THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
PRESENTED BY
PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID
THE
LEPIDOPTERIST'S
CALENDAR:
GIVING THE TIME
WHEN THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA APPEAR
IN THE
EGG, LARVAL, PUPAL, AND IMAGO STATES;
WITH
THE FOOD-PLANT, AND HABITAT.
BY
JOSEPH MERRIN,
(AUTHOR OF "BUTTERFLYING WITH THE POETS," ETC.)
SECOND EDITION.
ENLARGED AND CORRECTED TO THE PRESENT TIME.
GLOUCESTER :
HERBERT MARSDEN, REGENT STREET.
I875-
PRINTED BY
JOHN BELLOWS, STEAM PRESS,
GLOUCESTER.
INTRODUCTION.
(FROM THE FIRST EDITION.)
To know how to do a thing is a great step towards its
accomplishment ; but to know exactly when to do it, is often
the one thing needful to insure success. The regularity with
which, at certain definite dates, most species of Butterflies and
Moths ordinarily appear, is something almost marvellous ; and
many species are not obtained in fine condition through inatten-
tion to the time of their advent, while some may be missed
altogether. Although every care has been taken in giving the
dates of appearance, it is evident that some allowance must be
made for the difference of locality, for our variable climate, and
for other causes, which militate against an unerring accuracy
being always attainable. The time given for the Images includes
the earliest at which they appear, in ordinary seasons, so that
the Collector may be able to secure them in the best condition.
It is hoped that the notes under most of the months will be
found to contain some useful hints ; and that the CALENDAR,
altogether, will prove a useful TIME-GUIDE to the Lepidopterist
throughout the year.
M368485
INTRODUCTION
TO THE SECOND EDITION.
The study of Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera, or scale-
winged insects), has been much more generally pursued in this
country, than that of any other order of the class Insecta. Most
of the large towns in England contain one or more students of
this attractive order, who take a commendable pride in increasing
and improving their collections of specimens ; while in many of
our largest centres of population societies have been established
to advance the science of Entomology, and increase the number
of its students.
Under the encouragement of Government the study of Science
generally has, of late years, been immensely extended. The
preference largely given to the Physical Sciences, over the
Natural Sciences, is doubtless due to the practical mode in
which physics have been taught ; while the devotees of Nature
have been offered little else than theory, as derivable from
books. Field Botany, Field Geology, or Field Entomology
has, to a large degree, had to be pursued by individual students,
at their own discretion, unaided by that light of experiment and
demonstration, which, in the hands of good, practical teachers,
has so effectively helped forward the student of Physical Science.
This is an omission which ought to be supplied, as the pursuit
of Field Studies would be an immense benefit to the sedentary
populations of our large cities and towns.
The favourable reception accorded to the First Edition of
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR proved that it supplied, how-
ever imperfectly, a want that was really felt. The present
Edition has been re-cast, re-written, and considerably extended.
While largely adding details regarding various species, the
Author believes he has carried out several improvements, which
will make the Work both of wider scope, and of easier reference.
The arrangement carried out (Doubleday's), is that which is now
generally adopted in this country. The number of new species
added to our Lists since the publication of the First Edition of
the CALENDAR, in 1860, is considerable, and affords a striking
proof of the intelligent energy which has been exercised in
working out the Lepidoptera. This fact, coupled with the
great increase which has taken- place in our knowledge regarding
a large number of species, rendered a NEW EDITION of the
CALENDAR desirable, independent of the fact of its having been
for some time out of print, and still in considerable request.
In a work of this kind, which is mainly made up of recorded
observation, the great aim of the Author has been to indicate
the leading points of what is known of the British Lepidoptera,
in all their stages, and to record how they behave in a state of
nature, rather than under the artificial treatment of the breeder,
with a view to finding the species desired, with the smallest
expenditure of time and trouble. While breeding insects from
the egg is an admirable method of gaining insight into the
habits of some species, which could not otherwise be obtained,
and especially for the initial steps where the food-plant and
habits are wholly unknown, it often has its drawbacks in hiding
from view habits pursued in a state of nature, to obtain food,
evade enemies, and other important points which pertain to the
life-history of the species. Breeding has a legitimate function
to perform, in helping to enlighten us as to the occult habits of
many species ; but to continue the process year after year with
the same species, simply for the sake of obtaining " fine
specimens" for cabinet exhibition and exchange, is not true
science. No one ever heard of a botanist gathering seeds
of a rare plant, and imitating the natural conditions in his
own garden, and then offering the products of his industry in
exchange for other plants he has not been able to obtain. One
of the evil results of this system has been that (many rare or
local species having been thus secured) no effort is made to
obtain a knowledge of their habits in a state of nature, simply
because the " blank" their absence caused in the cabinet has
been filled up, and we know what the species can be got to eat,
and how it behaves in the captivity of the breeding-cage.
In collecting the many details set forth in the CALENDAR, the
Author has received important aid from several Entomologists,
VI
including Mr. Charles G. Barrett, Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson, Mr. J.
Sang, M. Ragonot, Mr. H. Marsden, Mr. G. T. Porritt, Mr. R.
Mitford, Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, Mr. Howard Vaughan, Rev.
B. Smith, and others, to all of whom he desires to express his
grateful acknowledgments.
With respect to the plan of the CALENDAR, it may be explained
that under each month of the year is given the species, as they
appear, as
OVA, or Eggs ;
LARVJE/ or Caterpillars ;
PUP.5j, or Chrysalides ; and as
IMAGOS, or perfect Insects ;
With the Plant, or Material upon which they may be found ; or
the kind of Hiding-place, or Habitat, in which, they are most
frequently met with. Where no peculiar habitat could be
tabulated, in the case of the Tortrices and the Tinaea, some of
the more noted localities are mentioned. The Lists of Ova, as
well as of Pupae, might have been enlarged ; but only those
species have been notified about which something definite can
be stated. It is only chiefly those Larvae which hibernate that
have had the earlier period of the larval condition noted, in
order that the full term of its duration may be indicated. In
most other cases the period of approaching maturity only has
been given.
After the work open to the Collector, each month, has been
thus set forth,
of
WITH THE TIMES OF THEIR APPEARANCE,
follows, the months being indicated by Roman numerals. The
life of an Insect, in its various stages, can thus be seen at
a glance ; while details pertaining to each species will be
found specified under the month which is given in the body of
the Book, thus rendering a paged Index unnecessary. So few
of the smaller species being mentioned as OVA and PUP^E, they
are omitted from the LIST, the Larvae and Imagos only being
given.
CONTENTS.
Introduction. (From the
First Edition) ...
Introduction to the Second
Edition ...
Explanation of Abbre-
viations ...
Corrections and Additions
Page.
in.
IV.
VIII.
VIII.
JULY.
Ova
Larvae
Pupae...
Imagos
AUGUST.
Ova
JANUARY.
Ova
I
Larvae
Pupae
Larvae .
-I
Imagos
Pupae ...
Images
... 4
... 7
SEPTEMBER.
Ova ...
FEBRUARY.
Larvae
Pupae
Ova
Larvae ...
Pupae ...
Images
MARCH.
8
... 9
... 10
... 13
Imagos
OCTOBER.
Ova
Larvae
Pupae...
Ova
it
Larvae ...
Pupae ...
Images
... 16
... 19
... 22
Imagos
NOVEMBER.
Ova
APRIL.
Larvae
Pupae
Ova
Larvae
... 24
2C
Imagos
Pupae ...
Images
MAY.
Ova
Larvae ...
Pupae . .
••• 33
... 36
... 40
... 42
58
DECEMBER.
Ova
Larvae
Pupae...
Imagos
Imagos
JUNE.
Ova
... 61
71
Appendix I. Specific and
Common Names of Plants
Mentioned in the Calendar
Appendix II. A List of
Larvae ...
... 74
British Lepidoptera, with
Pupae
84
the Times of their Appear-
Imagos
... 87
ance
106
no
117
119
138
140
148
150
162
163
173
176
181
182
1 86
190
192
193
198
199
199
202
203
2O5
2I4
0f
In order to save space, a few abbreviations have been used
in the Monthly Lists. They are as follow : —
s .......... Sometimes ; that the species is not constant in appear-
ing at the time indicated
r ..... .. ... Root; that the species is found at the root of the
plant mentioned
sub ....... Subterranean ; that the species pupates in the earth
fl .......... Flower, or flowers
cJ ......... Male
9 ......... Female
1 .......... Light
b ......... . Beginning of a month
m .......... About the middle of a month
e .......... Towards the end of a month
var ....... Variety
N. ......... North
S .......... South
E .......... East
W ...... , ... West
2 ......... Second appearance, or second brood
3 ......... Third, ditto
h .......... Hibernates, or hibernation
(Hamttwrn aittr
P. 35, for the title Larva; on the top of this p. read Pupa:.
it 53> near the bottom of the second column dele B. uliginosana.
„ 99, line 8, dele B. uliginosana.
„ 115, line 21, for B. uliginosana, read D. Lorquiniana.
Add to the hibernating larvae appearing in the spring months : N. genistella,
from Sept. , in a web, among furze.
Add to p. 93, after „ fraxinata : „ extensaria, a large and rare Eupethecia,
reported by Mr. Prest, of York, to have been taken, by Mr Sawyer,
on some waste ground near Hull, about the middle of the summer
of 1873.
%* A few typographical errors in the names will be found in the body of the
Book, but they have been corrected in the LIST.
fCqpib0}rtetist'0
JANUARY
OVA]
Beyond a continuation of the winter's work of searching ior pupae, &c.,
which will be found specified under the months best adapted for commencing
it, the Lepidopterist will not find much to do in the way of out-door occupa-
tion this month. Now is the time to ramble into fresh districts, with the
view of discovering new localities, the character of which may often be
judged of by the trees, herbage, and general appearance, although no insect-
life be stirring. With a view to future reference, the result of such visits
should not fail to be recorded in the Entomological Diary, which no one
engaged in the study should omit to keep.
While egg-searching may be carried on at those times when little or
nothing is stirring in the insect- world, and
"The banks that wore a smiling green,
With rank defilement overspread,
Bewail their flowery beauties, dead,"
the occupation will have its advantage in sometimes rewarding the searcher
with a large batch of perhaps some "good" species, besides furnishing him
with a knowledge of the habits of many previously unknown. A collection
of eggs of Lepidoptera, preserved upon the objects on which they have been
laid, would be very interesting. Insect eggs are, of course, generally laid
upon, or near the food of the future larva ; and therefore the localities
where known species occur should be more especially chosen for the work of
searching.
Although many eggs are laid late in the spring, or during the summer,
soon after the imagos emerge, the eggs of several autumnal species, as well
as of many which do not pair until the spring, may be found during the early
months of the year, by careful searching. Unless the eyesight is very good,
it is desirable for the searcher to call in optical aid in the shape of spectacles,
by which he would be enabled to clearly see a minute object like the egg of
a lepidopteron at a distance of one or two feet. His chances of success will
be thus very much increased. Bright or sunny days should be chosen by
preference for egg hunting. By exercise the eye will become rapidly
accustomed to this kind of work, and proportionate success may be expected.
Many species, particularly some of the bombyces, begin to lay almost
immediately after they emerge. Other kinds, notably some of the butterflies,
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA] JANUARY
postpone the season of pairing and laying until they have well-nigh worn
themselves ragged and bare. A knowledge of these facts will, of course,
aid the searcher in his discovery of eggs. Much time may be saved by
hitting upon the right time when, and the right place where, to look for
certain species, resulting from actual observation, or reasonable deduction.
Many other species besides those named in the lists given in the Calendar,
whose larvae arrive at maturity towards the end of May, may be found during
this and the next two months, by searching the twigs, shoots, &c., of trees
and bushes.
T. quercus on oak H.
„ w-album on wytch elm F.
„ pruni on sloe H.
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white „
H. comma on trefoil, and other
Leguminosse C.
L. dispar on trunks of sloe,
hawthorn, and fruit trees; in a „
conical heap, covered with O.
down
„ monacha on oak,beech, birch, ,,
fir, apple, &c. E.
T. cratsegi on hawthorn ; also
s. sloe, sallow, birch, oak M.
P. populi on oak, poplar, lime, S.
ash, hawthorn C.
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe,
orchard trees ; in batches spi-
rally round twigs and branches M
,, castrensis on Artemesia mari-
tima, Daucns maritimus, &c.
E. vespertaria .. on nut „
„ apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow
C. elinguaria ...on oak, honeysuckle, „
hawthorn, sloe ; also heath, bil-
berry, &c. ; brick-shaped, large, „
purplish slate colour
E. alniaria on alder, birch, sal- „
low, beech, £c. ; brick-shaped,
like all the Ennomos „
„ tiliaria on oak, sallow,
birch, alder, &c. ; purplish E.
,, fuscantaria ...on ash, privet; upon „
the twigs, in small batches C.
,, erosaria on oak, birch, &c. T.
angularia on oak, birch, beech,
&c. P.
pennaria on oak
pinetaria on bilberry
aurantiaria ...on oak, birch, haw-
thorn, &c.
defoliaria on oak, nut, sloe,
hawthorn, birch, elm, lime, &c.
brumata on oak, and other
trees
boreata on birch
dilutata .... on oak, and other
trees
filigrammaria on sallow
subciliata ...on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
rubiginata ...on alder; large
vetulata on buckthorn
immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c. ; large
prunata on currant, and
gooseberry ; upon the bark ;
large
testa ta on heath, birch,
sallow, poplar, &c. ; singly,
large
populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry ; globular, large, yellow
fulvata on dog rose; rose
pink, large
pyraliata on Galium, a.nd
hawthorn ; large
dotata black, and red cur-
rant ; large
cervinaria ...on mallow
lineolata on Galium
spartiata on broom
chaerophyllata on Bunium flex-
uosum
Cassinea on oak
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA] JANUARY
P. plumigera ...on maple, chiefly on P. chi on dock, hawthorn,
sallow ; and probably lettuce,
the twigs, in hedges not shaded
by trees. Often singly, but s.
in clusters of two, three, or
many more. Circular, smooth,
brown above, whitish beneath
G. flavago on marsh thistles,
burdock, &c. ; in heaps
O. lota on willows, & sallow
T. subtusa on poplar ; upon the
twigs
„ retusa sallow, willow, pop-
lar ; upon the axils of the leaves
sow thistle, "tea tree," &c.
purplish brown
,, flavocincta . . .on dock, chickweed,
groundsel, mint, &c. ; in gar-
dens on everlasting pea, plum,
&c.
H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, globular, (slightly oval)
indented on upper side ; pale
yellow
LARVJE]
The following are among the larvae which may be found this month : —
L. lithargyria ...chickweed, plantain,
grasses, &c.
A. saucia from Nov., plantain,
dock, and other low plants
P. meticulosa ...from Nov., ground-
sel, and various low plants
S. anomala grass, in open parts
of woods
P. farella Anthyllisvulneraria;
may be found hibernating in
balls of sand during the winter
E. elutella nuts, cocoa nibs,
figs, dog biscuit, &c.
„ ficella figs
,, artemesiella . Artemesia vulgaris,
and A. absynthium ; through
the winter inside the r. stalks
M. cephalonica...from Nov., dried
currants, £c.
P. gentiana teazle heads
O. antiquana ...Stachys arvensis, r.
E. gallicolana ...oak apple galls
C. cosmophorana bark of spruce and
Scotch fir
R. resinana in twigs of Scotch
fir ; and it is said in the resinous
exudation
N. aurella... .bramble; may be
found almost throughout the
year, mining bramble leaves
S. corollana shoots of aspen
D. tanacetana (?) tansy
A. Schreibersiana bark of elm
„ seniana in r. of ragwort
C. Dipoltana ...seeds of Achillea
millefolium
T. rusticella on cloth, &c.
(E. pseudo-spretella in dried peas, &c.
E. fenestrella ...all the year round ;
on waste substances in houses
B. grandipennella furze
Besides the above there are a large number of other larvre which have
hibernated. These, however, will be found specified under the next, and
following months, by which time their food-plants are beginning to be
obtainable.
If the winter is a very mild one, some of the species set out under February
and March may be found this month, and some portion of the work falling
due in those months may now be performed.
B 2
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE] JANUARY
Pupae hunting this month, with the thermometer down, and "the wind's
low stave" exercising its depressing effect, is likely to be rather trying work.
In the list which is appended the species which are to be found in the early
part of the winter are repeated, in order that the full amount of work to be
done in this department may be seen, and that that which has not been
sufficiently attended to before the winter set in, may be looked after as
opportunity offers.
P.
C.
Machaon ...... on stems of Peuce-
danum palustre ; in fens
°valing5>walls'
nap .........
cardamines ...on stems of grass, &c.
ocellatus ...... sub. at willows, pop-
lars, &c.
populi ......... sub. at poplars, wil-
low, &c.
tilise ............ sub. at elm, lime,
beech
ligniperda ...at various trees ;
spun up, under bark, &c. ; but
s. buries
asellus ......... spun up, on a leaf
mendica . ..... under moss, on trees
bordering ditches
lubricepeda ) spun up, on trees,
menthrasti ) palings, &c.
urticae ......... under moss, on trees
pudibunda ...in dead leaves,
under moss, &c.
lanestris ...... cocoon on the
ground, near hawthorn, sloe,
&c. ; s. remains in pupa many
years
versicolora ...spun up, at birch
carpini ......... cocoon amongst
leaves, heath, &c.
dolobraria .. .under moss, on oak,
&c.
illunaria ...... sub. , at willow, oak,
&c.
lunaria ......... at sloe, oak, nut, &c.
bidentata ...... under moss, on
various trees
zonaria ...... sub., at 'sandhills,
on the coast
hispidaria ...at oak
hirtaria ......... sub., at elm, linfe,
ash, and fruit trees
A. prodromaria sub. , at oak, elm, &c.
„ betularia sub., at oak, elm,
birch, and other trees
H. abruptaria ...spun up, on twigs,
&c., of lilac, rose, or privet
T. consonaria ...under moss, at r. of
beech, oak, birch
T. crepuscularia under moss, on alder,
birch, elm, poplar, willow ; or
in bark crevices
,, biundularia ...spun up, on oak,
and birch
„ punctulata ...under moss, on
birch and alder ; or in bark
crevices
I. lactearia spun up, among
leaves of oak, and birch
E. porata fastened to leaf of
oak
„ punctaria fastened to leaf of
oak, or birch
. trilineraria ...fastened to leaf of
beech
„ pendularia ...fastened to leaf of
birch
E. heparata among moss, &c.,
on alder
C. exanthemaria spun up, under
leaves of sallow, and alder
M. liturata at larch, rarely with-
in 2 ft. of the tree
N. pulveraria ...in withered sallow
leaves
F. carbonaria ...among dead leaves
of sallow, and birch
tl piniaria at Scotch fir, and
larch ; in open places in woods,
rarely within 2 ft. of the tree,
at 1/2 to 2 in. deep
H. rupicapraria in a slight web, on
the ground, among hawthorn,
sloe, or oak
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JANUARY
H. leucophearia on the ground, near
oaks
„ progemmaria sub., at oak, birch,
hombeam, &c.
, , defoliaria ...... sub. , at oak, haw-
thorn, sloe, hornbeam, nut,
elm, &c.
A . aescularia ...... sub. , at elm, oak,
lime, sloe, hawthorn
L. multistrigaria sub., about Galium
E. albulata ...... within the spun-up
sepals of yellow rattle
„ decolorata ...about Lychnis dioica
E. venosata ...... about Silene, and
Lychnis
„ consignata . . . probably under moss,
& loose bark, in apple orchards
,, pulchellata ...among the seeds,
and dead fl. of foxglove
„ isogrammata about Clematis vitalba
„ fraxinata ...... on ash, under moss,
and loose bark
„ vulgata ......... sub., about various
plants, and trees
„ minutata ...... about heath
„ assimilata ...... in crevices about
currant and hop
„ exiguata ...... about oak, &c.
M. ocellata ...... among Galium; spun
up, near the ground
A.
„
„
C.
E.
D.
sinuata ......... in earthen cocoon,
on the ground among Galium
badiata ........ in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, beneath dog rose
bushes
derivata ...... sub. , at dog rose
sagittata ..... spun up, among
Thalictrum, or on the ground
near ; in fens
lineolata ..... cocoon attached to
Galium verum, under the sur-
face, on coast sandhills
bicuspis ...... spun up, on birch
trunks in the south ; alder in
the north ; rarely above 2 ft.
from the ground
furcula ......... spun up, on trunk of
willow, or sallow
D. bifida spun up, on trunk
of poplars
„ vinula spun up, on trunk of
willows, poplars, and sallow ;
three or four feet from the
ground
S. fagi spun up, among
leaves of beech, oak, birch, elm;
s. at r.
P. bucephala ...sub., at various trees
C. curtula spun up, between
dead leaves of poplars, & sallow
„ reclusa spun up, among dead
leaves of sallow, poplars, willow
P. palpina at willows, and
poplars, on edges of streams,
or under sods near
N. camelina sub. , at various trees
„ cucullina sub., at maple, and
sycamore
„ carmelita sub., at birch
„ dictsea at poplars, and wil-
lows, or under sods near
„ dictseoides ...sub., at birch
„ dromedarius ' sub. , at birch, alder,
nut
„ ziczac sub. , at poplars, sal-
low, willows
„ trepffia sub., at oak
„ Chaonia sub., at oak
„ Dodonea sub., at oak, and
birch
T. batis near bramble, and
wild raspberry
C. duplaris between united birch
leaves
„ fluctuosa among birch leaves
„ flavicornis ...between united birch
leaves
D. Orion at birch and oak, in
a cocoon of gnawed bark, or
rotten wood
A. tridens spun up, in crevices
of bark, at hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
„ psi in bark crevices of
various trees
„ leporina in excavations in the
bark of birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
JANUARY
A. aceris ...... spun up, among fallen T.
leaves, and under loose bark of D.
sycamore, horse chesnut, maple,
birch, and s. oak [poplar
„ megacephala under loose bark of „
strigosa ...... among dead leaves ,,
of hawthorn, or rubbish, or „
decayed wood ; s. sub. H.
|f alni ............ between leaves of
various trees, or inside bramble ,,
sticks
„ ligustri ...... spun up, under moss, „
stones, &c., near ash, and privet;
also sub. ; also found under the
topstones of walls against the tree ,,
A. rumicis ......... spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c. X.
A. putris ......... sub. at elm
D. pinastri ...... in a cocoon, on the C.
ground, among dock, sorrel, &c.
X. conspicillaris sub., at elm, and
other trees „
M. albicolon ...... sub., near Atriplex, „
Chenopodium, lettuce, &c.
C. Morpheus .. spun up, in a leaf, or
earthen cocoon attached to food- ,,
plant [ferae, grass, &c.
A. segetum, s. ...sub., among Cruci- „
T. piniperda ...... at Scotch, a"nd other „
firs, in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin, in crevices H,
of bark ; and under moss and
fallen needles, rarely within 2 ft. „
of the tree, I l/z to 2 in. deep
T. gothica ...... sub. , at various trees
„ leucographa \ f j k A.
„ rubncosa ... \ E.
„ instabilis ... f varioustrees
„ stabihs ...... \ B.
„ opima ........ at r. of Rosa spino-
sissima, and dwarf sallow ; on B.
sandhills in the north, below
the sand A.
(l populeti ...... sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra ; deep „
,, gracilis ........ sub., at willows,
sallows, and low plants [&c. P.
|( miniosa ...... among fallen leaves, E.
„ munda ......... under moss, at base
of oaks G,
cruda sub. , at oak
carpophaga..sub., near Silene and
Lychnis, on the coast ; found
by raking sandhills
oesia ... ) sub., about Silene
capsophila \ maritima, on the coast
capsincola ...sub., near Lychnis
. serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
glauca sub., near sallow,
and birch
oleracea sub., near elm,
nettle, clock, &c. ; also in
kitchen gardens
thallassina ...sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
lithoriza near honeysuckle, in
a papery cocoon, on the ground
verbasci ... \ sub., in earthen co-
f coon, near mullein
f and figwort
scrophularise ) s. 2 years in pupa
lychnitis in earthen cocoon,
near white and black mullein ;
s. 2 years in pupa
asteris near golden rod,
&c. ; s. 2 years in pupa
gnapbalii near golden rod
umbratica ...sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites, and
Linaria
myrtilli spun up, in heath
venustula at r. of Tormentilla
reptans, and grass
argentula among grass, on the
ground
parthenias ...at birch, in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
urticre spun up, among nettle
leaves
triplasia spun up, among nettle
leaves, hop, &c. [garis
senea among Polygala vul-
sambucalis . . . spun up, in crevices,
in palings, walls, &c., near elder
canella among Salsola kali
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JANUARY
The following species emerge this month : —
P. pilosaria <$ comes to 1. ; ? on
tree trunks, &c.
H. rupicapraria on hedges at dusk
H. leucophearia . . . c? often flies by day;
9 hides on oak trunks [round
E. fenestrella ...in houses all the year
The following, with several other species, hibernate, and may be found in
this and succeeding months, up to May or June : —
G. rhamni in and near woods A.
on sunny days
C. Edusa at rest in hollow
trees, outhouses, &c.
„ Hyale C.
V. c-album ...^
polychloros | at rest in outhouses,
\ i- I &c. , and s. rlying
Antiopa ... y about on sunny
carclui )
M. stellatarum...from Sept., s. flying
in the sunshine
E. fasciaria ...
) may be beaten from
C.
T. variata
) Scotch fir
C. fluviata ....
X.
S. dubitata .. .
..comes to light
n
C. psitticata ...
„ miata
„ silaceata ...
/ in hollow trees, out-
( houses, &c.
G.
A. auricoma....
L. lithargyria? .
..
H.
A. puta
,, suffusa
E.
saucia this species hns been
taken this month and also in
Mar., April, July, Aug., Sept.,
and Oct.
vaccinii
spadicea
erythrocephala
satellitia
rubiginea
croceago
templi under stone heaps in
elevated districts ; one or two
moths may s. be obtained by
turning over a ton of stones !
vetusta
exoleta
conformis ...
rhizolitha
semibrurinea
petrificata .
libatrix
low trees
rostralis in gardens, and out-
houses
ocellea .... . . .comes to 1.
.in cellars, and hoi-
FEBRUARY
OVA]
Some of the bright days which sometimes occur during this'month, when
apparently,
"Winter storms have ceased to chide, "
will be found particularly suitable for egg searching, as it will generally be yet
too early to do much with larvae, or imagos. The eggs obtainable last month,
and which still remain unhatched, are repeated under this, and succeeding
months, until they hatch ; so that the work to be done in this department can
be clearly seen.
T. quercus on oak E.
„ w-album on wytch elm
,r pruni on sloe „
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per-
pusillsus; white
H. comma on trefoil, and other H
Leguminosse F.
L. dispar on trunks of sloe, H
hawthorn, and various fruit l(
trees ; in a conical heap, covered
with down
„ monacha on oak, beech, birch,
fir, apple, &c. C.
T. cratsegi on hawthorn ; also s.
sloe, sallow, birch, oak ,,
P. populi on oak, poplar, lime, O.
ash, hawthorn
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe, ,,
orchard trees ; in batches spi- E.
rally round twigs and branches
. „ castrensis on Artemesia mari- M
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c. S.
E. vespertaria ...on nut C.
„ apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow
C. elinguaria on oak, honeysuckle, ,,
hawthorn, sloe ; also heath, bil-
berry, &c. ; brick-shaped, large, „
purplish slate colour
E. alniaria on alder, birch, sal- „
low, beech, &c. ; brick-shaped,
like all the Ennomos
„ tiliaria on oak, sallow, birch, „
alder, &c. ; purplish
fuscantaria . . .on ash, privet ; upon
the twigs, in small batches
erosaria on oak, birch, &c.
angularia on oak, birch, beech,
&c.
pennaria on oak
pinetajria on bilberry [sloe
. rupicapraria on oak, hawthorn,
aurantiaria... on oak, birch, haw-
thorn, &c.
defoliaria on oak, nut, sloe,
hawthorn, birch, elm, lime, &c.
brumata on oak, and other
trees
boreata on birch
dilutata on oak, and other
trees
filigrammaria, on sallow
subciliata ...on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
rubiginata ...on alder; large
vetulata on buckthorn
immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c. ; large
prunata on currant, and
gooseberry; upon the bark; large
testata on heath, birch, sal-
low, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
populata on poplar, bilberry,
whortleberry ; globular, large,
yellow
fulvata on dog rose; rose-
pink, large
±HE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
FEBRUARY
C. pyraliata on Galium, haw-
thorn ; large
„ dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
E. cervinaria on mallow
C. spartiata on broom
T. chaerophyllata...on Bunium flex-
uosum
P. Cassinea on oak
P. plumigera ...on maple, chiefly on
the twigs, in hedges not shaded
by trees. Often singly, but
s. in clusters of two, three,
or many more. Circular,
smooth, brown above, whitish
beneath
G. flavago on stems of marsh
thistles, burdock, &c. ; in heaps
O. lota on willows, & sallow
T. subtusa on poplar ; upon the
twigs
„ retusa on sallow, willow,
poplar, ; upon the axils of the
leaves
P. chi on dock, hawthorn,
sallow ; and probably lettuce,
sow thistle, "tea tree" &c. ;
purplish brown
,, flavocincta ...ondock, chickweed,
groundsel, mint,&c. ; in gardens,
on everlasting pea, plum, &c.
X. conformis ...on alder, birch
H. proboscidalis..on nettle ; rather
large, globular (slightly oval)
indented on upper side ; pale
yellow
LARV.&]
If the weather is mild, many hybernating larvae may be found in the
evening, or in the day-time where the sun is shining. Those feeding on
grasses, low plants, &c., are best found in the evening, with the aid of a
lantern. The edges of wood-ridings, hedge banks, &c., should be examined
on mild evenings, and a good supply of the herbage upon which the species
is found be taken away for their sustenance.
O. filigrammaria bilberry and sallows
C. munitata ...from Sept. groundsel
C. suffumata ...full fed in the au-
tumn ; turns to a pupa this
month or the next
B. glandifera ...from Sept., lichens
on walls
,f perla from Sept., lichens
on walls
L. vitellina from Oct., grasses
„ turca grasses
„ lithargyria ...chickweed, plantain
grasses &c.
„ straminea ...common reed, and
coarse grasses, in damp meadows
and borders of streams
M. anceps ?
A. basilinea from Aug., various
plants
A. lucernea harebell, dandelion,
&c.
N. festiva from July, violet,
sallows, foxglove, &c.
„ umbrosa from Aug. , dock and
various low plants
E. lichenea from Nov. , ragwort,
and various low plants on the
coast
P. empyrea from Nov. , pilewort,
&c.
S. anomala grass, in open parts
of woods
C. falsellus to May, the moss
growing on walls and rocks,
Grimmea pulvinata, &c.
C. phragmitellus from Oct. , common
reed
E. elutella nuts, chocolate, figs,
&c.
P. gentianana ...teazle
O. antiquana ..Stachys arvensis, r.
E. scutulana ...in thistle stems
10
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LAEVJE]
FEBRUARY
E. gallicolana ...oak apple galls
C. cosmophorana bark of spruce,
and Scotch fir
R. resinana in twigs of Scotch
fir ; and it is said in the resinous
exudation
S. corollana shoots of aspen
D. tanacetana?... tansy
A. Schreibersiana bark of elm
C. Dipoltana ...seeds of Achillea
millefolmm
P. Birdella in grass stems, and
probably among hay grass
T. rusticella on cloth, &c.
I. Oehlmanniella from Oct., in a flat
case under fallen leaves
G. ericetella from Sept., Erica
cinerea and on E. tetralix, and
Calluna erica
G. luculella in decayed wood
P. Metzneriella...in heads of Cen-
taurea nigra
„ carlinella ...Centaurea nigra, and
thistle heads
H. bracteella ...in decayed wood
CE. pseudo-spretella dried peas,
&c.
B. grandipennella furze
A. Gcedaretella...in bark of alder,
birch, &c.
C. farinatella ...Scotch fir
L. paludicolella...Epilobium
atra (Hellerella) hirsutum,
thorn berries, and shoots of
apple
N. aurella in bramble; maybe
found all the year round
PUPJE]
"February fill-dyke" will oppose many obstacles to the pupa hunter.
But it is hoped that the long list of species, many of them decidedly "good,"
which will be found set forth as possible to be obtained this month, will
induce extra activity, and convert what might otherwise be only a simple
ramble for health sake, into a profitable, as well as health-giving, excursion.
P. Machaon on stems of Peuce-
danum palustre, in fens
P. brassicse ... )
,, rapse > on palings, walls, &c.
„ napi )
A. cardamines ...on stems of grass,
&c.
S. ocellatus sub., at willows,
poplars, &c.
„ populi sub., at poplars, wil-
low, &c.
„ tiliae sub., at elm, lime,
beech
C. ligniperda at various trees ;
spun up, under bark, &c. ; but
s. buries
L. asellus spun up, on a leaf
A. mendica under moss, on trees
bordering ditches
„ lubricepeda ) spun up, on trees,
„ menthrasti ( palings, £c.
A. urticoe under moss, on trees
O. pudibunda ...in dead leaves, under
moss, &c.
E. versicolora ...spun up, at birch
S. carpini cocoon amongst
leaves, heath, &c.
E. dolobraria ...under moss on oak,
&c.
S. illunaria
&c.
O. bidentata
.sub., at willow, oak,
.under moss on
various trees
N. zonaria sub., at sandhills on
the coast
B. hirtaria sub., at elm, lime,
ash, and fruit trees [&c.
A. proclomaria ...sub., at oak, elm,
„ betularia sub., at oak, elm,
birch, and other trees
H. abruptaria ...spun up, on twigs,
&c., of lilac, rose, or privet
THE LEPIDOPTERISTS CALENDAR
IT
PUP.E]
FEBRUARY
T. consonaria ...under moss at r. of E.
beech, oak, birch „
„ biundularia . . .spun up, on oak and
birch ,,
„ punctulata ...under moss, on birch, M
and alder ; or in bark crevices
I. lactearia spun up, among M,
leaves of oak, and birch • „
E. porata fastened to leaf of A.
oak
„ punctaria fastened to leaf of ,,
oak, or birch
„ trilinearia ...fastened to leaf of
beech „
„ pendularia ...fastened to leaf of C.
birch
E. heparata among moss, &c., on
alder E.
C. exanthemaria spun up, under leaves
of sallow, and alder
M. liturata at lai-ch, rarely with- D.
in 2 feet of the tree
N. pulveraria ...in withered sallow
leaves
F. carbonaria ...among dead leaves ,,
of sallow, and birch
,, piniaria at Scotch fir and ,,
larch ; in open places in woods,
rarely within 2 feet of the tree, „
at 1)4 to 2 inches deep
A. oescularia ...sub., at elm, oak,
lime, sloe, hawthorn S.
L. multistrigaria sub., about Galium
E. albulata within the spun-up
sepals of yellow rattle P.
,, decolorata ..about Lychnisdioica C.
E. venosata about Silene, and
Lychnis
„ consignata ...probably under moss, ,,
and loose bark, in apple or-
chards
„ pulchellata ...among the seeds P.
and dead fl., of foxglove
,, isogrammata about Clematis
vitalba N.
„ fraxinata on ash, under moss, „
and loose bark
- „ nanata about heath „
„ vulgata sub., about various „
plants, and trees
minutata about heath
assimilata ...in crevices, about
currant and hop
exiguata about oak, &c.
, ocellata among Galium ;
spun up, near the ground
subtristata ) , .-, ,.
galiata | sub., near Galmm
sinuata in earthen cocoon;
on the ground, among Galium
badiata in earthen cocoon;
on the ground, beneath dog rose
bushes
derivata sub., at dog rose
sagittata spun up, among
Thalictrum ; or on the ground
near ; in fens
lineolata cocoon attached to
Galium verum, under the sur-
face, on sandhills
bicuspis spun up, on birch
trunks in the S. ; alder in the
N. ; rarely above 2 ft., from
the ground
furcula spun up, on trunk of
willow, or sallow
bifida spun up, on trunk
of poplars
vinula spun up, on trunk of
willows, poplars, and sallows ;
three, or four feet from the ground
fagi spun up, among
leaves of beech, oak, birch, elm;
s. at r.
bucephala . . . sub. , at various trees
curtula spun up, between
dead leaves of poplars, and
sallow
reclusa spun up, among dead
leaves of sallows, poplars,
willows
palpina at willows, and pop-
lars, on edges of streams, or
under sods near
camelina ...sub., at various trees
cucullina sub., at maple, and
sycamore
carmelita sub., at birch
dictasa at poplars, and wil-
lows, or under sods near
12
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
N. dictaeoides ...sub., at birch
,( dromedarius ... sub. , at birch, alder,
nut
„ ziczac sub. , at poplars, sal-
low, willows
„ trepida sub., at oak
„ Chaonia sub., at oak
,, Dodonea ......sub., at oak, and
birch
T. batis near bramble, and
wild raspberry [leaves
C. duplaris between united birch
„ fluctuosa among birch leaves
„ flavicornis ... between unitedbirch
leaves
D. Orion at birch, and oak,
in a cocoon of gnawed bark,
or rotten wood
A. tridens spun up, in crevices
of bark, at hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
„ psi in bark crevices of
various trees
„ leporina in excavations in the
bark of birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
„ aceris spun up, among fallen
leaves, and under loose bark of
sycamore, horse chesnut, maple,
birch, and s. oak
„ megacephala... under loose bark of
poplar
„ strigosa among dead leaves
of hawthorn, or rubbish or de-
cayed wood ; s. sub.
„ alni between leaves of
various trees, or inside bramble
sticks
„ ligustri spun up, under moss,
stones &c., near ash, and privet ;
also sub. ; also found under the
top stones of walls against the
tree
M rumicis spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c.
A. putris sub., at elm
D. pinastri in a cocoon on the
ground among dock, sorrel, &c.
X. conspicillaris sub., at elm, and
other trees
FEBRUARY
M. albicolon ...... sub., near Atriplex,
Chenopodium, lettuce, &c.
C. Morpheus ...spun up, in a leaf,
or an earthen cocoon, attached
to food plant
A. segetum, s. . sub., among Cruci-
ferae, grass, &c.
T. piniperda ..... at Scotch and other
firs, in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin, in crevices
of bark, and under moss and
fallen needles
T. gothica ...... sub. , at various trees
„ leucographa
rubricosa ..
at r. of low plants
„ opima ......... at r. of Rosaspino-
sissima, and dwarf sallow ; on
sandhills in the north, below
the sand
„ populeti ...... sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra ; deep
„ gracilis ........ sub., at willows,
sallows, and low plants
Ir miniosa ...... among fallen leaves
&c.
,r munda ......... under moss at base
of oaks
„ cruda ......... sub., at oak
D. carpophaga sub., near Silene and
Lychnis, on the coast ; found by
raking sandhills
„ capsophila ..) sub., about Silene
,, caesia ......... ) maritima
capsincola ...sub., near Lychnis
serena ......... sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
H. glauca ......... sub., near sallow,
and birch
„ oleracea ...... sub., near elm,
nettle, dock, &c., also in kitchen
gardens
„ thallassina ...sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
X lithoriza , ..... near honeysuckle, in
a papery cocoon, on the ground
C. verbasci ... ) sub., in earthen co-
,, scrophularia; ] coon, near mullein
and figwort, s. 2 years in pupa
H
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUP-E]
FEBRUARY
C. lychnitis in earthen cocoon,
near white and black mullein ;
s. 2 years in pupa
„ asteris near golden rod, £c. ;
s. 2 years in pupa
„ gnaphalii near golden rod
,. umbratica sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
,, dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites and
Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, in heath
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
rep tans, and grass
B. argentula among grass, on the
ground
B. parthenias ...at birch, in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
A. urticse spun up, among nettle
leaves
„ triplasia spun up, among nettle
leaves, hop, &c. [garis
P. aenea among Polygalavul-
E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices,
in palings, walls, &c. , near elder
G. canella among Salsola kali
IMAGOS]
The species ordinarily due this month will be round specified below ;
but it does not follow that they will be obtainable, even in a favourable
locality, unless the weather is tolerably mild.
Some of the wingless 9 of the genus Hibernia, especially when they hide
on tree trunks, are often a puzzle to see. In searching trunks, palings, and
wooden fences for moths, an operation which may with advantage be pursued
at almost all seasons of the year, not much success is likely to follow unless
it be done systematically. As in pupa digging, the most protected side of the
tree trunk is found to be the most productive, which is generally the northern
and eastern face. It is seldom of much use examining the southern side at
all ; it is probably too much exposed to sunshine and the prevailing winds to be
agreeable as a place of concealment. Fences in protected situations are con-
sequently found to be better for harbouring insects than where fully exposed.
Some of the larger moths thus resting are conspicuous enough, even from a
distance ; others from their resemblance in colour and marking to the tree
trunk or fence, or the lichen upon them, are difficult to be discerned, especially
if the wood under examination is a gloomy one, or their resting place is in a
"bad light." The tree to be examined should be approached carefully, or
some species which are easily alarmed will flit off before the net can be
brought into use. A general examination of the north-eastern aspect should
be first made, from the highest point at which a moth can be seen down to
the ground; then, if small, or inconspicuous species are being sought for,
the finger should be passed in lines down the trunk, the eye attentively
following. To the surprise of the searcher he will sometimes thus come
upon a specimen he would otherwise have missed.
E. lanestris on tree trunks, near
the ground
P. pilosaria <$ comes to light ; 9
on tree trunks, &c.
A. prodromaria, e. at rest on trees
N. hispidaria ... at rest on oak
trunks
T. crepuscularia at rest on trees
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
FEBRUARY
H. rupicapraria \ at rest on tree trunks
„ leucophearia f or in hollow trees ;
M progemmaria f at dusk they frequent
A. sescularia, e. ) hedges, the ? sitting
on the twigs, the £ fluttering
around. Hedges favourably
placed may be beaten into an
umbrella for the ?, which may
also be found on the top ledge of
palings, &c. , running up to the
highest point. H. leucophearia
(5 often flies by day
T. instabilis at the sallows in
mild seasons
„ stabilis „ ,, „
T. hyemana oak woods
T. pellionella ...to November
D. applanella ...flies over hedges, £c.
N. minusculella among pear trees
The following are among the species which have hibernated, and which
have been found this month : —
saucia this species has been
taken this month, and also in
March, April, July, August,
Sept., and Oct.
vacinii
spadicea
erythrocephela
satellitia
rubiginea
croceago
templi hides under stone
heaps, in elevated districts
vetusta
exoleta
conformis . . .
rhizolitha
semibrunnea
petrificata ...
chamomill9e...at rest on various
materials
libatrix in cellars and hollow
trees
rostralis in gardens and out-
houses
ocellea comes to 1.
G. rhamni
.in and near woods
A.
on sunny days
C. Edusa
at rest in hollow
trees, outhouses, &c.
„ Hyale
C.
V. c-album ..."
M
„ urticae
it
„ polychloros
„ Antiopa ...
at rest in outhouses,
- &c. , and s. flying
S.
D.
Io
about on sunny days
H.
,, Atalanta ...
D.
„ cardui ,
M. stellatarum,
s. from Sept., flying
C.
in the sunshine „
E. fasciaria ... j
may be beaten from
X.
T. variata \
Scotch fir
ft
C. fluviata ....
.comes to 1.
S. dubitata ....
.comes to 1.
C. psitticata ...
in hollow trees, out-
C.
„ miata
„ silaceata ...
houses, &c.
G.
A. auricoma —
L. lithargyria ?
H.
A. puta
„ suffusa
E.
MARCH
OVA]
During this boisterous month,
"whose Spring is but the child
Of churlish Winter in her froward moods,
Discovering much the temper of her sire,"
many fine days are often available for entomologising. As many species set
forth in the accompanying list will ere long cease to be found in the egg
form, it is desirable the collector should clear off his arrears of work in this
section as soon as possible. The remarks on egg-hunting under previous
months should be re-perused. Wherever a species is known to have occurred,
there is a possibility of finding the eggs in likely situations.
T. quercus on oak C.
,, w-album on wytch elm
,, pruni on sloe
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white ; generally hatch
this month E.
H. comma on trefoil, and other
Leguminosse
L. dispar on the trunks of sloe, „
hawthorn, and various fruit
trees ; in a conical heap, covered n
with down
,, monacha on oak, beech, birch, „
fir, apple, &c. „
T. crataegi from Oct., on haw-
thorn ; also s. sloe, sallow, H.
birch, oak A.
P. populi from Nov., on oak,
poplar, lime, ash, hawthorn F.
B. neustria from July, on sloe, H.
hawthorn, and fruit trees ; in „
batches spirally round twigs
and branches |(
„ castrensis ...from July, on Arte-
mesia maritima, Daucus mari- C.
tamus, &c.
E. vespertaria ...on nut [sallow „
,, apiciaria on poplar, willow, O.
N. zonaria on sea reed, or ma-
rum (Ammophila arundinacea) E.
and other sand-hill plants ; in
clusters in the interstices ; long, M
bright-green A.
elinguaria ...on oak, honey-
suckle, hawthorn, sloe ; also
heath, bilberry, &c. ; brick-
shaped, large, purplish slate
colour
alniaria on alder, birch,
saHow, beech, &c. ; brick-
shaped, like all the Ennomos
tiliaria on oak, sallow,
birch, alder, &c. ; purplish
fuscantaria ... on ash, privet ; upon
the twigs, in small batches
erosaria on oak, birch, &c.
angularia ...on oak, birch, beech,
&c.
pennaria on oak
prodromaria...in bark crevices of
oak, birch, elm, nut
pinetaria on bilberry
leucophearia .on oak
aurantiaria ...on oak, birch, haw-
thorn, &c.
defoliaria . . . .on oak, nut, sloe,
hawthorn, birch, elm, lime, &c.
..on oak, and other
,.on birch
,.on oak, and other
brumata
trees
boreata...,
dilutata
trees
subciliata ...on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
. rubiginata ...on alder; large
badiata, e. ...on dog rose
i6
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
OVA]
MARCH
A. derivata, e. ...on dog rose
S. vetulata on buckthorn
C. immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c. ; large
„ prunata on currant, and
gooseberry ; upon the bark ;
large
„ testata on heath, birch, sal-
low, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
„ populata on poplar, bilberry,
whortleberry ; globular, large,
yellow
„ fulvata on dog rose; rose
pink, large [thorn ; large
„ pyraliata on Galium, haw-
„ dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
E. cervinaria ...on mallow
C. spartiata on broom
P. Cassinea on oak
P. plumigera ...on maple, chiefly on
the twigs, in hedges not shaded
by trees. Best found this month
when the sun is shining, which
renders them clearly visible.
Often singly, but s. in clusters
of two, three, or many more.
Circular, smooth, brown above,
whitish beneath
C. flavicornis, e. on birch ; red
G. flavago on stems of marsh
thistles, burdock, &c. ; in heaps
S. satellitia on oak; upon the
twigs
D. rubiginea probably on apple,
&c., and dandelion and other
low plants
P. chi on dock, hawthorn,
sallow, and probably lettuce,
sowthistle, tea tree, &c. ;
purplish brown
„ flavocincta ...on dock, chick-
weed, groundsel, mint, &c. ;
in gardens on everlasting pea,
plum, &c.
D. templi on Heracleum sphon-
dylium ; upon the leaves
T. subtusa on poplar; upon
the twigs
„ retusa on sallow, willow,
poplar ; upon the axils of the
leaves
C. vetusta on various meadow
and marsh plants, also poplar
X. conformis, b. on alder, birch
H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, globular (slightly oval)
indented on upper side ; pale
yellow
LARVJE]
A good harvest is sure to reward the industrious worker this month, if
he persistently prosecutes his larva-searching, on mild evenings, in good
localities, there being so many species which have hibernated, and only now
seem to require a ramble before making a selection of their hiding place for
pupation.
In the lists of larvae, the month of origin of hibernation has been
specified as far as possible. When a larva ceases to be mentioned, it may
be assumed that at the last period of its mention, it was nearly if not quite
full fed.
S. -^geria from Sept., grasses
„ Megsera from Sept., grasses
R. cratasgata ...from Sept., haw-
thorn, sloe
A. osseata... from Aug., dande-
lion, &c.
S. belgiaria from Aug., heath
O. filigrammaria bilberry and sallows
tuw»uj oj.vy\, \^. ttiigia.tuujia.iis* uuuciry auu sane
H. auroraria ...from Aug., plantain E. tenuiata in sallow catkins
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] MARCH
T. variata Scotch fir, larch, &c.
M. montanata, e. from Oct., prim-
rose
C. munitata ...from Sept. , groundsel
C. bilineata grasses, chickweed,
dock
C. suffumata ...full fed in the au-
tumn ; turns to a pupa about
this time
E. palumbaria ...broom, Genista,
heath, clover, &c.
B. glandifera ...from Sept., lichens
on walls
,, perla from Sept., lichens
on walls
L. conigera couch, and other
grasses. This, and other species
of Leucania may be s. found
by pulling up conspicuous tufts
of grass, and gently beating
them
,, turca grasses, in woods
„ lithargyria ...chickweed, plan-
tain, grasses, &c.
„ pudorina . . grasses, common reed
„ straminea ...reed, and coarse
grasses, in damp meadows and
borders of streams
„ impura from Oct., Carex,
and Dactylis glomerata
„ pallens from Oct., Des-
champsia cespitosa
S. ulvse from Sept., common
reed
X. rurea generally on grasses
„ hepatica from Aug., grasses,
chickweed, &c.
A. australis from Oct., Cicho-
rium, Poa annua, and other
plants
L. testacea on the lower part of
grass stems
M. furva- Aira canescens
A. basilinea from Aug., various
plants ; before hibernation on
immature grains of wheat
,, unanimis from Sept., grasses.
Full fed in autumn ; hides under
bark of willows or poplars, or
among the soil at their roots ;
C
towards the end of this month
wanders about for a few days,
then changes to a pupa in a
slight cocoon, at the foot of a
tree, or under bark
M, strigilis grasses, and other
plants
C. alsines from Sept., dock,
chickweed, plantain
„ cubicularis ...from Sept., in corn
ricks, on grass, pulse, and
grain
R. tenebrosa from Sept., various
plants
A. corticea from Sept., Cheno-
podium, &c.
„ cinerea ."...from Sept., r. of
low plants
„ lucernea dandelion, harebell,
&c.
„ Ashworthii ...from Sept., fescue
grass, hawkweed, sun cistus,
thyme, heath, harebell
T. ianthina from Aug., broom,
chickweed, &c.
„ fimbria from Oct., birch,
sallow, oak, ash, broom, prim-
rose, &c. [&c.
„ interj ecta dock, mallow, grass,
„ subsequa from Oct., low plants
„ orbona from Aug., broom
and low plants ; when young
on sallow buds
„ pronuba from Aug., dock,
and various other plants
N. festiva from Aug., violet,
sallow, foxglove, &c.
„ umbrosa from Sept., dock,
and low plants
„ xanthographa from Oct., grasses
and low plants
C. xerampelina, s. from Oct., ash ;
hides in crevices of bark
E. lutulenta from Oct., Lithos-
permum arvense, and other low
plants
„ lichenea from No v ., ragwort,
and various low plants
P. empyrea from Nov., pile-
wort, &c.
i8
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
MARCH
A.
H.
M
ad vena from Aug., lettuce,
knotgrass, and various plants
adusta from Aug. , low
plants
rectilinea from Aug. , sallow,
bramble, bilberry
myrtilli, s ...from Aug., heath
chrysitis from Sept., bur-
dock, thistle, nettle, dead nettle,
&c.
typica from Sept., dock,
low-plants, &c.
maura from Sept., dock,
chick-weed, ivy, &c.
proboscidalis from July, nettle
derivalis from Aug., among
dead oak leaves
barbalis from Sept., birch
catkins
pinguinalis ...in greasy horse
cloths, rubbish in houses, &c.
stratiotalis .. aquatic, on Calli-
triche verna, Stratiotes aloides,
&c.
asinalis ...from Oct., madder,
fl. , and young seeds
muralis the mosses Grim-
mea pulvinata, Dryum cappi-
lare, &c.
mercuralis ...the mosses Hypnus
and Jungermannia
elegans,
dilatata
cratsegalis
elegans,
dilatata
tristellus ..
culmellus
..the mosses Hypnus
and Jungermannia
..in damp moss
..in damp moss
phragmitellus from Oct., reed
cribrella from Oct., in thistle
stems
abietella from Sept., Scotch
fir-cones, decayed wood, and
shoots
adjunct ana... ivy, honeysuckle, &c.
gentianana . . .from Nov. , in teazle
heads [poplar
nisana catkins of white
Penkleriana... alder catkins
cirsiana from Sept. , in thistle
and knapweed stems, in woods
E. Pfulgiana ,from Sept. , in thistle
and knapweed stems, in open
places
„ Brunnichiana in stems of coltsfoot
„ nigricostana...Stachys, r.
„ grandaevana...in r. of coltsfoot
and Petasites, on the ballast
heaps at S. Shields, making
long tubes in the sand
S. Woeberana ...from Oct., bark of
plum, &c.
C. strobilana ...from Oct., cones of
spruce
„ Hercyniana ..from Oct., spruce
R. turionana ...in shoots of Scotch
fir
S. coniferana ...from Oct., under
bark of Scotch fir
„ Leplastrierana from Oct., in stems
of cabbage
„ regiana from Oct., under
sycamore bark
D. politana from Oct., Achillea
millefolium, r.
E. nana birch catkins
„ roseana from Oct., seeds of
te'azle
C. Francillonana from Oct. , in stems
of wild carrot
T. pesudo-bombycella from Oct.,
lichen, on oak trunks, &c.
S. triquetrella ...on old palings on
moors, marshes, &c. , in a trian-
gular case
„ inconspicuella in a case on trees
and palings
T. ganomella ...from Oct., in birds'
nests
„ biseliella from Oct., in bird
skins, hair seating, &c.
L. prselatella ...from Sept., in a flat
case, under wild strawberry
A. Degeereila ...from Oct., wood
anemone, &c.
D. assimilella ...broom
G. ericetella from Sept., on Erica
cinerea, E. tetralix, and Cal-
luna erica
„ arundinetella. . Carex riparia
domesticella . . in moss, on old walls
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
MARCH
G. luculella in decayed wood C.
„ bifractella ...from Oct., Conyza „
squarrosa, Inula dysenterica ,,
„ cerealella from Oct., in grains „
of wheat and barley
P. Metzneriella from Oct. , Centaurea „
nigra, heads
„ carlinella ...from Oct., Centaurea L.
nigra, and thistle heads „
H. bracteella ...in decayed wood
CE. minutella ...on seeds C.
„ pseudo-spretella from Oct., dried
fruit, peas, and other seeds, also A,
hams, &c.
A. glaucinella ...in bark of oak, E.
horse chesnut, &c. „
u Goedartella ...in bark of alder,
birch, &c. „
,, Brochella birch shoots
C. farinatella ...Scotch fir ,,
,, Gysselinella ..Scotch fir, in a web T.
betws en leaves
O. pinariella Scotch fir
G. tringipennella in plantain P.
C. pyrrhulipennella from Oct., heath
„ discordella from Oct., Lotus cor- ,,
niculatus
„ genistsecolella from Oct., Genista „
anglica
lineolella Ballota nigra
juncicolella ...from Oct., heath
laricella from Sept., larch
viminetella ...from Sept., sallow,
and osier
solitariella ...from Oct., Stelkria
holostea
palludicolella Epilobium hirsutum
atra (hellerella) hawthorn berries,
and shoots of apple
flavicapitella from Sept., in twigs
of hawthorn, in which it bores
seratella ...•••from Oct., galls on
knotgrass
apicipunctella from Oct., in Aira
cinereopunctella from Sept., in
Carex glauca
trapeziella . . .from Oct. , in Luzula
pilosa
subobscurella Holcus mollis
marginea (emyella) from Oct., in
bramble
dodonseella ..from Oct., in oak
trigonodactylus in coltsfoot, fl.
stems
tephradactylus from Sept., golden
rod, in shady places
osteodactylus from Sept., golden
rod
As other, and more attractive work will soon be crowding upon us, and
many species are beginning to emerge, the final search for winter pupae
should, if possible, be completed this month, if it has not been done long
before.
P. Machaon on stems of Peuce-
danum palustre ; in fens
P. brassicae )
„ rapoe > on palings, walls, &c.
,, napi )
A. cardamines on stems of grass, &c.
L. Alsus among Anthyllis
vulneraria
S. ocellatus sub., at willows,
poplars, &c.
„ populi sub., at poplars,
willow, &c. [beech
tilise
.sub., at elm, lime,
C. ligniperda ...at various trees ;
spun up, under bark, &c., but
s. buries
L. asellus spun up, on a leaf
L. rubricollis ...under moss, on
rotten trees, larch, &c.
A. mendica under moss, on trees
bordering ditches
„ lubricepeda ) spun up, on trees,
„ menthrasti ) palings, &c.
„ urticae under moss, on trees
O. pudibunda . . .in dead leaves, under
moss, &c.
C 2
20
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
at birch
amongst
PUP^E]
E. versicolora ...spun up,
S. carpini cocoon
leaves, heath, &c.
E. dolobraria ...under moss, on oak,
&c.
S . illunaria sub. , at willow, oak,
&c.
0. bidentata ...under moss, on
various trees
N. zonaria sub. , at sandhills on
the coast
B. hirtaria sub., at elm, lime,
ash, and fruit trees
A. betularia sub., at oak, elm,
birch, and other trees
H. abruptaria ...spun up, on twigs,
&c., of lilac, rose, or privet
T. consonaria ...under moss at r. of
beech, oak, birch
„ biundularia ..spun up, on oak,
and birch
„ punctulata ...under moss, on birch
and alder, or in bark crevices
1. lactearia spun up, among
leaves of oak, and birch
E. porata fastened to leaf of
oak
„ punctaria fastened to leaf of
oak, or birch
l( trilinearia fastened to leaf of
beech
„ pendularia
birch
E. heparata ..
on alder
C. exanthemaria spun up, under
leaves of sallow, and alder
M. liturata at larch, rarely
within 2 ft. of the tree
N. pulveraria ...in withered sallow
leaves
F. carbonaria ...among dead leaves
of sallow, and birch
„ piniaria At Scotch fir, and
larch ; in open places in woods,
rarely within 2 ft. of the tree,
at I y2 to 2 in. deep
L. multistrigaria, sub., about Galium
E. albulata within the spun-up
sepals of yellow rattle
MARCH
...fastened to leaf of
....among moss, &c.,
E. decolorata
E. venosata ..
Lychnis
,, consignata
. . .about Lychnis dioica
...about Silene, and
...probably under
moss, and loose bark, in apple
orchards
pulchellata ...among the seeds,
and dead fl. of foxglove
isogrammata, about Clematis
vitalba
fraxinata ...... on ash, under moss,
and loose bark
nanata ......... about heath
vulgata ......... sub., about various
plants and trees
minutata ...... about heath
assimilata ...in crevices, about
currant and hop
exiguata ... ..about oak, &c.
ocellata ...... among Galium ;
spun up, near the ground
M.
A. sinuata ......... in earthen cocoon;
on the ground, among Galium
„ badiata ......... in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, beneath dog
rose bushes
„ derivata ...... sub. , at dog rose
C. sagittata ...... spun up, among
Thalictrum ; or on the ground
near ; in fens
„ suffumata ...changes to a pupa
this month among bedstraw or
ragwort
E. lineolata ...... cocoon attached to
Galium verum under the surface
on coast sandhills
D. bicuspis ...... spun up, on birch
trunks in the south ; alder in
the north ; rarely above 2 ft.
from the ground
,, furcula . . ....... spun up, on trunk of
willow, or sallow
„ bifida ......... spun up, on trunk of
poplars
,, vinula ........ spun up, on trunk of
willows, poplars, and sallow ;
three or four feet from the
ground
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
21
PUP^l]
MARCH
S. fagi spun up, among A,
leaves of beech, oak, birch,
elm ; s. at r.
P. bucephala ...sub., at various trees ,,
C. curtula spun up, between
dead leaves of poplars, and
sallow „
„ reclusa spun up, among
dead leaves of sallows, poplars,
willows
P. palpina atwillows, and pop-
lars, on edges of streams, or „
under sods near
N. camelina sub. , at various trees A
„ cucullina sub., at maple, and D
sycamore
,, carmelita sub., at birch X,
„ dictsea at poplars, and
Avillows, or under sods near M
„ dictaeoides ...sub., at birch
„ dromedarius . . sub. , at birch, alder, C.
nut
„ ziczac sub., at poplars,
sallow, willows A.
„ trepida sub. , at oak
„ Chaonia sub., at oak T.
„ Dodonea sub., at oak, and
birch
T. batis near bramble, and
wild raspberry
C. duplaris bet ween united birch
leaves D.
„ fluctuosa among birch leaves
D. Orion at birch, and oak,
in a cocoon of gnawed bark, „
or rotten wood „
A. tridens spun up, in crevices ,,
of bark, at hawthorn, sloe, rose, H.
willow, sallow, mountain ash
„ psi in bark crevices of H.
various trees
„ leporina in excavations in „
the bark of birch, poplar,
alder, sallow
„ aceris spun up, among „
fallen leaves, and under loose
bark, of sycamore, horse ches- C. verbasci
nut, maple, birch, and s. oak
„ megacephala under loose bark of
poplar ,, scrophulariae
, strigosa among dead leaves
of hawthorn, or rubbish, or
decayed wood ; s. sub.
alni between leaves of
various trees, or inside bramble
sticks
ligustri spun up, under moss,
stones, &c., near ash, and
privet ; also sub. ; also found
under the top stones of walls
against the tree
rumicis spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c.
. putris .sub., at elm
. pinastri in a cocoon, on the
ground, among dock, sorrel, &c.
, conspicillaris, sub. at elm, and
other trees
. albicolon sub., near Atriplex,
Chenopodium, lettuce, &c.
Morpheus .. spun up, in a leaf,
or an earthen cocoon attached
to food-plant
segetum, s. .. sub., among Cruci-
ferce, grass, &c.
piniperda at Scotch, and other
firs, in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin, in crevices
of bark ; and under moss and
fallen needles, rarely within
2ft. of the tree, 1% to 2 in. deep
carpophaga . . . sub. , near Silene,
and Lychnis, on the coast ;
found by raking sandhills
capsophila ) sub., about Silene
cossia \ maritima
capsincola ...sub., near Lychnis
serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
glauca sub., near sallow,
and birch
oleracea sub., near elm,
nettle, dock, &c., and in kitchen
gardens
thalassina sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
sub., in earthen co-
coon, near mullein,
and figwort
s. 2 yrs. in pupa
22
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
MARCH
C. lychnitis in earthen cocoon,
near white and black mullein ;
s. 2 yrs. in pupa
„ asteris near golden rod, &c. ;
s. 2 yrs. in pupa
„ gnaphalii near golden rod
umbratica ...sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
„ dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites, and
Linaria
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
rep tans, and grass
B. argentula among grass, on the
ground
B. parthenias ...at birch, in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
A. urticce spun up, among nettle
leaves
, , triplasia spun up, among nettle
leaves, hop, &c.
P. oenea amongst Polygala
vulgaris
E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices
in palings, walls, &c., near
elder
G. canella among Salsola kali
H. prasinaiia .. under moss at base
of oaks
Lmasculella } mongdead leaves
„ Zinckenella > n- i j i
I,' Oehlmanniella } of birch and oak
IMAGOS]
If the season should be a forward one, the sallows will be in bloom this
month. They are found to be a great attraction to most of the moths on
the wing at this period, more especially the Teeniocampae, and the hiber-
nating Noctuae. These, having
"skimmed the dusk fields,"
we shall find feasting on the sparse blossoms,
"In the retired quiet of the night."
If the sallow bushes we are in the habit of visiting are awkwardly situated
for the capture of moths, branches of them may be cut before dark, and
stuck into the ground at convenient places. If they should afterwards take
root in these places, they may save the trouble of the process being repeated
next season.
The following are the freshly-emerged species which ordinarily appear
this month : —
P. rapse
E. lanestris
&c.
E. versicolora ..
S. illustraria
P. pilosaria ....
N. hispidaria ..
B. hirtaria
A. prodromaria
T. crepuscularia
H. leucophearia
„ progemmaria
A. sescularia ...
month)
.gardens, &c.
.at rest on hawthorn,
.in birch woods
at 1. ; 9 on tree trunks
.on oak trunks
s. on oaks
on tree trunks
rest on tree trunks ;
fly at dusk ; s. come
to sallows (See last
L. multistrigaria
E. abbreviata ...among oak
L. lobulata on Scotch fir trunks
A. badiata at sallows, and fly-
ing over hedges at dusk
,, derivata
P. polygrammata damp meadows ;
very local
P. nubeculosa
N. carmelita on birch trunks, and
palings near. Flies in the sun-
shine ; may be taken at sallows ;
and is attracted by puddles
C. flavicornis ...at rest on birch twigs
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MARCH
.at rest on oaks,
to 4 ft. from the
C. ridens
at I ft.
ground
L. lithargyria, s.
X. conspicillaris, e. at rest on tree
trunks, especially where the
bark has been stripped ; has
also been beaten
C. chamomillas...has been taken at
rest on iron bars, and various
materials, probably h.
B. parthenias ...birch woods ; flies
on sunny mornings over birch
trees, and round sallows
„ notha rests on aspens ; flies
in the sunshine round sallows, &c.
T. piniperda at sallows, and at A. prodromana, e., on moors
rest on fir trees
T. gothica
„ gothacina...
„ leucographa
„ rubricosa . . ,
The whole of this
genus visit the sal-
low blossoms at dusk
S. pauperana ...among wild rose
P. crenana moors, &c.
C. vernana, e.
pygmoeana, e. among spruce
and remain feasting H. fimbriana, e. oak woods in the
upon the honey they contain for
some hours
,, instabilis ...^ If the situation is
,, opima ..
lr populeti
„ stabilis ..
„ gracilis..
,t miniosa
,, munda ..
,, cruda ..
blooming sallow may be cut
before dark, and fixed in the
ground
V. oleagina
X. lithoriza at sallows, and on
trees, walls, &c.
S., at rest on the branches ;
darts to the ground when dis-
turbed
favorable the great- T. hyemana"1 oak woods, at rest
est number may be on the branches
^captured by a sheet D. fagella, e. ...on tree trunks and
^ being spread under palings
the bushes. Where E. avellanella, e. among birch
they are difficult to T. biselliella ...to Oct.
reach, branches of D. arenella
ciniflonella
.Rannoch
,, rhodochrella beaten from thatch
B. incongruella on moors, &c.
E. consortella
N. aurella to August, on tree
: trunks and palings
The following hibernating species have been taken this month : —
C. Edusa, C. Hyale, at rest in hollow trees, outhouses, &c. ; V. c-album,
V. urticae, V. polychloros, V. Antiopa, V. lo, V. Atalanla, V. cardui, at rest in
outhouses, &c. and s. flying about on sunny days ; M. stellatarum, hovers over
fl. in the sunshine, and also flies in the evening; E. fasciaria, and T. variata,
among Scotch fir; C. fluviata, and S. dubitata, at 1. ; C. psitticata, C. miata,
and C. silaceata, in hollow trees, outhouses, &c. ; A. auricoma, L. lithargyria?
A. puta, A. suffusa, and A. saucia ; C. vaccinii, C. spadicea, C. erythroce-
phala? S. satellitia, D. rubiginea, and H. croceago, at sallows ; D. templi,
under stones ; C. vetusta, C. exoleta, X. furcifera, X. rhizolitha, X. semi-
brunnea, X. petrificata ; C. chamomillse, at rest on iron and other fences ; G.
libatrix, in cellars and hollow trees ; H. rostralis, in gardens and outhouses ;
E. ocellea, conies to 1. ; P. mixtana, P. caudella, D. liturella, D. pallorella,
D. umbellella, D. arenella, D. propinquella, D. subpropinquella, D. alstrae-
meriella, D. ciniflonella, D. vaccinella, D. conterminella, D. ocellella, D.
applanella (flying over hedges), I), ciliella, D. albipunctella, D. chgerophylli-
vorella, D. heracliella, A. autumnitella, Z. hepariella, Z. insignipennella, G.
stigmatella, G. stramineella, G. populetella, G. phasianipennella, C. cuculipen-
nella, L. epilobiella, P. suffusella, P. pterodactylus.
APRIL
OVA]
This is the month when many hibernating species deposit their ova, as well
as several which are freshly emerged. Owing to the scarcity of leaves upon
the trees and bushes, the egg in many cases may be more readily found than
when, later in the season, the branches are more covered. Some day-flyer,
" Drawn from his refuge in some lonely elm,
That age or injury has hollowed deep,"
may sometimes be seen, when the sun shines, engaged in the interesting
operation of oviposition. By carefully watching, a clue as to the plant upon
which the egg is laid, as well as its situation, will be often afforded.
G. rhamni on buckthorn ; placed
singly upon terminal shoots,
and on the midrib ; pointed
V. urticse on nettle; in batches
upon underside of the leaves;
barrel-shaped, fluted, green
„ lo on nettle
T. quercus on oak
„ w-album on wytch elm
E. lanestris on hawthorn, sloe,
&c. ; spirally round twigs, and
branches
E. versicolora ...on birch; upon the
twigs, in small batches
E. vespertaria ...on nut
,, apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow
R. crataegata ...to Sept., successive
broods, on hawthorn and sloe ;
oblong, covered Math hexamedal
ridges ; yellow, with red spots,
like the imago
S . illunaria in the fissures of the
bark of willow, ash, hawthorn,
plum, &c. ; light pink-
E. alniaria on alder, birch, sal-
low, beech, &c; brick-shaped,
like all the Ennomos
, , tiliaria on oak , sallow, birch,
alder, &c.; purplish
„ fuscantaria ...on ash, privet; upon
the twigs, in small batches
„ erosaria on oak, birch, &c.
E. angularia ...on oak, birch, beech,
&c.
H. pennaria from Oct., on oak
B. hirtaria on lime, elm, ash,
fruit trees ; small, green, im-
bricated
A. prodromaria in crevices of bark
of oak, birch, elm, nut
„ betularia on oak, elm, haw-
thorn, birch, beech, alder, moun-
tain ash; very small for the size
of the moth
A. sescularia on oak, elm, horse-
chesnut, privet, &c. ; round the
twigs, covered with down
L. multistrigaria on Galium
E. subciliata ...on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
L. lobulata on honeysuckle, sal-
low, willow
,, polycommata on honeysuckle, ash
M. rubiginata ...on alder; large
A. badiata on dog rose
„ derivata on dog rose
S. dubitata on buckthorn
C. prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe; upon the bark;
large
,, testata on heath, birch, sal-
low, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
,( populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
APRIL
c.
E.
fulvata on dog rose; rose
pink, large
dotata on black and red
currant ; large
cervinaria ...on mallow
lineolata ... on Galium; in clusters
of eight or ten ; at first pale
yellow, but soon change to
bright ochreous-brown
spartiata on broom
Cassinea on oak
nubeculosa ...on birch
curtula on poplars & sallow
ridens on oak; upon the
twigs
flavago on steins of marsh
thistles, burdock, &c.; in heaps
suffusa on grass, lettuce,
radish, &c.
gothica on sallow, oak, and
other trees, also many low plants
leucographa...on plantain; oval,
bright yellow
rubricosa on dock; pale yellow
opima onRosaspinosissima;
in large clusters, conspicuous at
a distance ; at first pale yellow,
but soon change to pinkish
brown. The eggs of this species
are, however, as often deposited
upon the dead seed-heads of
ragwort and houndstongue ; also
upon marum grass (Ammophila
arundinacea) and sallow, grow-
ing on sandy sea- shores, as upon
the food-plant
T. populeti on twigs of aspen
and poplar, especially Populus
nigra ; in clusters below the
axils
„ gracilis on willow, sallow,
and low plants ; often upon
seed-heads of plantain ; also
upon dead reed-heads
,r miniosa on oak ; in clusters
below the leaf-buds
H. croceago on oak
C . vetusta on poplar, & various
meadow and marsh plants
„ exoleta on scabious cam-
pion, rest harrow
X. petrificata ...on oak, lime, birch;
oval, greyish, thickly dotted
with purple
LARVJE]
The indications of past hibernation become numerous in the list this month.
It might be supposed that moths and butterflies have a very brief life, as they
are often only visible in the winged state for a short time ; but with many of
the larger species the period of life extends over eleven or twelve months, of
which nearly nine are passed in the larva state, though a portion of this time,
during the severe cold of winter, they are in a torpid condition. In others,
though the total length of life is about the same, the larval life is short, and
the imago life is long, commencing at the latter part of the summer, and ex-
tending through the winter, to the commencement of the succeeding sum-
mer,— interrupted, as in the larval life, by a period of torpidity during the
winter. Of course with those insects of which two, or three broods appear
in the year, the life is very much briefer. Some species hibernate nearly
full-fed, or feeding occasionally during mild weather, are found during this
and the next month as larvae, still unchanged. E. Lichenea will be found in
its haunts on the coast full-fed, and about to change, from now to July. It
is a species which is hard to breed away from its native habitat. The two
chief modes of capturing larvae are by beating, and by searching with a lantern
in the evening. It is yet too early in the season, now that we only see
"the first
Hedge-grown primrose that hath burst,"
26
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
APRIL
for much profit to result from beating, but night searching will well repay the
labour. Examine the underwood of one or two years' growth, and the grass at
the edges of ridings, with a lantern, immediately after dark, every mild
evening. Large numbers of different larvae may be thus taken during this and
the following month. Nearly all the genus Noctua can be thus easily found.
The rolled-up leaves and shoots of sallow contain a large number of species,
chiefly tortrices. They should be put into a flower pot in a cool place,
and fresh leaves added when these are becoming dried up. The following
are among the species which may be thus bred, and which will appear in
June : — E. viminalis, T. crataegana, P. Lecheana, P. capraeana, S. dealbana,
H. angustana, G. populella, A. pygmaeella. By shaking or beating wild
plants and flowers into a net or other receptacle many larvae may be ob-
tained, particularly of the smaller species.
Grasses, rushes, and carices are now productive of sundiy Elachistidae and
Coleophorae, and several of the larger tribes. Sheltered spots in woods and
lanes are the best places ; and for the larger species wet evenings the best
time. The mealy guelder rose, is an early tree, and will repay a search.
Hawthorn trees nourish hordes of common larvae. P. Verhuellella must be
taken now, mining in the seed fronds of A. Ruta muraria, and other ferns.
L. Rubiella is often too common in raspberry shoots. The pink larva be-
trays its presence by the blighted aspect of the young shoots.
A. Niobe from Aug., violet &
heartsease ; should be looked
for in localities where A. Aglaia,
and A. adippe abounds
„ Euphrosyne,e. from July, dog and
sweet violet, feeds in the sun-
shine ; hides beneath primrose
and other leaves
tr Selene, e from July, dog and
sweet violet
M. Artemis from Aug., in wet
meadows, among scabious, plan-
tain, honeysuckle, &c. ; rest ex-
posed in the sunshine
E. Medea- from Sept., moor-
land poa, and other grasses
S. Megaera from Sept., grasses
„ hyperanthus from Aug. , grasses ;
may be found at night among
long grass near woods, &c.
P. Phlaeas from Oct., sorrel,
dock, ragwort
L. agestis fromSept.,Erodium
circutarium [&c.
,f Alexis ., rest harrow, trefoil,
„ Adonis from Oct., Hippo-
crepis comosa, &c,
L. Arion thyme • in dry and
elevated districts, and hilly,
thyme-covered slopes and fields
S. alveolus bramble, wild rasp-
berry
T. tages from Sept., Lotus
corniculatus
S. myopaeformis in stems of apple,
pear, plum, hawthorn ; chiefly
old or unhealthy trees
,, culiciformis ...in birch and alder
,, formicaeformis from Sept., in osier
stumps ; the larva-hole, or the
gn a wings therefrom are often
visible; the larva is best sawn
out
„ chrysidiformis inside r. of sorrel
and dock ; at Folkestone and
Eastbourne, and probably other
places on the S. & E. coasts ;
supposed to be 2 yrs. feeding
,, cynipiformis in the bark of un-
healthy-looking oaks and old
stumps
„ tipuliformis ...from Oct., in the
stems of old currant bushes
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
APRIL
S. scoliaeformis in birch ; seems to E.
prefer the stem of a tree which
has been felled A.
,, sphegifonnis in young suckers of
alder, where the old tree has
been cut down. The larva eats E.
a gallery up the centre of the P.
shoot nine or ten inches, then
turns aside, and eats through the
bark, where it assumes the pupa
state C.
,, asiliformis ...in r. of poplar and
ash. Wait till the pupae are B.
bedded near the entrance of the
burrow
„ apiformis from Sept., in stems „
of poplar ; often 2 yrs. feeding.
Wait till the pupse are bedded M
near the entrance of the burrow
M. arundinis in stem of common M
reed ; often causes the plant to
look unhealthy M
H. hectus from Aug., in roots G.
of brake fern ; two seasons
feeding
„ lupulinus from Aug., in roots
of dead nettle, &c.
„ velleda from Aug., in roots H.
of brake fern, &c. A.
„ humuli from Aug., in roots A.
of burdock, nettle, dead nettles,
&c.
Z. nubigena from July, thyme
L. pygmseola ...lichens, among moss ,,
C. plantaginis ...fromSept, plantain,
violet ; best found at night
„ villica from Sept., chick-
weed, furze, and other plants ,,
A. fuliginosa .. from Sept., dock,
nettle, plantain, borage, &c.,
often hides under the leaves „
L. chrysorrhaea...from Sept., sloe,
hawthorn, &c. „
B. roboris from Sept., haw-
thorn, dogwood, bramble, broom, „
heath, &c.
,, quercus from Sept., bilberry, „
&c. ; also eats dogwood „
O. potatoria from Sept., coarse
grasses
apiciaria nut, poplar, willow,
alder
prunaria from October, sloe,
beech, broom, bramble, sallow,
hawthorn, plum, &c.
fasciaria ...from Sept., Scotch fir
syringaria ...from Sept., lilac,
privet, elder, honeysuckle ; may
be found at night hanging from
its food
lichenaria from Sept., lichens,
on oak
repandata bramble, sloe, birch,
plum, spindle, and upon almost
all sorts of underwood
rhomboidaria from Sept., ivy, birch,
oak, plum, rose, lilac, elder, &c.
perfumaria ...ivy, lilac, clematis,
&c.
abietaria from Sept., larch,
spruce, and Scotch fir
roboraria from Sept., oak
obscurata from Sept., Poten-
tilla reptans, Poteriam sangui-
sorba, thyme, grass, sun cistus,
&c. ; s. found concealed by day
among stones
auroraria from Aug. , plantain
candidata . . . hornbeam
rubricata from Aug., ?
will eat knotgrass, dandelion,
Lotus corniculatus, Medicago
lupulina, Thalictrum minus
scutulata from August, An-
thriscus sylvestris, fl. and dande-
lion, preferring the withered
leaves
bisetata from Aug., dande-
lion ; will also eat knotgrass and
withered bramble
trigeminata ...from July, some low
plant ? will eat knotgrass
osseata from Aug. , dande-
lion, &c.
interjectaria ..from Aug., dande-
lion, scarlet pimpernel, withered
ornata, s from Sept., thyme
remutata from August, low
plants ? will eat knotgrass
fumata from Aug., heath
THE LEPIDOPTERIST*S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
APRIL
A. strigilata from Aug., Stachys
sylvatica, &c.
„ aversata ...from Sept., primrose,
nut, gooseberry, Geum urbanum,
&c.
„ degeneraria ...from Aug., ?
will eat knotgrass, bramble, B.
Cerastium, Veronica
S. clathrata from Oct., saintfoin, L.
lucerne, &c.
S. belgiaria from Aug., heath; M
may be found at night on heaths,
&c.
F. pinetaria bilberry, &c.
A. ononaria rest harrow
O. filigrammaria bilberry and sallow
L. didymata Chaeropohyllum „
temulum, cowslip, &c. „
„ csesiata from Sept., bilberry (|
and whortleberry
„ olivata from Oct., Galium
mollugo ; very sluggish „
E. tenuiata in sallow catkins
,, rectangulata apple and crab, buds
and fl. „
„ debiliata whortleberry ; in
curled-up leaves S.
T. variata Scotch fir, larch, &c.
,, firmata larch and Scotch fir N.
M. montanata ...from Oct., primrose
C. quadrifasciaria hawthorn, white
dead nettle, knapweed, &c.
C. bilineata grasses, chickweed, „
dock; hides under stones, at r. of
herbage, &c., by day X.
P. lignata from Sept., Galium „
palustre, &c. „
C. russata from Oct., straw-
berry, birch, hawthorn, sallow, A.
&c.
„ dotata currant H.
E. palumbaria ...from Aug., broom,
&c. P.
,, lineolata, s. ...Galium verum
A. plagiata from Oct., Hyperi- C.
cum perforatum
B. glandifera ...from Sept., lichens, L.
on walls ; local. Both glandi-
fera and perla build a cocoon of A.
silk and earth, mortar, or crum-
bled stone, like a blister on paint,
in which they live, except when
they come out to feed, in the
night, or early morning, especi-
ally in wet weather, when the
lichens are soft,
perla from Sept., lichens
on walls
conigera couch grass, & other
grasses
lithargyria ...grasses, chickweed,
- plantain, &c.
littoralis from Aug., Ammo-
phila arundinacea, on the coast ;
burrow seven or eight inches in
the sand. Will also eat Carex
pudorina grasses, reed
comma grass, &c.
straminea coarse grasses and
common reed, in damp meadows,
and borders of streams
impura from Oct., Carex, &
Dactylis glomerata, inside the
stem
pallens from October, Des-
champsia cespitosa
ulvse from Sept. , common
reed
neurica in stems of common
reed ; a small hole is visible in
the stem of the plant, tenanted
by a larva
lutosa from Oct., in stems
of common reed, near the r.
rurea generally on grasses
polyodon low plants
hepatica, b. ...from Aug., grasses,
chickweed, &c.
australis ...from Oct., Cichorium,
Poa annua, and other plants
popularis grasses, amongst the
roots, &c.
leucophaea ...from Oct., tufts of
grass on commons, and in woods
Cytherea from Sept., grass, in
dry and stony places
cespitis grasses; hides at r.
by day
gemina from Aug. , grasses ;
hides at r. by day
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
29
LARVJE]
APRIL
A. unanimis from Sept., grasses, T.
at the base of willows, &c. ;
hides at r. by day N.
„ fibrosa in fl. stems of yellow ,,
flag
„ oculea grasses, principally ,,
Dactylis glomerata, feeding on ,,
the undeveloped fl.
M. strigilis grasses, and other „
plants „
,, furuncula in stems of Festuca
G. trilinea greater plantain and „
other plants ; hides among the ,,
r. by day
C. alsines from Sept., dock, „
chick weed, greater plantain. In
feeding be careful to give the
same food as found on, as the ,,
larva is easily injured by shifting
its food ,,
,, blanda chickweed, &c. ,,
„ cubicularis ...from Sept., in corn
ricks, on grass, pulse, and grain O.
A. valligera from Oct., grasses, r. „
,, segetum from July, in r. of A.
turnip, &c. ,,
„ corticea from Sept., Cheno-
podium, and other plants
„ agathina heath X.
„ porphyrea ...from Aug., heath
fl ravida thistles, dandelion, ,,
&c.
.. lucernea harebell, dandelion,
&c. C.
„ Ashworthii ...from Sept., fescue
grass, hawkweed, sun cistus,
thyme, heath, harebell, &c.
T. ianthina from Aug., broom,
chickweed, and other low plants
„ fimbria from Oct. , primrose
and other low plants; also birch,
oak, sallow, broom ; concealed
by day ; found feeding at night T.
„ interjecta dock, mallow, grass, C.
&c.
subsequa
plants
Orbona
..from October, low
.from Aug., sallow
buds, when young ; afterwards
on broom and low plants
pronuba from Aug., dock, &
various other plants [plants
depuncta sorrel, and other low
augur from August, low
plants, hawthorn, sallow, &c.
plecta low plants
c-nigrum from Sept., low
plants
triangulum . . . sallow, bramble, &c.
rhomboidea...from Sept., chick-
weed, sallow
brunnea sallow
festiva from Aug., violet,
sallow, foxglove, &c.
Dahlii from Sept., low
plants ; in mild winters s. feeds
up without hibernating
umbrosa from Sept., dock,
and other low plants
baia . . .low plants
xanthographa from October, plan-
tain ; hides under stones, &c.
lota willow, sallow
macilenta beech, and s. birch
pistacina buttercup, dock, &c.
lunosa from Oct., grasses,
more especially in elevated
places ; concealed under stones
cerago sallow catkins; later
on low plants
silago sallow catkins
ferruginea ...sallow and aspen
buds, wytch elm seeds
xerampelina from Dec., on ash ;
may be found, at dusk, crawling
up ash trunks ; concealed in
chinks of bark, and among
grass at the base of the tree,
during the day ; very retired
and sluggish in its habits, and
feeds sparingly on ash shoots
and hawthorn [leaves
subtusa poplar ; between the
trapezina oak, birch, horn-
beam, &c. ; also other caterpil-
lars
pyralina plum, pear, &c.
chi hawthorn, sallow,
tea tree, dock, lettuce, hawk-
weed, Sonchus, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
APRIL
D. templi Heracleum sphon-
dylium, inside the stem and r.
E. lutulenta from Oct., Lithos-
permum arvense, and other low
plants
„ viminalis sallow
„ lichenea from Nov., ragwort
and other low plants, on the coast
P. meticulosa ...from Nov., ground-
sel, and various low plants
„ empyrea from Nov. ,pilewort,
&c.
A. herbida from Aug., dock,
and other low plants
,, occulta primrose, plantain,
and other low plants ; can only
be found in the evening
„ nebulosa from Sept., sallow,
hawthorn, birch, &c.
„ tincta from Sept., grass,
and low plants ; also birch, and
other trees
„ advena from Aug., various
plants
C. vetusta poplar, and various
meadow and marsh plants
,, exoleta scabious, campion,
rest harrow, dock, Eryngium
maritimum, turnip, asparagus,
&c.
X. furcifera alder, birch
A. myrtilli, s. ...from Aug., heath;
gently clear away the bottom
of the heath, and shake it into
the net
P. chrysitis from July, burdock,
thistle, nettle, dead nettle, &c.
,, iota nettle, dead nettle,
honeysuckle, groundsel, &c.
„ gamma nettle, hop, and
most low plants [plants
M. typica from Sept., low
,, maura from Sept., ivy,
dock, chickweed, &c.
C. sponsa oak
H. probscidalis from July, nettle
H. derivalis from Aug., among
dead oak leaves
„ barbalis from Sept, birch
catkins
H. tarsipennalis from Aug., rasp-
Will eat knotgrass and
berry ?
sallow
cribralis
Carex
pilosa
flexula lichen
from Aug., sallow,
sylvatica, and Luzula
A
P. farinalis
A
straw, com, &c.
pinguinalis ...greasy horse cloths,
rubbish in houses, &c.
E. cingulalis from Sept., Salvia
pratensis
A. nemoralis . . . Chrysosplenium alter-
nifolium
C. lemnalis aquatic, in a case
filled with air, feeding beneath
the leaves (fronds) of duckweed
P. stratiotalis ...aquatic, on Calli-
triche verna, Stratiotes aloides,
&c.
H. nymphaealis aquatic, in a flat
case, under the leaves of yellow
water lily, and Potamogeton
pectinatus
„ stagnalis ....
geton
B. terrealis ....
rod, fl.
„ asinalis from Oct., madder
E. crocealis Inula dysenterica,
between the leaves
S. olivalis ground ivy,
other low plants, in ;
under the leaves
„ prunalis sloe, and low plants
S. ambigualis ...moss
,, mercurella ...the mosses Hypnus
elegans and Jungermannia dila-
tata
„ resinea the lichens on ash,
Stigoneura mammillosa, and
Oscillatora autumnalis
C. hortuellus ...moss
C. phragmitellus...from Oct., reed
A. lotella in the stem and r. of
Festuca ovina, and Aira canes-
cens, in a silken tube
P. abietella from Sept., young
shoots of Scotch fir, and decayed
wood and cones
.aquatic, on Potamo-
.from Aug., golden
and
web
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV-E]
APRIL
P. palumbella ...from Sept., polygala
T. Fosterana ...ivy, honeysuckle, &c.
P. Lecheana ... sallow, willow,honey-
suckle, oak, &c.
P. caprDeana sallow
,, gentiana .
heads
S. roborana .
S. conchana ?
....from Nov., in teazle
..in rose shoots
..Galium, alder, &c.
E. mygindana ...in shoots of Myrica
and Vaccinium, on northern
moors
„ rufana sun cistus
„ arbutana Vaccinium, twisted
shoots
S. subjectana ...various plants
,, virgaureana ...various plants
B. lanceolana ...in stems of rushes
P. unguicana ...heath
,, uncana Myrica gale, heath
„ lundana trefoils, and vetches
G. ramana buds of birch
P. immundana...in leaves of birch,
and alder
„ Demarniana catkins of birch
H. cruciana in sallow shoots
P. bilunana catkins of birch and
alder
E. cirsiana from Sept., in thistle
and knapweed stems, in woods
„ Pfulgiana from Sept., in thistle
and knapweed stems, in open
places
,, Brunnichiana in stems of coltsfoot
„ turbidana r. of butter burr (?)
„ fceniana from Oct., in r. of
Artemesia
„ grand sevana... in r. of Petasitesand
Tussilago
S. Wceberana ...from Oct., under
bark of fruit trees
C. strobilana ...in fir cones
„ hercyniana ...spruce fir
,, ustomaculana Vaccinium
R. turionana in shoots of Scotch
fir
„ pinivorana ...in shoots of Scotch
fir
S. coniferana ...under bark of Scotch
fir
ox eye
..shoots of chrysan-
S. Leplastrierana in stems of cabbage
D. Petiverana ...r. of Achillea mille-
folium
„ simpliciana ...in r. of Artemesia
vulgaris
,, acuminatana
„ consortana .
themum
C. nimbana under moss, and
bark of beech
X. Fabriciana ...nettle, pellitory, &c.
E. udana in stems of Alisma
plantago
,, rupicolana ...hemp agrimony (?)
„ roseana from Oct., in seeds
of teazle
X. Zoegana in r. of Scabiosa
calumbaria, Centaurea nigra, &c.
C. tesserana from Sept., in r. of
Picris hieracioides
T. pseudo-bombycella from October,
lichen on oak, beech, &c., in a
long, slender case
P. opacella in a case on fallen
fir logs, probably feeds on lichen,
grass, heath, furze, &c.
S. triquetrella ...on old palings, on
moors, marshes, &c., in a trian-
gular case
P. Verhuellella in the indusia of
Asplenium ruta-mutaria and
hartstongue
D. marginepunctella in a case on
trees, &c.
X. melanella ...on lichens, in a case
on trees, and palings
S. carpinetella ...fungi on rotten wood
„ cloacella rotten wood
T. tapetzella woollen cloth, &c.
„ albipunctella... rotten sticks
„ pellionella ...in carpets, cloth,
• feathers, &c.
„ ganomella ...from Oct., in birds'
nests
„ biselliella from Oct., in bird
skins, hair seating, &c.
„ perochraceella... ants' nests
L. prselatella ...from Sept., in a flat
case on underside of wild straw-
berry
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVAE]
APRIL
L. rubiella in shoots of rasp-
berry
I. masculella ...from June, rose, &c.
„ capitella in the shoots of cur-
rant bushes
M. Allionella ...honeysuckle
„ fastuosella ...nut
A. viridella (?)... oak
N. scabiosellus...from July, various
low plants
,, cupriacella .. from July, Sedum
reflexum, S. album, &c.
E. Messingiella Cardamine amara
P. porrectella ...Barbara vulgaris,
Hesperis matronalis, in a web
on the underside of the leaves
H. harpella honeysuckle
D. assimilella ...broom, between
united twigs
G. velocella Rumex acetosella,
towards the r.
„ diffinella Rumex acetosella,
towards the r.
,r arundinetella Carex riparia
„ affinella under moss on old
walls
„ domesticella in moss on old walls
„ vulgella hawthorn, between
united leaves
„ tricolorella ,..in seeds and shoots
of Stellaria
*„ instabilella ...Plantago maritima
„ MoufTetella ...in shoots of honey-
suckle
„ tenebrella ...from Sept., in r. and^
lower stem of Rumex acetosella*
„ anthyllidella shoots of Anthyllis
P. neuropterella from Oct., in heads
of Cirsium acaule
M. ustulella .from August, nut,
birch, lime, maple, hornbeam,
&c.
P. bicostella from Nov., Erica
cinerea
H. bracteella ...in decayed wood
D. sulphurella ...in rotten wood
CE. fusco-aurella in dead sticks
„ pseudo-spretella from Oct. , various
kinds of dried fruit, dried peas,
and other seeds ; also hams
CE. navifrontella...from Sept., in a
case on beech
B. grandipennella... furze
,, fusco-oeneella... among sun cistus
,, chenopodiella...Chenopodium and
Atriplex
R. Erxlebenella Tilia
G. Haworthella Eriophorum, seeds
,, schsenicolella in seed-heads of
Schaenus nigricans
D. ocnerostomella in dried stems of
Echium vulgare
A. ephippella ...in shoots of wild
cherry
„ glaucinella ...in bark of oak, horse
chesnut, &c.
„ abdominella...in needles of juniper
„ pygmaeella ...in sallow catkins
„ Gaedartella ...in bark of alder,
birch, &c.
,, Brochella birch shoots
,, arceuthinella in shoots of juniper
,, aurulentella . . .juniper, in the leaves
C. farinatella ...in leaves of Scotch
fir
O. pinariella...... Scotch fir, in the
leaves
G. tringipennella in plantain
,t auroguttella . . willow herb, and
hypericum
„ ononiella rest harrow, and
clover
C. lixella grasses
,, pyrrhulipennella from Oct., heath
„ discord ella ...from Oct., Lotus
corniculatus
„ genistsecolella from Oct., Genista
anglica
„ lineolella Ballota nigra
„ juncicolella ...from Oct., heath
„ caespititiella...from Sept., rushes,
seeds
„ laricella from Sept., larch
„ albitarsella ...from Nov., Origa-
num and Glechoma
,, gryphipennella from Sept., rose
„ vitisella from No v. , whortle-
berry
„ viminetella ...from Sept., sallow
and osier
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
33
APRIL
solitariella ...from Oct., Stellaria E.
holostea (l
paludicolella Epilobium hirsutum ,,
miscella sun cistus „
Linneella from Nov., under
bark of lime trees „
Schrankella... Epilobium alsinifo-
lium „
seratella .... from Oct., in galls T.
on knotgrass L.
Briinnichella Melissa clinopodium
Gleichenella in Luzula and Carex „
magnificeHa...Luzula pilosa „
apicipunctella from Oct., in Aira
albifrontella...in many grasses „
luticomella ...in stems of Dactylis „
glomerata
poella Poa aquatica C.
kilmunella ..Carex B.
cinereopunctella from Sept., in
Carex glauca [pilosa ,,
trapeziella ...from Oct., in Luzula „
Gregsonella...in a Poa
nigrella Poa trivialis, &c. N.
subnigrella ...Bromus erectus
perplexella ...in Aira cespitosa T.
Bedellella ...Avena pratensis
zonariella in Aira cespitosa P.
gangabella ...from Nov., Dactylis „
glomerata
taeniatella from Sept, in Bra- „
chypodium sylvaticum
Megerlella ...from Sept., in Bra- „
chypodium, Bromus, Aira, &c.
cerussella in reed
biatomella ...in Carex glauca
rufocinerella in Holcus mollis
cygnipennella Dactylis glomerata,
and other grasses
paludum, e Carex intermedia,
C. paniculata, and C. paludosa
serricornella . . . Carex
dodonseella .. from Oct., in oak
lantanella ...from Sept., Vibur-
num lantana
vacciniella ... in whortleberry
Messaniella ...in oak, evergreen
oak, chestnut, hornbeam
trifasciella ...in honeysuckle
scabiosaecolella in r. leaves of
Scabiosa calumbaria
Spartifoliella under bark of broom
aurimaculella on Chrysanthemum
and ox eye
cristatella . . . from Sept. , on yarrow
artemisiella ...Artemesia campes-
tris, and yarrow
Weaverella...from Oct., in whor-
tleberry
immundella... beneath bark of
broom
trigonodactylus in coltsfoot stems
plagiodactylus . . . S cabiosa, and Ve -
ronica chamsedrys
osteodactylus from Sept., golden
rod
aridus on the Continent, on
fl.-buds of Coris monspeliensis
will be given to the operations of the pupae hunter, now
to find species which have only just changed. A glance
PUPJE]
A new " spurt
that he begins
down the list will show that he may, by diligent searching, find the chrysalids
of some of the early summer butterflies, enabling him to secure them in all
their glory, ere they
"hover on the flowers — aerial things,
With little rainbows flickering in their wings. "
P. Machaon on stems of Peuce-
danum palustre ; in fens
L. sinapis from Oct., on stems
of Vicia cracca, and Orobus
tuberosus ; in woods
P. brassicae
nap
on palings, walls, &c.
A. cardamines ... on stems of grass, &c.
34
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
APRIL
A. Euphrosyne... suspended by the tail E.
among dog \ iolet, &c.
M. Artemis suspended under a „
leaf, among scabious, plantain,
&c. , in damp meadows „
„ Cinxia, e suspended among
plantain, &c. E.
S. ^.jeria, b. ...on grass stems, &c.
L. Alsus among Anthyllis vul- C.
neraria
S. ocellatus sub., at willows, C.
poplars, &c.
„ populi sub., at poplars,
willow, &c. [beech M
„ tiliae sub., at elm, lime,
C. ligniperda ...at various trees, spun
up, under bark ; s. sub.
L. asellus spun up, on a leaf N.
A. mendica under moss on trees
bordering ditches F.
„ lubricepeda ) spun up, on trees,
,, menthrasti ) palings, &c. L.
„ urticse under moss on trees
O. pudibunda ...in dead leaves, un-
der moss, &c. E.
B. rubi a long cocoon, among
coarse grass, &c. ; s. 2 years in
pupa
S. carpnu cocoon among leaves,
heath, grass, &c. ; s. 2 years in E.
pupa
S. lunaria from Aug., at sloe, ,,
oak, nut, &c.
0. bidentata from Sept., under
moss, on various trees „
A. betularia from Oct., sub., at
oak, elm, birch, &c. „
H. abruptaria .. from Sept., spun up,
on twigs, or branches „
T. consonaria ...from Oct., under
moss, at r. of beech, &c.
„ punctulata ...from Oct., under M
moss, on birch and alder, or in „
bark crevices
1. lacteai ia spun up, among „
leaves of oak, and birch M
N. viridata between united crevices
leaves of hawthorn and bramble hop
E. porata fastened to leaf of „ exiguata ...
oak oak, &c.
punctaria fastened to leaf of
oak, or birch
trilinearia from Sept., fastened
to leaf of beech
pendularia ...from Aug., fastened
to leaf of birch
heparata from Oct., among
mos-<, &c., on alder
exanthemaria . spun up, under
leaves of sallow and alder
temerata from Sept., woods,
£c., near sloe, wild cherry, and
probably buckthorn
liturata from Oct., in open
places, and on the margins of
fir woods, at i in. to 2 in. deep,
rarely within 2ft. of the tree
pulveraria ...from September, in
withered sallow leaves, &c.
carbonaria ...from Aug., among
dead leaves of sallow, and birch
adustata from Sept., in a
slight cocoon just beneath the
surface, among spindle
albulata from Oct., within
the spun-up sepals cf yellow
rattle
decolorata ...from July, about
Lychnis dioica
venosata from July, about
Silene, and Lychnis
consignata ...from Sept., probably
under moss, and loose bark, in
apple orchards
pulchel'ata ...from Sept, among
the dead fl. of foxglove
isogrammata about Clematis vi-
talba
fraxinata from end of Aug.,
on ash, under moss, and loose
bark
nanata abou t heath
campanulata from Sept., sub.,
about Campanulese
minutata about heath
assimilata from September, in
about cm rant, and
. . . from Aug. , about
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
35
LARV.E] APRIL
Y. ruberata under loose bark of
sallow, alder, &c.
M. ocellata among Galium; spun
up, near the ground
,, subtristata ...from Sept., sub.,
near Galium
„ galiata sub., near Galium
A. sinuata in earthen cocoon;
en the ground, among Galium
C. munitata spun up, en moss,
on tree trunks
„ unidentaria ...among bedstraw, &
sweet woodruff, in a slight web,
on the surface of the ground
„ sagittata spun up, about Tha-
lictrum, or on the ground near;
in fens
„ suffumata among Galium and
ragwort
E. lineolata cocoon attached to
Galium verum, on coast sand-
hills, I.elow the surface
C. obliquaria ...from Aug., among
broom
P. hamula oak, birch; between
united leaves
D. bicuspis spun up, on birch
trunks in the S., alder in the N.
„ furcula spun up, on trunk of
willow or sallow
„ bifida spun up, on trunk of
poplars
,, vinula spun up, on trunk of
willows, poplars, and sallow,
three or four feet from the ground
S. fagi spun up, amongleaves
of beach, oak, elm, birch ; s. at r.
P. bucephala ...sub. , at various trees
C. reclusa spun up, among dead
leaves of sallows, poplars,
willows
P. palpina at willows, and pop-
lars, on edges of streams, or
under sods near
N. camelina ?ub. , at various trees
„ cucullini sub., at maple and
sycamore
„ carmelita sub., at birch
„ diet sea at poplars and wil-
lows, or under sods near
D 2
N. dictseoides ...sub., at birch
„ dromedarius sub., at birch, alder,
nut
,, ziczac sub., at poplars,
sallow, willows
,, trepida sub., at oak, in a
tough cocoon
„ Chaonia sub., at oak
„ Dodonea sub., at oak and
birch
T. batis near bramble and
wild raspberry
C. duplaris betweenunitedbirch
leaves
„ fluctuosa among birch leaves
D. Orion at birch, and oak,
in a cocoon of gnawed bark,
or rotten wood
A. tridens spun up, in crevices
ofba'k, at hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
I( psi in bark crevices of
various trees
,, leporina in excavat'ons in the
bark of birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
„ acer's spun up, among
fallen leaves, and under loose
bark of sycamore, horse-chest-
nut, maple, birch, and s. oak
„ megacephala under loose bark of
poplar
„ strigosa among dead leaves
of hawthorn, or rubbish, or de-
cayed wood ; s. sub.
„ alni between leaves of
various trees, or inside bramble
sticks
„ ligustri spun up, under moss,
stone", &c. , near ash and privet;
also sub. ; also found under the
top stones of walls against the
tree
„ rumic'S spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c.
„ menyanthid:s spun up, near bil-
berry, heath, sweet gale, &c.
A. putris sub., at elm
D. pinastri in a cocoon on the
ground, among dock, sorrel, £c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE] APRIL
M. albicolon sub., near Atriplex,
Chenopodium, lettuce, &c.
A. segetum, s. ...sub., among Cru-
ciferse, grass, &c.
X. rurea under moss, on
stumps
A. unanimis under bark of wil-
lows, in damp places, and
among decayed willow wood
C. Morpheus ...spun up, in a leaf, or
an earthen cocoon, attached to
food plant
R. tenebrosa among violets, and
other low plants; a little be-
neath the surface
A. Puta from Jan., near r. of
dandelion, lettuce, carrots
D. carpophaga...sub., near Silene,
and Lychnis, on the coast ;
found by raking sandhills
,, capsophila ...from June, a con-
stant succession, sub., about
Silene maritima, on the coast
„ capsincola ...from August, sub.,
near Lychnis
It csesia from August, about
Silene maritima, on the coast
H. serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
„ adusta sub., near sallow
„ glauca sub., near sallow,
and birch
„ oleracea sub., near elm, net-
tle, dock, &c., also in kitchen
gardens
H. thalassina ...sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
C. verbasci sub., in earthen
cocoon, near mullein
and figwort
„ scrophulariae s. 2 yrs. in pupa
„ lychnitis in earthen cocoon,
near white and black mullein ;
s. 2 yrs. in pupa
„ asteris near golden rod, &c. ;
s. 2 yrs. in pupa
n gnaphalii .....near golden rod
„ absynthii near wormwood
„ umbratica ...sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
,, dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites, and
Lin aria
A. myrtilli spun up, in heath
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
reptans, and grass [ground
B. argentula among grass, on the
A. urticse spun up, among
nettle leaves
„ triplasia spun up, among
nettle leaves, hop, &c.
P. senea among Polygala
vulgaris
H. barbalis, e. ...in a loose cocoon,
among oak, and birch
E. sambucalis . . . spun up, in crevices,
in palings, walls, &c. , near elder
G. canella among S alsola kali
IMAGOS]
With the lengthening days, and warmer sunshine, the number of insects
on the wing continues to increase ; and amongst those which are due this
month are several somewhat rare species. The sallows constitute an irre-
sistible attraction on mild evenings, when we are sure to find that many
moths have
" from far and nigh
Sped to the lure."
The hibernating butterflies, as well as some which have freshly emerged, are
also occasionally attracted to these blossoms in the daytime, when we are
cheered by
" amber sunbeams slanting down the vale."
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
37
IMAGOS]
APRIL
But the only rare species is V. Antiopa, which, however, is but seldom seen
in the spring. Eggs may sometimes be obtained from the captured ? at
this and other periods of the year. The freshly emerged ? of many species,
particularly the Bombyces, can be used to attract the S, and large numbers
are sometimes thereby taken. Beating thatch is a mode of capture often
resorted to, and at this season many moths may be beaten out, particularly
hibernating Geometras. As the season advances,
" and vernal airs breathe mild,"
large numbers of Tineoe may be thus captured. Depressarise, and some
other species, seem much commoner now than before hibernation.
In the following list is given the species ordinarily to be found this month,
including those which have hibernated, but which have not generally before
put in an earlier appearance in the new year.
L. sinapis, e. ...woods ; does not
travel quietly if boxed
P. brassicse, e. ...gardens, &c.
„ rapae gardens, &c.
„ napi gardens, &c.
A. cardamines ...fields, &c.
S. JEgeria, e. ...woods and shady
lanes
T. rubi, m woods, &c.
P. Phlseas fields and lanes,
coast sandhills, &c.
L. argiolus, m — amongst holly, and
at fl.
A. mendica, e —
D. coryli beech woods; may
be beaten
E. lanestris, b. ...at rest on hawthorn,
&c.
L. ilicifolia at rest on moors ?
E. versicolora ...<J flies by day; 9
generally not till evening. A
bred ? in a roomy box is useful
for attracting the 6 of most
bombyces
S. carpini heaths and open
places ; fly in the sunshine
R. cratsegata ...in hedges, &c.
S. illunaria, b
„ lunaria woods; comes to 1.
„ illustraria, e... woods
O. bidentata ...rests on tree trunks
B. hirtaria in the squares of
London
A. prodromaria, b. at rest on trees, &c.
H. abruptaria, e. on palings, trees,
&c., and in gardens ; comes to 1.
T. crepuscularia... on trees
„ biundularia ...on trees and palings
E. pendularia .. beaten from trees
C. temerata, e. ...among sloe, &c.
A . pictaria at sloe fl.
N. pulveraria, e.
F. carbonaria, e.
A. asscularia on trees, &c.
L. multistrigaria, may be found to-
wards the bottom of palings,
on the grass, &c. , being turned
away
E. helveticata ...this species s. ap-
pears much earlier. Most of
the genus fly just before dusk
irriguata on birch trunks
pimpinellata
vulgata
dodoneata ...flies in the early
morning sunshine
abbreviata . . .
pumilata
coronata on trees and palings
L. hexapterata... woods
„ lobulata ...... on Scotch fir trunks,
and gate posts, &c.
„ polycommata
T. simulata
M. fluctuata on walls, palings,
and in gardens
A. badiata at sallows, and fly-
ing over hedges at dusk
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
APRIL
A. derivata
P. polygrammata, b. damp meadows;
very local
„ suffumata ...flies at dusk X.
P. lacertula beaten from birch
D.unguicula, e... among beech ; flies C.
in the day time ,,
D. bicuspis ...at rest on tree trunks B.
P. nubeculosa ...birch woods in
Perthshire
C. curtula... ,,
N. carmelita on birch trunks, and
palings near. Flies in the sun- p
shine ; may be taken at sallows; p'
and is attracted by puddles
„ trepida, e. ...on oaks S.
„ Chaonia, e. ... S.
C. rid ens ... atl., at sugar, and L.
at rest on tree trunks „
X. conspicillaris, at rest on trees ; P.
also beaten, and has been taken S.
at sugar C.
T. piniperda at sallows, and at O.
rest on fir trees P.
T. gothica at sallows. The P.
notes under March in reference „
to this genus also apply to
April. Laburnum, and other „
early fl. also attract the genus
„ gothacina a var. of gothica, C.
which is found in Finland and „
Lapland, and has been taken „
in Morayshire, &c. H
„ leucographa... T.
„ rubricosa L.
„ instabilis remarkable vars. of D,
this species, and also of stabilis E.
often appear „
„ opima S.
„ populeti
„ stabilis
„ gracilis I.
„ miniosa M,
n munda
„ cruda
V. oleagina .....
P. meticulosa. This species occurs
all the summer, there appearing
to be, as is the case with several „
other common species, a sue- ,,
cession of broods, but it is
most abundant in Sept. and
Oct.
lithoriza at sallows, and on
trees, walls, &c.
verbasci
chamomilke, s. at rest, onrails, &c.
parthenias ...in and near birch
woods ; flies on sunny morn-
ings round sallows, &c.
notha on aspens, flies in
the sunshine round sallows, &c.
~ A J fly in the sun-
gamma, to Oct. >. & hoyer
a2nea'e (overn.
augustea from Aug.
Revayana ...from Sept., woods
literana on oak trunks
niveana at sallows
mixtana from July, moors
pauperana ...among wild rose
musculana ...hedges
rusticana moors, fens, mosses
comptana chalk downs, &c.
tetraquetrana, among birch
immundana ...among birch and
alder
crenana from Sept. ; most
heaths in the N.
splendidulana, on oak trunks
pygmseana, b. among spruce
vaccinina
fimbriana ...oak woods, in the S.
hyemana oak woods
salicella among dog rose ?
fagella on trees
avellanella ...
Steinkellneriella
triquetrella ...moors in the N.
inconspicuella, b. at rest on pa-
lings, &c.
Zinckenella, e. among birch.
purpurella ...among birch and
Scotch fir ; may be obtained
by sweeping the twigs ; most
of the genus fly on sunny
afternoons, and at other times
may be shaken from trees
salopiella ...among birch
semipurpurella, among birch
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
39
IMAGOS]
APRIL
M. unimaculella among birch, and G.
Scotch fir „
„ Sparmannella, among birch „
„ subpurpurella, among oak D.
„ fastuosella ...among nut B.
A. cuprella, e. ...at sallows, flying in
the sunshine
S. comptella, e. on hedges A.
(I pyrella among hawthorn G.
hedges T.
Y. vigintipunctella, e. among Sedum O.
telephium Z.
P. xylostella among Cruciferae G.
,, Dalella on moors ,,
H. radiatella from Aug. ,,
P. caudella from Sept., on pa- „
lings, &c., flies over spindle C.
bushes after dark „
D. arenella from Aug. O.
„ Alstnemeriella, from Aug.
„ ciniflonella ...Rannoch
capreolella ...from Aug.
conterminella, from Aug.
applanella ...from July, flying
over hedges
chserophyllivorella, from Aug.
velocella, e
ericetella, e. ...moors and heaths
junctella
sulphurella ...
incongruella . . on heathsand moors,
hides among withered sprigs of
heath when disturbed
autumnitella, from Aug.
fuscoviridella
sericiella
pinarielia, h. ? among Scotch fir
hepariella ...from Aug.
stigmatella ...from Aug.
stramineella...from Aug.
populetella ...from Sept.
phasianipennella, from Sept.
cuculipennella, from Sept.
citrinella from Oct.
anglicella, e. among hawthorn
and sloe
chaerophyllella, from Oct.
decorella from Oct.
flavicapitella.. among hawthorn
rufocinerella.. among grass
Bremiella
alnifoliella ...
The following hibernated species may also be met with this month, but
their condition is often so " seedy " that they are of little value as specimens,
unless eggs are desired : —
C. Edusa, C. Hyale, V. c-album, V. urticae, V. polychloros, V. Antiopa,
V. lo, V. Atalanta, V. cardui, M. stellatarum, E. fasciaria, T. variata, C.
fluviata, S. dubitata, C. psitticata, C. miata, C. silaceata, A. auricoma,
L. lithargyria? A. puta, A. suffusa, A. saucia, C. vaccinii, C. spadicea, C.
erythrocephala ? S. satellitia, D. rubiginea, H. croceago, D. templi, C.
vetusta, C. exoleta, X. conformis, X. rhizolitha, X. semibrunnea, X.
petrificata, G. libatrix, H. rostralis, E. coarctalis (angustea) E. ocellea, P.
crenana, P. caudella, D. pallorella, D. propinquella, D. subpropinquella,
D. alstrsemeriella, D. vaccinella, L. epilobiella, L. clerckella,' P. suffusella,
P. salignella, P. pterodactylus, A. polydactyla.
MAY
OVA]
As the geologist, to be successful at his favourite pursuit,
" Must dig out buried monsters, and explore
The green earth's fruitful crust,"
so the entomologist ought to be willing to devote himself, it may be, to the
somewhat "dry " work of studying the earlier stages of the insects he collects,
and not allow the more engrossing attractions of merely catching the imagos
to solely occupy his attention. This is the more necessary to bear in mind
now that the work of the season is beginning to crowd upon the collector.
He should not "shut his apprehension up," and drop, it may be, into his
old habit of merely amassing numbers of species, without making a corre-
sponding addition to his knowledge regarding them. As he pursues his way
"through matted fern, and hazels thick,"
the eggs of many species may be found by critically examining the food-plant
at the time they are due ; but a more certain method of obtaining eggs is
to induce the female imago to deposit on a sprig of the food-plant. With
this view, all female specimens from which eggs are desired should be
isolated, and placed under the most favourable conditions for ovi position.
Many species readily deposit theii eggs in a chip, or other box ; others prefer
the gauze, or cheese-cloth cover of a breeding-cage, or a spray of the larval
food-plant ; some can be induced to lay when placed in a glass tube or a
glass shade, with a sprig of the food-plant, or of blooming heather, or a
small piece of jam ; and others, especially the butterflies, love the stimulus
of air and sunshine.
One of the difficulties the breeder from the egg encounters is a prompt
supply of the proper food-plant. Valuable species are often lost from
neglect or mistake on this point. The most successful mode of meeting this
difficulty is doubtless by having a growing plant ready, with the eggs placed
upon, or near it ; and this must be supplemented by other growing plants as
the first- one becomes demolished. Sometimes, however, the greater diffi-
culty meets us of not knowing what is the food-plant in a state of nature.
Every effort should be made to discover this, as we cannot be said to have
worked out the life-history of an insect, though we may succeed in feeding
it up from the egg, unless we have ascertained the natural food-plant, and
thus accomplished it. Watching the female imago deposit her eggs is one
of the surest and most satisfactory methods of solving this problem, and
should always be carefully looked for, whenever opportunity offers, in all
cases of imperfectly known species. Pieces of the various kinds of herbage
among which the species is most frequently found should be in readiness to
be first offered to the newly emerged larvae ; and if these are refused, we must
then resort to substitute-food-plants. Happily we have many available.
For the Geometrina the common knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) occupies
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
MAY
the first place, and it is often eaten by species in confinement in preference
to the natural food-plant. Hawthorn, Lotus (trefoil), and Glechoma (ground
ivy), sallow, and sloe are also useful. For the Noctuse the following plants
have been found acceptable — sallow, birch, plum, hawthorn, plantain, dock,
dandelion, lettuce, clover, borage, goosefoot. When the food-plant is
known, but cannot be procured, plants of the same natural order may be
pretty safely substituted, and many will eat hawthorn or knotgrass when
their natural food is not within reach. It is here, as in working out other
branches of entomology, that a knowledge of botany is desirable ; and the
collector should not fail to make it his business to learn "all about " plants,
as well -as his favourite insects. If he does not, he will constantly find his
progress impeded, and his ignorance upbraiding him. He should do this
not by merely going through a cramming course at a Science School, how-
ever useful that may be as a groundwork for technical knowledge, but by
super-adding to it the work of field botany, and mastering the mysteries of
classification, and the best systems of natural arrangement.
L. sinapis on Vicia cracca, and S.
Orobustuberosus; long, standing „
on one end, yellow-white C.
P. brassicse on cabbage, &c. ; in
groups ; conical, ridged, yellow T.
„ rapse on Cruciferse, migno-
nette, and other garden plants ; L.
singly on the underside of a leaf
„ napi on Cruciferse „
„ Daplidice on wild mignonette,
and weld
A. cardamines, e. on Cardamine, Ery-
simum, &c., upon the fl. -stalks,
and base of the fl. ; bright orange S.
C. Edusa on white clover,
lucerne, &c. This species also T.
oviposits in June, and s. in M.
July and August, and even in
September
„ Hyale on clover, melilot S.
V. c-album on nettle, hop, elm,
sloe, currant
n urticoe on nettle; in batches A.
upon underside of leaf; barrel-
shaped, fluted, green
„ polychloros ...on elm, s. willow
and poplar; in regular batches; ,,
globular, glassy, brownish
,, Antiopa on willow, birch, „
poplar, nettle
M lo on nettle ; green „
„ Atalanta on nettle, singly; O.
green
Nigeria on grasses ; singly
Megsera, e. ...on grasses
Pamphilus ...on Nardus stricta,
and probably other grasses
rubi on bramble, broom,
Genista
Alexis, e on rest-harrow, tre-
foil, &c.
Argiolus, b — on holly, and prob-
ably buckthorn, upon the fl. -
stalks, rather close to the fl. ;
at first green, changing to
white
alveolus on bramble and wild
raspberry ; singly, pale green
Tages on Lotus corniculatus
stellatarum...on Galium mollugo ;
upon underside of leaf of plants
growing on old walls
populi on poplar, sallow,
willow ; laid singly upon the
leaves ; oval, green
fuliginosa ...on dock, nettle, plan-
tain, &c. ; in regular batches
upon the leaves, as do the three
following species
mendica .on sloe, plantain,
&c.
lubricipeda ...on various low
plants ; s. elder and other trees
men thrasti ... on various low plants
pudibunda ...on hop, oak, &c. ;
in regular batches
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
MAY
carpini, b. ..on heath, bramble,
sloe, sallow, &c., spirally round
the twigs ; round, pale green
advenaria on dogwood, and
probably wild rose, and bilberry
bidentata on oak, sallow, nut,
sloe, &c. ; in regular batches,
upon the leaves ; dark green
alniaria on alder, birch, sal-
low, beech &c. ; brick-shaped,
like all the Ennomos
tiliaria on oak, sallow, birch,
alder, &c. ; purplish
fuscantaria ... on ash, privet ; upon
the twigs, in small batches
erosaria on oak, birch, &c.
angularia on oak, birch, beech,
&c.
prodromaria in bark crevices of
oak, birch, elm, nut
consonaria ...on beech, oak, birch;
oval, dull reddish purple
biundularia ...on oak, birch, &c. ;
slightly oval, bright green
petraria ' on biake fern
carbonaria ...on sallow, birch
piniaria on needles of Scotch
fir and larch; in a row on the
higher branches
citraria on wild carrot, tre-
foil, &c. ; on the coast
polycommata on honeysuckle, ash
albicillata ...on bramble, rasp-
berry ; large
ferrugata on ground ivy, Ga-
lium, chickweed
C. russata, e. ...on strawberry, birch,
hawthorn, sallow, &c. ; singly,
large, flattish; dingy yellow
E. lineolata, e. ...on Galium verum,
on the coast ; in clusters ; oval,
standing on the smaller end ;
yellow, changing to pale
brown
N. trepida on oak ; white, with
faint blue tinge; large
T. gracilis on willow, &c., and
low plants ; often upon seed-
heads of plantain, also dead
reed-heads
M. brassicse on cabbage, dock,
Chenopodium, &c. ; in regular
batches, upon the underside of
the leaves
A. saucia on plantain, grass,
clover, and other low plants ;
hatch in about a fortnight after
being laid. The eggs are, how-
ever, s. laid in Oct., hatch early
in November, turn to pupae
about Christmas, and the images
emerge in April
D. capsophila ...onfl.-headsof Silene
maritima
„ capsincola, e. onfl.-headsof Lych-
nis and Silene
X. petrificata ...on oak, lime, birch;
oval, greyish, thickly dotted
with purple
A. urticae on nettle
„ triplasia on hop, and nettle ;
globular, singly
LAEV^Ij
The " merry month of May " is the great month for larva beating. Now
is the time when most of the species which have hibernated are nearly, if not
quite, full-fed. These, therefore, are gladly seized upon, as they require but
little attention to bring them into healthy pupae. Of course in all these
cases it is desirable, if possible, to identify the species, and give it its proper
pabulum, and as nearly natural conditions as possible, to enable it to easily
pass into the next stage. Quiet and cleanliness are essential conditions of
healthy larval and pupal life, Breeding cages should, therefore, never be
crowded either with species or with the food-plant ; and should, if possible,
have some quiet crannies, with the requisite material, and space for each
particular species to effect its last and most important transformations. In
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 43
LARV.E] MAY
carrying out these arrangements, not only should every means be afforded
the larva to make its cocoon, or to otherwise pass into the pupal state, but it
should be remembered thnt in a few weeks the perfect insect will emerge,
and provision must be made for its successful advent in the winged state.
Besides the hibernated larvae, many will be found in various stages of
growth which have only emerged from the egg state in the earlier spring
months. Some of these may be rather small, especially if the season has
been backward ; but their careful feeding up will have its reward in their
being found to be seldom infected with parasites, to which older larvae are more
liable. In carrying out these breeding arrangements our object should
not only be to carry the operation successfully through, but to learn the
habits of the various species as they would behave in a state of nature.
Many larvee vary in appearance according to their age. In some species,
when one of the regular changes of skin takes place, the appearance of the
insect is completely altered. Many young larvae are thus unknown, which,
when mature, are recognised as old friends. Many noctuse are more gaily
dressed in youth than in maturity. Among the other kinds which are sober
in colour in the earlier stage, but array themselves gorgeously in their last
moult, are L. -#£gon, C. flavicornis, A. australis, T. rubricosa, E. nigra,
C. exoleta.
The cannibal larvae should be carefully looked for when beating, and be
"left out in the cold" if not wanted, or boxed separately if they are, or
they will make short work of any larva that happens to come in their way.
A useful article to the larva collector is a bag, made of canvas or linen,
about two feet deep by one foot wide. This would hold a large number of
larvae, with sprays of their food-plants, and when the mouth is tied the
whole may ensily be carried. If time presses on reaching home, the larvae
may be left hung up in their bag for a day or two, in a cool place, without
injury. If the whole of the larvae are turned out into a pan on reaching
home, and covered with muslin, the case bearers will crawl up and attach
themselves thereto.
The reader may again be reminded that night searching for larvae, especially
on low plants, often yields many species. They are sometimes found crawling
up or down trees. Just before sunset is the best time for beating, or sweeping,
especially on warm evenings in the early summer. On favourable evenings
towards the end of May upon a heath, or moor, many species may be some-
times met with in abundance. Lettuce leaves have been recommended as a
bait to catch larvae, scattering the leaves over the ground some time before
searching.
The long list of larvae which comes under this month will furnish the
collector with ample choice of material upon which to work.
P. crataegi from August, haw- A. Aglaia from August, dog,
thorn, sloe, and orchard trees and sweet violet, and wild
A. Paphia from August, dog, heartsease; on hill-sides, and
and sweet violet, in woods, &c. sea-side sandhills
44
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
MAY
og,
ild
A. Niobe ......... from August, dog, H
and sweet violet
,, Adippe ......... from August, dog,
and sweet violet ; in woods,
&c.
„ Latona ......... from August, do
and sweet violet, and wil
heartsease
,r Euphrosyne, b. from July, dog, and „
sweet violet; feeds in the sun- T.
shine; hides on the underside of
primrose, and other leaves
„ Selene, b. ...from July, dog, and
sweet violet ,,
M. Cinxia ......... from July, Plantago ,,
lanceolata „
„ Athalia ...... from August, Plan- P.
tago lanceolata, foxglove, wild
germander L.
V. c-album, e. ...nettle, hop, elm,
sloe, currant „
„ polycWoros ...elm, Salix vitelina,
S. viminalis, S. caprea, Populus
tremula, Pyrus aria, and fruit „
trees
L. sibylla ......... from August, honey- ,r
suckle ; prefers the plants which
climb over bushes, and up the P.
trunks of oaks
A. Iris ............ from August, sal- S.
low, and poplar. Grips too tight-
ly to shake off. Often hides in
crevices of bark of trees, or „
under loose pieces
A. Galatea, b. ...from August, timo-
thy, and other grasses ; may be „
obtained by sweeping. Some
of the larvae are green, and
some are pale drab
E. Epiphron ...... from August, grasses
in mountain bogs ((
„ Medea ......... from Sept., moor-
land poa, and other grasses
H. Semele ......... from Aug. , quaking „
grass, couch grass, &c. , on dry
hill-sides, and sea-side sand-
hills
„ lanira, e ....... from Aug., meadow „
grasses
, hyperanthus . . . from Aug. , annual
meadow, millet, and other grass-
es ; in and near woods ; may
be found at dusk, or at night,
feeding on the blades of grass,
in wood ridings
Davus from Aug., Rhyn-
chospora alba ; lives exposed
Pamphilus ...grasses
quercus oak; most abun-
dant in the upper branches. In
confinement s. eats the changing
pupa
w-album wytch elm
pruni sloe
betulae sloe, birch
Phlaeas from Oct., sorrel,
dock, ragwort
^Egon Ornithopus perpu-
sillus
Artaxerxes (var.) b., sun cistus;
hides on the underside of the
leaves
Adonis, b. ...from Oct., Hippo-
crepis comosa, &c.
Corydon from Oct., Hippo-
crepis comosa, &c.
sylvanus, b. ...grasses, inrolled-up
blades
myopseformis in stems of apple,
pear, plum, hawthorn; in old
gardens
formicseformis from Sept., in withy
stems; may be found in the old
stumps
chrysidiformis inside r. of sorrel
and dock ; at Folkestone and
Eastbourne, and probably other
places on the S. and E. coasts;
supposed to be 2 years feeding
cynipiformis...in the bark of un-
healthy-looking oaks, and in old
stumps
ichneumoniformis in the stems of
stinking hellebore, growing on
cliffs, under-cliffs, and land-
slips, on the coast
bembeciformis from Sept., in the
stems of poplar, and sallow, and
s. in the stumps of osiers
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
45
LARVJE]
MAY
M. arundinis, b. in stems of com-
mon reed
Z. gesculi from Aug., in the
wood of ash, elm, or pear trees;
s. in hawthorn, lime, or box.
The larvae feed in the interior of
the smaller branches, and are
generally found in the upper
branches of the highest trees.
Their presence is indicated by
the pellets of pink frass lying
about, under the infected trees.
They may be reared if the in-
fected branch is sawn off, and
kept damp. If the infected tree
is marked, or known, it may
be visited when the imago is due,
and large numbers be s. taken
at rest upon it
H. hectus from Aug., in r. of
brake fern; two seasons feeding
„ lupulinus from Aug., in r. of
dead nettle, &c.
„ velleda from Aug., in r. of
brake fern
P. statices sorrel, Cardamine
impatiens, &c.; mine in the
leaves while young
„ geryon sun cistus ; mine in
the leaves while young
„ globularioe ... ?
Z. minos trefoil, vetch
,, trifolii from July, trefoil,
vetch
„ lonicera ......from July, clover,
grasses
„ filipendulae ...from July, crowfoot,
trefoil, &c.
S. phegea from Sept., dande-
lion, scabious, plantain, &c.
N. cucullatella ...sloe, apple, haw-
thorn, &c.
confusalis oak
strigula oak
albulalis ? bramble ? ash ?
N. senex lichens, in fens and
bogs
mundana lichens, on or under
the top stones of old loose
stone walls
S. irrorella ground lichens on
the coast, just above the tide.
The larvae will feed equally well
on tree lichens if sprinkled with
salt water every morning, and
the pan in which they may be
kept is placed in the sun
C. miniata from Aug., lichen
on oaks (Lichen caninus) ; also
withered sallow, oak, alder
L. mesomella ...from Aug., lichens ;
will also eat sallow and heath ;
has been taken among r. of heath
„ muscerda lichens, on sallow,
in fens
„ aureola, e. ...from Sept., lichens,
on larch, oak, &c.
it pygmseola ...lichens, amongmoss
„ lurideola from Aug., lichens;
will also eat crab
„ molybdeola ...from July, lichens
„ complana from Aug., lichens,
on sloe and fir
,, griseola from Aug., lichens,
on poplar ; Lichen caninus the
supposed proper food, will also
eat withered sallow, &c.
„ quadra lichens, on oak,
beech, apple &c., mostly old
trees [mugwort
E. grammica fescue grass, heath,
„ cribrum from Aug., heath,
bilberry
D. pulchella Myosotis arvensis
E. jacobese .. ragwort, and groundsel
C. hera from Sept., bugloss,
and low plants
„ dominula from Aug., Cyno-
glossum officirrale, &c., on hilly
places, gravel pits, &c.
E, russula from Sept., plantain,
Erica cinerea, Hieracium, dan-
delion &c. Feeds well on lettuce
in confinement
C. plantaginis ...from Sept., violets,
plantain, &c.
„ caia from Sept., nettle,
and various other plants. Dark
varieties may be s. got by feed-
ing on coltsfoot or lettuce
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^I]
C. villica l.from Sept., chick-
weed, furze, and other plants.
The hairy bombyces prefer feed-
ing in the morning sunshine
A. fuliginosa, b. from Sept., plantain,
dock, grasses, &c.
L. chrysorrhsea ...from Sept., sloe,
hawthorn, &c. "Painfully un-
desirable to handle"
„ auriflua from Sept., sloe,
hawthorn, oak, sallow, &c.
„ salicis from Aug., poplar,
willow, oak, &c. Often sun
themselves on tree trunks when
not feeding
„ dispar Myrica gale, willow,
sloe, hawthorn, and various
fruit trees. Formerly found at
large; now bred artificially
„ monacha oak, beech, birch,
fir, apple, £c. ; hides in the
crevices of the bark
O. fascelina from September, on
hedges, dwarf sallows, furze
fl., broom, heath, and various
trees and plants
fr gonostigma ...from Sept., oak, nut,
willow, sallow, bramble, sloe,
hawthorn, beech, &c. If fed on
willow there is a tendency to
become double-brooded. Hiber-
nate in a loose web
T. cratsegi hawthorn, sloe, sal-
low, birch, oak. May be found
on dense and closely-cropped
hawthorn hedgesborderingroads
P. populi oak, poplar, lime,
ash, hawthorn. In repose it lies
closely pressed on a branch or
twig
E. lanestris hawthorn, sloe, £c.,
in hedges ; generally a large
number in a web ; s. remains in
pupa several years
B. neustria sloe, hawthorn, and
fruit trees ; generally in a batch
in a web
„ rubi from Sept., bramble,
heath, &c. ; often found wander-
ing about in the sunshine
MAY
B. roboris from Sept., haw-
thorn, dogwood, bramble, sal-
low, broom, heath, &c.
„ quercus(callunce) from Sept., bil-
berry, &c. ; dogwood preferred
trifolii from Sept., trefoil,
clover, broom, grass, furze, rasp-
berry, &c. ; attached to the coast
O. potatoria from Sept., coarse
grasses
L. quercifolia ...from Sept., bramble,
sloe, sallow, willow, plum, &c.
Rests along a twig or branch,
which it greatly resembles
O. sambucata ...from Sept., ivy,
elder, holly, bramble, and other
trees and plants
E. vespertaria ...nut
,, apiciaria nut, poplar, willow,
sallow, alder
A. prunaria, b from Oct., broom,
sloe, beech, bramble, sallow,
hawthorn, plum, &c.
M. margaritata ...from Sept., oak,
beech, birch, hornbeam, &c.
P. syringaiia from Sept., lilac,
privet, elder, honeysuckle. May
be found at night, hanging from
its food
C. elinguaria hawthorn, sloe, oak,
honeysuckle, &c. , also, heath,
bilberry, &c.
H. pennaria oak, hawthorn
P. pilosaria oak, elm
N. zonaria Ammophila arundi-
nacea, and other sand-hill plants
„ hispidaria oak
C. glabrana lichens, on fir
,, lichenaria from Sept., lichens,
on oak, park palings, &c. ; rests
among the lichens, which it
greatly resembles
B. repandata bramble, sloe, birch,
plum, spindle
„ perfumaria ..ivy, lilac, clematis,
&c.
„ abietaria from Sept., larch,
spruce, and Scotch fir ; has been
found on whortleberry; will also
eat birch, and oak
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
47
LARVJE] MAY
B. roboraria from Sept., oak
G. obscurata from Sept., thyme,
sun cistus, Potentilla reptans,
Poteriam sanguisorba. &c. ; hides
under r. &c., by day
D. obfuscata from Sept., heath,
vetch, &c.
M. cineraria lichens, on walls
P. cytisaria broom, and Genista
anglica, on heaths, forests, and
waste plact-s on the coast ; may
be found at rest, stuck up like
twigs on broom plants
G. papilionaria ..from Oct., nut, birch,
beech, &c.
,, smaragdaria.. ? on the S. E.
coast ; covers itself with frag-
ments of leaves, &c.
I. vernaria from Sept., Clematis
vitalba
P. baiularia, b. from Aug., oak ;
covers itself with fragments of
leaves, &c., after every moult,
until nearly full-fed
H. thymiaria hawthorn, oak
H. auroraria from Aug., plantain
A. rubricata from Aug., ?
will eat knotgrass, Lotus cor-
niculatus, Medicago lupulina,
Thalictrum minus, and the
smaller trifoliums
„ scutulata from Aug., fl. of
Anthriscus sylve^tris, and dande-
lion, preferring the withered
leaves
„ contiguaria ...from Aug., Empe-
trum nigrum; will also eat haw-
thorn buds, and knotgrass
„ herbariata from Oct., dried
plants in herbaria, & herbalist-,'
shops, &c. Tansy found to be
eaten where it occurred
„ rusticata from Aug., haw-
thorn ; will also eat ivy, lilac,
and withered bramble. Very
local
„ interjectaria...from Aug., dande-
lion, scarlet pimpernel, withered
„ holosericata ...from Aug., sun cis-
tus, withered
A. promutata ...from Aug., Achillea
millefolium, Artemesia vulgaris,
1'otentilla reptans
„ straminata ..from July, ?
will eat knotgrass
,, immutata from Aug., some
ma-sh plant; common in fens;
will also eat knotgrass
„ furrata from Aug., heath
„ strigilata from Aug., clematis,
Stachys, &c. ; on the coast
,, emutaria from Aug., Triticum
repens; in salt marshes on the
coast; will also eat Medicago
Lupulina, mint, Chenopodium,
Lotus corniculatus, knotgrass,
&c.
„ aversata from Sept., prim-
rose, gooseberry, nut, Geum
urbanum, &c.
„ inornata various plants
T. amataria from Oct., dock,
knotgrass, and other plants
H. vauaria gooseberry, &c. , in
gardens
S. belgiaria from Aug., heath
S. plumaria heath
F. atomaria ...from July, Centaurea,
trefoils, &c.
„ pinetaria bilberry
S. dealbata from Sept., grasses
A. strigillaria ...from Aug., heath,
broom ; found at night on heaths,
&c.
„ gilvaria from Sept., Achillea
millefolium, &c.
A. grossulariata... gooseberry, currant,
sloe, &c.
P. hippocastanaria from Sept., heath
H. rupicapraria...oak, hawthorn, sloe
„ leucophearia...oak, maple. Vary
very much
„ progemmaria oak, birch, horn-
beam, nut
,, defoliaria oak, nut, sloe, haw-
thorn, birch, elm, lime, &c.
A. asscularia oak, elm, lime, sloe,
hawthorn, horse chestnut, apple,
privet, &c.
C. brumata oak, and other trees
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
MAY
O. dilutata oak, and other trees E.
L. didymata Chgerophyllum tern- C.
ulum, cowslip, &c.
„ csesiata, b. ...from Sept., bilberry,
whortleberry, heath; prefers the
fi. T.
„ ruficinctata ...Saxifragagranulata,
and S. hypnoides ; has been D,
also found on fruit trees, pepper- C.
mint, and sage
E. nanata from Aug. , heath, fl. P.
„ minutata from Aug., heath, fl.,
scabious ; s. a cannibal „
,, subciliata, b. maple
„ sobrinata juniper
„ rectangulata... apple, and crab,
buds, and fl. C.
„ debiliata whortleberry, in
curled-up leaves P.
T. variata Scotch fir, larch, &c.
,, firmata larch, and Scotch fir D.
Y. elutata, e from Oct., nut, sal- C.
low, bilberry, alder ; hides
among the seed-down of sallow B.
M. rubiginata ...alder
C. quadrifasciaria hawthorn, white
dead nettle, knapweed, and low
plants
P. lapidata ? will eat cle-
matis „
S. vetulata buckthorn; between
the leaves L.
„ rhamnata buckthorn, birch;
between united leaves |t
C. immanata ...strawberry, bilberry,
alder, birch, &c.
„ prunata currant, gooseberry, „
sloe, &c.
„ testata birch, sallow, poplar
,i populata bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar, sallow „
„ fulvata dog rose
„ pyraliata Galium, and haw-
thorn
„ dotata .. black, & red currant „
E. mseniaria broom
ft palumbaria ...Genista, broom,
heath, clover T.
„ bipunctaria ...from Oct., trefoil,
clover, &c.
lineolata, s. ...Galium verum
spartiata, e. ...broom; feeds soli-
tarily under the leaves, in which
it makes holes. Is a cannibal
in confinement
chserophyllata Anthriscus sylves-
tris, and Bunium flexuosum fl.
sicula oak, birch, lime
spinula hawthorn, sloe,
mountain ash
Cassinea oak ; s. sallow, lime,
elm ; grips its food-plant tightly
nubeculosa ...birch; is difficult to
rearin-confinement; stale, dryish
food is stated to afford the best
chance of success
curtula poplars, sallow ;
webbed in the leaves
plumigera, e. maple ; will also eat
sycamore [apple
caeruleocephala hawthorn, sloe,
diluta oak, birch ; between
leaves
glandifera ...from Sept., lichens,
on walls. (See last month.)
Towards the end of this month
glandifera and perla are full-
fed, and spin up in a crevice,
or in the larva cocoon
perla from Sept. , lichens,
on walls
...couch, and other
conigera . .
grasses
lithargyria
plantain,
..grasses, chick weed,
&c. ; may be found
feeding at night
littoralis, b. ...from Aug., Ammo-
phila arundinacea, on the coast.
Barrows 6in. or yin. in the sand.
Will also eat Carex
impura from Oct., Dactylis
glomerata ; may be found at
night, feeding on the grass-
blades
phragmitidis from Aug., in the
young stems of common reed ;
in marshes and fens
elymi, m Elymus arenarius,
on the coast ; may be shaken
out of the plant
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
49
LARVJE]
N. fulva Poa aquatica, and
Carex, in the stems ; in damp
woods and fens
,, neurica common reed, in
the stems; a small hole is visible
in the stem of the plant tenanted
by a larva
„ geminipuncta common reed, in the
stems. Holes covered with silk
from within are visible on stems
containing larvse
„ cannoe on Typha latifolia
„ lutosa from (Jet , in steins
of common reed, •below the
ground
G. flavago marsh, and other
thistles, burdock, alder, fox-
glove, &c.
H. nictitans at r. of Tussilago,
Cyperacese, &c.
„ micacea at base of leaves of
Carex, and inside stems and r.
of Equisetum, dock, &c.
X. lithoxylea at r. of grass, and
other plants
„ polyodon low plants
„ scolopacina ..wood rushes, and
grasses
H. popalaris at r. of grasses
L. cespitis grasses. Hides
among the r. by day
M. abjecta at r. of couch grass;
the species generally occurs
on the coast, and in confine-
ment the food -plant should be
sprinkled with salt water
„ brassicse cabbage, clock, Che-
nopodium, and chrysanthemum;
eats into the heart of cabbages
A. gemina from Aug., grasses ;
hides at r. by day
„ fibrosa in fl.-stemsof yellow
flag
,, oculea in stems of Dactylis
glomerata, and other grass
M. literosa slender foxtail grass
„ furuncula in stems of Festuca,
and slender foxtail gra<s
„ arcuosa Aira cespitosa, at
the crown of the root
MAY
C. Haworthii ... Eriphorum vagi-
natum
G. trilinea greater plantain, and
other plants ; hides amcng the
r. by day
A. valligera from Oct., at r. of
grasses, mostly on the ccast
„ suffusa at r. of grass, lettuce,
radish, spimch, &c.
„ saucia low plants
„ exJamationis from Sept., at r. of
cabbage, turnips, &c.
,, corticea, b. ...from Sept., Cheno-
podium album, and other plants
„ cinerea from Sept., at r. of
low plants
„ cursoria Euphorbia esula,
sand wort, sea violet, &c.
,, nigricans plantain, clover, &c.
„ aquilina plantain, cliickweed,
cabbage, poppy, bedstraw,
clover, &c.
„ obelisca Galium verum, and
low plants
„ agathina ... ) heath, found at night
„ porphyrea \ on heaths, or moors
„ prsecox sea-side sand wort,
sea violet, chick weed, and other
low plants on the coast ; also
Salix repens, and other dwarf
willows. May be traced, and
dug up in the sand, in which it
burrows 7 or 8 in.
„ ravida at roots of thistle,
dandelion, &c.
„ Ashworthii ...fiom Oct., fescue
grass, hawkweed, sun cistus,
thyme, heath, harebell, &c.
T. ianthina from Aug , broom,
chickweed, and other low plants
„ fimbria from Oct., birch,
oak, sallow, broom, primrose ;
may be found at night feeding
on primrose fl.
„ orbona from Aug., broom,
and low plants
„ pronuba from Aug., dock,
and other plants
N. depuncta sorrel, and other
low plants
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
MAY
N. augur from August, low O.
plants, hawthorn, sallow, &c. A.
,, ditrapezium ...low plants &c.] „
„ triangulum, b. sallow, bramble,
„ rhomboidea...from Sept., chick-
weed, when young, afterwards
on sallow, hawthorn „
,, brunnea sallow
,, festiva from Aug., violet,
sallow, foxglove, &c. „
,, conflua from Aug., Silene
acaulis, and many other plants
„ Dahlii from Sept., low plants; C.
found at night on heaths, &c.
„ subrosea M y rica gale, sallow
„ umbrosa from Sept., dock, „
and other low plants S.
„ baia low plants
„ neglecta from Oct., heath,
birch, sallow, and low plants ; D.
found at night on heaths, &c.
„ xanthographa from Oct., plantain, H,
&c. ; hides under stones, &c. X.
T. gothica sallow, hawthorn, „
oak, &c., also dock, nettle,
laurel, broom, lilac, &c.
„ rubricosa dock
„ instabilis sloe, sallow, willow,
oak, dock, and other low plants
„ opima willow, sallow, rose
„ populeti poplars, especially
Populus nigra ; between united
leaves [&c.
,, stabilis oak, elm, hawthorn, (l
„ gracilis willow, sallow, low
plants „
„ miniosa oak, and birch, „
when young, then hawthorn,
and low plants C.
„ munda oak, elm, poplar;
hides in the bark crevices, and
under detached pieces
„ crucla oak, nut, sallow;
also other caterpillars
O. suspecta birch, poplar
,, upsilon willow, poplar; hides
under loose bark, or grass at
the r.
„ lota willow, sallow; hides
in the bark crevices
macilenta beech, birch
rufina oak
pistacina buttercups, dock,
&c. Spins a tight, neat earthen
cocoon, in which it remains
some weeks before pupation
litura meadow sweet, and
other low plants ; also oak,
willow, alder
lunosa, b from Oct., grasses
in elevated places ; concealed
under stones
spadicea sloe, hawthorn, and
honeysuckle, when young; later
on various low plants
erythrocephala low plants
satellitia oak, &c., between
the leaves ; also other cater-
pillars
rubiginea apple, plum, dan-
delion, and other low plants
croceago oak
citrago lime
cerago sallows, when young;
later on low plants. Larvae
feeding on Salix capreae and S.
aurita, Mr. Gregson says, almost
always produce the typical
species ; while those which feed
upon the catkins and leaves of
S. viminalis often produce the
lemon-coloured variety and its
variations
aurago beech; hides in the
chinks of the bark
gilvago wytch elm (seeds)
ferrbginea ...sallow, Populus tre-
mula (buds), wytch elm (seeds)
xerampelina, b. from Dec., on
ash; may be found at dusk,
crawling up ash trunks ; con-
cealed in chinks of bark, and
among grass at the base of the
tree, during the day. Towards
the middle or end of the month,
having become full-fed, the
larva spins under ground a very
neat and compact boat-like co-
coon, in which it remains some
time before changing to a pupa
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
51
LARV.E]
MAY
T. subtusa poplar, between the A
leaves
„ retusa, e sallow, poplar, wil- H
low ; between the leaves. The ,,
skin is very delicate,' so that the „
lines look as if raised ; head
small, yellowish green, or black- C.
ish brown. These characters
distinguish it from E. viminalis, C.
which it otherwise resembles
D. oo oak; between united „
leaves
C. trapezina oak, birch, horn-
beam, &c. ; also 'other cater-
pillars X
,, pyralina pear, plum, &c. ;
between united leaves „
„ diffinis ) elm; between united „
,, affinis ) leaves ,,
E. ochroleuca ...Dactylis glomerata C.
D. capsophila ...Silene maritima, &
S. inflata (seeds)
P. chi hawthorn, sallow, A.
hawkweed, dock, Sonchus, A.
lettuce, tea tree, &c.
D. templi Heracleum sphon-
dylium, inside the stem and root P.
E. nigra Galium mollugo,
plantain, grass „
„ viminalis sallow. Occurs with
T. retusa, which it resembles, „
but the head is pale grey, with
the lobes outlined in black ;
the lines more sharply denned, tf
and two pairs of whitish dots on (l
the back of each segment A.
„ lichenea from Nov. , ragwort,
and various low "plants, on the „
coast
V. oleagina sloe, in shady places, M.
and skirts of woods
M. bimaculosa ...elm T.
„ oxyacanthas... hawthorn, sloe C.
A. Aprilina oak
P. empyrea from Nov., pile-
wort, £c.
A. occult a primrose, plantain,
and other low plants „
„ nebulosa from Oct., sallow, „
hawthorn, birch, &c. E.
£ 2
tincta from Sept., birch,
grass, and low plants
. protea oak
dentina roots of dandelion
peregrina Chenopodium, and
ijalsola kali
solidaginis ...bilberry; will also
eat hawthorn
vetusta poplar, and various
meadow and marsh plants
exoleta scabious, campion,
rest harrow, dock, Eryngium
maritimum, turnip, asparagus,
&c.
Lambda (Zinckenii) Myricagale;
on moors
furcifera alder, birch
rhizolitha oak
petrificata, e. oak. lime, birch
chamomillae...chamomile, fl., Py-
rethrum inodorum, and P.
maritimum
myrlilli, s. ...from Oct., heath
luctuosa small convolvulus;
feeds by night, chiefly on the
fl.-buds
bractea Eupatorium canna-
binum
festucse Carex, reeds, and
grasses, near the sea
iota nettle, dead nettle,
honeysuckle, groundsel, &c. ;
may be easily found at night
v-aureum nettle, &c.
interrogationis nettle
pyramidea ...oak, elm, birch,
willow
tragopogonis hawthorn, larkspur,
and low plants
maura from Sept., dock,
chickweed, ivy, &c.
pastinum Vicia cracca
nupta Salix fragilis, and
poplar; hides under bnrk during
the day; may be found at night
crawling up the tree trunks to
feed
promissa oak
sponsa oak
mi Melilotus
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LAUVJE]
MAY
E. glypbica Dutch, or white C,
clover
R. sericealis on ? Probably ,,
various low plants „
H. derivalis from Aug., Carex „
sylvatica, and l.uzula pPosa C.
A. flexula lichen,inhedges,&c. ,,
O. dentalis in stems of Echium S.
vulg"»re, on the coast ; the plants ,,
look sickly when infested A,
P. glaucinalis .. in nest-like forma-
tions on the end of birch twigs
A. cuprealis on ? I.
C. angustalis moss, on sea shores
E. flammealis ...heaih H
C. lemnalis aquatic, in a case E.
filled with air, feeding beneath „
the fronds of duckweed; if bred
must be kept in water P.
H. nymphcealis .. aquatic, in a flat „
case, under the leaves of yellow „
water-lily, and Potamogeton
pectinatus
stagnalis
geton
flavalis ?
verticalis
leaves
terrealis
..aquatic, on Potamo-
..Galium verum?
..nettle, between the
..from July, golden
rod, fl., &c.
E. crocealis Inula dysenterica,
between the leaves
M. unionalis? ..privet? successive
broods
S. lutealis coltsfoot, &c.
olivalis ...ground ivy, and
other low plants, in a web under
the leaves
„ prunalis sloe, and low plants
S. ambigualis ...moss
cembrse the mosses Hypnus
elegans, and Jungermanniadila-
tata
„ muraiia the mosses Grimmea
])ulvinata, JJryum capilare, &c.
C. verellus? moss on trees, &c.
falsellus the moss growing
on walls and rocks, Grimmea
pulvinata, &c.
, myellus? moss, on stones
R.
inquinatellus moss (Barbula mu-
ralis on the Continent)
chr\ sonuchellus ? Festuca ovina
hortuellus moss
paludellus ...Tjpha lalifolia
cicatricdlus ..bullrush
phragmitellus from Oct., reed
forficellus Poa aquatica
g:gaivellus ...common reed
lotella in the stem and r.
of Festuca ovina, and Aira
canescens, in a silken tube
carnella Lotus corniculatus,
fl.
bincevella, e. in heads of this'les
pinguis under bark of ash
cinercsella? .. Artemesia campes-
tris, and A. vulgaris ?
betulella birch
dilutella thyme
subornatella... thyme (Zeller), Glo-
bularia vulgaris (Herr Mann);
between the leaves
obductella ...in spun-up leaves of
Origanum vulgare, Mentha
arvensis, Melissa acinos
roborella oak
consociella ...oak
..hawthorn
..on stunted sloe
,, advenella
„ marmorea
bushes
„ suavella sloe
„ tumidella oak
G. cerella wax in beehives
O. ahenella under the radical
leaves of Helianthemum vulgare
M. alveariella .. from Oct., wax in
beehives
H. quercana...
S. Revayana
T. pod ana
.oak
...sallow (?)
. . . rose, fruit trees, oak,
&c.
piceana
cratsegana
xylosteana
....fir
...oak (?)
...fruit trees, oak,
honeysuckle, &c.
sorbiana birch, alder, nut, oak
rosana almost any plant
dumetana low plants
diversana polyphagous on trees
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
53
LAEVJE]
MAY
T. cinnamomeana beech, larch, &c. P.
„ heparana hawthorn, &c. ,,
,, ribeana hawthorn, and al-
most any tree „
,, corylana nut, plane, dogwood,
&c.
„ unifascana ...hawthorn, &c. A.
„ semialbana ...Iris germanica,
honeysuckle, beech, &c. S.
„ costana figwort, willow „
herbs, and other marsh plants „
„ viburnana- ...Myrica gale, and
Vacc'nium „
„ icterana knapweed, plantain, ,,
and almost any low plant
„ viridana oak, birch, £c. ,,
„ Brand eriana... aspen, poplar ,,
„ gnomana poly phagous on trees
D. Grotiana? ...oak? „
A. Gerningiana sea pink, asphodel, „
£c.
L. Boscana .... .elm P.
P. permutana?...Rosa spinosissima A.
,, maccana Myrica gale S.
„ ferrugana birch, oak S.
„ aspersana Potentilla, meadow
sweet „
„ Shepherdana hemp agrimony, and
meadow sweet
„ comariana ...Comarum,Fragaria, M.
&c., in boggy heaths and „
fens
T. cauclana willow, sallow, pop- E.
lars
„ contain inana sloe, hawthorn, &c. E.
D. lorquiniana ...Lythrum, in fens, C.
£c.
„ Loeflingiana...oak S.
„ Holmiana ...hawthorn, rose, &c.; „
folded leaves „
„ Bergmanniana ro^e ; folded leaves
„ Foskaleana ...maple, lime „
P. Lecheana sallow, willow, elm,
honeysuckle, oak, &c. S.
D. Hartmanniana willow, £c. B.
„ semifasciana sallows P.
P. picana, e. ...birch, sallow shoots ,,
„ sororculana ...birch G.
„ caprseana sallow „
„ pruniana sloe
ochroleucana rose
cynosbnna . . .sloe, rose, hawthorn,
and fruit trees
gentianana ...from Nov., in teazle
heads
carbonaua ...(fuligana) Starhys
salicana . ...sallow, willow, pop-
lar ; in folded leaves
lariciana larch
ocellana alder
aceriana poplar; in the young
shoots and bark
dealbana poplar, sallow
neglectana ...bark of willow, and
poplar
simplana aspen
incarnatana. e. Rosa spinosissima,
on the coast
suffusana, e. hawthorn
rosnscolana, e. rose
roborana rose
tripunctana ...sloe, &c.
Udmanniana bramble
achatana hawthorn
latifasciana ... under moss, on
trees
littorana
lacunana
urticaria
..sea pink
..various low plants
..various low plants
Schulziana? Pin us sylvestris
Ratzeburgiana spruce fir, terminal
shoots, and needles
arbutana Arctostaphylos uva-
ursi
quadrana? ...Scabiosa arvensis
cinctana ? Anthyllis vulneraria
politana polyphagous
subjectana ...various plants
virgaureana... various plants
Wahlbomiana polyphagous, like
all the genus
abrasana ? ... Achilleamillefolium,
£c.
ictericana almost any low plant
uliginosana ..Lythrum salicaria
inornatana . . . ?
Icetana aspen
minutana black poplar
trimaculana...elm
nse vana in holly shoots
54
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^I]
MAY
G. geminana ...in shoots of Vacci-
nium
H. cruciana in sallow and willow
shoots
B. angustiorana yew
P. corticana hawthorn
„ profundana ...oak
„ ophthalmicana white poplar
„ sordidana alder
E. bimaculana ...alder, birch
„ cirsiana from Sept., in thistle
and knapweed stems, in woods
,, Pfulgiana from Sept. , in thistle
and knapweed stems, in open
places; the piece of stem con-
taining the larvae may be cut
off above and below the en-
trance-hole, and kept in damp
sand
„ turbidana roots of butter-burr?
„ foeniana from Oct., in r. of
Artemesia
„ signatana Cerasus padus
„ grandaevana (?) in r. of Petasites, &
Tussilago
,, populana sallows
O. ulmana? bilberry
S. spiniana? .. . hawthorn, sloe
C. Hercy niana... spruce fir
„ ustomaculana Vaccinium
P. mercuriana ...Dryas octopetala
R. Buoliana Scotch fir
„ pinicolana ...inshootsof Scotch fir
„ sylvestrana .. in shoots of Scotch fir
S. regiana under sycamore bark
D. politana r. of Achillea mille-
folium
„ alpinana (?) ...tansy r. (?)
„ Petiverana ...r. of Achillea mille-
folium
„ acuminatana ox eye
„ simpliciana ...Artemesia
„ consortana ...shoots of chrysan-
themum
C. hypericana ...tops of hypericum
„ maritimana ...Artemesia maritima
S. vibrana Carduus acanthoides,
and C. crispus
E. dubitana Hieracium, fl., and
other Composite
E. ambiguana ..in fl.-buds of vine?
„ angustana ...heath
„ veciisana Plantago maritima
X. hamana has been bred from
On on is repens
A. zephyrana ...in stems and r. of
Eryngium maritimum
C. Francillonana from Oct., in stems
of wild carrot
T. pubicornella on ?nearGrass-
ington, Yorks
„ pseudo-bombycella from October,
lichen, on oak, beech, &c. ; in a
long slender case
THE PSYCHE. — If a sharp look-
out is kept in likely localities, the case-
bearing larvse of some of the genus
Psyche may be found, though the per-
fect insect is rarely met with. Mr. R.
MITFORD, of Hampstead, who has
added much to our knowledge of the
English members of this unsatisfactory
group, writes to me of them as fol-
lows:— They have had here few friends,
and in our List we have one or two
which do not agree with Bruand's
description of the insects. With the
exception of a few of the species, it
is utterly impossible to give the food-
plant, as many of them are not found
until they are crawling up tree-trunks,-
&c., to spin up, and others which may
be found feeding on leaf or lichen on
one tree or plant, will readily accom-
modate themselves to anything else
that falls in their way ; yet 1 have
found that nearly all the species I find
at Hampstead prefer the buckthorn
bushes, particularly when in blossom,
to anything else, whether for leaf,
blossom, or lichen, I know not, but
they will eat all the three. I have
found all these insects the easiest
things to rear in existence.
P. villosella (nigricans) e. grasses,
heath, furze, &c. ; New Forest,
&c. Probably 2 years feeding
up. This, and other low-plant
feeding case- bearers, may be
obtained by sweeping, or beating
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
55
LARV^I]
MAY
P. opacella, e. ...grass, heath, furze,
£c. ; has been found on fallen
firs ; New Forest, Witherslack,
Rannoch. Probably 2 years
feeding up
„ calvella (fusca) from Aug., on
bramble ; 2 years feeding up
„ salicolella ?
„ betulinella (anicanella) buckthorn
„ pullella grass, on heaths
,, intermediella ? Black Park,
Virginia Water, &c.
„ roboricolella on trunks, and
stones, and short grass, among
Scotch fir
„ crassiorella ... ?
„ reticella ?
Verhuellella seed-fronds of As-
plenium ruta-muraria and harts-
tongue
marginepunctella in a case, on
trees, &c.
melanella lichens, in a case,
on trees, and palings
Birdella
grass
choragella
emortuella
beam
arcuatella.
granella .
cloacella .
, . . . probably among hay
...in fungi
...in fungi,
horn-
.in fungi
. among grain
.in rotten wood
arcella in rotten wood
fulvimitreila in fungi, and rotten
birch stumps
albipunctella rotten sticks
caprimulgella in rotten wood
pellionella ...in carpets, cloth,
feathers, £c.
pallescentella in rabbit, hare, and
cat skins
ganomella ...from Oct., in birds'
nests
biseliella from Oct., in bird
skins, hair seating, &c. ; all the
year round
nigripunctella in a case, on old
fences
semifulvella ...from Nov., in birds'
nests, feeding en wool
T. perochraceella ants' nests
L. quaclripunctella in shoots of roses
„ praslatella from Sept., in a flat
case, on underside of wild straw-
berry
„ rubiella in shoots of rasp-
be ny
canariella Rosa spinosissima
. fastuosella ...nut
Schiffermillerella? marsh mallow
II
minimella ...ox eye, fl.
plumbella ...spindle
padella hawthorn, apple,
&c.
cognatella ...apple and spindle
evonymella ...Prunus padus
Curtisella in shoots and young
stems of ash
Messingiella Cardamine amara
xylostella turnip, £c.
porrectella ...Barbara vulgaris,
Hesperis matronalis
sequella sycamore
vittella elm, beech, &c.
radiatella oak
ccstella oak
asperella apple
scabrella ...apple, hawthorn
nemorella ...honeysuckle
harpella honeysuckle
quercella oak, and between
leaves of sallow
Allisella Artemesia vulgaris,
terminal shoots
costosella furze, Genista an-
glica, and broom, fl.
pallorella in leaves of Cen-
taurea scabiosa
assimilella ...broom
nanatella carline thistle
atomella Genista anglica, G.
tinctoria, broom
arenella Anthriscus, thistles,
and knapweed
propinquella thistle
Alstrcemeriella hemlock
hypericella ...hypericum
carduella thistle
ocellella sallow
rotundella .. wild carrot
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
MAY
cnicella in Eryngium mari-
timum, and E. campestris, on
the Continent
Douglasella ...wild carrot
Weirella Anthriscus
chcerophyllivorella, e. Chcerophyl-
lum
rufescentella in grasses
populella sallow shoots
nigra on Populus nigra,
and P. tremula
lentiginosella Genista
mulinella furze and broom, fl.
sororculella ...dwarf sallow
pel iella Rumex acetosella,
in leaves near the stem
viscariella ...Lychnis shoots
affinella under moss, on old
walls
basaltinella ? moss ?
vulgella hawthorn; between
united leaves
fugitivella nut, elm, maple
muscosella ...on poplars, and sal-
lows
fraternella ...in seeds, and shoots
of Stellaria uliginosa
leucomelanella Silene maritima,
shoots
maculiferella Cerastium semide-
candrum
vicinella Silene maritima
marmorella ...chickweed, on sand
hills
instabilella ...Plantago mavitima
ocellatella ...Beta maritima, fl.
atriplicella ...Atriplex, and Chen-
opodium
sequacella . . .in shoots of sun cistus
leucatella hawthorn, apple,
mountain ash
nanella pear, fl.
Mouffetella ...in shoots of honey-
suck 'e
dodecella in shoots of fir
ligulella on Lotus cornicu-
latus
tseniolella Lotus corniculatus,
and other Leguminosse, between
united leaves
G. coronillclla ...Coronilla varia; be-
tween uni'ed leaves
„ atrella in Hypericum stems
„ confin's on moss, en old
walls
„ gemmella lichens, on oak
„ pictella chickweeJ, on sand
hills
„ sangiella in Lotus cornicu-
latus
„ pinguinella ...in leaves of poplar;
pupates under the bark
P. neuropttrella from Oct., in heads
of Cirsium acaule
A. spartiella furze
„ genistella Genista tinctoria,
and broom
M. marginella ...juniper
„ juniperella ...juniper
A. palpella lichens, and rotten
wood
N. verbascella ...nr. Norwich, among
Verbascum pulverulentum
S. humerella Artemesia campes-
tris ; between united leaves
P. bicostella from Nov., Erica
cinerea
H. Christiernella Polygala
D. sulphurella ...in rotten wood
„ oliviella? decayed wood
CE. augustella? bark of trees
„ tinctella? decayed wood
CE. fusco-aurella in dead sticks
B. senescentella thyme
„ cicadella, e. ...among r. of Scleran-
thus perennis, and S. annuus
„ chenopodiella Chenopodium, and
Atriplex
G. thrasonella ? in stems of rush ?
„ equitella in shoots of Sedum
acre
„ schncenicolella in seed-heads of
Schcenus nigricans
A. ephippella ...wild cherry, in the
shoots
„ nitidella in hawthorn shoots
„ spiniella in mountain ash
„ albistriella ...sloe, in the shoots
„ semifuscella, birch, mountain ash,
sloe shoots
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
57
LARV.E]
MAY
A. mendicella ...sloe shoots
„ retinella birch
„ dilectclla juniper shoots
,, ar.dereggiella wild apple
„ curvella apple shoots
„ sorbiella mountain ash shoots
,, pygmrella in sallow catkins,
and shoots
Z. saxiiYagae, e. Saxirragaazoides,&c.
G. elongella in rolled alder, and
birch leaves
„ ononiel la rest harrow & clover
G. atriplicivorella from Sept., in
Atriplex
C. alcyonipennella Centaurea, bur-
dock, and thistles
„ Wockeella ...Stachys betonica
,r ochreella sun cistus
„ salicornella ...from Oct., Sali-
cornia, in the stems
,, vibicella Genista tinctoria
,, conspicuella.. Centaurea nigra, &c.
,, pyrrhulipennella heath
„ anatipennella sloe
,, palliatella oak, sallow, &c.
,, ibipennella ...birch
„ currucipennella oak. sallow
„ discordella ...Lotus corniculatus
„ saturatella ...from Sept., broom
„ onosmella ...Echium vulgare
,, troglodytella Inula dyscnterica,
Eupatorium cannabinum
„ lineolella Ballota nigra
,, murinipennella rushes
„ caespititiclla...from Sept., rushes;
seeds
„ salinella from Oct., Atriplex
portulacoides
,, hemerobiella plum, pear, cherry;
in a case on the leaves
„ juncicolella ,..from Oct., heath
,, laricella from Sept., larch
„ albitarsella ...from Nov., Ori-
ganum, and Glechoma
„ ni^ricella hawthorn, sloe, apple
„ fuscocuprella from Sept., elm,
alder, birch
ii gryphipennella from Sept., rose
„ viminete.la ...from Sept., sallow,
and osier
C. olivaceella ...Stellaria holostea,
Cerastium vulgatum, and C.
arvense
„ solitaritlla ...from Oct., Stellaria
holostea
,, artemisicolella from Aug., fl. of
Artemesia vulgaris, and A.
cam pest ris
,, graminicolella? Lychnis fioscuculi?
,, lutipennella...oak, birch
„ badiipennella elm, ash
,, limosipennella elm
„ chalcogramrnella Cerastium
arvense
„ bicolorella?... alder
B. prseangustella poplar, willow; be-
tween united leaves
O. v-flavella in fungi, and wine
corks
C. Illigerella ...^Egopodium poda-
graria, in crumpled leaves
L. palucl icolella Epilobium hirsutum
„ lacteella Epilobium hirsutum
„ conturbatella Epilobium angusti-
folium, among terminal leaves
,, Raschkiella ...Epilobium angusti-
folium
„ ochraceella ...Epilobium hirsutum,
in stem and r.
„ phragmitella Typha latifolia, heads
„ rhamniella ...buckthorn
C. Schrankella...in Epilobium alsini-
folium
E. Gleichenella in Luzula.and Carex
„ magnificella ...Luzula pilosa
„ albifrontella...in many grasses
„ atricomella ...in stems of Dactylis
glomerata
„ luticomella ...in stems of Dactylis
glomerata
,/ cinereopunctella from Sept., in
Carex glauca
„ trapeziella ...from Oct., in Luzula
pilosa ; examine the under-side
of the leaves
„ perplexella ...in Aira coespitosa
„ tseniatella ...from Sept., in Brachy-
podium sylvaticum
„ megerlella ...from Sept., in Brachy-
podium, Bromus, Aira, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^I]
MAY
E. adscitalla in Sesleria cserulea,
and Aira caespitosa
„ rhyncosporella in Eriphorum, and
Car ex
„ eleochariella...in Eriphorum, and
Carex
„ biatomella ...in Carex glauca
„ triatomella ...in a fine grass
„ pollinariella...Brachypodium syl-
vaticum
„ cygnipennella Dactylis glomerata,
and other grasses
T. dodon^ella from Oct., in oak
L. quinqueguttella in dwarf sallows
„ vacciniella ...in whortleberry
L. Clerckella ...in sloe, apple,
cherry, hawthorn, &c.
C. spartifoliella under bark of broom
„ Wailesella ...in Genista tinctoria
O. auritella in fl. stalks of Caltha
palustris
B. aurimaculella on Chrysanthemum,
and ox eye
„ maritimella ...Tripolium vulgare
„ cristatella on yarrow
„ artemisiella... Artemisia campestris,
and yarrow
T. immundella . . . under bark of broom
A. Bennetii Statice limonium
P. Bertrami Achillea millefolium,
and A. ptarmica
„ ochrodactylus yarrow shoots
„ isodactylus ...in shoots and stems
of Senecio aquaticus, &c.
„ Zetterstedtii? in steins of Senecio
sylvaticus
•„ parvidactylus thyme, and Hiera-
cium pilosella
,, phseodactylus rest harrow
„ serotinus Galium mollugo
„ plagiodactylus Scabiosa, and Ve-
ronica chamaedrys
„ lithodactylus Inula dysenterica, &
I. conyza
„ tephradactylus from Sept., golden
rod ; in shady places
„ galactodactylus burdock
„ spilodactylus Marrubium vulgare
„ tetradactylus thyme
,, pentadactylus convolvulus, &c.
„ dichrodactylus tansy
„ Lienigianus, e. Artemisia vulgaris
„ brachydactylus Lactuca muralis, &c.
fr baliodactylus Origanum vulgare
„ aridus on the Continent on
fl. buds of Coris monspeliensis
PUPJE]
Although the practice of searching for pupoe has never been recommended
during the summer months, the number of kinds, as proved by the subjoined
list, shows that it should not be omitted from our programme, at least when
we are in quest of any particular species, or when circumstances prevent our
following out any other plan of operations.
M. Athalia, e. ...suspended, among S. myopoeformis in wood of branches
and trunks of apple, and pear
trees
culiciformis ...in stumps of felled
birch
formicseformis in withy stumps.
Pupae of clear-wings are best
plantain, &c.
S. Megsera, b. ...on grass stems, &c.
L. Alexis, b. ...under stones, &c.
„ Adonis, m. ...sub. at, or among
Hippocrepis comosa
S. populi sub., atr. of poplar,
willow, &c.
„ tilise sub., at elm, lime,
beech
C. porcellus sub., near Galium
„ elpenor sub., near willow
herb, &c.
sawn out of the wood
cynipiformis in oak stumps
muscseformis in the heart of
withered plants of sea pink
tipuliformis ...in wood of currant
bushes
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
59
PUP.E] MAY
S. sphegiformis in r., branch, or twig
of alder
„ asiliformis ...in r. or stem of ash,
or poplar
,, bembeciformis in stem, or branch
of poplar, osier, or sallow
,, apiformis, b. in r., or base of trunk
of poplar
M. arundinis ..inside reed stem,
which the pupa can traverse, by
means of its hooks
C. ligniperda ...at various trees,
spun up, under bark ; s. sub.
H. lupulinus at r. of dead nettles,
&c. ; in a long cocoon, like a
gallery, which it can traverse,
by means of its hooks
„ velleda at r. of brake fern;
spun up amongst loose soil
L. asellus spun up, on a leaf
N. cucullatella...on twigs, and bark
of hawthorn, and sloe
„ confusalis on bark of oak
S. irrorella in a slight web,
under stones, oyster, cockle,
mussel shells, &c. , on the coast,
just above the tide-mark
L. aureola under moss, on lichen-
covered larch, oak, &c.
,, deplana on lichen-covered
yew, spruce fir, oak, beech
„ lurideola on lichen-covered
trees, and old walls
C. plantaginis ...spun up, between
leaves of violets, plantain, &c.
,, villica spun up, about low
plants
A. fuliginosa ...in a boat-shaped
cocoon, on food-plant
,, Aibricipeda ...spun up, on trees,
palings, &c.
„ menthrasti ...spun up, on trees,
palings, &c.
„ urticse under moss, on trees
L. salicis between leaves of
willow, poplar, &c. ; under bark
and copings, and on palings, &c.
B. rubi in a long, loose
cocoon, among food-plant
A. prunaria amidst folded leaves
E. fasciaria ...... at base of Scotch
firs ; rarely within 2 feet of the
tree, at i£ to 2 inches deep
.under moss, on oak,
to March, sub., on
E. dolobraria .
&c.
N. zonaria
sand-hills
B. repandata ... ) e. spun up, in
(l rhomboidaria \ loose cocoon
,, abietaria, e. in cocoon, about larch
(l roboraria ...... at oak, in slight
cocoon ; s. sub.
„ consortaria ...under moss, on oak
I. lactearia ...... spun up, among leaves
of oak, or birch
P. baiularia ..... spun up, in a loose
net- work, on underside of oak
twigs
H. thymiaria ...in loose cocoon,
amongst leaves
E. porata ........ fastened to leaf of oak
E. heparata ...... at alder; on the sur-
face
A. bisetata ..... in slight cocoon, at
base of leaves of dandelion
„ trigeminata ...in loose cocoon
„ promutata ...
„ fumata .........
„ aversata ......
C. exanthemaria spun up, under leaves
of sallow, and alder
S. belgiaria ...... among heath, in a
slight cocoon, on the ground
S. dealbata ...... in shuttle - shaped
cocoon, on grass stem
A. ononaria ...... among, or near rest
harrow, on the surface
A. strigillaria, e. in a web among
heath, or broom
L. csesiata, e. ...in a slight web,
among leaves of bilberry, whor-
tleberry, or heath; on mountain-
ous heaths
„ olivata ......... among Galium mol-
lugo, in a slight cocoon, on the
surface of the soil, under a leaf,
or stem
E. unifasciata ...from May, among,
or near Odontites rubra; s. re-
mains several years in pupa
6o
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
MAY
E. isogrammata about Clematis N.
vitalba
„ nanata about heath
„ minutata about heath „
„ rectangulata...on apple, and crab;
under moss, and loose bark „
M. ocellata in cocoon, amongst
Galium ; near the ground
M. galiata sub., near Galium „
A. sinuata on the ground, in
earthen cocoon, among Galium „
C. picata from Sept., in a T.
slight cocoon, on the surface,
among, or near chickweed C.
„ sagittata spun up, about Tha-
lictrum, or on the ground near;
in fens D.
„ russata spun up, on leaf of
strawberry, birch, hawthorn,
sallow, &c. A.
„ populata spun up, about bil-
berry, &c.
„ fulvata about dog rose ,,
E. palumbaria ...in compact cocoon,
among broom, &c. „
P. falcula birch, &c. ; between
united leaves . .
„ hamula oak, birch ; between ,,
united leaves
„ unguicula among beech leaves,
in a slight web, or on the ground
D. furcula spun up, on trunk of „
willow, or sallow
„ vinula spun up, on trunk of
willows, poplars, or sallow ,r
S. fagi spun up, at beech,
oak, birch, elm ; among leaves,
or at r. „
P. bucephala ..sub., at various trees
C. reclusa spun up, among dead L.
leaves of sallows, poplars, wil- „
lows
P. palpina at willows, and pop-
lars, on edges of streams, in A.
cocoon on the ground, or under X.
sods
N. camelina at various trees, in a „
slight cocoon
„ cucullina at maple, and syca- D.
more, under moss, &c.
dictasa in large cocoon, at
poplars, sallows, and willows,
under a leaf, or sod
dictoeoides ...in a slight cocoon,
at birch, under a leaf, &c.
dromerlarius in a slight cocoon,
at birch, alder, nut, under a
leaf, cScc.
ziczac at poplars, sallow,
willows, in a slight cocoon
Dodonea sub., at oak, or birch
batis near bramble, and
wild raspberry,
duplaris between united birch
leaves
fluctuosa among birch leaves
Orion at birch, and oak;
in a cocoon of gnawed bark,
or rotten wood
tridens spun up, in crevices
of bark, at hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
psi in bark crevices of
various trees
leporina in excavations in the
bark of birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
aceris spun up, among fal-
len leaves, and under loose bark
of sycamore, horse-chestnut,
maple, birch, and s. oak
strigosa amongst dead leaves
of hawthorn, or rubbish, or
decayed wood ; s. sub.
ligustri spun up, under
moss, stones. &c., near ash, and
privet ; also sub.
rumicis spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c.
lithargyria ...sub., about grass
littoralis below the surface,
on sand-hills, about marum
grass; on the coast
puiris sub., at elm
rurea under moss, on
stumps, &c.
...under moss, and
hepatica
stumps
pinastri
in a cocoon, on the
ground, among dock, sorrel, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
61
PUP^I]
MAY
P. leucophsea ...amongst moss
A. unanimis ...under bark of wil-
lows, in damp places, and
among decayed willow wood
C. Morpheus ...spun up, in a leaf, or
an earthen cocoon, attached to
food -plant
R. tenebrosa, b. among violets, and
other low plan's; a little be-
neath the surface
A. segetum, s. ...sub., among Cruci-
ferse, grass, &c.
T. ianthina .
« fimbria ( low plants
„ orbona )
N. augur ) sub., near rose,
„ baia \ bramble, &c.
„ fcstiva sub.
„ conflua among low plants;
on, or near the surface
„ umbrosa under moss, &c.
A. nebulosa sub., near low
plants
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
H. dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Sileneotites, and Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, in heath
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
reptans, and grass
A. urticse spun up, among
nettle leaves
„ triplasia spun up, among
nettle leaves, hop, &c.
P. chrysitis among the leaves of
burdock, thistle, nettle, dead
nettle, &c.
M. typica, e. ...spun up, on walls,
palings, £c.
P. oenea among Polygala
vulgaris
H. tarsipcnnalis at sallow, or wild
raspberry (?); spins down a leaf
A. flexula, e. ...in a spun leaf
E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices,
in palings, walls, &c., near elder
P. margari tails... among wild mustard
jG. canella among Salsola kali
P. trigonodactylus on coltsfoot
„ osteodactylus on golden rod
IMAGOS]
The rapidly lengthening lists, which each month now discloses, plainly
enough indicate the increasing number of possible captures open to the
collector A great number of species will require the stimulant of the
beating stick before they will discover themselves. A rarity sometimes
"Then breaks from out the bush with hurried wing,"
and the collector has himself to thank if he misses it. A mallet, which is
used on the Continent, has been recommended for jarring moths off trees
with slender trunks, and the lower branches of other trees. The yew is a good
tree for harbouring moths, and may be sometimes pelted with stones, &c.,
with advantage. The pLint or tree which the larva feeds upon is often chosen
by the imago for its place of concealment, and may be said to constitute the
next natural attraction to flowers, —
"The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves,"
which are visited by many moths and butterflies, both during sunshine and at
night. A mass of flowers, in the sunshine,
" With butterflies for crowns,"
forms indeed, a beautiful object, besides giving the collector a chance of a
good "haul."
62 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] MAY
Many small moths (says Mr. C. G. BARRETT) may be blown (by the mouth)
into the net. If a steady wind is blowing this mode of capture is often very
productive ; if it is stormy or gusty, hardly a specimen can be obtained.
Many species which cannot be seen may be thus captured, especially from
trunks of trees which they so much resemble in colour as to be undistinguish-
able. This practice of blowing, however, tries the "wind," and only the
strong can keep up the exercise.
Some of the species which rest on tree trunks, and which may be found
this month, require to be carefully sought for. Some notes on this subject
will be found \mder the February Imagos. The northern and eastern side
of tree trunks, in larch and beech woods, in most elevated districts, yield
T. crepuscularia, and sometimes T. consonaria, T. biundularia, and H.
abruptaria. T. consonaria when disturbed generally dives down into the
grass, from whence it sometimes requires care to extricate it without damage.
The reader may be reminded that most of the Pyrales require to be beaten
out of the thick undergrowth in which they hide ; and that Tortrices generally
fly most at about a couple of hours before dusk, while many also fly in the
early sunshine.
Now that the Noctuse are beginning to appear in some plenty, the reader
should not forget the desirability of resorting to "sugaring," which, from
this family's love of sweets, often proves a means of capturing large numbers.
Many of them also show a great liking for light, and this is indicated in the
lists where it has been strongly manifested.
P. Machaon fens, and marshes L. alsus, e hills, railway banks,
L. sinapis woods; does not coast sand-hills, &c.
travel quietly if boxed „ argiolus among holly, in
P. brassicse gardens, &c. plantations, woods, and gardens,
rapse gardens, &c. and at fl.
„ napi gardens, &c. N. Lucina, e. ...woods, and banks
Daplidice has been taken in near, where primrose abounds
lucerne fields S. alveolus woods, and fields
A. cardamines ...fields, &c. T. tages heaths, commons,
A. Euphrosyne woods, &c. hills, &c.
M. Artemis wet meadows; rests H. sylvanus hills, and woods
among the herbage in dull S. ocellatus } rest on trees,
weather ,, populi > palings, &c. ;
„ Cinxia on the coast „ tilioe ) come to 1.
S. -^Egeria woods, and lanes D. lineata at fl.
„ Megaera lanes, banks, walls C. porcellus, e. may be found on
C. Pamphilus ...fields, &c. patches of Galium verum, or on
T. rubi . . near woods the ground near ; hovers over fl.
P. Phlaeas fields, and lanes, at early dusk, and comes to
coast sand-hills, &c. sugar
L. agestis hilly fields M. stellatarum ...flies by day, and in
„ Alexis, e. ...fields, and hills; rests the evening; hovers over fl. ;
on grass, &c., at night often found flying over old walls
,, Adonis chalk downs, and where Galium grows, and on
limestone hills coast sand-hills
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
M. fuciformis ...flies in the sunshine, R.
and hovers over fl., generally V.
from 9 till II a.m., and 3 to 4 E.
p. m.
„ bombyliformis flies in the sunshine S.
and hovers over fl. , seldom after „
I or 2 p.m. ; may be found at O.
rest on the ground in dull weather B.
S. myopDeformis on apple, and pear
trees, particularly if old, and A.
unhealthy, and bushes, &c. , near H.
,, culicifcrmis, e. on birch
„ cynipiformis, e. on oaks ; s. in B.
coppices T.
„ sphegiformis on low plants near
alder, and hovers over fl. ; also „
flies in the evening „
„ apiformis, e. on poplars ; s. mis- „
taken for a hornet N.
H. lupulinus, e. flies just before dusk
P. geryon on grassy hill-sides ; I.
flies in the sunshine
N. confusalis, e. at rest, on trees, &c. E.
L. aureola rests on larch trunks, „
high up, and may be beaten „
from trees
„ rubricollis ...flies in the sunshine, ,,
over the tops of larch, &c.
D. pulchella has been taken in „
fields, flying by day ,,
C. plantaginis, e. hills, and the ridings H
of hilly woods ; flies by day A.
A. fuliginosa ,,
,, mendica ,,
„ lubricepeda ...gardens, &c.
,, menthrasti ...gardens, &c.
O. pudibunda ...gardens, &c. ; s. A
found hanging to the undersides „
of bramble and hop leaves ; C.
flies about II p.m. „
D. coryli beech woods, &c. „
B. rubi heaths, &c., in bright C.
weather often flies about 3 p.m. ;
also in the evening
L. ilicifolia on moors „
S. carpini heaths, and open M
places ; flies in the sunshine
E. advenaria, e. hides in grassy rid- „
ings of woods, among bilberry ; S.
easily disturbed
crataegata ...beaten from hedges
maculata woods ; flies by day
dolobraria ...woods; beaten from
oak
lunaria woods ; comes to 1.
illustraria woods
.rests on tree trunks
.in the squares of
..on trees
..on trees, palings,
bidentata ..
hirtaria, b.
London
betularia ...
abruptaria
&c. , and in gardens ; comes to 1.
cinctaria
consonaria . . at rest, on trees ; in
beech woods
crepuscularia, b. on trees
biundularia ...on trees, and palings
punctulata ...
viridata mosses and fens;
fades soon after appearing
lactearia, e. ...woods; flies by day;
soon fades
porata woods
punctaria woods
trilinearia beech woods, flies in
the sunshine
omicronaria... woods; beaten from
maple
orbicularia ...may be beaten from
pendularia ...woods, &c. [birch
. auroi*aria in fens, &c.
luteata woods
canclidata woods
Blomeraria ...on wooded hillsides,
near wytch elms, at rest on
larch, and other trees
. ornata on grassy hills, &c.
remutata, e. ...woods
pusaria woods
rotundaria ...
exanthemaria woods
temerata woods, &c., in the
neighbourhood of wild cherry,
and buckthorn
taminata woods
notata woods; on birch
trunks
liturata in larch woods
clathrata in, and near saint-
foin fields
64
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
P. petraria E.
N. pulveraria ... ,,
S. belgiaria, e. ...heaths „
F. carbon aria ... „
„ atomaria .fields, woods, fens, „
heaths ,,
„ piniaria flies in the sunshine, „
round fir trees; flies high after
the first week „
M. euphorbiata woods ,,
S. sacraria flies by day; has „
been taken at fl., at sugar, and L.
at 1.
L. purpuraria ...in the north; flies by „
day, on dry hills „
A. ononaria, e. among, or near rest T.
harrow Y.
A. citraria. m. ...among wild carrot,
chiefly on the coast M.
L. adustata among spindle „
L. marginata ...woods M,
P. hippocastanaria flies after dusk,
among heather
L. pectinitaria ...in hedges ; comes
to sugar „
E. albulata among yellow rattle ,,
,, blandiata
E. venosata among Silene, and „
Lychnis, and on palings near ,,
„ consignata ...in apple orchards, A.
rests on the trunks, just below „
the first branches C.
„ linariata among toadflax „
„ pulchellata ...among foxglove ,,
,, centaureata ...on palings, &c., and C.
among ragwort, &c. P.
,, plumbeolata, e. M
,, pygmseata ...flies in the sunshine, S.
among long grass, and settles on
low fl. C.
„ helveticata ... „
,, satyrata ,,
„ castigata on palings, £c. „
„ lariciata .... among larch „
„ virgaureata ...among golden rod JL.
„ albipunctata has occurred as early
as Jan. and Feb. A.
„ pusillata among spruce C.
„ irriguata rests on birch, oak,
&c. ; may also be beaten
pimpinellata
fraxmata, e....s. as early as Jan.
indigata on fir trunks
nanata on heaths
vulgati
assimilata
dodoneata ..flies in the early
morning sunshine
exiguata
pumilata
coronata on trees, and palings
sexalata on tree trunks, in
hedges, and by beating
hexapterata . . . woods
viretata on birch, and fir trunks
simulata
ruberata
impluviata ...
ocellata
albicillata ...
, hastata, e. ...woods ; flies in the
sunshine, generally after 2 p. m. ;
may be beaten from birch, and
other trees
procellata ...beaten from clematis
sociata (subtristata)
montanata ...woods
fluctuata ......on walls, and palings
galiata
derivata
berberata
propugnata ...woods
ferrugata woods
uniclentaria ...
fluviata at light
lignala, e. ...
vitalbata beaten from clematis
certata at rest on palings,
&c. ; also at light
corylata woods
russata woods
suffumata flies at dusk
silaceata among willow herb
prunata
lineolata
grasses,
plagiata .
obliquaria
not fly
II p.m.
rests on
on the coast
coarse
... among broom ; does
till between 10 and
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
%;*'
at rest, on willows,
A.
e. ...
poplars, &c.
,,
G.
ala .
.at rest ; comes to 1.
H.
C.
R.
T.
.at 1.
N.
P. lacertula the hook-tips may
be beaten from their hiding-
places, in trees, by a long pole;
females may be thus obtained,
which are rarely seen
„ sicula, e
,, falcula
„ hamula flies in the day time,
generally in the morning; may
be beaten from oak ; comes to 1.
„ unguicula a day-flyer; maybe
beaten from beech
C. spinula at rest, on palings, &c.
D. bicuspis
,, furcula,
,, bifida, e.
vinula ...
bucephala
curtula .
reclusa .
crenata.
palpina
camelina hides on fronds of
fern, and in, and on trees ;
comes to 1.
„ dictsea at rest, at base of
willows, and large poplars
„ dictseoides ...
,, dromedarius at 1.
„ tritophus
,, ziczac hides in bark crevices
of poplar
„ trepida at 1., and on oak
trunks
„ Chaonia
,, Dodonea
T. batis
at dusk
C. duplaris
„ fluctuosa ... ) do not always travel
„ ocularis ... ) quietly when boxed
A. psi at rest, on tree trunks
(l leporina on tree trunks, s.
high up
,, aceris on trunks of syca-
mores, and palings
„ megacephala on tree trunks, and
palings
,, alni this rare species has
been taken at sugar
.flies over bramble,
A. ligustri at rest, on ash trees
„ rumicis
„ auricoma
,, myricee in the North
M. flammea
X. rurea, e
X. conspicillaris, b. rests on trees,
especially where the bark has
• been stripped
N. saponaria, e.
P. leucophaea, e.
M. albicolon, e. on the coast
brassicae on walls, palings,
&c.
basilinea
unanimis, e. marshes, and fens
trilinea in grassy places
palustris, e. has been taken at 1.
cubicularis ...beaten from thatch
tenebrosa, m.
pronuba
c.-nigrum ...
„ rubi
T. gothica at fl.
,( rubricosa at fl.
„ opima at fl.
„ populeti at fl.
D. carpophaga ... at 1.
„ capsophila ...
„ capsincola ...
„ cucubali may be taken at rest,
and hovers over fl.
E. lucipara
H. adusta, e. ...
„ dentina
,, chenopodii ...at 1.
„ suasa at sugared fl., on
commons, &c.
ii Pisi» e-.
„ thalassina, e.
„ genistse, e. ...
„ rectilinea at rest, on stones,
&c. , on dull days
C. perspicillaris
C. verbasci
„ scrophulariae
„ asteris
„ chamomill3e...s. hides under the
top ledge of a paling
H. marginata, e.
66
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
A.
It
H.
A.
p.
H
cordigera at Rannoch
myrtilli flies in the sunshine,
on heaths
arbuti fields, &c. ; flies in
the sunshine
luctuosa flies in the sunshine,
in clover fields, &c., and hovers
over fl.
venustula, e.
alchymista . . .
lunaris . . .
mi
glyphica
senea...
fly in the sunshine,
and hover over fl.
salicalis among long grass , &c.
barbalis beaten from under-
growth
tarsipennalis, e. woods
punicealis ...flies in the sunshine
purpuralis ...flies by day
ostrinalis, e. flies in the sunshine
cespitalis
cingulalis on grassy hill- sides,
&c.
anguinalis ...on grassy hill-sides,
&c.
octomaculalis, e. woods, &c.
nemoralis
stratiotalis ...flies at dusk, over
stagnant pools ; comes to light
lupulinalis ...among hop
..successive broods
lancealis, e.
unionalis . . . .
decrepitalis ...
dubitalis
pratellus s. at sugar
chrysonuchellus among dry grass,
&c., local
rorellus
nimbella among Jasione mon-
tana, and thistles, and ragwort,
on the coast
„ senecioms ...
E. ficella, e
P. interpunctella, e.
N. angustella ...
O. ahenella
M. cephalonica, e.
H. prasinana ...woods
„ clorana osier beds
S.
..woods
northern moors
.from July, moors
ministrana .
prodromana
mixtana ....
Con way ana..
Lecheana woods
prselongana ...
marginana .. damp woods, heaths,
and fens
lariciana among larch
suffusana hedges
simplana among poplar
tripunctana, e. gardens, and hedges
euphorbiana S. coast
palustrana ...Perthshire, &c.
arcuana among young oaks
arbutana on heaths, in the N.
fraetifasciana on downs
quadrana Kent, Surrey, &c.
rugosana, e. in hedges, among briony
politana on heaths
musculana ...hedges
favillaceana...in woods, among
juniper
rusticana moors, fens, mosses
lanceolana ...among rushes
siculana Witherslack
unguicana ...heaths
uncana heaths, and woods
...chalk downs, &c.
. . . fens
...moors, among Vac-
corn p tana.,
subarcuana
myrtillana
cinium
Lundana
diminutana, e. among sallows
Mitterpacheriana among oak
upupana Southernwoods
campoliliana among sallow
obtusana Lancashire
tetraquetrana woods
immundana ...woods
Pfulgiana
gallicolana ...Darenth
strobilana ...woods, among spruce
splendidulana on oak trunks
argyrana on oak trunks
nemorivagana moors, and Scotch
mountains
Hercyniana ...among spruce
distinctana... Westmoreland, Cum-
berland, Norfolk
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
67
IMAGOS]
C. vacciniana ...among bilberry
R. turionana among Scotch fir
S. perlepidana... among grass, and
low bushes
,, internana among furze
„ composana ...in clover fields
„ germarana ...woods in the S.
D. sequana dry fields and rail-
way banks
„ plumbana
P. Rheediana ...in hawthorn hedges
C. albersana woods
„ ulicetana among furze
,, aspidiscana ...knocks about if kept
long in a box
X. Fabriciana ...
L. reliquana woods
„ servillana woods in the S.
E. maculosana . . . woods
,, Degreyana ...Norfolk
„ curvistrigana woods in the S.,
among ragwort
„ vectisana
„ udana marshes, &c.
„ notulana fens, and marshes
i, rupicolana ...marshes
„ ciliana
„ pallidana cliffs
„ anthemidana chalk districts
X. Zoegana
,, hamana
A. Beaumanniana among rushes, in
damp places
„ zephyrana ...South coast
„ maritimana, e. on the coast
C. Francillonana on the coast
,, stramineana... chalky places
T. hyemana oak woods
D. fagella on trees
P. villosella (nigricans) e. New Forest
„ opacella, e. . . . New Forest, Wither-
slack, Rannoch
„ calvella (fusca) e.
,t pullella, e. ...heaths, the larva
feeding on grass
S. inconspicuella
S. emortuella ...Cheshire
„ cloacella Witherslack
T. imella Lytham
„ rusticella among cloth, &c.
F 2
MAY
T. monachella ,
ir „ ganomella
and „ bistrigella .
„ ruricolella .
L. luzella ...
I. masculella
„ capitella, e. .
rail- M. calthella ....
..Cambs
...hedges
..on birch twigs
.'.'.Yorks
..among hawthorn
..in fl., of Call
palustris, and buttercup
„ mansuetella, e. Windermere
„ allionella, e. among vaccinium
„ Thunbergella
„ purpurella ...among birch, and
Scotch fir
„ salopiella among birch
tr Spannannella among birch
„ subpurpurella, e. among oak
„ fastuosella ..among nut
N. Swammerdammella, e. on trees,
among heath
„ Schwarziella in hedges, &c.
„ pilella Yorks, Scotland,
Lake District
„ metaxella Yorks, Scotland
A. fibulella in veronica fl. These
' ' long horns" fly in the sunshine
„ rufimitrella ...in wet meadows,
and bogs
„ viridella, e .in hedges, and
among oak
S. comptella among sloe
„ griseocapitella among birch
„ pyrella in hawthorn hedges
Y. viginipunctella Guildford, Becken-
ham
A. decemguttella Darenth
C. pyraustella ...has occurred in
Sutherlandshire
P. xylostella among Cruciferae
„ porrectella, e. in gardens
G. velocella among sheep's sorrel
„ ericetella moors, &c.
„ longicornis ...in bare, burnt places
u diffinella among sheep's sorrel
„ desertella on coast sand-hills
„ acuminatella among thistles
„ mundella sands, on the coast
„ proximella ...among birch, and
alder, on moors
„ notatella among sallow
68
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
G. luculella among oak A.
„ scriptella among maple „
„ sethiopella ...on moss
„ solutella Rannoch, Lizard „
„ littorella Birkenhead, Isle of O.
Wight G.
„ aleela West Wickham „
„ triparella among oak
„ cerealella among grain „
„ anthyllidella among Anthyllis,
and clover „
„ Hermannella in fens, and on the
coast „
„ nseviferella ...
„ pictella coast sand-hills „
„ brizella about thrift
,, intaminatella railway banks ,,
„ gracilella, e. ... „
„ umbrosella .. coast sands „
M. fasciella Cambs, Lewes O.
„ ustulella near Worcester
H. Geoffroyella, e.
D. sulphurella ... „
OE. minutella ...in hay lofts
„ trisignella „
,, stipella among dead far trees „
„ grandella, e. ...Llangollen,Bewdley „
Forest [N.
„ subaquilella ...Lancashire and the C.
„ tinctella Gravesend, Dareuth, „
W. Wickham
„ flavifrontella Cambs, Wither- „
slack, &c. „
B. grandipennella among furze „
P. Lewenhoekella „
R. Erxlebenella among lime under- C.
wood L.
„ pronubella ...has occurred in „
Sutherlandshire
G. fuscoviridella „
„ Haworthella in the N. C.
„ Schcenicolella, e. in the Norfolk A.
fens, and at the Lizard
„ Fischeriella . . . ,,
J£. dentella Cambs, Sanderstead, C.
&c. A.
P. obscurepunctella
T. sericiella S.
, , stanneella among oak
A. conjugella ...among mountain ash E.
mendicella ... on sloe
arceuthinella among fir, and
juniper
. . . Sanderstead
..among Scotch fir
.among alder, and
Plantago
praecolella
pinariella...
alchimiella
elongella ..
yew
tringipennella . . . among
lanceolata
syringella in gardens, among
lilac
omissella among Artemesia
vulgaris
auroguttella . . . among Hypericum
quadrangulum
imperialella ...Cambs, Dorset
Hoffmanniella
Kollariella ...
avellanella . . . among nut
Devoniella ...has occurred near
Dawlish
anglicella among hawthorn
betulsevorella among birch
torquilella ...among sloe
Scoticella in mountain ash
Loganella ...in the N.
guttella among apple
albicostella,e. among furze
murinipennella... among Luzula
sylvatica
virgaureella . . .
viminetella ...
graminceolella among ragged robin
limosipennella among elm
orichalcella, e.
miscella among sun cistus
epilobiella ...from Aug., among
willow herb
subbistrigella from Aug.
flavicapitella among hawthorn
modestella ...among Stellaria
holostea
fuscociliella ...among nut
festaliella among blackberry
Pfeifferella ...among Cornus san-
guinea
Brunnichella in chalk pits, among
Clinopodium vulgare
poella among Poa aquatica
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
69
IMAGOS]
MAY
E. Kilmunella ...moors, marshes, and
bogs, among coarse grass
„ cinereopunctella many of the genus
are found among carices, coarse
grass, &c.
„ trapeziella ...
„ Gregsonella...
„ nigrella
„ subnigrella, e.
?f humiliella, e.
„ Bedellella
„ perplexella ...
„ subobscurella
,, zonariella
» gangabella, e.
„ taeniatella
I( obliquella Grange
tr Megerella
,, cerassella among reeds, in
marshes, &c.
„ biatomella ...in wet places
„ ruficinerella ...among grass
„ subochreella... moors
„ cygnipennella, e.
T. marginea (emyella) among black-
berry
„ angusticolella... among rose
L. roborella many of the genus
are found flying in the early
morning
„ hortella
,, amyotella among oak
„ lantanella
„ trigutella
)f quinqueguttella... among dwarf
sallows
„ nigrescentella
„ irradiella among oak
„ Bremiella
„ insignitella ...Castle Eden, &c.
, , lautella among oak
„ vacciniella ...
„ cavella W. Wickham
„ pomifoliella ...among hawthorn,
and apple
„ corylella among nut
„ spinicolella ...among sloe
,, faginella among beech
„ torminella ...
„ salicicolella ...among sallow
L. viminetella ...
„ carpinicolella among hornbeam
„ ulmifoliella ...among birch, &c.
„ spinolella ......
„ quercifoliella among oak
,r Messaniella ...among evergreen oak
„ corylifoliella among hawthorn
„ Caledoniella in the N.
„ viminiella among sallow
,, alnifoliella ...among alder
,, Heegeriella ...among oak
„ Cramerella ...among oak
„ tenella
„ sylvella (acerifoliella) among maple
„ emberizaepennella
„ Frolichiella ...among alder
„ Dunningiella Yorks, &c.
„ Nicelliella ...among nut
„ Stettinella ...among alder
„ Klemannella Preston, &c.
„ Schreberella among elm
„ tristrigella ...among elm
„ trifasciella ...among honeysuckle
„ scabiossecolella Surrey
„ comparella ...
C. spartifoliella among broom
„ laburnella among laburnum
„ Wailesella ...among Genista
„ lotella among Lotus major
„ lathyrifoliella among vetches
„ orobiella Scarborough
O. reliquella near Thetford
B. aurimaculella among Chrysanthe-
mum leucanthemum
„ cidariella among alder
„ ulmella among oak, &c.
„ crataegifoliella... about hawthorn
hedges
tl Demaryella ...
„ Boyerella among elm
„ hippocastanella
,, cristatella among yarrow
N. atricapitella... among oak
„ perpygmaeella
„ pomella
„ oxyacanthaecolella
„ viscerella
„ catharticella...
„ Septembrella among hypericum
„ intimella Witherslack, Bristol
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
MAY
N. argyropezella
„ trimaculella . . .
„ floslactella ...among nut
„ salicivorella... among sallow
„ myrtillella ...
„ microtheriella
„ betulicolella...
, , ignobilella . . . among hawth orn
„ argentipedella
„ acetosella Witherslack, Isle of
Wight
„ plagicolella ...
„ prunetella ...Scarboro'
„ tityrella
, , malella among wild apple
„ atricolella
„ arcuosella
„ gratiosella
„ marginecolella
„ alnetella among alder
„ glutinosella ...
N. splendidissimella
apicella amongst aspen
ruficapitella ...among oaks
castanella
luteella
asneofasciella Darlington, Wither-
slack
„ sorbiella
„ aucupariella ...among mountain ash
,, ulmivorella ...among elm
„ tilseella
„ centifoliella ...among roses
T. pulverosella... among wild apple
P. microdactylus among Eupatorium
cannabinum
,, tetradactylus
„ Hodgkinsoni
,, pentadactylus among Convolvulus
arvensis, and Calystegia sepium
A. polydactyla ...from Aug.
JUNE
OVA]
"The leafy month of June" is one of the most prolific in insect life, and
consequently the number of species obtainable is now reaching its maximum.
Many eggs laid this month soon hatch, so that vigilance and activity will
have to*be exercised to secure the kinds which may be desired.
THE WEATHER. — As it is sometimes important, in fixing the time for an
entomological excursion, to know the weather we are likely to have, the
chief signs upon which it may be fore-casted are subjoined: —
A dark blue sky indicates fine weather.
A rosy sky at sunset, whether clear or cloudy, presages fine weather ;
a bright yellow, wind ; a pale yellow, wet ; a sickly-looking greenish hue,
wind and rain ; a dark or Indian red, rain.
A grey sky in the morning, fine weather ; red, bad weather, or much
wind, perhaps rain ; a high dawn, wind ; a low dawn, fine.
Soft-looking, or delicate clouds foretell fine weather, with moderate or
light breezes ; hard-edged, oily-looking clouds, wind. Generally, the softer
the clouds, the less wind (but perhaps more rain) may be expected ; and the
harder, more greasy, rolled, tufted, or ragged, the stronger the coming wind
will prove. Small inky-looking clouds foretell rain ; light-scud clouds
driving across heavy masses show wind and rain ; but if alone, they indicate
wind only. High upper clouds crossing the sun, moon, or stars in a direction
different from the lower clouds, or the wind felt below, foretell a change of
wind in their direction. After fine clear weather, the first signs in the sky
of a coming change are usually light streaks, curls, whisps, or mottled patches
of white distant cloud.
Dew is an indication of fine weather ; so is fog. Remarkable clearness
of atmosphere near the horizon, distant objects being rendered unusually
visible, is a sign of wet, if not wind.
P. Machaon on underside of leaf- A. Euphrosyne on clog, and sweet
lets of Peucedanum palustre, violet ; bluntly conical ; dull
in fens greenish at first, afterwards
L. sinapis, b. ... on Vicia cracca, brownish
and Orobus tuberosus ; long, „ Selene on dog, and sweet
standing on end, curved, yellow violet
white M. Artemis on scabious, plan-
P. crategi on hawthorn, sloe, tain; upon the underside of
and orchard trees leaves nearest the ground j
A. cardamines ...on fl. -stalks of Car- yellow
damine, Erysimum, &c. ; bright ,, Cinxia on Plantago lanceo-
orange lata ; in batches
C. Edusa white clover (Trifo- V. cardui, e. ...on thistles ; by pre-
lium repens), lucerne, &c. The ferenceCirsiumlanceolatumand
egg laid up to this time produces carduus arvensis ; low down on
the imago in August the plant ; s. nettle
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA] JUNE
S. Semele on Triticum repens
C. Davus, e on Rhynchospora
alba
„ Pamphilus ...on small mat grass
(Nardus stricta)
L. agestis on Erodium circu-
tarium
?t Alsus, e on Anthyllis vulner-
aria ; upon the calyx, low down
„ Anon, e. ......on thyme; at the
base of the florets ; round, flat-
tened, and depressed in the
centre, greenish white ; hatch
within two or three weeks after
being laid
N. Lucina on primrose, and
cowslip ; pale glaucus
H. Paniscus on plantain
M. stellatarum ...on Galium Mollugo.
The egg is deposited while the
moth is on the wing, curling its
abdomen so as to place the egg
upon the under surface of the leaf
„ fuciformis ...on honeysuckle, up-
on the underside of the leaf
H. hectus on Pteris aquilina.
The eggs of the Hepialus are
laid loosely over the plant, while
the moth is on the wing ; at
first white, but soon turn black;
globular
„ lupulinus on dead nettle, &c.
„ velleda on Pteris aquilina
„ humuli on various plants
Z. trifolii on trefoil, and
vetches. The eggs of the
Zeuzera are laid in heaps ;
yellow
„ lonicerge on clover, & grasses
„ filipendulse, e. on crowfoot, trefoil,
&c.
C. dominula ... among houndstongue,
scattered loosely ; rather small
E. russula on plantain, heath,
&c.
C. plantaginis ...on violets, plantain,
&c. The eggs of the Chelonia
are deposited in regular batches
upon the leaves; globular, straw
colour
C. caia on nettle, & various
plants
„ villica on chick weed, furze,
&c. ; pearly
O. pudibunda ...on hop, oak, &c. ;
in regular batches
„ gonostigma ...on oak, nut, sallow,
bramble
B. quercus (callunse) scattered over
heath, bilberry, &c. , as the moth
flies ; globular, large
E. advenaria ...on dogwood, and
probably wild rose, and bil-
berry
B. rhomboidaria in crevices of bark
of various trees ; long, dark
green
P. baiularia on oak; large, oval,
brownish
E. omicronaria...on maple; oblong,
red
A. remutata on ? has been
laid in confinement upon Poly-
gonum aviculare, which plant
the larva will eat ; red
C. temerata on sloe, wild cherry;
upon the shoots, and in crevices
of the bark
S. belgiaria on heath, upon the
shoots ; rather large, brick-
shaped, lead coloured
F. piniaria on Scotch fir, and
larch ; on the higher branches,
upon the needles, in a row
S. dealbata, e. ...on grasses ; bright
orange
S. sacraria on dock, charnomile,
and other Composite ; long,
narrow, oval, and flattened
L. adustata on spindle ; oblong,
oval, pinkish brown
E. albulata on yellow rattle ;
upon the bracts
„ decolorata ...on fl. of Lychnis
dioica; two or three eggs upon
a fl.-head ; yellow
M. ocellata on Galium; large
M. sociata on Galium Mollugo.
Deposited singly on the food-
plant
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
73
OVA]
JUNE
D.
montanata ...on primrose L.
galiata on Galium sexatile
rubidata, e. ...on Galium
munitata on groundsel
corylata, e. ...on sloe, lime; large, M.
oval, pearly
griseata on Sisymbrium A.
Sophia
lacertula on birch ; upon the A.
twigs „
unguicula, b. on beech ; upon the
leaf, generally on stunted and ,,
pollard trees N.
furcula on sallow, willow,
poplar ; upon upper surface of D.
leaves, in groups of two or
three ; black, small „
bifida on poplars, willows,
sallows ; upon upper surface of „
leaves, in groups of two or
three ; black, small ,,
vinula on willows, poplars,
sallow ; upon upper surface of
leaves, in groups of two or „
three ; chocolate brown
palpina on poplars, and E.
sallows
camelina ...
dictseoides
dromedarius
dictsea
ziczac .
birch ; on underside
of leaves : white
S.
on poplars, and H.
sallows „
trepida on oak ; laid sparsely
upon the leaves ; pale C.
leporina, b. ...on the bark of birch,
poplar, alder, sallow ; light A.
purple
strigosa on hawthorn ; upon
the twigs H.
rumicis on plantain, and
other low plants ; upon the
leaves C.
myricse on sallow ; rather
large, quite flat on the base,
round and globular above, pink,
speckled with purple, and a
distinct spot of this colour in
the centre
venosa on reed grass ; upon
the leaves, and stems
comma on Dactylis glo-
merata, and other grass, and
sorrel ; in clusters upon the
stems
albicolon ,on Atriplex, and
Chenopodium
basilinea on immature wheat;
in the ears
segetum on Cruciferae, &c .
exclamationis on grass, cabbage,
&c.
corticea on Chenopodium ^
plecta on Galium verum,
and Asperula odorata
carpophaga, e. on fl. -heads of Si-
lene inflata, and Lychnis
capsophila ...onfl.-headsof Silene
maritima
capsincola . . on fl .-heads of Lych-
nis, and Silene
cucubali on fl. - heads of
Silene inflata, Lychnis, and
Cucubalus
caesia on fl. -heads of Silene
maritima
lucipara on brake fern, male
fern, nettle, plantain, primrose,
sallow, dandelion, &c. ; in a
row, upon the back of the
leaf
chenopodii ...on Chenopodium ^
rectilinea on sallow, bilberry,
bramble ; upon the leaves
umbratica ...on sowthistle, let-
tuce ; upon the leaves
luctuosa on small convol-
vulus ; upon stems, and fl.-
buds
barbalis on oak, and birch
catkins ; globular, pale greenish
yellow
pratellus probably in moss,
growing amongst grass; "oval,
more pointed at one end, pale
yellow, and ornamented with
slight longitudinal ridges, con-
nected by slight cross-bars ; "
probably laid loosely, as it
is supposed most of the genus
74 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
L AEVJE] JUNE
Strange and new will be the larval forms of many species which will be
met with in this and the last month, if the collector works as the tempting
time, which will soon pass away, should prompt him ; and the regular post-
ing up of the entomological diary, with the due labelling of unknown or
local species, for future identification, will be highly desirable.
From the end of this month to August, the delicate green larva of P.
Machaon may be found in fens and marshes, feeding on umbelliferous plants.
This, the largest of our Butterflies, never thrives when removed from its
marshy habitat ; all attempts to naturalize it in other localities having failed.
Towards the end of the month, G. rhamni may be found of all sizes on the
two buckthorns, R. catharticus and R. frangula. Sloe bushes in the neigh-
bourhood of woods should be beaten this month for T. betulse.
C. ligniperda may be taken at night by visiting the trees which can be seen
to have been bored by this strong-smelling three-year wood-feeder. If roughly
handled, it feigns death for some time. T. cratsegi are extremely various in
their appearance. Though hawthorn is their food-plant, they will eat many
other plants. They often die whilst changing their fourth skin. L. trifolii
is seldom found far from the coast ; and when a number are removed from
their habitat, there is generally a large per-centage of deaths. L. griseola,
L. quadra, L. lurideola, and M. miniata, should not be sought for later than
the beginning of this month, or perhaps better at the end of May, as all these
species are often full-fed at that period, and if left too late, may be found to
be ichneumoned.
E. fuscantaria may be beaten from its food-tree, small, at the end of the
month. Ash is its favourite food, but it will also eat privet. Old junipers
in gardens, shrubberies, and on hills, should be searched to the middle of
this month for E. sobrinata.
P. palpina has a knack of wriggling off the branch it is on, as soon as the
branch is touched. P. Cassinea lies close along the petiole of a leaf, and is
not easily seen. Though elm and nut are its favourite food, it will eat of
almost any tree ; as also will P. populi. P. Cassinea, although not generally
full-fed until this month, is sometimes more forward ; it should, therefore,
also be looked for in May.
X. lithoxylea, M. strigilis, M. literosa, G. trilinea, C. Morpheus, and
many others, may be found on elder, red currant, beans, &c., by visiting
them with a lantern at night. M. oxyacanthse is easily found at night. It
falls to the ground the moment it is touched. B. notha is more frequently
found on aspen than sallow. When full-fed it eats some depth into rotten
wood, and then assumes the pupa state.
P. Machaon, e... Peucedanum pa- P. rapse turnip, and other
lustre, and other Umbelliferae ; Cruciferae, tropseolum, &c.
in fens „ napi rapeseed, and other
L. sinapis Vicia cracca, and Cruciferoe
Orobus tuberosus M Daplidice Reseda lutea, and
P. brassicse cabbage, and other R. luteola
Cruciferae, tropaeolum, &c. G. rhamni buckthorn
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
75
LARVJE] JUNE
C. Edusa Dutch clover, lu-
cerne, &c.
A. Paphia, b. ...from Aug., dog, and
sweet violet
„ Aglaia, b. ...from Aug., dog, and
sweet violet, and wild hearts-
ease, on hill-sides, and sea-side
sand-hills
,, Adippe, b. ...from Aug., dog, and
sweet violet
,, Latona from Aug., violet,
and wild heartsease
V. c-album nettle, elm, hop,
sloe, currant
l( urticae, b nettle; in batches,
on the underside of the leaves ;
green
,, polychloros .. elm, osiers, sallow,
aspen, Pyrus aria, and fruit
trees ; s. the eggs are laid in the
autumn, and the young larvce
hibernate
„ Antiopa willow, birch, pop-
lar, nettle
„ lo nettle
„ Atalanta nettle, generally in
sheltered places
„ cardui Cirsium arvense, and
other thistles; will also eat nettle,
mallow, scarlet bean, &c.
A. Iris from Aug., sallow,
poplar
E. Medea from Oct. , moorland
grasses
S. TEgeria, 2 grasses
„ Megsera, 2 ...grasses
„ Semele from Aug., quaking
grass, couch grass, &c. ; on dry
hill-sides, and sea-shore sand-
hills
„ Tithonus from Aug., annual
meadow grass, &c.
„ Hyperanthus from Aug., Aira
caespitosa, annual meadow, mil-
let, and other grasses, in and
near woods
C. pamphilus ...grasses
T. quercus, b. ...oak. See last month
„ w-album, b. ...wytch elm
,. pruni sloe
T. betulse sloe, birch; generally
on stunted bushes
P. hippothoe ...great water dock;
formerly in the Cambridge
fens
„ Phlseas dock, ragwort, sorrel
L. JEgon Ornithopus perpu-
sillus
„ Corydon ...*;. .from Oct., Hippo-
crepis comosa, &c.
„ Argiolus holly, and probably
also on buckthorn. The eggs
have been laid on the fl. -stalks,
rather close to the fl. ; the larva
feeds first on the fl., then on the
green berries. Some have been
found on the underside of the
leaves, in which they had eaten
shot-holes. It spins up closely
adhering to the underside of a
holly leaf; the butterfly appear-
ing in Aug. , as the second, or
autumnal brood
H. comma Ornithopus perpu-
sillus, Lotus corniculatus, and
other Leguminosas, in rolled-up
leaves
„ linea from Aug., grasses.
Conceals itself by drawing the
edges of a blade of grass together
„ Actseon in Calamagrotis epi-
gejos
D. lineata Galium, vine, &c.
S. chrysidiformis r. of dock, and
sorrel. Supposed to be 2 years
feeding up
Z. meliloti, b. ...from July, Lotus
corniculatus, vetches, &c. ; par-
tial to chalky soils
N . senex lichens ; in fens, and
bogs
,, mundana lichens; on top stones
of walls
C. miniata from Aug., lichen,
on oaks (Lichen caninus) ; also
withered sallow, and oak
L. muscerda lichens, on sallow,
in fens
„ pygmseola lichens, among
moss
76
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] JUNE
L. caniola Lotus corniculatus,
and other Leguminosse ; prefers
the fl. On the Continent on
lichens upon roofs. Spins up on
underside of pieces of bark
„ deplana lichens, on yew,
oak, beech, spruce ; may be
beaten from the trees
„ lurideola from Aug., lichens,
on ash and elm
,, complana from Aug., lichens,
on sloe, and fir
,, griseola, b. ...from Aug., lichens
on poplar ; will also eat with-
ered sallow, &c.
„ stramineola (var. ) from August,
lichens, on sloe, oak, sallow,
&c.
„ quadra lichens, on oak,
beech
D. pulchella Myosotis arvensis
C. caia from Sept., various
plants
L. dispar sloe, hawthorn, and
various fruit trees
,, monacha oak, beech, birch,
fir, apple, &c. ; hides in the
crevices of the bark
D. coryli beech, and several
other trees ; generally beaten
from beech
T. cratsegi hawthorn, sloe, sal-
low, birch, oak, plum
P. populi oak, poplar, lime,
ash, hawthorn
E. lanestris hawthorn, sloe, &c. ;
in large nests of silk on hedges,
&c.
B. neustria sloe, hawthorn, fruit
trees, &c. j in large nests of silk
„ castrensis, e. on Artemisia mari-
tima, and Daucus maritimus ;
will also eat knotgrass, chrysan-
themum, wild cherry, and
various trees, if sprinkled with
salt water. Feeds in the sun-
shine
„ roboris from Sept. , hawthorn,
dogwood, bramble, broom,
heath, &c.
B. trifolii from Sept., trefoil,
clover, broom, furze, grass,
raspberry, &c. ; attached to the
coast
E. versicolora ...birch
E. vespertaria ...nut
,, apiciaria nut, poplar, willow,
sallow, alder
R. crataegata from Sept., haw-
thorn, sloe
P. syringaria from Sept., lilac,
privet, elder, honeysuckle
S. illunaria willow, ash, haw-
thorn, oak, plum, &c.
„ illustraria oak, birch, ash,
beech, maple
E. tiliaria oak, sallow, birch,
alder, &c.
„ fuscantaria, e. ash, privet ; eats
round holes in the leaves
„ erosaria oak, birch, &c.
, , angul aria oak, birch, ash,
beech
P. pilosaria oak, elm
N. zonaria on Ammophila
arundinacea, and other sand-
hill plants
„ hispidaria oak
B. hirtaria lime, elm, ash, and
fruit trees
A. prodomaria...oak, birch, elm, nut
H. abruptaria ...lilac, rose, privet
C. glabraria lichens, on fir
B. perfumaria ...ivy, lilac, clematis,
&c.
„ abietaria, b. ...from Sept., larch,
and spruce ; has been found on
•whortleberry ; will also eat
birch, and oak
T. biundularia oak, birch, &c.
Vary very much
D. obfuscata from Sept., heath,
vetch, &c.
M. cineraria lichens, on walls
P. cytisaria, b. ...broom and Genista
anglica, on heaths, forests, and
waste places on the coast
I. vernaria, b. ...from Sept., Clematis
vitalba
H. thymiaria, b. hawthorn, oak
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
77
dotata
cervinaria
mensuraria
lineolata ..
LARVAE] JUNE
H. auroraria, b. from Aug., plantain A. badiata
A. strigaria, b. (?) ? Will eat „ derivata
knotgrass suckle
„ strigilata from Aug., Clematis, ,, berberata
Stachys, &c. P lapidata
„ imitaria Galium; will also ,,
eat sorrel S.
P. petraria brake fern „
S. sacraria dock, chamomile
A. gilvaria from Sept., Achillea ,,
millefolium, &c.
L. marginata ... sallow, willow, aspen „
H. leucophearia oak, maple
„ aurantiaria ...oak, birch, haw- C.
thorn
„ progemmaria oak, birch, hornbeam „
A. sescularia oak, elm, lime, sloe,
hawthorn, horse chesnut, apple, „
privet, &c. E.
C. boreata birch, in a curled-up „
leaf
O. dilutata oak, and other trees
L. multistrigaria Galium
„ ruficinctata ...Saxifragagranulata, C.
and S. hypnoides ; has also
been found on fruit trees, pep- C.
permint, and sage
E. consignata ...fruit trees, oak, nut,
&c.
ii pygmseata ... Stellaria holostea, P.
fl. ; will also eat Cerastium
tomentosum, fl. „
,, pusillata spruce ,,
„ irriguata oak, sloe „
„ pimpinellata seeds of Pimpinella
magna, and P. saxifraga, also C.
Angelica
„ dodoneata ...oak P.
„ abbreviata ...oak
„ sobrinata juniper
,, pumilata fl. of Anthriscus syl- „
vestris, gorse, marjoram, asters,
clematis, &c.
L. polycommata honeysuckle, ash
T. simulata juniper P.
M. rubiginata ...alder
M. rivata Galium Mollugo P.
M sociata Galium Mollugo
,, fluctuata cabbage, horse- N
radish, nasturtium, &c. „
...dog rose
,..dog rose,
honey-
.. bar berry
.. — ? will eat clematis
vitalbata, e. ..Clematis vitalba
dubitata buckthorn
vetulata, b. ...buckthorn; between
united leaves
rhamnata, b. buckthorn, birch ;
between united leaves
certata barberry ; between
united leaves
immanata . . . bilberry, alder, birch,
strawberry, &c.
prunata currant, gooseberry,
sloe, &c.
. .black and red currant
..mallow, hollyhock
..grasses
..Galium verum, on
the coast ; will also eat G.
sexatile and G. Mollugo
imbutata cranberry ; also eats
whortleberry
spartiata broom ; feeds under
the leaves, in which it makes
holes. Is a cannibal in con-
finement
lacertula birch; between
united leaves
sicula oak, birch, lime
hamula, e. ...oak, birch
unguicula, e. beech ; generally on
pollard and stunted trees
spinula, b hawthorn, sloe,
mountain ash
Cassinea, b. ...oak ; s. elm, lime,
sallow ; grips its food-plant
tightly
nubeculosa ...birch; stale, dryish
food is stated to suit the larva
best, in confinement ; two years
in pupa
plumigera ...maple ; will also eat
sycamore
palpina, e willows, sallows,
poplars
carmelita birch
dictsea, e. . . . poplars, sallow, willow
78
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
sloe,
N. ziczac ......... poplars,
willow, alder
„ Chaonia, m. oak
D. cseruleocephala hawthorn,
apple
C. diluta ......... oak, birch; between
united leaves
„ or ............... poplars ; between
the leaves
,, flavicornis ...birch, in rolled up
leaves ; cannot be beaten out
,, ridens ......... oak; bet ween united
leaves
A. leporina ...... birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
„ megacephala poplar
„ rumicis ......... bramble, plantain,
and other low plants ; will eat
knotgrass
Ir auricoma ...... bramble, bilberry,
birch, oak
„ menyanthidis Menyanthes trifb-
liata, Myrica gale, heath, bram-
ble, sallow
N. fulva ......... in stems of Carex,
and Poa aquatica
„ Hellmanni, b. in r. of common
reed
,, neurica ......... in stems of common
reed
,, geminipuncta in stems of common
reed. Holes covered with silk
from within are visible on stems
containing larvae
„ lutosa ......... from Oct., in stems
of common reed, near the r.
H. nictitans ...... at r. of Tussilago,
Cyperacse, &c.
,, petasitis ...... in stems, and r. of
butter burr, and burdock
,, micacea ...... at the base of leaves
of Carex, and inside stems, and
r. of Equisetum arvense, and
E. fluviatile, and dock
X. lithoxylea ...grass, and other
plants
X. conspicillaris Lotus corniculatus,
and other low plants
C. graminis ...... r. of grass; hides
under stones
JUNE
sallows, L. cespitis grasses ; hides among
the r. by day
C. exulis, b various species of Poa
M. furva grasses, especially
Aira canescens
„ brassicas cabbage, dock,
Chenopodium, chrysanthemum,
&c.
M. strigilis grasses, and other
plants
„ literosa slender foxtail grass,
and other plants
„ furuncula Festuca, slender fox-
tail grass, and other plants
„ arcuosa, b. ...Aira csespitosa
C. Haworthii ... Eriphorum vagi-
natum
A. suffusa r. of spinach, lettuce,
radish, &c.
„ cursoria Euphorbia esula,
sandwort, sea violet, &c.
,, nigricans plantain, clover, &c.
„ tritici roots of sandwort,
sea violet, and other low plants
,, prascox sandwort, sea violet,
chickweed, and other low
plants, on the coast ; also dwarf
willows. May be traced, and
dug up in the sand, in which it
burrows
T. pronuba from Aug., dock,
and other plants
N. glareosa dock, sorrel, broom
,, subrosea Myrica gale, sallow
,, rubi low plants
T. piniperda Scotch, and other
firs
T. gothica sallow, hawthorn,
oak, &c. ; also dock, nettle,
laurel, broom, lilac, &c.
,, leucographa plantain
„ rubricosa dock, elm
„ instabilis sloe, sallow, willow,
oak, dock, and other low plants
„ opima willow, sallow, rose
,, populeti poplars, especially
Populus nigra ; between united
leaves
„ stabilis oak, elm, hawthorn,
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
79
LA.KVJE] JUNE
T. gracilis willow, sallow, low
plants
„ miniosa oak, and birch, when
young ; then hawthorn, and
low plants
„ munda oak, elm, poplar
,, cruda oak, nut, sallow ;
also other caterpillars
O. upsilon, b. ...willow, poplar
„ lota, b '... willow, sallow,
poplar
A. pistacina buttercup, dock, &c.
Spins a tight, neat earthen
cocoon, in which it remains
some weeks before pu-
pation
,, litura meadow sweet, and
other low plants ; also oak,
willow, alder
C. vaccinii elm, oak, sallow,
willow, and low plants
„ spadicea sloe, hawthorn, and
honeysuckle when young ; later
on various low plants
S. satellitia oak, &c. ; between
the leaves ; also other cater-
pillars
D. rubiginea apple, dandelion,
and other low plants
H. croceago oak
X. citrago lime, between united
leaves
„ silago sallow
lt aura go beech; hides in the
chinks of the bark
ii gilvaS° wytch elm (seeds)
„ ferruginea ...sallow, aspen (buds),
wytch elm (seeds)
C. xerampelina ash
T. retusa, b sallow, poplar,
willow ; between the leaves
E. fulvago oak, birch
D. oo oak, between united
leaves
C. trapezina oak, birch, horn-
beam, &c. ; also other cater-
pillars
„ difnnis elm; between united
leaves
E. ochroleuca ...Dactylis glomerata
D. capsophila ... Silene maritima
(seeds) ; will also eat S. inflata ;
may be found this month in all
stages of growth
P. xanthomista Plantago maritima,
campion, violet, harebell, &c. ;
found amongst the r. by day ;
feeds on the fl., &c., at night
„ flavocincta ...chickweed, ground-
sel, mint, everlasting pea, &c.,
plum, &c.
D. templi Heracleum sphondy-
lium ; inside the stem, and r.
E. nigra Galium Mollugo,
plantain, dock, chickweed,
grass
,, viminalis sallow
„ lichenea from Nov. , ragwort,
and various low plants, on the
coast
V. oleagina sloe ; in shady
places, and skirts of woods
M. oxyacanthas hawthorn, sloe
A. Aprilina oak ; hides in bark
crevices during the day
H. satura honeysuckle
„ protea, b. ...oak
„ dentina roots of dandelion
,, peregrina Chenopodium, and
Salsola kali
X. lithoriza honeysuckle
C. solidaginis ...bilberry; will also
eat hawthorn
C. vetusta poplar, and various
meadow, and marsh plants
n exoleta scabious, campion,
rest harrow, dock, Eryngium
maritimum, turnip, asparagus,
&c.
X . lambda Myrica gale ; on
moors
„ furcifera,m. ...alder, birch
„ rhizolitha oak
„ petrificata ...oak, lime, birch
C. verbasci Verbascum, and
Scrophularia aquatica. Most
of. the Cucullia feed in the
sunshine
„ scrophularias ...Scrophularia no-
dosa
8o
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
. . . . Eupatorium canna-
and
LAEVJE]
C. chamomillse chamomile, fl.,
Pyrethrum inodorum, and P.
maritinum. Basks in the sun-
shine. Has been found in
waste places, shipwright's yards,
&c.
H. armigera wild mignonette
H. arbuti Cerastium arvense,
fl. and seeds, forget-me-not, &c.
A. sulphuralis. ...small convolvulus
A. luctuosa small convolvulus ;
feeds by night, principally on
the unexpanded fl.-buds
B. parthenias ...birch; s. beech, and
oak
„ notha aspen, sallow ; be-
tween united leaves
P. orichalcea ...Eupatorium canna-
binum
„ bractea...
binum
„ festucse Carex, reeds,
grasses ; near the sea
„ iota nettle, dead nettle,
honeysuckle, groundsel, &c.
„ interrogation's nettle
G. libatrix willow, sallow,
poplar
A. pyramidea ... oak, elm, birch,
willow
,r tragopogonis hawthorn, larkspur,
columbine (seed pods), and low
plants
T. craccse Vicia sylvatica
C. nupta willow, poplar
„ promissa oak
„ sponsa oak
M. salicalis (?) ...sallow, willow
„ rostralis hop
H. derivalis from Aug., among
dead oak leaves
„ cribralis, b. ...from Aug., Carex
sylvatica, and Luzula pilosa
P. glaucinalis ...in nest-like forma-
tions on the end of birch twigs.
Larvae, pupae, and imagos are
all found during this month
C. angustalis ...moss, on sea shores
P. punicealis ...Nepeta cataria, fl.
heads
JUNE
P. purpuralis Mentha arvensis,
between the leaves
„ ostrinalis var. of P. purpu-
ralis ?
H. cespitalis, e. under leaves of
Sal via pratensis, and Plantago
A. niveus in a case, under the
leaves of Potamogeton
P. forficalis cabbage, horserad-
ish, &c.
.Artemisia, near the
. broom, clover ?
, .Senecio
,.the lichens on sloe,
parietana, and P.
S. sticticalis ...
coast
,, cinctalis ...
S. alpinalis ....
S. lineola
Parmelia
olivacea
C. fascelinellus...at Yarmouth, in the
r. and stems of Triticum jun-
ceum, spinning silken galleries
about the r.
„ paludellus ...Typha latifolia
C. cicatricellus...bullrush
,, phragmitellus from Oct., common
reed
S. forficellus Poa aquatica
„ mucronellus... common reed
ii gigantellus ...common reed
I . carnella Lotus corniculatus,
fl.
H. binsevella, b. in heads of thistles
H. senecionis ...mines in stems of
ragwort
E. pinguis under the bark of
ash
N. genistella ...from Sept., furze ;
also Genista Corsica
P. dilutella thyme
,, subornatella..thyme (Zeller) Glo-
bularia vulgaris (Herr Mann),
between the leaves
„ obductella ...in spun-up leaves of
Origanum vulgare, Mentha
arvensis, Melissa acinos
R. consociella ...oak
„ advenella ...hawthorn
„ suavella sloe
O. ahenella under the radical
leaves of Helianthemum vulgare
„ tumidella oak
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
81
LARVJE]
O. rubrotibiella, b. oak
G. cerella wax, in beehives
S. Revayana ...sallow (?)
T. podana rose, fruit trees, &c.
,, rosana almost any plant
„ heparana hawthorn, &c.
„ ribeana hawthorn, and al-
most any tree
„ corylana plane trees, &c.
„ costana figwort, and other
marsh plants
„ viburnana ...Myrica gale, and
Vaccinium
,, icterana knapweed, plantain,
and almost any low plant
„ viridana oak, birch, &c.
„ adjunctana ...ivy, &c.
CE. pilleriana ...vine, and almost any
plant
L. literana oak
„ niveana birch
,, Boscana elm
P. autumnana ...Myrica, sallow, &c.
„ comariana ...Comarum,Fragaria,
&c. , in boggy heaths, and fens
„ Schalleriana hawthorn
„ camparana ...
„ Caledoniana Myrica gale
„ variegana bramble, hawthorn,
&c.
„ cristana dwarf sallows, and
hawthorn, between united leaves
,, Hastiana, e. dwarf sallows
„ maccana Myrica gale
„ ferrugana birch, oak
, , tristana guelder rose
„ aspersana Potentilla, meadow-
sweet
„ Shepherdana hemp agrimony,
meadow sweet, in the tops
„ lipsiana (?) ... Myrica gale
T. caudana willow, sallow,
poplars
D. Bergmanniana, b. rose ; folded
leaves
„ Foskaleana ...maple, lime
P. Lecheana sallow, willow, oak,
honeysuckle, &c.
P. sellana heads of Centaurea ?
Cirsium ?
G
JUNE
P. marginana ...teazle heads, and
probably in seed-heads of various
Composite in heaths, and fens
S. roborana rose
P. tripunctana...sloe, &c.
A. Udmanniana bramble
S. euphorbiana... Euphorbia paralias,
heads
„ littorana sea pink
„ lacunana various low plants
, , urticana various low plants
„ M. Ratzeburgiana spruce fir, ter-
minal shoots and needles
P. rugosana Bryonia dioica
S. subjectana ...various plants
„ virgaureana... various plants
„ chrysantheana various plants
„ penziana the r. of grass, on
rocks
S. ictericana almost any low plant
G. nsevana holly
„ geminana in shoots of Vacci-
nium
H. angustana
shoots
P. corticana ...
,, profundana
., occultana...
..sallow, and willow
.hawthorn
.oak
larch, and Scotch fir
jj Solandriana... birch, alder, nut,
poplar
„ semifuscana... meadow sweet, and
dwarf sallow shoots
E. foenana from Oct., in r. of
Artemisia
P. mercuriana ...Dryas octopetala
.in shoots of Scotch fir
.r. of Achillea mille-
.. tansy, r. ?
..shoots of chrysan-
P. pinicolana
D. politana ..
folium
„ .alpinana ?
„ consortana
themum
C. maritimana...in stems, or r. of
Artemisia maritima
„ pupillana? ...in r. of Artemisia
maritima
S. vibrana Carduusacanthoides,
and C. crispus
C. scintillulana...Scutellaria galericu-
lata
X. Fabriciana ...nettle
82
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] JUNE
in seeds of Linaria
E. Degreyana ?
vulgaris
X. hamana has been bred from
Ononis repens
C. rutilana in a web, among
juniper
L. phryganella...oak, hawthorn, bil-
berry, &c.
T. pseudo-bombycella from Oct.,
lichen, on oak, beech, &c.; in
a long, slender case between
united leaves
P. calvella (fusca) from Aug., on
bramble ; 2 years feeding up
S. inconspicuella on tree trunks, and
palings
P. Verhuellella in the indusia of
Asplenium ruta-muraria, and
Scolopendrum vulgare
X. argentimaculella powdery lichens,
on walls
T. tapetzella ...woollen cloth, &c.
„ pellionella ...in carpets, cloth,
feathers, &c.
„ pallescentella in rabbit, hare, and
cat skins
I. muscalella oak ; mines the
leaves about this time, then cuts
out its case, and feeds on the
ground, on all kinds of plants
I. Zinckenella ...in birch leaves
S. comptella .sloe, and plum
S. cratsegella ...hawthorn, sloe
Y. viginipunctella, e. Sedum tele-
phium
lr plumbella ...spindle
„ irrorella spindle
padella hawthorn, apple,
&c.
P. xylostella turnip, &c.
,, porrectella ... Barbara vulgaris,
Hesperis matronalis
(l annulatella ...Cochlearia
„ Dalella Arabis
H. vittella elm
Y. sylvella oak
„ alpella oak
„ lucella oak
M horridella apple, sloe
H. scabrella apple, hawthorn
H. nemorella ...honeysuckle
P. caudella spindle
O. sparganiella... stems of Spargan-
ium
P. quercella oak, and between
leaves of sallow
E. Allisella Artimisia vulgaris
D. costosella furze, broom, and
Genista fl.
liturella . . .
pallorella .,
* scabiosa
umbellella
assimilella
arenella .
..knapweed
,in leaves of Centaurea
...furze
...broom
...Anthriscus, thistles,
and knapweed
„ subpropinquella thistle
„ Alstraemeriella hemlock
„ vaccinella wild carrot
„ capreolella ...wild carrot
„ hypericella ...Hypericum
„ conterminella shoots of sallow
„ angelicella ...Angelica
„ Yeatesiella ...wild carrot
„ applanella ... wild carrot, and
most Umbelliferse
„ granulosella. . . Anthriscus vulgaris,
Chserophyllum, and other
Umbelliferae
„ depressella ...seed-heads of wild
carrot
„ pimpinella ...Anthriscus
,, albipunctella Chserophyllum
„ cnicella in Eryngium mariti-
mum, and E. campestris, on the
Continent
„ pulcherimellaBuniumflexuosumfl.
„ Weirella Anthriscus
„ chasrophyllivorella Chaerophyllum
,, ultimella wild parsnip
„ nervosella ...parsnip, and CEnan-
the crocata
„ heracliella ...thistle, Heracleum,
and parsnip
„ olerella on Achillea mille-
folium
P. gibbosella ...sallows
G. rufescentella in grasses
„ nigra on Populus nigra,
and P. tremula
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
LARVAE] JUNE
G. temerella sallow shoots
lf lentiginosella Genista
„ alacella lichens, on fruit trees
„ artemisiella thyme, between
terminal leaves
„ albipalpella... Genista anglica, be-
tween united leaves
,, affinella under moss, on old
walls
„ rhombella ...in wild apple leaves
„ maculella in seeds, and shoots
of Stellaria
„ Hubnerella (?) in oak tumps
,, ocellatella ...Beta maritima, fl.
atriplicella ...Atriplex, and Che-
** nopodium
„ leucatella hawthorn, apple,
mountain ash
„ albicapitella Genista anglica
„ vorticella Lotus corniculatus
„ tseniolella ...Lotus corniculatus,
and other Leguminosae, between
united leaves
„ sircomella ? . . .Cerastium vulgatum
,, atrella in Hypericum stems
„ naaviferella ...in leaves of Atriplex,
and Chenopodium
._„ Hermannella in leaves of Atriplex,
and Chenopodium
„ subdecurtella Ly thrum salicaria
„ ericinella heath
„ Knaggsiella, b. in seed capsules
of Stellaria holostea
P. neuropterella from Oct., in heads
• of Cirsium acaule
C. striatella tansy, in the stem
C. conscriptella ? birch
A. spartiella furze
N. Durdhamella Origanum, in rolled-
up leaves
A. granitella ...Inula dysenterica,
in the leaves
G. Haworthella Eriphorum, seeds
„ equitella ...inshootsofSedumacre
A. spinella in mountain ash
sorbiella mountain ash, shoots
.Scotch fir, in the
C. farinatella
leaves
O. pinariella
leaves
G2
.Scotch fir, in the
Z. saxifragae, b. onSaxifragaazoides,
&c.
G. stigmatella ...in sallow, willow,
poplar
„ tringipennella in plantain
„ syringella ash, privet, and lilac
„ auroguttella... willow herb, and
Hypericum
„ Kollariella, e. mining leaves of
broom
C. Brogniartella oak
C. alcyonipennella Centaurea, bur-
dock, and thistles
„ vibicella Genista tinctoria
„ conspicuella. . . Centaurea nigra, &c.
„ pyrrhulipennella heath
„ anatipennella sloe
, , niveicostella . . . thyme
„ genistaecolella Genista anglica
„ saturatella ...from Sept., broom
„ onosmella, b. Echium vulgare
„ troglodytella Inula dysenterica,
Eupatorium cannabinum
„ murinipennella rushes
„ albitarsella ...Origanum
„ nigricella hawthorn, sloe, apple
n gryphipennella rose
„ viminetella ...sallow, and osier
„ lutipennella...oak, birch
„ ardesepennella, e. oak
„ artemisiella . . Artemisia
B. praeangustella sallow, willow, pop-
lar ; between united leaves
O. v-flavella in fungi, and wine
corks
C. Illigerella, b. ^Egopodium poda-
graria, in crumpled leaves
„ chaerophyllella, e. most Umbelli-
ferae
L. miscella sun cistus
„ conturbatella Epilobium angusti-
folium, among terminal leaves
„ epilobiella ...Epilobiumhirsutum,
tops
„ decorella in stems of Epilo-
bium montanum, E.parviflorum,
E. palustre, E. hirsutum, &c.t
producing gall-like swellings
H. Rosella Atriplex and Cheno-
-* podium
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
A. modestella
holostea
A. Pfeifferella
E. atricomella
JUNE
,.in seeds of Stellaria
dogwood
.in stems of Dactylis
glomerata
„ Megerlella ... in Brachypodium,
Bromus, Aira, &c.
„ adscitella in Sesleria cserulea,
and Aira csespitosa
„ rhyncosporella Eriphorum, andCarex
„ triatomella ...in a fine grass
„ pollinariella... Brachypodium syl-
vaticum
ti cygnipennella Dactylis glomerata,
and other grasses
T. marginea in bramble
L. quinqueguttella in dwarf sallows
P. sufifusella in poplars
„ salignella in willows
C. Wailesella ...in Genista tinctoria
B. maritimella ...Tripolium vulgare
„ artemisiella . . . Artemisia campes-
tris, and yarrow
N. sericopeza ...sycamore
N. centifoliella...Rosa centifolia, and
R. canina
„ ulmivorella ...elm
T. pulverosella in wild apple
P. rhododactylus in fl. of rose
„ Bertrami, b. Achilleamillefolium,
and A. ptarmica
,, acanthodactylus Bartsia, and rest
harrow
„ hieracii Hieracium umbella-
tum, and Teucrium scorodouia,
first biting through the stems,
. and causing the leaves to wither
„ laetus Audryala sinuata,
on the Continent
tf pilosellse Hieracium pilosella
„ phaeodactylus rest harrow
„ Lienigianus... Artemisia vulgaris
„ spilodactylus Marrubiam vulgare
„ brachydactylus Lactuca muralis,
&c.
„ baliodactylus Origanum vulgare
„ tetradactylus . . . thyme
dichrodactylus tansy
poteriella Poteriam sanguisorba A. polydactyla... honeysuckle, buds
The various modes in which the metamorphosis of pupation is carried out
in the Lepidoptera constitute a most interesting subject of study ; and in the
months succeeding those most prolific in insect life that variety is seen to
perfection. The forms, indeed, seem —
"Numerous as shadows haunting fairily
The brain, new stuff'd, in youth, with
triumphs gay
Of old romance. "
The peculiar mode of concealment known as "the cocoon," variously worked
out, is more especially seen in the summer months, at least in the species we
have been able to tabulate ; while in those changing towards the autumn the
subterranean form becomes more common. While some species are remark-
able for the little trouble they take in effecting this change — simply spinning
a few threads, or even dispensing with these — others are conspicuous for the
care and labour they put into the work. Although some of the changes are
peculiar to some families, it is found to be impossible to make simple form of
pupation a basis for classification. While some cocoons are as flimsy as a
cobweb, others are as tough as horn, with intermediary forms of texture both
numerous and remarkable ; yet all are the result of fluid exudations woven
into form and substance by the caterpillar. While the pupae of some, even
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
PTTPJE] JUNE
of the commonest species, are conspicuously exposed without covering, and
therefore fully open to injury or destruction, those of others are carefully
swathed in silk, and surrounded by almost indestructible coverings, and in-
geniously concealed, or buried in the earth,
"Far from the sun and summer gale."
It is the business of the collector, by acquiring a knowledge of the habits of
as many species as possible, to learn their secrets, and ' ' by his so potent art, "
to bring them to the light of day, for his own and others' advantage.
A. Paphia on a stem of bramble, L.
or some low shrub, in woods
,, Aglaia, e. ...among violet, and
wild heartsease, on hillsides, „
&c. ; suspended by the tail
within an enclosure of spun Z.
leaves, on the top of the plant,
or attached to stalks of bent L.
grass, &c. P.
„ Adippe among, or near Z.
violets
,, Latona among dog violet, „
or sweet violet
M. Athalia, b suspended, among „
plantain, &c.
V. c-album, b. ... suspended, among „
nettle, and on walls, &c.
„ urticae suspended, among
nettle „
L. sibylla, e. ...suspended, on stems
of fern, underside of leaf of N.
honeysuckle, &c.
A. Iris has been found sus- S.
pencled from underside of oak,
and sallow leaf, and neighbour-
ing objects
A. Galatea attached to timothy,
and other grass C.
E. Medea, e. ...among moorland
grass, near the ground L.
S. Semele under r. of Aira,and
Triticum, and clods, on dry „
banks
„ lanira ) attached to a „
„ Hyperanthus,e. ) blade of grass, &c.
C. Davus among, or near „
Rhyncospora alba ; freely sus-
pended
T. w-album, b. at wytch elm ; fas- „
tened on a leaf, or twig
^Egon, e among Ornithopus
perpusillus, at the base of the
plant-stems
Artaxerxes, b. slightly attached to
stems of sun cistus, neartheground
sesculi in r., branch, or
twig of elm, pear, &c.
asellus spun up, on a leaf
statices spun up, on sorrel
minos oval cocoon, attached
to stones
trifolii cocoon on stem of
grass, &c. ; yellow
meliloti cocoon on grass
stems, &c: ; pale yellow
lonicera cocoon on stem of
grass, &c. ; some yellow, some
white
filipendulse ...cocoon on stem of
grass, &c. ; white
albulalis probably in the
leaves of bramble, or ash
irrorella, b. . . .in a slight web, under
stones, oyster, cockle, mussel
shells, &c. , covered with ground
lichen; on the coast, just above
the tide mark
miniata spun up, under moss,
on lichen-covered trees
deplana spun up, on lichen-
covered trees
lurideola spun up, on lichen-
covered trees, and old walls
molybdeola...spun up, under
stones, or moss
complana under moss, on lichen-
covered sloe, and fir, and on
rocks, on the sea shore
griseola under moss, on lichen-
covered poplars, £c,
86
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JUNE
L. quadra, e ...... on palings, near
lichen-covered trees, in crevices
of bark, or between leaves
E. grammica ...cocoon between
leaves of food-plant
C. dominula ...... spun up, near its
food-plant
C. caia ............ in a slight cocoon,
amongst leaves, &c. ; on palings,
&c.
L. chrysorrhaea in a slight cocoon,
amongst leaves, &c.
„ auriflua ...... in a slight cocoon,
on palings, &c.
O. fascelina ...... spun up, among
dwarf sallow
E. lanestris, e. ...to Jan.; hard, oval
cocoon on the ground, near haw-
thorn, sloe, &c. ; s. remains in
pupa many years
B. neustria ...... in cocoon among, or
near sloe, hawthorn, and fruit
trees
L. quercifolia ...in a dark, papery
cocoon, amongst leaves, &c.
O. potatoria ...... papery cocoon, on,
or near coarse grass
O. sambucata ...cocoon, hung among
ivy, &c.
E. vespertaria under moss, on nut, &c.
„ apiciaria ...... under moss, on pop-
lar, willow, sallow
M. margaritata at various trees ; on
the ground
P. syringaria ...fastened to a twig,
or under a leaf, or blade of grass;
the caterpillar skin is often
found hanging from the long-
tailed pupa
C. elinguaria ...between leaves of
honeysuckle, hawthorn, sloe,
&c. ; on the ground, or under
moss
E. angularia ...... under moss, on oak,
birch, beech, &c.
N. zonaria ...... sub. , on sand-hills
„ hispidaria ...to Jan., at oak
C. glabraria ..... at fir
B. abietaria ...... sub., at larch, and
spruce
G. papilionaria, b. in a transparent
cocoon, among leaves, and moss,
on various trees
I. vernaria in loose cocoon,
amongst leaves, in, or near
Clematis vitalba
A. rusticata sub., at ?
,r incanaria sub., at ?
„ ornata sub., near thyme
„ straminata ...on heaths, in a loose
cocoon, near, or on the ground
„ emutaria in marshy places
„ inornata spun up, among
leaves of poplar, willow, and
heath
H. vauaria spun up, among
leaves of gooseberry, currant,
&c.
S. dealbata in shuttle - shaped
cocoon, on grass stems
A. grossulariata, b. between united
leaves of gooseberry, currant,
sloe, nut, &c.
E. subciliata about maple
,r rectangulata on apple, and crab ;
under moss, and loose bark
T. firmata in a cocoon, among
fir
Y. elutata, b. ...amongst seed-down
of sallow, and moss, &c., on
nearly every kind of tree
C. sagittata spun up, about
Thalictrum, or on the ground,
near ; in fens
„ prunata on currant, and
gooseberry ; between leaves
„ testata spun up, among
leaves of birch, sallow, poplar ;
generally on heaths, in the
North
C. spinula spun up, among
hawthorn, and sloe
C. curtula spun up, between
dead leaves of poplars, and sal-
low
P. palpina at willows, and pop-
lars ; on edges of streams ; or
under sods
L. impura among Dactylis
glomerata ; on the ground
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JUNE
X. polyodon, b. under clods, and stones P.
M. abjecta under clods, and
stones, in an earthen cocoon A.
A. unanimis under bark of wil-
lows ; in damp places, and
among decayed willow wood
M. arcuosa, b. ...at the crown of r. M.
of Aira caespitosa
,( ripae, b sub., near Cyno- C.
glossum officinale ; on the coast ;
found by raking sand-hills H.
„ cursoria by raking sand-hills,
on the coast P.
T. Orbona among broom, and C.
low plants ; on the surface
O. upsilon, b. ...under bark, or spun
up, at r. of willow, and poplar A.
C. xerampelina sub. , at ash ; cocoon
very tender, and brittle ; s. the G.
larva remains unchanged in the
cocoon for several weeks H.
T. subtusa sub., at poplar
E. fulvago spun up, in dead
leaves, &c. ; and probably s. A.
sub., at oak, and birch P.
D. oo at oak, on the „
ground j in an oval cocoon
C. trapezina, e. at oak, birch, horn- „
beam, &c. ; among leaves, on,
or near the surface „
D. capsophila ...to April, sub., about „
Silene maritima ; on the coast „
„ capsincola ...to April, about
Silene maritima ; on the coast fr
E. viminalis sub. , near sallow „
„ lichenea sub., by Sedumacre, ,t
&c. ; near the coast „
P. bractea near the r. of Eupa-
torium cannabinum „
„ festucae amongst grasses, ,,
reeds, &c. ; near the coast „
iota amongst the leaves
of nettle, dead nettle, &c.
pyramidea, b. at oak, elm, birch,
willow ; cocoon on the ground,
in spun up, withered leaves,
&c.
maura spun up, under loose
bark, &c.
sponsa, e. ...at oak; among the
leaves on the tree
cribralis among sallow, Lu-
zula pilosa, and Carex sylvatica
glaucinalis ...among birch twigs
fascelinellus...in cocoons, just un-
der the sand, among Triticum
junceum
lotella among Festucaovina,
and Aira canescens
canella from Oct., among
Salsola kali
quercana in a boat-shaped,
light green cocoon, amongst
oak leaves
Bennetii on Statice limonium
ochrodactylus on tansy
parvidactylus on thyme, and
hawkweed
plagiodactylus on scabious, and
speedwell
fuscodactylus on speedwell
lithodactylus on fleabane
tephradactylus on golden rod, in
shady places
osteodactylus on golden rod
galeodactylus on burdock
pentadactylus on convolvulus
spilodactylus, e. on Marrubium
vulgare
tetradactylus on thyme
pentadactylus on convolvulus
dichrodactylus on tansy
IMAGOS]
Every available place where the Lepidoptera "most do congregate" will
now, during this, the most prolific month in the year for the perfect insect,
be eagerly scanned by the collector desirous of making the best use of his
time. The sun is near his meridian, and long and brilliant days promise
excellent sport, if we are only properly endued with that "fiery quality,"
88
IMAGOS] JUNE
energy. As some species can be more readily taken early on sunny summer
mornings, the hours of sleep should not be unduly prolonged. Some stern
poet cynically says : —
" Nature requires five ;
Custom gives seven ;
Laziness takes nine ;
And wickedness eleven !"
And though we shall, of course, meet with many species "of no mark or
likelihood," we can scarcely fail in a fair locality to be rewarded with some
good prizes. Many butterflies commence flying at seven o'clock in the morn-
ing on hot days. In day searching, the beating-stick will be a sine quA non;
but low bushes and herbage should not be beaten from the top, but rather
from beneath, otherwise many species which are concealed therein are only
driven lower down. Not much good will attend the beating of thatch this
month. The food of the larvae of the species required, especially where it
occurs in some plenty, should have special attention paid to it. Flowers,
especially Silene, Lychnis, honeysuckle, and ragwort, are often a great
attraction. . The lime, and other trees which blossom this month, should be
sought for and examined. Cossus infected trees, and gummy exudations from
fruit trees are alike a fascination, both for butterflies and moths. Day sugar-
ing, as well as by night, has been recommended, and where flowers are scarce
is generally successful. Many species may be smoked out of grass, bushes,
and banks by ignited touch-paper. Among those species which do not travel
quietly when boxed are T. rubi, H. hectus, A. velleda, C. plantaginis, T.
derasa, and T. batis.
At that charming time, when
" the twilight shadows grow,
And steal the rose-bloom genial summer sheds,"
many species start out from their hiding places, and remain on the wing for
a short time only. Then is the "witching time" to catch them; and in
some favoured places local species appear in swarms at such times.
At night, when
" The dark, delightsome woods lie veiled and still,"
many fragrant flowers become extra fragrant, and additionally attractive to
moths. The following are more especially of this character : — Wallflowers,
lime blossoms, the butterfly orchis, the fragrant orchis (occurring on chalky
heaths) the musk mallow, and the yellow bedstraw. The lure of "sugar,"
too, at this time may be used with advantage, especially where there are few
flowers ; or the flowers themselves may be sugared, more particularly in
places where there are no trees. Large bare tracks may be thus made to
yield a good harvest. If pieces of white paper are placed near the trees, &c.,
when they are sugared, they may be readily seen and identified in the dark
in the successive visits which are paid to them in the course of the night.
The French are said to use putrid soapsuds as a bait, as the sugar in France,
which is made from beet, is not attractive, from having no smell. Artificial
light is also a great means of capture. A bright light placed near a partially-
open window is recommended.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
89
IMAGOS] JUNE
Many species may be found at rest on tree trunks, and palings and fences
near. S. fagi is a prize well worth the search. It rests almost as if set out on
the tree, and from the light brown of its ample, serrated wings forming a con-
trast to the dark trunk on which it rests, it can sometimes be discovered a
good distance off. It is useless looking for it (or indeed for any other species
which rest on trunks) among very young trees. The difficulty generally is in
first finding a species, as the eye does not exactly know what it is looking for,
and mistakes many of the stains and marks on trees and palings for insects ;
but having once seen the desiderated species, the eye, thus educated, will ever
afterwards quickly detect it. The number of markings on trees and wooden
fences which resemble moths is surprising ; but when we know the species
we are looking for, and the exact appearance they present when spread out
flat, as they generally are, little difficulty is felt in rapidly making a thorough
examination of a large number of trees. After having looked at a tree or
fence, and found nothing, it is desirable to give it a parting tap with a stick ;
like the magic wand of a harlequin it will sometimes bring forth something
we little expected.
P. Machaon ...fens, and marshes
P. cratcegi, e. ...near woods, &c.
„ brassicse gardens, &c.
„ rapse gardens, &c.
„ napi gardens, &c.
A. cardamines... fields, &c.
C. Edusa lucerne, and clover
fields, and railway banks ; fond
of fl.
A. Paphia, e. ...woods
„ Aglaia, e. ...hillsides, coast sand-
hills, &c.
„ Niobe, <J b. ... hillsides, in company
with Aglaia, or Adippe. Has
occurred in Kent, the New
Forest, and near Windermere
„ Adippe, e. ...woods
„ Euphrosyne, b. woods, &c.
„ Selene woods, &c.
M.Artemis wet meadows
„ Cinxia
„ Athalia woods, and heaths
V. c. -album, e. gardens, hopgrounds,
&c.
„ urticse, e gardens, fields, &c.
L. sibylla, e. .. woods, parks, forests
E. epiphron in marshy hollows,
on mountain sides
S. lanira, e fields, &c.
„ hyperanthus woods, &c.
C. Davus Northern moors
„ Pamphilus ...fields, &c.
T. w-album, e. flies over trees, and
is attracted by fl. of bramble,
lime trees, grass, &c.
,r pruni woods, at fl. of
privet, &c.
P. Phloeas fields, lanes, coast
sand-hills, &c. ; at fl. ; rests on
sorrel, &c., at night
L. Artaxerxes (var.) at St. Arthur's
seat, &c.
„ agestis hilly fields, &c.
„ Alexis fields,, hills, &c. ;
rests on grass stalks, &c., in
dull weather, and at night
„ Alsus hilly fields, rail-
way banks, coast sand-hills, &c.
„ Arion dry, hilly fields,
where thyme abounds, and de-
serted stone quarries, in hilly
districts ; rests on grass stems,
&c. , in dull weather, and at night
N. Lucina, b. ...woods, and banks
near, where primrose abounds
H. sylvanus woods, hills, &c.
„ Paniscus, e. ... woods
S. ocellatus ...
„ populi on trees, palings,
„ tilise &c., come to 1.
„ ligustri
D. euphorbise ...has occurred on the
coast, and at Killing, Ireland,
among Euphorbia
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
H
P.
z.
IMAGOS] JUNE
C. porcellus may be found on
patches of Galium verum, or on
the ground, near ; hovers over
fl. at early dusk, and comes to
sugar
„ elpenor at honeysuckle, yel-
low flag, and other fl., and at
light
„ nerii
M. fuciformis, b. flies in the sunshine,
and hovers over fl., from 9 till
II a.m., and 3 to 4 p.m.
„ bombyliformis flies in the sun-
shine, and hovers over fl., sel-
dom after I or 2 p.m.
S. myopreformis on old apple, and
pear trees, and fl., bushes, and
palings near )(
„ culiciformis... on birch ,,
f( formicseformis, b. in, and near „
withy beds ; flies in the sun-
shine ; fond of sunning itself on
leaves
„ chrysidiformis, e. on the S.E. ,,
coast ; flies from about 9 to 1 1 „
a.m., and 3 to 4 p.m. ; "booms S.
along like a burnet " N.
„ ichneumoniformis by sweeping the N,
fl. of rushes, &c., on slopes on
the coast ; hovers over fl. „
„ cynipiformis...at rest, on oak; s. „
in coppices S.
„ muscseformis on the coast, among L.
sea pink „
„ tipuliformis among currant
bushes ; flies in the sunshine,
and rests on the leaves „
„ scoliseformis...
„ sphegiformis, b. at rest, on alder, ,,
and low plants ; hovers over fl. ; „
also flies in the evening ,r
„ asiliformis ...
„ apiformis on poplars; liable „
to be mistaken for a hornet
M. arundinis ...among reeds; emerges
from the pupa generally at about E.
lop.m. D.
Z. oesculi on trees, &c.
C. ligniperda ...on trees, and palings E.
H. hectus ...flies at dusk
. lupulinus flies just before dusk
velleda on walls, and in
crevices of birch trunks
humuli infields, &c.
asellus, e. ...
testudo may be shaken from
young oaks ; the £ flies in the
sunshine
statices, b. ...in damp meadows
geryon on grassy hill-sides ;
flies in the sunshine
globularise, m. in grassy places ;
very local ; generally appears
on the I4th, or I5th
minos flies in the sunshine,
during the early part of the day;
afterwards rests on fl.
nubigena flies in the sunshine
trifolii flies in the sunshine
meliloti, e. ...smaller, slenderer,
and less densely clothed than
trifolii, and the marginal bor-
der of the hind wing narrower
lonicerse flies in the sunshine
filipendulse ...flies in the sunshine
phegea on old ramparts
ancilla
, cucullatella ...at rest, on trees, and
palings
confusalis at rest, on trees, &c.
strigula
irrorella on the coast
mesomella ...on trees, &c.
aureola, b. ...rests on larch trunks,
high up, and may be beaten
from trees
deplana .beaten from yew,
larch, &c.
lurideola at fl.
griseola comes to fl.
stramineola (var. ) by damp wood-
sides, ditches, and fens
rubricollis . .flies in the sunshine,
over trees, &c.; s. perches on
grass
grammica, e. on heaths
pulchella has been taken in
fields, flying by day
jacobese, e. ...gardens, fields, &c. ;
flies in the sunshine
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JUNE
C. dominula at rest
E. russula on heaths
C. plantaginis ...on hills, and in
woods near
„ villica, e comes to 1.
A. fuliginosa
„ mendica, b. ...at rest
,, lubricepeda ...gardens, &c.
„ menthrasti ...gardens, &c.
,, urticae in wet places
L. dispar formerly found at
large, but now the breed seems
to be entirely maintained arti-
ficially
O. pudibunda ...in gardens, &c. ;
flies about H p.m.
„ fascelina on heaths, &c.
,, ccenosa fens, and marshes
,, gonostigma ...local
D. coryli beech woods, &c.
B. rubi heaths, &c. ; s. flies
in the afternoon sunshine, and
in the evening
,, roboris, e. ...flies at dusk; more
frequently met with in the larva
state
L. quercifolia ...hedges, &c.
E. vespertaria ...flies from 7, to 9, or
10 a.m.
„ advenaria ...among bilberry, and
grass, in wood ridings ; hides
low down in the herbage, but
is easily disturbed
R. crataegata ...hedges, &c.
V. maculata woods; flies by day
A. prunaria, m. woods ; flies in the
sunshine, also at dusk
M. margaritata hedges, &c.
E. fasciaria, e. ...beaten from fir trees;
flies at night
E. dolobraria, b. woods ; rests ex-
posed on leaves of bushes, &c.,
and may be beaten from oak
P. syringaria ...gardens, &c. ; flies
at dusk, over fl.
S. lunaria, b. ...woods
A. betularia at rest
H. abruptaria, b. gardens, &c. ; at
rest, on palings, tree trunks,
&c. ; conies to 1.
on lichen-covered
C. viduaria
M lichenaria, e.
oak trunks
B. repandata ..gardens, &c. ; comes
to sugar ; rests on tree trunks
„ rhomboidaria gardens, &c. ; on
palings, and trees
,, perfumaria ...
„ cinctaria on tree trunks
„ roboraria on oak trunks
„ consortaria ...on tree trunks
T. extersaria ...at sugar
„ punctulata, b.
B. fuliginaria
P. cytisaria heaths, forests, and
waste places, on the coast ;
beaten from broom, furze, and
heath
G. papilionaria, e. woods, forests, fens;
flies at dusk ; may be beaten
from trees, in the day time ; has
been found among brake fern
N. viridata, b. ...mosses, and fens
I. lactearia woods ; flies by day;
soon fades
P. baiularia flies at dusk, 10 or
12 feet high; the 9 attracts the £
H. thymiaria ...beaten, from hedges
E. porata, b. ...woods
„ punctaria woods
„ trilinearia . . . flies in the sunshine,
among beech
„ omicronaria... beaten, from maple
„ orbicularia ...beaten, from birch
..woods; beaten, from
,, pendularia
trees
H. auroraria..
A. luteata
„ candidata..
sylvata
..in fens, &c.
..woods
..woods
..woods
Blomeraria ...on wooded hill-sides,
near wytch elms; at rest, on tree
trunks ; soon disturbed
E. heparata among alder
V. cambricaria, e. at rest, on rocks
A. ochrata on the Kent, and
Essex coasts
„ perochraria ...near Redhill
„ rubricata heaths, and coast
sand-hills ; flies at dusk
92
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JUNE
A. scutulata hedges, &c.
„ bisetata hedges, &c.
„ trigeminata ...
„ contiguaria ...Conway,Bangor,&c.
„ herbariata ...has been found in
herbalists' shops
„ osseata Portland, among
various plants. The Isle of
Portland is an excellent locality
for the Acidalia
,, dilutaria, e. ...
.Bristol, & Thetford
.on palings, &c., near
..near Manchester
,.on grassy hill-sides,
..woods
„ inter] ectana
„ incanaria ...
gardens
„ circellata
„ ornata
&c.
lf promutata
„ straminata ...
„ subsericeata beaten, from wild
rose
„ strigaria (?) ...bushes, on hills
„ immutata fens, &c.
,, remutata woods
„ fumata heaths, in the North
„ emutaria salt marshes of Kent,
Norfolk, and New Forest.
Flies at dusk. The Sheerness
specimens are more tinged with
rose colour than the others
„ aversata woods, &c.
„ inornata, e.... found on fir trunks.
Flies at dusk
„ degeneraria...at rest, on various
plants, and the face of the rock
at Portland
„ emarginata, e.
T. amataria lanes, and fields
C. pusaria ... ) d
„ exanthemana (
C. temerata woods, &c. ; near
wild cherry and buckthorn
„ taminata woods
M. alternata, b. woods
„ notata woods ; on birch
trunks
„ liturata beaten, from larch
S. clathrata clover, and saintfoin
fields, &c.
P. petraria
N. pulveraria ...
S. belgiaria on heaths
F. atomaria fields, woods, heaths,
fens
,, piniaria flies in the sunshine,
round fir trees
„ pinetaria Scotch heaths ; flies
in the sunshine
„ conspicuata... on broom
M. euphorbiata woods
S. dealbata flies in the sunshine
L. purpuraria ...on dry hills, in the
North ; flies by day
A. grossulariata gardens, and hedges
„ ulmata edges of woods
L. adustata among spindle
...woods
.Scotland. Comes to
L. marginata
L. didymata.
„ csesiata....
sugar
„ salicata, b. ...
„ olivata woods
,, pectinitaria ...in hedges; comes to
sugar
E. affhiitata beaten, from bushes,-
near woods
„ alchemillata...
„ albulata among yellow rattle
,f decolorata ... flies at dusk, at fl. of
Lychnis dioica
„ taeniata, e. ...
„ unifasciata ...at 1., has occurred
at Forest Hill, West Wickham,
and Cheltenham
,, ericetata at fl., on heaths;
flies by day
„ blandiata
E. venosata among Silene inflata,
and Lychnis, and on palings
near
,, consignata...in apple orchards;
rests on the trunks
„ linariata among toadflax
„ pulchellata ...among foxglove
„ centaureata ...on palings, &c., and
among ragwort
,, subfulvata ...at fl.
„ subumbrata ...Cambs, Yorks
„ plumbeolata.. at 1.
„ isogrammata
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
93
IMAGOS] JUNE
E. pygmseata ...flies in the sunshine,
among long grass, and settles
on low fl.
„ satyrata
„ egenata
.on palings, &c.
.among valerian
,, castigata ..
,, valerianata
„ trisignata..
„ lariciata among larch
„ virgaureata, b.
„ albipunctata
„ irriguata beaten from trees;
also at rest, on birch trunks
,, fraxinata among ash
,, indigata in fir woods
„ innotata at Wallasy
„ nanata on heaths
„ subnotata often on the banks
of rivers
„ campanulata at fl., in woods, &c.
„ absynthiata ...
,, knautiata has been taken by
Mr. Gregsonat Bull Hill, Bolton
„ tenuiata beaten, from sallows
„ dodoneata ...flies in the early
morning sunshine
„ exiguata
„ togata at rest, on tree trunks
„ rectangulata at rest, on apple, and
pear trees, and palings
„ debilitata may be beaten from
grass, on wood-paths
C. sparsata flies round sallows,
in the evening
L. sexalata on tree trunks, in
hedges, and by beating
„ viretata on birch, and fir trunks
T. variata among larch
Y. ruberata
„ elutata, e. ... woods ; flies high,
when disturbed
M. ocellata
„ albicillata ...
M. hastata may be beaten, from
birch, and other trees ; flies in
the sunshine, generally after 2
p.m. When flying high, it may
be brought within reach by
throwing a clod, &c., at it, as it
is very combative
M. procellata
clematis
„ unangulata .
banks
,, montanata .
„ galiata
A. sinuata ....
,, rubidata
C. munitata ....
, . .may be beaten, from
..beaten, from hedge-
.. woods
..beaten, from bushes
. . Cambs
..fond of settling on
the underside of fallen trees
„ propugnata ...woods
„ ferrugata woods
„ unidentaria ...
,, quadrifasciaria, e. on palings, &c.
C. bilineata hedges
P. tersata among clematis
„ lignata
„ vitalbata, b.... among clematis
S . vetulata among buckthorn
,, rhamnata ...among buckthorn,
and at light
„ certata among barberry, and
at rest on palings, &c.
„ undulata woods
...beaten, from bushes
...woods
...woods
...among willow herb
C. picata
„ corylata . .
„ russata
„ silaceata ..
,, prunata ..
„ fulvata
„ dotata, e. ..
E. mensuraria
„ palumbaria
„ lineolata ..
..beaten, from bushes
..near woods
..in grassy woods
..at light
..rests on coarse
grasses, on the coast
A. plagiata
L. griseata on the Norfolk coast,
among Sisymbrium
S. obliquaria ...among broom; does
not fly till between 10, and 1 1
p.m.
T. chrerophyllata flies in the sunshine,
in grassy places, near woods
P. lacertula beaten from birch
„ sicula, b
„ hamula flies in the day time,
generally in the morning; beaten
from oak
,, unguicula, b. flies in the day time
C. spinula on palings, &c.
94
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
S.
JUNE
rest on willows,
poplars, &c. '
vmula ......... )
fagi ............ at rest, on tree trunks,
and palings; generally in old
beech woods
bucephala ...at rest ; at light
crenata ...... formerly at Epping,
and Halton, Bucks.
palpina ......... at light
camelina ...... at light; hides on
fronds of fern, and in, and on
trees
cucullina, e. s.
bicolora ...... has been taken at
Burnt Wood, Staffordshire
dictsea ......... at rest, at base of
willows, and large poplars
dictaeoides ...
dromedarius at light
ziczac ......... hides in bark crevices
of poplar
trepida ......... at light, and on oak
trunks
Dodonea ......
derasa ...
batis, e. ..,
at dusk
duplaris . .
fluctuosa ...
or
ocularis, e.
Orion, e. . .
..flies over brambles,
do not always travel
quietly, when boxed.
C. or is s. found at
rest, on aspens
.at rest, on oak trunks
tridens ) rest, on trees,
psi ) palings, &c.
leporina rests on tree trunks,
s. high up
aceris on trunks of syca-
more, and palings near
megacephala on tree trunks, and
palings, among poplars
strigosa Cambs
alni at sugar
ligustri on ash trees
rumicis
menyanthidis heaths, &c.
myricse at Rannoch
venosa in fens
conigera
L. turca in grassy woods
„ lithargyria, e.
„ obsoleta in marshes
„ littoralis on coast sand-hills;
settles on tufts of Ammophila
arenaria
,, pudorina marshes, and fens
„ comma
„ straminea ...marshes, and fens
„ impura
„ pallens
,, phragmitidis marshes, and fens
T. Bondii rests on stems of
grass, at night
M. flammea marshes, and fens
S. ulvae marshes, &c.
N. despecta the Nonagriae fly at
dusk, for about 20 minutes, after
which they settle on fl. , and on
the foliage of their food-plant
„ concolor, e. ...fens
„ Hellmanni ...fens
G. flavago
A. putris at r. of trees
X. rurea
„ lithoxylea
,, sublustris
„ polyodon
„ hepatica
D. pinastri
N. saponaria ...comes to 1.
P. leucophaea ...
M. anceps marshes, and fens
„ albicolon, b. on the coast
„ furva, e
„ brassicse hides on walls, pa-
lings, &c.
persicariae on palings, &c.
A. basilinea
„ connexa
„ gemina
,, unanimis marshes, and fens
„ ophiogramma marshes, &c. ; s. at
light
„ oculea
M. strigilis
„ fasciuncula ...wet woods, &c. j
at fl.
„ literosa on the coast
„ furuncula
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
95
IMAGOS] JUNE
M. arcuosa, e. ...flies at dusk, then D.
settles on fl., and the foliage of
its food-plant „
P. captiuncula ...at Darlington „
G. trilinea „
H. palustris, b. has been taken at 1. „
A. caliginosa ...in moist woods
C. Morpheus ... H
„ blanda at fl. ,,
„ cubicularis ...beaten from thatch;
flies in hay fields P.
R. tenebrosa E.
A. valligera, e. mostly on the coast ; A.
at fl. „
„ Puta
„ suffusa ,,
„ segetum „
„ exclamationis often in kitchen
gardens „
„ corticea, e. ...comes to 1.
„ ripse under pieces of H
wood, &c. , near the coast „
porphyrea among heath; fre- „
quents the fl. at night „
„ ravida, m. ... „
, , py rophila at fl. „
T. fimbria "
come to 1.
„ Orbona
„ pronuba ...
N. augur
,r plecta
,, c-nigrum comes to 1.
„ triangulum ...
„ brunnea
,, festiva
conflua
„ Dahlii
M rubi
„ baia
O. Upsilon, e. ...flies over willows
D. oo
D. irregularis ...at rest, on viper's
bugloss, and in crevices of bark
of trees
,, carpophaga ... among Silene inflata;
flies at dusk, at Silene fl. The
whole genus are attracted
by fl.
„ capsophila ...
,, capsincola ...among Lychnis
II
cucubali among Lychnis flos-
cuculi ; flies in the sunshine
albimacula . . .
conspersa
cassia
Barrettii on the Hill of Ho wth,
Ireland, and Isle of Man
, dysodea at fl. of red valerian
serena on trees, palings,
&c., near kitchen gardens
meticulosa ...
lucipara
herbida woods, &c . ; very local
occulta at rest; early in the
morning ; unquiet when boxed
nebulosa
tincta on trees, and palings;
unquiet when boxed
advena at fl. ; rests on
stumps, and trees
, adusta
glauca
dentina
chenopodii ...at 1.
atriplicis
suasa at sugar, on com-
mons, &c.
oleracea
pisi
thalassini
contigua
genistse
rectilinea at rest on stones,
&c. , on dull days
lychnitis
asteris
gnaphalii
absynthii
chamomilloe... rests on railings,
&c. ; s. hides under the top
edge of a paling
umbratica ...at rest, on palings,
and at fl.
. marginata ...
peltigera maybe started from
herbage
dipsacea flies over fl., in the
sunshine
, melanopa ...at Rannoch ; flies
in the sunshine
96
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
A. cordigera ...... at Rannoch
in the sunshine
,, myrtilli ......... on heaths, &c.; flies
in the sunshine
H. arbuti, b. ...fields, &c. ; flies in
the sunshine
A. sulphuralis ...wet places, among
Convolvulus arvensis ; s. on fl.
of knapweed in the day time ;
flies quickly a little way, when
disturbed
A. luctuosa ...... flies in the sunshine,
over fl., in clover fields, &c. ; on
the chalk and limestone
E. venustula ......
„ fuscula ...... "'s. in fir woods
B. argentula ...... in the bogs of Killar-
ney, and the S.W. of Ireland
H . unca ......... marshes, and fens
M. ostrina ...... ) in sheltered spots, on
„ parva ...... \ sand-hills
A. urticse .........
,, triplasia ......
P. chrysitis ...... among nettle
„ festucae, s. ...in fens, sea marshes,
&c., and at fl. of Lythrum
salicaria
,, iota ............ among Glechoma
hederacea
„ v-aureum ...... over Lychnis fl., &c.
„ gamma ......... flies in the sunshine
JUNE
flies
,, interrogationis flies wildly ; rests on
rocks, and stumps, in dull weather
M. typica ......... rests on walls, &c.
T. pastinum ...... beaten, from bushes
O. lunaris .........
p
M. salicalis ...... among long grass,
and rushes, in wood-paths, and
young underwood ; comes to 1.
H. proboscidalis among nettle
„ crassalis ..... on heaths, among
bilberry ; may be beaten out of
over-hanging banks, in woods ;
is very active in the net
H. albistrigalis... comes to rush fl.,
and s. sugar
R. sericealis in damp woods, and
marshes
S. emortualis ...among oak
H. derivalis
„ barbalis beaten, from under-
growth
,, tarsipennalis woods, &c.
,, grisealis
A. flexula beaten, from hedges,
&c.
P. fimbrialis at light
„ farinalis at rest, in stables,
corn stores, &c.
„ glaucinalis ...in thatch, and at
A. pinguinalis ...on walls in stables,
houses, granaries, &c.
„ cuprealis, e. occurs in houses
C. augustalis
P. purpuralis ...flies by day, among
grass, &c.
„ ostrinalis flies by day
R. sanguinalis ...flies at dusk
E. octomaculalis woods, &c.
A. nemoralis ...
E. flammealis ...on sloping hills, and
cliffs, near the sea, among fern ;
very local
N. cilialis in fens
S. punctalis among Iris fcetidis-
sima
C. lemnalis flies over duckweed-
covered ponds, at dusk ; comes
to light
P. stratiotalis ...beaten, from water-
plants ; flies at dusk ; comes to
light
may be beaten from
water-plants ; flies
at dusk
A. niveus at rest, on twigs,
&c. , in weedy ponds, and rivers,
close to the water's edge, or
flying slowly over the surface
B. pandalis among grass, &c., in
woods, particularly beech
„ verticalis among nettle
,, lancealis in damp woods, or
lanes near
„ fuscalis marshes, &c.
H. nymphasalis
,, stagnalis ...
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
97
IMAGOS] JUNE
B. terrealis among golden rod
,, urticalis among nettle
E. crocealis among fleabane
„ verbascalis ... among Teucrium
scorodonia
„ sambucalis ...among elder
P. forficalis, e. ...in gardens
„ margaritalis, e. fens, &c.
S. sticticalis at 1., and fl.
,, palealis among wild carrot,
and Peucedanum, on the S.E.
coast
„ cinctalis in clover fields ;
comes to 1.
S. alpinalis on the tops of moun-
tains, in Perthshire, &c.
„ olivalis in hedges
,, prunalis in hedges, &c.
L. pulveralis among hairy mint
S. hybridalis ... among grass, and
clover
S. ambigualis ...s. at sugar, and at
rest. Many of the genus may be
found at rest, on avails, palings,
&c.
„ Zelleri beaten, out of old
willows, and hawthorns
,, dubitalis
„ murana among heath
„ ingratella
„ mercurella ...
,, atomalis among heath
P. cerusellus in grassy places,
among shingle
C. pratellus s. at sugar
,, dumetellus ...
„ sylvellus in fens, &c. ; local
„ pascuellus ...damp meadows, and
moors ; local
„ uliginosellus, e. in fens, &c. ; local
,, furcatellus ...a mountain species,
in Britain, not below 2000 ft.
„ margaritellus damp, grassy places,
in open woods
„ culmellus
„ chrysonuchellus among dry grass,
&c. ; local
„ rorellus
„ cassentiniellus Brighton, &c. ; con-
sidered a var. of Rorellus
H
C. hortuellus ...among grass, and
moss
C. phragmitellus marshes, and fens
S. forficellus weedy ditches, &c.
„ mucronellus, e. fens, &c.
A. lotella on coast sand-hills;
flies at dusk
M. cirrigerella . . . some specimens were
taken, for the first time, in this
country in 1874, near Marl-
borough, Wilts. They were
found to be very fond of going
into lighted candles. Probably
about the 2Oth of the month
would be the best time to look
for the species, as some which
were taken (on the 3Oth) were
worn
H. nimbella among Jasionemon-
tana, and thistles, and ragwort ;
on the coast
„ nebulella among Carduus nu-
tans, &c. ; very local
E. elutella in grocers' ware-
houses, &c. ; also thatch, and ivy
„ cinerosella ...
„ semirufa
C. bistriga
P. interpunctella in corn, seed, and
grocers' warehouses, &c.
N. angustella ...among spindle
G. canella among Salsola
P. betulella among birch
„ carbonariella among burnt heath,
and birch
„ adelphella ...
„ dilutella in chalky places
„ subornatella
„ abietella may be beaten from
young fir trees
P. palumbella ... among heath
R. formosella ...
,, marmorea ...among sloe
„ tumidella, e. among oak
O. ahenella
H. prasinana ...woods
„ quercana woods
T. podana hedges
„ sorbiana woods
„ rosana gardens, woods, &c.
98
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] ^ JUNE
T. cinnamoneana Kent, Surrey, Hants S. ocellana
heparana hedges
„ ribeana
„ corylana, e among nut, dog-
wood, &c.
„ unifasciana ...hedges
„ semialbana ...on the chalk
,, costana fens, and marshes
„ viburnana ...boggy heaths, and
moors
„ viridana among oak, &c.
„ ministrana ...woods
„ Branderiana Essex, Cambs, Hants
D. Grotiana among oak, in woods
A. Gerningana... heaths, and moors,
in the N.
P. permutana ...among Rosa spino-
sissima
„ comariana ...boggy heaths, and
fens
D. Lorquiniana fens
„ Lseflingiana... among oaks, in
woods, and hedges
,t Holmiana. ...hedges
„ Bergmanniana rose bushes,
hedges, &c.
„ Foskaleana ...maple, hedges, &c.
A. Conwayana...
P. Lecheana woods
D. semifasciana among sallows
P. picana on birch trunks
„ caprseana Kent
„ praelongana ...among birch
(l pruniana
„ ochroleucana among rose
„ cynosbana ...
„ dimidiana ...
„ sauciana Sheffield, Leith Hill,
Hazlemere
,f Grevillana ...Scotch mountains
fr Staintoniana Perthshire, among
Arctostaphylos uva ursi
„ gentianana ...Gravesend
„ marginana ...damp woods, heaths,
and fens
„ carbonana (fuligana) woods, and
fens
A. salicana among sallow, and
poplar
S. lariciana in larch woods
dealbana ..
neglectana
poplars
simplana ...
...among alder
...among willows, and
.among aspen
„ incarnatana... on the coast
„ suffusana hedges
„ rossecolana ...in gardens, among
roses
,, roborana
P. tripunctana ...
A. Udmanniana among bramble
S. achatana
S. latifasciana ...woods
„ euphorbiana... among spurge
„ littorana banks, on the coast
„ abscisana at Folkestone, among
Inula, and thistles
„ cespitana coast, and other
sandy districts
„ conchana ...meadows, & marshes
„ Daleana among Vaccinium,
at Rannoch, &c.
„ micana marshes
M. Schulziana ...heaths, and mosses
„ palustrana ...Rannoch, among
heath
„ Ratzeburgiana among spruce fir
„ rubiginosana Scotch mountains
„ consequana ...South coast, among
Euphorbia paralias
R. arcuana among young oaks
E. rufana
„ arbutana
O. antiquana ...corn fields
„ striana dry banks, and
rough pastures
„ ericetana in clover fields, and
rough pastures
E. fractifasciana downs
P. rugosana hedges, &c., among
Bryonia dioica
C. musculana ...hedges
S. nubilana hawthorn hedges
„ Peterana dry banks
„ subjectana ...
„ virgaureana ...
„ abrasana
„ hybridana . . .among elm, and sloe
„ octomaculana rough pastures
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
99
iMAaos] JUNE
S. Colquhounana wild hills, on
Scotch and Irish coast
S. ictericana hay fields, and sand-
hills
C. favillaceana... in woods, among
juniper
O. rusticana moors, fens, mosses
B. uliginosana ...in fens
„ lanceolana ...among rushes
„ furfurana Lancashire coast,
Scotland, &c.
P. siculana Yorks
„ unguicana ...heaths
„ uncana on heaths, and in
Southern woods
„ biarcuana ...among sallows
„ inornatana . . . (subarcuana) in fens;
local
,t paludana fens
„ comptana chalk downs, &c.
„ myrtillana ..moors, among Vac-
cinium
„ derasana Southern woods
„ diminutana ...
„ Mitterpacheriana oak woods
„ upupana Southern woods
„ laetana Southern woods,
among aspen
G. nigromaculana among ragwort
„ campoliliana among sallow
„ Penkleriana... among nut, & alder
„ obtusana
„ geminana moors, among Vac-
cinium
P. tetraquetana woods
„ Demarniana Southern woods
H. cruciana among sallow
P. bilunana
„ oppressana ...on poplar trunks;
London district, and Norfolk
„ corticana
„ profundana ...
„ sordidana, e.
E. bimaculana ...
„ cirsiana
,, Pfulgiana
„ Brunnichiana
„ turbidana
„ fcenana on the coast, and in
fens, among Artemisia vulgaris
H 2
E. nigrocostana in lanes, among
Stachys
„ signatana
„ grandaevana, e. S. Shields, among
coltsfoot, on ballast heaps; flies
at dusk, and rests on the leaves
„ gallicolana ...Darenth
„ trigeminana... fields, & dry banks,
among ragwort
„ obscurana ...Darenth
O. ulmana
S. spiniana hawthorn hedges
„ rufillana among wild carrot
„ Woeberana ...gardens, among
plum trees
C. cosmophorana on fir shoots
„ strobilana ...woods, among spruce
„ splendidulana on oak trunks
ii argyrana oak trunks
„ nemorivagana... moors, Rannoch,
Scotch mountains
„ Hercyniana . . .among spruce
„ distinctana ...Westmoreland,
Cumberland, Norfolk
,, ustomaculana
„ ravulana
„ vacciniana ...
„ nanana
R. Buoliana among Scotch fir
„ turionana, b.
„ pimvorana
,, resinana ..
„ duplana ..
„ sylvestrana
C. grossana ..
„ pomonana
. Perthshire
.Perthshire
.Bournemouth, Kent
.among beech
.among apple trees,
and bred from bought apples,
and pears
O . funebrana . . .bred from bought
plums
E. nigricana among peas
„ pisana among peas, and
vetches
S. dorsana railway banks
„ leguminana ...among fir, & alder?
„ coniferana ...among Scotch fir
„ perlepidana, b. among grass, and
low bushes
„ composana ...among clover, and
trefoils
IOO
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JUNE
S. Weirana among beech
„ nitidana
„ Trauniana ...among maple
„ Germarana ...woods, in the South
D. politana
„ sequana dry fields, and rail-
way banks
„ Petiverana ...among yarrow
„ plumbana ...
„ plumbagana
„ acuminatana railway banks
,.N. of England, and
„ herbosana
Scotland
,, simpliciana
vulgaris
P. Rheediana
hedges
C. albersana...
„ ulicetana ...
„ nimbana
„ Juliana
. among Artemisia
.in hawthorn
,... woods
, ... among furze
....among beech
...among oak
microgrammana among rest harrow
„ hypericana ...among Hypericum
„ cana among thistles
(t fulvana chalky districts,
among Centaurea scabiosa
„ Hohenwarthiana among thistles
„ scopoliana ... among Centaurea
nigra
„ expallidana ...dry banks
„ conterminana
T. mediana near London, Folke-
stone, Fulborne
S. vibrana
L. Servillana ...woods, in the S.
E. nana among birch
„ maculosana ...woods, in the S.
„ sodaliana among Rhamnus
catharticus
„ hybridellana Witherslack
lr manniana
„ curvistrigana woods, in the S.,
among ragwort?
„ udana marshes, &c.
,, notulana fens, and marshes
,, rupicolana ...marshes
„ subroseana . . woods, in the S.
„ implicitana ...woods, in the S.
„ ciliana
, , pallidana cliffs
X. Zoegana
,, hamana among thistles
C. bifasciana ...woods, in the S.
A. Beaumanniana ...in wet, rushy
places
„ zephyrana ...S. coast
„ Schreibersiana in fens
„ badiana railway banks, &c. ;
among burdock
„ cnicana among thistles
„ maniana
„ ceniana
,, Mussehliana Devonshire
„ maritimana, b. on the coast
C. Francillonana on the coast
„ dilucidana ...
„ Smeathmanniana
„ stramineana. . . chalky places
„ alternana Folkestone
T. pubicornella Howth, and Grass-
ington, Yorks
„ pseudo-bombycella oak woods
P. villosella New Forest
„ opacella New Forest, Wither-
slack, Rannoch
„ calvella
,, salicolella
„ betulina [heaths
„ pullella among grass, on
„ intermediella Black Park, Virginia
Water
„ roboricolella
„ crassiorella ...Hampstead, High-
gate
„ reticella Sheerness, and near
Gravesend. The ? when alive
is banded with yellow like a
larva of E. jacobeae, but turns
nearly black soon after death
P. Verhuellella
D. marginepunctella
X. melanella ...
S. carpinetella ...among fir
„ arcuatella Cheshire, Rannoch
„ granella about granaries, and
flour mills
lf cloacella
„ cochylidella . . .
T. fulvimitrella Walsingham, Lan-
cashire, Rannoch
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
101
IMAGOS]
T. tapetzella ...common in houses,
&c., where its larva feeds on
hair stuffing, carpets, fur, &c.
,, albipunctella
„ misella in outhouses
„ peliionella ...common in houses,
its larva feeding on cloth, fur,
&c.
„ fuscipunctella
,r ganomella ...woods, and hedges
?t merdella Darlington, Liver-
pool, Manchester
„ biseliella in houses, and mu-
seums, its larva feeding on hair,
fur, and feathers
„ semifulvella...
„ perochraceella Rannoch
L. quadripunctella among roses
„ luzella berry]
„ praelatella ...among wild straw-
„ rubiella in gardens
I. tenuicornella Witherslack, Man-
chester, West Wickham
„ Oehlmanniella
„ canariella Isle of Man
M. calthella
„ aruncella dry banks
„ seppella on fl. of Veronica
chamoedrys, on dry banks
„ mansuetella...
„ Allionella ...among Vaccinium
,, Thunbergella ...
„ subpurpurella among oak
N. Swammerdamella on trees, among
heath
„ Schwarziella, b. in hedges, &c.
„ pilella Yorks, Scotland,
Lake District
„ Metaxella among alder, in fens,
&c.
A. fibulella ...
„ rufinitrella.
bogs
„ sulzella
,, Degeerella
„ viridella ...
oak
N. scabiosellus... among Scabiosa ar-
vensis, and S. columbaria ; very
local
JUNE
.in Veronica fl.
. .in wet meadows, and
in, and near woods
in hedges, and among
N. cupriacella ...
„ Schiflermillerella Southend, Da-
renth
„ minimella ...Witherslack, Scot-
land, Mickleham
S. comptella among sloe
„ csesiella among sloe
,, griseocapitella among birch
S. lutarella
A. funerella Richmond, Yorks j
Cambs, Lake District
„ decemguttella Darenth
P. Curtisella among ash
E. Messingiella in swamps, and damp
bottoms
P. porrectella ...in gardens
,, annulatella ...Howth, Morecomb,
Castle Eden, Scotland, Portland
E. lobelia among sloe
D. assimilella ...among broom
„ conterminella
,, cnicella
G. cinerella
„ rufescentella
„ inornatella ...in fens
„ malvella in gardens, about
hollyhocks
„ populella
,f nigra
„ lentiginosella
,, fumatella New Brighton,
Birkenhead, Dawlish
„ ericetella moors, and heaths
„ mulinella among furze
„ divisella
„ sororculella ...among sallow
„ peliella Manchester, West
Wickham
„ longicornis ...in bare, burnt places
1I diffinella sand-hills on the
coast
„ terrella
„ desertella
„ expolitella ... Darlington, Skid-
daw, Pentlands, &c.
acuminatella
artemisiella... coast sand-hills,
Manchester, &c.
viscariella . . .
arundinetella Hackney, Cambs
102
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
G. mundella .
„ umbrosella
„ affinella ..
„ boreella .
JUNE
..coast sands
.coast sands
Scotland
basaltinella ...Cambs, Addington
domesticella
proximella ...among birch, and
alder ; on moors
notatella
vulgella hedges, &c.
luculella
scriptella
fugitivella . .
and beech
sethiopella . .
distinctella ..
.among oak
.on trunks of elm,
.on moss
.on the coast, and in
among Stellaria
sandy places
tricolorella
holostea
muscosella . . .
fraternella ... among Cerastium
arvense
leucomelanella
marmorella ...coast sand-hills
obsoletella . . . Darlington, Redcar,
S. Shields, Portland
ocellatella ...
atriplicella . . . among Atriplex, and
Chenopodium
sequacella . . .
aleella West Wickham
leucatella
Mouffetella ...among honeysuckle
dodecella
triparella
tenebrella . . .
ligulella among Lotus major,
on railway banks, &c.
vorticella railway banks, &c.
sircomella ...railway banks, &c.
nigritella
coronillella . . . Mickleham
anthyllidella railway banks, and
coast sand-hills
bifractella ...Folkestone, Mickle-
ham
oblitella
confinis
cerealella . .
..in fens
..on old walls
..in granaries
(( nigricostella ..in fens
G. nseviferella ... among Chenopo-
,- dium
„ subdecurtella... among Ly thrum
salicaria, in fens
„ inopella
„ subocellella ...
„ Strelitziella ...
„ intaminatella railway banks
,, Tarquinella . . .
„ sangiella railway banks
„ lathyrella among Lathyrus
palustris ; in fens, &c.
P. lappella
„ Metzneriella
„ carlinella
S. parenthesella
„ humerella ...
P. bicostella moors, &c.
H. Geoffroyella
„ bracteella near Gateshead
H. Christiernella, e. Castle Eden,
Darenth, Greenhithe, Seven-
oaks
D. sulphurella ...
„ oliviella Darenth, Tenterden,
Lewes, &c.
CE. minutella ...in hay lofts
„ flavimaculella among Angelica
sylvestris
„ trisignella ...
„ stipella Preston, Staley-
bridge, Lake District, Yorks,
Rannoch, &c.
„ augustella ...Hyde Park, Bristol
„ Woodiella ...formerly on Kersall
Moor, near Manchester
„ grandella
„ lambdella Charlton, Bristol
„ subaquilella . . . Scarboro', S. Shields,
Lake District, &c.
„ tinctella Gravesend, Darenth,
W. Wickham, &c.
„ subochreella Cambs, Lewes, &c.
„ flavifrontella Witherslack, Cambs,
&c.
B. grandipennella among furze
„ fusco-seneella
„ variella in sand-pits
„ chenepodiella Yorks, &c,
„ torquatella ...Scotland
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
103
IMAGOS] JUNE
P. Lewenoekella
,r latreillella ...
A. perlepidella...Darenth, Bristol, &c.
R. Erxlebenella among lime under-
wood
G. fuscoviridella
„ Thrasonella... among rushes
„ cladiella among rushes, in
fens, &c.
„ equitella among Sedum acre
„ oculatella Tenterden, &c.
E. dentella ...
T. stanneella
„ resplendella
A. ephippella .
„ nitidella ...
,, albistriella .
..among wild moun-
... among oak
...local
...among hawthorn
conjugella
tain ash
serariella ..
of
possibly a var.
A. conjugella
„ mendicella ...among sloe
„ glaucinella ...among oak
„ retinella among birch
,, abdominella, e.
„ dilectella among juniper
„ curvella among wild apple
(r sorbiella
,f pygmoeella ...among sallow
„ Goedartella ... among alder, and
birch
,, literella var. of Gcedartella,
at Darenth
„ Brochella among birch, and
alder
„ arceuthinella among fir, & juniper
C. farinatella ...among Scotch fir
G. alchimiella ...
„ elongella among alder, & yew
„ syringella in gardens, among
lilac
„ ononiella Kent
,, auroguttella... among Hypericum
quadrangulum
„ HofFmanniella
O. avellanella ...among nut
„ betulsevorella among birch
„ scutulatella ...
„ torquilella ...among sloe
.. Scoticella...
O. Loganella ...
„ guttella among apple
C. Fabriciella ...on railway banks
paripennella
„ Wockeella, e.
„ lixella, e
„ conspicuella...
„ pyrrhulipennella
,, albicostella ...among furze
„ vulnerariella
„ anatipennella
„ palliatella
„ ibipennella, e.
„ currucipennella among sallow
,f niveicostella, e.
„ discordella ...among Lotus major
„ genistsecolella, e. among Genista
anglica
„ therinella among thistles; very
local
„ troglodytella
„ lineolella on Ballota nigra
„ murinipennella
„ csespititiella... among rushes
„ salinella Yorks, and near
Brighton
„ laricella, e. ...among larch
,r albitarsella ...among ground ivy
„ fuscocuprella among nut
„ nigricella among hawthorn
(l orbitella
„ gryphipennella among rose
,, siccifoliella ...
„ vitisella Staleybridge, and
moors near Manchester
„ viminetella ...among sallow
„ olivaceella ...Chesterfield
„ solitariella ... among Stellaria
holostea
„ lutipennella... among oak
„ badiipennella among hawthorn
„ limosipennella
„ chalcogrammella among Cerastium
arvense
,, Wilkinsonella
C. Lienigiella ...in fens, among reed
B. pinicolella ...among Scotch fir
L. paludicolella among willow herb
„ lacteella Yorks, Lake
District, Bristol
104
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
JUNE
miscella, b. ... E.
conturbatella among willow herb „
Raschkiella... T.
ochraceella, e. „
subbistrigella „
atrella among hawthorn „
bimaculella, e. Black Park, and L. r
Leith Hill
Schrankella...
flavicapitella among hawthorn
seratella
terminella . . .
festaliella
Treitschkiella about dogwood
Brunnichella in chalk pits, among
Clinopodium vulgare
Gleichenella most of the genus
are found among grass, sedges,
and rushes
apicipunctella
albifrontella...
Holdenella ...
atricomella ...
luticomella ...
kilmunella ...
cinereopunctella
trapeziella . . .
stabilella
Gregsonella . . .
nigrella
perplexella ...
humiliella ...
subobscurella
zonariella
gangabella
tseniatella
cingilella ....
obliquella...
Megerlella ,
adscitella
cerussella among reeds, in „
marshes, &c. L.
rhyncosporella P.
eleochariella C.
biatomella ... „
serricornella
triatomella .. in chalk pits
dispunctella . . .
collitella
pollinariella...
subochreella
cygnipennella
complanella... among oak
emyella among blackberry
angusticolella
dodonsea
roborella among oak
amyotella
quinqueguttella among dwarf
sallows
irradiella
insignitella ...Castle Eden, Scar-
boro', Windermere
lautella among oak
vacciniella . . .
cavella
pomifoliella... among hawthorn,
and apple
corylella among nut
spinicolella ...among sloe
faginella among beech
carpinicolella among hornbeam;
local
ulmifoliella ...among birch, &c.
spinolella among sallows
quercifoliella among oak
viminiella ...among sallow
scopariella ...among broom
ulicolella, e. among furze
Heegeriella... among oak
tenella Epping, Winder-
mere, Wanstead
sylvella among maple
emberizsepennella
Frolichiella ...among alder
Dunningiella Yorks, Lake
District, &c.
Nicelliella . . . among nut
Stettinella ...among alder
Klemannella
tristrigella . . . among elm
, Clerckella ...
salignella, e.
spartifoliella among broom
laburnella . . . among laburnum
scitella
Wailesella ...among Genista
lotella among Lo tus maj or
, salaciella among sorrel
auritella in fens
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JUNE
O. crepusculella
B. aurimaculella among chrysan-
themum leucanthemum
M cidar iella among alder
„ ulmella among oak
„ cratsegifoliella about hawthorn
hedges
„ demaryella ...Scarboro'
„ Boyerella among elm
„ frangulella ...among buckthorn
„ hippocastanella
„ cristatella among yarrow
„ artemisiella ...at Folkestone
N. atricapitella among oak
,, anomalella ...
„ perpygmceella
„ pomella
„ oxyacanthella
,, viscerella
„ catharticella
„ septembrella among Hypericum
„ cryptella
„ Weaverella ...
,, intimella
,, Headleyella Mickleham, Scarboro'
„ subbimaculella among oak
„ apicella on moors
if argyropezella
,, quinquella ...
N. sericopezella
„ argentipedella
„ angulifasciella
„ arcuosella ...
,, alnetella among alder
„ continuella ...
„ regiella
„ sorbiella
„ tiliseella
T. pulverosella.. among wild apple
P. Bertrami, e. among yarrow
„ ochrodactylus among tansy
„ trigonodactylus comes to 1.
„ Zetterstedtii...
Ir acanthodactylus
„ baliodactylus
„ aridius
u parvidactylus
„ serotinus .
„ plagiodactylus among Scabiosa
columbaria
„ Hodgkinsonii, b.
„ microdactylus among Eupatorium
cannabinum
,, paladum . ,...infens
,, tetradactylus
„ pentadactylus
A. polydactyla, from Aug.
JULY
OVA]
Now that the heat of summer is really making itself felt, a slumbrous calm
seems to hang over the landscape, " half drowned in sleepy peace,"
"As satiate with the boundless play
Of sunshine on its green array."
And the Collector, yielding to the soothing influences around him, may
perhaps be seen
' ' beneath an ancient shade,
Or on the matted grass supinely laid."
But he should remember that he must work, often very hard, to obtain what
he may be specially in search of, and that very few, if any, prizes will come
to his hand unless they are thoughtfully sought for.
This may be a convenient time to note that the pursuit of Entomology
is liable to be attended with some inconvenience, and, it may be, risk,
which, however, may be minimized by a little pre-consideration. Marshes,
and other disagreeable places, although "farthest from them is best,"
have occasionally to be visited, and the Collector would do well to be
as expeditious as possible over his work in these localities, and he
should be careful to keep as much as possible to the ' ' windward " of
the rotten carcases, and worst spots he may think it desirable to explore,
for the treasures to be found at them. When heated, he should be
especially careful how he allows himself to "cool down," and not be tempted
to sit, or lie down in damp or miasmatic places, because the shade may be
grateful, as cold, fever, rheumatism, or worse, may result. In very hot
weather drink of any kind should not be too freely indulged in, as its ten-
dency is to unduly promote perspiration. If the journey on foot is a long one,
or the time out in the blazing sun is prolonged, an occasional small "drink"
of some acidulated preparation, in which is a "touch" of brandy or whiskey,
with the partaking of solid food at short intervals, will prevent that ex-
haustion which sometimes culminates in sunstroke. Completeness of pre-
arrangement in these cases, generally means efficiency of work, besides the
absence of bad after-results. Midges, flies, &c., are often a source of annoy-
ance on a hot day, particularly if the Collector is corpulent, and perspires
freely. Stings may, however, be generally avoided by anointing the face,
head, and hands with fluid camphor, or some other strong-smelling insect
bane. Washing the head, &c., just before starting in a strong solution of
borax, or of alum, both said to be particularly distasteful to insects, might
be tried with advantage. Alcoholic emanations are great attractions to most
insects, and therefore teetotallers are least liable to annoyance from this
source. The Author remembers once collecting with a young wine and spirit
merchant, who had hastily left his cellar for "a day out," and the attention
which was paid him by hundreds of flying "cusses" was, to use another
Americanism, "a caution." Adders may be often met with, but they never
bite unless attacked, or accidentally trodden upon, and they are generally too
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
107
OVA] JULY
much on the alert to be thus caught napping. They are much more alarmed
at the presence of man than he ought to be of them, though a suddenly dis-
turbed female will sometimes face him, and hold herself ready for attack,
when she is burdened with a troop of young ones, clinging round her. High
boots, or leggings, are a good protection against any such risk. Good lace-up
boots are much to be preferred, for tramping about, to the effeminate, though
it may be convenient, "elastics." It might be desirable to be provided
with a small bottle of liquid ammonia, in case either of a bite, or a severe
insect sting. Prompt application is essential to success. There is yet another
risk sometimes incurred by the ardent Entomologist : a bull, or a cow may give
chase, and, with dreadful declension of horns, threaten a most unwelcome
" heave offering" over the hedge. Such an attack should be promptly met
by the sudden opening of an umbrella in the face of your enemy, or the
flinging about of your net, with a "jobbing" of the ferrule at his or her nose
— a most sensitive part, and conqueringly seized upon by dogs at bull-fights.
If these movements be accompanied by an unearthly noise, on your part, the
chances of your tormentor's rapid retreat are increased.
C. Edusa, s on white clover,
lucerne, &c.
A. Paphia, e. ...on dog, and sweet
violet, and dead leaves, and
moss near ; in woods ; whitish
M. Athalia on Plantago lanceo-
lata, and P. major ; also fox-
glove, germander, and Teucri-
um scorodonia
V. urticae on nettle; in batches,
on underside of leaf ; barrel-
shaped, fluted, green
L. sibylla on honeysuckle
A. Iris on sallow; on upper-
side of leaves
A.Galatea among timothy, and
other grass ; laid loosely ; glo-
bular, cream-coloured
S. Semele on quaking grass, &c.
„ lanira on meadow grasses ;
slightly oblong, imbricated
„ Tithonus on blades of grass ;
truncato-conical ; at first canary
yellow, changing to brown
„ hyperanthus...on annual meadow,
millet, couch, and other grasses;
singly
T. quercus to April, on oak
twigs, high up
„ w-album to April, on
wytch elm, also elm ; on the
twigs ; whitish
T. pruni to March, on sloe
twigs
L. JEgon, e to March, on Or-
nithopus perpusillus ; white
H. sylvanus on grasses ; a little
within the sheath ; white, laid
in a line
l( linea to March, on
grasses
S. bembeciformis on poplar, sallow;
upon the bark ; oblong, dark
brown
M. arundinis ...on stems of common
reed ; singly
Z. assculi on elm, pear, and
other trees ; in masses, in the
chinks of the bark
C. ligniperda ...in the chinks of the
bark, of various trees, especially
ash, willow, and elm
H. sylvinus, e. ...among sorrel, and
dock ; laid while the moth is
on the wing ; at first white, but
soon turn black
C. miniata, e. ...on lichens, on oaks;
laid in rows ; yellow
E. cribrum on heath ; globular,
shining metallic bronze
C. villica on chickweed, furze,
&c. ; laid in regular batches,
upon the leaves ; pearly, pale
straw-colour
io8
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
JULY
L. chrysorrhsea on sloe, and haw- G.
thorn. The eggs of the Liparis
are laid in batches, round the
twigs, and are. covered with D,
down from the parent moth P.
„ auriflua on sloe, hawthorn,
oak, &c. H
„ salicis on willow, poplar,
&c. The satiny-like batches
are very peculiar
„ dispar to March, on sloe, A.
hawthorn, and various fruit-
trees
O. gonostigma on oak, nut, sallow,
bramble A.
„ antiqua on the old cocoon, ,,
which has been spun on various „
trees, and shrubs, palings, &c. ; „
hollowed somewhat in the form „
of a cup
B. neustria to March, on haw- „
thorn, sloe, fruit-trees ; in
batches round twigs, and ,,
branches
„ castrensis to March, on Ar-
temisia maritima, and Daucus
maritimus
O. potatoria on blades of coarse „
grass j white, with two rings of
green
E. vespertana ...to April, on nut „
B. repandata ... on birch, plum,
bramble, &c. The eggs of the „
tree - feeding species of this
genus are deposited in the „
chinks of the bark „
„ rhomboidaria ...on ivy, birch, oak,
plum, lilac, rose, elder, &c. T.
„ perfumaria ...on ivy, lilac, clema- F.
tis, &c. „
„ abietaria on larch, and spruce M.
„ cinctaria on heath. In con-
finement eggs have been laid, A.
by preference, on sallow cat- L.
kins
„ roboraria on oak ; in clusters ; E.
oblong, oval ; at first dull Y.
greenish, then reddish brown
„ consortaria ... on oak ; bright M.
green
obscurata on thyme, sun cistus,
Potentilla reptans, Poteriam
sanguisorba
obfuscata. on heath, vetch, &c.
baiularia on oak; large, oval,
brownish
. thymiaria .. on hawthorn, oak ;
rather large, oblong-oval, and
flattened ; a peculiar shining
greenish-bronze colour
Blomeraria ...on wytch elm; in
small batches ; somewhat brick
shaped ; at first pale, afterwards
deep yellow, at last again pale
scutulata on dandelion
bisetata on dandelion
rusticata on hawthorn
holosericata...on sun cistus
incanaria on dandelion, ground-
sel, &c.
ornata on thyme and mar-
jorum
straminata ... ? (Larva will
eat knotgrass.) Rather large,
oblong-square, with the corners
rounded; reddish-brown; seem
to be deposited loosely
subsericeata...on Rosa spinosis-
sima?
fumata on heath
strigilata on clematis, and
Stachys
emutaria on Triticum repens ?
Oblong, clear salmon colour
aversata on primrose, &c.
emarginata ...on convolvulus, Ga-
lium, &c.
amataria on dock, &c.
pinetaria to Mar., on bilberry
conspicuata ...on broom
euphorbiata on Euphorbia cypa-
rissias
strigillaria ... on h eath
csesiata on whortleberry, bil-
berry, and heath
sobrinata on juniper
elutata on nut, sallow, alder,
bilberry, &c.
rubiginata ...to April, on alder;
large
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
109
OVA] JULY
M. procellata, e. on Clematis vitalba
„ montanata ...on primrose
A. rubidata, b. ...on Galium
C. fluviata on Polygonum per-
sicaria ; oblong flattish, yellow,
afterwards changing to brown
P. lignata on Galium palustre, &c.
„ vitalbata on Clematis vitalba
S. vetulata to Mar., on buck thorn
C. picata, e. ... on chickweed; singly,
N. lutosa on the common reed;
upon the stems
L. exigua on plantain
C. exulis on various species of
Poa ; upon the stems
M. persicarise ...on Polygonum per-
sicaria, and other low plants
A. gemina on grass culms
M. nigricans on clover, plantain,
porphyrea ...on heath [&c.
the leaves and stems'; large C. Morpheus ...on dock, teazle, &c.
,, sagittata on Thalictrum fla-
vum, growing in fens
n immanata, e. to March, probably
on alder, and other trees, and
strawberry, bilberry, &c.
„ prunata to April, on currant,
gooseberry, sloe, &c., on the
bark ; large
„ populata to April, on bil-
berry, whortleberry, poplar ;
globular, large, yellow
„ fulvata to April, on dog
rose ; rose pink, large
E. palumbaria ...on twigs of broom
C. imbutata on cranberry; rather
large, oblong-oval, at first pale
yellow, afterwards orange
T. chaerophyllata to Feb., on An-
thriscus sylvestris, and Bunium
flexuosum
C. curtula on poplars, sallow
N. cucullina on maple ; after the
loth to the e. of the month ; on
underside of leaves, in shady
places in woods ; generally
singly, but s. in twos, and rarely
in threes ; circular, smooth,
white, s. opalescent
„ dictoea on poplars, sallow,
willow ; laid sparsely, on the
leaves
„ dictseoides ...on birch
A. aceris on sycamore, horse
chesnut, maple, birch, and s. oak
L. littoralis on Ammophila
arundinacea
,, impura on Dactylis glomerata
„ phragmitidis on the common reed;
upon the stems
T. Orbona on broom, & various
plants
„ pronuba on stalks of grass,
and ears of corn
N. augur on low plants, haw-
thorn, sallow, &c.
„ festiva on violet, foxglove,
sallow, &c.
„ conflua on Silene acaulis,
and other low plants
T. subtusa, e. ...to Mar., on poplar,
upon the twigs ; hatch in the
spring
D. carpophaga ... on S ilene inflata, and
Lychnis ; upon the fl.
H. adusta on hawthorn, sallow ;
upon the leaves, and twigs
C. umbratica ...on sowthistle, let-
tuce ; upon the leaves
P. v-aureum ... on nettle, &c. ; singly
A. pyramidea ...on oak, birch, elm,
willow ; in crevices, upon the
bark ; small
M. typica on dock, low plants,
&c. ; in clusters, upon the leaves
H. proboscidalis to March, on nettle ;
rather large, globular (slightly
oval) indented on upper side ;
pale yellow
C. margaritellus probably among
damp grass, in open woods ;
" greenish -yellow, oblong, and
slightly oval, rounded at each
end, one end slightly smaller ;
surface shining, covered with
slight oval depressions placed
side by side —not end to end —
and arranged in wavy longitu-
dinal lines."
no
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] JULY
Some few of the larvse to be found this month occur in the list with the
"h" annexed, signifying that they hibernate. These are, of course, now
extremely small, and at this busy period of the year, unless required for pur-
poses of observation, will be passed over by the Collector, until they re-
appear in the spring, in a state approaching maturity, especially as it is
generally found to be a " ticklish job " to imitate the natural conditions
sufficiently to preserve small larvse alive through the winter.
During hot summers, and not unfrequently in confinement, especially with
a little forcing, "double broods," or second appearances, of an insect not
ordinarily appearing twice in a year, will come upon us. Sometimes only a
portion of a brood feeds up rapidly, and the second imago emerges before the
winter. S. ocellatus, and S. populi are pretty regularly double-brooded in
the South and West of England, in confinement, without forcing, though we
believe a second brood of S. ocellatus has never been seen at large. If the
summer be hot, a second brood of S. populi not unfrequently occurs, and
then the larvse appear this month.
Alsus Anthyllis vulneraria,
in the fl. -heads, or legumes ;
full grown about the m. of the
month, but do not change to
pupae till after the winter
Arion, h. ? ...thyme; in the fl., or
among the seeds when young ;
is supposed to hibernate
Lucina primrose, and cow-
slip; eats small holes in the leaves
Tages Lotus corniculatus
sylvanus grasses; in rolled-up
blades
comma, b. ...trefoil, and other
Leguminosse; in rolled-up leaves
convolvuli ...small convolvulus,
balsam, &c. ; hides under sods
lineata Galium, vine, £c.
fuciformis ...Lychnis, Scabiosa,
Galium, honeysuckle, &c.
bombyliformis Scabiosa
ichneumoniformis in r. of Lotus
corniculatus
muscaeformis in stems of Statice
armeria. The larva is found
from this month to Sept., and is
supposed to be 2 yrs. feeding up
sylvinus at r. of sorrel, and
dock ; 2 years feeding
nubigena, h thyme
meliloti, e . h. Lotus corniculatus,
vetches, &c. ; partial to chalky
soils
P. Machaon ...Peucedanum palustre, L.
and other Umbelliferse ; in fens
A. cardamines ...Cardamine, Erysi-
mum, &c. ; on the seeds
G. rhamni, b. ...buckthorn
C. Edusa Dutch clover, „
lucerne, &c.
„ Hyale clover, melilot
A. Euphrosyne, h. dog, and sweet N.
violet
„ Selene, h. .. dog, and sweet violet T.
M. Cinxia, h. ...Plantago lanceolata H.
V. Antiopa willow, birch, poplar,
nettle
t| Io nettle, feeding
exposed, generally gregarious S.
„ Atalanta nettle ; feeding
concealed in curled-up leaves D.
,, cardui thistles ; under a M.
web, from 3 to 6 or so, on a
plant. Will also eat nettle „
S. ^Egeria, b. 2... grasses S.
,, Megaera, b. 2 grasses
C. Pamphilus, 2 grasses „
T. rubi, b bramble; buds, and
fl. ; also broom, Genista, birch,
Salix fusca, and bilberry
„ betulae sloe, birch ; gene- H,
rally stunted bushes
L. boetica Collutea arborescens Z.
,, agestis, 2 ... Erodium circutarium „
,, Adonis, e. 2... Hippocrepis co-
mosa, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
in
LARVJE] JULY
Z. trifolii, h trefoil, vetch A.
,, lonicera, h. ...clover, grasses
„ filipendulae h. Lotus corniculatus, „
&c.
L. molybdeola, h. lichens „
D. pulchella field forget-me-not „
L. monacha, b. oak, beech, apple,
birch, fir, &c. ; hides in the ,,
crevices of the bark
O. antiqua various trees, and ,,
plants
D. coryli beech, nut, birch,
alder, oak, willow
E. lanestris hawthorn, sloe, &c. ; „
in large nests of silk C.
B. neustria sloe, hawthorn, fruit-
trees, &c. ; gregarious, in a web, C.
until nearly full-fed
„ castrensis, b. . . . Artemisia mari- „
tima, and Daucus maritimus.
Feed in the sunshine. Will A.
also eat knotgrass, chrysanthe-
mum, wild cherry, and various N,
trees, if sprinkled with salt water F.
E. versicolora ...birch „
P. syringaria, h. lilac, privet, elder,
honeysuckle ; s. feed up this A,
month, and a second brood
appears in August H
E. alniaria alder, birch, sallow, E.
beech, &c.
„ tiliaria oak, sallow, birch, E.
alder
„ fuscantaria, b. ash, privet ; eats
round holes in the leaves „
,, angularia... oak, birch, beech, &c. „
B. hirtaria lime, elm, ash, and
fruit trees „
A. prodromaria oak, birch, elm, nut
T. consonaria ...beech, oak, birch „
B. fuliginaria ...fungi ; on timber ,,
P. baiularia, h. ...oak. Covers itself
with fragments of leaves, &c.,
after every moult „
E. omicronaria, e. maple ; s. beech „
(l punctaria oak ,,
„ pendularia ...birch
A. trigeminata h. ? probably
some low plant ; will eat knot- „
grass
ornata, s., h. thyme, marjorum ;
will also eat mint
promutata ... yarrow, mugwort,
creeping cinquefoil
straminata, h. ?
mancumata .
grass
subsericeata.
? will eat knot-
• ? will eat knot-
grass
emutaria, h. ...Triticum repens ;
will also eat M. lupulina, L.
corniculatus, Chenopodium,
mint, and knotgrass
emarginata ...convolvulus, Galium
pusaria oak, nut, alder,
birch, sallow
temerata sloe, wild cherry,
buckthorn?
taminata wild cherry, sallow,
buckthorn ?
pictaria (?) ...stunted, and un-
healthy-looking sloe bushes
pulveraria ...sallow, nut, privet
carbonaria ...sallow, birch
atomaria Centaurea, trefoils,
&c.
citraria wild carrot, trefoil,
&c., near the coast
aurantiaria ...hawthorn, birch, oak
decolorata, b. to m. seed-capsules
of Lychnis dioica
venosata in seed-capsules of
Silene inflata, and Lychnis
dioica
pulchellata ...in foxglove fl.
valerianata ...Valerian officinalis,
fl.
plumbeolata Melampyrum pra-
tense, fl.
isogrammata clematis, fl.-buds
pygmoeata, m. Stellaria holostea,
fl. Will also eat Cerastium
tomentosum, fl.
lariceata larch, and spruce
pusillata spruce
indigata juniper, and Scotch
fir ; will eat cypress, in confine-
ment
vulgata hawthorn, willow,
golden rod, ragwort, &c.
112
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] JULY
E. dodoneata ...oak C.
,r abbreviata ...oak
„ coronata fl. of clematis, worm- P.
wood, bramble, Eupatorium
cannabinum, golden rod, wild N.
angelica, &c.
L. viretata privet, and Actaea
spicata ; when young, on the ,,
unripe berries „
T. variata Scotch fir, larch „
M. ocellata Galium „
M. unangulata ...chickweed ,,
,, galiata Galium sexatile ,,
C. munitata, h. groundsel „
,r ferrugata ground ivy, Galium, C.
chickweed
S. certata, b. ...barberry; between ,,
united leaves ,,
C. psitticata oak, lime, apple,
rose ; probably also birch, haw- „
thorn, sallow
,r russata, 2. ...strawberry, birch, D
hawthorn, sallow, &c.
„ immanata strawberry, bilberry,
birch, alder, &c. A.
„ silaceata Epilobium, and „
Circsea lutetiana, &c.
E. cervinaria ...mallow, hollyhock
A. plagiata Hypericum perfo- ,,
ratum, fl.
L. griseata Sisymbrium Sophia
(seed pods) ; on the coast ;
will also eat Erysimum cheiran-
thoides
C. obliquaria ...broom „
D. falcula birch; also oak,
alder, willow, poplar „
„ unguicula beech; generally on
the stunted bushes „
C. spinula, 2 . hawthorn, sloe, moun-
tain ash
D. furcula sallow, willow, L.
poplar
„ bifida poplars N.
„ vinula willows, poplars,
sallow ; by preference the G.
Lombardy pop^r
P. bucephala elm, oak, lime,
sallow, beech, nut, &c. H,
C. anachoreata, b. poplars, sallows
reclusa, b. between united leaves
of sallows, aspen, willow
palpina willows, sallows,
poplars, birch
camelina oak, beech, birch,
maple, nut, alder, apple, sallow,
aspen, hawthorn
cucullina, e. ... maple, sycamore
carmelita birch
dictseoides ...birch
dromedarius birch, alder, nut
tritophus birch, poplars
Chaonia oak
Dodonea oak, and birch
or poplars; between
the leaves
ocularis poplars
flavicornis ...birch; in rolled-up
leaves
ridens oak; between united
leaves
Orion birch, oak ; birch is
recommended in feeding, as an
alterative diet
megacephala poplar
strigosa hawthorn ; chiefly
in Cambridgeshire, and in
chalky districts
alni hawthorn, alder,
willow, oak, lime, rose, elm,
nut, beech, Spanish chesnut,
horse chesnut, sycamore, pop-
lar, sallow, bramble. Has been
found, at rest, on palings, &c.
rumicis bramble, plantain,
knotgrass, and other low plants
auricoma bramble, birch, oak,
bilberry
menyanthidis Menyanthes trifo-
liata, heath, sallow, bramble,
Myrica gale
Comma Dactylis glomerata,
and other grass, also sorrel
typhae, e. ...in stem of Typha
latifolia
flavago inside thistles, Lappa,
elder, foxglove, &c. ; feeding on
the pith
petasitis in r. and stems of
butter burr, and burdock
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LAEVJE] JULY
H. micacea at the base of leaves
of Carex, and inside stems, and
r. of Equisetum arvense, and
E. fluviatile, and dock
X. conspicillaris Lotus corniculatus,
and other low plants
N. saponaria ...Silene, Lychnis, and
other low plants
M. albicolon Atriplex, and Chen-
' opodium, on coast-sands, &c. ;
also lettuce, &c., in gardens
H brassicse cabbage, dock,
Chenopodium, chrysanthemum,
&c. [atum
C. Haworthii ... Eriphorum vagin-
H. palustris plantain, and other
low plants
A. suffusa, r. of spinach, let-
tuce, radish, &c.
,, saucia plantain, dock, and
other low plants
„ segetum, h. ...inr. of turnips, &c.
,, corticea, h. ...Chenopodium j*,
„ cursoria Euphorbia esula,
sandwort, sea violet, &c.
„ tritici r. of sandwort, sea
violet, and other low plants
„ prsecox sandwort, sea violet,
chickweed, and other low
plants ; on the coast ; also
dwarf willows
N. plecta Galium verum,
Asperula odorata
,, festiva, h. ...violet, sallow, fox-
glove, &c.
„ rubi low plants
T. piniperda Scotch, and other
firs; resembles the "needles,"
on which it feeds
T. gothica sallow, hawthorn,
oak, &c. ; also dock, nettle,
laurel, broom, lilac, &c.
„ leucographa plantain
„ rubricosa dock
„ instabilis sloe, sallow, willow,
oak, dock, and other low plants
„ stabilis oak, elm, hawthorn,
&c.
„ gracilis willow, sallow, low
plants
J
T. cruda oak, nut ; also other
caterpillars
A. litura meadow sweet, and
other low plants; also oak,
willow, alder
C. vaccinii elm, oak, sallow,
willow, and low plants
D. mbiginea apple, dandelion,
and other low plants
C. xerampelina ash
D. carpophaga... Lychnis, and Silene
inflata, seeds
„ capsincola . . . Lychnis, and Silene,
seeds
„ cucubali Lychnis, Silene in-
flata, and Cucubalus bacciferus,
seeds
„ albimacula .. Silene nutans, seeds;
and s. S. inflata ; in dry and
hilly woods. When young,
conceals itself in the seed-
capsule, and afterwards at the
root, crawling up, after sunset,
to feed on the unripe seeds.
In confinement will also eat
seeds of Silene maritima, and
Lychnis dioica
„ conspersa Lychnis flos-cuculi,
and Silene inflata, seeds
„ compta garden pinks, and
other Caryophylleae, seeds
„ csesia Silene maritima, S.
inflata
H. dysodea fl., and seed-heads
of Sonchus, and Lactuca, (let-
tuce, garden and wild)
„ serena Jfl. of sow thistle,
hawkweed, wild lettuce, &c.
P. xanthomista... violet, harebell, &c. ,
at night
„ flavocincta ...chickweed, ground-
sel, mint, everlasting pea, &c.,
plum, &c.
D. templi in stem, and r. of
Heracleum sphondylium
E. lichenea, s. ...from Nov., ragwort,
and various low plants, on the
coast
A. Aprilina oak; hides in the
bark crevices
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVAE] JULY
M. oxyacanthse hawthorn, sloe
H. adusta, h. ...hawthorn, and sal-
low, when young ; afterwards,
low plants
„ glauca sallow, birch, bil-
berry, heath ; will eat lettuce,
in confinement
- „ peregrina Chenopodium, and
Salsola kali
„ chenopodii . . . Chenopodium
„ suasa plantain, lettuce,
knotgrass, &c.
, , thalassina honeysuckle, sallow,
broom, knotgrass, &c.
„ genistae broom, chickweed,
Silene, knotgrass, &c.
X. lithoriza honeysuckle
C. perspicillaris Hypericum
C. exoleta scabious, campion,
rest harrow, Eryngium mariti-
mum, dock, turnip, asparagus,
&c.
X. rhizolitha ...oak
„ semibrunnea willow, ash
„ petrificata ...oak, lime, birch
C. verbasci mullein, figwort
„ scrophulariae fig worts, mullein
,, lychnitis seeds of white, and
black mullein
„ gnaphalii golden rod
„ umbra tica Sonchus, lettuce,
&c. ; hides by day under leaves,
near the ground ; feeds on the
upper leaves, and fl. at night ;
very variable
H. marginata, e. rest harrow, pre-
ferring the fl.; also Arenaria,
and Hyoscamus ; knotgrass, in
confinement
„ peltigera rest harrow, Hyos-
camus niger, marigold, and
several coast plants
„ armigera wild mignonette,
preferring the fl.
„ scutosa Artemisia campes-
tris
A. myrtilli heath
H. arbuti Cerastium arvense,
forget-me-not, &c.
A. sulphuralis ...small convolvulus
A. luctuosa small convolvulus;
feeds by night
H. unca sedge (Carex)
B. parthenias ...birch ; s. oak, and
beech
P. orichalcea ...Eupatorium canna-
binum
„ chrysitis, h. ...thistle, Lappa, net-
tle, dead nettle, &c.
,, festucas reeds, sedges, and
grasses ; near the sea
„ gamma nettle, hop, and
most low plants
G. libatrix willow, sallow,
poplar
C. fraxini ash, poplars
„ nupta Salix fragilis, poplar,
&c. ; often found hiding in the
crevices of the bark, or under
detached pieces
O. lunaris ...oak
H. proboscidalis, h. nettle
„ crassalis heath
H. costaestrigalis thyme
P. punicealis ...Origanum vulgare,
between the leaves
,, purpuralis ...Mentha arvensis,
between united leaves
„ ostrinalis var. of P. purpuralis?
R. sanguinalis ...thyme, fl.
E. cingulalis Sal via pratensis,
under the leaves
A. niveus, b. ...in a case, under the
leaves of Potamogeton
B. lupulinalis ...in stems of hop
(I terrealis, h. ...golden rod, fl., &c.
„ asinalis, e. ...madder, fl., and
young seeds
P. forficalis cabbage, horse-
radish, &c.
S. sticticalis Artemisia
S. lineolalis, b. the lichens on sloe,
Parmelia parietana, and P.
olivacea
„ coarctalis .moss
N. genistella, b. furze ; also Genista
Corsica. Isle of Wight, and
New Forest
P. adelphella ...poplar, willow
R. formosella ...elm, birch
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JULY
LARVAE]
H. prasinana ...oak, &c.
A. prodromana Potentilla anserina,
and most low plants
P. sponsana beech, elm
„ mixtana heath
,t Caledoniana Myrica gale
„ cristana dwarf sallows, and
hawthorn; bet ween united leaves
„ hastiana dwarf sallows
„ aspersana Potentilla, and
meadow sweet
„ Shepherdana hemp agrimony,
meadow sweet ; in the tops
„ comariana (?) strawberry
P. marginana ...teazle, and probably
seed-heads of Composite
S. euphorbiana... Euphorbia paralis,
heads
M. consequana... Euphorbia paralis
P. rugosana Bryonia dioica
B. uliginosana ...Ly thrum salicaria ;
in fens
P. myrtillana ...Vaccinium
G. nsevana holly
P. immundana.. in leaves of birch,
and alder
E. nigricana in pea pods
„ pisana in pea pods, and
vetches
S. dorsana in pods of Vicia
lutea, and Orobus
„ perlepidana ...in Orobus pods
C. cana thistle heads
„ conterminana lettuce, fl., and
other Compositse
T. mediana seeds of Umbelliferse
E. curvistrigana fl. ofLactucamuralis
„ ciliana seeds of cowslip
„ anthemidana Erigeron acre, fl.
A. cnicana thistle stems
T. hyemana? ...oak
E. gelatella between sallow, or
hawthorn leaves
P. radiella in a case, on grass
T. fuscipunctella on all kinds of waste
substances
N. scabiosellus, h. in seed-heads of
Scabiosa arvensis ; in the
autumn in its case, on various
low plants
I 2
N. cupriacella, h. in seed-heads of
teazle, and Scabiosa succisa
S . pyrella hawthorn, apple,
pear, &c.
Y. viginipunctella Sedum telephium
C. pyraustella ...on Thalictrum aqui-
legifolium, on the Continent
Y. sylvella, b. ...oak
D. costosella ...furze, and broom, fl.
„ pallorella in leaves of Centau-
rea scabiosa
„ umbellella ...furze
„ conterminella shoots of sallow
„ ocellella sallow
„ ciliella most Umbelliferse,
and Angelica
„ emeritella ...in tansy leaves
„ pulcherimella Bunium flexuosum,
fl.
„ chserophyllivorella Chserophyllum
„ nervosella ...parsnip, &CEnanthe
crocata
„ olerella, b. ...Achilleamillefolium
G. hippophaella Hippophae rham-
noides, between the terminal
leaves
„ cuneatella ...willows
„ longicornis ? Erica cinerea
„ acuminatella in thistle leaves
„ costella Solanum dulcamara
„ obsoletella ...in stems of Cheno-"
podium
„ atriplicella ...Atriplex, and Che-'
nopodium
„ solutella ? Genista pilosa
,, paupella Inula dysenterica,
in fl. -heads
„ inopella Inula dysenterica, in
fl. -heads
A. granitella Inula dysenterica
„ autumnitella Solanum dulcamara
R. Erxlebenella Tilia
G. fischeriella ...in seeds of Dactylis
glomerata, and other grasses
CE. dentella seeds of Chaerophyl-
lum, and Angelica sylvestris
P. obscurepunctella honeysuckle
T. resplendella . . . alder
G. alchimiella ...oak [more
„ hemidactylella maple, and syca-
n6
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE] JULY
G. semifasciella maple
„ populetella ...birch, aspen
„ elongella in rolled -up leaves
of birch, and alder
„ tringipennella plantain
„ omissella, b. Artemisia vulgaris
„ Hoffmanniella Orobus niger
C. Brogniartella oak
O. avellanella ...nut
M anglicella hawthorn, sloe
„ betulaevorella birch
„ torquilella ...sloe
C. troglodytella Inula dysenterica,
and Eupatorium cannabinum
„ siccifoliella ... hawthorn, apple,
birch
„ limosipennella elm
„ ardesepennella, b. oak
L. Raschkiella...Epilobium angusti-
folium
„ epilobiella ...Epilobiumhirsutum
,r decolorella ...in stems of Epilo-
bium montanum,E. parviflorum,
E. palustre, E. hirsutum, &c.,
producing gall-like swellings
Ir subbistrigella in seed-pods of Epi-
lobium montanum
C. Schrankella... Epilobium alsini-
folium
A. Langiella Circsea lutetiana
A. modestella ...in capsule of Stel-
laria holostea
C. festaliella honeysuckle, rasp-
berry, bramble
A. Pfeifferella ...dogwood
S. Brunnichella Melissa clinipodium
E. poella Poa aquatica
„ Kilmunella ...Carex
„ nigrella Poa trivialis, &c.
,r subnigrella ...Bromus erectus
„ Bedellella ...A vena pratensis
„ subobscurella Holcus mollis
, , zonariella Aira csespitosa
„ cerussella reed
„ biatomella ... Carex glauca
T. marginea (emyella) in bramble
L. roborella oak
„ hortella oak
„ Amyotella ...oak, nut
„ lantanella Viburnum lantana
L. irradiella oak
„ Bremiella ...vetches
,, lautella oak
„ vaccinella ...whortleberry
„ cavella birch
„ pomifoliella... apple, hawthorn
„ corylella nut, birch
„ spinicolella ...sloe
„ faginella beech
,, torminella ...Sorbus torminalis
„ salicolella sallow
„ viminetella ...osier
„ carpinicolella hornbeam
,, ulmifoliella ...birch
„ spinolella sallow, willow
,, quercifoliella oak, willow
„ Messaniella ...oak, evergreen oak,
chesnut, hornbeam
„ corylifoliella hawthorn]
„ Caledoniella hawthorn, birch
„ viminiella ...osier, sallow
„ alnifoliella ...alder
„ Heegeriella . . . oak
„ Cramerella ...oak
„ tenella hornbeam
„ acerifoliella ...maple
,, emberizsepennella honeysuckle
„ Frolichiella ...alder
„ Nicelliella ...alder
„ stettinella alder
„ Klemannella alder
„ Schreberella elm
„ tristrigella .. elm
„ trifasciella ...honeysuckle
„ scabiossecolella in r. leaves of
Scabiosa columbaria
„ comparella ...poplar
L. Clerckella ...sloe, apple, cherry,
hawthorn, &c.
„ padifoliella ...sloe, birch, &c.
C. spartifoliella broom; under bark
„ laburnella ...laburnum
„ lotella Lotus major
B. aurimaculella... Chrysanthemum,
and ox eye
„ ulmella oak
„ cristatella yarrow
N. atricapitella oak
„ anomalella ...rose
„ perpygmseella hawthorn
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 117
LARVJE] JULY
N. pomella apple N. atricolella ...apple, hawthorn
„ oxyacanthella hawthorn ,, arcuosella ...strawberry
„ viscerella elm „ marginecolella elm
„ catharticella buckthom „ glutinosella ...
„ Septembrella Hypericum „ splendidissimella bramble, and
„ cryptella Lotus dewberry; rarer in wild rasp-
trimaculella . . .poplar berry
floslactella ...nut, hornbeam „ luteella birch
salicivorella... sallows „ sorbiella mountain ash
myrtillella ...bilberry „ centifoliella, b. ...dog rose, and
microtheriella nut, hornbeam cabbage rose
betulicolella... birch T. pulverosella...wild apple
ignobilella ..hawthorn P. acanthodactylus Bartsia, and rest
acetosella sorrel harrow
plagicolella ...sloe „ punctidactylus in seed-capsules
prunetella ...sloe of columbine
tityrella beech „ dichrodactylus tansy
malella wild apple A. polydactyla . . . honeysuckle, buds
PUP^E]
Many species are now rapidly "taking to earth," and a large number,
besides those specified in the list, could be obtained by diligent searching.
But at this period of the year, with
"Its glorious days of golden light,"
and
"its virgin roses' blushes,
Warm as when Aurora rushes
Freshly from the God's embrace,
With all her shame upon her face,"
greater attractions are presented by the numerous insects which may be ob-
tained in the imago and larva states, especially as the search for many of the
pupae may be safely deferred till a later, and less busy period.
L. sinapis on stems of Vicia V. Atalanta suspended, within a
cracca, and Orobus tuberosus, chamber formed by united leaves
in woods of nettle
P. brassicse on palings, walls, &c. „ cardui on, or near thistles
„ rapse on palings, walls, &c. S. ^Egeria on grass stems, &c.
Ir napi on palings, walls, &c. „ Megsera on grass stems, &c.
A. cardamines ...to April, on stems of T. betuke on sloe, and birch ;
grass, &c. generally on stunted bushes ;
G. rhamni attached, by a thread, placed lengthways, on a leaf
to leaves, and stems of buck- L. Argiolus spun up, closely
thorn adhering to the underside of a
V. polychloros... under copings, and holly leaf
on palings, &c., near elms L. chrysorrhsea in a slight cocoon,
,, Io among nettle amongst leaves, &c.
n8
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
JULY
L. dispar ... ...... in a slight cocoon,
amongst leaves, &c.
,, monacha ...... in a web, in bark
crevices of oak, birch, apple,
beech, fir, &c.
O. antiqua ..... to Sept., in a web,
on palings, &c.
T. crataegi ......... in a compact, earthy
cocoon, on, or near the surface
of the ground, among hawthorn,
sloe, &c.
E. lanestris ......... cocoon, on the
ground, near hawthorn, sloe,
&c.
B. castrensis ...... in a cocoon, among,
or near Artemisia maritima, &c.
E. erosaria ...... under moss, on oak,
birch, &c.
„ angularia ...... under moss, on oak,
birch, beech, &c.
N. zonaria ..... sub. , on sand-hills
„ hispidaria ...... at oak
H. abraptaria ...spun up, on twigs,
or between the forks, or beneath
the branches, of lilac, rose, or
privet
H. rupicapraria to Jan., in a slight
web, on the ground, among
hawthorn, sloe, or oak
„ leucophearia... to Jan., on the
ground, near oak
„ aurantiaria, e. sub., at hawthorn,
birch, oak, &c.
„ progemmaria to Jan. , sub. , at oak,
birch, hornbeam, &c.
„ defoliaria ...... sub., at oak, haw-
thorn, sloe, hornbeam, nut,
elm, &c.
C. brumata ...... sub. , at oak, &c.
O. dilutata ...... sub. , at oak, &c.
L. multistrigaria to Mar. , sub. , about
Galium
E. decolorata ... to April, about
Lychnis dioica
E. venosata ...... to April, about
Silene, and Lychnis
A. badiata ...... to Mar., in earthen
cocoon, on the ground, beneath
dog rose bushes [rose
„ derivata ...... to Mar., sub., at dog
C. russata spun up, on leaf of
strawberry, birch, hawthorn,
sallow, &c.
E. lineolata cocoon attached to
Galium verum, on coast sand-
hills, just under the surface
P. falcula between united birch
leaves
P. Cassinea to Oct., sub., at oak;
deep
C. reclusa spun up, among dead
leaves of sallow, poplars, willow
D. cseruleocephala spun up, at haw-
thorn, and sloe ; on a twig, or
under bark
C. diluta amongst leaves, &c.,
of oak, and birch
N. geminipuncta in reeds ; may be
detected by small hole in the stem
, , lutosa inside stems of com-
mon reed
H. petasitis at r. of Petasitis
vulgaris ; below plants which
have a hole in the stem
„ micacea, e. ...at r. of Cyperacse,
Equisetum, and dock
A. cursoria by raking sand-hills,
on the coast, near Euphorbia
esula, sandwort, sea violet, &c.
„ agathina sub. , about heath
„ prascox, b. ...by raking sand-hills,
on the coast, near dwarf willows,
sandwort, sea violet, chickweed,
&c.
N. xanthographa sub., at various
trees, and on heaths, &c.
T. populeti to Feb., sub., at
poplars, especially Populus
nigra ; deep
,, miniosa to Feb., amongst
fallen leaves, &c.
„ munda to Mar. , under moss,
at base of oaks
A. litura sub. , at r. of low plants
H. croceago sub., at oak, just
below the surface
X. citrago at lime; generally
between united leaves ; the
larva remains a long time before
changing
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
119
PUP-ffi]
JULY
x.
sub., at sallow
D.
cerago
silago
aurago in a cocoon, at
beech ; the larva a long time
changing
ferruginea sub., at sallow,
poplar, &c.
xerampelina, e, ...sub., at ash;
cocoon very tender, and brittle
retusa sub. , at sallow
trapezina, b. at oak, birch, horn-
beam, &c. ; among leaves on,
or near the surface
diffinis, b. ...at elm; spun up, on
the trunk, or between leaves, or
amongst rubbish, at the r.
affinis, b at elm; spun up, on
the trunk, or between leaves, or
among rubbish, at the r.
capsophila ..sub., about Silene
maritima
capsincola
maritima
chi .
sub., about Silene P.
sub. , near low plants
Xanthomista sub., on exposed
rocks, on Isle of Man coast
flavocincta . . . sub. , near low plants
lichenea sub., by Sedumacre,
&c. ; on the coast
Aprilina, e. ...sub., at oak
protea sub., at oak
solidaginis, b. sub., about bilberry
conformis ...at alder, and birch ;
under moss, or in folded
leaves
C. chamomillae... among, or near
chamomile, &c.
G. libatrix among willow, sal-
low, and poplar ; spun up, in
the leaves, at end of twigs
C. nupta, e at Salix fragilis, and
poplar ; among the leaves, or in
crevices of bark, or under loose
bark
„ sponsa at oak; among the
leaves, on the tree
H. derivalis among sallow, bram-
ble, and dead oak leaves
C. fascelinellus...in cocoons, just
under the sand, among Triticum
junceum
H. costella in cocoon, on leaves,
moss, &c., round oaks
H. scabrella in canoe-shaped
cocoon, on leaves of hawthorn,
moss, &c.
rhododactylus on rose
acanthodactylus on Bartsia, and.
rest harrow, attached to the
stems
„ hieracii on Hieracium um-
bellatum
„ pilosellse on Hieracium pilo-
sella
„ phseodactylus on rest harrow
,, pterodactylus on convolvulus
„ spilodactylus on Marrubium
vulgare
,, tetradactylus on thyme
A. polydacty la... on honeysuckle
IMAGOS]
The summer harvest of life now teems on every side, as with
" Purple, gold, and green, the living blossoms swarm."
This is the great month for insects in the perfect state, though the very minute
species are not so numerous as in June ; still all the great divisions, and
especially the Noctuse, and the Tortrices, are well represented. During the
hot months of summer, the cycle of insect-life is often so rapidly completed,
while the commencement and duration of that cycle vary so much according
to the temperature, that not unfrequently a single month includes the time-
space in which a species passes through all the stages of its existence ; and
120 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
five to six weeks the period for a brood to hatch from the egg, attain the
imago state, deposit eggs, and die. Though woods and forests,
" So thick no bird bet\vixt their leaves could fly
But she would smite her wings,"
are the most prolific, in the number of species they yield, barren-looking
places,
" Where zephyrs wave the balmy wing,
And fan the buxom air,"
will well repay a careful search. Each peculiar locality produces peculiar
insects. While the dry land and level country should be made to yield their
insect treasures, as they sally forth on floating gauze,
"No jewell'd queen
So rich,"
marshes and mountains, moors and mosses, hills and heaths, woods and forests,
cliffs and coast sands, ought all to be diligently explored, for " beauties un-
espied. " Tree trunks, palings, fences, and walls should not be forgotten. On
the latter, if old and covered with lichen, B. perla will be sure to be found, and
often also the rarer B. glandifera, much resembling in its mottled green, olive,
black, and grey markings, the lichen on the wall upon which it fed when a
larva. B. abietaria may be found resting on large larch trunks, in elevated
districts, generally at no great height from the ground. They must be care-
fully approached, or they will be lost.
A large number of species may be now captured at light. Thatch-beating
may, this month, be advantageously resumed. Heads of rushes should be
examined from 9 to 10 o'clock at night, as many moths swarm at them, es-
pecially during the last fortnight in this month. Puddles, carrion, &c., attract
some butterflies, especially that king of his tribe, the Emperor, who comes,
"flushed with a purple grace,"
" Prouder than when blue Iris bends. "
Even a mass of the despised stinging nettle is often worth visiting, from the
moths attracted to the "honey dew," on the leaves. On dull days many
Noctuse, as well as Geometers, may sometimes be found, at rest, on stumps,
stones, and leaves.
Although the Collector's "sugar" is the great attraction to which the
Noctuse are drawn,
"Swift, as with Dsedalean wing,"
to many members of this family light is equally alluring. In fact, bright
light seems to have a highly stimulating, dazzling, and no doubt, delightful
effect upon nearly the whole of the Lepidoptera : almost all butterflies, and
a large number of moths revel in the hottest sunshine ; while brilliant, arti-
ficial light seems so highly exciting that many moths "a death of rapture
dare" by rushing into the burning flame. Moreover, the Noctuae are not
alone open to the attraction of sweets ; at least some members of the other
great families of the Lepidoptera are equally so, whether in the form of
"sugar," of honey-scented flowers, or of ripe fruits. During this, the great
month for captures of Noctuse, the facts here briefly referred to should not
be forgotten.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
121
IMAGOS]
P. Machaon fens, and marshes;
chiefly Cambridge, and Nor-
folk
L. sinapis, e. s. woods ; this brood
is seldom so abundant as the
spring brood
P. cratsegi near woods, &c. ;
local
„ brassicse, e. 2. gardens, &c.
„ rapoe, m. 2. ...gardens, &c.
,, napi, m. 2. ...gardens, &c.
G. rhamni, e. ...woods, lanes, &c.
C. Edusa clover fields, railway
banks, &c. ; some seasons this
species is very abundant
„ Hyale clover fields, &c.,
more especially near the coast ;
in some seasons abundant, in
others not seen
A. Paphia woods ; fond of fly-
ing among bramble fl.
„ Aglaia at fl. on hill-sides,
coast sand-hills, &c.
„ Niobe hill-sides, in com-
pany with Aglaia or adippe ;
has been taken in the New
Forest, at the Devil's Gallop,
Windermere, and in Kent, be-
tween Wye and Ashford
„ adippe woods; fond of fl.
of Centaurea, &c.
M. Athalia woods, and heaths
V. c-album gardens, hop-grounds,
woods, lanes, &c. ; fond of fl.,
and fruits
„ urticse gardens, fields, &c.
„ polychloros ...among elms, and at
the sap flowing from Cossus-
infected trees
„ Antiopa at fl. , and at Cossus-
infected trees, &c. ; s. not seen
for many years
tl Io, e woods, gardens, &c.
,, Atalanta, e. gardens, fallen fruit
in orchards, and Cossus-infected
trees
„ cardui, e attracted by thistles,
&c. ; rests on dusty roads, and
on the leads of tall buildings in
the hot sunshine
JULY
L. sibylla, b.
. . . woods, parks, forests,
where honeysuckle abounds ;
the flight is lower in the early
morning, than later in the day
A. Iris woods, &c.; fond of
flying over tops of oaks ; at-
tracted by puddles, exuviae,
dead animals, &c. ; generally
accompanied by T. quercus ;
may be s. brought to earth by
a sod, thrown up at it
A. Galatea fields, &c. ; rests on
grass stems, in dull weather,
and at night
E. epiphron in marshy hollows,
on mountain sides, Scotland
„ Medea, m. ... Northern moors, &c.
S. ^Egeria, e. 2. woods, & shady lanes
,r Semele, m. ...hills, dry pastures,
heaths, coast sand-hills, &c.
„ lanira fields, &c.
„ Tithonus hedges, &c.
„ hyperanthus... woods, &c.
C. Davus ..Northern moors
„ Pamphilus, 2. fields, &c.
T. quercus woods, &c. ; flies
over the tops of oak, and ash,
in the sunshine, and rests under
the leaves at night, and in dull
weather
,r w. -album flies over trees, in
the sunshine, especially wytch
elm; is attracted byfl. of grass,
and other fl. ; may be s. brought
down by a clod
,, pruni woods
„ betutae, e. ...woods ; at fl. ; in
dull, or wet weather may be
found hanging from the under-
side of leaves of sloe, and other
bushes
P. Hippothoe ...formerly in the Cam-
bridge fens; now supposed to
be extinct in this country
„ Phlceas, s. ...fields, &c.
L. ^gon rests, at night, on
heath, &c.
„ Alexis fields, &c.; rests on
grass stems, &c., in dull, and
windy weather, and at night
122
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
L. Corydon, e. ... chalk downs,
limestone hills
„ Acis formerly near
Leominster ; now supposed to
be extinct in this country
„ Argiolus, e. ... among holly, and
ivy ; this brood is seldom so
abundant as the spring brood
H. comma, e. ...hills, &c.
„ linea fields, and woods
,, Actseon, m....if the season is for-
ward ; on the Dorset coast,
flying with H. linea ; does not
continue fine long after it is out
A. atropos at rest, on palings,
&c.
D. euphorbise ...has occurred on the
coast, and at Killing, Ireland,
among sea spurge, and cypress-
leaved spurge
lt galii on the sand-hills at
Deal, and other parts of the
coast, among bedstraw
S. chrysidiformis at Folkestone, and
Eastbourne, and probably other
places on the S.E. coast; flies
from about 9 to II, a.m., and
3 to 4, p.m. ; "booms along
like a burnet"
tl ichneumoniformis by sweeping the
fl. of rushes, &c., on slopes on
the coast ; hovers over fl.
„ muscseformis on the coast, among
sea pink
„ scolseformis ...on birch trunks
„ bembeciformis among osiers, sal-
lows, &c.
Z. sesculi on trees, &c.
C. ligniperda ... on trees, and palings
H. sylvinus, e. ...on heaths, and grassy
lanes, and banks ; flies just be-
fore dusk
„ velleda on walls, and in cre-
vices of birch trunks
L. asellus has been beaten
Z. minos flies in the sunshine,
and rests on fl.
N. cucullatella . . . on trees, and palings
„ strigula
„ centonalis
JULY
and
N. albulalis has been taken in
young ash plantations, in Kent
N. senex, e in wet places ; flies
at night
„ mundana beaten from weeds,
against loose stone walls
,.on lichen-covered
...beaten from trees
,. on lichen-covered
S. irrorella
trees
C. miniata
L. mesomella
trees
„ muscerda ... in fens, among alder;
flies in the evening
„ aureola on larch trunks, high
up ; and may be beaten from
trees
„ deplana beaten from yew,
and other trees
,, lurideola comes to fl., rests
among herbage, &c.
„ molybdeola ...
„ complana flies at dusk, and
after dark
„ griseola on lichen-covered
trees ; comes to fl.
„ stramineola (var.) by moist wood-
sides, and ditches
„ quadra beaten from fir, and
oak ; comes to fl. of lime, &c.
„ rubricollis ...flies in the sunshine,
over trees, &c.
E. grammica heaths, &c.
„ cribrum heaths, &c.
D. pulchella has been taken flying
by day, in stubble fields, proba-
bly near the field forget-me-not,
its food-plant
E. jacobese gardens, fields, &c.;
flies in the sunshine
C. caia gardens, &c.; at rest;
very sluggish
L. chrysorrhaea at rest
„ auriflua at rest, on hedges,
trees, &c.
„ salicis, e on willows, and pop-
lars
„ dispar formerly found at
large ; now bred artificially
„ monacha at rest
O. ccenosa fens, and marshes
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
123
IMAGOS] JULY
O. gonostigma... very local
„ antiqua 6 often seen flying
about wildly just before rain
B. neustria at rest
,, castrensis at rest; ontheS.E.
coast
„ quercus (callunoe) heaths, &c.
„ roboris (quercus) flies at dusk ;
more frequently met with in the
larva state
O. potatoria at rest, among coarse
grass, &c.
O. sambucata, b. flies wildly at dusk,
and soon after dark ; not always
quiet, when boxed
E. vespertaria ...flies from 7 to 9, or
10, a.m.
,, apiciaria hedges, &c. ; flies
soon after 7, a.m.
„ advenaria among bilberry, and
grass, in woods
R. crataegata hedges, &c.
A. prunaria woods ; flies in the
sunshine, also at dusk
M. margaritata... hedges, &c.
E. fasciaria, h. . . .beaten from fir trees;
flies at night
P. syringaria ...gardens, &c. ; flies at
dusk, over fl.
S. illunaria, b.... at rest, on trees, &c.
„ illustraria, e. 2. the summer brood,
or var. delunaria
C. elinguaria, e. hedges, &c.
E. erosaria at rest
„ angularia on trees, &c.
on fir trees, &c.
..on lichen - covered
C. glabraria, e.
„ lichenaria..
oaks
B. repandata ...
„ rhomboidaria
„ perfumaria
„ abietaria, b.
„ roboraria
.. consortaria
G. obscurata
gardens, &c. ; come
to sugar. The
whole of this
genus may be
found at rest, on
tree trunks ; most
of them skittish in
presence of dan-
ger, so must be
approached cau-
tiously
...s. flies by day
D. obfuscata on heaths, about
Scotch mountains
P. trepidaria flies by day; on
mountains, in Scotland
M. cineraria
P. cytisaria heaths, forests, and
waste places, on the coast ; may
be beaten from broom, furze,
and heath
G. papilionaria... comes to 1. ; flies at
dusk ; may be beaten from trees,
in the day time ; has been
found among brake fern
„ smaragdaria...on the Kent, and
Essex coasts
I. vernaria, b. ... beaten from cle-
matis, chiefly in elevated, and
exposed situations
P. baiularia among oak; flies at
dusk
H. thymiaria ...hedges, &c.
H. Auroraria ...
A. syl vata woods
„ Blomeraria .. on wooded hill-sides,
near wytch elms, at rest, on
tree trunks
E. heparata among alder
V. cambricaria...at rest, on rocks
A. rubricata heaths, and coast
sand-hills; flies just before sunset
„ scutulata hedges, &c.
„ bisetata hedges, &c.
„ contiguaria . . . Conway, Bangor, &c.
„ herbariata ...has been found in
herbalists' shops
,r rusticata Portland, and North-
fleet, — very local ; resting flat,
on ivy leaves ; flies at dusk
„ dilutaria
„ interjectaria...Plumstead marshes,
and Folkestone
„ holosericata . . . Bristol, and Thetford
„ incanaria on palings, walls,
&c. , near gardens
„ ornata grassy hills, &c.
„ straminata ...
„ mancuniata ...
„ subsericeata... beaten from wild
rose bushes, on hills
.. immutata fens, &c.
124
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
A. strigilata Folkestone, among E.
clematis „
„ emutaria salt marshes of
Kent, (Sheerness), Norfolk, „
(King's Lynn), and the New ,,
Forest ; flies at dusk. The
Sheerness specimens are more „
tinged with rose-colour, than „
the others „
,, aversata woods, &c.
„ inornata at rest, on fir trunks; „
flies at dusk „
„ degeneraria ...at rest, on various „
plants, and on the rock, at Port- „
land „
„ emarginata, b. ,,
T. amataria hedges, and waste
places
C. exanthemana woods „
M. alternata M
„ liturata fir woods
H. vauaria in gardens „
S. plumaria heaths, &c. T.
F. pinetaria Scotch heaths ; flies Y.
in the sunshine
„ conspicuata ...on broom M.
M . euphorbiata, 2 ? woods ,,
S. sacraria has been taken at 1., M,
at sugar, and at fl. j and also
flies by day
L. purpuraria ...on dry hills, in the
North ; flies by day „
A. ononaria among rest harrow „
A. strigillaria ...on heaths „
A. grossulariata in gardens, and
hedges „
„ ulmata woods, &c., near „
wytch elms „
L. adustata among spindle C.
L. marginata ...woods
L. ruficinctata ...woods „
,r salicata C.
„ olivata woods „
E. tseniata the Lake district,
&c. P.
„ unifasciata ...local „
„ bifasciata? ...in an old hedge S
„ ericetata heaths; at fl. ; flies „
by day „
„ blandiata hills, &c. C.
centaureata...on palings, &c.
succenturiata beaten from haw-
thorn
subfulvata ...at fl.
arceuthata ...flies among jumper,
and savine
trisignata
fraxinata among ash
innotata at Wallasy
constrictata ...
subnotata often on river banks
campanulata at fl., in woods, &c.
vulgata, 2. ...at rest
expallidata ...
absynthiata ...
knautiata among Knautia
arvensis, very local
tenuiata beaten from sallows
subciliata, e. beaten from maple
sobrinata beaten from juniper,
and at fl.
pumilata, 2....
firmata among larch
elutata woods ; flies high,
when disturbed
, rubiginata ...
albicillata . . .
. hastata flies in the sunshine,
generally after 2 p.m.; may be
beaten from birch, and other
trees ; very pugnacious
tristata
procellata ...among clematis
unangulata ...beaten from hedge
banks
rivata
sociata, e
montanata . . . woods
munitata fond of settling on
underside of fallen trees
quadrifasciaria on palings, &c.-
bilineata hedges
fluviata at 1., at sugar, and
at fl. ; at Rannoch, &c.
tersata among clematis
lignata
vetulata, b. ...among buckthorn
rhamnata comes to fl.
undulata woods
picata beaten from bushes
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
125
IMAGOS]
C. sagittata in fens
„ russata woods
„ immanata......
„ reticulata the Lake
&c.
„ prunata
,, testata
Ir populata
„ fulvata beaten from bushes
„ pyraliata gardens, and fields
„ dotata near woods
P. comitata
E. mensuraria ...
„ bipunctaria ...on the chalk, and
limestone
,, lineolata ..rests on coarse grasses,
on the coast
C. imbutata
L. griseata on the Norfolk coast,
among Sisymbrium
C. obliquaria ...among broom; does
not fly till between 10 and II,
p.m.
T. chserophyllata in grassy places, in,
and near woods ; flies in the sun-
shine
P. lacer tul a beaten from birch
D. furcula
„ bifida
S. fagi at rest, on tree
trunks, in beech woods
P. bucephala ...at rest ; at light
C. curtula, 2
P. palpina, b. ...comes to 1.
N. camelina at light; hides on
fronds of fern, and in, and on
trees
„ cucullina "comes out mostly
when the glass is near 80 deg. ,
and a thunderstorm is imminent"
„ dictsea, b at rest, at base of
willows, and large poplars
„ diet seoides ..rests on birch
„ tritophus
„ ziczac, b hides in bark
crevices of poplar
T. derasa
, , batis flies over brambles,
at dusk
C. duplaris
JULY
C. fluctuosa this, and C. or do
not always travel quietly, when
boxed
District, „ or, b s. on aspens
B. glandifera on old walls
„ algae
„ perla on old walls
D. Orion at rest, on oak trunks
A. tridens ) at rest, on trees,
l( psi \ palings, &c.
„ leporina rests on tree trunks,
s. high up
„ aceris on trunks of syca-
more, and palings, near
„ strigosa at sugar
„ ligustri, b. ...on ash trees
.heaths, &c. in the
„ rumicis...
„ auricoma
„ myricse...
N.
L. conigera in grassy places
„ turca among grass
„ lithargyria, h.
„ obsoleta in wet places
„ Loreyi
„ putrescens ...among grass
„ littoralis on coast sand-hills ;
settles on tufts of Ammophila
arenaria
,, pudorina marshes, and fens
„ comma
„ straminea ...marshes, and fens
„ impura
„ pallens
„ phragmitidis marshes, and fens
T. Bondii in wet places ; rests
on stems of grass, at night
S. ulvae marshes, &c.
N. despecta marshes, and fens
„ elymi on coast sand-hills ;
very sluggish ; hides among
Elymus arenarius, and maram
grass, from which it may be
shaken
„ neurica in wet places
„ geminipuncta in wet places
G. flavago in marshy spots, near
thistles
H . nictitan s at ragwort, thistle,
&c., and among grass
126
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
A. putris at r. of trees A. suffusa
X. rurea ,, fennica
,, lithoxylea among grass „ saucia
„ sublustris „ segetum ,
„ polyodon „ lunigera, e. ...
„ hepatica ,, exclamationis
„ scolopacina ...damp, grassy places gardens
A. Australis among grass, near „ corticea
the S. coast; comes to 1. „ cinerea
N. saponaria ...at sugar, and 1. ,, ripse
C. graminis, e on commons, &c. ; s. wood, &c.,
at ragwort, and thistle fl. „ cursoria
P. leucophsea ...among grass sand-hills
C. cytherea dry, grassy places „ nigricans
C. exulis has been taken at „ tritici
sugar „ aquilina ,
M. abjecta among coarse grass „ porphyrea ..
„ anceps marshes, and fens ,, prascox
„ furva in grassy places coast
„ brassicse hides on palings, „ ravida
walls, &c. ,, pyrophila
„ persicarise ...on palings, under „ helvetina
eaves, walls, &c. „ lucernea
„ connexa „ Ashworthii . . ,
„ gemina in grassy places T. ianthina
„ unanimis marshes, and fens ,, fimbria
„ ophiogramma marshes, &c.;s. at 1. „ interjecta.. ..
„ fibrosa in marshy places „ subsequa
„ oculea „ Orbona
M. strigilis „ pronuba
„ fasciuncula ...at fl. N. depuncta
„ literosa on the coast „ augur
„ furuncula „ plecta
„ arcuosa flies at dusk, for a „ flammatra .
short time, then settles on fl., „ c.-nigrum....
and the foliage of its food-plant „ ditrapezium .
P. captiuncula (expolita) at Darling- wood, &c.
ton „ triangulum .
C. Haworthii ... „ rhomboidea.
G. trilinea „ brunnea ....
H. palustris s. comes to 1. „ festiva
A. caliginosa ... „ conflua
C. Morpheus ... „ Dahlii
„ alsines ,, subrosea ....
„ blanda „ rubi
„ cubicularis ...beaten from thatch; f( umbrosa
flies in hay fields „ baia
R. tenebrosa „ sobrina
A. valligera at fl.; mostly on the „ neglecta, e. .
coast heather
at 1., sugar, and fl.
often in kitchen
under pieces of
near the coast
by beating, on coast
among heath
on sand-hills, by the
at fl.
very local
.at 1., and sugar
at 1., and sugar
at 1., and sugar
,at 1., and sugar
.comes to 1.
.New Forest, Birch -
.atl.
.in fens
.at ragwort fl.
.at Rannoch
.at sugared rags, on
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
127
IMAGOS]
N. xanthographa
P. alpina lias been taken in
Perthshire
O. suspecta
„ upsilon .flies over willows
X. cerago on leaves, and twigs
of lime trees, at night
T. subtusa comes to 1.
„ retusa, e comes to 1.
E. fulvago, e. ...on heath fl. ; Sher-
wood, and the Lake District
D. oo comes to 1.
C. trapezina
„ dimnis comes to 1.
„ affinis comes to 1.
E. ochroleuca ...at fl.; rests on knap-
weed, thistles, &c.
D. irregularis ...at rest, on viper's
bugloss, and in crevices of bark
of trees
„ carpophaga, b. at dusk, at Silene
fl. The whole genus are
attracted by fl.
„ capsophila ...
„ conspersa
„ caesia generally on the
coast
H. dysodea, b. ...at fl. of red valerian
„ serena, b on trees, palings,
&c., near kitchen gardens, &c.
P. chi on trees
E. viminalis, b. rests among sallows
P. meticulosa .
JULY
H. thalassini, b.
„ contigua
„ rectilinea at rest, on stones,
&c., on dull days
C. lychnitis .. —
„ asteris
,, absynthii
„ chamomillae...at rest
„ umbratica ...at rest, on palings,
and at fl.
H. marginata ...
„ peltigera maybe started from
herbage
„ dipsacea flies over fl., in the
sunshine
A. myrtilli on heaths; flies in
the sunshine
A. sulphuralis ...at light ; s. on fl. of
knapweed, in the day time ;
flies quickly a little way, when
disturbed
A. luctuosa flies in the sunshine,
over fl., in clover fields, &c.
,. Solaris ..
woods, &c. ; very
E. lucipara
A. herbida
local
,, occulta at rest ; flies early
in the morning ; unquiet when
boxed
„ tincta on trees, stumps,
and palings ; unquiet when
boxed
„ ad vena, b. ...at fl. ; rests on
stumps, and trees
H. adusta
„ glauca
„ dentina on trees
„ chenopodii ...atfl., and 1.
„ oleracea among herbage
E. venustula
„ fuscula ...
H. unca
M. ostrina...
,.s. in fir woods
..marshes, and fens
..in sheltered spots,
on sand-hills
„ paula ? at Freshwater, Isle
of Wight
A. urticse ) among, or near
„ triplasia ] nettle
P. orichalcea ...on the coast
, , chrysitis among nettle
„ bractea
„ iota among Glechoma
hederacea
„ v.-aureum ...at lychnis fl., &c.
„ gamma flies in the sunshine
„ interrogationis flies wildly ; rests
on rocks, and stumps, in dull
weather
A. pyramidea ...
„ tragopogonis hides in windows
M. typica rests on walls, &c.
„ maura s. rests on inner
surface of roofs of outhouses
T. pastinum beaten from bushes
128
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
S . anomala atheathfl.,at night,
and flies along hedge-rows ;
remains fine but a very few days
after emergence
C. nupta, e at rest, on trees and
walls ; soon alarmed, when
appoached ; comes to 1.
in the New Forest,
„ promissa ... Norfolk, &c. ; all
„ sponsa the genus are rest-
less when boxed
P. senea flies in the sunshine
M. salicalis among long grass,
and marshes, in wood -paths,
and young underwood
H. proboscidalis among nettle
„ rostralis in gardens; at sugar
,, crassalis, b. ...on heaths, among
bilberry
H. albistrigalis...at rush fl., and s.
sugar
„ costsestrigalis at rush fl., and s.
sugar
S. turfosalis in marshy places
R. sericealis in marshes, and
damp woods
S. emortualis ...has been taken at
sugar
H. derivalis
„ barbalis
growth
„ tarsipennalis woods, &c.
„ grisealis woods, &c.
„ cribralis in fens, &c.
A. flexula has been beat en from
hedges
O. dentalis on the coast, among
viper's bugloss
P. fimbrialis comes to 1.
„ farinalis in stables, corn
stores, &c.
„ glaucinalis ...in thatch, and at 1.
A. pinguinalis ...on walls of stables,
houses, granaries, &c.
cuprealis occurs in houses
C. angustalis
P. punicealis edges of woods, &c.
„ purpuralis(2 ?) flies by day ; rarely
taken at light
H. cespitalis in grassy places
....comes to 1.
...beaten from under-
E. cingulalis ...... on grassy hill-sides,
&c.
E. octomaculalis in woods
A. nemoralis . . .at Holme Bush, near
Henfield, Sussex
E. flammealis ...on sloping hills, and
cliffs, near the sea, among fern ;
very local [places
D. literalis ...... generally in dry
N. cilialis ......... in fens, &c.
S. punctalis ...... among Iris fcetidis-
sima
C. lemnalis ------ flies over duckweed-
covered ponds, at dusk ; comes
tol.
P. stratiotalis ...flies at dusk, among
water-plants ; conies to 1.
A. niveus ......... at rest, on twigs, &c.,
in weedy ponds, and rivers, close
to the water's edge, or flying
slowly over the surface
B. flavalis ......... in chalk, and lime-
stone districts, on the S. coast
„ hyalinalis ...... in chalk, and lime-
stone districts
„ verticalis ...... among nettle
,r lancealis ...... in damp woods, or
lanes, near
„ terrealis ...... Lynmouth, Conway
„ asinalis ......... at light
,, urticalis ...... among nettle
E. crocealis ..... among fleabane
„ verbascalis ... among Teucrium
scorodonia
,, sambucalis ...among elder
P. forficalis ...... in gardens
" margaritalis . . . fens, &c.
„ stramentalis... beaten from brake
fern, and undergrowth, in woods,
fens, &c. ; comes to 1.
S. sticticalis ...... among Artemisia ;
at 1. and fl.
„ palealis ......... among wild carrot,
and Peucedanum, on the S.E.
coast
„ cinctalis ...... in clover fields ;
comes to 1.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
129
IMAGOS] JULY
S. alpinalis ...^..on the tops of moun- C. uliginosellus in fens ; local
tains, in Perthshire, &c.
„ lutealis in hedges
„ olivalis in hedges
„ prunalis ... .in hedges
L. pulveralis ...single specimens have
occurred at Folkestone, Isle of
Wight, and Ranworth
S. ambigualis ...s. at sugar, and at
rest. Many of the genus, which
are mostly moss, and lichen-
feeders, may be found at rest
on walls, palings, &c.
„ basistrigalis ...at rest, on oak
trunks; s. at sugar; has oc-
curred among birch, and alder,
in Tilgate Forest, Sussex
„ Zelleri beaten from old wil-
lows, and hawthorns
,, ulmella on trunks of wytch
elm
,.on tree trunks, &c.
..among heath
, .on ash trunks ; very
,, cembr*e .
„ murana....
„ mercurella
„ cratsegella
,. resinea ....
local
„ phaeoleuca ...
„ truncicolella...on fir tranks
, , atomalis among heath
„ gracilalis
,, alpina
„ pallida in fens, &c.
P. cerusellus in grassy places,
among shingle
„ alpinellus in sandy, grassy
places, especially in fir woods ;
not a mountain species
C. verellus among grass, and
moss
,, falsellus common in England,
more local in Scotland
„ dumetellus ...local
„ ericellus on moss, among
heath ; local
„ sylvellus in fens, &c. ; local
„ hamellus in grassy places,
among heath
, , pascuellus damp meadows, and
moors ; local ; s. at sugar
K
furcatellus ...a mountain species
in Britain, not below 2,000 ft.
margaritellus damp, grassy places,
in open woods, more especially
in the Highlands
myellus Rannoch, Braemar,
&c.
pinetellus ... best obtained at night,
by searching dry banks
latistriellus ...on coast sand-hills ;
local
perlellus local
Warringtonellus on mosses and
moors, and on the coast ; very
local
fens, and wet mea-
selasellus ....
dows
tristellus
places
fascelinellus .
Yarmouth
.in damp, mossy
.on the coast, near
; at rest, on the sand
,f inquinatellus among alder bushes,
and on heaths ; s. at sugar
„ contaminellus dry pastures ; rather
local
„ geniculellus ...among thick grass
lr culmellus common in fields
„ hortuellus in grassy places
„ paludellus ...in the Norfolk fens
C. cicatricellus ...in wet places
„ phragmitellus marshes, and fens
S. forficellus weedy ditches, &c.
„ mucronellus...fens, &c.
it gigantellus ...marshes, &c.
A. lotella on coast sand-hills ;
flies at dusk
„ farrella .. .
I. carnella....
M. cribrella .
on hills
H. sinuella .
„ nimbella .
...on the coast
...local
. . . among thistles, often
..Brighton, &c.
. .among Jasione mon-
tana, and thistles, and ragwort,
on the coast
„ nebulella among Carduus
nutans, &c. ; very local
„ binae vella local
„ senecionis, 2 ? [coasts
N. achatinella ...on the S. and E.
130
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
E. elutella in grocers' ware-
houses &c. ; also in thatch
„ semirufa local
„ pinguis rests on ash trunks ;
comes to 1.
„ cinerosella ...local
C. bistriga local
P. interpunctella in corn, seed, and
grocers' warehouses, &c.
N. genistella among furze ; Isle of
Wight, and New Forest
G. canella Folkestone, Hast-
ings, &c.
P. betulella among birch, &c.
„ carbonariella among burnt heath,
and birch
„ dilutella
„ subornatella...
„ obductella ...
„ ornatella local
„ abietella may be beaten from
young fir trees
„ roborella among oak
P. palumbella ...among heath
R. formosella ...at light
„ consociella ...s. at sugar
„ advenella among hawthorn
„ marmorea among old sloe
- bushes
„ suavella among sloe
„ tumidella among oak
„ rubrotribiella
O. ahenella
M. sociella near beehives
,, anella on the coast
M. alveariella ...among beehives, to
which the larva, which lives on
the wax, is destructive
H. prasinana ...woods
„ quercana woods; at sugar; and
may be beaten from trees
S. Revayana ...woods, &c.
T. podana hedges, &c.
„ piceana woods
„ cratsegana . . . oak woods, in the S.
„ xylosteana ..woods
„ sorbiana woods
„ rosana
„ dumetana marshes, and fens
„ diversana Kent, Surrey, Essex
T. cinnamomeana... Kent, Surrey,
Hants, Essex, Norfolk, &c.
„ heparana hedges
„ ribeana hedges
„ corylana woods
,, unifasciana ...hedges
„ semialbana ...on the chalk
„ costana fens, and marshes
„ viburnana ...boggy heaths, and
moors
, , i cterana dry banks
„ viridana
(l adjunctana ...
„ Branderiana Essex, Cambridge,
Hants, &c.
D . Grotiana among oak, in woods
„ gnomana woods
A. Gerningana... heaths, and moors
CE. Pilleriana ...South coast
L. Boscana among elm
P. mixtana, h. ...moors
„ Caledoniana moors
„ aspersana dry banks, Yorks,
&c.
„ Shepherdana fens
,r lipsiana Witherslack, Ran-
noch, &c.
T. caudana woods, and fens
,, contaminana hawthorn hedges,
&c.
D. lorquiniana ...fens
„ Lceflingiana... among oaks, in
woods, and hedges
„ Holmiana ...hedges
,, Foskaleana ...maple hedges, &c.
„ Con way ana ...
P. Lecheana woods
D. Hartmanniana among willows
„ semifasciana among sallows
P. picana on birch trunks
„ sororculana ... among birch, and
willows
„ praelongana... among birch
„ ochroleucana among rose
„ sellana chalk districts
,, marginana ...damp woods, heaths,
i and fens
„ carbonana ...woods, and fens
A. salicana among sallow, and
poplar
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
S. lariciana in larch woods
, , ocellana among alder
,, neglectana ...among willows
„ incarnatana ...among Rosa spino-
sissima, on the coast
„ suffusana hedges
,, rossecolana ...in gardens, among
roses
„ roborana woods
P. tripunctana ...gardens, and hedges
A. Udmanniana among bramble
S. achatana among hawthorn,
and sloe
S. euphorbiana...S. coast
„ bifasciana among Scotch fir
„ abscisana ...at Folkestone, among
Inula, and thistles
„ littorana banks, on the coast
„ cespitana on the coast, and
other sandy districts
„ conchana ...meadows, & marshes
, , lacunana a smoky-black var. ,
with lustrous lines, is found in
the Norfolk fens, and also a
small var.
„ urticana woods
„ micana marshes
slopes of
irriguana grassy
Scotch mountains
and
„ Doubledayana... Ran worth,
Horning fens
M. Schulziana ...heaths, and mosses
,, Ratzeburgiana among spruce, and
Scotch fir
E. mygindana ...Northern heaths
„ rufana
O. antiquana ...corn fields
„ striana dry banks, and rough
pastures
E. fractifasciana downs
„ quadrana Kent, Surrey, &c.
C. cinctana Folkestone
,t politana heaths, &c.
S. nubilana hawthorn hedges
,r Peterana dry banks
„ subjectana ...
i» virgaureana . . .
„ chrysantheana dry banks
„ Wahlbomiana
„ pasivana on the coast
K 2
S. abrasana
„ hybridana ...among elm, and sloe
,, penziana
„ Colquhounana wild hills, on the
Scotch, and Irish coast
S. ictericana hay fields, and sand-
hills
B. lanceolana ...among rushes
,, furfurana local
P. unguicana ...heaths
, , biarcuana among sallows
„ derasana Southernwoods
„ Mitterpacheriana oak woods
G. ramana among birch
„ misana among sallow; local
„ nigromaculana among ragwort
,, campoliliana among sallow
, , minu tana on poplar
,r trimaculana . . .among elm
,r Penkleriana... among nut, & alder
„ geminana moors, among Vac-
cinium
„ ravulana Kent, and Essex
P. Demarniana... Sou them woods
H. cruciana among sallow
B. angustoriana garden hedges
P. bilunana
, , corticana among oaks
„ occultana among young firs
„ semifuscana... among sallows
E. bimaculana ...woods
„ cirsiana in lanes
„ Brunnichiana...in waste places,
among coltsfoot
„ turbidana Preston
,, fcenana on the coast, and in
fens, among Artemisia vulgaris
„ nigrocostana in lanes, among
Stachys [mond, Yorks
„ signitana Witherslack, Rich-
„ grandsevana...S. Shields, among
coltsfoot, on ballast heaps; flies
at dusk, and rests on the leaves
„ trigeminana fields, and dry
banks among ragwort
„ tetragonana . . .among black briony
, , populana among sallow
„ obscurana ...Darenth
O. ulmana Witherslack, Harro-
gate, Norfolk, Surrey, &c.
132
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
S. spiniana ..
„ ianthinana
„ rufi liana ..
C. ravulana ..
„ hyrciniana
JULY
...hawthorn hedges
...among wild carrot
...Kent, and Essex
,^_____ ...among spruce
ustomaculana N. of England, and
Scotland
„ nanana among spruce
P. mercuriana ...Northern hills, and
mountains
R. Buoliana among Scotch fir
„ pinicolana ...among Scotch fir
„ pinivorana ...among Scotch fir
„ sylvestrana ...Bournemouth, Kent
C. grossana among beech
E. nigricana, b. among peas
S. dorsana railway banks
„ coniferana .. among Scotch fir
„ Leplastrierana among wild cab-
bage, on the S.E. coast
„ corollana among aspen; local
,r internana Eastern counties,
&c., among furze [trefoils
„ composana ...among clover, and
„ redimitana ... among under-growth
„ regiana among sycamore
„ roseticolana... among wild rose
„ orobana Darlington, Scarboro'
D. politana ......dry banks, among
yarrow ; Norfolk, Kent
„ alpinana at river sides, among
tansy
„ Petiverana ...among yarrow
„ saturaana Isle of Wight, and
grassy places in the S., and
Scotland
„ acuminatana railway banks
„ herbosana, b. Scotland, and N. of
England [vulgaris
„ simpliciana ... among Artemisia
„ tanacetana ...Exeter
„ consortana ..meadows
C. ulicetana among furze
„ Juliana among oak
„ microgrammana among rest harrow
. „ hypericana ...among Hypericum
„ parvulana Isle of Wight
„ maritimana ...coast of Essex, and
Kent ; among Artemisia mari-
tima
C. cana among thistles
, , fulvana chalky districts, among
Centaurea scabiosa
„ Hohenwarthiana among thistles
n Scopoliana ... among Centaurea
nigra
„ coecimaculana Mickleham
,r semulana South end
„ expallidana ...dry banks
„ citrana Lancashire, and S.
coast
T. mediana near London, Folkes-
tone, Fulborne
S. vibrana among thistles ; very
local
C. scintilulana ...marshes
E. dubitana Farnham, Bristol,
Scotland
„ atricapitana . . .among ragwort
„ sodaliana among Rhamnus
catharticus
„ ambiguana ... among Rhamnus
frangula
„ Degreyana ...Norfolk
„ angustana ...on heaths, &c.
„ vectisana Fleet wood, and Isle
of Wight, among sea-plantain
„ rupicolana ...marshes
„ flaviciliana ...S. downs
„ subroseana ...woods, in the S.
„ implicitana ...woods, in the S.
,, anthemidana, 2. chalk districts
„ pallidana cliffs
X. Zoegana among scabious,
and knapweed
„ hamana among thistles
C. tesserana, b. on the coast, &c.
„ rutilana among juniper
A. sub-beaumanniana in chalk-pits,
and dry fields
„ zephyrana ...S. coast
„ badiana railway banks, &c.,
among burdock
„ cnicana among thistles
C. dipoltana on chalk, in the S.
„ Smeathmanniana London district,
Darlington
, , stramineana . . . chalky places
, , alternana Folkestone
,, inopiana among Inula
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
133
IMAGOS] JULY
A. osseana marshes N.
P. betulina (anicanella) Hampstead
„ radiella, e. ... „
P. Verhuellella... flies in the sunshine, S.
among hartstongue, and Asplen- ,,
ium „
X. argentimaculella S.
P. Birdella in pasture fields, Y.
among grass „
„ bisontella in heathy places
,, vaculella frequents houses ,,
S. chorargella ...Cumberland „
„ picarella Manchester, and tr
Newcastle
„ granella about granaries, and „
flour mills P.
„ cloacella P.
„ arcella „ „
T. imella scarce, and local; „
found where the fields are
manured with furrrier's refuse ,,
„ ferruginella ... H,
„ rusticella
„ tapetzella common, in houses „
,, albipunctella Witherslack, &c.
„ confusella Howth, Hartlepool Y.
„ caprimulgella... Hackney, Hyde „
Park „
„ misella in outhouses
„ pellionella ...common, in houses, H
its larva feeding on cloth, fur, &c. ,,
„ fuscipunctella ,,
„ pallescentella in warehouses, and O.
poulterer's shops
„ ganomella ...woods, and hedges P.
,f merdella ...Darlington, Liverpool, E.
Manchester
„ biseliella in houses, and mu-
seums, its larva feeding on hair, D.
fur, and feathers „
„ simpliciella ...Mickleham, Dover „
„ nigripunctella Yorks, &c. „
„ semifulvella .. „
„ sub-ammanella has occurred at „
Tor Wood, Stirling „
„ perochraceella Rannoch „
L. luzella Cambs] ,,
N. metaxella ...Witherslack, Yorks,
A. viridella in hedges, and ,,
among oak „
Schiffermillerella
Darenth
minimella . . .
comptell
csesiella
lutarella
cratcegella..
Southend,
.among sloe
.among sloe
.on hedges
.on hedges
vigintipunctella, e. Guildford, &c.
plumbella among Euonymus
europaeus
irrorella near Wandsworth
padella among hawthorn
cognatella ... among Euonymus
europseus
evonymella . . . among Prunus padus
Curtisella among ash
xylostella among Cruciferse
porrectella ...in gardens
annulatella... Howth, Castle Eden,
Scotland, Portland, &c.
Dalella on moors
sequella on trunks of syca-
more and maple
vittella on tninks of elm,
and beech
lucella among young oaks
horridella New Forest
asperella, e. formerly at Glanville's
Wotton
. scabrella
nemorella . .
harpella ....
sparganiella
ganium
quercella among oak
Allisella coasts of Cheshire,
Lancashire, Norfo Ik, &c., among
Artemisia vulgaris
costosella . . . among furze
li turella amo ng C entaurea
assimilella ...among broom
nanatella among thistle
atomella among broom
arenella
propinquella, h.
subpropinquella, h.
Alstnemeriella, h. among Conium
maculatum
ciniflonella, h. Rannoch
vaccinella Ly tham
.among honeysuckle
..among honeysuckle
in fens, among Spar-
134
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
D. hypericella ...among Hypericum
„ conterminella among sallows
„ anglicella among Anglica syl-
vestris
„ carduella
„ ocellella among sallow
„ applanella, h.
,, pimpinella ...
„ bipunctosella, e. New Forest, Isle
of Wight
„ albipunctella, h.
„ pulcherimella among Bunium
flexuosum
„ cnicella
„ Douglasella ...Fleetwood, Redcar,
Folkestone, Isle of Wight
, , Weirella Preston, Le wisham,
Lewes
„ ultimella marshes, &c.
P. gibbosella ...
G. cinerella
„ rufescentella... marshes, &c.
„ gerronella ...marshes, &c.
„ vilella Gravesend, Worthing,
Folkestone
„ malvella in gardens
„ populella
„ nigra
„ temerella Lytham
,, lentiginosella
„ ericetella moors, and heaths
,, mulinella among furze
„ palustrella ...in fens
„ sororculella ...among sallow
„ peliella Manchester, West
Wickham
„ alacella *. Leatherhead
„ terella
„ desertella sand-hills, on the
coast
lr expolitella ...Darlington, Skid-
daw, Pentlands, &c.
„ acuminatella
„ artemisiella... coast sand-hills,
Manchester, &c.
„ albipalpella...
„. arundinetella Hackney, Cambs
„ senectella ...in lanes, &c.
, , mundella coast sands
.. similella .,
G. affinella
,, boreella
„ galbanella
Scotland
Rannoch
basal tinella ...Cambs, Addington
domesticella
rhombella among crab, in
hedges, &c.
Lyellella Castle Eden, Wither-
slack, New Forest, &c.
vulgella hedges, &c.
fugitivella ...on trunks of elm,
and beech
distinctella ...on the coast, and in
sandy places
maculella
fraternella ...
muscosella ...
maculiferella among Cerastium
semidecandrum
leucomelanella Howth, Isle 01
Man, Lizard
Hubnerella . . .
marmorella ...coast sand-hills
instabilella ...on the coast
ocellatella . . . Preston, Folkestone,
Lizard ; comes to sugar
atriplicella South Shields,
Scarboro'
sequacella ...
leucatella
albicapitella. . .
nanella
Mouffetella ...
dodecella among fir trees
tenebrella.
ligulella among Lotus maj or,
on railway banks, &c.
vorticella railway banks, &c.
tseniolella
Sircomella ...railway banks, &c.
coronilella . . . Mickleham
anthyllidella railway banks, and
coast sand-hills
atrella among Hypericum
bifi-actella . . . Folkestone, Mickle-
lucidella in marshes [ham
lutulentella ...near Bristol, Dart-
ford Heath, &c.
gemmella Birkenhead, Bristol,
Manchester
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
G. ericinella heaths
,, inopella
„ subocellella...
,, osseella flies at dusk, among
grass
,, Knaggsiella . . .
„ umbrosella ...
lf sangiella
,, pinguinella ...
P. lappella
„ Metzneriella
,r carlinella
„ neuropterella Deal, Mickleham
C. cytisella
A. spartiella among furze
„ genistella Morecombe, Alkam, A. ephippella
Pembury
M. marginella ...Witherslack, New-
castle, Sanderstead
„ juniperella .. Perthshire
N. verbascella .. near Norwich,
among Verbascum pulverulen-
tum
„ Durdhamella
S. parenthesella
P. bicostella on moors, &c.
H. Christierninella, b. Castle Eden,
Darenth, Greenhithe, Seven-
oaks
D. sulphurella ...
„ oliviella Darenth, Tenterden,
Lewes, &c.
(E. flavimaculella among Angelica
sylvestris „ Goedartella
,, tr.isignella ... birch
„ stipella Preston, Staleybridge, „ Brochella....
Lake District, Yorks, Rannoch birch
„ formosella ...Wanstead „ aurulentella
„ lunarella
„ lambdella Charlton, Bristol
„ subochreella Cambs, Lewes, &c.
,, fuscescentella
,, pseudo-spretella common in houses
(E. Kindermanniella, in houses
E. fenestrella ...is found all the year
round, in houses, but is most
numerous about this season
among furze
B. fuscocuprella ...on railway banks,
&c.
„ cicadella has occurred at
Brandon
„ torquatella ...Scotland
P. Leuwenhoekella
,, Latreillella ...
A. granitella
G. Thrasonella... among mshes
„ cladiella among rushes, in
fens, &c.
„ Haworthella
„ equitella, b. among Sedum acre
D. ocnerostomella among Echium
vulgare ; very local
..local
..among hawthorn
..among sloe
..among wild moun-
among
nitidella
albistriella
conjugella
tain ash
semifuscella ... in hedges,
sloe, and hawthorn
mendicella . . . among sloe
glaucinella . . . among oak
retinella among birch
abdominella, b. on juniper, on
the coast, &c.
dilectella
Andereggiella Witherslack
curvella among wild apple
sorbiella among wild moun-
tain ash
pygmseella among sallow
.among alder, and
.among alder, and
B. grandipennelk
„ fusco-seneella
„ senescentella
Sanderstead, Mickle-
ham, Tenterden
C. farinatella ...among Scotch fir
„ Gysselinella... Rannoch
O. pinariella, 2. among Scotch fir
Z. saxifragae Braemar
G. stigmatella ...among willow, &c.
„ syringella in gardens, among
lilac
„ omissella, e.
„ auroguttella...
„ Kollariella ...
C. Brogniartella
136
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
JULY
torquilella . . . among sloe
L/oganella
Fabric! ella ...on railway banks
deauratella ...
alcyonipennella among Centaurea
nigra, in sheltered places
Frischella ... Portland, Isle of
Wight, and Dorset coast
Wockeella ...
ochreella
salicornella . . . Fleetwood
lixella on the coast, among
grass
vibicella
conspicuella
pyrrhulipennella
albicostella ...among furze
vulnerariella
anatipennella
palliatella ...
ibipennella ...
currucipennella among sallow
niveicostella...
discordella ..among Lotus major
genistsecolella among Genista
anglica
...among broom
...among Echium vul-
saturatella
onosmella
gare
inflatella .
therinella.
. . .among Silene inflata
...among thistles
troglodytella among Eupatorium
cannabinum
lineolella on Ballota nigra
murinipennella among Luzula
sylvatica
csespititiella . . . among rushes
annulatella (Tengstromella) among
Chenopodium
salinella
apicella (cacuminatella) fens, and
marshes
argentulella among Achillea
millefolium
virgaureella . . .
hemerobiella
juncicolella ...among heath
laricella among larch
albitarsella ... among Glechoma
hederacea
.among sallow
. ... among Stellaria
C. nigricella among hawthorn
„ fuscedinella . . .
„ orbitella
„ vitisella ...
„ viminetella
„ solitariella
holostea
, , lutipennella . . . among oak
„ artemisicolella among Artemisia
,, badiipennella among hawthorn
„ limosipennella
„ chalcogrammella among Ceras-
tium arvense
„ melilotella .. railway banks, &c.
„ artemisiella ...
S. pedella near Brandon, Suffolk
C. Druriella
„ orichalcella, b.
„ Lienigiella ...in fens, among reed
B. praeangustella on poplars, and
sallows
„ pinicolella ...among Scotch fir
O. v.-flavella ...in wine vaults, and
cellars
C. insecurella, e. at Stoat's Nest, near
Croydon
„ Illigerella
„ chserophyllella
L. paludicolella
„ lacteella
„ miscella
,, conturbatella
„ Stephensiella
„ ochraceella ...among Epilobium
„ phragmitella among Typha lati-
folia
„ atra (Hellerella) among hawthorn
„ rhamniella ...among buckthorn
C. Linneella
„ bimaculella ...Black Park, and
Leith Hill
H. Roesella formerly near London
A. profugella ...Witherslack, Dar-
lington, and Kemsing, Kent
„ seratella
E. Gleichenella
,, magnificella...
,, apicipunctella
„ luticomella ...
„ flavicomella...
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS] JULY
E. Kilmunella ...moors, marshes, and
bogs, among coarse grass
„ stabilella
,, Gregsonella...
,, nigrella
,, perplexella ...
„ Paludum
,, humiliella ...
„ subobscurella
„ zonariella
„ cingilella
„ adscietella ...
„ cerussella among reeds, in
marshes, &c.
„ rhyncosporella
,, eleochariella
,, biatomella ...
„ serricornella
„ triatomella ...in chalk pits
„ dispunctella...
„ collitella
,, pollinariella
L. corylella among nut
„ spinicolella ...among sloe
,, spinolella
,t quercifoliella among oak
,. scopariella ...among broom
„ ulicolella among furze
,, alnifoliella ...among alder
,, trifasciella ...among honeysuckle
P . sufFusella among sallow
,, salignella
C. scitella
„ Wailesella ...among Genista
O. salaciella among sorrel
,r crepusculella
„ spatulella [Hum
B. maritimella ...among Aster tripo-
„ frangulella ...among buckthorn
N. quinquella ...
„ poteriella
„ angulifasciella
N. centifoliella...
T. immundella...
B. quadrimaculella
A. Bennetii Sheppey, and the
Essex coast
P. rhododactylus among rose
„ Bertrami, b.
„ ochroclactylus among tansy
„ isodactylus ...in marshes, among
Senecio aquaticus
„ Zetterstedtii ... Darlington, Scar-
boro', Lynmouth
„ acanthodactylus on heaths
„ laetus on the " Breck" sand
of Norfolk and Suffolk
„ punctidactylus
,r parvidactylus
„ hieracii
„ pilosellse Cambs, Mickleham
,r phseodactylus Cambs, Mickleham
„ serotinus
„ plagiodactylus among Scabiosa
columbaria
„ zophodactylus
„ lithodactylus among Inula dysen-
terica
,, Liengianus ... among Artemisia
vulgaris ; Ventnor, Deal
„ tephradactylus
osteodactylus Witherslack, Scar-
boro'
„ microdactylus among Eupatorium
cannabinum
„ Paludum
„ brachydactylus Carlisle, Norfolk
„ galactodactylus among burdock
„ spilodactylus Isle of Wight
„ baliodactylus
„ tetradactylus among thyme
„ pentadactylus among Convolvulus
sepium, and C. arvensis
,, dichrodactylus
AUGUST
OVA]
Those who wish for eggs of Butterflies, for purposes of preservation, &c.,
will find many species obtainable this month, while if the opportunity, now
presented, be lost, very few will be found in succeeding months of the year.
Where the food-plant of the species sought for is abundant, and the Imago
is known to frequent the locality, much time may be sometimes saved by
collecting conspicuous sprays of the plant into a bag, and looking for the eggs
afterwards, at home, with the aid of a magnifying glass.
L. sinapis, s. ...onVicia, cracca, and T.
Orobus tuberosus ; long, stand- ,,
ing on end, curved, yellow-white
P. Brassicse on cabbage, &c. ; in L.
groups ; conical, ridged, yellow
„ rapae onCruciferae, migno-
nette, and other garden plants „
„ napi on Cruciferae
„ Daplidice on wild mignonette, „
and weld
C. Edusa, s on white clover, „
lucerne, &c.
A. Aglaia on dog, and sweet
violet, and wild heartsease
„ Niobe on dog, and sweet
violet H
„ adippe on dog, and sweet
violet L.
, , Latona on violet, and hearts -
ease
E.Medea on moorland poa, „
and other grasses ; large, nearly
globular, at first greenish-yellow,
afterwards pinkish-grey, speck-
led with claret-brown „
S. Semele, b. ...on Triticum repens
T. quercus on oak twigs B.
„ w-album on wytch elm, also
elm j on the twigs ; whitish
pruni on sloe twigs
betulae to Mar., on twigs ol
sloe
jEgon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white. Do not hatch
until about March
agestis on Erodium circu-
tarium
Alexis on Lotus cornicu-
latus
Corydon on Hippocrepis co-
mosa ; on chalk, and sandstone
downs, and hills
argiolus on ivy ; on the fl. -
stalks ; white
.comma to Mar., on trefoil,
and other Leguminosae
salicis on poplar, willow,
&c. ; covered with white
down
dispar on the trunks of
sloe, hawthorn, and various
fruit trees ; in a conical heap,
covered with down
monacha to Mar. , on oak,
beech, fir, birch, apple, &c.
neustria on hawthorn, sloe,
fruit trees ; in batches, round
twigs, and branches
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA]
AUGUST
B. castrensis on Artemisia mari-
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c.
E. vespertaria ...on nut
„ apiciaria to April, on poplar,
willow, sallow
C. elinguaria ...to Feb., on oak,
honeysuckle, hawthorn, sloe ;
also heath, bilberry, &c. ;
brick-shaped, large, purplish-
slate colour
F. pinetaria on bilberry
S. sacraria on dock, and cha-
momile ; at first pale greenish-
yellow, afterwards bright red
A. citraria on wild carrot, tre-
foil; &c. ; generally near the
coast
L. olivata, e. ...on Galium Mollugo;
rather small, oval, plump ; at
first pale straw, then red, and
at last a pale livid hue
E. unifasciata ...on Odontites rubra
E. subciliata to April, on maple ;
at footstalk of leaf
M. rubiginata ... on alder ; large
„ montanata ...on primrose
P. vitalbata on Clematis vitalba
S. vetulata on buckthorn
C. russata on strawberry, birch,
hawthorn, sallow, &c. ; singly,
large, flattish, dingy yellow
„ immanata probably on alder,
and other trees, and straw-
berry, bilberry, &c.; large, flat,
yellow
„ prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe, &c. ; on the bark,
large
„ testata to April, on heath,
birch, sallow, poplar, &c. ;
singly, large
„ populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
,, fulvata on dog rose; rose-
pink, large
„ pyraliata to Mar., on Galium,
and hawthorn ; large
„ dotata to April, on black,
and red currant ; large
...on dock, teazle, &c.
...on chickweed, &c.
...on grasses, pulse,
let-
E. lineolata on Galium verum,
on the coast ; in clusters, oval;
standing on the smaller end ;
yellow, changing to pale brown
T. cheerophyllata on Anthriscus syl-
vestris, and Bunium flexuosum
X. lithoxylea ...among grass ; small,
globular, pale yellow
P. captiuncula ...on ? At Dar-
lington. Globular, pale straw
colour
C. Morpheus
„ alsines
„ cubicularis
and grain
A. Puta on dandelion,
tuce, carrot, &c.
N. depuncta ...on sorrel, and other
low plants ; globular, slightly
flattened above, and ribbed,
pale straw colour, in the centre
a brown spot, and encircled at
some distance with brown
„ xanthographa on plantain, &c.
C. xerampelina, e. on ash ; probably
in the chinks of the twigs, and
the buds, &c. ; round, smooth,
dirty-white
T. subtusa to Mar. , on poplar ;
upon the twigs
C. trapezina on oak, and many
other trees
P. chi to Mar., on dock,
hawthorn, sallow, and probably
lettuce, sow thistle, tea tree, &c. ;
purplish -brown
„ xanthomista, e. on Plantago mari-
tima, in exposed places, on the
coast (notably the Isle of Man) .;
and also, probably, on campion,
violet, harebell, &c.
E. viminalis on sallow
M. typica on dock, low plants,
&c. ; in clusters upon the leaves
C. sponsa on oak; upon the
twigs
H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, pale yellow
C. pinetellus . . . amongst moss, on dry
banks ; oblong, oval, whitish
140
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVAE] AUGUST
We now begin to find many of our larvae commencing a life of feeding,
which, on and off, will not terminate until May, or June, of the following
year. These deliberate eaters appear in the lists with the contraction "h.,"
signifying that they hibernate. Most of these are now quite small, and few
will repay the trouble and risk of keeping all the winter ; for even with the
food-plant in a growing state, large numbers of hibernating larvae always die
in confinement ; they are, therefore, generally better left until the spring,
unless special reasons exist for trying to rear them. Sometimes part of a
brood, in confinement, will complete its change to the pupa, or even the per-
fect state, in the autumn, while the other part will not do so until the spring.
P. Machaon Peucedanum palus- C.
tre, and other Umbelliferas ; in ,,
fens P.
P. crataegi, h. ...hawthorn, sloe, and
orchard trees L.
A. Paphia, h. ...dog, and sweet „
violet ; in a slight web, on, or
near the ground M
„ Aglaia, h dog, and sweet
violet, and wild heartsease N.
„ Niobe, h dog, and sweet
violet, and wild heartsease H.
,, adippe, h. ...dog, and sweet violet S.
„ Latona dog, and sweet
violet, and wild heartsease
M. Artemis, h. ...scabious, plantain, ,,
woodbine ; will also eat fox-
glove, wood sage, &c.
„ Athalia, h. ...narrow-leaved plan- „
tain, foxglove, wild germander D.
V. c. -album nettle, elm, hop,
sloe, currant
„ urticae nettle n
L. sibylla, h. ...honeysuckle
A. Iris, h sallow, poplar
A. Galatea, h. ..timothy, and other
grasses
E. Epiphron, h. Poa annua, Festuca
ovina, and small rushes ; in
mountain bogs
S. Semele, h. ...quaking grass, couch
grass, &c. ; on dry hill-sides,
and on sand-hills along the sea-
shore ; feeds by night ; hides at C.
the r., and under clods by day „
„ lanira, h. ... meadow grasses [&c.
„ Tithonus, h. annual meadow grass, „
„ hyperanthus, h. annual meadow,
millet, and other grasses
Davus, h Rhynchospora alba
Pamphilus ...grasses
Phloeas dock, ragwort,
sorrel
Boetica Colluteaarborescens
Alexis, 2 rest harrow, clover,
trefoil, &c.
Adonis, b., 2. Hippocrepis co-
mosa, &c.
Lucina primrose, and cowslip ;
eats small holes in the leaves
linea, h grasses
ocellatus .willow, sallow, pop-
lar, apple ; will also eat sloe,
peach, almond, &c.
populi poplar, sallow, wil-
low ; will also eat birch, laurel,
laurustinus
tiliae elm, lime, beech
euphorbiae ...Euphorbia paralis,
and E. cyparissias. Feeds
exposed
galii Galium verum, and
G. elatum. In their native
haunts, on the sea shore, they
feed from the beginning of this
month, till the end of Oct. They
seem to prefer the scrubby
plants ; are nearly always found
in pairs ; and may be traced
from the frass, on the sand-
hills. They vary very much in
appearance
celerio Galium, vine
porcellus Galium ; also willow
herb, and vine
elpenor Galium palustre, G.
uliginosum, and other Galiums ;
also willow herb, fuschia, vine
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
141
LARVAE]
AUGUST
M. stellatarum Galium Mollugo, C.
growing on old walls, exposed
to the sun „
„ fuciformis Lychnis, scabious,
honeysuckle, Galium, &c. ,,
„ bombyliformis Scabiosa A.
S. muscaeformis in stems of Statice
armeria „
Z. aesculi, h in the wood of ash, ,,
elm, pear, horse chesnut ; s. „
hawthorn, lime, box. The
larvce are generally in the high- „
est branches of the tallest trees
H. hectus, h. ...inr. of brake fern L.
„ lupulinus, h. in r. of dead nettles,
&c. O.
„ velleda, h. ...in r. of brake fern
„ humuli, h. ...inr. of various plants, „
including Humulus (hop) „
L. asellus oak, beech, poplar,
&c.
Z. nubigena, h. thyme
,, meliloti, h. ...Lotus corniculatus,
vetches, &c.; partial to chalky
soils
„ trifolii, h trefoil, vetch
„ lonicera, h. ...clover, grasses D.
„ filipenduloe, h. Lotus corniculatus,
&c. L.
L. sericea, h. ...lichens S.
C. miniata, h. lichen, on oak (Lichen
caninus) ; also withered sallow,
oak, alder
L. mesomella, h. lichens ; will also
eat sallow, and heath E.
„ lurideola, h. ... lichens
„ complana, h. lichens, on sloe, and E.
fir S.
„ griseola, h. ...lichens, on poplar;
Lichen caninus the supposed O.
proper food ; will also eat
withered sallow, &c. E.
,, stramineola (var. )h. lichens, on sloe,
oak, sallow „
L. rubricollis ...lichens, on larch,
&c. ; may be beaten from the „
tree
E. cribrum, h. ...heath, bilberry A.
C. dominula, h. Cynoglossum offici-
nale, &c. ; on hilly places
plantaginis, h. violets, plantain,
&c.
caia, h various plants, and
bushes
villica, h chickweed, &c.
fuliginosa, 2. dock, nettle, plan-
tain, grasses, &c.
mendica sloe, plantain, &c.
lubricepeda ...nettle, plantain, &c.
menthrasti ...nettle, and various
plants, and bushes
urticse willow herb, and
low plants ; in damp places
salicis, h poplar, willow, oak,
&c.
pudibunda ...hop, beech, haw-
thorn, nut, oak, &c.
ccenosa reed, and carex
gonostigma, h. oak, nut, haw-
thorn, sloe, bramble, willow,
sallow, beech, &c. In con-
finement this species may, by
careful feeding on willow, or
sallow, be often caused to pu-
pate in the autumn, and even
emerge
coryli beech, nut, birch,
alder, oak, willow, ash, &c.
ilicifolia whortleberry, sallow
carpini sloe, bramble, heath,
apple, sallow, hawthorn, mea-
dow sweet, &c. ; generally gre-
garious ; may be s. found in
hedges
advenaria ...dogwood ; will also
eat wild rose [aspen
dolobraria ...oak, beech, birch,
lunaria sloe, oak, nut, elm,
ash, hawthorn
bidentata oak, sallow, nut, ivy,
ash, sloe, &c.
alniaria alder, birch, sallow,
beech, &c.
tiliaria oak, sallow, birch,
alder, &c.
angularia oak, birch, beech,
&c.
betularia oak, elm, hawthorn,
birch, beech, alder, mountain
ash, rose, ivy
142
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
AUGUST
H. abruptaria s. lilac, rose, privet
B. consortaria ...oak
T. consonaria ...beech, oak, birch
„ crepuscularia larch, willow, poplar,
elm, birch, alder, &c.
„ extersaria, e... birch, beech, oak
„ punctulata ...birch, alder
N. viridata hawthorn, bramble
P. baiularia, h. . . . oak. A second
brood will s. appear in confine-
E. punctaria oak [ment
„ trilinearia beech ; generally
dwarf, and pollard trees
„ omicronaria... maple ; s. beech
„ orbicularia ...sallow, alder
„ pendularia ...birch
H. auroraria, h. plantain ,
A. luteata maple
„ sylvata alder
,, Blomeraria ...wytch elm, in, or
near hilly woods ; remains on
the under-side of the leaf
V. cambricaria... mountain ash
A. rubricata, h. ? will eat knot-
grass, Lotus corniculatus, Medi-
cago lupulina, Thalictrum
minus, and the smaller tri-
foliums
„ scutulata, h. Anthriscus sylvestris,
fl. , and dandelion, withered ;
will also eat knotgrass
„ bisetata, h. ...dandelion; will also
eat knotgrass, and withered
bramble
,, trigeminata, h. some low plant ?
will eat knotgrass
„ contiguaria, h. Empetrium ni-
grum ; will also eat hawthorn
buds, and knotgrass
„ rusticata, h. hawthorn ; will also
eat ivy, lilac, and withered
bramble, and knotgrass ; very
local
„ interjectaria, h. dandelion, scarlet
pimpernel (withered)
„ osseata, h. ...dandelion, &c.
„ holosericata, h. sun cistus, with-
ered ; will also eat knotgrass
„ circellata ? will eat knot-
grass
A. ornata, s., h. thyme, marjoram ;
will eat mint
„ promutata, h. Achillea millefo-
lium, Artemisia vulgaris, Poten-
tilla, reptans
„ straminata, h, ? will eat knot-
grass
„ immutata, h. some marsh plant ;
will also eat knotgrass
„ remutata, h. low plants ? will
eat knotgrass [knotgrass
„ fumata, h. ...heath ; will also eat
„ strigilata, h. Clematis vitalba,
Stachys sylvatica, &c.
„ emutaria, h. ...Triticum repens ;
will also eat Medicago lupulina,
Lotus corniculatus, Chenopo-
dium, mint, and knotgrass
,, inornata low plants ; also, it
is said, poplar, and willow
„ degeneraria, h. ? will eat
knotgrass, bramble, Cerastium,
Veronica
„ emarginata ...convolvulus, Galium
C. pusaria oak, nut, alder,
birch, sallow, &c.
C. temerata sloe, & wild cherry,
and buckthorn ?
„ taminata wild cherry, sallow?
buckthorn ?
N. pulveraria ...sallow, nut, privet
S. belgeria, h. ...heath
F. atomaria Centaurea, trefoils,
&c.
„ piniaria Scotch fir, and
larch ; on the high branches
,, conspicuata ...broom
euphorbiata . . . Euphorbia cypar-
purpuraria?...dock, Polygonum
strigillaria, h. heath, broom
adustata spindle; rests along
the stems
pectinitaria alder, Galium
Mollugo, and G. sexatile
amnitata Silene, and Lychnis,
seeds
alchemillata . . . Galeopsis, S ilene,
Lychnis
albulata yellow rattle, seeds
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LAKVJE]
AUGUST
tseniata? has been obtained
by beating holly
linariata in fl., and seed-
vessels of yellow toadflax
centaureata ...fl., and seeds of
ragwort, golden rod, Angelica,
yarrow, Eupatorium cannabi-
num, Pimpinellse, &c.
succenturiata, e. Achillea mille-
folium, Artemisia, and Valerian
ofncinalis, seeds
subumbrata . . . Gentiana, Campan-
ula, and other fl. ; in, and near
beech woods
plumbeolata Melanpyrum pra-
tense, fl.
isogrammata Clematis vitalba,
fl. -buds
castigata golden rod, heath,
nettle, Angelica sylvestris, &c.
virgaureata golden rod, fl.
fraxinata ash; will eat laurus-
tinus, fl.
innotata (?) e. Artemisia campes-
tris, at Wallasy
nanata heath, fl.
subnotata A triplex, and Cheno-
podium, fl., and seeds
campanulata seed capsules ot
Campanula trachelium, and
other Campanula
minutata heath, fl., and
scabious ; s. a cannibal
togata, e spruce, in the buds,
and shoots ; and, it is said, on
the seeds of the Scotch fir
coronata fl. of Clematis
vitalba, wormwood, bramble,
Eupatorium cannabinum, golden
rod, wild angelica, &c.
sparsata Lysimachia vulgaris,
fl., and leaves
hexapterata . . . sallow, poplar
viretata .
spicata
lobulata
willow
juniperata
impluviata
..privet, and Actaea
..honeysuckle, sallow,
curled-up leaves
.jumper
... alder, sallow ;
M. ocellata Galium
„ albicillata bramble, raspberry
M. hastata birch, Myrica gale;
within spun-up leaves
„ tristata Galium Mollugo
„ procellata ... Clematis vitalba
„ tersata, e. ...Clematis vitalba
„ unangulata ...chickweed
sinuata Galium verum
rubidata Galium
unidentaria, b. Galium; will also
eat Asperula odorata
„ quadrifasciaria hawthorn, white
dead nettle, knapweed, and low
plants
C. fluviata Polygonum persi-
caria ; will also eat groundsel,
&c.
P. lignata, b. ... Galium palustre,&c.
C. psitticata oak, lime, apple,
rose ; probably also birch, haw-
thorn, sallow
„ miata oak, alder, birch,
poplar, willow
„ picata chickweed ; rests
along the stems
„ corylata sloe, lime, nut
„ sagittata Thalictrum flavum,
seeds, and withered leaves ; in
confinement will eat other
species of Thalictrum
P. comitata Chenopodium
E. palumbaria, h. broom
C. obliquaria ...broom
P. lacertula birch ; between
united leaves
D. bicuspis alder, beech, birch
„ furcula sallow, willow,
poplar ; often rests on decayed
leaves
„ bifida poplars
„ vinula, b willows, sallow,
poplars
S. fagi beech, oak,birch,nut
P. bucephala ...elm, oak, lime,
beech, sallow, nut, &c.
C. curtula poplars, sallow;
webbed in the leaves
G. crenata poplar
N. cucullina ...maple, sycamore
144
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LAEVJE]
AUGUST
N. dromedarius, e. birch, alder, nut L.
„ tritophus birch, poplars
„ trepida oak ; tightly grips
its food
„ Chaonia oak „
„ Dodonea oak, birch
T. derasa bramble, hawthorn „
„ batis bramble, raspberry
G. duplaris birch ; between N.
united leaves
„ or poplars ; between G.
leaves
„ ocularis poplars
D. Orion oak, birch A.
A. tridens hawthorn, sloe, rose, X.
willow, sallow, mountain ash, D.
&c. X.
„ psi hawthorn, poplar,
pear, elm, lime, &c. L.
„ leporina birch, poplar, alder, N.
sallow
, , aceris sycamore, horse M.
chesnut, maple, birch ; s. oak ;
often on the loftiest branches ;
clings closely to the leaf „
„ megacephala poplar
„ strigosa hawthorn; especially „
in chalky districts
„ alni hawthorn, alder,
willow, oak, lime, rose, elm, A.
nut, beech, the chesnuts, birch,
sycamore, poplar, sallow, bram-
ble. Should be looked for, as
it is probably difficult to dis- „
lodge, by beating. Has been H.
found at rest on a leaf, palings,
&c. A.
, , ligustri ash, privet ; seems
to prefer shaded trees „
„ rumicis bramble, plantain, „
knotgrass, and other low plants
,, menyanthidis Menyanthes trifo- lf
liata, heath, bramble, sallow, ,,
sweet gale
(l myricse Myrica gale, sallow,
birch, heath ? thistle ? „
S. venosa Glyceria aquatica „
L. obsoleta common reed; con-
cealed, by day, in hollow T.
stems
littoralis, h. . . . Ammophila arun-
dinacea, on the coast ; burrows
seven, or eight inches in the
sand. Will also eat Carex
comma Dactylis glomerata,
and other grass ; also sorrel
phragmitidis, h. common reed ;
in the young stems
typhag in the stems of
Typha latifolia
flavago inside stems of
Lappa, thistles, elder, foxglove,
&c., feeding on the pith
putris low plants [&c.
hepatica, h. grasses, chickweed,
pinastri dock, sorrel, &c.
conspicillaris Lotus corniculatus,
and other low plants
exigua plantain
saponaria . . . S ilen e, Lychnis, and
other low plants
albicolon Atriplex, and Cheno-
podium ; on coast sands, &c. ;
also lettuce, in gardens
brassicse cabbage, dock, Chen-
opodium, chrysanthemum, &c.
persicarias ... Polygonum persi-
caria, and other low plants ;
also elder
basilinea, h. growing wheat ; on
the immature grains ; after hi-
bernation, in spring, on various
plants
gemina, h. ...grasses
palustris plantain, and other
low plants
saucia plantain, dock, and
other low plants
segetum, h. ...in r. of turnips, &c.
lunigera ? will eat knot-
grass, &c.
corticea, h. . . . Chenopodium, &c. — •
ripas Cynoglossum offici-
nale ; on the coast ; burrows
7 in. or 8 in. in the sand
porphyrea, h. heath
pyrophila grasses, heath, and
other low plants
ianthina, h primula, and other
low plants ; also broom, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
145
LARV.E]
AUGUST
H
and
also
T. Orbona, h. ...low plants, and
broom ; when young, on sallow
buds
„ pronuba, h. ...dock, &c.
N. augur, h. ... low plants, haw-
thorn, sallow, &c. „
„ festiva, h. ...violet, sallow, fox-
glove, &c. „
,r conflua, h. ...various low plants, „
including Silene acaulis
T. gothica sallow, hawthorn, ,,
oak, &c. ; also dock, nettle,
laurel, broom, lilac, &c. X.
D. irregularis ...Echium vulgare, C.
Silene otites C.
„ carpophaga ... Lychnis, and Silene
inflata, the young seeds „
„ capsincola ...Lychnis, and Silene,
seeds [inflata, seeds „
„ cucubali Lychnis, and Silene „
„ conspersa Lychnis flos cuculi, „
and Silene inflata, seeds
„ csesia, b Silene maritima,
S. inflata „
H. dysodea fl., and seed-heads
of Sonchus, and Lactuca (let-
tuce, garden, and wild)
„ serena Sonchus, and wild H.
lettuce
E. luciparia brake fern,
Polypodium felix-mas ;
sallow, nettle, primrose, plan-
tain, dandelion, &c.
A. herbida, h. ...dock, and other low
plants
„ ad vena, h. ...lettuce, knotgrass,
and various plants
H. adusta, h hawthorn, and
sallow, when young ; after-
wards, low plants
,, glauca sallow, birch, bil-
berry, heath ; will eat lettuce,
in confinement
„ peregrina Chenopodium, and
^ Salsola kali
-„ chenopodii ...Chenopodium
„ atriplicis Chenopodium, dock,
Polygonum persicaria, &c.
„ suasa plantain, lettuce,
knotgrass, &c.
L
oleracea elm, nettle, dock,
cabbage, &c.
pisi brake fern, broom,
scabious, grass, sedge, sallow,
birch, mountain ash, &c.
thalassini honeysuckle, sallow,
broom, knotgrass, &c.
contigua birch, oak, nut, &c.
genistse broom, chick weed,
Silene, Polygonum, &c.
rectilinea, h. sallow, bramble, bil-
berry
lithoriza honeysuckle
perspicillaris Hypericum
lychnitis seeds of Verbascum
lychnitis, and V. nigrum
asteris golden rod, Tripo-
lium vulgare, and China aster
gnaphalii golden rod
absynthii Artemisia absinthium
chamomillae, s. chamomile, fl. ;
also Pyrethrum inodorum, and
P. maritimum
umbratica ... Sonchus, lettuce,
&c. ; hides by day under leaves,
near the ground ; feeds on the
upper leaves, and fl. at nighfr
marginata ...rest harrow, prefer-
ring the fl. ; also Arenaria, and
Hyoscamus ; knotgrass, in con-
finement
peltigera rest harrow, hen-
bane, and several coast plants,
preferring the fl.
dipsacea Linaria, fl. ; also
Silene otites, seeds ; the pupa
has been found among melilot
cordigera ...Vaccinium
myrtilli, s., h. heath
sulphuralis ...small convolvulus
venustula Tormentilla reptans,
fl.
fuscula lavender grass (Molinia
cserulea). May be found feeding
at night, about half way up the
blades of grass
argentula grasses
mica Carex
parthenias ...birch
urticae, e. ...nettle
146
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^l]
AUGUST
A. triplasia nettle, hop
P. chrysitis, h. ...Lappa, thistle, net-
tle, dead nettle, &c.
„ festucae, b. ...Carex, reeds, and
grasses ; near the sea
„ gamma nettle, hop, and most
low plants
C. alchymista ...oak
P. senea Polygala vulgaris
H. crassalis heath
H. costsestrigalis thyme
H. derivalis, h. sallow, bramble
tarsipennalis, h. wild raspberry?
will eat knotgrass, and sallow
„ grisealis Sisymbrium Sophia,
oak, &c.
„ cribralis, h. ... sallow ; afterwards,
on Carex, and Luzula
E. cingulalis.. Sal via pratensis,
under the leaves
B. lancealis Eupatorium canna-
binum, Senecio, Slum latifo-
lium, &c.
„ fuscalis yellow rattle, seeds
„ terrealis, h. ...golden rod, fl., &c.
,, asinalis, b. ...madder, fl., and
. young seeds
E. catalaunalis . . . Linaria spuria
P. margaritalis...wild mustard, seeds ;
live under a web, and change
in spring
S. palealis wild carrot, and
Peucedanum ; in a web, within
a fl.-head of the umbels
L. pulveralis . . . Mentha aquatica
S. coarctalis, b. moss
N. angustella ...fruit of spindle
G. canella, e. ...Salsola kali; mines
_ the stems, when young ; after-
wards feeds on the unripe seeds
R. formosella ...elm, birch
M. sociella wax, in nest of hum-
ble bee
H. prasinana ...oak, &c.
„ clorana willow, buds
A. prodromana Potentilla ansernina,
and most low plants
P. hastiana dwarf sallows
„ tristana guelder rose [ash ?
A. Con way ana... fruit of privet, nut?
P. Lecheana sallow, willow, oak,
honeysuckle, &c.
P. praelongana ...birch
„ sauciana (?) ...Vaccinium
S. euphorbiana... Euphorbia paralias,
heads
M. rubiginosana? Scotch fir
„ consequana ...Euphorbia paralias
E. fractifasciana Scabious, heads
P. biarcuana sallow
„ myrtillana ...Vaccinium
„ lundana, h. ...trefoils, and vetches
„ derasana Rhamnus frangula
„ diminutana ...sallows
„ Mitterpacheriana elm, oak
G. nigromaculana ragwort
„ campoliliana in sallow leaves
„ obtusana nut
P. crenana sallows, willows
E. trigeminana . . . ragwort
S. rufillana umbels of wild carrot
C. nemorivagana ? Scotch fir
,, vacciniana ...Vaccinium, and Ber-
beris
R. duplana? Scotch fir
C. pomonana ...in apples, and pears
O. funebrana ...in plums
E. pisana in pea pods, and
vetches
S. Weirana beech
,, leguminana ? alder
,, orobana in pods of Vicia
cracca, V. sylvatica, Orobus
tuberosus, and Genista tinctoria
C. ulicetana seeds of furze
„ cana thistle heads
„ Hohenwarthiana knapweed, and
thistle
„ aspidiscana ...golden rod
X. Fabriciana ...nettle
,, pariana apple, hawthorn
E. hybridellana thistle, and ragwort,
seeds
,, vectisana Plantago maritima
„ ciliana seeds of cowslip
A. cnicana thistle stems
„ Mussehliana ? seeds of Linum ca-
tharticum
„ maritimana ...in stems, and r. of
Eryngium maritimum
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
147
LARV-E]
AUGUST
E. Steinkellneriella hawthorn, moun- G.
tain ash, sloe, &c. ; between
turned-down leaves „
P. calvella (fusca) h. in a case, on „
bramble ; 2 years feeding
UP M
T. fuscipunctella on all kinds of
waste substances C.
M. purpurella ? birch ,,
,, salopiella? ...birch O.
,r semipurpurella ? birch „
,, unimaculella ? birch
„ sparmannella? birch C.
,, subpurpurella ? on various plants, „
in a flat case, of pieces of dried
leaves ,,
A. fibulella in a flat case, on ,,
leaves of Veronica chamsedrys
N. scabiosellus, h. in seed-heads of „
S cabiosa arvensis ; in the autumn, , ,
in its case, on various low B.
plants C.
,f capriacella, h. in seed-heads of „
teazle, and S cabiosa succisa
A. funerella ? L.
E. lobelia under turned-down
sloe leaves E.
D. pallorella, b. in leaves of Cen- A.
taurea scabiosa A.
G. proximella ...in birch leaves L.
„ scriptella maple P.
„ sethiopelia? ...among burnt heath „
„ costella Solanum dulca- C.
mara „
„ triparella oak, between united „
leaves
„ paupella Inula dysenterica, „
in fl-heads B.
intaminatella Lotus corniculatus „
ustulella, h. ...nut, birch, lime, ,r
maple, hornbeam, &c. ff
chenopodiella . . . C henopodium, and , ,
- Atriplex „
torquatella ...birch, elm N.
sericiella nut P.
resplendella . . . alder
conj ugella . . . mountain ash, in the „
M.
B.
it
A.
G.
berries
stigmatella
poplar
L 2
... sallow, willow,
hemidactylella maple, and syca-
more
falconipennella alder
phasianipennella Polygonum hy-
dropiper, and sorrel
imperialella . . . Symphy turn offici-
nale
Brogniartella oak
cuculipennella ash, privet
avellanella ...nut
guttella in turned-down
leaves of apple
albicostella ...on pods of furze
artemisicolella, h. fl. of Artemisia
vulgaris, and A. campestris
inflatella Silene inflata, seeds
siccifoliella .. hawthorn, apple,
birch
melilotella ...melilot, seeds
Wilkinsonella birch
somnulentella convolvulus
Druriella hop
orichalcella ...in leaves of Festuca
arundinacea
subbistrigella in seed-pods of Epi-
lobium montanum
serricornella Carex
terminetella Circaea lutetiana
Treitschkiella dogwood
padifoliella ...sloe, birch, &c.
suffusella poplars
salignella ..willows
scitella hawthorn, apple, &c.
lotella Lotus major
lathyrifoliella in leaves of Lathy-
rus sylvestris
orobiella Orobus tuberosus
cidariella ...alder
cratsegifoliella hawthorn
Demaryella . . .birch
Boyerella ...elm
frangulella . . .buckthorn
hippocastanella lime
minusculella pear
isodactylus ...in shoots, and stems
of Senecio aquaticus, &c.
pterodactylus convolvulus
monodactylus Convolvulus
arvense, and Calystegia sepium,
&c.
148
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
AUGUST
Although pupae, of some kind or other, may be found at any period of the
year, the middle of the present month is the best time to commence the
systematic work of digging, and otherwise searching, for species which have
arrived at this stage. From about that time this work should be followed,
until the winter, as a regular part of the Collector's operations, as it is one of
the best means of securing many species otherwise difficult to be got. The
insects thus obtained come to hand in the finest condition, and many curious
varieties often appear. Although the digging at trees has been long recom-
mended, some kinds are only to be found at the roots of the low plants upon
which they have been feeding, or in their immediate neighbourhood.
Wherever there is a good mass of the food-plant of a desiderated species, the
pupa should be sought, or dug for, near, or among the roots, of course,
avoiding the destruction of the plant, if it should be rare or local.
Machaon to April, on stems
of Peucedanum palustre ; in
fens
cardamines ...on stems of grass,
&c.
urticse among nettle
cardui on, or near thistles
Adonis, b. ...sub. at, or among
Hippocrepis comosa
antiqua in a web, on palings,
&c.
lanestris
cocoon, on the
ground, near hawthorn, sloe,
populi to Oct., spun up,
against oak, poplar, &c. ; near,
or just beneath, the ground
versicolora ...to March, spun up,
at birch
lunaria to April, at sloe, oak,
nut, &c.
alniaria under moss, on tree
trunks, or between leaves
tiliaria, b. ...spun up, between
leaves, or grass, at r. of oak,
birch, &c.
fuscantaria, b. suspended, within
a curled-up leaf
pennaria sub. , at oak
zonaria sub., on sand-hills
hispidaria ...at oak
prodromaria to Feb., sub., at
oak, elm, &c. ; just beneath
the surface
punctaria to April, fastened to
leaf of oak, or birch
E. pendularia ...to April, fastened
to leaf of birch
F. carbonaria to April, among
dead leaves of sallow, and
birch
H. rupicapraria in a web, on the
ground, among oak, sloe,
&c.
„ leucophearia on the ground, near
oaks
„ aurantiaria ...sub., at hawthorn,
birch, oak, &c.
„ progemmaria sub., at oak, birch,
hornbeam, &Q.
„ defoliaria sub., at oak, haw-
thorn, sloe, hornbeam, nut, elm,
&c.
C. brumata sub., at oak, &c.
O. dilutata sub., at oak, &c.
L. multistrigaria sub., about Galium
E. decolorata ... about Lychnis dioica
E. venosata about Silene, and
Lychnis
,, fraxinata, e. to April, on ash ;
under moss, and loose bark
, , vulgata to Mar. , sub. , about
various plants, and trees
„ exiguata to April, about oak,
&c.
M. ocellata to May, among
Galium ; spun up, near the
ground ; larva s. remains during
winter
A. badiata in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, beneath dog
rose bushes
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
149
PUPJE]
AUGUST
A. derivata sub., at dog rose
C. unidentaria, m. among bedstraw,
and sweet woodruff, in a slight
web, on the surface of the
ground [broom
C. obliquaria ...to April, among
D. vinula, e. ...to May, spun up,
on trunk of willows, poplars,
and sallow ; three or four feet
from the ground
P. Cassinea sub., at oak ; deep
N. carmelita to April, sub., at
birch
D. cseruleocephala spun up, at haw-
thorn, and sloe ; under bark, or
on twig
C. ocularis, e. ...at poplar; spun up,
under moss, &c. ; or between
leaves
„ ridens spun up, at oak,
among rubbish ; or under bark ;
s. among leaves, and falls with
them ; tender
A. alni to April, between
leaves of various trees ; or in-
side bramble sticks
N. typhse, e in stems of Typha
latifolia
G. flavago inside thistle, and
burdock stems ; about 3 in. from
the ground
T. piniperda to Mar., at Scotch,
and other firs, in open places in
fir woods, and on the margin ;
in crevices of bark, or under
moss, and fallen needles ; rarely
within 2 ft. of the tree, ii in.
to 2 in. deep
T. gothica to Feb., at various
trees ; just beneath the surface
to Feb., at r. of
low plants ; below
the surface
to Feb., at r. of
various trees ; just
below the surface
opima to Feb. , at r. of Rosa
spinosissima, and dwarf sallow ;
below the sand, on sand-hills,
in the North
leucographa
rubricosa ...
instabilis ...
stabilis . . .
T. populeti to Feb., sub., at
poplars ; especially Populus
nigra ; deep
„ gracilis to Feb., sub., at
willows, sallows, and low plants
„ miniosa among fallen oak
leaves, &c.
„ munda under moss, at base
of oaks
„ cruda to Feb., sub., at
oak
O. lota between leaves of
willow, and sallow ; or on the
ground
„ macilenta at r. of beech, and
birch
S. satellitia sub., at oak
X. citrago, b. ... between united
leaves of lime
„ cerago, b. ... sub., among low
plants, near sallow
„ gib/ago, b. ...sub., at wytch elm
„ aurago in a cocoon, at
beech
„ ferruginea ... sub., at sallow,
poplar, &c.
C. xerampelina sub. , at ash ; cocoon,
very tender, and brittle
D. templi sub., at r. of Hera-
cleum sphondylium, &c.
M. oxyacanthae ..in a cocoon, on the
ground ; among sloe; and haw-
thorn
A. Aprilina sub., at oak
C. vetusta among meadow, and
marsh plants ; on the surface
„ exoleta among scabious,
campion, rest harrow, &c.
C. fraxini, b amongst the leaves
of ash, and poplar
„ nupta at Salixfragilis, and
poplar ; among the leaves ; or
in crevices of bark ; or under
loose bark
P. festucse conspicuous amongst
rush, &c. ; near the sea
P. acanthodactylus on Bartsia, and
rest haiTow
,r dichrodactylus on tansy
A. polydactyla ..on honeysuckle
IMAGOS] AUGUST
Many Moths, in their fresh "palmy state," make their appearance this
month ; while we may often see sunny banks, or fields glowing
"With open, velvet butterflies,
That swing, and spread their peacock eyes,
As if they cared no more to rise
From off their beds of chamomile."
All kinds of flowers, especially in exposed situations, should be carefully
examined, soon after sunset, for the Moths they attract. A. saucia, and other
local species, are often found on garden flowers, and flowering shrubs. As
the honey of most flowers has a stupifying effect on Moths, they may be easily
boxed from the flower, or shaken into an umbrella first. Other species,
which hover over flowers, either in the sunshine, or at early dusk, as C.
celerio, and S. convolvuli, and also many Noctuae, must be netted first, and
immediately introduced into a wide-mouthed bottle charged with chloroform,
bruised laurel, or cyanide of potassium. Some other natural attractions than
flowers, are also worth noting. Newly cut-down birch trees, as well as ex-
udations from the bark of standing ones, attract both Butterflies, and Moths ;
and Butterflies are also, sometimes, drawn to a particular spot by some white,
or brightly coloured object.
But to the attractions which nature offers, the energetic Collector adds
those of art,
"And with delusive baits betrays."
The sugar-pot should now be prepared, and liberally used. If, owing to the
abundance of flowers, captures should prove rare, the flowers themselves
should be sugared, especially thistles, and flowers presenting a large surface,
as they will prove superior to tree trunks, &c. Our highest authority in
English Entomology, Mr. Henry Doubleday, of Epping, says the sugar
should always be applied to the trees before sunset, and when practicable it
should be put en warm, as the scent is much more powerful than when it is
applied cold. The greatest number of Moths will generally be found about
three quarters of an hour after sunset, and in spring and autumn but few
will be found after ten o'clock. Many species visit the sugar about an hour
before sunrise, in the morning. Sugar is almost useless in the neighbourhood
of lime trees, when they are in bloom, and also when there is much honey-
dew. Neither should the allurement of light be forgotten. In a favourable
situation this means of capture may be pursued far into the night, as some
species do not respond to the call until a late hour of the night, or early hour
in the morning. It is recommended that a bright light be placed near a
slightly-open window, and a net used for the capture of specimens. A wag
has suggested that the watcher may wile the idle time away by
Young's "Night Thoughts," Bulwer's "Night and Morning,"
"Arabian (K)nights' Entertainments !"
Gas lamps often prove highly attractive to Moths, and many good species
have been captured thereat, though it is not often that their condition is
fine. Lamplighters in country towns may sometimes be bought over to box
specimens for you, as they often find them when they clean the lamps ; but
you must give frequent calls upon the official to keep him up to his work, and
the chances are in favour of your getting little else than a lot of rubbish, or
reading
or the
THE LEPIDOPTERISX'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
if any species are good they will probably be found to be much damaged by
the rough treatment they have received. " Many species, especially the good
ones, settle under the lamp, or on some part of the frame-work where they
are not easily got at, or even seen, without climbing the lamp-post ; many lie
very close to the frame, so that a keen inspection is required to detect them.
Many species viewed from below appear like dead leaves, bits of stick, mud,
&c. The time to commence the operation of 'lamping' is about 10 p.m.
Very few Moths come sooner ; but they continue to appear till dawn. From
two to three o'clock is a capital time."
Many species which are ordinarily single -brooded in this country, are double,
or treble-brooded on the Continent, where the summer is longer and hotter ;
but sometimes, in this country, in a hot season, an additional brood of an insect
will appear. Thus, in 1868 there was a third brood of S. Megaera. When
this occurs, of course the times ordinarily set down for the appearance of a
species should be somewhat- advanced.
P. Machaon, s. ...fens, and marshes T.
L. sinapis, 2. ...woods; the autumn „
brood is rather smaller than the
spring brood
P. brassicse, 2. ...gardens, &c.
,, rapse, 2 gardens, &c. P.
,, napi, 2 gardens, &c.
„ Daplidice, 2. has been taken in „
lucerne fields L.
G. rhamni, h. ...in woods
C. Edusa, h. ...lucerne, and clover „
fields, railway banks, &c. Fond
of fl. „
„ Hyale, h. ...lucerne, and clover „
fields ; more especially near the „
coast
A. Latona fields, woods, &c. „
,, Euphrosyne, s. woods, &c.
„ Selene, s. ...woods, &c. „
V. polychloros, h. about elms
() Antiopa, h. ...attracted by sugar, S.
ivy bloom, and cossus-infected T.
trees
„ lo, h woods, &c. ; at fl. H.
fr Atalanta, h. gardens, &c. ; fond
of fl., and fallen fruit „
„ cardui, h. ...atfl. ; often rests on „
a hot dusty road, and on the A.
lead roofs of churches, and S.
other buildings, in the sunshine D.
E. Medea „
S. yEgeria, 2. ...woods, and lanes „
,, Megoera, 2. ...at fl., in lanes, and C.
on walls, and banks H,
rubi, s. 2. ...in woods, &c.
betulse in woods, at fl. ; in
wet weather may be readily
taken with the fingers, as may
many other butterflies
Hippothoe ...formerly in Cam-
bridge fens
Phloeas, s. ...fields, &c.
Boetica has been recently
taken in this country
^Egon at rest, on heather,
at night
agestis, 2. ...on hills, &c.
Alexis, e. 2. ...fields, and hills
Adonis, 2. ...chalk downs, and
limestone hills
Corydon, b. chalk downs, and
limestone hills
Argiolus, 2. ...among holly, and
ivy, and at fl.
Alveolus, s... woods, &c.
Tages, 2 dry heaths, com-
mons, and hills
sylvanus, 2. ...woods, and grassy
hills
hills, &c.
on the Dorset coast
at rest
.at fl., at dusk
.on the coast
galii on the coast
lineata
celerio at fl., at dusk
sylvinus, b. . . .flies just before dusk
comma . .
Actseon ..
Atropos ..
convolvuli
euphorbise
152
THE LEHDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
N. senex in wet places
S. irrorella
L. muscerda in fens, &c., among
alder ; flies in the evening
it pygmaeola ...at Deal
„ caniola, b. ...Cliffs of Howth ;
flies at dusk ; in the dawn comes
to sugar; males may be attracted
by a bred female
„ stramineola (var. ) by moist wood-
sides, and ditches
„ quadra beaten from fir, and
oak
D. pulchella in stubble fields,
flying by day
C. Hera has occurred at
sugar, at Exeter
E. russula, s. ...heaths, &c.
A. fuliginosa, e. s. a succession of
broods, from the same pair
L. chrysorrhaea at rest.
„ salicis on willows, and
poplars
„ monacha comes to 1.
O. ccenosa fens, and marshes
„ gonostigma, s. at rest
„ antiqua flies just before a
storm
T. cratpegi the 6 fly between 6
and 7 p.m., and probably again
in the early morning. The 9
are very sluggish. In confine-
ment the moth emerges gener-
ally between 5 and 7 p.m.
B. castrensis S.E. coast
„ roboris flies at dusk
,t quercus
„ trifolii near the coast
E. apiciaria ......hedges, &c. ; flies
soon after 7 a.m.
R. cratsegata ...hedges, &c.
E. fasciaria, h. ...among fir ; flies at
night
P. syringaria, 2., s. gardens, &c. ;
flies at dusk, over fl.
S. illustraria, 2... the summer brood,
or var. delunaria
C. elinguaria ...hedges, &c.
E. tiliaria comes to 1.
„ fuscantaria. e. comes to 1.
E. erosaria
„ angularia on trees, &c. ; comes
tot
H. abruptaria, 2. in gardens and
woods ; rests on trees, and
palings ; comes to 1.
D. obfuscata on heaths, about
Scotch mountains
A. trigeminata, 2. in some hot sum-
mers many of the Acidalise are
double-brooded
,, incanaria on palings, walls,
&c. , near gardens
„ ornata, 2 in grassy places
„ promutata ...woods
„ mancuniata ...
„ subsericeata... beaten from wild
rose
„ imitaria among Rosa spino-
sissima, at Portland
„ emutaria salt marshes of
Kent, Norfolk, and the New
Forest ; flies at dusk. The
Sheerness specimens are more
tinged with rose-colour than
the others
C. exanthemaria woods
S. plumaria
M. euphorbiata, 2. ? woods
S. sacraria flies by day ; has
been taken at fl., at sugar, and
atl.
A. ononaria, 2. among, or near rest
harrow
A. citraria, 2. ...among wild carrot,
chiefly on the coast
„ gilvaria wild in the net
A. grossulariata gardens, and hedges
L. marginata ...woods, and hedges
O. filigrammaria
L. olivata woods
E. unifasciata ...
,, bifasciata? ...in an old hedge, in a
marsh
„ blandiata
E. centaureata...at rest, on palings,
&c.
„ subfulvata ...at fl.
„ pygmseata, s. 2.
„ pimpinellata, 2.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
E. indigata, 2. ...on fir trunks N.
,, constrictata ...
„ nanata, 2. s. . . .on heaths C.
„ expallidata ... B.
„ assimilata, 2. . lt
„ pumilata, 2. „
T. simulata, 2. ... A.
,, variata, 2., h. among larch
„ firmata
M. rivata „
„ fluctuata, 2., in gardens, &c. S.
A. berberata, 2. L.
C. ferrugata, 2. woods „
„ unidentaria, e., 2. „
P. lapidata at Rannoch „
„ lignata, e., 2. this brood is smaller, N.
and generally more abundant „
than the first brood
it polygrammata, 2. damp meadows; „
very local „
„ vitalbata
S. dubitata, h.... at light
C. russata woods „
„ immanata ... „
„ silaceata, 2., h. among willow herb; H.
beaten from thatch. Double-
brooded only in the S. „
E. mseniata beaten from broom ; „
at E. Grinstead, &c. X.
„ lineolata, 2 rests on coarse ,,
grasses ; on the coast D.
A. plagiata, 2. ... A.
P. falcula, 2 beaten from birch
„ hamula, s., 2. flies in the day time, L.
generally in the morning ; beaten
from oak N.
„ unguicula, s. , 2. , a day flyer; beaten H.
from beech C.
C. spinula, 2. ...rests on palings, &c.
P. bucephala ...at rest C.
C. anachoreata . . .
„ reclusa L.
N. camelina at light; hides on „
fern fronds, and in, and on trees „
„ cucullina, s. ...comes out when a
thunder storm is imminent M.
„ dictsea at rest, at base of „
willows, and large poplars A.
„ dromedarius, s. „
„ tritophus
ziczac hides in bark
crevices of poplar
diluta
glandifera ... on walls
algae
perla on walls
alni this rare species has
occurred at sugar, but is oftener
found in the larva state
auricoma, h.
musculosa ...
albipuncta ...at fl.
putrescens, b.
straminea, b. marshes, and fens
pallens, b. ...
despecta marshes, and fens
fulva s. abundant in one
corner of a meadow
neurica
brevilinea ... at Horning Fen,
&c. ; flies at dusk, among reed
mace
cannse a marsh species
lutosa in marshes
nictitans at ragwort, & thistle
fl. ; comes to 1.
petasitis among butter burr
micacea comes to 1 .
polyodon
scolopacina ...
pinastri
Australis among grass; comes
tol.
exigua most often taken at
gas lamps
saponaria . . .
popularis
graminis on commons; s. at
ragwort, and thistle, fl.
Cytherea in dry, grassy places;
comes to 1.
testacea
Dumerili
cespitis hides in grass, by
day ; comes to 1.
furva
brassiere rests on walls, &c.
gemina
fibrosa in marshy places
oculea -..
154
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
M. literosa on the coast
C. Haworthii ...
A. caliginosa ...
C. cubicularis ...beaten from thatch;
flies in hay-fields
A. valligera at fl. ; mostly on the
coast
,, Puta, 2., h. ...
,f suffusa, h. ...
„ fennica
„ saucia, h at fl. ; comes to 1.
„ segetum
„ lunigera
,, exclamationis often in kitchen
gardens
„ spinifera
,r cursoria by beating, on coast
sand-hills
,, nigricans
„ tritici, b
„ aquilina, b. ...
,r obelisca on ragwort fl.
„ agathina beaten from heath
in the day time ; flies over the
fl. , and rests on them, at night
„ porphyrea ...among heath
„ prsecox on sand-hills, by the
coast
„ ravida, b. ...comes to 1.
,, pyrophila, b.
„ Ashworthii ...
T. ianthina
„ fimbria.i conies to 1.
,, inter] ecta ...
„ subsequa comes to 1.
„ Orbona comes to 1.
„ pronuba comes to 1.
N. glareosa, e. ...on heaths
,f depuncta
„ augur
„ plecta, b
„ C.-nigrum ...comes to 1.
„ rhomboidea . . .
„ brunnea
„ festiva
,t conflua
„ Dahlii
„ rubi
„ umbrosa at ragwort fl.
.. Baia... .
N.
sobrina ......
neglecta ..... on heaths, at sugared
rags
xanthographa
alpina ........
suspecta ......
rufina, e ..... ..
pistacina, e. ...
litura ........
citrago, e. ... at 1. , and ivy ; this,
and the two following frequent
the leaves, and twigs of lime
trees, at night
cerago .........
silago .........
aurago, e. ...at fl.
H
ferruginea ...at fl.
xerampelina...at 1., and at rest, on
ash trunks
subtusa, b. ...
retusa ......... comes to 1.
fulvago ...... in Sherwood Forest,
at heath fl.
oo ............... comes to 1.
trapezina ......
pyralina ......
diffinis ......... comes to 1.
affinis ......... comes to 1.
ochroleuca ...atfl. ; rests on knap-
weed, thistles, &c.
capsophila, s., 2.
capsincola, 2.
cucubali, 2. ? flies in the sunshine
chi ............ on tree trunks
xanthomista...
flavocincta ...on walls, &c.
lutulenta ...... at heath fl.
nigra ............ at fl.
viminalis ...... among sallows
lichenea ...... on the coast
bimaculosa . . .
meticulosa ...
occulta ......... at rest, early in the
morning ; unquiet when boxed
nebulosa ......
tincta ......... on trees, stumps,
and palings ; unquiet when
boxed
satura ..
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
155
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
H. peregrina ...
„ chenopodii ...atfl., and 1.
„ suasa, s., 2....
C. solidaginis ...
C. vetusta, e., h. at fl.
„ exoleta, e., h. at fl.
X. furcifera, h..- -at ivy; rests on tree
trunks
H. peltigera may be started from
herbage
armigera at ivy
„ scutosa formerly nr. Silloth
A. sulphuralis ...at 1. ; s. on fl. of
knapweed, in the day time
A. luctuosa flies in the sunshine,
over fl. , in clover fields, &c.
A. urticse
„ triplasia
P. orichalcea ...on the coast
„ chrysitis, 2.... among nettle
„ bractea
„ festucae in salt marshes;
flies over Lychnis fl., &c.
„ iota among ground ivy
„ gamma flies in the sunshine
„ ni, 2
„ interrogationis flies wildly ; rests
on rocks, and stumps, in dull
weather
G. libatrix, h. ...in cellars, and on
palings, trees, &c.
A pyramidea ...
„ tragopogonis hides in windows
,, maura s. rests on inner sur-
face of roofs of outhouses
S. anomala at heath, and flying
along hedgerows, at night ;
remains fine but a very few
days after emergence
C. fraxini
„ nupta at rest, on trees and
walls ; soon alarmed, when
approached ; comes to 1.
in the New Forest,
Norfolk, &c.;all
the genus are
somewhat restless
when boxed, un-
less the box is
capacious
promissa
sponsa ...
H. rostralis, h. ...
H. albistrigalis at rush fl., and s.
sugar
,, costsestrigalis at rush fl., and s.
sugar
H. derivalis comes to 1.
A. flexula beaten from hedges
O. dentalis on the coast, among
viper's bugloss
P. fimbrialis comes to 1.
„ farinalis in stables, &c.
„ glaucinalis .. in thatch ; and at 1.
P. punicealis, 2. in grassy places ;
flies in the sunshine
(l ostrinalis 2. ?
R. sanguinalis 2? flies at dusk
H. cespitalis 2. ?
E. cingulalis 2? on grassy hill-
sides, &c.
„ anguinalis 2. ? ...on grassy hill-
sides, &c.
C. lemnalis among the weeds of
duckweed-covered ponds ; flies
at dusk ; comes to 1.
P. stratiotalis . . .among water plants;
flies at dusk ; comes to 1.
A. niveus, b. ...at rest, on twigs, &c.
in weedy ponds and rivers,
close to the water's edge, or
flying slowly over the surface
B. flavalis.... in chalk, and lime-
stone districts, on the S. coast
P. forficalis 2 ?... gardens
„ stramentalis... beaten from under-
growth, in woods, fens, &c.
S. sticticalis at 1., and fl.
)f palealis among wild carrot,
and Peucedanum; on the S.E.
coast
„ cinctalis clover fields ; comes
tol.
S. alpinalis on the tops of moun-
tains, in Perthshire, £c.
„ lutealis in hedges
„ ferrugalis beaten from hedges ;
flies at dusk ; comes to fl. , and
sugar
„ decrepitalis ...
S. Zelleri beaten out of old
willows, and hawthorns
156
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
....among heath
....among old, lichen-
sloe, and hawthorn
[local
. ... on ash trunks , very
on fir trunks
on
mossy
grassy
S. cembrse ..
„ murana ..
„ lineola
covered
bushes
,, cratsegella .
„ resinea
lf phseoleuca .,
„ truncicolella
„ coarctalis (angustea)
walls
„ alpina
„ pallida in fens, &c.
P. alpinellus in sandy,
places, especially in fir woods ;
not a mountain species
E. ocellea, e., h. comes to 1.
C. verellus
„ falsellus common in Eng-
land, more local in Scotland
„ pratellus, 2 — s. at sugar
„ dumetellus ...
„ ericellus on moors, among
heath ; local
„ sylvellus (adipellus) in fens, &c.
„ hamellus in grassy places,
among heath
„ pascuellus ...damp meadows, and
moors ; local ; s. at sugar
,f furcatellus ...a mountain species,
in Britain
,, margaritellus damp, grassy places,
in open woods
„ pinetellus best obtained at
night, by searching dry banks
„ latistriellus ...on coast sand-hills ;
local
,, perlellus
„ Warringtonellus on mosses, and
moors, and on the coast ; very
local
„ selasellus fens, and wet
meadows
„ tristellus
„ fascelinellus...on the coast, near
Yarmouth ; at rest, on the sand
„ inquinatellus among alder bushes,
and on heaths ; s. at sugar
„ contaminellus dry pastures; rather
local
C. geniculellus . . .
M. cribrella among thistles; often
on hills
T. pryorella
H. nimbella among Jasione mon-
tana, and thistles, and ragwort;
on the coast
,, nebulella among Carduus
nutans, &c. ; very local
„ binsevella
E. pinguis rests on ash trunks ;
comes to 1.
P. obductella ...
„ ornatella
„ abietella may be beaten from
young fir trees
„ roborella
P. palumbella ... among heath
R. consociella ...s. at sugar
„ advenella
„ tumidella
O. ahenella
M. sociella
„ anella
G. cerella
S. Revayana, h. woods
T. rosana
„ corylana woods
„ costana fens, and marshes
„ viburnana boggy heaths, and
moors
,r icterana dry banks
„ adjunctana ...
D. grotiana among oak, in woods
A. Gerningana... heaths, and moors
L. literana on oak trunks
P. sponsana woods
„ Schalleriana ... on moors, and fens ;
among sallow
,f comparana ...
„ Caledoniana Northern moors
, , var iegana hedges
,, cristana among dwarf sallows
„ Hastiana among sallows
„ maccana Rannoch
„ ferrugana woods
„ aspersana ...Yorks coast, &c.
„ Shepherdana fens
,f comariana ...boggy heaths, and
fens
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
T. caudana woods, and fens
„ contaminana hawthorn hedges,
&c.
D. Lorquiniana fens
P. marginana ...damp woods, heaths,
and fens
S. aceriana among poplars
„ dealbana in oak woods
„ rosaecolana ...in gardens, among
roses
S. euphorbiana South coast
„ bifasciana ...among Scotch fir
„ abscisana at Folkestone, among
Inula, and thistles
„ lacunana
,, urticana woods
M. Schulziana ...heaths,' and mosses
„ Ratzeburgiana among spruce, and
Scotch fir
P. inornatana (subarcuana) in fens ;
local
„ paludana in fens ; local
„ comptana chalk downs, &c.
„ Lundana
G. nisana among sallow; local
„ trimaculana ...among elm
„ nsevana among holly
P. immundana ...woods
H. augustana ...Durham, Scotland
B. angustoriana garden hedges
P. corticana among oaks
„ profundana ...among oaks
„ ophthalmicana among aspens
„ occultana among young fir
„ Solandriana... among alder, and
poplar
„ semifuscana . . among sallows
E. bimaculana ...woods
„ Brunnichiana
„ tetragonana ...among black briony
O. ulmana Yorks, Norfolk,
Surrey, &c.
S. rufillana among wild carrot
C. Hercyniana... among spruce
R. pinicolana ...among Scotch fir
„ pinivorana ...among Scotch fir
C. splendana ...among oak
S. composana ...among clover, and
trefoils
„ orobana Scarboro', &c.
D. alpinana at river sides, among
tansy
„ Petiverana ...among yarrow
„ acuminatana railway banks, &c.
„ simpliciana ... among Artemisia
vulgaris
C. ulicetana among furze
, , cana among thistles
„ Hohenwarthiana among thistles
„ Scopoliana ... among Centaurea
nigra
„ oemulana
„ pupillana
Artemisia
C. scintillulana
E. dubitana
Ir angustana ...on heaths, &c.
„ roseana Gravesend
„ implicitana ...woods, in the S.
.. anthemidana chalk districts
Centaurea
..Southend
,.on the coast, among
marshes
among
X. Zoegana
nigra
C. rutilana among juniper
C. dipoltana on chalk, in the S.
A. osseana marshes
P. Birdella
S. chorargella ... Cumberland, Epping,
and New Forest
„ emortuella ... Cheshire, Epping,
Gloucestershire, &c.
„ cloacella
„ arcella
T. rusticella
„ monachella ...Cambs
„ confusella ...Howth, Hartlepool
„ misella in outhouses
„ pellionella ...common, in houses
,, fuscipunctella
„ pallescentella in warehouses, and
poulterer's shops
„ nigripunctella York, Bristol,
Lewes
,, ruricolella ...
S. comptella ...among sloe
S. pyrella in hawthorn hedges
Y. viginipunctella Guildford, Becken-
ham
„ plumbella ...among Eunonymus
europceus
, , padella among hawthorn
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
Y. evonymella . . .among Prunus padus
P. porrectella ...
„ annulatella ...Howth, Castle Eden,
Scotland, Portland, &c.
„ Dalella on moors
H. sequella on trunks of syca-
more, and maple
„ vittella on trunks of elm,
and beech
„ radiatella ...among oak
„ costella
Y. sylvella among young oak
„ alpella among oak
„ lucella
„ asperella among apple
H. scabrella among crab apple ;
on tansy fl., at dusk
„ nemorella among honeysuckle
P. caudella, h. ...among Eunonymus
europceus
O. sparganella . . .
P. quercella among oak
D. costosella ...among furze
,, liturella among Centaurea
„ pallorella, h.
„ umbellella ...among furze
„ assimilella ...among broom
„ nanatella
„ atomella
„ arenella
,, propinquella, h. .
„ subpropinquella, h.
„ Alstrsemeriella, h. among Conium
maculatum
„ ciniflonella, h. Rannoch
„ vaccinella, h.
„ capreolella ...
„ hypericella ...
,, conterminella, h. among sallows
„ angelicella ... among Angelica
sylvestris
„ carduella among thistles
, , ocellella among sallow
„ Yeatesiella ...in fens, &c.
„ applanella, h.
„ ciliella, h. ...
„ rotundella ...Howth, Lancashire,
Folkestone, &c.
„ depressella . . . Fleetwood, Essex,
Folkestone, &c.
D. pimpinella ...
,, albipunctella, h.
„ emeritella ...
„ pulcherimella among Bunium
flexuosum
„ Douglasella... Fleetwood, Redcar,
Folkestone, Isle of Wight, &c.
„ Weirella Preston, Lewisham,
Lewes
„ chserophyllivorella, h.
„ ultimella marshes, &c.
„ nervosella ...
„ badiella
„ discipunctella
„ heracliella, h.
, , olerella near Hazlemere ;
beaten from thatch
P. gibbosella ...Manchester, Hain-
ault
G. rufescentella marshes, &c.
„ vilella Gravesend, Wor-
thing, Folkestone, &c.
„ hippophaella near Deal
,, populella Yorks, Birkenhead,
Bristol, &c.
„ lentiginosella Preston, Epping,&c.
„ velocella Witherslack, Cambs
„ fumatella New Brighton, Bir-
kenhead, Dawlish
„ ericetella moors, and heaths
„ mulinella among furze, and
broom
„ desertella sand-hills, on the
coast
,, acuminatella among thistles
„ artemisiella ... coast sand-hills,
Manchester, &c.
„ senectella in lanes, &c.
„ mundella coast sands
,f similella
„ domesticella
„ rhombella ...among crab, in
hedges, &c.
„ Lyellella Castle Eden, Wither-
slack, New Forest, Worthing
„ distinctella ...Lytham, Croydon,
Portland
„ costella among Solanum
dulcamara
„ maculella...
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
159
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
G. tricolorella ...
„ fraternella ...Manchester, Yorks,
&c.
„ vicinella Belfast, Brighton
„ junctella Witherslack, Lake
District, &c.
„ Hubnerella ...Carlisle, nr. Wake-
field, Manchester, &c.
„ marmorella ...coast sand-hills
,, instabilella ...on the coast
,, ocellatella ...Folkestone, Preston,
the Lizard ; s. at sugar
„ atriplicella, 2. S. Shields, Scar-
boro'
„ sequacella ...
,, albicapitella...
,, taeniolella
,, immaculella...W. Wickham
„ anthyllidella... rail way banks, and
coast sand-hills
„ atrella Witherslack, Dar-
lington, West Wickham
„ bifractella ... Folkestone, Mickle-
ham, Bristol
„ gemmella Birkenhead, Bristol,
Manchester
„ nseviferella ...among Chenopo-
— dium
„ Hermannella Cambs, Yorks, &c.
„ pictella coast sand-hills
„ brizella near Dawlish,
Brighton, Southend
„ ericinella heaths
„ paupella near Lewisham,
Folkestone, Lewes
,, inopella near Bristol, Folkes-
tone, Lewes
„ Knaggsiella...
P. Metzneriella Darlington, Scar-
boro', &c.
„ neuropterella Deal, Mickleham
C. cytisella
„ striatella Cambs, Brighton,
Lewisham
C. conscriptella Witherslack
A. spartiella among furze
M. marginella ...among juniper
A. palpella Hainault, Ripley
N. Durdhamella Bristol, Darenth,
Deal
CE. flavimaculella among Angelica
sylvestris
„ lunarella Cambs, Lewes,
Lewisham, &c.
„ subaquilella... Yorks, Lake District
„ fuscoaurella . . . West Wickham, &c.
,, fuscescentella
„ pseudospretella common in houses
CE. Kindermanniella in houses
A. granitella ...Cambs, Witherslack,
Darlington
„ autumnitella, h. among Solanum
dulcamara
,, betulella Castle Eden, and
High Force ; beaten out
R. Erxlebenella among lime under-
wood
G. equitella among Sedum acre
„ Fischeriella . . .
A. nitidella among hawthorn
„ semitestacella among beech
„ spiniella among mountain
ash, on moors
„ semifuscella... in hedges, among
sloe, and hawthorn
,, Andereggiella
, , aurulentella . . . S anderstead , Mickle-
ham, Tenderden
O. pinariella, 2. among Scotch fir
Z. hepariella, h. Darlington, Lake
District, &c.
„ insignipennella to April (probably
? of hepariella)
G. alchimiella ...
„ stigmatella, h. among sallow, and
poplar
„ stramineella, h. Castle Eden, Lake
District, Stirlingshire
,, tringipennella among Plantago
lanceolata
„ syringella in gardens, among
lilac
„ omissella among Artemisia
vulgaris
,, auroguttella... among Hypericum
quadrangulum
„ ononiella Cambs, Mickleham
„ Hoffmanniella at Richmond, Yorks
C. Brogniartella Yorks, Lake District,
Cambs
i6o
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
C. cuculipennella, h. among privet H.
O. avellanella ...among nut A.
„ anglicella among hawthorn C.
„ betulsevorella, among birch S.
„ torquilella ...among sloe
G. atriplicivorella Isle of Wight E.
C. alcyonipennella in sheltered places, „
among Centaurea nigra „
tt ochreella
„ salicornella ...Fleetwood „
„ binotapennella near Brighton „
(l anatipennella
„ discordella ...among Lotus major „
fr trogloditella Yorks,Cambs, Castle „
Eden, &c. „
„ squamosella...near Mickleham „
„ annulatella (Tengstromella) among ,r
Chenopodium
„ salinella Yorks, and near
Brighton „
„ apicella (cacuminatella) fens, and T.
marshes L.
„ virgaureell a ...Grange, Scarboro',
Devon
griphipennella among rose ,f
somnulentella
prseangustella on poplars, and sal- „
lows „
.in wine vaults, and
..at Stoat's Nest, near
C.
v.-flavella
cellars
insecurella
Croydon
chserophyllella
paludicolella Lake District, Yorks,
Cambs, Darlington
lacteella Yorks, Lake Dis-
trict
miscella Witherslack," Yorks,
Castle Eden
Raschkiella... Box Hill
Stephensiella Hainault Forest
epilobiella, h.
ochraceella ...among Epilobium
decolorella ...among Epilobium
subbistrigella, h. ...Witherslack,
Worthing, Devon
Linneella ... in parks, &c. , among
old lime trees
Schrankella Witherslack,
Scarboro', Scotland
Rcesella formerly near London
Langiella ...Devon, Lake District
festaliella among blackberry
Brunnichella in chalk-pits, among
Clinopodium vulgare
luticomella ...
poella among Poa aquatica
Kilmunella ...moors, marshes, and
bogs ; among coarse grass
nigrella
subnigrella ... Scarboro', Bristol,
Mickleham
Bedellella ...
subobscurella Darlington, Scarboro'
zonariella
Megerlella . . .
cerussella
biatomella ... Witherslack, Dar-
lington, Cambs
cygnipennella
marginea among blackberry
roborella, 2. . . .most of these second
appearances of the genus Litho-
colletisdo not occur in the North
hortella very local
Amyotella ...
lantanella among guelder rose
quinqueguttella among dwarf sal-
lows
irradiella among oak
Bremiella . . .
lautella ... among oak
vacciniella ...Yorks, Scotland, &c.
cavella West Wickham
pomifoliella . . . among hawthorn,
and apple
spinicolella ...among sloe
.among beech
.Manchester, Lewis-
faginella
torminella
ham
salicicolella
viminetella
..among sallow
..Witherslack, Man-
chester, &c.
carpinicolella among hornbeam ;
local
ulmifoliella ...among birch
spinolella among sallow
quercifoliella among oak
Messaniella... among evergreen oak
corylifoliella among hawthorn
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
161
IMAGOS]
AUGUST
L. Caledoniella Lake District, Dar- N.
lington, Yorks, Scotland „
, , viminiella among sallow , ,
„ ulicicolella ...among furze „
„ alnifoliella ...among alder
„ Heegerella ...among oak (l
„ Cramerella ...among oak
,f tenella Epping, Winder- , ,
mere
„ sylvella (acerifoliella) among maple „
lr emberizsepennella Yorks, Lake „
District, &c.
„ Frolichiella ...among alder „
„ Dunningiella Darlington, Lake „
District, Yorks „
„ Nicelliella ...among nut „
„ Stettinella ...among alder „
„ Kleemanella Scarboro', Harro-
gate, Preston ,,
„ Schreberella... among elm „
„ tristrigella ..among elm „
„ trifasciella ...among honeysuckle „
„ scabioscecolella „
„ comparella ...London District
L. Clerckella, h. among sloe, and „
fruit trees „
P. salignella among willows, near T.
London „
C. spartifoliella among broom „
„ laburnella ...among laburnum P.
O. reliquella, b. „
B. aurimaculella... among Chrysan-
themum leucanthemum ,,
„ ulmella among oak „
„ cristatella among yarrow
N. atricapitella among oak „
„ ruficapitella ...among oak „
„ anomelella ...among rose „
„ tiliseella, b. ... „
„ perpygmaeella among hawthorn „
„ pomella Darlington, Rich-
mond, Yorks, Lewisham, &c. „
„ oxyacanthella among hawthorn „
„ viscerella Richmond, Yorks,
Darlington „
„ catharticella... Yorks, &c.
„ Septembrella among Hypericum „
„ cryptella Scarboro', Darling- „
ton, Manchester [boro'
„ Headleyella...Mickleham, Scar- A,
M
tiimaculella... Darlington, Yorks
floslactella ...among nut
salicivorella . . .among sallow
myrtillella . . . Witherslack, Yorks,
Manchester
micro theriella ...among nut, and
hornbeam
betulicolella... Darlington, Scar-
boro', W. Wickham, Manchester
ignobilella . . . among hawthorn
acetosella Witherslack, Isle of
Wight, near Dublin
plagicolella ...among sloe [ter
prunetella . . . Scarboro', Manches-
tityrella among beech
malella among wild apple
atricolella ...Darlington, Man-
chester, Lewisham [boro'
arcuosella Darlington, Scar-
marginecolella among elm ; local
glutinosella ...Yorks, Darlington
aurella among blackberry
splendidissimella among bramble,
dewberry, and wild raspberry
luteella
ulmivorella ...among elm
atrifrontella. . . Lewisham
squamatella...Charlton, Bristol
immundella... among broom
rhododactylus among rose
isodactylus among Senecio
aquaticus
acanthodactylus on heaths
punctidactylus Lake District,
Birkenhead, Bristol, Farnham
hieracii
pilosellse Cambs, Mickleham
zophodactylus
fuscodactylus
lithodactylus among Inula dy-
senterica
pterodactylus among convolvulus
osteodactylus Scarboro', Wither-
slack
baliodactylus, b. Bristol, Lewes,
Mickleham
tetradactylus among thyme
pentadactylus among Convolvulus
sepium, and arvensis
, polydactyla, h. among honeysuckle
SEPTEMBER
OVA]
With fewer distractions, in the shape of freshly emerged Imagos, this month,
more attention may be given to the. search for eggs, especially when it is
found so many species are now obtainable in that condition. When eggs
have been obtained, they should not be kept "coddled up " in a close warm
place, but should be secured on, or near, the food-plant, fully exposed to the
weather, otherwise there will be great danger of their drying up.
C. Edusa, s on white clover, E.
lucerne, &c.
A. Latona on violet, and hearts-
ease ,r
T. quercus on oak twigs
)r w. -album on wytch elm ; also
elm ; on the twigs F.
„ pruni on sloe twigs O.
„ betulse on sloe twigs E.
L. ^gon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white M.
„ Alexis on rest harrow, L.
trefoil, &c.
H. comma on trefoil, and other S.
Leguminosse C.
L. dispar on sloe, hawthorn,
fruit trees ; on the trunks, in a
heap, covered with down (l
„ monacha on oak, beech, fir,
apple, birch, &c.
T. cratsegi to Mar., on haw- ,,
thorn, sloe, &c. ; on roadside
hedges ; pale -brown, thickly „
covered with dark-coloured
down
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe, „
fruit-trees ; in batches, round
the twigs, and branches „
„ castrensis on Artemisia mari-
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c. „
C. elinguaria ...on oak, honeysuckle,
hawthorn, sloe; also heath, bil- T.
berry, &c.
E. vespertaria ...on nut D.
tl apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow B.
E. alniaria to May, on alder, „
birch, sallow, beech, &c. ; brick- L.
shaped, like all the Ennomos
tiliaria to May, on oak,
sallow, birch, alder, &c.j
purplish
fuscantaria ... to May, on ash,
privet ; upon the twigs, in small
batches
pinetaria on bilberry
filigrammaria to Feb. , on sallow
subciliata on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
rubiginata ...on alder; large
lignata on Galium palustre,
&c.
vetulata on buckthorn
immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c.
prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe, &c. ; on the bark ;
large
testata on heath, birch,
sallow, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
fulvata on dog rose ; rose-
pink, large
pyraliata on. Galium, and haw-
thorn
dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
chserophyllata on Bunium flexu-
osum
cseruleocephala on hawthorn, sloe;
ragged
glandifera ...on wall-lichens
perla on wall-lichens
pallens on Deschampsia
csespitosa
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 163
OVA] SEPTEMBER
N. lutosa ...on stems of common reed T. subtusa poplar; upon twigs
G. flavago to April, on stems ,, retusa to Mar., on sallow,
of marsh thistles, burdock, &c. ; willow, poplar ; upon the axils
in heaps of the leaves
T. fimbria on primrose, broom, P. chi on dock, hawthorn,
and various trees sallow ; and probably lettuce,
N. xanthographa on plantain, &c. sow thistle, "tea tree," &c.
A. rufina on oak. Oval, with M flavocincta ...to March, on dock,
a slight peak rising from the chickweed, groundsel, mint, &c. ;
centre, ribbed rather coarsely in gardens, on everlasting pea,
from base to centre ; dirty-pink, plum, &c.
brown round the base, and a M. oxyacanthse on hawthorn, sloe ;
conspicuous brown central spot rather large, distinctly ribbed
C. xerampelina...on ash; probably P. empyrea on pile wort, on the
in the chinks of the twigs, and leaf-stalks
the buds ; round, smooth, dirty- H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
white large, pale -yellow
LARV^B]
Many "good" species may be found this month in a state closely approach-
ing maturity, and about
"to keep
The lazy sabbath of a half-year's sleep."
Several of these, however, are wholly out of reach in the day time, hiding
among roots, in bark chinks, under leaves, stones, &c., and they are only to
be found, with the aid of a lantern, feeding, or searching about for attractive
pabulum, or a place of pupation,
"while, deep and wide,
The dim night settles on the country side."
Although a large number thus found this month speedily pupate, still a good
many which may be obtained by beating and sweeping, hibernate, some being
very small ; and unless the Collector is able to provide something approach-
ing the natural conditions of larval life, they are best left until the spring.
Their re-appearance at that season is duly recorded in the lists.
C. reclusa regularly appears twice a-year, in confinement ; but when at
large, its habits do not appear so regular. L. roboris will occasionaly feed
all the winter, if tolerably mild, and many other species will at times have a
nibble, if the food-plant is handy. The eggs of C. xerampelina occasion-
ally hatch this month, though generally later. The young larvae feed only by
night, on ash, though they will sometimes eat hawthorn, and guelder rose.
Now is the time when we find
"Acorns, ripe, down pattering,
While the autumn breezes sing ;"
and in these same acorns we find the larvae of two pretty little species, C.
splendana, and C. Juliana. The acorns should be collected as soon as
possible, before the larvae make their escape, and kept in a proper receptacle
in a cool place.
M 2
SEPTEMBER
OVAl
With fewer distractions, in the shape of freshly emerged Imagos, this month,
more attention may be given to the. search for eggs, especially when it is
found so many species are now obtainable in that condition. When eggs
have been obtained, they should not be kept "coddled up" in a close warm
place, but should be secured on, or near, the food-plant, fully exposed to the
weather, otherwise there will be great danger of their drying up.
C. Edusa, s on white clover, E.
lucerne, &c.
A. Latona on violet, and hearts-
ease „
T. quercus on oak twigs
„ w. -album on wytch elm ; also
elm ; on the twigs F.
„ pruni on sloe twigs O.
„ betulse on sloe twigs E.
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white M.
„ Alexis on rest harrow, L.
trefoil, &c.
H. comma on trefoil, and other S.
Leguminosse C.
L. dispar on sloe, hawthorn,
fruit trees ; on the trunks, in a
heap, covered with down „
„ monacha on oak, beech, fir,
apple, birch, &c.
T. cratsegi to Mar., on haw- „
thorn, sloe, &c. ; on roadside
hedges ; pale-brown, thickly „
covered with dark-coloured
down
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe, „
fruit-trees ; in batches, round
the twigs, and branches „
„ castrensis on Artemisia mari-
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c. „
C. elinguaria ...on oak, honeysuckle,
hawthorn, sloe; also heath, bil- T.
berry, &c.
E. vespertaria ...on nut D.
„ apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow B.
E. alniaria to May, on alder, „•
birch, sallow, beech, &c. ; brick- L.
shaped, like all the Ennomos
tiliaria to May, on oak,
sallow, birch, alder, &c.;
purplish
fuscantaria ...to May, on ash,
privet ; upon the twigs, in small
batches
pinetaria on bilberry
filigrammaria to Feb. , on sallow
subciliata on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
rubiginata ...on alder; large
lignata on Galium palustre,
&c.
vetulata on buckthorn
immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c.
prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe, &c. ; on the bark ;
large
testata on heath, birch,
sallow, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
fulvata on dog rose ; rose-
pink, large
pyraliata on Galium, and haw-
thorn
dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
chserophyllata on Bunium flexu-
osum
cseruleocephala on hawthorn, sloe;
ragged
glandifera ...on wall-lichens
perla on wall-lichens
pallens on Deschampsia
csespitosa
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 163
OVA] SEPTEMBER
N. lutosa ...on stems of common reed T. subtusa poplar; upon twigs
G. flavago to April, on stems „ retusa to Mar., on sallow,
of marsh thistles, burdock, &c. ; willow, poplar ; upon the axils
in heaps of the leaves
T. fimbria on primrose, broom, P. chi on dock, hawthorn,
and various trees sallow ; and probably lettuce,
N. xanthographa on plantain, &c. sow thistle, "tea tree," &c.
A. rufina on oak. Oval, with „ flavocincta ...to March, on dock,
a slight peak rising from the chickweed, groundsel, mint, &c. ;
centre, ribbed rather coarsely in gardens, on everlasting pea,
from base to centre ; dirty-pink, plum, &c.
brown round the base, and a M. oxyacanthae on hawthorn, sloe ;
conspicuous brown central spot rather large, distinctly ribbed
C. xerampelina...on ash; probably P. empyrea on pile wort, on the
in the chinks of the twigs, and leaf-stalks
the buds ; round, smooth, dirty- H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
white large, pale-yellow
LARVAE]
Many "good" species may be found this month in a state closely approach-
ing maturity, and about
"to keep
The lazy sabbath of a half-year's sleep."
Several of these, however, are wholly out of reach in the day time, hiding
among roots, in bark chinks, under leaves, stones, &c., and they are only to
be found, with the aid of a lantern, feeding, or searching about for attractive
pabulum, or a place of pupation,
' ' while, deep and wide,
The dim night settles on the country side."
Although a large number thus found this month speedily pupate, still a good
many which may be obtained by beating and sweeping, hibernate, some being
very small ; and unless the Collector is able to provide something approach-
ing the natural conditions of larval life, they are best left until the spring.
Their re-appearance at that season is duly recorded in the lists.
C. reclusa regularly appears twice a-year, in confinement ; but when at
large, its habits do not appear so regular. L. roboris will occasionaly feed
all the winter, if tolerably mild, and many other species will at times have a
nibble, if the food-plant is handy. The eggs of C. xerampelina occasion-
ally hatch this month, though generally later. The young larvae feed only by
night, on ash, though they will sometimes eat hawthorn, and guelder rose.
Now is the time when we find
"Acorns, ripe, down pattering,
While the autumn breezes sing ;"
and in these same acorns we find the larvae of two pretty little species, C.
splendana, and C. Juliana. The acorns should be collected as soon as
possible, before the larvae make their escape, and kept in a proper receptacle
in a cool place.
M 2
164
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVAE]
SEPTEMBER
L. sinapis Vicia cracca, and
Orobus tuberosus
P. brassicae cabbage, &c.
„ rapse Cruciferae, &c.
tl napi Cruciferae
„ Daplidice wild mignonette,
and weld
V. polychloros, s., h. ground shoots
of elm; will also eat osier, sallow,
aspen, and fruit trees. The
eggs of this species are s. laid
about this time, and hatch, and
the young larvae hibernate. It
is, however, generally supposed
that none of the Vanessae pair
until the spring
?( cardui thistles; will also
eat nettle
E. epiphron, h. probably on Nardus
stricta, and small rushes; in
mountain bogs
„ Medea, h. ...moorland poa, and
other grasses
S. ^Egeria, h. ...grasses
„ Megaera, h. ...grasses
„ Semele, h quaking grass,
couch grass, &c. ; on dry hill-
sides, &c.
„ lanira, h meadow grasses
„ Tithonus, h annual meadow
grass, &c.
„ hyperanthus, h. annual meadow,
millet, and other grasses
C. Davus, h. ...Rhyncospora alba
P. Hippothoe, h. great water dock
„ Phloeas, h. ..dock, ragwort, sorrel
L. Boetica Colluta arborescens
„ agestis, h. Erodium circutarium
„ Argiolus ivy, fl. The eggs
of this, the second brood, are
laid on the fl. -stalks ; the young
larvae burrow in the unexpanded
fl.-buds, feed up in the blossom,
and spin up on the underside of
a leaf ; the butterfly appearing
in April, or beginning of May
N. Lucina Primula
T. Tages, h Lotus corniculatus
H. Paniscus plantain, in rolled-
up leaves
H. linea, h grasses, inrolled-up
blades
S. populi poplar, sallow, wil-
low, &c.
„ tiliae elm, lime, beech
A. Atropos potato leaves; will
also eat "tea tree," jasmine,
ash, woody nightshade, snow-
berry, Lycium barbarum, elder,
thorn-apple, spindle, sweet pea,
&c. ; hides under sods
S. ligustri privet, lilac, ash,
holly, mountain ash, laurestinus,
guelder rose, evergreen oak, &c.
D. euphorbiae ...Euphorbia paralias
and cyparissias
,f galii Galium verum, and
G. elatum. (See last month's
note. ) This species is s. found
on the sand-hills at Deal, from
the first battery Southwards, as
far as the large sand-hills ex-
tend, and from the sea West-
ward, for two or three hundred
yards
C. celerio Galium, and vine
„ nerii oleander
M. stellatarum ...Galium Mollugo,
growing on old walls, exposed
to the sun
S. formicasformis, h. in osier stumps
,, muscaeformis in stems of Statice
armeria
„ bembeciformis, h. in the stems of
poplar, and sallow
„ apiformis, h. in poplar stems, & r.
Z. sesculi, h in the wood of ash,
elm, pear, horse chesnut, &c.
C. ligniperda . . .in the trunks of large
trees of ash, willow, elm, &c. ;
feeding on the wood, seldom
higher than 5ft. from the ground.
They may be found during this
month, or the next, full-fed,
under the bark which is an inch
or two under the ground . If it
is desired to feed them up,
care must be taken not to put
them into a wooden, or even a
brick receptacle, as they will be
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
165
LARVJE]
SEPTEMBER
sure to eat, or force their way O,
out. They are best kept in large
flower pots, wide-mouthed bot-
tles, or tin boxes, and supplied ,,
with fresh-cut, but not wet,
chips, and sawdust of their food, D,
or with decayed pieces, and
covered with glass, or wire
gauze, well secured. Keep a
sharp look-out for mildew B.
H. hectus, h. ...in r. of brake fern
, lupilinus, h. ...in r. of dead nettle,
&c.
,, velleda, h. ...in r. of brake fern „
„ humuli, h. ... in r. of various plants
L. asellus oak, beech, poplar
,, testudo oak „
S. phegea, h. ...doubtful native. On
the Continent it feeds from this „
month to May, on dandelion,
scabious, plantain, &c. ; pupa O.
under moss, and dried leaves L.
L. aureola, h. ...lichens, on oak,
larch, &c. O.
,, lurideola, h. ... lichens
„ rubricollis lichens, on larch, &c.
E. cribrum, h. ...heath, bilberry R.
C. Hera, h doubtful native. On V.
the Continent it feeds from this
month to May, on Echium vul- M,
garis, and various low plants
,r dominula, h. Cynoglossum offici- E.
nale, &c., on hilly places
E. russula, h. ...plantain, heath, &c. E.
C. plantaginis, h. violets, plantain, &c.
„ caia, h. . . .nettle, and various plants P.
„ villica, h chickweed, furze,
sloe, and other plants S.
A. fuliginosa, h. dock, nettle, plan-
tain, &c. „
L. chrysorrhoea, h. ...hawthorn, sloe,
blackberry, &c. O.
„ auriflua, h sloe, hawthorn,
oak, sallow, &c. A.
„ salicis, h poplar, willow, &c.
O. pudibunda ...hop, beech, haw-
thorn, nut, oak, &c. C.
„ fascelina, h. ...on hedges, dwarf
sallows, furze fl., heath, broom, B.
and various trees, and plants
gonostigma, h. oak, sallow, nut,
hawthorn, sloe, bramble, beech,
&c.
antiqua various trees, and
shrubs
coryli beech, nut, birch,
alder, oak, willow. Sometimes,
in confinement, the larvae feed
up, and emerge this month
rubi, h bramble, heath, &c. ;
generally hibernates full-bred ;
s. buries in the ground, until
the spring
roboris, h. . . hawthorn, dogwood,
bramble, broom, heath, ivy,
&c.
quercus, h. ...bilberry, &c. ; dog-
wood preferred
trifolii, h. . . .trefoil, clover, broom,
furze, &c.
potatoria, h. coarse grasses
quercifolia, h. bramble, sloe, sal-
low, willow, plum, &c.
sambucata, h. ivy, elder, holly,
bramble, and other trees, and
plants
cratsegata, h. hawthorn, sloe
maculata nettle, and other
plants
margaritata, h. oak, beech, birch,
hornbeam, &c.
fasciaria, h. ... Scotch fir ; rests
closely pressed upon a twig
dolobraria ...oak, beech, birch,
aspen
syringaria, h. lilac, privet, honey-
suckle, elder
illunaria willow, ash, haw-
thorn, oak, plum, &c.
illustraria oak, birch, ash,
beech, maple
bidentata oak, sallow, nut, ivy,
ash, sloe, &c.
betularia oak, elm, hawthorn,
birch, beech, alder, mountain
ash
lichenaria, h. lichens, on oak,
park palings, &c.
rhomboidaria, h. ivy, birch, oak,
plum, rose, lilac, elder, &c.
i66
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^I]
SEPTEMBER
B. abietaria, h. larch, spruce, Scotch
fir ; has been found on whortle-
berry ; will also eat birch, and
oak
,, cinctaria heath. In confine-
ment the impregnated females
deposited their eggs, by prefer-
ence, on sallow catkins
„ roboraria, h. oak ; h. on a twig,
which it much resembles
T. crepuscularia larch, willow, pop-
lar, elm, birch, alder, &c.
„ extersaria birch, beech, oak
G. obscurata, h. thyme, sun cistus,
Potentilla reptans, Poteriam
sanguisorba, &c. Feeds at
night ; hides by day under r. ,
stones, &c.
D. obfuscata, h. heath, vetch, &c.
G. papilionaria, h. nut, birch, alder,
beech, &c. ; about the m. of
this month, in the N., the larva
fastens itself to a twig, for the
winter
I. vernaria, h. ...Clematis vitalba
„ lactearia oak, birch
P. baiularia, h. oak
E. porata oak
„ punctaria oak
,, trilinearia ...beech
„ omicronaria ... maple ; s. beech
H. auroraria, h. plantain
A . luteata maple
„ Blomeraria ...wytch elm ; in, or
near hilly woods ; remains, on
the under-side of the leaves
E. heparata alder
V. cambricaria... mountain ash
A. rubricata, h. ? will eat knot-
grass, Lotus corniculatus, Medi-
cago lupulina, Thalictrum minus,
and the smaller Trifoliums
„ scutulata, h — Anthriscus sylves-
tris,fl., and dandelion, preferring
the withered leaves
„ bisetata, h. dandelion; will also eat
knotgrass, and withered bramble
tr contiguaria, h. Empetriumnigrum;
will also eat hawthorn buds, and
knotgrass
rusticata, h. . . .hawthorn ; will also
eat ivy, lilac, and withered
bramble
osseata, h. ...dandelion, &c.
interjectaria, h. dandelion, scarlet
pimpernel, withered
holosericata, h. sun cistus, withered
incanaria dandelion, ground-
sel ; will also eat knotgrass
ornata, s. , h. thyme, marjorum ;
will also eat mint
promutata, h. yarrow, mug wort,
creeping cinquefoil
immutata, h. some marsh plant ;
common in fens ; will also eat
knotgrass
strigilata, h. . . . Stachys sylvatica
emutaria, h. . . .Triticum repens ; in
salt marshes, on the coast ;
s^. will also eat Medicago lupulina,
Lotus corniculatus, Chenopo-
dium, mint, knotgrass
aversata, h primrose, goose-
berry, nut, Geum urbanum, &c.
degeneraria, h. ? will eat
bramble, knotgrass, Cerastium,
Veronica. Occurs at Portland
amataria, h. . . . dock, Polygonum,
and various plants ; may be
found on the underside of the
leaves, adhering to the veins
pusaria oak, nut, alder,
birch, sallow, &c.
rotundaria ...birch, sallow
temerata sloe, and wild cherry,
and buckthorn ?
alternata, b. sallow, sloe
notata, b. ...sallow
liturata larch, and Scotch fir
belgiaria, h. ...heath
atomaria, h. . . . Centaurea, trefoils,
&c.
piniaria Scotch fir, and larch
conspicuata . . .broom
euphorbiata... Euphorbia cypa-
rissias
dealbata, h. .. grasses
sacraria dock, chamomile,
and other Compositae ; will also
eat knotgrass
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
i67
LARVJE]
SEPTEMBER
A. ononaria rest harrow [&c. E.
A. gilvaria, h. Achillea millefolium,
A. ulmata wytch elm [lars „
L. marginata ..sallow, willow, pop-
P. hippocastanaria, h. heath ,,
L. csesiata, h. ... bilberry, whortle-
berry, heath
,r pectinitaria ...GaliumMollugo, G.
sexatile ; very sluggish „
E. alchemillata...Galeopsis ladanum,
G. tetrahit, Silene, Lychnis „
„ unifasciata ...Odontites rubra
„ blandiata eyebright „
E. centaureata ...ragwort, Angelica,
golden rod, &c.
„ succentureata... Achillea millefo- „
Hum, Artemisia, and Valerian
officinalis, seeds
"„ subfulvata Achillea millefo- C.
lium, and chrysanthemum
,, subumbrata ...Gentiana, Campan- L.
ula, and other fl., in, and near T.
beech woods Y.
„ helveticata ...juniper
„ satyrata Galium, scabious, „
and other fl. , in, and near beech
woods
„ castigata golden rod, heath, M.
nettle, Angelica, &c. M.
„ trisignata Angelica sylvestris, „
fl., and seeds „
„ virgaureata ...golden rod, fl. ,,
„ albipunctata...fl., and seeds of An- „
gelica sylvestris, Heracleum ,r
sphondylium, and Lythrium
salicaria A.
„ pimpinellata Pimpinellata magna, C.
and P. saxifraga (seeds) j also „
angelica
„ fraxinata ash; will eat fl. of „
laurestinus
„ innotata"? Artemisia campes- P.
tris ; at Wallasy „
„ constrictata... thyme S.
„ nanata, h. ...heath, fl.
„ subnotata Atriplex, £ Cheno- C.
— - podium, fl., and seeds „
„ companulata ...seed-capsules, of
Campanula trachelium, and „
other Campanulas
vulgata, 2. ...hawthorn, willow,
golden rod, ragwort, &c.
expallidata ...golden rod, fl. ; will
also eat Michaelmas daisy, &c.
absynthiata ...fl., and seeds of rag-
wort, Eupatorium cannabinum,
Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea
millefolium, golden rod, &c.
minutata, h. heath, fl., and sca-
bious ; s. a cannibal
knautiata Knautia arvensis,
fl., and seeds
assimilata ...black currant (on
underside of the leaves), and
hop (on the leaves, and 9 fl.)
exiguata hawthorn, black
currant, barberry, ash, alder,
sallow, &c.
sparsata Lysimachia vul-
garis, fl., and leaves
sexalata sallow, willow
juniperata ...juniper
.sallow, alder, bil-
ruberata
berry, &c.
impluviata ...alder,
curled-up
sallow ; in
leaves ; does not
change into a pupa until Dec.
albicillata ...bramble, raspberry
tristata Galium Mollugo
procellata ...Clematis vitalba
rivata ? Galium Mollugo
sociata Galium Mollugo
galiata, b. ..Galium sexatile
fluctuata, b cabbage, horse
radish, nasturtium, &c.
berberata, e. barberry
munitata, h. groundsel
propugnata primrose ? Cruci-
ferse? &c.
ferrugata Nepeta glechoma,
Galium, chick weed
tersata Clematis vitalba
lignata, h. ... Galium palustre, &c.
undulata sallow, poplars ;
between leaves
corylata sloe, lime, nut
suffumata, h. GaliumMollugo, and
ragwort
silaceata willow herb (Epilo-
bium), and Circsea lutetiana
i68
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV-E]
SEPTEMBER
P. comitata Chenopodium
E. lineolata Galium verum, on
the coast ; will also eat G.
sexatile, and G. Mollugo
C. obliquaria ...broom
P. lacertula birch ; between
united leaves
„ hamula oak, birch
„ unguicula beech
D. bicuspis alder, beech, birch
„ furcula sallow, willow,
f.
C.
B.
bifida poplars [nut
fagi beech, oak, birch, „
bucephala ...elm, oak, lime,
beech, sallow, nut, &c.
curtula poplars, sallow
reclusa between united leaves
of sallows, poplars, willows
palpina willows, sallows,
poplars, birch „
camelina oak, beech, birch,
maple, nut, alder, hawthorn, „
aspen, sallow, apple
cucullina maple, sycamore ,,
dictaea poplars, sallow, wil-
low S.
dictseoides ...birch L.
dromedarius... birch, alder, nut
trilophus birch, poplars
ziczac poplars, sallow, wil- S.
low, alder ; more frequently
found than the imago X.
Dodonea oak, birch
derasa bramble, hawthorn, D.
batis bramble, raspberry L.
duplaris birch ; between C.
united leaves
fluctuosa birch; between M.
united leaves
ocularis poplars
glandifera, h. ... lichens on walls; ,,
local. This species, and the
next, build a cocoon of silk and
earth, mortar, or crumbled A.
stone, like a blister on paint, ,,
in which they live, except C.
when they come out to feed,
in the night, or early morning,
especially in wet weather „
perla, h lichens, on walls
Orion oak, birch
tridens h awthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash,
&c.
psi hawthorn, poplar,
pear, elm, lime, &c.
1 eporina ...... birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
aceris sycamore, horse
chesnut, maple, birch, s. oak
strigosa, b. ...hawthorn; especially
in chalky districts
alni alder, oak, lime,
elm, beech, birch, sycamore,
poplar, nut, willow, sallow,
hawthorn, bramble, Spanish
chesnut, horse chesnut, rose.
Has been found, at rest, on
palings, &c.
ligustri ash, privet ; seems
to prefer shaded trees
auricoma, s. , 2. ? bramble,
bilberry, birch, oak
myricse Myrica gale, heath ?
thistle? sallow, birch
venosa Glyceria aquatica
obsoleta common reed, in
marshes, and fens ; concealed,
by day, in hollow stems
ulvse, h common reed ; in
marshes, and fens
hepatica, h. grasses, chickweed,
&c.
pinastri dock, sorrel, &c.
exigua plantain
cytherea, h grass ; in stony
places
brassicae cabbage, dock,
Chenopodium, chrysanthemum,
&c.
persicarise ...Polygonum persi-
caria, and other low plants ;
also elder
gemina, h. ...grasses
unanimis, h. grasses
Morpheus Sedum telephium,
sallow, bramble, docks, teazle,
&c.
alsines, h. ...chickweed, &c.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
169
LARVJE]
SEPTEMBER
C. cubicularis, h. grasses, pulse, grain
R. tenebrosa, h. violets, knotgrass,
and other low plants
A. Puta dandelion, lettuce,
carrot r., knotgrass, &c.
„ segetum, h. ...in r. of turnips, and
other Cruciferse, &c.
„ lunigera ? will eat knot-
grass, &c.
„ exclamationis, h. r. of cabbage,
grass, turnips, &c.
- „ corticea, h. ...Chenopodium, &c.
,, cinerea, h. ...r. of low plants
„ ripse Cynoglossum offici-
nale, on the coast ; burrows
7 or 8 in. in the sand
„ Ashworthii, h. fescue grass, hawk-
weed, sun cistus, thyme, heath,
harebell, &c.
N. augur, h low plants, haw-
thorn, sallow, &c.
„ nigrum, h. ...pea stems, and low
plants
tl rhomboidea, h. chickweed, sallow
„ festiva, h. ...violet, sallow, fox-
glove, &c.
„ Dahlii, h. ...various low plants
,, umbrosa, h. ...dock
D. carpophaga, s. ... Lychnis, and
Silena inflata, the young seeds
,, capsophila ... Silene maritima,
and S. inflata
„ capsincola ...Lychnis, and Silene,
seeds
„ conspersa Lychnis flos cuculi,
and Silene inflata, seeds
E. lucipara brake fern, & Poly-
podium filix-mas ; also sallow,
nettle, primrose, plantain, dan-
delion, &c.
birch, sallow, haw-
nebulosa, h.
thorn, &c.
tincta, h
low plants
advena, h.
birch, grass, and
lettuce, knotgrass,
and various plants
H. adusta, h. ...sallow; also low
plants, and hawthorn ; the larva
hibernates full-fed
,, chenopodii ...Chenopodium
H. atriplicis ...Chenopodium, dock,
Polygonum persicaria, &c.
^ oleracea elm, nettle, dock,
cabbage, &c.
„ pisi brake fern, broom,
sallow, birch, mountain ash,
scabious, Carex, grass
„ contigua birch, oak, nut, &c.
„ genistse broom, chickweed,
Silene, knotgrass, &c.
„ rectilinea, h. sallow, bilberry,
bramble
C. lychnitis seeds of white, and
black mullein
„ asteris golden rod, Trifo-
lium vulgare, and China aster
„ absynthii wormwood
„ umbratica Sonchus, lettuce
H. dipsacea Linaria, fl. ; also
Silene otites, seeds
A. myrtilli, s. h. heath
E. fuscula lavender grass (Mo-
linia caerulea). May be found
feeding, at night, about half way
up the blades of grass
A. urticse nettle
,, triplasia nettle, hop
P. chrysitis, h. ...Lappa, thistle, net-
tle, dead nettle, &c.
„ gamma nettle, hop, and
most low plants
M. typica, h. ...dock, low plants,
&c. ; gregarious until after h.
„ maura, h dock, chickweed,
ivy, &c.
P. senea Polygala vulgaris
H. crassalis heath
S. emortualis ...oak
H. derivalis, h. sallow, and bramble
„ barbalis, h. ...oak ; afterwards,
birch catkins
,, tarsipennalis, h. wild raspberry ?
will eat knotgrass, and sallow
„ grisealis Sisymbrium Sophia,
oak, &c.
P. punicealis Nepeta cataria, fl.-
heads
R. sanguinalis ...thyme, fl.
E. cingulalis, h. Sal via pratensis,
under the leaves
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
SEPTEMBER
B. lancealis Eupatorium canna- P.
binium, Senecio, Slum latifo- A.
Hum, &c.
„ terrealis, h. ...golden rod, fl., &c.; P.
hibernates nearly, if not quite, „
full-fed
„ urticalis nettle
E. sambucalis ...elder, convolvulus ; M.
may be found hiding, among ,,
the corymbs of elder C.
P. forficalis cabbage, horse- P.
radish, &c. „
S. palealis wild carrot, and „
Peucedanum ; in a web, within ,r
a fl.-head, of the umbels „
A. farrella ...Anthyllisvulneraria, fl. G.
H. nimbella .. chamomile „
„ nebulella heads of thistles; „
also China aster P.
?f saxicola fl. -heads of chamo- „
mile P.
C. bistrigella ...alder, between the E.
leaves
P. interpunctella on grain, figs, dried „
insects, &c. ; in corn, and
seed, and grocers' warehouses, „
&c.
N. angustella ...fruit of spindle S.
G. canella, b. ...Salsola kali ; mines „
the stems, when young ; after-
wards, feeds on the unripe C.
seeds
P. adelphella ...poplar, willow P.
„ abietella, h. ... young shoots of C.
Scotch fir, and decayed wood,
and cones
P. palumbella, h. Polygala „
R. formosella ...elm, birch O.
M. alveariella ...wax in beehives ; E.
some hibernate, and others
emerge next month S.
T. viburnana ... Myrica gale, and „
Vaccinium ,,
„ ministrana ...willow, nut, birch, „
buckthorn „
L. scabrana elm
P. Hastiana dwarf sallows, and
hawthorn D.
„ umbraria poplar, sallow, horn-
beam (?) „
tristana ..guelder rose
Conwayana... fruit of privet, nut?
ash?
prselongana ...birch
dimidiana ...Myrica, birch, sallow
marginana ... teazle, and probably
seed-heads of Composite
Ratzeburgiana ? Scotch fir
consequana ...Euphorbia paralias
musculana ...hawthorn, &c.
myrtellana ...Vaccinium
lundana trefoils, and vetches
derasana ...... Rhamnus frangula
Mitterpacheriana elm, oak
upupana (?)... oak, birch
nigromaculana ragwort
campoliliana in sallow leaves
geminana Vaccinium ; s. apple
tetraquetrana in leaves of birch
crenana? sallows, willows
oppressana ? poplar
cirsiana, h. ...in thistle, and knap-
weed stems ; in woods
Pfulgiana, h. in thistle, and knap-
weed stems ; in open places
nigricostana, h. Stachys, r.
trigeminana ...ragwort
ianthinana ...hawthorn berries
rufillana umbels of wild
carrot
vacciniana . . . Vaccinium, and Ber-
beris
mercuriana ? Dryas octopetala
splendana ...in acorns ; to be
collected as soon as possible,
and kept cool ; also walnuts
grossana in beech nuts
funebrana ...in plums
pisana in pea pods, and
vetches
Weirana beech
redimitana . . . oak
germarana ...in plums
roseticolana . . .hips of roses
orobana in pods of Vicia
cracca, V. sylvatica, Orobus
tuberosus, and Genista tinctoria
plumbana ... pods of vetches ?
&c.
plumbagana Achillea millefolium
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
171
.mint, stems
in r. of Picris hiera-
.in stems, and r. of
LARVJE]
P. Rheediana wild
apple
C. Juliana? acorns
)( microgrammana? Ononis ?
„ fulvana heads of Centaurea
scabiosa
,r Hohenwarthiana knapweed, and
thistle
„ scopoliana ...Centaurea, heads
„ citrana Artemisia campes-
tris
E. dubitana Hieracium, fl., and
other Compositse
„ atricapitana... stems of ragwort
,, maculosana ? raspberries ?
„ hybridellana thistle, and ragwort,
seeds
„ notulana? .
C. tesserana, h.
cio'ides
A. badiana
burdock
„ maritimana ...in stems, and r. of
Eryngium maritimum
C. dilucidana ...in stems of parsnip
„ stramineana... Centaurea, heads
,, alternana Centaurea scabiosa,
heads
„ inopiana in r. of Artemisia
campestris
T. hyemana hawthorn
L. salicella dog rose ; between
united leaves
D. fagella ...on most trees ;
between united leaves
E. Steinkellneriella hawthorn, moun-
tain ash, sloe, &c. ; between
turned-down leaves
T. misella ...in dried stems of
beans, and unthrashed wheat
„ bistrigella birch
L. prselatella, h. in a flat case, on
underside of wild strawberry
I. muscalella, h. rose, &c.
A. fibulella in a flat case, on
leaves of Veronica chamsedrys
„ rufimitrella ...Cardamine pratense
N. scabiosellus, h. various low plants
„ cupriacella, h. various low plants
S. comptella sloe, and plum
SEPTEMBER
plum, and S. csesiella hawthorn, and apple
griseocapitella birch
,, lutarella ...... hawthorn
„ pyrella ............ hawthorn, apple,
pear, &c.
Y. viginipunctella Sedum telephium
A. decemguttella Lithospermum
P. xylostella ...... turnip, &c.
E. lobelia ......... under turned-down
sloe leaves
D. depressella ...seed-heads of wild
carrot
G. malvella ...... hollyhock, seeds
„ ericetella, h. Erica cinerea, E.
tetralix, and Calluna erica
„ acuminetella in thistle leaves
„ aleella ......... moss
„ tenebrella, h. in r., and lower
stem of Rumex acetosella
„ lathyrella ...... - ?
„ notatella ...... sallow
„ atriplicella Atriplex, and Cheno-
podium, seed heads ^
„ triparella ..... oak, between united
leaves
„ nigricostella... lucerne, between
united leaves
„ intaminatella Lotus corniculatus
P. lappella ...... knapweed, and bur-
dock, seeds
M. fasciella ...... sloe
„ ustulella, h.... nut, birch, lime,
maple, hornbeam, &c.
CE. flavimaculella Angelica, seeds
„ stipella ......... under bark of dead
fir trees
„ flavifrontella, h. in a case, on beech
B. torquatella ...birch, elm
„ incongruella... Erica, and Calluna
T. stanneella ...oak
resplendella... alder
oak
mining leaves of
G. alchimiella .
„ Kollariella
broom
„ stigmatella
poplar
„ syringella
sallow, willow,
privet, lilac, ash
omissella ..... Artemisia vulgaris
phasianipennella ...... Polygonum
hydropiper, and sorrel
172
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
SEPTEMBER
G. auroguttella... willow herb, and E.
Hypericum
„ imperialella Symphytum officinale „
O. avellanella ...nut
„ anglicella hawthorn, sloe T.
„ betulsevorella birch „
,f scutulatella ? birch L.
„ torquilella ...sloe ,,
„ Scoticella mountain ash
„ Loganella ...birch „
„ guttella apple, in turned- „
down leaves ,,
G. atriplicivorella, h. Atriplex „
C. paripennella in a case, flat, on „
leaf of birch, rose, sloe, „
bramble, &c. „
„ saturatella, h. broom „
„ inflatella Silene inflata, seeds „
,, therinella thistles „
„ csespititiella, h. rushes, seeds „
„ annulatella ...seeds of Atriplex, „
— and Chenopodium
„ argentulella ...seeds of yarrow „
„ virgaureella... seeds of golden rod „
„ laricella, h — larch M
„ fuscocuprella, h. nut „
ii gryphipennella, h. rose „
„ viminetella, h. sallow, and osier „
tr artemisicolella, h. fl. of Artemisia ,,
vulgaris, and A campestris „
„ melilotella ...seeds of melilot ,,
„ Wilkinsonella birch „
B. somnulentella Convolvulus „
S. pedella in fruit of alder „
C. Druriella hop ' *-'• '„
„ orichalcella ...in leaves of Festuca „
arundinacea „
„ Lienigiella in leaves of „
Phragmites communis „
C. chserophyllella, b. most Umbel- „
liferse „
„ daucella ? ...wild carrot „
L. atra hawthorn berries, „
and shoots of apple L.
C. flavicapitella, h. in twigs of haw-
thorn, in which it bores P.
A. profugella ...gentian, seed C.
„ terminetella...Circsea lutetiana „
A. Treitschkiella dogwood „
E. cinereopunctella, h. Carexglauca B.
tseniatella, h Brachypodium
sylvaticum
Megerlella Brachypodium,
Bromus, Aira, &c.
complanella. . .oak
angusticolella rose
hortella oak
lantanella, h. Viburnum lantana;
best collected in Nov.
quinqueguttella dwarf sallows
irradiella oak
Bremiella vetches
lautella oak
cavella birch
pomifoliella . . . apple, hawthorn
corylella nut, birch
spinicolella ...sloe
faginella beech
torminella ...Sorbus torminalis
salicolella sallow
viminetella ...osier
carpinicolella hornbeam
ulmifoliella ...birch
spinolella sallow, willow
quercifoliella oak, willow
corylefoliella hawthorn
Caledoniella . . . hawthorn, birch
viminiella osier, sallow
ulicolella furze
alnifoliella . . . alder
Heegeriella...oak
Cramerella ...oak
tenella hornbeam
acerifoliella ...maple
emberizaepennella honeysuckle
Frolichiella . . .alder
Nicelliella ...alder
Stettinella ...alder
Klemannella alder
Schreberella elm
tristrigella ...elm
trifasciella . . . honeysuckle
comparella ...poplar
Clerckella ...sloe, apple, cherry,
hawthorn, &c.
salignella willows
laburnella ...laburnum
scitella hawthorn, apple, &c.
Wailesella . . . Genista tinctoria
cidariella alder
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
173
LARVAE]
SEPTEMBER
B. ulmella oak
„ Demaryella . . . birch
„ frangulella ...buckthorn
,, cristatella, h. yarrow
N. intimella sallows
„ subbimaculella oak
„ trimaculella... poplar
„ floslactella ...nut, hornbeam
„ salicivorella . . . sallows
„ myrtillella ...bilberry
„ microtheriella nut, hornbeam
„ betulicolella... birch
„ ignobilella ...hawthorn
„ argentipedella birch
. . acetosella sorrel
plagicolella ...sloe
prunetella ...sloe
tityrella .
malella...
..beech
..wild apple
angulifasciella rose
atricolel] apple, hawthorn
N. arcuosella ...strawberry
„ gratiosella ...hawthorn
„ marginecolella elm
„ alnetella alder
„ glutinosella ...alder
„ continuella ...birch
„ splendidissimella ...bramble, and
dewberry ; rarer in wild rasp-
berry
„ luteella birch
„ regiella hawthorn
„ tilaeella lime
P. zophodactylus Erythrsea centau-
rium
„ pterodactylus convolvulus
,, tephradactylus, h. golden rod, in
shady places
„ serotinus Galium Mollugo
„ osteodactylus, h. golden rod
,, microdactylus Eupatorium canna-
binum
PUP^E]
All who are bent upon doing "the right thing," as regards pupae, should
not fail to study the Rev. Joseph Greene's "Insect Hunter's Companion." To
that gentleman we are indebted for, many years ago, raising the operation of
obtaining subterranean pupae to the dignity of an art. This is the month re-
commended for a commencement, in earnest, of this work, as a large number
of summer, and autumn species have pupated, and other collecting work is
on the wane ; while it is desirable to get early possession of pupae before
mice, birds, flooding, &c., exercise their destructive influence. The pupae-
hunter is rewarded with specimens in the finest condition, and often with
interesting varieties. Most subterranean pupae are to be found at from I in.
to 3 in. in depth, close to, or not far from, their food-plants ; some species,
however, in a light soil go much deeper, particularly A. Atropos, P. Cassinea,
T. populeti, C. vetusta, and C. exoleta. Sandy, or gravelly soils are the
most favourable for those species which "go to earth ;" and they are seldom
found in sticky, or clayey soils, or if so, not far from the surface, if not
amongst the first superficial layer of rubbish. The roots of grass, &c.,
afford a favourite hiding-place to many. Those species which spin up, do so
either on, or near, or just beneath their food-plants ; or among grass, moss,
or rubbish ; or on palings, walls, &c., contiguous. So that, as in the case of
subterranean pupae, an abundance of the food-plant peculiar to a species,
may sometimes guide us to a successful search.
When pupae are obtained, they should be preserved in as natural conditions
as possible, and should not be exposed to sunshine, or kept in the dry air of
a living room. An outhouse, or cellar is to be preferred ; but they must be
protected from spiders, mice, beetles, &c. , and should be kept in sufficiently
174
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUP^E]
SEPTEMBER
open cages to allow of the free expansion of wings, and of ready examination
of the imago on emergence. Too much damp must be guarded against, or
mould will exercise a fatal effect. Although emergence -nay be looked for,
often with surprising certainty, at the exact time the imago is due, a warm
season will hasten, and a cold one will retard, the period ; and some species
will remain in pupa for many years, a portion, only, of the same brood,
appearing in successive years. Mr. Doubleday suggests that this may often
cause the non-appearance of a species, for several years. Among those which,
sometimes, remain more than one year in pupa, besides those mentioned in
the lists are S. carpini, B. rubi, B. callunse, B. roboris, N. camelina, N.
cucullina, N. dictsea, N. dromedarius, N. ziczac, N. Chaonia, N. Dgdonea,
E. unifasciata.
P. Machaon on stems of Peu-
cedanum palustre ; in fens
P. brassicae ... ) , . ., ,.
rar>se V to APn1' on Palmgs>
;; Tpf ::::::::: \ *•"•. *«•
V. c-album, b.... among nettle, and
on walls, &c.
„ cardui on, or near thistles
N. Lucina attached to leaf-
stalk of Primula
S. populi to April, sub., at r.
of poplar, willow, &c.
M. fuciformus ...to April, in a loose
web, among Lychnis, Scabiosa,
&c., on the surface
A. mendica to May, under moss,
on trees, and on the ground
„ lubricepeda...to May, spun up, on
trees, palings, &c.
„ menthrasti ...to May, spun up, on
trees, palings, &c.
O. pudibunda ...to April, in dead
leaves, under moss, &c.
,, antiqua from July, in a web,
on palings, &c.
P. populi ... spun up, against
oak, poplar, &c. ; near, or just
beneath, the ground
E. lanestris cocoon on the
ground, near hawthorn, &c. ; s.
more than one year in pupa
E. versicolora spun up, among
fallen leaves, at birch ; s. more
than one year in pupa
S. illunaria to March, sub., at
willow, oak, &c.
„ lunaria .at sloe, oak, nut, &c.
O. bidentata . . .to April, under moss,
on various trees
H. pennaria sub., at oak
P. pilosaria to Dec., sub., at
oak, and elm
N. zonaria sub., on sand-hills
„ hispidaria ...at oak
B. hirtaria to Mar., sub., at
elm, lime, ash, and fruit trees
A. prodromaria sub., at oak, elm,
&c. ; just beneath the surface
H. abruptaria ...to April, spun up,
on twigs, or between the forks,
or beneath the branches, of
lilac, rose, or privet
N. viridata to April, between
united leaves of hawthorn, or
bramble
E. porata to May ; fastened to
leaf of oak
„ punctaria fastened to leaf of
oak, or birch
,, trilinearia ...to April; fastened
to leaf of beech, the margin of
the leaf often curling over, and
concealing the pupa
„ pendularia .. fastened to leaf of
birch
C. temerata to April, in slight
cocoon among sloe, and wild
cherry, and probably buck-
thorn
N. pulveraria ... to April, in withered
sallow leaves, &c.
F. carbonaria ... to April, among dead
leaves of sallow and birch, on
the ground
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
SEPTEMBER
L. adustata to April, in a slight A.
cocoon, just beneath the surface ;
among spindle
H. rupicapraria in a web, on the „
ground ; among oak, sloe, &c. C.
„ leucophearia on the ground; near C.
oak
,, aurantiaria ...sub., at hawthorn,
birch, oak, &c. „
it progemmaria sub., at oak, birch,
hornbeam, &c.
„ defoliaria sub., at oak, haw- „
thorn, sloe, hornbeam, nut, elm,
&c.
C. brumata sub., at oak, &c. „
L. multistrigaria sub., about Galium
E. decolorata ... about Lychnis dioica
E. venosata about Silene, and C.
Lychnis D.
Ir consignata ...to April, probably
under moss, and loose bark, in „
apple orchards
,f linariata to April, among yel- „
low toadflax
„ pulchellata ...to April, among the
seeds, and dead fl. of foxglove P.
„ isogrammata to May, about Cle- C.
matis vitalba
„ fraxinata to April, on ash;
under moss, and loose bark N.
„ nanata to May, about heath „
„ vulgata sub., about various
plants, and trees
„ expallidata ...to June, about golden
rod ; s. more than one year in „
pupa
„ minutata to May, about heath C.
„ assimilata ...to April, in crevices;
about currant, and hop „
„ exiguata about oak, &c.
„ dodoneata ...about oak ; s. more
than one year in pupa „
L. viretata to April, in spun-
up leaves of privet A.
M. ocellata among Galium ;
spun up, near the ground „
M. subtristata ...to April, sub., near
Galium
„ galiata to May, sub., near N.
Galium
badiata in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, beneath dog rose
bushes
derivata sub., at dog rose
fluviata spun up, in moss, &c.
psittacata spun up, among
rubbish at r. of oak, lime,
apple, rose
miata at r. of oak, alder,
birch, poplar, willow ; on the
surface, among grass, &c.
picata to May, in a slight
cocoon, on the surface, among,
or near chickweed
sagittata to June, spun up,
about Thalictrum, or on the
ground, near ; in fens
obliquaria ...among broom
furcula to May, spun up, on
trunk of willow, or sallow
bifida to April, spun up,
on trunk of poplars
vinula spun up, on trunk
of willows, poplars, and sallow ;
3 ft. or 4 ft. from the ground
Cassinea sub., at oak, deep
curtula to Mar. , spun up,
between dead leaves of poplars,
and sallow
carmelita sub. , at birch
trepida to April, sub., at
oak ; cocoon tough, but not
always coated with earth ; s.
more than one year in pupa
Chaonia to April, sub., at
oak
or at birch, among dead,
or united leaves
ocularis at poplars ; near
the surface of the ground, or
spun against the tree
flavicornis ...to Feb., between
united birch leaves
megacephala to April, under loose
bark of poplar
alni between leaves of
various trees ; or inside bramble
sticks
typhse, b. ...in stems of Typha
latifolia
i76
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUP^E]
SEPTEMBER
instabilis
stabilis
flavago inside thistle, and A.
burdock stems, about 3 in. from H.
the ground
piniperda at Scotch, and other ,,
firs ; in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin ; in crevices
of bark, or under moss, and „
fallen needles ; rarely within 2
ft. of the tree ; Ij^ in. to 2 in. C.
deep
gothica at various trees ;
just beneath the surface
leucographa ) at r. of low plants ; „
rubricosa . . . ) below the surface
at r. of various trees;
just below the
surface „
opima at r. of Rosa spino-
sissima, and dwarf sallow ; „
below the sand, on sand-hills,
in the N. „
populeti sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra ; deep „
gracilis sub., at willows, „
sallows, and low plants
miniosa among fallen leaves, H.
&c.
munda under moss, at base A.
of oaks B.
cruda sub. , at oak
macilenta ...sub., in an oval B.
cocoon, at beech, and birch
serena to May, sub., near
Sonchus, and lettuce P.
Aprilina, b. ...sub., at oak
glauca to May, sub., near
sallow, and birch
oleracea to April, sub., near
elm, nettle, dock, &c. ; also in
kitchen gardens
thalassina to May, sub., near
honeysuckle, sallow, broom, &c.
verbasci to April, in a large
tough, earthen cocoon, below
the surface ; near mullein, and
figwort
lychnitis to April, in an
earthen cocoon, near white,
and black mullein ; s. 2 yrs. in
pupa
asteris to April, near golden
rod, &c. ; s. 2 yrs. in pupa
gnaphalii to April, near golden
rod
absynthii to April, near worm-
wood
chamomillse near chamomile, &c.
umbratica ...to May, sub., near
Sonchus, &c.
marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
myrtilli spun up, in heath
argentula to May, among grass,
on the ground
parthenias ...to Mar., at birch,
in crevices of bark, or on the
ground
pterodactylus on Convolvulus
IMAGOS]
Although the freshly-emerged species this month, are not numerous, many
of them are very local, or rare. L. Bcetica, which has occasionally been
taken recently, may possibly be found more frequently if diligently sought
for, as it may have been overlooked among the common L. Alexis. S. con-
volvuli, D. lineata, and C. celerio occasionally come to flowers, and have
been taken at rest in strange places, and on strange substances. The beauti-
ful D. pulchella should be sought for in the day time in stubble-fields. S.
sacraria is also a day-flyer, but frequents no special locality. The grand
blue underwing, C. fraxini, has been found at rest. Some of the hiber-
nating species, which may be found this month, are also rare. The bait of
sugar should be continued to be employed this month, until the ivy blossoms
come out. On hills,, and in sunny spots, these blossoms expand much earlier
than in colder, and damper situations.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR 177
IMAGOS] SEPTEMBER
The Collector may be reminded that the character of the locality he is
working, and the nature of the species he is seeking, must largely determine
his method of search and capture, not forgetting the fact that however far
Moths may fly, they generally return, for rest, to, or near, what were their
food-plants when larvae. All kinds of places form a harbour for insects.
The beating-stick should be energetically applied to heaps of dry rubbish,
masses of grass, reeds, weeds, &c., tangled under-growth, haystacks, and
thatch (the latter harbours many Depressariae, &c. ); while "scarecrows,"
tree-trunks (especially those exuding sap), leaves, flowers, blackberries, fallen
fruit, palings, posts, fences, walls, heaps of stone or sticks, logs of wood,
outhouses, eaves, &c., all furnish lodgment-space, and a means of conceal-
ment, to various species, and should be vigilently scanned. Indeed, vigilence
is especially required, for many species closely resemble the substances on
which they are in the habit of resting.
" Second appearances " are this month becoming more common than before.
Among the Sphinges and Bombyces, especially, it is not unusual to find two
series of transformations in the twelve-months ; but by a wise provision of
nature, the development of a portion of the brood is sometimes retarded.
With some of the Geometrinae three broods are regularly obtained in con-
finement ; while some of the Bombyces, Psychidae, and Coleophorse, require
twenty-four months, and even more, to enable them to complete their round
of metamorphoses. And sometimes even the date of their advent in the
winged state is further delayed by their remaining in the chrysalis state for
two, or three, and sometimes as many as four, or five seasons.
G. rhamni, h. ...woods, &c. A. Atropos at rest, on palings,
C . Edusa, h clover fields, railway &c.
banks, &c. S. convolvuli ...at fl., at dusk
„ Hyale, h in clover fields, &c. D. euphorbias, m. on the coast
A. Latona fields, woods, &c. „ lineata at fl., at dusk
V. c-album, 2., h. at blackberries, C. celerio at fl., at dusk
and fl. ; may be found hanging M. stellatarum, 2. , h. at fl. ; flies by
to underside of leaves, in dull day, and in the evening, and s.
weather at moonlight
„ urticae, h D. pulchella in stubble fields ; a
„ polychloros, h. about elms day flyer
,, Antiopa, h. ...attracted by ivy fl., C. plantaginis, s., 2
and cossus-infected trees O. antiqua
„ lo, h at fl. D. coryli, s
„ Atalanta, h.... at fl., and fallen fruit, T. crataegi comes to 1.
in orchards R. crataegata, 2. hedges, &c.
,, cardui, h at fl. E. alniaria
C. Pamphilus ... „ tiliaria comes to 1.
P. Phlceas at fl. ; at rest, on „ fuscantaria ...comes to 1.
sorrel, &c., at night „ erosaria
L. Bcetica „ angularia on trees; comes to 1.
„ Alexis at fl. ; maybefound H. pennaria
on cold, windy days, and at N. zonaria
night, at rest, on grass stems, P. baiularia, s....a second brood s.
&c., in hollows, on hills appears in confinement •
N
i78
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
SEPTEMBER
A. promutata, 2.
„ immutata, s., 2.
S. Sacraria flies by day; has
been taken at fl., at sugar, and 1.
O. dilutata
„ filigrammaria
T. variata, h. ...
„ firmata..,
M. galiata, 2. ...
C. fluviata, h. ...comes to 1.
P. polygrammata damp meadows ;
very local
C. psittacata, h. comes to 1.
„ miata, h
„ picata, 2 s. in confinement
„ immanata ...
E. cervinaria ...
A. plagiata, 2 —
C. spartiata
P. lacertula, s., 2. beaten, from birch
P. bucephala ...at rest
D. cseruleocephala at light
T. batis, 2
C. diluta
B. algae
A. psi., s
„ alni
L. vitellina
„ albipuncta ...at fl.
„ extranea on scabious fl.
,, 1-album
N. fulva s. abundant in one
corner of a meadow
, , typhse in marshes
„ lutosa in marshes
G. flavago, s. ...
H. nictitans at ragwort, and
thistle fl.
„ petasitis among butter burr
„ micacea comes to 1.
A. Australis among grass; comes
to 1.
H. popularis, b. comes to 1.
„ hispida
C. graminis, b. on commons ; s. at
ragwort, and thistle, fl.
L. testacea conies to 1.
lr cespitis hides in grass, by
day ; comes to 1.
M. literosa ,
C.
Haworthii
cubicularis
Puta, h. ..
suffusa, h.
saucia, h.
agathina
. .hides in thatch
.at ivy ; comes to 1.
.beaten, from heath,
in the day time ; flies over the
fl., and rests on them, at night
prsecox on sand-hills, by the
coast
..on heaths
..comes to 1.
..on heaths
..at fl., at night
..at ivy, and yew
and yew
D.
glareosa .
c-nigrum .
Dahlii ....
neglecta .
lota
macilenta.
berries
rufina at ivy
pistacina at ivy
lunosa comes to 1., and ivy
litura at ivy
vaccinii, h. ...at ivy
spadicea, h. at ivy
erythrocephala, h.
satellitia, h. ...at ivy
rubiginea, h. at ivy,
berries
croceago, h. at fl.
citrago at 1. , and ivy ; this,
and the two following, may be
found on the leaves, and twigs
of lime trees, at night
cerago
silago
aurago at ivy
gilvago at fl.
ferruginea at fl .
xerampelina...at 1., and at rest, on
ash trunks
retusa comes to 1.
fulvago, b. ...at heath fl.
ochroleuca, b. at fl. ; rests on knap-
weed, and thistles, &c.
chi on tree trunks
xanthomista...
flavocincta ...at ivy ; rests on
walls, &c.
templi, e., h. usually found by
turning over stone-heaps, in
elevated districts ; comes to 1.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
179
IMAGOS] SEP ^EMBER
E. lutulenta, b. ...at heath fl.
„ nigra at iv
ivy
the
lichenea on the coast
M. oxyacanthge...at fl.
A. Aprilina
P. meticulosa, 2. at ivy
,, empyrea at ivy
A. occulta at rest, early in the
morning ; unquiet when boxed
H. protea on tree trunks
,, peregrina
C. solidaginis ...at rest
C. vetusta, h. ...at ivy
„ exoleta, h. ...at ivy
X. lambda, e. ... [trunks
„ furcifera, h. ...at ivy, and on tree
„ rhizolitha, h. at ivy, and on tree
trunks
„ semibrunnea, h. at ivy
„ petrificata, h. at ivy
H. marginata ... [herbage
„ peltigera may be started from
„ armigera at ivy
A. luctuosa flies in the sunshine,
over fl., in clover fields, &c.
P. gamma
G. libatrix, h. ...in cellars, and on
palings, trees, &c.
A. pyramidea ...
„ tragopogonis hides in windows
S. anomala at heath fl., and
flying alonghedgerows, at night;
remains fine but a very few
days after emergence
C. fraxini at rest on walls, &c.
„ nupta at rest, on walls,
tree-trunks, &c. ; soon alarmed
when approached ; comes to 1.
H. rostralis, h. ...in gardens, &c.
H. tarsipennalis, 2. woods
P. fimbrialis comes to 1.
„ farinalis 2? ...at rest in, and near
stables, corn stores, &c.
„ glaucinalis ... beat en from thatch ;
also at 1.
B. asinalis, 2. ...comes to 1.
E. catalaunalis...at fl.
S. ferrugalis at fl., and sugar ;
flies ^at dusk, and can be beaten
from hedges
N 2
S. decrepitalis, 2?
S. hybridalis, 2. among grass, and
clover
S. murana . among heath
„ coarctalis, h. on mossy walls
E. ocellea, b., h. comes to 1.
C. tristellus
T. Pryorella
E. ficella in corn, and seed
warehouses, among oilcake, £c.
N. angustella, 2
M. cephalonica
N. genistella, h. Ulex europceus
G. cerella
S. Revayana, h. woods
L. literana on oak trunks
„ scabrana among elm
P. sponsana woods
„ variegana ...hedges
„ cristana among sallows, and
hawthorn
„ Hastiana ....
„ maccana ....
,, umbrana
„ ferrugana . . . .
„ tristana ....
,, lipsiana ....
„ comariana .,
G. ncevana ..
P. crenana, h.
heaths
P. ophthalmicana among aspens
„ occultana among young firs
,, Solandriana...
„ sordidana among alder, in fens,
and marshes
E. bimaculana ...woods
R. pinicolana ...among Scotch fir
D. acuminatana
C. ulicetana among furze
X. Fabriciana ...
„ pariana
E. anthemidana, 3. chalk districts
L. phryganella . . .
T. pellionella ...common, in houses
„ fuscipunctella
„ pallescentella in warehouses, and
poulterer's shops
Y. evonymella ... among Prunuspadus
H. radiatella, h.
..among sallows
..woods
..boggy heaths, & fens
, . . among holly
...on most Northern
i8o
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
IMAGOS]
SEPTEMBER
G.
sylvella C.
asperella among apple B.
scabrella among crab apple; A.
rests on tansy fl. , at dusk
caudella, h among Eunonymus R.
europoeus
pallorella, h. among brushwood A.
umbellella ...among furze „
arenella, h. ...
propinquella, h. Z.
subpropinquella, h. G.
alstnemeriella, h. among Conium ,,
ciniflonella, h. Rannoch
vaccinella, h. Lytham „
capreolella, h. „
hypericella ...among Hypericum „
conterminella, h. among sallows (l
angelicella among Angelica „
sylvestris
ocellella among sallow „
Yeatesiella ...in fens, &c. „
applanella, h. C.
ciliella, h. ... [vulgaris
granulosella... among Anthriscus (l
rotundella ... Howth, Lancashire, „
Folkestone, &c. B.
albipunctella, h. L.
chserophyllivorella, h.
nervosella ... „
badiella „
discipunctella
heracliella, h. L.
olerella. near Hazlemere, L.
beaten from thatch
hippophaella „
cuneatella ... [slack P.
Lyellella Castle Eden, Wither- „
celerella on coast sand-hills
costella among Solanum B.
dulcamara P.
vicinella Belfast, Brighton ,,
junctella Witherslack, Lake
District, &c. ,r
Hubnerella ...Carlisle, nr. Wake-
field, Manchester, &c. ,,
paupella near Lewisham, A.
Folkestone, Lewes
conscriptella ..Witherslack
chenopodiella
betulella Castle Eden, and
High Force ; beaten out
Erxlebenella, b among lime
underwood
semitestacella, b. among beech
spiniella, b among mountain
ash, on moors
fasciapennella the Pentlands
stigmatella ...among willow, &c.
stramineella... Castle Eden, Lake
District, and Stirlingshire
hemidactylella
falconipennella near London
semifasciella
populetella, h.
elongella among alder, and
yew
phasianipennella, h.
ononiella Cambs, Mickleham
Brogniartella Yorks, Lake
District, Cambs
cuculipennella, h. among privet
citrinella, b.
somnulentella
epilobiella, h. among Epilobium
hirsutum
decorella, h. among Epilobium
subbistrigella, h. ... Witherslack,
Worthing, Devon
trifasciella . . .among honeysuckle
Clerckella, h. among sloe, and
fruit trees
padifoliella ...
suffusella, h. among sallow
salignella, h. among willows, near
London
ulmella among oak
acanthodactylus on heaths
punctidactylus Lake District,
Birkenhead, Bristol, Farnham
pterodactylus, h. ...among Convol-
vulus
monodactylus among Convolvulus
polydactyla, h. ...among honey-
suckle, and in windows
OCTOBER
OVA]
V. polychloros, s. on elm ; s. sallow,
and poplar ; in regular batches,
globular, glassy, brownish
T. quercus on oak twigs
,, w-album on wytch elm, also
elm ; on the twigs
„ pruni on sloe twigs
„ betulse on sloe [sorrel
P. phloeas on dock, ragwort,
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per-
pusillus ; white
L. Argiolus on ivy, fl. ; white
H. comma on trefoil, and other
Leguminosse
L. dispar on sloe, hawthorn,
fruit trees ; on the trunks, in a
heap, covered with down
„ monacha on oak, beech, fir,
birch, apple, &c.
T. cratsegi to March, on haw-
thorn ; also s. sloe, sallow,
birch, oak
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe,
fruit trees ; in batches, round
twigs, and branches
,, castrensis ...on Artemisia mari-
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c.
E. vespertaria ...on nut [sallow
,, apiciaria on poplar, willow,
C. elinguaria ...on oak, honeysuckle,
hawthorn, sloe ; also heath,
bilberry, &c.
H. pennaria to April, on oak
F. pinetaria on bilberry
E. subciliata on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf
M. rubiginata ...on alder; large
S. vetulata on buckthorn
C. immanata probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry,
bilberry, &c. ; large
„ prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe ; on the bark, large
„ testata on heath, birch, sal-
low, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
C. populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
„ fulvata on dog rose ; rose-
pink, large
„ pyraliata on Galium, and haw-
thorn ; large
„ dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
C. spartiata to April, on broom
T. chaerophyllata on Anthriscus syl-
vestris, and Bunium flexuosum
D. cseruleocephala on hawthorn, sloe;
E.
Australis on succory, Poa
annua, &c.
xerampelina...on ash, probably in
the chinks of the twigs, and
the buds
subtusa upon twigs of poplar
retusa on sallow, willow,
poplar ; upon the axils of the
leaves
lota on willow, and sallow;
upon the axils of the leaves ;
hatch in the spring
pistacina on buttercup, &c.
lunosa on grasses
chi on dock, hawthorn,
sallow, and probably lettuce,
sowthistle, tea tree, &c.
flavocincta to Mar., on dock,
chickweed, groundsel, mint,&c. ;
in gardens, on everlasting pea,
plum, &c.
lutulenta on Lithospermum
arvense, and probably other
low plants
lichenea on ragwort, and
probably other plants ; on the
coast
empyrea on pilewort ; on the
leaf-stalks
. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, pale yellow
182
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
OCTOBER
Many of the larvae met with this month hibernate. The others will be
found nearly full-fed, and may be expected to change this month, or the next.
The eggs of C. xerampelina often hatch this month. The young larvae
feed only by night, on ash, though they will eat hawthorn, and guelder rose.
Sometimes they attain a fair size before they hibernate ; but at others they
remain quite small ; and occasionally even the larvae do not hatch until
November or December. Then it is, when the buds of the ash being small,
and hard, the hawthorn, or guelder rose may be found useful as a substitute.
L. sinapis Vicia cracca, and S.
Orobus tuberosus
P. crataegi, h. ...hawthorn, sloe, and C.
orchard trees
A. Paphia, h. ...dog violet, and sweet C.
violet
„ Aglaia, h. ...dog violet, and sweet
violet, and wild heartsease L.
„ Niobe, h. ...dog violet, and sweet
violet „
„ adippe, h. ...dog violet, and sweet „
violet
„ Latona, h. ...dog violet, and sweet D.
violet, and wild heartsease
fl Euphrosyne, h. ) in a web at r. of
„ Selene, h \ violets, &c. R.
M. Artemis, h — Scabious, plantain ; A.
in batches, under a web under
leaves ; also eats woodbine, &c. S.
„ Cinxia, h. ...Plantago lanceolata
„ Athalia, h. ...narrow-leaved plan- A.
tain, foxglove, wild germander
L. sibylla, h. ...honeysuckle; under
a leaf, suspended by silk, from E.
a twig „
A. Iris, h sallow, poplar A.
A. Galatea, h. ...timothy grass, &c. A.
E. Epiphron, h. probably on Nardus
stricta, and small rushes ; in
mountain bogs
T. rubi bramble, buds, and
fl. ; also probably broom, and C.
Genista S.
P. Phlceas, h. ...dock, ragwort, sorrel A.
L. Adonis, h. ...Hippocrepiscomosa, A.
&c. [&c.
„ Corydon, h.... Hippocrepiscomosa, L.
A. Atropos potato leaves, &c. E.
(See last month)
D. galii .Galium, fuschia, &c. E.
(See last month)
tipuliformis, h. in the wood of
currant bushes
ligniperda ... in the wood of
various trees. (See last month)
miniata, h lichen, on oak
(Lichen caninus) ; also withered
sallow, oak, alder
mesomella, h. lichens ; will also
eat sallow, and heath
molybdeola, h. lichens
griseola, h. ...lichens, on poplar;
also withered sallow, &c.
coryli, s beech, nut, birch,
alder, oak, willow ; generally
beaten from beech
cratasgata, h. hawthorn, sloe
prunaria, h. sloe, beech, broom,
sallow, hawthorn, plum, &c.
illustraria oak, birch, ash,
beech, maple
betularia oak, birch, elm,
hawthorn, elder, beech, moun-
tain ash, &c.
trilinearia ... beech
omicronaria maple ; s. beech
luteata maple
herbariata, h. dried plants, in her-
baria, and in herbalists' shops,
&c. Tansy has been found to
be eaten, where the species has
occurred
exanthemaria sallow, alder
clathrata, h. saintfoin, lucerne, &c.
strigillaria, h. heath, broom
citraria, 2. ...wild carrot, trefoil,
&c. ; generally on the coast
olivata, h. ...Galium Mollugo
unifasciata ...Odontites rubra, on
the capsules, and seeds
subfulvata ... Achillea millefo-
Hum, and chrysanthemum
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVJE]
OCTOBER
E. arceuthata juniper, and
savine
„ castigata golden rod, heath,
nettle, Angelica, &c.
„ expallidata ...golden rod, fl. ; will
also eat Michaelmas daisy,
&c.
„ absynthiata ...fl., and seeds of rag-
wort, Eupatorium cannabinum,
Artemisia vulgaris, Achillea
millefolium, golden rod, £c.
„ knautiata Knautia arvensis, fl.
and seeds
„ assimilata black currant, hop
barberry, hawthorn,
currant, ash, alder,
...jumper
. . .nut, sallow, bilberry,
„ exiguata
black
sallow
T. simulata ..
Y. elutata, h.
alder
M. montanata, h. primrose
C. munitata, h. groundsel
P. vitalbata, 2. Clematis vitalba
S. undulata sallow, poplars;
between leaves
C. russata, h. ... strawberry, birch,
hawthorn, sallow, &c.
„ suffumata, h. Galium Mollugo,
and ragwort ; hibernates full-
fed to March
E. bipunctaria, h. Lotus corniculatus,
clover, &c.
A. plagiata, h. . . . Hypericum perfo-
ratum, fl.
D. falcula birch; also oak,
alder, willow, poplar
„ unguicula beech
D. bicuspis alder, beech, birch
C. fluctuosa birch ; between
leaves
B. glandifera, h. lichens, on walls
„ perla, h lichens, on walls
A. tridens hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
L. vitellina, h. .. grasses
„ putrescens ...grass
„ littoralis, h on Ammophila
arundinacea ; on the coast ;
burrows 7 or 8 inches in the
sand. Will also eat Carex
L. impura, h. ... Carex, and Dactylis
glomerata. Before h. the larva
rolls the grass up, to form "a
house," by day ; afterwards,
lives inside the stem, and feeds
at nigKt only [pitosa
„ pall ens h. ... Deschampsia cses-
„ phragmitidis, h. common reed, in
the young stems ; in marshes,
and fens
N. lutosa, h in stems of common
reed, near the r. ; feeds during
winter, in mild weather
A. Australis, h. Cichorium intybus,
Poa annua, and other plants
P. leucophsea, h. tufts of grass ; on
commons, and in woods
A. basilinea, h. on the immature
grains of growing wheat ; after
h., in spring, on various plants
C. Morpheus ...Sedum telephium,
sallow, bramble, docks, teazle,
and other low plants
A. valligera, h. .roots of grasses;
chiefly on the coast
, , Puta dandelion, lettuce,
carrot, r., knotgrass, &c.
„ saucia, h plantain, dock, and
other low plants
,r lunigera ? will eat knot-
grass, &c.
, , ripse Cynoglossum offici-
nale ; on the coast ; burrows 7,
or 8 in. in the sand
„ porphyrea, h. heath
T. ianthina, h. Primula, and other
low plants ; also broom, &c.
„ fimbria, h. ...birch, sallow, oak,
ash, broom, primrose, &c.
„ subsequa, h. low plants
„ Orbona, h low plants, and
broom ; when young, on sallow
buds
„ pronuba, h. ...dock, &c.
N. c-nigrum, h. pea stems, and low
plants
„ conflua, h. ...various low plants,
including Silene acaulis
„ Dahlii, h. ...low plants ; s. feeds
up without h. in mild winters.
184
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVAE]
OCTOBER
N. umbrosa, h. dock, &c. ; feeds in A.
mild winters
„ neglecta, h. ...heath, birch, sallow, C.
and low plants P.
„ xanthographa, h. plantain, &c. ; „
hides under stones- „
A. lunosa, e., h. grasses; moreespe- G.
cially in elevated places ; may „
be found concealed under stones E.
C. xerampelina, h. ash ; will also eat S.
hawthorn, and guelder rose
D. carpophaga, s. Lychnis, and Si- C.
lene inflata, young seeds „
E. lutulenta, h. ...Lithospermum ar-
vense, and other low plants „
A. herbida, h. ...dock, and other low „
plants
H. suasa, s plantain, lettuce, H.
knotgrass, &c. E.
fr pisi brake fern, broom,
Scabious, grass, Carex, sallow, S.
birch, mountain ash, &c. „
H. proboscidalis, h. nettle
S. emortualis ...oak „
„ grisealis Sisymbrium Sophia, „
oak, &c. ; the larva does not ,,
change until the spring
B. lupulinalis ...in stems of hop
„ asinalis, h. ...madder, fl., and D.
young seeds
E. sambucalis ...elder, convolvulus „
P. forficalis cabbage, horse-
radish, &c. „
M. polygonalis . . . Ulex nanus, fl. ; on
heaths, &c. ; Genista ? C.
C. phragmitellus, h. common reed ,,
M. cribrella,h in thistle stems
H . nimbella chamomile, and „
other composite fl. ,,
„ nebulella, b. ...heads of thistles ; L.
also China aster
C. bistrigella ...alder, between the E.
leaves ,,
P. interpunctella ... in seed stores, „
grocer's warehouses, &c., on
grain, figs, dried insects, &c. „
P. palumbella, h. Polygala A.
M. alveariella, h. wax, in beehives
T. ministrana ...willow, nut, birch, C.
buckthorn
pisana in pea
vetches
Conwayana... fruit of privet, nut, (?)
ash (?)
musculana ...hawthorn, &c.
siculana Myrica gale
comptana . . . Potentilla
Mitterpacheriana elm, oak
campoliliana in sallow leaves
geminana ...Vaccinium, apple, s.
fcenana, h. ...in r. of Artemisia
Wceberana, h. under bark of
plum, and other fruit trees
strobilana, h. cones of spruce
argyrana moss, and bark of
oak, &c.
hyrciniana, h. spruce fir
vacciniana . . . Vaccinium, and Ber-
beris
fimbriana ...rotten oak wood
pods, and
[fir
coniferana, h. under bark of Scotch
Leplastrierana, h. ...in stems of
cabbage
redimitana ...oak
regiana, h. ...under sycamore bark
orobana in pods of Vicia
cracca, V. sylvatica, Orobus
tuberosus, and Genista tinctoria
politana, h Achillea mille-
folium, r.
plumbana pods of vetches (?)
&c.
plumbagana Achillea mille-
folium
Albersana . . . honeysuckle
fulvana heads of Centaurea
scabiosa
Scopoliana ... Centaurea heads
semulana in fl. of golden rod
Servillana ... shoots of woolly-
leaved sallows
roseana, h. ...seeds of teazle
subroseana?...Solidago, fl.
implicitana ...Solidago, fl. Pyre-
thrum, Gnaphalium, &c.
anthemidana Erigeron acre, fl.
maritimana in stems, and r. of
Eryngium maritimum
Francillonana, h., in stems of wild
carrot
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARV^J]
OCTOBER
C. dilucidana ...in stems of parsnip P.
„ Smeathmanniana Anthemiscotula
„ stramineana Centaurea heads CE
„ alternana Centaurea scabiosa,
heads
L. salicella sallow, alder, maple, A.
rose, Cornus sanguinea, Poten- G.
tilla anserina, &c.
T. pseudo-bombycella, h. lichen, on O.
oak trunks ,,
S. inconspicuella, h. on tree trunks, C.
and palings
T. misella in dried stems of „
beans, and unthrashed wheat
„ ganomella, h. in birds' nests „
„ merdella in furs ,,
,, biseliella, h. in birds' skins, hair „
seating, &c. „
I. Zinckenella ...birch
„ Oehlmanniella, h., in a flat case, „
under fallen leaves
A. fibulella in a flat case, on „
leaves of Veronica chamsedrys
„ Degeerella, h., wood anemone „
S . pyrella hawthorn, apple,
pear, &c. „
Y. viginipunctella Sedum telephium „
A. decemguttella Lithospermum „
G. malvella hollyhock, seeds „
„ notatella sallow A.
„ obsoletella ...in stems of Cheno- E.
podium „
„ bifractella, h. Inula dysenterica, T.
and I. conyza, seeds „
„ cerealella, h. in grains of wheat, „
and barley L.
„ nseviferella ...Atriplex, and Che- „
nopodium ,r
„ Hermannella, Atriplex, and Che- ,(
nopodium „
„ brizella Statice armeria, in ,,
fl. -stems „
„ subocellella . . . Origanum vulgare,
seeds „
P. lappella knapweed, and L.
burdock, seeds
„ Metzneriella, h. Centaurea nigra, C.
heads ,,
„ carlinella, h. Centaurea nigra, N.
and thistle heads
neuropterella, h. in heads of Cir-
sium acaule
. pseudo-spretella, h. dried fruit,
peas, and other seeds ; also
hams, &c.
autumnitella Solanum dulcamara
Kollariella, b. mining leaves of
broom
avellanella ...nut
betulaevorella birch
paripennella...in a case, flat on
leaf of birch, rose, sloe
salicornella, h Salicornia
herbacea
pyrrhulipennella, h. heath
discordella, h. Lotus corniculatus
genistsecolella, h. Genista anglica
annulatella ...seeds of Atriplex,
and Chenopodium
salinella ...... Atriplex portula-
coides
cacuminetella seeds of Stellaria
graminea
argentulella . . . seeds of Achillea
millefolium
virgaureella ...seeds of golden rod
juncicolella, h. heath
solitariella, h. Stellaria holostea
melilolella . . .seeds of melilot
aeratella, h in galls, on knotgrass
apicipunctella, h. in Aira
trapeziella, h. in Luzula pilosa
complanella . . . oak
angusticolella rose
dodonseella, h. in oak
roborella oak
quinqueguttella dwarf sallows
Bremiella vetches
insignitella ...in a clover
lautella....,....oak
vacciniella . . . whortleberry
Messaniella ...oak, evergreen oak,
chesnut, hornbeam, beech
Dunningiella nut
Clerckella ...sloe, apple, cherry,
hawthorn, &c. «
sparti foliella . . . under bark of broom
laburnella ...
atricapitella...oak
anomalella ...rose
i88
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUP^E]
OCTOBER
C. sagittata spun up, among
Thalictrum ; or on the ground,
near ; in fens
E. lineolata to April, cocoon,
attached to Galium verum, on
coast sand-hills; below the
surface
C. obliquaria ...among broom
D. bicuspis to April, spun up,
on birch trunks, in the S. ; alder
in the N.; rarely above 2 feet
from the ground. Resembles a
Brazil nut
,, furcula spun up, on trunk
of willow, or sallow
,, bifida spun up, on trunk
of poplars
,, vinula spun up, on trunk
of willows, poplars, and sallow;
three or four ft. from the ground
S. fagi to May, spun up,
among leaves of beech, oak,
birch, elm ; s. at r.
P. Cassinea sub., at oak ; deep
P. bucephala ...to May, sub., at
various trees
C. curtula to Mar. , spun up,
between dead leaves of poplars,
and sallow
„ reclusa to May, spun up,
among dead leaves of sallows,
poplars, willows
P. palpina to June, in cocoon,
at willows, and poplars ; on
edges of streams, on the ground,
or under sods
N. camelina to May, at various
trees, in a slight cocoon
„ cucullina to May, at maple,
and sycamore ; under moss, &c.
„ carmelita sub., at birch
„ dictsea to May, in large co-
coon, at poplars, and willows ;
under a leaf, or sod
„ dictseoides ...to May, at birch ;
in a slight cocoon, under a leaf,
&c.
„ dromedarius...to May, at birch,
alder, nut ; in a slight cocoon,
under a leaf, &c.
N. ziczac to May, sub., at
poplars, sallow, willows
„ trepida sub., at oak; cocoon
tough, but not always coated
with earth [oak
„ Chaonia to April, sub., at
,, Dodonea to May, sub. , at oak,
and birch
T. batis to May, near bram-
ble, and wild raspberry
C. duplaris to May, between
united birch leaves
,, fluctuosa to May, among birch
leaves
„ or, b at birch, among dead,
or united leaves
„ ocularis, b. ...at poplars, near the
surface of the ground, or spun
against the tree
„ flavicornis ...betweenunited birch
leaves
D. Orion to May, at birch,
and oak ; in a cocoon of gnawed
bark, or rotten wood
A. tridens to May, spun up, in
crevices of bark, at hawthorn,
sloe, rose, willow, mountain ash,
sallow
„ psi to May, in bark
crevices, of various trees
,, leporina .to May, in excava-
tions, in the bark of birch,
poplar, alder, sallow
„ aceris to May, spun up,
among fallen leaves, and under
loose bark of sycamore, horse
chesnut, maple, birch, and s.
oak [bark
„ megacephala at poplar, under the
„ strigosa to May among, dead
leaves, of hawthorn; or rubbish,
or decayed wood ; s. sub.
,, alni between leaves of
various trees ; or inside bramble
sticks
, , ligustri to May, spun up,
under moss, stones, &c., near
ash, and privet ; also sub. ; also
found under the top-stones of
walls, against the tree
PUPJE]
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OCTOBER
A. rumicis ...... to May, spun up, in
crevices of trees, palings, walls,
&c.
A. putris ......... to May, sub. , at elm
D . pinastri ...... to May, in a cocoon,
on the ground, among dock,
sorrel, &c.
X. conspicillaris to Mar., sub., at
elm, and other trees
M. albicolon ...... to April, sub., near
Atriplex, Chenopodium, lettuce,
~ &c.
C. Morpheus ...... to May, spun up, in
a leaf, or an earthen cocoon,
attached to food-plant
A. segetum, s. ...to May, sub., among
Cruciferse, grass, &c.
T. piniperda ...... at Scotch, and other
firs ; in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin ; in crevices
of bark, or under moss, and
fallen needles, about i^in. or
2 in. deep, rarely within 2 ft. of
the tree
T. gothica ........ .at various trees, j ust
beneath the surface
189
elm,
D.
Sf H°f various trees
opima at r. of Rosa spino-
sissima, and dwarf sallows ;
below the sand, on sand-hills,
in the N.
populeti sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra ; deep
gracilis sub., at willows,
sallows, and low plants
miniosa among fallen leaves,
&c.
munda under moss, at base
of oak
cruda sub., at oak
carpophaga...to April, sub., near
Silene, and Lychnis ; on the
coast ; found by raking sand-
hills
. serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce [and birch
. glauca sub., near sallow,
H. oleracea sub., near
nettle
dock, &c. ; also in kitchen
gardens
„ thalassina ... sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
X. lithoriza to Feb. , near honey-
suckle ; in a papery cocoon, on
the ground
C. verbasci in a large, tough,
earthen cocoon, near mullein,
or figwort *
„ scrophularise in a cocoon, near
figwort, or mullein ; s. two
years in pupa
,, lychnitis sub. , near white, or
black mulleii^; s. two years in
pupa
„ asteris sub., near golden
rod, &c. ; s. two years in pupa
,r gnaphalii sub., near golden rod
„ absynthii sub., near worm-
wood
,, chamomillse...sub., near chamo-
mile, &c.
„ umbratica sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
H. dipsacea to May, among
melilot, and probably Silene
otites, and Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, in heath
E. venustula to May, at r. of
Tormentilla reptans, and grass
B. argentula among grass, on the
ground
B. parthenias ...at birch ; in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
A. urticse to, May, spun up,
among nettle leaves
,, triplasia to May, spun up,
among nettle leaves, hop, &c.
P. aenea to May, amongst
Polygala vulgaris
E. sambucalis ...to May, spun up, in
crevices, in palings, walls, &c.;
near elder
G. canella to June, among
*^ Salsola kali
i88
THE LEPIDOPTERISTS CALENDAR
PUP.E]
OCTOBER
C. sagittata spun up, among
Thalictrum ; or on the ground,
near ; in fens
E. lineolata to April, cocoon,
attached to Galium verum, on
coast sand - hills ; below the
surface
C. obliquaria ...among broom
D. bicuspis to April, spun up,
on birch trunks, in the S. ; alder
in the N.; rarely above 2 feet
from the ground. Resembles a
Brazil nut
„ furcula spun up, on trunk
of willow, or sallow
„ bifida spun up, on trunk
of poplars
„ vinula spun up, on trunk
of willows, poplars, and sallow;
three or four ft. from the ground
S. fagi to May, spun up,
among leaves of beech, oak,
birch, elm ; s. at r.
P. Cassinea sub., at oak ; deep
P. bucephala ..,to May, sub., at
various trees
C. curtula to Mar., spun up,
between dead leaves of poplars,
and sallow
„ reclusa to May, spun up,
among dead leaves of sallows,
poplars, willows
P. palpina to June, in cocoon,
at willows, and poplars ; on
edges of streams, on the ground,
or under sods
N. camelina to May, at various
trees, in a slight cocoon
„ cucullina to May, at maple,
and sycamore ; under moss, &c.
„ carmelita sub., at birch
„ dictsea to May, in large co-
coon, at poplars, and willows ;
under a leaf, or sod
„ dictaeoides ...to May, at birch ;
in a slight cocoon, under a leaf,
&c.
,r dromedarius...to May, at birch,
alder, nut ; in a slight cocoon,
under a leaf, &c.
N. ziczac to May, sub., at
poplars, sallow, willows
,, trepida sub., at oak ; cocoon
tough, but not always coated
with earth [oak
,, Chaonia to April, sub., at
,, Dodonea to May, sub. , at oak,
and birch
T. batis to May, near bram-
ble, and wild raspberry
C. duplaris to May, between
united birch leaves
,, fluctuosa to May, among birch
leaves
„ or, b at birch, among dead,
or united leaves
„ ocularis, b. ...at poplars, near the
surface of the ground, or spun
against the tree
„ flavicornis ...betweenunited birch
leaves
D. Orion to May, at birch,
and oak ; in a cocoon of gnawed
bark, or rotten wood
A. tridens to May, spun up, in
crevices of bark, at hawthorn,
sloe, rose, willow, mountain ash,
sallow
„ psi to May, in bark
crevices, of various trees
„ leporina to May, in excava-
tions, in the bark of birch,
poplar, alder, sallow
lf aceris to May, spun up,
among fallen leaves, and under
loose bark of sycamore, horse
chesnut, maple, birch, and s.
oak [bark
„ megacephala at poplar, under the
,, strigosa to May among, dead
leaves, of hawthorn; or rubbish,
or decayed wood ; s. sub.
„ alni between leaves of
various trees ; or inside bramble
sticks
, , ligustri to May, spun up,
under moss, stones, &c., near
ash, and privet ; also sub. ; also
found under the top-stones of
walls, against the tree
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
189
PUP^G]
OCTOBER
A. rumicis ...... to May, spun up, in
crevices of trees, palings, walls,
&c.
A. putris ......... to May, sub. , at elm
D. pinastri ...... to May, in a cocoon,
on the ground, among dock,
sorrel, &c.
X. conspicillaris to Mar., sub., at
elm, and other trees
M. albicolon ...... to April, sub., near
Atriplex, Chenopodium, lettuce,
&c.
C. Morpheus ...... to May, spun up, in
a leaf, or an earthen cocoon,
attached to food-plant
A. segetum, s. ...to May, sub., among
Cruciferse, grass, &c.
T. piniperda ...... at Scotch, and other
firs ; in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin ; in crevices
of bark, or under moss, and
fallen needles, about i^in. or
2 in. deep, rarely within 2ft. of
the tree
T. gothica ......... at various trees, j ust
beneath the surface
'-°f -nous trees
opima ......... at r. of Rosa spino-
sissima, and dwarf sallows ;
below the sand, on sand-hills,
in the N.
populeti ...... sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra ; deep
gracilis ......... sub., at willows,
sallows, and low plants
miniosa ...... among fallen leaves,
&c.
munda ......... under moss, at base
of oak
cruda ......... sub. , at oak
carpophaga...to April, sub., near
Silene, and Lychnis ; on the
coast ; found by raking sand-
hills
serena ......... sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce [and birch
glauca ......... sub., near sallow,
. sub., near worm-
.sub., near chamo-
H. oleracea sub., near elm,
nettle
dock, &c. ; also in kitchen
gardens
„ thalassina ... sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
X. lithoriza to Feb. , near honey-
suckle ; in a papery cocoon, on
the ground
C. verbasci in a large, tough,
earthen cocoon, near mullein,
or figwort *
„ scrophulariae in a cocoon, near
figwort, or mullein ; s. two
years in pupa
„ lychnitis sub. , near white, or
black mulleii^; s. two years in
pupa
,, asteris sub., near golden
rod, &c. ; s. two years in pupa
„ gnaphalii sub., near golden rod
,, absynthii ....
wood
„ chamomillse.
mile, &c.
,, umbratica sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
H. dipsacea to May, among
melilot, and probably Silene
otites, and Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, in heath
E. venustula to May, at r. of
Tormentilla reptans, and grass
B. argentula among grass, on the
ground
B. parthenias ...at birch ; in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
A. urticse to. May, spun up,
among nettle leaves
„ triplasia to May, spun up,
among nettle leaves, hop, &c.
P. aenea to May, amongst
Polygala vulgaris
E. sambucalis ...to May, spun up, in
crevices, in palings, walls, &c.;
near elder
G. canella to June, among
^ Salsola kali
190
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
L. roborella
„ hortella
„ amyotella
„ lautella
„ quercifoliella
„ Heegeriella . . .
„ Cramerella ..
OCTOBER
among fallen oak
leaves
L. faginella among fallen beech.
leaves
,, carpinicolella ) among fallen leaves
„ tenella ...... I of hornbeam
IMAGOS]
Although the cold, winds, and occasional frosts, which now begin to visit
us, tell of the approach of winter, we have not yet reached the time,
" When the Night doth meet the Noon
In a dark conspiracy
To banish Even from her sky ;"
and the Collector*nust not yet suppose his "season" is closed. This is the
great month for captures at ivy, which is now in bloom ; and a large number
of the autumnal species are attracted to the stupifying blossoms. In the day-
time bees, and butterflies hold high festival over the mantling ivy sprays ; and
at night, soon after dusk, many Moths, especially Noctuse, flock as to a
banquet, where
"Unbought dainties crown the feast."
The short period required for the intoxication, or stupefaction, of the Moths is
remarkable. The blossoms should be lightly beaten, or shaken, into an
umbrella, or clap-net, or sheet, or other contrivance, held or spread beneath,
when the Moths required are easily boxed. Sometimes the labours of the
Collector are rewarded by the capture of the rare D. rubiginea. Other
flowers, besides the ivy, are also very attractive to Moths, especially arbutus,
and stinging nettle ; as are also blackberries, and other fruit.
V.
c. -album, h. at blackberries, &c. ;
H.
pennaria
woods ; ;
it rest.
, on
may be found hanging to under-
trees
side of leaves of trees, in wet
S.
sacraria, 2. ..
.flies by
day ;
has
weather
been taken
at fl. ; at
sugar ;
and
tl
polychloros, h. hangs up, in out-
atl.
[t
:rees
houses, hollow trees, &c., for
H.
aurantiaria . . .
woods ;
at rest
, on
the winter
tl
defoliaria
.woods ;
at rest
, on
4
Antiopa, h. ...at ivy, fl.,and cossus-
trees
infected trees
C.
brumata
comes to
1.
II
Atalanta, h. at ivy, fl., and fruit
f>
boreata
cardui, h. ...at fl.
6.
dilutata
c.
Pamphilus . . .
T.
juniperata ..
.comes to
1.
p.
Phlceas at fl.
c.
psittacata, h.
comes to
1.
A.
Atropos at rest, on palings,
I(
miata, h
&c.
E.
cervinata
C.
celerio at fl., at dusk
C.
spartiata
nerii
p.
Cassinea, e. . .
.comes to
1.
E.
alniaria
P.
bucephala ..
.at rest
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
191
IMAGOS]
P. plumigera .. shady
hedges ; local
D. caeruleocephala comes to 1.
T. batis, 2
L. vitellina
„ albipuncta ...at fl.
„ comma, s., 2.
„ 1-album
N. lutosa, b.
H. micacea ..
A. Australis..
L. exigua
C. cubicularis
A. suffusa, h.
„ saucia, h at ivy
„ segetum at ivy
O. lota at ivy
„ macilenta at ivy,
A. rufina at ivy
„ pistacina at ivy
„ lunosa
C. vaccinii, h.
OCTOBER
woods, and
...comes to 1.
...comes to 1. [to 1.
. . .among grass ; comes
...beaten, from thatch
...at ivy
comes to 1.
[berries
and yew
.comes to L, and ivy
at ivy
„ spadicea, h.... at ivy
„ erythrocephala, h. at ivy
S. satellitia, h. ...at ivy [berries
D. rubiginea, h. ...at ivy, and yew
H. croceago, h. at ivy
X. silago
,, aurago, b at ivy
,, ferruginea ...at ivy
T). templi, h. ...usually found by
turning over stone-heaps, in
elevated districts ; comes to 1.
E. nigra at ivy
M. oxyacanthce at ivy
A. Aprilina
. at ivy
..at ivy
..at ivy
..at ivy
[tree trunks
..at ivy, and rests on
, at ivy, and rests on
P. meticulosa ,
„ empyrea ...
C. vetusta, h.
„ exoleta, h. ,
X. lambda ....
„ furcifera, h. .
„ rhizolitha, h
tree trunks
„ semibrunnea, h. at ivy
„ petrificata, h. at ivy
H. armigera at ivy
C. fraxini at rest, on walls, and
„ nupta at rest, on walls,
tree trunks, &c.
H. proboscidalis [houses
,, rostralis, h. ..in gardens, and out-
Pi fimbrialis comes to 1.
D. ramburialis ...
M. unionalis successive broods,
during the year
S. coarctalis, h. on mossy walls
E. ficella in corn, and seed
warehouses, among oilcake, &c.
N. angustella, 2.
M. alveariella, s. about beehives
L. scabrana among elm [thorn
P. cristana ... among sallows, &haw-
P. sordidana among alder; in
marshes, and fens
L. phryganella . . .
E. gelatella
T. imella *
„ pellionella ... common, in houses
„ pallescentella in warehouses, and
poulterer's shops
H. radiatella, h.
Y. asperella among apple
P. caudella, h. ...
D. hypericella ...among Hypericum
IF ocellella among sallow
„ depressella, s.
„ olerella beaten, from thatch;
near Hazlemere [slack
G. Lyellella Castle Eden, Wither-
„ atriplicella, 3. among Atriplex,
and Chenopodium
A. betulella beaten; CastleEden,
High Force
Z. fasciapennella the Pentlands
G. semifasciella
C. citrinella, h —
B. somnulentella
C. chaerophyllella, h.
,, daucella
L. decorella, h. among Epilobium
L. trifasciella ...among honeysuckle
L. padifoliella ...
P. salignella, h. among willows, near
London [vulus
P. pterodactylus, h. among Convol-
„ serotinus among Galium
Mollugo
A. polydactyla, h. ... among honey-
suckle, and in windows
NOVEMBER
OVA]
T. quercus on oak twigs C.
„ w-album on wytch elm ; also
elm ; on the twigs ,,
„ pruni on sloe twigs
L. ^Egon on Ornithopus per- „
pusillus ; white
H. comma on trefoil, and other
Leguminosse „
L. monacha on oak, beech, fir,
birch, apple, &c. ,,
T. cratsegi ^n hawthorn ; also
s. sloe, sallow, birch, oak „
P. populi ..to Mar., on oak,
poplar, lime, ash, hawthorn E.
B. neustria on hawthorn, sloe, C.
fruit trees ; in batches round T.
twigs, and branches
„ castrensis on Artemisia mari-
tima, Daucus maritimus, &c. P.
E. vespertaria ...on nut P.
„ apiciaria poplar, willow,
sallow
C. elinguaria ...on oak, honeysuckle,
hawthorn, sloe ; also heath,
bilberry, &c.
H. pennaria on oak
F. pinetaria on bilberry
H. aurantiaria ...to March, on oak, C.
birch, hawthorn, &c.
„ defoliaria to March, on oak,
nut, sloe, hawthorn, birch, elm, T.
lime, &c.
C. brumata to March, on oak, „
and other trees
„ boreata to March, on birch
O. dilutata to March, on oak, P.
and other trees
E. subciliata on maple; at foot-
stalk of leaf „
M. rubiginata ... on alder ; large
S. vetulata on buckthorn
C. immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees, and strawberry, H.
bilberry, &c.; large
prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe ; on the bark, large
testata on heath, birch,
sallow, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
fulvata on dog rose; rose-
pink, large
pyraliata on Galium, and
hawthorn ; large
dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
cervinaria ...to April, on mallow
spartiata on broom
choerophyllata... on Anthriscus
sylvestris, and Bunium flexu-
osum
Cassinia to April, on oak
plumigera ...on maple ; chiefly
on the twigs, in hedges, not
shaded by trees ; after the 7th
of the month, until March.
Often singly ; but also in twos,
threes, and s. much larger
clusters. Circular, smooth ;
brown above, whitish beneath
xerampelina...on ash; probably in
the chinks of the twigs, and the
buds
subtusa upon the twigs of
poplar
retusa on sallow, willow,
poplar ; upon the axils of the
leaves
chi on dock, hawthorn,
sallow ; and probably lettuce,
sowthistle, " tea tree," &c.
flavocincta ...on dock, chick weed,
groundsel, mint, &c. ; in gar-
dens, on everlasting pea, plum,
&c.
proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, pale yellow
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
193
LARV-E]
NOVEMBER
A large number of hibernating larvae hide away early, and are seldom seen
again until the spring. Thus several specified under this month may not
have been seen since July, August, or September. Several others come out
to feed occasionally, when the weather is mild.
A. Iris, h stretched out, on a
sallow twig
A. Australis, h. Cichorium intybus,
Poa annua, and other plants
H. hispida, h? .. grasses, lettuce,
plantain, &c.
A. Puta dandelion, lettuce,
carrot r., knotgrass, &c.
„ saucia, h plantain, dock, and
other low plants
N. Dahlii, h. ...low plants ; s. feeds
up without h., in mild winters
,, umbrosa, h. ...dock, and various
low plants ; feeds in mild wea-
ther, through the winter
C. xerampelina, h. ash
E. lichenea, h. ...ragwort, and other
low plants ; on the coast
P. meticulosa, h. groundsel, and
various low plants
„ empyrea, h. ...pilewort, &c.
M. cephalonica, h. ...dried currants,
&c.
P. gentiana, h. ...teazle, heads
„ marginana, h. teazle, heads
C. fulvana? heads of Centaurea
scabiosa
S. ferrugalis has been fed on
Aster amellus, on the Continent
M. polygonalis...Ulex nanus, fl., on
heaths ; Genista ?
T. imella among furrier's
refuse, and has been found in
a felt shoe !
„ merd ella in furs
„ semifulvella, h. in birds' nests,
feeding on wool
P. bicostella, h. Erica cinerea
A. fibulella in a flat case, on
leaves of Veronica chamaedrys
C. albitarsella, h. ...Origanum, and
Glechoma
„ vitisella, h. ...whortleberry [trees
C. Linneella, h. under bark of lime
E. gangabella, h. Dactylisglomerata
L. lantanella, h. Viburnum lantana ;
best collected this month
T. marginea, h. bramble
N. ruficapitella... in common oak,
and evergreen oak
PUP^E]
P. Machaon ...... on stems of Peu-
cedanum palustre ; in fens
P. brassicae ... ) H n
P
„ napi ......... )
S. ocellatus ------ sub., at willows,
poplars, &c.
„ populi ......... sub. , at poplar, wil-
low, &c.
„ tiliae ............ sub., at elm, lime,
beech
C. ligniperda ...to May, at various
trees ; spun up, under bark,
&c. ; but s. buries
L. asellus ......... spun up, on a leaf
A. mendica ...... under moss, on trees
bordering ditches
O
A. lubricepeda ) spun up, on palings,
„ menthrasti ) trees, &c.
,, urticae under moss, on trees
O. pudibunda in dead leaves,
under moss, &c.
E. lanestris cocoon, on the
ground, near hawthorn, &c.
E. versicolora ...spun up, at birch
S. carpini cocoon, amongst
leaves, heath, &c.
E. dolobraria ...under moss, on oak
S. illunaria sub. , at willow, oak,
&c.
„ lunaria at sloe, oak, nut,
&c.
„ illustraria cocoon, among
leaves, on, or near, the ground
194
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PUPJE]
0. bidentata under moss, on
various trees
P. pilosaria sub. , at oak, and elm
N. zonaria sub., on sand -hills
„ hispidaria at oak
B. hirtaria sub., at elm, lime,
ash, and fruit trees
A. prodromaria sub,, at oak, elm,
&c. ; just beneath the surface
„ betularia sub., at oak, elm,
birch, and other trees
H. abruptaria ...spun up, on twigs,
&c. ; of lilac, rose, or privet
T. consonaria ...under moss, at r. of
beech, oak, birch
„ crepuscularia under moss, on alder,
birch, elm, poplar, willow ; or
in bark crevices
„ biundularia ...spun up, on oak,
and birch
„ punctulata ...under moss, on birch,
and alder ; or in bark crevices
1. lactearia spun up, among
leaves of oak, and birch
E. porata fastened to leaf of
oak
„ punctaria fastened to leaf of
oak, or birch
„ trilinearia fastened to leaf of
beech
,, pendularia
birch
E. heparata ..
on alder
C. pusaria spun
ground
„ exanthemaria spun up, under
leaves of sallow, and alder
M. liturata in open places, and
on the margins of fir woods, at
I inch to 2 inches deep, rarely
within 2 feet of the tree
N. pulveraria ...in withered sallow
leaves, &c.
F. carbonaria ...among dead leaves
of sallow, and birch
tl piniaria at Scotch fir, and
larch ; in open places, in woods,
rarely within 2 feet of the tree,
at i^ in. to 2 in. deep
NOVEMBER
.fastened to leaf of
.among moss, &c.,
up, on the
H. rupicapraria in a web, on the
ground, among oak, sloe, &c.
„ leucophearia on the ground, near
oak
ii progemmaria sub , at oak, birch,
hornbeam, &c.
„ defoliaria sub., at oak, haw-
thorn, sloe, hornbeam, nut, elm,
&c.
A. sescularia sub., at elm, oak,
lime, sloe, hawthorn
L. multistrigaria sub., about Galium
E. albulata within the spun-up
sepals of yellow rattle
n decolorata ...about Lychnis dioica
E. venosata about Silene, and
Lychnis
,, consignata probably under
moss, and loose bark, in apple
orchards
„ pulchellata ... among the seeds,
and dead fl. of foxglove
„ isogrammata about Clematis
vital ba
„ fraxinata on ash; under moss,
and loose bark
„ nanata about heath
„ vulgata sub., at various plants,
and trees
, , minutata about heath
„ assimilata in crevices, about
currant, and hop
„ exiguata about oak, &c.
M . ocellata among Galium ; spun
up, near the ground. The larva
s. remains during winter
M. subtristata ...sub., near Galium
„ galiata sub., near Galium
A. sinuata in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, among Galium
„ badiata in earthen cocoon,
on the ground, beneath dog rose
bushes
„ derivata sub. , at dog rose
C. sagittata spun up, about Tha-
lictrum, or on the ground, near ;
in fens
E. lineolata cocoon attached to
Galium verum, below the sur-
face, on coast sand-hills
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
NOVEMBER
P. falcula bet ween united birch C.
leaves
D. bicuspis spun up, on birch ,,
trunks, in the S. ; alder in the „
N. ; rarely above 2 ft. from the
ground „
„ furcula ••• spun up, on trunk
of willow, or sallow
„ bifida spun up, on trunk „
of poplars
„ vinula spun up, on trunk D.
of willows, poplars, and sallow ;
three, or four feet from the
ground A.
S. fagi spun up, among
leaves of beech, oak, birch,
elm ; s. at r. |(
P. bucephala . . . sub. , at various trees
C. curtula spun up, between „
dead leaves of poplars, and
sallow
„ reclusa to May, spun up, „
among dead leaves of poplars,
willows, sallows
P. palpina at willows, and pop-
lars, on edges of streams, in „
cocoon, on the ground, or under
sods „
N. camelina in a slight cocoon,
at various trees
„ cucullina at maple, and syca- „
more, under moss, &c.
„ carmelita sub., at birch
„ dictaea at poplars, and wil- „
lows ; in large cocoon, under a
leaf, or sod „
„ dictseoides ...at birch; in a slight
cocoon, under a leaf, &c.
„ dromedarius at birch, alder, nut ; „
in a slight cocoon, under a leaf,
&c. A.
„ ziczac at poplars, sallow, D.
willows ; in a slight cocoon
„ trepida sub. , at oak ; cocoon
tough, but not always coated X.
with earth
„ Chaonia sub., at oak M.
,, Dodonea sub., at oak, & birch -.
T. batis near bramble, and A.
wild raspberry
03
duplaris between united birch
leaves
fluctuosa among birch leaves
or, b at birch, among
dead, or united leaves
ocularis, b. ..at poplars; near the
surface of the ground, or spun
against the tree
flavicornis . . . between united birch
leaves
Orion at birch, and oak;
in a cocoon of gnawed bark, or
rotten wood
tridens spun up, in crevices
of bark, at hawthorn, sloe, rose,
willow, sallow, mountain ash
psi in bark crevices, of
various trees
leporina in excavations in the
bark of birch, poplar, alder,
sallow
aceris spun up, among
fallen leaves, and under loose
bark of sycamore, horse chesnut,
maple, birch, and s. oak
megacephala at poplar, under the
bark
strigosa among dead leaves
of hawthorn, or rubbish, or de-
cayed wood ; s. sub.
alni between leaves of
various trees ; or inside bramble
sticks
ligustri spun up, under moss,
stones, &c., near ash, and privet;
also sub. ; also found under the
top stones of walls, against the
tree
rumicis spun up, in crevices
of trees, palings, walls, &c.
putris sub. , at elm
pinastri in a cocoon, on the
ground, among dock, sorrel,
&c.
conspicillaris sub., at elm, and
other trees
albi colon sub. , near Atriplex,
v Chenopodium, lettuce, &c.
segetum, s. ...sub., among Cru-
ciferse, grass, &cf
196
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
NOVEMBER
T.
T.
at r. of low plants
D.
H.
H.
piniperda at Scotch, and other
firs ; in open places in fir woods,
and on the margin ; in crevices
of bark, and under moss, and
fallen needles ; rarely within
2ft. of the tree, i^ to 2 in. deep
gothica at various trees
leucographa %
rubricosa ...
instabilis ... , atr.ofvarioustrees
stabihs )
opima at r. of Rosa spino-
sissima, and dwarf sallow ; be-
low the sand, on sand-hills in
theN.
populeti sub., at poplars, es-
pecially Populus nigra ; deep
gracilis sub. , at willows,
sallows, and low plants
miniosa among fallen leaves,
&c.
munda under moss, at base
of oaks
cruda sub., at oak
carpophaga ...sub., near Silene,
and Lychnis ; on the coast ;
found by raking sand-hills
serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
glauca sub., near sallow,
and birch
oleracea sub. , near elm, net-
tle, dock, &c. ; also in kitchen
gardens
thalassina ...sub., near honey-
suckle, sallow, broom, &c.
X. lithoriza near honeysuckle, in
a papery cocoon, on the ground
C. verbasci ... ) sub" ™ * cocoon,
..scrophulan*} "^ »
„ lychnitis sub. , near white, and
black mullein
„ asteris ) sub., near golden
„ gnaphalii... \ rod, &c.
„ absynthii sub., near worm-
wood
„ chamomillse...sub., near chamo-
mile, &c.
„ umbratica ...sub., near Sonchus,
&c.
H. marginata ...sub., near Ononis
procurrens
H. dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites, and
Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, on heath
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
reptans, and grass
B. argentula among grass, on the
ground
B. parthenias ...at birch; in crevices
of bark, or on the ground
A. urticse spun up, among
nettle leaves
„ triplasia spun up, among
nettle leaves, hop, &c.
P. senea among Polygala
vulgaris
E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices
in palings, walls, &c. , near elder
G. canella......... among Salsola kali
IMAGOS]
P. populi at rest, at the base
of oak, &c.
H. pennaria woods; attest, on
trees
H. aurantiaria ...woods; at rest, on
trees
„ defoliaria woods; at rest, on
trees
C. brumata conies to 1.
„ boreata
O, dilutata
C. psittacata, h. comes to 1.
P. Cassinea comes to 1.
P. plumigera ...shady woods, and
hedges
L. vitellina
A. segetum
C. vaccinii, h. ...
,, spadicea, h —
„ erythrocephala, h.
S. satellitia, h....
D. rubiginea, h.
THE LEPIDOPTERISTS CALENDAR
'97
IMAGOS]
NOVEMBER
H. croceago, h.
D. templi, h. ...
M. oxyacanthse
* C. exoleta, h. ...
C. chamomillge, h.
S. coarctalis, h. on mossy walls
L. scabrana among elm
L. phryganella ...flies in woods, in
calm weather
E. gelatella among sallow
T. imella
H. radiatella, h.
P. caudella, h. ...
C. daucella .
P. cristana among sallows, and L. Messaniella ...among evergreen oak
hawthorn
trifasciella ...among honeysuckle
L. Clerckella, h.
DECEMBER
As there is now but little work to be done, out-of-doors, and as that may
be impeded by frost, or snow, the reader may be reminded that this is a con-
venient period for over-hauling his collection ; carrying out any re-arrange-
ment that, in these days of name-changing, may be deemed desirable ; or
clearing out duplicate boxes, and otherwise preparing for the campaign next
season. Mitey specimens, if worth preserving, may be "doctored" with a
diluted solution of corrosive sublimate, dissolved in alcohol, or vinegar ; or
with a weak solution of phenic acid in alcohol, or naphtha.
As papered drawers and boxes are often objectionable, from the trouble
they involve, and the obstacle presented to the entrance of fine pins into the
cork, by the coat of paper and paste, it may be desirable to whiten the cork
instead. To carry this out properly the paper shoud be entirely removed
from the cork, and the drawer cleaned. Then take as much laevigated oxide
of zinc as may be deemed necessary, with a minute portion of indigo or
ultramarine, to give greater whiteness, and gently add, mixing with a spatula,
as much skimmed milk as will form with it a mixture of the consistence ot
cream ; then with a soft, flat camel's hair brush apply the mixture evenly over
the surface ; by means of a dabber of muslin or cambric eliminate the lines
formed by the brush, and dry slowly at some distance from the fire.
The following are stated to be preferable modes of keeping insects in
cabinets or boxes to the ordinary camphor method : Treat each drawer, or
box, to a fumigation, for a day or two, of Bisulphate of Carbon, by placing a
small piece of sponge partially soaked with the fluid in the corner. If this
is done once a-year or so, it is said to be perfectly effective in preventing the
appearance of mites, beetles, or other enemies. This is the material
employed by many dealers for preserving their large stocks of insects. The
reader, however, ought to be warned that so offensive is the smell of this
enemy of animal life, that it can only be applied in cases where a spare room
is available for the purpose. Dr. Laboulbene gives the preference over every
other insect preservative to a solution of equal parts of phenic acid and pure
benzine, dropped on a small piece of sponge, and placed in the corner of
the box, or drawer. This is stated to have the advantage of arresting fungoid
growths.
OVA!
T. quercus on oak twigs T. cratsegi on hawthorn ; also
„ w- album on wytch elm, also s. sloe, sallow, birch, oak
elm; on the twigs P. populi on oak, poplar, lime,
„ pruni on sloe twigs ash, hawthorn
L. JEgon on Ornithopus per- B. neustria on sloe, hawthorn,
pusillus ; white fruit trees ; in batches, round
H. comma on trefoil, and other twigs, and branches
Leguminosse (l castrensis on Artemisia man-
L. monacha on oak, beech, fir, tima, Daucus maritimus, £c.
birch, apple, &c. E. vespertaria ...on nut
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
199
OVA]
DECEMBER
apiciaria on poplar, willow,
sallow
elinguaria ... on oak, honeysuckle,
hawthorn, sloe ; also heath,
bilberry, &c.
pennaria on oak
pinetaria on bilberry
aurantiaria ...on oak, birch, haw-
thorn, &c. [trees
brumata on oak, and other
boreata on birch [trees
dilutata on oak, and other
subciliata on maple ; on foot-
stalk of leaf
rubiginata ...on alder; large
vetulata on buckthorn
immanata ...probably on alder,
and other trees ; and strawberry,
bilberry, &c. ; large
prunata on currant, goose-
berry, sloe ; on the bark ; large
testata on heath, birch, sal-
low, poplar, &c. ; singly, large
populata on bilberry, whortle-
berry, poplar ; globular, large,
yellow
C. fulvata on dog rose; rose--
pink, large
„ pyraliata on Galium, and haw-
thorn ; large
,, dotata on black, and red
currant ; large
E. cervinaria on mallow
C. spartiata on broom
T. chserophyllata on Bunium flexuo-
sum
P. Cassinea on oak
P. plumigera ...on maple ; chiefly
on the twigs, in hedges, where
not shaded by trees. Often
singly, but s. in clusters of two,
three, or many more. Circular,
smooth, brown above, whitish
underneath
T. subtusa upon twigs of poplar
„ retusa on sallow, willow,
poplar ; upon the axils of the
leaves
P. flavicincta ...on dock, chickweed,
groundsel, mint, &c.
H. proboscidalis on nettle ; rather
large, pale yellow
LARVJE]
M. anceps Pindampplaces
A. Puta dandelion, lettuce,
carrot roots, knotgrass, &c.
„ saucia, h plantain, dock, and
other low plants
M. cephalonica, h. ...dried currants,
&c.
P. gentianana, h. teazle heads
N. aurella from Jan. , bramble
PUP-E]
P. Machaon on stems of Peu-
cedanum palustre ; in fens
P. brassicse ... )
„ rapse > on palings, walls, &c.
ii napi )
S. ocellatus sub., at willows,
poplars, &c.
, , populi sub. , at poplar, wil-
low, &c.
„ tilise sub., at elm, lime,
beech
C. ligniperda ...at various trees; spun
up, under bark, &c. ; but s.
buries
L. asellus spun up, on a leaf
A. mendica under moss, on trees
bordering ditches
„ lubricepeda ) spun up, on palings,
„ menthrasti ) trees, &c.
, , urticse under moss, on trees
O. pudibunda ...in dead leaves, under
moss, &c.
E. lanestris cocoon, on the
ground, near hawthorn, &c.
E. versicolora ...spun up, at birch
S . carpini cocoon, amongst
leaves, heath, &c.
E. dolobraria . . .under moss, on oak
202
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
PCJP-ffi]
DECEMBER
T.
populeti sub., at poplars,
especially Populus nigra
gracilis sub. , at willows,
sallows, and low plants
miniosa among fallen leaves,
&c.
munda under moss, at base
of oak
cruda sub., at oak
carpophaga . . . sub. , near Silene,
and Lychnis ; on the coast ;
found by raking sand-hill§
serena sub., near Sonchus,
and lettuce
glauca ... sub. , near sallow,
and birch
oleracea sub., near elm, nettle,
dock, &c. ; also in kitchen gar-
dens
thalassina sub. , near honey-
suckle
lithoriza near honeysuckle, in
a papery cocoon ; on the ground
verbasci ) sub. , in a cocoon,
scrophularise *^
.sub., near Sonchus,
near Ononis
lychnitis sub. , near white, and
black mullein
C. asteris ) sub. , near golden
„ gnaphalii \ rod, &c.
„ absynthii sub., near worm-
wood
„ chamomill8e...sub., near chamo-
mile, &c.
„ umbratica
&c.
H. marginata ...sub.,
procurrens
,, dipsacea among melilot, and
probably Silene otites, and
Linaria
A. myrtilli spun up, on heath
E. venustula at r. of Tormentilla
reptans, and grass
B. argentula among grass
B. parthenias ...at birch, in crevices
of bark ; or on the ground
A. urticas spun up, among
nettle leaves
„ triplasia spun up, among
nettle, hop, &c.
P. senea among Polygala
vulgaris
E. sambucalis ...spun up, in crevices
in palings, walls, &c. , near elder
G. canella among Salsola kali
IMAGOS
H. pennaria
P. pilosaria
H. rupicapraria, e. on hawthorn twigs
„ defoliaria
C. brumata conies to 1.
„ boreata
O. dilutata
P. populi
P. Cassinea, b —
P. plumigera ...
X. rhizolitha, h.
E. gelatella among sallow
H. radiatella, h.
P. caudella, h. ...
L. trifasciella ...among honeysuckle
NOTES ON LOCALITIES.
In spite of the encroachments constantly being made by advancing
"civilization," and the agricultural, and other improvements being carried
out, in large tracts of country, fortunately, for the sake of Entomological
and Botanical Science, we have still many localities left to us in a compara-
tive state of nature. The geological and physical features of a country are
well known to be the chief regulating agencies in the production of its Flora
and its Fauna. We are chiefly interested in the Insect Fauna only, and the
Flora upon which that mainly depends. If the observer is assured of the pro-
ductiveness of any particular locality in a special plant, or family of plants, he
may fairly conclude that there are corresponding Insects also to be found.
Hills, as a rule, (when moderately covered with a good variety of not-too-
closely planted wood) seem more productive than purely agricultural districts
in the vale, besides producing special Insects which are not to be found
elsewhere. Wet places, provided they are not too much exposed, produce
more insect-life than colder and dryer places. Thus forests, woods, heaths,
bogs, and especially fens, and sandy districts bordering the sea, are favourite
resorts of the Entomologist. In these latter places especially do we find
rare and interesting insects. Some of them are remarkably local, being
apparently confined to a very small space, not always precisely defined by
the range of the food-plant. In some of these districts, notably the " Breck"
districts of Norfolk and Suffolk, the ancient coast-line, inside the existing
line, is unmistakeably indicated, and produces its special plants and insects,
not to be found elsewhere in the kingdom. These are spots which are most
interesting from a scientific point of view, and ought never to be " hunted
to death," for the sake of the rare specimens they produce, or we may see
" the goose killed for the sake of the golden eggs," to our cost, — a process,
indeed, we are threatened with, in regard to some of our local insects, by
needy dealers, and greedy Collectors. Mr. Charles G. Barrett has done much
to make us acquainted with the riches of this " Breck" district, and the
neighbouring fens, and by his energy and intelligence has greatly enlarged
our scientific knowledge of many species.
Probably one of the best districts in this country for Insects is Rannoch,
which is doubtless largely due to the abundant vegetation of the heaths,
woods, and hills having from time immemorial remained wild and unshorn.
This it is, too, which makes our old forests such excellent hunting grounds
for local insects, particularly Sherwood Forest, and the New Forest. Epping
Forest, too, (now happily preserved against further encroachments from lucre-
loving lords-of-the-manor), was once a famous locality, and doubtless many
good species still linger there. The Forest of Dean has^ been somewhat
disappointing, probably because of the poorness of a good deal of the soil,
and the number of young plantations, interspersed with coal-pits and iron-
works ; while it is a difficult country to work, on account of its hilly character.
Bewdley Forest, Worcestershire, has yielded larvae of E. versicolora, and
Other good things.
204 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
Many of our moors, mosses, and heaths yield a fair number of good species,
or did do so some years ago ; and the undrained fens of Cambridge and
Norfolk have long been held in esteem for the richness of their Insect Fauna.
Many of the bare, wild districts in the North, "far removed from the haunts
of men," have, by sturdy and persistent hunting, been made to yield abun-
dantly. The Isle of Man, and the Hill of Howth, near Dublin, have attracted
some of our best Entomologists, and have been the means of adding several
new species to our Lists. The Isle of Portland is almost the only place
where some species of Acidalia are to be found, though success is not always
vouchsafed the wayfarer, owing to the villanously wet and windy weather
which largely prevails in that district. The coast of Dorset in two places,
the Burning Cliff, and Lulworth Cove, yields the very local skipper P. Actjeon.
The London District includes many good localities which can easily be
reached by railway. West Wickham wood, near Croydon, has yielded several
good species. The Collector is recommended to proceed from Croydon
towards the village of Addington, examining as he goes along the " Bishop's
fence" for N. carmelita, should he be there when it is due, and also the
birch, fir, and other tree trunks. The wood is near the inn. Coombe wood
has been worked by the older Entomologists with great success. It is pre-
served for shooting purposes by the Duke of Cambridge, from whose agent
Mr. Glutton, Whitehall-place, it is said to be possible to get an order for
admission in pursuit of insects.
Kent, besides being "the garden of England," is probably one of our
finest entomological counties. It is so largely blown upon from the sea ; it
has such a variety of soil and physical feature ; and it is so liberally inter-
spersed with well-wooded hills, that this is not to be wondered at. Fortunate
is the Entomologist sojourning or resident in London, with time and means
to hunt the coasts, and hills, and glades of sunny Kent.
It is on our coasts, marshes, and mountains that we are most likely to find
species hitherto unrecorded as British, if not absolutely new to Science.
Unfortunately working in these places involves a large expenditure of time,
while the labour is so severe that only the strongest can follow it up. If
some of our Societies could be induced to take this work up, by employing
trustworthy Collectors, they would, while adding materially to the richness of
their own collections, fulfil a legitimate function of their existence, and give
additional lustre to the reputation gained by England of late years in the path
of Entomological Discovery.
APPENDIX I.
SPECIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF PLANTS
MENTIONED IN THE CALENDAR.
Abies excelsa spruce fir
„ picea silver fir
Acer pseudo-platanus sycamore
„ campestre maple
Achillea millefolium yarrow
„ ptarmica sneezewort
Actaea spicata herb Christopher
./Egopodium podagraria gout weed
Aira canescens grey hair grass
,, csespitosa turfy hair grass
Agrimonia eupatoria agrimony
Alisma plantago greater water plantain
Alnus glutinosa alder
A lopecurus agrestis slender foxtail grass
Althea officinalis marsh mallow
„ rosea hollyhock
Ammophilia arundinacea v... sea reed, or marum
Anagalis arvensis .".... scarlet pimpernel, or poor man's weather
glass
Arenaria media sea-side sandwort
Angelica sylvestris wild angelica
Anthemis nobilis common chamomile
„ cotula stinking chamomile
Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil
„ vulgaris common beaked parsley
Anthyllis vulneraria woundwort, or kidney vetch
Aquilegia vulgaris columbine
Arabis rock cress, white arabis, &c.
Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi red bearberry
Artemisia campestris field southernwood
„ vulgaris mugwort
„ maritima sea wormwood
„ absynthium wormwood
vEsculus hippocastanum horse chesnut
Asparagus officinalis common asparagus
Asperula odorata sweet woodruff
Asphodelus luteus yellow asphodel
Asplenium Ruta muriaria wall-rue spleenwort
Aster novi belgii Michaelmas daisy
206 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
Atriplex orache
„ portulacoides .'.shrubby orache, or sea purslane
A vena pratensis narrow-leaved oatgrass
Ballota nigra black horeround
Balsamia hortensis balsam
Barbarea vulgaris yellow rocket, or bitter winter cress
Bartsia viscosa yellow viscid bartsia
Berberis vulgaris barberry
Beta maritima sea beet
Betula alba birch
Brachy podium sylvaticum slender false brome grass
Brassica oleracea cabbage
,, rapa turnip
„ napus ..rape
Bryonia dioica red-berried bryony
Briza media quaking grass
Bunium flexuosum earth nut
Calamagrotis epigejos wood reed
Callistephus chinensis China aster
Callitriche verna water star wort
Calluna erica heath, or ling
Caltha palustris marsh marigold
Calystegia sepium large convolvulus, or great bindweed
Campanula trachelium nettle-leaved campanula
„ rotundifolia harebell
Cardamine amara bitter lady's smock
„ pratensis common lady's smock
,( hirsuta : hairy bitter cress
Carduus nutans musk thistle
, , acanthoides welted thistle
„ lanceolatus spear plume thistle
„ crispus jagged thistle
Carex paniculata great panicled sedge
„ sylvatica pendulous wood sedge
„ paludosa lesser common sedge
„ riparia great common sedge
„ glauca glaucous heath sedge
„ intermedia soft brown marsh sedge
Carpinus betulus hornbeam
Castanea vulgaris Spanish chesnut
Centaurea nigra black knapweed
„ scabiosa great knapweed
Cerastium vulgatum broad-leaved mouse-ear chick weed
„ tomentosum woolley mouse-ear chickweed
, , arvense field chickweed, or mouse-ear
Cerasus avium wild cherry
,, padus bird cherry
,r laurocerasus laurel
Chenopodium album goosefoot
Chaerophyllum temulum rough chervil
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum ...ox eye
„ sineuse , . , chrysanthemum
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 207
Chrysosplenium alternifolium alternate -leaved golden saxifrage
Cichorium intybus wild stfccory
Circaea lutetiana enchanter's nightshade
Cirsium lanceolatum spear plume thistle
„ arvense (Carduus arvensis) creeping plume thistle
„ acaule ....dwarf plume thistle
Clematis vitalba clematis, or travellers' joy
Cochlearia armoracia horse radish
„ anglica English scurvy grass
,, officinalis common scurvy grass
„ danica Danish scurvy grass
Colutea arborescens bladder senna
Conium maculatum common hemlock
Convolvulus arvensis small convolvulus, or small bindweed
Cornus sanguinea dogwood, or wild cornel
Corylus avellana nut, or hazel
Cratsegus oxyacantha hawthorn, or whitethorn
Cucubalus bacciferus berry-bearing campion
Cupressus fastigata cypress
Cynoglossum officinale houndstongue
Cyperacse rush
Cytisus scoparius broom
Dactylis glomerata rough cocksfoot grass
Datura stramonium thorn-apple
Daucus carota common carrot
„ maritimus sea-side carrot
Delphinium .larkspur
Digitalis purpurea foxglove
Dipsacus sylvestris wild teazle
„ Fullonum fuller's teazle
Dryas ocopetala dryas, or mountain avens
Dryum capilare a common moss
Echium vulgare viper's bugloss
Elymus arenarius upright sea lyme grass
Empetrium nigrum crakeberry, or cro wberry
Epilobium montanum broad smooth-leaved willow herb
„ parviflorum small-flowered hairy willow herb
„ palustre narrow-leaved marsh willow herb
„ angustifolium rose bay willow herb
„ hirsutum great hairy willow herb
, , alsinifolium chick weed-leaved willow herb
Equisetum horsetail
Erica cinerea fine-leaved heath
„ tetralix cross-leaved heath
Erigeron acre blue fleabane
Eriophorum vaginatum cotton grass
Erithrsea centaurium common centaury
Erodium circutarium hemlock storksbill
Eryngium maritimum sea eryngo, or sea holly
Erysimum cheiranthoides treacle mustard
Eunonymus europoeus spindle
Eupatorium cannabinum hemp agrimony
208 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
Euphorbia esula leafy branched spurge
„ cyparissias cypress spurge
„ paralias sea spurge
Euphrasia officinalis eyebright
Fagus sylvalica beech
Festuca ovina . . sheep's fescue grass
„ duriuscula hard fescue grass
Ficaria ranunculoides pile wort
Fragaria vesca strawberry
Fraxinus excelsior ash
Fuschia coccinea scarlet fuschia
Galeopsis hemp nettle
Galium Mollugo hedge bedstraw
„ uliginosum '. rough marsh bedstraw
„ palustre white water bedstraw
„ sexatile smooth heath bedstraw
„ verum yellow bedstraw
Genista anglica needle greenwood
„ tinctoria dyer's greenwood
Gentiana campestris gentian
Geum urbanum herb Bennet, or wood avens
Glechoma hederacea ground ivy
Glyceria aquatica reed grass
Gnaphalium cudweed
Gymnadenia conopsea fragrant orchis
Habenaria bifolia butterfly orchis
Hedera helix ivy
Helianthemum vulgare sun cistus, or rock rose
Heracleum sphondylium cow parsley
Hesperis matronalis dame's violet
Hieracium pilosella mouse-ear hawk weed
„ umbellatum narrow-leaved hawkweed
Hippocrepis comosa tufted horse-shoe vetch
Hippophae rhamnoides sea buckthorn, or sallow thorn
Holcus mollis creeping soft grass
Humulus lupulus hop
Hyoscamus niger henbane
Hypericum perforatum perforated St. John's wort
Ilex aquifolium holly
Inula dysenterica fleabane
conyza ploughman's spikenard
Iris pseud-acorus yellow water iris, or flag
„ fcetidissima stinking iris
,, germanica fleur de luce, or purple flag
Jasione montana annual sheep's scabious
Jasminum officinale white jasmine
Juniperus sabina savine
„ communis juniper
Lactuca virosa strong scented wild lettuce
,, sativa garden lettuce
muralis ivy-leaved wall lettuce
Lamium purpureum red dead nettle
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 209
Lamium vulgatum common dead nettle
„ album white dead nettle
Lappa tomentosa downy-headed burdock
„ glabra ....smooth-headed burdock
Larix europoea larch
Lathy rus latifolius everlasting pea
,, sylvestris narrow-leaved everlasting pea
„ pratensis meadow vetchling
„ palustris blue marsh vetchling
Lemna minor duckweed
Ligustrum vulgare privet
Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax
„ spuria round-leaved toadflax, or fluellen .
Linum catharticum purging flax
Lithospermum arvense corn gromwell
Lonicera periclymenum honeysuckle, or woodbine
Lotus corniculatus common birdsfoot trefoil
„ major greater birdsfoot trefoil
Luzula pilosa broad-leaved wood rush
Lychnis sylvestris red campion
„ dioica white campion
„ flos-cuculi ragged robin
Lycium barbarum box thorn
Lycopsis arvensis bugloss
Lysimachia vulgaris great loosestrife
Lythrum salicaria spiked purple loosestrife
,, hyssopifolium hyssop-leaved purple loosestrife
Malva moschata musk mallow
„ sylvestris common mallow
Marubium vulgare white horeround
Matricaria chamomila wild chamomile
Medicago lupulina black mendick, or nonsuch
„ sativa lucerne
Melampyrum pratense yellow cow wheat
Melilotus officinalis yellow melilot
Melissa clinopodium wild basil
„ acinos basil thyme
Mentha arvensis corn mint
„ aquatica hairy mint
M enyanthes trifoliata buckbean
Milium effusam millet grass
Molinia coerulea lavender grass
Myosotis arvensis field forget-me-not, or scorpion grass
Myrica gale sweet gale
Nardus stricta small mat grass
Nepeta cataria cat mint
Nerum oleander oleander
Nuppar lutea yellow water lily
Odontites rubra wood chickweed
CEnanthe crocata hemlock waterdrop
Onobrychis sativa saintfoin
Ononis procurrens trailing rest harrow
p
210 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
Ononis spinosa spinous rest harrow
,, repens sea-side rest harrow
Origanum vulgare wild marjorum
Ornithopus perpusillus birdsfoot
Orobus sy 1 vaticus wood bitter vetch
„ tuberosus tuberous orobus
M niger black bitter vetch
Oxycoccus palustris cranberry
Papaver rhseas common red poppy
„ orientale ...large garden poppy
Pastinaca sativa parsnip
„ sylvestris wild parsnip
„ edulis garden parsnip
Petasites vulgaris butter bur
Peucedanum palustre milk parsley, or hog's fennel, or marsh
fennel
Phleum pratense cat's-tail, or timothy grass
Phragmites communis common reed
Picris hieracioides hawkweed picris
Pimpinella magna great burnet saxifrage
(I saxifraga common burnet saxifrage
Pinus sylvestris Scotch fir
„ strobus Weymouth fir
„ balsamea Canadian balsam fir
,r alba white fir
Plantago major greater plantain
, , lanceolata ribwort, or narrow-leaved plantain
„ maritima sea plantain
Platanus orientalis oriental plane tree
, , occidentalis American plane tree
Poa annua annual meadow grass
„ aquatica reed meadow grass
Polygala vulgaris milkwort
Polygonum aviculare knotgrass
, , hydropiper water pepper, or biting persicaria .
„ persicaria spotted persicaria
Polypodium filix-mas male fern
Populus alba white poplar
, , tremula aspen
„ nigra black poplar
„ fastigata Lombardy poplar
Potamogeton pectinatus fennel-leaved pondweed
Potentilla tormentilla ... tormentil
„ reptans creeping cinquefoil
„ anserina silver weed
Poteriam sanguisorba salad burnet
Primula vulgaris primrose
„ veris cowslip
Prunus spinosa .., sloe, or blackthorn
„ domestica plum
Pteris aquilina brake fern
Py rethrum inodorum corn feverfew
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 211
Pyrethram maritimum seaside feverfew
Pyrus communis pear
„ malus apple
„ aucuparia mountain ash
Quercus robur oak
,, . ilex evergreen oak
Ranunculus acris upright crowfoot
„ bulbosus bulbous crowfoot, or buttercup
Raphanus sativus radish
Reseda luteola weld
u lutea wild mignonette
„ odorata garden mignonette
Rhamnus catharticus common buckthorn
, , frangula berry-bearing alder
Rhinanthus crista galli yellow rattle
Rhynchospora alba white beak rush
Ribes uva-crispa gooseberry
„ rubrum red currant
,, nigrum black currant
Rosa spinosissima burnet-leaved rose
„ canina wild rose, or dog rose
„ centifolia cabbage rose
Rubia peregrina wild madder
Rubus idseus wild raspberry
„ fruticosus bramble, or blackberry
„ csesius dewberry
Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved dock
acutus sharp dock
crispus curled dock
hydrolapathum great water dock
acetosa ..common sorrel
acetosella sheep's sorrel
Salicornia herbacea jointed glasswort
„ radicans creeping glasswort
Salix fragilis crack willow
„ vitellina yellow willow, or golden osier
„ triandra long-leaved triandrous willow
„ viminalis common osier, or withy
„ cinerea grey sallow
„ aquatica water sallow
„ caprea great round-leaved sallow
„ repens creeping willow
Salsola kali prickly saltwort
Salvia pratensis sage, or meadow clary
Sambucus nigra elder
Saxifraga granulata white meadow saxifrage
Scabiosa arvensis field scabious
„ succisa devil's bit scabious
„ columbaria small scabious
Schoenus nigricans black bog rush
Scirpus lacustris .'.bullrush, or clubrush
Scleranthus perennis perennial knawel
212 THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
S cleranthus animus annual knawel
Scolopendrium vulgare common hartstongue
Scrophularia aquatica water figwort
„ nodosa knotted figwort
Scutellaria galericulata common skullcap
Sedum telephium orpine, or live-long
„ acre biting stonecrop, or wall pepper
„ reflexum crooked yellow stonecrop
,, album -white stonecrop
Senecio Jacobsea common ragwort
„ aquaticus marsh ragwort
„ vulgaris common groundsel
„ sylvaticus mountain groundsel
Sesleria cserulea blue moor grass
Silene acaulis moss campion
inflata bladder campion
maritima sea campion
otites Spanish catchfly
nutans Nottingham catchfly
Siiapis nigra black mustard
arvensis charlock
alba white mustard
Sisymbrium Sophia flixweed
Sium latifolium broad-leaved water parsnip
Solanum dulcamara woody nightshade
„ nigrum black nightshade
„ tuberosum potato
Solidago virgaurea golden rod
Sonchus arvensis corn sow thistle
,, oleraceus common sow thistle
Sparganium bur reed
Spinacia spinach
Spiraea ulmaria meadow sweet
Stachys betonica betony
„ sylvatica hedge woundwort
„ arvensis corn woundwort
Statice armeria sea pink, or thrift
, , limon ium spreading spiked sea thrift, or sea lavender
Stellaria uliginosa bog stitch wort
„ graminea lesser stitchwort
„ media common chickweed
„ holostea greater stitchwort
Stratiotes alo'ides water aloe, or water soldier
Symphoricarpos racemosus snowberry
Symphy turn offi cinale common comfrey
Syringa vulgaris lilac
Tamus communis black bryony
Tanaceum vulgare tansy
Taraxacum dens leonis..... dandelion
Teucrium scorodonia wild germander, or wood sage
Thalictrum minus lesser meadow rue
„ flavum common meadow rue
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR 213
Thymus serpyllum wild thyme
Tilia intermedia lime tree
Trifolium repens . . Dutch clover, white clover, or shamrock
„ procumbens hop trefoil
Tripolium vulgare sea starwort
Triticum repens couch grass
,, junceum rushy sea wheat grass
Tropseolum garden nasturtium
Tussilago farfara coltsfoot
Typha latifolia , reed mace
Ulex europoeus common furze
„ nanus dwarf furze
Ulmus campestris elm
„ montana wytch elm
Urtica dioica nettle, or stinging nettle
Vaccinium myrtillus bilberry
(l vitis idaea whortleberry
Valerian offi cinalis officinal valerian
Verbascum lychnitis white mullein
„ pulverulentum yellow hoary mullein
„ nigrum dark mullein
„ blattaria moth mullein
Veronica chamsedrys germander speedwell
Viburnum tinus laurestinus
„ lantana mealy guelder rose, or wayfaring tree
„ opulus guelder rose
Vicia cracca tufted vetch
„ sylvatica : wood vetch
Ir lutea yellow vetch
„ sativa common vetch
„ sepium bush vetch
Viola odorata sweet violet
„ canina dog violet
„ tricolor wild heartsease
Vitis vinifera .. vine
APPENDIX II.
of British
WITH THE TIMES OF THEIR APPEARANCE.
ABBREVIATIONS. — The Roman numerals are used to indicate the Months, thus : —
I January ; n February ; in March ; iv April ; v May ; vi June ; vn July ; vm August ;
ix September ; x October ; xi November ; xn December. The abbreviations used for the
Nomenclators' names are as follow : — B. Boisduval, Ba. Barrett. Be. Bedell, Ben. Bentley,
Bjer. Bjerkander, Bk. Borkhausen, Bou. Bouche, Br. Bruand, C. Curtis, Clk. Clerck, Crw.
Crewe, D. Duponchel, Db. Doubleday, Desv. Desvignes, Dg. Douglas, Don. Donovan, E.
Esper, Ed. Edleston, Evers. Eversmann, F. Fabricius, Fisch. Dr. F. Fischer, Fors. Forster,
F.R. Fischer E. von Rolerstamm, Frr. Freyer, Fro. Frolich, Fu. Fuessly, G. Guenee, Gm.
Germar, Go. Goetze, Gregs. Gregson, H. Hubner, Hckw. Hochenwarth, Hey. Heyden, Hf.
Hufnagel, Hml. Hummel, H.S. Herrich Schaffer, Htch, Hatchet, Hw. Hawarth, ///. Illiger,
K. Kirby, Kn. Knoch, Kol. Kollar, Kngs. Knaggs, L. Linne, Lch. Leach, Ld. Lederer,
Lef. Lefebvre, Lnig. Lienig, Lo. Logan, Ls. Laspeyres, Lt. Latreille, M. Mann, Me.
McLachlin, N. Newman, Ni. Nicelli, O. Ochsenheimer, Ol. Olivier, P. Panzer, Pal. Palmer,
Pey. Peyerimhoff, Rbr. Rambur, Rt. Rottemburg, Rtz. Ratzburg, S. Scopoli, S. V.
Systematisches Verzeichniss der Weiner Gegend, Sax, Saxesen, Sc. Scott, Schlg. Schlager,
Si. Sircom, S&. Schrank, So. Sodoffsky, i$j. Stephens, Stn. Stainton, Tan. Tauscher, Tengs,
Tengstrom, Thnb. Thunberg, Ti. Tischer, Tr. Treitsche, V. Vieweg, Va. Vaughan, Vill. de
Villers, Wd. Wood, Wk. Wocke, Wlk. Wilkinson, Wsd. Westwood, Z. Zeller, Zk. Zincken,
Ztt. Zetterstedt.
DIURNI.
PAPJUON1DM
PAPILIO, L. I OVA
\ LARV>E
1 PUP/E I IMAGOS
^f ACHAON L • vi
VI tO VIII
VIII V to VII
PIERID&
LEUCOPHASIA, Ss.
SINAPIS, L v vi and vm vi and ix x
PIERIS, Sk.
CRATVEGI, L vi vm to v
BRASSICJE, L v and vm vi and ix
RAP;E, L v and vm vi and ix
NAPI, L v and vm vi and IX
DAPLIDICE, L v and vm vi and ix
ANTHOCHARIS, B.
CARDAMINES, L v vn
RHODOCERIDM
GONOPTERYX, L.
RHAMNI, L iv vi vn
COLIAS, F.
EDUSA, F. v to ix vi vn
HYALE, L v vn
vn & ix to iv iv v and via
VI
VII & IX to IV
VII & IX to IV
VII & IX tO IV
VII & IX to IV
VII tO V
VIII
VIII
V VI VII
IV tO VIII
IV tO VIII
IV tO VIII
v and vm
vi to vm to iv
VII VIII tO IV
THE LEPIDC
)PTERIST7S CALENDAR
215
VANESSID&
ARGYNNIS, F.
| OVA
LARV>£
PUP/E
I IMAGOS
PAPHIA, L
VII
VIII tO VI
VI
VI VII
AGLAIA, L
VIII
VIII tO VI
VI
vi vn
NIOBE, L
. , .VIII
VIII tO V
VI
VI VII
ADIPPE, S.V.
. . .VIII
VIII tO VI
VI
VI VII
LATONA, L
. ..VIII IX
VIII tO V
VI
VIII IX
VII tO V
IV
v vi and s. vm
SELENE, S.V.
. ..VI
VII to V
V
v vi and s. vm
MELI1VEA, F.
ARTEMIS, S.V.
..VI
VIII to IV
IV
V VI
CINXIA, L
, .VI
VII tO V
V
V VI
ATHALIA, E
. .VII
VIII tO V
VI
VI VII
VANESSA, F.
C-ALBUM, L
. . .v and vn
V and viu
vi and ix
VI VII & IX tO IV
URTIOE, L
iv v and vn
v vi and vm
vi and vm
VI VII & IX tO IV
POLYCHLOROS, L. ...
. . . v s. x
s. x to v vi
VII
VII tO V
ANTIOPA, L
V
VI VII
VII
VII tO V
Io,L
IV V
VI VII
VII
VII VIII tO V
ATALANTA, L
V
VI VII
VII
VII VIII tO VI
CARDUI, L
, VI
VI VII to IX
VII to IX
VII tO V
NYMPHALIDJE
LIMENITIS, F.
SIBYLLA, L
. .VII
vm to v
VI
VI VII
APATURA, F.
IRIS, L
VII
VIII tO V
VI
VII
SATYR ID&
ARGE, B.
GALATEA, L
, .VII
' VIII tO V
VI
VII
EREBIA, B.
EPIPHRON, Kn
VIII tO V
VI VII
MEDEA, S.V.
..VIII
IX tO V
VI
VII VIII
SATYRUS, F.
^EGERIA, L
v and vin
VI VII & IX tO III
iv and vn
iv and vn vm
MEG^ERA, L
v and vm
VI VII & IX tO IV
iv and vn
v and vm
SEMELE, L
VII
VIII tO VI
VI
VII
IANIRA, L
. .VII
VIII tO V
VI
VI VII
TlTHONUS, O
..VII
VIII tO VI
VI
VII
HYPERANTHUS, L... .
. .VII
VIII tO VI
VI
VI VII
CCENONYMPHA,
H.S.
DAVUS, L
. .VI
VIII tO V
VI
VI VII
PAMPHILUS, L
. .V
v vi and vm
iv and vii
v tox
LYCMNID&
THECLA, F.
RUBI, L
.V
vn and x
VIII tO IV
v vi and s. vm
QUERCUS, L
VII tO IV
V VI
VI
VII
W-ALBUM, Kn
...VII to IV
V VI
VI
VI VII
PRUNI, L
. ..VII tO III
V VI
VI
VI VII
BETULi«, L
. . .X
V VI
VII
VII VIII
POLYOMMATUS,
Lt.
HlPPOTHOE, L
, ..VIII
VIII tO VI [tO IV
VII
VII VIII
PHLCEAS, L
. ..vi and x
V VI & VIII & X
iv and x
IV & VI VIII & X
LYCjENA, F.
BCETICA, L
VII tO IX
VIII IX
^EGON, S.V.
VII tO II
V VI
VI
VII VIII
I OVA
*XES, F
V
VI
VI
S.V.....
VIII
vii and ix to iv
iv and vii
v vi and vin
s.v. ....
... .v and ix
iv and vin
v and vin
v vi and vin ix
S.V. ....
X
v and vn vin
v and vin
v vi and vin
i,S
IX
x to vi
VII
VII VIII
/;
VI VII
. V.
VI
VII
IV
V VI
s,L
vi and ix
iv v and vin
...VI
VII tO IV?
VI
2l6
CORYDON, 6".
Acis, S.
ALSUS,
ARGIOL
ARION,
ERYCINID&
NEMEOBIUS, Ss.
LUCINA, L vi
HESPERIDsE
SYRICHTHUS, B.
ALVEOLUS, H. v
THANAOS, B.
TAGES, L v
HESPERIA, B.
PANISCUS, E vi
SYLVANUS, E vii
COMMA, L vin to in
LINEA, S.V. vii
ACTION, E
SPHINGID&
SMERINTHUS, O.
OCELLATUS, L
POPULI, L v
TlLI/E, L
ACHERONTIA, O.
ATROPOS, L
SPHINX, O.
CONVOLVULI, L
LIGUSTRI, L
DEILEPHILA, O.
EUPHORBIA, L
GALII, S.V.
LlNEATA, F.
CH/EROCAMPA, D.
CELERIO, L
PORCELLUS, L
ELPENOR, L
NERII, L
MACROGLOSSA, O.
STELLATARUM, L v
FUCIFORMIS, L vi
BOMBYLIFORMIS, O
SESIDM
SESIA, F.
MYOP/EFORMIS, Bk
CULICIFORMIS, L
FORMIC/EFORMIS, E
CHRYSIDIFORMIS, E
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARWE
PUP/E
IV
vn and ix to iv
IX
v and vii
vin to vi
VI
NOCTURNI
VIII
VIII IX
VIII IX
VII
IX
VIII IX
VIII IX X
VI VII
VIII IX
VIII
VIII
IX
x to v
x to v
x to v
IV V
IV
IV V
VI
IMAGOS
v and s. vin
v and vin
VI
v vi and vin
VII VIII
VII
VII VIII
vn and s. x
vi to ix
vi to vin
VIII IX
v and ix to n
v vi
v vi
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
217
OVA | LARVXE
PUPXE | IMAGOS
ONIFORMIS, F. VII
RMIS, O IV V
3RMIS, V. VII tO IX
RMIS, L X tO IV
FORM IS, Ls. . .
DRMIS, Bk IV
)RMIS, F. IV
VI VII
V V VI -«,
V VI VII
V VI
VI
VI VII
V V VI
MIS, R t IV
V VI
FORMIS, H. . . . . IX tO V
s, L. . . ix to iv
V VII
V V VI
ZENZERIDM
MACROGASTER, D.
ARUNDINIS, //.
ZENZERA, Lt.
./ESCULI, L i
COSSUS, F.
LlGNIPERDA, F. A
HEPIALID&
HEPIALUS, F.
HECTUS, L i
LUPULINUS, L
SYLVINUS, L
VELLEDA, H.
HUMULI, L
COCLIOPIDsE
LIMACODES, Lt.
ASELLUS, S.V.
TESTUDO, S.V.
PROCRIDsE
PROCRIS, F.
STATICES, L
GERYON, H.
GLOBULARI^E, //.
ZYG.ENA, F.
MINOS, 6". V.
NUBIGENA, Ld.
EXULANS, Hcfaw
TRIFOLII, E
MELILOTI, E
LONICER^E, E
FlLIPENDUL^S, L
SYNTOMIDsE
SYNTOMIS, ///.
PHEGEA, L
NACLIA, B.
AXCILLA, L
NOLID&
NOLA, Lch.
CUCULLATELLA, L
CONFUSALIS, H.S
STRIGULA, S.V.
CENTONALIS, //.
ALBULALIS, H.
Q
VIII tO V
VIII tO V
VII
VIII tO V
VIII tO IV
VIII IX
IX
VI VII
VI
VI
V VI
VI
V
VII
VII tO IV
VI
VII
VII tO V VI
VI
VI
VI VII
VII tO V VI
VI
VII tO V VI
VI
IX tO V
VI VII VIII
VI
2l8
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LITHOSIDM
NUDARIA, S*. | OVA
| LARWE | PUP^E
| IMAGOS
SENEX, H.
V VI
VII VIII
MUNDANA, L
V VI
VII
SETINA, Sk.
IRRORELLA, L.
v
VI tO VIII
CALLIGENIA, D.
MINI AT A, Forst. vn
VIII tO V VI
VI VII
LITHOSIA, F.
MESOMELLA, L
VIII tO V
VI VII
MUSCERDA, Hf.
V VI
VII VIII
AUREOLA, H
IX tO V
V VI VII
PYGMAOLA, Db ,
IV tO VI
VIII
CANIOLA, H.
VI
VIII
DEPLANA, E
VI V VI
VI VII
LURIDEOLA, Tr.
VIII tO V VI V VI
VI VII
MOLYBDEOLA, G
VII tO V VI
VII
COMPLANA, L
VIII tO V VI VI
VII
GRISEOLA, H.
VIII tO VI VI
VI VII
STRAMINEOLA, Db
VIII tO VI
VI tO VIII
QUADRA, L
V VI VI
VII VIII
RUBRICOLLIS, L
VIII IX X III
v to vii
EULEPIA, C.
GRAMMICA, L
V
VI VII
CRIBRUM, L
VIII tO V
VII
EUCHELIDJE
DEIOPEIA, 6-5.
PULCHELLA, L
VII
v to ix
EUCHELIA, B.
JACOBE^E, L
V
VI VII
CALLIMORPHA, Lt.
HERA, L
IX tO V
VIII
DOMINULA, L
VIII tO V
VI
CHELONID&
EUTHEMONIA, S.
RUSSULA, L vi
IX tO V
vi and s. vin
CHELONIA, Lt.
PLANTAGINIS, L
VIII tO IV V
V VI
CAIA, L .•
VIII tO VI
VII
VlLLICA, L VII
VIII tO V
VI
ARCTIA, B.
FULIGINOSA, L
iv and vin
v vi and vm
MENDICA, L
VIII IX tO IV
IV tO VI
LUBRICIPEDA, L
VIII IX tO V
V VI
MENTHRASTI, S.V,
VIII IX tO V
V VI
URTIC.E, E
VIII X tO V
VI
LIPARID^
LIPARIS, 0.
CHRYSORRH^EA, L
IX tO V
VII VIII
AURIFLUA, F.
IX tO V
VII
SALICIS, L vin
VIII tO V VI
VII VIII
DISPAR, L vm to in
V
VI VII
MONACHA, L VIII tO III
v to vii vii
VII VIII
ORGYIA, 0.
PUDIBUNDA, L V VI
VIII IX IX tO IV
V VI
THE LEPIDOPTERISTS CALENDAR
219
| OVA
| LARV/E | PUPXE
| IMAGO3
FASCEI.TXA, L
IX tO V
VI
CCENOSA, H.
VIII
VI tO VIII
GONOSTIGMA, L VI VII
IX to V
VI VII S. VIII
ANTIQUA, L vii
vn to ix
VII VIII X
DEMAS, Ss.
CORYLI, L
VI VII & S. X X
IV VI S. IX
BOMBYCID/E
TRICHIURA, 5*.
CRATVEGI, L ix to in
V VI VII
VIII IX
PCECILOCAMPA, Ss.
POPULI, L xi to in
V VI VIII tO X
XI XII
ERIOGASTER, G.
LANESTRIS, L iv
v to vii vii to i
II III IV
BOMBYX, L.
NEUSTRIA, L. . . . vn to in
v to vii vii
VII VIII
CASTRENSIS, L vn to in
VI VII
VII VIII
RUBI, L
IX tO V
V VI
ROBORIS, Sk
IX tO VI
VI VII VIII
QUERCUS, L
IX to V
VII VIII
TRIFOLII, S. V.
IX tO VI
VIII
ODONESTIS, Gm.
POTATORIA, L
IX to V VI
VII
LASIOCAMPA, Lt.
QUERCIFOLIA, L
IX to V VI
VI
ILICIFOLIA, L
VIII
IV V
ENDROMIS, 0.
VERSICOLORA, L iv
VI VII VIII to III
III IV
SATURNTA, Sk.
CARPINI, S.V. v
VIII X to IV
IV V
GEOMETRY
URAPTERIDsE
OURAPTERYX, Lch.
SA.MBUCATA, L
IX tO V VI
VII
ENNOMIDM
EPIONE, D.
VESPERTARIA, L vn to iv
V VI VI
VI VII
APICIARIA, S.V. vni to iv
V VI VI
VII VIII
ADVENARIA, H. v vi
VIII
V VI VII
RUM I A, D.
CRAT^EGATA, L iv and ix
VI & IX tO III
iv to ix
VENILIA, D.
,
MACULATA, L
IX
V VI
ANGERONA, D.
PRUNARIA, L
x to iv v
VI VII
METROCAMPA, Lt.
MARGARITATA, L
IX tO V VI
VI VII
ELLOPIA, Ss.
FASCIARIA, L
IX to IV V VI
VI VII VIII
EURYMENE, D.
DOLOBRARIA, L
VIII IX X tO V
V VI
PERICALLIA, 6>.
SVRINGARIA, L
IX tO VI VI
vi vii and s. vni
22O
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
SELENIA, H.
| OVA
| LARV>£
| PUP>E
| IMAGQS
ILLUNARIA, H.
, . .iv and vn
VI and ix
in iv and vn
LUNARIA, S.V.
VIII
VIII to IV
IV V VI
ILLUSTRARIA, H. ...
vi and ix x
iv v and vn vni
ODONTOPERA, 61
s.
BlDENTATA L
VIII IX
IX tO IV
IV V
CROCALLIS, T.
ELINGUARIA, L
...VIII tO II
v
VI
VII VIII
ENNOMOS, T.
ALNIARIA, L
. . .ix to v
VII VIII
VIII
IX X
TlLIARIA, Bk
, . .IX tO V
VI VII
VIII
VIII IX
FUSCANTARIA, Hw. .
. . .IX tO V
• vi vn
VIII
VIII IX
EROSARIA 6" V
IX tO V
VI
VII
VII tO IX
ANGULARIA, 6". V.
IX tO IV
VI tO VIII
VI VII
vn to ix
HIMERA, D.
PENNARIA, L
x to iv
V
VIII IX
X XI
A MPHIDA S YDM
PHIGALIA, D.
PlLOSARIA 6* V
V VI
IX tO XI
XII to III
NYSSIA, D.
ZONARIA, S.V.
V VI
IX tO IV ?
HlSPIDARIA, S.V. ...
. . .IV
V VI
VI tO I
II III
LAPPONARIA, B.
BISTON, Lch.
HlRTARIA, L
, . .IV
VI VII
IX
III IV V
AMPHIDASIS, T.
PRODROMARIA, ^S1. V. .
VI VII
VIII tO II
II III IV
BETULARIA L
VIII tO X
x to iv
V VI
BO ARM I D^
HEMEROPHILA,
St.
ABRUPTARIA, Thnb. .
VI
IX tO IV
IV V VI VIII
CLEORA, C.
VlDUARIA, S.V.
VI
GLABRARIA, H.
V VI
VI
VII
LlCHENARIA, Hf. . . .
IX tO V
VI VII
BOARMIA, Tr.
REPANDATA, L
. ..VII
IX tO IV
V
VI VII
RHOMBOIDARIA, 6\ V.
. .VII
IX tO IV
v
VI VII
PERFUMARIA, N.
. . .VII
IV tO VI
VI VII
ABIETARIA, S.V. ...
...VII
IX tO VI
VI
VII
CINCTARIA, S.V.
VI
IX
V VI
ROBORARIA, S. V.
VII
IX tO V
v
VI VII
CONSORTARIA, F. ...
. . .VII
VIII
VI VII
TEPHROSIA, B.
CONSON \RIA, H.
VII VIII
x to iv
v
CREPUSCULARIA, S. V.
VIII IX
x to i
II III IV
BlUNDULARIA, E. . . .
VI
x to in
IV V
EXTERSARIA, H.
VIII IX
x to v
VI
PtfNCTULATA, 6". V. .
VIII
x to iv
V VI
GNOPHOS, T.
OBSCURATA, S.V.
. . .VII VIII
IX tO V
VII
DAS YD I A, G.
OBFUSCATA, S.V. ...
. . .VII
ix to vi
vn vni
PSODOS, T.
TREPIDARIA, H. . .
VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
MNIOPHILA, B. \ OVA | LARVXE
CINERARIA, S.V. v vi
BOLETOBIDJE
BOLETOBIA, B.
FULIGINARIA, L VII
GEOMETRIDM
PSEUDOPTERPNA, H.S.
CVTISARIA, S.V. V VI
GEOMETRA, B.
PAPILIONARIA, L x to v
S.MARAGDAKIA, F. V
NEMORIA, H.
VlRIDATA, L VI VIII
IODIS, H.
VERNARIA, L
LACTEARIA, L
PHORODESMA, B.
BAIULARIA, 6". V. vi vn
HEMITHEA, D.
THYMIARIA, L
EPHIRIDM
EPHYRA, D.
PORATA, F.
PUNCTARIA, L
TRILINEARIA, Bk
OMICRONARIA, 6". V.
ORBICULARIA, H.
PENDULARIA, L
ACIDALID&
HYRIA, 6\r.
AURORARIA, H. VIII tO V
ASTHENA, H.
LUTEATA, S. V. VIII tO X
CANDIDATA, S.V. iv
SYLVATA, S. V vni
BLOMERARIA, Db vni ix
EUPISTERIA, B.
HEPARATA, S.V. vni ix
VENUSIA, C.
CAMBRICARIA, G vni ix
ACIDALIA, T.
OCHRATA, S
YEROCHRARIA, Fisch. ..
RUBRICATA, vS". V. VII VIII tO V
SCUTULATA, 6". V. VII VIII to V
BlSETATA, Hf. VII VIII tO V
TRIGEMINATA, Hw vi vn
CONTIGUARIA, H. VIII to V
HERBARIATA, F. x to v
RUSTICATA, 6". V. VII VIII tO V
OSSEATA, S.V. VIII to IV
DlLUTARIA, H.
INTERJECTARIA, B vni to v
HOLOSERICATA, D VII VII to V
INCANARIA, H. vu ix
PUPXE
221
| IMAGOS
VII
VI VII
VII
IX tO VJ
VII
IX
x to v v vi
VII tO V
VI VII S. IX
V
VI VII
IX
IX to IV V VI
VII tO IX
viii to iv v vi and s. vn
VIII tO X
IX tO IV V VI
VIII tO X
V VI
VIII
V VI
VII
viii to iv iv v vi and s. vn
V VI
V VI
VI VII
V VI VII
VI
VI
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
vi and via
VI VII
VI VII
VII
VI
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII VIII
222
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I OVA
I LARV>£
PUP>E
IMAGOS
ClRCELLATA, G VII
VIII
VI
ORNATA, 6" vn
VII S. tO IV
v to viii
PROMUTATA, G
S. VII VIII tO V
VI VIII IX
STRAMINATA, T. vn
VII to V
VI VII
MANCUNIATA, Kngs
VII
VII VIII
SUBSERICEATA, Hw VII
VII
VI VII VIII
STRIGARIA, H.
VI
VI
IMMUTATA, L
VIII tO V
vi vii and s. ix
REMUTATA, H.
VIII tO IV
V VI
FUMATA, Ss VII
VIII tO V
VI
STRIGILATA, S.V. vn
VIII tO VI
VII
IMITARIA, H.
V VI
VIII
EMUTARIA, H. vn
VII tO V
VI VIII
AVERSATA, L vn
IX tO V
VI VII
INORNATA, Hw
VIII
VI VII
DEGENERARIA, H.
VIII tO IV
VI VII
EMARGINATA, L vn
VII
VI VII
TIMANDRA, B.
AMATARIA, L vn
IX tO V
VI VII
CABERID&
CABERA, TV.
PUSARIA, L
VII to IX
V VI
ROTUNDARIA, Hw
IX
V
EXANTHEMARIA, 6"
X X tO V
V VI
CORYCIA, D.
TEMERATA, S.V. vi
VII
V VI
TAMINATA, 6". V.
VII
V VI
ALEUCIS, G.
PlCTARIA, C
VII?
IV
MACARIDM
MACARIA, C.
ALTERNATA, ^S". V.
IX
VI VII
NOT AT A, L
IX
V VI
LlTURATA, L
IX X tO IV
V VI VII
HALIA, D.
VAUARIA, L
V
VII
FJDQmDM
STRENIA, D.
CLATHRATA, L
XtOIV
V VI
PANAGRA, G.
PETRARIA, H. v
VI
V VI
NUMERIA, D.
PULVERARIA, L
VII VIII
IV V VI
SCODIONA, B.
BELGIARIA, H. vi
VIII tO IV
V VI
SELIDOSEMA, H.
PLUMARIA, S.V.
V
VII VIII
FIDONIA, Tr.
CARBONARIA, L
VII
IV V
ATOMARIA, L
VII tO V
V VI
PINIARIA, L vi
VIII IX
IV V VI
PlNETARIA, H. VII tO III
IV V
VI VII
CONSPICUATA, S.V. ... .VII
VIII IX IX to V
VI VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
223
MI NO A, Tr. OVA
1 LARWE PUPXE
| IMAGOS
El'PHORBIATA, 5. V. VII
VIII IX X tO V
V VII VIII
SCORIA, Ss.
DEALBATA, L vi
IX tO V V VI
VI
STERRA, H.
SACRARIA, L vin
vi and ix
V VII VIII IX X
LYTHRIA, H.
PURPURARIA, L
VIII?
V VI VII
APLASTA, H.
ONONARIA, Fu
iv and ix
V VII VIII
ASPILATES, Tr.
STRIGILLARIA, H. vi
VIII tO V V
VI VII
CITRARIA, H. v and vin
vn and x vin
v and vin
GlLVARIA, S.V.
IX tO VI
VIII
ZERENIDM
ABRAXAS, Lch.
GROSSULARIATA, L
V VI
VI VII VIII
ULMATA, F.
IX
VI VII
LIGDIA, G.
ADUSTATA, S.V. vii
V VI IX tO IV
V VI VII
LOMASPILIS, H.
MARGINATA, L
vi and ix
v and vin
LIGID^
PACHYCNEMIA, Ss.
HlPPOCASTANARIA, H. ..
ix to v
v
HYBERNID^
HYBERNIA, Lt.
RUPICAPRARIA, 6". V. .... II
V VII tO I
XII I II
LEUCOPHEARIA, S.V. . . in
V VI VII tO I
I II in
AURANTIARIA, H. XI tO III
VI VII VII tO IX
X XI
PROGEMMARIA, H.
V VI VII tO I
II III
DEFOLIARIA, L xi to in
V VII tO I
X XI XII
ANISOPTERYX, S*.
.(ESCULARIA, S. V.
V VI X tO I
II III IV
LARENTIDM
CHEIMATOBIA, .S*.
BRUMATA, L xi to in
V
XI XII
BOREATA, H xi to in
VI
X XI XII
OPORABIA, Ss.
DlLUTATA, S.V. XI tO III
V VI
IX tO XII
FlLIGRAMMARIA, H.S. ..IX tO II
II tO IV
VIII IX
LARENTIA, Tr.
DlDYMATA, L
IV V
VI
MULTISTRIGARIA, Hw. . . IV
VI
IV
OESIATA, S.V. VII
IX tO V
VI
RUFICINCTATA, G
v
VII
SALICATA, H.
VI VII
OLIVATA, S.V. vni
x to iv
vi vn vin
PECTINITARIA, Fu
VIII IX
V VI
EMMELESIA, Sj.
AFFINITATA, Ss
VIII
VI
ALCHEMILLATA, L
VIII IX
VI
ALBULATA, S. V. vi
VIII X tO IV
V. VI
DECOLORATA, H.
VII
VI
224
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I OVA
LARVXE
PUPXE
TJEXIATA, Ss vin?
UNIFASCIATA, H. vin ix x
BIFASCIATA ?
ERICETATA, C
BLANDIATA, 6". V. ix
EUPITHECIA, C.
VENOSATA, F. vn
CONSIGNATA, Bk VI
LlNARIATA, S. V. '. . VIII .
PULCHELLATA, *$£ VII
CENTAUREATA, S.V. .. vin ix
SUCCENTURIATA, L VIII IX
VALERIANATA, H. vn
SUBFULVATA, Hw IX X
SUBUMBRATA, S.V. VIII IX
PERNOTATA, G
PLUMBEOLATA, Hw vn vin
ISOGRAMMATA, Tr. VII VIII
PYGM^ATA, H. vi vn
HELVETICATA, B ix
ARCEUTHATA, Frr. x
SATYRATA, H. ix
EGENARIA, H.S
CASTIGATA, H. vin to x
TRISIGNATA, H. S ix
LARICIATA, Frr. va
VlRGAUREATA, Db VIII IX
ALBIPUNCTATA, Hw. . . ix
PUSILLATA, S.V. VI VII
IRRIGUATA, H. vi
PIMPINELLATA, H. vi and ix
FRAXINATA, Crw vin ix
EXTENSARIA, Frr
INNOTATA, H. vin ix
INDIGATA, H. vn
CONSTRICTATA, G IX
NANATA, H. vin ix to v
SUBNOTATA, H. VIII IX
CAMPANULATA, H.S. . . vin ix
VULGATA, Hw vii and ix
EXPALLIDATA, -G IX
ABSYNTHIATA, L ix x
MlNUTATA, G VIII IX tO V
ASSIMILATA, Db —and ix X
TENUIATA, H. in iv
SUBCILIATA, G VIII tO IV V
DODONEATA, G VI VII
ABBREVIATA, ,S.r vi vn
EXIGUATA, H. IX X
SOBRINATA, H. VII V VI
TOGATA, H. VIII
PUMILATA, H. vi and —
CORONATA, H. VII VIII
IX tO IV
IX tO IV
IX tO IV
I IMAGOS
VI VII
VI VII
VII VIII
VI VII
V VI VII VIII
iv v and vn vin
iv v
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
| OVA | LARWE | PUP/E
225
I IMAGOS
RECTANGULATA, L
DEBILIATA, H
COLLIX, G.
SPARSATA, H.
LOBOPHORA, C.
SEXALATA, //.
HEXAPTERATA, S. V.
VIRETATA, H.
LOBULATA, H. IV
POLYCOMMATA, S.V. . . IV V
THERA, 6s.
JUNIPERATA L
IV V V VI
IV V
VIII IX
IX
VIII
VII VIII
VIII
VI
VIII IX
vi and x
vn and in to v
IV V
IX IV
VIII IX III IV
x to v vi
V VI
VII VIII VIII tO V
VIII IX VIII tO V
VIII IX tO V
junipers, in Scotland.
VIII IX XI tO V
:onfounded with Tristata.
VIII IX X tO V
VII VIII
vi and ix
vi and ix
x to in iv
vn and ix
vi and ix
VIII
VIII X to V
VI VII tO III
VI VII tO III
vi and ix
x to in iv
IX
vn and ix
VIII
iv v and via
IV
VIII IX
IX
V VI
VIII & IX tO IV
VI
VI
VI
V VI
IV V
V VI
III IV
IV
X
iv v and vni
vi and vni
vn and ix
V VI
v
VI VII
VII
V VI
V VI VII
VI VII
VI
VI VII
V VI VII
VI VII
VII VIII
v and vu
V VII VIII
v vi and ix
iv v and via
VI
VI
III IV
III IV V
v and vni
VI VII
V VI
v vi and vin
v vi and vni
VI VII
VI VII
vn and ix to v
VI VII
? and vin
V VI VII VIII
SlMULATA H
VARIATA 5" V
FlRMATA, H.
YPSIPETES, S*.
RUBERATA, Frr.
IMPLUVIATA, S.V.
ELUTATA, H. vn
MELANTHIA, D.
RUBIGINATA, S.V. VII tO IV
OCELLATA, L VI
ALBICILLATA, L v
MELANIPPE, D.
HASTATA, L
TRISTATA, L Taken among
LUCTUATA, H.
Probably c
PROCELLATA, S.V. vn
UNANGULATA, Hw
RIVATA, H.
SOCIATA, Bk
MONTANATA, S.V. VI VII VIII
GALIATA 6" V
FLUCTUATA, L
ANTICLEA, Ss.
SlNUATA, S.V
RUBIDATA, 6\ V. VI VII
BADIATA, S. V. in
DERIVATA, S.V. in iv
BERBERATA, S.V.
COREMIA, G.
M UN IT AT A, H. VI
PROPUGNATA, S.V.
FERRUGATA, L v
UNIDENTARIA, ffw
QUADRIFASCIARIA, G. . .
CAMPTOGRAMMA, Ss.
BlLINEATA, L
FLUVIATA H vn
PHIBALAPTERYX, Ss.
TERSATA, S.V. . . . .
LAPIDATA, H.
LIGNATA, H. vn and ix
R
226
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
OVA
LARV/E | PUP>E
IMAGOS
POLYGRAMMATA, Bk. . . Ill and VIII IX
VITALBATA, S. V. vii vni vi and x v vi and vin
SCOTOSIA, 6V.
DUBITATA, L IV VI VII VIII to III
VKTULATA, S.V. vii to in? vi vi vii
RHAMNATA, -S". V, v vi vi vi vn
CERT AT A, H. vi vn v vi
UNDULATA, L ix x vi vn
CIDARIA, Tr.
PSITTACATA, S. V. vii vni ix ix x xi to in
MlATA, L VIII IX IX X tO V
PlCATA, H. VII VIII IX tO V VI VII
CORYLATA, Thnb vi vin ix v vi
SAGITTATA, F. ...vn vin x to v vn
RUSSATA, ,5". V. v and vin vii and x to iv vn and v v vi and vin
IMMANATA, Hw vin to in v to vii vn vni ix
SUFFUMATA, S. V. IX X III IV V
SILACEATA, S. V. vii and ix vn and x to iv v vi and vin
RETICULATA, S. V. vii
PRUNATA, L vii to iv v vi vi v vi vii
TEST AT A, L ..vni to iv v vi vn and ix
POPULATA, S.V. VIII tO IV V VII
FULVATA, Fors vii v vi vii
PYRALIATA, S.V vm to in v vn
DOTATA, L VIII tO IV VI VII
PELURGA, H.
COMITATA, L VIII IX X to VI VII
EU BO LI DM
EUBOLIA, D.
CERVINARIA, 61. V. xi to iv vi vii vin ix x
MENSURARIA, S.V. .... vi vi vn vin
M^ENIATA, 6" V VIII
PALUMBARIA, S.V. v vi
BlPUNCTARIA, S.V. X tO V VII
LINEOLATA, S. V. v and vin s. TVVVI&IX x to iv v vi vn vin
CARSIA, H.
IMBUTATA, H. vi vn
ANAITIS, B.
PLAGIATA, L vn and x to iv v vi and vin ix
LITHOSTEGE, H.
GRISEATA, S.V. vi vn vi vii
CHESIAS, Tr.
SPARTIATA, F. x to iv v vi ix x
OBLIQUARIA, S.V. vn vin ix1 vin to iv v vi vn
SIONID&
TANAGRA, D.
CH^EROPHYLLATA, L. ..vntoii v vi vn
DREPA NL ULIDJE
PLATYPTERYX, Ls.
LACERTULA, H. vi
SICULA, S.V.
FALCULA, S.V.
DREPANUL^I
vi and vin ix
v vi
vn and x
iv v vn ands.
v vi
v and vin
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
227
| OVA
| LARWE
1 PUP/E
| IMAGOS
H AMU LA, S. V.
UNGUICULA H vi
vi and ix
vn and ix x
v vi and vn vi and vn
JDO-BOMBYCES
VIII IX X X tO IV
VI VIII IX IX tO V
VII VIII IX IX tO IV
VII VIII VIII tO V
VIII IX X tO V
V VI VII tO X
V VI
VII VIII IX X tO V
v and vin ix vi & ix to in
VII
vii and ix
VIII
V VI
vn and ix
vn and ix
VIII IX X tO V
VI VII
vi and ix
vn and ix
VII & VIII IX X to V
VII VIII IX
vi and ix
VIII IX tO IV
VI VII VIII
VII VIII IX X tO V
V VI VII VIII
NOCTUJE
VIII IX
VIII IX X tO V
VIII IX X tO V
v vi and s. vin
v vi and s. vm
v vi and vin
IV V
V VI VII
V VI VII
V VI
VI VII
X XI XII
III IV
V VI VII
iv v and vn
VIII
v and vin
V VI
X XI
v vi and vn
v and vin
v and s. vm
III IV
v vn and vm
V VI VII
v vi and s. vin
v to vin
v and vin
IV V VI
IV V
V VI
IX
VI VII
V VI VII & IX X
V VI VII
CILIX, Lch.
SPINULA, S.V.
PSET
DICRANURID&
DICRANURA, Lt.
BICUSPIS, Bk
FlIRCULA L VI
BlFIDA H VI
VlNULA L VI
STAUROPUS, Gm.
FAGI, L
PETASIA, Ss.
CASSINEA, F. xi to iv
NUBECULOSA, E IV
PYGJERIDM
PYG^RA, O.
BUCEPHALA, L
CLOSTERA, Ss.
CUKTULA, L iv and vn
ANACHOREATA, S. V. ....
RECLUSA, S.V.
NOTODONTIDM
GLUPHISIA, B.
CRENATA E
PTILOPHORA, 6*.
PLUMIGERA S V xi to iv
PTILODONTIS, Ss.
NOTODONTA, O.
CAMELINA, L vi
CUCULLINA, S.V.
CARMELITA, E
DICT^EA, L
DlCT^EOIDES E . ...VI
DROMEDARIUS L vi
TREPIDA, E
CHAONIA, S.,V.
DODONEA, S.V.
DILOBA, Ss.
CfcRULEOCEPHALA, L. ..IX
TRIFID^E
BOMB YCIFORMES
NOC TUO-BOMB YCID&
THYATIRA, O.
DERASA, L
BATIS L
CYMATOPHORA, 2V.
DUPLARIS, L. .
228
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
| OVA
| LARVXE | PUP/E
IMAGOS
FLUCTUOSA, H.
• ix x x to v
VI VII
DILUTA, S. V.
V VI VII
VIII IX
OR, S. V.
VI VII VIII IX X
VI VII
OCULARIS, L
VII VIII IX IX X
V VI
FLAVICORNIS, L
VI VII IX
III
RlDENS, F. IV
VI VII VIII
III IV
BRYOPHILIDJE
BRYOPHILA, Tr.
GLANDIFERA, S.V. ix
x to iv v vi
VII VIII
PERLA, S.V.
x to iv v vi v vi
VII VIII IX
ALG.E, F.
VII VIII
BOMBYCOIDM
DIPHTHERA, O.
ORION, E
VII VIII IX X tO V
VI VII
ACRONYCTA, Tr.
TRIDENS, S.V.
VIII IX X X to V
VI VII
Psi, L
VIII IX X tO V
V VI VII
LEPORINA, L v vi
VI VIII IX X tO V
V VI VII
ACERIS, L vn
VIII IX X
V VI VII
MEGACEPHALA, 6". V. ..
VI VII VIII IX tO IV
V VI
STRIGOSA, S. V. vi
VII VIII IX X tO V
VI VII
AI.NI, L
VII VIII IX VIII tO IV
V VI VIII IX
LlGUSTRI, S.V.
VIII IX X tO V
V VI VII
RUMICIS, L vi
VI VII VIII IX tO IV
V VI VII
AURICOMA, S.V.
VI VII VII
VII VIII tO V
MENYANTHIDIS, E
VI VII VIII
VI
MYRIC^E, G
VIII IX
V VI S. VII
SIMYRA, O.
VENOSA, Bk vi
VIII IX
VI
GENUINE
LEUCANID&
SYNIA, D.
MUSCULOSA, H.
VIII
LEUCANIA, Tr.
CONIGERA, 6". V.
in to v
VI VII
VlTELLINA, H.
x to ii
IX X XI
TURCA, L
II III
VI VII
LlTHARGYRIA, E
I III IV V
VI VII tO III?
ALBIPUNCTA, 6". V.
VIII IX X S.
EXTRANEA, G.
IX
OBSOLETA, H.
VIII IX
VI VII
LOREYI, D
VII
PUTRESCENS, H.
X
VII VIII
LlTTORALIS, C VII
VIII tO IV V
VI VII
PUDORINA, S. V.
III IV
VI VII
COMMA, L vi
VIII tO IV
vi vn and s. x
L-ALBUM, L
VI IX X
STRAMINEA, Tr.
II III IV
VI VII VIII
IMPURA, H. vn
x to in iv v
VI VII
PALLENS L ix
x to in iv
VI VII VIII
PHRAGMITIDIS, H. vn
VIII tO V
VI VII
TAPINOSTOLA, Ld.
BONDII, Kngs
VI VII
ELYMI, Tr.
V
VI VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
MELIANA, C. I OVA | LARVXE
FLAMMEA, C
SENTA, Ss.
ULV^E, H. ix to in iv
NONAGRIA, O.
DESPECTA, Tr.
FULVA, H. v vi
.CONCOLOR, G
HELLMANNI, Evers .... vi
NEURICA, H. iv v vi
BREVILINEA, Kngs
GEMINIPUNCTA, Htch. .. v vi
CANNJE, O v
TYPH^E, E vn vm
LUTOSA, //. ix x to vi
APAMID&
GORTYNA, O.
FLAVAGO, S.V. ix
HYDR^ECIA, G.
NlCTITAXS, L
PETASITIS, Db
MICACEA, E
AXYLIA, H.
PUTRIS, L VIII
XYLOPHASIA, Ss.
RUREA, F. iv
LlTHOXYLEA, S.V. V VI
SUBLUSTRIS, E
POLYODON, L
HEPATICA, Clk
SCOLOPACINA, E
DIPTERYGIA, Ss.
PlNASTRI, L VIII IX
XYLOMIGES, G.
CONSPICILLARIS, L VI VII VIII
APOROPHYLA, G.
AUSTRALIS, B X X XI tO III IV
LAPHYGMA, G.
EXIGUA, H vii vni ix
NEURIA, G.
SAPONARI^E, Bk vn vni
HELIOPHOBUS, B.
POPULARIS, F. IV V
HlSPIDA, H. XI
CHAR^AS, Ss.
GRAMINIS, L vi
PACHETRA, G.
LEUCOPH/KA, .S". V. x to iv
CERIGO, Ss.
CYTHEREA, F. ix to iv
LUPERINA, B.
TESTACEA, S.V. in
GUENEEI, Db
DUMERILI, D
CESPITIS, .S1. V. iv v vi
PUP>£
229
IMAGOS
x to v
IV V
VI VII VIII
VIII IX
VI
VI
VII VIII
VIII
VII VIII
VIII
IX
VIII IX X
VII VIII IX
VIII IX
VIII IX X
V VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII VIII
VI VII
VII VIII
VI VII
III IV V
VII VIII IX X
VIII tO X
V VI VII VIII
VII VIII IX
IX
VII VIII IX
V VI VII
VII VIII
VIII IX
vm
VIII IX
230
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
CRYMODES, G. \ OVA
EXULIS, Lef.
MAMESTRA, O.
ABJECTA, H.
ANCEPS, H.
ALBICOLON, H.
FURVA, S.V.
BRASSIC^E, L
PERSICARI^E, L vn
APAMEA, O.
BASILINEA, S.V.
CONNEXA, Bk
GEMINA, H. vn
UNANIMIS, Tr.
OPHIOGRAMMA, E
FlBROSA, H.
OCULEA, F.
MI AN A, 6Y
STRIGILIS, L
FASCIUNCULA, Hw
LlTEROSA, Hw
FURUNCULA, S.V.
ARCUOSA, Hw
PHOTEDES, Ld.
CAPTIUNCULA, Tr.
CEL^NA, Ss.
HAWORTHII, C
CARADRINID&
GRAMMESIA, Ss.
TRILINEA, S.V.
HYDRILLA, B.
PALUSTRIS, H.
ACOSMETIA, Ss.
CALIGINOSA, H.
CARADRINA, Tr.
MORPHEUS, Hf. vn vin
ALSINES, Bk vin
BLANDA, S.V
CUBICULARIS, S.V. VIII
NOCTUID&
RUSINA, Ss.
TENEBROSA, H.
AGROTIS, O.
VALLIGERA, S. V.
PUTA, H. vin
SUFFUSA, S.V. IV
FENNICA, Tan
SAUCIA, H.
SEGETUM, S.V. vi
LUN1GERA, vSV
EXCLAMATIONIS, L VI
SPINIFERA (?).//.
CORTICEA, S.V. vi
ClNEREA, S.V.
LARV>£
PUPXE
IMAGOS
VI VI
V VI
XII to II
VII VIII IX tO IV
VI
V VI & VIII IX IX tO IV
VIII IX
VIII IX tO IV V
IX X tO III IV IV V VI
IV V
VII VI
IX X
IX X tO III IV
IV
IX X tO IV
x to v
IX X XI XII
V VI VII
XI XII I& VII VIII
VII VIII IX tO IV
VIII IX X
IX X tO V
VIII IX tO III IV
IX tO III V
VIII IX X VI
VII VIII IX
VI VII
VII
VI VII
V VI VII VIII IX X
VI VII VIII
V VI VIII IX
VII tOX tO III VVI
VII VIII
III IV VII tO X
X XI VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VIII
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
231
| OVA
| LARVXE | PUPXE
| IMAG08
NlGRICANS, L VII
V VI
VII VIII
TRITICI, L
VI VII
VII VIII
AOUII.INA, S. V.
V
VII VIII
OBELISCA, S.V.
AGATHINA, D
PORPHYREA, S.V. VII
PRMCOX, L
RAVIDA, S.V.
HELVETINA, B
PYROPHILA, S V
V
IV V VI VII
VIII tO IV V
V VI VII VII
IV V
VIII
VIII
VIII IX
VI VII VIII
VII VIII X
VI VII VIII
VII
LUCERNEA, L
II III IV VI
VII
ASHWORTHII, Db
TRIPHJENA, 0.
IANTHINA, S.V.
Fl.MBRIA, L IX
INTERJECTA H
IX X tO III IV V
VIII tO IV V
X tO III IV V
III IV
VII VIII
VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VII VIII
SUBSEQUA, 6". V.
ORBONA Hf vn
X tO III IV
VII VIII
PRONUBA, L vn
NOCTUA, L.
GLAREOSA, E
DEPUNCTA, L
AUGUR F. vn
VIII tO III IV V VI
VI
IV V
V VI VII VIII
VIII IX
VII VIII
PLECTA, L vi
FLAMMATRA, S.V. ....
VII tO IV
VI VII VIII
VII
C.-NlGRUM, L
DlTRAPEZIUM, Bk
iv and x
v
V VI VII VIII IX
TRIANGULUM, Hf.
RHOMBOIDEA, E
BRUNNEA, 5. V.
F ESTIVA, S. V. . . . VII
IV V
IX tO IV V
IV V
VI VII
VII VIII
VI VII VIII
CONFLUA, Tr. vn
DAHLII, H.
VIII tO V
IX X XI tO IV V
VI VII VIII
VI VII VIII IX
SUBROSEA, >S\y
RUBI, V.
UMBROSA, H.
BAIA, S.V.
SOBRINA, G
NEGLECTA, H.
XANTHOGRAPHA, S. V. . .vin ix
OR THOSIDM
TRACHEA, H.
PlNIPERDA, P
PACHNOBIA, G.
ALPINA, IVsd.
TJENIOCAMPA, G.
GOTHICA, L. IV
V VI
VI VII
VIII tO IV V
IV V
x to v
x to iv v
vi vn vni to ii
VII
V VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII IX
VII VIII
III IV
VII VIII
GOTHICINA (?)#•. 6"
LEUCOGRAPHA, S. V. *v
RUBRICOSA, S. V. iv
INSTABILIS, S. V. .... .
OPIMA, //. . . TV
VI VII
V VI VII VIII tO III
V VI VII VIII tO III
III IV
III IV
III IV V
III IV
POPULETI, F. IV
VI VII VII tO III
III IV V
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
| OVA
| LARVXE
| PUPXE | IMAGOS
s.v.
V VI VII
VIII tO III III IV
S V v
V VI VII
VIII tO III III IV
S V iv
V VI
VII tO II III IV
r v
V VI
VII to III III IV
v
V VI VII
VIII tO III III IV
DSIA, Tr.
,H...
v
VII VIII
S V
V VI
x
IV tO VI
IX X
PA, H.
IV V
IX X
DCELIS, G.
^
V
VIII IX X
\, S. V.
Hw. x
IV V VI
x to iv
VIII IX X
IX X
V VI
VII VIII IX
iTIS, 0.
L
VI VII
IX XXI tO III IV
, G
V VI
IX XXI tO III IV
:EPHALA, 5". V.
v
IX X XI tO III
GRACILIS, vS".
MlNIOSA
MUNDA,
CRUDA, S. V.
ORTHC
SUSPECT A,
UPSILON, J
LOTA, L.
MACILENT
ANCHC
RUFINA, Z
PlSTACINA
LUNOSA, /
LlTURA, L.
CERAST
VACCINII, L.
SPADICEA, G.
ERYTHROCEP
• SCOPELOSOMA, C.
SATELLITIA, L in
DASYCAMPA, G.
RUBIGINEA, 6". V. Ill
HOPORINA, B.
CROCEAGO, S.V. iv
XANTHIA, O.
ClTRAGO, L
CERAGO, S.V.
SILAGO, H.
AURAGO, S.V.
GlLVAGO, E
FERRUGINEA, S. V
CIRRHOEDIA, G.
XERAMPELINA, H. vin ix
COSMIDJE
TETHEA, O.
SUBTUSA, 6". V. VII VIII
RETUSA, L ix
EUPERIA, G.
FULVAGO, S.V.
DICYCLA, G.
Oo,L
COSMIA, O.
TRAPEZINA, L vin
PYRALINA, S.V.
DIFFINIS, L
AFFINIS, L
HADENIDSE
EREMOBIA, 5*.
OCHBOLEUCA, S.V. ....
DIANTH^CIA, B.
IRREGULARIS, Hf.
CARPOPHAGA, Bk vi
CAPSOPHILA, D vi
x to v vi vn
iv v
v vi
iv v vi
iv v
v vi
v
VIII
VII VIII S. IX X
V VI tO IX
IX X XI tO II III IV
IX X XI tO III
IX X tO III IV
V VI
VIII
VIII IX
IV V
VIII
VI VII VIII IX
IV tO VI
VIII IX X
V VI
VIII IX X
V VI
VIII
VIII IX
IV V VI
VII VIII
VIII IX X
VII VIII
VII VIII IX
VII VIII IX
VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII IX
VI VII
V VI VII
vi vn vni s. ix
THE LEPIE
•OPTERISTS CALENDAR
233
j OVA
| LARVXE | PUP/E
| IMAGO3
CAPSINCOLA, S. V. vi
VII VIII IX
v vi and vin
CUCUBALI, S.V. vi
VII VIII
v vi and vm
ALBIMACULA, Bk
VII
VI
CONSPERSA, S.V.
VII VIII IX
VI VII
COMPTA (?) S. V.
VII
V VI
CESIA, S. V. vi
VII VIII
VI VII
BARRETTII, Db
VI
HE GATE RA, G.
DYSODEA, S.V.
VII VIII
VI VII
SERENA, S.V.
VII VIII IX tO V
VI VII
POLIA, O.
CHI, L
IV V VI
VII VIII IX
XANTHOMISTA, H.
VI VII VII
VIII IX
FLAVICINCTA, S.V. x
VI VII
VIII IX
DASYPOLIA, G.
TEMPLI, Thnb in
IV V VI VII VIII
IX X XI II III IV
EPUNDA, D.
LUTULENTA, 6". V. X
x to in iv
, VIII IX
NlGRA, H-W
V VI
VIII IX X
VlMINALIS, F. VIII
IV V VI
VII VIII
LlCHENEA, H. X
XI tO VI VII VI VII
VIII IX
VALERIA, Gm.
OLEAGINA, S.V
V VI
III IV
MISELIA, Ss.
BlMACULOSA, L
V
VIII
OXYACANTH^E, L
V VI VII VIII
IX X
AGRIOPIS, B.
t
APRILINA, L
VI VII VII VIII IX.
. IX X
PHLOGOPHORA, O.
METICULOSA, L
XI to IV
IV tO X
EMPYREA, H. ix x
XI tO IV V
IX X
EUPLEXIA, Ss.
LUCIPARA, L VI
VIII IX
V VI VII
APLECTA, G.
HERBIDA, £. V.
VIII tO IV
. VI VII
OCCULTA, L
IV V
VI VII VIII IX
NEBULOSA, Hf.
x to iv v
VI VII VIII
TINCTA, Brahm
IX X tO IV V
VI VII VIII
ADVENA, S.V.
VIII IX tO III IV
VI VII X
HADENA, 0.
SATURA, S.V.
VI
.yiii
ADUST A, E vn
VII VIII IX IV
V VI VII
PROTEA, S.V.
V VI VII
VIII IX
GLAUCA, H.
VII VIII IX tO V
VI VII
DENTINA, S.V.
V VI
V VI VII
PEREGRINA, Tr.
V VI VII VII
VIII IX
CHENOPODII, S.V. vi
VII VIII IX
V VI VII VIII
ATRIPLICIS, L
VIII IX
VI
SUASA, 6". V.
VII VIII X?
V VI S. VIII
OLERACEA, L
VIII IX X tO IV
VI VII
PISI, L
VIII IX X
V VI VII
THALASSINA, Bk
VII VIII VIII tO V
V VI VII
CONTIGUA, S.V.
VIII IX
V VI VII
GENISTA, Bk
VII VIII IX
V^VI
RECTILINEA, E vi
VIII IX tO III
V VI VII
S
234
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
XYLINIDM \ OVA
| LARV>£ | PUPXE
t IMAGOS
XYLOCAMPA, G.
LlTHORIZA, Bk.
VI VII VIII X tO II
III IV
CLOANTHA, B.
PERSPICILLARIS, L
VII VIII
V
SOLIDAGINIS, H.
V VI
VIII IX
CALOCAMPA, Ss.
VETUSTA, H. in iv
IV V VI VIII
VIII IX X tO III
EXOLETA, L iv
IV V VI VII VIII
VIII IX X tO III IV
XYLINA, Tr.
LAMBDA, F.
V VI
IX X
FURCIFERA, Hf. in
V VI VII
VIII IX X tO IV
RHIZOLITHA, S. V.
V VI VII
IX X XII tO III IV
SEMIBRUNNEA, Hiv.
VII
IX X tO III IV
PETRIFICATA, S.V. v
V VI VII
IX X tO III IV
CUCULLIA, Sk
VERBASCI, L
VI VII IX
IV V
ScROPHULARi^E, S.V. ..
VI VII
V
LYCHNITIS, Rbr.
VII VIII IX
VI VII
ASTERIS, S.V.
VIII IX
V VI VII
GNAPHALII, H.
VII VIII
VI
ABSYNTHII, L
VIII IX
vi vii and ix
CHAMOMILLJE, S.V. ....
V VI S. VIII VII & IX tO XII
iv v vii and xi
UMBRATICA, L vi vn
VII VIII IX IX
VI VII
HELIOTHIDJE
HELIOTHIS, O.
MARGINATA, F.
VII VIII
v vi vii and ix
PELTIGERA, S.V.
VII VIII
vi to ix to iv
VI VII
VIII IX X
DIPSACEA, L
VIII IX X tO V
VI VII
SCUTOSA, S.V.
VII
VIII
ANARTA, Tr.
MELANOPA, Thnb
VI
CORDIGERA, Thnb
VIII
V VI
MYRTILLI, L
S. VII tO X & S. Ill IV
V VI VII
HELIODES, G.
ARBUTI, F.
VI VII
V VI
AGROPHILA, B.
SULPHURALIS, L
VI VII VIII
VI VII VIII
MINORES
ACONTIIDM
ACONTIA, Tr.
v to vn
V VI VII VIII IX
SOLARIS, S.V.
VII
ERASTRIID^E
ERASTRIA, Tr.
VIII
V VI VII
FUSCULA, S.V.
VIII IX
VI VII
BANKS IA, G.
B
ARGENTULA, H.
VIII IX
VI
ANTHOPHILID&
HYDRELIA, G.
UNCA,S.K
VII VIII
VI VII
MICRA, G.
OSTRINA, H.
VI VII
PARVA, H.
VI
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I OVA
I LARVXE PUPXE
235
| IMAGOS
PAULA, H. vi?
PHAL&NOID&
BREPHOS, O.
PARTHENIAS, L vi vn vm ix in iv
NOTHA, H. vi in iv
QUADRIFID^
VARIEGATE, G.
PLUSIIDJZ
ABROSTOLA, O.
URTIOE, H. vm ix x to v vi vn vm
TKIPLASIA, L vm ix x to v vi vn via
PLUSIA, Tr.
ORICHALCEA, F. vi vn vn vm
CHRYSITIS, L vi vn ix to iv v vi vn vm
BRACTEA, S.V. v vi vi vu vm
FESTUC^;, L v vi vn vin vi vm
IOTA, L iv to vi vi vi vn vm
V-AUREUM, G V VI VII
GAMMA, L iv vn vm ix iv to x
Ni, H. v vi and vm
VERTICIU.ATA, G
INTERROGATIONS, L. .. v vi vi vn vm
GONOPTERID&
GONOPTERA, Lt.
LlBATRIX, L VI VII VII VIII IX tO II tO V
INTRUST
AMPHIPYRA, Tr.
PYRAMIDEA, L v vi vn vm ix
TRAGOPOGONIS, L v vi vn vm ix
MANIA, Tr.
TYPICA, L vn vm ix x to iv v vi vn
MAURA, L ix x to iv v vi vn via
TOXOCA MPIDM
TOXOCAMPA, G.
PASTINUM, Tr. v vi vn
CRAGGY, S.V: vi vn
STILBIIDM
STILBIA, Ss.
ANOMALA, Hw in vn vm ix
LIMBA T&
CATEPHIA, O.
ALCHYMISTA, 5". V. « vm v
CATOCALA, O.
FRAXINI, L vn vm vm ix x
NUPTA, L. v vi vn vii vm vn vm ix x
PROMISSA, S.V. v vi vn vm
SPONSA, L vm iv v vi vi vii vn vm
SERPENTINE
OPHIODES, G.
LUNARIS, S.V. VII V VI
EUCLIDIA, Tr.
Mi, L v v vi
GLYPHICA, L v v vi
PHYTOMETRA, Hw.
, S.V. vm ix v vi V(
236
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
DELTOIDES
HYPENID&
MADOPA, Ss.
SALICALIS, S. V. vi?
HYPENA, Tr.
PROBOSCIDALIS, L.
ROSTRALIS, L, ..
CRASSALIS, F.
LARV>£ | IMAGOS
| LARV>E | IMAGOS
VI VII
.VII to IV VI VII tO X
..VI VII to IX tO II
. .VII VIII IX VI VII [IV
HYPENODES, G.
ALBISTRIGALIS, Hw. vi vn vin
COSTJESTRIGALIS, Ss. VII VIII VII VIII
SCHRANKIA, H.S.
TURFOSALIS, Wk. .. VII
HERMINIIDM
RIVULA, G.
SERICEALIS, 6" v vi vn
SOPHRONIA, G.
EMORTUALIS, S. V. ix x vi vn
HERMINIA, Tr. [iv v vi
DERIVALIS, H. vin ix x to vi vn vin
BARBALIS, L. : ix in iv v vi vn
TARSI PEN NALIS, Tr. vm x to iv vi vn & ix
GRISEAI.IS, S. V. — vm ix x vi vn
CRIBRALIS, H. vintoivvi vn
A VENTID&
AVENTIA, D.
FLEXULA, F. iv v
ODONTIIDM
ODONTIA, D.
DENTALIS, 5". V. .
PYRALIS, L.
FlMBRIALIS, S.V.
FARINALIS, L. .
GLAUCINALIS, L.
AGLOSSA, Li.
PlNGUINALIS, L.
CUPREALIS, H. . ,
CLEDEOBIA, Ss.
ANGUSTALIS, 5". V. . . v vi
ENNYCHIID&
PYRAUSTA, Sk.
PUNICEALIS, S.V. ..VI VII
PURPURALIS, L VI VII
OSTRI NALIS, H. ... .VI VII
RHODARIA, G.
SANGUINALIS, L. . .vn and ix
HERBULA, G.
CESPITALIS, S.V. ..vi
ENNYCHIA, Tr. [to iv
ClNGULALIS, L. . .VII VIII & IX
ANGUINALIS, H. . . . .
OCTOMACULALIS, L.
ASOPIIDM
AGROTERA, Sk.
NEMORALIS, 61 iv
ENDOTRICHA, Z.
FLAMMEALIS, S. V. v
STENIIDM
DIASEMIA, Ss.
LlTERALIS, S
RAMBURIALIS, D. . .
AVENTIJE
VI VII VIII
PYRALIDES
NASCIA, C.
ClLIALIS, H. VI VII
vn vm STENIA, G.
PUNCTALIS, S.V. .. VI VII
vi to x HYDROCAMPIDM
vi to ix CATACLYSTA, H.
vi to ix LEMNALIS, L iv v
PARAPONYX, Ss.
vi vii STRATIOTALIS, L. . .in iv
vi vn HYDROCAMPA, Li.
NYMPH^ALIS, L. ..iv vi vn
vi vn STAGNALIS, Don. ..iv vi vii
ACENTROPUS, C.
NlVEUS, Ol. VI VII VI VII VIII
v vn & vin BOTYDsE
v vi vn BOTYS, Lt.
V VI & VIII LUPULINALIS, Clk. . .VII & X V & X
PANDALIS, H. vi
vi & vin FLAVALIS, S.V. v ? vn vm
HYALINALIS, H. vn
v vn & vin VERTICALIS, S.V. . .v vi vn
LANCEALIS, S.V. . .vin ix v vi vn
v vn & vin FUSCALIS, S.V. ... .vin vi
v & vm TERREALIS, Tr. vntoixtov vi vn
v vi vn ASINALIS, H. vn vm & x iv vii & ix
URTICALIS, L ix vi vn
EBULEA, G.
v vi vn CROCEALIS, H. iv v vi vii
CATALAUNALIS, D. vm ix
vi vii VERBASCALIS, S. V. vi vn
SAMBUCALIS, 6". V. . . ix x vi vn
PIONEA, G.
VII FORFICALIS, L VI VII IX X VI VII VIII
x MARGARITALIS,^. V. vin vi vn
STRAMENTALIS,/r. . . VII VIII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
237
SPILODES, G. | LARVXE | IMAGOS SCOPARIA, Hw. \ LARVXE | IMAGOS
STICTICALIS, L vivn&ix?
PALEALIS, 6". V. vm ix
CINCTALIS, Tr. vi
MARGARODES, G.
UNIONALIS, H. v? &c.
SCOPULA, Sk.
ALPINALIS, S.V. vi
LUTEALIS, H. V
OLIVALIS, S.V. iv v
PRUNALIS, S.V. . . . .iv v
FERRUGALIS, H. xi
DECREPITAI.IS, H.S.
LEMIODES, G.
PULVERALIS, H. VIII
MECYNA, G.
POLYGONALIS, H. ..XXI
PLICATE
SCOPARIID&
STENOPTERYX, G.
HYBRIDALIS, H.
CRAMBID&
PLATYTES, G.
CERUSSELLUS, 6". V.
CRAM BUS, F.
ALPINELLUS, H.
VERELLUS, Zk v ?
FALSELLUS, S.V. .. 11— v
PRATELLUS, Clk. . .
DUMETELLUS, If. . .
ERICELLUS, H.
ADIPELLUS, Zk
HAMELLUS, Thnb. ..
PASCUELLUS L
VI VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VI VII VIII
v to x
VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VI VII
VI VII
VIII IX
? V VIII IX
VI VII
VI
VI & IX
CRAB
VI VII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
V VI & VIII
VI VIII
VII VIII
VI VIII
VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VI VII
VI VII VIII
VI VII VIII
VII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII IX
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VI VII
V VI
V VI
VI
VI VI
VII
AMBIGUALIS, Tr. ..ivv
BASISTRIGALIS, Kngs.
ZELLERI Wk
VI VII
VII
VI VII VIII
VII
VII VIII
V VI
VI to IX
VI
VIII
VI VII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VIII IX X— IV
VI VII
VII
VII VIII
VII VIII
IX to II
VII
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
VII
VI VII
VII
VII
VII VIII
VI
IX
VIII IX
VII
v to vm
VI VII VIII
VII VIII
VI?
v and vn
VII
ULMELLA, Dale ....
CE.MBKM, H-w v
SCOTICA, White
DUBITALIS, H.
MURANA, C Ill V
INGRATELLA, Z.
LlNEOLA, C. VI VII
MERCURELLA, L. ..in iv
CRAT^GELLA, H. ..in
RESINEA, Hw iv
PHJEOLEUCA, Z.
TRUNCICOLELLA, Stn.
COARCTALIS, Z. VII VIII
ATOMALIS, Db
GRACILALIS, Db. . .
PALLIDA, Ss
1BITES
EROMENE, H.
OCELLEA, Hw
CHILIDM
CHILO, Zk.
ClCATRICELLUS, H. V VI
PHRAGMITELLUS, H. x to vi
SCHCENOBIUS, D.
FORFICELLUS, Thnb. v vi
MUCRONELLUS, vS". ..VI
GlGANTELLUS, 6". V. V VI
PHYCIDM
ANERASTIA, H.
LOTELLA, Zk IV V
ULIGINOSELLUS, Z. . .
FURCATELLUS, Ztt.
MARGARITELLUS, F.
MYELLUS, H. v ?
FARRELLA, C. ix
ILITHYA, Lt.
CARNEI LA, L v vi
MYELOPHILA, Tr.
CRIBRELLA, H. x to in
ClRRIGERELLA, Zk.
MELISSOBLAPTES, Z.
CEPHALONICA, Stn.
TRACHONITIS, Z.
PRYERELLA, Va. ..
HOMGEOSOMA, G.
PlNETELLUS, L
LATISTRIELLUS, Hw.
PERLELLUS, S
WARRINGTONELLUS, Z. var?
SELASELLUS, H. . . . .
TRISTELLUS, S.V. .. in
FASCELINELLUS, H. vi vn
INQUINATELLUS, S.V. v?
CONTAMINELLUS, H.
GENICULELLUS, Hw.
CULMELLUS, L Ill
CHRYSONYCHELLUS, S.
RORELLUS L
NlMBELLA, Z. IX X
NEBULELLA, .5". V. . .ix x
BlN-iEVELLA H. . ...VVI
SAXICOLA, Va ix
SENECIONIS, Va. ..vi
NYCTEGRETES, Z.
ACHATINELLA, H. . .
CASSENTINIELLUS, Z.
HORTUELLUS, H. ..IV V
PALUDELLUS, H. . . v vi
238
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
EPHESTIA, G. \ LARV/E
| IMAGOS
ELUTELLA, H. 1 n
VI VII
FICELLA, Dgl. i
IX X
SEMIRUFA, Hw
VI VII
PINGUIS, H-w v vi
VII VIII
ClNEROSELLA, Z. . .V?
VI VII
CRYPTOBLABES, Z.
BlSTRIGELLA, Hw. . . IX X
VI VII
PLODIA, G.
INTERPUNCTELLA, H. ix x
VI VII
ROXBURGHII, Greg..
NEPHOPTERYX, Z.
ANGUSTELLA, H. . .vni ix
V VI & IX X
GENISTELLA, D ix to vn
VII
GYMNANCYCLA, Z.
CANELLA, S. V. ... .vni ix
VI VII
PHYCIS, F.
BETULELLA, Go v
VI VII
CARBONARIELLA, F.R.
VI VII
ADELPHELLA, F.R. vii to ix
VI
ADORNATELLA, D. . . v vi
VI VII
SUBORNATELLA, Z. V VI
VI VII
OBDUCTELLA, F.R. v vi
VII VIII
CYMBID&
TORT:
HALIAS, Tr.
PRASINANA, L vn vni
V VI VII
QUERCANA, S. V. ..V
VII
CLORANA L vm
v
TORTRICIDJE
SAROTHRIPA, C.
REVAYANA, S.V. . . v vi
VII IX IV
TORTRIX, L.
POD AN A S V VI
VI VII
PlCEANA L V
VII
CRAT^GANA, H. . .v
VII
XYLOSTEANA, H. . .v
VI
SORBIANA H . . . .V
VI VII
ROSANA, L V VI
VI tO VIII
DUMETANA, Tr. V
VII
DlVERSANA, H. V
VII
ClNNAMOMEANA, Tr. V
VI VII
HEPARANA, S.V. . .v vi
VI VII
RlBEANA H V VI
VI VII
CORYLANA, H. V VI
VII VIII
UNIFASCIANA, D. ..v
VI VII
SEMIALBANA, G v
VI VII
COSTANA, S.V. v vi
VI tO VIII
VlBURNANA, S.V. . . V VI IX
VI tO VIII
ICTERANA, FrO V VI
VII VIII
VlRIDANA, L V VI
VI VII
MlNISTRANA, L. . . IX X
V VI
FOSTERANA, F. IV VI
VII VIII
BRANDERIANA, L. . .v
VI VII
LARWE | IMAGOS
ORNATELLA, S.V. ..
ABIETELLA, S. V. . . ix x to iv
ROBORELLA, S.V. . .V
PEMPELIA, Z.
PALUMBELLA, S. V. ix x to iv
RHODOPHvEA, G.
FORMOSELLA, Hw. . .VII tO IX
CONSOCIELLA, H. ..VVI
ADVENELLA, Zk.
MARMOREA, Hw.
SUAVELLA, Zk
TUMIDELLA, Zk
RUBROTIBIELLA, F.R. VI
ONCOCERA, Sj.
AHENELLA, £. V. . .v vi
MELIA, Ss.
SOCIELLA, L ....... VIII
ANELLA, Zk .......
GALLERIA, Lt.
CERELLA, G ....... v vi .
MELIPHORA, G.
ALVEARIELLA, G. . . ix & x to v
GNOMANA, L ....... v
DICHELIA, G.
GROTIANA, F. ...... v?
AMPHISA, C.
GERNINGANA, 6". V.
PRODROMANA, H.
CENECTRA, G.
PlLLERIANA, S.V. ..VI
LEPTOGRAMMA, C.
LlTERANA, L ....... VI
NlVEANA, F. ...... VI
SCABRANA, F. ...... VIII IX
BOSCANA, F. ...... VVI
PERONEA, C.
SPONSANA, F. ...... vn
AUTUMNANA, H. ..VI
LlPSIANA, S. V. ____ VI
MlXTANA, H. ...... VII
COMARIANA, Z. ---- V tO VII
SCHALLERIANA, L, ..VI
COMPARANA, H. ____ VI
CALEDONIANA, Ben. vi
PERMUTANA, D ..... v?
VARIEGANA, S. V. ..vi
CRISTANA, S.V. ---- vi to ix
HASTIANA, L ....... vi vn
MACCANA, Tr. ---- v vi
UMBRANA, H. ...... ix
FERRUGANA, S. V. . .v vi
TRISTANA, H. ...... vitovnnx
v
vn vni
VI VII
VII VIII
vn vm
vi vn
VII
VI tO VIII
VII
vm ix
vn and s. x
v vn vni
in to v
IV VIII IX
IV
IX XI
VII
vni ix
VII tO XI
VII & IX
IV V VII
VII
VIII
VIII
vii vni
vi
vni ix
vni ix to xi
vni
vni ix
vm ix
vni ix
ix
THE L]
| LARV/E
EPIDOPTE
| IMAQOS
RIST S CALENDAR
SIBERIA, G. \ LARV/E
239
| IMAGOS
ASPERSANA, H. V VI VII
SHEPHERDANA, 6"^. v vi
TERAS, Tr.
CAUDANA, F. v vi
CONTAMINA.NA, H. ..v
DICTYOPTERYX, Ss.
LORQUINIANA, D. . .V & VII
LCEFLINGIANA, L. ..V
HOLMIANA, L V
BERGMANNIANA, L. v vi
FORSKALEANA, L. . .V VI
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VII VIII
VI & VIII
VI VII
VI VII
VI
VI VII
ACHATANA, 5". V. ..V
SERICORIS, Tr.
LATIFASCIANA, Hw. v
EUPHORBIANA, Z. . .VI VII VIII
BlKASCIANA, Hw. . .
LlTTORANA, C. V VI
ABSCISANA, G
CESPITANA, H. ....
CONCHANA, H. iv ?
LACUNANA, S. V. . . v vi
URTICANA, H. v vi
VII
VI
V VIII
VII VIII
VI VII
VI VIII
VI VII
VI VII
VII VIII
VII VIII
ARGYROTOXA 6\r.
DALEANA Db
VI
CONWAYANA F VIII X
V VII
MICANA H
VI VII
PTYCHOLOMA, Ss.
LECHEANA, L iv v vi vm
PENTHINIDSE
DITULA, S.r.
HARTMANNIANA, L. v
SEMIFASCIANA, Hw. v
PENTHINA, Tr.
PICANA Fro v
V VI VII
VII
VI VII
VI VII
IRRIGUANA, H.
DOUBLEDAVANA, Ba.
MIXODIA, G.
SCHULZIANA, F. V?
PALUSTRANA, Lnig.
RATZEBURGIANA, Sax. v vi
RUBIGINOSANA, H.S.
CONSEQUANA H S VII IX
VII
VII
VI tO Vltl
VI
VI tO VIII
VI
VI
SORORCULANA. Ztt. V
CAPR^EANA, H. iv v
PR^LONGANA, G. ..vinix
PRUNIANA, H v
OCHROLEUCANA, H. V
VII
VI
VI VII
VI
VI VII
ROXANA, 6*.
ARCUANA, L
EUCHROMIA, 6V.
MYGINDANA, S.V... iv
RuFANA, vS" IV
V VI
VII
VI VII
CYNOSBANA, L v
DlMIDIANA, So IX
VI
VI
PURPURANA, Hw. . .
ARBUTANA, L iv
VI
SAUCIANA, H. vm ?
VI
ORTHOTVENIA, Ss.
GREVILLANA, C
STAINTONIANA, Ba.
GENTIANANA, H. . .xi to v
SELLANA H vi
VI
VI
VI
VII
ANTIQUANA, H. i n
STRIANA, S.V.
ERICETANA, Ben. . .
SCI A PHIL IDsE
VI VII
VI VII
VI
MARGINANA, Hw. . .vi vn ix x
FULIGANA, H. V
v to vm
VI VII
ERIOPSELA, G.
FRACTIFASCIANA, Hw. vm
V VII
ANTITHESIA, G.
SALICANA, G v
SPILONO TIDM
SPILONOTA, C.
LARICIANA, Z. ....v
OCELLANA, 5". V. ..V
PAUPERANA, Frr . .
ACERIANA, Mann ..V
DEALBANA, Frol. ..v
NEGLECTANA, D. . .
SlMPLANA, F.R
INCARNATANA, H. . .
SUFFUSANA, Kol. . .
ROSJECOLANA, Db. . .
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
III IV
VIII
VIII
VI VII
V VI
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII VIII
QUADRANA, H. V ?
PHTHEOCHROA, Ss.
RUGOSANA, H. VI VII
CNEPHASIA, C.
ClNCTANA, S.V. V?
POLITANA, Hw V
MUSCULANA, H. IX X
SCIAPHILA, Tr.
NUBILANA, H.
PERTERANA, G
SUBJECTANA, G. .... IV V VI
VlRGAUREANA, Tr. IV V VI
CHRYSANTHEANA, D. vi
WAHLBOMIANA, L. v?
V VII
VI
VII
v to vii
IV V VI
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
VI VII
VII
VII
PARDIA, G.
ABRASANA, D
HYBRIDANA H ...
VI VII
VI VII
SERICORID&
ASPIS, Tr.
UDMANNIANA, L. ..v vi
VI VII
OCTOMACULANA, Hw.
PENZIANA, Thnb. ..vi
COLQUHOUNANA, Sttt.
VI
VII
VI VII
240
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I LARVXE
SPHALEROPTERA, G.
ICTERICANA, Hiv. ..v vi
CAPUA, Ss.
FAVILLACEANA, H.
CLEPSIS, G.
RUSTICANA, Tr.
GRA PHOLITHID&
BACTRA, Ss.
LANCEOLANA, H. . .iv
FURFURANA, Hw. ..I
PHOXOPTERYX, G.
SlCULANA, H. X
UNGUICANA, L iv
UNCANA, H iv
BIARCUANA, Ss vin
INORJSATANA, ff.S.v
PALUDANA, Ba.
COMPTANA, Fro. . .x
MYRTILLANA, Tr. ..vn ix
LUNDANA, F. VIII tO IV
DERASANA, H. vin ix
DlMINUTANA, Hw. VIII
MlTTERPACHERIANA, S. V.Vlll X
UPUPANA, Tr. ix (?)
L^TANA, F. V
GRAPHOLITHA, Tr.
RAM ANA, L iv
NlSANA, L Ill
NlGROMACULANA, Hw. VIII IX
CAMPOLILIANA, S. V. vin ix x
MINUTANA, H. vvi
TRIMACULANA, Don. v
PENKLERIANA, 6". F.nr
OBTUSANA, Hw vin
N.EVANA, H. VI VII
GEMINANA, £$• v vi ix x
PHLCEODES, G.
TETRAQUETRANA, Hw. ix
IMMUNDANA, F.R...IV & vn
DEMARNIANA, F.R. iv
CRENANA, H. vm ix
HYPERMECIA, G.
CRUCIANA, L iv v
AUGUSTANA, H. VI
BATODES, G.
ANGUSTIORANA, Hw. v
P^EDISCA, Tr.
BlLUNANA, Hw IV
OPPRESSANA, Tr. . . ix
CORTICANA, S. V. . .V VI
PROFUNDANA, S.V. v vi
OPTHALMICANA, H. v
OCCULTANA, Dg. ..VI VII
SOLANDRIANA, L. ..VI
| IMAGOS
| LARV>C
| IMAGOS
SEMIFUSCANA, Hw. vi
VII VIII
VI VII
SORDIDANA, H. V
IX X
EPHIPPIPHORA, G.
V VI
BlMACULANA, Don. V
VII tO IX
ClRSIANA, Z. X IV V
VII
IV V VI
PFLUGIANA, Hw. . . ix in iv v
V VI
BRUNNICHIANA,^. V. in iv
VI tO VIII
TURBIDANA, Tr. IV V
VII
V VI VII
FcENEANA L X VI
VII
VI VII
NlGRICOSTANA, Hw. IX X III
VI VII
SlGNATANA, Dg. ..V
VI VII
V VI
GRAND^EVANA, Z. (?) in iv v
VI VII
V VI
TRIGEMINANA, Ss. . .vin ix
VI VII
VI
TETRAGON AN A, Ss. . .
VII VIII
VI VII
COSTIPUNCTANA, Hw.
VI & VIII
POPULANA, F. V
VII
VI & VIII
OBSCURANA, Ss.1 ..
VI VII
IV V VIII
GALLICOLANA, Z. . .1 11
V VI
V VI
OLINDIA, G.
V & VIII
ULMANA, H. v?
VII VIII
VI VII
SEMASIA, G.
V
SPINIANA, F.R v?
VI VII
VI VII
IANTHINANA, D. ..ix
VII
VVI
RUFILLANA, Z. VIII IX
VI to VIII
VI
WCEBERANA, S. V. . . X tO IV
VI
COCCYX, Tr.
VII
COSMOPHORANA, Tr. I II
VI
VII VIII
STROBILANA, L x to iv
IV V
VI VII
SPLENDIDULANA, G.
IV V VI
V VI VII
VERNANA, Kngs. . .
III
VI VII
RAVULANA, ff.S. . .
VII
VII VIII
ARGYRANA, H. x
V VI
VI VII
NEMORIVAGANA, Tengs. vin?
VVI
V VI
PYGMAEAN A, H ? vii
III IV
VIII IX
HERCYNIANA, Uslar x iv v
V VI VIII
VI VII
DISTINCTANA, Ben.
V VI
USTOMACULANA, C. IV V
VI VII
IV V VI
NANANA, Tr.
VII
IV V & VIII
VACCINIANA, F.R. . .vin x
V VI
VI VII
HEUSIMENE, Ss.
IX IV
FlMBRIANA, vSf X
III IV
PAMPLUSIA, G.
VI VII
MERCURIANA, H. . .v vi & ix
VII
VIII
RETINIA, G.
BUOLIANA, 6". V. V
VI VII
vn viii
PlNICOLANA, Db. . .V VI
VII tO IX
TURIONANA, L Ill IV
V VI
VII
PlNIVORANA, Z. IV
VII VIII
VI
RESINANA, L i 11
VI
VII VIII
DUPLANA, H. vin?
VI
VIII
SYLVESTRANA, C. ..v
VI VII
VIII IX
CARPOCAPSA, Tr.
VII IX
SPLENDANA, H. ix
VIII
VIII IX
GROSSANA, Hw ix
VI VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
241
LARVXE I IMAGOS
LARV/E | IMAGOS
POMONANA, L VIII
VI
EXPALLIDANA, Hw.
VI VII
O PAD I A, G.
CITRANA H ix
VII
FUNEBRANA, Tr. ..VIII IX
VI
PUPILLANA, L VI
VIII
ENDOPISA, G.
CONTERMINANA, H. S. VII
VI
NlGRICANA, F. ... .VII
VI VII
TRYCHERIS, G.
PlSANA, G VII VIII tO X
VI
MEDIANA, ^9. V. vn
VI VII
STIGMONOTA, G.
PYRALOID&
DORSANA, F. VII
VI VII
SIM^ETHIS, Lch.
LEGUMINANA, Z. ..vin?
VI
VIBRANA H v and vi
vi and vn
CONIFERANA, Rtz. . .X IV
VI VII
CHOREUTES, Tr.
LEPLASTRIANA, C. . .x iv
VII
SCINTILULANA, H. . .VI
VII VIII
COROLLANA, H. .... I II
VII
XYLOPODA, Lt.
PERLEPIDANA, Hw. vn
V VI
FABRICIANA, L iv vi vin
V IX
INTERNANA, G
VII
PARIANA, L vin
IX
COMPOSANA, F.
VI VIII
CONCHYLIDM
WEIRANA, Dg. vin ix
VI
LOBESIA, G.
REDIMITANA, G. ..ixv
VII
RELIQUANA, H.
V
TRAUNIANA, S. V. . .
VI
SERVILLANA, D x
V VI
REGIANA, Z x to v
VII
EUPCECILIA, Ss.
GERMARANA, H. ..ix
V VI
NANA, Hiu in
VI
ROSETICOLANA, Z. ix
VII
DUBITANA, H. v & ix
VII VIII
OROBANA, Tr. vin x
VII VIII
ATRICAPITANA, *5\r. ix
VII
DICRORAMPHA, G.
MACULOSANA, Hw. ix
V VI
POLITANA, 6". V. .... X V VI
VII
SODALIANA, Hw. . .
VI VII
ALPINANA, Tr v vi
VII VIII
HYBRIDELLANA, H. vin
VI
SEQUANA, H.
V
AMBIGUANA, H. v
VII
PETIVERANA, L. ..ivv
VI tO VIII
GEYERIANA, H.S...
PLUMBANA, S ix x
V VI
MANNIANA, F.R. ..
VI
SATURNANA G
VII VIII
DEGREYANA, Me. . .vi ?
v and vii
PLUMBAGANA, Tr. ..ix x
VI
ANGUSTANA, H. v
VII VIII
ACUMINATANA, Z. . . IV V
VI VIII IX
CURVISTRIGANA, Wlk. VII
V VI
HERBOSANA, Ba. . .
VI VII
VECTISANA, Wsd. ..v&vni
V & VII
SEXECTANA G
UDANA G iv
V VI
SlMPLICIANA, Hw. . .IV V
VI tO VIII
NOTULANA, Z. ix
V VI
TANACETANA, Sin. i n
VII
RUPICOLANA, C IV
V VI VII
CONSORTANA, .Ss. . . iv v vi
VII
FLAVICILIANA, Db.
VII
PYRODES, G.
ROSEANA, Hw x iv
VIII
RHEDIANA, L ix
V VI
SUBROSEANA, Hw. . .X
VI VII
CATOPTRIA, G.
IMPLICITANA, H.s. . .x
VI tO VIII
ALBERSANA, H. x
V VI
ClLIANA, H. VII VIII
V VI
ULICETANA, Hw. ..vin
V VII tO IX
ANTHEMIDANA, C. . .vii x
VII VIII
NIMBANA, Fisch. ..iv
VI
PALLIDANA, Z
V VI VII
JULIANA, C ix
VI VII
XANTHOSETIA, Ss.
MlCROGRAMMANA, G. IX
VI VII
ZOEGANA, L IV
V VII VIII
HYPERICANA, H. ..v
VI VII
HAMANA, L v vi
VI VII
PARVULANA, Wlk. . .
VII
CHROSIS, G.
MARITIMANA, Dale v vi
VII
TESSERANA, S.V. .. ix to iv
VII
CANA, Hit) vn vin
VI VII VIII
RUTILANA, H. ....VI
VII VIII
FULVANA, Ss., Wlk. ix xi
VI VII
BlFASCIAXA, H. ....
VI
HOHENWARTHIANA, S. F.VIII IX
VI tO VIII
ARGYROLEPIA, ,5*.
SCOPOLIANA, Hw. ..IX X
VI VII VIII
BAUMANNIANA, 6". V.
VI
CCECIMACULANA, //.
VII
SUB-BAUMANNIANA, Wlk.
VII
.^EMULANA, Schlg. ..x '
VII VIII
ZEPHYRANA, Tr. ..v
VI VII
ASPIDISCANA, H. ..VIII
V
SCHREIBERSIANA, Fro. \ 11
VI
242
THE LEPIDOPTERIST S CALENDAR
| LARV>£ | IMAGOS
LARV>C | IMAGOS
BADIANA, H. ix vi vn
CNICANA, Db. ..... .vu vm vi vn
/ENEANA, H. i vi
MUSSEHLIANA, Tr. VIII VI
MARITIMANA, G. ..vmx v vi
CONCHYLIS, Tr.
DlPOLTANA, H. 1 II VII VIII
FRANCILLONANA, F. x to v v vi
DlLUCIDANA, £s. ..IXX VI
EPIGAPHIID&
LEMNATOPHILA, Tr.
PHRYGANELLA, H.. .vi ix xi
SALICELLA, H. x iv
EXAPATE. Z.
GELATELLA, L vn x xi
DIURNEA, Hw.
FAGELI.A, S.V. ix in iv
EPIGRAPHIA, C.
AVELLANELLA, H. . . IV
STEINKELLNERIELLA, S.V. vm iv
PSYCH I DM [ix
TAIJEPORIA, Z.
PUBICORNELLA, Hw. V VI
PSEUDO-BOMBYCELLA, O. X IV VI
PSYCHE, Br.
VlLLOSELLA, O V V VI
OPACELLA, H. S. . . iv v vi
CALVELLA, O v vi
SALICOLELLA, Br. . . vi
BETULINELLA, Z. . . vi vn
PULLELLA, Br, V VI
INTERMEDIELLA, Br. vi
ROBORICOLELLA, Br. V VI
CRASSIORELLA, Br. vi
RETICELLA, N. v
RADIELLA, C vn
SOLENOBIA, Z.
TRIQUETRELLA, H. in iv iv
DOUGLASII, Stn
INCONSPICUELLA, Stn. in vi x iv v
CONSPURCATELLA, Z.
PSYCHOIDES, Br.
VERHUELLELLA, Hey. iv v vi vi vn
TINEIDM
DIPLODOMA, Z.
MARGINEPUNCTELLA, Ss. iv v vi
XYSMATODOMA, Z.
MELANELLA, Hw. . .iv v vi
ARGENTIMACULELLA, Stn. vi vn
PHYGAS, Tr.
BlRDELLA, C. II V VII VIII
BISONTELLA, Lnig. vii
SMEATHMANINANA, F. x vi vu
STRAMINEANA, Hw. ix x vi vn
ALTERNANA, Ss. . .ix x vi vii
INOPIANA, Hw ix vu
APHELIDM
APHELIA, C.
OSSEANA, 5" VII VIII
TORTRICODES, G.
HYEMAHA, H. vn? 11 in v
TINEJE
VACULELLA, Fisch. vn
SCARDIA, Tr.
CHORARGELLA, .S1. V. v vu via
EMORTUELLA, Z. ..v v vm
CARPINETELLA, G. . .iv vi
PlCARELLA, L VU
ARCUATELLA, Stn. . .v vi
GRANELLA, L v vi vii
CLOACELLA, Hw. . .iv v vi to vui
COCHYLIDELLA, Stn. VI
ARCELLA, F. v vn vui
TINEA, Stn.
IMELLA, H. xi v vu x
FERRUGINELLA, H. vu & x
RUSTICELLA, H. III VII VIII
MONACHELLA, //. . . V VUI
FULVIMITRELLA, So. V VI
TAPETZELLA, L iv vi vi vii
RURICOLELLA, Stn. V & VIII
ALBIPUNCTELLA, Hw. iv v vi vn
CONFUSELLA, H.S. VII VUI
CAPRIMULGELLA, H.S. v vu
MlSELLA, Z IXX VI VIII
PELLIONELLA, L. . .iv v vi vi vii x
DUBIELLA, Gregs. . .a form of Pellionella?
FUSCIPUNCTELLA, Hw. VII VIII VI VII IX
FLAVESCENTELLA, Hw. formerly taken near
London
PALLESCENTELLA, Stn. v vi vu x
GANOMELLA, Tr. ..xv vi vii
MERDELLA, Z x xi vi vii
BlSELIELLA, Hml. . .X VI VI VII
SlMPLICIELLA, H.S. VII
NlGRIPUNCTELLA, Hw. V VIII
SEMIFULVELLA, Hw. x v v vi vn
BlSTRIGELLA, Hw. IX V
SUBAMMANELLA, Stn. VII
PEROCHRACEBLLA, Dbl. iv v vi vu
LAM PRO N I A, Z.
QUADRIPUNCTELLA, F. V VI
LUZELLA, H. V V VI VII
PR/ELATELLA, £. V. ix v vi
RUBIELLA, Bjer. ..ivv vi
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
243
LARVXE I IMAGOS
j LARWE | IMAGOS
INCURVARIA, Hw.
MASCULELLA, S.V.
ZlNCKENELLA, Z. . .VI X
TENUICORNELLA, Stn.
CANARIELLA, Stn. . .v
OEHLMANNIELLA, H. x n
CAPITELLA, L iv
MICROPTERYX, Z.
CALTHELLA, L
ARUNCELLA, S
SEPPELLA, F.
MANSUETELLA, Z. . . '
ALLIONELLA, F. . . . . iv
THUNBERGELLA, F.
PURPURELI.A, Ss. ..VIII?
SALOPIELLA, Stn. . .vin ?
SEMIPURPURELLA, i$j. vin?
UNIMACULELLA, Ztt. vin ?
SPARMANELLA, Base vm?
SUBPURPURELLA, Hw. VIII?
FASTUOSELLA, Z. . . iv v
NEMOPHORA, H.
SwAMMERDAMELLA, L. VIII?
SCHWARZIELLA, Z. . .
PlLELLA, S.V.
METAXELLA, H. . .
AD EL A, Lt.
FlBULELLA, S. V. ..VIII XI
RUFIMITRELLA, S...1X
SULZELLA, S.V.
DEGEERELLA, L. ..xin
VIRIDELLA, L iv?
CUPRELLA, F.
NEMATOIS, Z.
SCABIOSELLUS, 5". . .VII tO IV
CUPRIACELLA, H. . .VII to IV
SCHIFFERMILLERELLA, S. V. V?
MlNIMELLA, Z V?
YPONOME U TID&
SWAMMERDAMIA, Stn.
COMPTELLA, H. VI IX
CfcSIELLA, H. IX
GRISEOCAPITELLA, Stn. ix
LUTARELLA, Hw. ..IX
PYRELLA, Vill. vn ix x
NANIVORA, Stn.
SCYTHROPIA, Stn.
CRAT^EGELLA, L. ..vi
YPONOMEUTA, Li. [x
VlGINIPUNCTELLA, Rtz. VI VII IX
PLUMBELLA, S.V. ..vvi
IRRORELLA, H. ....vi
PADELLA, L v vi
COGNATELLA, H. ..V
EVONYMELLA, L. ..V VII IX
v ANESYCHIA, Ss.
IV FUNERELLA, F. ....VIII VI
vi DECEMGUTTELLA, H. ix x v vi
vi CHALYBE, D.
vi PYRAUSTELLA, Pallas vn v
v PEPILLA, G.
CURTISELLA, Don. ..V VI VII
vvi PLUTELLIDM
vi . EIDOPHASIA, Ss.
vi MESSINGIELLA, F.R. iv v vi
v vi PLUTELLA, Sk.
vvi XYLOSTKLLA, L. ..vviix iv v vn
VVI PORRECTELLA, L. . . IV V VI V VI VIII
iv v ANNULATELLA, C. . .vi vi to vm
iv v DALELLA, Stn vi iv vn vm
iv HYPOLEPIA, G.
iv SEQUELLA, L v vn vm
IV V VlTTELLA, L VI VII VIII
iv v vi RADIATELLA, Don. v vm iv
IV V COSTELLA, F. V VIII
YPSOLOPHA, F.
vvi SYLVELLA, L vi vm ix
v vi ALPELLA, S.V. ... .vi vm
vvi LUCELLA, F. vi vn vm
VI VII HORRIDELLA, Tr. VI VII
ASPERELLA, L V VII
v vi HARPIPTERYX, Tr.
VVI SCABRELLA, L V VIII IX
vi NEMORELLA, L vi vn vm
vi HARPELLA, S. V. iv v vi vn
vi PTEROXIA, G.
iv CAUDELLA, L vi vm ix iv
GELECHIDM
vi ORTHO1VELIA, 6\r.
vi SPARGANIELLA, Thnb. vi vn
vi vii ENICOSTOMA, Ss.
VI VII LOBELLA, S.V. ....VIII IX VI
PHIBALOCERA, Ss.
QUERCELLA, F. ....VVI VII VIII
v to vm EX^RETIA, Stn.
v vn ALLISELLA, Stn v vn
v vi DEPRESSARIA, Hw.
VI VII COSTOSELLA, Hw. . .V VI VII VII VIII
IV V VIII LlTURELLA, vS\ V. ..VI VII VIII
PALLORELLA, Z. v to vm viii m
UMBELLELLA, Ss. '. .vi vii vm ix
vn ASSIMILELLA, Tr. ..intovi vi to vm
NANATELLA, Stn. . .v vn
iv v vm ATOMELLA, 6". V. ..v vn
vii vm ARENELLA, 6". V. — vvi vn vm iv
vn PROPINQUELLA, Tr. v vii m
VII VIII SlTBPROPINQUELLA, Stn. VI VII VIII III
vii ALSTRCEMERIELLA, L. v vi vn vnj iv
244
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVXE I IMAGOS
! LARVXE | IMAGOS
ClNIFLONELLA, L. . . Ill VIII
ALACELLA, D vi
VII
VACCINELLA, H. ..vi vn vin in
LONGICORNIS, C VII ?
V VI
CAPREOLELLA, Z. ..vi iv vin
DlFFINELLA, Hw. . . IV
VI
HYPERICELLA, H. . .v vi vn x.
TERRELL A, S.V.
VI VII
CONTERMINELLA, Z. VI VII VII VIII IV
DESERTELLA, Ed. ..
V VII VIII
ANGELICELLA, H. ..vi vn ix
EXPOLITELLA, Dg.
VI VII
CARDUELLA, H. v vn
ACUMINATELLA, Si. VII IX
VI tO VIII
OCELLELLA, F. V VII VII VIII X
ARTEMISIELLA, Tr. vi
VI tO VIII
YEATESIELLA, F. ..vi vin ix
VISCARIELLA, Lo. ..v
VI
RHODOCHRELI.A, H.S.
ALBIPALPELLA, H.S. vi
VII
(var. of „ Subpropinquella) in
ARUNDINETELLA, Z. in iv
VI VII
APPLANELLA, F. vi vn iv
SENECTELLA, Z.
VII VIII
CILIELLA, Sin vn vin in
MUNDELLA, Dg.
V VIII
GRANULOSELLA, Stn. vi ix
SlMILIS, Dg
VII VIII
ROTUNDELLA, Dg. . . V VIII IX
AFFINELLA, Hw. . . iv v vi
VI VII
DEPRESSELLA, H. ..vi vin
BOREELLA, Dg.
VI VII
PlMPINELLA, Z. VI VII VIII
GALBANELLA, Fisch.
VII
BIPUNCTOSA, C. probably a var. of Liturella vn
BASALTINELLA, Z. . . v ?
VI VII
ALBIPUNCTELLA, H. vi vin in
DOMESTICELLA, Hit). Ill IV
VI VII
CNICELLA, Tr. v vi vi vn
RHOMBELLA, H. vi
VII VIII
EMERITELLA, Hey. vn vin
PROXIMELLA, H. ..vin
V VI
PULCHERRIMELLA, Stn. VI VII VII VIII
NOTATELLA. H. IX X
V VI
DOUGLASELLA, Stn. V VII VIII
LYELLELLA, C
VIII IX X
WEIRELLA, Stn v vi vn vin
VULGELLA, H. IV V
VI VII
CH^EROPHYLLIVORELLA, Db. v vii vin iv
LUCULELLA, H. II III
V VI
ULTIMELLA, Stn. ..vi vii vin
SCRIPTELLA, H. VIII
V VI
NERVOSELLA, Hiu. vi vn vin ix
FUGITIVELLA, Z. . .V
VI VII
BADIELLA H vin
^ETHIOPELLA, Wsd. vin?
V VI
DlSCIPUNCTELLA, H.S. VIII IX
SOLUTELLA, Fisch..
v
HERACLEELLA, De Geer vi vin in
DlSTINCTELLA, Z. . .
VI VII
OLERELLA, Z vi vn vin ix x
CELERELLA, Dg. . .
IX
PSORICOPTERA, Stn.
COSTELLA, v5\r vii vin
VIII IX
GlBBOSELLA, Z. ... .VI VII
MACULELLA, Hw. . . vi
VII
GELECHIA, Stn.
TRICOLORELLA., Hw. iv
VI
ClNERELLA, L VI VII
FRATERNELLA, Dg. v
VI VII
RUFESCENTELLA, Hw. V VI VII VIII
MUSCOSELLA, Z V
VI VII
INORNATELLA, Dg. vi
MACULIFERELLA, Mann v
VII
GERRONELLA, Z. . . vii
VlCINELLA, Dg. V
VIII IX
VlLELLA, Z. VII VIII
LEUCOMELANELLA, Z. v
VII
HlPPOFHAELLA, Sk. VII VIII IX
JUNCTELLA, Dg. . .
IV VIII IX
MALVELLA, H. ix x vi vii
HUBNERELLA, Hw. VI?
VIII IX
POPULELLA, L V VI VII
MARMORELLA, Hw. v
VI VIII
NIGRA Hw v vi vi vii
OBSOLETELLA Fisch. vii x
VI
TEMERELLA, L vi vii
INSTABILELLA, Dg. iv v
VII VIII
LENTIGINOSELLA, Z. v vi vi vii
OCELLATELLA, Stn. VI VI
VII VIII
VELOCELLA, Fisch. iv iv v vin
LlTTORELLA, Dg. . .
V
FUMATELLA, Dg. . . VI VIII
ATRIPLICELLA, Fisch. v vn
vn vin
ERICETELLA, H. . . ix to in iv vin
SEQUACELLA, Hw. . . v
VI VII
MULINELLA, Ti. ..V VI VII
ALEELLA, F. ix
V VI
DlVISELLA, Dg. VI
LEUCATELLA, L. . . v vi
VI VII
PALUSTRELLA, Dg. vii
ALBICAPITELLA, Z. vi
VII
SORORCULELLA, H. V VI VII
NANELLA, H. v
VII
CUNBATELLA, Z. ..VII IX
MOUFFETELLA, vS". V. IV V
VI
PELIELIA, Z. vi vn
DODECELLA, L V
VII
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
245
| LARVXE
| IMAGOS
TRIPARELLA, Z. . . . .vn ix
V VI
TENEBRELLA, ff. ..ix iv
VI VII
LlGULELLA, Z V
VI VII
VORTICELLA, Z VI
VI VII
TTF.NIOLELLA, Tr. ..vvi
VII
SlRCOMELLA, Stn. . .VI ?
VI VII
IMMACULATELLA, Dg.
VIII
NlGRITELLA, Z.
VI
CORONILLELLA, Ti. V
VI VII
ANTHYLLIDELLA, H. iv
VI VIII
ATRELLA, Hw v vi
VII
BIFRACTELLA, Mann x in
VI VII
OBLITELLA, Db
VI
LUCIDELLA, -S-T
VII
LUTULENTELLA, Z.
VII
GRACILELLA, Stn. . .
V
CONFINIS, Stn v
VI
STRELITZIELLA, H.S.
VI
CEREALELLA, Ol. ..xin
V VI
GEMMELLA, L v ?
VII VIII
N^VIFERELLA, Z. . .VI X
VI VIII
HERMANNELLA, F. vi x
V VIII
PICTELLA, Z. v
V VIII
BRIZELLA, Ti x
V VIII
SUBDECURTELLA, Stn. VI
VI
ERICINELLA, Z vi
VII VIII
PAUPELLA, Z vn vm
VIII IX
INOPELLA, Z. vn
VIII
SUBOCELLELLA, Ss. X
VI VII
INTAMINATELLA, Stn. vm ix
V VI
OSSEELLA, Stn
VII
TARQUIKTIELLA, Stn.
VI
KNAGGSIELLA, Stn. vi
VII VIII
UMBROSELLA, Z. . .
V VI VII
SANGIELLA, Stn. . . v
VI VII
PlNGUINELLA, Tr. . . V
VII
LATHYRELLA, Stn. ix
VI
PARASIA, D.
LAPPELLA, L ix x
VI VII
METZNERIELLA, Dg. x n
VI VIII
CARLINELLA, Dg. ..xu
VI VII
NEUROPTERELLA, Fisch. x to vi
VII VIII
CLEODORA. Sin.
CYTISELLA, C
VII
STRIATELLA, 6". V. . . vi
VIII
CHELARIA, Hiv.
CONSCRIPTELLA, H. VI?
VIII IX
ANARSIA, Z.
SPARTIELLA, Schlg. v vi
VII VIII
GENISTELLA, Stn. . .v
VII
MAC ROC HI LA, Ss.
FASCIELLA, ff. ix
V
MARGINELLA, F. ..v
VII
JUNIPERELLA, L, . .V
VII
I LARWE | IMAGOS
USTULELLA, F. VIII IX to IV V
APLOTA, Ss.
PALPELLA, Hiv v vm
NOTHRIS, Stn.
VERBASCELLA, S. V. v vu
DURDHAMELLA, Stn. VI VII
SOPHRONIA, Stu.
PARENTHESELLA, L. vi vn
HUMERELLA, H. ..V VI
P LEU ROTA, Stn.
BlCOSTELLA, L X tO V VI VII
HARPELLA, Schlg.
GEOFFROYELLA, L... v vi
BRACTEELLA, L. ..IIIY vi
HYPERCALLIA, Ss.
CHRISTIERNINELLA, L. v vi vn
DASYCERA, Stn.
SULPHURELLA, F. ..V1V
OLIVIERELLA, F. ..v?
(ECOPHORA, Stn.
MlNUTELLA, L Ill VI
FLAVIMACULELLA, Stn. ix vi to via
TRISIGNELLA, Z. . . v vi vn
STIPELLA, Clk ix vi vn
AUGUSTELLA, H. ..V? VI
ALBIMACULELLA, Hw. (var. of Augustella)
WOODIELLA, C VI
GRANDELLA, Desv. v vi
FORMOSELLA, SV. . . VII
LUNARELLA, Hw. . . VII VIII
LAMBDELLA, Don. . . vi vn
SUBAQUILELI.A, Ed. VI VIII
TlNCTELLA, Tr. . . . . V ? V VI
SUBOCHREELLA, Dbl. VI VII
FUSCO-AURELLA, Hit). IV VIII
FLAVIFBONTELLA, H. ix to iv v vi
FUSCESCENTELLA, H-W. VII VIII
PSEUDOSPRETELLA, Stn. X IV VII VIII
CECOGENIA, G.
KlNDERMANNIELLA, Z. VII VIII
ENDROSIS, Stn.
FENESTRELLA, 6". . .1 to xu i to xu
BUTALIS, Tr.
GRANDIPENNELLA, Hiv. iv vi vn
FUSCO^NEELLA, Hw. IV VI VII
SENESCENTELLA, Stn. v vn
FUSCOCUPRELLA, HlV. VII
ClCADELLA, Z V VII
VARIELLA, 6> vi
CHENOPODIELLA, H. iv vm vi ix
TORQUATELLA, Lnig. VIII IX VI VII
INCONGRUELLA, Stn. \x in iv
PANCALIA, Stn.
LEWENHOEKELLA, L.
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I LARVXE | IMAGOS
LATREILLELLA, C. . .
GL YPHIP TER YGIDM
ACROLEPIA, C.
PERLEPIDELLA, Stn. vi
GRANITELLA, TV. ..vi vii vm
AUTUMNITELJLA, C. VII X VIII IV
BETULELLA, C vni x
MARCIDEI/LA, C. . .
ROSLERSTAMMIA, Stn.
ERXLEBENELLA, F. iv & vn v vi & vm ix
PRONUBELLA, S. V. v
GLYPHIPTERYX, .Sj.
FUSCOVIRIDELLA, Hit). IV V VI
THRASONELLA, .9. . .v ? vi vn
CLADIELLA, Stn vi vii
HAWORTHELLA, 6s. iv vi v vn
EQUITELI.A, £ v vi vi to viti
SCHCENICOLELLA, Stn. IV V V
OCULATELLA, Z VI
FlSCHERIELLA, Z. . .VII V VIII
^CHMIA, Stn.
DENTELLA, Stn vii v vi
PERITTIA, Stn.
OBSCUREPUNCTELLA, Stn. vn v
TINAGMA, D.
SERICIELLA, Hw. ..vm iv v
STANNEELLA, Fisch. ix vi
RESPLENDELLA, Dg. vn ix vi
DOUGLASIA, Stn.
OCNEROSTOMELLA, Stn. IV VII
AR GYRES THIID&
ARGYRESTHIA, Stn.
EPHIPPELLA, F. v vi vn
NITIDELIA, F. v v vm
PURPURASCENTELLA ? Stn.
SEMITESTACELIA, C. vm
SPINIELLA, Z v vi vm
ALBISTRIELLA, Hw. v vn
CONJUGELI.A, Z vm vi vn
SEMIFUSCELLA, Hw. v vii vm
^ERARIELLA, Stn. . . vi
(possibly a var. of Conjugella)
MENDICELLA, Hw. v vi vn
GLAUCINELLA, Z. . .tn iv vi vn
RETINELLA, Z. v vi vn
ABDOMINELLA, Z. ..iv vn
DlLECTELLA, Z V VI
ANDEREGGIELLA, Fisch. v vii vr.i
CURVELLA, L V VI VII
SORBIELLA, Tr. VI VII
PYGM^ELLA, H. . .iv v vi vn
GCEUARTELLA, L. ..II IV VI VII
BROCHELLA, H. m iv vi vn
ARCEUTHINELLA, Z. iv v v vi
| LARWE | IMAGOS
PR^ECOCELLA, Z. . . v
AURULENTELLA, Z. IV VIII VII VIII
CEDESTIS, Stn.
FARINATELLA, Z>. . .m iv& vi vi vn
GYSSELINELLA, D. . . m vi vn
OCNEROSTOMA, Z.
PlNARIELLA, Z. IV & VI IV VI & VIII
ZELLERIA, Stn.
HEPARIELLA, M. . . vm iv
INSIGNIPENNELLA, Stn. vm iv
FASCIAPENNELLA, Lo. ix x
SAXIFRAGE, G v vi vn
GRA CILLARIID^
GRACILLARIA, Z.
ALCHIMIELLA, S. . .vn ix v vi vm
STIGMATELLA, F. ..vivmix vn&vmiv
STRAMINEELLA, Stn. vm iv
HEMIDACTYLELLA, H. vii vm ix
FALCONIPENNELLA, H. vm ix
SEMIFASCIELLA, Hw. vii ix
PoPULETELtA, Z. ..VII IX IV
ELONGELIA, L v vii v vi ix
TRINGIPENNELLA, Z. m iv& vi vii v vm
SYRINGELLA, F. vi ix v vm
OMISSELLA, Dg. vn v vm
PHASIANIPENNEI/LA, H. vm ix ix iv
AUROGUTTELLA, Ss. IV VI IX V VIII
ONONIELLA, D iv v vi vm ix
IMPERIALELLA, M. vm ix v
HOFFMANNIELLA, Schleich
KOLLARIELLA, Z. . .VI & IX X V & VII
CORISCIUM, Z.
BROGNIARTELLA, F. vi to vm vn ix
CUCULIPENNELLA, H. VIII VIII IX IV
ClTRINELLA, Fisch. IX X IV
ORNIX, Z.
AVELLANELLA, Stn. VII IX X V VI VIII
DEVONIELLA, Stn. . . v
ANGLICELLA, Stn. . .vii ix iv v vm
BETUL^EVORELLA, Dbl. vn ix x v vi vm
SCUTULATELLA, Stn. IX ? VI
TORQUILELLA, Stn. VII IX V to VIII
SCOTICELLA, Stn. . . ix v vi
LOGANELLA, Stn. . . IX V VI
GUTTELLA, Hw VIII IX V VI
COLEOPHORIDM
GONIODOMA, Z.
ATRIPLICIVORELLA, Dbl. ix to v vm
COLEOPHORA, Z.
FABRICIELLA, Vill. vi vn
DEAURATELLA, Lnig. vn
ALCYONIPENNELLA, Kol. v vi vii vm
FRISCHELLA, L vii
PABIPENNELLA, Fisch. ix x v i
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
LARVXE ! IMAGOS
247
LARVXE | IMAGOS
WoCKEELLA, Z V VI VII
OCHREELLA, Hw. ..V VII VIII
SALICORNELLA, (N.S.} x to v vn vin
BlNOTAPENNELLA, Fisch. V VIII
LlXELLA, Z IV VII
VlBICELLA, H. VVI VII
CONSPICUELLA, M. . .V VI VI VII
PYRRHULIPENIvELLA, Ti. X IV V VI VI VII
ALBICOSTELLA, Hw. vin vi vn
VULNERARIELLA, Z. VI VII
ANATIPENNELLA, H. v vi vi to vin
PALLIATELLA, Z. ..v vi vn
IBIPENNELI.A, Hey. v vi vn
CURRUCIPENNELLA, FtSch. V VI VII
NlVEICOSTELLA, Fisch. VI VI VII
DlSCORDELLA, Z. . . X tO V VI to VIII
GENIST^ECOLELIA, Dbl. x vi vi vn
SATURATELLA, Stn. ix vi vn
ONOSMELLA, Z v vi vn
INFLATELLA, Stn. ..vinix vn
THERINELLA, Stn. . . ix vi vn
TROGLODYTELI/A, Stn. v vi vn vn vin
LlNEOLELLA, Hw. . .Ill V VI VII
MURINIPENNELLA, FlScJl. V VI V VII
SQUAMOSELLA, Stn. vin
CESPITITIELLA, Z. IX V VI VII
ANNULATELLA, Tengs. ix x vn vin
SALINELLA, Stn. ..xv vi vm
CACUMINATELLA, Dbl. x vn vm
ARGENTULELLA, Z. ix x vn
VlRGAUREELLA, Stn. IX X V VII VIII
HEMEROBIELLA, Z. v vn
JUNCICOLELLA, Stn. X V VII
LARICELLA, H. . . . .ix v vi vn
ALBITARSELLA, Z. . .xi v vi vi vn
NlGRICELLA, 6"^ VVI VI VII
FUSCOCUPRELLA, Z. IX to V VI
ORBITELLA, Z. vi va
GRYPHIPENNELLA, Bou. ix v vi vi viu
SlCCIFOLIELLA, Stn. VII VIII VI
VITISELLA, Gregs. ..xiiv vi vn
VlMINETELIjA, Z. . .IX V VI V VII
OLIVACEELLA, Stn. v vi
SOLITARIELUA, Z. ..X V VI VII
LUTIPENELLA, Z. ..VVI VI VII
BADIIPENNELLA, Fisch. v vi vn
ARTEMISICOLELLA, Br. vinto v vn
GRAMINICOLELLA, Stn. v? v
LIMOSIPENNELLA, Fisch. v vn v vi va
CHALCOGRAMMELLA, Z. v vi vn
MELILOTELLA, Sc. . .vm to x vn
ARDEJEPENNELLA, Sc. vi vn vn
ARTEMisiEdiiA, Sc. vi vn
BICOLORELLA, Sc. . . v ?
WlLKINSONELLA, Sc. VIII IX VI
ELACHISTIDM
BEDELLIA, Stn.
SOMNULENTELLA, Z. VIII IX VIII X
STRATHMOPODA, Z.
PEDELLA, L ix vu
COSMOPTERYX, Stn.
DRURIELLA, Z vm ix vn
ORICHALCELLA, Stn. vm ix v & vn
LlENIGIEfcLA, Z. ... IX VI VII
BATRACHEDRA, Stn.
PR^ANGUSTELLA, Hw. vi vn vm
PlNICOLELLA, Z VI VII
OINOPHILA, St.
V-FLAVELLA, Hw. ..V VI VII VU I
CHAULIODUS, Tr.
INSECURELLA, Stn. vn vin
ILLIGERELLA, H. . . . . v vi vn
CH^EROPHYLLELLA, Go. vi ix vn vin
DAUCELLA, Pey ix ? x xi
LAVERNA, C.
PALUDICOLELLA, Dbl. n to v vi to vm
LACTEELLA, 6"j v vi to vm
MlSCELLA, S.y. IV tO VI V to VIII
CONTURBATELLA, H. V VI VI VII
RASCHKIELLA, Fisch. v vn vi vm
STEPHENSIELLA, Stn. vn vm
EPILOBIELLA, Schlg. vi vu vm to v
OCHRACEELLA, C. ..V VII VIII
PHRAGMITELLA, Ben. v vn
DECORELLA, ^ vi vn vm ix x to iv
SUBBISTRIGELLA, Hw. VII VIII VIII IX tO V
ATRA, Hw ix to n in vi vn
RHAMNIELLA, Z. v vn
VlNOLENTEL&A, H. S.
CHRYSOCLISTA, Stn.
LlNNEELLA, Stn. . .XI tO IV VII VIII
BlMACULELLA, Hw. VI VII
SCHRANKELLA, H. . . IV VII VI VIII
FLAVICAPITELLA, Hw. ix to in iv v vi
HELIODINES, Stn.
RcESELLA, L VI VII VIII
ANYBIA, Stn.
LANGIELLA, H. vii vm
ASYCHNA, Stn.
PROFUGELLA, Z ix vn
MODESTELLA, D. ..VI V
^ERATELLA, Z x iv vi vn
TERMINELLA, Dale vm ix vi
CHRYSOCORYS, C.
FESTALIELLA, H. . .vn v vi vm
ANTISPILA, H.S.
PFEIFFERELLA, F. ..vivn v
TREITSCHKIELLA, Fisch. vm ix vi
248
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
| LARVXE
| IMAGOS
| LARVXE | IMAGOS
STEPHENSIA, Stn.
AMYOTELLA, D vn x v vi vm
BRUNNICHELLA, L. iv vn
V VI VIII
LANTANELLA, Schlg. vn ix v vm
ELACHISTA, Stn.
TRIGUTTELLA, Stn. v vi ix x v vm
GLEICHENELLA, F. . .iv v
VI VII
QUINQUEGUTTELLA, Stn. V VI IX X V VI VIII
MAGNIFICELLA, Tengs. iv v
VII
NlGRESCENTELLA, Lo. V
APICIPUNCTELLA, Stn. x to iv
VI VII
(considered a form of Bremiella)
ALBIFRONTELLA, H. iv v
VI
IRRADIELLA, Sc vn ix v vi vm
HOLDENELLA, Ed. . .
VI
BREMIELLA, .£ vn ix x iv v vm
ATRICOMELLA, Stn. v vi
VI
INSIGNITELLA, Z. ..x v vi
LUTICOMELLA, Z. . .IV V
VI tO VIII
LAUTELLA, Z vii ix x v vi vm
FLAVICOMELLA, Stn.
VII
VACCINIELLA, Sc. . .vn ix x v vi vm
POELLA, Dg. IV VII
V VIII
CAVELLA, Z vn ix v vi vm
KlLMUNELLA, Stn. . . IV VII
V VII VIII
POMIFOLIELLA, Z. . .VII IX V VI VIII
ALPINELLA? Ed. —
CORYLELLA, Ni. ... .VII IX V VI VIII
ClNEREOPUNCTELLA, Hw. IX V
V VI
SPINICOLELLA, Z. . .vn ix v vi vm
TRAPEZIELLA, Stn. . .x to v
V VI
FAGINELLA, M. . . . .vn ix v vi vm
STABILELLA, Stn. . .
VI VII
TORMINELLA, Frr. . .vn ix v vm
GREGSONELLA, Stn. iv
V VI VII
SALICICOLELLA, Si. . .vn ix v vin
NlGRELLA, H. IV VII
V VII VIII
VlMINETELLA, Stn. VII IX V VIII
SUBNIGRELLA, Dg. . .IV VII
V VI VIII
CARPINICOLELLA, Stn. vn ix v vi vm
PERPLEXELLA, Stn. . . iv v
VI VII
ULMIFOLIELLA, H. . .vn ix v vi vm
HUMILIELLA, Z
VI VII
SPINOLEF.LA, D vn ix v to vm
CONSORTELLA, Stn.
III
QUERCIKOLIELLA, Fisch. VII IX V to VIII
BEDELLELLA, Si. iv vn
V VIII
MESSANIELLA, Z. . iv vn x v vm xi
SUBOBSCURELLA, Db. Ill VII
V VI VII
CORYLIFOLIELLA, HlV. VII IX V VIII
PALUDUM, Frr. iv
VII
CALEDONIELLA, Stn. vn ix v vm
ZONARIELLA, Tengs. iv vii
V VI VIII
VlMINIELLA, Si. ... .VII IX V VI VIII
GANGABELLA, Fisch. xi to iv
V VI
SCOPARIELLA, TL . . VI VII
T.-ENIATELLA, Stn. . .IX V
v vi
ULICOLELLA, Va. ..ix vi vn
ClNGILELLA, Fisch.
VI VII
ALNIFOLIELLA, H. ..viiix* ivvviivin
OBLIQUELLA, Ed. . .
V VI
HEEGERIELLA, Z. . .vn ix v vi vin
MEGERLELLA, Z ix vi
V VI VIII
CRAMERELLA, F. vn ix v vm
ADSCITELLA, Stn. . .v vi
VI VII
TENELLA, Z. vn ix v vi vm
CERUSSELLA, H. iv vn
v to vm
ACERIFOLIELLA, Z. . .VII IX V VI VIII
RHYNCOSPORELLA, Stn. vi
VI VII
EMBERIZ/EPENNELLA, Bou. vn ix v vi vin
ELEOCHARIELLA, Stn. v
VI VII
FROLICHIELLA, Z. . .vn ix v vi YIII
BlATOMELLA, Stn. . . IV V VII
v to vm
DUNNINGIELLA, Stn. X V VI VIII
SERRICORNELLA, Lo. iv & vm
VI VII
NlCELLIELLA, Z VIIIX V VI VIII
TRI ATOM ELLA, Hw. V VI
VI VII
STETTINELLA, Ni. . .vn ix v vi vm
DlSPUNCTELLA, D. . .
VI VII
KLEMANNELLA, F. .vii ix v vi vm
COLLITELLA, Fisch.
VI VII
SCHREBERELLA, F. ..VII IX V VIII
POLLINARIELLA, Z. . .v vi
VI VII
TRISTRIGELLA, Hw. vn ix v vi vin
RUFOCINERELLA, HlV. IV
IV V
TRIFASCIELLA, Hw. iv vii ix v vtn xi
SUBOCHREELLA, Db.
V VI
SCABIOS/ECOLELLA, Db. IV VII V VIII
CYGNIPENNELLA, H. iv v vi
V VI VIII
COMPARELLA, Fisch. vii ix v vin
TISCHERIA, Z.
LYONETIID&
COMPLANELLA, H. . . IX X
VI
LYONETIA, H.
EMYELLA, D xi in vi vii
V VI VIII
CLERCKELLA, L v vii ixx vi vmxi to iv
ANGUSTICOLELLA, Hey. ix x
V VI
PADIFOLIELLA, Stn. vii vm ix x
DODONJEELLA, Stn. . . X to V
VI
PHYLLOCNISTIS, Z.
LI THOCOLLE TIDJE
SUFFUSELLA, Z VI VIII VII IX to IV
LITHOCOLLETIS, Z.
SALIGNELLA, Z vi vm ix vii vm to iv
ROBORELLA, Z VII X
V VI VIII
CEMIOSTOMA, Z.
HORTELLA. F. ..... .VII IX
V VIII
SPARTIFOLIELLA. H. iv v vii x v to vm
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
I LARVXE I IMAGOS
LABURNELLA, Hty. vn ixx v vi vm
SCITELLA, Z VIII IX VI VII
WAILESELLA, Stn, . .v vi vm ix v vi vn
LOTELLA, Stn vn vm v vi
LATHYRIFOLIELLA, Stn. vm v
OROBIELLA, Stn vm v
OPOSTEGA, Z.
SALACIELLA, Tr. .... vi vn
AURITELLA, H. V VI
CREPUSCULELLA, Fisch. vi vn
SPATUTELLA, G vn
RELIQUELLA, Z v vi & via
BUCCULATRIX, Z.
AURIMACULELLA, Stn. IV V VII V VI & VIII
ClDARELLA, Ti. VIII IX V VI
ULMELLA, M. vn ix x v vi vm ix
VETUSTELLA, M. . . vi ?
CRAT^EGIFOLIELLA, D. vm v vi
DEMARYELLA, D. . .vm ix v vi
MARITIMELLA, Stn. v vi vn
BOYERELLA, D VIII V VI
FRANGULELLA, Go. . .vm ix vi vn
HlPPOCASTANELLA, D. VIII V VI
CRISTATELLA, Fisch. vn ix v v vi vm
ARTEMISIELLA, Wk. iv v vi vi
NEPTICULID&
NEPTICULA, Z.
ATRICAPITELLA, Hw. vn x v vi vm
ANOMALELLA, Go. ..vnx vi vm
PERPYGM^EELLA, Db. vn x v vi vm
POMELLA, Va vn x v vi vm
OXYACANTH^ECOLELLA, Db. VII X V VI VIII
VlSCERELLA, Dg VII X V VI VIII
CATHARTICELLA, Stn. vn x v vi vm
SEPTEMBRELLA, Stn. vn x v vi vm
CRYPTELLA, Frr, . .vn x vi vm
WEAVERELLA, Dg. . . x iv vi
INTIMELLA, Z. ....ix v vi
HEADLEYELLA, Stn. vi vm
SUBBIMACULELLA, H<W. IX X V
ARGYROPEZELLA, Z. x v vi
TRIMACULELLA, Hw. vn ix x v vm
QUINQUELLA, Be. . . VI VII
SERRICOPEZA, Z vi vi
FLOSLACTELLA, Hw. va ix x v vm
SALICIVORELLA, Db. vn ix x v vm
MYRTILLELLA, Ed. vn ix x v vm
MlCROTHERIELLA, JVtUgVlllXX V VIII
POTERIELLA, Stn. ..VI VII
BETUHCOLELLA, Stn. vn ix x v vm
IGNOBILELLA, Stn. . . vn ix win
ARGENTIPEDELLA, Z. ix x v vi
ACETOSELLA, Stn. . .VII IX V VIII
PLAGICOLELLA, Stn. vu ix v vm
249
[ LARWE | IMAGOS
PRUNETELLA, Stn. . .vn ix v vm
MlNUSCULELLA, H.S. VIII II
TlTYRELLA, Dg. VII IX X V VIII
MALELLA, Stn vn ix v vm
ANGULIFASCIELLA, Stn. ix x vi vn
ATRICOLELLA, Stn. vm ix x v vm
ARCUASELLA, Frr. . .vn ix x v vi vm
GRATIOSELLA, Stn. ix v
MARGINICOLELLA, Stn. vn ix v vm
ALNETELLA, Stn. . ix v vi
GLUTINOSELLA, Stn. vn ix v vm
CONTINUELLA, Stn. IX VI
AURELLA, F. I to XII III VIII
SPLENDIDlSSIMELIiA, H.S. VII & IX X V & VIII
APICELLA, Stn x v
RUFICAPITELLA, Hw. X XI
CASTANELLA, Ed. . .x
LUTEELLA, Stn VII IX
^ENEOFASCIELLA, H.S. x
REGIELLA, Frr. ix
SORBIELLA, Stn VII
AUCUPARIELLA, Frr. x
ULMIVORELLA, Frr. vi & x
TlLIyEEMjA, Frr. IX X
CENTIFOLIELLA, Z. . . vi vn & x
TRIFURCULA, Z.
ATRIFRONTELLA, Stn.
SQUAMATELLA, Stn.
IMMUNDELLA, Z iv v
PuLVEROSEIJiA, Stn. VI VII
BOHEMANNIA, Stn.
QUADRIMACULELLA, H.S. VII
PTEROPHORI
P TER OPHOR IDM
AGDISTES, H. '
BENNETII, C v vn
PTEROPHORUS, Lt.
BERTRAMI, Roessler v vi vi vn
RHODODACTYLUS, S. V. vi vn vm
OCHRODACTYLUS, H. V VI VII
ISODACTYLUS, Z. . . . .V & VIII VII
TRIGONODACTYLUS, Hw. iv vi
ZETTERSTEDTII, Z. v ? vi vn
ACANTHODACTYLUS, H. VI VII VII IX
PUNCTIDACTYLUS, Ss. VII VII IX
PARVIDACTYLUS, Hw. v vi vn
HIERACII, Z. vi vn vm
L^TUS, Z vi vn
TEUCRII, Greening . .
FILOSELLE, Z. vi vn vm
PH^EODACTYLUS, H. v vi vn
SEROTINUS, Z. v & ix vi vn & x
PLAGIODACTYLUS> Fisch. iv v vi vn
ZOPHODACTYLUS, D. IX X VII VIII
V
V
V VIII
V
VI
VI
VIII
vm
VII VIII
V VI
250
THE LEPIDOPTERIST'S CALENDAR
j LARWE I IMAGOS | LARVXE | IMAGOS
LlTHODACTYLUS, Tr. V VII VIII
PTERODACTYLUS, L. vm ix vm ix x
HODGKINSONI, Gregs. vi
LlENIGIANUS, Z. V VI VII
TEPHRADACTYLUS, H. ix to v vm
OSTEODACTYLUS, Z. IX IV VII
MlCRODACTYLUS, H. IX X V VI VII
PALUDUM, Z. ...... vi
BRACHYDACTYLUS, Tr. vi vn
GALACTODACTYLUS, H. v vn
SPILODACTYLUS, C. v vi vn
BALIODACTYLUS, Z. v vi vi to vm
TETRADACTYLUS, L. v vi v & vn vm
PENTADACTYLUS, L. v v & vn via
DlCHRODACTYLUS, Muhlig V VII
ARIDUS, Z iv v v
MONODACTYLUS, L. VIII IX
ALUCITID^E
ALUCITA, L.
POLYDACTYLA, H. . .VI VII VIII tO IV
ERRATUM.
V At page 221, third line from the bottom, strike out INTERJECTARIA, as synonymous with
DILUTARIA.
JOHN BELLOWS, PRINTER, GLOUCESTER1.
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