A marine magnetic survey south of the Hawaiian Islands: technical report

TR-137

TECHNICAL REPORT

A MARINE MAGNETIC SURVEY
SOUTH OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Geomagnetics Branch
Marine Surveys Division

SEPTEMBER 1962

U.S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Price 70 cents

ABSTRACT

A detailed shipboard magnetic survey of a 56,000 square
mile area south of the Hawaiian Islands has revealed large
magnetic lineations. The largest of these lineations extends
for more than 270 miles across the entire survey area.
These magnetic features suggest the presence of major
geologic faults in this region.

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FOREWORD

This report presents geomagnetic data obtained during a

recent geophysical and oceanographic survey in the Pacific
Ocean. Systematic geophysical investigations of the type
described here are essential for developing an accurate and

complete understanding of the geologic and crustal environ-

ment underlying the ocean basins.

6 STEP
Rear Admiral\\U. S. Navy

Commander

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INTRODUCTION...

SURVEY OPERATIONS

A. Conduct of Survey

B. Instrumentation

DATA PROCESSING .

SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSES

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

CONTENTS

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Index. Chart =i: \s: te. sc) “a, Mae tenet er neliel co) hel vat ota
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Magnetic Total Intensity Contour Chart ...
Bathymetric Contour Chart ..... . ‘ O10 0
Residual Magnetic Intensity Contour Chart . .

Computed Regional Magnetic Intensity Contour
Chart oo ver ok ie fom ie*' or ef et e) eh etre) eM 0 ee re er “s,

Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles A- A' . .
Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles B- B' ..
Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles C -C" ..
Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles D=D' ..,
Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles E- E" ..,

Magnetic and Bathymetric Profiles F - F' . .

Comparison of Bathymetric Profile Z - Z' and Profile

of Estimated Depth to Magnetic Source... .
Development Area 1 Track Chart .... . © «

Development Area 1 Magnetic Total Intensity
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Development Area 1 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 2 Track Chart . .. .o. o

Development Area 2 Magnetic Total Intensity
Cont our Chart e e @ ° ° e e e ° e e ° e e e e

Development Area 2 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 3 Track Chart ...... o

Development Area 3 Magnetic Total Intensity
(ooyneoyrrs (GNENHE G6 56 56 600000000600 0

Development Area 3 Bathymetric Contour Chart

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Development Area 4 Track Chart . . . « » « «

Development Area 4 Magnetic Total Intensity
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Development Area 4 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 5 Track Chart . . » « « & «

Development Area 5 Magnetic Total Intensity
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Development Area 5 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 6 Track Chart . . . o o e o

Development Area 6 Magnetic Total Intensity
Cont our Chart e . se e es e e e e e es es . e e e

Development Area 6 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 7 Track Chart . . . » « « «

Development Area 7 Magnetic Total Intensity
Contour Chart . ». «© o « « 0 «© © © «© © © © @ ©

Development Area 7 Bathymetric Contour Chart
Development Area 8 Track Chart . « » » » « «

Development Area 8 Magnetic Total Intensity
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Development Area 8 Bathymetric Contour Chart

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I, INTRODUCTION

In June and July 1961, a continuous profile, marine
magnetic survey was conducted south of the Hawaiian Islands,
between latitudes 17°45' and 21915' North, longitudes 158°
15' and 163°15' West. (See Index Chart, Figure 1.) This
survey was conducted by the USS REHOBOTH (AGS~50) as part
of the 0. S. Naval Oceanographic Office* Project 0-162,
Equatorial Pacific Survey. The general purpose of the
survey was to collect data relevant to the physical, chemi-
cal, and biological aspects of the ocean environment in
this area.

This report is concerned primarily with the geomag-
netics phase of the survey. Bathymetric data are included
to illustrate certain points of correlation and interpretation.
The analyses and interpretation of data presented here are
limited to the identification and description of major
features. This has been done in order to make the survey
results available to other interested investigators at the

earliest date.

*In accordance with Public Law 87-533 effective 10 July 1962,
the U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office was redesignated as the U. S.
Naval Oceanographic Office,

II. SURVEY OPERATIONS

A. Conduct of Survey

The main survey was conducted in a rectangular area cover-
ing 56,000 square miles. Survey lines were run in an east-west
direction at a spacing of five to seven miles, progressing from
south to north. (See Track Chart, Figure 2.) Eight develop-
ment surveys were conducted in locations where seamounts occur.
(See Index Chart, Figure 1.) The development~area survey lines,
in general, were from five to fifteen miles long and were run in
both north-south and east-west directions. The average ship's
speed when surveying was 12 knots. Bathymetric and magnetic
data were collected simultaneously along all survey lines.

Throughout the survey area, the ship's position was fixed
by Loran-A. The fix interval was normally 30 minutes (10 minutes
on development surveys). Fix accuracies ranged from +% mile to
+2 miles. The most accurate fixes were in the south-central part
of the area and the least accurate in the southwestern part.

B. Instrumentation

Magnetic total intensity measurements were made with a Varian
nuclear resonance magnetometer, model V-4931, modified for use
as a marine survey instrument. The sensor unit was towed approxi-
mately 500 feet astern of the ship to pedeee the effect of the
ship's magnetic field. Because of equipment design, magnetic
data were recorded as "magnetometer counts", a unit of measurement

2

inversely related to the magnetic field intensity. These
units were recorded in analog form on a strip<chart recorder
and in digital form on a digital printer. The sensitivity
of the measurements was approximately +1 gamma (1 gamma =
0.00001 oersted).

Bathymetric data were obtained with a Precision Depth

Recorder (Mk V) and an AN/UQN 1-D Sonar Sound Set.

IIL. DATA PROCESSING

The magnetic data were converted from magnetometer counts
to absolute values of total magnetic intensity in gammas. These
values were then plotted on a 1:500,000 scale survey track chart.
A magnetic total intensity contour chart was constructed from
this plot using a contour interval of 50 gammas (Figure 3). A
bathymetric contour chart (Figure 4) was also constructed on a
1:500,000 scale using a contour interval of 100 fathoms. Total
magnetic intensity and bathymetric charts were prepared in a
similar manner for each of the development areas. Because the
development-area magnetic charts were prepared independently of
the large area chart, there are some differences in the contouring.

No corrections to the magnetic data were made for temporal
variations of the magnetic field. Honolulu Magnetic Observatory
records show that the daily fluctuation rarely exceeded 25 gammas
during the survey period. No major magnetic disturbances were
noted.

To more clearly identify the trends and character of the
magnetic anomalies, a Residual Magnetic Intensity Contour Chart
was constructed (Figure 5). This residual chart was prepared
by subtracting the regional magnetic intensity values from the

observed total intensity values.

Regional intensity values were computed by averaging
the 9 observed values of total intensity at the center,
corners, and mid-points of the sides of a 60-mile square.
This average value was then plotted at the center of the
60-mile square. Regional intensity values were computed
in this manner at 10-mile intervals on a north-south,
east-west grid. These values were then contoured and
graphically smoothed to produce the Computed Regional
Magnetic Intensity Contour Chart (Figure 6).

Because bathymetric and magnetic data were collected
simultaneously, the bathymetric charts and magnetic charts
may be used for direct comparison of the data. No sound-
velocity or other corrections have been applied to the

bathymetric data.

IV. SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSES

As a result of this survey, the geomagnetic field and the
bathymetry of a 56,000 square mile area of the Pacific Ocean
have been charted in detail. The magnetic total intensity con-
tours are shown in Figure 3, and tne bathymetric contours in
Pigure 4.

The most significant of the magnetic features present is
the northeast-southwest trending anomaly extending approximately
270 miles across the entire area. This feature trends along a
very straight line having a strike of approximately North 75°
East. It varies in width from approximately 15 to 45 miles,
and it becomes more complex in its northeastern extremities.

Profiles A-A' through F-F' (Figures 7-12) were constructed
perpendicular to this northeast-southwest feature. (See Figures
3 and 4 for profile locations.) These profiles, as well as the
contour charts, show that a bathymetric feature of small relief
parallels the magnetic anomaly. This bathymetric feature be-
comes more pronounced to the southwest, where there is a maxi-
mum relief of approximately 1200 feet.

Using empirical slope techniques, estimates of the depth
to the top of the magnetic source were made on each of the con-
structed magnetic profiles. These calculations, as shown in
Figure 13, indicate a deepening of the magnetic source to the

northeast.

Other magnetic lineations present in the area may be seen
most clearly on the Residual Magnetic Intensity Contour Chart,
Figure 5. (The negative residuals on this chart have been shaded
to aid in illustrating the trends.) In the northwest corner of
the survey area, a lineation occurs with a strike parallel to
that of the major magnetic lineation. South of the major
feature, the lineated patterns are not as pronounced and occur
at angles of 35°9-45° to the main feature. Nearly all of the
large seamounts in the area are located along these southern
lineations, Strongly negative magnetic anomalies occur over
these seamounts--more negative than should be expected at this
geomagnetic inclination of 33° north.

The track charts, magnetic contour charts, and bathymetric
contour charts of the eight development survey areas are pre~
sented in Figures 14 through 37. Preliminary analysis of
magnetic data over the seamounts was performed utilizing a com-
puter program originated by Victor Vacquier of the Scripps Insti-
tution of Oceanography. With this program, estimates of the
intensity and direction of magnetic polarization of the seamounts
in development areas 1, 2, and 4 were determined. These compu-
tations have shown that the three seamounts analyzed are reversely
magnetized. Analysis of the other development areas is planned.

Examination of the magnetic and bathymetric data from this
‘survey suggests that a major geologic fault occurs along the

main magnetic lineation. The magnetic patterns north of this

lineation appear to differ from those south of the lineation.
This suggests further that the fault separates areas of dif-
ferent geologic character. The fault appears to be a strike-
slip fault. However, the direction and amount of movement
along this fault are difficult to determine.

From the contour charts, it appears probable that the
major magnetic feature extends beyond the limits of the sur-
vey area. If projected to the northeast, this lineation would
pass through the Kalohi and Pailolo channels south of the
island of Molokai. The feature is most pronounced to the west

and may extend for some distance in that direction.

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This detailed survey south of the Hawaiian Islands has
revealed extensive lineated magnetic anomalies. One of these
anomalies strikes approximately North 75° East and extends
for more than 270 miles across the entire survey area. North
of this anomaly, the magnetic lineations are parallel to it.
South of this line however, the lineated features strike at
angles of approximately 35°-45° to the major lineation. All
of the large seamounts in the survey area occur south of this
magnetic anomaly. Therefore, this anomaly may lie along a
major fault zone separating areas of different geologic
character. Estimates of the depth to the magnetic source of
this anomaly indicate the source becomes deeper to the north-

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—— a ee ee a eee ee ee - — ne nes
— Lt Pa

<>
. 4
<
r >
"3
a
1

ihe

tony ¥

LET-UL

spue[sy

jue; pemMey eyqy 30 Yynog AeAIng
SyQeusey] couyley Y :eTItL

ustJeuszey - uBedg BFF }TORg

uBz80Q9 IFFPIBW
o=[SfiAjseiiesy ‘ust JaudeW

LET-UL

spus,sy

UBypeney 2943 50 YIno0g heaing
Dyaeusey SUfseH Y sATITL

us;Jousey = UHIZIGQ IFZFPIVG

us909 IF }IRg
e=[Bfl4seitey, ‘wet Jousey

“TF

“Tt

*uoTZez sfy2 uF sinds0

auoz y{[ney tofem Be 3By2 4sa33ns yoTYA

BUOFIBAUTT BPIeUusewU [ReAeT BIep uz,

°spue[s] UBT TEMe_ 242 JO YyAnos Bee

2@[}w erenbs goQo‘9S B UF pezoNpuod atem
eXfaAings IF}9uUZeuU suzieM paTtRIeq

(LET-UL) °83TF LE
Buzpntoup ‘°d ¢y “796, *2equaqdag
‘SGNVISI NVIIVMVH FHL 10 HLN0s

AAMUNS OLLANOVW INIAVW V
SOFIIO ApyydeaZouwssg TeABN “Ss °Q

*uofT3eaz% sty} uF sinod90

auozZ 4[ney 10few Bw 4BYy, JseZ3ne yITYA

BUOFIBIUT, BPJouUseM [BeAeZ BBP sy,

*gspuBls] UBT FEMBH @43 FO YRNOG Bele

BTW atenbs 0900‘9¢ B UF pazonpuod 9108
sABAINS JFZJouUZeW autisu pet pEIeq

(LET“UL) °88TF LE
Buzpnzpouy “°d 7y °796T ‘S2equaqdag
“SONVISI NVIIVMVH ZHL dO BLOOS

AAAUNS ODILINOVW ANIUVA V
294350 otyderZ0uR209 TPABN °S "A

CET-UL

spueTsy

UeyFeney e432 JO Yanog AoAIng
oFJousey CUTIE Y :eTITL

us;Jousey = ueedQ IF }ORg

uUB9DQ ITFFIBG
e=[BTI{seItIay ‘ws TJousey

CET-uL

Spuelsy

UByT};eAsy e4y JO YyNog
DFVouUse_] VUPIe_ V

aAaIng
SOTIEL

WezTJeusey = uBs0Q IF TORY

uBs9Q IFF}IBG
on[BFijsetiay ‘watz Qausey

*uo};Zel sty UF sinds0

“TT auoz 3[nez Iofew e 4eyR YseB3ns yoTYA
BUOFIBAUT] OFJIuUseM [BeAST BIBp syz,

*SpuBl[S] UBTTEMe_ e432 JO YRZNos Bele

@[7W erenbs 900‘9¢ B UT paqonpuos ez0M

One sKaaing dfZeussuU euyiIEW pel fEqeg
(LEI-UL) "83T3 LE
28 Butpntouy “*d py *796T ‘zequaqdag

‘

SGNVISI NVIIVMVH HHL 40 HiNos
AAAUNS OLLENOVN INTUVW V¥
Ti 92FIFO IPYdergouRs2Q TBABN *Ss “4G

*‘uof8a1 sty uF sinss0

°TT auoz [Ney azaofew eB Jey. Jsas8ng yoTYA
SUOFIBOUFL DFJouseM [BeAeT BIBP s4T

*spuB[S] UBTTEMBY 243 JO YJnos Bee

aT fu eirenbs QQQ‘9G B UF peqoNnpuocd stem

= sfaAing ofJausZew aeutisw pepe zeq
(LET“UL) *83TF LE
FA Bugpnyout ‘*d 7H *796T ‘taequaqdas

‘SGNVISI NVIIVAVH 3HL dO HIN0s
AGAUNS OLLAINSVA ANINVN V
eT aFIIJO BpUderZ0OUREDQ [TPABN “Ss “A

LEL-UL

sSpue[sy
Aang

sOTIFL

Deppemey ey 50 YQnog
Spacusey] CUpIEy Y

wmsytJeusey - ueVIIg BFF }IRegG

uBa0g IFTIBg
enm[Bfijgselisay “wuspJaugey

CET-uL

apueylsy
aning

sO IIL

Deypeney 942 50 Yanog
Spacusep eUpley YW

wstjousey = uBs0g IZFTIBG

UBs00 ITF }IRG
e=[Bfijseiiey ‘wazJausey

“TE

“Tt

°“y

°t

“yt

*uo;SeazX BFYA UF sinods0

auoz 4[Ney Iofem Bw 3ey42 Jsaz3ng. yoTYA

SUOFIBIUT, WB}FJeusew [Bere BIep ayy,

*spUB[S] UBTTEKeg 242 JO YAnos Bee

@[}m etenbs goQ0'9S B UF pazonpuod stem
sfeAing IF,auZew vsuzieu peTTRIeq

(LET-UL) °S3TE LE
Sutpnyoup “-d 7g °7961 *zequezdag
“SQNVISI NVIIVMVH HL JO HLO03

AAAUNS OLLANOVH INTUWA V
@dFIFIO IpydesZouws2Q TeABN °S “A

*uof8e2% sty} uF sinsIv0

auoz 3[Ney 1ofew Bw Jey Jse3Bns YyoTYH

BUOFIBAUT[ IFJouUsZeM [BeAeZ BIBp ayy,

°*gpuBl[s] UBT FeEMBy ey FO YInos Beis

@T}W azenbs 000‘9¢ B UF pezonpuosd 210%
shahing IF3euZeu autisw pelt pe.eg

(LET“UL) °83TF LE
Buppnyouy “°d ¢y "796 “equeqdeg
‘SQNVISI NVILVMVH 4HL JO BLOOS

ZAAUNS OLLINOVW ANTUVA V
204330 VZUdeaZouBedg [BARN °g °fA

LET-UL

spue[sy
aAang

*OTIFL

UeyTyeaey ey JO Yqnog
DP oude_] CUTIE Vy

musftIeusey = uBedQ IFF}OR™

uB9s09 ST}ToRG
e=[BJi{seitay ‘Susp JeuIsey

CeT-uL

; Spuelsy

UB}; _EABY 242 JO YINog AeAIng
QpIouseW VUFIeW YF eTIFL

wsfTJeusey =< uBs0Q WTF TORG

uBss9Q9 IFF};IBg
e=[Bfijseitay ‘wapJeausey

“TT

“st

*Z

*uoysel sty} UF sindsz0

euoz 4[Ney Iofem e 4eyZ JseB33ns yoTYyA

BUOFIBOUT, I}FZsuseM [BeAST BIBp suz,

*spuBlsS] UBTTeney ey FO Y3Znos Bele

STFU eaenbs 990°9¢ # UF paqonpuos |zaKM
sXhaaings Ifjsusew eutimM peTfeqegq

(LEI-UL) *83}3 LE

Buzpnpouy “*d ¢y *Z96T ‘zequezdag

‘SGNVISI NVIIVMVH SHL iO HLQ0s
AAAUNS OLLENOVN ANTYVW ¥

307350 IFYdeagouRs0g [BABY “5 °A

*uof3ai sty} uf sinoso0

auoz [Ney azofew ew Jey. Jsas3ng yoTYA

SUOFIJBOUF]T BDFJoussu TBeAeT BBP sur

*spuB[S] UBTTEMeA 242 JO YyNos Bere

ST qu etenbs 000‘9¢ B UF peqIonpLcod 319M
sKaaing IfJeusZew euzisw pepytejeq

(LET"UL) *S3FF LE
Buypnyout “*d (7 "Z96T ‘requaqdes
‘SQNVISI NVIIVMVH SHI JO HILOOS

AAUNS ODILSINSVN AJNINVN V
B°0FIIO BFUderZ0uvs2g [BABN “Ss “A

as ae