Occasional Papers
Museum of Texas Tech University
Number 243 27 September 2005
Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
Lisa C. Bradley, BrianR. Amman, Joel G. Brant, L. RexMcAliley, Francisca Mendez-Harclerode,
John R. Suchecki, Clyde Jones, Hugh H. G enow ays, Robert J. Baker, and Robert D. Bradley
The mammalogy program at Texas Tech Uni¬
versity officially was established in 1962, when Rob¬
ert L. Packard joined the faculty of the Department of
Biological Sciences. As the institution’s first mam-
malogist, Packard took the initiative to develop a strong
program of mammalian research and education. In¬
fluenced by the successful program built by his men¬
tor, E. Raymond Hall, at the University of Kansas,
Packard modeled similar goals for Texas Tech Univer¬
sity. Those goals included a strong emphasis on both
undergraduate and graduate education and research,
with several mammalogy faculty members, and the
establishment and growth of a large and active mam¬
mal collection.
The success of the mammalogy program at Texas
Tech University, over the course of its 43-year his¬
tory, is directly attributable to five primary factors: the
development and growth of the Recent Mammal Col¬
lections of the Natural Science Research Laboratory
(NSRL); the expertise and dedication of the diverse
faculty and staff of the Department of Biological Sci¬
ences and the NSRL; the contribution of Research As¬
sociates and others who have worked cooperatively
with the mammalogy faculty; the success of the gradu¬
ates of the program who continue to benefit the sci¬
ence of mammalogy with on-going research and edu¬
cation programs at universities, museums, state and
federal agencies, and private-sector businesses around
the world; and administrative support from Texas Tech
University for the program, as well as financial sup¬
port from benefactors such as federal and state agen¬
cies, corporations, foundations, and private individu¬
als. Herein, we have organized our discussion of the
history of mammalogy at Texas Tech University by
those five categories.
The Natural Science Research Laboratory and the Recent Mammal Collections
Historical Perspective
A key component of Texas Tech University’s
mammalian research and education program has been
the activities associated with the growth of its exten¬
sive mammal collection. In 1962, Packard established
the collection with approximately 350 specimens that
he brought to Texas Tech University from Stephen F.
Austin State College, where Packard had been a fac¬
ulty member for three years. The collection, initially
2
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
housed on the second floor of the Science Building,
was moved in 1970 to the basement of the Museum of
Texas Tech University. However, there was an imme¬
diate need to establish appropriate facilities to house
the mammal collection, along with the other natural
history collections of the Museum. Thus, the Natural
Science Research Laboratory was conceived, and the
University dedicated the funds to build a wing onto the
existing museum complex to house the NSRL. Ac¬
cording to Robert J. Baker, Director of the NSRL, the
original drawing for the building floor plan was sketched
on a napkin at his kitchen table during a meeting at¬
tended by Baker, Packard, Dilford C. Carter, and J
Knox Jones, Jr.
Initially, the Natural History Collections housed
in the NSRL included mammals, birds, reptiles, am¬
phibians, fishes, invertebrates, and the paleontology
collection. In 1979, the invertebrate collection was
transferred to the Department of Plant and Soil Sci¬
ences and combined with that department’s entomol¬
ogy collection. In 1997, the entire invertebrate collec¬
tion was reaccessioned by the NSRL. This collection
was augmented by approximately 40,000 specimens
in 2001-2002 when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
deposited their collection of confiscated specimens.
In 1996, the paleontology collection received autonomy
and became a separate division under the Museum
umbrella, and was moved to the basement of the Mu¬
seum. Since that time, the NSRL has housed only
Recent specimens.
Although the early Natural History Collections
of the NSRL were diverse, representing most phyla of
the animal kingdom, the primary research focus of the
NSRL always has been mammals. This reflects the
collection-based mammalogical research focus of the
faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences. In
recent years, this emphasis had left the reptile, am¬
phibian, and fish collections underutilized at Texas Tech
University. Similarly, the mammal and bird collections
of the Texas Memorial Museum of the University of
Texas at Austin were underutilized due to that museum’s
strong focus on herpetological research. To make more
effective use of these resources, ensure the collec¬
tions were properly curated, and to make specimens
more readily available to scientists and students, Rob¬
ert J. Baker and Gary F. Edson, Director of the Mu¬
seum of Texas Tech University, and Ed C. Theriot,
Director of the Texas Memorial Museum, agreed to an
exchange of the NSRL’s reptile, amphibian, and fish
collections with the Texas Memorial Museum’s bird
and mammal collections. This exchange occurred in
2001. The collection acquired by the NSRL consisted
of nearly 7,000 mammals, 1,700 birds, 800 clutches
of eggs, and nearly 300 taxidermy mounts. The Texas
Memorial Museum collection was primarily the result
of work by noted Texas naturalist W. Frank Blair and
his students, and the collection included many speci¬
mens of historical significance. As the NSRL mam¬
mal collection prior to the exchange had consisted pri¬
marily of recently collected material (1959 forward),
the addition of the Texas Memorial Museum collection
added a valuable historical component concerning the
mammalian fauna of Texas. Although the trade re¬
duced the overall vertebrate diversity of the NSRL col¬
lection, this realignment of specimens with faculty
strengths not only benefited both universities and im¬
proved the care of both collections, but it also served
to strengthen the biodiversity programs that provide
critical natural history information to society.
A major event in the success of the NSRL pro¬
gram and the collections was the acquisition of Texas
State Line Item funding, initiated in 1996, to develop
and expand a biological database and to inventory mam¬
mals on state-owned properties. The successful fund¬
ing of this initiative was led by the efforts of Robert J.
Baker; Gary F. Edson; Nick Parker, Leader of the Texas
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; John M.
Burns, Provost of Texas Tech University; and Donald
R. Haragan, President of Texas Tech University. Sena¬
tor John T. Montford was instrumental in procuring
funding through the state legislature for this initiative.
Senator Montford later became Chancellor of Texas
Tech University and remained supportive of the mam¬
malogy/bioinformatics program. The primary goals
of the Line Item Funding were to conduct a biological
inventory of state properties to provide an archived
record of the mammalian biodiversity that was present
in Texas at the turn of the 21 st century, and to develop
an electronic database of Texas mammals that could
be accessible to state biologists and those in leadership
roles in the development of wildlife management and
conservation policies. More than 20 students have
been trained and more than 2,800 specimens have been
collected as a result of the Line Item funding from the
State of Texas. As of August 2005, more than 50
publications had been generated that utilized these
specimens.
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
3
The growth of the NSRL collections necessi¬
tated a complete remodeling of the NSRL building in
1997-1998. During those renovations, which were
supported by a National Science Foundation grant,
collection areas, office areas, and preparation areas
were isolated from each other to maximize safety and
efficiency and to minimize potential contamination
problems. A new room, equipped to house up to 11
ultra-cold freezers, was designated for frozen tissues.
Since those renovations were completed in 1998,
the traditional mammal collection has grown by more
than 25,000 specimens, and the collection of frozen
tissues has exceeded the current capacity of the freezer
room, necessitating the temporary housing of addi¬
tional ultra-colds in an adjacent room. The rapid growth
of the mammal collections in the past seven years, and
expectations for continued growth in the years to come,
spurred the recent commitment of Texas Tech Uni¬
versity to construct a new wing of the NSRL building.
The funds for this expansion generously were donated
by the Ben E. Keith Company. The expansion will
more than double the existing size of the NSRL facili¬
ties to accommodate the growing collections as well
as provide additional space for research and teaching
activities, student offices, and an expanded library.
Ground breaking for the new wing occurred in April
2004, and construction was completed in June 2005.
The Recent Mammal Collection
Currently (August 2005), the Recent Mammal
Collection contains more than 100,000 specimens and
more than 220,000 samples of genetic materials. The
collection is subdivided into three components: 1) the
Traditional Mammal Collection (approximately 84,000
specimens) of skins, skulls, and skeletons; 2) the Fluid-
preserved Collection (approximately 16,000 speci¬
mens), containing specimens preserved in alcohol; and,
3) the Genetic Resources Collection (more than
220,000 samples), which includes frozen tissues, tis¬
sues in lysis buffer, DNA and RNA samples, and blood
samples. In our discussion below, we have combined
the Traditional and Fluid-preserved Collections under
one topic.
Traditional and Fluid-preserved Collections .—
Since its establishment in 1962, the mammal collec¬
tion at Texas Tech University has experienced a rapid
growth rate, spurred by the active research programs
of the mammalogy faculty and students. From 1962
to 1975, the collection grew from a few hundred speci¬
mens to more than 25,000 specimens. By 1988, the
collection had doubled to 50,000 specimens; the NSRL
marked this occasion with a public celebration of the
official cataloging of the 50,000th specimen on 12
February 1988 (selected in recognition of Charles
Darwin’s birthday). The mayor of Lubbock at the
time, B.C. “Peck” McMinn, attended the celebration
and proclaimed the day “Natural History Research Day.”
Nine years later, on 12 February 1997, the NSRL held
a similar celebration to mark the cataloging of its
75,000th mammal specimen. Six years later, the
100,000th NSRL mammal specimen was cataloged at
a celebration on 20 June 2003, during the 83rd annual
meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists
(ASM), which was hosted by the mammalogists of
Texas Tech University.
The mammal collection currently is one of the
fastest growing mammal collections affiliated with an
academic institution. In 1997, the collection was the
13th largest in the country and the fifth largest collec¬
tion among academic institutions (Hafner et al. 1997).
It is the largest and most actively utilized mammal col¬
lection in Texas. The current NSRL collection of over
100,000 mammal specimens includes 17 holotypes
(Table 1) and contains representatives from 21 orders
and 90 families of extant mammals (Wilson and Reeder
1993). At least 65 species recognized as endangered
or threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service are represented by specimens in the collection
(USFWS 1999). The collection includes representa¬
tives from all continents, although the majority of the
specimens are from the southwestern United States,
Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Car¬
ibbean. Currently, biotic surveys being conducted in
several Latin American countries, including Mexico,
Honduras, Ecuador, and Paraguay, ensure additional
growth from the Neotropics.
The NSRL is committed to the continued growth
of the collections by traditional methods of field col¬
lecting, both in the U.S. and abroad, and through less
conventional methods, such as the acquisition of speci¬
mens through exchanges with other institutions, and
cooperative agreements with state and federal fish and
game agencies, state and federal health agencies, and
other entities. An example of traditional fieldwork,
with a modern-day twist, that has added a valuable
4
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Table 1.—Mammalian holotypes housed in the Natu¬
ral Science Research Laboratory, Texas Tech Univer¬
sity. *Specimen repatriated to Museo de Zoologia,
Pontifica, Universidad Catolica, del Ecuador.
Catalog#
Holotype specimen
TTU 9093
Glossophaga commissarisi bakeri
TTU 9774
Tonatia saurophila bakeri
TTU 12664
Uroderma bilobatum davisi
TTU 19872
Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi
TTU 19900
Chiroderma improvisum
TTU 19902
Eptesicus guadeloupensis
TTU 25893
Glossophaga soricina handleyi
TTU 36169
Rhogeesa genowaysi
TTU 36223
Glossophaga commissarisi hespera
TTU 39120
Tonatia saurophila maresi
TTU 44458
Cratogeomys castanops dalquesti
TTU 59413
Sigmodon fulviventer dalquesti
TTU 60269
Myotis evotis jonesorum
TTU 81617
Peromyscus schmidlyi
TTU 82790
Reithrodontomys bakeri
TTU 85292*
Lophostoma aequatorialis
TTU 100000
Notiosorex cockrumi
component to the NSRL collection is the research con¬
ducted since 1994 by Ronald K. Chesser, Robert J.
Baker, and associates in Chomobyl, Ukraine, at the
site of the 1986 Chornobyl Nuclear Reactor IV melt¬
down. The NSRL now houses a collection of 1,850
radioactively contaminated mammal specimens col¬
lected during that research. To our knowledge, the
Chomobyl Radioactive Vertebrate Collection is the only
such collection. The collection contains traditionally
prepared specimens as well as tissue and blood samples.
This collection is housed in a dedicated Radioactive
Collection room in the NSRL. At least 30 publications
have resulted from this research and document the
importance of such collections (see biographies of
Baker and Chesser for citations).
Other examples of recent and on-going research
that have contributed to the growth of the collections
include zoonoses studies conducted in cooperation with
several other universities and various federal and state
agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control,
Texas Department of Public Health, California Depart¬
ment of Health, and the U.S. Army. These research
opportunities have contributed significantly (over 4,000
specimens during the last six years) to the growth of
both the Traditional and the Genetic Resources Col¬
lections.
Genetic Resources Collection .— In 1967, the
NSRL was among the first academic institutions to
establish a “frozen tissues” collection, which is now
standard for most natural history museums. For many
years, the traditional protocol was to preserve samples
of liver, heart, kidney, and muscle tissues. In the late
1990s, the curators of the NSRL expanded the idea of
“standard tissues” to include lung and spleen tissues,
as well as blood samples. Further, as the value of
archived materials for molecular research has grown,
the NSRL collection has expanded to include other
forms of archived materials, including nobuto strips
with dried blood, tissues archived in lysis buffer, tis¬
sues archived in ethanol, and DNA and RNA samples.
To reflect the changing nature of this collection, it is
now known as the Genetic Resources Collection.
Texas Tech University is recognized nationally for this
collection, and many museums have based the devel¬
opment of their collections on the model established
by Texas Tech University.
In 1989, the Genetic Resources Collection of the
NSRL consisted of approximately 25,000 samples from
10,000 specimens. Currently, the collection houses
more than 220,000 samples from more than 65,000
specimens and 900 species, making it one of the larg¬
est such collections in the world. Recognizing that
access to voucher specimens can be crucial for future
verification of source material, the NSRL has made
efforts to assure that the vast majority of the voucher
specimens from which genetic materials are obtained
are housed at the NSRL. Since 1999, the NSRL has
made an average of 85 loans per year from this collec¬
tion, and the rate of loans continues to increase. Fur¬
ther, the significance of this collection will continue to
increase as technological advances in molecular biol¬
ogy allow for more refined studies (e.g., systematic,
genetic, forensic, ecotoxilogical, and epidemiological)
of the biology of the voucher specimens.
Publication Series
The NSRL produces three scientific publications:
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
(established 1972), Special Publications, Museum of
Texas Tech University (established 1972), and
Museology (established 1975). These publications were
initiated through the efforts of J Knox Jones, Jr., while
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
5
he was serving as Director of Academic Publications.
Occasional Papers are short to moderate length scien¬
tific papers; Special Publications are book-length sci¬
entific publications; and Museology includes works
related to the care and management of museum col¬
lections. As of August 2005, these three periodicals
totaled 299 publications, 242 of which are Occasional
Papers , 47 are Special Publications , and the remain¬
ing 10 are Museology. In recent years, the publication
rate has grown as a result of the productive research
programs of the NSRL staff and associates. For ex¬
ample, the number of Occasional Papers published
from 1997 through August 2005 was triple the num¬
ber published during the previous eight years.
Collection Management Enhancements
While maintaining a strong commitment to tradi¬
tional field methods and conventional research, the
mammalogists at Texas Tech University have been
active in developing and implementing advances in tech¬
nology to improve the care and curation of the Recent
Mammal Collections. In recent years, a primary fo¬
cus of Robert J. Baker, as Director of the NSRL, has
been the development and implementation of cutting-
edge technologies to meet the current and future de¬
mands of professional mammalogists. Changes imple¬
mented at the NSRL in recent years include: the com¬
puterization of each collection in a searchable data¬
base; the implementation of a bar-code system that
allows for quick identification and cataloging of
samples; the electronic capture of data in the field; and
the assignment of global positioning data to precisely
determine collection localities for all specimens. Since
1998, the NSRL staff and associates have published at
least seven papers directly related to informatics and
the use of technology in the life sciences, data man¬
agement, and systematic collections (Allen et al. 2001;
Baker et al. 1998; King et al. 2000; Knyazhnitskiy et al.
2000; Monk 1998; Monk and Baker 2001; Parker et
al. 1998).
In 2001, Texas Tech University was one of 17
North American institutions to commit to the MaNIS
project. MaNIS is an acronym for Mammal Networked
Information System. With support from the National
Science Foundation, these institutions are developing
a network of distributed databases of mammal speci¬
men data. The objectives of MaNIS are to: facilitate
open access to combined specimen data from a web
browser; enhance the value of specimen collections;
conserve curatorial resources; and use a design para¬
digm that can be easily adopted by other disciplines
with similar needs (Wieczorek 2001). Texas Tech Uni¬
versity and the NSRL are excited about this opportu¬
nity for natural history museums to come together to
build and support a biodiversity informatics infrastruc¬
ture in an open, collaborative manner.
Faculty and Staff of the Department of Biological Sciences and NSRL
As the first mammalogist at Texas Tech Univer¬
sity, one of Packard’s first goals for the program was
to recruit additional mammalogists in an effort to build
a productive program of research and education.
Packard began by recruiting Robert J. Baker, who
joined the Texas Tech University faculty in 1967. This
began a continued trend of growth and expansion as
additional mammalogists joined the faculty of the De¬
partment of Biological Sciences and later the staff of
the Natural Science Research Laboratory. Typically,
new faculty members were sought out and recruited
by existing faculty. For example, Baker nominated
and recruited J Knox Jones, Jr., who came to Tech in
1971 as Dean of the Graduate School and Professor
of Biological Sciences. In the same year, J Knox Jones,
Jr., brought in Dilford C. Carter from Texas A&M as
Associate Dean of the Graduate School and Professor
of Biology. Jones also was largely responsible for the
appointment of Hugh H. Genoways in 1972 as the first
Curator of Mammals for the NSRL, and for bringing
Clyde Jones into the program in 1982 as Director of
the Museum and Chairman of the Museum Science
Department. Robert J. Baker, J Knox Jones, Jr., and
Clyde Jones also played various roles in the appoint¬
ments of Ronald K. Chesser, Michael R. Willig, Robert
D. Owen, Robert D. Bradley, and David J. Schmidly.
Texas Tech University has been fortunate to have other
quality researchers join the mammalogy faculty, in¬
cluding Carleton J. Phillips when he was hired as Chair¬
man of the Department of Biological Sciences in 1998.
Most recently, Jorge Salazar-Bravo joined the Biologi¬
cal Sciences faculty in 2003.
6
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
The mammalogists of Texas Tech University have
been active in describing new species and subspecies
of mammals in the scientific literature. Robert L.
Packard, Robert J. Baker, J Knox Jones, Jr., Hugh H.
Genoways, and Robert D. Bradley have described more
than 60 taxa of Recent mammals. Since 2002, five
new species-level taxa of Recent mammals have been
described by Baker, Bradley, and associates (Baker et
al. 2002, 2003, 2004; Bradley et al. 2004a, 2004b).
The description of new mammalian taxa inevitably will
continue as further research is conducted utilizing the
NSRL Genetic Resources Collection, employing mo¬
lecular methods and the application of the genetic spe¬
cies concept (Bradley and Baker 2001).
Following are brief biographies of key personnel
who have contributed substantially to the science of
Robert L. Packard (1962-1979)
Robert L. Packard was born in 1928 in Lincoln,
Nebraska. He obtained his B.S. from the University of
Nebraska in 1951 with a double major in Botany and
Zoology. After two years of service in the U.S. Army
as an officer in the ordinance corps, Packard attended
graduate school at the University of Kansas where he
received his M.A. in 1955 under Rollin H. Baker. He
received his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas un¬
der the guidance ofE. Raymond Hall in 1960.
Packard was an Assistant Professor of Biology
at Stephen F. Austin State College for three academic
years (1959-1962). In 1962, Packard took a position
in the Department of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech
University (then known as Texas Technological Col¬
lege) as the university’s first mammalogist. While at
Texas Tech University he held the positions of Assis¬
tant Professor (1962-1965), Associate Professor
(1965-1967), and Professor of Biology (1967-1979).
Packard also served as Assistant Dean of the Graduate
School (1967-1968), Coordinator of Research for the
Museum (1971-1975), Curator of Mammals (1962-
1971), and Director of the Junction Center Campus
(1975-1979). He served as president of the South¬
western Association of Naturalists (1972-1973) and
as chair of the Local Committee for the annual meet¬
ing of the American Society of Mammalogists held at
Texas Tech University in June 1976. Throughout his
mammalogy and to the growth of the mammal collec¬
tions at Texas Tech University. Most of these indi¬
viduals are traditional mammalogists, whereas others
specialize in fields other than mammalogy, but have
contributed significantly to mammalian education and
research at Texas Tech University. Most of the indi¬
viduals profiled below have served on the faculty of
the Department of Biological Sciences. Many have
served as Curators, Collections Managers, and/or Re¬
search Associates of the NSRL. The publication
records of these individuals total more than 1,900 pa¬
pers and at least 50 books. Biographical accounts are
presented in order of arrival at Texas Tech University
with the dates of service provided in parentheses.
career in the biological sciences Packard was active in
publishing, beginning with his first manuscript in 1950
as an undergraduate ( Notes on the nesting of the black-
crowned night heron at the Valentine National Wildlife
Refuge, Nebraska ) to his last, published in 1979 (. De¬
mographic patterns of small mammals: a possible use
in impact assessment ). Packard published 61 papers
during his career, with 40 of those occurring during
his tenure at Tech. Packard described six taxa of Re¬
cent mammals: Baiomys musculus handleyi, Baiomys
musculus pullus, Baiomys taylori canutus, Baiomys
taylorifuliginatus, Ochrotomys nuttallifloridanus, and
Ochrotomys nuttalli lisae. He is a co-author on the
description of a fossil species, Baiomys intermedius
(Packard and Alvarez 1965), and the renaming of a
whale, Feresa occulta (Jones and Packard 1956).
Packard was instrumental in developing the
groundwork for the Texas Society of Mammalogists
(TSM). This was one of his most cherished dreams,
and Robert Baker notes that Packard first outlined his
vision of a Texas mammal society to Baker during the
ASM meetings in Long Beach, California, in June 1966.
Packard’s vision included presentations by students, a
lecture by an invited keynote speaker, and participa¬
tion by each of the mammalogy programs in Texas,
with each institution reporting on research activities,
grants, and each graduate student’s thesis or disserta-
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
7
tion project. His primary agenda was to enhance the
quality of mammalogy in the state by increasing com¬
munication between the various universities, programs,
and individuals involved in mammalian research and
education.
Unfortunately, Packard never saw his plan for a
Texas Society of Mammalogists come to fruition; on
8 April 1979, Packard passed away from colon can¬
cer. His passing might have been a death knell for the
Texas mammal society, as well. However, many Texas
mammalogists wanted to see Packard’s dream become
a reality. On 20 November 1981, Arthur G. Cleveland,
of Texas Wesleyan University, convened an organiza¬
tional meeting of the society at Texas Tech University’s
Junction campus. Twenty-nine participants were in
attendance at that meeting, with Arthur Cleveland and
John C. Patton (then at Baylor University) serving as
ad hoc presiding officers. The attendees appointed a
committee of four - Robert E. Martin (University of
Mary Hardin-Baylor), Frank W. Judd (Pan American
University), Brian R. Chapman (Corpus Christi State
University) and Arthur Cleveland - to prepare a con¬
stitution for the society. The first official meeting of
the Texas Society of Mammalogists took place Febru¬
ary 19-21, 1983, with Robert J. Baker serving as the
ad hoc presiding officer. The society has met annu¬
ally every year since 1983 at the Texas Tech Univer¬
sity Junction Campus. Texas is the only individual
state in the U.S. with a scientific society devoted to
mammalogy. In 1984, the Texas Society of Mam¬
malogists honored Robert L. Packard by establishing
the Robert L. Packard Award for the best student pa¬
per in natural history research (the Packard Award was
later designated for the Best Overall student paper).
In 1985, Packard was recognized as part of the first
Robert J. Baker (1967-present)
Robert J. Baker was born in 1942 in Warren,
Arkansas. Baker received his B.S. degree from Ar¬
kansas A&M College in 1963. In 1965, he obtained
his M.S. degree from Oklahoma State University, com¬
pleting his work under Bryan P. Glass. Baker then
attended the University of Arizona in Tucson where he
obtained his Ph.D. in 1967 under the guidance of E.
Lendell Cockrum. In addition. Baker spent the sum-
class of Honorary Members of the Texas Society of
Mammalogists. As of today, Packard is the only indi¬
vidual recognized posthumously.
Packard was known as an excellent teacher both
in the field and in the classroom. He was particularly
committed to field biology, and to the introduction of
undergraduate students to that experience. He was
well known for his field trips, where graduate and un¬
dergraduate students, often non-biology majors, were
encouraged to experience the hard work and satisfac¬
tion of conducting field research such as trapping ro¬
dents, especially kangaroo rats. Packard was recog¬
nized for his contributions to undergraduate education
by several awards, including the Distinguished Teach¬
ing Award from Standard Oil of Indiana (1971), the
Sigma Delta Chi Teaching Award (1972), and the Out¬
standing Undergraduate Teaching Award from Mortar
Board (1974). In addition, the Southwestern Associa¬
tion of Naturalists honored Packard’s teaching skills
with the establishment of the Robert L. Packard Out¬
standing Educator Award.
Packard’s leadership included the direction of the
first Ph.D. student in biological sciences to graduate
from Texas Tech University; Herschel Garner’s dis¬
sertation, Population Dynamics, Reproduction, and
Activities of the Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys ordii, in
Western Texas, was completed in August of 1970. In
total, Packard directed 19 master’s students and eight
Ph.D. students to completion while at Texas Tech Uni¬
versity, all of who conducted mammalian-based re¬
search (Table 2). A synopsis of Packard’s career and
publication record is provided in Jones (1981) and
Martin and Chapman (1984).
mers of 1967 and 1968 in a postdoctoral position at
M.D. Anderson Hospital in the lab of T. C. Hsu.
In 1967, Packard recruited Baker to join the De¬
partment of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech Univer¬
sity as Assistant Professor. Baker was promoted to
Associate Professor in 1971 and Professor in 1975.
In 1979, Baker was named Paul W. Horn Professor,
8
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Table 2. Graduate students of Texas Tech University faculty associated with the Department of Biological
Sciences and/or Natural Science Research Laboratory. An asterisk (*) indicates the thesis or dissertation re¬
search of the student had a mammalogy or systematic collections focus. Several students (no asterisk) received
a non-thesis (NT) M.A. degree in Museum Science, but conducted mammalogical research independently; other
students generated theses and dissertations in other zoological categories, but participated in mammal-related
research projects.
Major
Advisor
Student Name
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
Robert L. Packard
* William B. Grabowski
M.S.
1964
* Duane Ikenberry
M.S.
1964
* Paul G. Desha
M.S.
1964
* Herschel W. Garner
M.S.
1965
* Robert B. Drotman
M.S.
1967
* Frank Schitoskey, Jr.
M.S.
1967
* David J. Schmidly
M.S.
1968
* Daniel R. Womochel
M.S.
1968
* Frank W. Judd
M.S.
1968
* Robert C. McReynolds
M.S.
1968
* Joyce W. Mize
M.S.
1969
* Paul R. Ramsey
M.S.
1969
* Jimmy D. Roberts
M.S.
1969
* Brian R. Chapman
M.S.
1970
* Gerald L. Johnson
M.S.
1972
* Michael H. Droge
M.S.
1976
* Peter V. August
M.S.
1976
* Michael C. Krenz
M.S.
1977
* Timothy L. Tandy
M.S.
1978
* Herschel W. Gamer
Ph.D.
1970
* Walter H. Conley
Ph.D.
1971
* Robert W. Wiley
Ph.D.
1972
* Graham C. Hickman
Ph.D.
1974
* Robert E. Martin
Ph.D.
1974
* Kenneth G. Matocha
Ph.D.
1975
* James B. Montgomery
Ph.D.
1979
* John W. Clarke
Ph.D.
1979
Robert J. Baker
* Dale Berry
M.S.
1969
* Omer J. Reichman
M.S.
1970
* William J. Bleier
M.S.
1971
* Brent Lee Davis
M.S.
1973
* Stephen L. Williams
M.S.
1973
* Ira F.Greenbaum
M.S.
1975
* John E. Comely
M.S.
1975
* Margaret O’Connell
M.S.
1975
* Edward Pembleton
M.S.
1975
* John C. Patton
M.S.
1976
* Rebecca A. Bass
M.S.
1978
* Laurie Erickson
M.S.
1979
* Anette Johnson
M.S.
1979
* Paul Young
M.S.
1979
* Karen McBee
M.S.
1980
* Mike Arnold
M.S.
1981
* Ben Koop
M.S.
1982
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
9
Table 2 (cont.)
Major Student Name
Advisor
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
Robert J. Baker
* Cora Clark
MS.
1983
* Kimberlyn Nelson
M.S.
1984
* Hae Kyung Lee
M.S.
1985
* Albert Kumirai
M.S.
1989
* Kevin L. Bowers
M.S.
1992
Mary Maltbie
M.S.
1992
* Shelly Witte
M.S.
1993
Susan Carron
M.S.
1995
* Sergio Tiranti
M.S.
1996
* Ted W. Jolly (co-advised with R. D. Bradley)
M.S.
1997
* April Bates
M.A.
1997
Ellen Roots
M.S.
1998
* Britney Hager
M.A.
1998
* Cole Matson
M.S.
1999
* Oleksiy Knyazhnytskyi (co-advised with R. R. Monk)
M.A.
1999
* Nicole Lewis-Oritt
M.S.
2000
* Reagan D. King
M.A.
2000
* Amy Halter (co-advised with R.R. Monk)
M.A.
2001
* Mark O’Neill
M.S.
2001
* Emma Mae Pamela Dawson
M.A.
2001
* Yelena Dunina
M.S.
2003
* Mariko Kageyama (co-advised with R. R. Monk)
M.S.
2003
* Rene Fonseca
M.S.
2004
Holly Bjorum
M.A. (NT)
2005
* Adam Brown
M.S.
In Progress
* Peter Larsen
M.S.
In Progress
Juan Pablo Carrera
M.A.
In Progress
Tamara Enriquez
M.A.
In Progress
* James Hoyt Bowers
PhD.
1973
* Jerry W. Warner
Ph.D.
1973
* V. Rick McDaniel
Ph.D.
1973
* William J.Bleier
Ph.D.
1975
* John W. Bickham
Ph.D.
1976
* Ira F. Greenbaum
Ph.D.
1978
* Terry L. Yates
Ph.D.
1978
* Rodney L. Honeycutt
Ph.D.
1981
* Margaret A. O’Connell
Ph.D.
1981
* Mike Haiduk
Ph.D.
1983
* Fred B. Stangl, Jr.
Ph.D.
1984
* Mazin B. Qumsiyeh
Ph.D.
1986
* Craig S. Hood
Ph.D.
1986
* David C. Kerridge
Ph.D.
1987
* Ronald A. Van Den Bussche
Ph.D.
1989
* Meredith J. Hamilton
Ph.D.
1989
* Alec Knight
PhD.
1991
* Robert D. Bradley
Ph.D.
1991
Calvin Porter
PhD.
1992
* Jonathon L. Longmire
Ph.D.
1993
*Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales
Ph.D.
1994
* Cheryl A. Schmidt
Ph.D.
1995
* James Andrew Dewoody (co-advised with R. K. Chesser)
Ph.D.
1997
* Mary Maltbie
Ph.D,
1997
10
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Table 2 (cont.)
Major
Advisor
Student Name
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
Robert J. Baker
* R. Richard Monk
Ph.D.
1997
James Cathey
PhD.
1997
* Burhan Ghariebeh
Ph.D.
1997
* Kateryna Dmytrivna Makova (co-advised with R. K. Chesser)
Ph.D.
1999
* Anton Nekrutenko
Ph.D.
1999
* Kelly Allen (co-advised with N. C. Parker)
Ph.D.
2000
* Brenda E. Rodgers
Ph.D.
2000
* Jeffery K. Wickliffe
Ph.D.
2002
* Federico Hoffmann
Ph.D.
2002
* Deidre Parish
Ph.D.
2003
Adam Fuller
PhD.
2004
* Hugo Mantilla
Ph.D.
2004
*Emma Dawson
Ph.D.
2005
* Sergio Solari
PhD.
In Progress
* Vicki Swier
Ph.D.
In Progress
* Heather Meeks
Ph.D.
In Progress
* Michelle Knapp
Ph.D.
In Progress
Norma Salcedo Maurtua (co-advised with R. Strauss)
Ph.D.
In Progress
J Knox Jones, Jr.
* John C. Hafner
M.S.
1976
Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales
M.A. (NT)
1987
* Russel Pesaturo
M.S.
1989
* Dallas Eugene Wilhelm
Ph.D.
1977
* William D. Webster
Ph.D.
1983
* Robert R. Hollander (co-advised with C. Jones)
Ph.D.
1988
* Moira van Staaden (co-advised with R. K. Chesser)
Ph.D.
1989
* Larry L. Choate (co-advised with C. Jones)
Ph.D.
1991
* Richard W. Manning (co-advised with C. Jones)
Ph.D.
1991
Dilford C. Carter
* C. Stanley Rouk
Ph.D.
1973
* Patricia Dolan
Ph.D.
1982
Hugh H. Genoways
Stephen L. Williams
M.A. (NT)
1975
R. Laurie Robbins
M.A. (NT)
1975
David K. Dean
M.A. (NT)
1976
Robert C. Dowler
M.A. (NT)
1976
Rene Laubach
M.A. (NT)
1976
M. Houston McGaugh
M.A. (NT)
1976
Michael L. Bishop
M.A. (NT)
1977
Catherine H. Carter
M.A. (NT)
1977
SaraE. W. Franken
M.A. (NT)
1977
Thomas E. Herman
M.A. (NT)
1977
David O. Lintz
M.A. (NT)
1977
M. Elizabeth McGhee
M.A. (NT)
1977
Eddie C. Rowland
M.A. (NT)
1977
Michael J. Smolen
M.A. (NT)
1977
Stephen T. Sousa
M.A. (NT)
1977
Pierre Swanepoel
M.A. (NT)
1977
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
11
Table 2 (cont.)
Major
Advisor
Student Name
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
Stephen L. Williams
Andrea Veatch
M.A. (NT)
1993
Laura Branstetter
M.A. (NT)
1994
Ron K. Chesser
* David McCullough
M.S.
1985
* Susan Noble
MS.
1986
* Kevin Willis
M.S.
1987
Janis Files
M.S.
1987
Rebecca Meyers
M.S.
1988
* Susan Winde
M.S.
1989
* Eric Jordan
M.S.
In Progress
* David McCullough
Ph.D.
1991
* Moira Van Staaden (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.)
Ph.D.
1989
* Andrew Dewoody (co-advised with R. J. Baker)
Ph.D.
1997
* Kateryna Makova (co-advised with R. J. Baker)
Ph.D.
1999
Clyde Jones
Stephen McDonald
M.A. (NT)
1986
Pat Brown
M.A. (NT)
1987
Mary Candee
M.A. (NT)
1987
Tommy Eaton
M.A. (NT)
1987
Brenda Cooke
M.A. (NT)
1988
Nancy Hildreth
M.A.
1988
Patsy Jackson
M.A. (NT)
1988
Lorelei Mount
M.A.
1988
Mark Murphy
M.A. (NT)
1988
David Zuflacht
M.A. (NT)
1993
* Dawn Kaufman (co-advised with M. R. Willig)
M.S.
1994
Deidre Parish
M.S.
1994
* Maryann Lynch
M.S.
1995
* Kristie Jo Roberts
M.S.
1998
* Robert R. Hollander (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.)
Ph.D.
1988
* Paisley S. Cato (co-advised with D. J. Schmidly)
Ph.D.
1990
* Larry L. Choate (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.)
Ph.D.
1991
* Richard W. Manning (co-advised with J. K. Jones, Jr.)
Ph.D.
1991
* Jim R. Goetze
Ph.D.
1995
* Franklin D. Yancey, 11
Ph.D.
1996
Michael R. Willig
* Randy Colbert
M.S.
1986
Debbie Kyrouac (co-advised with J. C. Zak)
M.S.
1988
Elizabeth Sandlin
M.S.
1989
Debbie Bean
M.S.
1990
Javier Alvarez
M.S.
1991
* Dianne Hall
M.S.
1992
David Herrmann (co-advised with R. W. Sites)
M.S.
1992
John Cary
M.S.
1992
Ozlen Konu (co-advised with D. L. Moorhead)
M.S.
1992
* S. Kathleen Lyons
M.S.
1994
* Dawn Kaufman (co-advised with C. Jones)
M.S.
1994
Michele Secrest
M.S.
1995
Alec B. Shaner
M.S.
1995
12
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Table 2 (cont.)
Major
Advisor
Student Name
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
* Richard N. Stevens
M.S.
1996
Brian Croyle
M.S.
1997
* Michael Cramer
M.S.
1998
Carla G. Guthrie (co-advised with D. L. Moorhead)
M.S.
1998
Donald A. Yee
M.S.
1999
* Paulo Marcos Gorresen
M.S.
2000
Kelly Johnson
M.S.
2000
* Jeffrey Law
M.S.
In Progress
* Joseph Felts
M.S.
In Progress
* Brian Klingbeil
M.S.
In Progress
* Lily Arias
M.S.
In Progress
* Michael R. Gannon
Ph.D.
1991
Gerardo R. Camilo
Ph.D.
1992
Javier Alvarez
Ph.D.
1997
Dianne L. Hall
Ph.D.
1997
Stephen B. Cox
Ph.D.
1999
Jeffery C. Roberts
Ph.D.
2002
* Richard D. Stevens
Ph.D.
2002
Chris P Bloch
Ph.D.
2004
* Stephen Presley
Ph.D.
2004
* Celia Lopez Gonzalez
M.S.
1993
* Lorinda L. Sheeler-Gordon
M.S.
1996
* Steven T. Mezik
M.S.
1997
* Hu Wang
M.S.
2001
* Alisa A. Abuzeiheh
M.S.
In Progress
*Ty!a Holsomback
M.S.
In Progress
* Celia Lopez Gonzalez
Ph.D.
1998
* Carl W. Dick
Ph.D.
2005
* Daniela Miotti
Ph.D.
In Progress
* Noe de la Sancha
Ph.D.
In Progress
* Charlene L. Mauk
M.S
1996
* Sarah Hrachovy (co-advised with M. A. Houck)
M.S
1997
* J. Jeffrey Root (co-advised with S. Demarais)
M.S
1997
* Ted W. Jolley (co-advised with R. J. Baker)
M.S
1997
* Lottie L. Peppers
M.S
1998
* Stacy J. Mantooth
M.S
1999
* Irene Tiemann-Boege
M.S
1999
* Melinda Clary
M.S
2000
* John R. Suchecki
M.S.
2003
* Serena A. Reeder
M.S.
2003
* Lisa K. Longhofer
M.S.
2004
* B. Dnatd Baxter
M.S.
In Progress
* Ryan Chambers
M.S.
In Progress
* Nevin Durish
M.S.
In Progress
* Cody W. Edwards
Ph.D.
2000
* Darin S. Carroll
Ph.D.
2002
* Brian Amman
Ph.D.
2005
Michael R. Willig
Robert D. Owen
Robert D. Bradley
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective
13
Table 2 (cont.)
Major
Advisor
Student Name
Degree
Completed
Year
Completed
Robert D. Bradley
* Francisca Mendez-Harclerode
Ph.D.
2005
* Michelle L. Haynie
Ph.D.
In Progress
* John D. Hanson
Ph.D.
In Progress
R. Richard Monk
* Oleksiy Knyazhnytskyi (co-advised with R. J.Baker)
M.A.
1999
* Hye Kyoung Kang
M.A.
1999
* Susan E. Fishman-Armstrong
M.A.
2000
* Amy S. Halter (co-advised with R. J. Baker)
M.A.
2001
* J. Heath Garner
M.A.
2002
* Mariko Kageyama (co-advised with R. J. Baker)
M.A.
2003
* Jeongheui Lim
M.A.
2003
David J. Schmidly
* Christine Hice
Ph.D.
2003
Carleton J. Phillips
* Joel G Brant
Ph.D.
2005
* Robert S. DeBaca
PhD.
In Progress
Jorge Salazar-Bravo
* Joseph Carmichael
M.S.
In Progress
* Jonathan Dunnum
Ph.D.
In Progress
the highest faculty position awarded at Texas Tech
University. Baker also held the position of Associate
Chairperson of Biological Sciences (1985-1986). Cur¬
rently, Baker is Horn Professor of Biology as well as
Director of the NSRL and Curator of Mammals and
Vital Tissues (Genetic Resources), positions he has
held at the Museum since 1976.
Baker has developed a broad interest in mamma¬
lian research, including chromosomal evolution, sys-
tematics, zoogeography, and ecotoxicology. He has
become an international leader in chromosomal research
and its applicability to species concepts, diversity, spe-
ciation, and systematics. Baker’s other research in¬
terests include genetic consequences of environmen¬
tal pollution, conservation genetics, cultivar identifica¬
tion, DNA zip codes, genome organization, in situ hy¬
bridization and chromosomal architecture, mobile DNA,
molecular genetics, molecular systematics, contact
zones between chromosomal races, speciation, and
American leaf-nosed bats. Since 1994, Baker has ac¬
tively conducted research, with Ron Chesser and oth¬
ers, at the site of the Chornobyl Nuclear Reactor di¬
saster (Baker et al. 1996; Baker and Chesser 2000).
Throughout his career Baker has been active in
publishing, with more than 320 publications including
five edited books and four obituaries. Baker has de¬
scribed 10 taxa of Recent mammals: Uroderma
bilobatum davisi (Baker and McDaniel 1972),
Chiroderma improvisum (Baker and Genoways 1976),
Eptesicus guadeloupensis (Genoways and Baker 1975),
Geomys bursarius knoxjonesi (Baker and Genoways
1975), Rhogeesa genowaysi (Baker 1984), Rhogeesa
hussoni (Genoways and Baker 1996a), Carollia sowelli
(Baker et al. 2002), Notiosorex cockrumi (Baker et al.
2003), Lophostoma aequatorialis (Baker et al. 2004),
and Oryzomys andersoni (Brooks et al. 2004). Of the
two described as subspecies, Geomys knoxjonesi is
currently recognized as a distinct species (Baker et al.
1989) and Uroderma bilobatum davisi appears to be
reproductively isolated from the remainder of Uroderma
bilobatum (Hoffmann et al. 2003). Baker’s contribu¬
tions to research were acknowledged by the American
14
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Society of Mammalogists with the presentation of the
C. Hart Merriam Award in 1980 and by the South¬
western Association of Naturalists with the presenta¬
tion of the Donald W. Tinkle Research Excellence
Award in 1993. In 1990, Baker was recognized as a
Fellow of the Texas Academy of Sciences. His ren¬
dering of long and dedicated service to the American
Society of Mammalogists was recognized with the pre¬
sentation of the H.H.T. Jackson Award in 1994. Baker
was granted Honorary Membership by the Texas So¬
ciety of Mammalogists in 1997 and by the American
Society of Mammalogists in 2005. Also in 2005, Baker
was presented with the Barbara Bowman Award from
the Texas Genetics Society for the Texas Outstanding
Geneticist.
Baker has been involved intensely in the educa¬
tion of graduate students while at Tech. Baker has
been recognized for his work with students, in the
classroom as well as in the lab and in the field, by
several awards, including the Joseph Grinnell Award
for Excellence in Education in Mammalogy in 2000
from the American Society of Mammalogists, the first
annual TTU Association of Biologists Award for Ex¬
cellence in Graduate Education in 2001, and the South-
J Knox Jones, Jr. (1971-1992)
J Knox Jones, Jr., was born in 1929 in Lincoln,
Nebraska. He received his B.S. in Zoology from the
University of Nebraska in 1951 and his Master’s de¬
gree in Zoology in 1953 from the University of Kansas
under the direction of Rollin H. Baker. In 1953, Jones
entered the U.S. Army and served on active duty in the
United States, Korea, and Japan until 1955, and as a
reservist until 1965. In 1955, Jones returned to the
University of Kansas to pursue a Ph.D. under the di¬
rection ofE. Raymond Hall. Upon completing the Ph.D.
in 1962, Jones was appointed Assistant Professor of
Zoology and Assistant Curator of Mammals at the
University of Kansas. He subsequently was promoted
to Associate Professor and Associate Curator (1965-
1968), then Professor and Curator (1968-1971). Jones
also served the Kansas Museum of Natural History as
Assistant Director (1965-1967) and Associate Direc¬
tor (1967-1971).
western Association of Naturalists Robert L. Packard
Outstanding Educator Award in 2002. In 38 years at
Texas Tech University, Baker has directed 41 Master’s
students and 35 Ph.D. students to completion (Table
2). Currently, Baker has eleven graduate students (two
M.S., two M.A., and seven Ph.D. candidates).
Baker has been dedicated to supporting profes¬
sional organizations, including serving as Editor for
General Notes (1972-1973), Editor for Feature Articles
(1974-75), Journal Editor (1985-1987), and Manag¬
ing Editor of the Journal of Mammalogy (1982-1984,
1992-1993). Baker also served as editor of the Occa¬
sional Papers and Special Publications of the Mu¬
seum, Texas Tech University (1975-1984, 1992-
present). He has served as President of the South¬
western Association of Naturalists (1981-1982), the
Texas Tech University chapter of Sigma Xi (1989),
the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1990-1991), the
American Society of Mammalogists (1994-1996), and
the Texas Genetics Society (2003). Recently, Baker
was chair of the Local Committee for the 83rd annual
meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists held
at Texas Tech University in June 2003.
In 1971, Jones was hired by Texas Tech Univer¬
sity as Dean of the Graduate School and Professor of
Biological Sciences. In 1974, he was promoted to
Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, a
role he maintained until 1984. In 1986, Jones was
named Paul Whitfield Horn Professor of Biological
Sciences and Museum Science. Jones served the
Museum of Texas Tech University as Research Asso¬
ciate (1972-1984), Acting Director (1971-1972), and
Curator (1984-1992).
Jones also served Texas Tech University as Di¬
rector of Academic Publications (1971-1984), during
which time he initiated the museum publications series
Occasional Papers , Special Publications, and
Museology. He served as editor for these series from
1984 until his death in 1992. Jones also served as
Managing Editor for Evolution (1965-1966), Journal
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective
15
of Mammalogy (1967-1973), and Texas Journal of
Science (1985-1992), and Jones served as President
of the American Society of Mammalogists (1972-1974)
and the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1985-1986).
Jones’ research interests, from his graduate years
through his tenure at Texas Tech University, included
the systematics, taxonomy, and distribution of mam¬
mals in the U.S. (particularly the Great Plains), Mexico,
Centra] America, and the Caribbean Islands. Jones
described five species and 28 subspecies of mammals
(one species and nine subspecies during his tenure at
Tech), including Feresa occulta (Jones and Packard
1956), Desmodus stocki (Jones 1958), Reithrodontomys
spectabilis (Jones and Lawlor 1965), Reithrodontomys
paradoxus (Jones and Genoways 1970), and
Glossophaga mexicana (Webster and Jones 1980).
Three mammals were named in Jones’ honor ( Geomys
bursarius bioxjonesi , Onychomys torridus knoxjonesi,
and Blarina brevicauda knoxjonesi). There are also
six ectoparasites and one endoparasite species named
for J Knox Jones, Jr.
Among Jones’ most significant contributions to
mammalogy was the Checklist of Mammals of North
America North of Mexico, first published in 1973.
Demand for that checklist was so great that it was
necessary to reprint the publication. The checklist
Dilford C. Carter (1971-1990)
Dilford C. Carter was bom in 1930 in Abilene,
Texas. Carter received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from
Southern Methodist University. He earned his Ph.D.
from Texas A&M University in 1962 under the direc¬
tion of William B. “Doc” Davis. From 1962 to 1971,
Carter was on the faculty of Texas A&M University
and staff of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Sta¬
tion, and he also served as Curator of Mammals of the
Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection. Carter came to
Texas Tech University in 1971 as the Associate Dean
of the Graduate School and served in that capacity
until 1983. Carter also was Director of Texas Tech
University Press (1976-1984), Editor of Academic Pub¬
lications (1972-1984), and Director ofPrinTech (1985-
1990).
soon became a series, and seven editions of the Re¬
vised Checklist of Mammals of North America North
of Mexico (1975, 1979, 1982, 1986, 1992, 1997,2003)
have now been published.
Jones was the recipient of numerous awards from
the various societies he served, including the C. Hart
Merriam Award (American Society of Mammalogists,
1977), Hartley H. T. Jackson Award (American Soci¬
ety of Mammalogists, 1983), Texas Scientist of the
Year (Texas Academy of Science, 1992), Donald W.
Tinkle Research Excellence Award (Southwestern As¬
sociation of Naturalists, 1992), and Honorary Mem¬
bership (American Society of Mammalogists, 1992;
Texas Society of Mammalogists, 1992). A prolific
writer, he published 376 works including 15 authored
or edited books. While at Tech, Jones directed three
Master’s and six Ph.D. students (Table 2).
Jones passed away 15 November 1992 while still
on the faculty at Texas Tech University. Before his
death, he established the J Knox Jones, Jr. Memorial
Scholarship to be awarded annually to graduate stu¬
dents at Texas Tech University that have demonstrated
excellence in mammal-based research. Additional bio¬
graphical information regarding J Knox Jones, Jr., is
available in Genoways and Baker (1996b) and Findley
etal. (1996).
Carter’s colleagues and peers often refer to him
as the world expert on molossid bats. He specialized
in collecting bats and other mammals in the American
tropics. Carter was strongly committed to fieldwork
and to introducing students to field biology. He led
many field trips to Mexico that were taught as Mu¬
seum Science courses. Two significant accomplish¬
ments while at Texas Tech University were receiving
(with J Knox Jones, Jr.) a Smithsonian Foreign Cur¬
rency Grant for studying mammals in Croatia, and his
publication, along with his Ph.D. student Patricia Dolan,
of the Catalogue of Type Specimens of Neotropical
Bats in Selected European Museums (Carter and Dolan
1978). Carter also served as editor, along with Baker
and J Knox Jones, Jr., of the three-part series, Biol -
16
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
ogy °f B ais °f the New World Family Phyllostomatidae
(Baker et al. 1976, 1977, 1979). Carter described at
least five mammalian taxa, including Vampyrops nigellus
(Gardner and Carter 1972), Vampyrops brachycephalus
(Rouk and Carter 1972), and Tonatia silvicola
occidentalism Tonatia silvicola centralis , and Tonatia
Hugh H. Genoways (1972-1976)
Hugh H. Genoways was born in 1940 in
Scottsbluff, Nebraska. He obtained a B.S. in Biology
from Hastings College in 1963. In 1971, Genoways
obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas. He
was directed in his doctoral studies first by E. Raymond
Hall and then by J Knox Jones, Jr.
In 1972, Genoways became Curator of Mam¬
mals at the Museum of Texas Tech University. He
subsequently became an Adjunct Assistant Professor
for both the Department of Biological Sciences and
the School of Medicine from 1973 to 1976, and served
as the Acting Coordinator of Research for the Mu¬
seum in 1975-1976. Genoways also was active in the
establishment of the Museum Science Program at Texas
Tech University, becoming a Lecturer in 1974.
Genoways supervised 16 master’s students in the
Museum Science Program (Table 2) during his five-
year association with Texas Tech University.
Genoways has been a Research Associate of the NSRL
since 1999.
Genoways’ research interests include the sys-
tematics, biogeography, and ecology of New World
mammals, especially rodents and bats. He has de¬
scribed one genus, eight species, and 12 subspecies
of mammals, including Reithrodontomys paradoxus
(Jones and Genoways 1970), Liomys spectabilis
(Genoways 1971), Ancenycteris rasmusseni (Sutton
Stephen L. Williams (1975-1976,1990-1995)
Stephen L. Williams was born in 1948 in Mid¬
land, Texas. He attended Texas Tech University, and
in 1970 he obtained his B.S. in Zoology with a minor
in Geology. In 1973 he received a M.S. in Zoology
with a minor in Botany under the guidance of Robert
evotis (Davis and Carter 1978). Carter directed two
Ph.D. students of mammalogy while at Tech (Table
2). Carter retired from Texas Tech University in 1990
and currently is involved in private business enterprises
in Lubbock.
and Genoways 1974), Eptesicus guadeloupensis
(Genoways and Baker 1975), Chiroderma improvisum
(Baker and Genoways 1976), Tonatia schulzi
(Genoways and Williams 1980), Molossops neglectus
(Williams and Genoways 1980), and Rhogeesa hussoni
(Genoways and Baker 1996a).
Genoways has published 228 scientific papers
and has authored or edited 14 books. Genoways was
managing editor of the Journal of Mammalogy from
1974 to 1978, and was editor of Museology for Texas
Tech University from 1975 to 1976. He served as
President of the American Society of Mammalogists
(1984-1986) and the Southwestern Association of
Naturalists (1984-1985). In 1987, Genoways received
the C. Hart Merriam Award from the American Soci¬
ety of Mammalogists, and he was named an Honorary
Member of the society in 2002. In 2004, Genoways
received the H. H. T. Jackson Award of the American
Society of Mammalogists in recognition of his out¬
standing service to the society.
In 1976, Genoways was hired as Curator of
Mammals at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
In 1986, he became Director of the University of Ne¬
braska State Museum, and served in that position until
1994. Currently, he is the Chair of the Museum Stud¬
ies Program and Professor of Museum Studies at the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
J. Baker. He received a M.A. two years later in Mu¬
seum Science under the direction of Hugh H.
Genoways. Upon his graduation in 1975, Williams
became the Collection Data Analyst at the Museum of
Texas Tech University. In 1976, Williams became Col-
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
17
lection Manager of the Section of Mammals, Carnegie
Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylva¬
nia. He served in that position until 1990, when he
returned to Texas Tech University as Collections Man¬
ager and Adjunct Professor of Museum Sciences. He
chaired the graduate committees of two Master of Arts
students while at Texas Tech (Table 2).
Williams left Texas Tech University in 1995 to
pursue his current position as Assistant Professor of
Museum Studies at Baylor University. Williams re¬
ceived his Ph.D. in Conservation in October 1999 from
Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden. Williams is
active in several professional organizations and served
as President of the Society for the Preservation of
Ronald K. Chesser (1981-1989, 2001-Present)
Ronald K. Chesser was bom in 1951 in Carnegie,
Oklahoma. He graduated with a B.S. from the Univer¬
sity of Oklahoma in 1973. In 1976 he completed a
M.S. degree at Memphis State University under the
direction of Michael Harvey. He obtained his Ph.D.
under the direction of Gary D. Schnell at the Univer¬
sity of Oklahoma in 1981. Chesser came to Texas
Tech University as an Assistant Professor in the De¬
partment of Biological Sciences in 1981. While at Texas
Tech, Chesser contributed substantially to the Museum
Science program, especially in database management
and computerization of the collection. In 1987, he
was promoted to Associate Professor. In 1989,
Chesser accepted a position at the Savannah River
Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Chesser served
that institution in several different capacities until 2001,
when he returned to Texas Tech University as Profes¬
sor to head a biological informatics initiative in the De¬
partment of Biological Sciences.
Clyde Jones (1982-present)
Clyde Jones was born in 1935 in Scottsbluff,
Nebraska. After graduating from Hastings College with
a B.A. (1957), he entered graduate school at the Uni¬
versity of New Mexico under the direction of James
S. Findley. He received both his M.S. (1960) and Ph.D.
Natural History Collections (1990-1992). He has ex¬
tensive field experience in the United States, Mexico,
and Suriname, as well as many other international lo¬
calities. Williams has described six mammalian taxa:
Molossops neglectus (Williams and Genoways 1980),
Tonatia schulzi (Genoways and Williams 1980),
Geomys personatus davisi (Williams and Genoways
1981 ), Aselliscus tricuspidatus koopmani (Schlitter et
al. 1983), and Tonatia saurophila bakeri and Tonatia
saurophila maresi (Williams et al. 1995). Williams has
more than 130 publications, including three books, in
mammalogy and museology; his publications are ex¬
emplary in exploring methods and procedures to im¬
prove care of mammal collections.
Much of Chesser’s research has focused on spa¬
tial and temporal dynamics of nuclear and organelle
genes. He also has been interested in detailing the be¬
havioral ecology of organisms and the influence of
behaviors on the mode and tempo of evolution within
and among populations through the use of theoretical
models. In addition, Chesser’s research includes the
effect of radiation and other chemical hazards at
Chornobyl, Ukraine, and in other regions of the world.
His recent publications documenting the internal and
external dose of native mammals at Chornobyl (Chesser
et al. 2001) and recreating the radioactive plumes at
Chornobyl (Chesser et al. 2004) are landmark works
relevant to basic biological science and national strate¬
gic planning for nuclear power plant accidents and
terrorism. While at Tech, he has supervised six mas¬
ters and four doctoral students and currently he has
one M.S. student (Table 2). He also has directed five
postdoctoral students. Chesser has published more
than 120 papers and one book.
(1964) degrees from this institution with his research
centering on the microtine rodents and bat populations
of the Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico. In 1965,
Jones began teaching as an Assistant Professor at
Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. His major
18
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
research interests while at Tulane included the distri¬
bution of bats in southern Louisiana and the bats, ro¬
dents, and primates of Rio Muni, West Africa. His
publications regarding the primates of Rio Muni, West
Africa (Jones and Riopelle 1973, 1974) are considered
classic.
Jones was Chief of the Mammal Section of the
Bird and Mammal Laboratory at the National Museum
of Natural History from 1970 to 1973. He was Direc¬
tor of the National Fish and Wildlife Research Labora¬
tory, National Museum of Natural History, from 1973
to 1979. He then served as Director of the Denver
Wildlife Research Center in Denver, Colorado, from
1979 to 1982.
As a result of a reorganization of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service in 1982, Jones was offered an
administrative position in Washington, D.C. Rather
than accept that position, Jones preferred to continue
his field-based research, and he decided to accept the
position of Director of the Museum of Texas Tech
University. Jones served as Director of the Museum
until 1985, and served as Chairman of the Museum
Science Department until 1987. Since 1987, Jones
has served as Professor in the Department of Biology
and as Curator of the NSRL. Jones also was Associ¬
ate Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences from
1987 to 2002.
In 1999, Jones was awarded Texas Tech
University’s highest faculty award, the Paul Whitfield
Horn Professorship. Other awards presented to Jones
Michael R. Willig (1983-Present)
Michael R. Willig was born in 1952 in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. He graduated from the University of
Pittsburgh in 1974 with a Bachelor of Science degree
in Biology. He received a Ph.D. in Biology in 1981
from the University of Pittsburgh under the direction
of Michael A. Mares.
Willig began his career at Texas Tech University
in 1983 as an Assistant Professor and was promoted
to Professor of Biology in 1993. He was Chairman of
the Department of Biological Sciences from 1995 to
while at Texas Tech University include the Award of
Excellence (Texas Tech University Press, 1993), Out¬
standing Researcher (Texas Tech University, 1995),
the Hartley H.T. Jackson Award (American Society of
Mammalogists, 1997), and Honorary Membership
(Texas Society of Mammalogists, 1995; American
Society of Mammalogists, 2003). In 2003, the Texas
Society of Mammalogists honored Jones by establish¬
ing a new student award, for Best Poster Presenta¬
tion, as the Clyde Jones Award.
Jones served as President of Texas Society of
Mammalogists (1987-1988), Managing Editor for the
Journal of Mammalogy (1984-1990), and in various
other capacities for the American Society of Mam¬
malogists, Texas Society of Mammalogists,
Chihuahuan Desert Research Institute, and the Bio¬
logical Society of Washington.
Jones’ research interests while at Tech include
the taxonomy, systematics, distribution, ecology, and
biogeography of Recent mammals, particularly in the
Chihuahuan Desert. Jones has published over 180
scientific papers including five books. Jones described
one mammalian subspecies, Myotis fortidens
sonoriensis, and elevated Myotis lucifugus occultus to
a species (Findley and Jones 1967). He has directed
14 master’s students and six doctoral students to
completion while at Texas Tech University (Table 2).
Jones retired from teaching in 2003, but as Professor
Emeritus he remains active in research in the Depart¬
ment of Biological Sciences and the NSRL.
1997, and Director of the Institute for Environmental
Studies from 1994 to 1996. Willig has served in a
number of editorial capacities including: Associate Edi¬
tor for the Journal of Mammalogy (1991-1994), As¬
sociate Editor for Special Publications of the Ameri¬
can Society of Mammalogists (1999-2001), Associate
Editor for Frontiers in Ecology (2002-2004), Associ¬
ate Editor for Mastozoologia Neotropical (1993-
present), and Editorial Board member for Biological
Conservation (2003-present).
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
19
While at Tech Willig has served as major advisor
to 24 masters and nine doctoral students (Table 2),
and he has directed 11 post-doctoral associates. Willig
has published 134 manuscripts and four books. He
has extensive field research experience in Paraguay,
Peru, Puerto Rico, and Brazil. His research interests
include quantitative approaches to ecological, biogeo¬
graphic, and systematic questions based on manipula¬
tive and observational experiments or modeling exer¬
cises. He has a broad taxonomic interest, including
several invertebrate groups, but his main mammalogical
interest is bats. He received the Barney E. Rushing
Faculty Distinguished Research Award from Texas
Tech University and the George Misksch Sutton Award
Robert D. Owen (1983-1989, 1991-Present)
Robert D. Owen was born in 1948 in Tulsa, Okla¬
homa. He graduated from the University of Oklahoma
in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science in Zoology. He
received a Ph.D. in 1987, also in Zoology, from the
University of Oklahoma under the direction of Gary
D. Schnell.
Owen was hired by Texas Tech University in
1983 to serve as Museum Collection Manager at the
NSRL, where he remained until 1989. From 1989 to
1991, he was an Assistant Professor in the Depart¬
ment of Biology at the University of Missouri-Kansas
City. He returned to Texas Tech University in 1991 as
an Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences and was
promoted to Associate Professor in 1997. He has served
as a major advisor to six masters and four doctoral
students at Texas Tech University (Table 2).
Robert D. Bradley (1994-Present)
Robert D. Bradley was born in 1960 in Carthage,
Missouri. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science
degree from Texas A&M University in 1983. In 1986
he completed a Master of Science degree at Texas
A&M under the direction of David J. Schmidly. He
obtained his Ph.D. in 1991 under the direction of Rob¬
ert J. Baker at Texas Tech University. Bradley held
two postdoctoral positions, the first with David M.
in Conservation Research from the Southwestern As¬
sociation ofNaturalists. Willig has described two mam¬
malian taxa ( Tonatia saurophila bakeri and Tonatia
saurophila maresi [Williams et al. 1995]).
While remaining on faculty at Texas Tech Uni¬
versity, Willig served the National Science Foundation
as Director in the Ecology Program (2000-2002), and
currently serves as Director of the Division of Envi¬
ronmental Biology (2004-present). These positions
include the management and leadership of the premier
funding programs for basic research in ecology, evo¬
lution, and systematics in the United States.
Owen has published 55 manuscripts and has re¬
ceived two Fulbright Scholarships for lecturing and
research in Paraguay. His research interests include
mammalian systematics, zoogeography, evolution, and
zoonoses, with emphasis on Neotropical fauna. Owen
has described two mammalian taxa; a subspecies,
Pygoderma bilabiatum magna (Owen and Webster
1983), and Koopmania , a genus of Stenodermatine
bat (Owen 1991). Other interests include the imple¬
mentation of multivariate statistical methods in sys¬
tematics and evolution, philosophy and methodology
in vertebrate phylogenetics, and morphological corre¬
lates of genetic phenomena in mammals and
bioindicators of environmental disruption and contami¬
nation.
Hillis and James J. Bull at University of Texas at Austin
(1991-1992), and the second with Rodney L.
Honeycutt at Texas A&M University (1992-1994).
Bradley joined the faculty of Texas Tech University in
1994 and currently serves as Associate Professor in
the Department of Biological Sciences and Curator of
Mammals at the NSRL.
20
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Bradley served as President of the Texas So'ciety
of Mammalogists (2002-2003) and as Associate Edi¬
tor for the Journal of Mammalogy (2001 -2005). While
the focus of Bradley’s research is mammalian system-
atics and molecular evolution, his research interests
are fairly broad and encompass topics such as hybrid
zones, chromosomal evolution and speciation, the ori¬
gin and evolution of rodent-borne viruses, epidemiol¬
ogy and zoonoses of mammalian-borne viruses, the
growth and utilization of natural history collections,
bioinformatics, and the utility of the Genetic Species
Concept (Bradley and Baker 2001). Bradley has con¬
tinued the tradition of field-based research at Texas
Tech University by teaching the Field Methods course
of the Museum, a course that was first implemented
by Packard. Several of the courses involved trips to
Mexico (1995, 1997,2000,2005) and Honduras (2001,
2004) and have included many graduate and under-
R. Richard Monk (1995-2003)
R. Richard Monk was bom in 1963 in Spanish
Fork, Utah. He obtained his Bachelor of Science in
Zoology in 1987 from Brigham Young University. At
Texas Tech University he earned a masters degree in
Museum Science in 1990 and a Ph.D. in Biology in
1997 under Robert J. Baker. His dissertation research
involved the development of databases for systematic
collections. During his time at Texas Tech University,
Monk was a Curatorial Assistant (1989-1990, 1993-
1995), Collections Manager (1995-1996), Assistant
Curator (1996-1997), and Curator of Collections and
Adjunct Professor (1997-2003). Monk was a key
David J. Schmidly (1996-2002)
David J. Schmidly was bom in 1943 in Level land,
Texas. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree
from Texas Tech University in 1966. Two years later
he completed a Master of Science degree at Tech un¬
der the direction of Robert L. Packard. He obtained
his Ph.D. in 1971 under the supervision of Donald F.
Hoffmeister at the University of Illinois-Champaign/
Urbana. After completing his Ph.D., he joined the fac¬
ulty of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sci¬
ences at Texas A&M University and eventually held
graduate students, as well as faculty from other insti¬
tutions, such as Ron Van Den Bussche and Meredith
Hamilton of Oklahoma State University. Bradley’s re¬
search program includes a strong commitment to the
tradition of collecting voucher specimens with associ¬
ated tissues. Bradley has directed four doctoral stu¬
dents and 11 master students to completion, and cur¬
rently he has three master’s student and two doctoral
students (Table 2). He has published 98 papers. Bra¬
dley has described two new mammalian species
{Reithrodontomys bakeri [Bradley et al. 2004b] and
Peromyscus schmidlyi [Bradley et al. 2004a]), and has
propose that 10 others be elevated from subspecific to
specific status {Peromyscus beatae , P. sagax , P.
levipes, Geomys knoxjonesi , G. streckeri , Neotoma
leucodon, N. picta, N. isthmica, Sigmodon toltecus ,
and S. hirsutus ).
component in the development of database applica¬
tions for the NSRL collections. In June 2003, Monk
chaired the 18th annual meeting of the Society for the
Preservation of Natural History Collections, which was
hosted by the Museum of Texas Tech University. Monk
taught several classes in Museum Science and Biology
at Texas Tech University, and he advised seven stu¬
dents that earned post-graduate degrees at Tech (Table
2). Monk has published 13 manuscripts. He cur¬
rently serves as Curatorial Associate in the Depart¬
ment of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natu¬
ral History in New York.
two major administrative positions; Head of the Wild¬
life and Fisheries Sciences Department (1986-1992),
and Chief Executive Officer and Campus Dean of Texas
A&M at Galveston (1992-1996). In 1996, Baker urged
Schmidly to return to his alma mater of Texas Tech
University as Graduate Dean, as well as Professor of
Biological Sciences and Curator of Mammals for the
NSRL. Schmidly was quickly promoted to Vice Presi¬
dent for Research and Graduate Studies, then to Presi¬
dent of Texas Tech University in 2000. Schmidly served
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: AHistorical Perspective
21
in that capacity until 2003, when he accepted the posi¬
tion of President and CEO of the Oklahoma State Uni¬
versity system.
Schmidly’s research interests include the sys-
tematics, taxonomy, and natural history of Nearctic/
Neotropical mammals, with special interests in the con¬
servation of wildlife diversity in Texas, the southwest¬
ern U.S., and Mexico, and the marine mammals of the
Gulf of Mexico. His publication record includes 99
scientific publications and seven books.
Among the most noted of Schmidly’s books are
the fifth (1995; co-authored with William B. Davis)
and sixth (2004) editions of The Mammals of Texas.
The Mammals of Texas is considered a standard refer¬
ence for Texas mammalogists, and the book is used as
a textbook or primary reference material by many of
the universities and colleges in the state that teach mam¬
malogy courses. Another book, Texas Natural His¬
tory: A Century of Change , published in 2001 by the
Texas Tech University Press, chronicles the history of
Carleton J. Phillips (1998-Present)
Carleton J. Phillips was born in 1942 in
Muskegon, Michigan. He graduated from Michigan
State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in
Zoology in 1964. He received a Master of Science
degree in 1967 under the direction of E. Raymond Hall.
In 1969 he obtained his Ph.D. in Zoology from the
University of Kansas under the direction of J Knox
Jones, Jr. Phillips served in various faculty and ad¬
ministrative capacities, including Department Chair and
Graduate Program Director for the Department of Bi¬
ology at Hofstra University and Chair of Biological
Sciences at Illinois State University, before coming to
Texas Tech University in 1998 as Chair of the Depart¬
ment of Biological Sciences (1998-2002) and Profes¬
sor of Biological Sciences (1998-present). Phillips was
promoted to Assistant Vice President for Research in
2002. From June 2003 to September 2004, Phillips
served as a William C. Foster Fellow in the Office of
Proliferation Threat Reduction (PTR), Nonprolifera¬
tion Bureau at the U.S. Department of State. From
December 2003 through June 2004 he also was Spe¬
cial Advisor on Nonproliferation to the Coalition Pro¬
mammalogy in Texas and the changes in the natural
history of Texas mammals as a result of human influ¬
ences in the 20th century.
Schmidly has served as President of the South¬
western Association of Naturalists (1980-1981) and
the Texas Society of Mammalogists (1985-1986). In
2003, he was elected to the Texas Hall of Fame for
Science, Mathematics, and Technology, and he was
the inaugural recipient of the Harvey Weil Professional
Conservationist Award. He served as Editor of the
Journal of Mammalogy for three years, and served on
the Board of Directors for ASM from 1978-1999.
Schmidly was the first recipient of the Donald W.
Tinkle Research Excellence Award by the Southwest¬
ern Association of Naturalists in 1988. In 1999, the
Texas Society of Mammalogists named Schmidly an
Honorary Member. In 2003, the American Society of
Mammalogists recognized his contributions to educa¬
tion in mammalogy with the Joseph Grinnell Award.
While at Tech, Schmidly supervised one doctoral stu¬
dent (Table 2).
visional Authority in Iraq (Office of National Security
Affairs). Presently, he is an advisor to the State De¬
partment on Proliferation Threat Reduction and Pro¬
fessor of Biological Sciences at Texas Tech Univer¬
sity.
While working in Baghdad and Basra, Iraq (Oc¬
tober 2003-June 2004), Philips and Dr. Alex Dehgan
developed the Iraq International Center for Science
and Industry (IICSI), which is a program to redirect
to civilian work the Iraqi scientists, engineers, and tech¬
nicians who previously were employed in nuclear,
chemical, and biological weapons programs and deliv¬
ery systems. Phillips also worked with Iraqi universi¬
ties on the broader issue of reconstruction of science
and technology in Iraq. He helped create the Iraq Ra¬
dioactive Source Regulatory Authority, the Iraq Non¬
proliferation Programs Foundation (a planned precur¬
sor to a future Iraq National Science Foundation), and
advised the Iraq Interim Government National Secu¬
rity Affairs Advisor on treaties and conventions related
to nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.
22
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Phillips received the C. Hart Merriam Award for
Excellence in Research from the American Society of
Mammalogists in 1999 and Tributes of Appreciation
for service to the nation from the Secretaries of State
and Defense and from Presidential representative L.
Paul Bremer in 2004. Phillips has more than 140 sci¬
entific publications. A historical perspective on the
history of academic field mammalogy in North America
(co-edited with Clyde Jones) was published by the
Texas Tech University Museum in 2005 (Phillips and
Jones 2005). Phillips’ research interests include gen¬
eral mammalian biology, comparative ultrastructure and
molecular and cellular evolution, as well as biogeogra¬
phy and population molecular genetics. The majority
of Phillips’ scientific articles since 1985 (more than
Jorge Salazar-Bravo (2003-present)
Jorge Salazar-Bravo was bom in 1964 in La Paz,
Bolivia. He obtained his B.S. in 1988 from the
Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia. In 2000,
Salazar-Bravo earned his Ph.D. in Biology from the
University of New Mexico under the direction of Terry
L. Yates. He was Acting Assistant Curator of Mam¬
mals at the Museum of Southwestern Biology, Univer¬
sity of New Mexico, from 2000 to 2001. In 2001,
Salazar-Bravo was hired as a Visiting Assistant Pro¬
fessor in the Department of Biology and Curator of
Mammals of the Museum of Southwestern Biology at
the University of New Mexico. Salazar-Bravo came
to Texas Tech University in 2003 as an Assistant Pro-
60) focused on comparative ultrastructure, molecular
evolution of secretory products, and histochemistry
of mammalian salivary glands. He pioneered field tech¬
nology for preserving tissue samples for laboratory
transmission electron microscopy. As a result, he and
Dr. Bernard Tandler have compared cell structure in
more than 300 species of mammals and described sev¬
eral new secretory cell organelles and unique evolu¬
tionary modifications associated with diet or repro¬
ductive isolation. Phillips’ current scholarship includes
national biosecurity issues and national security and
strategic planning on biological weapons defense, dual
use technologies, and infectious agents associated with
wild mammal reservoirs. He has supervised one doc¬
toral student to completion (Table 2).
fessor in the Department of Biological Sciences to
strengthen the program in the study of mammalian
reservoirs associated with zoonotic diseases.
His research interests include virus/host coevo¬
lution and the interplay between ecology and disease,
as well as systematics, biogeography, evolution, and
conservation of Neotropical and Nearctic mammals.
He has extensive field experience in South America,
Central America, and the southwestern United States.
Salazar-Bravo has published 36 scientific papers, and
currently he is mentoring one M.S. and one Ph.D. stu¬
dent (Table 2).
Contributions of Research Associates and Others
Numerous professionals other than mammalogy
faculty have contributed to the mammalogy program
at Texas Tech University in various ways over the past
40+ years. Such contributions include the develop¬
ment and administration of related programs (such as
the Museum Science program), the direction of gradu¬
ate students who conducted mammalian research, ser¬
vice on the committees of mammalogy graduate stu¬
dents, the contribution of mammal specimens to the
NSRL collections, and collaborative research efforts
with NSRL staff and faculty. These individuals typi¬
cally have come from disciplines other than mammal¬
ogy, such as museum science, paleontology, ornithol¬
ogy, herpetology, entomology, parasitology, endocri¬
nology, ecology, and wildlife biology. Some have been
faculty of the Department of Biology, some have been
faculty of other Texas Tech University departments,
and some have been associated with other universities
or institutions.
Most of the individuals discussed in this section,
and many others, have been officially recognized as
Research Associates of the NSRL. Table 3 provides a
list of the Research Associates of the NSRL from 1970
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
23
to present. Research Associates of the NSRL are “pro¬
fessionals, who may or may not be employees of Texas
Tech University, who are associated in a professional
manner with the collections and/or the personnel of
the NSRL.” They are appointed on an annual basis by
the Director of the Museum. The responsibilities of a
Research Associate include carrying out field and labo¬
ratory research activities in association with the pro¬
fessional staff of the NSRL, carrying out research and
scholarly activities utilizing the collections of the NSRL,
and promoting the NSRL through the production of
research and scholarly activities. The students of Re¬
search Associates often utilize the NSRL to complete
the requirements for graduate degrees. Since 1970,
the collaborative relationships between the NSRL and
the Research Associates have been profitable for Texas
Tech University, the Museum, the NSRL, and the sci¬
ence of mammalogy. While it is beyond the scope of
this paper to discuss individually all of the Research
Associates of the NSRL and others who have contrib¬
uted to the mammalogy program, we have chosen here
to recognize a select few who have been particularly
influential in the growth and success of the mammal¬
ogy program at Texas Tech University.
Mary Elizabeth King was Curator of Anthropol¬
ogy and Professor of Anthropology and Museum Stud¬
ies from 1971 to 1978. She also served as Acting
Chairperson of the Museum Studies Department. King
co-founded the Museum Science Program with Craig
Black and Hugh Genoways.
Craig C. Black was a vertebrate paleontologist.
He came to Texas Tech University in 1972 as Director
of the Museum and Professor of Geosciences. He
was a major force in the development of the Museum
Science Program at Texas Tech University, and over¬
saw the construction of the NSRL building.
Robert W. Wilson also was a vertebrate paleon¬
tologist. He was a Visiting Professor in Museum Sci¬
ence and Geosciences at Texas Tech University from
1975 to 1977. Wilson specialized in the study of the
Order Rodentia.
Nick C. Parker came to Tech in 1988 as leader
of the federal Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research
Unit. He worked with Robert J. Baker, Gary F. Edson,
and John M. Bums to secure line item funding for the
Museum in a biological database initiative. Parker was
the driving force in the cooperative study between
Texas Tech University and Texas Parks and Wildlife
that produced Texas Parks and Wildlife for the 21st
Century (Schmidly et al. 2001).
Richard E. Strauss joined the faculty of the Biol¬
ogy Department in 1992. He specializes in biometry
and multivariate statistics. Although Strauss’ interests
are primarily associated with fishes, he has directed
one mammalogy graduate student, and he has served
on numerous graduate committees of mammalogy stu¬
dents. Strauss works enthusiastically and tirelessly to
strengthen the experimental design and statistical analy¬
ses of graduate students’ theses and dissertations.
A select few of a long list of other professionals
who have contributed to the mammalogy program at
Texas Tech University include William R. Atchley, Fred
C. Bryant, John M. Burns, J. C. Cross, Stephen
Demarais, Llewellyn D. Densmore, Jerran T. Flinders,
George W. Fulk, Raymond C. Jackson, Eileen Johnson,
Marilyn A. Houck, Mildred Lowe, Robert W. Mitchell,
Danny B. Pence, Stuart L. Pimm, Francis L. Rose,
Michael K. Rylander, Russell W. Strandtmann, Donald
W. Tinkle, and Robert J. Warren.
Graduate Education
Although a few mammal-focused Master’s the¬
ses were completed prior to 1962, Robert L. Packard’s
arrival in that year generally is recognized as the true
beginning of the graduate mammalogy program at
Texas Tech University. The first Ph.D. in Zoology
with a mammalogy focus was granted to Packard’s
student, Herschel W. Garner, in 1970. From 1954
through 2005, the Department of Biological Sciences
granted at least 91 M.S. and 69 Ph.D. degrees that
involved mammalian research. In addition, the Mu¬
seum Science Program at Texas Tech University is
one of the few programs in the nation offering a
24
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Table 3.—Research Associates of the NSRL, 1970-2005.
Name
Current affiliation
Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin
Baker, Robert
Bickham, John W.
Bogan, Michael A.
Carter, Dilford
Cathey, James C.
Chesser, Ron
Choate, Jerry R.
Cockrum, E. Lendell
Dalquest, Walter
Fulhorst, Charles
Genoways, Hugh
Gharaibeh, Burhan
Goetze, Jim
Hamilton, Meredith
Hoffmann, Federico
Hoffmann, Robert S.
Honeycutt, Rodney L.
Hood, Craig C.
Jackson, Raymond C.
Jannett, Jr., Frederick
Jones, Cheri A.
Jones, Jr., J. Knox
Kendall, Ron
Manning, Richard
Mares, Michael
McMurry, Scott
Milazo, Mary Lou
Mollhagen, Tony R.
Muniz-Martinez, Raul
Nash, Robert
Owen, James
Owen, Robert
Packard, Robert L.
Parker, Nick
Patton, James L.
Pence, Danny P.
Phillips, Carlton J.
Quintana, Miguel
Qumsiyeh, Mazin
Rodgers, Brenda
Sanchez-Hemandez, Camelio
Sansom, Andrew
Schlitter, Duane
Schmidly, David
Simmons, Nancy
Stangl, Frederick
Tesh, Robert B.
Tiranti, Sergio
Van Den Bussche, Ron
Willig, Michael
Williams, Stephen
Wilson, Don
Yates, Terry
Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico
Texas Tech University
Texas A&M University
USGS,Fort Collins
Texas Tech University (retired)
TAMU Extension Center, Uvalde
Texas Tech University
Fort Hays State University
University of Arizona (Prof. Emeritus)
deceased
University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
University of Pittsburgh
Laredo Community College
Oklahoma State University
University of Nebraska
Smithsonian Institution
Texas A&M University
University of Loyola
Texas Tech University
University of Minnesota
University of Colorado, Denver
deceased
Texas Tech University
Southwest Texas State University
University of Oklahoma
Texas Tech University
Univserity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
Texas Tech University
Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
deceased
Universidad Salvadorena Alberto Masferrer, El Salvador
Texas Tech University
deceased
Texas Tech University (retired)
Univ. of California at Berkeley
Texas Tech Health Sci. Center
Texas Tech University
U.S. Army, Fort Lewis, Washington
SiParadigm Inc., New Jersey
West Texas A&M University
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Texas State University, River Systems Institute
Texas Parks and Wildlife
Oklahoma State University
American Museum of Natural History
Midwestern State University
University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston
Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Argentina
Oklahoma State University
Texas Tech University
Baylor University
Smithsonian Institution
University of New Mexico
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
25
Master’s degree in Museum Science with a Natural
History specialization. Since 1997, the Museum Sci¬
ence Program has produced 13 Master’s students
whose theses specialized in mammalian studies or sys¬
tematic collections management. At least 28 students
since 1975 have utilized the Recent Mammal Collec¬
tions while obtaining a non-thesis Master’s degree in
Museum Science.
During the early years of the mammalogy pro¬
gram, the theses and dissertations produced by gradu¬
ate students primarily involved classical taxonomic,
ecological, behavioral, physiological, and reproductive
studies and employed conventional methodology (e.g.,
morphometries, allozymes). In recent years, disser¬
tation and thesis research projects typically have em¬
ployed advanced techniques and subject matters such
as molecular systematics, biological informatics and
data management, global positioning, epidemiology, and
chromosomal evolution.
Graduates from the mammalogy program at
Texas Tech University continue to benefit the science
with on-going research and education programs at uni¬
versities, museums, state and federal agencies, and
private-sector businesses around the world. Just a
few examples of the institutions employing Texas Tech
University mammalogy graduates include: Baylor Uni¬
versity, Brigham Young University, Lamar University,
Louisiana State University, Loyola University, Okla¬
homa State University, Penn State University, Purdue
University, Stanford University, Texas A&M Univer¬
sity, Texas Tech University, University of New Mexico,
Yale University, American Museum of Natural History,
U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Centers for
Disease Control, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Glaxco
Welcome Biotech, Lexicon Genetics Inc., St. Jude
Children’s Research Hospital, Therion International,
and World Wildlife Fund.
Administrators and Benefactors
A critical factor to success in academia that is
often under appreciated, or even maligned, is the uni¬
versity administration. Relative to the mammalogy
program and the NSRL at Texas Tech University, the
university administration has been a powerful and posi¬
tive force. Although the vision for the program came
from the faculty, without the support and commit¬
ment of the administration, the mammalogy program
undoubtedly would not have accomplished so much
in its relatively short history. The administrative chain
of command for the NSRL and the Museum falls out¬
side of the normal university structure, and therefore
it was often necessary to have administrative support
for our programs to be given a high priority for fund¬
ing and to facilitate growth and success.
Presidents of the university that have been sup¬
portive through many venues include Grover E.
Murray (geology); Lauro F. Cavazos (education); Rob¬
ert W. Lawless (business administration); Donald R.
Haragan (atmospheric science); and David J. Schmidly
(mammalogy). The support continues today through
President Jon S. Whitmore (theater arts). Donald R.
Haragan assisted the NSRL in the development of the
biodiversity Line Item initiative, and made it possible
for the mammalogists of the Biology Department to
collaborate among colleges to develop interdisciplinary
programs. David J. Schmidly contributed to the de¬
velopment of the new Experimental Sciences building,
the cooperative nature of which will promote more
effective use of the data in the biodiversity database.
Schmidly also provided key support to the dedication
of the Ben E. Keith donation to the expansion of the
NSRL.
Texas Tech University recently reorganized its
administrative hierarchy and created a chancellor’s
position. Both individuals who have served in that
position have had a positive impact on activities asso¬
ciated with the NSRL. Chancellor John T. Montford
was a key proponent of the biodiversity Line Item ini¬
tiative and even co-authored two papers on the inter¬
actions of bioinformatics and natural history databases.
Chancellor David R. Smith worked with Museum Di¬
rector Gary Edson and the NSRL administration to
ensure the completion of the new wing of the NSRL
building.
26
Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University
Several levels of the university administration
have supported the NSRL and its activities through the
years. J Knox Jones, Jr., as Vice President for Re¬
search and Graduate Studies, provided vision and com¬
mitment to the publication series of the Museum as
well as the construction of the original NSRL building.
John M. Burns, who served both as Chairman of the
Biology Department and Provost of the University, is
another individual who has remained committed to the
success of the mammalogy program. Burns continu¬
ally facilitated cooperative and positive interactions
between the faculty and staff of the NSRL, the gradu¬
ate and undergraduate programs in the Department of
Biology, as well as the university. Burns also was in¬
strumental in obtaining new museum cases to accom¬
modate the transfer of the University of Texas Memo¬
rial Museum mammal and bird collections to the NSRL.
Additionally, Vice President for Research Robert M.
Sweazy has been a continual source of support and
assistance in obtaining matching funds for grants and
graduate student support.
Museum Directors also have been a continual
source of support for the NSRL and its activities. Di¬
rectors of the Museum since the NSRL was estab¬
lished were Craig C. Black, Clyde Jones, and Gary F.
Edson, all of who were critical to continued growth.
The current faculty and staff of the NSRL have an
excellent working relationship with Director Gary
Edson, and he continues to be a strong advocate for
the NSRL’s growth and needs. Edson recently se¬
cured a grant from the Helen DeVitt Jones Foundation
for the purchase of new cases to accommodate the
NSRL expansion. Biology Department Chairpersons
also have been especially supportive, including John
Zak and Carl Phillips, as well as John Burns.
In addition to the faculty positions and other
sources of financial support provided by Texas Tech
University, there have been a wide variety of entities
that have provided funding for faculty, staff, and stu¬
dent salaries, equipment, fieldwork, and laboratory
research projects. In addition to the typical National
Science Foundation grants and NIH grants, other gov¬
ernment agencies such as the Department of Interior
and Department of Energy have funded aspects of the
Museum and the Department of Biology as part of
funded research by faculty. State agencies, particu¬
larly the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, also
have funded many mammal research projects by NSRL
and Biology faculty, staff, and students. The private
donations of James E. Sowell, who funded the Sowell
Expeditions to Ecuador and Honduras (2001 and 2004),
provided not only a critical component of the growth
of the collection but also supported the education of
students concerning biodiversity issues. As mentioned
previously, the Ben E. Keith Company provided funds
for the new NSRL wing, and the Helen DeVitt Jones
Foundation provided monies for the purchase of speci¬
men cases.
Conclusion
Texas Tech University has made a substantial
commitment to the continued growth of Robert L.
Packard’s vision, and in this paper we have reviewed
the 43-year history of the Mammalogy program, es¬
pecially as it relates to the Natural Science Research
Laboratory. Texas Tech University has had a substan¬
tial number of faculty and students who have been
active mammalian researchers and who have contrib¬
uted to the growth of the NSRL mammal collection to
over 100,000 specimens, resulting in thousands of
scientific publications. A source of pride for the pro¬
gram is the success of our students as mammalogists,
museum scientists, natural historians, and conserva¬
tionists. The addition of a new wing to the NSRL as a
result of the Ben E. Keith donation and continued sup¬
port from the Museum and University administration
are viewed as valuable resources to continue to build a
stronger program in Mammalogy and Museum Sci¬
ence. As there is an increase in the application of
natural history data with recombinant DNA technol¬
ogy, global positioning information and biological
informatics, the resources associated with this pro¬
gram will become more valuable to society for aes¬
thetics, economic development, as well as decisions
important to wise conservation of our natural re¬
sources. It is the goal of the Museum, the NSRL, and
the mammalogy program to provide this critical infor¬
mation to decision makers, scientists, and to society.
Bradley et al.— Mammalogy at Texas Tech University: A Historical Perspective
27
Acknowledgments and Perspectives
The authors wish to thank the following indi¬
viduals for providing assistance with this historical
account: M. E. King Black, D. C. Carter, J. B. Chavez,
R. K. Chesser, C. S. Cory, G. F. Edson, H. J. Garner,
A. S. Halter, M. L. Haynie, M. A. Jones, T. E. Lee, D.
T. Maze, R. R. Monk, R. D. Owen, C. J. Phillips, J.
Salazar-Bravo, D. J. Schmidly, S. L. Williams, and M.
R. Willig. We also would like to thank two anony¬
mous reviewers for valuable comments concerning
earlier drafts of this manuscript.
This has been an awkward paper to write be¬
cause many of the individuals profiled in this manu¬
script are also on the auther line. The benefit, how¬
ever, of having so many people involved in writing and
documenting the history of mammalogy at Texas Tech
is that comparative discussions about significant events
and the contributions of individuals have been by a
larger committee. As a whole, the authors beg for¬
giveness for any biases resulting from being “too close
to the flame.”
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Addresses of authors:
Lisa C. Bradley
Museum of Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3191
e-mail: lisa, bradleyfclttu. edu
Brian R. Amman
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
Current:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Rd., MSA-26
Atlanta, GA 30333
e-mail, bamman@cdc.gov
Joel G Brant
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail: joel.g. brant@ttu. edu
L. Rex McAliley
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail: rexmcaliley@excite. com
Francisca Mendez-Harclerode
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail : francisca. m. mendez-harclerode@ttu. edu
Williams, S. L., M. R. Willig, and F. A. Reid. 1995. Review
of the Tonatia bidens (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
complex, with descriptions of two new subspe¬
cies. Journal of Mammalogy 76:612-626.
Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (eds.). 1993. Mammal
species of the world, 2nd ed. Smithsonian Insti¬
tution Press, Washington, D.C. 1206 pp.
John R. Suchecki
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
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Current:
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Clyde Jones
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Texas Tech University
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Hugh H. Genoways
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e-mail. hgenoway>s 1 (@unl. edu
Robert J. Baker
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
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e-mail rjbaker@ttu.edu
Robert D. Bradley
Department of Biological Sciences
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail : robert. bradley(@ttu. edu
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