, broadest 15 mm. broad; peduncles short and stout, racemes 
densely flowered, verticillate 1—1.5 dm. long or less in small plants; bracts 
subpersistent (in one raceme, not in the other), subulate, attenuate, hairy, 
membranous, lowest ones more than 1 cm. long, much surpassing the short 
pedicels (3—5 mm.) and surpassing the buds; calyx with entire ebracteo- 
late lips, upper 4 mm., lower 5 mm. long, spreading with very open sinus; 
banner glabrous externally, pointed and folded at apex, then ridged to 
the broad fold at middle which widens to the folded sac-like claw; wings 
7 mm. wide, 1 cm. long, covering the keel, except at the very tip. 


One specimen was twice as tall as the other, the shorter, 
perhaps a variety, with flowers of a pink colour. 

Specimens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are from Montana, 
Idaho, and Spokane County, Washington. 

Dr. Watson included in L. Burkei plants from the east side 
of the Sierra. This is far from “Snake country,”’ where Burke 
collected, and the description that follows is inadequate to dis- 
tinguish the differences. It seems better to regard Burke’s col- 
lection as that to which the name should be applied rather than 
any from Nevada. (See p. 152, where Heller’s disposition of the 
Nevada specimens is quoted.) Watson’s description is here 
given: 

Resembling the last,* but distinguished by broader stipules, the lower 

* Lupinus rivularis var. latifolius Wats. Although no synonomy or 


comment accompanies Watson's varietal name, it is undoubtedly a new 
combination for L. latifolius Agardh. 


156 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


leaves long-petioled, the raceme usually short and dense, with pedicels 
mostly but 1—2” long, bracts villous and subpersistent, pubescence of 
the calyx somewhat villous and more or less spreading; pod 8-seeded.— 
On the east side of the Sierra; near Carson City (46 Anderson, 262 
Stretch) ; “Snake country” (Burke) ; Falls of the Yellowstone (Hayden). 


INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—IV 


BY PHILIP A. MUNZ 
Pomona College, Claremont, California 


CENOTHERA (Raimannia) MUELLERI Munz, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club 64: 304 (1937). In my original description of this species 
I assumed the color to be yellow. I have a letter dated Sept. 14, 
1937, from Dr. C. H. Muller (originally spelled Mueller) saying 
that the color is pure white. An additional collection of the spe- 
cies is from gravelly arroyo, Cieneguillas, Pablillo, southeast of 
Galeana, Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, at 2400- 
2500 m., F. W. Pennell No. 17142 (US*), with a note “petals 
white becoming amaranth-pink.” The white flowers and nodding 
buds would indicate some affinity to G2. coronopifolia T. & G. 
and CE. albicaulis Pursh (cf. Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 22 :646,— 
1935). 


CEnothera (Raimannia) Pennellii Munz, spec. nov. Perennis, acaules- 
cens, ex caudice crasso; foliis radicalibus, strigoso-villosis, subviridibus ; 
juvenioribus anguste rhomboideis, remote serratis, laminis 1—2 cm. longis, 
in petiolos alatos sensim angustatis, petiolis 1—2 cm. longis, foliis maturi- 
oribus sinuato-pinnatifidis, cum 3—5 lobis principalibus (3—7 mm. longis, 
deltoideis aut lanceolato-oblongis) in latere utroque, cum lobo terminali 
rhomboideo aut ovato, 5—12 mm. longo, lamina tota 2—6 cm. longa, 1—2 
cm. lata, cum petiolo tenui, alato, 1.5—3.5 cm. longo; floribus axillaribus, 
brevioribus quam folia; hypanthiis tenuibus, subrubris, 2—2.5 cm. longis, 
extra aliquantum breviter villosis, intus glabris; sepalis binis anthesin 
reflexis, lanceolato-oblongis, 5 mm. longis, pubescentibus pzene sine apici- 
bus corniculatis; petalis flavis, in zetate subroseis, 6 mm. longis, 5—6 mm. 
latis, emarginatis et cum dente brevi; staminibus petalas zquantibus, 
epipetalis, alterna excedentibus, totis glabris, filamentis subcomplanatis, 
antheris circa 2 mm. longis ; stylibus glabris, ad medium staminium extensis, 
lobis stigmatis 1.5 mm. longis; capsulis cylindraceis, cum muris tenuibus, 
pubescentibus, 2.5—2.8 cm. longis, 0.3 cm. latis; seminibus in 2 ordinibus 
in cellula utraque, 1 mm. longis, subfuscis, foveolatis, cum lira media. 

Perennial, acaulescent, from fairly stout taproot; leaves in a rosette, 

* The following abbreviations after cited specimens indicate these her- 


baria: NY, New York Botanical Garden; P, Pomona College; S, herbarium 
at Sacaton, Arizona; US, United States National Herbarium. 


FEBRUARY, 1939| INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 57, 


strigose-villous, greenish, the younger ones apparently narrowly rhomboid, 
remotely serrate, with blades 1—2 cm. long, gradually narrowed into 
winged petioles about as long, the older ones sinuate-pinnatifid with 3 to 5 
principal lobes (3—7 mm. long, deltoid to lance-oblong) on each side and 
a terminal rhomboid to ovate lobe 5—12 mm. long, the whole blade 2—6 cm. 
long, 1—2 cm. wide, narrowed into a slender winged petiole 1.5—3.5 cm. 
long; flowers axillary, shorter than leaves; hypanthium slender, somewhat 
reddish, 2—2.5 cm. long, somewhat short-villous without with appressed 
or divergent hairs, glabrous within; sepals reflexed in pairs at anthesis, 
lance-oblong, 5 mm. long, pubescent, practically lacking corniculate tips; 
petals yellow, reddish in age, 6 mm. long, about as wide, somewhat notched 
apically with short tooth in notch; stamens about as long as petals, those 
opposite the petals slightly exceeding the alternate ones, all glabrous, fila- 
ments somewhat flattened; anthers about 2 mm. long; style glabrous, 
reaching to about half the length of the stamens; stigma-lobes 1.5 mm. long, 
almost half as wide; capsule cylindrical, thin-walled, quite sessile, pubes- 
cent, 2.5—2.8 cm. long, 0.3 cm. thick; seeds in two rows in each cell of 
capsule, light brown, 1 mm. long, spherical-obovoid, with median ridge, 
and whole surface rather regularly shallowly pitted. 


Type, from grassy slope, Mt. “El Infernillo,” Pablillo, south- 
east of Galeana, Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, 
at 2750 to 2900 m., June 29, 1934, F. W. Pennell No. 17139 
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1640419). A second collection is from 
Mt. “El Temoroso,” north of Aranzazu, Zacatecas, Mexico, at 
2900 to 3100 m., Pennell No. 17466 (US). The type collection 
is more loosely pubescent and has longer leaves than the other. 

The proposed species has the habit of some of the western 
Taraxias or of Ginothera nana Griseb. of South America. It is 
apparently closely related to CZ. laciniata var. pubescens ( Willd.) 
Munz in general leaf-appearance, length of hypanthium, size of 
seeds, the shape and pitting of seeds, but it is quite acaulescent 
and apparently definitely perennial from a thick taproot. In my 
key to the species of the subgenus Raimannia (Amer. Journ. 
Bot. 22 : 646,—1935), the proposed species runs into “B” under 
“AA” with GE. nana. From this species it differs by the lobed 
leaf-blades, longer hypanthium (20 to 25 mm. instead of 5), 
somewhat larger flowers, longer capsules, and evenly colored 
seeds. It is a pleasure to dedicate this species to its collector, 
Dr. F. W. Pennell. 

GEnothera (Euenothera) Hookeri T. & G. var. hirsu- 
tissima (Gray) Munz, comb. nov. CG. biennis var. hirsutissima 
Gray, Pl. Fend., 43 (1849), as nomen subnudum; Gray, PI. 
Wright. 2: 56 (1853), without further description ; Torrey, Bot. 


158 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


Mex. Bound. Surv., 65 (1858), without further description ; 
Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 579 (1873) and Bot. Calif. 1: 223 
(1876), with more description, but applicable only in part. 
CE. hirsutissima (Gray) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:66 
(1913). 

This varietal name is being used for the plants of Utah, 
Arizona, New Mexico and Chihuahua with rather hairy stems, 
hypanthia and sepals, some of the longer hairs papillose at base; 
corniculate tips of sepals 2—3 mm. long; sepals scarcely or not 
at all angular. 

CEnothera (Chylismia) claveformis Torr. & Frem. var. Peeblesii 
Munz, var. nov. Petalis albis; ovariis hypanthiis et sepalis glanduloso- 
puberulis. 

Type, from Casa Grande, Pinal Co., Arizona, Peebles & 
Harrison No. 3537, Feb. 25, 1927, U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1367424. 
Growing in washes and dry sandy places below 3500 ft., Yavapai, 
Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Cochise counties, Arizona. The pro- 
posed variety is named for Mr. R. H. Peebles of Sacaton, Ari- 
zona, whose botanical activity scarcely needs mention. It differs 
from var. aurantiaca (S. Wats.) Munz, Amer. Journ. Bot. 
15:237 (1928), which has hypanthium and calyx strigillose, by 
being glandular-puberulent and by having a much more restricted 
range. In the above reference such glandular plants were in- 
cluded under var. aurantiaca. Material seen: Yavapai Co., Con- 
gress Junction, Jones in 1903 (P). Maricopa Co., Wickenberg, 
Jones in 1903 (P) ; Sentinel, Harrison No. 3557 (P, S); Aguila, 
Jones No. 25884 (P) ; Stewart Mountain Dam, Peebles & Fulton 
No. 10682 (P). Pima Co., Tucson, Zuck in 1896 (NY, US), 
Rose No. 11877 (US), Cory No. 3286 (P), Toumey No. 154 
(US), in 1894 (NY); Santa Rita Range Reserve, Griffiths No. 
3878 (US); Sells, Fosberg No. 7735 (P). Pinal Co., Sacaton, 
Peebles No. 6708 (NY); San Tan Mts., Peebles & Harrison 
No. 1844 (US). Cochise Co., Benson, Wilcox in 1905 (US). 

Dr. S. F. Blake of the Bureau of Plant Industry has kindly 
called my attention to the fact that Senecio utahensis (A. Nels.) 
Greenman of my paper in Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 114 (1938) should 
have read Senecio uintahensis, and that Aplopappus brickelli- 
oides Blake, recorded on page 115 in the same paper as new to 
California, had previously been reported from the state by Blake, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 45: 141 (1932). 


FEBRUARY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 159 


STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS—I 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


In this article I have reconsidered Ceanothus divergens Parry 
and have described two new species which seem to be closely 
related to it. One of these seems to have been more or less com- 
pletely confused with Parry’s species although there appears to 
be an adequate basis for their taxonomic separation. In a later 
article I expect to present a key to the subgenus Cerastes of 
Ceanothus for the Coast Ranges of California in which I shall 
attempt to show the relationship between the several species and 
varieties and to indicate characters for distinguishing them. 

CEANOTHUS DIVERGENS Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci. 5: 173 
(1889). C. prostratus var. divergens (Parry) K. Bdg., Proc. Calif. Acad. 
Sci., ser. 2, 4:210 (1894). Erect or low-branching shrub 0.5—1 m. and 
perhaps even 2 m. tall, the “divergent branches inclined to support them- 
selves on adjoining bushes, but never decumbent” (Parry); branches 
tomentose near the ends, dark brown or dark grey below; leaves oblong 
to broadly elliptic or obovate, 1—2.5 cm. long, 0.5—1.5 cm. wide, shortly 
petioled or subsessile, broadly cuneate, serrately pinnatifid with usually 
5—8 short spinescent lobes or the margins of smaller leaves only serrate- 
spinescent, dark green above, grey-green below, the upper side of the leaves 
more or less convex with the midvein and lateral veins evident and the 
intermediate veinlets also conspicuous, margins somewhat revolute and 
tending to be undulate, stipules conspicuous, 1.5—2 mm. long; flowers blue, 
generally less than 15 in small corymbs racemosely arranged along the 
branchlets ; fruit subglobose, 6—7 mm. in diameter, the horns conspicuous, 
much wrinkled, 2—3 mm. long, erect or divergent, low wrinkled inter- 
mediate crests generally present; seeds at least 3 mm. long, black, nearly 
smooth and shining. 

Specimens examined: the type collection, “Calistoga, Cali- 
fornia,” Parry in 1881-8 (Herb. Gray.) ; Calistoga, Napa Co., 
Wright in 1922; hills back of Napa asylum, Leach in 1921; 
Mt. St. Helena, Eastwood No. 11747A (noted as an “erect 
shrub”), J. T. Howell No. 1705 (noted as erect and “a couple 
of feet” high). 


Ceanothus divergens Parry has a natural though somewhat 
restricted distribution within the drainage of the Napa River. 
For the most part it is a distinctive plant, one readily separable 
from its relatives, except on Mt. St. Helena where hybrid-like 
intermediates have been found between it and C. confusus, a 
new species to be described below. 


160 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


The leaves on the specimen of the type collection are smaller 
than those found characteristically in the species; not that these 
smaller leaves are commonly absent from any particular speci- 
men, but usually they are associated with those larger, broader, 
subpinnatifid leaves which give to the plant its distinctive appear- 
ance. The leaves of the Parry collection compared most favor- 
ably with certain leaves on the specimen from Calistoga by Mrs. 
Wright, but on other parts of this same branchlet are the larger 
type of leaves which are unique in this species. I believe that if 
the branchlets of Parry’s specimen were more ample they too 
would show some of these larger leaves. 


In appearance, C. divergens most closely resembles C. pur- 
pureus Jepson, a highly local species in the southern part of the 
Napa Range. It may be, however, that the two have no direct 
relation to each other, that the resemblance is only a superficial 
simulation and not indicative of monophyletic origin. Ceanothus 
purpureus would seem more directly related to C. gloriosus 
Howell in its suborbicular dentate leaves, larger stipules, and 
smaller fruits, while C. divergens seems more definitely related 
to C. confusus, and through it, perhaps, to C. prostratus. The 
historic idea that a close interrelation exists between C. divergens 
and C. prostratus must await confirmation with the collection of 
further data. Even at this late date we have very little critical 
knowledge on the field occurrence of C. divergens and there is 
some evidence to support the theory that it is a hybrid of relatively 
recent origin. 


Ceanothus confusus J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Frutex prostratus vel 
subprostratus circa 1 m. diametro; caulibus radicantibus subter, subrigidis, 
tenuiter tomentosis villosisve apice, cortice ferrugineo vel rufo primo, serius 
fusco; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, 1—2 cm. longis, 0.5—1 cm. latis, 
subsessilibus vel petiolis 1—2 mm. longis, viridulis supra, griseo-viridulis 
infra, vel pene planis vel paulum plicatis in longitudinem vel paulum con- 
vexis supra, costa aperta et venis lateralibus minus apertis supra, costa 
et venis perspicuis infra, cuneatis basi, fere tridentatis apice, dente medio 
fere longiore quam laterales, margine laterali 1 vel 2 dentes ferentibus 
vel margine integris, dentibus breviter spinescentibus, stipulis conspicuis, 
suberosis, 1—2 mm. longis; floribus 5—6 mm. latis, cyaneis, in corymbis 
parvis (circa 15-floris) pedunculatis subracemose dispositis compositis ; 
capsulis subglobosis, 5 mm. diametro, cornibus subapicalibus, fere erectis, 
1—2 mm. longis, oblongis, rugosis, cristis mediis vel prominentibus et 
rugosis vel subobsoletis; seminibus 3 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, subnigres- 
centibus, subopacis. 


FEBRUARY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 161 


The types are from Rincon Ridge, northeast of Santa Rosa, 
Sonoma Co., California: that for flower, J. T. Howell No. 12897, 
April 11, 1937, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 246073 ; that for fruit, 
J. T. Howell No. 13080, July 4, 1937, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 246074. These collections have been widely distributed as 
C. prostratus var. divergens (Parry) K. Bdg. 

Other specimens of this Ceanothus that have been studied 
are: Rincon Ridge, Sonoma Co., J. T. Howell No. 10946 ; Hood 
Mt., Sonoma Co., J. T. Howell No. 10937 ; Cobb Mt., Lake Co., 
Jussel in 1933, Jussel No. 322, M.S. Baker No. 2332A. It is 
expected that typical C. confusus will be found on Mt. St. Helena, 
but the two specimens examined from there vary towards 
C. divergens Parry: Eastwood No. 4700 and Eastwood No. 
11747. One more collection may be tentatively referred to this 
new species: Coffee Creek Canyon near Battle Creek, Trinity 
Co., J. T. Howell No. 13589. The short broad much-wrinkled 
horns on the fruits of this collection are suggestive of those in 
certain forms of C. prostratus Benth., but in all other characters 
the plant seems to belong here. It was originally determined and 
distributed as C. pumilus Greene, but that is a different plant. 

Ceanothus confusus is the most variable entity being con- 
sidered at this time and is what has been more generally called 
C. prostratus var. divergens (Parry) K. Bdg. than has the his- 
torical C. divergens Parry. Although in habit C. confusus simu- 
lates C. prostratus Benth., it differs in minor details of foliage, 
and in fruit it is quite distinct. It is probably most closely related 
to C. divergens, but from that it differs in its prostrate habit, 
smaller dentate leaves, and smaller fruit with shorter horns. 


Variants from typical C. confusus have been seen which might 
indicate that it is not as simple a specific entity as it is described. 
One such variant has been mentioned above, a prostrate Ceano- 
thus with small fruits in Trinity County which is tentatively 
referred to C. confusus rather than to C. prostratus which occurs 
in the higher mountains of that county. Further collections of 
C. confusus or closely related variants are to be expected from 
the inner Coast Ranges between Lake County and Trinity County 
if this Trinity County plant has as close a genetic relationship 
to this species as I believe. 


On Mt. St. Helena, C. confusus intergrades with C. diver- 


162 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


gens ; and, although collections typical of the latter species have 
been seen from there, no entirely typical collection of C. confusus 
has been examined. 

On the west side of the Hood Mt. Range, typical C. confusus 
has been collected from serpentine slopes in the Sonoma Creek 
Canyon ; but in the lower part of the same canyon and elsewhere 
in the range, collections have been made (cf. J. T. Howell No. 
12908) which appear like hybrids between C. confusus and 
C. sonomensis, a new species to be described below. These plants 
have leaves nearly like those of C. confusus but they are more 
or less erect. 


Other collections from the Hood Mt. Range appear to be 
hybrids between C. confusus and C. cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. 
Typical C. cuneatus occurs in the range in the vicinity of the 
Petrified Forest (J. T. Howell No. 13068) and probably at 
numerous other stations, but entirely typical C. cuneatus from 
the Hood Mt. region has not been seen, although certain col- 
lections we have from the vicinity of the Sonoma Creek Canyon 
(Goff in 1937) were regarded by Mr. Harry Goff and Mr. M. S. 
Baker as typical of that species. I am inclined to regard as sus- 
pected hybrids between C. confusus and C. cuneatus all the Hood 
Mt. material that I have seen of this sort with numerous dentate 
leaves. 

On Big Red Mt., Mendocino County, a low Ceanothus with 
tiny nearly entire leaves has been collected (Eastwood & Howell 
No. 4660). It is probably the same as the plant named C. pros- 
tratus var. profugus Jepson (FI. Calif. 2:479), which was col- 
lected on Little Red Mt., and Mr. M. S. Baker has given me a 
specimen of a related plant from the same region collected at 
Cummings. Until we have seen mature fruit of this plant, it is 
not possible to determine its proper affinities. In habit, there 
appears to be no difference between it and C. pumilus Greene, a 
species with very short horns and no crests; but very immature 
fruits on Eastwood & Howell No. 4660 would seem to indi- 
cate that at maturity they will bear horns similar to those of 
C. confusus. 


Ceanothus sonomensis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Frutex rigidus, 
erectus, 0.6—1.5 m. altus, ramis divaricatis et subnumerosis, cortice ciner- 
aceo vel fusco, ramulis glabratis vel minute pubescentibus apice; foliis 


FEBRUARY, 1939| STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 163 


anguste ad late obovatis vel deltoideis, 0.5—1.2 cm. longis, 3—7 mm. latis, 
olivaceis supra, griseo-viridulis infra, vel pzne planis vel paulo plicatis in 
longitudinem, cuneatis basi, truncatis vel emarginatis et bi- vel tridentatis 
apice, margine 1 ad 3 dentes ferentibus, dentibus fere parvis, rigidis, sub- 
spinescentibus ; petiolis perbrevibus, stipulis conspicuis, 1.5—2 mm. longis, 
suberosis, primo ferrugineis; floribus parvis cyaneis in corymbis numerosis 
parvis (circa 5—10-floris) pedunculatis subracemose dispositis compos- 
itis; capsulis subglobosis, circa 4—5 mm. diametro, cornibus subapicalibus 
erectis, paulo rugulosis, 1.5—2 mm. longis, cristis mediis tenuibus, circa 
0.5 mm. altis; seminibus oblongis, 3—3.5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, brunneis, 
subnitentibus. 

The types are from the west slope of Triniti Mt., about two 
miles northeast of Glen Ellen, Hood Mt. Range, Sonoma Co., 
California, at an elevation of about 1000 feet: that for flower, 
J. T. Howell No. 10930, April 1, 1933, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 262003 ; that for fruit, Henry Reents, May 23, 1936, Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 262004. Other collections from the Hood 
Mt. Range, Sonoma County, are: immature fruit from the type 
locality, J. T. Howell No. 12609 ; from transplants from the type 
locality cultivated by Mr. M. S. Baker at Brookside Garden, 
J. T. Howell No. 12909 (in flower), M.S. Baker No. 8735 (in 
fruit) ; lower Sonoma Creek Canyon, J. T. Howell No. 12907 
(in flower); six miles from Santa Rosa on road to Sonoma, 
J.T. Howell No. 12905 (in flower). The plants from which the 
last two specimens were collected were quite like C. sonomensis, 
but other plants around them appeared like hybrids between 
C. sonomensis and related species which occur in the same range. 
A detailed consideration of hybridization in this group will 
probably be taken up later. 


Ceanothus sonomensis appears to be a local species on the 
western side of the Hood Mt. Range. In the southern part of 
the range at the type locality it is a common and uniform element 
in the chaparral. At a station several miles to the north, our 
plant is discernible (cf. J. T. Howell No. 12905) in the midst 
of a variable complex of individuals which seem to have arisen 
through hybridization. 

This species was first brought to my attention by Mr. M. S. 
Baker and immediately it stood out as distinct from all other 
kinds in the region. Interestingly enough, when a diagnosis was 
first drawn up for the plant, it was found to be indistinguishable 


164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. 11, NO. 9 


from C. rigidus Nutt., a species nearly, if not quite, endemic to 
the Monterey district. It seemed apparent that these two plants 
must have entirely unrelated histories if only because of their 
occurrence with such a great geological and geographic hiatus 
between them: C. rigidus, obviously associated with other peculi- 
arly localized floral elements of relictual character on the 
Monterey Peninsula; C. sonomensis, presumably related to and 
segregated from the Ceanothus-Cerastes complex of the Napa- 
Sonoma region which in no way can be regarded relictual. 

In the detailed comparison of the two entities which ensued, 
the remarkable superficial similarity between the two in habit 
and foliage remained practically undisturbed, but several techni- 
cal differences were found, which, taken together with the matter 
of geographic distribution, will adequately serve to distinguish 
them. In C. sonomensis, the corymbs are shortly to rather con- 
spicuously pedunculate, the fruits bear elongate and knobbed 
horns with obvious wrinkled crests between, and the style- 
branches are generally elongate and slender; in C. rigidus, the 
corymbs are subsessile or sessile, the horns are very short and 
scarcely wrinkled, the intermediate crests are nearly or quite 
lacking, and the style-branches are short and clavate. In habit, 
leaves or fruit, C. sonomensis differs from its relatives in the 
Napa-Sonoma region, C. confusus and C. divergens, to both of 
which, I believe, C. sonomensis is to be closely related phylo- 
genetically. 


ty oA 7 


This proposal to recognize two more species of Ceanothus in 
the subgenus Cerastes is made with considerable hesitation even 
after a number of years of study both in the field and in the her- 
barium. That real specific entities exist in this subgenus is every- 
where acknowledged, but the diversity of opinion that has been 
expressed as to their number and alignment may serve as an 
indication of the complexity of the problems involved. 

To take, then, what has been accepted for many years as 
merely a more or less localized geographic variety within this 
complex group and to recognize instead three distinct species is, 
to say the least, anything but conservative. But as studies pro- 


FEBRUARY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 165 


ceeded, it became evident that, according to our understanding 
of criteria in Ceanothus, C. prostratus var. divergens (Parry) 
K. Bdg. was not a taxonomic expression of a simple geographic 
race, but was a serviceable name made to do duty for several 
entities. That these entities may be regarded as closely related 
species is the opinion I express here; that they may be inter- 
preted as varieties or subspecies by some other botanists is likely ; 
but if the latter view is accepted, I believe it is wrong to relate 
them too closely and entirely to C. prostratus Benth., especially 
if proper emphasis is to be placed on the size and character of 
the fruit. 

The C. divergens group possibly may have been derived from 
a prototype of C. prostratus; but the interchange of characters 
in central western California between the groups of which 
C. prostratus, C. rigidus and C. cuneatus may be taken as the 
types is much too intricate for an adequate unraveling or evalu- 
ation at this time. A serious suggestion for the possible phy- 
logeny of our group would indeed be premature, especially when 
the numerous related problems which abound in the subgenus 
through the Californian Coast Ranges come to mind ; but it occurs 
to me that our particular complex might have arisen as a result 
of an ancient intercross between a coastal representative of the 
C. rigidus group and a southwestern outlier of the C. prostratus 
group. By sucha hypothesis we can partly understand why some 
of our plants (C. sonomensis) are scarcely separable from 
C. rigidus, why others (C. confusus) look like C. prostratus, 
and why yet others (C. divergens) resemble C. purpureus or 
C. gloriosus. 

However these entities may eventually be received, I believe 
that this present segregation clarifies an intricate taxonomic 
problem and opens the way for further studies and observations. 
At this time it is a pleasant duty to gratefully acknowledge the 
valuable and generous help given to me by Mr. Milo S. Baker 
while my studies have been in progress. And without the 
generous cooperation of the Gray Herbarium in loaning to me 
the duplicate of the type collection deposited there, this treat- 
ment of C. divergens and the proposed segregates would not have 
been possible. 


166 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


NOTES ON CAREX—XV 
BY J. W. STACEY 


Carex danaensis Stacey, spec. nov. Laxe cespitosa, rhizomatibus 
patentibus gracilibus fuscis; culmis humilibus, 2—4 cm. altis, erectis vel 
curvatis, gracilibus, obtuse angulatis, foliis brevioribus, basi brunnescenti- 
bus fibrillosisque; foliis 4 ad 6 ad quemque culmum, aggregatis ad basem, 
pallide viridibus, 2.5 cm. longis, 0.75—1.5 mm. latis, basi planis, involutis 
supra; capitula globoso-ovoidea, 5—7 mm. longa, 5—6 mm. diametro, 
ebracteata, spicis paucis, androgynis, dense aggregatis, perigyniis paucis, 
ascendentibus vel patentibus, squamis late ovatis, obtusis, perigyniis brevi- 
oribus, fuscis, margine late hyalinis; perigyniis crassis, plano-convexis, 
ovoideis, 3.25 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, margine haud serrulatis, nitentibus, 
plures distinctos eminentes nervos utrinque ferentibus, basi rotundatis, non 
stipitatis, in rostrum lzve circa 1 mm. longum brunneo-castaneum attenu- 
atis; acheniis lenticularibus orbiculari-obovoideis, griseis, 1.5 mm. longis, 
1.25 mm. latis, truncatis, apiculatis, laxe inclusis; stigmatibus 2. 

Loosely cespitose, from creeping, slender, brownish rootstocks, the culms 
few together, low, 2—4 cm. high, erect or curved, slender, obtusely angled 
throughout, shorter than the leaves, brownish-tinged and fibrillose at the 
base, the old leaves somewhat conspicuous, the lower bladeless ; leaves 4—6 
to a culm, clustered near the base, thick, stiff, light green, 2—5 cm. long, 
0.75—1.5 mm. wide, flattened at base, involute above, the sheaths hyaline, 
truncate at mouth; head globose-ovoid, 5—7 mm. long, 5—6 mm. thick, 
bractless, the spikes few, androgynous, densely aggregated and scarcely 
distinguishable, the staminate flowers inconspicuous, the perigynia few, 
ascending or spreading; scales broadly ovate, obtuse, shorter than the peri- 
gynia, brown with wide hyaline margins and sharply defined light midvein; 
perigynia thick, plano-convex, ovoid, 3.25 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the 
margins not serrulate, shining, submembranaceous, somewhat inflated, with 
several distinct raised neryes on both sides, the upper part empty, dark 
brown at maturity, rounded at the base, not stipitate, tapering into a smooth 
beak one-third the length of the body, the beak dark chestnut-brown, 
minutely hyaline at the orifice; achenes lenticular, orbicular-obovoid, 
grayish, 1.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, truncately apiculate, loosely en- 
veloped ; style short, slender, jointed with the achene, deciduous ; stigmas 2, 
slender. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 259875, J. T. Howell 
No. 14546, collected August 11, 1938, on Mt. Dana, Tuolumne 
County, California, at 12,500 feet. 

This species is known only from Mt. Dana, after which it is 
named. Besides the type collection, it is represented by a frag- 
ment collected by Charles and Enid Michael on August 21, 1928. 
It belongs to the section Fatide and may be distinguished from 
the other species in North America by the following artificial 
key: 


FEBRUARY, 1939] NOTES ON CAREX 167 


Ripert) xeleay tee nm na he oe C. vernacula 
Leaf-blades 1.5 mm. wide, or less. 
Perigynia very membranaceous, little exceeding the scales at ma- 
turity; Head very wlobose+ C. perglobosa 
Perigynia membranaceous or submembranaceous, usually much 
exceeding the scales at maturity; head capitate, usually 
ovoid. 
Perigynia nerved on both sides. 

Perigynia with many slender, impressed nerves on both 
sides; pistillate scales lance-ovate, narrowly hyaline- 
margined, acuminate or acute.................. C. incurviformis 

Perigynia with several raised nerves on both sides; pistil- 
late scales broadly ovate, widely hyaline-margined, 
WUE TIEN ee Gets ere Ss Lt Aa eats ea C. danaensis 

Perigynia nerveless ventrally, obscurely striate dorsally ; pistil- 
late scales ovate-orbicular, silvery-hyaline-margined............ 

ALT a ORT NERS SSR AU: AAI Lhe LURE as ey Se to C. maritima 


The only other species besides C. danaensis that has been 
found in California is C. vernacula, from which it is abundantly 
different. The closest relative to C. danaensis seems to be C. in- 
curviformis, which is found only in the Rocky Mountains of 
Alberta and British Columbia. Carex danaensis is a very tiny 
plant, which may account for the fact that it has been collected 
only twice; yet it is somewhat strange, as many botanists have 
collected on Mt. Dana. 


Carex subnigricans Stacey, spec. nov. Laxe cespitosa, rhizomatibus 
patentibus lignescentibus, crassis, brunneo-nigrescentibus; culmis obtuse 
triangularibus, 0.5—2 dm. altis, fere foliis multum altioribus; foliis 4 ad 9 
ad quemque fertilem culmum, laminis 4—10 cm. longis, 0.25—1.25 mm. latis, 
canaliculatis et subteretibus ; spicis solitariis, androgynis, 8—12 mm. longis, 
3—5 mm. latis, floribus masculis conspicuis, squamis masculis oblongis 
ovatisve, subobtusis ad acutis, margine anguste hyalinis, squamis femineis 
similibus sed brunneis latioribus et margine latius albo-hyalinis; perigyniis 
conferte appressis, ut videtur neque deflexis nec a rhachide fractis, lanceo- 
latis vel ovoideo-lanceolatis, 3.5—4 mm. longis, 1—1.5 mm. latis; acheniis 
triangularibus, ovoideis vel obovoideis, 1.25 mm. longis, 0.75—1 mm. latis. 

Loosely cespitose, the rootstocks creeping, lignescent, stout, brownish- 
black, scaly, the culms obtusely triangular, smooth, 0.5—2 dm. high, stiff, 
striate, usually strongly exceeding the leaves, yellowish-brown at base and 
clothed with the dried-up leaves of the previous year, the lowest bladeless ; 
leaves 4—9 with well developed blades to the fertile culm, inserted near 
the base, the blades 4—10 cm. long, 0.25—1.25 mm. wide, canaliculate and 
nearly terete, roughened toward the attenuate apex, generally shorter than 
the culms, stiff, light green, the sheaths yellowish-tinged, truncate at apex, 
spike solitary, androgynous, erect, narrowly oblong, or oblong-ovoid, 8—12 
mm. long, 3—5 mm. wide, densely many-flowered, the staminate flowers 


168 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


conspicuous, the lower part pistillate; bracts none; staminate scales oblong 
or ovate, obtusish or acutish, reddish- or yellowish-brown with lighter mid- 
vein and narrow hyaline margins, in age straw-colored; pistillate scales 
similar, but dark brown and wider, with wider white-hyaline margins; 
perigynia 20—40, closely appressed, seemingly never deflexed or breaking 
away from the rachis, little inflated, lanceolate or ovoid-lanceolate, 3.5—4 
mm. long, 1—1.5 mm. wide, nerveless, glabrous, membranaceous, brownish, 
stipitate, rounded at base, tapering at apex into a smooth brown beak with 
hyaline orifice, obliquely cut at maturity; achenes triangular, ovoid or 
obovoid, 1.25 mm. long, 0.75—1 mm. wide, short-stipitate, apiculate, 
yellowish ; style slender, jointed with achene, straight, deciduous ; stigmas 3, 
slender, light brownish. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 259816, J. T. Howell 
No. 14519, collected August 11, 1938, on Mt. Dana, Tuolumne 
County, California, at 10,500 feet. 

The following specimens of C. subnigricans have also been 
seen.* CALIFORNIA: Chickenfoot Lake, Inyo Co., Peirson No. 
12208 (CAS, P); Heart Lake Meadow, Inyo Co., Peirson No. 
11400 (CAS, P) ; Ruby Falls, Inyo Co., Peirson, July 20, 1934, 
and No. 10828 (CAS, P) ; Crabtree Meadows, Tulare Co., /sabel 
McCracken, July 25, 1936 (CAS); Mt. Dana, Mono Co., 
C. W. Sharsmith No. 102 (CAS); Mt. Dana, Tuolumne 
Co., C. W. Sharsmith No. 2356 (CAS) ; Slate Creek, Mono Co., 
Keck No. 4657 and No. 4914 (CAS, CIW). Nevapa: Mt. 
Rose, J. T. Howell No. 14136 and No. 14154 (CAS); Slide 
Mt., Yates No. 6012 (VTM). 


This species belongs to the section Callistachys and may be 
differentiated from the other species in the section in North 
America by the following artificial key : 


Plants densely cespitose; staminate flowers few. 
Blades 0.25—1.5 mm. wide, strongly channeled; stigmas normally 3 
Oh kd MUR Eo 2d I en cet etn ob athe pepe hake ate eae C. pyrenaica 
Blades 1.25—2 mm. wide, flat above; stigmas always 2......C. micropoda 
Plants short-stoloniferous ; staminate flowers many, conspicuous ; stigmas 
normally 3. 
Blades: 1:5—-3:5 mix: wide; fate) 2.0) oe C. nigricans 
Blades 0.25—1.25 mm. wide, canaliculate and nearly terete.................. 
SU AC Vis rea ay amen treaee ree Ab eo) Sede tea eee, DLL amp C. subnigricans 


Superficially C. subnigricans resembles C. pyrenaica, but is 
stoloniferous instead of densely cespitose, and is probably more 


* The abbreviations used are: CAS, California Academy of Sciences ; 
CIW, Carnegie Institution of Washington Herbarium, Stanford University; 
P, private herbarium of Frank W. Peirson at Altadena, California; VTM, 
Vegetative Type Map Herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley. 


FEBRUARY, 1939] NOTES ON CAREX 169 


closely related to C. nigricans. The species ranges, as far as now 
known, from eastern Tulare County, through Inyo, Mono, and 
Tuolumne counties in California to Slide Mt. and Mt. Rose in 
Nevada, just over the California line. 

If we presume that C. pyrenaica is the oldest species of the 
four in the section Callistachys that are found in North America, 
a supposition which is borne out very strongly by its present wide 
distribution (namely, from Mackenzie to Utah and westward to 
Oregon and British Columbia in North America, and across 
Eurasia), the development of the other three species may be 
predicated as follows: Carex micropoda occupies the region of 
Alaska and what was formerly Yukon, now a part of British 
Columbia. Carex micropoda has kept the cespitose habit of 
C. pyrenaica, but because of ecological or other conditions the 
leaves became flattened and the stigmas became constantly two 
instead of usually three, and the perigynia and achenes differed 
to such an extent that another species was evolved. We may 
surmise that the next development was C. subnigricans which has 
kept the narrow leaves of C. pyrenaica, but has become less cespi- 
tose, and the spike has materially changed in that the staminate 
flowers are many and conspicuous instead of few. It may be 
presumed that C. subnigricans was formerly more widely dis- 
tributed than now, and that it is a relic, existing only in a 
restricted range in eastern California and western Nevada. The 
final development is to C. nigricans which has the widest range 
and is the most abundant species in North America, ranging 
from Alberta to Utah and California, and northwestward to 
the Aleutian Islands and the Commander Islands off the Siberian 
coast. Carex nigricans became still more stoloniferous, the leaves 
much flatter and wider, and although the spikes are like those of 
C. subnigricans in that the staminate flowers are many and con- 
spicuous, the perigynia now become early deflexed and break 
away from the rachis. There is another species of this section 
found only in New Zealand and southern Australia. This may 
have been cut off very early from C. pyrenaica in Asia. If these 
theoretical considerations are true, we may conclude that C. nigri- 
cans is the youngest species in the section and that its develop- 
ment has been of such a character that it has become predominant 
in numbers and in range in North America. 


170 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—VI 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


No. 52. TrIFOLIUM ALBOPURPUREUM T. & G. Douglas’ 
collection furnished the type of this species which in Fl. N. A. 
Suppl. 690 was given as a synonym of T. Macrae: H. & A. by 
Torrey and Gray, who followed Hooker and Arnott, Bot. Beechey 
330, in that disposition. A collection in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
from Poncho Rico Canyon, Monterey County, was noted as 
resembling the type collection. 


No. 50. TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pursh. 


No. 45. TRIFOLIUM TRIDENTATUM Lindl. T. involucratum 
T. & G. in Fl. N. A. and H. & A. in Bot. Beechey, non Willd. 


No. 48. TRIFOLIUM VARIEGATUM Nutt. The Douglas col- 
lection which was determined by this name is probably part of 
the collection which served Torrey and Gray as type for T. varie- 
gatum B and Hooker and Arnott as type for T. melananthum. 

No. 49. Trrrottum WormsxKyjo.tpi1 Lehm. In FI. N. A. 
and Bot. Beechey this species was treated under several names: 
T. fimbriatum Lindl., T. spinulosum Dougl., and T. heterodon 
T. & G. The Douglas collection which I examined was not cor- 
related with any of Douglas’ collections that are cited under 
these names, names which for many years were treated under 
T. involucratum Willd. non Lam. 

No. 71. Menrtzevia Linpteyi T.& G. Plants grown from 
Douglas’ seed served as type of Bartonia aurea Lindl., the name 
under which our plant was first published. It may well be that 
Douglas collected the seed at the same time he made the spect- 
men I examined because it carried mature fruits as well as 
flowers. 

No. 79. DatiscA GLOMERATA (Presl) Baillon. This col- 
lection was not cited in Bot. Beechey. 


No. 70 and No. 72. GopETIA PURPUREA (Curtis) Don. 


No. 68. CENOTHERA GRACILIFLORA H. & A. The type col- 
lection of this species which is in flower was well represented 
among the Douglas specimens from Leningrad. 


No. 67. ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNICA Presl. 


FEBRUARY, 1939| WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 171 


No. 64. APpIASTRUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nutt. Douglas’ col- 
lection was reported as A. latifolium Nutt. in T. & G., Fl. N. A. 
644, a name omitted from references to the species in Jepson, 
Fl. Calif. 2:618. As indicated by Coulter and Rose (N. A. 
Umbellif. 72), the Douglas plant reported by Hooker and Arnott 
as “Helosciadium leptophyllum. DC.—var.? latifolium” (Bot. 
Beechey 347) is probably this plant. 

No. 62. BowLesIA SEPTENTRIONALIS C. & R. Douglas’ 
plant was reported as B. lobata R. & P. in Bot. Beechey 347, 
the name by which it is still called by many. 

No. 63. Lomatrum pasycarpum (T. & G.) C. & R. 
Douglas’ collection is part of the type collection of this variable 
widespread Californian species. In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., it 
found its closest resemblance in a fruiting specimen from 
Almaden Ridge, Santa Clara County (Howell No. 1887). 


No. —. PrTeRoSPORA ANDROMEDEA Nutt. A fruiting speci- 
men of Pine Drops was one of the few of Douglas’ plants without 
a number on the label. Although it carried the “Nova California” 
label, we wonder if it belongs to Douglas’ Californian collection 
since the plant is not known to grow in those parts of California 
where we believe Douglas to have been. The plant is not reported 
among Douglas’ collections by Hooker and Arnott in Bot. 
Beechey. | 

No. 114. CenraurtumM MuHLENBERGII (Griseb.) Wight. 
The type collection, discussed with the following. 


No. 121. CENTAURIUM TRICANTHUM (Griseb.) Rob. The 
type collections of both Erythrea tricantha Griseb. and E. Muhl- 
enbergiit Griseb. emend. H. & A. were represented in the set of 
Douglas’ plants from Leningrad. At once it was apparent that 
two distinct species were represented because the plants were 
very different, but it was not until after the specimens were 
returned to Russia that the names to be applied were definitely 
assigned. Partly this was due to my misinterpretation of Grise- 
bach’s original descriptions of their habits, but more especially 
it was due to erroneous opinions which have been expressed in 
later descriptions of the plants. It was of interest to trace the 
development of these ideas from the time of Grisebach and to 
note how gradually they took form and became fixed. What I 
found may be presented chronologically. 


172 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


1839. Erythrea tricantha and E. Muhlenbergu’® were de- 
scribed by Grisebach (Gent. 146,—1839), the former being based 
on a single collection by Douglas from California, the latter being 
based on some material from the eastern United States (hence 
the name Muhlenbergiu) as well as Douglas’ collection from 
California. In the full diagnoses, the species are adequately indi- 
cated and are easily separable by characters of inflorescence and 
relative lengths of corolla-tube and calyx.*’ It is noteworthy 
that in the Conspectus Gentianearum of his work, Grisebach dis- 
tinguishes his species chiefly by the relative lengths of calyx and 
corolla-tube (J. c., 77), a character which has been entirely 
disregarded by others. 

1841. Hooker and Arnott first restrict the name E. Muhlen- 
bergu to Douglas’ Californian collection, remarking that the plant 
from the Atlantic coast “is perfectly distinct from this species” 
(Bot. Beechey, 363). 

1845. In DeCandolle’s Prodromus (9:60), Grisebach con- 
fuses a plant from Arkansas with E. tricantha, but otherwise the 
two species are treated as he did them in 1839. 


1876. Asa Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:479, 480, describes the shape 
of the anthers of the two plants: “linear” for E. tricantha (p. 479) 
and, in the key (p. 480), “oblong” for E. Muhlenbergu. In the 
specimens which I studied, there did not seem to be sufficient 
difference in the anthers to account for the diagnostic value whick 
has been attributed to them since the time of Gray: in E. Muhlen- 
bergii the anthers were 1 mm. long and nearly 0.5 mm. wide, and 
in E. tricantha the anthers were about 1.3 mm. long and a little 
over 0.5 mm. wide. In my notes on the anthers, I considered 
the shape to be “oblong” in both instances. In the key, Gray uses 
the relative lengths of corolla-lobes and corolla-tube to advantage 
for the first time *® and describes the inflorescences correctly. 
And most important, he definitely removes from the concepts 


16 Spelled Muehlenbergti by Grisebach, but corrected to Muhlenbergii by 
Hooker and Arnott, Bot. Beechey 363. 


17 EB. tricantha . . . cymis aggregatis, semel—ter dichotomis, floribus 
foliis floralibus suffultis, alari subsessili, corolle tubo sub anthesi calycem 
fere duplo superante, posthac subzquante, lobis linearibus acuminatissimis. 

E. Muhlenbergii . . . cymis laxis, semel—ter dichotomis, floribus later- 
alibus a foliis summis remotiusculis, alari pedicellato, corolle tubo sub 
anthesi calycem paullum excedente, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, acutiusculis. 

18 In the Douglas specimen of ZH. Muhlenbergii the corolla was 1.5 cm. 
long and the lobes were 4 mm. long. In the Douglas specimen of E. tricantha 
the corolla was 1.5—2 cm. long, the lobes 5—8 mm. long. 


FEBRUARY, 1939| WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 173 


of both species the eastern North American material referred to 
them by Grisebach. 

1878. In the Syn. FI. 2, pt. 1 (pp. 112, 113), Gray uses the 
anther-shape as a key-character. In describing the inflorescence 
of E. Muhlenberg, he introduces a confusion which was con- 
trary to Grisebach’s original description and which has persisted 
to the present day: “pedicels short or hardly any in the forks; 
the lateral often as long as the flower but 2-bracteolate at the 
summit. . . .” Plainly Gray has confused the two species with 
which we are dealing and has nearly or quite described for 
E. Muhlenbergu the inflorescence of E. tricantha (which further 
along he describes briefly as “flowers . . . in the forks all sessile 
or nearly so’’). 


1925. In Man. FI. Pl. Calif. (pp. 761, 762), Jepson treats 
our two plants under the generic name Centaurium to which they 
had been transferred earlier by other botanists. In the key, the 
relative lengths of lobe and tube in the corolla are reduced to 
definite proportions which nearly agree with those deducible from 
the original specimens and these fractions are correlated with 
the shapes of the anthers. In the matter concerning the inflo- 
rescences, the confusion introduced by Gray results in descrip- 
tions which are practically the same for the two species: for 
Centaurium Muhlenbergu (Griseb.) Wight, “flowers sessile or 
nearly so in the forks, the lateral ones shortly pedicelled or sub- 
sessile . . .” and for C. tricanthum (Griseb.) Rob., “flowers 
sessile in the forks and sessile along the branches or shortly 
pedicelled . . .” 

To make certain that the specimens we examined corresponded 
with the actual types, an inquiry concerning the Douglas speci- 
mens in Herbarium Hookerianum at Kew was addressed to Dr. 
T. A. Sprague. He referred the matter to Mr. J. S. L. Gilmour, 
Assistant Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, who is making 
a special study of the genus and from him the following report 
was received: “there is no doubt that E. tricantha has the central 
flower subsessile and the corolla-tube twice as long as the calyx, 
while E.Muhlenbergu has the central flower pedicellate and the 
calyx equal to the corolla-tube.” An inquiry was also addressed 
to Dr. B. P. G. Hochreutiner concerning the specimens in Herb. 
DeCandolle. and in response I was allowed to examine frag- 


174 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 9 


ments of the old material from the eastern United States as well 
as fragments of the Douglas collections. It is interesting to note 
that in the fragment of E. tricantha examined from Geneva, the 
corolla-tube is not twice as long as the calyx but only a little 
longer. Material similar to this may have been examined by Gray 
and may account for his seeming neglect and omission of this 
character which was so very evident in the specimens I examined. 
In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Douglas’ specimen of E. Muhlen- 
bergu found an excellent match in a collection by Miss Eastwood 
(No. 77) from Cypress Point, Monterey; and his collection of 
E. tricantha found a close correspondence in flowers and inflo- 
rescence (if not in the too robust habit) in a collection from 
near Calistoga, Napa County, Phelps in 1932. Photographs of 
Douglas’ specimens in Leningrad are in the Academy herbarium. 
In brief: the examination of the Douglas specimens showed 
that Grisebach’s descriptions of the inflorescences are to be 
followed, that the relative lengths of calices and corolla-tubes 
generally hold good, that the relative lengths of corolla-lobes and 
corolla-tubes are apparently reliable, but that the shapes of the 
anthers are not sufficiently different to offer a satisfactory cri- 
terion for separation. These are the results from a careful study 
of only the original specimens, and what difficulties may be 
encountered when many specimens are examined, I am not pre- 
pared to say ; but at least it has seemed worthwhile to call attention 
to the wide discrepancy that has gradually developed. between 
the original plants and the more recent descriptions of them. 


A Grounp Cover. On coastal slopes of central California 
not far distant from the ocean, Dichondra occidentalis House 
frequently forms a natural ground cover, but before this we have 
not heard of its use as a cultivated ground cover. Mr. Max J. 
Leonard, Agricultural Commissioner of San Mateo County, has 
written us about this use. 

“This plant is being used as a ground cover, or rather, a lawn 
substitute at a private home in Burlingame. It seems to make a 
very satisfactory ground cover, in my estimation much superior 
to Lippia. When kept cut with the lawn mower, this plant grows 
very close to the ground, and the leaves are small such as you 
will see in some of the specimens I am forwarding to you.”— 
John Thomas Howell. 


FEBRUARY, 1939] A NEW PHLOX FROM OREGON 175 


A NEW PHLOX FROM OREGON 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Phlox cyanea Eastwood, spec. nov. Humilis czespitosa suffrutescens, 
circa 1 dm. alta; caulibus ascendentibus, parce arachnoideis, dense foliosis, 
internodiis foliis brevioribus; foliis intricato-congestis, acerosis, 5—8 mm. 
longis, 1—2-sulcatis, basi amplexicaulibus; floribus sessilibus, solitariis ; 
calyce 8 mm. longo, dense archnoideo, tubo membranaceo intra nervos, 
segmentis subulatis aristatis, tubo zquilongis; corolla cyanea, hypocrater- 
formi, lamina 11 mm. diametro, lobis rotundatis, circa 4 mm. latis, tubo 
8 mm. longo; staminibus insertis inzequaliter in parte superiore tubi; 
antheris 2 mm. longis, superantibus filamenta, superioribus in fauce corollz; 
stylo calyce breviore, ramis circa 1 mm. longis; ovario ellipsoideo, 
aurantiaco. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 128642, collected near 
Waldo, Josephine County, Oregon, April 15, 1925, by Mary E. 
White. 

This Phlox resembles the Leptodactylon section of Gulia. 
The acerose, aristate leaves are congested with fascicled ones in 
the axils. The bright sapphire-blue flowers terminate the stems 
and the tube of the corolla somewhat surpasses the calyx. The 
young leaves and stems have an arachnoid pubescence that dis- 
appears with age from the older stems and leaves. The arachnoid 
pubescence of the calyx is so dense as to almost conceal the nerves. 
The plant forms mats, the stems arising from a woody rootstock ; 
the older stems are quite woody though slender. 

Phlox cyanea does not seem to be among those treated by 
Dr. E. T. Wherry in his recent paper on “The Phloxes of Oregon” 
in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 90: 133—140. 


VANCOUVERIA. A full and excellent systematic consider- 
ation of two genera in the Barberry Family has recently been 
presented by William Thomas Stearn, “Epimedium and Van- 
couveria (Berberidaceae), a Monograph” (Journ. Linn. Soc.— 
Bot., 51:409—535, text maps 1—6, text figures 1—20, plates 
24—31; Nov. 28, 1938). In western America we are more inter- 
ested in what he writes of V ancouveria with its three species than 
of the larger widespread gerontogeous Epimedium. In both, 
horticultural considerations are given as well as the usual taxo- 
nomic appraisal. 

First of interest in Vancouveria is the recognition of an 
older name for the species we have long known as |’. parviflora 


176 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 9 


Greene (Pitt. 2: 100,—1890), V’. planipetala Calloni (Malpighia 
1 :263-72,—1887). In a recent communication from him, Mr. 
Stearn gives the following brief biographical sketch of the author 
of this species. “Silvio Calloni was a Swiss botanist, born near 
Lugano in 1851, who studied at Geneva and worked for some 
years in the DeCandolle herbarium there, then at Pavia and 
Palermo, before returning to Lugano where he was for thirty 
or so years professor at the Lycée; he died at Lugano in 1931.” 


Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Mor. & Dec. and V. chrys- 
antha Greene are the other two species recognized. The former 
is common from northern California to Washington; but the 
latter is confined almost locally to that remarkable region of 
endemics, the Siskiyou area of northwestern California and south- 
western Oregon. Stearn cites Oregon specimens of V. chrys- 
antha, but for California reports “no specimens seen,” although 
he quotes an account of Mrs. Lester Rowntree on the occur- 
rence of the species in California. In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
is a specimen of V. chrysantha from California, collected by 
Mrs. Rowntree on the old road near Patrick’s Creek, Del Norte 
County (Rowntree in 1935). Miss Eastwood tells of two col- 
lections she made in Del Norte County at Gasquet and on the 
boundary mountain near Monumental. Miss Eastwood’s col- 
lections were lost in the San Francisco fire in 1906. 


Because of the work I have done recently on the Voznesenski 
collection of Californian plants (Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 17-20), 
I was interested to note that, according to Stearn (p. 452), a 
Russian worker, Komarov, in 1908 reported a Voznesenski 
specimen from California as Epimedium chrysanthum (Greene) 
Komarov. Stearn did not see the collection in question and does 
not infer that the specific name was misapplied; but to me it 
seems very unlikely that Komarov’s identification is correct. 
There was no specimen of Vancouveria among the Voznesenski 
plants which I examined. On the coast of California just to the 
north of San Francisco where Voznesenski is known to have 
collected, V. planipetala is not uncommon and a collection of that 
species is perhaps what Komarovy examined. It is not known or 
suspected that the Russian explorers during their sojourn in 
California even approached the Siskiyou area where the rare 
golden-flowered Vancouveria grows.—John Thomas Howell. 


Vot. II No. 10 4 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Motabla Western Plants—[.) 2s yee oy 
C. Leo HitcHcock 

Perennial Lupines of the PacificStatse—II . . . . 180 
A.ice Eastwoop 

Plants Worthy of Note—IV . . . . . . . = 183 
JouHn THomas Howe. 

Mmemectcaltornian Plants: 360)" sires ce) levi obleg peal ST RR 


ALice EAastwoop 


A Collection of Douglas’ Western American Plants—VII . 189 
Joun THomas Howe. 


SAN Francisco, CALIFORNIA 
Apri 26, 1939 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. 


POS UUAU OULD UU UU he 


PAU a 


Owned and published by 


Auicre Eastwoop and JoHN THomaAs HowELi 


APRIL, 1939] NOTABLE WESTERN PLANTS 177 


NOTABLE WESTERN PLANTS—I 
BY C, LEO HITCHCOCK 
University of Washington, Seattle 


It was my pleasure to spend most of the summer of 1938 
conducting a class of students and collecting through the Rocky 
Mountains. Although I was primarily interested in studying the 
genus Draba in the field, several rather interesting plants, aside 
from Draba, were seen and studied. A brief stop was made in 
the Lost River Mountains of Idaho, where I was surprised to 
find Kelseya uniflora (Wats.) Rydb., although I have since 
learned that Macbride and Payson collected it there and others 
have since taken it there also. This rather rare member of the 
Rosacee was found growing on almost pure limestone about 
7 miles north of Dickey, Custer County, at an elevation of about 
8500 feet, where it formed very compact cushions from a few 
inches to nearly two feet in diameter. The plants were in full 
flower and made a most striking sight on the otherwise barren 
rock walls because of their beautiful silvery-green foliage and 
bright pink flowers. Upon drying, however, the petals have faded 
to a pale brownish-pinkish-white. 

Upon careful study of the material this fall, I found so much 
discrepancy between the plants I collected in Idaho and those 
described from Montana that I asked for the loan of the material 
of the genus in the Gray Herbarium, which was very kindly 
loaned me by Mr. C. A. Weatherby. Unfortunately, none of the 
three collections from Montana has flowers whose original color 
can be recognized. I suspect, however, that they were not really 
white when fresh, as stated by Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. 
25:130,—1890) and by Rydberg (Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
1: 207,—1900), but that they, too, were pink and faded to their 
present confusing dirty-white upon drying. In view of the fact 
that most of the flowers I have studied from my collection have 
less than 5 (3, 4, or 5) pistils and fewer than 10 (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 
or 10) stamens, I believe that it is advisable to emend the generic 
description to include these plants from Idaho. 


Kersetya (Wats.) Rydb. char. emend. Cespitose and pulvinate per- 
ennials with short woody branches. Leaves entire, exstipulate. Flowers 
terminal, single, perfect. Floral-tube very short. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 177-192, April 26, 1939. 


BOTAN! 
QAR 


178 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


4 or 5, white (?) or pink. Stamens 4 to 10, inserted at the summit of the 
floral-tube; filaments longer than the petals. Pistils 3, 4, or 5; styles 
terminal. Ovules 3 to 7, pendulous. ‘‘Follicles” leathery, opening by two 
sutures. 


All floras that include Kelseya uniflora describe it as having 
white flowers, and I understand that at least one English garden 
catalog mentions the flower as white. If it really is proven that 
the plants from Gates of the Mountain, north of Helena, the 
type locality for the species, have white flowers, then these plants 
from Idaho are surely worthy of nomenclatural status, as their 
flowers are about the color of those of Silene acaulis L. 

It is to be hoped that this plant can be successfully grown 
under cultivation, as it would surely be one of the most attractive 
of rock garden plants; but it is more to be hoped that growers 
will confine their attempts to grow the plant to trial with seed. 
It cannot be considered other than sacrilege to tear these plants 
(that have probably been living for hundreds of years) out of 
their rocky habitat for transplantation, as most, if not all, are 
sure to die sooner or later, because it would take wholesale blast- 
ing to tear out enough rock to obtain the plants with anything 
like a sufficient quantity of roots. On this peak, also, Lesquerella 
diversifolia Greene was found. 

An abundant stand of Lepidium montanum Nutt. var. spathu- 
latum (Robinson) C. L. Hitche. was found in a sagebrush flat 
25 miles north of Meeker, on the Meeker-Maybell road, Moffatt 
County, Colorado. All the plants were very much alike in charac- 
ter, the thick fleshy leaves being entire except for a few crenu- 
lations near the apex. 

Three days spent in the vicinity of Loveland Pass, Summit 
County, Colorado, were profitable ones as I was able to see five 
rare Drabas that have rarely been collected, namely, D. Patter- 
sonu Schulz, D. crassa Rydb., D. chrysantha Wats., and two 
yellow-flowered species that are as yet undescribed. It was chiefly 
these last-mentioned plants, which are unnamed in the few col- 
lections extant in herbaria, that I wished to collect. One wonders 
how many species of this genus are still to be collected on the 
high peaks of Colorado when it is realized that not more than 
five or six collections of any of these species, which are not at 
all uncommon in the region we visited, have ever been made 
before, and those collections were mostly made in the nineteenth 


APRIL, 1939] NOTABLE WESTERN PLANTS 179 


century. Although the species we collected, with the exception of 
D. Pattersonii, are all yellow-flowered, they are not particularly 
closely related and can be very easily recognized from one another 
by their habit alone. They are, however, restricted to the highest 
slopes, are remarkably constant in character, and probably repre- 
sent isolated relict species. 

The following species, collected in New Mexico, are not 
recorded for that state by Wooton and Standley, although I 
imagine that they have been reported by others. Dyschoriste 
decumbens (Gray) O. Ktze. was collected near Lincoln and near 
Carlsbad Caverns (reported only from Valley of the Rio Grande 
by Kobuski in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 : 39,—1928) ; Nothoscor- 
dum bivalve (L.) Britt. was found in an open flat about 20 miles 
southwest of Carlsbad Caverns. 

A few days were spent in the Mogollon Mountains of New 
Mexico where many of the plants peculiar to that range were 
collected, among them being Hackelia ursina (Greene) Jtn., 
Ipomea muricata Cav., Cologania longifolia Gray, [ono-xalis 
Grayi Rose, Ionoxalis Metcalfei Small, Pedicularis angustissima 
Greene, Zygadenus porrifolius Greene, and Potentilla atrorubens 
Rydb. 

A nice series of Lepidium montanum Nutt. var. glabrum 
C. L. Hitche. was collected at Moran Point, South Rim of the 
Grand Canyon. This variety is restricted to the Grand Canyon 
itself. Another interesting find in the Crucifere was Draba 
montana Wats., collected on a dry, rodent-infested knoll in a 
small meadow about 10 miles north of V. T. Ranch, Kaibab 
Forest, Coconino County, Arizona. This distinct yellow-flowered 
annual has, so far as I am able to ascertain, never been collected 
before in Arizona. I have, in the material I have borrowed for 
study of this genus, many collections from Colorado (chiefly 
from San Miguel and Mineral counties) and one collection from 
Scofield, Carbon County, Utah (therefore the interrogation point 
which Tidestrom used in his Flora after his citation of the plant 
from Utah may be disregarded), but the finding of the species 
in the Kaibab Forest extends its hitherto known range several 
hundred miles. 

Reverchonia arenaria Gray was collected in perfect condition 


180 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


of flower and fruit on dunes 6 miles north of Kanab, Utah. The 
plant was very abundant and evidently is not a recent introduction — 
there. I know of no other report of the occurrence of this plant 
from west of New Mexico. 


PERENNIAL LUPINES OF THE 
PACIFIC STATES—II 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


This is a continuation of my account of the group of tall 
lupines with hollow stems growing in wet meadows, terminated 
by long racemes of purplish or reddish flowers, and with lower 
leaves, especially the basal, on very long petioles (Leafl. West. 
Bot. 2:146—156). It includes those with ciliate keel. The 
descriptions of L. longipes Greene, L. ligulatus Greene and 
L. pratensis Heller are the original descriptions. I have seen no 
authentic types of these. 


Key CONTINUED FROM Pace 147 


LO: “Reeelcibiatene ie 8 yee aS ee og i RBs Oe ee 11 
ils. (Blowers:1*5 em long ic: o ek Se ee en 12 
1Blowers*t\cm: long or lessch. ooo ee 13 
12. Leaflets glabrous, margin ciliate; keel slightly ciliate in the middle 
aA Ys DAN AN IEP rere CRUE Ee ny Sire eae POA ORY ET CNS Nee L. longipes Greene 
12. Leaflets glabrous above, finely and sparingly appressed-silky-pubes- 
cent below ; keel ciliate from middle to base.......... L. Parishii Eastw. 
13. Leaflets finely appressed-pubescent on both sides; raceme densely 
flowered ; stipules short.................220.20...sescceseeeeeeeee L. pratensis Heller 
13. Leaflets glabrous above; raceme loosely flowered or verticillate ; 
Stipttbes HOM lve MANY oe oes cio. hws senesescacabaea seasecace L. ligulatus Greene 


LuPINUs LONGIPES Greene, FI. Fran. 41 (1891). 


Stems more or less clustered, erect, stoutish, not at all succulent, 
sparingly branched above, 2—4 ft. high, striate, glabrous or loosely hairy: 
leaves mostly basal, on petioles 12—18 in. long; stipules setaceous-subulate; . 
leaflets 7—11, broadly lanceolate, acute, setaceously mucronulate, 2—4 in. 
long, glabrous, the margin often more or less ciliate: raceme peduncled, 
elongated, not dense: fl. much as in the last,* but keel slightly ciliate in the 
middle: pod 1 in. long or more, densely hirsute, about 7-seeded: seed com- 
pressed, oval, brown with a dark diagonal line—Along streams at middle 
or higher elevations in the Sierra, northward to Oregon. Very distinct ; 
and neither of the old names, L. macrophyllus or grandifolius, seems to 
belong to it. June—Aug. 


* Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. 


APRIL, 1939] PERENNIAL LUPINES OF PACIFIC STATES 181 


Lupinus Parishii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis robustus, fistulosus, 
circa 1 m. altus, supra ramosus, tenuiter pubescens ; foliolis 7—10, oblanceo- 
latis, apiculatis, 7 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, supra glabris, infra adpresso- 
sericeis, petiolis sericeis, longioribus foliolis, stipulis subulatis, attenuatis, 
prope disjunctis ; racemis longissimis, pedunculis folia superantibus ; floribus 
violaceis, 15 mm. longis; calyce basi saccato, dense sericeo, labio inferiore 
ovato-lanceolato, obtuso, 5 mm. longo, labio superiore ovato, 4 mm. longo, 
tridentato; vexillo reflexo, glabro, breviore alis; alis 8 mm. latis, 12 mm. 
longis ; carina 5 mm. lata, inter medium et basin longe ciliata. 

Type: No. 233087, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by 
Louis C. Wheeler, No. 662, April 29, 1932, in a sandy wash, 
2 miles northeast of La Verne, Los Angeles County, California, 
alt. 1225 ft. 


This may be the same as L. latifolius var. Parishi C. P. Smith 
which is inadequately described in Jepson’s Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 
530 (1925) ; and while it may be related to L. latifolius Agardh, 
it certainly does not resemble any specimens of that species except 
perhaps in the ciliate keel. The leaves in Wheeler’s specimen are 
pallid on both sides, but other specimens from San Bernardino 
and Los Angeles counties are greener. It is a very handsome 
plant with the habit of the L. polyphyllus group. 


The same species is also widely spread in the Sierra Nevada 
and I believe is included in Greene’s L. longipes. I have not seen 
Greene’s type, but none of the Sierra Nevada specimens in Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. can be found in this group with glabrous leaflets 
and keel ciliate only in the middle. However, a specimen in both 
flower and ripe fruit, collected by the author, July 30, 1893, at 
Pine City, Mariposa Co., Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62876, has 
seeds compressed, oval, brown, with a dark diagonal line as the 
seeds of L. longipes are described ; but in this specimen the lower 
surface of the leaflets is clothed with fine, sparse, short silky hairs 
and the keel of the corolla is long-ciliate from the middle to the 
base. The plant resembles L. Parishu and I have so named it. 
Greene gives no definite locality for his species, but he relates it 
to L. grandifolius and L. macrophyllus. The Sierra Nevada 
lupines that resemble these in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. all seem 
to be L. Parishit. 


LUPINUS PRATENIS Heller, Muhl. 2: 210 (1906). 


Herbaceous perennial, many plants growing together in clumps: stems 
7 or 8 dm. high, hollow, 7 or 8 mm. in diameter, not brittle, light green, 


182 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


pubescent with short appressed hairs, rather leafy: leaflets about 6, dull 
green, oblong-lanceolate, 5—7 cm. long, rarely 1 cm. wide, acute and with 
a short mucro, pubescent on both sides with scattered fine appressed hairs ; 
petioles of lower leaves about 1 dm. long, the upper ones reduced: stipules 
narrowly lanceolate and acuminate, 5 or 6 mm. long, appressed pubescent : 
flowers dense in spikes 1 dm. long: bracts persistent, 7 mm. long, the ovate 
base 4 mm. wide, tapering to the acuminate apex: pedicels short, about 
3 mm. long, densely villous: calyx densely short villous, 7 mm. long, the 
lobes ovate, 4 mm. wide at base, sub-acute, the lower entire, the upper 
2-toothed, the teeth 1 mm. long with no sinus between: corollas a little 
over 1 cm. long, 8 or 9 mm. deep, a space of 6 mm. between the apices of 
banner and wings, the banner about 2 mm. shorter than the wings, tawny 
from the beginning, the face narrow, 2 mm. wide, the edges turned back 
and meeting, somewhat inrolled, not flaring at base; wings long boat- 
shaped, pale violet purple lined with dark veins, 6 mm. deep, the edges 
meeting except under the lower calyx lobe, raised into a sharp ridge, the 
inner face next the banner 4 mm. across, with a groove on either side of 
the ridge; keel heavily bearded in the upper two-thirds, broad, 3 mm. wide 
at base, 4 mm. deep for the greater part of its length, the purple apex acute. 


The type is no. 8364, collected May 31, 1906, in the Sierra foothills 
west of Bishop, Inyo county, California, in ‘““McGee’s meadows” in wet 
sandy soil on the edge of a small stream. It is plentiful there, and also 
occurs along Bishop creek near Bishop. Like L. polyphyllus in habit, but 
not resembling it or any other species known to me. 


LUPINUS LIGULATUS Greene, Pitt. 1: 215 (1888). 


Perennial, the stems clustered, simple, erect, stout and somewhat fistu- 
lous, 2 to 4 feet high, glabrous and a little glaucous; other parts of the 
plant, except the upper surface of the leaves, more or less hirsute-pubescent : 
stipules an inch long, adnate for something less than half their length, the 
elongated linear acuminate free parts strongly villous-hirsute; petioles 
3 to 5 inches long; leaflets about 9, oblanceolate, acute, an inch or two 
long : raceme short-peduncled, 6 to 10 inches long ; the bracts villous-ciliate ; 
flowers rather distinctly verticillate, nearly % inch long; keel falcate, 
densely ciliate in the middle: ovary very villous. 


Crooked Creek, in the southeastern part of Oregon, July, 1886, Mrs. 
R. M. Austin. Species near L. rivularis, but distinguishable at a glance 
by the stout hollow stems, and especially by the remarkably conspicuous 
liguliform stipules, of which the lowest are an inch and a half long; all 
very hairy. The color of the flowers, which are faded in the specimens, is 
probably blue. 


A UA Rf 


Lupinus bernardinus Abrams, spec. nov. L. superbus var. bernardinus 
Abrams ex C. P. Smith in Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 528 (1925). Caulis 
robustus, fistulosus, glaber, costatus, circa 6 dm. altus; stipulis glabris, 
pauci-ciliatis, adherentibus 14, infimis 2—5 mm. longis; petiolis glabris, 
longioribus foliolis ; foliolis circa 8, oblanceolatis, 6—8 cm. longis, 1—2 cm. 


APRIL, 1939 | PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 183 


latis, glabris, supra viridibus, infra glaucis, apice acutis; pedunculis et 
racemis longissimis; floribus diffusis, circa 9—10 mm. longis, pedicellis 
glabris, gracilibus, 3 mm. longis; bracteis deciduis, lanceolatis, pauci- et 
longo-ciliatis, circa zequalibus alabastris ; calycis superiore lobo 2 mm. lato, 
3 mm. longo, apice 2-crenato; lobo inferiore 4 mm. longo, apice truncato 
et tridentato, divaricate pilosa, sinu bracteolato, basi saccato et prope 
glabro; vexillo reflexo, glabro, circa 8 mm. lato, alis 5 mm. latis; carina 
4 mm. lata, margine minute papillosa, apice exserta. 


Type: No. 60854, Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, 
collected by LeRoy Abrams and E. A. McGregor, No. 733, July, 
1908, at Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mts. at 6000 ft. elevation. 
The label reads L. bernardinus Abrams and it was inadequately 
described by C. P. Smith as L. superbus var. bernardinus. Com- 
pared with the type of L. superbus Heller which is in Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci., the differences are striking. The leaves of L. superbus 
are pale on both sides, leaflets acuminate at apex, ciliate on the 
margins and with scattered hairs on the lower surface. The 
flowers are larger, calyx and pedicels appressed-silky-pubescent, 
calyx-lobes entire. In the key, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 147, L. ber- 
nardinus should be between L. procerus and L. Burket. 


Reacemes dense; stems always Simple: i..<.2.c-ccscc. =<. cesccscceeencsetecscasebcetese L. Burkei 
Racemes diffuse or verticillate. : 
Leaves sparingly pubescent on both sides...-......................---- L. procerus 
eaves: elabrous on) both sideSia:-.2 20-2 e ee L. bernardinus 


I am indebted to Dr. Abrams for the privilege of studying his 
type and gratefully acknowledge his courtesy. 


PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE—IV 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


SepUM HECKNERI IN CALIFORNIA. On June 26, 1937, as 
we were traveling westward from Etna to Eureka in the Salmon 
River Canyon, Miss Eastwood and I collected a pink-flowered 
succulent (No. 5056) from a rocky talus not far from Forks 
of Salmon in Siskiyou Co., California. No species had been 
described corresponding to this distinctive plant so Miss East- 
wood named it as a Gormania and prepared a description for 
publication. The matter reached galley-proof for Vol. 2, No. 3 
of this journal when Prof. M. E. Peck’s published description of 
Sedum Hecknert (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 50:121, August 7, 


184 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


1937) came to Miss Eastwood’s attention. Certainly Prof. Peck’s 
species, which was described from plants from the Middle Fork 
of the Applegate River in southern Oregon, was the same as the 
species projected for the Salmon River Canyon in northern Cali- 
fornia, since each was distinguished by the rose or pink flowers 
and the peculiar cauline leaves. Miss Eastwood’s notes, taken 
from living plants, follow. 

“This grew in pale grey mats on the rocky bank from rather 
slender rootstocks. The basal leaves formed rosettes. They are 
spatulate, thick, and truncate at the apex; flowering stems 1 or 2 
dm. high, clothed with somewhat scattered round leaves about 
1 cm. in diameter and clasping the stem. The pale pink flowers 
are in a cymose panicle terminating the stem. The petals are 
about half connivent and the stamens attached to the connivent 
tube. The anthers are yellow, margined with black. The ovaries 
are as long as the sepals with the spreading styles surpassing 
them.” 


VEL#A GLAUCA IN CALIFORNIA. By whatever route one 
travels to Grants Pass, Oregon, from Crescent City, California, 
country fascinating to the botanist is traversed. Even on the 
scenic new highway which traverses the Smith River Canyon 
and enters Oregon north of Hazelview Summit, one may glimpse 
from a speeding automobile many inviting spots where interest- 
ing plants grow; but for real enjoyment of the wonderful country 
and its plant inhabitants, there is nothing like the old stage road 
which climbs up the south side of Oregon Mt. into Oregon north 
of Monumental. 

In 1936, as Miss Eastwood and I botanized slowly along this 
road, we found two interesting members of the Umbellifere 
which we would never have distinguished had we been hurrying 
along the main highway. In habit and foliage these plants were 
remarkably alike but the fruits showed them to be unrelated. 
The more common of the two was Lomatium Howellu (Wats.) 
Jepson, a species of southern Oregon which was first reported 
for California by Dr. Doris Kildale Gillespie from Siskiyou Co. 
(Madrono 2:36,—1931) and more recently by Dr. Mildred 
Mathias from Del Norte Co. (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25:238— 
1938). The other plant which so closely simulated this Lomatium 
was Velea glauca C. & R.; and, so far as I have been able to 


APRIL, 1939] PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 185 


learn, it has not been reported for California before this. The 
specimen we collected (Eastwood & Howell No. 3672) compares 
favorably with one in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collected by Joseph 
Howell at Woodville, Oregon, in 1888 and cited by Coulter and 
Rose in the original publication (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 
3:321). Velea glauca is like ’. Kelloggii (Gray) C. & R. but 
can be readily distinguished by the subsessile fruits which in 
V. Kellogg are borne on pedicels at least as long as the fruits. 
A section of the fruit of our plant from Del Norte Co. showed 
that oil-tubes are two or generally three in the intervals. 


About a year later, on another road away from speedy high- 
ways, Miss Eastwood and I collected a variant of ’. glauca, this 
time in Trinity Co., California, between Minersville and Trinity 
Center. It was in June, 1937, when we collected specimens with 
flowers and young fruits, and, in the following July, at the same 
place, I collected mature fruits. In certain characters, the Trinity 
Co. plant differs from the one originally described from Oregon. 
This one has flowers light purplish instead of yellow and the ribs 
(especially the lateral ones) are more prominent on the somewhat 
larger fruit. Because of these differences, the plant from Trinity 
Co. is here called Velza glauca var. purpurascens.* 


NEMACLADUS RIGIDUS IN CALIFoRNIA. In June, 1934, as we 
were traveling from Reno to Susanville, just after we had 
entered California south of Omira, Lassen Co., we stopped to 
explore some steep sandy slopes which looked promising. Among 
several interesting plants found there, one probably represents 
a new record for California, that of typical Nemacladus rigidus 
Curran (Howell No. 11845). The occurrence of this plant in 
California was to be expected, since, according to Dr. Munz, it 
is distributed from “eastern Oregon to central western Nevada” 
(Am. Jour. Bot. 11: 242,—1924) ; and certainly our collection, 
although definitely from California, came from the extreme 
eastern part very near the Nevada line. The original description 
of the species (Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:154) describes the 


* Velza glauca C. & R. var. purpurascens J. T. Howell, var. nov. Foliolis 
argute prominenter incisis; floribus purpurascentibus; fructu oblongo, ad 
4 mm. longo, jugis filiformibus, lateralibus crassioribus, vittis plerumque 
3 in intervallis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 255378, collected about 7 miles from 
Trinity Center on road to Minersville, Trinity Co., California, June 25, 1937, 
Eastwood & Howell No. 4914; and in ripe fruit, July 30, 1937, J. T. Howell 
No. 18697A (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 255381). 


186 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


stems as “prostrate,” and, although the type (Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci.) consists of plants with a more open spreading habit than 
that shown by the suberect plants from Omira, it is evident that 
even in the type the stems did not grow flat along the ground. 
From the several varieties of N. rigidus that have been recog- 
nized in California, the species is readily distinguished by the 
more robust and compact habit and by the accrescent calyx which 
adheres to the much-enlarged fruit. 


NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Iris Lansdaleana Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules floriferi circa 3 dm. 
alti, foliosi et rubescentes basi; foliis radicalibus linearibus, attenuatis, 
viridibus, laxis, 5 mm. latis, caules superantibus, foliis caulinis 2 vel 3, 
omnino amplexicaulibus preter breviter acuminatum apicem, rubescentibus 
vel viridibus ; spathis lato-ovatis, attenuatis rubro-marginatis et spe rubro- 
tinctis; floribus malvinis, segmentis exterioribus perianthii spathulatis, 
obtusis, laminis nonnihil undulatis, malvinis et albo-marginatis, infra albo- 
et malvino-venosis, in medio flavis, 5 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, segmentis interi- 
oribus oblanceolatis, obtusis, undulatis, circa 5 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis; 
stigmatis cristis eroso-serratis, 1.5 cm. longis, squamis erosis retusis vel 
obtusis ; antheris albis, malvino-marginatis ; tuba peranthii paulum exserta, 
circa 4 cm. longa; ovario stipitato, 3-angulato. 


Flowering stems about 3 dm. high, arising from slender rootstocks and 
growing more or less in clumps, leafy and red at base; radical leaves linear, 
tapering to a long fine point, lax, red at base, green above, greatly surpassing 
the flowering stems; cauline leaves 2 or 3, wholly clasping the stems except 
at the short acuminate apex, generally separated by a space between of 
several centimeters, often tinged with red; spathes broadly ovate-attenuate, 
red-margined and often red-tinged ; flowers slightly exserted, mauve ; outer 
divisions of the perianth spatulate, obtuse, 5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, the 
blade mauve, often white-margined, the lower part white- and mauve- 
veined and the center yellow, sometimes undulate, inner segments oblanceo- 
late, obtuse, undulate, about 5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; crests of stigma 1.5 
cm. long, erosely serrate, scale rounded or retuse, erose, the haft narrowed 
just below the scale; anthers white, mauve-margined; tube of perianth 
4 cm. long; ovary stipitate, 3-angled. 


Type: No. 264540, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mrs. 
Philip Van Horne Lansdale and the author, March 20, 1939, 
about five miles south of Richardson’s Grove, Mendocino County, 
California. It is named in honor of Mrs. Lansdale, who first saw 
the area where the clumps of /ris almost monopolized the ground. 


APRIL, 1939 ] NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 187 


The flowers were in various shades of mauve, the inner segments 
of the perianth a paler shade than the outer. The color was 
compared with plate 633, page 80, Color Chart of the Royal Hort. 
Soc. London. None was as dark as typical 633; they varied from 
r to: 3. 


This approaches J. Purdyi Eastwood in the clasping cauline 
leaves. It differs in the color of the flowers, the obtuse segments 
of the perianth and the scale of the stigma. In J. Purdyi, the 
flowers are yellow, in J. Lansdaleana they are mauve. The stem- 
leaves are further apart in this species than in J. Purdyi and more 
closely clasping. 

Lupinus luteolus Kell. var. albiflorus Eastwood, var. nov. Differt a 
L. luteolo Kell.: herba sine odore foeda; floribus albis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 264242, collected in Priest 
Valley, Monterey County, June 12, 1938, Eastwood & Howell 
No. 5831. 

Three collections of this were made in June, 1938, by East- 
wood and Howell. The first was in Monterey County, California, 
on the Mustang Grade on the way down to Priest Valley, June 12, 
No. 5828; the second in Priest Valley, No. 5831; and the third, 
June 13, in Fresno County, on the range south of Jacalitos Creek, 
No. 5866. The first grew in a clay seepage; the second covered 
quite a large area and resembled a little forest of herbaceous trees, 
with the single simple purplish stems, divaricately branching 
above, each branch terminating in a dense spike-like raceme of 
white flowers on a long naked peduncle, leafy below. The narrow 
banner is very pale yellow and brown dotted. The variety does 
not have the disagreeable odor of the species. The Fresno County 
collection has larger flowers than in those from Monterey County 
but otherwise the same. The Mt. Pinos specimens reported by 
C. B. Wolf (Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Occas. Papers, Ser. 1, 
No. 2, 65) may be this variety. Dr. Wolf does not mention the 
color of the flowers nor the absence of the fetid odor. 


Lupinus nipomensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Annuus, nanus, carnosus, 
albo-lanatus, basi diffuse ramosus; foliolis 5—7, spatulatis, apice obtusis, 
circa 1 cm. longis, 5—7 mm. latis, brevioribus petiolis longis gracilibus ; 
stipulis connatis 3 mm., segmentis divaricatis teretibus ; racemis terminali- 
bus, brevibus, congestis, pedunculis robustis, pedicellis brevissimis ; floribus 
circa 5—7 mm. longis; calycis segmentis longitudine zqualibus, superiore 
integro, inferiore bisecto lanceolato acuminato; vexillo oblongo, 5 mm. 


188 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 10 


longo, 2 mm. lato, zquali alis, carina curvata, glabra, apice purpurea, 
exserta, in medio 2 mm. lata; leguminibus 1.5 cm. longis, seminibus 3 vel 4, 
stramineis, brunneo-variegatis. 


Type: No. 262501, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected April 23, 
1937, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 3875, on Nipomo Mesa, 
San Luis Obispo Co., California. 

This low fleshy almost prostrate annual lupine grew in sandy 
soil on Nipomo Mesa, not far from the small pond where the 
yellow water lilies grow. It belongs in the L. concinnus group 
but seems quite distinct from others included therein. The flowers 
are smaller and the entire plant is more fleshy and is whitened 
by the long spreading hairs. It seems nearest to L. Orcuttu 
Wats., differing in the pedunculate, densely flowered, terminal 
racemes, the lanate pubescence and the smaller flowers. 


Malvastrum mendocinense Eastwood, spec. nov. Frutex 1—2 m. 
altus, erectus, albo-tomentosus; caulibus gracilibus supra; foliis ovatis, 
obtuse 3—5-lobatis, crenatis, basi cordatis, sinu angusto, supra stellato- 
scabridis, infra stellato-tomentosis et pallidioribus, maximo folio 7 cm. 
longo, 5 cm. lato; floribus in paniculis lateralibus, infra ex foliis, supra 
ex bracteis et interruptis ; calyce 6 mm. longo, segmentis brevibus, deltoideis, 
obtusis; bracteolis 3, basi calycis, 1 mm. longis, deciduis; corolla rosea, 
circa 1.5 cm. diametro; petalis obovatis, apice obliquis, basi crinitis, circa 
6 mm. latis; antheris prope nigris; fructo 4 mm. diametro, omnino stellato- 
tomentoso; seminibus scabridis, luridis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., flowering specimen No. 
249530, collected June 20, 1937, five miles from Ukiah on the 
road to Booneville, Mendocino County California, Eastwood & 
Howell No, 4582 ; fruiting specimen No. 264212, collected July 6, 
1938, from the same plant, Eastwood & Howell No. 6092. The 
bushes grew on a bank alongside the road. 

It belongs to the M. fasciculatum group, with carpels stellate- 
tomentose throughout. It resembles M. fasciculatum in habit 
but differs in the shape and texture of the leaves, the shape of the 
. calyx, and especially in the almost imperceptible bractlets (only 
1 mm. long) at the very base of the calyx. 

The different species of Malvastrum are widely scattered 
in California and so often isolated that to me it seems to be an 
old genus once much more abundant here but now declining. The 
genus too is widely distributed throughout the world which is 
evidence of age. 


APRIL, 1939] WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 189 


A COLLECTION OF DOUGLAS’ WESTERN 
AMERICAN PLANTS—VII 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 
(Concluded from Page 174) 


Nos. 120 and 206. CoNvoLvuLus CALIForNIcUS Choisy. 
The two Douglas specimens were not part of the same collection. 
In one the apex of the leaf is rotund with a prominent little mucro 
at the tip. The plant is not so pale, the leaves have auriculate- 
hastate lobes, and the bracts are only 5—7 mm. long. In the other 
specimen the herbage is more pallid and the apex is not always 
rounded but is generally broadly triangular-acute with the little 
mucro prominent. In the latter the bracts are 8—9 mm. long and 
the sepals are correspondingly longer. The former resembled 
plants from around Monterey, the latter resembled a collection 
made by Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe at the Pinnacles. 


The attempt to correlate these specimens with the collections 
obtained by Douglas that are cited in the literature was not 
entirely successful. From the descriptions, it would appear that 
the type of Calystegia subacaulis H. & A. (“. . . pubescenti- 
sericea,’ Bot. Beechey 363) might correspond to the second 
collection described above, and that the type of Convolvulus cali- 
fornicus Choisy (“caule glabro aut . . . vix pubescente, foliis 

. utrinque leviter pubescente,” Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 405) 
might correspond to the first collection described above. Since 
the plants perhaps represent subspecific aspects of the species 
that are worthy of nomenclatorial recognition, the similarities 
or differences between the types of Hooker and Arnott and of 
Choisy will at length have to be worked out. Convolvulus suba- 
caulis (H. & A.) Greene is a later homonym of C. subacaulis 
Buch.-Ham. 

No. 123. LeEPTODACTYLON CALIFORNICUM H. & A. AIl- 
though there is not much variation in the Prickly Phlox in the 
South Coast Ranges where Douglas probably made his collection, 
it was noted as closely resembling Elmer’s collection from Santa 
Barbara among the Academy specimens. Both the genus and 
species were based on Douglas’ collection. 

No. 119. Amstncx1a Douctastana A. DC. A specimen 
collected by R. A. Plaskett at Jolon, Monterey County, in the 


190 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. Il, NO. 10 


Santa Lucia Mts. in 1899 was apparently an exact match for the 
specimen of the type collection represented in the Russian set. 
The Plaskett specimen was annotated as follows: “the vesture 
of foliage, stems, and calyx is exactly duplicated. In the type 
(collection), the corolla is between 1 and 1.5 cm. long, mostly 
1.2—1.4 cm. long. The type (collection) is young, there is no 
fruit.” This very beautiful plant with its large orange corollas 
and rich brown hairy calices was again collected near Jolon if 
1936, Eastwood & Howell No. 2388. In Bot. Beechey (p. 370), 
Douglas’ collection was reported as A. spectabilis, a name which, 
like that of A. Douglasiana, has been made to serve more fre- 
quently in error than in right (cf. I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arnold 
Arb. 16: 198, 202,—1935). 

No. 122. AMSINCKIA VERNICoSA H. & A. From a consider- 
able series of specimens of this species and its immediate rela# 
tives collected from a number of stations in the South Coast 
Ranges, it was possible to place rather definitely the locality from 
which Douglas probably obtained the type collection. The Douglas 
specimen which I examined found an excellent match in a col- 
lection made in the Santa Lucia Mts. in Monterey County between 
Jolon and Bradley, Eastwood & Howell No. 1984. In this speci- 
men, as in the type, the calyx is clothed with a subsericeous pubes- 
cence mingled with scattered harsher bristly hairs. Other col- 
lections from the Santa Lucia Mts. which we have collected did 
not resemble the type so closely, and collections from the inner 
South Coast Ranges on the east side of the Salinas Valley showed 
still greater divergence. From this it seems likely that the original 
collection was obtained in the Santa Lucia Mts., perhaps among 
the hills of the Monterey formation south and east of Jolon 
where Eastwood & Howell No. 1984 was found. It has already 
been remarked in these notes that typical Lupinus concinnus 
Agardh is perhaps a local variant associated with the rocks and 
soils of this same formation in the same region. 

Variation in corolla-size in A. vernicosa and its relatives was 
one of the chief criteria employed by Suksdorf in the differen- 
tiation and limitation of his segregates in the amsinckias with 
polished nutlets (Werdenda 1:112, 113). In the hills on either 
side of the Salinas Valley, the plants have relatively small corollas, 
5—9 mm. long, and the limb is narrow. In the type collection, 
the corolla was 6—7 mm. long. 


APRIL, 1939] WESTERN AMERICAN PLANTS 191 


In April, 1937, an Amsinckia was collected on the east slope 
of the innermost of the South Coast Ranges which seemed to 
be nearer typical A. vernicosa than A. glauca Sksdf., a relative 
which occurs locally in the same region. This collection, Eastwood 
& Howell No. 4096, was made in the Temblor Range west of 
McKittrick, Kern County, not far from the slope where Astraga- 
lus macrodon H. & A. was collected, another plant heretofore 
known only from the Salinas Valley region far to the west. It is 
of special interest to point out that these plants are associated 
with rocks of the Monterey formation in both regions where they 
have been found. 

No. 125. PEcTOCARYA PENICELLATA (H. & A.) A. DC. 
Douglas collected the plants which served Hooker and Arnott as 
the type of Cynoglossum penicellatum, a name later transferred 
to Pectocarya (DC. Prodr. 10: 120). 

No. 124. PETUNIA PARVIFLORA Juss. This collection was 
not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 140. ANTIRRHINUM GLANDULOSUM Lindl. This species 
was described and figured from plants grown from seed collected 
by Douglas in California, not from the plants collected by him. 

No. 141. Mimutus Doucrasii (Benth. in DC.) Gray. The 
leaves of the type collection were almost saliently serrate. This 
collection was not reported in Bot. Beechey and was not described 
until some five years after that work was published. 

No. 156. PENSTEMON corDIFOLIUs Benth. The specimen in 
the Russian set is undoubtedly a part of the original collection. 

No. 135. PENSTEMON HETEROPHYLLUs Lindl. Although the 
species was described from cultivated plants, Keck considered 
that the plant collected by Douglas “should doubtless be regarded 
as the type” (U. C. Publ. Bot. 16:411). The plant I examined 
was a part of this collection which might well be designated as 
a lectotype if there is no specimen in Herb. Lindley. to serve as 
actual type. 

No. 158. OroBANCHE FASCICULATA Nutt. This was another 
of the Douglas collections not listed in Bot. Beechey. 

No. 65. GaALiuM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nutt. ex T. & G. This 
collection was not cited by Hooker and Arnott but is probably 
the one given by Torrey and Gray: “St. Francisco? Douglas!” 
(Fl. N. A. 2:22). The Douglas collection which I examined 
corresponded to that form of the species which is found in the 


192 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 10 


Santa Lucia Mts. with a narrow, rather leafy pistillate inflo- 
rescence, a form which approaches var. foliosum Hilend & 
Howell. In the Douglas specimen cauline leaves below the inflo- 
resence are short and relatively broad, elliptic to oblong, 5 mm. 
or less long, and correspond to leaves on a specimen from the 
San Antonio River in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. (Howell No. 5705). 

No. 115. DowNINGIaA PULCHELLA (Lindl.) Torr. This spe- 
cies was first named and described from plants grown from 
Douglas’ seed. Douglas’ specimen from Russia represented the 
same plant illustrated by Lindley (Bot. Reg. tab. 1909) and 
appeared to match excellently a collection by E. K. Abbott from 
near Santa Rita, Monterey County. The habit, leaves, calyx, 
velvety texture of the inside of the corolla, and the two purple 
dots in the corolla-throat were matched wonderfully. In the 
Douglas specimens the anther-column always carried two short 
straight deflected bristles, but in the Abbott plants all of the 
anther-columns did not seem to have these. This collection of 
Douglas was examined by Dr. Robert F. Hoover, who has shown 
a keen and discriminating interest in the genus. 


GIFOLA GERMANICA (L.) Dumort. Although this Old World 
plant is adventive in some of the eastern states, I have seen no 
reference in literature to its occurrence in the western United 
States. On July 4, 1937, the plant was collected by Mr. Lewis S. 
Rose in Roseburg, Douglas Co., Oregon; and, though it can 
scarcely be called established when known from only a single 
collection, it is the sort of alien that promises to go far and is 
deserving of our early attention. Gifola is most closely related 
to Filago from which it may be distinguished not only by its dis- 
tinctive habit but also, more technically, by the outermost bracts 
of the heads which in Gifola are nearly plane and which simply 
subtend the outermost flowers and which in Filago are concave 
or folded and which more or less enclose the outermost flowers. 
The plant is commonly known as Herba Impia because of the 
impious manner in which the later clusters of heads overreach 
the older clusters which appear to have given them birth—John 
Thomas Howell. 


Vo. II No. 11 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


% 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

PNewrmpccies Of Chorizanthe 6 oe eee 
GeorGE J. GOODMAN 

Some Undescribed Northern Californian Valerians . . 196 


ALIce EAstwoop 


Range Extensions for Southeastern Washington and 
OES GN ECOL Rae OO Ta RS 


R. F. DAUBENMIRE 


Lupinus Danaus on Mt. Dana and at Adjacent Localities . 201 
Auice Eastwoop 


meee. inh, Ceaniothus—Fli iss ak ee ee oe AQ 
Joun Tuomas Howe. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Jury 22, 1939 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. West. Bor. 


AURIS UA UU I 


[Urq 
INCHES 


De ea Ma UL a A) ee MTB yi 


Owned and published by 


Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomMAs HOWELL 


JULY, 1939] NEW SPECIES OF CHORIZANTHE 193 


A NEW SPECIES OF CHORIZANTHE 
BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN 


Iowa State College, Ames 


Some time ago Mr. John Thomas Howell kindly turned over 
to me some Chorizanthe material collected by Miss Eastwood and 
himself. His belief that it might represent a new species was 
correct. The description follows : 


Chorizanthe ventricosa Goodman, spec. noy. Fig. 1, 2. Planta diffusa, 
1—3 dm. alta; caulibus pluribus e basi, plerumque trichotome ramosis, 
patenter pubescentibus ; foliis basalibus, oblanceolatis et petiolatis, laminis 
usque ad 4.5 cm. longis, subter hirsutis, supra sparse hirsutis; bracteis 
inferioribus foliis similibus, plerumque aristatis, superioribus subulatis; 
inflorescentia ex cymis densis composita; involucris ventricosis, tubo circa 
3.5 mm. longo, sparse pubescentibus, costis brevi-strigosis, dentibus quinque 
uncinatis, dente anteriore elongato, divergente, recto aut uncinato, circa 
2 mm. longo; floribus paulum exsertis, 4—4.5 mm. longis, segmentis exter- 
ioribus late obcordatis, subintegris vel erosis, circa 1.5 mm. longis, interiori- 
bus aliquid subquadrangularibus, emarginatis, circa 1 mm. longis, parte 
dimidia distante fimbriata;’staminibus 9, antheris linearibus, 1.25 mm. 


Fig. 2 


Chorizanthe ventricosa Goodman, Fig. 1, involucre, x25; flg. 2, flower, 
x25. Drawn by Miss Marie A. Corkle. 


Leet, West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 193-208, July 22, 1939. 
™ 


bO7 | 


194 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. Il, NO. II 


Diffuse plants, 1—3 dm. tall; stems several from the base, usually 
dichotomously branched, spreading-pubescent; leaves basal, oblanceolate, 
long- or short-petiolate, blades as much as 4.5 cm. long, hirsute below, less 
densely so above; lower bracts foliar, similar to the leaves, commonly awn- 
tipped, upper bracts subulate; inflorescence of dense cymose clusters; in- 
volucres ventricose, the tube about 3.5 mm. long, sparsely pubescent except 
on the ribs, these bearing short, ascending hairs, five of the teeth uncinate, 
the elongated anterior one divergent, straight or uncinate, about 2 mm. long ; 
perianth partly exserted, 4—4.5 mm. long, the outer lobes broadly obcordate, 
subentire or erose, about 1.5 mm. long, inner segments squarish, emarginate, 
about 1 mm. long, distal half fimbriate ; stamens 9, anthers linear, 1.25 mm. 
long. 

Catirornia. Monterey Co.: Mustang Grade between San 
Lucas and Priest Valley, May 11, 1936, Eastwood & Howell 
No. 2452 (type, Calif. Acad. Sci.) ; Mustang Grade, June 12, 
1938, Eastwood & Howell No. 5809; range north of Parkfield, 
June 13, 1938, Eastwood & Howell No. 5890. Fresno Co.: range 
south of Jacalitos Creek, June 13, 1938, Eastwood & Howell 
No. 5853, 5853A. San Benito Co.: on Lewis Creek, 14 miles 
northwest of Priest Valley, May 11, 1936, Eastwood & Howell 
No. 2479. All the specimens are in the herbarium of the Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences. 

The new species is a member of the subsection Umiaristate, 
and occurs near the center of the range for the subsection as 
given in the revision of the North American species of the genus.* 
Owing primarily to the shape of the inner perianth-segments, the 
nearest known relative probably is C. Palmeri Wats. From this 
species it differs in being diffuse, in the usually evidently ventri- 
cose involucres, which are less pubescent, and in the outer 
perianth-segments, which are obcordate (as well as longer ) rather 
than orbicular. 

Because the perianth-segments are either “subentire or erose,” 
it is necessary to have the name of the new species appear twice 
if it be inserted in the key on page 21 of the revision of the 
genus cited above. The modification is as follows: 


j. Inner perianth-lobes oblong, outer obovate. 


k and kk. 

jj. Inner perianth-lobes retuse to emarginate. 
8. Outer lobesorbicular; Wimm, long. cs eee 30. C. Palmeri 
8’. Outer lobes obcordate, 1.5 mm. long.................-...... 30’. C. ventricosa 


1 Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 70 (1934). 


JULY, 1939] NEW SPECIES OF CHORIZANTHE 195 


and again at “Il’’ on the same page: 


11. Outer lobes more or less erose. 
9. Inner lobes also more or less erose. 
o and oo. 
9’. Inner lobes fimbriate, emarginate..........................-- 30’. C. ventricosa 


7 y 7 


The correction of an erroneous determination should also be 
made at this time. Again I am grateful to Mr. Howell, whose 
keen eye detected the mistake. His No. 11551, from San Benito 
Co., California, was identified as Chorizanthe biloba. Reéxami- 
nation indicates the specimen to be Chorizanthe obovata Good- 
man f. prostrata Goodman. The specimen is cited on page 74 of 
the revision of the group. 


The perianth-segments are subequal in length in C. biloba, 
as noted in the original description. This character is helpful 
in recognizing the species from the others of the subsection 
Uniaristate. 


CENTRANTHUS: A NEW IMMIGRANT GENUS TO CALIFORNIA. * 
What is apparently the first record for Centranthus ruber DC. 
for California, and possibly the last, is the collection made in 
the vicinity of Ione, Amador Co., in June, 1904, Ernest Braun- 
ton No. 1064. The collection, in the University of California 
Herbarium, is an admirable match for the Mediterranean exsic- 
cate in the same herbarium. According to deCandolle ( Prodr. 
4 :632,—1830), C. ruber is a ruderal species of southern Europe, 
Asia Minor, and north Africa and was known at that date as a 
casual about gardens, as about gardens of Quito! Ridley (Dis- 
persal of Plants throughout the World, 145,—1930) accounts for 
this logically, I believe, when he comments that the “fruits are 
readily dispersed by wind to some distance,” by means of their 
“sepaline plumes.”’ It is apparently naturalized in some parts of 
its native Europe, as Wilczek and Schinz (FI. Suisse, 556,—1909, 
under Kentranthus, an alternate name) record it as occurring on 
rock walls in Switzerland about towns. It seems to belong to that 
considerable group of adventives which cannot persist long in the 
competitive ranks and will, accordingly, never become a pestif- 
erous weed.—Joseph Ewan, University of Colorado, Boulder. 


196 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Il, NO. If 


SOME UNDESCRIBED NORTHERN CALIFORNIAN 
VALERIANS 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


In the genus laleriana the chief emphasis has been placed on 
the leaf-characters while the flowers have received but little at- 
tention. Asa Gray in the Synoptical Flora differentiates amid 
those erect species with the creeping rootstocks two groups, one 
group represented by Il’. sitchensis Bong., V. sylvatica Banks and 
”. capitata Pall., and the other with long flowers represented by 
V’. arigonica Gray and Il’. pauciflora Michx. He briefly describes 
the flowers, mentioning only the length of the corolla. In a recent 
examination of the Californian representatives in the herbarium 
of the California Academy of Sciences, the author was struck by 
the differences in the shape of the flowers of three geographically 
distant collections in northern California. All seem related to 
I’. sttchensis Bong., as all have the villous nodes of that species 
so well described by Bongard in Veg. de Sitcha. Since lV. sylvatica 
Banks (V’. septentrionalis Rydb.) is described as glabrous, it is 
undoubtedly without the villous nodes. The three species named 
in this article may eventually be considered as subspecies of 
lV’. sitchensis, but at present, without the type to consult, it is less 
confusing to give them specific rank. 


Valeriana Adamsiana Eastwood, spec. nov. Fig. 1. Caulis erectus fistu- 
losus, simplex vel basi stoloniferus et ramosus, 2 dm.—1 m. altus, glaber 
preter nodis villosis; foliis infimis simplicibus vel 3—7-sectis, segmentis 
terminalibus et foliis simplicibus late ellipticis vel ovatis, segmentis later- 
alibus minoribus, obtusis acutisve, margine subundulatis, petiolis ciliatis, 
longis, latis, basi dilatis, amplexicaulibus et basi imbricatis; foliis supremis 
sessilibus, szepe 3-verticillatis, segmentis acuminatis; paniculis junioribus 
glomeratis, in senectute divaricate ramosis, ramis elongatis, gracilibus, 
cymis terminalibus, bracteis anguste linearibus; corolla pallido-rosea, 
glabra, circa 6 mm. longa, infundibulari, tubo circa 4 mm. longo, basi 0.5 
mm. lato, fauce 3 mm. lata et lamina 4 mm. diametro; stigmate 3-lobato, 
longiore staminibus ; akeniis glabris, 4 mm. longis. 


Type: No. 216602, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected along 
Smith River, Del Norte County, California, near the Mary 
Adams Peacock Bridge. It is named in honor of Mary Adams 
Peacock, a greatly beloved and respected pioneer of Del Norte 
County. The type was collected by Eastwood and Howell, April 
11, 1934, No. 1334. Other specimens representing different 


JULY, 1939] NORTHERN CALIFORNIAN VALERIANS 197 


Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 


Corollas in Californian species of Valeriana: fig. 1, V. Adamsiana East- 
wood; fig. 2, V. Follettiana Eastwood; fig. 3, V. humboldtiana Eastwood ; 
fig. 4, V. californica Heller. 


stages of flowering from the same locality are in the herbarium, 
some collected by Mrs. Peacock and some by the author. 


Stems erect, hollow, simple or sometimes with smaller 
branches from the leafy stolons, often becoming very tall, smooth 
except for the hairy ring at the nodes. The lowest leaves are 
simple or with 3 to 7 segments, the terminal segment and simple 
leaves broadly elliptical or ovate, the lateral segments smaller, 
obtuse or acute, faintly wavy with a callous gland marking each 
wave, the broad petioles are dilated at the base, clasping the stems 
and closely clustered one above the other. The upper stem-leaves 
are sessile, often in whorls of 3 with 5 to 7 acuminate divisions. 
At first the flowers are somewhat closely clustered, but later the 
inflorescence branches widely with slender elongating branches 
terminated by cymes with linear bracts and bractlets. The corolla 
is pale rose, smooth, funnel-form, about 6 mm. long, the tube 
about 4 mm. long, tapering from the throat 3 mm. broad to the 
base, which is less than 1 mm., the limb 4 mm. across. The 
3-lobed stigma and stamens are exserted, the style surpassing the 
stamens. The glabrous akenes are 4 mm. long. 


Valeriana Follettiana Eastwood, spec. nov. Fig. 2. Caulis fistulosus, 
striatus, striis villosis et glabris, nodis villosis; foliis infimis 3—5-sectis, 
obscure papillosis, petiolis latis ciliatis basi dilatis amplexicaulibus et im- 
bricatis, segmentis obtusis, margine subundulatis, segmentis terminalibus 
oblongis, circa 4 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, rachide ciliosa, segmentis lateralibus 
minoribus, ovatis vel orbicularibus; foliis supremis sessilibus 3—5-sectis, 
segmentis acutis vel acuminatis, margine glanduloso-dentatis vel crenatis ; 
cymis junioribus glomeratis; corolla pallido-rosea, glabra, campanulata, 
circa 6 mm. longa, fauce 5 mm. lata, tubo basi 1—2 mm. lato; stigmate 
3-lobato, longiore staminibus. 


198 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. Il, NO. II 


Type: No. 174661, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected March 
30, 1930, along the creek at Elk, Mendocino County, California, 
by Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Follett, in whose honor it is named. An- 
other collection from the same locality was made by J. T. Howell, 
March 2, 1934, No. 11757, Herb. Calif. Sci. No. 252162 and 
252163. he 

All these specimens are young and without ripe akenes. The 
close cluster of flowers may expand into a panicle as is generally 
the case in this group. All collected at Elk have simple stems, but 
one, which apparently is the same from near Mendocino City, 
shows a tendency to branch at the base. This has thinner leaves 
and grew in the shady woods. The first leaves are sometimes 
simple and similar to the basal leaves. The stem is hollow and 
striate, some of the ribs hairy and some smooth; the nodes and 
petioles of the leaves are also hairy. The marginal undulations 
are each tipped with a callous gland. The flowers are open- 
campanulate, pale rose and about 6 mm. long. 

Valeriana humboldtiana Eastwood, spec. nov. Fig. 3. Caulis fistulosus 
striatus, glaber przeter nodis villosis, 3—4 dm. altus, basi stoloniferus et 
ramosus; foliis radicalibus simplicibus vel trisectis, segmentis terminalibus 
et foliis simplicibus ovatis, obtusis, undulatis vel integris, segmentis laterali- 
bus minimis orbiculatis; petiolis multo longioribus laminis, basi latis et 
amplexicaulibus; foliis caulinis 5—9-sectis, segmentis ovatis vel ovato- 
lanceolatis, rhachide nonnumquam ciliosa, internodiis longis; paniculis 
divaricate ramosis, ramis gracilibus, elongatis, cymis paucifloris; termi- 
nalibus, bracteis anguste linearibus; corolla glabra, rosea, tubo fauceque 


6—7 mm. longa, lamina circa 4 mm. diametro; akeniis 6—8 mm. longis, 
glabris, basi 1.5 mm. latis. 


Type: No. 252160, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 24, 
1937, five miles east of Berry Summit, Humboldt County, Cali- 
fornia, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4868. 

This tall valerian is stoloniferous at base with the stolons 
sometimes producing short flowering stems. Except for the 
villous nodes the stem is glabrous with few distant leaves. The 
radical leaves are simple or trifoliate with the terminal segment 
much larger than the two small segments close below ; the margin 
is entire or with faint undulations marked by callous glands ; the 
cauline leaves are sessile, the uppermost more pointed than those 
below. The widely spreading fruiting and flowering panicles are 
on long peduncles, with very slender, long branches terminated 
by the cymes and very narrow linear bracts. The branches are 


JULY, 1939] WASHINGTON-IDAHO RANGE EXTENSIONS 199 


open and few-flowered. The pale pink funnel-form corolla is 
conspicuous, the tube and throat 6 to 7 mm. long, the spreading 
limb 4 mm. across. The smooth akenes are 6 to 7 mm. long. The 
3-lobed stigma and stamens are exserted. 


RANGE EXTENSIONS FOR SOUTHEASTERN 
WASHINGTON AND ADJACENT IDAHO 


BY R. F, DAUBEN MIRE 
University of Idaho, Moscow 

The publication of St. John’s revision of “A manual to the 
flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho” in 1937 
has fulfilled an acute need for an up-to-date treatment of the 
flora of this region. Since its appearance the writer has found 
several plants within the area covered by the manual but which 
were not included in the book. One of these, Monotropa uni- 
flora L., was undoubtedly omitted due to an oversight, since 
the species is not uncommon in our region and was mentioned 
in the preceding edition. 

Duplicate collections upon which the following notes are 
based have been placed in the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, 
University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 

CAREX SUBFUSCA W. Boott grows on open muddy soil around 
the south edge of Lake Chatcolet, and also in an open roadside 
ditch just south of Plummer, both locations in Benewah Co., 
Idaho. Daubenmire No. 38207. 

JUNCUS BRUNNESCENS Rydb. was found near Plummer. 
Daubenmire No. 38209. 

SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS L. was collected in fruit on May 29, 
1938, on a dry, overgrazed and eroded slope overlooking the 
town of Julietta, Latah Co., Idaho. The presence of this colony 
was discovered by Miss Vada Allen a few weeks prior to my 
collections from it. Daubenmire No. 38120. 

ADONIS ANNUA L, occurs abundantly along the roadside in 
one area at the west edge of Latah Co., Idaho. Although an 
escape from cultivation it seems to have successfully established 
itself among native prairie species at this point and to be spread- 
ing somewhat. Collected in flower May 30, 1938. Daubenmire 
No. 38135. 


ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (L..) Heynh. was collected in Latah 


200 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. iy NOP 


Co., Idaho, on May 15, 1938. The plants were growing on a 
rocky open slope in the zone of Pinus ponderosa. Daubennure 
No. 3883. 

ASTRAGALUS GisBsiI Kell. was collected in flower in the 
corner of a pasture southwest of Washtucna, Franklin Cas, 
Washington, on May 21, 1938. Daubenmire No. 38104. 

LoMATIUM SIMPLEX (Nutt.) Macbr. was discovered grow- 
ing in dry prairie near Cul de Sac, Nez Perce Co., Idaho, on 
May 2, 1937. Daubenmire No. 37108. 

PECTOCARYA PENICILLATA (H. & A.) A. DC. occurs abun- 
dantly a few miles southwest of Washtucna, Franklin Co., Wash- 
ington. In this overgrazed range country the writer first found 
specimens on April 30, 1938. Many of the plants at this time 
were bearing fully matured fruits although the total height of 
the plants ranged between one and two centimeters. The indi- 
viduals persisted, continuing to grow in height and producing 
more flowers, until at the end of several weeks they were 4 to 5 
centimeters tall. Other collections have previously been made of 
the species in Washington, but these appear to be the first found 
as far east as the area encompassed by St. John’s manual. 
Daubenmire No. 3845, 

PENSTEMON MICRANTHUS Nutt. is the fourth species of the 
group of new records collected south of Plummer. Daubenmure 
No. 38210. 

DowNINGIA BRACHYANTHA Nels. & Macbr. was found grow- 
ing in the soft muddy bottom of a roadside ditch near Plummer, 
Benewah Co., Idaho. This plant and the Carex, Penstemon, and 
Juncus, reported in this paper, all were found within a few 
meters of each other in the zone of Pinus ponderosa along the 
main highway south of Plummer on June 10, 1938. Daubenmire 
No. 38211. 

Albino forms of the following species have been collected 
in the region of St. John’s Manual: Brodiea Douglasu Wats. 
(Daubenmire No. 3841), Iris missouriensis Nutt. (Daubenmuire 
No. 38134), and Lomatium Cous ( Wats.) C. & R. (Daubenmire 
No. 383). The existence of these forms was apparently not 
known to St. John, who favors giving albinos nomenclatorial 
recognition. Whether these are named or not, their existence 
should be mentioned in the species descriptions and in several 
cases will necessitate revisions of keys to the species. 


JULY, 1939] LUPINUS DANAUS 201 


LUPINUS DANAUS ON MT. DANA AND AT 
ADJACENT LOCALITIES 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


My attention was called to Lupinus Danaus Gray by two 
collections from Mt. Dana made by Mr. J. T. Howell, August 11, 
1938. The variations were so striking that it necessitated a study 
of the related species, especially of L. Lyallii Gray, under which 
this was placed by Watson as var. Danaus.’ Since Asa Gray 
described both species in the same publication? and considered 
them distinct, but from apparently two collections only, that of 
Lyall for L. Lyallii and that of Bolander for L. Danaus, more 
extensive and more recent collections may have made a change 
necessary. 

Among the specimens from Mt. Rainier in the herbarium 
of the California Academy of Sciences is one from Milo S. Baker, 
No. 7256, collected near McClure Rock, Mt. Rainier, July 29, 
1924, which most closely resembles a photograph of Lyall’s speci- 
men which I took at Kew and which is labeled L. Lyallit in Gray’s 
handwriting. The label reads “Lyall, eastern summit of Cascade 
Mts. ; 7500 ft. above the sea, July 1860, lat. 49 N.”’ Other speci- 
mens at Kew are: Allen No. 100, Mt. Rainier; Cusick No. 2048, 
Steins Mt. Mr. Baker’s specimen agrees also with Gray’s de- 
scription. Other collections on Mt. Rainier differ in having 
shorter peduncles, leaf-bearing near the base, faintly ciliate keel 
and longer racemes, with leaves often somewhat surpassing the 
peduncles. The difference is especially marked in specimens from 
the north side of the mountain contrasted with those from the 
south side. They resemble also plants from Mt. Hood. 


Mr. Howell made two collections, No. 14530, at 11,000 feet, 
and the other, No. 14539, at 12,000 feet. The first shows two- 
color forms growing together, one the typical white tinged with 
pale violet; the other with deep violet wings and keel and the 
banner with a conspicuous large white spot at the top, which under 
a lens is pale yellow. This seems worthy of varietal rank as var. 
bicolor® of L. Danaus. In the same collection, the typical L. 

1 Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 534 (1873). 

2 Proc. Amer. Acad, 7: 335 (1867). 

3 Lupinus Danaus Gray var. bicolor Eastwood, var. nov. Alis et carina 
violacea, vexillo luteolo-maculato apice. 


aare Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 263360, Mt. Dana, 12,000 ft., Tuolumne 
Co;, nitrate. Aug. 11, 1938, J. T. Howell No. 14539. 


202 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. If, NO. II 


Danaus is represented by one specimen about 1 dm. high with a dis- 
tinctly leaf-bearing stem and flowers in 2 or 3 whorls, as well as by 
the low cespitose plants. Mr. Howell’s collection at 12,000 feet 
consists solely of the variety bicolor. These are taller than the bi- 
colored specimen in No. 14530. My collections on Mt. Dana in 
1907, as well as specimens which I collected the same year on Mono 
Pass, show the two color variations. Gray makes a distinction be- 
tween L. Lyallii and L. Danaus in the pubescence, the former silky- 
hairy, and the latter shaggy. The plants on Mono Pass are even 
more shaggy than those on Mt. Dana and vary from 5—10 cm. 
in height. The same year I collected several specimens in Tuol- 
umne Meadows at various places with leaf-bearing stems similar 
to the tall specimens in Mr. Howell’s collection. Other specimens 
in the Academy herbarium are: Slate Creek Basin, east of Mt. 
Conness, Mono County, elevation 10,000 feet, collected by John 
Coulter, No. 3; Gaylor Lake, 10,000 feet elevation, Enid Michael ; 
Bud Lake, Dr. Herbert M. Evans. Specimens from Heather 
Lake, Lake Tahoe region, Eastwood No. 1213, are somewhat 
doubtfully referred to L. Danaus. 


STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS—II 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


A few words of introduction should be given to the key that 
I have prepared to the species of Ceanothus subgenus Cerastes 
on the Pacific Coast. At first I planned only a short key or 
synopsis to the new species I have described which would show 
how they differ from each other and related species; but this 
original plan was soon enlarged to include all of the species of the 
subgenus in California and later was expanded to take in Wash- 
ington, Oregon and Lower California as well, since these regions 
offered no serious problem not taken care of in the study of the 
Californian species. I regret that the key has had to be restricted 
to the Pacific states but it was early apparent that C. Greggu and 
related species and forms in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and 
Mexico present problems which are in need of more extended 
and detailed study than I have been able to give. 

In this key as I have prepared it, I have tried to make it as 
“natural” as possible, even at the risk of making it more compli- 


JULY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 203 


cated than it would be if it were more “artificial.” Whenever 
possible characters of the fruit have been used and the resulting 
alignment may seem artificial to those who would place a critical 
emphasis on some other characters. In one of the major divisicns 
of the key I have emphasized the character of pubescence and in 
another important division I have tried to obtain a fundamental 
distinction from the character of leaves and venation. Further 
study may show that these characters can only be regarded as 
tendencies in certain groups and that I have overestimated their 
taxonomic value; but I think it is important to call attention to 
them. 

The subgenus Cerastes can be readily divided into five groups 
which in a general way include most of the species.* However, 
because of the character of the variations in many of the species, 
some are difficult to place and the positions of such are more 
or less arbitrary. It is my belief that these difficulties are the 
result of age-old and long-continued hybridization between mem- 
bers of the several groups. As a result there has been produced 
what might be termed an evolutionary fabric rather than a few 
distinct evolutionary lines, a fabric in which the seemingly older 
and more widely distributed species are centers about which 
series of smaller entities of suspected hybrid origin are dis- 
posed. Because of the numerous geologic changes in California 
since the Miocene, there has undoubtedly been ample opportu- 
nity for the isolation and fixation of hybrid-segregates; and 
in the present diverse physiography and climate of California 
there seems to be a continuation of means for the further segre- 
gation of variants resulting from hybridization. Because I be- 
lieve that hybridization has been and still is such an active factor 
in the origin of variations in our group in California, I have 


* The following key indicates in broad outline the characters by which 
the species have been grouped: 
Pubescence, at least on young shoots, mealy- 
POTIIGIIE ORG cs aie ss ae ect eta Dale The C. Greggii group 
Pubescence not mealy-tomentose, hairs straight or somewhat crisped, 
ee eee and sericeous or more or less spreading and 
villous. 
Fruit with horns lateral or obsolete; leaves alternate or sometimes 
PB DORICG os a ee ee ee The C. verrucosus group 
Fruit with apical or subapical horns; leaves opposite. 
Leaves entire; flowers mostly white.................... The C. cuneatus group 
Leaves toothed; flowers mostly purplish-blue. 
Fruits small, generally not more than 6 mm. long. 
pia LE EERE RN SON ETS SNS Ba See SOA The C. rigidus group 
Fruits large, generally more than 6 mm. long. 
open ia wla ates aaiuods nln c aaels tronig ued Sone ocaemmaaoamne eae The C. prostratus group 


204 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. II 


recognized very few named varieties but have preferred to treat 
the entities as species since one cannot always be certain that two 
entities belong to the same genetic line even when there are 
marked similarities between them in certain characters. I believe 
that there should be a much fuller and more detailed knowledge 
of the group before varieties of species may be properly proposed. 
Notes on the different species which follow the key have been 
prepared as a review of known distribution, a commentary on 
the opinions of other investigators, and a record of further 
problems to be investigated. 


This study is based chiefly on collections in the Herbarium 
of the California Academy of Sciences. I am grateful to Prof. 
H. E. McMinn for helpful suggestions and encouragement ; Dr. 
I. L. Wiggins furnished me a list of the species of Ceanothus 
reported from Lower California; Dr. H. L. Mason made avail- 
able the facilities of the Herbarium of the University of Cali- 
fornia; and Dr. W. R. Maxon generously loaned to me the types 
of Rose’s Lower Californian species from the U. S. National 
Herbarium. For my special interest in the subgenus and for 
helpful suggestions and many specimens, I am particularly in- 
debted to Mr. Milo S. Baker. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CEANOTHUS SUBGENUS CERASTES ON 
THE PaciFic Coast 


FRUITS WITH HORNS LATERAL OR OBSOLETE, OR IF HORNS ARE APICAL OR 
NEARLY SO, THEN THE LEAVES ALTERNATE OR DENSELY WHITE-TOMENTOSE 
BENEATH.—The C. Greggii—C. verrucosus group 


A. Stems erect; flowers white. 

B. Pubescence on young stems and leaves mealy-tomentose, the 
hairs white and crisped, sometimes thin or early deciduous ; 
leaves opposite, acute or obtuse. 

C. Leaves not conspicuously white-tomentose beneath, rarely 
even subglabrous; corymbs subsessile; horns dorsal, 
attached at middle of fruit or obsolete. 

D. Leaves generally two to three times longer than broad, 
oblong and elliptical to oblanceolate and obovate, 
or if broader, the leaves usually less than 1 cm. 
long ; stipules not conspicuous.................. 1. C. vestitus 

D. Leaves about as broad as long, varying to oval and obo- 
vate, usually 1 cm. or more long; stipules usually 
WEL WOMEN: 2k 2c ene eet 2. C. perplexans 


JULY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 205 


C. Leaves white-tomentose beneath even in age, the tomentum 
generally concealing the veins; stipules conspicuous ; 
corymbs shortly pedunculate ; horns apical. 

E. Margin of leaves revolute, coarsely toothed or 


Wawery Cnttge 5 3. C. crassifolius 
E. Margin of leaves plane, entire or sometimes finely 
denticulate.............. 3a. C. crassifolius var. planus 


B. Pubescence on young stems and leaves subvillous or subsericeous, 
the hairs mostly straight or a little crisped, not mealy; 
leaves alternate or opposite, obtuse or obcordate. 

F. Horns on fruit small or obsolete, or if present, the fruit 
more than 6 mm. in diameter. 

G. Fruit 4—6 mm. in diameter ; pubescence of young stems 
subvillous; leaves alternate, broadly obovate to 
almost round, sometimes denticulate, stipules large 
pe eg ECOG ek Bh ee ee 4. C. verrucosus 

G. Fruit 6—11 mm. in diameter; pubescence of young 
stems appressed-ascending ; leaves oblanceolate to 
broadly elliptic, entire, stipules usually less con- 


spicuous. 
H. Horns on fruit stout or slender, subapical; leaves 
Leg RO os RAS DA Mele 5. C. megacarpus 
H. Horns on fruit rudimentary ; leaves mostly oppo- 
Sites ne ey LOS wf Deen Sete 6. C. insularis 


F. Horns on fruit lateral and rather conspicuous, fruit 5—6 
mm. in diameter; pubescence on young stems villous, 
usually subappressed; leaves opposite, oblanceolate, 
entire, obtuse, stipules small and not conspicuous............ 
Be apt cnc tes a ee coat ead ee A. Be 7. C. submontanus 


A. Stems prostrate, pubescence subvillous to subsericeous ; leaves oppo- 
irre ePCrUnN es TONRRE Stns ea Fe eg <n 8. C. fresnensis 


FRUITS WITH HORNS USUALLY WELL DEVELOPED, APICAL OR NEARLY SO; 
LEAVES ALWAYS OPPOSITE 


J. Leaves entire or generally so, on the upper side the midvein not much- 
impressed and the lateral veins not especially evident, the upper surface 
simply reticulate-veined, on the lower side the primary lateral veins 
usually not extending to the margin. (Entire or subentire 
leaves occur frequently in C. Ferrise, C. rigidus and 
C. pumilus, and occasionally in other species 
given below.)—The C. cuneatus group 


I. Mostly erect shrubs with rigid branches; pubescence of young stems 
mostly appressed or subappressed. 
J. Flowers white; fruits usually light brownish, tending to be ob- 
| TREN Mest ON ARLE Ti (CT EAN Ria MOA 9. C. cuneatus 
J. Flowers pale to deep blue; fruits usually deep to dark brown or 
blackish, tending to be lower and broader......10. C. ramulosus 


206 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. If, NO. I 


I. Low trailing shrub with weak flexible branches ; pubescence of young 
StEMmS VIN GUS! 8 2222 oo ee en eae 11. C. connivens 


2. Leaves toothed or generally so, on the upper side the midvein and fre- 
quently the primary lateral veins impressed and evident, on the lower 
side the lateral veins generally extending to the margin and fre- 
quently ending in a tooth. (Toothed leaves are occasional in 
C. cuneatus and C. ramulosus. Ceanothus connivens, a 
procumbent plant of the middle Sierra Nevada with 
fruits about 5 mm. long, with strongly in- 
curved horns and with leaves generally 
denticulate at the apex, is referred 
to the C. cuneatus group) 

K. Fruits usually small, 4—6 mm. in diameter. (In C. Ferrise, a species 
with white flowers and with intermediate crests obsolete, the 
fruits are 6—8 mm. in diameter; and in C. divergens, a species 
with the larger leaves subpinnately and subspinosely lobed, the 
fruit is 6—7 mm. in diameter )—The C. rigidus group. 

L. Flowers white; fruit large, 6—8 mm. in diameter, light brown 
WHETUEIPE ete ee eet eee sae Sena Sie me 12. C. Ferrise 

L. Flowers purplish-blue ; fruit small, 4—6 (or 7) mm. in diameter, 
dark brown when ripe. 

M. Stipules prominent but not extra large, usually 2 mm. 
long or less; leaves cuneate and oblongish to broadly 
oblanceolate (except sometimes when less than 1 cm. 
long), usually less than 1.5 cm. broad. (Occasional 
exceptions may occur in C. divergens with largest 
leaves 1.5—2 cm. broad and subpinnately lobed.) 

N. Horns on fruit short and stubby, not deeply wrinkled, 
intermediate crests generally lacking. 


O. Stems erect; sides of larger leaves toothed. 
P. Leaves scarcely cuneate, broadly obovate; 
corymb nearly sessile................ 13. C. rigidus 
P. Leaves broadly cuneate ; corymb shortly pedun- 
Giilateree eee 13a. C. rigidus var. pallens 
O. Stems prostrate or at length forming low mounds; 
sides of larger leaves entire............14. C. pumilus 
N. Horns on fruit oblong and slender, generally wrinkled, 
intermediate crests present but sometimes small. 
Q. Stems prostrate or at length forming low mounds 
BR sto Beek oo ok ee ee AE 15. C. confusus 
Q. Stems suberect to erect, 1—2 m. tall. 
R. Leaves large, 1—2 cm. long, with prominent 
subspinose teeth or lobes......16. C. divergens 
R. Leaves small, 0.5—1 cm. long, the teeth not so 
CONSPICUOUS 17. C. sonomensis 


JULY, 1939] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 207 


M. Stipules usually very large and prominent, up to 5 mm. long 
on sterile shoots; leaves usually more than 1.5 cm. 
broad, obovate to orbicular, broadly cuneate to rounded 
at base. 

S. Leaves thinnish and somewhat flexible with 6—15 teeth 
on the sides. 
A Semis MKOStlAtG 5 .ce es eee es ee 18. C. gloriosus 
ei stems erect. 1-—2 imisitall 28 oe 
se key heed Nek Bleek 18a. C. gloriosus var. exaltatus 
S. Leaves thick and rigid, the sides with 3—5 prominent 
BONIS MCE 0 oink st acces teeta 19. C. purpureus 


K. Fruits large, 6—11 mm. long, horns prominent and wrinkled inter- 
mediate crests present but sometimes reduced to a low wrinkled 
fold. (Ceanothus Ferris@ and C. divergens are referred to the 
C. rigidus group although they have fruits 6—8 mm. long)— 
The C. prostratus group. 

U. Fruits with low wrinkled intermediate crests, the crests some- 
times nearly lacking; horns much-wrinkled, more or less 
flattened tangentially; seed broadly oblong, 4 mm. long, 
3 mm. wide, truncately obtuse at both ends. 

V. Stems prostrate or low and spreading, the internodes and 
peduncles more or less pubescent; leaves oblanceolate 
to broadly oblongish, the sides with 1—5 teeth, rarely 
entire, stipules more slender and less prominent ; horns 
PHONE TSH Vs ee tte eh eee ole 20. C. prostratus 

V. Stems erect or occasionally low and spreading, the inter- 
nodes and peduncles glabrous; leaves elliptic to obo- 
vate or even suborbicular, generally dentate all around 
with 4—8 teeth on each side, stipules broader and thicker 
at base, sometimes making a corky ring at the nodes; 
horns more slender and elongate.............. 21. C. pinetorum 

U. Fruits with very prominent crests represented by two or more 
wrinkled and contorted ridges with knob-like teeth and 
processes that are more or less confluent with the bases of 
the horns, the horns coxcomb-like and flattened radially ; 
seeds obovate, 4.5 mm. long, 2.75 mm. broad....22. C. Jepsonii 


LINUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Huds. In California, this species, a 
native of regions about the Mediterranean, has not been dis- 
tinguished from L. usitatissimum L. although it is common along 
the coast as far south as San Mateo Co. While the common flax 
seems to occur only as a sporadic plant in the vicinity of fields 


208 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. II 


where it has been cultivated, the narrow-leaved flax has appar- 
ently become a permanent herbaceous element in the endigenous 
vegetation of maritime hills and flats. The two species are not 
always regarded as specifically distinct, but I believe that only a 
taxonomic confusion results when the differences found in the 
fruits are not the basis for specific separation. In L. angusti- 
folium the flowers and fruits are only about half as large as 
those in L. usitatissimum and the inner suture of the dehiscing 
carpels, which in L. usitatissimum is glabrous, is long-ciliate in 
L. angustifolium. 

The following selected citations of collections in Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. indicate the range of the narrow-leaved flax as we 
know it in western America. Oregon: near Sutherlin, Douglas 
Co., Eastwood & Howell in 1936. California: Fort Bragg, 
Mendocino Co., Anna Head in 1921; near Bodega Bay, Sonoma 
Co., Eastwood & Howell in 1939; Montara Point, San Mateo 
Co., Copeland in 1903. The collections from Humboldt County, 
California, cited by Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 397, have not been seen 
but may belong to L. angustifolimm.—John Thomas Howell. 


Lotus ancustissimus L. A short time ago a specimen of 
this species was received from the Dudley Herbarium which had 
been collected in August, 1937, by Mrs. R. S. Ferris, No. 9379, 
on the Sonoma County coast 1.5 miles north of Fort Ross. The 
plant was recognized as the one sent to us in 1935 by Mr. M. S. 
Baker, No. 8067, which had not been determined since it was in 
flower only. Mr. Baker’s collection was made near Wright’s 
Beach, Sonoma County, as was a fruiting specimen made in 
August, 1938, his No. 9229. In July, 1938, yet another collection 
was made in Sonoma County: near Stillwater Cove, Eastwood 
& Howell No. 6267. This Old World immigrant is very unlike 
any of our native species in its markedly pilose vesture and 
narrowly linear fruit. Its persistent occurrence on the Sonoma 
coast probably means that it is here to stay—John Thomas 
Howell. 


Vot. II No. 12 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Merrocalns versus Oxytropis’. 0.6 2 i te OF 
Louis CUTTER WHEELER 
New Plant Records in Utah andIdaho . . . . . 210 
ARTHUR CRONQUIST 
TGA MITFOPTIA.. os. coc ca Pew ene we de RN Reet eee 
Joun THomaAs HoweE.Li 
SE WE UrCiant hes: hoy cake TN ey dy, Jal OMY ae en ee 
Aice Eastwoop 
RINE EAIITIOS:. |). (kt ers hal): aay ne 22 0 te > Ce Re ae 


ALIce Eastwoop 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
NoveMBER 10, 1939 


it | 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEst. Bor. 


He UU UL OM al Ma a ei | 


peusunnnaggecrapuneygennaperngganengenngycnnepenaggennapennggeccypocagpentaysnngpente ety 


Owned and published by 


Atice Eastwoop and JoHN THomaAs HowELi 


NOVEMBER, 1939] ASTRAGALUS VERSUS OXYTROPIS 209 


ASTRAGALUS VERSUS OXYTROPIS 


BY LOUIS CUTTER WHEELER 


Department of Botany, University of Missouri 
Columbia, Missouri 


The genus Oxytropis A. P. DeCandolle, Astragalogia, 24, 66 
(1802) depends mainly on the apiculation of the keel to distin- 
guish it from Astragalus. But, as noted by M. E. Jones, Re- 
vision of North American Species of Astragalus, 15 (1923), 
A. acutirostris S. Wats. and A. nothoxys A. Gray both have 
acuminate keels. Jones was so impressed by this that he trans- 
ferred A. acutirostris to Oxytropis, Proc. Calif. Acad. ser. 
2,5: 677 (1895). Later, in his Revision, he repudiated this and 
returned it to Astragalus. 

There is somewhat of a habital unity in the often scapose 
character of the species assigned to Oxytropis. However, when 
examined in detail, this supposed habital unity of the so-called 
genus Oxytropis fails in two ways. Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC. 
(based on Astragalus pilosus L.) has long stems. On the other 
hand Astragalus mollissimus Torr. bears such a strong habital 
resemblance to Oxytropis Lamberti Pursh, a species with the 
habit considered typical of Oxytropis, that it may be more than 
a coincidence that these two species share the distinction of being 
the two worst “loco-weeds.” Likewise, Astragalus alpinus L. 
bears a strong resemblance, especially in more cespitose indi- 
viduals, to Oxytropis foliolosa Hook. Hegi, Syn. FI. Mittel- 
Europa 4(3) : 1402 (1923),* in defiance of tradition, treated Oxy- 
tropis DC. as a synonym of Astragalus L. Likewise Tidestrom, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 50: 19 (1937), has rejected Oxytropis 
and transferred several species to Astragalus. Unfortunately 
he did so without ascertaining whether the names were pre- 
occupied. Consequently a few more homonyms were added to 
Astragalus. I shall rename only the one familiar to me, which is: 


Astragalus Munzii L. C. Wheeler, nom. nov.; based on 
Oxytropis oreophila A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 
20: 3 (1885). Type: Aquarius Plateau, Utah, altitude 10,500 
feet, Aug. 9, 1875, L. F. Ward No. 541 (Gray Herbarium!). 


1 Date according to Becherer,‘‘Les dates de publication de flore de l'Europe 
Centrale,” Candollea 5: 344 (1934). 


Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 209-216, November 10, 1939. 


KR a 1, a 
Ry Ys 


SOTA ot} 


GARUB 


210 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. II, NO. 12 


Astragalus oreophilus (A. Gray) Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Wash. 50: 19 (1937); not A. oreophilus (Phil.) Reiche, Anal. 
Univ. Chile 97 : 561 (1897) ; nor A. oreophilus Rydb., Bull. Torr. 
Bot. Club 31: 561 (1904). 

The specimen chosen as type is selected for the reason that, 
of the several referred by Gray to this species, it is the best speci- 
men. The Californian specimens differ but little except that they 
are generally more compact, as would be expected from their 
habitat on the bleak alpine summit of San Gorgonio Peak, San 
Bernardino Mountains. 

It is highly probable that Oxytropis oreophila was published 
in 1884. The paper which included it was communicated May 14, 
1884, and the next paper (printed with it) was communicated 
June 11, 1884. The articles in the next series by Gray were com- 
municated Oct. 8 and Dec. 10, 1884, and, according to the title 
page of the reprint, the series was issued Jan. 26, 1885. Unfor- 
tunately there is no title page for the separate, at Gray Herba- 
rium, of the first series, and the whole volume of the Proceedings 
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences bears only the 
date 1885. 


NEW PLANT RECORDS IN UTAH AND IDAHO 
BY ARTHUR CRONQUIST 
Utah State Agricultural College, Logan 


Collections of Spherophysa Salsula ( Pall.) DC. have re- 
cently been reported by Alexander? from Colorado and Utah, 
and by Eastwood? from Oregon and Arizona. In July, 1937, 
Mr. Joseph Pechanec, of the U. S. Forest Service, called to the 
writer’s attention a red-flowered astragaline plant which he had 
observed for several years along highway U.S. 91, one mile north 
of Roberts, Jefferson County, Idaho. A collection was made on 
July 12, 1937, (Cronquist No. 697), and was determined early in 
1938 by Professor Ivar Tidestrom as Swainsona galegifolia 
R. Br., with the brief note, “introduced from Australia.’”’ A close 
check with Alexander’s description of his 1936 collection of 
Spherophysa Salsula indicates that the plant from Roberts is 


1 Alexander, E. J., Torreya 37: 35 (1937). 
2 Eastwood, Alice, Leafil. West. Bot. 2:38 (1937). 


NOVEMBER, 1939] NEW PLANT RECORDS 211 


doubtless the same as that of Alexander. It is interesting to note 
that another recent introduction from Asia, Hymenophysa pubes- 
cens C. A. Mey.® was found growing within a rod of the Sphero- 
physa. Specimens from the Spherophysa collection have been 
deposited in the herbaria of the Utah State Agricultural College 
and the University of Idaho, Southern Branch. 

Oryzopsis Webberi (Thurb.) Benth. is reported by A. S. 
Hitchcock* from Colorado, Nevada, and California. Mr. Pe- 
chanec collected this plant in 1935 on the grounds of the U. S. 
Sheep Experiment Station, near DuBois, Clark County, Idaho. 
Verification was received from Mrs. Agnes Chase at the Grass 
Herbarium of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1937. On 
July 28, 1937, the writer made a collection (Cronquist No. 767) 
consisting mostly of overmature fruiting plants from the same 
station as Pechanec’s original collection. Specimens have been 
deposited in the herbaria of the Utah State Agricultural College 
and the University of Idaho, Southern Branch. 

Agropyron albicans Scribn. & Smith is listed by A. S. Hitch- 
cock * as reaching its western limit in Wyoming. A single poorly 
developed but readily recognizable plant of this species was 
brought to the writer in the summer of 1937 by an A. A. A. 
employee who found it in Camas Meadows, Clark County, Idaho. 
The specimen is retained in the writer’s personal collection. 

J. T. Howell® has recently recorded some new localities for 
Tragopogon dubius L. and adequately pointed out the characters 
which distinguish it from T. pratensis L. Tidestrom® does not 
list JT. dubius from Utah or Nevada, and Rydberg’ records it 
only from Colorado. According to Rydberg’s treatment and 
Howell’s more detailed description, the common yellow-flowered 
Tragopogon in the vicinity of Logan, Utah, and Pocatello, Idaho, 
is undoubtedly T. dubius. Occasional plants of T. pratensis are 
also to be found in Logan. 


8 Fogg, John M., Jr., Rhodora 39: 190-192 (1937). 

4 Hitchcock, A. S., Manual of the Grasses of the United States (1936). 
5 Howell, J. T., Leafi. West. Bot., 2: 89 (1938). 

6 Tidestrom, Ivar, Flora of Utah and Nevada (1925). 


a. P. A., Flora of the Rocky Mountains and Adjacent Plains 


212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. II, NO. 12 


CARDUUS IN CALIFORNIA 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


It was not long after I had reported the occurrence of Car- 
duus neglectus in California (Leafl. West. Bot. 1 :22,—1932) 
when I began to doubt the correctness of this name which had 
been applied (im herb.) by Dr. F. Petrak to a collection made by 
Miss Eastwood at Fort Bragg. In 1935, while studying at Kew 
and at the British Museum, I looked into the problem and decided 
that the obnoxious Californian weed was definitely not C. neg- 
lectus but was probably C. pycnocephalus L. Several months ago, 
Dr. S. F. Blake wrote to me that he had determined certain 
Californian collections as C. tenuiflorus Curt., and more recently 
the problem was again brought to my attention by Dr. Mary L. 
Bowerman, who, in trying to identify specimens she had collected 
on Mt. Diablo, made the critical observation that two entities 
seemed to be present. In order to answer Dr. Bowerman’s ques- 
tions and to correct my error in the reported determination, I 
undertook a critical examination of the Californian specimens of 
Carduus, a study which has shown that both C. pycnocephalus 
and C. tenuiflorus are naturalized in northern California. 

Although these species frequently exhibit evident characters 
by which they may be easily recognized, they are closely related 
and under varying environmental conditions individuals of one 
species may be found which almost exactly simulate in general 
appearance those of the other species. Although I regard these 
Old World thistles as two distinct species, all botanists do not 
hold that opinion and two recent workers in floristic problems of 
the Mediterranean area have indicated this: Borg (Descript. FI. 
Maltese Isls. 618,—1927) treats C. tenuwiflorus as a variety of 
C. pycnocephalus, while Knoche (FI. Balearica 2 :487,—1922) 
expresses the definite opinion that the two are distinct. Both 
plants are annuals with spiny-winged stems which vary from 
0.5 to 2 m. in height and bear small more or less clustered 
heads with light purplish-rose flowers. In the Old World, C. 
pycnocephalus is nearly confined to lands bordering the Medi- 
terranean Sea and C. tenuiflorus is found widespread through 
central Europe. In California, C. pycnocephalus has been seen 
only from Sonoma, Contra Costa and San Francisco counties, 
but C. tenuiflorus has been seen from Humboldt, Mendocino, 


NOVEMBER, 1939 | CARDUUS IN CALIFORNIA 213 


Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Contra Costa, 
Alameda, and San Benito counties. 

The two species may be distinguished by the following 
synopses : 

CARDUUS PYCNOCEPHALUS L. Stems usually with narrow spiny wings 
which are frequently narrower and more or less interrupted below the 
heads; heads at ends of branches usually few (1—5) ; involucral bracts 
not membranous-margined, more or less persistently floccose-tomentose. 
the tips of the outer and middle bracts more rigid, the margins and backs 
bearing tiny rough upwardly appressed trichomes especially on the promi- 
nent mid-vein; corolla-lobes generally about 3 times as long as the corolla- 
throat; achenes light tan or buff, usually with about 20 nerves, pappus 
1.5—2 cm. long. 

CARDUUS TENUIFLORUS Curt. Stems usually with broad spiny wings 
which extend up to the heads; heads usually numerous (5—20) ; involucral 
bracts more or less membranous-margined, tomentum usually scant, the 
tips of the outer and middle bracts glabrous and smooth except on the sub- 
ciliate margins ; corolla-lobes generally 1.5—2.5 times as long as the corolla- 
throat; achenes gray-brown, usually with 10 to 13 nerves, pappus 1—1.5 
cm. long. 

The Californian collections of Carduus generally compare 
favorably with European specimens whose determinations were 
checked with Hegi (Fl. Mitt. Europ. 6:846, 861—863) and with 
Rouy (FI. de France 9:67, 71—73). However, some specimens 
from more inland stations match almost exactly material from 
France determined as “x Carduus Therioti Ry.,” a reputed 
hybrid between C. tenuiflorus and C. pycnocephalus. Here, how- 
ever, such specimens are referred to C. tenuiflorus since the heads 
and involucres are definitely those of that species. Hegi does not 
recognize hybridization between these two species (/. c., p. 864). 
Turrill (Kew Bull. 1938, p. 386) states that C. tenuiflorus is 
one of those species which in England occur “near the coast”’ in 
“sea-air’”’ and it may be that the difference observed in the plants 
from inland stations in California results from the warmer drier 
habitat of the interior. 

Carduus neglectus Ten., to which Petrak referred Miss East- 
wood’s collection from Fort Bragg, is figured by Tenore (FI. 
Napol., atlas 4, tab. 187) as a slender plant with solitary heads 
on elongate unwinged hoary-tomentose peduncles, a plant unlike 
anything I have seen from California. Tenore’s species is now 
generally treated as a synonym of C. acicularis Bert. 


214 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 12 


EUGENIA MYRCIANTHES 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Some years ago Cecil Hart sent me a fruit from a tree grow- 
ing on the Moore place, Rideout Heights, a garden in Whittier, 
California. It was a fleshy fruit, yellow on the outside, about the 
size of a small sickle pear, with a sort of a knob at the top, formed 
by the base of the calyx. The yellow flesh within clung to the 
round nut as in the mango. The globular nut, about the size of 
a small walnut, had such a hard, thick, woody outer coat that it 
could not be opened and a hammer and a saw had to be used. 
This certainly was a puzzle. Later he sent me flowering speci- 
mens which undoubtedly put it into the Myrtle Family near 
Eugenia. It seemed incredible that any member of this group 
could have such a fruit. Specimens with both flowers and fruit 
were needed to convince me, but I was convinced by later speci- 
mens in flower and with immature fruit. Among all the genera 
with fleshy fruit in this family none is described with fruit like 
this. : 

I sent specimens to the New York Botanical Garden and Mr. 
Moldenke kindly sent me this letter with the identification : 

The specimen which you sent for identification arrived in very good 
condition and proved ample for me to determine it. It has proved to be 
Eugenia Myrcianthes Niedenzu. 

The earliest name for the species appears to be Myrcianthes edulis Berg 
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, 1: 353 (1857), based on a Sellow specimen from 
Montevideo, Uruguay. The species was later transferred into the genus 
Eugenia by Bentham & Hooker, and the name Eugenia edulis (Berg) 
Benth. & Hook. f. (ex Griseb., Goetl. Abh. 24: 126,—1879) is still fre- 
quently used for it. However, the specific name edulis cannot be used for 
this species because of the Eugenia edulis of Velloso (Vell. Fl. Flum. 208; 
Icon. 5:t. 34,—1825). The correct name, therefore, seems to be Eugenia 
Myrcianthes Niedenzu (in Engler & Prantl, Nattir. Pflanzenfam. 3, 7: 81,— 
1893). 

It is perhaps also worth noting that the Eugenia edulis Kiaersk., Enum. 
Myrt. Bras. 162 (1895), is still another plant, being based on the Phyllo- 
calyx edulis of Berg (in Mart., Fl. Bras. 14, 1: 327,—1857). If retained in 
the genus Eugenia, it, likewise, cannot retain the specific designation edulis 
and must receive the binomial Eugenia Selloi Hort. ex Jackson, Ind. Kew. 
1: 911 (1893), 2: 513 (1894). All this in spite of the fact that Velloso’s 


Eugenia edulis has now been removed from the genus and bears the name 
Myrciaria edulis (Vell.) Skells, U. S. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 148: 14 (1909) ! 


NOVEMBER, 1939] TWO NEW LUPINES 215 


It seems probable that no botanist has ever before seen fresh, 
ripe fruit. It was originally collected by Sellow, in Uruguay, who 
reported the pulp as acid-sweet and fruit with one or two nuts. 

The genus Myrcianthes with which it was first placed is de- 
scribed as having a membranous outer coat to the subreniform 
nut. In neither of these characteristics does this apply to the nut 
of this fruit, which, as above stated, is globose, about the size of 
a small walnut, with a hard, woody, outer coat; nor is there any 
Eugenia described with a similar fruit. 

To me it seems to belong to a distinct genus, neither Eugenia 
nor M yrcianthes, but in this complicated aggregate of subgenera, 
where such diverse opinions have been expressed by more experi- 
enced botanists, I hesitate to take such a course. 


TWO NEW LUPINES 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Lupinus caudiciferus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules plures ex caudice 
magno et ligneo, graciles, 3—4 dm. alti, simplices, adpresso-piloselli, foliosi, 
terminati racemis verticillatis, pedunculis 2—8 cm. longis; foliolis 5—7, 
oblanceolatis, 15—20 mm. longis, 3—6 mm. latis, apice acutis apiculatis, 
viridibus, adpresso-pilosellis, infra densioribus supra, petiolis gracilibus foli- 
orum inferiorum 6—8 cm. longis, superiorum multo brevioribus, floribus 
8 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus, 2 mm. longis; calycis labio inferiore 
herbaceo, ovato, apice acuto, 4 mm. longo, labio superiore breviore, ovato, 
membranaceo, basi saccato, apice truncato; corolla circa 1 cm. longa, 
vexillo reflexo, orbiculato, 8 mm. diametro, violaceo, luteo-maculato, ungue 
lato, saccato, brevissimo; carina curvata, 3 mm. lata, alba, apice purpura- 
scente, ciliata ex medio ad basin; bracteis deciduis, pilosis, equilongis 
alabastris. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 263363, collected on Elk 
Mountain, Lake County, California, May 17, 1938, by East- 
wood and Howell, No. 5702. 

This dainty lupine springs from a large woody caudex with 
many slender leafy simple stems 3 to 4 dm. high, terminating in 
whorled racemes with the peduncles sometimes surpassing the 
leaves and sometimes very much shorter. The flowers are violet, 
8 mm. long, with a distinct space of about 4 mm. separating the 
banner and the wings. The spot on the banner is conspicuous 
and turns brownish when old. The white back of the keel is 
noticeable. The pubescence is on both sides of the green leaves, 


216 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VvoL. II, NO. 12 


not dense, but more so on the lower surface and appressed. The 
petioles of the lower leaves are long and slender and those of the 
upper much shorter ; the bracts are deciduous, about equal to the 
flowers in bud. 


This belongs to the L. latifolius group and is nearest to 
L. viridtfolius Heller, the type locality of which is Dunsmuir. 
Comparing it with specimens from Dunsmuir, Shasta Springs, 
and other places in the valley of the upper Sacramento, it appears 
quite different from L. viridifolius. The plant is much smaller 
with rather sparse appressed hairs on both sides of the leaves, 
simple stems, leaflets narrowly oblanceolate, pointed at apex, 
peduncles generally much longer and bracts not surpassing the 
flowers in bud. The woody caudex is so marked a feature that 
it suggested the specific name. 

Lupinus Isabelianus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi basi ex cau- 
dice ligneo, foliosi, steriles et floriferi dense congesti, albi pilis sericeis 
argenteis dense adpressis et laxe divaricatis; petiolis gracilibus, infimis 
8—10 em. longis; foliolis 5 ad 8, anguste oblongo-lanceolatis, circa 1 cm. 
longis, apice apiculatis; stipulis basi breviter conjunctis, filiformibus, vil- 
losis, 5 mm. longis; racemis verticillatis, pedunculis folia superantibus, 
bracteis deciduis, circa equalibus alabastris, floribus violaceis, circa 1 cm. 
longis; calycis inferiore segmento oblongo, obtuso, 5 mm. longo, superiore 
breviore, prope disjuncto ad basin; vexillo breviore alis, reflexo, dorso 
piloso, aurantiaco-maculato, in senectute purpureo-maculato, orbiculato, 
8 mm. diametro; alis oblongis, 6 mm. latis; apice carine exserto, relinquo 
tecto alis; carina prope stricta, pauce ciliata infra apicem, ungue 4 mm. 
longo. . 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No.'264244, collected May 17, 
1938, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 5687, above the ranger 
station on Elk Mountain, Lake County, California, amid the 
pines, hanging over a cut on the road. It is very lovely and is 
named in honor of Dr. Isabel McCracken, eminent entomologist 
from Stanford University, who was our delightful companion 
on the trip. 

It belongs in the L. albifrons group and in habit somewhat 
resembles L. collinus Greene. It is smaller in all its parts, pubes- 
cence not so closely appressed. The banner is a beautiful violet 
color with an orange spot about the middle, dotted with violet 
and turning purple when old. It is hairy on the back. 


VoL. II 


LEAFLETS 
of 


No. 13 


WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


The Sterculias Cultivated in California 
ALIcE Eastwoop 


Californian Plants, Mostly New 
A. A, HELLER 


New Information Regarding Calyptridium and Spraguea 
Rosert F. Hoover 


New Species of Lupinus 
A ice Eastwoop 


Studies in Ceanothus—III 
JoHN THomas Howe. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
JANuArRY 31, 1940 


PAGE 


217 


219 


222 


226 


228 


LEAFLETS 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. 


Vt 
INCHES 


TUCO LE COS OS 


eee oe ee ee ee ae Ag Mt Belg Gil! li) 


Owned and published by 


Atice Eastwoop and Joun THomaAs Howe. 


JANUARY, 1940] STERCULIAS IN CALIFORNIA 217 


THE STERCULIAS CULTIVATED IN CALIFORNIA 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


Species of Sterculia are more commonly cultivated in Southern 
California than in the north and with one exception belong to 
the subdivision Brachychiton, They are also known under that 
name. Two species are well known, S. acerifolia A. Cunn., the 
Flame Tree, and S. diversiloba G. Don, the Bottle Tree. The 
former one has maple-like leaves and large panicles of brilliant 
red flowers, generally in bloom when the trees are leafless. The 
latter has usually ovate acuminate leaves and greenish-yellow 
bell-shaped flowers in axillary panicles. The trunk is stout, 
broadening to the base. It isa common street tree in Los Angeles. 
The pods of these two are smooth. The trees with large pods, 
brown on the outside from a rusty tomentum, have been known 
under three different names, S. Bidwillii Hook., S. discolor 
F. Muell. and S. lurida F. Muell. All have tomentose flowers 
and pods. Sterculia Bidwilli is illustrated in Curt. Bot. Mag. 
t. 5133. The red narrow tubular bell-shaped flowers are in large 
almost sessile clusters on naked stems or in the axils of upper 
leaves. It is said to be a shrub or tree from a large tuberous root. 
Probably no true S. Bidwillii is cultivated in California, as I have 
seen none with flowers resembling those illustrated. The other 
two seem to be the same. The differences between them fail 
when many trees are observed. Since S. discolor was published 
first, that will be the name if they prove to be the same. Bentham 
in Flora Australiensis 1 : 228 expresses a doubt as to these closely 
related plants being specifically distinct. Dr. J. R. Brown’s 
observations, which I quote, sustain this view: “After close 
examination of all trees: Elysian Park, Huntington Botanic 
Garden, University of California, Los Angeles Botanic Garden 
and many smaller lots, there appears to be but one species. The 
leaves vary from entire to seven-lobed and a great many vari- 
ations between. Color changes are produced on the under surface 
of many leaves, some more than others; often turning from 
green to white with apparent loss of the tomentum; this on the 
whole or only part of the under surface. This condition as a rule 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol, II, pp. 217-240, January 31, 1940. 


218 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 13 


most marked on parts of the tree with the greatest sun exposure. 
A great many trees do not have leaves showing this condition ; 
some having green leaves on both sides and those with white 
leaves on the lower surface are often both on the same tree. 
Almost mature fruit, open flowers and others about to open are 
seen on the same tree, long bloomers. Many trees do not blossom 
each year, others set little or no fruit. The total number of 
mature fruits is never great. Many trees are naked but a short 
time, almost evergreen, while others take plenty of time, weeks 
and months to return to full foliage. The flowers appear as the 
leaves are being shed and continue to complete return of foliage.” 

Specimens showing leaf variations and flowers were sent to 
me to substantiate Dr. Brown’s observations. The flowers and 
fruits of both species are the same, and in the key to the species 
in Flora Australiensis the only differences are in the character 
of the leaves: 

S. lurida with leaves green on both sides, palmately 5- or 7- 
lobed, and S. discolor with leaves white underneath, angular or 
obscurely 5- or 7-lobed. 

Sterculia platanifolia L., the Japanese Varnish Tree, is known 
also as Firmiana platanifolia Schott & Endl. This has very 
different pods. Instead of follicles with the seeds at the bottom 
of the open pod as in Brachychiton, this has the seeds on the 
edges of the widely spreading leaf-like valves. It is more widely 
cultivated in the southeastern United States than in California. 
In the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences are 
specimens from Niles Nursery, the Bard Garden at Hueneme, 


Ventura County, and also one from Wilson’s collection in West 
Hupeh, China. 


LatHyrus ApHaca L. This odd-looking, yellow-flowered, 
Eurasian pea is naturalized in middle and southern Oregon west 
of the Cascades but heretofore I have not known it from Cali- 
fornia. During the summer of 1938 it was collected in Fort 
Bragg, Mendocino Co., where it flourished as a garden weed 
(Eastwood & Howell No. 6168). Its further occurrence in Cali- 
fornia on moist slopes of the northern coastal hills is to be 
expected.—John Thomas Howell. 


5) 


JANUARY, 1940] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 219 


CALIFORNIAN PLANTS, MOSTLY NEW 
BY A. A, HELLER 


Spraguea pulcherrima Heller, spec. nov. Annua?; caulibus purpura- 
scentibus, ad 27 cm. altis, erectis vel suberectis, bracteatis omnino; foliis 
rosulatis, oblanceolatis, ad 9 cm. longis, ad 15 mm. latis, attenuatis in 
petiolos alatos bis longiores, apice subacutis, costa prominenti ; inflorescentia 
late capitata, multiflora; pedicellis filiformibus, purpurascentibus, 10—12 
mm. longis; floribus saturo-roseo-purpurascentibus ; sepalis 2, orbiculari- 
bus, 7 mm. diametro, subcordatis basi, emarginatis apice; petalis oblongo- 
spatulatis, circa 6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis supra, 1.5 mm. latis basi, 2 petalis 
costatis, 2 non prominenter costatis sed sub medio abruptius contractis ; 
staminibus luteis, maturis circa 1.5 mm. longis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15132, 
collected May 30, 1938, in granite sand along the Feather River 
near Bucks Creek Power House, Plumas Co., California, on 
State Highway No. 24. It was fairly common for several miles 
along the highway and was not noted in formation other than 
granite. 

Delphinium armeniacum Heller, spec. nov. Perenne ad 35 cm. altum, 
ex rhizomatibus longis horizontalibus breviter positis, glabrum omnino; 
caulibus purpurascentibus, foliosis ad inflorescentiam ; foliis distantibus, non 
succulentis, inferioribus orbicularibus, 3—7 cm. diametro, partibus princi- 
palibus cuneatis vel cuneato-oblongis, 3—5-lobatis, lobis acutis vel sub- 
acutis, mucronatis, superioribus sepe 3-lobatis, lobis linearibus acutis; 
inflorescentia patenti, ad 17 cm. longa; pedicellis filiformibus, infimis 5—6 
em. longis, brevioribus supra, subulato-bracteatis basi et 1 vel 2 bracteas 
distantes supra ferentibus ; floribus armeniacis, maturis circa 25 mm. longis, 
horizontalibus in pedicellis; sepalis circa 10 mm. longis, plus minusve 
ciliatis margine, obtusis vel subacutis, calcare directo, circa 15 mm. longo, 
spe gracili apice sed interdum crassiusculo, obtusiore, paululum curvyato ; 
petalis coloratis similibus sepalis, superioribus biserratis, apice paulum 
irregulariter laceratis ciliatis, inferioribus obovatis, apice paulum coartatis 
mucronulatis obtusis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15149, 
collected June 4, 1938, on a sparsely wooded, dry slope about a 
mile east of Fredonyer Pass, elevation 5600 ft. Fredonyer Pass 
is in Lassen Co., California, between Westwood and Susanville, 
on State Highway No. 36. Arid Transition Life Zone. 

This species is apparently intermediate between D. nudicaule 
T. & G. and D. cardinale Hook. Its flower and leaf characters 
differ greatly from those of D. nudicaule, within whose range it 
occurs. The name refers to the more or less apricot color of the 
flowers. So far as observed by me, its root character is peculiar. 


220 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


Polygala lasseniana Heller, spec. nov. Fruticulus subprostratus, 
20—30 cm. latus, 10 cm. altus, foliosus omnino, caulibus imbricate impli- 
catis, dilute viridibus, puberulentibus pilis paucis directis vel partibus 
superioribus subglabris, in spinas aciculares 5—12 mm. longas terminanti- 
bus; foliis alternantibus, coloratis similibus caulibus sed minus pubes- 
centibus, elliptico-oblanceolatis, vix petiolatis, maioribus in medio caulis 
12—15 mm. longis, circa 5 mm. latis; floribus dilute roseo-purpurascentibus 
et luteis, irregulariter racemosis circa terminos caulium, 7—10 mm. longis, 
glabris preter basin calycis minute pubescentem, pedicellis gracillimis, 
zquilongis floribus, minute hirtellis; sepalis superioribus et inferioribus 
6 vel 7 mm. longis, dilutioribus quam sepala lateralia et petala, sepalis 
lateralibus saturo-coloratis, 10 mm. longis; petalis circa 8 mm. longis, 
superiore bifido ad medium, lobis 1 mm. latis, oblongis, saturo-roseo- 
purpurascentibus, inferiore luteo, cristato; capsulis 8—9 mm. longis, 6 mm. 
latis, venulosissimis, apice emarginatis, basi breviter stipitatis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15213, 
collected June 23, 1938, in a stony wash in Balls Canyon south 
of Secret Valley, Lassen Co., California, along U. S. Highway 
No. 395. Upper Sonoran Life Zone; a species of sagebrush 
(Artemisia) the prevailing plant. The relationship of the plant 
is with P. acanthoclada Gray. 


PH#osTOMA Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phaner. 4: 392 (1835). 
About the only thing, as I see it, that this genus has in common 
with typical Clarkia, C. pulchella Pursh, is the obconic calyx- 
tube. The two new species described below belong to the Cali- 
fornian medley long known as Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl., the 
original of which was collected by Douglas more than a century 
ago “from the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky 
Mountains.” 


Phzostoma atropurpureum Heller, spec. nov. Annuum, circa 35 cm. 
altum, ramosum prope basin, simplex in juventute; caulibus et ramis pur- 
purascentibus, adpresso-puberulentibus; foliis tenuibus, elliptico-oblongis 
vel lanceolato-oblongis, acutis et mucronulatis, tenuiter puberulentibus, 
laminis circa 13 mm. longis, petiolis gracilibus, infimis laminis zquilongis 
supremis brevioribus; pedicellis circa 5 mm. longis; tuba calycis 2.5 mm. 
longa, sepalis lineari-acuminatis, ad 15 mm. longis, circa medium 2 mm. 
latis; petalis atropurpureis, obovato-cuneatis, 7 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis 
circa medium, apice 2—3 mm. latis, subacutis; filamentis gracilibus, pur- 
pureis, 5 mm. longis, squamis basalaribus albo-villosis, 1 mm. longis, basi 
latis, antheris 5 mm. longis, flavis, curvatis in senectute; stylo purpureo 
equilongo staminibus; capsulis adpresso-puberulentibus, curvatis, 20 mm. 
longis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15129, 
collected May 30, 1938, on a steep slope in coarse granite sand 


JANUARY, 1940] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 221 


near shrubs, about two miles west of Arch Rock Tunnel, Butte 
Co., California, on State Highway No. 24. The petals are usually 
mottled with darker spots near the reddish base. 


Phzostoma Mildredz Heller, spec. nov. Simile P. atropurpureo sed 
differt in floribus: tuba calycis 4 mm. longa, segmentis lineari-acuminatis, 
2.5 mm. latis sub medio; petalis atropurpureis, lamina flabelliformi, 10 mm. 
longis, 8 mm. latis circa apicem, sub medio 2.5 mm. latis, basi 4.5 mm. 
latis ; squamis albo-villosis, 2.5 mm. longis, gracilibus, basi 0.5 mm. latis, 
apice basi paulum latioribus; filamentis purpureis, 7 mm. longis, antheris 
rubescentibus, 7 mm. longis, paululum curvatis in senectute ; stylo purpureo, 
staminibus paulum longiore; capsula crassa, curvata, circa 20 mm. longa, 
adpresso-puberulenti. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15153, 
collected July 2, 1938, west of Arch Rock Tunnel, Butte Co., 
California, on State Highway No. 24. It grew in coarse granite 
sand on a steep slope. It is named in honor of my daughter, 
Mrs. Mildred G. Pritchett, who was with me when the plants 
were collected. In general it resembles P. atropurpureum, col- 
lected six weeks earlier in the same area, but differs greatly in 
flower characters, as may be noted by comparing the descriptions. 


Phzostoma modestum (Jep.) Heller, comb. nov. Clarkia 
modesta Jep., Manual, 673 (1925). May 27, 1914, I found this 
interesting species about nine miles east of Alder Springs, Glenn 
Co. It was distributed as a new species of Pheostoma under 
No. 11458, but was never published. The type, Jepson No. 2690, 
is from Waltham Creek, San Carlos Range. 


Gentiana tiogana Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, nana, circa 5 cm. alta, 
omnino glabra; caulibus simplicibus vel divaricate ramosis ex radice 
robusta ad 25 mm. longa, foliosis; foliis tenuibus, viridescentibus, oblongo- 
spatulatis, acutis, infimis 25 mm. longis, supremis linearibus, acutis, sub- 
connatis basi; pedicellis 1 mm. longis, crassiusculis ; tuba calycis 8—9 mm. 
longa, viridescenti vel purpureo-lineata apice segmentorum, hyalina inter 
segmenta, segmentis lineari-acuminatis, 5 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis; corolla 
25 mm. longa, tubiformi, 5—6 mm. diametro, lineis obscuro-purpureis 2 mm. 
latis ad apicem segmentorum apiculatorum 5 mm. longorum lineata, appen- 
dicibus inter segmenta 1 vel 2, acuminatis, 1 mm. longis ; staminibus insertis 
8—9 mm. ex basi corollz, filamentis circa 6 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, angus- 
tissimis sub antheris, antheris eburneis, 2 mm. longis; stylo flavescenti, 
paulo breviore filamentis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15453, 
collected August 10, 1939, at Tioga Pass, Mono Co., California, 
elevation 9900 feet. It grew among short grasses about a lakelet 


222 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


only a few yards east of the Yosemite National Park boundary. 
This delicate little plant is related to Gentiana Newberryi Gray. 
It probably occurs in meadows within the Park, but being very 
small and inconspicuous, may easily be overlooked. It was found 
while collecting G. holopetala Holm which was plentiful about 
the lakelet. 


NEW INFORMATION REGARDING CALYPTRIDIUM 
AND SPRAGUEA 


BY ROBERT F. HOOVER 
ter 


In May, 1938, a plant was found in the Sierra Nevada 
foothills of Mariposa County, California, which proved to be 
Spraguea pulchella Eastwood, a species known previously only 
from J. W. Congdon’s original specimens collected near the 
“Pea Ridge Road” in Mariposa County. When it was found that 
this species, although very similar to most species of Calyptridium 
in general aspect, had never been named under that genus, a 
study of the nature of the differences between Spraguea Torr. 
and Calyptridium Nutt. was made, in order that the correct name 
might be applied to the plant under consideration. 

By many botanists Spraguea has been combined with Calyp- 
tridium. This course was first adopted by E. L. Greene (1886), 
for the reason that ‘‘genera cannot be rested on mere length of 
styles and filaments.” Such characters, together with number 
of ovules or seeds, have constituted the principal basis for the 
recognition of Spraguea as a genus. Most recently the sepa- 
ration of the two groups as genera has been maintained by 
Rydberg (1932). Disregarding for the time the question of the 
generic distinctness of Spraguea, the writer undertook to find 
how nearly S. pulchella corresponds with other species in the 
supposed generic characters. 

In fruit characters, the plant under consideration is certainly 
a typical member of Spraguea. The capsule is orbicular and 
strongly flattened in such a manner as to form a broad wing-like 
margin around the solitary black seed. The flowers, however, 
are unlike those of Spraguea. The style is elongated but hardly 
equals the petals and is not at all exserted, thus showing a con- 
dition intermediate between Spraguea and Calyptridium. The 
stamens are of the kind found in Calyptridium, the broad anthers 


JANUARY, 1940] CALYPTRIDIUM AND SPRAGUEA 223 


being nearly sessile and considerably shorter than the petals. 
The petals in fruit are coherent and form a readily deciduous 
calyptra, as is usual in Calyptridium. 

From these observations it was concluded that flower and 
fruit characters are not decisive, and an effort was made to find 
other possible differences between Spraguea and Calyptridium. 
Apparently no attention has been given heretofore to the vege- 
tative organization of the plant. In all the strictly annual species 
of Calyptridium, the main axis of the plant terminates in flower- 
ing branches. The large leaves of the basal rosette and the 
smaller ones on the lower part of the branches may be somewhat 
crowded, but on examination the structure is always evident. 
The growth of the plant is thus determinate. In contrast, 
Spraguea umbellata Torr. and all its segregates bear flowering 
branches laterally in the axils of the basal leaves, never termi- 
nally. The continued growth of the basal rosette above the bases 
of the flowering branches is evident even in plants collected late 
in the season. Although some forms of Spraguea may grow 
as annuals or at least flower the first year, it seems probable 
that all are potentially perennial, as are certain usually annual 
ferms of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. If Spraguea and 
Calyptridium are to be regarded as distinct, the difference in 
vegetative structure must be emphasized, as it appears to be more 
distinctive than features of flower or fruit. 

Spraguea pulchella is in vegetative organization exactly like 
Calyptridium monandrum Nutt. and C. quadripetalum Wats., 
and like those species bears well developed leaves on the branches 
even to the lower nodes of the inflorescence. It was this vege- 
tative resemblance which first led the writer in the field to regard 
the plant as a species of Calyptridium. Spraguea pulchella is 
thus a typical Calyptridium in habit, a typical Spraguea in fruit, 
and intermediate, though perhaps somewhat nearer Calyptridium, 
in flower characters. Such combination in this species of the 
distinctive features of the two groups seems a fairly conclusive 
argument against the validity of the genus Spraguea. It has been 
pointed out previously by Greene (1886) and by Jepson (1914) 
that certain species connect the two groups, but in no other 
species is there such a combination of flower, fruit, and vege- 
tative characters as in S. pulchella. The rediscovery of this rare 
species thus proved to have an important bearing on the classifi- 


224 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


cation of the entire group. The conclusion seems clear that, 
since vegetative organization, the most significant difference be- 
tween Spraguea and Calyptridium, is not strictly correlated with 
flower and fruit differences, as shown by S. pulchella, Spraguea 
should be regarded not as a distinct genus but as a section of 
Calyptridium. However, if Spraguea is to be regarded as a dis- 
tinct genus, it must be based principally on the vegetative organt- 
zation of the plant. Therefore, in the opinion of the writer, 
S. pulchella is properly referred to Calyptridium even if Spraguea 
be separated from that genus. The necessary combination is 
accordingly here made. 

Calyptridium pulchellum (Eastwood) Hoover, comb. nov. 
Spraguea pulchella Eastwood, Bull. Torr. Club 29:79 (1902). 
In the original description it is said that this species “comes 
nearest to Calyptridium monospermum Greene,” to which it has 
been referred subsequently as a synonym by Rydberg (1932). 
A study of the type collections of both species and of my col- 
lection of C. pulchellum (Hoover No. 3442) shows a number 
of significant differences between the two. The difference in 
habitat is itself notable. While C. pulchellum is a vernal annual 
of the foothills at an altitude of 2000 ft., C. monospermum is an 
alpine plant occurring at 10,500 ft. The latter has slender anthers 
which equal the petals, a definitely exserted style, and petals 
which remain distinct at the apex in withering. In all these 
features of the flower, as well as in the complete absence of 
foliage leaves from the flowering branches, C. monospermum 
corresponds with Spraguea and is quite unlike C. pulchellum. 
However, a much more important difference is found in the 
vegetative organization of the plant. The condition in C. pul- 
chellum has been described above as typical of Calyptridium. 
Calyptridium monospermum, on the other hand, clearly shows 
a rosette of leaves of indeterminate growth without terminal 
flowering branches. It is thus a typical member of Spraguea. 
Although C, monospermum is here discussed as a species, it is 
doubtful whether it is more than a reduced alpine form of 
C. umbellatum (Torr.) Greene. The problem of classification 
of Spraguea can properly be undertaken only by one who has 
facilities for field study of all the forms in their various habitats, 
in order that the differences may be properly evaluated. 


JANUARY, 1940} CALYPTRIDIUM AND SPRAGUEA 225 


Calyptridium pulchellum is an attractive little plant with 
spreading stems not over three inches long and showy rose- 
colored flowers. The nature of its occurrence is worthy of note. 
It was found in only one place on a south slope in sandy soil 
surrounding outcrops of dark-colored stratified rocks, apparently 
slate. The situation was exposed but surrounded by Quercus 
Wislizenit A. DC., the only species of tree occurring on the slope. 
The locality was determined from the topographic map as the 
hill lying between Mariposa Creek and the source of Humbug 
Creek, The upper slopes of the hill were covered by large colonies 
of Lupinus deflexus Congdon and a pale-flowered form of 
L. Stiversii Kell., which because of the whitish flowers had the 
appearance of dry straw as seen from a distance. The local occur- 
rence of L. deflexus is of exceptional interest, because it is an- 
other rare species collected by Congdon near the “Pea Ridge 
Road.” It seems probable that the locality where these plants 
were observed by the writer is the same as Congdon’s Pea Ridge, 
a name not found on the maps. In addition to the two species 
of Lupinus previously mentioned, L. nanus Dougl. and L. Ben- 
thamu Heller were also locally abundant. Because of the un- 
usually plentiful occurrence of plants of the Pea Family, the 
name “Pea Ridge” would be quite appropriate. 


REFERENCES 


Eastwood, A. Some New Species of Californian Plants, Bull. 
Torr. Club 29: 75—82 (1902). 

Greene, E. L. Some Californian Polypetalae, Bull. Torr. Club 
13: 141—144 (1886). 

Jepson, W. L. Calyptridium, FI. Cal. 1:463—465 (1914). 

Rydberg, P. A. Spraguea, Calyptridium, N. Am. FI. 21: 316— 
320 (1932). 


ANTIRRHINUM OrontTiIuM L. In April, 1939, Mr. C. A. 
Reed discovered the Lesser Snapdragon in Santa Cruz Co. about 
10 miles north of Santa Cruz. Although we do not know of its 
occurrence elsewhere in California, it is a weed of Eurasian and 
Mediterranean lands that is likely to spread and become common 
if once it is established. To the French it is known as Téte-de- 
Mort and to the Italians, Gallinella—John Thomas Howell. 


226 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 13 


NEW SPECIES OF LUPINUS 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


lay 

Lupinus angustiflorus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules solidi, erecti, 
straminei, costati, leviter adpresso-pubescentes, ramosi supra; ramis erectis, 
terminantibus racemis, brevi-pedunculatis laxe floriferis; foliolis 5 ad 7, 
lineari-oblongis, obtusis, apiculatis, 2—9 cm. longis, circa 5 mm. latis, supra 
glabris, infra leviter adpresso-pubescentibus, villis brevibus, tenuibus ; petiolis 
zqualibus vel brevioribus foliolis, leviter pubescentibus; stipulis subulatis 
brevibus, paulo basi conjunctis; floribus albis (?), circa 12 mm. longis; 
pedicellis erectis, filiformibus, 5—10 mm. longis, bracteis persistentibus, 
lineari-acuminatis, petiolis brevioribus; calyce basi in alabastro cuneato, 
segmento superiore 2-fisso, inferiore apice truncato, 3-dentato, leviter 
pubescente; vexillo zquali alis, suborbiculato, circa 1 cm. lato, coartante 
ad unguem circa 1 mm. latum, sinu supra unguem, superiore parte dilatato, 
dorso medio villoso; carina tecta alis oblongis, 1 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis, 
ungue 1—2 mm. longo; carina glabra, prope stricta, apice acuta. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 189454, collected by Mrs. 


E. C. Van Dyke, June 13, 1931, at Kelly Camp, Mt. Lassen 
National Park, California. 


This belongs perhaps to the L. laxiflorus group but is en- 
tirely without either the spurred or saccate base of the calyx. 
The pubescence is similar on stems, upper leaf-surface, pedicels 
and calyx, consisting of fine short sparse appressed hairs. The 
lower part of the plant is unknown, the type sheet has three erect 
stems with many erect branches, all yellowish and rather slender 
and ending in laxly flowered, short-stemmed racemes about 1 
dm. long. The flowers which appear to be white taper from a 
rather broad top to the base of the calyx and are longer than the 
calyx and erect. The bracts are persistent and shorter than the 
pedicels. The fruit is unknown. I have seen no other lupine 
with flowers like this. 

Lupinus indigoticus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ex rhizomate ligneo, 
fistulosi, 5 cm. diametro, 6—8 dm. alti, purpurascentes, puberulentes, infra 
sine foliis, supra ramosi et foliosi; racemis terminalibus, pedunculatis et 
floribundis ; floribus densis, diffusis; bracteis filiformibus, alabastra super- 
antibus, mature deciduis; foliolis 6 ad 9, plerumque 8, anguste oblanceo- 
latis, apice acutis obtusisve, mucronatis, 2—5 cm. longis, 3—5 mm. latis, 
sericeis et argenteis villis adpressis, densioribus infra; petiolis commune 
circa zequilongis foliolis, stipulis filiformibus, adnatis ad medium; calycibus 
circa 6 mm. longis, basi minimis, lobis obtusis, integris prope zequalibus ; 
pedicellis strigosis, brevioribus calycibus; corolla circa 7—8 mm. longa, 
indigotica, vexillo glabro sessili, brevioribus alis ; carina alisque cohzrenti- 


JANUARY, 1940] NEW SPECIES OF LUPINUS 227 


bus basi, unguiculatis, vexillo et alis margine undulatis; alis 5 mm. latis, 
carina glabra, tecta alis, preter apicem purpureum; leguminibus ignotis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 216318, collected April 17, 
1934, three miles east of Walterville, Lane County, Oregon, in 
the Mackenzie River Valley by Eastwood and Howell, No. 1588. 


This is a tall bushy perennial herb with stout, hollow, purplish 
stems, leafless at base, branching above, each branch ending in 
a long raceme on peduncles about as long. The leaves are rather 
pale green from the appressed short silvery hairs on both sides, 
the lower denser than the upper. The attenuate bracts can be 
seen only on quite young racemes where they surpass the buds. 
They fall before the flowers open. 


This perhaps comes nearest to L. Andersoni Watson. The 
flowers are much smaller and the pubescence different. 

Lupinus mariposanus Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, circa 9 dm. 
altus ; caulibus solidis, infra sine foliis, supra divaricate ramosis, purpureis, 
strigosis; foliolis 7 ad 9, oblanceolatis, circa 2 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis, apice 
mucronatis, adpresso-pubescentibus, villis sericeis; petiolis nonnumquam 
longioribus foliolis, strigosis; stipulis lineari-attenuatis ; racemis peduncu- 
latis, 1.5—2 dm. longis, floribus verticillatis vel diffusis, circa 1 cm. longis, 
9 mm. latis, violaceis; pedicellis 2 mm. longis; calyce bracteolato, labio 
superiore 2-dentato, labio inferiore integro, obtuso, paulo longiore et latiore 
superiore; corolla violacea, circa 1 cm. longa; vexillo orbiculato, 7 mm. 
diametro, reflexo, basi saccato; alis 9 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, basi auricu- 
latis ; carina curvata, glabra, paulo tecta alis, apice purpurea, ungue brevi; 
bracteis ovatis, preecoce caducis ; leguminibus ignotis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 262645, collected May 29, 
1938, 4 miles from Nipinnawasee on the road to Mariposa, Mari- 
posa County, California, by John Thomas Howell, No. 13880. 


This is a tall bushy perennial herb, about 9 dm. high, with 
stems naked below, branching widely above, purplish, pubescent 
with short close spreading hairs; leaflets 7 to 9, oblanceolate, 
about 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, mucronate, clothed with silvery 
silky hairs closely appressed but not dense; petioles pubescent 
like the stems, a little longer than the leaflets; stipules sepa- 
rate, linear-attenuate ; racemes 1.5—2 dm. long, terminating the 
branches ; flowers violet-blue, verticillate or diffuse, about 1 cm. 
long, 7 mm. wide, on pedicels 2 mm. long; calyx bracteolate, 
upper lip 2-toothed, lower entire, obtuse, a little longer and 
broader than the upper; corolla about 1 cm. long, 7 mm. wide; 
banner roundish, 7 mm. across, strongly reflexed, the claw sac- 


228 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 13 


cate; wings 9 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, auriculate and with a short 
claw ; keel curved, smooth, white at tip, scarcely covered by the 
wings; bracts ovate, acuminate, evident only on the racemes in 
bud ; pod unknown. 

This is one of the species aggregated under L. albicaulis 
Dougl. This perplexing group is in general characterized by the 
glabrous, strongly curved keel, covered but little by the wings, 
branching stems, leaves with petioles equaling or shorter than 
the leaflets, pubescence various but stems and foliage never 
smooth. 


STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS—III 


BY JOHN THOMAS EN a 


The following notes on the species and varieties of Ceanothus 
included in my recent key to the subgenus Cerastes on the Pacific 
Coast (Leafl. West. Bot. 2:204—207) are presented chiefly for 
the enlightenment of those who may erroneously believe that all 
problems in the group have been solved. 


1. CEANOTHUS VESTITUS Greene, Pitt. 2:101 (1890). 
Following Trelease (1897, p. 416), Standley (1923, p. 722), and 
Munz (1935, p. 302), I am not recognizing C. Greggit Gray as 
a member of the Californian flora. I have not seen the type of 
Gray’s species from the “Battlefield of Buena Vista,’ Mexico, 
but from the original description and from the examination of 
specimens collected in Mexico, it would appear quite probable 
that C. Greggii, at least in its typical form, is strictly Mexican. 
No specimens from the United States have been seen with 
pedicels pubescent as in the Mexican specimens I have examined 
and as described by Gray, “‘pedicellis pubescentibus (demum 
glabratis)” (Pl. Wright. 2:28,—1853). In the United States, 
all the material from Arizona to Texas which is generally referred 
to C. Greggt does not seem to represent a single entity, but 
study in the field will probably be needed in order to interpret 
properly the variants which I have seen. Although the whole 
C. Greggu complex is still poorly understood, I give the follow- 
ing tentative range for C. vestitus: in California, from the 
southern Sierra Nevada in Inyo and Kern counties to the 
northern slopes of the San Bernardino Mts., east to the Charles- 


JANUARY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 229 


ton Mts., Nevada, and perhaps to northern Arizona. In north- 
western Arizona at Hackberry, a plant probably referable to 
C. vestitus has been named C. Greggti var. orbicularis (E. Kelso, 
Rhodora 39:151,—1937); and more recently McMinn has 
treated the plants from the western part of the range as C. Greggu 
var. vestitus (1939, p. 312). 

Some Californian variations are to be noted in C. vestitus. 
In the original description, the leaves and branchlets are de- 
scribed as ashy-tomentulose and the leaves “4 to 6 lines long, 
round-obovate, . . . sharply spinulose-dentate all around.” In 
most of the specimens that have been examined, the leaves and 
branchlets are tomentulose only when young and are early 
glabrescent. The leaves are generally more elongate, oblong- 
oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate and the margins are as 
frequently entire as they are minutely to more coarsely spinulose- 
dentate. In the Kern River Canyon a variant has been collected 
which is intermediate between C. vestitus and C. cuneatus. In 
this the hairs of the pubescence are straight or nearly so and 
appressed as in C. cuneatus, the leaves are uniformly entire and 
are larger and oblanceolate, but the fruit has horns decidedly 
lateral and midway down the sides. 


2. CEANOTHUS PERPLEXANS Trelease in Gray Syn. FI. 
N. A. 1, pt. 1: 417 (1897). C. Goldmanii Rose, Contrib. U. S. 
Nat. Herb. 12: 284 (1909). C. Greggii var. perplexans (Tre- 
lease) Jepson Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 623 (1925). With Trelease, 
I believe that C. perplexans is closely related to C. crassifolius, 
more closely perhaps than to C. vestitus with which it has been 
frequently confused. The broader and mostly larger leaves and 
the larger stipules seem to be characters which definitely sepa- 
rate it from C. vestitus. It appears to be common enough in the 
mountains west of the Colorado Desert from the southern slope 
of the San Bernardino Mts. to the mountains of northern Lower 
California where it has been named C. Goldmanii. Trelease also 
reports C. perplexans from Guadalupe Island and Arizona. 
I have not seen the insular material (probably C. crassifolius of 
various authors) nor have I seen any specimen referable to 
C. perplexans from Arizona. 

For the privilege of examining the type of C. Goldmanit, I 
am indebted to Dr. W. R. Maxon. 


230 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


3. CEANOTHUS cCRASSIFOLIUS Torr., Pacif. RR. Rept. 4:75 
(1857). The tomentum which clothes so densely the branchlets 
and lower side of leaves in this species has been found to be the 
same in character as that in the two preceding species and in 
representatives of the C. Greggi complex found in states to the 
eastward, but more or less different from the vesture in all other 
species in the subgenus under consideration. I believe that this 
alignment based on the character of the pubescence may indicate 
a fundamental phylogenetic grouping, and perhaps a primitive 
one, when one considers the wide distribution of the C. Greggu 
group in the Sonoran regions of the mountains and plateaus in 
the United States and Mexico (cf. Standley, 1923, p. 722). 


Ceanothus crassifolius is found in the chaparral of the lower 
mountains from Santa Barbara Co., California, southward to 
northern Lower California. The variety, var. planus Abrams, 
well deserving nominal recognition, is known only from Santa 
Barbara and Ventura counties, California. 


4. CEANOTHUS MEGACARPUS Nutt. N. A. Syl. 2:46 (1846). 
C. macrocarpus Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1:267 (1838), not 
Cav. This species occurs in the lower coastal mountains from 
San Diego Co. to Santa Barbara Co. Although it is usually a 
shrub less than 3 m. tall, I have seen arborescent specimens in 
the Santa Ana Mts. up to 5 m. tall with slender trunks covered 
with a finely furrowed dark grayish-brown bark. 

In the mountains of Santa Barbara Co. is a distinctive entity 
with opposite or occasionally alternate leaves and with large fruit 
and conspicuous horns. Attention has been called to this plant 
(K. Brandegee, 1894, p. 206; McMinn, 1930, p. 145), but no 
data on its occurrence in the field have been seen. A possible 
relationship between it and the peculiar form of C. cuneatus 
growing in the Pecho district of San Luis Obispo Co. should 
perhaps be sought. 


5. CEANOTHUS INSULARIS Eastw., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 
ser. 4, 16: 362 (1927). An insular species closely related to the 
preceding, C. insularis is found on Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, 
and Santa Rosa islands. In the type specimens which were col- 
lected on Santa Cruz Island, the leaves are uniformly opposite ; 
but in other specimens from that island as well as in specimens 
from the other islands, the leaves are occasionally alternate 


JANUARY, 1940| STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 231 


(cf. Trelease, 1897, p. 416; Munz, 1935, p. 302). The close 
relationship between the island and mainland plants is expressed 
by the name C. megacarpus var. insularis (Eastw.) Munz (Bull. 
S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 31:68,—1932). In referring C. insularis 
to synonomy under C. crassifolius, Jepson (1938, p. 480) dis- 
poses of the island plant under the name by which it was reported 
many years ago (Zoe 1: 134; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 393) and 
fails to recognize as representative of C. imsularis certain island 
collections which he cites as “a hornless variety” of C. megacarpus 
(ibid., 476). 

6. CEANOTHUS VERRUCOSUS Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1: 267 
(1838). This species with its alternate leaves and small generally 
hornless fruits is indicated as a probable base in a phylogenetic 
scheme for the subgenus Cerastes by McMinn (1930, chart on 
p. 123). I agree that there is much weight to be placed on the 
evidence he presents, but, as I have suggested above, the widely 
dispersed C. Greggii group may be more primitive. Ceanothus 
verrucosus, restricted to the arid coastal mesas and slopes from 
San Diego, California, to Ensenada, Lower California, does not 
seem to occupy a primitive geographical or geological position 
unless its present limited and specialized distribution is inter- 
preted as highly relictual. 


7. CEANOTHUS SUBMONTANUS Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 12: 284 (1909). Although this Lower Californian plant 
bears a striking resemblance to C. cuneatus in general appear- 
ance and was treated as a part of that species by Standley (1923, 
p. 721), the subvillous pubescence of twigs and leaves and the 
lateral horns on the fruits seem to mark it as a distinct entity. 
However, until further field work has been done and extensive 
collections have been studied, I believe that a proper systematic 
estimate of C. submontanus cannot be given. A direct relation 
between it and C. cuneatus should perhaps be sought through 
those subtomentose-pubescent forms of the latter species which 
occur in southern California. The attachment of the horns on 
the fruit is of critical importance in C. submontanus and it will 
be necessary to investigate the stability and value of the character. 

In the type specimen, which I was privileged to examine 
through the courtesy of Dr. W. R. Maxon, the stems are slender 
and appear as if they might have been rather pliant. The hairs 


232 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


on the young stems are dense, short, and a little crisped, and, 
although some are distinctly spreading, mostly they are sub- 
appressed but not uniformly directed upward. The inflores- 
cences are shortly but definitely pedunculate. The fruits are 
5 mm. in diameter, dark brown, the horns are short, about 1 mm. 
long, spreading, slender, and the intermediate crests are repre- 
sented by low wrinkled folds. 


8. CEANOTHUS FRESNENSIS Dudley ex Abrams, Bot. Gaz. 
53:68 (1912). Although I once wrote something about C. fres- 
nensis as a montane homologue of C. cuneatus (Leafl. West. 
Bot. 1:71), in this treatment I have placed it in the “Greggu- 
verrucosus’ group because the attachment of the slender spread- 
ing horns is generally distinctly lateral. On the other hand, the 
prostrate habit, the apically denticulate leaves, and the blue 
flowers seem to indicate a definite relationship to C. prostratus. 
Perhaps this attractive plant is descended from the offspring of 
a fertile cross between C. prostratus and C. vestitus, a cross which 
would combine those characters that mark this plant as a very 
distinct entity with a natural distribution in the middle altitudes 
of the Sierra Nevada of California from Plumas Co. (McMinn, 
1939, p. 309) southward to Fresno Co. (See also remarks under 
C. connivens Greene.) 


9. CEANOTHUS RAMULOSUS (Greene) McMinn, Madrofio 
5:14 (1939). Although I am well acquainted with the much- 
branched, dark green, blue-flowered shrub as it occurs in the 
Mt. Tamalpais region of Marin Co. and in the Calistoga region 
of Napa Co., I do not know it as it grows in the Santa Cruz 
Mts. which is the locality first cited by Greene in the original 
description of C. cuneatus var. ramulosus (FI. Francis. 86, 
1891). Whereas in Greene’s original description the leaves are 
described as “narrower and longer’ than in the species, this is 
a distinction not met with in the plants I know in which the leaves 
are frequently smaller and broader than in C. cuneatus. Usually 
the shrub is erect, but McMinn (Madrofio 5:15) calls attention 
to a subprostrate form on the bluffs above Pt. Sal, Santa 
Barbara Co. 

As I understand C. ramulosus, it is intermediate in character 
between C. rigidus and C. cuneatus, but since it maintains a 
certain distinctness through a natural geographic distribution, 


JANUARY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 233 


I believe it is well regarded as a separate specific entity. It is 
perhaps a matter of significance that C. ramulosus has been found 
chiefly in areas where C. rigidus and related species are adjacent 
to C. cuneatus. A real problem centers in this species which must 
be known more adequately both geographically and systemati- 
cally before it can be properly interpreted in the evolutionary 
fabric of which the subgenus Cerastes seems to be constituted. 

10. CEANOoTHUS CUNEATUS (Hook.) Nutt. in T. & G. FI. 
N. A. 1:267 (1838). Rhamnus cuneata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1:124 (1829). This widespread species, although generally 
readily recognizable, is almost as variable as the diverse floral 
provinces it inhabits and may at length prove to be a complex 
of several smaller specific entities when it is studied in more 
critical detail. Or it may be that part of the variation within 
the specific lines set here is the effect of hybridization between 
C. cuneatus and other species in the subgenus Cerastes. 

This species has sometimes been regarded as the most widely 
distributed species in the subgenus Cerastes (cf. McMinn, 
1930, p. 124), but its range is not so great as that of C. Greggu 
as that species has been accepted by Standley (1923, p. 722), 
McMinn (1939, p. 311), and others. Ceanothus cuneatus ranges 
from middle western Linn Co., Oregon, southward through the 
hills and lower mountains of California where it is the most 
widely dispersed species in the genus. Neither Mrs. Brandegee 
(1894, p. 205) nor Munz (1935, p. 303) reports C. cuneatus 
south of California, but both Standley (1923, p. 721) and 
McMinn (1939, p. 311) extend its distribution into northern 
Lower California. Perhaps Standley included C. cuneatus as a 
Lower Californian shrub because he treated C. submontanus 
Rose as that species. I have not seen material collected by Palmer 
on Guadalupe Island so I cannot say whether his collection re- 
ported by Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. 11:114) as C. cuneatus 
would at present be referred to this species. 

There is some variation in the character of the pubescence 
of young stems which seems to be correlated with geographic 
distribution. In Oregon near the northern limit of its range, 
the pubescence is subvillous and consists of loose upwardly 
directed hairs*; in southern Oregon and throughout most of 


1 The original collection was made near the northern limit of the range 
and the branches were described by Hooker as “subferrugineo-pubescenti- 
bus,” “clothed with a rusty-colored down.” 


234 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


California the pubescence of upwardly appressed hairs is dis- 
tinctly sericeous; in southern California the pubescence is fre- 
quently villous or subtomentulose and is reminiscent of the 
pubescence of C. submontanus in northern Lower California. 
Although I have not seen the type of C. oblanceolatus Davidson 
(Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20: 53,—1921), a specimen I collected 
at the type locality in Bouquet Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Cali- 
fornia, has the appressed pubescence of northern Californian 
plants rather than the subtomentulose pubescence of many 
southern Californian plants. 

In the characters of the fruit there are some variations to be 
noted. In some forms the intermediate crests which are always 
low and inconspicuous are obsolete and in northern California 
occurs a variant with fruits larger than in the more common 
widespread form. In the South Coast Ranges are plants which 
are related to C. cuneatus which vary in foliage, flowers or fruits, 
but they cannot be properly treated until the limits of C. ramu- 
losus have been more clearly defined. Most of these variants 
have been indicated by McMinn (1930, p. 144). And already, 
under C. vestitus, I have indicated an intermediate form between 
C. cuneatus and that species in the Kern River Canyon. 

Although the occurrence of C. cuneatus in the flora of 
Arizona has not been suggested heretofore, some specimens from 
the central part of the state with wrinkled apical horns and low 
wrinkled intermediate crests seem to be more definitely allied to 
the C. cuneatus group than to the C. Greggu group to which they 
have always been referred. Possible relationship between the 
Arizona plant and the subtomentose form of C. cuneatus of 
southern California or C. submontanus of Lower California 
should perhaps be looked for. 


11. CEANOTHUS CONNIVENS Greene, Pitt. 2:16(1889). The 
few times that this plant has been noted in the literature, it has 
been treated as a probable hybrid of C. cuneatus and C. prostratus 
(K. Brandegee, 1894, p. 216; Trelease, 1897, p. 416) since in 
habit and dentation of leaves it partakes of the latter, in fruit and 
leaf-shape of the former. However, since it has been collected 
only in Calaveras Co., California, entirely within the range of 
C. fresnensis as recently extended by McMinn (1939, p. 309), a 
possible relationship between C. connivens and C. fresnensis will 


JANUARY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 235 


have to be considered. The nearly apical erect horns and the 
more elongate leaves (mostly 1.5—2 cm. long and 0.5—1 cm. 
wide) seem to mark this plant as distinct from C. fresnensis. 
However, I have examined only two fruiting specimens of 
C. connivens, both in Herb. Univ. Calif., the type collection which 
was made “between Murphy’s and the Big Trees” by Greene 
and a second collection which was made at Sheep Ranch by 
T. S. Brandegee. 

It was with some hesitancy that I included C. connivens in 
my key because it is much too little known to be treated properly, 
but the very fact that it has been neglected prompted me so to 
emphasize it that the attention of botanists and botanical collectors 
may be directed to it. 


12. CEANoTHUs FERRIS® McMinn, Madrojio 2:89 (1933). 
Although this species was originally reported as a variation of 
C. cuneatus (McMinn, 1930, p. 145) and was related to that 
species when it was described (1933, p. 90), I am here regarding 
it as more closely related to the C. rigidus group, not only because 
of the frequently dentate margin of the leaves but chiefly because 
of their texture, venation, and conformation; and in his latest 
work, McMinn interprets the relationship of C. Ferrise in this 
way too, placing it between C. gloriosus and C. purpureus (1939, 
p. 317). 

In the shape and size of the stipules and in the absence of 
intermediate crests, C. Ferris@ is like the broad-leaved Ceanothus 
of the Ben Lomond district in the Santa Cruz Mts. which was 
mentioned by McMinn (1933, p. 90) and which has since been 
definitely reported as C. Ferrise (Wieslander and Schreiber, 
Madrono 5:40,—1939) ; but I do not regard the plants as the 
same although the Ben Lomond plants may prove to be only 
varietally distinct. Whereas I have seen C. Ferrise@ only on the 
serpentine ridge in the vicinity of the type locality in the Mt. 
Hamilton Range, I have seen the plant of the Santa Cruz Mts. 
only in areas of sedimentary rocks, either sandstone or shale. 
According to McMinn (1939), C. Ferrise “occurs . . . occasion- 
ally in the Santa Cruz Mountains.” 


13. CEANOTHUSs RIGIDUS Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1:268 
(1838). In this treatment, C. rigidus is restricted to the region 
of the Monterey Peninsula where it was originally collected. It 


236 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 13 


may be necessary eventually to include some forms from as far 
south as Santa Barbara Co. as has been done by Jepson (1936, 
p. 478) ; but I am reluctant to do it now although I have no name 
for the related plant in southern California.2, The plant in Marin 
Co. which has for many years been referred to C. rigidus does 
simulate that species to a remarkable degree ; but field study has 
convinced me that this plant is to be definitely associated with 
C. gloriosus and is perhaps the result of hybridization between 
C. gloriosus and C. ramulosus where they occur together in 
the Mt. Tamalpais region. Even on the Monterey Peninsula 
C. rigidus is not entirely uniform and one variant with broadly 
cuneate leaves and shortly pedunculate inflorescences has been 
distinguished as var. pallens Sprague (Kew Bull., 1915, p. 380). 


14. CEANOTHUS PUMILUS Greene, Erythea 1: 149 (1893). 
Although this was originally described from Waldo, Josephine 
Co., Oregon, and has doubtless been regarded as an Oregonian 
species by Californian botanists, it occurs in California in Del 
Norte Co., and, in the Red Mt. region in northern Mendocino 
Co., it has been named as C. prostratus var. profugus Jepson 
(1936, p. 479).° Trelease (1897, p. 416) considered C. pumilus 
to be a hybrid between C. cuneatus and C. prostratus, but the 
species has distinctive characters which are maintained through 
a natural range in the western part of the Siskiyou area nearly 
corresponding to the range of that remarkable endemic, Garrya 
buxifolia Gray. 


15. CEANoTHUs conFusuUs J. T. Howell, Leafl. West. Bot. 
2:160 (1939). As this was originally understood and described, 
it was believed to be most nearly related to C. divergens Parry 
with which it had been long confused ; but with the preparation 
of these notes, C. confusus has seemed to be about as nearly 
related to C. pumilus of which it may be regarded a derivative 
in the southern North Coast Ranges of California. 


16. CEANOTHUS DIVERGENS Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 
Sci. 5:173 (1889). Although specimens of C. divergens simu- 
late C. purpureus Jepson, the two are very easily distinguished 


2McMinn (1939, pp. 309, 315) refers this variant in Santa Barbara Co. 
to C. ramulosus. 
3 Mature fruits have not been seen from the Red Mt. region, but im habit 


foliage and flowers the plants are like those studied in Del Norte Co., Cali- 
fornia, and Josephine Co., Oregon (cf. Leafil. West. Bot. 2:162). 


JANUARY, 1940| STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 237 


by excellent characters of foliage and fruits. How variable 
C. divergens is in the field and what possible relation it may bear 
to C. purpureus or to C. confusus are questions which await 
critical field study in the narrow area about the Napa Valley 
where it is endemic. (Cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 159, 165.) 


17. CEANOTHUS SONOMENSIS J. T. Howell, Leafl. West. 
Bot. 2: 162 (1939). Restricted to the chaparral-covered slopes 
of the Hood Mt. Range on the east side of the Sonoma Valley, 
C. sonomensis seems to be as narrow an endemic as C. purpureus 
Jepson in the Napa Range and typical C. Ferrise McMinn in 
the Mt. Hamilton Range. Data have been collected in an attempt 
to show that C. sonomensis is probably a hybrid of relatively 
recent origin and it is planned to present the evidence in a later 
paper. 

18. CEANOTHUs GLorIosus J. T. Howell, Leafl. West. Bot. 
2:43 (1937). C. rigidus var. grandifolius Torr., Pac. RR. Re- 
port 4:75 (1857). On coastal flats and mesas from Marin Co. 
to Mendocino Co., the typical prostrate aspect of this species 
grows, but back from the coast the erect form, var. exaltatus 
J. T. Howell, ibid., 44, flourishes in brush and forest. Near 
Tomales Point, Marin Co., a form with nearly entire leaves has 
been collected, but it is readily recognized as this species by the 
texture and venation of the leaves and by the stipules. Wherever 
C. gloriosus and another species of the subgenus Cerastes grow 
in proximity, puzzling hybrid-like intermediates occur. Such 
have been found in the Santa Rosa region near the type locality 
of C. sonomensis and on Bolinas Ridge where C. ramulosus also 
occurs. 


19. CEANOTHUS PURPUREUS Jepson FI. W. Mid. Calif. 258 
(1901). This very narrow and distinct endemic is found only 
in the southern part of the Napa Range in Napa and Solano 
counties where it grows in the chaparral on the bedded volcanic 
rocks so characteristic of the region. The very large stipules in 
this species reach a maximum size for the genus Ceanothus. 
They were found to be so decisive in separating C. purpureus 
from species which it resembles that I have given considerable 
attention in this study to their relative development in all parts 
of the subgenus Cerastes. Although the characters of the stipules 
and of the fruit seem to indicate a direct relation between 


238 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL, II, NO. 13 


C. purpureus and the C. rigidus group (cf. Howell, Leafl. West. 
Bot. 2:45), C. purpureus bears a strong resemblance to C. Jep- 
soni in habit and foliage, a resemblance which has prompted 
the combination C. Jepsoni var. purpureus Jepson (Man, FI. Pl. 
Calif. 624, 1925). 


20. CEANOTHUS PROSTRATUS Benth., Pl. Hartw. 302 (1848). 
As in the case of the other widely distributed species in the sub- 
genus Cerastes, such as C. Greggu and C. cuneatus, C. prostratus 
is the center of a number of variations which are as yet only 
partly understood. The number of “prostratus” entries made in 
northern and central eastern California by McMinn (1930, 
p. 123) in his geographic and phylogenetic chart of the subgenus 
Cerastes is indicative of the variations of which I speak. In many 
instances these variations appear to have originated through 
hybridization and several have been named, such as C. fresnensis 
and C. connivens. But other hybrid-like variants besides these 
are yet to be studied and recorded before we can properly under- 
stand C. prostratus and delimit it from the hybrid-like variants 
which still confuse the concept. It is of interest to note that, in 
those suspected hybrid-derivatives that have been segregated 
from C. prostratus, the character of the fruit partakes not of 
C. prostratus but of the other parent-suspect.* For that reason, 
in this study where primary emphasis has been placed on charac- 
ters of fruit whenever possible, these species have been treated 
in those groups where their fruits are more nearly typical. 

In the Lake Tahoe district two species have been named which 
are apparent hybrids between C. prostratus and some member 
of the subgenus Euceanothus: C. rugosus Greene® (FI. Francis. 
88,—1891) from near Truckee, and C. serrulatus McMinn 
(Madrofio 2: 89,—1933) from near Cascade Lake. The other 
parent of the suspected hybrids might be C. cordulatus Kell. or 
C. velutinus Dougl., both of which occur in the region. 


Ceanothus prostratus is the most northerly ranging species 
of the subgenus Cerastes and is found from southern Wash- 
ington (Piper, Fl. Wash., p. 387) southward through the Cas- 


4 Thus the fruit of C. fresnensis approaches that of C. vestitus, the fruit 
of C. connivens approaches that of C. cuneatus, and the fruit of OC. pumilus 
(if that species should be considered here at all) approaches that of 
C. rigidus. 

5 In the original description Greene suggests that one parent may have 
been C. cuneatus, but as Mrs. Brandegee (1894, p. 217) points out, it is 
“without doubt a cross between C. velutinus and C. ‘prostratus.” 


JANUARY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 239 


cades of Oregon to California and Nevada. Inthe Sierra Nevada 
of eastern California and western Nevada the range of C. pro- 
stratus is definite enough but its detailed distribution is not yet 
known in the high North Coast Ranges of California where it 
perhaps extends southward to Mendocino Co. (McMinn, 1930, 
p. 146). The pale form from the eastern slope of the Sierra 
Nevada in Nevada was named by Greene in honor of C. F. Baker, 
but I have not found the name properly published with a descrip- 
tion and I do not see in the plant a distinctive character which 
would warrant specific recognition. 

In both the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada in California, 
just to the south of C. prostratus, are to be found two remark- 
able species, each of which I regard as outlying derivatives of 
that species: C. pinetorum in the Sierra Nevada and C. Jepsont 
in the Coast Ranges. Unlike those derivatives of suspected 
hybrid origin which are noted above, these two species are 
characterized by fruits as large as or larger than the fruit of 
C. prostratus. 


21. CEANOTHUS PINETORUM Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
Herb. 4:80 (1893). This species, which grows in the southern 
Sierra Nevada of California in Kern and Tulare counties at 
middle altitudes and higher, is much nearer C. prostratus than 
C. Jepsoni with which most workers have more or less confused 
it and from which it has been separated heretofore with difficulty 
if at all.© The resemblance between the two is striking, but I 
believe it to be a simulation, not indicative of a real or direct 
relationship which would be extraordinary if one considers geo- 
graphic distribution. From a taxonomic point of view it might 
be added that if all species of Ceanothus were as easily separated 
as C. pinetorum and C. Jepsoni, the genus would not be the truly 
difficult one that it is in many parts. In reviewing these species 
for the present study, I prepared the following diagnoses : 

Ceanothus pinetorum. Branchlets somewhat pliant, internodes glabrous ; 
leaves mostly spreading and plane with 5 to 8 teeth on the sides, stipules 
conspicuous and sometimes making a corky ring at the nodes; peduncle 


glabrous; fruit 6—8 mm. long, overtopped by the slender horns, the horns 
wrinkled or a little knobbed, nearly round, or if broader, then flattened 


6 According to his chart, McMinn (1930, p. 123) would have C. pinetorum 
derived from CG. cuneatus and Jepson (1936, p. 476) suggests a relation 
between C. pinetorwm and OC. perplexans; but in this work. where I have 
placed emphasis on characters of fruit and of pubescence, I am unable to 
bring these entities into close relationship. 


240 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 13 


tangentially, intermediate crests of inconspicuous low wrinkles; base of 
style much swollen ; seed 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, oblong, truncately obtuse. 


Ceanothus Jepsoni. Stems rigid, pubescent when young ; leaves deflexed, 
variously folded or undulate, with 4 to 6 teeth on the sides, stipules usually 
smaller; peduncle pubescent; fruit 8—10 mm. long, crowned with horns 
and crests, the horns coxcomb-like and flattened radially, the intermediate 
crests usually more than one, much-wrinkled with knob-like processes that 
are more or less confluent with the lower part of the horns; seed 4.5 mm. 
long, 2.75 mm. wide, obovate. 

22. CEANOTHUS JEPSONI Greene Man. Bay Region Bot. 78 
(1894). This remarkable species is an inhabitant of serpentine 
areas, occurring diagonally across the southern part of the North 
Coast Ranges of California from Marin and Sonoma counties 
(where the flowers are light to dark purplish-blue) to the inner- 
most ranges of Napa, Lake, and Tehama counties (where the 
flowers are whitish). Although in typical form it is one of the 
most distinctive species of Ceanothus, puzzling aspects are found 
occasionally which may have originated through hybridization. 
At times these intermediate forms are like C. Jepsoni in appear- 
ance but differ in some character of the fruit ; at other times the 
habit and foliage are quite unlike those of C. Jepsoni but the 
fruit discloses the marked and unmistakable “influence” of 
C. Jepsoni. As in all instances of suspected hybridization in this 
genus, where hybridization is generally acknowledged as not 
uncommon, one can only properly interpret such “intermediates” 
with critical and extensive field observation. 


REFERENCES 
Brandegee, K. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 4:204—212, 
216—218 (1894). 
Jepson. Fl. Calif. 2:475—480 (1936). 


McMinn. Contrib. Dudley Herb. 1: 121—147 (1930). 
Ill. Man. Calif. Shrubs 305—320 (19397). 


Munz. Man. S. Calif. Bot. 302—303 (1935). 
Standley. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 720—722 (1923). 
Trelease. In Gray Synop. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 1:416—417 (1897). 


7 Prof. McMinn’s book on Californian shrubs does not bear a date of issue. 
From Mr. J. W. Stacey, who published the work, we learn that it was first 
offered for sale on Oct. 6, 1939, the official date of publication. The date of 
publication thus established is especially important in the genus Ceanothus 
because on several occasions in 1939 nomenclatorial additions and changes 
have been offered in the genus. 


Vot. Il No. 14 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 
EOS ISSESS LTT AAA a eel Pe aaa 7s TORUS PRY 
A.ice Eastwoop 
What Is Lepidium Menziesii? . . . . . . « 245 
C. Leo HitcHcock 
The Lupinus Breweri Aggregate. . . . . : « 249 
ALicEe Eastwoop 
New Western Plants Aa eC te caatin gor Be ole (his oe 


JoHn THomas Howe. 


SAN FrANcisco, CALIFORNIA 
Aprit 12, 1940 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEst. Bort. 


ee NU A 


INCHES 


pevgaonyenay tony ovunpna gga pony aca nage ecg nena ny 


Owned and published by 


A.ice Eastwoop and JoHN THomAs Howe. 


APRIL, 1940| STUDIES IN CASTILLEJA 241 


STUDIES IN CASTILLEJA 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


1. CASTILLEJA IN THE MARBLE MOUNTAINS, 
Siskiyou County, CALIFORNIA 


In August, 1939, Mr. John Thomas Howell made a collecting 
trip to the Marble Mountains in Siskiyou County and brought 
back a most interesting collection of Castilleja. Some were 
readily identified, two being endemic, namely, C. arachnoidea 
Greenman and C. schizotricha Greenman. Another was the 
widely distributed and variable C. miniata Dougl. and the fourth 
was doubtfully referred to C. pruinosa Fernald. 

The others proved to be most perplexing and to the collector 
appeared so different that while they grew apparently in the 
same environment the different appearance of each marked them 
as distinct. This series of specimens is the subject of the present 
article. 

Castilleja excelsa Eastwood, spec. nov. Circa 8 dm. alta, supra ramosa, 
ramis ascendentibus; caule infra simplici, circa 3 dm. alto, puberulo, cos- 
tato; foliis viridibus, separatis, lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, sessilibus, 
basi lata, 4—6 cm. longis, 6—15 mm. latis, 3-costatis, glanduloso-puberu- 
lis; spicis erectis, elongatis, 1—3 dm. longis, glanduloso-puberulis et 
glanduloso-villosis, bracteis latis, 3—5-lobatis, lobis rubris, lateralibus 
divaricatis, multo angustioribus medio lobo; calyce 2 cm. longo, fisso ex 
basi 9 mm., segmentis loborum 3, inzequalibus, linearibus ; corolla angusta, 
circa 3 cm. longa, exserta ex calyce 12—15 cm., galea 16 mm. longa, dorso 
viridi, glanduloso-puberula, ventre rubra, membranacea, labio dentibus 
attenuatis, incurvatis, terminantibus tumores; testa seminorum membra- 
nacea, brunnea, scrobiculata. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273635, collected Aug. 4, 
1939, near Spirit Lake, Marble Mts., Siskiyou County, Cali- 
fornia, elev. about 6000 ft., by John Thomas Howell, No. 15058. 
This seems quite different from the other species of Castilleja 
collected at the same time by Mr. Howell. The foliage is green, 
not in the least cinereous, the spikes are much longer and the 
flowers smaller. The seeds are covered with the transparent 
scrobiculate testa, but are rounded at top, tapering at base where 
a short curve gives them the appearance of short, stout commas. 
It is in general, also, more glandular and also captures tiny 
insects. 


Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. Il, pp. 241-256, April 12, 1940, 


LIBR 
Saw 
BOTA! 

GAR 


242 _ LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 14 
*. 

Castilleja globosa Eastwood, spec. nov. Herba perennis, globosa, circa 
6 dm. lata, 3 dm. alta; caulibus diffusis, 4—5 dm. longis, ramis multis, 
gracilibus, leviter tomentulosis et vestitis villis dendroideis tenuibus ; foliis 
linearibus vel oblongo-linearibus, longissimis foliis 7 cm. longis, 5—8 mm. 
latis, sessilibus, 3-costatis, supremis raro trisectis; floribus primo erectis 
in spicis latis et brevibus, in fructo floribus exsertis distichis in spicis 
longioribus; apicibus bractearum rubris, gracilibus, acuminatis, superanti- 
bus gemmas, bracteis infimis viridibus, trisectis, segmentis linearibus, acutis ; 
calyce circa 2 cm. longo, segmentis 7—8 mm. longis, laciniis 4 mm. longis, 
anguste linearibus; corolla gracili, circa 3 cm. longa, galea 15—20 mm. 
longa, dorso glanduloso-puberula, ventre rubra, membranacea ; labio parvo, 
medio dente multo breviore duobus lateralibus obtusis dentibus. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273645, collected Aug. 8, 
1939, Black Mt., Marble Mts., Siskiyou County, California, by 
John Thomas Howell, No. 15159. 

Castilleja muscipula Eastwood, spec. nov. Omnino cinerea, ramosa 
basi ex radice lignea, circa 3—4 dm. alta, glanduloso-puberula et vestita 
villis albis inzequalibus et simplicibus et dendroideis ; foliis anguste oblongis 
vel lineari-lanceolatis, 3—4 cm. longis, 3—8 mm. latis, integris vel 1- vel 
2-lobatis, lobis angustis; spicis terminalibus; bracteis rubris, zquilongis 
calycibus, trisectis, segmento medio oblongo, latiore segmentis lateralibus 
linearibus; calyce circa 2 cm. longo, fisso 1 cm. ex basi, laciniis rubris, 
lineari-attenuatis, circa 3 mm. longis; corolla 3—5 cm. longa, galea 2.2 cm. 
longa, gracili, conspicue exserta, disticha et curvata extra, dorso viridi et 
glanduloso-puberula, ventre rubra et membranacea, labio protuberante 
3 dentibus incurvis. 


Type:.Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273638, collected Aug. 4, 
1939, near Spirit Lake, Marble Mts., Siskiyou County, Cali- 
fornia, at about 6000 ft. elevation, by John Thomas Howell, 
No. 15060. 

This may be related to C. pruinosa Fernald, but differs most 
conspicuously in the long galea curving outwards in two ranks. 
The name is given to the group on account of the many small, 
dead insects found among the glandular spikes and amid the hairs 
on leaves and stems. 


Castilleja muscipula var. armeniaca Eastwood, var. nov. Differt: 
foliis viridioribus, bracteis et segmentis calycis armeniacis, omnino magis 
glandulosis et villis brevioribus. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273637, collected the same 
day and place, Howell’s No. 15061. This variety is the greatest 
insect catcher, the very glandular spike of flowers being full of 
dead ones. 


APRIL, 1940| STUDIES IN CASTILLEJA 243 


Castilleja muscipula var. angustifolia Eastwood, var. nov. Differt: 
foliis angustioribus, magis cinereis et foliis supremis trisectis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273649, collected the same 
day and place, Howell’s No. 15059. 


2. MISCELLANEOUS NEW SPECIES 


Castilleja filifolia Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules basi ramosi, erecti, 
tenues, purpurascentes, glabrati vel leviter arachnoideo-floccosi, circa 2 dm. 
alti; foliis inzqualiter pinnatisectis vel bipinnatisectis, puberulis, seg- 
mentis filiformibus vel anguste linearibus, rachidi 1 mm. lata; spicis longis, 
tenuibus, interruptis, flavo-viridescentibus, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteis 
foliis supremis similibus, lobo medio bractearum superiorum oblongo vel 
spatulato, 4—5 mm. lato, superante flores; calyce circa 15 mm. longo, tuba 
6 mm. longa, lobis segmentorum linearibus, 7 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, 
viridi-nervatis ; galea obtusa, 4 mm. longa, dorso puberula, labio et galea 
prope zquali, labio trisaccato, segmentis erectis oblongis obtusis, circa 
1 mm. longis; capsula elliptica, circa 5 mm. longa; seminibus in sicco 
membranaceo-alatis, in aqua mucosis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 202286, collected June 22, 


1931, in open forest, 8 miles north of Diamond Lake, Douglas 
County, Oregon, by John Thomas Howell, No. 6900. 


This species is distinguished by the long slender greenish- 
yellow spikes which appear smooth except under a lens. The 
divisions of the leaves are thread-like. The whole plant seems 
smooth, but under a lens is slightly floccose and puberulent. The 
lobes of the bracts become broad, especially the middle one which 
almost covers the flowers. The two lips of the corolla are almost 
equal and the three sacs of the lower lip are tipped with purple 
and have three erect obtuse divisions. The upper lip or galea is 
obtuse and about 4 mm. long. 


It belongs to the group between Orthocarpus and Castilleja. 
The corolla is that of Orthocarpus with the short galea and 
3-saccate lower lip almost as long. 


Castilleja Jusselii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules erecti, ramosi vel 
simplices ex radice simplici, circa 2 dm. alti, virides, subpilosi; foliis inferi- 
oribus erectis, anguste linearibus, attenuatis, foliis superioribus trisectis, 
segmentis erectis, longis, linearibus, lateralibus segmentis zqualibus vel 
brevioribus medio; bracteis flores superantibus, lobo medio spatulato, 
conspicuo in longis spicis, lobis lateralibus angustis, lineari-oblanceolatis, 
obtusis; calycis segmentis corollam superantibus, laciniis oblanceolatis, 
longioribus tuba; galea basi lata, apice acuta, costata, labio inferiore zequali 
vel paulo breviore galea, lobis 3, obtusis. 


244 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 14 


Stems erect, simple or with few, erect branches, several from a tap- 
root, about 2 dm. high, green but with some spreading white hairs; leaves 
erect, the lower narrowly linear, attenuate, upper with 3 long linear 
divisions, ribbed, the lateral equaling or shorter than the middle; bracts 
surpassing the flowers, the middle lobe spatulate, lateral half as wide, linear- 
oblanceolate, obtuse ; calyx equaling or surpassing the corolla, the divisions 
of the segments oblanceolate, longer than the tube; galea broad at base, 
ribbed, pointed, lower lip almost equaling the galea, with 3 obtuse lobes. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 165665, collected July 12, 
1928, on Star Lake Trail, Lake Tahoe region, California, by 
M. S. Jussel in whose honor it is named. 

This belongs to the Castilleja pilosa group, differing from 
the type in the green hue of the plants, the sparse hairy pubes- 
cence and the parts of the flowers. It resembles C. pilosa in 
habit, erect leaves with erect divisions and the broad middle lobe 
of the bracts. These are imbricated in the young spikes. The 
flowers seem to be reddish. 


Castilleja lassenensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules czspitosi, simplices, 
graciles, 10—15 cm. alti, primo nutantes, demum erecti, glanduloso-pilosi ; 
foliis linearibus vel lanceolatis, acuminatis, 1—2 cm. longis, 1—2 mm. latis, 
erectis, foliis supremis brevi-trilobatis ; spicis purpureis, bracteis trilobatis, 
floribus brevioribus, lobis lateralibus linearibus, 3 mm. longis, lobis mediis 
latioribus, 4 mm. longis, apice truncatis, obtusis vel 3-crenatis; calyce 
circa 11 mm. longo, segmentis bilobatis, lobis linearibus, obtusis, 2—5 mm. 
longis ; corolla 14 mm. longa, galea 6 mm. longa, acuminata, exserta, labio 
circa 4 mm. longo, trilobato, lobis lanceolatis, obtusis, 2 mm. longis. 

This low subalpine Castilleja grew in dense mats from thick rootstocks 
clothed with dense, rope-like rootlets; sterile stems much shorter than the 
flowering ones and often densely clustered at their base. All parts of the 
plant are clothed with short, glandular hairs. When young the spikes nod, 
later becoming erect and lengthen in fruit. The narrow, linear or lanceo- 
late acuminate leaves are erect and hug the stems, only those under the 
short, purple spikes are lobed and merge into the bracts. The calyx is 
about 11 mm. long, the two divisions with 2 linear obtuse lobes, 2—5 mm. 
long. The corolla is conspicuously exserted, the galea acuminate, 6 mm. 
long, the lip 4 mm. long with 3 lanceolate, erect lobes 2 mm. long. Both 
galea and lower lip surpass the calyx. The large stigma can be seen just 
above the apex of the galea and is obscurely lobed. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 187874, collected Sept. 7, 
1931, on the trail to Bumpus Hell, Mt. Lassen, alt. 7000 ft., by 
Mr. M. S. Jussel. Other specimens in the Herb. Calif. Acad. 
Sci. are as follows: one collected by the author in meadows at 
foot of Lassen Peak, Aug. 26, 1912, No. 1843, Herb. No. 28672, 


APRIL, 1940] LEPIDIUM MENZIESII 245 


another collected by A. H. Kramer, Lassen National Park, 
summer of 1933, Herb. No. 216887. 


Castilleja Paynez Eastwood, spec. nov. Herbacea, perennis, basi 
cespitosa, crassa et squamosa, cinereo-puberula et arachnoideo-villosa; 
caulibus multis, circa 6—10 cm. altis, simplicibus, erectis; foliis inferi- 
oribus linearibus, integris, circa 1 cm. longis, 1 mm. latis, foliis superioribus 
tri- vel bi-sectis, segmentis anguste linearibus, divaricatis, puberulis; 
spicis 1—3 cm. longis, porphyreis, arachnoideo-villosis, bracteis similibus 
foliis supremis, segmentis latioribus, flores superantibus, pedicellis 1—1.5 
mm. longis; calycibus circa 15 mm. longis, tuba 6 mm. longa, segmentis 
anguste linearibus, corallam superantibus ; corolla circa 13 mm. longa, galea 
lata, 5 mm. longa, apice tridentata, interiore villosa, labio trisaccato, 2 mm. 
longo, segmentis linearibus, 1 mm. longis; capsulis oblongis, 5 mm. longis, 
2 mm. latis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 219403, collected July 26, 
1929, on Mt. Warren, Warner Mts., Modoc County, California, 
9660 ft. alt., by Miss Frances Payne, No. 126, in whose honor 
it is named. 

This is related to the group connecting Castilleja and Ortho- 
carpus. It is a pretty alpine species, the greyish stems clothed 
with soft, white, cobwebby hairs. The flowers and bracts are 
reddish-brown, the yellow anthers and capitate stigma are ex- 
serted and contrast beautifully with the terra-cotta-colored parts 
of the inflorescence. 


WHAT IS LEPIDIUM MENZIESIT? 


BY C. LEO HITCHCOCK 
University of W ashington, Seattle 

Lepidium Menzies DC. (Syst. 2: 539,—1821) has long been 
a source of taxonomic confusion, chiefly because of the fact that 
the type of the species is in England and therefore students 
of our western flora have usually found it impossible to study 
the plant and to compare more recent collections with it. Of the 
various attempts that have been made to find a match for the 
Menzies plant, none has been successful. In the writer’s recent 
paper on the genus, the species was with reluctance reduced to 
synonymy under L. virginicum var. pubescens (Greene) C. L. 
Hitchcock (Madrono 3: 283,—1936). 

As mentioned in that paper (p. 284), Mr. John Thomas 
Howell took the trouble to examine the DeCandollean type at the 


246 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 14 


British Museum, and compared with the Menzies plant several 
collections of Lepidium which I sent him. Of these specimens 
he thought that one from Nanaimo, B. C., Eastwood No. 9767, 
came closest to matching the plant at the British Museum. His 
notes on the type, itself, are as follows : “The plant is low (1 dm.) 
and branched from the base or a little above. The basal leaves 
are distinctly pinnate and each leaflet again deeply lobed on the 
upper side two or three times. The pubescence of the leaves is 
cinereous-subhirsutulous—the hairs coarse and somewhat spread- 
ing. Above the base the leaves are entire or with one or more 
lobes or teeth, and linear-lanceolate. The stem and inflorescence 
are finely puberulent, the same type of pubescence from base to 
tip, but not on the leaves. The petals are about as large as in your 
specimen (7. e., Eastwood No. 9767) but not so conspicuous ; 
certainly the petals in the type collection are not ‘more developed,’ 
but rather less. The silicles seem to be nearly, if not quite, the 
same. There is a tendency for yours to be broadest below the 
middle, at least in some; but in Menziesii the silicles are round. 
In yours, the ‘wings’ and notch seem to be a trifle more con- 
spicuous than in the type collection. The type collection has a 
very sparse crispy puberulence on the silicles.” 

The presence of this puberulence on the fruits was puzzling, 
as none of the material I have seen from this region was of this 
nature, although I suspected that the Menzies plant might be 
merely a pubescent form of our common littoral plant of the 
Puget Sound area. Such pubescent-fruited plants occasionally 
are to be found among the glabrous-fruited plants of practically 
all our species of Lepidium and Draba. During the fall of 1937 
and the spring of 1938 I took pains to examine hundreds of plants 
of L. Menzies in the field, thinking that I might find some pubes- 
cent silicles. They were all glabrous, however. While studying 
the material in the private herbarium of Mr. J. W. Thompson, 
I noticed a collection, Thompson No. 6036, “on rocky open 
slopes” at Deception Pass, Island County, Washington, April 25, 
1931, represented by two plants about 4 and 6 cm. tall. Both of 
these plants have a “sparse crispy puberulence on the silicles.” 
Although they lack basal leaves, they seem to fit Mr. Howell’s 
description of the Menzies plant quite well. Since other plants 
from the same vicinity, as represented by several collections, 


APRIL, 1940| LEPIDIUM MENZIESII 247 


have the type of leaf that is characteristic of L. Menztesit, it 
seems to me that Mr. Thompson’s collection probably can be 
considered to be “typical” L. Menziesit. 

During the spring of 1939, I searched for plants like those 
found by Mr. Thompson in the same general region where he 
made his collection and finally found a colony of the plants just 
west of Cranberry Lake, Deception Pass State Park, Whidby 
Island, Island County (Hitchcock & Martin No. 4658). The 
plants were limited to a small patch of perhaps one hundred indi- 
viduals and were found nowhere else,. although the glabrous- 
fruited form was rather abundant nearby, as it had been the 
year before (Hitchcock No. 3455). It seems certain, therefore, 
that L. Menziesu usually has glabrous fruits and that Menzies 
just happened to collect the rare form with puberulent silicles. 


Since studying the plants of these two collections as well as 
many others, both in the field and the herbarium, I have come 
to believe that I erred in treating the Puget Sound plants as 
identical with L. virginicum var. pubescens. In comparison with 
the several varieties of L. virginicum the following character- 
istics of “L. Menzies” deserve emphasis. It is restricted mainly 
to a narrow zone near the beaches of Puget Sound, although I 
have seen it growing on the campus of the University of Wash- 
ington. There is no difference in shape between its fruits and 
those of the various varieties of L. virginicum; likewise the 
flowers show no distinctive peculiarities as some have supposed. 
The cotyledons are sometimes incumbent, but more frequently 
they are oblique; in this respect the form is similar to the vars. 
pubescens and medium (although there may be a general tend- 
ency for the cotyledons to be more nearly incumbent than in 
those two varieties, the difference, if there is such, is scarcely 
detectable). There is no constant difference in the size, number, 
or shape of the cauline leaves, the leaves in general being most 
similar to those of the variety medium. The plants blossom from 
May to October (and probably later) but are usually sturdy 
biennials or winter annuals with very thick basal rosettes of 
leaves. Hitchcock No. 3455, from sand dunes west of Cranberry 
Lake, Whidby Island, May 15, 1938, includes plants in all stages 
of development, but most of them were depauperate seedlings of 


248 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 14 


1938 which were in full flower. Likewise, Hitchcock & Martin 
No. 4658 consists of tiny plants not over an inch in height; 
although the plants surely are seedlings of 1939, they are all in 
flower and fruit. It is therefore evident that the plant may 
behave as an annual, winter annual, or biennial, whereas the 
other varieties are commonly supposed to be annuals. Local con- 
ditions play a large part in determining the duration of these 
weedy pepper grasses, however. Recently I found, on the Uni- 
versity of Washington Campus, several plants of L. virginicum 
var. typicum that had blossomed during the spring and summer 
of 1938 that started to bloom prolifically again in January of 
1939, the fall of 1938 having been a very mild one in Seattle. 

Nevertheless, I do not believe that the plants are identical 
with any of the other varieties of L. virginicum although too 
closely related to that complex to merit more than varietal rank 
there. The main difference is to be found in the pubescence and 
shape of the basal leaves. As Howell pointed out, they are 
“pinnate and each leaflet again deeply lobed on the upper side 
2 or 3 times.” This type of leaf is occasionally found in the 
other varieties, especially the var. medium, but it is the usual 
type in this entity. The pubescence of these leaves and of the 
basal portion of the stem is rather crisp, coarse, and often curled; 
it is much more dense and the hairs are coarser than they are in 
the other varieties. Another general difference that is noticeable 
is that the plants tend to be more freely branched. These charac- 
teristics, then, the compact basal rosettes of pinnate-pinnatifid 
leaves, the coarser pubescence, freely branching habit, and coastal 
distribution, are thought to be sufficient to warrant recognizing 
the plant as 

Lepidium virginicum L. var. Menziesii (DC.) C. L. Hitch- 
cock, comb. nov. L. Menzies DC. Syst. 2: 539,—1821; L. vir- 
ginicum subsp. Menziesit (DC.) Thell. Monog. Lepid. 225, 
230,—1906, in large part ; L. virginicum var. pubescens (Greene) 
C. L. Hitchcock, Madrofio 3:283,—1936, in part. Chiefly 
littoral plants of the Puget Sound region, represented by such 
numbers as Zeller & Zeller No. 938, Peck No. 13142, Piper 
No. 444, Otis No. 1640, Hitchcock No. 3455, Hitchcock & 
Martin No. 4658, and Thompson No. 6036, 10628, and 5226. 


APRIL, 1940| LUPINUS BREWERI AGGREGATE 249 


THE LUPINUS BREWERI AGGREGATE 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


In the Sierra Nevada of California two types of low perennial 
lupines inhabit the upper elevations. One may be typified by 
Lupinus Danaus Gray and the other by L. Breweri Gray. While 
the former has many stems springing from a taproot, it does 
not form mats as does the latter. In L. Danaus the banner is 
strongly reflexed and flares back from the wings, while in 
L. Breweri it is but little folded back and almost approximate 
to the wings. The angle between the banner and wings is much 
wider in L. Danaus than in L. Breweri. In L. Breweri the entire 
plant is whiter on account of the thick vesture of silvery, silky 
pubescence, which is generally both appressed and spreading. 

Herein I am endeavoring to make it possible to discriminate 
between variants of L. Breweri but am not using the varietal 
names that have been given as some would be homonyms of 
already published species of lupines and also because from the 
meager varietal descriptions it is impossible for me to ascertain 
what particular plant is meant. 


Key To SPECIES 


1. Stems trailing ; flowering stems leafy.................2.---.-.-0--se+-000-- L. Breweri 
ie otems matted: floweritig- stems. SCApOSE:....-5. = st ssshcs ence 2 
PEPEOWETSCADOUE Omit: LONG = oa ee eS 3 
Pea Ss APOUSEA eek TELL II ON cic cote es ass emeee on ae eae eee ee 4 
matannen bairyon back, keel ciliate -..c....c-ccssccesce<ndcccezcecsconeenns L. monensis 
3. Banner smooth on back, keel smooth......................0-.0--sc-scseceee-e- L. Durani 
4. Banner smooth on back, keel slightly ciliate —.............. L. tegeticulatus 
4. Banner hairy on back, keel smooth.........................--..---...- L. Campbelle 


Lupinus Brewer Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7:334 (1867). 


Fruticulosus, ramosissimus, czspitoso-humifusus, pube appressissima 
argenteo-sericea; stipulis subulatis; foliolis 7—10 spathulatis cuneatisve 
retusis (lin. 3—4 longis) ; racemo brevi (policari) densifloro; calycis 
bracteolati labio superiore bipartito; corolla violacea; carina vix ciliata. 
—‘Prostrate, trailing on the ground or rocks, on the Yosemite trail, alt. 
6000 feet,’ Prof. Brewer. Nevada near Carson, Dr. C. L. Anderson; 
a form with flowers only 3 lines long, the keel not in the least ciliate; 
while in Prof. Brewer’s specimens the flowers are 4 or 4% lines long, and 
with a few hairs on the margins of the keel—This ranks with the andine 
species forming Agardh’s tribe Microphylli. 


The above is the original description of this species. Among 


250 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 14 


all of the specimens seen, including a duplicate of Brewer’s col- 
lection in the Herbarium of the University of California, none 
shows leaves retuse at the apex. The apex is obtuse, but as the 
tip is somewhat folded and this fold sometimes in dissecting 
breaks apart it might be mistaken as retuse. 


The flowers are about 8 mm. long, the calyx saccate at base, 
the upper lip 6 mm. long, bisected a half, the divisions divaricate 
with the sinus acute ; the lower lip is longer, linear-oblong, retuse 
at apex. The banner folds back but is close to the wings and is 
about 5 mm. wide; the wings are about the same width, united 
at top; the keel is curved and slightly ciliate above the middle. 
This description has been made from specimens in the Yosemite 
region. Those in the Tahoe region and adjacent Nevada often 
have smaller narrower leaflets and the keel of the corolla smooth. 
In general also, the spreading stems are more woody and in some 
cases on the same plant will be found the typical form with 
almost no peduncles and some with peduncles surpassing the 
leaves. 

Lupinus monensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Czspitosus, nanus, erectus, 
circa 6—10 cm. altus, omnino vestitus albis villis adpressis et patentibus, 
argenteo-sericeis; caudice ramoso ex radice lignea, basi dense folioso; 
petiolis multo longioribus foliolis, 2—3 cm. longis, stipulis 1 cm. longis, 
adnatis 4—5 mm., partibus liberis linearibus attenuatis, foliolis 6 ad 8, 
oblanceolatis, circa 1 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis, mucronatis, supra vestitis 
villis adpressis, infra vestitis villis adpressis et patentibus; pedunculis 
scaposis, zequalibus vel superantibus folia; floribus violaceis, 1 cm. longis, 
verticillatis in racemis circa 3—4 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, pedicellis brevi- 
oribus calycibus, bracteis lanceolatis, circa 8 mm. latis ; calyce 8 mm. longo, 
labio superiore bisecto 1%, basi 4 mm. lato, segmentis 3 mm. longis, sinu 
truncato, 3 mm. lato; vexillo 8 mm. longo, circa 5 mm. lato, obovato, dorso 
villoso, medio albo; alis anguste oblongis, 3 mm. latis, 8 mm. longis, stipite 
2 mm. longo; carina erecta obtusa, basi semi-sagittata, ciliata, stipite 2 mm. 


longo; legumine 10—12 mm. longo, circa 8 mm. lato, seminibus 2 vel 3, 
albis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 272810, collected near 
Crestview, Mono County, California, Aug. 10, 1938, by John 
Thomas Howell, No. 14498. It seems to be nearest to L. Camp- 
belle but the flowers are longer, keel densely ciliate, and the 
pubescence more shaggy. A specimen collected by Anita Noldeke 
at Red Rock Canyon is the same, Herb. No. 272483; also one 
collected by Laura Lorraine, Aug. 6, 1938, “on bare pumice 


APRIL, 1940| LUPINUS BREWERI AGGREGATE 251 


and obsidian slope, southeast slope of Mono Craters,” Herb. 
No. 272484. 


Lupinus Durani Eastwood, spec. nov. Caudices multi, crassi, erecti, 
ex radice lignea, densissime tecti petiolis et stipulis prioribus et presentibus, 
circa 1 dm. alti, dense tomentosi et vestiti pilis albis adpressis et patentibus ; 
petiolis multo longioribus foliolis, 3—4 cm. longis, latioribus basi, stipulis 
6 mm. longis, adnatis 2 mm., partibus disjunctis linearibus, acutis, 3 mm. 
longis, foliolis circa 6 vel 7, conduplicatis, 5—10 mm. longis, 4—5 mm. latis, 
anguste obovatis, infra vestitis similiter caudicibus, supra subglabris; 
racemis folia superantibus, pedunculis zquilongis foliis, bracteis deciduis, 
pedicellis brevioribus calycibus, floribus circa 10 mm. longis, violaceis ; 
calyce basi saccato, labiis zquilongis, labio superiore bisecto %, segmentis 
ovatis, acutis, 3 mm. longis, sinu acuto, labio inferiore oblongo vel ovato, 
bidentato; vexillo zquilongo alis, 5 mm. lato, violaceo et fulvo-maculato, 
glabro, alis circa 3 mm. latis, carina glabra, tecta alis; leguminibus 10—20 
mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, seminibus circa 3, albis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 239801, collected on 
“Sand Flat,” Mono County (near Mono Mills), California, at 
an elevation of 7800 ft. in open flats of pumice stone, July 15, 
1932, by Victor Duran, No. 3343, in whose honor it is named, 
His specimens are always very good and from localities where 
but little collecting has been done. 

Mrs. Lester Rowntree collected the same species July 16, 
1935, in earthquake fault region north of Mammoth, on road 
to June Lake, Mono County, California, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 232190. A specimen collected by Mrs. Ynez Whilton Win- 
blad July 28, 1938, at Lundy Lake, Mono County, at an elevation 
of 8500 ft. is the same, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273019. 

This may be the same as L. Breweri var. grandiflorus C. P. 
Smith, but in habit it does not suggest that trailing species and 
the flowers are much larger. 


Lupinus tegeticulatus Eastwood, spec. nov. Densissime czspitosus, 
circa 3 cm. altus, ex radice lignea crassa, tegeticulis 10—15 cm. latis; foliis 
parvis, argenteo-sericeis villis patentibus et adpressis; petiolis 5—20 mm. 
longis, stipulis villosissimis, 8 mm. longis, adnatis 5 mm., partibus liberis 
2—3 mm. longis; foliolis 6 ad 8, conduplicatis, oblanceolatis, obtusis, 4—5 
mm. longis ; racemis vix superantibus folia, subcapitatis ; floribus violaceis, 
circa 6 mm. longis; calyce circa 6 mm. longo; labio superiore bisecto ™%, 
segmentis oblongo-ovatis, acutis; 3 mm. longis, sinu acuto; labio inferiore 
circa 4 mm. longo, ovato, bidentato apice, tecto villis; vexillo obovato, 
glabro, 5—6 mm. longo, 4 mm. lato; alis semi-obovatis, conjunctis, 4.5 mm. 
longis, 2 mm. latis, basi flavescentibus, supra purpureo-lineatis; carina 
falcata, apice purpurea exserta, ciliis paucis medio. 


252 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. IL, NO. 14 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 168549, collected May 26, 
1928, on Mt. Pinos, Ventura County, California, at 8800 ft. on 
gravelly flats on summit ridge, by John Thomas Howell, No. 3850. 
Another specimen from ‘“‘Pine Mt.” was collected by Cecil Hart, 
July 13, 1921, Herb. No. 63270; also A. D. E. Elmer No. 3807, 
collected at Griffins, Ventura County, July, 1902, Herb. No. 
141494. 


This may be the same as L. Brewert var. bryoides C. P. Smith, 
described in Jepson FI. Calif. 2:266. The description is in- 
sufficient and Mt. Pinos is not the type locality. The uncertainty 
concerning the identity of that variety has induced me to use 
another name which is derived from tegiticulus, a mat, from the 
mats formed by the short stems, densely packed together from 
which the short racemes of purplish-blue flowers barely arise 
above the silvery silky leaves on short scapose peduncles. 

Lupinus Campbellz Eastwood, spec. nov. Densissime sericeus et 
argenteus omnino, nanus, czspitosus ex radice lignea, 5—10 cm. altus ; peti- 
olis multo longioribus foliolis ; stipulis adnatis 14, attenuatis, 7 mm. longis ; 
foliolis 5 ad 9, oblanceolatis, obtusis, mucronatis, 10—12 mm. longis, circa 
4 mm. latis; pedunculis scaposis, floribus violaceis, capitatis vel racemosis 
et verticillatis, 8 mm. longis, pedicellis brevioribus calycibus, bracteis de- 
ciduis, superantibus gemmas, linearibus, acuminatis; calyce basi saccato, 
labio inferiore lanceolato, acuto, labio superiore bisecto %, segmentis 
lineari-lanceolatis, approximatis, sinu acuto; vexillo cbovato, 8 mm. longo, 
6 mm. lato, dorso villoso, margine crispo, purpureo et albo-maculato; alis 
oblongis, plerumque brevioribus vexillo, stipitibus circa 2 mm. longis ; carina 
glabra, tecta alis, stipite 2 mm. longo. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62136, collected by Mrs. 
Marian L. Campbell, July 14, 1916, near Moraine Lake, Sequoia 
National Park, Tulare County, California. It is a pleasure to 
name this in honor of Mrs. Campbell, who has done so much to 
help in the herbarium and whose collections of alpine plants 
when on trips with the Sierra Club have added other rare and 
valuable species to our herbarium. 


Mrs. Lester Rowntree has also collected this lupine two 
miles below Minaret Summit in Madera County, California, 
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 232191. She found it “in loose 
pumice and conifer humus.” Miss Anita Noldeke, in July, 1934, 
collected much more spreading specimens on Mammoth Saw- 
mill Road, Mono County, California. } 


APRIL, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 253 


The habit is erect, not prostrate and spreading, the peduncles 
scapose, not leafy, the standard densely hairy on the back, 
equaling or generally longer than the wings, purplish and marked 
by a white spot at the top. The wings cover the glabrous keel. 
The plants are white from the dense silvery, silky pubescence. 

A variety occurs in the San Bernardino Mountains with 
flowers and leaflets a little smaller and the branches of the caudex 
thicker : 

Lupinus Campbellz var. bernardinus Eastwood, var. nov. Diftert: 
petiolis brevioribus, foliolis angustioribus ; vexillo zquali alis, carina ciliata; 
racemis longioribus; floribus approximatis; pedunculis sepe folia super- 
antibus. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 172246, collected in sandy 
soil, north side of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mts., San 
Bernardino County, California, July 10, 1927, by John Thomas 
Howell, No. 2745, at 6700 ft. Other specimens from the same 
mountains are: by Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke, June, 1928, Herb. 
No. 157594; and by Martha Hilend, No. 525, from Upper 
Holcomb Valley, June, 1930, Herb. No. 183785. In the latter 
three plants are represented, one with leaves narrower than in 
the others. 

This variety has the flowers the same shape, the banner hairy 
on the back but not longer than the wings, conspicuously white- 
spotted at the apex. The keel is more or less ciliate. The leaflets 
are generally a little narrower with shorter petioles and the 
peduncles in some plants surpass the leaves. The plants while 
forming mats are erect and not trailing as is L. Breweri Gray. 


NEW WESTERN PLANTS 
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 


Eriogonum zionis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis, erecta, 
4 dm. alta ex caudice ligneo, folioso, simplici vel pauci-ramoso; foliis 
oblongo-ovatis ad ovatis, ad 3.5 cm. longis et 2.5 cm. latis, obtusis vel sub- 
acutis, breviter cuneatis vel cordatis, dense appresso-tomentosis infra, 
tenuiter flocculentis supra, petiolis gracilibus, ad 6 cm. longis; inflores- 
centia racemosa, ramis substrictis vel paulum patentibus, pedunculis et 
ramis glabris, glaucis, pallide flavovirentibus, internodis perspicue inflatis 
sursum, bracteis externe glabris, tomentosis interne; involucris sessilibus, 
late cylindraceo-campanulatis, 2 mm. longis, circa 1.5 mm. latis, subtrun- 
catis, tomentosis ; segmentis perianthii viridi-flavescentibus, costa viridiore 


254 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 14 


vel raro rubescenti, exterioribus et interioribus similibus, oblongis, obtusis, 
2.5 mm. longis et patentibus sub anthesi, fructiferis ad 4 mm. longis et 
subrectis; antheris roseis sub anthesi exsertis, filamentis pubescentibus 
basi; achenio lineari, anguste 3-alato ex basi, rostro plus minusve exserto, 
fulvo, cellulari. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273861, collected in Zion 
National Park on the Mt. Carmel Highway in the canyon of 
Clear Creek, Washington County, Utah, by Eastwood and 
Howell, No. 6344, Sept. 8, 1938. 

Eriogonum zienis seems clearly related to E. racemosum 
Nutt., but, since our plant differs so definitely in its yellow-green 
glaucous upwardly inflated peduncles and in its smaller greenish- 
yellow flowers, we believe it is specifically distinct. The only 
pubescence visible in the upper part of the plant is the woolly 
covering of the tiny involucres and the woolly collar that borders 
the subtending bracts. In anthesis the rosy anthers are exserted 
and in fruit the yellowish beak of the slender narrowly 3-winged 
achene equals or exceeds the somewhat enlarged perianth. 

Aquilegia fontinalis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis omnino 
viscido-pubescens, 0.6—1 m. alta; caulibus dense viscido-villosis ex basi, 
paulum crassis, 3—4 mm. diametro; foliis basalibus triternatis, ad 5 dm. 
longis, petiolis et petiolulis dense viscido-glandulosis, foliolis subrotundis, 
irregulariter et crasse lobatis vel partitis, paulum crassis et subcoriaceis, 
viridibus et sparse glanduloso-villosis et subglabris supra, pallidioribus 
vel glaucescentibus et viscido-villosis infra; foliis caulinis paucis, minori- 
bus; lobis bractearum linearibus vel lineari-oblongis; pedunculis velutinis, 
viscidis, ad 1 dm. longis, floribus nutantibus, magnis, 4—5 cm. diametro; 
sepalis viscidulis, rubescentibus, ovato-lanceolatis, subacuminatis, 1.5—3 
cm. longis, patentibus vel reflexis; calcaribus inflexis in alabastro, sub 
anthesi subrectis, subtruncatis, 2.5—3 cm. longis, 1 cm. diametro supra, 
viscidulo-pubescentibus, glandibus conspicuis, 3 mm. diametro, lamina 
brevissima, leviter crenulata vel emarginata, flavescenti ; staminibus glabris ; 
stylis 11 mm. longis; ovario viscido-villoso. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273838, collected along 
a rivulet on serpentine, Prefumo Canyon, San Luis Range, San 
Luis Obispo County, California, June 14, 1938, by Eastwood and 
Howell, No. 5934. This columbine was growing with Cirsium 
fontinale (Greene) Jepson var. obispoense J. T. Howell; and, in 
drier places in the adjacent chaparral grew Carex obispoensis 
Stacey, Dudleya maurina Eastwood and Lomatium parvifolium 
(H. & A.) Jepson var. pallidum (C. & R.) Jepson. 

Aquilegia fontinalis is perhaps most closely related to A. trun- 


APRIL, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 255 


cata F. & M. from which it is readily distinguished by the dense 
viscid-villous vesture that covers nearly the whole plant and by 
the coarser and larger parts of nearly all structures. So gummy 
is the indument that innumerable small insects stick to the stems 
and petioles where they have been entrapped. In general aspect 
our plant resembles more closely A. Tracyi Jepson, which is also 
a glandular-gummy species but in that the leaves are not so com- 
pound and the spur is obliquely truncate. In bud, the spurs in 
A. Tracyi are divergently radiate; in A. fontinalis, A. truncata 
and A. formosa Fisch., the spurs are incurved in bud. 

Aquilegia formosa Fisch. forma anomala J. T. Howell, f. nov. Petalis 
brevibus, circa 5 mm. longis, late cucullatis, non longe calcaratis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273836, collected in the 
canyon of the South Fork of the Salmon River near Big Flat, 
Siskiyou County, California, at an elevation of about 5000 ft., 
July 22, 1937, J. T. Howell No. 13291. 

The peculiar flower of this nearly spurless columbine was 
strikingly different from the flowers of normal plants which 
grew in the region. 


Plagiobothrys uncinatus J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba annua, 
0.8—3 cm. alta, purpureo-tincta; caulibus paucis vel multis ex basi, diver- 
gentibus vel suberectis, setis divaricatis hispidulis et pilis reflexis brevi- 
oribus mollibus tenuiter vestitis ; foliis hispidulis, 1—2 cm. longis, basalibus 
oblongis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, caulinis ovato-oblongis ad ovatis ; cauli- 
bus floriferis prope ex basi, floribus distantibus vel apice ramulorum 
subcongestis, breviter pedicellatis; calyce prope ad basin diviso, setulis 
numerosis uncinatis vestito, sub anthesi circa 1 mm. longo, calyce fruc- 
tifero 2—2.5 mm. longo, lobis erectis vel appressis; corolla 1.5 mm. longa, 
circa 1 mm. lata; nuculis 1—1.3 mm. longis et latis, late ovatis, sub- 
nitentibus, griseis, dorso in medio et angulis lateralibus leviter carinatis 
et paululum transverse rugulosis et vix tuberculatis inter carinas, ventro 
ex apice ad medium carinatis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 254469, collected at the 
Santa Lucia Camp in the canyon of the Arroyo Seco, Santa Lucia 
Mts., Monterey County, California, May 10, 1936, by Eastwood 
and Howell, No. 2416. Another collection was made at The 
Pinnacles, San Benito County, May 19, 1937, J. T. Howell 
No. 12950. These two localities, in mountains on either side of 
the Salinas Valley, indicate a distributional pattern that is 
occasionally found in some of the more restricted species occur- 


256 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. II, NO. 14 


ring in the region, such as that of Dentaria cuneata Greene 
and Amsinckia vernicosa H. & A. (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 1:14 
and 2: 190). 


Plagiobothrys uncinatus is most nearly related to P. myoso- 
toides (Lehm.) Brand, but a comparison of the two collections 
cited above with a suite of South American specimens of P. my- 
osotoides, which were kindly loaned for study from the United 
States National Herbarium by Dr. W. R. Maxon, has indicated 
differences that we believe may be regarded as specific. Whereas 
the numerous bristles which clothe the calyx of P. myosotoides 
are straight, in P. uncinatus they are uniformly uncinate, a con- 
dition which has already been described by Dr. I. M. Johnston as 
“probably unique in the genus” (Jour. Arn. Arbor. 20: 383,— 
1939). Besides this very evident character, differences in the 
vesture, flowers and fruit may be contrasted in the two entities 
to emphasize their distinctness. In P. myosotoides, the hairs near 
the ends of the stems are bristly and ascending, in P. uncinatus 
rigid bristles are divaricate while close to the stem are finer 
reflexed hairs. In the South American specimens, the corolla 
is relatively showy with limb about as broad as the length of the 
tube (about 2 mm.) ; in the Californian P. uncinatus, the limb 
is narrow and not much wider than the tube (about 1 mm.). 
In shape, the nutlets of the two species are nearly alike, but in 
the South American material examined the dark brown nutlets 
are a little larger than the grayish ones of P. uncinatus and are 
adorned with more prominent ridges and roughenings. Accord- 
ing to Brand’s description (Pflanzenr. IV. 252, heft 97: 108,— 
1931), it would seem that the Californian plant has a more robust 
habit and broader leaves; and, whereas the fruiting calices of 
P. uncinatus closely envelop the nutlets, the German monog- 
rapher describes those of P. myosotoides as stellately spreading. 


The discovery of this distinctive plant in California is of 
special interest since only within the last year Dr. Johnston has 
reported from California two collections of P. myosotoides, one 
from the Mt. Hamilton Range in Santa Clara County, the other 
from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Fresno County 
(Johnston, lit. cit., p. 381). The specimens of P. uncinatus were 
annotated “Plagiobothrys myosotoides var.” by Dr. Johnston 
when he examined them in 1939. 


Vot. Il No. 15 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


Y 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Notes on Plants of New Mexico—II . . . . . 257 
A. L. HersHey 

memes an Ceamotnus— LV a.) we he ae ee 
JoHN THomMas Howe yi 

Se Tr CAteTi, Primate (fk) che NR A uo oe a 
A.ice EAstTwoop 

paants.¥y orthy of Note—V  .o on. ee a et 


JoHN THomas Howe. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
Jury 18, 1940 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEstT. Bor. 


Dae AVIAN AB UNG le A 


feeeouaygvvnnpenngucnajovagganegee ay suuapaen gua yo ang sten eee ee angen 


Owned and published by 


Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomAs Howe. 


JULY, 1940] NOTES ON PLANTS OF NEW MEXICO 257 


NOTES ON PLANTS OF NEW MEXICO—II 


BY A. L. HERSHEY 
New Mexico State College 

In the southern part of New Mexico lies the greater portion 
of a low mountain range known as the Guadalupe Mountains. 
The rocks of this range are mostly of sedimentary origin. The 
water has cut deep canyons through the limestone and sandstone 
formations producing steep cliffs and narrow canyons. Spring 
and winter rains furnish sufficient water to maintain permanent 
streams or pools in some of the canyons, but the lower canyons 
are dry most of the year. During the spring and summer of 
1939 the writer had the privilege of making two trips into this 
region and collecting many plants which may represent new 
additions or new distributional records for the state. 

In the canyons where the first permanent pools of water are 
found, Selaginella Pringlei Baker occurs in abundance on the 
rocky banks. The plants are typical of the so-called “resurrection 
plants” but somewhat smaller than S. lepidophylla Hook. The 
latter, however, is reported in the same region on the eastern 
slopes of the mountains. Selaginella Pringlei spreads open in the 
spring while moisture is sufficient, but becomes dried and coiled 
into small tufts in July when the moisture in this region is scarce. 
This species was first reported from New Mexico and specimens 
were filed at the New Mexico State College Herbarium by Leslie 
N. Goodding in 1936. More extensive collections were made by 
the writer in May and July of 1939. 


Cladium jamaicense Crantz, a coarse, leafy perennial with 
large, branching, terminal panicles is common along the streams 
on the canyon floors. This plant has been reported from near 
Roswell. This probably represents a further extension of its 
range in New Mexico. 

Agave Lecheguilla Torr. has evidently extended its range 
within the state. If it was formerly as common as now one would 
not have expected Wooton and Standley (1915) to have written 
that this species “is said to occur along the southern border.” 
It may be that overgrazing in this region has promoted the spread 
of the species northward. It is now very conspicuous on the 
eastern slopes of the Guadalupe Mountains from the state line 


Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 257-272, July 18, 1940. 


LIE 
NEW 
Bor, 

GA! 


258 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 15 


northward for several miles. It is also common on the foothills 
at the southern end of the Organ Mountains. 

Two of the most attractive trees of the region are Ostrya 
Baileyi Rose and Arbutus texana Buckl. These trees grow in 
the lower, drier portions of the canyons. Ostrya Baileyi is some- 
what similar to an elm in appearance and habit of growth. The 
dark green foliage and small clusters of bladder-like fruits make 
the tree very attractive and it may have possibilities as an orna- 
mental. Arbutus texana is a conspicuous evergreen tree with 
orange-colored, exfoliating bark. Very frequently the trunk 
branches at the ground, forming several trunks of equal size. 
The clusters of white or flesh-colored flowers are beautiful in the 
spring, while the clusters of dark red berries and green leaves 
are most attractive in the fall. 

The most common oak at the lower end of the canyons is 
Quercus Muhlenbergii Engelm. This oak has been reported 
previously from the Capitan Mountains farther northward, the 
collection from the Guadalupe Mountains being a second record 
in New Mexico. It was reported from the Guadalupe Mountains 
of Texas in 1901. 

One of the most interesting plants collected was Polygala 
rimulicola Steyermark, which grows in association with Selagi- 
nella Pringlei on the rocky cliffs and bottom of canyons near 
permanent pools of water. It was described a few years ago 
from the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas and appears to be an 
endemic in this range. Its northern limits of distribution have 
not been determined. As observed in this locality near the state 
line, the plants grow rather prostrate on the rocky ledges near 
springs or pools. Its bluish, irregular blossoms are produced in 
abundance during the summer. 

In similar habitats the perennial Valeriana texana Steyermark 
was common. This may also be the first report of this plant 
from New Mexico. 

During the month of July one of the most conspicuous plants 
of the mountains is Laphamia quinqueflora Steyermark. These 
plants occur equally abundantly in the drier and moister canyons, 
growing at various heights on steep, perpendicular walls of rock. 
The heads are composed of yellow disk flowers, no ray flowers 
being present. The leaves are rather small and somewhat succu- 
lent. This is probably the first report of this species within the 
state. 


JULY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 259 


STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS—IV 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 
w 

At many points where the distribution of two species of 
Ceanothus are contiguous or overlap, hybrid-like forms between 
them have been frequently noted; and so it has been generally 
agreed by both field and herbarium workers in this genus that 
many of the sporadic individuals exhibiting characters inter- 
mediate between two otherwise distinct species have almost cer- 
tainly arisen through hybridization. Such a conclusion, while 
not based on the results of genetic or experimental studies, is 
deduced with a reasonable degree of certainty, not only because 
of the morphologic characteristics exhibited by the plants in 
question, but also because of their distributional relation to speci- 
mens of the parent-suspects. It is my belief that some of the 
more perplexing problems in the genus will not be properly 
understood until the question of possible hybridization has been 
investigated. 

The consideration of the question of hybridization between 
the species of Ceanothus in the subgenus Cerastes in the Santa 
Rosa-Sonoma region of Sonoma County, California, has pro- 
vided information on the entities involved and has suggested the 
possible origin of one or more of the entities that have been pro- 
posed as species. The area where this particular study was made 
is on the low hills bordering the northern part of the Hood Mt. 
Range about six miles from Santa Rosa on the road to Sonoma. 
The first observations and collections were made by Mr. M. S. 
Baker, and later, on two occasions he and I visited the area to- 
gether, making abundant collections and noting the apparently 
unending series of variations exhibited. 

The shrubby association where our population of suspected 
hybrids grows is composed almost entirely of Ceanothus sub- 
genus Cerastes and the plants form an open thicket on land that 
was once cleared and planted to vines but which has been allowed 
to revert to a wild state. In habit the plants vary from nearly 
prostrate to strictly and rigidly erect. The leaves, although 
always more or less toothed, vary greatly in size and shape, from 
tiny cuneate-deltoid forms to oblong and even large suborbicular 
forms. The flowers are generally purplish-blue though some- 


260 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. II, NO. 15 


times they are almost white and many intermediate shades are 
to be found. In fruit, variations are to be observed also, not so 
much in size as in the development and conformation of the horns 
and intermediate crests. 

Although hybridization was thought of almost immediately 
as a possible cause of this series of variations, it was practically 
impossible at first to analyze the perplexing complex and to 
determine what entities might have hybridized and produced it. 
The habit of one plant (Howell No. 12613) with subprostrate 
stems was nearly typical of C. confusus Howell, but the leaves 
were too broad; another plant (Howell No. 12617) with a sub- 
erect, sprawling habit had oblong to oblanceolate leaves quite 
like those of C. confusus. A plant with erect rigid stems and 
broad multi-dentate leaves, as shown by Howell No. 12619, was 
distinctly reminiscent of C. gloriosus Howell; and another plant 
as shown by Baker No. 8030 recalled C. divergens Parry in its 
broad leaves with more deeply toothed margins. A rigid shrub 
with habit of C. cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. bore flowers that were 
nearly white which is also characteristic of that species, but the 
leaves were too broad and toothed all around (Howell No. 
12898). In Baker No. 8032 the same kind of short broad leaves 
were frequently subentire. And yet another plant (Howell No. 
12905) in its more diffuse habit, tiny leaves and more scattered 
flowers was nearly, if not quite, representative of C. sonomensis 
Howell, the species to which many variants in the area bear a 
more or less suggestive resemblance. Unlike anything to be 
found in any of the species in the region were yet other plants: 
one with leaves almost hoary-pubescent (Howell No. 12616), 
another with flowers of a peculiar rosy-purple hue (Howell No. 
12900), and yet another (Howell No. 12618) with elongate horns 
that equalled in length the diameter of the fruit which carried 
them (these fruits in marked contrast to those of Howell No. 
12621 in which the horns were thick, stubby and rugose-crested). 
Thus every structure that may be regarded as characteristic of 
one or another of the species of Ceanothus subgenus Cerastes 
growing between the Santa Rosa and Napa valleys has found 
expression in some individual or other in this extraordinary 
‘association. 

In an attempt to analyze this situation, attention was next 


JULY, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 261 


directed to the several entities which occur in the region which 
seemed to be implicated in the complex. In the end this led to 
what I have written about Ceanothus, first to the naming of 
C. gloriosus, and more recently to the reconsideration of C. di- 
vergens with the segregation and description of C. confusus and 
C. sonomensis. With these entities distinguished from what has 
been regarded by some as C. prostratus in a very broad and 
derived sense, we are able to make several observations on the 
hybrid population we are considering. 


My interpretation would be to regard C. gloriosus and 
C. confusus as the two old well-established species which have 
contributed most to the set of variations we have observed. 
Although the habits of most of the plants are erect (as in C. glorio- 
sus as it occurs in the Santa Rosa region), the tendency of some 
to be low or subprostrate clearly indicates the influence of 
C. confusus, and the leaves of the plants in a general survey are 
more like those of C. confusus than of C. gloriosus. The type 
with erect habit but with the leaves of C. confusus brings us 
through several variations to C. sonomensis which, as I have 
indicated above, seems to occur in nearly or quite typical form 
in the area. I believe that it is not beyond reason to suggest that 
C. sonomensis may have originated as a hybrid-derivative of an 
ancient cross between C. gloriosus and C. confusus. Because 
I found it established as a uniform and dominant shrub in a large 
area some miles to the south in the same range, I recognized it 
as a distinct specific entity in spite of the hybrid-like intermedi- 
ates which abound in the association we are considering as well 
as occasionally elsewhere in the Mt. Hood Range. Evidence 
from the field occurrence of such intermediates and from the 
type of variability shown by them in herbarium specimens makes 
me certain that they should not be used to invalidate the specific 
differences between C. confusus and C. sonomensis. 

Although certain specimens from our hybrid patch are sug- 
gestive of C. divergens, I do not believe that that species arose 
from the particular cross we have suggested here. That species 
is apparently also related to C. confusus and it may be a hybrid 
derivative of that species and some form of the C. gloriosus 
group, such as C. purpureus Jepson in the Napa Valley region. 
In fact, C. divergens seems to bear to C. confusus much the same 


262 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. II, NO. 15 


relation that C. sonomensis bears to that species; both are very 
likely hybrid-derivatives and are not too readily segregated be- 
cause of hybrid-like intermediates which may be of recent origin 
or may be survivals from some more remote cross. 

Although there is good evidence that C. cuneatus has entered 
into the complex of variants which we have been considering, 
I do not believe that the influence of that species is to be sought 
for in the formation of such entities as C. divergens or C. sono- 
mensis. Rather the influence of C. cuneatus seems to be rela- 
tively recent. Although we have enough to puzzle about with 
what we find now and how the present state may have come 
about, it occurs to me that it is not impossible that given enough 
time and all else being equal, as much may come out of the 
C. cuneatus influence noted here as has apparently come out of 
an ancient cross between C. confusus and C. gloriosus. 

I have regarded this matter of sufficient importance to treat 
it in considerable detail: first, because it seems to have a real 
bearing on entities I have recognized as species; and second, 
because other problems in Ceanothus may be elucidated if not 
explained by similar investigations. In this way we should prob- 
ably interpret the Ceanothus complex between C. gloriosus, 
C. ramulosus (Greene) McMinn and C. Jepsonu Greene on 
Mt. Tamalpais and Bolinas Ridge in Marin County, as well as 
those intermediate populations of rather frequent occurrence in 
the South Coast Ranges which confuse the specific concepts 
of C. rigidus Nutt. and C. ramulosus. The suggested origin of 
C. sonomensis through the geographic segregation of a vigorous 
hybrid-derivative may perhaps suggest an hypothesis to explain 
the occurrence of such localized and distinctive species as C. pur- 
pureus Jepson and C. Ferrise McMinn, neither of which seems 
to be a relict as does typical C. rigidus. 

My general conclusion is that anyone interested in the 
taxonomy and the possible evolution of entities in the subgenus 
Cerastes of Ceanothus cannot disregard the probable effect of 
hybridization and that some of our puzzling entities can be more 
definitely limited as taxonomic units with the proper study and 
interpretation of intermediates of suspected hybrid origin. 


JULY, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 263 


NEW WESTERN PLANTS 
BY ALICE EASTWOOD 

Iris Douglasiana Herbert var. mendocinensis Eastwood, var. nov. 
A specie differt : caulibus gracilibus, elatis ; foliis pallide viridibus, angustis ; 
floribus minoribus. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 265865, collected July 11, 
1938, near Pt. Arena, Mendocino Co., California, by Eastwood 
and Howell, No. 6249. The previous year on May 31 a younger 
specimen was collected at the same place. 

This is a remarkably slender-stemmed and _ slender-leaved 
variety of Jris Douglasiana with smaller flowers having more 
spreading divisions of the perianth. The stems are simple or two- 
branched near the top, each slender branch terminated by the 
spathes which include from 1 to 3 flowers. The leaves are pale 
green, 5 to 7 mm, wide. The inner spathe generally reaches the 
base of the perianth, the outer one is much shorter. 

Iris humboldtiana Eastwood, spec. noy. Caules foliosi, glabri, erecti, 
circa 7 dm. alti; foliis radicalibus brevioribus caulibus, pallido-viridibus, 
angustis, attenuatis, foliis caulinis 2 vel 3, basi amplexicaulibus, supra 
divaricatis, attenuatis ; spathis foliis similibus, unifloris, spatha interiore 9.5 
cm. longa, exteriore 7—8 cm. longa; floribus pallidis, segmentis exteriori- 
bus perianthii spatulatis, obtusis, 6 cm. longis, 15 mm. latis, interioribus 
lineari-oblongis, obtusis, 6 cm. longis, circa 5 mm. latis; antheris 2 cm. 
longis, apice brevi-bisectis, basi sagittatis, filamentis 5 mm. longis, anguste 
linearibus ; stigmatis cristis linearibus, 2—2.5 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, 
apice obtusis, acutis vel nonnumquam pauci-erosis ; squamis late triangulari- 
bus, apice leviter erosis, hastilibus 4 mm. latis; tubo perianthii 6 cm. longo, 
tenui, apice latiore ; ovario sessili vel breviter stipitato; capsula circa 3 cm. 
longa, apiculata. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 246263, collected June 24, 
1937, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4857, on the road to Horse 
Mt., Humboldt Co., California. 

The long tube of the perianth allies it with ris macrosiphon, 
but it is unlike it in other features. While the tube of the perianth 
is shorter than the inner spathe, yet it curves outwards and is 
conspicuous. The flowers are very pale; definite color notes were 
not recorded when the flowers were fresh. 

Another collection by Eastwood and Howell, No. 4844, col- 
lected June 23, 1937, five miles from Kneeland on the road to 
Yager, Humboldt Co., seems to be the same. The leaves are 
broader on young shoots and the tube of the perianth protrudes 


264 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 15 


from the spathes and surpasses them, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 246272. 


Iris macrosiphon Torr. var. elata Eastwood, var. nov.* 
Typical Iris macrosiphon was collected near Corte Madera, 
Marin Co., California, by Dr. J. M. Bigelow and described by 
Torrey in 1857, at the time Corte Madera embraced much of the 
country along the bay from the present Corte Madera to Ross. 
It is quite common on the Sausalito Hills, Mt. Tamalpais and the 
hills west of Fairfax. The plants grow in mats, often 1 m. across, 
with the stems very short, scarcely 1 dm. high when the flower 
is included. The leaves are long and narrow, almost hiding the 
flowers below. The long tube of the perianth has been considered 
the chief distinguishing mark of this species and all with this 
tube have been included under J. macrosiphon. Among these are 
plants with flowering leafy stems much taller, some 6 dm. high 
that overtop most of the leaves. These seem to be deserving of 
varietal rank since their appearance is so different from that of 
the type, and I am taking as the type of this variety a specimen 
collected May 16, 1938, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 5565, at 
Clear Lake Park, Lake Co., California, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
No. 265863. This specimen is 6 dm. tall, stems with 2 or 3 leaves 
and with flowers with a delicate fragrance. Other similar speci- 
mens from Napa and Mendocino counties are in Herb. Calif. 
Acad. Sci. 


Lotus purpurascens Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis ramosus, ex radice 
lignea, 2—3 dm. altus, canescens villis brevibus; foliis brevi-petiolatis, 
13-foliolatis, foliolis oblongis vel subovatis, 10—15 mm. longis, 5—10 mm. 
latis, mucronatis ; stipulis lanceolatis, acuminatis, 4 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis; 
floribus 5 ad 8 in umbellis, purpurascentibus, circa 13 mm. longis, unguibus 
exsertis; pedunculis folia superantibus, bracteis 7-foliolatis, 1—6 cm. ex 
umbellis ; calyce atro-purpureo, circa 5 mm. longo, tubo glabro vel villoso, 
dentibus deltoideis, ciliatis, circa 1.5 mm. longis; vexillo suborbiculato, 
5 mm. lato, ungue 5 mm. longo; alis lineari-oblongis, 6 mm. longis, basi 
auriculatis; carina subcuneata apice, 4 mm. lata, basi auriculata; tubo 
staminorum circa 9 mm. longo; capsulis immaturis falcatis. 


Type: No. 253440, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 31, 
1937, in a gulch on a road towards the Garcia River about 3 miles 
east of Pt. Arena, Mendocino Co., California, by Eastwood and 
Howell, No. 4476. 


* Iris macrosiphon Torr. var, elata Eastwood, var. nov. <A specie differt: 
caulibus erectis, elatis, foliosis; floribus fragrantibus. 


JULY, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 265 


This belongs to the aggregate under L. stipularis (Benth.) 
Greene. It differs in the small stipules and dark purple flowers. 
As I do not know the exact type which was collected by Douglas, 
details of other differences cannot be given. The plants grow 
with several branching stems from a woody root. The stems and 
leaves are hoary with a dense pubescence. The dark purple 
flowers are in umbels on long peduncles, with a 5-leaved bract 
above or below the middle. The claws are exserted from the del- 
toid teeth of the calyx which is hairy along the margin, and gener- 
ally, also on the tube. The immature pods are curved and tipped 
by the persistent styles. 

Lotus trifoliolatus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules perennes ex stolonibus 
gracilibus, diffusi, graciles, supra ramosi, glabrati vel infra sparse villosi 
villis longis albis divaricatis, supra villis densioribus; foliis distantibus, 
trifoliolatis, petiolis circa 5 mm. longis vel nullis, foliolis obovatis, 1—2 cm. 
longis, 5—10 mm. latis, integris, plerumque margine ciliatis; stipulis sub- 
orbiculatis vel ovatis, prope foliolis zequalibus; floribus flavis, 5 ad 10 in 
umbellis longo-pedunculatis, pedicellis 1—2 mm. longis; involucri bracteis 
2 vel 3, variabilibus, foliolis brevioribus ; calyce pallido, 7 mm. longo, tubo 
glabro vel villoso, segmentis attenuatis, villoso-ciliatis, eequilongis tubo ; 
vexillo spatulato, 1 cm. longo, 5 mm. lato, prope basin badio-lineato, auricu- 
lato; alarum lamina oblonga, basi auriculata, 8 mm. longa, ungue 3 mm. 
longo; carina 5 mm. longa, falcata, obtusa; tubo staminum 5 mm. longo; 
capsulis immaturis submoniliformibus, stylo longo, persistenti, ovulis multis. 

Type: No. 253438, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected July 3, 
1936, 2 miles east of Crescent City, Del Norte Co., California, 
by Eastwood and Howell, No. 3777. Another collection was 
made by Mrs. Ruby Van Deventer in Del Norte Co. in 1934. 
This is somewhat less hairy than the type. This species comes 
nearest to L. oblongifolius, differing in the trifoliolate leaves, 
color of flowers and shape of the parts, and the peculiar fine white 
long spreading hairs, sometimes wanting on the lower stems and 
generally sparse but becoming dense on the upper parts of the 
plant. 

Several wiry scraggly stems arise from slender creeping 
rootstocks. The trifoliolate leaves are separated by conspicuous 
internodes. The yellow flowers are in close umbels on long, some- 
what spreading peduncles, and below the umbels are involucral 
leaves, varying in shape and size, no two alike and shorter than 
the flowers. The lower leaves are on short petioles, the upper- 
most sessile and sometimes reduced to one leaflet. 


266 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 15 


Lupinus Dalesz Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules 2—4 dm. alti, ramosi ex 
basi et supra, omnino densissime albo-lanati villis adpressis et divarcatis ; 
foliolis oblanceolatis, circa 2 cm. longis, 3—6 mm. latis, apice mucronatis, 
petiolis brevioribus foliolis, stipulis inferioribus falcatis, adnatis, reflexis, 
stipulis superioribus lineari-subulatis ; racemis vix folia superantibus, pedun- 
culis 2—3 cm. longis, pedicellis erectis, equilongis vel brevioribus calycibus, 
bracteis deciduis, lineari-attenuatis, brevioribus calycibus; calyce circa 
5 mm. longo, vix saccato basi, labio superiore 4 mm. longo, bidentato, denti- 
bus divaricatis, 1 mm. longis, labio inferiore 4 mm. longo, inconspicue 
tridentato; corolla 1 cm. longa, primo flava, alis et vexillo denum fuscis 
et carina alba; vexillo orbiculato, 9 mm. lato, angustato basi, villoso dorso, 
reflexo; alis oblongis, circa 3 mm. latis; carina glabra, falcata, non tecta 
alis ; legumine ignoto. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 276698, collected May 12, 
1940, 2.4 miles east of Meadow Valley Inn, near Quincy in 
Plumas Co., California, by E. Dales Cantelow (Mrs. H.C.). It 
is with pleasure that I name this beautiful and distinctive lupine 
in honor of Mrs. Cantelow. Her enthusiastic interest in collect- 
ing on the many trips which she and her husband enjoy has 
brought valuable contributions to our herbarium. This lupine 
belongs in the large group characterized by the naked falcate 
keel, the apex and back of which are not covered by the wings. 
It is a lovely species, the small yellow flowers set off by the dense 
white woolly pubescence of the leaves and stems. 


Lupinus Hendersoni Eastwood, spec. nov. Supra corymboso-ramosus 
omnino argenteo-sericeus villis densis, tenuibus, adpressis; foliolis 6 ad 8, 
erectis, conduplicatis, longissimis 6 cm. longis, apertis circa 1 cm. latis, 
oblanceolatis, breviter acuminatis; petiolis nonnihil brevioribus foliolis; 
stipulis adnatis 14, attenuatis, circa 5 mm. longis; pedunculis brevibus, 
tectis foliis, racemis exsertis, verticillatis, 6—8 cm. longis, bracteis deciduis, 
pedicellis brevioribus calycibus; floribus circa 15 mm. longis, violaceis ; 
calyce calcarato, 1 cm. longo, calcare prope 2 mm. longo, labio superiore 
ovato, bidentato, 5 mm. longo, labio inferiore 9—10 mm. longo, falcato, 
acuminato ; vexillo et alis equilongis; vexillo glabro, reflexo, circa 15 mm. 
longo et lato, supra ferrugineo et atropunctato; alis 6 mm. latis, stipitibus 
2 mm. longis; carina ciliata supra medium. 


Type: No. 148888, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected at 
Alvord Ranch, east Steins Mts., Harney Co., Oregon, June 7, 
1927, by L. F. Henderson, No. 8119. I am happy to name this 
beautiful lupine in honor of one who is so well known for the 
work that he has done to further the knowledge of western plants. 

This was labelled L. caudatus Kellogg and certainly is related. 
It has the same pubescence, branching habit and blue-purple 


JULY, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 267 


flowers ; but the flowers are much larger and the spur of the calyx 
more like that of L. calcaratus Kellogg. Unlike both, the banner 
is smooth on the back. While it may perhaps be regarded as a 
subspecies of L. caudatus, I prefer to name it as a species. It is 
really much lovelier than either of its allies. 


Lupinus marinensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Suffrutescens, erectus, 
ramosus basi et supra, argenteo-sericeus villis adpressis, circa 3—4 dm. 
altus ; foliolis 6 ad 9, falcatis, conduplicatis, oblanceolatis, circa 2 cm. longis, 
3—5 mm. latis; petiolis 5 cm. longis; stipulis adnatis 2 mm., partibus liberis 
attenuatis; racemis circa 9 cm. longis, pedunculis zquilongis, bracteis 
caducis, brevioribus calyce; floribus purpureis, circa 1 cm. longis et latis; 
calyce basi gibboso, 2 mm. lato, labio superiore ovato, 5 mm. longo, 4 mm. 
lato, bidentato, dentibus approximatis, labio inferiore ovato-lanceolato, 
7 mm, longo, acuto; vexillo orbiculato, 8 mm. diametro, glabro, reflexo, 
basi saccato; alis conjunctis, 1 cm. longis; carina falcata, glabra, exserta. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 272809, collected May 22, 
1938, in San Anselmo Canyon, Marin Co., California, by John 
Thomas Howell, No. 13787. 

This probably is related to L. Chamissonis of the dunes, but 
it is suffrutescent and not shrubby, the habit more open, the leaves 
more distant and on much longer petioles, the stipules less adnate 
and shorter, the flowers smaller and the keel more falcate, giving 
the flower a different shape. 


Lupinus minutifolius Eastwood, spec. nov. Nanus, cespitosus, ex 
radice lignea, densissime foliosus; foliis implicatis, petiolis longis, gracili- 
bus, multo longioribus foliolis, longissimis circa 5 cm. longis; stipulis % 
adnatis, linearibus, obtusis; foliolis 4 ad 6, conduplicatis, anguste obovatis 
vel oblanceolatis, circa 5—6 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, supra glabris, infra 
sericeis ; pedunculis scaposis, gracilibus, folia superantibus, racemis brevi- 
bus, densifloris, bracteis deciduis, brevioribus gemmis, pedicellis brevioribus 
calycibus ; floribus violaceis, 8—9 mm. longis; calyce sericeo, basi saccato, 
labio superiore 3 mm. longo, bisecto ad medium, labio inferiore zquilongo, 
tridentato, dentibus filiformibus ; vexillo breviore alis, primo propinquo alis, 
ultimo reflexo, 5 mm. lato, apice albo-maculato, deinde purpureo, glabro; 
alis 8.5 mm. longis, circa 3 mm. latis; carina vix tecta alis, prope erecta, 
medio 2 mm. lata, ciliata ex medio ad apicem purpureum. 


Type: No. 148901, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected on 
rather dry flats above Fish Lake, 6400 ft. elev., Steins Moun- 
tains, Harney Co., Oregon, July 20, 1927, by L. F. Henderson, 
No. 8132. 

This low alpine lupine differs from its allies in the glabrous 
upper leaf-surface, also in the shape of the flowers. When first 


268 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. II, NO. 15 


in bloom all parts of the corolla are erect and close together. 
It is with reluctance that I name a new species in this perplexing 
group allied to L. Lyall, but the differences set it off as distinct. 
The plants are densely tufted with the branches of the caudex 
very short and concealed by the closely investing leaves which 
form a mat from which the slender leafless peduncles arise, sur- 
passing the leaves. These have very small leaflets smooth on the 
upper surface and pubescent beneath. The hue of the leaves is 
greenish, the pubescence sericeous, appressed and somewhat 
spreading, not silvery. 

Lupinus perglaber Eastwood, spec. nov. Glaber ubique, erectus, circa 
5 dm. altus; caule flavescente, evidenter simplici et paucifolioso; foliis 
radicalibus longo-petiolatis, petiolis 15 cm. longis; stipulis adnatis 10 mm., 
partibus liberis filiformibus, divaricatis, brevibus; foliolis 7 ad 11, sub- 
spatulato-oblanceolatis, glaucis, apice obtusis et apiculatis, petiolis foliorum 
caulinorum circa equalibus foliolis; racemis 15—20 cm. longis, pedunculis 
6—8 cm. longis; floribus verticillatis, circa 12 mm. longis, albis, carina 
apice purpurea; calyce albo, membranaceo, basi 3 cm. lato, labio superiore 
ovato, acuminato, circa 6 mm. longo, labio inferiore simili; vexillo circa 
12 mm. longo, 10 mm. lato, reflexo; alis 15 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis; carina 
curvata, circa 12 mm. longa, medio circa 4—5 mm. lata, glabra. 


Type: No. 63265, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected at Castle 
Lake, Siskiyou Co., California, July 24, 1921, by Alice Eastwood, 
No. 10715. 

This seems unlike any lupine known to me. It may belong 
to the L. latifolius group. The plant is smooth in every part, the 
leaves are glaucous, those from the root on long petioles, those 
on the stem few and with petioles about as long as the leaflets. 
The flowers are white except the purple tip of the keel which is 
exserted when the flower becomes old. The calyx is also white 
and membranous. The racemes are long with the flowers in 
whorls and the peduncles short. 

Lupinus Tracyi Eastwood, spec. nov. Omnino glaber preter calyces, 
bracteas et legumina; caulibus pluribus ex radice lignea, 4—7 dm. altis, 
supra ramosis, infra sine foliis sed paucibus squamis; foliis glaucis gla- 
brisque, petiolis zequilongis vel brevioribus foliolis; stipulis inferioribus 
longe adnatis, superioribus liberis; foliolis obovatis, 1.5—3 cm. longis, 
10—13 mm. latis, obtusis et mucronatis; racemis brevi-pedunculatis, 4—10 
cm. longis, bracteis lanceolatis, ciliatis, deciduis, superantibus gemmas, 
erectis ; calyce basi gibboso, membranaceo, leviter villoso, tubo circa 2 mm. 


alto, labio superiore oblongo-ovato, 4 mm. longo, bisecto, segmentis circa 
2 mm. longis, labio inferiore circa 6 mm. longo, trisecto %4, segmentis 


JULY, 1940] PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 269 


filiformibus, 2 mm. longis; vexillo circa % alis, glabro, reflexo; alis 1 cm. 
longis, 5 mm. latis ; carina glabra, falcata, tecta alis ; leguminibus immaturis 
albo-villosis. 

Type: Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 502995, collected on ridges 
east of Corral Prairie, Trinity Summit, Klamath Mts., Humboldt 
Co., California, July 15, 1932, by Joseph P. Tracy, No. 10598. 
I am happy in naming this peculiar lupine in honor of one who 
has done so much to make known the flora of Humboldt County. 


This may belong to the group in which L. albicaulis belongs ; 
but it differs most conspicuously from any included in that group 
in the smooth, glaucous foliage. A specimen, No. 10597, col- 
lected the same day near the edge of snow banks, the first plant 
to appear after the melting of the snow, shows the lower stems 
clothed with broad stipules about 1 cm. long and surmounted by 
some tiny leaflets. These fall off or remain as scales on the old 
stems. 


PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE—V 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 
i 

MUuILLA coronaTA Greene. This rare and interesting species 
has recently been collected near Independence, Inyo Co., by 
Mr. Mark Kerr (No. 488, Mar. 20, 1940). Heretofore it has 
been known from the western part of the Mohave Desert in the 
“Antelope Valley and El Paso Mts.” (Munz, Man. S. Calif. 
Bot. 88), so this collection from Inyo Co. is a notable extension 
of range. The only specimen representing this species in Herb. 
Calif. Acad. Sci. before the receipt of Mr. Kerr’s collection is 
one made by Mr. E. Roy Weston in Iron Canyon in the El Paso 
Mts., Kern Co., Mar. 7, 1926. 

The following notes on the field occurrence of this little- 
known species are from Mr. Kerr. “The Muilla was found in 
granite soil of moderate compactness containing some clay in 
boulder-strewn country, not in the washes. The plants were 
scattered west of Independence between 4000 and 5000 feet, - 
usually seen in March and April for a few days according to the 
weather. Shrubs in the vicinity included Coleogyne ramosissima, 
Lycium Andersoni, Chrysothamnus teretifolius, Hymenoclea 
Salsola, Tetradymia spinosa, T. stenolepis ; herbs were Linanthus 


270 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Il, NO. 15 


demissus, Phacelia distans, P. Fremontu, Eriophyllum Pringlet 
and Layia Douglasu.” 


RANUNCULUS ANDERSONII Gray. From Inyo Co., California, 
I have examined the following collections of this species which 
ranges northward to central Oregon and eastward to Nevada and 
Arizona: foothills west of Bishop, Heller No. 8316; between 
Skidoo and Ballarat, Panamint Range, Monnet No. 1242; two 
miles south of the South Fork of Oak Creek, Kerr No. 486. 


MENTZELIA PUBERULA Darlington. When this species was 
originally described only two collections were cited, the type from 
Kane Springs in the Ord Mts. of San Bernardino Co., Cali- 
fornia, and a second collection from the Gila Mts. in southwestern 
Arizona (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:177). However, at the time 
Darlington did her revision, she annotated a collection I had made 
in Surprise Canyon, Panamint Mts., Inyo Co. (Howell No. 3983) 
as M. puberula and specimens recently sent by Mr. Mark Kerr 
from Saline Valley, Inyo Co., seem referable to that species and 
resemble the collection from the Panamint Mts. This extension 
of range I believe is noteworthy, since, from a distributional 
point of view, one would rather expect the Saline Valley and 
Panamint collections to be either M. longiloba Darlington* or 
M. oreophila Darlington, both of which are cited from the moun- 
tains of Inyo Co. (ibid., 176). Jepson in his recent treatment of 
the genus Mentzelia (FI. Calif. 2:528) has apparently referred 
these plants of Inyo Co. to M. leucophylla Brandeg., a species 
which Darlington recognizes only from southwestern Nevada 
(ibid., 156). There is apparent reason for this conservative 
treatment because the characters used by Darlington seem to be 
more or less confluent and rather trivial ; and it would seem that 
further collections and a new evaluation of characters may be 
needed for an understanding of these mentzelias of our south- 
western deserts. Because the entities in this immediate relation- 
ship appear to be of relatively recent origin, we would expect a 
more definite correlation between the distinguishing characters 
used by Darlington and their geographic occurrence if the entities 
are to be accorded the specific recognition she has given them. 


* Darlington gives the distribution of M. longiloba as ‘‘Utah and Cali- 
fornia” (ibid., 176), but, according to a specimen in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. 
which she has annotated, this species is also found in Arizona. This col- 
lection was made by Miss Eastwood (No. 5835) on the Hermit Trail at the 
Grand Canyon in 1916. 


JULY, 1940] PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 271 


OrYCTES NEVADENSIS Wats. On May 6, 1940, four miles 
southeast of Aberdeen, Inyo Co., California, Mr. Mark Kerr 
collected excellent flowering and fruiting specimens of this inter- 
esting solanaceous plant. It is a somewhat viscidulous annual less 
than a span high, usually with 3 main shoots from the base, the 
central one and two lateral. The purple-tinged corolla is tubular 
and the erect lobes of the limb are exceeded by the two longest 
stamens (as is shown in the figure by Wettstein in Engl. & Prantl, 
Nattirlich. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b:12, fig. 6D, but not in the 
figures accompanying the original description by Watson in King, 
Geol. Explor. 40th Par. 5, pl. 28). In fruit the calices are 
strongly accrescent after the manner of those of Chamesaracha 
nana and not at all inflated. The numerous flat seeds of the berry 
are concentrically muriculate and are bordered by a narrow 
hyaline membrane. I have found no reference in the literature 
to the Californian occurrence of this plant which was originally 
described from “near the Big Bend of the Truckee, Nevada,” 
and is reported from “Nevada and Idaho” by Tidestrom (FI. 
Utah and Nev., 471). 

Mr. Kerr writes as follows about this plant. “The Oryctes 
was found on the eastern side of the (Owens) Valley at the 
southern base of a dune in very fine alkaline sand. Some of the 
shrubs were Atriplex confertifolia, A. polycarpa and Tetradymia 
glabrata; another herb was Monoptilon bellidiforme.” 


A PLANTAIN NEw To CALIForNIA. A small annual plantain 
from Chile which has been found in three localities just north 
of San Francisco is an addition to the flora of California of more 
than passing interest since it appears to be an established intro- 
duction. The plant is Plantago truncata Cham. subsp. firma 
(Kunze) Pilger, and in Marin Co. has been collected in the 
meadows near Lake Lagunitas (Howell No. 14672) and from 
grassy slopes in the upper part of the San Anselmo Creek Canyon 
(Howell No. 15396 and No. 15519A) and in Sonoma Co. at the 
summit of the Bennett Valley road west of Kenwood (Eastwood 
& Howell No. 7869). The plant is low (3 to 8 cm. tall) with 
rather few oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic entire or subentire 
leaves and all parts except the corolla are hirsutulous-villous. 
In all the plants that I have seen the corolla is closed even in 
anthesis, but Pilger in his diagnosis of subsp. firma in Das Pflan- 


272 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 15 


zenreich (IV. 269, heft 102:219,—1938) describes the flowers 
as open or closed. There are four stamens and the capsule con- 
tains two dark brown seeds with the inner or hilum-face flat. 

Our Californian plant bears a specific resemblance to a speci- 
men of cultivated origin labelled P. truncata in Herb. Prager. in 
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.; but it would appear that these cultivated 
plants may be part of the original lot grown in St. Petersburg 
over a hundred years ago from Chilean seed from which P. Esch- 
scholtziana F. & M. was described. Eschscholtz’ Plantain, which 
is treated as P. truncata subsp. Eschscholtziana by Pilger (ibid., 
218), differs chiefly in having 3 seeds in some of the capsules. 

ASTER SCOPULORUM Gray. In late June, 1938, Miss Anita 
Noldeke collected this attractive species of the Great Basin near 
Whiskey Creek in the southern part of Long Valley, Mono Co., 
California. This is the first collection of this plant I have seen 
from California and I have found no report in the literature of 
its occurrence in the state. By Greene, it was called Jonactis 
alpina ( Nutt.) Greene. 


A New Intropucep Grass IN CALIFoRNIA. In May, 1936, 
from a low field 2 miles north of Windsor, Sonoma County, 
California, Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. was collected (East- 
wood & Howell No. 2506). According to Mrs. Agnes Chase, 
who identified a specimen sent to the Grass Herbarium, this is 
the first record of the occurrence of this European species in 
California. From A. odoratum L., Sweet Vernal Grass, which 
also grows in California, A. aristatum may be distinguished by 
its annual root. According to Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U. S., 
p. 530, A. aristatum has been known heretofore from the Pacific 
coast from Vancouver Island and Oregon.—John Thomas 
Howell. 


Some controversy has arisen concerning the origin of the 
loganberry. This notice from the “Santa Cruz Surf” of fifty 
years ago is interesting: “Judge Logan yesterday placed upon 
the table of El Progresso a box of fine berries grown on his place, 
a cross between the wild blackberry and the red raspberry. They 
have the shape and size of the former, the odor of the latter, and 
a flavor combined of both.”—C. A. Reed, Santa Cruz. 


Vot. II No. 16 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


¥ 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Observations on Californian Plants—I . . . . . 273 
Rosert F. Hoover 

Lupinus Studies—I BERR Te NC TNE AY Dot ale 
A. A. HELLER 

DRA ectatey liar totseD Bie No) et. oh) eV Maa All ph ge Rae 
ALice EAastwoop 

Rlaeeaciny Cegtorhuse Va 4. wed eee a eee 


Joun THomas Howe. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 
NoveMBer 19, 1940 


LEAFLETS 
of 
WESTERN BOTANY 


A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the 
native flora of western North America, appearing about four 
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single 
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California 
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 
California. 


Cited as 


LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. 


1d 
INCHES 


WUMUCUUACAO AS OED DS CD RE 


He eee eee dee AIH LEL sAuTLAAM BE wd Mi huge li 


Owned and published by 


Axice Eastwoop and JOHN THomMAS HoweELy 


NOVEMBER, 1940] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 273 


OBSERVATIONS ON CALIFORNIAN PLANTS—I 


BY ROBERT F. HOOVER 


Under this title I intend to publish certain information, 
dealing mainly with rare or imperfectly known species, acquired 
during several years of field study. While some of the facts 
stated here may already be generally known to botanists, they 
are not to be found in the literature. It is therefore hoped that 
each observation will be of value to some student of the plants 
of California. 

PUCCINELLIA SIMPLEX Scribn. is often said to be “rare” 
(as for example by Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U. S. p. 79), but 
it would be difficult to find a more common species in the alkaline 
areas of the San Joaquin Valley. In that region it thrives in 
cultivated fields and possibly is becoming more common. 


SCHISMUS BARBATUS (L.) Thell., the occurrence of which 
in California was first reported by the writer (Madronio 3: 229), 
has since been found to be very common in the region of the 
upper San Joaquin Valley. On the Kettleman Hills, for example, 
it is so abundant in the sandy areas as to be the dominant species 
in many places, and has the appearance of having been established 
for many years. In addition to the Fresno County collection 
previously reported, the following can now be cited: Kettleman 
Hills near Avenal, Kings Co., Hoover No. 3321, and above 
Kettleman City, Hoover No. 2926; Kettleman City, on sandy 
valley plain, Hoover No. 3331; Bena, Kern Co., Hoover No. 936. 


AGROSTIS EXIGUA Thurb. has quite naturally been considered 
a very rare species. Its center of distribution is evidently in the 
upper Sacramento Valley from Shasta Co. to Butte Co., where 
it occurs plentifully on the hard-packed soil of the rocky plains. 
It comes to maturity so early in the season that good specimens 
are difficult to secure. Therefore only one collection from that 
region can be cited: 4 miles south of Cottonwood, Tehama Co., 
Hoover No. 22061. 

NEOSTAPFIA COLUSANA Davy. Twelve miles east of Water- 
ford, Stanislaus Co., Hoover No. 1297, 3623. Otherwise I have 
been able to find this species only between Waterford and Oak- 
dale (the locality reported in Madrono 3:229), where it has 


Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. II, pp. 278-300, November 19, 1940. 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 16 


274 


been steadily decreasing in numbers and will probably be com- 
pletely exterminated in the course of a few years. The species 
seems unable to survive summer irrigation, which has been in- 
creasingly practiced in the area where it occurs. Neostapfia, a 
monotypic Californian genus, has been confused so consistently 
with the South American genus Anthochloa that a summarization 


of the differences between the two seems desirable. 


NEOSTAPFIA 


Cespitose annual with fibrous roots. 


Plant very glandular and viscid. 


Leaves broad, not differentiated into 
sheath and blade, without ligule. 


Inflorescence strictly simple, cy- 
lindric. 


Spikelets numerous, densely crowded 
around the axis, subsessile. 


Axis of inflorescence bearing small 


foliaceous bracts above the spike- 


lets. 


Glumes none; spikelets entirely de- 
ciduous. 


Lemmas ciliolate-fringed, with 
prominent green veins. 


Stigmas long, with non-plumose 
stylar portion below. 


ANTHOCHLOA 


Perennial spreading by rhizomes and 
evidently forming sod. 


Plant not at all glandular. 


Leaves with broad sheath, narrow 
blade, and short ligule. 


Inflorescence somewhat branching 
or simple by reduction, short and 
of indefinite shape. 


Spikelets few, not crowded, pedi- 
cellate. 


Axis of inflorescence not extended 
beyond the spikelets or bearing 
bracts. 


Glumes present, persistent. 


Lemmas not ciliolate, membranous, 
the veins obscure. 


Stigmas short, sessile on ovary. 


Because of the strictly spicate or racemose inflorescence, as 


well as on ecologic and geographic grounds, I believe that Neo- 
stapfia is closely related to Orcuttia, which produces the same 
sort of viscid secretion, and less directly to Pleuropogon. Not 
having made field observations of South American grasses, I am 
unable to venture an opinion as to the relationship of Anthochloa, 
but it seems to have no counterpart in North America. 

LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS (Lam.) Gray is very abundant 
in or near rice-fields over a large area of the Sacramento Valley. 
Collected at Maxwell, Colusa Co., Hoover No. 1590. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 275 


ALLIUM SERRATUM Wats. This species, previously known 
only in the Californian Coast Ranges, occurs also in a very limited 
area on the east side of the Great Valley in Stanislaus Co.: 
Knights Ferry, Hoover No. 797 ; 8 miles east of Oakdale, Hoover 
No, 792. 


CALOCHORTUS SUPERBUS Purdy ex J. T. Howell, a species 
evidently restricted to the Sierra Nevada foothills, is known to 
occur only in very rocky soil in areas of metamorphic rocks, 
especially serpentine. Because it resembles a common white- 
flowered form of C. luteus Dougl. (var. oculatus Wats.) in the 
arrangement of the markings of the petals, it might be confused 
with that species if only herbarium specimens were available, 
but C. luteus, as represented within the range of C. superbus, 
seems never to grow among metamorphic rocks. In several locali- 
ties where both species grow, the difference in habitat is very 
impressive, and there is a correlated difference in flowering time, 
C. superbus often being two or three weeks later. Important 
vegetative characters have been observed in cultivated plants. 
The young leaves of C. superbus are as a rule broader than those 
of any related species and, unlike those of the Sierra Nevada 
representation of C. luteus, are very glaucous. Because the 
leaves tend to wither at the time of flowering, these features are 
not readily observable in ordinary specimens, The central dark 
spot of the petal in C. superbus is bordered by yellow only on 
the upper side, while in C. luteus var. oculatus it is entirely sur- 
rounded by yellow. 

Calochortus pratensis (Purdy) Hoover, comb. nov. 
C. superbus var. pratensis Purdy ex J. T. Howell, Leafl. West. 
Bot. 1:12 (1932). This species resembles C. superbus in the 
shape of the glandular area of the petal, but in no other feature 
of importance. The leaves resemble those of C. luteus in being 
narrow and not noticeably glaucous. The delicate membranous 
bases of the basal leaves are in marked contrast with the 
tough sheathing bases of those of C. superbus. The most re- 
markable vegetative character of this species, however, is the 
presence of usually three bulblets, which at flowering time 
are readily broken off, at the base of the stem, whereas both 
C. luteus and C. superbus have a solitary firmly attached bulblet. 
The petals are broader in proportion to length than are those of 


276 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


C. superbus, and bear a central red spot which is usually trans- 
versely elongate rather than rounded as in C. superbus and is 
bordered by yellow on both sides. Calochortus pratensis is re- 
stricted to the Sierra Nevada foothills and is remarkable for its 
habitat, growing always in open moist places, usually though not 
invariably in areas of granite rocks. Calochortus pratensis and 
C. superbus both are found by field observation and garden 
cultures to be constant in all their characters and to show no 
tendency to intergrade with other forms. Calochortus luteus, 
a species of wide distribution and the only one with which these 
two species might be confused, is almost equally uniform in all 
respects except in the color-markings of its flowers. 

CALOCHORTUS MONOPHYLLUS (Lindl.) Lem. x C. aALsBus 
Dougl. Mercer’s Cave, Calaveras Co., Hoover No. 2335, only a 
single plant found. The flowers were pale yellow, nearly erect, 
and the plant intermediate in size between the two parent species, 
both of which were plentiful at that locality. It is notable that 
the plant bore well-developed capsules, although it was too young 
to determine whether it would produce fertile seeds. The occur- 
rence of this hybrid in Amador Co. has been reported by Hansen 
(Erythea 7 :15,—1899). 

OXYTHECA LUTEOLA Parry. Four miles southeast of Chow- 
chilla, Madera Co., Hoover No. 2308, 2562; 8 miles west of 
Kerman, Fresno Co., Hoover No. 2654; 9 miles south of Ker- 
man, Hoover No. 1779, 2328. Not previously known to occur 
in the San Joaquin Valley, where it is certainly indigenous, grow- 
ing on barren hard-packed alkaline soil. 

ERIOGONUM VIRIDESCENS Heller (1905). Eriogonum biden- 
tatum Jepson (1923). Plain between Arroyo Hondo and Cantua 
Creek, Fresno Co., Hoover No. 3293 - Cantua Creek wash, 
Fresno Co., Hoover No. 2659; Kettleman Hills near Avenal, 
Kings Co., Hoover No. 2646, 3327 ; 2 miles south of Devil’s Den, 
Kern Co., Hoover No. 2664. This species grows in sandy soil 
associated with E. gracillimum Wats., while E. angulosum Benth. 
in the same localities tends to favor clay, but also occasionally 
grows in association with the other species in sandy soil. Ex- 
tensive field observations indicate that the three are entirely 
distinct. Eriogonum bidentatum Jepson, which was described 
from vernal remnants of the previous year’s flowers, is clearly 


NOVEMBER, 1940] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS ay 


identical with E. viridescens Heller, the description of which was 
based on young plants just coming into flower. I have examined 
the type specimens of both. The outer perianth-segments become 
conspicuously inflated in age. 

ERIOGONUM GOSSYPINUM Curran. Kettleman Hills near 
Avenal, Kings Co., Hoover No. 2643, growing in sandy soil. 
Both this and the preceding species have been collected previously 
only in Kern Co. 

ERI0GONUM TRIPODUM Greene. Tuolumne Co.: 3 miles north 
of Keystone, Hoover No. 2361, and eastward to near Chinese 
Camp ; upper Moccasin Creek, Hoover No. 2463. The previously 
known localities for this species are cited by Jepson, FI. Calif. 
1:424. On the basis of these records, this would appear to be 
one of the species indicating an interesting floristic relationship 
between the serpentine areas in the North Coast Ranges and 
those of the middle Sierra Nevada foothills, although in most 
cases the plants of the two regions are closely related rather than 
exactly identical (compare Senecio Clevelandii var. heterophyllus 
Hoover, Leafl. West. Bot. 2:133, and Cryptantha hispidula 
Greene and C. spithamea Johnston, Journ. Arn. Arb. 20: 384— 
386). However, E. tripodum has been collected near Jelley’s 
Ferry, Tehama Co. (Hoover No. 3591) in a rocky creek-bed 
near the Sacramento River and outside the zone of serpentine 
rocks. 

AMARANTHUS CALIFORNICcus Wats., a species of wide distri- 
bution and characteristic of places which have dried after flood- 
ing, is by no means so rare as the small number of collections 
would indicate. The following localities seem worthy of note: 
2 miles east of Farmington, San Joaquin Co., Hoover No. 2718; 
Paulsell, Stanislaus Co., Hoover No. 2443; 15 miles south of 
Modesto, Hoover No. 98. 

ESCHSCHOLTZIA LEMMONII Greene is closely related to 
E. cespitosa Benth., and when it is possible to investigate these 
forms fully by means of field observations and garden cultures, 
the two may be found to be conspecific. Eschscholtzia Lemmoni 
is usually distinguished by being pubescent, but in the foothills 
on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley it is not unusual to 
find uniform colonies of plants, identical in all other respects, 


278 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. IJ, NO. 16 


varying from quite hairy to nearly glabrous, although there seem 
always to be a few hairs near the base of the stem. However, the 
stems are often hairy at the base in plants of the Sierra Nevada 
foothills and the North Coast Ranges as well. These facts indi- 
cate the need for some other character to distinguish E. Lem- 
monu, Evidently the nodding flower-buds constitute a reliable 
means of distinction, although in herbarium material it is difficult 
to ascertain whether the buds were erect or nodding. So far as 
I have observed, plants with nodding buds occur only in the South 
Coast Ranges, but further field observations are needed to deter- 
mine whether this feature is constant. The following collections 
seem referable to E. Lemmonu on the basis of their nodding 
buds and the presence of some markedly pubescent plants in the 
colonies: Del Puerto Canyon, Stanislaus Co., Hoover No. 3361; 
gypsum hills 10 miles south of Los Banos, Merced Co., Hoover 
No. 2890; Kettleman Hills near Avenal, Kings Co., Hoover No. 
3304, I have seen no previous record of the occurrence of the 
species in these three counties. 

RIBES AUREUM Pursh is plentiful in the bottom-land of the 
Stanislaus River near Ripon, San Joaquin Co., where collected 
in 1935, Hoover No. 245. A single clump of this species has 
grown for many years along Dry Creek at Modesto, Hoover No. 
1629. These evidently represent indigenous habitats, although 
the species has never been reported as occurring in the San 
Joaquin Valley. 

DoWNINGIA PUSILLA (Poepp.) Torr. D. humilis Greene. 
Chilean specimens of Downingia from the Gray Herbarium of 
Harvard University have been found on examination to be 
identical in every respect with the infrequent Californian species 
which has been known as D. humilis. It is the only Downingia 
known to occur in Chile, an occurrence which is rather surprising 
in view of the fact that it seems to be one of the rarest of the 
Californian species of the genus. However, the plants are very 
inconspicuous, so that probably the species is overlooked rather 
than actually rare. In addition to the locality previously reported 
by me (Leafl. West. Bot. 2:6) and those known in the Coast 
Ranges, the following can now be cited: Warnerville, Stanislaus 
Co., Hoover No. 1992; 5 miles north of Snelling, Merced Co., 
Hoover No. 2063. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] LUPINUS STUDIES 279 


LUPINUS STUDIES—I 


BY A. A. HELLER 
. 


Lupinus Christine Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, circa 6 dm. altus, 
divaricate ramosus supra medium, ramis ascendentibus; caulibus flaves- 
centibus, glabris vel minime adpresse pubescentibus, infra sine foliis; 
foliolis plerumque 5, nonnumquam 6 vel 7, oblongis vel oblanceolatis, con- 
tractis basi ad petiolulum 1 mm. longum, supra flavovirentibus et glabris, 
infra glaucis et minime pubescentibus; stipulis linearibus; petiolis 10 mm. 
longis ; racemis laxifloris, pubescentibus, floribus divaricatis, bracteis sub- 
persistentibus ; labiis calycis integris, obtusis, inferiore labio 6 mm. longo, 
superiore paulum breviore; corolla flava, 10 mm. longa et lata, alis et 
vexillo separatim 7 mm., vexillo breviore alis; carina glabra, subfalcata, 
fere tecta alis, in senectute aurantiaca. 

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15420, 
collected on an open gravelly ridge near Summit Lake, Lassen 
Volcanic National Park, California, July 27, 1939, in the Cana- 
dian Life Zone, elevation between 6000 and 7000 feet. It is 
named in honor of my daughter, Mrs. Christine Bickett, who 
was present when the type was collected. It was first seen in the 
same neighborhood in 1937 and noted as a probably undescribed 
species. The plants are apparently restricted to the easterly side 
of the ridge, as they were not seen elsewhere. 

Lupinus fragrans Heller, spec. nov. § Albifrondes. Perennis, 30—35 
cm. altus, ramosus ex robusto rhizomate, foliosus solum infra, omnino 
sericeus ; foliis paucis; petiolis gracilibus, circa 5 cm. longis, triplis longi- 
oribus foliolis ; stipulis lineari-acuminatis, 5—6 mm. longis; foliolis circa 9, 
spatulatis, longissimis 25 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, apice obtusis, mucronatis ; 
racemis circa 15 cm. longis, floribus violaceis, remote verticillatis, pedicellis 
5 mm. longis; labiis calycis integris, acutis, inferiore labio reflexo; corolla 
circa 12 mm. longa et lata; vexillo multo reflexo, apice violaceo, medio 
flavescente ; alis medio 8 mm. latis, apice obtuso, 4 mm. lato; carina 4 mm. 
lata, supra medium ciliata, tecta alis. 


The type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62975, is Heller No. 
13223, collected June 7, 1919, on the southeast side of Snow 
Mountain, Lake County, California, above Bonnie View, in the 
Arid Transition Life Zone in soil derived from shale. All parts 
of the plant except the corollas are covered with closely appressed 
short silvery hairs, 

There are two other specimens in the Academy herbarium 
collected by Mrs. Brandegee, year not noted. One, on sheet 
No. 63010, is dated June 22. The other, on sheet 63016, is dated 
June 23, both from Snow Mountain. 


280 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


Lupinus lilacinus Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 3 dm. altus, ramosus 
ex basi, multis ramis ex rhizomate robusto, omnino dense incanus ; foliolis 
7—9, oblongo-spatulatis, apice acutis et mucronatis, longissimis 20 mm. 
longis ; petiolis brevioribus foliolis; stipulis disjunctis, attenuatis ; racemis 
10—15 cm. longis, folia superantibus, laxifloris, bracteis deciduis, pedi- 
cellis gracilibus, 5 mm. longis; calyce basi saccato, tubo 2 mm. longo, labio 
superiore 5 mm. longo, bidentato, dentibus 2 mm. longis, paulo divaricatis, 
labio inferiore 5 mm. longo, patente, obtuso; corolla lilacina, 10 mm. longa, 
8 mm. lata, alis et vexillo separatim 3 mm., vexillo atro-lilacino; carina 
falcatissima, glabra equilonga et fere tecta alis. 


The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 11945, 
collected June 3, 1915, along Houghton’s Trail near Bennett 
Spring, on the Newville-Covelo road, Glenn County, California, 
in the Transition Life Zone, elevation about 3200 feet, inner 
ridge of the Coast Range.* 


C. P. Smith in Jepson’s Manual, 529 (1925), credited this 
species to me as a variety of L. adsurgens Drew. It evidently 
belongs to the same group as L. adsurgens, a yellow-flowered 
species collected on the west side of South Fork Mountain, Hum- 
boldt County, California. In 1911 I photographed a specimen 
in the Herbarium of Columbia College, deposited in the Her- 
barium of the New York Botanical Garden. This is either the 
type or a paratype of Drew’s species. It differs from L. lilacinus 
in being more slender, less leafy, the racemes short as described, 
the flowers rather closely spaced and yellow. 

Lupinus pumicola Heller, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex rhizomate 
ligneo, circa 2—3 dm. alto, supra ramosi et foliosi, infra purpurascente 
et leviter adpresso-pubescente; foliis subglaucis, leviter pubescentibus 
supra et infra; petiolis 10—15 mm. longis, brevioribus foliolis; foliolis 7, 
oblanceolatis vel oblongo-spatulatis, longissimis 27 mm. longis, infra 
medium 8—10 mm. latis, apice acutis, apiculatis; stipulis lanceolato- 
acuminatis, 5—6 mm. longis; bracteis nonnihil persistentibus, acuminatis, 
5 mm. longis; labiis calycis acutis, superiore 5 mm. longo, inferiore 6 mm. 
longo; corolla violacea, 12 mm. longa lataque; alis et vexillo 6 mm. sepa- 
ratim; carina glabra, subfalcata, medio 3 mm. lata, apice atro-violacea, in 
senectute exserta. 


The type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 61992 is Heller No. 
12612 and was collected August 30, 1916, on open sandy areas 
back of the lake rim west of the lodge, Crater Lake National 


* This is common in Lake County. In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are the 
following: on trail to Mt. Sanhedrin from Dashiels, Eastwood No. 12938; 
6 miles from Kelseyville on road to Adams Springs, Hastwood & Howell 
No. 5759, a tall plant almost 4 dm. high; southeast side of Snow Mt., Heller 
No. 138225.—Alice Eastwood. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 281 


Park, Oregon, in the Hudsonian Life Zone, elevation 7000 feet. 
In 1916 it was fairly common at the place indicated, but is now 
probably extinct there, as that area is now given over to build- 
ings and camp grounds. It was noted at other places in the park, 
especially about Anna Springs in the Canadian Life Zone 1000 
feet lower. Its relationship is probably with L. Andersoni Wats. 
and L. apertus Heller. 


NEW WESTERN PLANTS—II 


BY ALICE EASTWOOD 


‘ 


Godetia lassenensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis simplex, gracilis, 
foliosus, incanus, seepe rubescens, 3—4 dm. altus; foliis incanis, linearibus, 
apice obtusis, basi attenuatis ad petiolum anguste marginatum, 2—4 cm. 
longis, 1—3 mm. latis; floribus axillaribus, pendulis in alabastro, alabastris 
ovatis, breviter acuminatis, 15 mm. longis, incanis; calycis segmentis con- 
junctis a latere, lanceolatis, acuminatis, tubo campanulato, 3 mm. longo, 
linea interiore villosa medio; petalis obovatis, 15 mm. longis, 12 mm. latis, 
rubicundis; antheris albis, 4 mm. longis, zequilongis filamentis et super- 
antibus stigmata alba linearia; capsula 3 cm. longa, obtuso-angulata, lineata 
inter angulos, pedicello et rostro 2 mm. longo. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279909, collected June 11, 
1940, in the Big Valley Mts. between Fall River Mills and 
Nubieber, Lassen Co., California, by Alice Eastwood and John 
Thomas Howell, No. 7983. 


This species belongs in the group with the tops of the stems 
drooping in bud. It differs from G. Dudleyana Abrams in the 
line of hairs of the inner part of the calyx-tube being in the 
middle instead of near the mouth, in the smaller flowers, in the 
petals without a claw, in the white anthers, and in the narrow 
white stigma-lobes. From G. hispidula Wats. it differs in the 
appressed white pubescence instead of the fine glandular-tipped 
hairs. In appearance it resembles G. quadrivulnera (Dougl.) 
Spach, but the drooping buds exclude a relationship with that 
species. 

Another collection was made the same day, Eastwood & 
Howell No. 7960, at McArthur, Shasta Co., California. This 
has smaller flowers than the preceding, the petals white at base, 
but otherwise similar. 


282 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


Convolvulus auriculefolius Eastwood, spec. nov. Omnino glanduloso- 
villosus; caulibus pluribus, procumbentibus ex radice lignea, debilibus; 
foliis ovatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, apice apiculatis, basi auriculatis, maxi- 
mis 25 mm. longis, 13 mm. latis; petiolis foliorum infimorum 1—1.5 cm. 
longis, foliorum supremorum circa 1 mm. longis et laminis etiam multo 
minoribus; pedunculis axillaribus, divaricatis, 2—5 cm. longis; bracteis 
lanceolatis vel auriculatis, 1—5 mm. ex floribus; sepalis circa 1 cm. latis, 
apice truncatis vel obtusis, mucronatis, exterioribus breviorbus vel zqui- 
longis interioribus; corolla late campanulata, alba, circa 3 cm. longa, limbo 
5-angulato, circa 3 cm. lato; filamentis prope basin corolle affixis et ibi 
villosis; antheris linearibus, 4 mm. longis, basi sagittatis; stigmatibus 
oblongis; capsula globosa, glabra, equilonga sepalis; seminibus atro- 
brunneis, orbiculatis, circa 4 mm. diametro, tenuiter reticulatis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279910, collected at Twain- 
Harte between Sonora and Long Barn, Tuolumne Co., Cali- 
fornia, June 19, 1940, by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas 
Howell, No. 8618. 


This belongs near C. fulcratus Greene, differing from it and 
all other Californian species of Convolvulus in the glandular- 
hairy pubescence and the narrow auriculate leaves. The blunt 
auricles are about 5 mm. long and wide on the largest leaves, 
smaller and narrower on the smallest. 

Gilia alpina Eastwood, spec. nov. Annua, nana, 5—10 cm. alta, simplex 
vel ramosa ex basi, foliosa ad paniculas; foliis dense lanatis, pinnatifidis, 
2—5 cm. longis, segmentis superioribus multo majoribus segmentis inferi- 
oribus, oblongis vel palmatilobatis, lobis breviter aristatis apice; paniculis 
glandulosis, sine lana, floribundis, ramis gracilibus; sepalis lanceolatis, 
viridibus, albo-marginatis, 4 mm. longis; corolla infundibulari, circa 8 mm. 
longa, tubo zquilongo calyce, fauce lutea, supra alba, segmentis lamine 
ceruleis, ovatis, obtusis circa 4 mm. longis; filamentis insertis inter seg- 
mentos laminz, antheris albis, exsertis; capsula longiore calyce; seminibus 
neque spiriliferis nec mucilaginosis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279905, collected on 
Carson Pass, Alpine County, California, June 17, 1940, by East- 
wood and Howell, No. 8414. It was also collected on Ebbett’s 
Pass, Alpine County, June 18, 1940, Eastwood & Howell No. 
8548. This belongs in the Section Eugilia Benth. and comes 
nearest to G. latiflora var. cana Jones (Contrib. West. Bot. 
8: 35,—1898). Gilia tenuiflora var. triceps Brand and subvar. 
speciosissima Brand (Das Pflanzenreich IV, 250: 102,—1902) 
are alike in having the densely lanate leaves, a characteristic not 
found in other varieties of G. latiflora Gray and G. tenuiflora 
Benth, 


NOVEMBER, 1940] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 283 


The contrast between the white woolly lower part and the 
densely glandular inflorescence above is striking. The pale blue 
flowers with yellow throat bordered with white are numerous 
and lovely. 


Gilia Hoffmanni Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis annuus, simplex, foliosus, 
infra glaber, supra stipitato-glandulosus, circa 1 dm. altus; foliis infimis 
filiformibus vel pectinatis, glabris, 1—3 cm. longis, foliis superioribus 
supra albo-lanatis, infra glabris, pectinatis, segmentis 1—5 mm. longis, 
apice spe nigro-mucronatis ; inflorescentia terminali, congesta et cymoso- 
subcapitata, pedicellis brevissimis vel nullis ; calyce 6 mm. longo, stipitato- 
glanduloso, albo-membranaceo inter costas, lobis 3 mm. longis, subulatis 
apice spe nigris; corolla purpurea, hypocrateriformi; tubo circa 1 cm. 
longo, striato, dilatato ad faucem; lamina 15 mm. lata, segmentis orbicu- 
latis; staminibus exsertis ex fauce; ramis styli exsertis. 

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 178717, collected April 8, 
1930, on Santa Rosa Island, California, in sandy soil at East 
Point, by the late lamented Ralph Hoffmann in whose honor it 
is a privilege to name this peculiar species. It is related to 
G. tenuiflora Benth., differing most noticeably in the leafy stems 
and terminal congested inflorescence. While G. tenuiflora is 
extremely variable, there is no variation approaching this. 

Gilia modocensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis erectus, circa 4 dm. 
altus, simplex vel 2 vel 3 ex radice annua, supra divaricate ramosus, ramis 
multifloris, infra subglaber, supra glandulosus; foliis prope basin lyrato- 
pinnatilobatis, 8—10 cm. longis, lobis falcatis, sepe pinnatisectis, rhachidibus 
2—8 mm. latis, lobulis apice breviter aristatis ; bracteis inferioribus foliaceis, 
auriculato-sessilibus, oblongis, pinnatilobatis, rhachidibus 2—8 mm. longis, 
3—12 mm. latis, lobis falcatis, 2—10 mm. longis, apice breviter aristatis ; 
floribus numerosis, pedicellis 2—15 mm. longis; calyce 6 mm. longo, tubo 
hyalino inter nervos virides ; segmentis subulatis, recurvatis ; corolla 8 mm. 
longa, tubo longiore calyce, fauce lutea, lamina hypocrateriformi, purpurea, 
lobis subrotundis ; staminibus insertis in fauce corollz, non exsertis, antheris 
albis, 1 mm. longis, zquilongis filamentis; stylo equilongo staminibus ; 
capsula paulum breviore calyce; seminibus sub aqua exigue mucilaginosis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279920, collected between 
Likely and Jess Valley, Modoc County, California, June 12, 1940, 
by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 8073. 

This is related to G. gilioides (Benth.) Greene, differing in 
the large almost smooth basal leaves, the large leaf-like bracts 
subtending the branches of the large panicles. The stems seem 
to be leafy. The seeds develop very little mucilage when in water. 
In general, the flowers are somewhat larger than in any of the 
varieties of G. gilioides and of a different shape, the yellow throat 


284 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


of the corolla expands above the slender tube and the lobes are 
spreading. 

Another collection was made on a hot dry hillside near 
Constantia, Lassen County, California, June 16, 1940, Eastwood 
& Howell No. 8355. This was, as should be expected, a less 
luxuriant plant with leaves smaller than in the type. 


Castilleja Breweri Fernald var. pallida Eastwood, var. noy. Floribus 
et superiore parte bractearum pallidis. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279902, collected on 
Carson Pass, Alpine County, California, June 17, 1940, by Alice 
Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 8449. 


Castilleja salticola Eastwood, spec. nov. Ramosa ex membranaceo- 
squamosa basi, 15—20 cm. alta, scabro-puberula et foliosa; foliis inferi- 
oribus linearibus, circa 4 cm. longis, 1—2 mm. latis, divaricatis; foltis 
superioribus, trisectis, segmentis angusto-linearibus, divaricatis, medio 
segmento longiore lateralibus, divaricatis; bracteis similibus brevioribus 
floribus ; floribus rubris, in spicis 3—6 cm. longis, circa 6 cm. latis; calyce 
florifero tubuloso, antice circa 10 mm. longo, postice curvato 15 mm. longo, 
segmentis attenuatis, integris vel bilobatis, circa 12 mm. longis; corolla 
exserta, curvata extra, circa 3 cm. longa, galea attenuata, equilonga tubo, 
labio inferiore exserto ex calyce, prominenti. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279903, collected on 
Ebbetts Pass, Alpine County, California, June 18, 1940, by Alice 
Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 5547. This belongs 
in the group with C. linariefolia Benth. and C. affimis H. & A., 
differing in the low stature and the different pubescence. The 
flowers spread out on each side of the stem are sessile or on very 
short pedicels and the calyx curves outwards with the attenuate 
divisions standing apart from the corolla and generally erect. 


Agastache parvifolia Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules multi ex radice 
lignea, diffuse ramosi, 8 dm. alti, omnino cinereo-puberulentes; foliis 
oppositis in ramis gracilibus circa 1 dm. separatim, deltoideis, 15 mm. longis, 
8—15 mm. latis, basi truncatis, apice obtusis, margine crenatis, infra sub- 
pallidioribus quam supra; spicis terminantibus ramos, circa 2—3 cm. latis, 
dense floridis vel inconspicue verticillatis, sepe infra uno verticillo; tubo 
calycis 6 mm. longo, 15-striato, segmentis acerosis, rubescentibus, equi- 
longis tubo; tubo corollze 12 mm. longo, subfalcato, labio superiore 1 mm. 
longo, 2 mm. lato, apice emarginato, labio inferiore longiore, trilobato, 
lobis lateralibus parvis, lobo medio flabelliformi, 3 mm. lato, apice 3-dentato, 
supra villoso; 2 staminibus longioribus quam 2 otris, corollam superantibus ; 
antheris purpureis, polline albo; stylo superante stamina, stigmate bifido. 


Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 279908, collected June 14, 
1940, at Lava Beds National Monument, near Schonchin Butte, 


NOVEMBER, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 285 


Siskiyou Co., California, by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas 
Howell, No. 8266. 

On June 15, another collection was made at Grasshopper 
Valley, Lassen Co., No. 8323. These plants were more robust, 
with spikes a little broader and with calyx-divisions purple 
instead of pink. Like the type, it was a scraggly plant, diffusely 
branching with slender, ascending, distinctly leafy stems, ashy- 
puberulent throughout and with the same small leaves. 

In his Flora of the Lava Beds National Monument, Elmer I. 
Applegate identified this as a variety of A. urtictfolia ( Benth.) 
Ktze. (Amer. Mid. Nat. 19 :360,—1938). It is quite unlike that 
species with the ashy puberulence, small leaves, spreading habit, 
slender branches, and delicious odor. Agastache occidentalis 
(Piper) Heller is somewhat ashy-puberulent, but has the habit 
and leaves of A. urticifolia and is quite unlike this. 


STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS—V 


BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 
9\ 


Further observations on hybridization between species of 
Ceanothus subgenus Cerastes are given here, and the probable 
origin and relationship of several entities to which attention has 
been directed in the literature are discussed. 

CONCERNING CEANOTHUS CONNIVENS Greene. On June 19, 
1889, as Dr. E. L. Greene travelled between Murphys and Big 
Trees in Calaveras County, California, he collected specimens 
of a peculiar Ceanothus “in dry oak woods near the Half-Way 
House” which he later described as C. connivens (Pitt. 2: 16,— 
1889). It is an interesting coincidence that Miss Eastwood and 
I traveled from Big Trees to Murphys on our way to San Fran- 
cisco from Modoc County and Ebbetts Pass on June 19, 1940, 
just 51 years to the day after Greene had traversed the same 
route and had collected his Ceanothus. On our journey we 
watched for Ceanothus from the time we left Big Trees, and 
although we saw C. cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. in several places 
and collected specimens of prostrate types, we did not find any 
plant exactly referable to Greene’s species. 

Although the specimens which we collected in Calaveras 
County were not like the type collection of C. connivens Greene 


286 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. II, NO. 16 


(Herb. U. C.) nor like the specimens of C. connivens collected 
by T. S. Brandegee at Sheep Ranch in 1891 (Herb. U. C.), 
neither were they typical of any species of Ceanothus found in 
the region. The first specimen of Ceanothus which we collected 
after leaving Big Trees (Eastwood & Howell No. 8596) was 
quite like C. prostratus Benth. in habit and foliage but with fruits 
only about one-half or one-third as large and quite like those of 
C. cuneatus or C. fresnensis Dudley. Farther along near Avery* 
we again found prostrate plants of Ceanothus (Eastwood & 
Howell No. 8602, 8603), and, although these plants exhibited 
the diffuse habit and pliant branchlets of C. prostratus, they also 
seemed to be definitely related to C. fresnensis in the smaller 
more numerous leaves and in the tomentulous pubescence of the 
young leaves and branchlets. As before, the fruits were uni- 
formly small, but the horns showed an interesting variation ; on 
one plant they were erect and on another incurved or “connivent”’ 
over the top of the fruit. Quite similar to our specimens is a 
series of specimens collected in May, 1940, by Mr. Malcolm 
Smith in the same region (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.). From a 
study of these specimens it is apparent that they are intermediate 
between C. prostratus and C. fresnensis, and although entirely 
typical specimens of these species were not seen, there is good 
evidence to regard the plants as derivatives of hybridization 
between C. prostratus and C. fresnensis. 


A detailed study of the type collection of C. connivens shows 
it to be marked by an interesting combination of characters 
rather more complex than the characters of the specimens just 
described. According to Greene it was “a low shrub... . nearly 
prostrate through mere lack of firmness or hardness in wood- 
fibre.” Greene’s specimens show stems quite comparable in 
flexibility and appearance to the more elongate branchlets of 
C. prostratus and entirely unlike those of either C. cuneatus or 
C. fresnensis. The pubescence, however, is tomentous at the 
top of the stem and tomentulose on the leaves as is found in 
C. fresnensis, The leaves are like the leaves of C. cuneatus in 
shape and texture, but they are almost uniformly denticulate 
at the apex with two to five tiny teeth. The stipules are ovate- 
lanceolate and 3 mm. long and are rather more like those of 


* Greene’s “Halt-Way House” was probably at or very near Avery. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 287 


C. prostratus and C. fresnensis than those of C. cuneatus. The 
fruits are not at all like the fruits of C. prostratus, but in size 
and appearance are like those of either C. cuneatus or C. fres- 
nensis. So we conclude from this study and the field evidence 
that C. connivens Greene is a plant found occasionally in Cala- 
veras County that is probably of hybrid-origin, the derivative of 
a cross between C. cuneatus and that prostrate form of Ceanothus 
found there which is intermediate between C. fresnensis and 
C. prostratus. 

Both Mrs. Brandegee (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 4:216,— 
1894) and Dr. Trelease (in Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 1: 
416,—1897) regarded C. connivens as a cross between C. cune- 
atus and C. prostratus. That such is probably not the case is 
shown by the character of specimens we recently collected from 
a colony of hybrids derived from such a cross in the Big Valley 
Mts. in northwest Lassen County. Nor is C. connivens to be 
regarded as a simple cross between C. cuneatus and typical 
C. fresnensis. Such a colony was discovered by Miss Eastwood 
and me in July, 1939, near Confidence, Tuolumne County, the 
one locality besides the type locality cited by Dr. Abrams when 
he originally published Dudley’s C. fresnensis (Bot. Gaz. 53: 
68,—1912). On June 19, 1940, after making our observations 
on the road from Big Trees to Murphys, we crossed the Stanis- 
laus River and revisited the hybrid swarm at Confidence. Here 
plants varied from typical prostrate tomentulose C. fresnensis 
to erect glabrous or finely subsericeous C. cuneatus (Eastwood 
& Howell No. 7467, 7468, 8624-8631). The lower variants had 
the small leaves of C. fresnensis and the taller plants had the 
larger longer leaves of C. cuneatus, but nowhere in the series 
were there leaves quite like those of C. connivens, and none of 
the specimens exhibited the elongate flexuous branchlets which 
we consider so important a characteristic of C. connivens. The 
fruits varied only a little in size, but the horns varied consider- 
ably in size, appearance, direction, and point of insertion. 

Because of the obvious relation that the little-known C. con- 
nivens bears to the generally recognized C. fresnensis (cf. Howell, 
Leafl. West. Bot. 2:232, 234,—1940), I feel that it has been 
important to present this detailed study since C. fresnensis would 
have to be known as C. connivens if it could be shown that the 
two names applied to the same specific entity. 


288 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


CERTAIN VARIANTS FROM THE Mopoc REcIon. In June, 
1940, in the Big Valley Mts. in northwest Lassen County between 
Fall River Mills and Nubieber, Miss Eastwood and I collected 
specimens of Ceanothus from plants evidently derived from a 
cross between C. cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. and C. prostratus 
Benth. In habit the plants varied from subprostrate and about 
1.5 dm. tall to divergently suberect and 5 dm. tall; the leaves 
varied from suborbicular and dentate to entire and oblanceolate ; 
the fruits varied from 4 mm. to 9 mm. in diameter, the larger 
fruits quite like those of C. prostratus with coarse wrinkied 
horns and crests, the smaller like those of C. cuneatus with more 
slender and less wrinkled horns and obsolescent crests. Because 
certain details of characters in this series correspond to variants 
that have been noted in the literature, it has seemed well to call 
attention to the fact. 

McMinn, in his “Geographic and Taxonomic Study of the 
California Species of the Genus Ceanothus,” calls attention to 
two variants of C. cuneatus from Modoc County (Contrib. 
Dudley Herb. 1: 144, 145). The first of these, which bears an 
unpublished herbarium name by Greene (Modoc County, M. S. 
Baker in 1893, Herb. U. C. No. 18320), in foliage and aspect 
is almost exactly like one of the specimens we collected (East- 
wood & Howell No. 7992). Our plant is distinctly intermediate 
between C. cuneatus and C. prostratus, 1.5—2.5 dm. tall with 
leaves cuneate to suborbicular and entire or denticulate. The 
fruit resembles the fruit of C. cuneatus in appearance, but is 
7 mm. to 8 mm. long. In the character of the fruit, this same 
specimen is quite like the second specimen cited by McMinn 
from Modoc County among his variations of C. cuneatus, Hall 
& Babcock No. 4249, a “low shrub with rigid branchlets” from 
lava beds of southwest Modoc County (Herb. U. C.). I believe 
that the variant represented by this large-fruited specimen is 
undoubtedly of hybrid-origin although the plant has entire, 
oblanceolate leaves. However, with further field work, if it is 
found to represent a distinct entity with a definite geographic 
distribution in the mountains of northeast California, it should 
certainly be recognized as a named variety of C. cuneatus. 

HyYBRID-DERIVATIVES IN PLACER County. An interesting 
series of variations probably of hybrid-origin was collected in 


NOVEMBER, 1940] STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS 289 


1939 by Miss Mary Elizabeth Jump at Towle, near Alta, Placer 
County, a set of flowering specimens having been obtained in 
April, fruiting specimens from the same plants in June. Un- 
doubtedly this series of variants resulted from the hybridization 
of C. cuneatus and C. prostratus. Quite typical C. prostratus, 
which grew with the other plants, was collected, too; but Miss 
Jump stated that there was no specimen of C. cuneatus in the 
vicinity. The habit of the presumed hybrids varied from sub- 
prostrate to about 3 dm. tall; the leaves are small, mostly oblong- 
oblanceolate, and entire or denticulate; the flowers vary from 
white to lavender or pale blue; the fruit is either small as in 
C. cuneatus or larger with wrinkled horns as in C. prostratus. 

To us the most interesting thing about the series is the general 
resemblance of those specimens with the smallest leaves to plants 
of C. fresnensis and the fact that such specimens are easily 
accommodated in McMinn’s concept of that species even where 
the “branches are semi-erect and arching to the ground”’ (Ill. 
Man. Calif. Shrubs 307,—1939). We do not believe that the 
limits of C. fresnensis should be so broad; and certainly from 
that species should be excluded such specimens, as those of Miss 
Jump, which seem to bear the taint of hybrid-origin. 


On THE DISTRIBUTION OF HULSEA HETEROCHROMA. Of 
occasional occurrence from the higher mountains of southern 
California north to the central Sierra Nevada and the higher 
South Coast Ranges of Monterey and San Benito counties, 
Hulsea heterochroma Gray has not been reported to my knowl- 
edge north of the Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., the type local- 
ity of the species. In July, 1939, Miss Eastwood and I found 
it in the canyon of the Middle Fork of the Stanislaus River near 
Dardanelle, Tuolumne Co., a rather small but notable extension 
of its range northward (Eastwood & Howell No. 7612). An- 
other extension of range is to the Panamint Mts. of Inyo Co. 
where I collected a specimen from a rocky slope in Surprise 
Canyon near Panamint City in June, 1928 ( Howell No. 3896).— 
John Thomas Howell. 


ea’ 


290 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. II, NO. 16 


ERRATA 


Page 31, line 10; for Englar read Engler. 

Page 41, lines 1, 27, 33, and page 42, lines 6, 10, 11; for Zyga- 
denus read Zigadenus. 

Page 50, line 35; for delicatis read delicatus. 

Page 72, line 5; for gracilimis read gracillimis. 

Page 84, line 23; for have read has. 

Page 102, line 22; for This summer read In July, 1937. 

Page 108; reword key at bottom of page as follows: 


Culm sharply triquetrous, upwardly scabrellate on the knife-like 
edges; achene oblong-elliptic, the stipe not at all broadened at 


{i Tae OY Tyce eect ee aaa? ADR MEL DNAS ES EAR Soles dT AB UNE Std ON ce C. virens 
Culm bluntly trigonous, smooth; achene obovoid, the short stipe broad 
arid man gent keys See ne eee ee eee che eee eee C. Eragrostis 


Page 114, line 17; for utahensis read uintahensis. 
Page 179, line 20; for Zygadenus read Zigadenus. 
Page 181, line 38; for pratenis read pratensis. 

Page 198, line 3; for W. J. Follett read W. I. Follett. 
Page 208, line 2; for endigenous read indigenous. 
Page 235, line 1; for erect read incurved. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] 


INDEX 


291 


INDEX 


Abies venusta, 96. 

Abronia arenaria, 118; latifolia, 
118; mellifera, 118; umbellata, 
118. 

Acena pinnatifida var. californica, 
119. 

Adenostoma fasciculatum, 19, 99. 

Adonis annua, 199. 

7Egochloa intertexta, 77. 

Agastache occidentalis, 285; parvi- 
folia, 284; urticifolia, 285. 

Agave Lecheguilla, 257. 

Agropyron albicans, 211. 

Agrostis exigua, 273. 

Allium amplectens, 135; cristatum, 
65; fimbriatum, 110, 111; var. 
aboriginum, 110; Howellii, 109; 
lacunosum, 101; var. micranthum, 
101; monticola, 65; Parishii, 65; 
Parryi, 109, 110; Purdyi, 110; 
robustum, 110; serratum, 275. 

Althza rosea, 20. 

Amaranthus californicus, 277. 

Amsinckia Douglasiana, 189, 190; 
glauca, 191; spectabilis, 190; 
vernicosa, 142, 190, 191. 

Anagallis arvensis, 19. 

Anaphalis margaritacea, 19. 

Anthochloa, 274. 

Anthoxanthum aristatum, 272; od- 
oratum, 272. 

Antirrhinum glandulosum, 191; Or- 
ontium, 225; vagans, 19; virga, 
19, 20. 

Apiastrum angustifolium, 171; lati- 
folium, 171. 

Aplopappus brickellioides, 115, 158; 
suffruticosus subsp. typicus, 25. 

Apocynum cannabinum, 20. 

Aquilegia canadensis, 68; deser- 
torum, 68 ; elegantula, 68 ; emargi- 
nata, 7; fontinalis, 254, 255; for- 
mosa, 68, 255; subsp. celifax, 68; 
var. celifax, 68; f. anomala, 255; 
mohavensis, 66; rubicunda, 68; 
Skinneri, 68; Tracyi, 255; triter- 


nata, 68; truncata, 7, 255; wawa- 
wensis, 68. 

Arabidopsis Thaliana, 199. 

Arabis Breweri, 135; glabra, 20; 
patula, 107. 

Arbutus texana, 258. 

Arceuthobium campylopodum, 118. 

Arctostaphylos auriculata, 8; canes- 
cens, 8; glauca, 70; var. puberula, 
70; nissenana, 49; obispoensis, 8; 
pechoensis, 8; sensitiva, 50; seto- 
sissima, 27, 50. 

Artemisia campestris, 107; norve- 
gica var. saxatilis, 25; scopu- 
lorum, 25. 

Aster foliaceus, 107; var. frondeus, 
107 ; scopulorum, 272. 

Astragalus acutirostris, 209; al- 
pinus, 209; Brauntonii, 69; Gibb- 
sii, 200; Hookerianus, 74; ma- 
crodon, 139, 191; malacus, 69; 
mollissimus, 209; Munzii, 209; 
nothoxys, 209; oreophilus, 210; 
pilosus, 209; reventus, 62; siski- 
youensis, 74; Sonneanus, 74; 
stenophyllus, 75; succumbens, 75; 
tener, 140; Titi, 140; Whitneyi 
var. Sonneanus, 75. 

Atriplex cordulata, 131; hymene- 
lytra, 103; vallicola, 130, 131. 


Bartonia aurea, 170. 

Batrachium Grayanum, 24. 

Berberis Aquifolium, 61; Fendleri, 
24. 

Boisduvalia cleistogama, 54; ma- 
crantha, 54; pallida, 54. 

Borago officinalis, 20. 

Botrychium silaifolium, 105; vir- 
ginianum, 105. 

Bowlesia lobata, 171; septentriona- 
lis, 171. 

Brodiza Douglasii, 200; Howellii, 
111; jolonensis, 111; laxa, 96; 
minor, 130; pallida, 129, 130; stel- 
laris, 130; terrestris, 111, 112. 

Bromus rigidus, 105. 


292 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY  [VOL. II, NO. 16 


Cakile edentula var. californica, 78. 

Calochortus albus, 116 ; amabilis, 19, 
117; luteus, 116, 275, 276; var. 
oculatus, 275; monophyllus x 
albus, 276; pratensis, 275, 276; 
pulchellus, 116; splendens, 117; 
superbus, 275, 276; var. pratensis, 
275; uniflorus, 117; venustus, 117. 

Calyptridium monandrum, 223; 
monospermum, 224; pulchellum, 
224, 225; quadripetalum, 223 ; um- 
bellatum, 224. 

Calystegia subacaulis, 189. 

Campanula angustiflora, 102; var. 
exilis, 102; exigua, 101, 102. 

Carduus acicularis, 213; neglectus, 
212, 213 ; pycnocephalus, 212, 213; 
tenuiflorus, 212, 213; Therioti, 
213. 

Carex ablata, 124; abrupta, 124; 
anthericoides, 30; atrata, 16; atro- 
squama, 16; autumnalis, 31; 
Barbare, 104; brevipes, 90; Bux- 
baumii, 90; californica, 80 ; cepha- 
lantha, 90; Congdonii, 39, 40; 
Constanceana, 123, 124; cura- 
torium, 13, 15; danaensis, 166, 
167 ; Davyi, 124; debiliformis, 80; 
densa, 31; diandra, 91; Douglasii, 
64; Eastwoodiana, 121, 122; Ele- 
ocharis, 90; epapillosa, 90; festi- 
vella, 80; fissuricola, 90; Garber 
var. bifaria, 91; gigas, 14, 15; 
globosa, 98 ; gynocrates, 90 ; gyno- 
dynama, 80; Hendersonii, 90; 
Hepburnii, 90; hystricina, 90; in- 
curviformis, 167; inops, 105; 
Jonesii, 15; Kobomugi, 30, 64; 
leviconica, 90; Lemmonii, 64; 
limosa, 90; luzulina, 64, 80; 
macrocephala, 30; marianensis, 
31; maritima, 167; mendocinen- 
sis, 80; micropoda, 168, 169; mi- 
croptera, 31, 80, 90; multicostata, 
31; neurophora, 15, 105; nigri- 
cans, 168, 169; norvegica, 31; 
nova, 15, 91; obnupta, 80; pauci- 
costata, 15; perglobosa, 167 ; peta- 


sata, 122, 124; pheocephala, 122; 
phyllomanica, 80; physocarpa, 91; 
preceptorium, 91; pseudoscirpoi- 
dea, 13, 15, 91; pyrenaica, 168, 
169; salineformis, 80; Sartwel- 
liana, 39, 40; saximontana, 91; 
scabriuscula, 15; scirpiformis, 14; 
scirpoidea, 14; siccata, 91; sono- 
mensis, 63; specifica, 80, 124; 
spissa, 80; stenochlena, 15; sub- 
bracteata, 80; subfusca, 91, 199; 
subnigricans, 167, 168, 169 ; tenera, 
31; tenereformis, 31; tribuloides, 
91; tumulicola, 15; Vahlii, 31; 
vernacula, 167; viridior, 16; 
Wootoni, 124; yosemitana, 39. 


Castilleja arachnoidea, 241 ; Breweri 


var. pallida, 284; excelsa, 241; 
filifolia, 243; globosa, 242; Jus- 
selii, 243; lassenensis, 244; mini- 
ata, 241; muscipula, 242; var. an- 
gustifolia, 243; var. armeniaca, 
242; Payne, 245; pilosa, 244; 
pruinosa, 241, 242; Roseana, 104; 
salticola, 284; schizotricha, 241. 


Caulanthus glaucus, 68. 
Ceanothus confusus, 159, 160, 161, 


162; 164; 165; 206, 236; 2372 200% 
261, 262; connivens, 205, 206, 234, 
235, 238, 285, 286, 287 ; cordulatus, 
238 ; crassifolius, 44, 205, 229, 230, 
231; var. planus, 205, 230; cune- 
atus, 44, 162, 165, 205, 206, 229, 
230; 231, 232) 233, 234.235) 208 
238, 239, 260, 262, 285, 286, 287, 
288, 289; var. ramulosus, 232; 
divergens, 44, 159, 160, 161, 164, 
165, 206, 207, 236, 237, 260, 261, 
262; Ferrisz, 137, 205, 206, 207, 
235, 237, 262; fresnensis, 205, 232, 
234, 235, 238, 286, 287, 289 ; glorio- 
sus, 43, 44, 45, 160, 165, 207, 235, 
236, 237, 260, 261, 262; var. exal- 
tatus, 44, 45, 207, 237; Goldmanii, 
229; Greggii, 202, 228, 230, 231, 
233, 234, 238; var. orbicularis, 
229; var. perplexans, 229; var. 
vestitus, 229; insularis, 205, 230, 


NOVEMBER, 1940] 


231; Jepsonii, 207, 239, 240, 262; 
var. purpureus, 45, 238; macro- 
carpus, 230; megacarpus, 205, 230, 
231; var. insularis, 231; oblanceo- 
latus, 234; perplexans, 204, 229, 
239; pinetorum, 207, 239; pros- 
tratus, 160, 161, 165, 207, 232, 234, 
236, 238, 239, 261, 286, 287, 288, 
289 ; var. divergens, 159, 161, 165; 
var. grandifolius, 44; var. pro- 
fugus, 162, 236; pumilus, 161, 162, 
205, 206, 236; purpureus, 45, 160, 
165, 207,235, 236,237) 238, 262 ; 
ramulosus, 205, 206, 232, 233, 234, 
236, 237, 262; rigidus, 164, 165, 
205, 206, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 
262; var. grandifolius, 44, 237; 
var. pallens, 206, 236; rugosus, 
238; serrulatus, 238; sonomensis, 
162, 163, 164, 165, 206, 237, 260, 
261, 262; submontanus, 205, 231, 
233, 234; velutinus, 238; verruco- 
sus, 205, 231; var. grandifolius, 
44; vestitus, 204, 228, 229, 232, 
234, 238. 

Centaurea Picris, 26; repens, 115. 

Centaurium Muhlenbergii, 171, 173; 
tricanthum, 171, 173. 

Centranthus ruber, 195. 

Cerasus ilicifolius, 139. 

Chamesaracha nana, 271. 

Chlorogalum grandiflorum, 128, 129, 
133; pomeridianum, 117, 128, 129; 

Chorizanthe biloba, 195; obovata 
f. prostrata, 195; Palmeri, 194; 
ventricosa, 193, 194, 195. 

Chrysanthemum cinerarizfolium, 
oA. 

Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 58; 
subsp. bernardinus, 58; var. ma- 
crophyllus, 58; subsp. speciosus, 
58. 

Cirsium fontinale, 71; var. obispo- 
ense, 71; nidulum, 114. 

Cladium jamaicense, 257. 

Clarkia Breweri, 135; modesta, 136; 
221; pulchella, 220; rhomboidea, 
220. 


INDEX 


293 


Claytonia virginica, 23. 
Clematis Douglasii, 61; 
sima, 61; Vitalba, 106. 
Cologania longifolia, 179. 
Constance, Lincoln. Type locality 

of Gilia congesta, 21. 
Convolvulus auriculefolius, 282; 
californicus, 189; fulcratus, 282; 
subacaulis, 189. 
Corallorrhiza maculata, 118. 
Cratzgus chrysocarpa, 24. 
Cronquist, Arthur. New Plant Rec- 
ords in Utah and Idaho, 210. 
Cryptantha hispidula, 277; nema- 
clada, 136; spithamaea, 277. 
Cucumis myriocarpus, 138. 
Cupressus pygmea, 27. 
Cyclobothra alba, 116; paniculata, 
116. 
Cynoglossum penicellatum, 191. 
Cyperus albomarginatus, 56; Era- 
grostis, 108; fuscus, 56; serru- 
latus, 108; vegetus, 108; virens, 
108. 


hirsutis- 


Datisca glomerata, 170. 

Daubenmire, R. F. Range Exten- 
sions for Southeastern Washing- 
ton and Adjacent Idaho, 199. 

Davies, Una. Galium saxatile in 
Oregon, 120. 

Delphinium armeniacum, 219; cali- 
fornicum var. interius, 137 ; cardi- 
nale, 219; nudicaule, 219; varie- 
gatum, 61, 119. 

Dichondra occidentalis, 174. 

Dipsacus fullonum, 16; silvester, 16; 
sylvestris, 16. 

Dodecatheon glandulosum, 36 ; Hen- 
dersoni var. yosemitianum, 37; 
Jeffreyi, 36; var. odoratum, 36; 
var. redolens, 36; pauciflorum, 24, 
25; subalpinum, 37; tetrandrum, 
24, 25; zionense, 37. 

Downingia bella, 2, 3, 4, 33, 34; 
bicornuta, 2, 4, 6, 34, 35; var. 
picta, 4, 5; brachyantha, 200; con- 
color, 4, 33, 34, 35, 104; cuspi- 


294 


data, 34; elegans, 34, 35; humilis, 
6, 34, 35, 278; immaculata, 33, 34; 
insignis, 35; leta, 34, 35; mirabi- 
lis, 5,6,' 33, 34,935): var. eximia, 
6; montana, 33, 35; ornatissima, 
2. 450101 d0) o4,,005 pallida, i: 2, 
33, 34; pulchella, 1, 2, 33, 34, 61, 
192; pusilla, 278; sikota, 35; tri- 
color, 35. 

Draba chrysantha, 178; crassa, 178; 
montana, 179; Pattersonii, 178, 
179; verna, 107. 

Draperia, 52. 

Dyschoriste decumbens, 179. 


Eastwood, Alice. New Species of 
Western Plants, 7; Quest for 
Lilies, 27; New Species of Do- 
decatheon, 36; New Localities 
in North America for Sphero- 
physa Salsula (Pall.) DC., 38; 
Zygadenus fontanus, a New Spe- 
cies from Mt. Tamalpais, 41; 
Notes on Schizococcus, with a 
Key to the Species, 49; New Spe- 
cies of Western Plants, 54; Two 
New Wallflowers, 73; the Per- 
ennial Lupines of California, 81; 
the Tobacco Collected by Archi- 
bald Menzies on the Northwest 
Coast of America, 92; footnote, 
Allium lacunosum Wats. var. mi- 
cranthum Eastwood, var. nov., 
101; Jamesia americana var. cali- 
fornica (Small) Jepson, 102; Two 
New Scrophulariacee, 104; New 
Species in Liliacez, 109; the 
Yellow-flowered Lupines of the 
Pacific States, 125; a New Va- 
riety of Delphinium californicum, 
137; Erysimum filifolium, 144; 
Perennial Lupines of the Pacific 
States, 146, 180; a New Phlox 
from Oregon, 175; New Cali- 
fornian Plants, 186; Some Un- 
described Northern Californian 
Valerians, 196; Lupinus Danaus 
on Mt. Dana and at Adjacent 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY 


[ VOL. II, NO. 16 


Localities, 201; Eugenia Myrci- 
anthes, 214; Two New Lupines, 
215; the Sterculias Cultivated in 
California, 217; New Species of 
Lupinus, 226; Studies in Castil- 
leja, 241; the Lupinus Breweri 
Aggregate, 249; New Western 
Plants, 263, 281. 

Eastwoodia elegans, 138. 

Edwinia californica, 102. 

Emmenanthe penduliflora, 135; var. 
rosea, 135. 

Enceliopsis nudicaulis, 114. 

Epilobium obcordatum, 37. 

Epimedium chrysanthum, 176. 

Equisetum levigatum, 105; varie- 
gatum, 23. 

Eriodictyon californicum, 19. 

Eriogonum angulosum, 137, 276; 
annuum subsp. chihuahuaense, 72; 
apiculatum, 48; var. subvirgatum, 
48; argillosum, 43, 134, 137; bi- 
dentatum, 276; brevicaule, 47; 
subsp. campanulatum, 47; subsp. 
grangerense, 47; subsp. leptothe- 
cum, 47; subsp. orendense, 47; 
subsp. typicum, 47; czspitosum 
subsp. Douglasii var. sublineare, 
72; campanulatum, 47; subsp. 
brevicaule, 47; subsp. granger- 
ense, 47; subsp. leptothecum, 47; 
subsp. orendense, 47; subsp. typi- 
cum, 47; cernuum, 48; subsp. 
tenue, 48; var. multipeduncu- 
latum, 48; chrysocephalum, 46; 
subsp. Cusickii, 46; subsp. typi- 
cum, 46; Cusickii, 46; deflexum, 
48 ; Eastwoodianum, 133; fascicu- 
latum var. obtusiflorum, 137 ; gos- 
sypinum, 277; gracillimum, 276; 
grangerense, 47; hirtiflorum, 99; 
Howellii, 72; var. argense, 72; 
var. subracemosum, 72 ; idahoense, 
46; Kelloggii, 29; lachnostegium, 
46; microthecum var. idahoense, 
46; niveum, 52; Nortoni, 45, 98, 
99, 135; nutans, 48; ochrocepha- 
lum subsp. anemophilum, 46; 


NOVEMBER, 1940] 


subsp. typicum, 46; Ordii, 137; 
orendense, 47; ovalifolium, 46; 
subsp. eximium, 46; var. nivale, 
46; subsp. vineum, 46; peduncu- 
latum, 48; Pringlei, 47; racemo- 
sum, 254; reliquum, 52; rhodan- 
thum, 46; rosense, 46; saxatile, 
99; strictum var. lachnostegium, 
46; subsp. typicum, 46; sulcatum, 
72; var. argense, 72; taxifolium, 
47; tenuissimum, 137; trachygo- 
num, 47; subsp. dentatum, 47; 
subsp. glomerulum, 47; subsp. 
membranaceum, 47; subsp. Prin- 
glei, 47; subsp. subscaposum, 47; 
subsp. taxifolium, 47 ;subsp. typi- 
cum, 47; subsp. Wrightii, 47; 
tripodum, 133, 277; truncatum, 
99, var. adsurgens, 134; umbel- 
latum var. bahizforme, 53; subsp. 
cognatum, 53; subsp. stellatum, 
53; var. subaridum, 53; vestitum, 
42, 43, 134; vimineum, 18, 48, 52, 
99; subsp. adsurgens, 134; subsp. 
Baileyi, 48; var. californicum, 45; 
var. caninum, 45, 99; viridescens, 
276, 277, Wrightii, 47 ; subsp. den- 
tatum, 47; subsp. glomerulum, 47 ; 
subsp. membranaceum, 47; var. 
membranaceum, 47; subsp. Prin- 
glei, 47; subsp. subscaposum, 47; 
var. subscaposum, 47 ; subsp. taxi- 
folium, 47; subsp. trachygonum, 
47; subsp. typicum, 47; zionis, 
253. 

Eriophyllum Jepsoni, 136. 

Erodium cicutarium, 19; moscha- 
tum, 19. 

Erysimum californicum, 74; capi- 
tatum, 107; filifolium, 73, 144; 
moniliforme, 73; teretifolium, 
144. 

Erythrea Muhlenbergii, 171, 172, 
173, 174; tricantha, 171, 172, 173, 
174. 

Eschscholtzia czespitosa, 277; cali- 
fornica, 223; Lemmonii, 277, 278. 


INDEX 


295 


Eugenia edulis, 214; Myrcianthes, 
214; Selloi, 214. 

Eupatorium herbaceum, 113. 

Evax sparsiflora, 135. 

Ewan, Joseph. Centranthus: a New 
Immigrant Genus to California, 
195. 

Eyerdam, Walter J. New Records 
of Noteworthy Northwestern 
Plants, 78. 


Festuca Myuros, 105. 

Firmiana platanifolia, 218. 

Flaveria campestris, 26. 

Forestiera neomexicana, 98, 138. 

Fragaria chiloensis, 20. 

Fraxinus macropetala, 24. 

Fritillaria biflora, 112; eximia, 112; 
lanceolata, 112, 117; liliacea, 117; 
multiflora, 112; mutica, 117. 


Galium angustifolium, 191; var. 
foliosum, 192; saxatile, 120. 

Garrya buxifolia, 29, 236. 

Gentiana calycosa, 76; holopetala, 
222 ; Newberryi, 222 ; tiogana, 221. 

Geranium carolinianum, 20. 

Gifola germanica, 192. 

Gilia alpina, 282; congesta, 21; var. 
montana, 22; var. pseudotypica, 
21; subsp. palmifrons, 22; gili- 
oides, 283; Hoffmanni, 283; lati- 
flora, 282; var. cana, 282; minuti- 
flora, 76; modocensis, 283; palmi- 
frons, 22; pusilla, 100; pygmza, 
100; tenuiflora, 282, 283; var. tri- 
ceps, 282. 

Gnaphalium chilense, 10, 11; col- 
linum, 12; japonicum, 11, 12; 
luteo-album, 10, 11. 

Godetia Dudleyana, 136, 281; epi- 
lobioides, 98, 136; hispidula, 281 ; 
lassenensis, 281; purpurea, 170; 
quadrivulnera, 281. 

Goodman, George J. A New Spe- 
cies of Chorizanthe, 193. 


Gormania Eastwoode, 29. 


296 


Hackelia ursina, 179. 

Hecastocleis Shockleyi, 114. 

Helianthus ciliaris, 114. 

Heller, A. A. Californian Plants, 
Mostly New, 219; Lupinus 
Studies, 279. 

Helosciadium leptophyllum var. lati- 
folium, 171. 

Hemizonia congesta, 104. 

Hershey, A. L. Notes on Plants 
of New Mexico, 138, 257. 

Hesperochiron, 52. 

Hibiscus Trionum, 24. 

Hitchcock, C. Leo. Two Additions 
to the Flora of Montana, 115; 
Notable Western Plants, 177; 
What is Lepidium Menziesii?, 
245. 

Hoover, Robert F. New or Imper- 
fectly Known Californian Spe- 
cies of Downingia, 1; Provisional 
Key to the Species of Downingia 
Known in California, 33; New 
Californian Plants, 128; New 
Information Regarding Calyp- 
tridium and Spraguea, 222; Ob- 
servations on Californian Plants, 


273: 
Hordeum murinum, 105. 


Horkelia congesta, 62; cuneata, 139; 
frondosa, 139; grandis, 139; hir- 
suta, 61. 

Howell, John Thomas. Three Spe- 
cies of Gnaphalium Adventive in 
California, 10; Dipsacus sylves- 
tris Huds., 16; a Russian Col- 
lection of Californian Plants, 17; 
Polygonum argyrocoleon in Cali- 
fornia, 26; New Californian 
Plants, 42; Remarkable New Pha- 
celia, 51; New Varieties of West- 
ern Plants, 57, 70; a Collection 
of Douglas’ Western American 
Plants, 59, 74, 94, 116, 139, 170, 
189; a New Mimulus, 79; Two 
Tragopogons, 89; a _ Botanical 
Visit to the Vancouver Pinnacles, 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY 


[ VOL. II, NO. 16 


97, 135; Observed in the Goose- 
foot Family, 103; a New Species 
of Penstemon, 119; a New Spe- 
cies of Eriogonum, 133; Studies 
in Ceanothus, 159, 202, 228, 259, 
285; a Ground Cover, 174; Van- 
couveria, 175; Plants Worthy of 
Note, 183, 269; Gifola germanica, 
192; Linum angustifolium Huds., 
207 ; Lotus angustissimus L., 208; 
Carduus in California, 212; La- 
thyrus Aphaca L., 218; Antir- 
rhinum Orontium L., 225; New 
Western Plants, 253; a New 
Introduced Grass in California, 
272; on the Distribution of Hul- 
sea heterochroma. 

Hulsea heterochroma, 289. 

Hymenophysa pubescens, 211. 

Hypericum concinnum, 19. 


Imperata arundinacea, 145, 146; 
brevifolia, 146; caudata, 146; 
Hookeri, 145, 146. 

Tonactis alpina, 272. 

Ionoxalis Grayi, 179; Metcalfei, 
179. 


Ipomcea muricata, 179. 

Iris Douglasiana, 263; var. mendo- 
cinensis, 263; humboldtiana, 263; 
Landsdaleana, 186, 187; longi- 
petala, 118; macrosiphon, 263, 
264; var. elata, 264; missouri- 
ensis, 200; Purdyi, 187. 

Isatis tinctoria, 31, 32. 

Isoetes sp., 115; Howellii, 135. 


Jamesia americana, 102; var. cali- 
fornica, 102. 

Jones, George Neville. Supplemen- 
tary Notes on the Flora of the 
Olympic Peninsula, 105. 

Jones, Marcus E., Botanical Itiner- 
ary of, 78. 

Juncus brunnescens, 199; falcatus, 
96. 

Juniperus occidentalis, 66; 
ensis, 65. 


utah- 


NOVEMBER, 1940] 


Kelseya uniflora, 177, 178. 
Kentrophyta impensa, 75; montana, 


453 


Lactuca saligna, 10. 

Layia hieracioides, 98. 

Laphamia intricata, 115; mega- 
cephala, 115; quinqueflora, 258. 

Lathyrus Aphaca, 218. 

Ledum columbianum, 27. 

Lepidium Menziesii, 245, 246, 247, 
248 ; montanum var. glabrum, 179; 
var. spathulatum, 178; virgini- 
cum subsp. Menziesii, 248; var. 
medium, 247, 248; var. Menziesii, 
248 ; var. pubescens, 245, 247, 248; 
var. typicum, 248. 

Leptochloa fascicularis, 274. 

Leptodactylon californicum, 189. 

Lesquerella diversifolia, 178. 

Lessingia parvula, 102. 

Libocedrus decurrens, 66. 

Lilza subulata, 115. 

Lilium Bolanderi, 27, 28; colum- 
bianum, 27 ; Humboldtii, 29; Kel- 
loggii, 27, 28; maritimum, 27, 28; 
occidentale, 29; rubescens, 28. 

Linanthus bicolor, 76; pusillus, 100, 
101; pygmeeus, 100, 101. 

Linum angustifolium, 207, 208; usi- 
tatissimum, 207, 208. 

Lippia Wrightii, 113. 

Lomatium Cous, 200; dasycarpum, 
171; Howellii, 184; simplex, 200. 

Lotus angustissimus, 208; Doug- 
lasii, 8; Leonis, 7; oblongifolius, 
265 ; purpurascens, 264; stipularis, 
265; trifoliolatus, 265. 

Ludwigia palustris, 76. 

Lupinus adsurgens, 280; affinis, 144; 
Agardhianus, 141, 142; albicaulis, 
228, 269; albifrons, 31, 81, 83, 
143, 216; Andersoni, 227, 281; 
angustiflorus, 226; apertus, 281; 
arboreus, 81, 82, 125; var. odora- 
tissimus, 82; Benthamii, 225; ber- 
nardinus, 182, 183; Breweri, 249, 
253; var. bryoides, 252; var. 


INDEX 


297 


grandiflorus, 251; Burkei, 147, 
152, 155, 183; calcaratus, 267; 
Campbelle, 249, 250, 252; var. 
bernardinus, 253; caudatus, 266, 
267; caudiciferus, 215; Chamis- 
sonis, 81, 83, 267; Christinz, 279; 
collinus, 216; concinnus, 140, 141, 
142, 143, 188, 190; croceus, 125, 
126, 127; cytisoides, 143, 144; 
Dales, 266; Danaus, 201, 202, 
249; var. bicolor, 201, 202; de- 
flexus, 225; densiflorus, 144; Du- 
rani, 249, 251; elongatus, 147, 
151, 152, 154; eximius, 81, 84; 
fragrans, 279; franciscanus, 83; 
gracilis, 141, 142; grandifolius, 
147, 150, 151, 180, 181; Hender- 
soni, 266; indigoticus, 226; Isa- 
belianus, 216; latifolius, 82, 83, 
143, 144, 155, 181, 216, 268; var. 
columbianus, 143; var. Dudleyi, 
144; var. Parishi, 181; laxiflorus, 
226; Laynez, 81, 86; lignipes, 81; 
ligulatus, 180, 182; lilacinus, 280; 
littoralis, 81, 84, 85, 86; longipes, 
180, 181; luteolus var. albiflorus, 
187; Lyallii, 201, 202, 268; var. 
Danaus, 201; macrocarpus, 82; 
macrophyllus, 147, 150, 151, 180, 
181; magnus, 150; marinensis, 
267 ;mariposanus, 227 ; Micheneri, 
81, 85; minutifolius, 267 ; monen- 
sis, 249, 250; nanus, 132, 144, 225; 
var. perlasius, 132; nipomensis, 
187; nootkatensis, 149; Orcuttii, 
188; oreganus, 148; ornatus, 75, 
76; pallidipes, 147, 148; Parishii, 
180, 181; Peirsoni, 125; perennis, 
149; perglaber, 268; pilosellus, 
125, 127 ; piperitus, 147, 152; poly- 
phyllus, 83, 147, 148, 149, 150, 153, 
181, 182; pratensis, 180, 181; pro- 
cerus, 147, 153, 154, 183; propin- 
quus, 82; pumicola, 280; rivularis, 
81, 82, 83, 84, 154, 182; var. lati- 
folius, 155; Sabinii, 125, 126; 
spectabilis, 131; Stiversii, 225; 
superbus, 147, 153, 183; var. ber- 


298 


nardinus, 182, 183; sulphureus, 
125, 126; tegeticulatus, 249, 251; 
Tidestromii, 81, 86; Tracyi, 268; 
vallicola, 132; variicolor, 81, 83, 
85, 86; versicolor, 83 ; viridifolius, 
216. 

Luzula campestris, 96; comosa, 96; 
echinata, 96; multiflora, 96. 

Lycium halimifolium, 107. 

Lycopersicum esculentum, 20. 


Maguire, Bassett. Notes on the Dis- 
tribution of Great Basin Plants 
23: 

Malacothrix Clevelandii, 98. 

Malva parviflora, 107. 

Malvastrum fasciculatum, 
mendocinense, 188. 

Marsilia vestita, 115. 

Mentzelia leucophylla, 270; Lind- 
leyi, 117, 170; longiloba, 270; 
oreophila, 270; puberula, 270. 

Mimulus sect. Cleisanthus, 80; 
Bigelovii, 113; var. cuspidatus, 
113; var. panamintensis, 113; 
cleistogamus, 79; Douglasii, 79, 
191; modestus, 79; montioides, 
113; primuloides, 25; Rattani, 
101; tricolor, 79. 

Monolepis pusilla, 103. 

Monotropa uniflora, 199. 

Montia exigua, 118. 

Muilla coronata, 269 ; maritima, 118. 

Munz, Philip A. Interesting West- 
ern Plants, 65, 87, 113, 156; Bo- 
tanical Itinerary of Marcus E. 
Jones, 78. 

Myrciaria edulis, 214. 


188; 


Narthecium californicum, 29. 

Navarretia Eastwoode, 100; divari- 
cata, 100; fallax, 100 ; heterodoxa, 
100; intertexta, 76, 104; nigelle- 
formis, 135, var. radians, 136; 
pubescens, 104. 

Nemacladus rigidus, 185, 186. 

Neostapfia colusana, 273. 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY 


[ VOL. II, NO. 16 


Nicotiana attenuata, 94; Bigelovii, 
94; multivalvis, 92, 93, 94; quadri- 
valvis, 93. 

Nolina Parryi, 29. 

Nothoscordum bivalve, 179. 


(Enothera albicaulis, 156; biennis 
var. hirsutissima, 157; brevipes, 
88, 89; var. pallidula, 88; var. 
typica, 24; claveformis, 88; var. 
aurantiaca, 158; var. Peeblesii, 
158; coronopifolia, 156; deltoides 
var. Piperi, 87; dentata var. Gil- 
manii, 87; graciliflora, 79, 170; 
hirsutissima, 158; Hookeri var. 
hirsuitissima, 157 ; Kunthiana, 87; 
laciniata var. pubescens, 157; 
longissima, 87; Muelleri, 156; 
nana, 157; pallidula, 88, 89; Pen- 
nellii, 156; rosea mexicana, 87; 
scapoidea var. seorsa, 88; spe- 
ciosa, 87; var. Berlandieri, 87; 
var. Childsii, 87; tetraptera var. 
Childsii, 87. 

O’Neill, Hugh. Notes on Western 
Plants, 56; Cyperus Eragrostis 
and C. virens in California, 108. 

Orcuttia, 274. 

Oreocarya capitata, 9; confertiflora, 
9; leucophza, 77. 

Orobanche comosa, 107; fascicu- 
lata, 191. 

Orthocarpus densiflorus, 104; pur- 
purascens, 104; pusillus, 20; sono- 
mensis, 104. 

Oryctes nevadensis, 271. 

Oryzopsis Webberi, 211. 

Osmorrhiza purpurea, 107. 

Osmaronia cerasiformis, 139. 

Ostrya Baileyi, 258. 

Oxalis corniculata, 20. 

Oxytheca luteola, 276. 

Oxytropis, 209 ; foliolosa, 209 ; Lam- 
bertii, 209; oreophila, 209, 210; 
pilosa, 209. 


Pectocarya penicellata, 191, 200. 
Pedicularis angustissima, 179. 


NOVEMBER, 1940] 


Pellza mucronata, 95; Ornithopus, 
95. 

Penstemon sect. Aurator, 120; sect. 
Saccanthera, 120; cordifolius, 
191; Davidsonii, 37; Douglasii, 
77; fruticosus, 77 ; Gairdneri, 77; 
heterophyllus, 191; micranthus, 
200; monoensis, 120; papillatus, 
119, 120. 

Petalonyx crenatus, 70; Gilmanii, 
69; linearis, 70; nitidus, 70; 
Parryi, 70; Thurberi, 70. 

Petasites frigidus, 108; nivalis, 108. 

Petunia parviflora, 191. 

Phaca astragalina 8, 140; Hookeri- 
ana, 75; leucophylla, 62. 

Phacelia brachyloba, 98; Dalesiana, 
51, 52; loaszfolia, 98. 

Phzostoma, 220; atropurpureum, 
220, 221; Mildrede, 221; mo- 
destum, 221. 

Phlox czsia, 54; cyanea, 175. 

Phoradendron juniperinum, 65; 
Libocedri, 66; ligatum, 66. 

Photinia arbutifolia, 139. 

Phyllocalyx edulis, 214. 

Physalis ixocarpa, 19. 

Pickeringia montana, 19. 

Pinus albicaulis, 105; contorta, 27; 
muricata, 27; radiata, 118. 

Pistia Stratiotes, 56. 

Pisum sativum, 20. 

Plagiobothrys californicus var. ful- 
vescens, 101; myosotoides, 256; 
uncinatus, 255, 256. 

Plantago Eschscholtziana, 272; 
truncata, 271, 272; subsp. Esch- 
scholtziana, 272; subsp. firma, 
271. 

Pleuropogon, 274. 

Poa annua, 19. 

Pogogyne parviflora, 104. 

Polygala acanthoclada, 220; lasseni- 
ana, 220; rimulicola, 258. 

Polygonum argyrocoleon, 26. 

Populus tremuloides, 106; var. van- 
couveriana, 105, 106. 


INDEX 


299 


Potamogeton lucens, 105 ; pectinatus, 
96. 

Potentilla atrorubens, 179; califor- 
nica, 139. 

Primula suffrutescens, 37. 

Prunella vulgaris, 20. 

Prunus demissa, 24; ilicifolia, 139. 

Psoralea californica, 68. 

Pterospora andromedea, 171. 

Puccinellia simplex, 273. 


Quercus Muhlenbergii, 258; Wisli- 
zenii, 225. 


Ranunculus Andersonii, 270; Esch- 
scholtzii, 107; Grayanus, 23; 
Suksdorfii, 107 ; trichophyllus var. 
hispidulus, 23; verecundus, 106. 

Raphanus sativus, 19. 

Reverchonia arenaria, 179. 

Rhamnus cuneata, 233. 

Ribes aureum, 278; californicum, 
98; quercetorum, 138. 

Rosa nutkana, 107; var. muriculata, 
107. 

Rubia tinctorum, 25. 

Rudbeckia californica, 55; glauce- 
sens, 55; occidentalis, 55. 

Rumex pulcher, 106. 

Ruta graveolens, 20. 


Salicornia pacifica, 103; rubra, 103. 

Salix monticola, 23. 

Saponaria Vaccaria, 106. 

Saxifraga oppositifolia, 78. 

Schismus barbatus, 273. 

Schizococcus myrtifolius, 49; nis- 
senanus, 49; nummularius, 27, 49, 
50; var. latifolius, 50; sensitivus, 
49, 50. 

Scirpus americanus, 105. 

Scleranthus annuus, 199. 

Scorzonella paludosa, 104. 

Scutellaria tuberosa, 101. 

Sedella pentandra, 99. 

Sedum Heckneri, 183. 

Selaginella lepidophylla, 257; Prin- 
glei, 257. 


300 


Senecio Clevelandii, 133; var. 
heterophyllus, 132, 277; sparti- 
oides, 114; uintahensis, 114, 158. 

Sequoia sempervirens, 96. 

Silene acaulis, 178; californica, 19; 
gallica, 19; inflata, 66. 

Sisyrinchium bellum, 118. 

Solanum nigrum, 20; rostratum, 24. 

Sorghum halepense, 23. 

Sphzrophysa Salsula, 38, 210. 

Spraguea pulchella, 222, 223, 224; 
pulcherrima, 219; umbellata, 223. 

Stacey, J. W. Notes on Carex, 13, 
30, 39, 63, 80, 90, 121, 166. 

Stephanomeria Haleyi, 55. 

Sterculia acerifolia, 217; Bidwillii, 
217; discolor, 217; diversifolia, 
217 ; lurida, 217; platanifolia, 218. 

Stokes, Susan G. Further Studies 
in Eriogonum, 45, 52, 72. 

Streptanthella longirostris, 57, 58; 
var. derelicta, 57, 58. 

Streptanthus cordatus, 68. 

Sueda depressa, 103. 

Swainsona galegifolia, 210. 


Tanacetum canum, 115. 
Thelypodium stamineum, 7. 
Tidestrom, Ivar. Polygonum ar- 
gyrocoleon in Arizona, 26. 
Tragopogon dubius, 89, 211; porri- 
folius, 89; pratensis, 89, 211. 
Trifolium albopurpureum, 170; 
amoenum, 20; fimbriatum, 170; 
heterodon, 170; involucratum, 
170; Macraei, 170; melananthum, 
170; microcephalum, 170; spinu- 


LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY 


[VOL. 11, NO. 16 


losum, 170; tridentatum, 170; 
variegatum, 170; Wormskjoldii, 
170. 
Trillium chloropetalum, 118; ses- 
sile, 118; sessile 8 giganteum, 118. 
Tropidocarpum gracile, 119; scabri- 
usculum, 119. 


Utricularia vulgaris, 115. 


Valeriana Adamsiana, 196, 197; 
arizonica, 196; californica, 197; 
capitata, 196; Follettiana, 197; 
humboldtiana, 197, 198; pauci- 
flora, 196; septentrionalis, 196; 
sitchensis, 196; sylvatica, 196; 
texana, 258. 

Vancouveria chrysantha, 176; hex- 
andra, 176; parviflora, 175; plani- 
petala, 176. 

Velza glauca, 184, 185; var. pur- 
purascens, 185; Kelloggii, 185. 

Vinca major, 107. 


Wheeler, Louis C. Imperata Hook- 
eri Rupr., Illegitimate, 145; As- 
tragalus versus Oxytropis, 209. 


Xerophyllum tenax, 27, 118. 
Ximenesia exauriculata, 26. 
Xylopleurum Berlandieri, 87. 


Zannichellia palustris, 115. 

Zauschneria californica, 170. 

Zigadenus fontanus, 41, 42; Fre- 
montii, 41 ; micranthus, 42; porri- 
folius, 179; venenosus, 41, 42. 


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