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^'^iiannerof Dif-
/In- Grafs. Alfothe
Things never before
ien-Bali in Duck-Lane j An4
.nd M. JTowow at the
Price 4'.
o.
MJRK,HJM\
Mafter- Piece :
CONTAINING
All Kiio\vled'j;e belonti;-
Iilg fO Smith, F.trrier, or
Horfe.Leach ; touching rlie
Curing of all Dlleafes in
HORSES.
SDItiDelJ into ttuoBool^jS :
The Ftrjl co7tta!n!ng all Curef
Phyfical.
The Seand, AU belonging to
Chirurgery.
The 19th Impreflion Correfted
and Enlarged by the Authat ,
Gervase Markham.
To rvhich is now added,
The Country-mansCare
for Curing Dlfeafes in
SmaJIer Cattle, Alfo the
Coinfleat Jockey^ Sec.
^ lannerof Dif-
/or Grafs. Alfo the
Things never before
'^^^^^S<ien-Ball in Duck-Lane j An^
.ind M. JVottort at the
Price 4/.
■'an
Admonition to the R E ADER.
IN this Impreflion , all tliofe Medicines , which of my own
Knowledge I have found to be certain and moft approved,
Ihave in the Margin, and over-againft the Medicine, placed this
Mar'k^O'- And a Ifo to every new Adition and new Chapter (never
before publiihed •, 1 have, in, the beginning of this Chapter) placed this
Mark. Ar.d for thy fuller Information, I have alfo in the Table to all the
new Editions, which are the very Exellencies of all my Knowledge, pla-
ced this Mark alfo ,^^. As for the many Books that have been foifted
into the World in my ISlame, I own none but this and one other.
I can givethg Reader no better Reafon to perl\vade him to read
my Book, than to fhew him the real Ufe of Horfes, well managed accor-
ding to the true Rules of Horleman-ihip, that this excellent Beaft may
not perifli or mifcarry for want of knowing his natural Difeafes, and Cure
thereof I have now made the Soldier, and all others Matters of Art in
the Cure of their Horfes, if Farriers be wanting to Confult with. It is
alfo a Knowledge fit for a Gentleman, both in Pea<;e and War, to be able
to cure the Difeafes infident to Horfes. I have been 50 Years a Pra-
ftitioner ^ and did never think to have, difclofed thefe Secrets that 1 now
have done : But Old-Age growing upon me, and confidering that the
Grave will be never a whit the better ^ 1 thought it more proper to di-
vulge them to the World than that they fhould be buried in Oblivion :
So defiring the Reader to give God the Glory, and me but only Thanks
and good Wifhes. I reft thine, G. M a r k h a m.
To Farriers J Hushandmen, and all that delight in Horfes And other Cattle.
Sirs Let me affure you that there is newnefs of Birth, and approved
Experience,which to this Day has not been dilcovered by any other,andiit
is the Prafticeand Experi-nce of above 50 Years : The many ImpreiTions
ihews the good and kind Reception it^has found,and I fay of it, that it will
not be counted Oftentation,to affirm it the only Book that is Extant of this
Kind: In the 19th Edition are fome Additions, and an Alphabetical
Table, which I was defired to add to this ImpreiTion, yours, G. Markhant-
j^uthors. The hefl of Furriers made vf^ ef in this Work.
Xenophon, Rufticus, Vigelius, Peiagonis, Camerarius, Apolonius, Gef-
fou, Gulli, Horatio, Gloria, de Coballi, Liball, Stevens,Wicher, laBorone,
Martin, Sen. Albetero, Vinet, Clifford, Maftal Martin, Jun. Webb, Dali-
doun,, Ausborn, Stanly^ Smith, Dowfmg, Day*, Barns, Mayfield, Lupman^
Goodfon, Parfucy, Whate, and others. .
A Table of the Firft Book, containing all C U R E S Phyfical.
Actions or Operations whereto they
belong,
; 9
P- 39
6<.
p. 57
p. 66
ibid,
p. 88
p. 90
P- 93
Apoplexy, or Palfey,
Anticor, or Heart Sicknefs,
B
Broken-Winded or Purfick,
Breaft Pain,
Belly-Ach,
Belly-Bound or CoftivCj
Bloody-Flux,
Bots Truncheons, or Worms,
Bladder Difeafes and Urine,
C
Gompofition of Horfes Bodies, p. 1
Con^plexion . ?• ^3
Cramps or Convulfions of Sinews, p. 40
Gold, or Pafe in the Head, p. 42
Cold Pofe,or Raatjlingtotake away, p.43
Cold or Pofe^ the-beft of all Medicines,
ihid.
Cough, T' $^
Cough inward or wet, f- 52
Cough dry, P- 53
Cough, Medicines for any Cold or Dry
Cough, or Shortnefs of Breath, p. 5 5
Confumption, or Dry Malady^ p. 69
Confumption of the Flefh^ p. 70
Cafting out of the Horfes Drink, p. 72
Confumption of the Liver, p. 78
Cholick, or. Gut Difeafes, p» 8 5
Colt-Evil, p' 91
Confikmptlon, Peftilent in Mares^e ?• 100
D
Dropfie, or Evil Habit of Body, p. 83
Di-enches General^ and Medicines for
all inward Difeafes, p- 1 1 3
Diapente to make, p- 114
E
Elements Four, their Virtue and Ope-
rations, , p- I
Bxcrements, and Urine of a Horfe,
Fevers in General, their divers kinds,
p. i3
Fever, Quotidian, or every Day, to
Cure, p. 25
Fevers Tertian, to Cure, ^bih*
Fevers Quartan, p« 25
Fever Continual, »^'^»
Fever He£lick, ?♦ 27
Fever in Autumn, ibid.
Fever in Summer, ?• 28
Fever in Winter, i^^*^*
Fever by Surfeit of Meat only, p* 29
Fevers extraordinary ,and Peftilent, ihidi
Fevers accidental, p* 3*
Fevers, and SickneiTes of all Sorts, ,a
certain approved Cule, ihid.
Frenzy, and Maddnefs, 33
Falling- Evil, p- 37
Foundering in the Body? p«' 73
Fundament Falling, p- '^9
Fridions and Bathes, p. Ii2
G
Gall Difeafes, p- 79
Glanders, p- 45
Glanders of all Sorts to Cure infalli^
bly, p- 48
Glanders, High R.unning> an infallible
Cure, H p- 51-'
Horfes Head Difeafes,!^ p. 32
Head-ach, or Pain, p* 33
Horfe Lean, how to Fatten, p. 71*
Horfes Tired, p* ^^
Humours in HorfeSj^and to what End
they ferve, p* '^=
Hide-bound, ?• 44
Hungry-Evil, or Greedy-Worm, p. 75
Heart-Sick, p- ^^
Horfe-Leaches,DrinkingtoCure,p. 102
Hens-duDgiOr any Venomous thing, ihid^.
Jaundice or Yellowsj , p«~ 8 1 -
— iLethargy, ,
A Table of the Firft Book, &c.
Lethargy, or Sleeping-Evil, p. 34
Lungs llotten,Broken,or Frettized, p. ^6
Lungs Rotten, p' $6
Liver Difeafes, and Inflammations, /?. 75
Liver Obftruftions, Stoppings and hard
Knobs, p. q6
Liver Confumption, p« 78
Lax, or Scouring, p. 87
M
Members of Horfes,their feveralKinds,7
Mourning of the Chine, p. 5 1
Mirror and Mailer of all Medicines, p.6^
Mares Difeafes, incident to them, and
Barrenefs of the Womb,
Mares Rage of Love,
Mares which caft their Foals,
Mares hard of Foaling,
Mares to make caft their Foals,
N
Not Natural, Six Things in Horfes,
their Profit and Hurt, p. 1 1
Night-Mare, p. 38
Notes to be obferved in buying of a
p. 100
ibid.
p. 1 01
ibid.
102
P-
Horfe,
Neezing or Fumigation,
O
Obfervations in Phyiicking of
121
tii
Horfes
p. 19
Oil of Oats, to make, p- ^ ^ 5
Obfervations on Horle's, and Mares of
all Country's, p. 119, 1 20
P
Powers of Horfe's Bodys, and how they
are Governed, p. 8
Plague and Peftilence in Horles, f. 30
Pain in a Horfes Kidneys, p' 39
PiiHng in Pain, j>, p^.
Filling furpreft, or Stone, i\jid.
Pining Blood, p, 96
Purging Medicines in General p, 103
Purgations, and their Ufe v. ^o($
Receipt, Famous for lingular Drencli,
an Ointment, p. 114
Rules to be obferved for the right ord^r^-
ing of Horfes and Mares, and to keep
them in Health, p. 116
Rules to gather Simples for Ufe, p. 1 22
S
Spirits in Horle's, and what Part of the
Body they remain in, ^.10
SickneiTes inward, tljeir Caules, and Se-
veral Kinds, ;: : , f- 1$
Signs of Sicknels,and ofjjwhat Nature ic
confifteth, p. 16
Shrow-running, or being taken, p. 34
Staggers, p. 36
Shortnefs of Breath, or Purlinels, p. 5 5
Stomach Dileafes, f • 7 1
Surfeit with glut of Provender, f • 72
Spleen, and all Difeafes incident to it,
p. 80
Seed Shedding, p. 98
Scouring for any Horle, an excellent
Way,elpecially for Running or Hunt-
ing-Horfes, p: no
T
Temperaments, their Kind, and how far
they to Extend in Horfes, p. 4
Y
Yard Mattering, p. 99
Yard Falling, p. 98
A Table of the Second Book, containing all manner of C ^ R e s Chirurgkal.
Attaint Nether, ihic'»
Attaint on the He^l, ibid,
Ambury,p 258 Arrow-hurts, p. 262
Approved Ways to prcferve Horfes from ti-
ring, P- 297
Approved
A Difcription well-ihapen Horie,> 125
Anatomy of a ins, />. ,128
Anatomy of Sinews, p, 131
Anatomy of all the Bones, p. 133
Attaint Upper, p. zoi
Ltmmmatmtimtmm
A Table of the Second Book^ d^r.
Approved Way to make a Horfe follow his
Mifter, ^ p. 298
An Alphabetical Account of all the Simples
in the WorJc, thid.
As alfo the Principles, Nature, Ule and Pro-
perty of them, p. 312
An Account of the Weights andMeafureSj/W.
An Account of the Farriers Inftrumsnts and
Ufe,with their Names and Properties^/). 3 1 5
B
Blindnels that's defperate, an approved Me-
dicine for any Blindnefs, /;. I41
Blood-Rifts, or Chops in the Palate, p. 156
Barbes, or Paps, p- 160
Blood to Staunch, p- 164
Burfting, or Rupture,. p. 177
Botch in the Groin, p. 178
Botch in the Groin to Cure, ihib.
Bone- Spa ven. />• 207
Bone-Spavenwet,or thorough Spa ven, p. 209
Blood-Spa ven, a Medicine to Cure, p- 210
Brufings, />. 326
Blifters, p. 268
Bones of all Sorts to take away, p. 268
Burning with Lime, P' ^7'^
Biting of Mad Dogs, p- 272
Biting or Stinging of Serpents, p. ibid.
Bones broken, p. 273
Bones out of Joint, P- 2.75
Burning Compofitions, p. 279
V_<i .
Canker, P- 138
Crick in the Neck, P- '^7^
Creft-falling, and to Raife it, p. 164
Cods-fwelling, p. 175 ToCure, /?. 176
Curb, p. 212
Cafting in a Halter, p. 222.
Grown-fcab, p.- 227. Qoying, p. 254
Canker in the Body, p. 253
Canker in the Withers, p. ijz
Cords, p. 289
Conglutinate, or Join together, any inward
Rupture, or Burftenelsy p. 278
Garterizing, p. 298. Carterizing A^uai^ihid.
Catcrize by Medicine, p. 301
Curtails to mak«, p, 306
Eye Dileafes,
Eye Blood-Oiot,
M^^ Pcarlj Pin, or Webj
138
139
141
Eye Haw in a Horle, p. 143
Eye Moon, or Lunatick, p. 144
Eye Canker, p. 145. Eye Stripe, p.iifid.
Eye Watt, p. 146. Eye Inflammation,^^.
Ear an Impofthume, p. 147
Enterferng, ;,. 221
F
Foundring in the Feet, p. 191
Falfe Quarters, p. 203
Foot to draw out Stub, Thorn or Iron o
of the Foot,/?. 232 Fig, ibid.
Feet Obfervations for them, p. 235
Frufh Running or Rotten, /. 240
A Certain Cure, ]>. 241
Foot-fore to Skin, p. 244. Farcy, p. 246
Fiftulj
p. 254.
p. 25s
p. 267
p, 269
156
17"?
P
p. .,
p. zig
Fiftiila to Cure of any Sort,
Fretting in the Belly,
Flefh Superfluous, to takeaway,
G
Gigs or Bladder in the Mouth,
Gaull'd-back or Withers,
Gravelling,
H
Heatin the Mouth, p. 159
Hair Shedding, p. i6y
Horfe's Halting,to know the Reafon, p. 182
Horfe's Halting before, p- 183
Horfe's Halting behind, /j. 184
Hipthurts, p. 204
Hough Bonny, p, 211
Halting, to help of any Sort, p. 219
Hurt on the Coronet, 227
Hart on tliQ Cronet,to Cure of any Sort, ibid.
Hoofloofing, p. 2J7. Hoof-calting,/).23S
Hoofbound, p. 239
Hoof Evil, p. 241. Hoof Brittle, ibid.
Hoofs to preferve, p. 242
Hoofs Hurt,/?* 243. Hoofs to foften, ibid.
Hoofs to harden, ibid.
Hurts by a Boars Tusk, p. 272
Horles to (ave fromrS tinging of Flies, p, 275
Humours to Dry up, p. 275
Humours to DiiTolve, p, 277
Hardnefs of any Sort, to molifie, p. 278
Harden any Softnefs, ibid»
Hurts all of Manner of Sorts, ibid.
Horfes or Colts to Geld, 3 04 ^
Hair to make Grow verylbon^ . p/ 293
Hair to make Smooth^ iSid.
■"■" " mki-
A Table of the Second Book, &c.
Hair to take Off, p. 294
Horfe to Throw, ibid.
Horfe Old, to make feem Young, p. ^07
Horfe's Age to know, ibid.
Horie make not to Neigh, ibid.
Horfe to Quicken, ibid.
Horfe that Tires, to make go, 291
I
Impofthumes, p. 265
Impofthumes old, p.i66. !Impofl:. hot, ibid.
Incording Burfting, or the Rupture in Hor-
fes, K p. 177
Knots or Joint, hardnefs, C7"C. p. 270
L
Lave Ears, p. 150
pampas, p. 175
Legs before, fwelling, p. 176
Legs furded, or fwollen, p. 244
Legs furded, or fweli'd, an infallible Cure,
p. 245
Lice and other Vermin, to kill, p. 273
M
Manginefs of the Mare, p. 166
Manginefs of theTail, p. 179
Manginefs over the whole Body, ibid.
Mange, or Leprofie, the Worfe that can
happen, 2 Receipts, p. 182
Mellander to take away, p. 199
Mellet on the Heel, 20;
Mules or Kib'd-Heels, P« 215
Malt-Long, p. 243
Moifture, Superfluous, a Plainer, p. 276
Mundifie and Cleanfe any Sore, p. 278
Medicines, Repercuilive, ibid.
Nofe Bleeding, N P- t$$
Naval Gall, p. 1 37
Pole-Evil,/?. 147. An approved Cure,*. 149
Pimples or Warts in the Palate, call d Ca-
mery or Frounce, p. 175
Pains, p. 21?
Paftern ' Joint-ftrained, p. 218
Prickle in the Sole of the Foot, p. 280
Powder of Honey aad Lime to make,
Q:
Quitter-Bone, p. 228
^ R
Ringbone, p. 225. Rctrait, p. 233.
Rowelling of Horfes, p. 302
Sorrances, what they are, P* ^37
Strangle or Inflammation, p. 155
Swelling in the Neck after Bleeding, p. 163
Stickfaft, fitfaft, Horns or Bones growing
under the Saddle, p. 175
Swaying in the Back, p. 144
Shoulder Grief, to know, p. 185
Shoulder Wrench, p. 187
Shoulder Plating, p. 188
Shoulder Pight, ^ p. 189
Shoulder Pain, that is deTperate, _p, 190
Solent on the infide of the Knee, p. 196
Splent to take away, p. 198
Screw, p. 199
Sinew-train, an approved Medicine, p. 202
Stiffling, p. 205
Strain, or Swelling, four Medicines to
Cure any, p. 221
Sellender, p. 211' Shackle-Gall, p. 222
Scratches, Crepanches or Rats-Tails, p. 223
Scratches to Cure, p. 225
Surbaiting, p. 230
Spur-galling, 260 String-halt, p. 259
Sinews that are cut, p. 267
Swelling of any fort. Plaifter to dry up, p.276
Star White to make, p. 290
Star Black to make, 292
Star Red to make, ibid.
T
Tongue Hurt, p. 159- Teeth Pain, p, 160
Tetter, V p. 266
Vives or hard Kernels, p. 1 50
VivestoCure, P- ^52
Ulcer in the Nofe, p. 154
Ulcer,or old Sore ofanySortto c«r€,p. 262
Ulcer, ony old one, a certain Cure, p. 263
Veins, the order of taking them, p. 280
•W
Wolfs-Teeth, p. 160
Wens in the Neck, p. 163
Withers Pain, P- 167
Withers Canker, p. 172
Wens ,or Knobs about the Saddle Place,p. 1 73
Weaknefles in the Back, p. 175
Wrench in the Neather Joint, p. 188
Wind-Gall, p. 116
Wounds in General, p. 160
Wounds made with Gun-powder to Cure*
p. 170
Lib. I.
MARKHAMs Mafter-piece.
The FIRST BOOK.
Containing all Cures Phyfical, or fuch Infirmities^ as
being inward, crave the Adminiftration of Phyfick, and
are called in Horfe -Leach-Craft, Horfe-Sickneffes.
Chap. I.
Of the Natural Com^ojitlon of Horfes Bodies.
Ouching the true Compofition of n Horfe's Body, you
fliall underftand, that it is (as the Body of Man) com-
pounded of Thirteen feveral Things, that is to fay, Se-
ven Natural, and Six not Natural : The Seven Natural
are Elements, Temperaments , Humours, Aiembers, Toxoers^
or Virtues, Ail ions, or Operations, and Spirits \ all which be
called Natural, becaufe the natural Per fe£lion and Excellency of every
lenfiblc Body doth wholly depend upon them : And hath his moving no
longer than they have power of Working. The Six, which are not Na-
tural, be the Air, A-feat, and Drink, Aiaion, and Refi, Sleep and iVatchy
Emptinefs and Fulnefs, and the AjfeBs, or Motions of the Mind ^ and tliefe
are called not Natural, becaufe as (being rightly and in due order ap*
plied) they preferve, fuftain, and fortify the Body ^ fo being mifgoveni-
ed, or ufed in any excefs, or difbrder, they are the only corrupt ciertroy-
ers of the whole Body : And of thefe Thirteen Principles whicii com-
pound the Fabrick, or whole Frame of the Body, I intend to Ipeak
fever ally.
Chap. II. Of the Four Elements, their Virtues and Operations.
FIrft, For the Expofition of the Word Element, you fliall underfland
that it is the primary or firft beginning of all Things, being of it-
fe If pure, uncorrupt and fimple ; all things being firft made thereof, and
all things at laft being defolved into the llime again. It is alfo in its own
Nature fo bright, clear, and without contradion of Impurity, that it is
B not
Of Cures PhyfkaJ, Lib. I,
not able to be difcerned by any fenfible Eye whatfoever. l.aftly, it Is
the laft part of Atomy or that thing which is made or proceedeth from
it.
Now of thefe Elements which are the ufual firft Movers, or beginners
of all moving things, there are only four in Number, that is to fay, Fire,
Air^ Water, and Earth ^ meaning not that Fire, Air^ Water, and Earth,
which is here vifible with us beneath, and which through the groifnefs
thereof is both palpable and to be difcerned •, but thofe which are a-
mounted aloft, and through their Purity invifible and concealed from
us, (for the other are compounded Bodies, and not fimple.) And of thefe
perfe^^ and diftinu; Elements you iliall know that the Fire is the higheft,
as being fixed or joyned next unto the Moon, being hot and dry, yet jia-
turally exceeding, or being mofi: predominant, or ruling in Heat.
The Air is placed next unto Fire, and is naturally light and hot ^ yet
his predominant or chief Qjaality is moift.
TheVVaterh'pyc-ed. unto the Air, the difpofit ion thereof being heavy
and moift: but his Predominant or chief Quality only cold.
Laftly, The H^rf/j adjoyned to the Water, is the low ell: •, anditismofi
heavy and cold ^ but the Predominant or chief Quality thereof is only
drineis- ,, , ^
Now for theV iitues, Properties, and Operations of .thefe four- Ele-
ments, you fliall uiiderfland, that firft the KV^, by means of his {ieat,
movcth Tvlatter to Generation, ^vA fiirreth up Warmth, in all living
Things-, it is that which the Phylolbphers call //^ftTo^^??^^, vv'hich is in
the mixt Bodies to feparate things of divers Rinds one fi'om another,
and alfo to joyn things of like Kinds together, whicli they .likewiie call
Homogcnea. For by Virtue of the Fire, the Bones of tlorfes are fepa-
rated from the Fiefh, the Fleili from the Sinews, the Sinews from the
Veins, the Veins from the Arteries, the Heart from the Liver, tlie Liver
from the Spleen, and fo forth in fuch fort as we fee the divers Parts of
the Fuel we bum, by the Virtue of the Fire and Heat to be feparated,
and divided omt from another ^ as the Vapour from the Smoak, the Smoak
from the Flame, and the Flame from the Aihes, as In thefe thirigs, fo in
many other things, as in the Tryal of Metals and fuch like, where the
Fire by Virtue of the Heat leparateth the Body from Body, that is.
Metal from Metal, and Corruption from Incorruption, gathering and
knitting together every thing of one and the fe if fame kind. Befide?
the virtue of the Fire, is to ripen, order and digefr things raw and undi-
gefted, mingling the dry with the moift, and opening the Fores, that the
Air being fomewhat more Iblid and grois, may enter into the Body : And
lafllv, it breaketh and moderateth the coldnefs o^ the Water and the
Earth, fo that it may not diftemper or confound the Body.
Touch-
Lib. L ^f Cures Phyfical,
Touching the Virtue and Operation of the Air, you fhall underftand,
that by the moiftnefs thereof it maketh the matter apt to receive a Shape,
either natural or accidental, and by the Help and Ailiftance of the Fire,
bringeth the Powers and Influences oi' the Heaven and Stars into infe-
riour Bodies, making the mixt Bodies not only fubtle and penetrable^
but alfo light and mounting, to the end they may neither be too grofs,
nor too heavy. Secondly, TThe Air through his moiftnefs cooleth ^e
burning heat of the Heart, Liver, and hitraiis as we daily fee by the
Office of the Lights and Lungs, which like a pair of BeWows draweth
unceffantly frefh Air unto the Heart and inward Members. And altho'
the Air doth not feem to the fenfe of the outward Eyes, to be any
thing near fo moift as the Water, yet according to the Opinions both of
our Books and beil Phyiicians, it is by much the moifter, which is well
proved (fay they) by the abundant Flux it containeth, which Flux fpread-
eth it felf fo far abroad in the Body, that it fiUeth every empty Part
and Corner thereof v/ith the fpecial Properties aijd Charafters of moift-
nefs, and by that Reafon, is much harder to be kept within his own
Bounds than the Water is. L,aftly, as the Water was altered by God
from his iirft natural Place, for the better profit both of Man andBeaft •,
even (b the Air, according to School-men's Opinions, was not left altoge-
ther in his /irft natural Difpofition, left being over-moift it fliould fo con-
found and fuffocate all Senfe, that neither Man nor Beaft ihould be able
to breath or live.
Now for the Virtue and Operation of the W^ater, it is to be noted,
that through the coldnefs thereof, it conglutinateth and bindeth in mixt
Bodies, both Parts and Members together, which be of divers kinds ^ as
Bones with Fleih and Sinews, Fleih with Sinews and Bones, and Si-
news with Bones and Flelli. Even as for a familiar Example, we fee in
the time of any great Froft, the ftrength of the cold how it bindeth
things of divers kinds together, bringing into one Mafs or Subftance, both
Water, Dirt, Stones, Straws, Sticks and Leaves: The Water alfo with
its Coldnefs, doth temper and cool the Inflammation and Heat of the
Fire, gathering together thofe things, which otherwife the violent Heat
would difperfe and fcatter abroad.
Laftly, For the Virtue and Operation of the Earth, it is through his
drinefs in mixt Bodies, foto harden and fix them together, that they
may retain their Shapes, which otherwife by the Power of the Air and
Water, would be fo Soluble and Loofe, that they could not hold toge-
ther •, as we may fee in Pafte, Wax, and fuch like, which whilft it is
moift, will receive no Print, but being once hardned, it retaineth any
Form that is preft into it. And here is to be noted, that according to
the Opinion of HypocrateSj when any fenfible Body dieth not only every
quality, but every fubftance, and part makes its return to the Element
B 2 from
Of Cure 5^ Phyfical, Lib. L
from whence it came h as Heat to the Fire, Moiftnefs to the Air, Cold-
nefs to the Water, and Drinefs to the Earth. And thus briefly you.
fee that of thefe Four common Elements, or common Beginners of
Things •, the Fire being hot, feparateth ^ the Air being moift, iha-
peth^ the Water being cold, bindeth-, and the Earth being dry, hard-
neth and retaineth. The ufe that you are to make of this Knowledge,
over and befides the Compofition of a natural Body, is, that when you
find any Sicknefs, or Infirmity, which proceedeth from the Fire as-
Inflammations of the Body, or fuch like, that then you apply Simples of
the Nature of the Air or Water, which may moiften. and cool the vio-
Jence of the Heat. If the Infirmity proceed from the Air, as Flux of
Blood, or too much moifture, then you ihall apply Simples of the Kature
of the Fire or Earth, whole heat and drinefs may difperfe and harden
fuch moifture. If the Difeafe fpring from the Water, as Colds, Rheums,
Apoplexies, and fuch like ^ then you fiiall feek Simples of the nature of
the Fire and Air ^ that through the heat of the one, and the moift light-
nefs of the other, all fuch cold, grofs and folid humours may be dilper-
led. But if the Difeale proceed from the Earth, as Mangir.els and Le-
profie, or their like, that are dry and hardned InfciH: ions, then you iliujl
leek Simples of the nature of the Fire only, whofe heat may diifolve and.
loofen thofe ill knit, dry, and hard Humours.
Thus you fee, too much heat is abated by coldnefs and moiftnefs,
too much moiftnefs by heat and drinefs^ too much coldnefs by heat and
moiftnefs \ too much drinefs by heat only.
Thus much of thefe Four common Elements, which begin all thiiigs
living and unliving, fenfible and unfenfible j yet of fenfibie. things, which
liveand have Blood, there be other more near Elements, or beginningSj
which are called proper Elements, or Generation ^ as the ingendring
Seed, and menftrual Blood, from whence every Beaft taketh his firft
ihape and beginning ; and yet thofe proper beginnings have their whole
dependency and hanging upon the. Qualities of the firft common beginn-
ings already fpoken of, which is moift, dry, hot and cold, for without
them they are nothing, nor can do any thing.
C H A H. III. Of Temperaments, and their feverd Kinds, and how far every
way they extend in Horfes.
THefe Temperaments, or Temperatures, which are the fecond thing in
a Horfe's Compofition, do Ipring from the Commixture of the
four Elements, and are nine in Number, whereof eight are unequal, and
the ninth is equal. Of the eight unequal, four are fimple, and thofe
be hot, cold, moift, and dry, which Phyficians call the firft Qualities ^
and of thefe, the firft two be aftive, and the other two pafiSve : The
jDthei- four are compound, and they be hot and moiftj hot and dry, cold
and
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical,
and moift, cold and dry. Now the equal Temperament is divided into
two, an Univerfal and a Special. The equal Tem^erarnent Vrnverfid^ is
when the four Elements are in an equal proportion, generally divided,
through the whole Body, Nature enjoying no more from the one than
from the other. The equal Temperament Efpecial, is when the Elements
are proportioned according as every kind doth moft properly require^
be it either Plant or Beaft : In Plants, when every Plant hath that com-
mixture of Elements, which are proper to its kind, th^ Iiot Plant be-
ing hot, the cold being cold, c^c. Whereas contrariwife, to have a hot
Plant cold, or a cold hot, to have Rue cold, or Sorrel hot, were a fiHe
and unequal commixture of Elements. So likewile Beafts;, that Horle,
that Dog, that Swine is faid to have his due Temperament^ when he is of
fuch temperature as is moft proper unto his kind, which is beft dif-
cerned by his A£lions or Motions. As thus, the Horfe is known to be htrt
and moiil by his lightnefs, fwiitnels, valiantnefs and long Life, and alfb
to be of a temperate Nature, in that he is eafily tamed, docible, obe-
dient and familiar with the Man. And lb long as either Horfe, or any
other thing, continueth in the Mediocrity and Ex-cellency of his proper
Temperament, fo long we may truly judge him of a good Temper
and Difpofition ^ but if there be any overflow of Qualities, or excels in
his Humours, as either heat, coldnefs, moiil:nefs or drinels, then we
fay, heiseither a hotCholerick Horfe, a cold Dull Horfe, a dry Mif-
chievous Horfe ^ or a moft cowardly Horfe, according to the overflow of
that Quality which reigneth in him.
Again, every Horfe is faid to have his Temperaments-, according to his
Age and the Country wherein he is bred, and ' Ibmetimes according to the
time of the Year wherein he liveth. And thus a Horfe in his foal Age,'
which is till he be fix Years old, is naturally hot and moift ; in his mid-
dle, which is till twelve, more hot and dry than moift ^ and in his old
Age ^ which is paft eighteen, more cold and dry, than either hot or
moift. So likewife, the Horfes which are bred in Southern Parts, as
either in Spain, Barhary, or Greece, are naturally more hot than thole
which are bred either in the feventeen Lands, Gertnany or England -^ nei-
ther is there any Horfe, which is in good ftate of Body, that is lb hot
in the Spring-time of the Year, as in the Summer, nor fo cold in the
Sufnmer, as the Winter. All which Oblervations are with moft curi-
ous diligence to be obferved of every Horfe-leach, when he gooth about
to cure any Sicknefs : For unlefs he confiders their Natures and Tem-
peratures, and every other Circumftance already declared, he ihall right-
foon be deceived in the Adminiftration of his Phyfick. Therefore, I
earneftly defire every Farrier, before he give any Drench or Potion,
firft^ to enquire the Kind, Race, and Difpofitlon of the Horfe, next his
Age, the Country^ and laftly, the time of the Year : And fo accord-
ing to the truth thereof, to mix his Receipts. It
Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I.
It is moft expedient alio, for every Horfe-leach to confider the fe-
cond Qualities, which are lb called, becaule they take their beginnings
from the firft Qualities already declared, of which fecond Qualities
fome are called palpable, or to be touched, as thefe, foftnefs, hardnefs,
finoothnefs, roughnefs, thicknefs, bricklenefs, heavinefs, thinnels, fmall-
nefs, groffnefs, and fach other like. Some again are not palpable, as
thoie which appertain to hearing, feeing, and fmelling, as noifes,colours,
odours, and fuch like j and by obferving well the fecond Qualities, he
iliall with much eafe know whether the Horfe bedifpofedto any Sick-
nefs or not, as fliall be more largely declared hereafter in every particu-
lar Chapter.
Chap. IV. Of Humours^ and to what end they ferve.
NO W concerning Humours^ which are the third Compofers of a
//o^/fjBody, and fo likewife of every other Beaft alio ^ you fhall
underfiand that they are four in Kumber, that is to fay, Blood, Phlegm,
Choler, and Aielancholy. As touching Blood, it is in its Kature uncorrupted,
and therefore hot and moift, and fweet in tafte ;, participating of the
Elements Water and Air : Cholcr is hot and dry, and bitter in tafte, as
participating of the Elements Fire and Earth: MeUmholly is cold mid
dry, and in tafte fowre and heavy, as participating- of the Elements Fire
and Air : Phlegm is cold and moift, and either fveet, or wollowifn with-
out any tafte at all, as participating of the Elemerits Water and Earth:
So that thefe four Humours by their Qualities, are every way allied
unto the Elem.ents. For to Ipeak briefly, and according to the manner
of Phyficians, Blood is of .the nature of the Air, it being moft predomi-
nant therein ^ Phlegm of the nature of the Water, d?c/fr of the nature of
Fire, and Mdancholly of the nature of the Earth. And albeit thefe Hu-
mours are fymbolized or mixt through every part of the Body, yet every
one of them aboundeth more in one part than in another, and have their
places of Reiidence, abfolute ajid particular to themfelves •, as Blood a-
bout the Heart -^ Phlegm m the Brain ; Choler in the Liver ;, and MelwchoUy
in. the Sfleen. Kow as thefe Humours do more or lefs abound, or. have
greater or lelfer Soveraignty in the Horfe, fo is the Beaft naturally better
or worie coloured, qualiiied, or difpofed : As thus ^ That Horfe in whom
Blood hath the greateft predominance, and may be called a Horfe, fan-
guire, is bright,"bay of Colour, and in Difpofition pleafant, nimble, and
of temperate or moderat.- Motion. That Horfe inv/hom Phlem has the
greateft Dominion, and may be called a Phlegmatick Horfe, is for the
moft part of a milky white Colour, and fo confequently flow, dull, and
heavy. If Choler bear the greateft Rule in his Conftitution, then is his Co-
lour commoiily a bright Sorrel,and by that means of difpofition, hotjfiery,
and of iit'cle ftrength. Laftly, If the Earth have gotten power above the
other
Lib. I. ^f Oitres Fhyfical, 7
other Elements, lb that he may be called a Melancholy Horfe, then his
Colour is commonly a Moule-dun ^ and his diipoiition cowardly, faint
andiloathfuL But becaule thefe particulars are properly appertaining
to the Complexions of Horfes, of Which we ihall have ca.ule to fpeak
more largely hereafter,! will not ftand upon any greater Relations ^ only I
give you thus much in conclufion : To underitand that every one of thefe
atbrefaid Humours hath his proper ufe and end, whereunto it ferveth :
As thus; Blood ferveth more properly to nouriih the Body. Phlegm
giveth Motion to the Joynts. Alelancklly begetteth an Appetite or long-
ing to his Meat. Kow during the time that, thefe Humours do poffefs
their naturat'Qualities, lb long they are whoielbme, and be called by
their fimple Kames withont Glofs or Addition. But if by. any mifchance
they be dilbrderedor corrupted, then they are unwholefome, and are no
longer called by their fimple Names, but have other iipithetons annexed
unto them, as McUncholly, Blood, S^tlt, Phlegm, Choler, adust or hurf/t Cho-
ler and fretting Meluncholly, whereof proceederh many peftileiit and dan-
gerous Difeales, as fhall be at large declared hereafter. And thus much
for the State of Humours.
Chap. V. Of Members, and their fever at Kinds.
Touching Memhers, which aVe the fourth' m^in Inflrument in diis
: Fabrick of a Horfe's Body, they are by School-Men divided into
two Parts. The firjft is called SimlUriu, which is like, femblable, or one
and the fame thing. The other is called Lifirumerital, and are contrary
to the firfl.
Members alike, are thofe, which beiiig fi^parated, or diftributed into
Pxarts, yet every Part thereof is alike in iubftance to the whole, neither
altering in Definition, Appellation, or Nature •, as Flefh, Bone, Sinew,
and fuch like : For Flefh being.- cut or ijicifed into many Parts,yet is every
part flill Flefh, fb reputed, and fb called, as well as when it was in com-
bination altogether ; and as of this, fo Hkewife may it be faid of Bones,
Sinews, and the like. . ■ ^-^ ^^'^-^ '^ >^ ^-^^n .i^^/-
■ Now for Members inflrumental, they be •^Hbfe which being made of
Parts of femblable, and divided into Parts, yet the Parts are" not alike,
neither have one Name with the whole ; as the Head, Leg, Foot, and
fuch like : For every part of the Head is not called the Head, nor every
part of the Leg, the Leg, but have other Appellations, as the Brow, the
Templesj the Knees, the Feet-lock, &c. Now thefe" Inflrumental Mem-
bers, in doing of their Offices and Duties, are of much rriore Perfed'ion
than the femblable Members: Wherefore School-Men have made a-
mongfl: thefe Inflrumental Members,, four . Sovereigns, or Princes above
the. reft; that is, rhe Brain, the Heart, the' Livec, 2ind the Stof^as -^ of
vvhich the fu-ft three are' th^ prefer vers of the' lingular Body, and rhe
'• ' fourth
8 Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I.
fourth of the whole-Kind ^ the firft three giving Motion and Agitation
to the Body, the fourth Generation and Increafe to fucceeding Ages.
Now from, thefe principal Members, like Branches from a well-grown
Tree, do fpring other Members, which doth them Service : As from
the Brain fpring Sinews, whofe Office is feeling, from the Heart-Arte-
ries, whofe Office is Sprightlinefs and Livelihood ^ from the Liver- Veins,
whofe Office is Warmth and Strength ; and from the Stones the Seed-
Velfels, whofe Office is Procreation and Increafe. Now foralrnuchas
from thefe do likewife proceed a world of other Members, as Tendons y
Lig^memsy Lungs, Spleens, Guts, and fuch like-, all which, inafmuch as
the Knowledge of them doth more properly belong to the Office of the
Chirurgion, than to the Phyfician, f though moft necelTary to both; I am
here to advertife every ftudious Reader, that when he iliall have occafion
to meddle with any Member about a Horfe, that he turn to the fecond
Book of this Volumn, which treateth only of Chyrurgery, and there he
ihall not only find every Member and Lineament in a Horfe, but alio the
true Anatomy fo lively demonftrated, that there fliall be nothing want-
mg to the perfecting of his Underftanding. And thus much in this Place
of Members.
C H A. p. VL Of Powers, and how a Horfe^s Body is governed by them.
Powers which by fbme are called f^rtues, or principal Faculties,
and do govern and controul both the Body of Man and Beaft, and
have the fifth place in this Work, are in Number three, that is, the Power
Animal, the Power nral, and the Power Natural. T'he Power Animd, is a
\^irtue incident to the Brain, which through the Sinews coming like little
Conduit-pipes from the Brain, difh-ibuteth feeling and moving to all the
Parts of the Body. The Power Vital is a Virtue belonging to the Heart,
which doth give" Life and Spirit to all the Body,by means of the Arteries ^
which proceeding from the Heart, which is the chief Fountain of natu-
ral Heat, carry in their little Channels over the whole Body, that Air
and fpiritual Blood which makes it full of Lightnefs and Alacrity. The
Power Natural is a Virtue belonging to the Liver, which gives Nouriih-
ment unto all the Bodv, and to every Part thereof, by means of the
V^eins, which do likewife proceed from the Liver, like greater Conduits,
carrying the Blood from the Liver, which is the Fountain of Blood, into
every pare of the Body. Befides, the Power Natural containeth four other
Virtues, that is, the Virtue AttraEilve, which draweth Food, Meat to
fuftain the Body •, the Virtue Retentive, by which it retaineth and keepeth
the Food received ; the Virtue Digeflive, whereby it conco£leth and di-
gefleth the fame *, and Laflly, the Virtue Expulfive, by which it expell-
eth Excrements and Superfluities. Thus thefe Powers or Virtues being
of no lefs validity than you perceive by this Difcourle, it is the Part and
Duty
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyftcal,
Duty of every good Horfeleach, to have a more careful and vigilant re-
fpeft unto them ^ for if any one of them fail, the Horfe cannot live.
Therefore whenfoever yo fee that either your Horfe refufeth his Food,
or that he cannot retain and keep his Food, but cafteth it up again ^ or
that he doth not digeft his Food, but keeps it corruptly in his Stomach :
Or that he cannot void his Excrements in a natural manner, but holds it
burning in his Body, take them for certain figns of mortal Sicknels: And
thus much of the Powers and Viitues.
Chap. VII. Of ASilons or Oper^triortSy and -whereto they belong.
AS touching Anions or Operations y which are the fixth Column or
Pillar whch doth uphold this natural Body of which we treat,
they are not only belonging, but even derived from the three Powers im-
mediately Ipoken in the former Chapter, as thus : The Adlion and Ope-
ration of the Fower-Animaly is to difceni, to move, and to feel. Horles
dilcern by means of the Virtue Imaginativey Difcourfath'Cy and Memora,"
tivcy whereof the firft is placed in the Forehead, the fecond in the mid-
dle of the Brain, and the third in the hinder part of the Head. All
which are comprehended under the Power-Animal. Horfes move by means
of the Vertue-Motizie, whofe Aftion and Operation is to refrain, or let
flack the Sinews, whereby every Member hath his movin g. And Horles
feeling is by means of the Virtue-Sen/itive, whofe Aftion and Operation
is bufied in the five Senfes, as to See, Hear, Smell, Tafie, and Touch, and all
thefe Aftions fpring from the Power-Amimal.
The Aftion or Operation of the Power-P^ttal, is to retrain and loolen
the Heart, and the Arteries which proceed from the Heart, which Afti-
on, whether it be hurt or difturbed in a Horle's Body, is eafily known of
every good Farrier or Horfe-Marjhal, by the unequal beating of his Pulfe;
that is to fay, of the Arteries, which come down from the Heart to the
infides of both his Fore-legs, a little below the Knuckles of his Shoulders,
and likewife crofs both the Temples of his Head, a little higher than his
Eyes. And if any Man be fo fimple to imagine that the thicknefs of the
Horfe's Skin fKall be an impediment to the feeling of his Motion •, let
him remember that as a Horfe's Skin is thicker than a Mans, fo alfo are
his Arteries greater, and beat with more violence, and fo confequently be
felt without any great Difficulty.
The Anions or Operations of the Power-Natural, are to hgender, to
Uficreafe, to Nourijh, to deftre with Appetite, to AttraB, to Change, to Digeft^
to Retaiuy and to Expel, and many other of like kind. Thele Aftions there-
fore are carefi||jiy to be looked unto by every Farrier, to the intent that
he may learn by them, not only the whole Eftate of a Horle's Body,
but alio what particular Member thereof is evil afFefted : As thus. If
either in your Horfe you find much Forgctfulnef^;, Uunimbleneis of
C I'm
lo Of Cures Fhyfieal, Lib. L
his Limbs, or Dulnefs upon Corredion, it is a figii of Sicknefs in die
Brain, and that the Power'Animd is evil affected. If you find that his
Tulfes do beat extraordinary flow, or much too faft, it is a iign that his
Heart is grieved, and his Power-Fit d evil affe£led-, But if you find that he
doth confume, pine away, and lofeth his Stomach, it is a iign that his
Liver is perplexed, all his inwardParts out of frame, and his Power-Na-
turd evil alfe^led.
Islow you ihall again underftand, that of Anions fbme be Voluntary^
Ibme not Voluntary.
The Voluntary Anions be thole, which a Horfe may either further or
hinder, ftay or lett when themfelves pleale, as the moving of the Legs ^
for they may go ftand or lie down at their own pleafure.
The Aftions not Voluntary, are thole which depend not upon the Will
of any Beaft. but be done of their own accord, and naturally ^ as the
moving of the Heart, and of the Arteries and the palfage of the Blood ^
the firft whereof beateth Sleeping and Waking j and the other hath his
Courfe every Minute. And thus much of the Anions and Operations.
Chap. VIII. Of Spirits, and in what Part of the Horfe' s Body they remain.
Spirits, which is the feventh Natural Builder of this Natural Work,
: are to be underftood to be, that fine, pure, clear, and airy Sub-
fiance which is engendred of the finefi: part of the Blood, v/hereby the
virtue of every principal Member may vilit all the other Parts of the
Body, making them to do their Duties, according to the Rules of Na-
ture. Now of Spirits according to the Opinions of fome Phyficians,
there are but two kinds, that is, the Spirit- Animal and the Spirit-Vital : The
Spirit- Animd is that which giveth power of feeling and moving to a Horle,
and hath his refting place in the Brain, from whence through the Sinews,
it is difperfed into all other parts of the Body : And it is engendred of
the Vital Spirit, being more vehemently wrought and laboured, and partly
of continual breathing : Even i^o it is partly preferved by the Caul of the
Brain, which doth, hourly water and nouriih it. ''■ '"'''^
The Spirit-Vital is contained in the Heart, from whence it floweth into
every part of the Body, being the chief caufe of all natural Heat, and
it is preferved and nouriflied both by Breathing and Blood.
Totheie two Spirits, there be moft Farriers, hoth Italians ^nd. Frenchy
which add a third Spirit, and call it the Spirit-Natziral, faying, it hath his
Refidence in the X^'wr, and the Veins •, but the two former are of llich
Power, and have fuch Superiority, that the Body cannot live without
them, nor have any being at all : Wherefore, it is the Office of the
Farrier continually, in all his Medicines, to have fbme comfortable Sim-
ple, which may maintain and keep the Spirits in their full ftrength, live-
lihood and virtue. And thus much touching Spirits, and thofe ^e^rexi
natural things which compaft a Natural Body. Chap.
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, 1 1
Chap. IX. 0/ the Six Things not Natural, hew they Profit y and hov»
they Hurt.
HAving Ipokeii of the Natural things, whereof a Horfe's Body is
compounded, it is needful now that we ipeak Ibmething of the
other fix which be not Natural, ^o far forth as they concern the Of-
fice of the Farriers^ and no farther ; for with other matters we have not
to do, The iirft thing then which is not natural, yet preferveth a Horfe's
Body in good flate, is the Air, which being pure, iharp, clear, and
piercing, giveth great Life and Nourishment to a Horfe : But being con-
trary, that is, grofs, thick, and full of putrefaction, it cannot chufe but
alter the good habit of his Body, and breed in him many Infirmities :
Therefore every Farrier fhall have great refpeft to the Air wherein a
Horfe either liveth or was bred in ^ as if a Horfe that was bred in a hoc
Air, come to live in a co'd, and through the exchange grow Sick, the Far^
rier fhall by warm Diet, clofe Houle, and moderate Cloathing, bring his
Nature to a ftronger acquaintance : Alfo when a Horfe exceedeth in any
of the four Qualities, that is, m Heat, Moiflnefs, Coldnefs, or Dri-
nefs, it is befl for him to live in that Air, which is contrary to that
Quality, wherein he exceedeth. Laflly, in many Difeafes, the change
of the Air is mofl wholelome, as fhall be fhewed at large in the particu-
lar Difeafes.
For the Meat and Drink of a Horfe, which is the fecond thing not
Natural in a Horfe's Compofition, it is not to be doubted, but whilft
it is fweet, clean, and good, as Bread well made and baked, dry Oats,
dry Beans, dry Peafe, ftveet Hay, fweet Straw, or fhort Grafs, fo lon^
it nourifheth and preferveth the Horfe^s Body : But if it be fufly, raw,
corrupt and unclean, or if he eat Tares, Fitches, Rye, or Barley, then
muft he needs be unfbund, and full of Infirmities, Therefore the Farrier
fhall be careful to keep him from all fuch Food, as breeds naughty evil
Blood. As for his Water, the more pure it is, the better •, and the more
muddy, thick, and pleaiant, fb much the more unhealthful.
Now for this Moving and Refl j that is, either his Travel or Standing
ftill, which is the third thing not Natural in a Horfe's Compofition,
doubtlefs they be great Prefervers of Horfe's Health : For as mode-
rate Exerciles difTolve grofs Humours, ingender Appetite, and add
Strength unto the Limbs, fo likewife indifferent Reft caufeth Digeftion,
comforteth the Sinews, and maketh the Heart chearful againft enfuing
Labour. But on the contrary Part, immoderate Travel or Exercifes,
when a Horfe is ridden beyond his Strength, breedeth many dangerous
and mortal SicknefTes ^ as the Foundring in the Body, the Confumption'
in the Lmgs and Liver, molten Greafe, and fucfi like, befides the pifi^g'
of Blood, Manginefs, Farcy, and fuch like : All which inward Difeafes
C 2 crave
12 Of Curef Phyfical. Lib. I.
crave ftrong Purges, and the outward Sharp and Corroding Medicines. Im-
moderate Reft, which is, when a Horfe doth ftand long ftill without any
Exercife, feeding foul and grolly, is as great an Enemy to a Horfe's
Health as the other : For it congregateth and bindeth together all forts
of ill Humours, breeds Corruption in the Blood, Rottennefs in the Fleih,
and generally as many Difeafes as any ill Diet whatfoever.
The Sleep or Watch of a Horfe, (which is the fourth thing in our
Compofition,) is fo neceffary a comfort to a Horfe, that he cannot live
without it : It is the greateft mover of Digeftion, and fo confequently
gives comfort to the whole Body. For whilft the Horfe deeps, the
Powers- Animal do take their Reft, which otherwife would be over-wea-
ried ^ and neither able to difcharge their Duties nor to continue their
Adions and Operations, which is the giving of Feeling and Moving on-
ly : And while a Horfe doth Sleep, the Powers-Natural have more Li-
berty to do their Work, in conco£ting the Meat and comforting the Body,
infomuch as I account Sleep to be the only quieting of the Senfes, or-
dained by Nature to ingender Strength. Sleep is begotten by fweet,
fatty and grofs Vapours, (and not by their contraries) which are raifed
from the Heart to the Brain, with the coldnefs of which Brain, thole
Vapours being congealed and thickned together, do ftop the Pipes of the
lenfitive Spirits, fo as they cannot refort to the Inftruments of the Senfes,
to give the feeling and moving, whereby the Body at that time is depri-
ved of thofe Motions. And according as thofe Vapours do more or lels
fill the Pipes, fo is the Horfe's Sleep more or lefs found and undifturbed ^
but when this Sleep JhalV at any time grow into ex.cefs, and you ihall per-
ceive a Horfe to fleep beyond both Nature and Cuftom^ then you ihall
know that fuch Sleep cometh from an evil Habit of the Body, and is a
iign either of a Lethargy, and a Numbnefs of the Spirits, or elle that he
hath fome inward Grief and Pain in his Limbs, when he ftandeth ; which
being eafy by lying, makes him covet a continual Reft and Sleeping.
Now for the Watch of a Horfe, becaufe it is the meer contrary to Sleep,
there needs little to be faid more than this •, that as the excefs of the one
fheweth the want of the other,fo the natural wanting of either fhews the
evil State of a Horfe's Body, and gives the Farriers warning to exped en-
fuing Sicknefs.
Now for Emptinefs and Fulnefs, (which is the fiifth and Natural Com-
pofitor) forafmuch as it is only in adding to, and taking away :; fome
Farriers have held Opinion, that all Phyfick belonging to a Horfe's Body,
confifteth in them two only ^ and truly I am of this Mind, that whofo-
ever can take away Corruption, and add Perfeftion, fhall without doubt
ever keep an able and fubftantial Body. But to our purpofe ; of this
fulnefs there are two forts, the one fulnefs by excefs of Humours, the
other fulnefs by excefs of Meat ; either of which perturbing the Spirts,
are
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 13
are the grounds of Sicknefs. Again, excefs of Humours are of two
kinds, the one an equal increale of all manner of Humours gathered
together, and the other particular excefs, either of too much Melan-
choly Phlegm, or other waterifh Humours whatfoever, the firft being ter-
med an abundance of Humours, the latter an excefs of evil Juice or
Nutriment. Laftly, there is fulnefs in Quantity, and fulnefs in Quality.
Fulnefs in Quantity is when a Horfe is full of Blood, or any other fim-
ple Humours. Fulnefs in Quality is, when any of thefe Humours are
too hot, or too cold, too grofs, or too thin, now for Emptinefs ; as all
Difeaies of fulnefs muft be cured by it only, fo all Difeafes of emptinefs
muft be healed by fulnefs, as by taking of Blood, by Purge, Frin^iof?, Seari-
f cation, Boxing, Sweating, Bathing, and a world of fuch like, as Ihall be very
largely let forth hereafter, in its proper Place, u
Laftly, Touching the Affeftions of a Horfe's Mind, you ihall under-
ftand, that fo far fbith as the Senfitive Soul doth ftretch, fo far they
have fenfe and feeling of Affeftions, as Namely, to Love, to Hate, to
be Angry, to Rejoyce, to be Sorry, and to Fear : For all which there
needs no great Apology, fmce we have it in daily Experience : As who leeth
not the Love of fbme Horfes to their Keepers, their Hate to Strangers ^
their Angers in their Fits, their Joys in their Prides and Wooings, their
Sorrows in their Sickneffes, and their Fears unto their Riders ; now thele
Affediops, fmce many times they are the grounds of ftrange Motions in
the Body therefore they ought carefully to be looked unto by the Farriery
and that the Horfe be not overprejfcd with any of them ; efpecially Fear and
Hatred, the firft wereof compelleth the Blood and Spirits to fly to the
inward Parts, and to leave the outward without Senle or Feeling •, and
€i\Q latter makes him to be Unquiet, Fierce and Raging -, both together
breed Diftemperature in a Horfe, and thofe Diftemperatures ingender
mortal SicknelTes. Afid thus much far thefe fix things,being held not Natural in a
Hofe's Comfofition,
C H A P. X. Of Horfis Complexion,
HAvingfpoken of thole Thirteen Natural, and not Natural things^
whereof a Horfe's Body is compounded, we will now in a Ibme-
what more particular manner fpeak of the Complexions of Horfes,
which is one of the moft neceHary Faces that a Farrier can behold, both
for the judging of a Horfe's Infirmities, and alfo for the true com-
pounding of his Medicines for every Difeafe : Therefore you fhall firft
underftand, that by the Colour of the Horfe you ihall ever Judge his
Complexion : For look which of the Elements is predominant in hira^
from that Element we draw his Complexion : As thus : If he partici-
pate more of the Fire than of any of the other Elements, then we
hold him to be a Cholerick Horfe, and his Colour is either a bright
Sorrdy a Cod Black without any White, or an Iron-Gray unchangeable, that
is,.
L, .- —I i»i-! — u,-j....jvi-tJmag>«ir«w»w—
14 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I.
is, fuch a Grey as neither will ev;,er turn a Dabble-Grey, a White, or a
Flea-bitten, and theie Horles are of Nature, Light, Hot, Fiery, and fel-
dom of any great Stength -, thele Horfes are much fubjed to Peftilent
Weavers, Yellows, and Inflammations of the Liver. Wherefore every
Farrier ihall be careful in his compoling of every Medicine for fuch a
Horfe to purge Choler, yet very moderately, and not with any extra-
.ordinary Strength in the Potion or Drench ^ becaufe the Horfe being in
his beft Strength, not reputed Strong, ihould you apply any violent
thing to him, that little ftrength being abated, there were great danger
in the confounding of the whole Body.
If the Horfe participate more of the Air, than of the other Elements,
then he is of Sanguine Complexion, and his Colour is either a bright
Bay, or a dark Bay, which hath neither skouiing Countenance, mayly
Mouth, nor White Flank, or a White Flea-bitten, White Lyard like
Silver, or Black with a White Star, White Rach, or White Foot. Thele
Horfes are of Nature Pleafant, Nimhlc^ Tree, and of good Strength. The
Difeales to them mofl incident, is a Gonfumption of the Liver, Leprofy,
Glanders, or any Difeafe which is Infeftious* They are of a good ftrong
Conftitution, and may endure llrength in their Medicines, elpecilly any
thing that cooleth the Blood.
If the Horfe participate more of the Water, than of the other Elements,
then is he of a Phlegmatick Complexion, and his Colour is either Milk-
White, or Yellow-Dun, Kite-glew'd, or Pide-ball, in whom there is an
eqnal mixture of Colours, that is, as much White as of the other Co-
lour. Otherwife if the Bay, the Black, or the Dun exceed the White,
he is faid to be of that Complexion of which the Colour is greateft.
Thefe Horfes are of Nature Slow, and apt to lole Fleih : The Difeafes
which are moft incident unto them,are Cold^,Head-ach,Rheums, Staggers,3Lnd
fuch like.They are able to endure the reafonable ftrength of any Medicine,
becaufe the abundance of Flegm which is in them, liifhceth both Nature
and Potion to work upon : All cold Simples are to them exceeding hurt-
ful, fo are alfb they which are violently hot in the third degree : The
Firft, becaufe it bindeth too foon -, the latter becaufe it difperfes too
fuddenly, therefore Simples of a moderate mean are the beft.
If the Horfe participate more of the Earth, than of the other Ele-
ments, then he is of a Melancholy Complexion, and his Colour a Afoufe-
Dun, Rujfet, Chef nut, uijhy. Grey, Durl-Bay, with mayly Mouth, Red or
White Flanks, or a Reddijh Bay, having long White Hair like Goat's-Hair^
growing on his Legs. Thefe Horfes are of Nature heavy and faint-
hearted : The Difeafes to them moft incident, are Inflammations in the
Spleen, Frenzjy, Droffy, and fuch like. They are commonly of better
Strength, than they will fuffer to appear by their Aft ions, and are able to
endure the ftrength of any reafoiiable Medicine : All cicatrizing and dry
Simples
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyftral, 15
Simples are hurtful unto them ^ the cold and moifl are moft pro-
fitable.
Having thus Ihewed you thefe four Complexions, Choleric]^, Sanguine^
Flegmatkk and MelancholUck, together with their Qualities and Strengths,
you ihall underftand now, that amongft Farriers there is another Com-
plexion, or fifth Conftitution, which is called the Compofition or Mix-
ture of Complexions : that is, whenlbever a Horfe doth participate of
all the four Elements equally, and in due proportion, none being greater
or leffer than another, and this Complexion of all other is the beft,
and moft perfeft, and the Horle which is of this Complexion, is ever
of one of thefe Colours, that is to fay, either a fair Brown Bay, Dab-
led or not Dabled , a Dabled-Grey, a Black, fall of Silver Hair, or a
fair Roan^ Red or Black. And thefe Horfes are of Nature moft Excellent,
moft Temperate, Strongeft gentleft, and moft Healthful \ though they
may have any Dlfeafe, yet are they Naturally inclined to no Difeafe :
But what Infirmity Ibever falleth unto them, is meerly Accidental, and
not through any overflow of Natural Diftemperature. All Medicines
muft be compounded for them according to the Nature of the Sicknefsy
and the time of their Languijliment. For if the Sickfiefs he T'oung ?Lndne\v
Bred, then they are able to receive any well compofed Rcceip : But if it be
Old, and the inward Porvers and Faculties feebled, then you muft be
careful to help Nattire, by adding to every Medicine, of what Nature
foever, fome Slmf^e of Comfort, that, as ill Humours be cleanfed, lb
Strength may ftill be be repaired and maintained. And thus much for
Complexions.
Chap. XI. Of inward Sichncjfcs, the Caufes andfeveral Kinds thereof.
Since I have already paffed over all thofe things which have Natural
and perfect working in a Horfe's Body, and do maintain, uphold and
preferve the fame in good State and Health, except accidentally the}'- be
encountred and crofTed by fome Excefs, either in Diet or in Exercife, it
ihall now be meet, that we begin to fpeak of the Things, which be Contrary
and againft Nature, which are all thofe Things, whereby at any time the
healthful Eftate of the Horfe^s Body is any way impeached ; and they be
three in Number ; that is, the Caufes, the Sicknefs, and the Accidents which
follow every Sicknefs.
Now the Caufes of Sicknefs are all unnatural Affe^s, and evil Dilpoiiti-
ons, which going before, do as it were by Violence, bring Sicknefs after them ;
and of thefe Caxifes there be two Sorts, fome Internal, fome External '. The
Internal be thofe which breed within the Body of the Horfe, as evil Hu-
mours, evil Obftru^ions, and evil Juice. External are they which com-
municate with the outward Parts of the Body, as Heat, Cold, Worms,
and fuch like, of which I ihail fpeak more in the Second Book : and for
fo
1 6 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
fo much as I intend at the beginning of every particular Difeale, to ihew
the Caufe of that Difeafe, and 1 will at this time fpeak no more of that
Subjeft.
Now for Sichiefs it felf, \vhich is any thing that is contrary to Nature,
it is divided into Three general Kinds ^ the Firft an Evil Temperature, the
Second an £vil State and Compojitiort ^ and the Third, a Loefng or Dividing
of an Vnlty : Now of thefe two latter, I intend not to fpeak in this Place,
becaufe they apperrain to Chirurgery, which I referve for the Second
Book : But for the Firft Kind, which is an Evil Temperature, it is taken
two- fold, that is, either Simple or Compound : Simple, when one quality
only doth abound or exceed, as to be too moift, or too dry : Compound,
when more Qualities than one do grow into excefs, as for a Horfe to be too
hot, and too dry, or too cold, and to moift. Again, SicknefTes are faid
Ibme to be long, as Confumptlons, Glanders, and fuch like, which linger and
wear a Horfe away by fmall degrees •, fome ihort, as the Staggers, lellotps^
Afitkor, and fuch like \ which as foon as they be perceived, fo foon they
be Mortal.
Now of inward Sicknefles, fbme do occupy all the whole Body, Ibme
but particular Parts \ thofe which occnpy the whole Body, are Fevers, the
Feftilence, Convulttons, and fuch like : Thofe which occupy Parts or Mem-
bers, are Colds which annoy the Head *, Surfeits which perplex the Sto-
mack : And ^o likewife all outward infirmities proper to every particu-
lar Member *, as Spleens upon the Legs, Spavcns on the Hoofs, Pearls in
the Eyes, and fuch like ; as ftiall be amply fhewed hereafter, with their
feveral Cures. And thus much for Sicknefs, and the feveral Kinds
thereof
Chap. Xll. Of the Signs of Sicknefs, ofid of what Nature it Conjifieth.
THe Signs and Faces by which Sicknefs is difcerned, are many^ and
almoft numberlefs : Yet in the beft fort, that I may, I will ihew
you fuch, and fo many as ihall amply ferve for any Man's underftanding.
Know when firft, that there be according to the Rules in Phyfick, four
elpecial ways to judge of inward and outward infirmities. Frft by Acci-
dents, as by the ihape, number, quantity and place of the Member
grieved, for if it carry not his true proportion, or be more or lefs in num-
ber or quantity, or out of his proper Place, then queftionlefs it is Difea-
ied. Secondly, by alteration of theQuality, as when it is either too hot
too cold, too moift, or too dry. Thirdly, when any Member of the
Body is hindred from doing his Office, as when the Eye cannot lee, or
the Foot cannot tread. And Fourthly, by Excrements, as by his Dung
or Urine. But forafmiich as in the Speculation of thefe Qualities,
many of the ignorant fort may be either amazed, diftraded or de-
ceived, and that my Defire is to give an abfolute Satisfaftion to all
forts
Lib. I. Of Cures fhyfical. 1 7
forts of People ^ I will briefly and plainly fiiew you the mcft undeceiva-
ble figns of all forts of inward SickneJTes: As thus: If a tit lie > uowei'
in Labour, or duller to the Spur, than he hath been accuftome^l i, if he
be ihorter-breathed ^ if his Ears hang down more than they 'vere wo' t \
if his Hair be more ftaring ^ if his Flank be more than uiually hol!o^'' ]
if he burn betwixt his Ears, or about his Pafterns^ if In Travel ms
Stomach fail him, or his Mouth, that in Labour was ufually wont to be
Foaming, become dry ^ all thefe are moft apparent figns of inward
Sicknels.
When a Horfe holdeth down his Head, which was wont to be of chear-
ful Countenance, it is a fign either of a Fever, Head-ach, or elfe Foun-
dring in the Body.
If a Horfe be. dim of Sight, which was clear-fighted, it is a fign cither
of Head-ach, the Staggers, or Sore-Eyes.
When a /:^tfr/^ turneth his Flead backed to the Place grieved, if it be
to the Right-Side, it is a fign ofObjhuBm/s in the Liver : But if he turn-
etli d.own |»» his Belly, then it is a fign either of Cholick, Bots, or Worms.
When a Horfe hath Water running from his Mouth, it is a lign of the
Staggers, or Wet Cough.
If a Horfe's Breath ftinks, or foul Matter ilTues from his Noftrils, it
is a fign of an Vlcer in the Nofe or Head ^ but if the Matter be White,
then it is a £gn of Glanders ^ if the Matter be Black, then it is a lign of
the Mourning of the Chine ^ but if the Matter be Yellow, then it beto-
kens the Confumption of the Liver : But if he call little Lumps out of
his Mouth, then it betokens the Conflimption or Rottennefs of the Lungs.
If a Horle's Body and Breath be hot, it is a lign of a Fever, and heat
of the Stomach ; if therewithal he forfake his Meat, it is a figu of In-
flammation in his LiTjer, and either dry or moiif TV/Zotpj.
If the Temple of a Horfeh Head be very hollow, it is a fign either of
the Strangle or Old- Age.
Shortnefs of Breath, and a beating Flank, is a fign either of a Fever or
2c Strangle ; but if the Palfage of the Throat be ftopped, it is a fign the
film of the Lwigs be broken, and the Spleen troubled, or elle Broken-
winded.
If any thing lieon both fides the Fore-head, wliich may be felt beat,
it is a fign of the Staggers.
If there be any thing f veiling about the Ears, it is a lign of the Tok-
evil : Swelling under the Ear, is a fign of the ^/wj ^ and Iwelling in the
Mouth, a lign either of Canker, Flaps, Lamfaffe.
Swelling under the Throat is a fign of the Glanders ^ and fwelling about
theTongue-Roots, a fign of the Strangle: But if there be about the Tongue-
Roots, nothing but little fmall knots like Wax-kernels, then it is but. a
fl^n of Coid only.
D Swelling
1 8 Of Cures Phyftcal, Lib. 1^
Swelling on the Left Side is a fign of fick Spleen. Swelling in the Belly
and Legs, a fign of the Droffe, and fwelling in the Flank, of Cholick
only.
To Cough, or to offer to Cough, is a fign either of theClanders^ or the
Mourning of the Chine, of a Feather in the Weafand, of the wet or
dry Cough, of the Film broken, of the dry Malady, of a Confumption,
or of Foundring in the Body.
Staggering is a fign either of a Fcver^ of the Staggers, or of fwaying
in the Neck : But if he ftagger or roll behind only, then it is a fign ei-
ther of Foundring in the Body, or of Pain in the Kidneys.
Trembling is a fign of a Fever, or of a Foundring in the Body : And
here is to be noted, that a Horfe which trembleth after the drinking of
cold Water, hath during that time of trembling, a very certain tit of
an Ague ;, and if any Farrier or other, will but obferve it, he iliall find
that the Horfe, after he hath done trembling, will burn and glow in as
great Extremity, at leaft an hour and a half after ^ and fome Horfes af-
ter their burning will Ivveat alio.
The hollownels of a Horfe's Back is a fign of a dry Malady, and the
Dropfie.
Hair ftaring is a fign either of a cold Stomach, or of Foundring in the
Body, but generally of a Cold, or want of Cloaths,
If a Horfe Stale with much pain, it is a fign either of foundring in the
Body, the Wind-Cholick, or the Stone , and if the Urine which comes from
him be Tellorv^ it is a fign of the Glanders j but if it be blackiili or thick,
it is a fign of a pain in the Kidneys.
Leanncfs and Gantinefs, is a fign of Hidebound, or of a Confumftion, of
the dry Malady, of foundring in the Body, Inflammation of the Liver,
the Tellows, Cholick, or Worms.
Laxativenefs, a Loofnefs of the Body, is a fign of a hot Liver.^
Coftivenefs in the Body is a fign of dry Yelbws, or of Difeafcs in the
Gaul.
1 If a Horfe's Dung ftink, it is a fign of a hot Liver ; if it have no
fmell, then of a cold Liver •, but if it be indigefted, then either of a
Confumption, or of a dry Malady.
If a Horfe go ftiff, it is a hgn either of Wrenching, Hipping, Stifling,
or Foundring either in Body or Legs : If he go crouching behind,
and ftiff before, then the Grief is in his Fore-legs, but if he go only
weak behind, then is the Grief in his Hinder-legs only.
If a Horfe defire Extraordinarily to lie down on his right Side, it is a
fi2;n of heat in the Liver. If on the left Side, then of a difeafed Sfleen.
If he be oft up and down, finding no reft, then it is a fign of Bots^
Wormsy Cholich ov Griping in the Belly: If when he is down, he fpreads
himfelf abroad, it ihews the Dropfie^ if he groan whe he is down,
' It
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical. 19
k fhews either a lick Spleen, moift Teliow, ChoUcl, BotSy or Film broken \
if he be not able to rife when he is down, then either mortal IVeahnefsj or
Foundrlng m the Body or Legs.
To be troubled with much Wind, is a iign either of grief in the Spleen,
or iofs of much Blood.
If a Horfe forfake his Meat, it is a fign either of a Fever, Head-ach,
Strangles, Staggers, Gonfumption, or dry Malady, Anticor, Foundring
in the Body, a hot and confumed Liver, moift Tellows, Chollck, or the
tVorms'^ but if when he forfakes his Prow/z^^fr, he doth as it were chavel
or chaw a little Hay, and in his chawing doth make a certain iharp Noife
in his Mouth, as if his Tongue could not well part from the Roof with-
out a kind of chanklng, it is then a certain fign that the Horfe is troubled
with the falling of the Palate of the Mouth, a Difeafe which only com-
eth by overmuch Travelling, or too fore a Burthen.
If a Horfe defire to eat much and drink 1 ittle, it is a fign of a cold.
Liver ^ but if he defire to drink much, and eat little, it is then a fign
either of a Fever, rotten Lungs, heat in the Stomach, heat in the Liver^
or the dry Tellows.
If a Horfe both eat and drink with an extrardinary greedinefs, it is a
fign of rotten Lungs, or a difealed Spleen.
Lazy, heavy going, contrary to true Nature, is a Iign either of a Fever,
Sick Spleen, Tellows, or elfe Obfl-ruEHons of the Liver.
If a Horfe ftrike with hi*^ Foot at his Belly, it is a fign of the Cholick^
but if when heftriketh, he Fisks with hisTail alfb, then it is either Bots or
rough Worms.
If a Horfe be Scabby and Vlcerous all over his Body, and about his Neck,
it is a fign of the Mangy. If it be an Vlcer full of Knots creeping along
^ Fein, it is the Farcy: If fpreading abroad only in one Place, it is a
Canker : If the Ulcer be hollow and crooked, it is a Fifiula : But if it be
a fpungv Wart, full of Blood, it is then an Anbury.
If a Horfe's Tonge hang out, and be fwollen, it is a fign of the
Strangle.
To conclude, if a Horfe in Health beat fhort, thick and faft in the
Flank, it is a fign of Sicbiefs in the Lungs and Lights, which we call Bro-
hn-voinded, with a World of other fuch like figns and tokens, as fhall be
more amply declared in every particular Chapter.
C H A H. XIII.. General Obfervations in the Phyf cling of Horfes.
AFter you c«n by thefe Signs and Chara^ers, judge and approve ei'-
ther the Health or Sicknefs of a Horfe, it is then necelfary that ■
you learn fome General Rides and Obfervi^tions which belong to the Phy-
ficking of a Horfe ^ lefi that either by your Rajhnefs^ Vmkilfulnefs, or Vn- ^
D 2 cUannefs,
2 0 Of Curef Fhyfical, Lib. I.
cleannefsjin what you go about to do, you commit Errors more grofs than
the Medicine you Adminifier hath Power to do good. Know then firft, that
whenfoever you go about to give your Horle aiw inward Potion or Drench^
you mufl firlt take very careful heed, that your Drink he no more than
Milk warm, for there is nothing more mortal to a Horfe than the Scald-
ing of his Stomach. Next, you muft be very careful that you give the
Drench eafily and gently, left in making too much hafte, the Dri^'k pals
into his WeaC-md or Wind-PifCy and lb force him to an extream Coughing^
and almoft fzificaehim-^ which if it do, you -muft then let his Head
loole, ftnd walk him up and down.tiil the Pailioo be paft. Laftlxj you
ihall oblerve in giving a Drench, to draw out the Horfch Tongue before
you put in the Horn^ and then prelently let it loofe again ; for that will
compel him to fwallow whether he will or no. And this is principally
tobeufed, when you give your Horfe Pills, as Butter andGarlick, But-
ter and Sanders, or Butter and Savin : Alio every Drench will work the
better, the longer yo keep the Sick Horfe tafting both before and after
the Medicine ^ wherein is likewife to be obferved, that moderate Exer-
cile, (as gently Walking, or Trotting up and down according to the
Korfe's ftrength, after his Drench received) is moft wholefome, and ma-
keth the Medicines work a great deal the better.
: You iliall likewife obferve, if your Horfe's Sicknels be a Fever,'to which
mix always your Simples either with warm Water,withHoney5or withOyl^
but if the Difeafe be Coughs, Rheums, or any thing that proceedeth of
coldCaufes, then yow iliall mix your Simples with good Ale or Wine ;
and if your Plorfe be brought low, and weak with Sicknefs, then you ihall
mix your Simples with Milk and Eggs.
You fliall alfo obferve, that in Blood-letting, you muft take but half lb
much from a young Colt as from an old Horfe, and but the fourth Part
from a Yearling Foal : Alio in letting Blood, you muft carefully regard
the Age and Strength of your Horfe, taking more or lels according to
his Ability of. Body. Laftly, letting of Blood is either to divert Sick-
nefs, and prelerve Health, or to refreih and cool the Spirits, or to di-
minifli Blood % or elle to purge grofs and bad Humours.
Oblerve before you let your Korfe Blood -^ firft^ moderately to chafe,
or exercife him : Then let him take Reft a Day before his letting Blood,
and three Days after, not forgetting th2it. April and OBober are the two
principal Seafons of the Year for that purpofe, except urgent Occafion
be miniftred.
Oblerve whenever you rake your PJcrfe with your Hand, (which is to
draw his Ordure out of his Fundament when he cannot Dung,) that
then, firft you anoin.t your Hands with Sallet-Oyl or Butter : The like
you muft ever do when yo put any Suppofitary :; but when you Admini-
ft.er any Glifter, you Ihall then but anoint the Glifter-pipe only. Many
other
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfual. 21
^ .■nil- ■' -
other Oblervations there are which be more particular, and thole you
ihall find annexed to the feveral Cures of every Difeaie : Thus much then
of thefe general Obfervations.
.>'■■•*■■
Chap. XIV. Of the Vrine, and Excrements of a Horfc.
AFter you have made your Memory acquainted vvitii the Si2;n and
Obfervations before fpecified, and lb in the end find a Horie,
which by the demonftration of ibme of thefe Signs, appeareth moll:
certainly to be Sick and Difeaf^d : My Advice is then, (if conveniently
you may, and that the violence of the Sicknefs doth not urge the con-
trary,) that before you Adminifter any thing unto him, in any caie you
fee his Urine, from which Urine you fhall reap thefe Knowledges.
Firft, If the Urine of a Horle be of a pale, wliitiih, yellow Colour
like unto Amber, and therewithal Ibmewhat ftrong fmelling, and not
/ery clear, then you ihall be affured that the Horle is in good ftate ofBody,
Irong and healthful ^ but if it be extraordinary white, as it were Crea-
ny, then it is a fign the Horfe hath weak Reins, and is fubjeft to the
Stone^ and the fioppir/g of the Kidneys.
If the Urine of a Horfe be fomewhat high coloured, bright and clear
like Lamber, and not like Am.ber, or like a Cup of ftrong March Beer-y
then it ilieweth the Horle hath Inflammation in his Blood, and that he
hath either a Fe^ver, or elfe fome great Surfeit ^ but if it be Red like Blood,
then is his Inflammation more great, and liis Surfeit is only an over-heat
taken by Over-riding ^ infomuch, that if prefent Remedy be not ap-
plied, either by fcouring or other healthful Phyfick, the Horfe cannot
chufe but fall into Ibme mortal Sicknefs.
If the Urine of the Horfe be of a pale greeniJli Colour, tliick and
llimy, it is a fign of a weak Back and Conlumption of the Seed.
Laftly, If the Horfe's Urine be high-coloured, yet therewithal clou-
dy and full of blacknefs, then it is a fign that the Horle's Sicknefs is
Mortal, and hardly to be prefervedby any Phyfick ^ but if die Blacknefs
and Cloudinefs of the Urine do not remain, (as it were) bound up toge-
ther in one Body, but is broken and difperled, ihewing many Clouds in
one Water, then it is a fign that the violence of the Sicknefs departeth
away, and there is great hope, by good government, that the Horfe will
recover his Health as at the beginning.
Now for the Excrements or Dur.g of a Horle, which is no lels wout
thy of Note than the Urine •, you ihall firft underftand, that if his
Dung be ever of Alliance with his Food, I mean either in part or in'
whole, coloured like unto that he eateth : As thus for Example \ if your
Horfe go to Grafs,hisDung will ever be green,and the brighter fuch Grecn-
nefs is, and being in a mean between hardnefs and Ibftnefs, the Ibunder
and in more perfed Eftate the Horfe flandethj but if the C/r^w^yr/} be
bright, ~
^^ Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. I.
bright, yet the Ordure fo foluble and loofe, that it cometh from the
Koi-fe like Water, then you fhallund^rftand, that either the Horfe hath
eaten up fome Feather, or elfe he hath an inward Coldnefs both in Sto-
raach and Bowels.
If a l-jorfe's Dung be of a reafonable thicknefs, neither too Coftive,
ror too Soluble, yet the G'rf^;^;??/} inclined to fome BUcknefs, it is a fign
that the Horfe hath a hot Stomach, and is eafdy fubjed either to Tellows
or Staggers.
If the Horfe's Dung be in round hard Pellets, and of a ^/^c/^//J;-greeii
Coloirr, like the Dung of Sheev^ or a Deer, then it is without fail, that
the Horfe hath had fome great Surfeit, either by Over-riding or by ill
Food, or elfe is certainly poifeft either of the fellowsy or Fever, or Foun-
driiig in the Body.
Now if your Horle be fed only upon Straw, then its Colour will be of
a high-coloured Yellow, rather Coftive than Soluble, and the Grain there-
of long, and not well couched together : And all thefe be good iigns of
great healthfulnefs ^ but if the Colour be inclined to rednefs, or if it be
exceeding dry without moifture, or if it be thin like the Dung of an Ox
or Cow, they all be apparent figns of inward Sicknels ^ but if the Red-
iiefs turn to Blacknefs, and that his Ordure doth lofe the ftrength of its.
fmelling, then it a great lign of Death and Mortality.
If your Horfe be fed with Hay and Provender, then your perfeft and
found Dung will be of a Brown-yellow Colour, the Grain fomewhat long,,
yet moift and well fixt together •, but if the Brownnels turn to Rednefs,
it is a fign of Diflemperature^ and if it turn to Blacknefs, then of Death.
Kow for the fmell of his Dung, you muft underftaiid, that the more Pro*
vender you give, the greater will be the fmell, and the lefs Provender,
the lefs fmell.
Lafcly, If you feed your Horfe only upon Provender, as Bread, Oats,
and fuch like, then the Dung which ihews a perfeft and a found Body,,
will be of a pale yellow Colour like courle Honey, firm , like a
thick Salve, having within it -vhen you tread upon it or break it, little
'white Grains, like thofe which are in Soap ^ or if the Dung be harder,
like the ordinary Ordure of a Man, it is not amifs , For both be figns of
Health and Strength ^ and if the Dung look Red, then it is a fign that
the jh'ofe hath taken fome inward Heat, and his Stomach and Bowels do
rell: ftill inflamed.
If his Dung be Brown and Slimy, or if it ihine and look grefie, it is a
fign that he hath had fome of his inward Greafe molten,andthat it refteth.
ai^d putrifteth in his Body ^ but if with his Dung, you fee him void great
Clods and Lumps of Greafe, then you may be alTured that his Greafe
was molten, but Nature hath overcome [Infirmity, and the worfl
Danger is paft already, but if the Dung; be. Matter undigefled.
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfiral, 2
lb that you may either perceive therein whole Corns, or whole Bits of
Bread, it is a Sign the Horfe hath either had a late Surfeit, or is euti'ing
into a mortal Confamption. Lafily^ If his Dung be black, or have loft
the Smell, it is an apparent Sign of Death. And thu*? much for Urine
and Excrements, and the feveral Knowledges attain'd by them.
Chap. XV. Of Fevers in General^ and the divers Kinds thereof,
THAT Horfes have Fevers, and thofe Fevers of divers and liindry
Natures, there is nothing more certain, as by ftrift Obfervatiou
may daily be percived, elpecially when we ufe either much Travel or
diforderly Diet : For queftionlefs from thefe two, and none other Heads,
do fpring moft Fevers whatfoever. But, Firjt^ That I may give you an
Account what a Horfe^ Fever is, you iliall know that it is an unnatural
and immoderate Heat, which proceeding firft from the Heart, difperfeth
it lelf not only through all the Arteries, but even the Veins of a Horfc^s
Body, and thereby hindreth all the A£lions and whoielbme Motions of
the fame. Now of Fevers, fome Farriers make three Sorts. The firl^,
thofe which breed in the Spirits, being inflamed and fet on Fire be-
yond the ordinary Courfe of Natnre : The fecond, thofe which breed
in the Humours, being likewife diftemper'd by Heat : And the third,
thofe which breed in the firm Parts of the Body, and are continually
hot. Now I, for your better Memory, will divide them only into two
Parts, that is to fay, Ordinary and Extraordinary. The ordinary Fc-
versy are all thoie wqich are bred either in the Spirits, or in the Hu-
mours^ as name ly^Quotidians^fertianSyQuurtanSyFevers continual, Fevers^FIeftec/:
Fevers in Autumn, Summer or Winter. And the Fevers extraordinary, are all
thofe which are bred in the firm Parts of the Body, and are ever hot, as
Fefilcfit Fevers and the Plague, which are ever accompanied with Vlcers,
and the Fevers accidental, which proceedeth from the Anguifli and Pain
of fome mortal Wound.
Now for the Caufe from whence thefe Fevers do proceed , you
fhall underfland , that all thefe which I call ordinary Fevers , do
generally fpring either from Surfeit by extream Labour, or fome Surfeit
by naughty Meat, as Raw Peafe, Raw Fitches, Raw Oats, Afouldy and Vn-
wholfome Bread, and fuch like : Sometimes they do proceed from the
extream Violence and Heat of the Sun-Beams, when travelling with
diforderly hafte in the extreamefl Heat of the Day, thole two Heats
mix'd together, Labour and the Sun, there cannot cliufe but be bred
in the Horfe fome mortal Inflammation ^ and for my own Part, I have
^Qen Horfes fall down dead in the High-way : For whole Deaths I
could find no reafon more than their Labours, and the Heat |of the
Sun. Fevers Ibmetimes fpring from a contrary Cauie, as from, extream
Cold in this Manner : When a Horfe in the Winter-time hath been tra-
velled
'>
-2^, Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I.
veiled fore all the Day, and is brought into the Houfe hot, if, after his
Blood and inward Powers are fetled and. cooled, you then prefently, or
the fame KiLj;ht, gi=/e him cold Water a-s much as he will Drink, you
fhairiee him g. : of Hand fail into an extream Quaking, aiid from
thit Quaking inco a violent Burning, with all odier Diftemperatures,
of a Fever.
l\Q\v fov cxtraordir.ary Fevers, they ever proceed either from Corrup-
tion of BLcd, or from Infeftion of the ^Ir : And albeit thefe Fevers are
i.:ot ufaally known unto our Farriers, yet they are as common as the for-
mer ^ only the Violence of them is ib great, and tlie Poyfon lb ilrong,
that they ever carry with them Ibme. other mortal Sickneis,_ as nam.ely,
tiie Stoiggers, Tdlovos, Aifticrr-, and fuch like, which never are, but a ?ejti^-
l.e?it Fever ever goeth before them : And they, like the Marks of the
Plague, are feldom ieen till the Cures be deiperate, and then the unskil-
ful Farrier,, neither nqdng nor knowing, if ire did, the Effefts of the. Ff-
ver, doth ever mifcall the Karne of the FJorfe's h:firmity , and taking
the lelTer for the greater, fails many times to do the Office and Cure,
which he interidetli.
Kow the Signs to know the Fever be thefe : Firft, he will ever hold
down his Head, he will qnake and tremble :, but when his Trembling is
pafi:, then will his Body burq, and his Breath be hot ^ he will breathe faft,
and his Flank will beat ; he will reel, he will forfake his Meat, his Eyes
will be flvoln and clofed up, yet therewithal much watering ^ his Flelh
will as it were fill from his Bones, and his Stones will hang down low, he
will often lye down and rife, up again : As his defire will be to Drink ;
yet. at no time drink much, neither will he at any time fleep.
Now for the general Cure of thefe general Fevers, you fliall under-^
ftand, that fome Farriers ule to let the Florfe blood in the Face, Tem-
ples, and Palate of the Mouth, and the firfl.Day to give him no Meat,
but warm Drink only, by a little at a time : And after, the fineft Grafs-
or, fineiliHay wet in VVaterr, keeping him warm, and, often walking him
up and down in a temperate Air, and giving him good Store of Litter :
Then when he. begins to mend, to feed him with Barley fodden, husked
and beaten, as you do Wheat before you make Furmity. And this Cure
is not amifs, for it agreeth with the antient Experience of the Italians :
But in our EngFifli Horfes, (through the Clime, as I fuppofej it often
faileth.
The beft Cure therefore that I -have found, is, as loon as you per-
ceive him begin to fnake, to give him the Yolks of three or four Eggs
beaten with feven or eight Spoonfuls of Aqua-Vita to drink, and then
chafe him up and d,own till his Shaking be paft, and then fet him up clofe
and warm, and with miany Cloaths make him Sweat an Hour : Let. his
Boo\hQ, Ofits vt?ry well dry'd and fifted, and once a Day fome vvaih'd.
in
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 25
1.4 III J^'Jl
in Ale. It' his flictking Fit be paft before voli perceive his Sicknels, you
fhall only give him a Pint of Mushtd'inc, is.d '.m Ounce of Sugar-
candy beaten to Powder, and brewed togetlier to Drink, and fo let him
reft, feeding him by little and little, as aforefaid, and giyinglrim.no
Water but llich as is warm : And this Order you jhail obferve at^tJie be-
ginning of every Fit, if you can note them, orelie every Morning, it
his Sicknefs liath no ceafing.
Chap. XVI. Of the QuotUuWy or every Duy^s Fever yt^nd the Cure.
TH E QuotidUriyOx every D^y-sFever^\s that; which takes a Horfe and
holdeth him with one Fit once every Rw , and will at firft appear
fomewhat violent, but leldom or never endurech long if the Farrier have
any Difcretion. It proceedeth mofl commonly from extream Ridine,
either after Water, or a full Stomach ^ and thenVuddenly after his heat
being thruft into a Stable, and neither ftopt nor rubb'd, a Hidden Cold-
nels to that fudden Heat, begets a fhaking, and lb confequently the etfed
of a Fever.
The figns to know it, are Watrifli and Blood-iliotten Eyes, ihort and
hot Breathing, Panting, Loathing of his Meat, and Stilfnefs in his Limbs;;
but above thele, to know it is a Quotidian, you ihall obferve, that thele
figiK, together with the Sicknels, will not laft above fix or eight Flours
in one Day, and then he will be cheerful and in health again till very neat
the lame Hour of the next Day,at what time hisFit will begin again. And
here is to be noted, that the more italtereth the Hours, the more hope
there is of his Health ^ as if it takes him at leven of the Clock of thQ
one Day, and at three of the Clock of the other, and fo forth. The
Cure is, you Hiall only during his Fit, give him nothing but a fweet Maili
-made of Malt and Water being luke-warm, and walk him gently up and
•down in a temperate Air ^ then alToon as his Fit is paft, you fhall let him
up, and rub his Body and Legs exceedingly -^ then four Hours after you
Ihall give him this Drink : Take of ftrong Ale a Quart, and boil therein
half a Handful of Wormwood,of LongPepper and Grains two Ounces, of
the beft Treacle two Ounces, and of the Powder of dried Rue one
Ounce : Kow when a third part of the Ale is confum^d, take it from the
Fire and flrain ic, then put therein three Ounces of Sijgar-candy beaten to
Powder '^ then when it is luke-warm give it him with i Horn to Drink. Do
this twice at the leaft, or thrice if his Fits continue,and there is no doubt
but he will recover.
C n A p. XVII. Of the Tertian Fever.
'"X^ H E Tertian Fever is that which cometh every other Day, holding
J^ the Horfe with one fick Day, and one Icnnid : It is not lb violent as
thQ Quotidian, but much longer lafting ^ it happeneth ofteneft in the
E Spring-
cr^: Of Cures Phyficai, Lib* ^B
Spring-time of the Year, when Blooi begins to e.^creafe, and moil: com-
monly to Colts and youne; Horfes. It proceeds of the feme Caufes that
the Quotidian doth, and fometimes of Ilanknefs and 111 Blood. The figns
to know it, are all the flgns formerly fpokeii of, aiid this is the chiefeft, .
that the Korle will be apparently Sick •, as it were on the A^fonday^ then
apparently well on the Tifday^ and fick on the Wcdnefday following. This
Fever is never feen, but it beginneth with fliaking. The Cure thereof is,,
ajToon as you perceive the Horfe begin to fnake, you ihall take a certain
Herb, or rather a Weed called Stonc-crcf. and bruizing it in a Morter,
Cake four Spoonfuls of the juice thereof, and infufe it in a Quart of firong
Ale, and give it the Eorie to Drink: Then walk him gently up and
down in fome temperate Air for an Hour, then fet him up, and with the
help of Cloaths put him into a Sweat for another Hour, then cool him ^
and in any wife till his Fits leave him., let him drink no cold Water, and
let his Provender be the oldeft and drieft Oats you can get, only upon his
good Days before his Fits come, keep him very long failing and
empty.
C u A r. XV III. Of the Quartan Fever.
"^ H E Quartan Fever y is that which Ibme Farriers call a Tliird Day's
ficknef?^ as tlius : If his Fits begin on the Monday^ he will be well
owtheTuefday and IFedmfday, and fick again on the Thurfday. It p'/oceeds
from the fame Caufss that the Tertian Fever doth, yet in his working is
not fo apparently violent, but of much longer continuance : For if
greater Care ar.d Help be not, thefe Fevers will 'taft fome a Quarter of
a Year, fome forne Half a Year, and fome a whole Year, there needs no
other fign to know it, then the coming and going of the Fits, as hath
been declared a Irendv. And for. the Cure, it is the felf-fime which is
defcribed in the former Chiapters, for the Tertian Fever :■ Only if his Fits
doth not leav-e him at the firft taking of the Medicine, you fliall then
give it him again the fecond time, but not above thrice at the moft in
any wife.
C H A ?. XIX. Of the Fever Continual.
TH E Fever Continual, is that which continueth without any ir.ter-
mi/lion, and it h moft dangerous and violent : For there is in it
the Eifefl? of all tlie former Fevers, everyone taking place as the other
cndeth ; as the Quotidian beginning is purfiaed by a Tertian^ a-'d a Te-^i.tn
by a Quartan, and thofe two lupp'y fo many Hours till the Quotidian doth
be'jir'^gain. This kind of continual Fever moft often fpringeth from
ibme Inflaimrnation or violent Heat in.gendred in the Princ'pal Members
about, the Heart : And the f:gns thereof are want of Reft, ar-d falling
ikway of the Fielh, belides certain InJBammations or Swelliiigs, which
wiU
Lib. I. Of Cures F by peal, 27
will appear abouc his Withers and Flaiiks. The Cure is, fuft to purge
his Head by Sneezing, the Manner whereof you ihall fijid in a pardcular
Chapter hereafter: Which Hone, you ihall give him this Drink : Take of
Jermander two Ounces, of Gum Trai^acantli and dried Roles, of each
Half an Ounce, beat them into fine Powder, ai:d put them into a Quart
•of Ale, adding thereunto of Oil-Olive two Ounces, and as much Ho-
ney ^ and wlien it is luke-warm, give it the Horfe to diink : Then Walk
-him a little fpace, and after fet him up clofe and warm, keep him from
cold Water, and let his Provender be dry Oats.
C H A H. XZ. Of the Heaick Fever,
TH E HcElick Fever in Horfes, is a dangerous and mortal Fever,
being in a Horfe the firft Original breeder of a Confumption •, it ij
a certain hot and dry Humour, which runneth between the Skin and the
Fleih, proceeding from a fick Stomach, which having been fcalded with
hot Diinks, as thole ill-dieted running Horfes be, which feed upon much
Spice, (as thole which take hot Drenches upoji every foolifh and flight
Occafion) hath almoft clean loft the Power of Digeftion: It fometimes
happens to thofe Horfes which Men too carcially teaching to drink
Beer and Wine , do lb continually apply them thereunto , that in
the End they become fnbjeft to this Sicknefs. The Sigiis to ki:ow it ^
the Horfe will never eat with any Appetite •, aiid when you draw out his
Tongue, you iliall find ic raw and almoft fcalded ; his Flejh will be loole
and riaggy, and his Body fabjeft to a continual Trembling. The Cure is,
firfc wafii his Fongue either with the Syrup of Mulberries, or with Al-
iom, Running-water, Sage, and Wo'^ibirie- leaves boiled together, then
give him Fafting in a Morning this Drink : Take of Aloe?, one Ounce,
of Garlick half an Ounce, of Licoras and Annileeds of each a Dram,
beaten to Powder, and let him drink it with a Quart of White-wine,
luke-warm, and made fveet with Sagar-caixiy or Honey : Let him drink
no Drink, but warm Malhes ot" Malt aiid VVater, and let his Meat be
fweet Flay, or green Corn-blades :;, and ever after his Medicine, let him
be chafed a little, keep fafting two or three Hours and ftand warm
and wellcloathed.
Chap. XXL Of the Fever tA/ceri in ylutuiW', or the F.v.l of the Leaf.
\ L L thefe Fevers before fpokeji of, do for the moft part commoidy
Jf^ happen to Horfes in the Spring-time of the Year, by realbn thcit
the newBlood is ever apteft to be inflamediYet notwithftanding,wefiixl by
Experience, thatFevers will ibmetim.e come at the Fall ofthe Leaf, which
we call Autumn^ and they are of a longer continuance than the other.
The Signs are none other bu*: fucji as I have already declared : For they
are the iame Fevers, only altering the time of the Year. If therefore
E 2 your
8 Of Cures Fhyfiral, Lib. l;
your Horfe do cliance to catrh a Fever at t]ie Fall of tne Leaf, you jnail
let him Blood in his Neck-Vein, aild on the Palate of his Mouth, and
yon fliall give him to drink the lame Drink v^hich is formerly let dowa
tor the Fever-continual, and there is no doubt of his Recovery.
Chap. XXII. Of the Fever taken in the Summer Scafo?:,
Fever taken in the Summet-Sealbn, is the worft of all ordinary
_ Fevers whatlbever, efpecially all fach as are taken in the Dog-
Days -, becaule uCCordinQ, to the Opinion of Etrriersy all Accidents are
then moft furious : The etpecial figns of this Fever are, that his Arteries
will beat moil palpably, and vsdierefoever he Staleth, there you i'hall
perreive he fliedde^h his Seed alio. The Cure according to the Ancieritj;,
is to let him Blood in the great Vein which he hath on his hinder Haunch,
almoft four Inches beneath his Fundament : But for mine own Part, be-
caufe that Vein is not eafily found by every ignorant Smith,and thatmany
times by miftaking, they may cut the Artery inftead of the Vein, I hold
it fully as good to let him Blood on the Neck-Vein :;, which done, give
him this Drink two Hours and a half after ^ Take the Juice of a Hand-
ful of Purllane, and mix it with Gum-Tragacanth, Annifeeds, and Da-
niask-rofe-leaves beaten to Powder •, then put them into a Quart of ftrong
Ale, made fweet either with Sugar-candy or Honey, and fiil not to give
him this Drink three Mornings together ^ keep the Horle warm during
his Sicknels.
Chap. XXIII. Of the Fever taken in the Winter Seafon. .
A Fever taken in the Winter, is not lb dangerous to the Life of a
J~\^ Horfe as the Fever before-mentioned, yet it is a Fever which
will continue long and ask great Circumfpeftion in the Cure : The
Caule?. thereof are the fame which are formerly defcribed, and the Signs
;) re no other than hath been form.erly declared. Touching the Cure, it
is thus : you fliall firft purge his Head by making him Sneeze -^ that done,
you lliall \Qt him Blood both in the Neck and the Palate of the Mouth,
and then two Hours and a half after give him this Drink : Take of Rue
three Ounces, of Round Pepper half an Ounce, of Bay-Berries, and the
Seed of Smallage, each half an Ounce, boil thefe in White-wine, and
give it him to drink luke-warm. Other Farriers ufe to take a Pint of new
Milk, and to put therein two Ounces of Sallet-Oil, of Saffron one Scru-
ple, and of Myrrh two Scruples, of the Seed of Smallage a, Spoonful 1,
and to make him drink it luke-warm;, but the Horfe which 'taketh this
Drink rauft be good in Strength, for if he be brought low it is Ibmewhat
|K)0 flrOTag.
The Ancient Italians did ufe for this Fever to give this Drink : Take
•f Arifioloehifi half a» Ounce, of Gentian, of HyiTop, Wormwood, of
Southern-
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 29
Southeniwoit, of each halt' an Ounce, of dry fat Fi£^s three Ounces, of
the Deed of Sinallage an Ounce and a half, of Rue half an Handful!,
boil them all with Pvunning-VVater in a clean Veffel, till almoft half be
cohfumed \ then when it begiins to thicken, take it from the Fire, ftrain
it, and juv^ i*: the riorfe luke-warm. . Now there are not any of thefe
Drinks but arefuFkicnt for the Cure. But the firft is beft. Now for his
Dier, be fure to keep him failing long before his Fits come, and let his
3>rink be o^.Iy warm Mallies of Malt and Water. Now if you per-
ceive that his Fits continue, and bring the Horfe to any weaknefs, you
ihall then to comfort ard quicken the natural heat of the Horfe, rub
and chafe all his Body over, either in the Sun or by fome fof t Fire with
fome wholefome Friftion , of which Fri£lions you ilull find, choice
in a particular Chapter hereafter following, together with their feverai .
Natures andUfes.
Chap. XXIV. - Of the Fever which cometh by Surfeit of Meat only.
H E Fever which cometh by Surfeit of Meat only, without .either
Dilbrder of Travel or Corruption of Blood, is known by thefe
Signs: The Horfe will heave and beat upon his Back, his Breath will.be
iliort, hot, and dry, and his Wii^-d will draw only at his Nofe with great
Violence. The Cure therefore is, you fliall let him Blood in his Neck,
under his Eyes, and in the Palate of his Mouth, you ihall alio purge his
Head by making him Sneeze, then keep him with. very thin- Diet, that
is, let him fliil for more than half of the Day, and let him not drink
above once in four and twenty Hours, and that Drink to be warm Watery
you fhall alio once or twice chafe his Body with a wholeiome Fri£lion ;
and if during his Cure, he chance to grow Co ftive, you ihall caufe him
to be raked, and afterward give him either a Suppofitory, or a Gliiler,
of both which, and of their feveral Natures, you ihall read fuihciently
in a Chapter following.
C'H A ?. XXV. Of Fevers extraordlrmryy ar.d ftrfi of TeflUan Fezcrs.
E find by many Ancient Italian Writers, that bozh tlieHoma/^Js
and othe;s their Country-Men, have by Experience found many
Hories fubjc^l to *-h»s Pelliletit Fever, which is a moil Contagious and
Pehiferous Dileale almofl incurable ^. and for mine own Part 1 have Ceen
it in mai.y Colts and Young Korfes- Surely it proceedeth, as I judge,
either from great Corruption of Blood, or from Lifefti^n of the Air.
The. i1gns.'thereof be, the Horfe will hold down, his Head, forfake his
Meat , {lied much Water at his Eyes ^ and many times havo nvellings or
Ulce:f pfmg a little below his Ear-roots. The Cure is, nrft you ihall
not fail to let him Blood in the Neck-vein ^ then two or thret. hours after
you ihall give him a Gliiler, then make him this Plaiiier : Take of
Sfui/la
50
Of Cures Fhyjical, Lib. I.
Squilla five Ounces, of Elder, of C^jhrum, of Muflard-fccd, and of Eu-
pborh.him, of each two Ounces, dilioive the fnv.e in the juice of Dnffo-
dil and Sage, and lay it all about the Temples of his Head, and between
his Ears, then give him to drink for three or four Days toi^ether eveiy
Morning, two Ounces of the beft Treacle diifolved in a Pint of good
Muskadine.
The Jtaliam life to give him divers Mornings, a Pound of the Juice of
Elder-roots, or inftead of his ELiy, a good Quantity of that Herb v/hich
is called Fenus-hair\ but if the time of the Year be fuch that they cannot
have it Green, then they boil it in Waiter, and ftrain it, and give it him
to drink ^ but I hold the firft Drink to be the moft fufficient, his Diet be-
ing thin, and his Keeping warm.
Chap. XXVI Of the PUgue and Pefillence in Horfes: of fome called the
Gargil or Murrain.
^JT* H I S Peftilence, Murrain or Gargil in Horfes, is a Contagious and
A moft infe^Hous Difeafe, proceeding either from Surfeit of Heat,
'Cold, Labour, Hunger, or any other thing breeding corrupt Humours
in a Horfe's Body, as the holding too long of his Urine, drinking when
he is hot, or feeding upon grols, foul and corrupt Foods, as in low
Grounds after Floods, when the Grafs is unpurged, and fuch like : Some-
t imes it fprings from fome evil hifluence of the Planets, corrupting the
Plants and Fruits of the Earth, and Cattle too fometimes, and from di-
vers other fuch like Caufes", but howfoever when the Difeafe beginneth,,
certain it is, that it is moft Infc6lious, and if there be not Care and Pre-
vention uled, of Multitudes, it will not leave one. Not any of the an-
cient Italian Farriers, nor any of our EngUjli Farriers that I have met with,
do or can jliew me any Sign or Token to know this Diieafe, more than
that one or two mull firft die, and then by their Deaths I muft adjudge
and prevent what will follow •, but they are miftaken : For this Difeale is
as eafily known by outward figns, as any Difeale whatfoever ^ as namely,
the Horfe will begin to lowre and hang down his Head :, and within two
or three Days a'ter fuch lowririg, you iliall fee him begin to fwell under
his Ear-roots, or under the roots of his Tongue, and that Swelling will
run univerially over all one Side of his Face, being very extream hard
and great. Moreover all his Lips, Mouth, and Whites oi' his Eyes will
be exceeding Yellov/, and his Breath will be ftrong, and ftink excee-
dingly.
The Cure of this Diieafe, ^.ccording to the Manner of the Ttnlians and
Erench-rmn, is firfl to feparate the Sound from, the Sick, even a far diftance
from that Air where the Sick breatheth, then let him Blood in the
Nerk-veins- and give every one feverally to drink, two Spoonfuls of
the Powder of Di^eme, brewed in a Pint of ftrong Sofk : Of the Com-
pofition
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical. 31
pofition of which Diapcntc^ and of the particular Virtues thereof you
ihall read in a Chapter following. If you cannot really get this Diapente,
you may then take a Pint of yi//^j/(W/w, anddiifolve into it two Ounces
of the beft Treacle, and it will lerve the turn. Queftionlefs the Medi-
cines are both exceeding good ; for they are great Prefervatives againft
all Infeftions.
Now that which I have found far to exceed, and to be raof!: excellent,
not only for this Plague amongft Horfes, but for the Plague or Murrain
(of fome called the Mountain's Evil) amongft Beafts) is this: Take a
good Quantity of old Urine, and mix therewith a good Qiiantity of
Hen's-Dung, ftir them well together till the Diing be diiTolved ^ then
with a Horn give to every Horfe or Beaft a Pint thereof luke-warm. This
have I feen help hundreds.
Chap. XXVII. Of the Fever Accidental, coming by fome Wozirid received.
IF a Horfe fhall receive any grievous and foretWound, either by Stroke
or Thruft, by which any' of the Vital Powers are let or hindred,
certain it is, thai; the pain and anguiili of" fuch Wounds will bring a Horfe
to a hot Fever, and then his life is in great danger : Befides, a Horle be-
ing natiuiiily fubjeft to moift Diftillations in his Throat, there will many
times rile thereiu great Swellings and Ulcers, through the Pain whereof
a Horfe will fill into a burning Ague.
The Signs whereof are, that'he will covet much Drinic, but cannot
di-ink, and his Flefh will fill away in much extraordinary Faihion.
The Cure, befides the Remedies before-mentioned, is to let him Blood
under his Ears, ar.d in the Mouth ^ and then to take a fine Manchet, and
cutting it in flices, fteep it in Muskadine, .and compel liim to fwallow
them : It fhall alfo be good, if once in three Days you fleep your Man-
chet in Sallet-Oil, and'make him eat it. ' A^ for his Drink, _ let it be only
warm Maihes of Malt and W'ater, which if he cannot drink, you iliall
then give it him with an Horn. Ai^d thus much touching Fevers both
ordinary and extraordinary.
Chap. XXVill. f<r^ Or2c general, certain, and approved Cure for all the •
Fevers and Sichieffes formerly rehear fed, never yet difclofed from the Authors
Breafl.
I Have in the former Chapters {liewed you the Names, Diveriities, ,
Natures, Signs, and ordinary Cures for'all forts of Fevers whatfo-
ever : Now becaule I know the' Ignorance of fome fo great that tliey
cannot difcern ^ the Sloth of others fuch, that they will not endeavour -
todifcern-, and the Folly of many fb peeviih, that they will miftake ■
what they ratiy aifcern : I will ihew you here Oiie general, certain, and
approved Medicine for all Fevers, of what Nature or Violence foever.
~ Vv/hen
3^ Of Cures Pbyj'icd. Lib. I.
When therefore at any time yoj Ihall find by any of the Signs foi"*-
merly rehearfed, that your Horie droopech, you fmdi prefently let him
Blood in the Neck- vein, and let him bleed well, then three Mornings
together (the Horfe being falling) give him half an Ounce of the Pow-
der called Diapente (the Composition whereof you ihall find in aparticu-
lar Chapter, together with the Virtues,) and this Di^pcute you fliall brew
it in a Pint of Muskadine, and fo give it the Horfe to drink with an
Horn: Then let him be ridden or walked abroad for an Hour ^ after he
Cometh in, give him any Meat v/hatfbever that he will eat. At Noon
^give him a fweet Maili. hi the Evening perfume his Head with a fweet
And thus do tliree Days together, and without doubt Health will come
fuddenly. .>w.A «-' w.^^, •{
Chap. XXIX. Of the Difeafes Inthe Head.
■ A S a Horfe's Head is compofed oF many Parts, fb are thofe many
Jr\_ Parts fubjeft to many and fundry Grievances, as namely, the Pa-
nicles, or thick Skins, which cleave to the Bones, and cover the whole
• Brain are fubjed to Head-ach, Megrim, Dizzinefs, and Amazes ; the
whole Brain it lelfis properly fubjeft to breed the Frenfy, Madnels,
Sleeping-evil, the taking and forgetfulneis. And here is to be noted,
that many Farriers, and thofe of approved good skill have ftrongly held
Opinions, that Horfes have very little or no Brains at all : And my lelf
for my own part, being carried away with their Cenfures, did at laft up-
on good Confideration, cut up the Heads of divers Horfes, fome dead,
and fome in dying, and could never find any Liquid or thin Brain, as in
other Beafts, but only a very thick, flrong, tough, and wining Subftance,
.iblid and firm like a tough Jelly, which I ever held to be only a Panicle,
and lb relblved with others, that a Horfe had no Brain : But after, upon
further Difcourfe v/ith Men of better Learning, I had this Refolution
given me : That a Horfe being a Beaft of extraordinary Strength and A-
.bility, made even to endure the worft of all Extremities, either by fore
Labour, or heavy Burthen, tliat Nature in his Creation had endowed
him with Members anfwerable to fuch Vigour : As namely, that his Brain
was not liquid and moift, as llibjecl to fleet, or to be diftempered with
very fmall Diforder, but tough and hard, even unpenetrable, and not to
be pierced by any reafbiiable Motion. And for the Panicles, they ihcwed
me thofe thin Skins over and befides that great Subftance \ fo that by ex-
perience 1 law, and now know, that a Horfe hath both Brain and a Pa-
nicle, and in them two are bred the Difeafes beforementioned. Now in
-the Venntricles, or Cells of the Brain, and in thofe Conduits by which
the
I^ib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, 53
— ^ ^ — ___— ■■ ■ ■
the lively Spirits give Feeling and Motion to the Body, there do breed
theTurnfick, or Sturdy, the Staggers, the Falling-Evil, the Night-Mare,
the Apoplexy, the Palfie and Convulfion, or Cramp, the Catarrh, or
Rheum, and laftly the Glanders. And thus much of the Head in ge-
neral.
C H A p. XXX. Of Head-ach, or fain in the Head.
' I ^ H E Head-ach is a Pain that cometh either from fbme inward Caule,
-»- or of Ibme Cholerick Humour gathered together in the Panicles of
the Brain, or elfe of ibme extream Heat or Cold, or of fome fudden
Blow, or of fome noifome Savour. The figns are, the hanging down of
the Horfe's Head and Ears, dropping of his Urine, dimnefs of Sight,
fwoln and watriih Eyes. The Cure according to the Opinion of fome
of our Engliih Farriers, is to let him Blood in the Eye-veins, and to
Iquirt warm Water into his Noftrlls •, and for that Day give him no
Meat ; the next Morning fafting give him warm Water, and fome Grafs:
At Kight give him Barley and Fitches mixt together, and fb keep him
warm till he be found ", but this Cure I do not fancy. The beft help is
firft to make him Sneeze by Fuming him, then let him Blood in the Pa-
late of the Mouth, and keep him fafting at the leaft twelve Hours after :
Then pour into liis Noftrils Wine, wherein hath ben fbdden Euphorhium
and Frankicenfey and after feed him, and keep his Head warm.
C H A p. XXXI. Of the Frenz.y, and Madnefs in a Horfe.
TH E Madnefs of a Horfe, by the moft ancient and beft approved
Farriers, is divided into four Paffions : The firft is, when fbme
naughty Blood doth ftrike the Panicle of theBrain butin one part only, it
prefently makes the Horfe dull both in Mind and Sight, and you ftiall
know it by this fign, the Horfe will turn round like a Beaft that is trou-
bled with the Sturdy : The Reafon being, becaufe the outfide of the Head
is grieved only. The lecond is, when the Poyfon of fuch Blood doth
infeft the middle part of his Brain ^ then the Horfe becometh Frantick,
leaping againft Walls or any thing. The third is, when that Blood fiUeth
the Veins of the Stomach, and infe^leth as well the Heart as the Brain;
then he is faid to be Mad. But the fourth and laft is, when that Blood
infefteth not only the Brain and Hearty but even the Panicles alio, and
tlien he is faid to be.Stark-mad, which you ftiall know by his biting at eve-
ry Man which comes near him, by his gnawing of the Manger and the
Walls about him. And laftly, by tearing his own Skin in pieces.
Now for the Cure, you ftiall caufe him to be let Blood in all the lower
Parts of his Body, to draw the Blood from his Head ^ as namely, on the
Shackle-veins,the Spur-veins, the Palat-veins, and the Thigh-veins, and
you fhall let him Blood abundantly, then give him this Drink : Take the
F , Root
•■ " 5^^ ■ ^-
54 ^f Cures Pbyfical, Lib. I.
Root of Wild-Cucumber, and where that cannot be gotten, take a hand-
ful of Rue or Mints, and a handful of Black Elleborus, and boil them
in llrong Red Wine, and give it luke-warm to the Borfe in a Horn.
Some ufe to give Man's Dung with Wine three Mornings together •,
and alfb to rub his Body over with a Friftion at leaft twice a Day, and
not to fail to give him moderate Exercife.
Others ufe to pierce the Skin of his Plead, with a hot h'On, to let out
the 111 Humours,
Others, as the moft certain of all Medicines, ufe to Geld him of both,
or one Stone at the leaft, but 1 like it not for my own part.
The Cure 1 have ever ufed for this Grief, was either to make him
jRvallow down hard Hens Dung, or elfe give him to drii'k, the Root of
Virga Pafloris ftamped in Water, and for his ordering during the Cure, I
would have his Stable quiet, but not clofe, and his Food only warm
Maflies of Malt and Water, yet but a very little at one time, for the
thinneft Diet is beft.
C K A p. XXXil. Of the SlecftrifT'Evil or Letlmrgy in n Horfc.
TH E Sleeping-Evil is an Infirmity which maketh a Horfe to Sleep
continually, depriving him thereby ,both of Memory, Appet:ii:e,and
all Alacrity of Spirit : It is moft incident to White ai:d Dun Horles,
becaufe it proceedeth only from Flegm, cold and grofs, which moiftneth
the Brain too much, cauleth Heavinefs and Sleep : There needs no other
fign more than his Sleeping only. The Cure is, to keep him waking
whether he will or no, with great Noifes and Affright ^ then let him
Blood in the Keck, and the Palate of the Mouth, and give him to drink
Water luke-warm, wherein hath been boiled Camomile, Motherwort^,
Wheat-bran, Salt, and Vinegar : You fhall alfo perfume his Head, and
make him Sneeze, and anoint the Palate of his Mouth with. Honey and.
Muftard mixt together : It fliall not be amifs, if with the ordinary Wa-
ter which he drinketh, you mix either Parfley-feed, or Fennel-feed, for
that will provoke Urine : You ftiall alfo bathe his Legs and ftop his Hoofs
with Bran, Salt, and Vinegar boiled together, and applied as hot as may
be, and his Stable iliould be Lightfome and full of Noife.
C H A p. XXXIII. Of a Horfe thutis tahn^ or of Shrow-running.
THOSE Horfes are fuppofed by Farriers to be taken, or as ibme
call it Planet-ftrook, which are deprived of feeling or moving, not
being able to ftir any Member, but remain in thefame Form as they were
at the time of taking. Some hold it proceeding of Choler and Flegm,
when they are fuperabundantly mixt together, or of Melancholy Blood,
which being a cold dry Humour, doth opprels and ficken |,the hinder part
of tlie Brain. Other ancient Farriers hold ic.cometh of fome extream
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyjical, 25
Cold, or extream Heat, or raw Digeftion ftriking into the empty Veins
luddenly , or elle of extream Hunger cauled by long Fafting. The
Signs thereof are Numbnels, and want of Motion before fpoken of: As
for the Caufe, it is diverfe : For firft you muft note, whether it come of
Cold or Heat : If it come of Cold, you fhall know it by the fluffing and
poze in the Head, which is ever joyned with the Dileafe : If of Heat
by the hotnefs of his Breath, and clear fetching of his Wind. Now if
it proceed from Cold, you fliall give him to drink one Ounce of Lafer'
pitiiim mixt with Sallet-Oil and Muskadine Luke-warm : If it proceed
of Heat, you fhall give him one Ouace of Laferpitium with Water and
Honey luke-warm : But if it proceed of Crudity, or any raw Digcftion^
then you iliall help him by Fafting •, and if it proceed from Fafting, then
you ihall heal him by feeding him often with good Meat, as with whole-
Ibme Bread and dry Oats ^ yet but a little at a time, that he may erer
eat with a good Stomach.
Now for the French Farriers, as Monfieur Horace and the reft, who call
this Difeaie Surpriusy they hold it cometh only from cold Caules, follow-
ing hot Accidents, and thcv ufe for their Cure to let him Blood on the
Breft-veins, and then put him into a Sweat, either by Exercife, or multi-
plicity of Cloaths ; but many Cloaths are better, becaule the Horie is not
capable of Labour : And ibmetimes they will bury him all fave his Head
in an old Dung-hill, till through the heat thereof his Limbs receive fuch
feeling, that he begins to ftruggle out of the fame. All which Cures are
not much amifs •, yet in mine Opinion, this is the beft, eafieft, and fu reft:
Way : Firft to let him Blood in the Neck and Breaft, then to anoint aU
his Body with Oyl FetroUum^ then give him this Drink : Take of Malm fey
three Pints, and mix it with a quartern of Sugar, Cinamon and Cloves,
and let him drink it luke-warm, then take old rotten wet Litter, and for
want thereof wet Hay, and with Cloaths, Surfmgles and Cords,Swaddle
all his whole Body over with the fame of a good thicknefs, and renew it
once in three Days till he be whole ^ let his Stable be warm, his Exercife
moderate, and if he grow Coftive, let him firft be raked, and after give
him either a Clifter, or a Suppofitary according to his Strength. There
is alfb another kind of taking, and that is, when a Horfe is Planet-ftruck,
or ftricken with Thunder : But it is utterly uncurable, and therefore I
will omit to fpeak further of it. The laft kind of taking is when a Horfe-
is Shrow-run,that when a Horfe lieth fleeping,there is a certain Venemous
Field-Moufe called a Shrow, whofe Head is extraordinary long, like a
Swine's Head, and her Feet fhorter of the one Side than the otlier. This '
Moufe if fhe happen to run over any of the Limbs of the Horfe,prefently "
the Horie lofeth the Ufe of that Limb flie ran over..and if fhe run over his
Body, he commonly lofeth the Ufe of his hinder Loins : And thefe Ac-
cidents having been often found unexpefted, common Farriers have
F z held
^ Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I.
held the Horfe to be taken or Planet-ftruck. As for the Cure thereof,
the beft is to feek out a Brier, which groweth at both Ends, and take the
iiorfe or Beaft that is thus vexed, and draw him under the lame, ar.d it is
a prefent Remedy. For mine own Part, I have heard much, both of the
Ir/irrnity and of the Cure, but I have had no Experience of it, but only
in or.e your;'; Foal, which bciiig faddenly Lame, was as fuddenly helped,
to my much Contentment.
Chap. XXXIV. Of the Staggers.
TK E Stagge-rs is a dizzy Madnefs of the Brain, proceeding from cor-
rupt Blood, or grols, tough and heavy Humours, which opprels and
make fick the Brain, and from whence proceedeth a vaporous Spirit,
diifolved by a weak heat which troubieth all the whole Head : It is almoft
of all Difeafes the moft commoii, yet very Mortal and Dangerous \ it
Cometh many times from Surfeit of Meat, furfeit of Travel, or from
corruption of Blood. The figns to know it is dimnefs of Sight, fwoln
and watrifh Eyes, a moift Mouth, ftaggering and reeling of the Horfe,
and beating of his Head againlt the Walls, or thrutting it into his Litter.
The Cure is divers \ for almoft every Smith hath a feveral Medicine^
yet thefe which 1 ihall rehearfe, are the moft approved. The ancient
Farriers, both Italians and French, ufe to let the Horfe Blood in the Tem-
ple-veins, and then with a Knife make an hole an Inch long overthwarc
his Fore-head, underneath his Fore-top, and raifmg up the Skin with a
Cornet, fome two or three Inches about, ftop the hollownefs with a Tent
dipt in Turpentine and Hog's greafe molten together :, but fome of our
Smiths finding this Cure fail, except the Difeafe be very young, ufe to
ftop the hollownefs with Dock-roots. Others with a Clove or two of
Garlick. Others ufe for this Difeafe to take Selladine, and ftamping it,
to ftop it into his Ears, and fo tye up his Ears, or ftitch the tips of his
Ears together, that he may not ftiake the Medicine out. Others ufe ta
mix Salt and Water together thick, and to put it into his Ears. Others
ufe to mix Grounfel and jicjitaviu together, and to put that into his Ears.
Others ufe to take Garlick, Rue, and Bay-Salt, and beat them grofly,
then mix Vinegar with them, and put it into the Horfe's Ears, then wet
Wooll or Tow in the Medicine, and ftop that in his Ears alio : Let the
Medicine reft lb four and twenty Hours, and if he forfake his Meat,
waih his Tongue with Vinegar, and it will recover his Stomach. Others
ufe firft to perfume the Horfe's Head to make him Sneeze, then to take
half a handful of Selladine, and as much Herb-of-Grace, three or four
Cloves of Garlick, and a little Bay-Salt, and ftamp them together:
Then mix therewith two or three Spoonfuls of Vinegar or Verjuice, and
thruft it hard into the Horfe's Ears:Then tye up his Ears with a ibft Incle-
ilring, that no Air may come in, and let this Medicine remain for the
fpace
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfiral, 37
Ipace ofa^Day and a Night :Then let him Blood in the Neck-vein,and give
him a comfortable Drench, of which Drenches yoii fhall find great pler-
ty, together with their Ufes, in a Chapter following. There be fome
Smiths which only take Rue and Selladine, of each a like Quantity,
and ftamping them with White-Salt, thruft it into the Horfe's Ear, and
it helpeth. Others take an Ounce and an half of the Oyl of Bitter-Al-
mondSjtwo Drams of Ox-Gall,and a half-penny in black EUebor flamped,
and five Drams of the Grains of Caftoreum, Vinegar, and Verjuice,
leethethemaltogethertill the Vinegar be eonfumed, then ftrain them,
and put it into the Horfe's Ears. All thele Medicines have been divers
times approved to be fingular good, and for mine own part, I have found
great Effeds in them : Yet that which I have found at all times moft ex-
cellent, is, if the Dileafe be young, and early taken, (that is, before the
Horfe be grown into an Extremity of Weaknefs) to take only Verjuice
and Bay-Salt^ and mixing them well together, to ftop it into the Horle's
Ears. But if the Difeafe be old, and the Horle brought to a defjperate
ftate of Mortality, then you fhall take AlTa-foetida, and having dilfolved
it in Vinegar, warm it upon a Chafing-difh of Coals, and with ronnd Balls
of Tow, fluff it hard into the Horfe's Ears, and fo bind them up for four
and twenty Hours, after which time give him a comfortable Drink.
Now, whereas fome Smiths do ufe to ftamp Aquavltx and Garlick toge-
ther, and ftop that into his Ears \ I for my part, think it too ftrong,
except the Horfe be in great Luft, and full of Fleih, which if he be,
doubtlefs it may do well enough •, only for a general Rule you muft ob-^
ferve, ever to let the Horfe Blood in the Neck-vein two or three Morn-
ings together, and every time take a great Abundance of Blood from
him.
Chap. XXXV. Of the Falling-Evil.
THIS Failing-Evil, or as the Italians call it, This Malcoduco, is no-
thing elfe but that which we call in Men the Falling-Sicknefs, in
Beafts the Falling-Evil ^ for it doth for a certain Seafon, deprive them
of all Senfe whatfoever. It is a Difeafe not commonly incident to our
£fff///?; Races, butamongftthe Italian^ Spanijlj, and French Horfes, many-
times found.
^ Now confidering that the mofl of our befl of EngUjl] Stables are fur-
nifhed even with fome Horles of thefe Countries, I think it good to write
Something touching the Difeafe. It proceeds from cold and grofs Flegm,
gathered together in the fore-part of the Head, betwixt the Panicle and
the Brain, which being by any hot Vapour difperfl over the whole Brain,
it doth inflantly caufe this falling. There be others which fuppofe it t©
be governed by the Moon ^ and that by a certain Courfe thereof, both
Horfes and other Beafls do fall, and as it were die for a fmall time. The
fign
38 Of Cure 9 Fhyfical. Lib. I.
fign to know the Dileafe, is, the Hoiie will f^all fuddenly, both throu"-h
the Refolution of his Members, and the Diftentioii of his Siiiews, all his
Body fwill quake and quiver, and they will Foam much at their Moutlis
yet when you think them paft all hope of Life,they will ftili ftart up fud-
denly and fall to their Meat. Kow, if you will know whether thefe
Fitswill come often, or but feldom, you fhall feel the Griftle betwixt
Iiis Noftrils, and if it be Cold, he will often, bat if he be Warm he
will fall feldom. The Care is, You fliall firft let him Blood in the
Keck-vein, taking good ftore of Blood away : Then within four or five
Days after, you ihall let him Blood on his Temple-veins, and on his
Eye, veins: Then anoint all his Body over with a comfortable Friftion
then Bathe his Head and Ears with Oyl de Bay, liquid Pitch and Tar
mixt togetlicr, and of the lame put fbme into his Ears : Then make him
a Cap or Biggen of Ganvafe, quilted with Wooll to keep his Head warm:
llicn give him a Purgation or Scouring, of which you ihall find plenty
'-ii a Chapter hereafter : You fiiall alio force him to Sneeze, but if tiie
Diieale notwithflanding continue ftill, you iliall then with a hot h'on
pierce the Skin of his Fore-head in divers places, and after anoint it
with Sweet-Butter, for thereby you flvall draw oat the grofs Humour.'j
which do opprels the Brin, and in any wife during the time that he
remainpth iji Phyfick, let his Stable be kept exceeding warm, and his Diet
thin, " ' ■ " '
Chap. XXXVI. Of the Night-AUre.
H I S Difeafe which we call the Kight-Mare, is an Infirmity which
only troubleth the Horfe in :he Kight-feafbn, flopping the draw-
ing of liis Breath, in fuch violent fort, that with the flruggling and ftri-
ving he will be driven into a great Sweat and faintnefs : It proceedeth,
according to the Opinion of ancient Farriers, from a continual Crudity,
or raw Digeftion of the Stomach, from whence grofs Vapours afcending
-up into Head, do not only opprofs the Brain, but all the fenfitive Parts
alfo. Now for my part, I rather hold it an Infirmity of the Stomach
and inward Bowels, which being cloyed with much Glut and Fat, doth
in the Night-feafon fo hinder the Spirits and Powers from doing their
Natural Office, that the Baft having, as it were his Breath ftrangled,
doth with an unnatural ftrugglin in his Sleep, put his Bedy into an ex-
tream Sweat, and with that Paflion is brought to much Faitnefs ^ of
which I have had much and con.tinual Experience, not only in Horles
exceeding Fat, and newly taken from the Grafs, but efpecially from luch
Horles as are either fatted upon Eddifh Grafs, which in fome Countries
is called After-Mathes •, or flich as are taken up Fat inthe Wmter-leafbn*
The figns to know this Difeafe, is, that in the Morning when you come
early to your Horfe, you ihall find him s^ll of a great Sweat, and his
Body
Lib. I. Of Cures Pbyjical. 5p
Body fomething panting \ or perhaps you Ihall but only fii:id him Sweat
in his Flanks, upon hi^ Neck, and at the roots of his Ears : Either or
both are iigns of this Sicknefs, efpecially if at Kight when you Litter
him^ if you find that ne is dry of his Body, and giveth no outward fign
of inward Sicknefs. Now there be fome that will object againft me, ar.d
fay, that this hifirmity is not tlie Night-Mare, but an ordinary Infirmity
ingendred by fuperfiuity of cold, grois, and unwholefome Food, got in
the Winter-feafoii :, which Nature, through the help ot' warm CUx-tths,
and a warm Houte expels in this Manner, in the Night fealb':. To this
Obje^ion I anfwer, Tliat if they do difillow this Sicknefs to be the Night-
Mare, that then withont Contradiftion, there is no fuch Dileafe as the
Night-Mare at all, and that it is but only a Name without any Subftance
or Confequence I, but forafmuch as this Sicknefs is not only very ufual^
but alfo carrieth with it all the Eifefts and Attributs afcribed unto the -
Night-Marc, and that it is as yet a Dileafe unnamed, 1 do not thin:| I
can give it a more proper Term than to call it the Night-Mare. The-
Cure whereof is, every Morning and Evening, both before ai:d after his
VV^ater, to give the Korfe fome m.oderate Exercife, as to make him go
at leaft a Mile and more for his Water , and after he is watered, to Gal-
lop him genuly on the Hand a good fpace ^ then when he is brought into •
the Houfe, and well rubbed, to give him his Provender, (beiiig Oats ;
and to mix therewith a Handful or better of Hempfeed ^ only in this
Cure you rauft be careful, that your Exercife do not inforce him to Sweat,
nor fiiall you have need to ufe it longer than you find that he fweateth
mw:h in the Night-feafon. This Exercile and Medicine will not only cure
this Infirmity, but alfo any Cold that is newly gotten whatfoever.
Chap. XXXVII. Of the ^4poplexy or Pnljl^.
THele Paliies or Apoplexis whic happen unto Horfes, are of two lorts-y^
the one general, the other particular. The general Palfie is, when
aHorle is deprived of all Senfe, and Moving, generally over his whole
Body, which is feldom or never found out by our Farriers ; becaufe the
Mortality and Suddenness of Death which pnrfues the Difeafe, takes
from them all Notes ar.d CbfervationS of the Infirmity : And indeed, for
the general Palfie, there is no Cure, and therefore there needs no Diicip-
tionofSignof Cure.- For tins particular Palfie, that is, when a Hcrfe
is deprived but of fome Part or Member of his Body, and m'-'ft common-
ly it is but the Neck only, as both my felf and others have found by dai-
ly Experience. This Dillafe proceedeth from foulnefs of Food, or from
Fen-feeciing, which breedeth grols and tough Humours, which joyned •
with Crudities andxawDigeftions, opprefs the Brain violently altogether:
It alfo cometh many times by means of fome Blow or Wound given upon
the Temples of the Head. The figns to know the Difeafe are, the ga-
thering
40
Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I^
thering together of his Body, going crookedly, and not ftrait forward,
but feldom, and holding his Neck awry without Motion, yet never for-
iaking his Provender or Meat, but eating it with greedinefs and much
ilavering. The Cure is, to let him Blood on his Neck-vein, and Tem-
ple-vein, on the contrary Side to that way he wryeth : Then anoint all
his Neck over with the Oyl Petrolium, and with wet Hay-Ropes Swad-
dle all his Neck over, even from his Breaft to his Ears, but having be-
fore Iplented his Neck ftrait with Splents of Wood, made ftrong, ^nooth,
and flat for the purpofe ^ then for three Mornings together, give him a
Pint of Old Mmnkadine, v/ith two Spoonfuls of this Powder to drink.
Take of Opoponai: two Ounces, of Storax three Ounces, of Gentian
three Ounces, of Manna, Succary three Ounces, of Myrrh one Scruple,
and of Long-Pepper two Scruples: Beat all thefe into fine Powder.
Now there be fome Farriers, which for this Difeafe ufe to draw the
Horfe's Neck on the contrary Side with a hot Iron, even from the Neck
to the Shoulder, and on the Temple of his Head of that Side alfo, a
longflroke, and on the other a little Scar in this Manner »}<, and from
his Reins to his Middle-Back, fmall Lines in this Manner :
But I that know this Sicknefs proceedeth from the Brain and Sinews,
cannot conceive how any help iliould come from burning of the Skin,
that is drawn up and ftraitned : And therefore I would wifh every Farrier
to forbear this tormenting, unlels he apparently fee, that the Skin itfelt,
throngh diflike and weaknefs, is flirunk alfo, and then the Cure is not
amifs.
Chap. XXXVIIL Of the general Crumps or Convulfion of Slnervs.
THefe general Cramps, or ConvulHon of Sinews, are moii forcible
Contradiftions, or drawing together of the Sinews, and Mufcles :
and they happen fometimcs generally into many Parts of the Body,
Ibmetimes particularly, as but into one Member and no more : When
they are generally difperfed in Horfes,they proceed commonly from fome
Wound, wherein a Sinew is half cut and no more, and fb there runneth
a general Contraftion through the whole Body by degrees. When
they are particular, as but one in one Member, then they proceed either
from cold windy Caufes, or from the want of Blood. For the general
Contrdion which cometh by a Wound, you fhall read the Cure thereof
in the Book of Chyrurgery following, where the Sinew being cut in two
pieces, the Contraftion cealeth. For this particular, where but one
Member is grieved,you fhall know it by thele Signs : The Member will be
ftark and ftifF, infomuch that neither the Beaft, nor any Man will be able
to bow it : The Sinews be hard like Sticks, and the Horfe being down,
is
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 4
is not able to rife during the time of the Contra£lion, he will alio halt
extrealy whilft the Fit is upon him, and prefently go well again, as it
were in one Moment. The Cure is, To chafe the Member exceedingly,
either with Linfeed Oyl, Sheep's-foot Oyl, or Keat's-foot Oyl, and
during the time of his Chafing, to hold up the contrary Foot that he may
ftand upon the Limb which is moft pained. There is alio another Cramp
or Convulfion of Sinews : which doth extend into the Keck and Reins of
the Horfe's Back, and \^o almoft univerikl over the Horfe's whole Body :
It proceeds ever, either from Ibme extream Cold, as by turning a Horle
liiddenly out of a warm Stable, and warm Cloaths, into the piercing
rage of the cold Winter, or by the lofs of Blood, whereby great Windi-
nefs entreth into the Veins, and io benummeth the Sinews ::, or elle by too
much Phyficking and Drenching of a Horle, whereby the Natural Heat is
much weaked or dried. The figns of this Convulfion be, his Head and
Keck will fland awry, his Ears upright, and his Eyes hollow, his Mouth
will be clung up that he cannot eat, and his Back will rife up in the midft
like the Back of a Camel ^ the Cure hereof is, with great ftore of warm
Woollen Cloaths, as Blanckets and Coverlids, Ibme folded double about
his Body, and Ibme girded all over from hi!? Head to his Tail, to force
him into a Sweat ^ but if the Cloaths will not force him to fweat, then
you Hiall either fold all his Body over with hot wet Horfe-Litter, or elle
bury him all lave the Head in a Dung-hill or Mixon ^ then when he hath
fweat an Hour or two, and is moderately cooled, you Ihall anoint him
all over with this Oyntment, (holding hot Bars of Iron over him, to
make the Oyntment fmk into his Body : ) Take of Hogs-greale one
Pound, of Turpentine a puarter of a Pound, of Pepper beaten into Pow-
der Lalf a Dram, of old Oyl-Olives one Pound, boil all thele together,
and ufe it, being made Warm. There be other Farriers which
ule this Oyntment ; Take of new Wax one Pound, of Turpentine four
Ounces, of Oyl de Bay as much, Opoponax two Ounces, of Deer's Suit,
and of Oyl of Stym^' of each three Ounces, melt all thele together, and
ufe it warm.
There be others which ule, after his Sweat, nothing but Oyl of Cy-
prefs^ or of S^yke^ and Oyl de Bay mixt together, and with it anoint his
Body over. After this Unftion thus applied, you ihaU take twenty
Grains of Long Pepper beaten into fine Powder, of Cedar two Ounces,
vf Nitre one Ounce, 0^ Laferpitium ^^ much zsjl Bean, and mingle all
thele together with a Gallon of White-wine, and gi/e him a Quart there-
of to drink every Morning for four Days. Now for his Diet and Order, let
his Food be warm Malhes, and the 'fineft Hay, his Stable exceeding
warm, and his Exercife gentle Walking abroad in his Cloaths, once eve-
ry Day about high-Koon, ^■<-^<-'^ '-'f-'i » '"-
G C H A ?.
j^2 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
''S HAP. XXXIX. of the Cold, or Poz.e the Head.
TH E Cold, or Poze in the Horfe' Head is gotten by divers fudden
and unfeen Means, according to the Temper and Ccnftitution of
the Horle's Body, infomuch, that the beft Keeper vvhatfoever, cannot
fometimes warrant his Horfe from that hifirmity. Now according as his
Cold is old or new, great or fmall, and according to the abundance of
Humours which abound in the Head, and as thofe Humours are of thick-
nels or thinnefs,fois the Difeafe and the Danger thereof greater or ieifer,
Wronger or weaker. For you ihall underftand, that if the Horfe hath but
only a Cold that is newly taken,the figns are,he will have many Knots like
Wax-Kernels between his Chauls about the Roots of his Tongue ^ his
Head will be fomewhat heavy, and from his Noftrils will run a certain
clear Water; but if about his Tongue-roots be any great Swelling, or.
hifiammatioD like a mighty Botch or Bile, then it is the Strangle ; but if
from his Koftrils do iffue any thick, ftinking, or corrupt Matter, then
it is the Glanders, of both which we ihall fpeak hereafter in their
proper Places. Now for this ordinary Cold, which is ordinarily taken,
(the Hgns whereof, belides his much Coughing, are before declared)
you itiall underftand, that for the Cure being very eafie, it is helped fun-
dry Ways : Some cure it only by purging his Head with Pills of Butter
and Garlick, the Manner whereof yon fliall find in the Chapter of Purgati-
ons. Others Farriers cure it with purging his Head with Fumes, and for-
cing him to Sneeze,theManner whereof is in theChapter of Neefing^which
done, you Ihall give him to drink Water wherein hath been fodden Fenw
greek. Wheat- Meal, and Annileeds ; and then to trot liim up and down
half an Hour after. Others ufe to give him Neeling-Powder, blown up
into his Noftrils, and then this Drink : Take a Pint of Malmfcy, and
the Whites and Yolks of four or five Eggs, a Head of Garlick bruifed
fmall, Pepper and Cinnamon, and Nutmegs, of each a like Quantity
beaten to fine Powder, and pretty quantity of fweet Butter, mix them
together, and give it luke-warm with a Horn three Days together : Then
keep him fafting at leaft two hours after. Others ufe to let the Horfe
Blood in the Vein under his Tail, and to rub all his Mouth over with a
Bunch of Sage bound to a Sticks-endjand then to mix with his Provender
the tender Crops of Black-berries-, but 1 take this Medicine to be fitteft for
iuch Horfes, who with the Cold Rhume are trouble with Pain in their
Chaps, and not with ftuffing in their Head.
Now although none of thefe Mediciens are Fault>worthy, yet Ibme
for mine own Part, I have ever found to be the moft Excellent for thele.
flight Colds, moderate Exercife, both before and after a Horfe's Water,
in fuch Sort as is declared in the Chapter of the Night-Mare, without
any other Fuming or Dienching, except 1 found the Cold be more than
ordi-
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 43
ordinary, and that for want of heed taking it was like to grow to fbme Ul-
cer, about the Roots of the Tongue. In this Cafe I would for one time
and no more, give the Horfe a Pint of Sack, and half a Pint of Sallet-
Oyl made luke-warm, and well brewed with good ftore of Sugar-candy,
to drink in the Morning fafting, and exercife moderately thereupon,
without putting him into any Sweat, and it hath never failed to work
the EfFeds 1 wiihed in ample fort, without hindring me at any time
of my Travel or Journey, but if you cannot conveniently come by this
Medicine, and you notwithftanding Travel your Horfe : then take a
Spoonfal of Tar, and folding it in a fine Cloath, fix or tie it faft to the
Mouth of your Bit, or Snaffle, and fo Travel your Horfe therewith, and
it will take his Cold clean away. But yet it will a little abate and leffen
his Stomach. '
Chap. XL. How gfktainly to take away any Coldy Foz,ey or Ratling in the
Heady how moLent foevevy without giving any inward Medicine.
IF your Horfe 'i^^ve taken any extream Cold, or Pole in his Head, tJP^
and being match'd either to Hunt or to Run for any great Wager, the
Day is fo near that you dare not give him any inward Drencli
without which, none of our Farriers know how to cure any Cold j you
fhall then, or at any other time ("for there is no Medicine in the World
more Sovereign) take as much fweet Butter as big as a W^alnut, and with
the Powder of Brimftone finely beaten and learled, work them either
with your Knife, or a Splatter togetherjtill the Buter be brought to a high
gold Colour ; then take two clean Goofe-Feathers, the longeft in all the
Wing, and firft at the Quill's end,with a Needle, faften two longThreadsj
then with your Sjlve anoint all the Feathers clean over^ which be done in
the dry Powder of Brimftone, role them over and over ^ then putting the
Feather ends foremoft, open the Horfe's Noftrils, and thruft them up in-
to his Head : Then take the Threads which are at the Quill's-end, and
faften them on the Top of the Horfe's Head ; which done. Ride him
abroad for an Hour or two,Airing him in this Manner Morning and Even-
ing, and when you bring him into the Stable, after he hath ftood tied up
a pretty Sealbn, unty the Threads, and draw out the Feathers, and
wiping them very dry^ lay them up till you have next Occafion to ule
them. This Cure of aU other, is moft certain, and taketh away any
ftoping in the Head how extream Ibever.
Chap. XLI. Tlje Perfe^ion and befi of att Medicines jor Poz,e or Cold*
TAKE (if you can get it) an Ounce of the fine and pure Pafte of "^
Elicampane, which hath the firings at the Roots taken from it, or
for want thereof, an Ounce of the Conferve of EHcampane, and diiTolve
it in a Pint and half of Sack, and fo give it the Horfe with a Horn in the
G 2 Morn-
44 Of Cures Phyfcal. Lib. I,
Morning fafling, and then ride him half an hour after it, and let him
fafl two hours more, then feed him as at ordinary times ; And thus do for
two or three Mornings together.
Chap. XLII. Of a Horfe that is Hlde-beund.
H I S Difeafe which we call Hide-bound, is, when a Horfe's Skin
cleaveth \^o hard to his Ribs and Back,that you cannot with your hand
pall up or loofen the one from the other. It proceedeth fometlmes from
Po'/erty and ill Keeping, fometimes from Surfeit of Over-riding ^ efpeci-
atly if when he is extream hot, he be futfered to ftand long in the Rain
or wet Weather : And laftly, it proceedeth from a corrupt drinefs of
the Blood, which wanting his natural Courfe, forceth his Skin to ilirink
up, and cleave to the Bones. The figns, befides the cleaving of his
Skin, is, Leannefs of Body, gauntneis of Belly, and the ftanding up of the
Ridge-Bone of his Back : Itdriethup the Entrails, torments the Body,
and makes his Dung ftink extraordinarily : And if it be not remedied,
Manginefs will prefently follow after it. The Cure of it is divers, ac-
cording to the Opinion of divers Work-men : The moft ancient Farriers
did ufe to let him Blood on the Spur- veins of both Sides his Belly,, fome-
what towards his Flank, which done, they give him this Drink: Take
of White-wine,or ftrong Ale a Quart, and add thereunto three Ounces of
Sallet-Oyl, of Cummin one Ounce, of j4ml feeds two Ounces, of Licoras
two Ounces, beaten all into fine Powder, and give it him luke-warm with
a Horn ♦ when he hath drank, let one chafe his Back, from the Huckle-
bone upward, for the fpace of an hour or more -^ then let him in a warm
Stable, with good ftore of Litter ^ then fold about his Body a thick Blan-
ket, leaked in Water, and wrung ; then over it a dry Blanket, then gird
them both faft,and ftop the Surfingle about with Wifp?*, for the wet Blan-
ket will put him into a great heat, and for want of a wet Blanket if you
fold his Body in wet Hay, it will do the like, and loofen his Skin •, this
youfhall do the fpace of a Week, during which time he fliall drink no
cold Water.
There be other Farriers, which before they lay on the wet Blanket, will
anoint all the Horfe's Body over with Wine and Sailet-Oyl, and furely it
is good alfo. There be others which for this Difeafe, ufe to let the
Horfe Blood in the Neck, then bathe his Sides with warm Water, where-
in hath been Ibdden Bay-Leaves : Then anoint him all over with the Oy 1
of Rue or Camomile, hold a hot Iron over him to make the Oyl fink into
his Skin, then gi\'e him this Drink : Take of Carrets, Rue, Wild Mlnty
of each an Ounce and an half, of W^erwirW two Ounces :, dry them, and
beat them to Powder, then give two Spoonfuls thereof in a Pint
of Mdmfey. There be other Farriers^ wich take Femigreek, Turmerich,
jimlfeedsj Bay, Licorns^. and Cummiti, of each a like Qiiantity, dry them-,
beat
l_l.li I ni»iiili " ' • ~ • ■■ ■' ■
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical. 45
beat them to Powder, and give the Horfe two Spoonfuls thereof with a
Quart of Ale or Beer luke-warm : Ufe this at leaft three Morrings to-
gether, and it will not only help the Difeafe, but if it be formerly
ufed, it will prevent the coming thereof: This Drink is alfo good for
a Cold. Now although every one of thefe Medicines are very good,
yet for my own part, I have found this which followeth to exceed them
all.
Firft, Let him Blood in the Neck-vein, then give him this Drink :
Take two handfals of Celladine, if it be in the Summer, the Leaves and
Stalks willferve, but if it be in Winter, take Leaves, Stalks, Roots and
all, chop them fmall, then take a handful of Wormwood, and a handful
of Rue, chop them likewife, put all theie into three Quarts of ftrong
Ale or Beer,and boil them till it come to a Qiiart ; then take it from the
Fire, and ftrain it till you have left no Moifture in the Herbs •, then dil-
Iblve it in three Ounces of the beft Treacle, and give it the Horfe luke-
warm to drink: Then for a Week together, once a Day, rub all the
Horfe's Body over with Oyl and Beer, or Butter and Beer, againft the
Hair, and feed him with warm Mafhes of Malt and Water, and for his
Provender, let him have Barley Ibdden till it be ready to break, provided
that you keep it not until it lower.
Chap. XLllL Of the Glanders.
Touching this Difeale which we call the Glanders, my Mafters, the
old Farriers and I are at much Diffcrnce For fome of them do hold
Opinion, that it is an Inflammation of the Kernels, which lie on each
Side of the Throat, underneath the Roots of the Tongue, near the Swal-
lowing-place ^ and their Reafon is, that becaufe thofe Kernels are called
of the Italians, GlanduU, that thence we borrow this Word Glanders • ad-
ding moreover, that a Horfe which is troubled with this Difeafe, hath
great Kernels underneath his Jaws, eafie to be felt, paining him Ibj that
he cannot eat, or fwallow any 'thing. Others fa^^^, it is a Swelling upon
the Jaw-Bones, great and hard, which being inflamed, doth putrify and
rot. But both thefe Opinions I hold in part Erroneous : For although our
old Farriers might (according to the Cuftom of our Nation, which lo-
veth imitation of Strangers) borrow this Word Glanders from the Italian
GlanduU ^ yet thefe hiflammations under the Chaps of the Tongue-Roots,
is that Diieafe which we call the Strangle, and not the Glanders ', and
whereas they could call the ^^r"/?;/^/^, the Oui7ifie, or Squinacy, there is no
fuch Matter, neither hath an Horfe any^lich Difeafe, except they will
call the Vives by that Name, which is far more fitter for the Appli-
cation.
Now for the Glanders, you fliall underftand that it is a Running Impofr-
hume, engendred either ' by Cold, or by Famine, or by lon^ fhirfl, or
bv;
4^ Of Curef Phyfical, Lib. 1.
by eating corrupt and mufty Meat, or by being kept inUnfavoury Places,
or is taken by landing with infe£led Horles* It is a gathering together of
moifl and corrupt Humours, which runneth at the Nofe ^ or may be faid
to be a Flux of Rheum, which iffueth fometimes atone fbmetimes at
feoth the Noftriis, The Caufe beingj the widenefs of the PalTage, fo that
the Cold liberally entring into the Brain, bindeth it and cruiheth it in
fuch Manner, that maketh the Humours there to diftill •, which defcend-
j;'g to the fpiritual Parts, and poflefling them, in the End fuffocates the
Horie, either by their Abundance, or killeth him by corrupting the prin-
cipal Parts J or elfe by congealing thereby little and little, over-runneth
tlie Natural Heat. Now that Diftillation, that by Cold cometh from
the Brain and breedeth this Glanders^ is of three forts. The firfi is a Cold,
wliich maketh indigefted Humours to pafs from the Brain, which com-
eth by taking off the Saddle fuddenly when the Horle is hot,or by letting
him dritik before he be inwardly cooled, or before his Body be dried :
This Diftiliation commonly is llimy Matter that fmells not, and is e»fie
to be cured ^ for it is no inward Ulcer, but only abundance of Huiriour,
the fubftance whereof is grofs and white. The fecond is a great Cold
ingendred and congealed, cauiing Humours Ibmething thin and flimy,
-. ol' the Colour of Marrow, or the White of an Egg : This defcendeth to
the Throat,and lieth there till it be difcharged through the Noftrils. The
thu'd !s by long continuance thicker, and therefore harder to be cured ;
if the Colour thereof be Yellow like a Bean, then is tlie Glanders moft
defperate, and lieth alio in his Throat : But if it be a brown or darkiili
Yellow, then commonly a Fever will acompany the Difeafe. To thefe
three Diftillations, there iscom.monly added a fourth, which- is, when
the Matter which comes from his Nofe, is Dark, Thin, and Reddifh,
like little Sparks of Blood, but then it is not fiid to be the Glanders^ but
the Mourning of the Chine, which is a Difeafe, for the moft part held
incurable, ft is therefore moft neclTary for every good Farrier, when he
iliall take this Cure in hand, to confider well the Matter which ilfueth
from the Horfe'sNofe: For if the Humour be clear and tranfparent,
fo that it may be ^een through, then it is not greatly hurtful, or of much
moment. If it be White, it is worj(e, yet with much eafe cured. If.it
be Yellow, leparate him from the found' Horfes, for he is Infeftious,' yet
to be cured : If that Yellow be mixed with Blood, it is with much Diffi-
culty helped, or if the Matter be like unto Saffron, the Horfe is hardly
to be faved. He muft alfo confider whether the Matter ftink, or have
loft the Smell \ the firft is the fign of an Ulcer, the latter of Death :
Alfo whether he cougheth with ftraitnefs in his Cheft or no ; for that
alfo is a fign of an inward Ulcer, and that the Difeafe is paft Cure. Now
for the Cure of thefe three Diftillations, which are all that make up a
compleat Glanders, you fliall underftand, that when the Glanders is of
the
Lib. I. Of Cures PhyficaL 47
the firft fort, it is eafily helped by moderate Exercile and warm Keeping:
But if it be of the lecond fort,you Ihall give him warmMaihes of Malt and
Water, and perfume his Head well, and purge it by Sneezing ^ and into
his Maihes you fliall put Fennel-feed bruifed. Others will take a Pint
of White-wine, and a handful of Soot, a Quart of Milk, and two
Heads of Garlick bruifed, brew them together, and give it the Horle to
drink. Others will take a Pottle of Urine, a Handful of Bay-Salt, and
a good Qiaantity of Brown-Sugar-candy, boil it to a Quarc ^ then add
Licoras and Annifeeds beaten to fine Powder, and give it luke-warm to
drink. Others will take Lard, or Swines-Greale, and boil it in Water :
Then take the Fat from the Water, and mingle it with a little Oyl-Oiive,
and a good Quantity of Ui'ine, and half as much White-wine, give him
a Quart of this luke-warm to drink. Others ule to give of Ale a Quart,
of grated Bread one Ouiite and a half, the Yolks of two Eggs, of Ginger,
Saffron, Gloves, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Cardamomum, Spikenard, op La-
vender, Galingal, and Honey, of each a pretty Quantity, mix thele
together, and give it to drink. Now if the Dif^illation be of the third
Ibrt, which is the worft of the three, you ihall take half a pound of
Swine's Blood, and melt it at the Fire, add to it a Pound of the juice of
Beets, with three Ounces of Euforbium finely beaten -^ and when it hath
boiled a little, take it from the Fire, and add another Ounce of Eufor-
bium to it : Keep this Ointment, and anoint therewith two long Feathers
or little Rods, lapt with Linnen about, and ib anointed, put them into
his Noflrils, and after rubbing them up and down, tie them to the Norfe-
band of the Bridle, and walk him abroad : Do thus three Days together,
and it will either abfblutely cure him, or at leaft take away the Eye-fore.
Others ufe to take a Quart of Ale, an half-penny-worth of long Pepper, a
little Brimftone, a Pennyworth of Gdingaly two pennyworth of Spikenard
of Sfdn, two penny weight of Saffron brayed, with two Ounces of But-
ter boiled in the Ale : When it is lukwarm, caft the Horfe, and holding
up his Head, pour it equally into his Noflrils ^ then holding his Noftrils
clofe, till his Eyes Itare, and that he fweat \ which done, give him Bays
and Ale to drink ^ then let him rife, and fet him up warm ^ feeding him
with warm Grains and Salt, or with fweet ?vlaihes ^ but the beft is, if
the Weather be warm, to let him run abroad at Grals. Other Farriers
wfe to diffole in Vinegar, three Drams of Muf^ard-feed, and as much
Enforbium •, then to give him one Dram at his Noflrils every Day before
he Drink. Others ufe to take ^rr^, Iris, lllyrica. Seeds of^ Sf/ia/!age, A-
rijtolochia^ of each three Ounces, Sdniter^ J?n?»/wf, of each five Ounces,
Bays two Ounces, Saffron one Ounce •, make this into Powder, and when
you give it, give part in Pills, made with Pafte and Wijie, and part by
the Noflril with flrong Oyle : Do this for the fpace of three Days at the»
leaft. Others ufe to take of Malmfey a Pint, of firong Ale a Pint, oi
48 Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I,
jiqimvitdi four Spoonfuls, and brew them together, with a pretty Quan-
ty ofAnnifeeds, Licoras, Elicampane-Roots, Long-Pepper, Garlick, and
three or four New-hdd Eggs, and a little Butter j give this luke-warm to
drink :;, then walk him abroad, and ^tt him up warm ^ do this every other
Day for a Week together. Others ufe to take ftale Urine that hath ftood
three or four Days, and ten Garlick-heads, and feething them together,
give it the Horle to drink. Others ufe to take Swine's-greafe well clari-
fied^ and as much Oil de Bay as a Walinut, and give it the Horfe to drink,
with fair Water luke-warm.
But better then all thefe it is, to take of Elicampane, Annifeeds, and
1 jcoras, of each one Penny worth,boil them in three Pints of Ale or Beer,
till one pint be conliimed, the add unto it a Quarter of a Pint of Sallet-
Oil, and give it him to drink luke-warm, tlien with a Quill blow Eufor-
hium up into his Koftrils, and within three Day« after, take of Muftard
four Spoofuls, Vuiegar a Pint, Butter three Ounces, boil them together,
fehen add thereunto half an Ounce of Pepper, and give it the Horie
luke-warm-warm to drink ^ ufe this Medicine a Fortnight. Others ufe
to take a handful of pill'd Garlick, and boil it in a Quart of Milk till a
Pint be confumed, then add thereto two Ounces of Sweet Butter, and
a Pint of ftrong Ale :, ftir them well together, and give the Horfe Fail-
ing to drink luke-warm, which done, ride him a little up and down, and
ufe this the fpace of nine Days.
Thus I have plainly fhewed you the Opinion and Praftice of all the
belt Farriers, both of this Kingdom, and of others, and they be all very
good and elfeftual •, yet for mine own Part, that which i have found
ever the beft in my Praftice, is, if the Difeafe be of the firft or fecond
fort, to give the Horfe to drink fafting every Morning for a fortnight
together,'a Pint of ftrong Ale, and five Spoonfuls of the Oil of Oats, the
making of which Oil, you fiiall read in a particular Chapter following:
But if'the Difeafe be of the third fort, which is moft defperate, you fiiall
then take of Tanners Oufe a Pint, and of new Milk a Pint, and of Oil
Olive half a Pintj and the quantity of a head of Garlick bruifed, and a
little Turmerick ^ mix thefe well together, and give it the Horfe to
drink : Do this thrice in one fortnight, and it will help, if any help be
to be had.
C H A p. XLIV. Two mofi certain and lately found out Aledicines, which will
without all fail cure any Glanders, though our Farriers hold it imfojfible.
IF your HorfcV Cold be come to the worft Glanders, which is a conti-
tinual running at the Nofe,and hath run by the fpace of divers Months,
fo that your Farriers can do you no good ^ you ihall then take better than
two handfuls or the White Cankerous Mofswhich grows upon an old Oak.
en Pale, and boil it in two Quarts of Milk till one Quart be almoft con-
fumed
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyftcal, j^9
fumed •, then ftrain it, and Iqueeze the Mo(s well, \vliic]i done, give it
the Horfe luke-warm to drinke : then take the Goofe-Feathers, Brim-
ftone, and Butter, in fuch Manner as is let down in the new Additions
for the Cold, or Poze in a Horfe's Head, before, and having put them
up into his Noftrils, ride him forth an hour or two gently, and after lie
is come home, draw forth the Feathers, and keep his Body warm. This
Difeafe you ihall underftand cometh not fuddenly, but grows out of long
procefs of time % lb likewile the Cure muft not be expefted to be done in
a Moment, but with much Jeifure \ therefore you muft continue your
Medicine as your leifure will ferve, either every Day, or at leaft thrice a
Week, if it be four or five Montlis together, and be affured in the End it
will yield your Defire.
Now the fecond certain and well-approved Medicine, is. To take Eli-
campane Roots, and boil them in Milk till they be foft, that you may
bruife them to Pap : Then with a Horn give them to the Horfe, toge-
ther with the Milk lukewarm, being no more than will make the Roots
liquid \ then having anointed your Goole-Feathers, put them up into his
Noftrils, and ride him forth, as is before fliewed.
C H A p. XLV. Of the Aiournlng of the Chine.
TH E Difeafe which we call the Mourning of the Chine, or as ibme
Farriers term it, the moifl A'fdady, is that fourth fort of corrupt
Diftillation from the Brain, of which we have fpoke in the Chapter be-
fore, ihewing from whence it proceeds, and the figns thereof : To wit,
that the corrupt Matter which iffueth from his Noftrils will be dark, thin,
and reddifh, with little ftreaks of Blood in it. It is fuppofed by fome
Farriers, that this Difeafe is a foul Confumption of the Liver, and I do
not derogate from that Opinion : For I have found the Liver wafted in
thofe Horfes which I have opened upon this Difeafe : And this Confump-
tion proceeds from a Cold, which after grows to a Poze, then to a Glan-
ders, and laftly to this Mourning of the Chine.
The Cure whereof, according to the Opinion of the eldeft Farriers, is,
to take clear Water, and that Honey which is called Hydromel, a Quart,
and put thereunto three Ounces of Sallet Oyl, and pour it into his Noftrils
each Morning, the fpace of three Days : And if that help not, then give
him to ^rink every Day, or once in two Days at the leaft, a Quart of
old Wine, mingled with fome of the Sovereign Medicine called Tetra-
phannacum, which is to had almoft of every Apothecary. Others ufe to
take Garhiak, Houfleeh, and Chervill^ and ftamping them together, thruft
it up into the Horfes Noftrils.
Others ufe to let the Horfe faft all Nigiit, then take a Pint and an half
of Milk, three Heads of Garlick pilled and ftamped, boil them to the
half, and give it the Horfe, fome at the Mouth, fome at the Nofe, then
H gallop
n^o Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. I.
gallop him a quarter of a Mile, then reft him ^ then gallop him half a
Mile, then reft him again : Thus do twice or thrice together, then let
him up warm, and give him no Water till it be high-]SJoc»n ^ then give
him a fweet Maili : Ule this Cure at leaft three Days together. Others
ufe to take half a Peck of Oats, and boil them in running Water till half
be confumed, then put them into a Bag, and lay them very hot upon
the Kavel-place of his Back, and there let it lie thirty Hours, ufmg thus
to do three or four times ^t leaft. Others ufe to take Wormwood, Peuceda-
num, and Ccntory, of each a like Quantity ^ boil them in Wine, then ftrain
them, and pour thereof many times into his ]Sloftrils, efpecially in that
which moft runneth. Others ufe to take Hare-hound, Llcoras, and uirmifeedsy
beaten to Powder :, then with Sweet-Butter to make Pills thereof, and
give them fafting to the Horfe. Others ufe to take Wheat-Flower, An-
nifeeds and Licoras ftamped in a Mortar, five or fix Cloves of Garlick
bruifed •, mix all thefe together, and make a Pafte of them ;, then make
it into Pills as big as Wahiuts, and taking out the Horfe's Tongue, caft
the Balls down the Horfe's Throat, three or four at a time, then give
him two New-laid Eggs Shells and all, after them.
Now after all thefe, the beft and moft approved Medicine, is. To take
as much of the middle-green-Bark of an Elder-Tree growing on the
Water-Side, as will fill a reafonable VefTel, putting thereunto as much
running-Water as the VefTel will hold, and let it boil till half be con»
fumed, and then fill up the VefTel again with Water, continuing fo to do
three fever al times together ;, and at the laft time when the one half is
confumed, take it from the Fire, and ftrain it exceedingly through a
Linnen-Cloath ^ then to that Decoftion add at leaft a third part of the
Oil of Oats, or for want of that, of Oil Olive, or of Hoggs-greafe, or
Sweet-Butter ', and being warmed again, take a Quart thereof, and give
it the Horfe to drink, one Hornful at his Mouth, and another at his No-
ftrils, efpecially that which cafteth out the Matter. And in any Cale,
let the Horfe be fafting when he taketh this Medicine ; for it not only
cureth this, but any Sicknefs proceeding from any Cold whatfoever. It
fhall be alfo good to ufe to his Body fome wholefome Fridion, and
to his Head fome wholefome Bath , of which Baths you ihail read
more hereafter in a Chapter following. For his Diet, his Meat fhouid
be fodden Barley, and fweet Hay, and his Drink warm Water, or
Maihes : But if it be in the Summer-feafon, then it is beft to let him run
at Grafs only.
C H A p,'
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical. $
Chap. XLVI. u4 ntofi Rare and Certain approved Medicine^ to Cure any
High Running G lander s^ called^ The Mourning of the Chine ; held of all Men
incruable.
THIS Difeafe to my Knowledge, there is not any Smith or Farrier «C^
in this Kingdom can tell how to cure *, for it comes not to the ex-
tremity, till the Horfe have run at his Nofe a Year or more ; and have
at the Roots of his Tongue, a hard L,ump gathered, which will not be
difiblved. Now for mine own Part, it is well known I have cured many
with this Medicine only : Take of Aurifigmentum and Tujfilaginis beaten
into fine Powder, of each of them four Drams : Then beating them
with fine Turpentine, bring them into a Pafte, then make of it little
Cakes, or Troches, as broad as a Groat, and dry them : This done, lay
about two or three of them on a Chafing-diili of Coals, and cover them
with a Tunnel, lb that the Smoak may come out only at the End thereof,
and lb without any lofs afcend up into the Horfe's Head through his
Koftrils ^ then ride the Horfe till he begin to Sweat •, do this once every
Morning before Water, till the Running be ftopt, which will be in a
very ihort Ipace, confidering the greatnefs of the Difeafe.
C H A B, XLVII. Of the Cough.
Coughing Is a Motion of the Lungs, railed naturally from its expul-
five Power, to cafl out the hurtful Caufe, as Neefuig is the Motion
of the Brain, Now of Coughs, there be fome outward, and fome in-
ward : Thole are faid to be outward, which proceed of outward Caufes,
as when a Horfe doth eat or drink too greedily, lb that his Meat goeth
the wrong way, or when he licketh up a Feather, or eateth dufly or fliarp-
bearded Straw, and fuch like, which tickling his Throat, caufeth him
to Cough ^ thofe which are faid to be inward, are either wet or dry, of
which we fhall fpeak more hereafter. Now of thefe outward Coughs,
they may proceed from the Corruption of the Air, which if it do, you
ihall give him half an Ounce of Diapente in a Pint of Sack, and it will
help. It may alfo proceed from Duft, and then you muft walh it down
by powring into his Noflrils Ale and Oil mingled together. It may come
by eating fliarp and fowre things -^ and then you muft put down his Throat
Pills of Sweet-Butter, whofe Ibftnefs will help him. It may proceed
from fome little or flight taken Cold, and then you fhall take the Whites
and Yolks of two Eggs, three Ounces of Sallet-Oil, two Handfuls of
Bean-Flower, one ounce of Fenugreek, mix them with a Pint of old
Malmfey, and give it the Horfe to drink three Days together : Or elfe
take Tarr and frefh Butter, mix them together, and give Pills thereof
to the Horfe four times in feven Days : That is, the firfl, the third, the
fifth, and the feventh Day. There be others which ufe to take a Gallon
Hi of
52 Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I,
of fair Water, and make i^ ready to feeth • then put thereto a Peck of
ground Malt, with two handfuls of Box Leaves chopt fmall, and a little
Groundfel, mix them all together, and give him every Morning and E-
vening a Pint for a Week together. If to the Box-Leaves you add Oats
ai d Bettony, it is not amifs, fo you keep the Horfe warm. Others ufe
to give the Horfe a Pint of Swine's-Blood warm. Others ufe to boil in a
Gallon of Water one Pound of Fenugreek, then ftraining it, give the
Water Morning and Evening by a pint at a time to drink, then drying
his Fenugreek, give it the Horfe with his Provender. Others ule for all
manner of Coughs, to take a Quaitern of white Currans, and as much
clarified Honey, two ounces of f\veet-Marjoram, with old freih Greafe,
and a Head of Gar lick ^ melt that which is to be molten, and pun that
which is to be beaten ^ mix them together, and give the Horfe a Pint
thereof, better than three Mornings together. Others ufe to give the
Horfe the Gut of young Pullet dipt in Honey, and being warm ^ and
certainly, there is not any of thele Medicines, but are moft Ibvereign
and well approved. Kow whereas Ibme Farriers ufe to thruft down the
Throat of the Horfe a Willow Wand, rolled about with a Linnen Cloath,
and anointed ail over with Honey, (I for my part) do not like it ; for it
both torments the Horle more than there is occaiion, and doth but only
go about to take away that which is gone in the ftruggling, before the
Medicine can be uled, for it is only for a Cough, which cometh by a
Feather^ or fome fuch like Matter.
C H A Po XLVIIL Of the inward, or wet Cough.
Touching inward Coughs, which are gotten and engendred by Colds
and Rheums of long continuance, being not only dangerous,
but lometimes Mortal , you fhall underftand, that they are divi-
ded into two Kinds, the one Wet, the other Dry ^ the wet Cold pro-
ceedeth from cold Caufes taken after great Heat ^ which heat dilfol-
ving Humours, thofe Humours being again congealed, do prefently caufe
Obftru^lions and flopping of the Lungs. Now the iigns to know this
wet Cough, is, the Horle will ever after his Coughing, caft out either
Water or Matter out of his Koftrils, or Champ or Chaw with his Teeth^
the thick Matter which he cafteth out of his Throat, as you fhall ealily.
perceive, if you heedfully note him, he will alfo Cough often without
Intermiffion, and when he Cougheth, he will not much bow down his
Head, nor abftain from his Meat : And when he drinketh, you ihall fee
fome of his Water iffue out at his Noftrils. The Cure is, firft to keep
him exceeding warm ^ then forafmuch as it proceedeth from cold Caules,
you ihall give him hot Drinks, and Spices, as Sack, or ftfong Ale,
brewed with Cinnamon, Ginger, Cloves, Treacle, Long-Pepper, and
esth«r Swines-greafe, Sallet-Oil, or Sweet-Butter, for you ihall know,
that
Lib. I. Of Cures ThyftcaL 53
that all cold Caufes are cured with Medicines that open and warm^ and
the hot with fuch as cleanle and cool. Some ufe to take a pretty Quan-
tity of Benjamine^ and the Yolk of an Egg, which being well mixt to-
gether, and put into an Egg-ihell, caft all down into the Horfe's Throat,
and then moderately Ride him up and down for more than a quarter of
an Hour : And do this three or four Mornings together. Others ule to
keep him warm, and then to give him this Drink : Take of Barley one
Peck, and boil it in two or three Gallons of Running-Water, till the
Barley burft, together with bruifed Licoras, Annifeeds, and Raifms, of
each a Pound ; then ftrain it, and to that Liquor put of Honey a Pint,
and a quartern of Sugar-candy, and keep it dole in a Pot to lerve the
Horfe therewith four feveral Mornings, and caft not away the Barley,
nor the reft of the ftrainings, but make it hot every Day to perfume the
Horie withal in a clofe Bag -^ and if he eat of it, it is ix) much the better^
and after this, you ihall give the Horfe fbme moderate Exercife ^ and
for his Diet, let him drink no cold Water till his Cough abate, and as it
leffeneth, fo let the Water be lefs warmed.
Now for mine own Part, though all thele Receipts be exceeding good,
and very well approved, yet in this Gale, thus hath been, and ever ihall
be my PratT:iDe ; if I found either by the heavinefs of the Hoffe's Head,
or by the ratling of his Noftrils,that the Gough proceeded moft from the
flopping of his Head, I would only give him four or five Mornings toge-
ther, three or four good round Pills of Butter and Garlick, (well knodden
together) fafting, then ride him moderately an hour after -^ but if I found
that the Sicknefs remained in the Gheft or Breaft of the Horfe, then I
would give him twice in four Days a pint of Sack,half a Pint of Sallet-OiJ,
and two ounces of Sugar-candy well brewed together,and made luke-warm,
and then ride him half an hour after,and i^Qt him up warm, fuffering him
to drink no cold Water, till his Gough begin to abate and leave him.
But for all wet Goughs, frettized and broken Lungs, putrified and rot-
ten Lungs, or any fuch moift Dileafe, fee the new Additions far the
Mourning of the Chine, and it is a certain Gure.
Chap. XLIX. Of the Dry Cough.
^JT H I S Difeafe which we call the dry Cough, is a grofs and tough
-*■ Humour, cleaving hard to the hollow places of the Lungs, which
ftoppeth the Wind-pipes, fo that the Horfe can hardly draw his breath.
It doth proceed by Ill-government, from the Rheum which diftilleth
from the Head, falleth dow to the Breaft, and there inforceth the Horfe
to ftrive to caft it out.
The fpecial figns to know it, i§, by eating hot Meats, as Bread that n
i|)iced. Straw, dry Hay, or fuch like, his extremity of Coughing will
will increafe, by eating cold arjd moil! Meats, as Grafs, Sorage, Grains^
and .
^4 ^f ^^^^^ Phy fecal. Lib. I.
and fuch like, it will abate and be the lefs : He Cougheth leldome, yet
when he congheth, he cougheth violently a long time together, and
drily with a hollow found from his Cheft : He alfo boweth his Head
down to the Ground, and forfaketh his Meat whilft he Cougheth, yet
never cafteth forth any thing, either at his Mouth or Noftrils.
This Cough is moft dangerous, and not being taken in time is incura-
ble : For it will grow to the Purfick or Broken-winded altogether. The
Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is, that foraf-
much as it proceedeth from hot Humours, therefore you fliall perfume
his Head with cold Simples, as Camomile, Mellilot, Licoras, dried Red
Rofes and Camphire boiled in Water, and the Fume made to pafs up into^
his Mouth and Noftrils.
Others ufe to take a clofe Earthen Pot, and to put therein three Pints
of the ftrongeft Vinegar, and four Eggs, Shells and all, unbroken, and
four Heads of Garlick clean pilled and bruiled, and fet the Pot being
very clofe covered in avvarm Dung-hil or a Horfe-mixen, and there let
it ftand 24 Hours, then take it forth and open it, and take out the Eggs
which will be as loft as Silk, and lay them by, until you have ftrained
the Vinegar and Garlick through a Linnen Cloath : Then put to thai Li-
quor a quartern of Honey, and half a quartern of Sur^r-candy, and two
Ounces of Licoras, and two Ounces of Annifeeds beaten all into line
Powder, and then the Horfe having fafting all the Night, early in the
Morning, about feven or eigiit a-Clock, open the Horfe's Mouth v/ith a
Drench-ftaif and Cord, and firft caft down his Throat one of the Eggs,
and then prefently after it a Horn full of the aforefaid Drink, being made
luke-warm •, then caft in another Egg, and another Hornfull : Aiid thus
do till he hath fwallowed up all the Eggs, or three at the leaft ^ then Bri-
dle him, and cover him warmer than he was before,aiid let him up in the
Stable, tying him to the bare Rack for the fpace of two Hours •, then
unbridle him, and give him either fome Oats, Hay, or Grafs ^ yet in any
Cale give him no Hay, until it hath been fomewhat fprmkled with Wa-
ter : For there is no greater Enemy to a dry Cough than dry Hay, dry
Straw, or Chaff ^ then let him have cold Water the fpace of nine Days.
Now if you chance the firft Morning, to leave an Egg untaken, you
ihaH not fail to give it him, and the remainder of the Drink the Morn-
ing following. If you find by this Praftice that the Cough weareth not
away, you ihall then purge his Head with Pills, of which you ftiall read
in the Chapter of Turgations : After his Pills received, you fhall let him
faft three Hours, ftanding warm cloathed and littered in the Stable : You
ihall alfo now and then give him a warm Maih, and once a-Day Trot him
moderately abroad.
There be other Farriers which for this dry Cough take only the Herb
called Lyon's-Foot, Lady's-Mantle, Spurge, and Smallage, of each a
like
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical. 5 5
like quantity, feethe them in a Quart of old Wine, or a Quart of Run-
ning-Water till fome part be confumed, and give it the Horfe to drink :
If inftead of the Herbs themfelves, you give the Juice of the Herbs ia
Wine, it is good. ,There be others which take a good quantity of white
Currans, and as much Honey, two Ounces of Marjoram, one Ounce of
Penny-royal, with fire Pounds of freih Greafe, and nine Heads of Gar-
lick, beat that which is to be beaten, and melt the reft ^ give this in four
or five Days like Pills dipt iia Honey. Others ufe to take Myrrh Opo-
ponax. Iris, Ilerica, and Galbanum, of each two Ounces, of Red Sto-
rax three Ounces, of Turpentine four Ounces, of Hen-bane half an
Ounce, of Opium half an Ounce, beat them to fine Powder, and give
two or three Spoonfuls with a Pint of old Wine, or a Quart of Ale.
Others ufe to take forty grains of Pepper, four or five Roots of Rad-
diih, four Heads of Garlick, ond five ounces fweet-Butter ^ ftamp them
all well together, and give every Day a Ball of It to the Horfe for a
Week together, inaking him faft two hours after his taking of it j and
furely, it is a moft excellent approved Medicince for any old over-grown
Cold, or Cough. Oiher Farriers ufe to take of Oil de Bay and fweet But-
ter, of each half a pound, Garlick one pound, beat it together unpilled,
and being well beated with a Peftle of Wood, add your Oil and Butter
unto it : Then having made it into Balls, with a little Wheat-flower,
give your Plorfe every Morning for a Week and more, three or four Balls
as big as Walnuts, keeping him fafting after from Meat three hours, and
from Drink till it be Night,provided that ftill his Drink be warm,and his
Meat, if poiTible, may be Grafs or Hay fprinckled with Water : As for
his Provender, it fhould be Oats and Fenugreek fprinkled among it. Now
if you perceive that at a Fortnights End, his Cough doth nothing at all
abate, you fliall then for another Week, give him again the fame Phyfick
and Diet •, but truly for my own part, I have never found it to fail in any
Horfe whatfoever ^ yet I will wiih all Farriers not to be too bufie with
thefe inward Medicines, except they be well aHured that the Cold hath
been long, and that the Cough is dangerous.
Chap. L. Two e.y:cellcnt true and well approved Medicines^ for any Cold, drf
Cough, jhortnefs of Breath, Vurfmefs, or Broken-winded.^
nn H E firft is, Take of Tar three fpoonfuls, of l\veet-Butter as much, *^
•^ beat and work them well together with the fine powder of Licoras,
Annifeeds, and Sugar-candy, till it be brought to a hard Pafte j then
make it in three round Balls, and put into each Ball four or five Cloves
of Garlick, and fo give them them to the Horfe, and warm him with
Riding, both before and after he hath received the Pills, and be alTured,,
that he be fafting when he takes it ^ and faft at leaft two hours after he
hath taken it,
Th&
^6 Of Cures Pbyfical, Lib. I.
The Second is, Take of the white Fat or Lard of Bacon, a Piece four
Fingers long, and ahnoft two Fingers thick both ways ^ then with your
Knife making many holes into it, ftop it with as many Cloves of Gar-
lick as you can conveniently get into it, then rolling it in the Powder of
Licoras, Annifeeds, Sugar-candy and Brimftone, all equally mixed toge-
ther, give it your Horfe fafting in a Morning, at leaft twice a Week
continually, and ride him after it, and be fure that all the Hay he eats be
finely fprinkled with Water.
Chap. LI. The hejl of all other Afediclnes, for a dry Cough, never before
mentioned^ nor revealed.
TAKE of the Syrup of Colts-foot two Ounces, of the Powder of
Elicampane, of Annifeeds and of Licoras, of each half an Ounce,
of Sugar-candy divided into two Parts, two Ounces, then with Sweet-
Butter work the Syrup and the Powders, and one part of the Sugar-candy
into a ftiff Pafte, and thereof make Pills or fmall Balls, and roll them in
the other part of the Sugar-candy, and To give it to the Horfe fafting,
and Exercife him gently an hour after it : And thus do for divers Morn-
ing till you find Amendment.
Chap. LIL Of the Fretnz.edy Broken, and Rotten Lungs.
COughs do many times proceed from the Corruption and Putrefaftioa
of the Lungs, gotten either by feme extream Cold, Running or
Leaping, or by over-greedy drinking after great thirft ^ becaufe the Lungs
being inclofed in a very thin film, they are therefore the much fooner
broken •, and if fuch a breach be made, without inftant Cure, they be-
gin to Inflame and Apofthume, oppreiling and fickning the whole Lungs.
Now the Signs to know this Difeafe, is, the Horfe's Flanks will beat when
he Cougheth, and the flower they beat, the more old and dangerous is
the Difeafe : He will alfo draw his Wind ihort, and by a little at once :
He will groan much, be fearful and loath to Cough ^ and often turn his
Head to the place grieved : To conclude, he will never Cough, but he
will bring up Ibmething which he will champ in his Mouth afterThe Cure
is, give him two or three Ounces of Hogg's-Greale, and two or three
Spoonfuls of Diapente brewed in a quart of Barley- Water, wherein Cur-
rans have been Sodden. Other Farriers ufe to take a Pound of Licoras,
and being fcraped and fliced, to fteep it in a quart of Water four and
twenty hours \ then to *ftrain it, then to boil thiee or four Ounces of
Currans in it, and fo give it the Horfe to drink and keep him fafliiug three
or four hours after. There be other Farriers which ufe to take of Fe-
nugreek and Linfeed, of each half a Pound, of Gum-dragant, of Ma-
ftick, of Myrrh, of Sugar, of Fitch-Flower, of each one ounce ; let
all thele be beaten into fine Powder, and then infufed one whole Night
in
Lib; I; Of' Cures Phyfiraj 6^
in a good quantity of warm Wiiter, and the next Eay give him a quart cf
this luke-warm, patting thereto two Ounces of the Oil of Ro!es% ai.d this
you muft do many Days together^ and if the Difeafe be new, it will
certainly heiil •, if it be never fo old, it will alTuredly eale him, but in
jiny Cafe let him drink no cold Water: And for his Food, Grafs is the
moft excellent.
Others ufe (and it is the beft Cure) to take of Malmfey a Pint, of
Honey three iJpoonful!*, mix tiiem tot^ether, then tnko ol Myrrh, of
Saffron, of Caffia and Cinnamon, of each a like quantity, beat them to
a fine Powder, and give two Spoonfuls thereof in the Wine to drink, do
this at leaft a Fortnight together, and it is certain it^will help thefe Fret-
tized, and broken Lungs, but for the putrihed and rotten Lungs, we
will Ipeak more in the next Chapter.
Chap. LIIL Of the Putrified nnd Rotten Lungs.
THIS Difeafe of Rotten and Exulcerate Lungs, you Hiall know
bv thefe Signs : He will Cough oft and vehemently, and ever in his
Coughing he will cafl little reddiih Lumps out of his Mouth, he will de-
cay much in his Fleih, and yet eat his Meat with more greedinefs than
when he was found : And when he Cougheth, he will Cough with more
eafe and clearnels than if his Lungs were but only broken. The Cure
whereof, according to the Praftice of our ordinary Englifli Farriers, is,
to give the Horfe divers Mornings together a Pint of ftrong Vinegar
warm, or elfe as much of Man's Urine, with half ^o much HoggVGreafe,
brewed warm together.
But the more ancient Farriers take a good quantity of the Juice of ,^g;A
Purflain mixt with the Oil of Roles, adding thereunto a little Traga-
canthum, which hath before been laid to fteep in Goat's-Milk, or for
want thereof in Barley, or Oaten-Milk ftrained from the Corn, and give
him a pint thereof every Morning for feven Days together. This Me-
dicine is but only to ripen and break the Impoflhume, which you fhall
know if it hath done, becaufe when the Sore is broken, his Breath will
ftink exceedingly : Then fhall you give him the other feven Days this
Drink : Take the Root called Caftus, two Ounces, and of Caflia, or Ci-
namon, three Ounces beaten into fine Powder, and a few Raifins, and
give it him to drink, with a pint of Malmfey. Others ufe to take
of Frankincenfe and Ariftolochia,[of each two Ounces beaten into fine
Powder, and give the Horfe two or three Spoonfuls thereof, with a Pint
of Malmfey. Others take of unburnt Brimftone two Ounces, of Arifto-
lochia one Ounce and a half beaten to Powder, and give it the Horie with
a Pint of Malmfey.
I Chap.
66 Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. I.
Chap. LIV. Of Shortnefs of Breathy or Vurfmtfs.
THIS Difeafe of ihort BreJith or Purfinefs, may come two feveral
ways, that is, Naturally, or Accidentally : Naturally, as by the
iftraitnels of his Conduits, which convey his Breath, when they want Li-
berty to carry his Breath freely, or being cloyed up with Fat, force Stop-
pings and Obftruftions in his Wind-pipe, and thereby make his Lungs
labour, and work painfully. Accidentally, as by hafty running after
drinking, or upon full Stomach, by which Humours are compelled to
defcend down into the Throat and Lungs, and there ftoppeth thfe pafTage
of the Breath. The iigns of this Difeafe are continual panting and hea-
ving of his Body without any Coughing, great heat of Breath at his No-
i^rils, and a fqueezing or drawing in of his Nofe when he breatheth ;
befides a coveting to hold out his Head whilft he fetcheth his Wind.
The Cure, according to the Opinion of fome of our beft Farriers, is to
giva him in his Provender, the Kernels of Grapes, for they both fat
and purge \ and you muft give them plentifully. The warm blood of a
lucking Pig is excellent good alio. Other Farriers ufe to take Venus-
hair, Ircos, Aih-Keys, Licoras, Fenugreek, and Raifms, of each a dram
and a half; Pepper, Almonds, Borage, Nettle-feed, Ariftolochia, and
Col]oquintida,of each two Drams, Algaratium one Dram and a Half, Ho-
ney two Pounds, dilTolve them with Water, wherein Licoras hath beea
Ibdden, and give him one Pint every Morning, for three or four Morn-
ings. Others ufe to take MoUine, or Long-wort, and make a Powder
thereof, and give two Spoonfuls thereof with a Pint of running Water,
or elfe Powder of Gentian, in the aforefaid manner, and do it for divers
Mornings.
1;;;-?^ Others ufe to take of Nutmegs, Cloves, Galingal, Grains of Paradife,,
of each three Drams, Carraway-leed, and Fenugreek, a little greater
quantity, as much Satfron, and half an Ounce of Licoras *, beat them
^\\ into fine Powder, then put two or three Spoonfuls thereof to a Pint
of White-wine, and the Yolks of four Eggs, and give it theHorleto
<ilrink ; then tie his Head up high to the Rack for an Hour after ; That
done, either ride him, or walk him up and down gently, and keep him
fafting four or five Hours after at the leaft^ the next Day tu^rn him ta
Grafs, and he will do well. There be others which ufe to let the Horie
%lood in the Neck-vein, and then give him this Drink : Take of Wine
and Oil, of each a Pint, of Frankincenle half an Ounce, and of the
Juice of Hare-hound half a Pint, mix them well together, J^nd give him
to drink.
|l>-^ Others ufe to give him only iomewhat more than a Pint of Honer^
Hog's-Greafe, and Butter molten together, and let him drink it luke-
warm. Eggs made foft in Vinegar, as is ihewed in the Chapter of the
dryi
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, 67
■BMMIM^MM
xJry Ceugh, is excellent for this fhortnefs of Breath, lb you give the Eggs
•increafing, that is, the firft Day one, the fecond Day three, and the
third five ^ and withal, to pour a little Oil and Wine into his Noftils, is
very good aifo. There be other Farriers which ufe to take a Snake, and
cut cM her Head and Tail, and then take out the Guts and Entrails, boil
the reft in Water till the Bone part from the Flefti ^ then caft the Bone
away, and give every third Day of this I>ecoftion more than a Pint, till
vou have fpent three Snakes, and this is excellent good for the dry Cough
alfo.
Now the laft and beft Medicine for this fhortnefs of Breath, ('for in- "^
deed ill this Calel do not afFeft much Phyficking) is only to take Anni-
feeds, Licoras, and Sugarcandy, all beaten into very fine Powder, and
take four Spoonfuls thereof, and brew it well with a Pint of White-wine,
and half a pint of Sallet-Oil j and ufe this ever after your Horfe's Tra-
vel, and a Day before he is travelled.
Chap. LV. Of the Broken-mvded, Purfe-fick Horfe.
TH I S Difeafe of Brokec- winded, I have ever fmce I firft began to
know either Horfe or Horfe-leach-craft, very much difputed with
myfelf; and for many Years did conftantly hold (as I ftill do) that in
truth there is no fuch Diieale ; only in this I found by daily Experience^
that by over-hafty or fudden running of a Horfe (or other) prefently
after, or by long ftanding in the Stable with no Exercile and foul Food,
that thereby gro6 and thick Humours may be drawn down into the Horfes
Body lb abundantly, that cleaving hard unto the hollow Places of his
Lungs, and flopping up the Wind-pipes, the Wind may be fo kept in,
that it may only have its relbrt backward, and not upward, filling the
Guts, and taking from the Body great part of his Strength and Liveli-
hood ; which if from the corruption of our old Inventions, we call Bro-
ken-winded, then I muft needs confels, that I have feen many Broken-
winded Horfes. The figns of which Dileafe are thefe, much and vio-
lent beating of his Flanks, ,elpecially drawing up of his Belly upward,
great opening and railing of his Noftrils, and a continual fwift going
to and fro of his Tuel : Belides, it is ever accompanied with a dry and
heltow Cough. The Cure, I muft ^eeds fay in lb great an extremity,
(for it is the worft of ^11 the Evils of the Lungs, which are before fpo-
kenof) is moft delperate, but the pi^fervations and helps both to con-
tinue the Horfe's health, and his daily Service, are very many, as name-
ly, (according to the Opinion of »the ancient Farriers) to purge your
Horle by giving him this Drink : Take of Maiden-hair, Ireos, Alh, Li-
coras, FenugreekjBafnis, of each half an Ounce, of Cardamum, Pepper,
Bitter-Almonds, Borage, of each two Ounces, of Nettle-feed, and of
Ariftolochia, of each two Ounces, boil them all together inafuificient
I 2 quantity
6% Of Cures Phyficd, Lib. I.
quantity of Water, and in that Decoction diifolve half an Ounce of Aga-
rick, and two Ounces of Colloquintida, together with two Pound of Ho-
ney, and give him a Pint and a Half of this at a time,, for at kali a Week
together •, and if this Medicine chance at any time to prove too thick,
you ihall make it thin with Water, wherein Licoras hath been fodden ^
and feme Farriers, alfo befides this Medicine, will with a hot Iron draw
the Flanks of the Horfe to retrain their beating, and flit the Horfe's
Noftrlls to give the Wind more Liberty, but 1 do not alfeft either the
one or the other : The beft Diet for a Horfe in this Cafe, is Grafs in
Summer, and Hay fprinckled with Water in Winter. There be other
Farriers, which for this Infirmity hold, that to give the Horfe three or
four Days together fodden Wheat, and now and then a quart of new
fweet Wine, or other good Wine, mixt with Licoras-Water, is a certain
Remedy. There be otJier Farriers, which for this Difeafe take the guts
of a Hedge-hog, and hang them in a warm Oven till they be dry, fo that
a Man may make Powder of them : Then give your Horfe two or three
Spoonfuls thereof with a Pint ot Wine or ftrong Ale : Then the reft mix
with Annifeeds, Licoras, and fweet-Butter, and make round Balls or
Pills thereof, and give the Horfe two or three after his Drind : And fb
let him faft at leaft two or three Hours after. Now v/hen at any time-
you give him any Provender, be fure to waih it in Ale, or Beer ^ then.
take Cummin, Annifeqds, Licoras, and Century, of each a juft Quan-
tity, make them, being mixt together, into fine Powder, and ftrew two
fpoonfiils thereof upon the Provender, being wet,. This Phyfick muft
be ufed for a Fortnight at leaft. Others ufe to take of Cloves and Nut-
megs three Drams, of Galingale and Cardamomum three Drams, of Soot,
of Bay-feeds, and Cummin of each three drams, and make them' into
fine Powder,and put it into White-wine, being well tempered with a little
Saffron, then put to ^o many yolks of Eggs, as may countervail ithe
other quantity : Then mix them with Water, wherein Licoras hath been
lodden, making it fo tliin, that the Horfe may drink it, and after-he hath
Drank the quantity of a Pint and a Half, of tiis Dripk, tie up his Head
to the Rack, and let him fo ftand at leaft an lidur after, that the Drink,
may defcend into hi? Guts, the*i walk him gently abroad that the Medi-
cine may work \ and in any cafe give him no Water for the fpace of four
and.twenty Hours after : The next Morning give him fome Grafs to- eat,
and the Branches of Willows or Sallow, which will cool the heat of the
Potion.
Now there, be other Farriers which take of Pances, Long-wort, Mai-
den-hair, the Crops of Nettles, Carduus. Benediftus, Herb Fluetin,
the Roots of Dragonus bruifed, the Roots of Elicampane, bruifed, of
Warcr-hemp, of Penny-royal, of Light-wort, of Angelica, of each of
thfife a ^ood handful, or fo many of thefe as you can conveniently get :,
Bruife
Of Cures Phyfical 6^
Bruife them, and lay them all Kight in two or three Gallons of Water,
and give it a boil in the Morning, and let the Horfe drink thereof as
much luke-warm as he will, then after this Drink, give him a pretty-
quantity of fodden Wheat-, ule this Diet for a Week or more at the
leaft i and then if the Seafbn be fit, put him to Grafs. This Cure is
of great Reputation, and thought to help when all other fail : For mine
own part, I wifh every Man to jud3e it by the Praftice.
There be others, which only for nine or ten Days tegether, will give
their Horfe Water wherein Licoras hath been fodden, raixtwith Wine,
and hold it a moft fovereign help.
There be others, which will only give new Milk from the Cow, but
I defpair of that Cure, becaufe Milk being only Flegnaatick, Flegm is
the only fubftance of this Difeafe. Other Farriers ufe to keep the Hor(e
failing four and twenty Hours, then take a quart of Ale, a quarter of
an Ounce of Fenugreek, half a quarter of Bays, of the green Bark of
Elder-Trees, of Sugar-candy, of Water-creffes, of red Mints, of red
Fennel, of Haw-tree-Leaves, and of primrofe-Leaves, of each half an
Ounce, the Whites of fix Eggs •, beat thefe in a Mortar, and feethe them
in the Ale, give it him to drink, then let him faft after it two hours ;
then give him Meat and Provender enough, yet but a little Drink. O-
thers ufe to give him wet Hay, and moderate Travel: Then take twenty
Eg8;s, fteep them in Vinegar twenty four Hours, giving the Horfe two ■
every Morning, and after the Eggs are fpent, a Pottle of new Milk from
the Cow.
Now there be other Farriers, which only will diflblve in Vinegar, fif-
teen Eggs, and give the Horfe the firft Day three, the fecond Day five,
and the third Day feven, and hold it a good help. Others will take an
Ourxe of Frankincence, two Ounces of Brimflone, and mix it with a
pint of Wine, and half a pint of Honey. Others will take Sal-Nitre,
burnt with the Powder of Pitch, and give it with the iame quantity of
V/ine and Honey. Others will '- only- give Sal-Nitre mingled with his '
Meat, provided always, that in every Cure you keep your Horfe from
Cold and Labour, and daily chafe his Head with Oil and Wine. But of
this, look in the laft new Additions for the dry Cough, noted thus ^;^ .
Chap. LVI. Of tlxe.dry Malady^ or Confumftion.
THIS Difeafe of the dry Malady, or aFrthe ancient Farriers term
it, a general Conlumption, is nothing but ameer Exulceration of
the Lungs, proceeding from a Cankerous fretting and gnawing Humour,
ingendred by Cold and Surfeit, v/hich defcending from the Head, fick-
neth and corrodeth the Lungs. Some of our ignorant Farriers will call
itithe Mourning of the Chine, but they are thus far forth deceived-, that
the.:-.
70 Of Cnref Phy fecal. Lib. I.
the Mourning of the Chine doth ever caft fome filthy Matter froiathe
Nofe, and the dry Malady never cafteth forth any thing.
The Signs to know this dry Malady or Confumption, are theie : His
Fleih, and ftrong eftate of Body will confume and wafte away, the Belly
will be gaunt, his Back-bone hid, and his Skiii fo ftretched or ihrunk up,
that if you ftrike upon him with your hand, it will found hollow like a
Tabor ^ his Hair will hardly ihed, and either he will utterly deny his
Meat, or the Meat he eateth will not digeft, prolper, or breed any Fleih
on his Body ^ he will offer to Cough, but cannot, except in a faint man-
ner, as though he had eaten fmall Bones ^ and truly, according to the
Opinion of others, fo I find by mine own Praftice of fifty Years, that it
is incurable ^ yet that a Horie may be long preferved to do much Ser-
vice, I have found it by thefe helps : Firft, to purge his Head with fuch
Fumes and pills as are good for the Glanders, which you may find in the
Chapter of Turgations^ then give him Colewarts fmall chopt with his Pro-
vender, and now and then the blood of a fucking Pig warm.
There be other well-experienced Men, that inftead of the Blood, will
give either the Juice of Leeks mixt with Oil and Wine, or elfe Wii:e
lO* ^"d Frankincenfe, or Sallet-Oil, and the Juice of Rue mixt together :
But in my Conceit, the beft Cure, is, to purge his Body clean with com-
fortable and gentle Purges, and then to be fuffered to run at Grals,
both for a Winter and a Summer, and there is no queftion but he muft
necefiariiy end or mend, for languifh long he cannot.
Chap. LVII. Of the Canfetmption of the Fleps
THIS Diieafe which we call the Confumption of the Fleih, is an
unnatural ©r general diflike, or Falling away of the xvhole Body,
or, (as we term it,) the Wafting of the Fleih, which proceedeth from
divers Grounds ^ as namely, fi'om inward Surfeits, either by naughty
Food, or ill Diet, or from unclean, moill and ftinking Lodging, but
efpecially from diforderly Labour, as by taking great and fudden Colds,
after violent heat, or fuch like ', all which procure the wafting or falling
away of the Flefh. The Signs whereof are thefe : Firft, an unnatural
and caufelels Leannefs, a dry and hard Skin cleaving hard to his Sides,
want of Stomach or Appetite to his Meat, a falling away of his Fillets,
and a general Confumption both of his Buttocks and Shoulders: The Cure
whereof, according to the Ancients, is. To take a Sheep's Headunflayed,
■^nd boil it in a Gallon and a half of Ale, or Running- Water until the
Fleih be confamed from the Bones ; then ftrain it through a Cloath, and
put thereto of Sugar half a Pound, of Cinnamon one Ounce, of Con-
ier/e of Rofes, of Barberries, and of Cherries, of each one Ounce ;
mingle them together, and give the Horfe every Morning a Quart there-
of Juke-^varm, till two Sheeps-heads be fpent j and after every time he
drink-
^msimiimmi9»imimm
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfzcal. jj
drinketh, let him be gently walked or ridden up and down according to
his Strength, tfiat is, if the Weather be warm abroad ; if it be Cold
Rnd Wiijdy, then in the Stable or fome clofe Houfe, fufFering neither to
eat nor driiijc for two hoiurs after his Medicine ; and from cold Water
you fkail keep him the fpace of fifteen Days. Now for his ordinary
Food or Provender,you ft^ll repute that beft which he eateth beft, what,
ioever it be , and tte you ihall give him by little and little, and not any
grois or great qjaantity at once, becaule the abundance and glut of Food
taketh away both, the Appetite and Nutriment which fliould proceed from
wholelbme Feeding.
Chap. LVIII. How to waie a Lean Horfe Fat.
B Elides this general Confumption of a Horfe's Fleih, which for the
moft part, or altogether, proceedeth from Sicknefs ^ there is alfi>
another Confumption, or want of Fieih, which proceedeth from
Neihnels, Tendernels, Freeneis of Spirit, and the Climate under
which the Horle is Bred : as Namely, when a Ilorle that is Bred in
a Warm Climate comes to live in a Cold ^ or when a Horle that is Bred
upon a fruitful and rich Soil, comes to live in a Barren and dry Place^
In any of thele Cafes, the Horle will be Lean without any apparent fign
of Grief or Dileafe, which to recover, there be many Receipts and Me-
dicines •, as namely ,the Ancient Farriei*s did uie when a Horfe either grew
Lean without Sicknfs or Wound, or any known Diftemperature, to take
qiiuarter of a Peck of Beans, and boil them in two Gallons of Water
till they fwell orburft, then to mix with them a Peck of Wheat-bran,,
and lb to give it the Horfe in Manner of a Malh, ©r inftead of Proven-
der, for it will fat fuddenly. Others, and efpecially the Italians^ \yi]X<
take Colewarts, and having fodden them, mix them with Wheat-bran
aixl Salt, and give them inftead of Provender. There be others which -
take the fatty decoftion of three Tortoifes being \vell fodden, (their
Heads, Tails, Bones, and Feet being rejeftedj and giving it the Horfe,
iuppoie it fatteth prefently ^ or if you mix the flefh of the Tortoife lb
ibdden with your Horfe's Provender, that is good alio. But as the Simples
are Italian^ and not Englijh^ fo I for mine own part, refer the ufe rather
to them than to my Countrymen. There be others which ufe to fat up
their Horfes, by giving them a certain Grain which we call Bock, in the
feme manner as we give Oats or Peafe. There be others, which to fat a
Horfe win give him only parched Wheats and a little Wine mixed with
his Water, and among his ordinary Prpvender, always Ibme Wheat-^&ran^
and be exceeding careful that the Horfe be clean drelTed, well rubbed, ,
and foft littered ^ for v/ithout fuch clean Keepiiig, there is no Meat will
enjoy, or do good upon him ; and alio when he is fed, it muft be by little
at once, ^nd not llirfeited. There be other Fsurriers, which to feed up a
l:eaHi«
Of Cures Fhyjlcal: Lib. I.
wuijiii "■ ' " I I I I ir- II " -irr- " ■'•-iiii - ■-- '■■ii t I III.
Lean Horfe, will take Sage, Savin, Bay-berries, Earth-nuts, Bears-greafe,
to drink with a quart Wine. Others will give the Entrails of a Barbii,
or Tench with White-wine ; others will give new hot Draff, and new
Bran, and twenty hard roafted Eggs, the Shells being pulled off, then
bruife them, and then put thereto a pretty quantity of Salt, then mix
all together, and give a good quantity thereof to the Horfe at Morning,
Noon, and at Evening, for his Provender •, and once a Day (whicli will
be at high Noon) give him a quart or three pints of ftrong Ale, and
when the Horfe beginneth to be glutted upon this Meat, then give him
dried Oats : If he be glutted upon that, then give him Bread, if he leave
his Bread, give him Malt, or any grain that he will eat with good Ap-
pettie, obferving ever to keep the Horfe very warm, and with this Diet
in fourteen Days, the leaneft Horfe will be made exceeding fat. There
be other Farriers which to make a Horfe fat, will take a quart of Wine,
andhaLf an ounce of Brimi3;pne finely beateK with a raw Egg, and a pen-
ny-weight of the powder of Myrrh •, mix altogether, and give it the
Horfe to drink many Morning? together. Others will take three-leaved
Grafs, half green and half dry, and give it the Horfe inflead of Hay, by
little nt once, and it will fat fuddenly, only it will breed -much rank Blood.
Other Farriers ufe to take two penny worth of Pepper, and as much
Saffron, Annileeds and Turmerick, a penny-worth of Long-pepper, two
penny-worth of Treacle, a penny-worth of Licoras, a good qv^tity of
Penny-royal and Arch-Angel : Give the Horfe thefe with the yolks of
Eggs in Milk to drink. Others ufe to take Wheat made clean, and fbd
with Salt and Lard dried in the Sun, ^nd give it twice a Day before each
Watering. Others ftrong Ale, Myrrh, Sallet-Oil^ arid 'twenty grains
of white Pepper, and inftcad of the Ale you may take the Decoftion,
that is, the Water wherein Sage and Rue hath bein fodden, it will foon
make the Horfe fat. Others take fodden Beans well bruifed and fprink-
ied with Salt, adding to the Water four times lb much Bean- flower, or
Wheat-bran, and give that to the Horle, and it will fat him fuddenly*
Wine mixt with the Blood of a fucking Pig, made luke-ivarm, or Wine
with the Juice of Featherfew, or an ounce of Sulphur, and a penny-
weight of Myrrh well made into Powder, together with a new laid Egg,
will raife up a Horfe that languiiheth. Barley dried, or Barley boiled
t4ll it burft, either will fatten a Horle-
But the beft way of fatting k Horfe, ffor the meft of the ways before
prefcribed, are not to breed fat that will continue) is, firft to give your
,Horfe three Mornings together a pint of fweet Wine, and two fpoon-
fulsof Diapente brewed together : For that Drink will take away allln-
ie^ion and Sicknefs from the inward Parts ; then to feed him well with
Provender at leaft four times a Day, that is, after his Water in the Morn-
ng, after his Water at Moon, aft€r his Water in the Evening, and . af-
ter
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical. 6<^
ter his Water at nine of the Clock at Night. Now you iliall not let his
Provender be all of one fort, but every Meal it may be changed as thus :
If in the Morning you give him Oats, at Noon likewife you fliall give
him Bread, at Evening Beans or Pea(b mixt wichWhoat-bran, at Nigij'.;
Ibdden Barley, o-c and ever obferve of wliat Food he eateth beft, of ^
that let him have the greateft plenty, and there is no-X)uei!lion but he Vv'iU
in ihort fpace grow fat, found, and full of Spirit, without either Dil-
iike or Sicknefs.
Char, LIX. The Aiirror and A4afier of all Adcdlcines^ teaching how to make
the leanefi and unfoiindcfi Horfes that may be, fat, found, and Jit either for
JUarkct or Tiravely in the fpace of fourteen Days.
IF your Horfe be full of all inward Dileafes that may be,and brought to '^^--^^
that Diflike and Poverty that you are defperate of his Life, you itiall
takeofAnwifeedSjOfCummin-feedSjOf Fenugreek,ofCarthamus,of Elieam-
paiie^of the Flovvcr of Brimftone, of Brown Sugarcandy, of each of theie
two Ounces beaten and fearft to a very fine Powder,then take an Ounce of
the Juice of Licoras, and diiTolve it in half a Pint of White-wine, then
take three Ounces of the Syrup of Colts-foot, of Sallet-Oil, and o[-
Live-Honey, of each half a Pint ^ then mix all this with the former
Powders, and with as much Wheat-flower as will bind and knit them all
together, work them into a ftiff Pafte, and make thereof Balls as big as
French Wallnuts, Hulls and all, and lb keep them in a clofe Gally-pot,
an'd when you have occafion to ufe them, take one and anoint it with
Sweet-Butter, and give it the Horfe in the manner of a Pill, and ride him
a little after it, then feed and water him as at other times, and thus do
(if it be to prevent Sicknefs) for three or four Mornings together.
But if it be to take away Infirmity, as Glanders, &c. then ufe it at leafl
a W^eek or more.
But if to take away Molten Greafe, then inftantly after his Heat, and
in his Heat.
But if it be to fatten a Horfe, then ufe it at leaft a Fortnight : Now
as you give them thus in the manner of a Pill, lb you may give them
diliblved in fweet Wine, Ale, or Beer.
. Laftly, If it be to fatten a Horfe, then you fhall take the fecond Ballsy .^.^^
that is to f ly, of Wheat-Meal fix Pound, or as i hyficins write. Quantum
fufficitj of Annifeeds two Ounces, of Cummin-feeu3 fix Drams, of Car-
thamus one Dram and a half, of Fenugreek-feeds one Ounce two Drams,
of Brimftone one Ounce and a half, of Sallet-Oil one Pint two Ounces,
of Honey one pound and a half, of White-wine four Pints : This muft
be made into Pafte, the hard Simples being pounded into Powder, and
finely fearil, and' then well kneaded together, and lb made into.Balls as
big as a Man's Fift, and then every Morning andEveiiing when you wiouid
• K ■ Water
66 Of Cures Phyftcal. Lib. h
Water your Horfe, dilTolve into his cold Water one of thefe Balls, by-
lathering and chafing the fame in the Water, and then give it him to
drink. The Horfe it may be will be Coy at the firft to drink, but it is
no matter, let him taft till he take it •, for before two Balls be fpent, he
will refufe all Waters for this only. This is the Medicine above all
Medicines, and is truly the beft Scouring that can be given to any Horle
whatfoever : For befides his wonderful Feeding, it cleanfeth the Body
from all bad Humours whatfoever.
T
Chap. LX. Of the Breafi-^mn^ or Pain in the Breafi.
HougKmoft of our Farriers are not curious to underftand this Dif-
eaie, becaufe it is not fo common as others ^ yet both my felf
and others find it a Difeafe very apt to breed, and to indanger the
.Horle with Death. The Italians cail it Grandez.z,a di petto, and it pro-
ceedeth from the fuperliuity of Blood and other grofs Humours, which
being diffolved by fome extream and diforderly Heat, reforteth down-
ivard to the Breall;, and paineth the Horfe extreamly that he can hardly
go. The Signs are a ftiff daggering, and weak going with his Fore-
t,eg.^, and he can very hardly, or not at all bow down his Head to the
Ground, either to Eat or Drink, and will groan much when he doth
either the one or the other. The Cure is, Firft to Bathe all^his Breaft,
and Fore-booths with the Oil of Peter, and if that do not help him
within three or four Days, then to let him Blood on both his Breaft-
veins in the ordinary Place, and then put in a Rowel either of Hair,
Corn, Horn, or Leather, all of which, and the manner of Rowelling,
you fhall read in a more particular Chapter hereafter, in the Book of
Chirurgery.
E<?- Now there be other Farriers, which for this Sicknefs, will firft give
the Horfe an inward Drench, as namely, a Pint of fweet Wine, and two
Spoonflils of Diapente, then bathe all his Breaft and Legs with Wine and
Oil mingled together, and in fome ten or twelve Days it will take away
the Grief a
Chap. LXI. Of the Siclnefs of the Hearty sailed the Anticor.
THIS Sicknefs of the Heart, which by the Ancient Farriers is cal«
led Anticor, as much as to fay, againft or contrary to the Heart,
is a dangerous and mortal Sicknefs, proceeding from the great abun-
dance of Blood which is bred by too Curious and Proud Keeping, where
the Horfe hath much Meat, and little or no Labour, as for the moft
part your Geldings of Price have, which running all the Summer at
Grafs, do nothing but gather their own Food, and fuch like, where
the Matter's too much Love and Tendernefs is the Means to bring the
Horfe to his Death, as we find Daily in our Pradice 5 for when fuch
naughty
Lib. I. Of Cures thyfic^l^ ^y
naughty and corrupt Blood is gathered, it refbrteth to the inward Parts,
and fo fuifocateth his Heart. The Signs whereof are, the Horfe will
many times have a fmall SweMing rife at the bottom of the Breaft, which
Swelling will increafe and rife upward even to the top of the Neck of
the Horfe, and then moft afTuredly it kills the Horfe •, he will alfo hang
his Head either down to the Manger, or down to the Ground, forfaking
his Food, and groaning with much painfulnefs. This Difeafe is of ma-
ny an ignorant Smith taken fometimes for the Yellows, and fometimes foi'
the StaggerSjbut you fhall know that it is not by thefe Obfervations :Firft,
neither'^about the Whites of his Eyes, nor the infides of his Lips ihall you
perceive any apparent Yellows, and lb then it cannot be the Yellows, nor
will he have any great Swelling about his Eyes, nor Dizzinefs in his Head,
before he be at the point of Death ^ and fo confequeutly it cannot be the
Staggers. The Cure whereof is two-fold \ the firft, a Prevention or Pre-
fervative before the Difeale come ! the fecond, a Remedy after the Dif-
eale is apparent.
For the Prevention, or Prefervative, you fhall obferve, that if your «C^
Horfe live Idly, either at Grals or in the Stable, and withal grow very
fat, which Fatnefs is never unaccompanied with corruptnefs, that then
you fail not to let him Blood in the Neck-vein before you turn him to
Grafs, or before you put him to feed in the Stable •, and likewife let him
Blood two or thr^e Months after, when you fee he is fed, and at each
time of lettingBlood,you muft make yourQuantity according to the Good-
nefs of the Blood : For if the Blood be Black and Thick, which is a
fign of Inflammation and Corruption, you ihall take the more : If it be
pure Red, and Thin, which is a fign of Strength and Healthfulnefs,
you fhall take little or none at all. There be others which ufe for this
Prevention, to give the Horfe a Scouring or Purgation of Malmfey,
Oil, and Sugar-candy, the making and ufe whereof you fhall read in the
Chapter of Purgations, and this fhould be given immediately when you
put your Horfe to feed, and fbon you fhall fee his Skin full fwoln
with Fatnefs.
Now for the Remedy, when this Difeale fhall be apparent •, you fliall
let him Blood on both his Plat-veins, or if the Smith's Skill will not ex-
tend fo far,then you fhall let the Horfe blood on the Neck-veins,and that;
he bleed abundantly, then you fhall give him this Drink : Take a Quart
of Malmfey, and put thereunto half a quartern of Sugar, and^ two
Ounces of Cinnamon beaten to Powder, and being made warm give it the
Horfe to drink : Then keep him very warm in the Stable, fluffing him
round about with foft Wifps very clofe, efpecially about the Stomach,
left the Wind do annoy him •, and let his ordinary Drink be warm
Mafhes of Malt and Water, and his Food only that, whatfoever it be^
which he eateth with the befl: Stomach.
K2 3^ow
K9. Of Cures thyficd. Lib. I.
Kow if you fee any Swelling to appear, whether it be foft or hard
thep befides letting him Blood, you ihall ftrike the Swelling in divers
places with a Fleangi or Launcet, that the Corruption may iffue forth,
then anoint it with Hogs-greafe made warm : For that will either expel
it, or bring to a Head, efpecially if the Swelling be kept exceeding
warm. There be other Farriers' which for this Difeafe ufe to Jet the
Horfe Blood as is aforefaid, and then to give him a Quart of Malm-
fey, well brewed with three Spoonfiils of the Powder called Diapente,and
if' the Swelling arife, to lay thereunto nothing but Hay well Ibddenin
old Urine, and then keep the fame Diet as is afore faid : Others ule af-
ter the letting of Blood, to give the Horle no Drink, but only ten or
twelve Spoonfuls of that Water which is called Doftor Stevens's Water,
and is not unknown to any Apothecary ^ and then for the reft of the Cure,
to proceed in all things as is before Ipecified : and queftionlefs 1 have i^Qen
ftrange Effects of this Pradice.
C HA P. LXII. 0/ tired Horfes
SINCE we are thus far proceeded into the inward and vital Parts of
a Horfe's Body, it is not amils to fpeak fomething of the Tiring of
Hcrfes, and of the Remedies for the fame, becaule when a Horfe is
^ truly tired (as by over extream Labour) it is queftionlels that all his
.Vital Parts are made Sick and Feeble. For to tell you in more plainnefs
what Tiring is, it is when a Horfe by extream and uncelfant Labour,
liath all his biward and Vital Powers which fliould accompany and re Joyce
the Heart, expelled and driven outward to the outward Parts and lels
.deferving Members, leaving the Heart forlorn and Sick, inlbmuch that
*.a general and cold Faintnefs Ipreadeth over the whole Body, and weak-
neth it in-fuch fort that it can endure no further Travel, till thofe lively
Keats, Faculties and Powers be brought unto the natural and true Places
back again, and made to give Comfort to the Heart whom their Lois
Sickned.
Now for the Tiring of Horfes, though in tuith proceeding from no
other Cauie but this before-fpoken, yet in as m.iich as in our common
and vulgar Speech, we lay that every Horle that giveth over his Labour
is tired, you fhall underliand that fuch giving over may proceed from
four Caufes ^ The firft from inward Sicknefs \ The fecond from Ibme
Wound received either of Body or Limbs ^ The third from Dulnefs of
Spirit, Cowardlinels, or Reftinefs i^ And the fourth from moft extream
Labour and Travel, which is true Tirednefs indeed. Now for the firft,
which is inward Sicknefs, you ll;all look into the general Signs of every
Dileafe, and if you find any of thofe Signs to be apparent, you llitill
ftrait conclude on that Difeale, and taking away the Caule thereof j have
no Doubt but the Effe£l: of his Tiring will vaniili with the fame : For the
fecond
Lib. I, Of Cares FhyficaL 69
lecond, which is by fbme Wound received, as by cutting or difmembring
the Sinews, Ligaments, Mufcles, or by Straining or Stooming any Bone
or Joynt, or by Pricking in Shooing, or ftriking Kail, Iron, Stub or
Thorn into the Sole of the Horfe's Foot, and fuch like.
Since the firft is apparent to the Eye, by disjoyning the Skin, the
other by halting, you ihall take a furvey of your Horle, and finding
any of them apparent, look what the Grief is, repair to the latter part
of this Book, which treateth of Chyrurgery, and finding it there, uie
the Means prefcribed, and the Tiring will eafily be cured. Now for
the third, which is Dulnels of Spirit, Cowardlinefs or Reftinels, you
ilia 11 find them by thefe Signs ; if he have no apparent fign either of in-
ward Sicknefs, or outward Grief, neither Sweateth much, nor flieweth
any great Alteration of Countenance, yet notwithftanding Tireth, and
refufeth reafonable Labour, then fuch Tiring proceedeth from Dulnels
of Spirit ^ but if after indiiferent long Travel the Horfe Tire, and then
the Man delcending from his Back,the Horfe Run orTrot away as though
he were not tired, the Man then Mounting again, the Horfe utterly
refufes to go forward, fuch Tiring proceedeth from Cowardlinefs ; but
if a Horfe with one, two, or three Miles Riding being temperately
ufed, and being neither put to any trial of his Strength, nor, as it were,
fcarcely warmed, if he in his beft Strength refufe Labour, and Tire,
it proceedeth only from Reftinels, and 111 Conditions. Then for the
Cure of any of all thcle proceeding from Dulnefs, Fearfulnefs, and Un-
willingnefs, you ihall take ordinary Window-glafs, and beat into fine
Powder ^ then take up the Skin of each fide the Spur-vein between your
Fingar and your Thumb, and with a fine Awl or Bodkin, make divers
fmall holes through his Skin, then rub Glafs-Powder very hard into
thofe holes \ which done, Mount his Back, and do but offer to touch
his Side with your Heels, and be fure, if he have Life in him, he will
go forward, the greateil: fear being, that he will but ftill go too fail : but
after your Journey is ended, and you alighted, you muft not fail (be-
caufe this Powder of Gl-afs will corrode and rot his Sides J to anoint
both the fore places with the Powder of Jet and Turpentine mixt toge-
ther, for that will draw out the Venom, and heal his Sides again. There
be others which ufe when a Horfe is tired thus through dull Cowardli-
nefs or Reftinels, to thrufl a burning Brand or Iron into his Buttocks, or
to bring Bottles of Bit zing Straw about his Ears ^ there is neither of the
Cures but is. exceeding good.
But for the true tired Horfe, which tireth through a natural Faintnels,
drawn from ex.-eeding Labour, the Signs to know it, being long Travel,
much Sweat, a-d wiiliiguefs of Courfe during his Strength : The Cure
thereof, according to the d pinion of fome Farriers, is to pour Oil and
Vinegar into his Noftrils, and to give him the Drink of Sheep's-Heads^
mentis-
JO Of Cnref Fhyficd, Lib. I.
mentioned in the Chapter of the Co?ifumfUon of the Flejh, being the 57th
Chapter of this Book, and to bathe his Legs with a comfortable Bath,
of which you fhall find Choice in the Chapter of Baths, or elfe Charge
them with this Charge. Take of Bole-Armony, and of Wheat-Fower,
of each half a Pound, and a little Rofm beaten into fine Powder, and a
Quart of ftrong Vinegar, mingle them well together, and cover all his
L,egs therewith, and if it be in the Summer, turn him to Grafs and he
will recover his Wearinefs. Others ufe to take a flice of frefh Beef,
having fteeped it in Vinegar, lap it about your Bitt or Snafflle, and ha-
ving made it faft with a Thred, Ride your Horfe therewith, and he will
hardly Tire : Yet after your Journey is ended, be fure to give your Horfe
reft, much Warmth and good Feeding, that is, warm Mafhes and ftore
of Provender, or elfe he will be the worfe whihl he lives.
Now if it be fo, that your Horfe Tire in fuch a Place as the Neceffity
of your Occafions are to be preferred before the Value of your Horle,
and that vou muft feek unnatural Means to controul Nature ^ in this
Cafe you i>Lall take fwhere the Powder of Glafs before Ipoken of cannot
be had) three or four round Pebble-Stones, and put them int© one of his
Ears, and then tie the Ear that the Stones fall not out, and the Noife
of thofe Stones will make the Horfe go after he is utterly tired ; but if
that fail, you fliall with a Knife make a hole in the flap of the Horfe 's
Ear, and thrufl a long rough Stick full of Nicks through the fame ;
and ever as the Horfe flacks his Pace, fo faw and fret the Stick up and
down in the hole ^ and be fure, whilfl: he hath any Life he will not leave
going.
Many other Torments there are which be needlefs to rehearfe, only
this is my mofl: general Advice, if at any time you tire your Horfe, to
take of old Urine a Quart, of Salt-peter three Ounces, boil them well
together, and bathe all the Horie's four Legs in the fame, and without
Queftion it will bring the Sinews to their natural Strength and Nimblenefs;
and for other Defers, warm and good Keeping will Cure them.
And although Ibme of our Northern Farriers do hold, that Oaten
Dough will prevent Tiring, yet I have not approved it fo, becaufe I
could never get any Horfe that would eat it, the Dough will lb flick and
clam in the Horfe's Mouth. Therefore 1 hold the Cures already recited
to be fully fufficient. But for farther Satisfa£lion ufe thefe' which I refer-
ved for mine own Privacy.
Take a Quart of ftrong Ale, and put thereto half an Ounce of the
Powder of Elicampane, and brew them well together, and give it the
Horfe with a Horn.
Take a Bunch of Penny-royal, and tie it to the Mouth of your Bitt
or Snaffle, and it will prefer ve a Horfe from Tiring. Now if all thefe
fail, then take off your Horfe's Saddle, and rub his Back all over very
hard
Ob. I. Of Cures FhyficaL
hard with the Herb called Arfemart, and lay Arfemart under his Saddle,
and fo ride him.
Chap. LXII. Of the Dlfeafes of the Stomach, and firfi of the loathing
of Meat.
THIS Difeafe of the loathing of Meat, is taken two Ways •, the
one a forfaking of Meat, as when a Horfe's Mouth, either through
the Inflammation of his Stomach, doth break out into Blifters, or fuch
like venemous Sores, or when he hath the Lampafs :, Gigs, Wolfs-teeth,
and flich like. The Cure of all which you ihall readily find in the fecond
Part of this Book, which treateth of Chirurgery : The other diflike of
his Meat, through the I ntemperature of his Stomach, being either too
hot, as proceeding either from thicknels of Blood, or extremity of
Travel, as you may perceive by daily Experience, when a Horfe is fet
up in his Stable very hot, and Meat inftantly given him, it is all things
to nothing, but he will loath and refule it. Hence it comes, that 1 do
ever hate the Noon-tide Baiting of Horles, becaule Mens Journeys com-
monly crave Hafte, the Horfe cannot take fuch a natural Cooling as he
ought before his Meat, and thereby breeds much Sicknefs and Difeafe :
For Meat given prefently after Travel when a Horfe is hot, is the Mo-:
ther of all Infirmity : Or elfe it proceedeth from the Intemperature
of the Stomach, being too cold, as being caufed by fbme natural Defeft.
Now if it preceed from heat only, which you fhail know either by his
fudden loathing of his Meat, or the extream heat of his Mouth and
Breath ^ then to cool his Stomach again, you fhall wafh his Tongue with
Vinegar, or give him to drink cold Water mingled with Oil and Vinegar»
There be other Farriers which ufe to give this Drink : Take of Milk
and Wine, of each one Pint, and put thereunto Mel Rofatum three
Ounces, and having wafhed his Mouth with Vinegar and Salt, give him
the Drink luke-warm with a Horn. But if the loathing of his Meat
proceed from the coldnefs of his Stomach, which only is known by the
ftanding up and ftaring of the Hair •, then by the Opinion of the ancient
Farriers, you Ihall give him Wine and Oil mixt together divers Morn-
ings to drink : But others of our late Farriers give Wine, Oil, Rue,
and Sage, boiled together by a Quart at a time to drink. Others to the
former Compound will add White Pepper and Myrrh. Others ufe to
give the Horfe Onions pilled and chopt, and Rocket-feed boiled and
bruifed in Wine. Others ufe to mix Wine with the Blood of a Sow-
Pig. ISIow to conclude, for the general forfaking or loathing of Meat^
proceeding either from hot or cold Caufes in the Stomach, there is no-
thing better than the green Blades of Com, (efpecially Wheatj being
given in a good quantity, and that the time of the Year ferve for the ga-
thering thereof Others inftead thereof, will give the Horle fvveet Wine^
_ and
•en
7^ Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
and the Seeds of Gith mixt together, or elfe fvveet Wine and Garlick
well pilled and ftampt, being a long time brewed together.
Chap. LXIII. Of the cafii?ig out of the Horfe's Drinh
TH E ancient Farriers, efpecially the Italians ^ conftantly do affirm,
that a Horfe may have fuch a Paliie, proceeding from the cold-
nefs of his Stomach, that may make him unable to retain and keep his
Drink, but that many times he will vomit and caft it up again : For
mine own Part frOm other Caufes, as from Cold in the Head, where
the Rheume bindeth about the Roots and Kernels of the Tongue hath
as it were ftrangled, and made ilrait the Paffages to the Stomach ^ there
I have many times leen a Horie caft his Water that he drank, in very
abundant fort back again through his Noftrils, and fometimes ftrive
with great Earneftnefs to drink, but could not all. The figns of both
(from which Caufe Ibever it proceed) is only the cafting up of his Drink
or Water, and the Cure thereof is only to give him Cordial and warm
Drinks, as is Malmley, Cinnamon, Annileeds, and Cloves, well brewed
and mixt together, and to anoint his Breaft, and under his Shoulders,
with the Oil of Cyprefs, Oil of Spike, or the Oil of Pepper, and to
purge his Head with Fumes or Pills, fuch as will force him to Sneeze,
of which you may fee ftore in a Chapter following • for fuch Fumi-
gation joyning with thefe hot Oils, will foon diffolve'the Humours.
Chap. LXIV. Of Surfeiting with glut of Troiender.
^TT^ HERE is not any Difeafe more eafily procured, nor more dan-
\ gerous to the Life of a Horfe, than the Surfeit which is taken by
the glut of Provender, it cometh moft commonly by keeping the Horle
extream Iharp and hungry, as either by long Travel, or long ftanding
Empty ^ and then in the height of Greedinefs, giving him fuch fuper-
abundance of Meat, that his :^tomach wanting Strength to digeft it, all
the whole Body is driven into an infinite great Pain and Extremity.
Thele iigns are great Weaknefs and Feeblenels in the Horfe's Limbs, ^o
that he can hardly ftand, but lieth down oft, and being down, wal-
loweth and tumbleth up and down as if he had Bots.
The Cure thereof, according to the common Practice of our common
Farriers, is, To take half a Penny worth of Black Soap, and a Quart of
new Milk, and as much liveet-Butter as Soap, and having on a Chafing-
difh and Coals, mixt them together, give it the Horfe to drink, this will
cleanfe the Horfe's Stomach, and bring it to its ftrength again.
But the ancient Farriers did ule firft, to let the Horfe Blood in the
Neck-vein, becaufe every Surfeit breeds Diftemperature in the Blood,
^. then Trot the Horfe up and down an hour or more, and if he cannot
Stale, draw out his Yard, and wafli it with White- wine made luke-warm,
and
•-^-a
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfir^l. 75
and thruft into his Yard either a Clove of Gar lick, or a little Oil of C->
momiie, with a piece of fmall Wax-candle. If he cai not Dung, tidt
with your Hand Rake his Fundament, and give him a Clifter, of which
you ihall read hereafter ', when his Clifter is received, you ihall Walk
him up and down till he have emptied his Belly, then let him up, and
keep him hungry the Ipace of three Days, obiervir.g ever to iprinkle the
Hay he eateth with a little Water, and let his Drink be warm Water and
Bran made Maih-wife : After he hath drank the Drink, let him eat the
Bran if he pleafe, but from other Provender keep him ftill fafdng, at the
lea ft ten Days.
There be other Farriers, that In this Cafe, ufe only to take a Quart
of Beer or Ale, and two Pennyworth of Sallet-Oil, and as much Dra-
goi]-water, a Pennyworth of Treacle, and make all thefe warm upon the
Coals, tlien put in an Ounce of Cinnamon, Annifeeds, and Cloves, all
beaten together, and fo give it the Hbrfe luke-warm to Drink.
All thefe Receipts are exceeding good •, yet for mine own Part, and
many of the beft Farriers confirm the lame, 1 think there is nothing bet-
ter for this Difeafe than moderate Exercife, much Fafting, and once in
four or five Days a Pint of fweet Wine, with two Spoonfuls of the Pow-
der of Dia^ente.
Chat. LXV. Of Fou-ridrlng In the Body^ being d Surfeit got either hy Meaty
Drinky or Labour.
THIS Difeafe of Foundring in the Body, is of all Surfeits the moft
vile, moft dangerous, and m oft incident to Horfes that are daily
travelled ^ it proceedeth according to the Opinion of fome Farriers, from
eating of much Provender fuddenly after Labour ^ the Horfe being then,
as jt were, panting hot, fas we may daily fee unskilful Horie-men do at
this Day) whereby tlie Meat which the Horfe eateth, not being digefted,
breedeth evil and grofs Humours, which bv little and little fpread them-
felves through the Members, do at length Opprefs and almoft Confound
the whole Body, abfolutely taking away from him all his Strength, iii-
fomuch that he can neither go nor bow his Joints, nor being laid, is able
to rife again : Befides, it taketh away from him his Inftrumental
Powers, as the Office both of Urine and Excrements, which cannot be
performed but with extream Pain. There be other Farriers, and to their
Opinion I rather lean, that fuppofe it proceedeth from f alfering the Horfe
to drink too much in his Travel, being very hot, whereby the Greafe
being fuddenly cooled, it doth clap about, and fulibcate the inward
Parts^with fuch a loathfbme Fulnefs that without fpeedy Evacukilon,
there'can be no hope but of Death only. Now whereas ibme Farriers
do hold, that his Foundring in the Body, ihould be no otlier than the
Foundring in the Legs, becaufe iti is (lay tliey) a meltini^ and difFolution
L ' ^ of
74 ^f ^^^^^ Phyfecal, Lib. I.
of evil Humours which refort downward, they are much deceived j for
it is not, as they hold, a dixTolution of Humours, but rather a binding
together of corporal and fubftantial Evils, which by an unnatural Ac-
cident doth torment the Heart. Kow for the hold which they take of
the Name of Foundring, as if it were drawn from the French Word
Fur.du, fignifying Melting ^ truly 1 think it was rather the Ignorance of
our old Farriers, which knew not how to Entitle the Difeafe, than any
coherence it hath with the Name it beareth : For mine own Part, I am
of Opinion, that this Difeafe which we call Foundring in the Body,
dothnot only proceed from the Caufes aforefaid, but alfo and moft of-
teneft by fudden Wafhing of Horfes in the Winter-feafon, when they
are extream Fat and Hot with inftant Travel, where the cold Vapour of
the W'^ater ilriking into the Body, doth not only aftoniih the inward and
Vital Parts, but alfo freezeth up the Skin, and maketh the Blood to lofe
his Office. Now the Signs to perceive this Difeale are, holding down of
his Head, ftarting up of his Hair, Coughing, Staggering behind. Trem-
bling after Water, Diilike of his Meat, Leannefs, Stiff-going, Difability
to Rife when he is Down ; and to conclude, which is the chiefeft Sign of
all other, his Belly will be clung up to his Back, and his Back rifen up-
like a Camel.
i&O'* The Cure, according to the Opinion of the Farriers, is, Firft to Rake
his Fundament, and then to give himaClifler^ which done, and tliat
the Horie's Belly is emptied, then take of Malmfey a Quart, of Sugar
half a Quartern, of Cinnamon half an Ounce, of Licoras and Annifeeds,.
of each two Spoonfuls beaten into fine Powder ^ which being put
into the Malmfey, warm them together at the Fire, lb that the Honey
may be molten, then give it the Horle luke-warm to Drink, which done,
walk him up and down either in the warm Stable, or fome warm Road
the Ipace of an Hour, then let him ftand on the Bitt fafting two Flours
more, only let him be warm Cloathed, Stopt and Littered, and when
you give him Hay, let it be fprinkled with Water, and Jet his Provender
be very clean fifced from Duft, and given by a little at once •, and let his
Drink be warm Maihes of MaltandWater.Now when you fee him recover
and get a little Strent2;th, you ihall then let him Blood in the Neck- vein,
and once a-Day perfume him with Frankincenfe to make him Sneeze,and
life to give him Exercife abroad when xh.Q Weather is Warm, and in the
Houfe when the Weather is Stormy.
Now there be other Farriers which ufe for this Difeafe, to take a Half-
penny-worth of Gar lick. Two-penny-worth of the Powder of Pepper,
Two-penny-worth of the Powder of Ginger, Two-penny-worth of -Grains
feruifed and put all thefe into a Pottle of ftrong Ale,and give it the Horle
to Drink by a Quart at a time,Dieting him and Ordering him as aforefaid^
and when he getteth Strength, either let him Blood in the Neck-vein,
or
Lib. 1. Of Cures Phyftcal, 75
or the Spur-veins, or on both. To conclude, there is no Drink nor Diet
which is comfortable, but it is moft fovereign good for this Infirmity.
Chap. LXVI. Of the Greedy Worm, or Hungry 'Evil in Horfes.
THIS Hungry Evil is a Difeafe more common,than found out by our
Farriers, becaufe the moft of our Horfe-Mafters being of great Ig-
norance, hold it a fpecial Virtue to fee a Horfe eat eagerly ^ whereas in-
deed this over-hafty and greedy Eating, is more rather an liiftrmity and
Sicknefs of the Inward-Parts ^ and this Difeafe is none other than an
Infatiate and greedy Eating, contrary to Nature and old Cuftom, and for
the inoft Part, it followeth fome extream great Emptinel's or want of
Natural Food, the Beaft being even at the Pinch, and ready to be Chap-
fallen. There be fome Farriers which fuppofe, that it proceedeth from
fome extream Cold outwardly, taken by Travelling in Cold and Barren
Places, as in the Froft and Snow, where the outward Cold maketh the
Stomach Cold, whereby all the inward Powers are weakened. The Signs
are only an Alteration or Change in the Horfe's Feeding, having loft all
Temperance, and Snatching and Chopping at his Meat, as if he would
devour the Manger : Thfe Cure, according to the Opinion of fome Far-
riers, is, firft to comfort his Stomach by giving him great Slices of
White Bread tofted at the Fire, and fteeped in Muskadine, or elfe Bread
untofted, and fteeped in Wine, and then to let him drink Wheat-flower
and Wine brewed together. There be others that ufe to knead ftiff
Cakes of Wheat-flower and Wine, and feed the Horfe therewith. O-
thers ufe to make him Bread of Pine-Tree-Nuts and Wine mingled toge-
ther, or elle common Earth and Wine mingled together. But for mine
own part, 1 hold nothing better than moderately feeding the Horfe ma-
ny times in the Day with wholefome Bean-bread, well baked, or Oats
well dried and fifted.
Chap. LXVII. Of the Difeafcs of the Liver in general, and firfi of the In-
flammation thereof.
THERE is no Queftion but the Liver of a Horfe is fubjeft to as «C^
many Difeafes, as either the Liver of a Man or any other Creature^ "^
only through the Ignorance of our common Farriers, fwho make all in-
ward Difeafes one Sicknef^^ j the true Grounds and Caufes not being look-
ed into, the Infirmity is let pafs, and many times poifoned with falle
Potions ^ but true it is, that the Liver Ibmetimes by the Intemperatenefs
thereof, as being either too hot, or too cold, too moift, or too dry, or
Ibmetimes by means of evil Humours, as Choler, or Flegm overflowing
in the fame. Heat ingendring Choler, and Coldnefs Flegm, the Liver
IS fubje£l to many Sicknefles, and is diverfly pained, as by Inflammations,
Apofthumation, or Ulcer, or by Obftruftions, Stoppings, or hard
L 2 Knobs;
7 6 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
Knobs ^ or laftly, by the Confamptioa of the whole Subftance thereof.
The Signs to know if the Difeafe proceed from hot Caules, is Leanneis
of Body, the Loathing of Meat, voiding Dung of a ftrong Scent, great
Thirft, and Loofenefs of Belly. The figns to know if the Difeafe pro-
ceed f-om cold Cauies, is good State of Body, Appetite of Meat, Dung
not ftinking, no Thirft, and the Belly neither loole nor Coftive. Now to
proceed to\he particular Difeafes of the Liver, and Firft of the Inflam-
mation, you iiiall underftand that it cometh by Means that the Blood
through the Abundance, Thinnefs, Boiling heat, or Sharpnefs thereof,
or through the violence of fome outward Gaufes breaketh out of the
Veins, and floweth into the Body or fubftance of the Liver, and lb being
dilpoifeffed of proper Veffels, doth immediately putrify, and is infla-
med, corrupting fo much of the iieflily Subftance of the Liver, as is
either touched or imbrued with the fame ^ whence it cometh, that for the
moft part, the hollow fide of the Liver is firfl confumed, yea, fometimes
the full fide alio : This Inflammation by a natural heat is fometimes
turned to Putrefaction, and then is called an Apofthumation ^ which when
either by the ftrength of Nature or Art, it doth Break and Run, then
it is called anUlcer or filthy Sore,Now the figns of an Inflammationon the
hollow fide of the Liver, (which is the leaft hurtful) is loathing of Meat,
i^reat Thirft, Loofenefs of Belly, and a continual unwillingnels to lie
on the Left Side : But if the Inflammation be on the full fide of the Liver,
then the figns be. Short-breathing, a dry Cough, much Pain, when you
liandle the Horfe about the Wind-pipe,and an unwillingnefs to lie on the
Right-fide. The figns of Apofthumation is great Heat, long fetching
of Breath, and a continual looking to his Side. The figns of Ulceration
is continual Goldnef-5, ftarting up of his Hair, and much Feeblenefs and
Fainting, becaufe the filthy Matter cafting evil Vapours abroad, doth
many times corrupt the Heart, and occafion Death. Now for the Cur/e
of thefe Inflammations, fome Farriers ufe to take a Qiiart of Ale, an
Ounce of Myrrh, an Ounce of Frankincenfe, and biewing them well
together, give it the Horfe divers Mornings to drink. Others ufe to
take three Ounces of the Seeds of Smallage, and three Ounces of Hyf-
fop and as much Southern-wort, and boil them -.veil in Oil and Wine
mingled together, and give the Horfe co d* ink •, keep the Horfe Warm,
and let him neither drink cold Water, nor eat dry dufty Hay.
Chap. LXVIII. Of OhfiruSiions, Stofpings, or hard Knobs 6n the Liver.
THESE Obftruaions or ftoppings of a Horfe's Liver do come
moft commonly by Travelling or Labour on a full Stomach, whei'e-
by the Meat not being perfeftly digefted, breedeth grofs and tough Hu-
mours, which Humours by the extremity of Travel, are violently dri-
ven into the fmall Veins, through which the Liver ought to receive good
jNutri-
Lib. L Of Cures Phyfical. 77
Nutriment, and fo by that Means breedeth Obftru£lions and Stoppings.
Now from thefe Obftruftions, (when they have continued any long time)
efpecially if the Humours be Cholerick, breedeth many times hard
Knobs on the Liver, which Knobs maketh the Horfe continually lie on
his Right-lide, and never on the Left ; becaufe if he iliold lie on the Left
fide, the weight of the Knobs would opprefs the Stomach, and even
ilcken all the Vital parts of him.
The iigns of thefe Obllrudions and Stoppings, are heavinefs of Coun-
tenance, Diftention or Swelling, great Duhiefs and Sloath in the Horfe
when he beginneth his Travel, and a continual looking back to his Ihort
Ribs, where remaineth his greateft Pain and Torment. Now the Cure
thereof, is, to feethe continually in the Water which he drinketh, Agri-
mony, Fumitory, Camomill, Wormwood, Licoras, Annileeds, Smal-
lage, Parfley, Spikenard, Gentian, Succory, Endive and Lupins, the
Virtues whereof are mofl Comfortable to the Liver. But forafmuch as
the moft part of our Engliih Farriers are very fimple Smiths, whofe
Capacities are unable to dive into thefe feveral Diftin^Vions, and that this
Work (or Mafter-piece) is intended for the weakeft Brain whatfoever,
youiliall underftand, that there be certain general fi^ns to know when
the Liver of a Horfe is grieved with any Grief, of what Nature or Con-
dition foever it be ^ and fo likewife general Receipts to cure all the
Griefs, witliout dilHnguiiliing or knowing their Natures : You ihall
Ifnow then if a Horfe have any Pain or Grief in his Liver by thele figns :
Firft, by a Loathing of his M^ats, next by the wafting of his Fleih,
dryneis of his Mouth, and roughnefs of his Tongue,- and great fxvelling
thereof, and refufmg to lie on the fide grieved ^ and laftly, a continual
looking backward.
Now the general Cure for the Sicknefs of the Liver, is, according to
the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, to give the Horfe Aloes diflblved
into fweet Wine, for it both purgeth and comforteth the Liver. Others
u(e to give him to drink Ireos ftampt and mixt with Wine and Water
together, or inftead of Ireos, to give him Calamint, called of the Latins
Polimonia. Others give Savory with Oil and Wine mixt together. O-
thers ufe Liverwort and Agrimony with Wine and Oil. Others ule
comfortable Friftions, and to fteep his Provender in warm Water, and
to mix with his Provender a little Nitrum, not forgetting to let him
ftand warm, and lie foft : But that which is generally praifed above all
Medicines, is, to give the Horfe a W^olf 's Liver beaten to Powder, and
mix either with Wine.. Water, Oil, or or any other Medicine. ^^
Now for a Conclufion of this Chapter: If the Farrier's Skill be fb <£^
good that he can diftinguilh the Nature of each feveral Infirmity about
the Liver ^ then I would have him for to underftand- that for Inflamma-
tions (which are the ftrft beginners of all Difeafes) would be ufed Simples
th?.t
8 Of Curef Phyftcal, Lib. I.
that mollify and difperfe Humours, as by thefe, Linfeed, Fenugreek,
Camomile, Annifeed^, Mellilot, and fuch like , to which mollifying
Simples, would be ever added Ibme Simples that are Aftringent or Bind-
ing, as are tliele, Pved-Rofe-Leaves, Bramble-Leaves Wormwood, Plan-
tain, Myrrh, Maitick, Storax, and fuch like. Now for Apofthumes,
they are to be ripened and voided, and Ulcers muil: be cleanfed and fcou-
red downward, either by Excrement or Urine, and therefore the Ufe of
liich Simples as provoke either the one or the other, (of which you ihall
find plenty in other Chapters) is moft necelTary.
Chap. LXIX. Of the Confumpion of the Liver.
OF the Gonfumption of the Liver, I have fpoken fomething in the
Chapter of the Mourning of the Chine : Yet becaufe amcngft our beft
Farriers it is diverfly taken, I will iliew you their divers Opinions. Firfi,
Some hold it cometh only from fudden Cold after Heat, taken either by
drinking or ftanding ftill. Others hold it cometh of any Humour, efpe-
cially of Cholerick Matter, Ihed throughout the whole Subftance of the
Liver, which rotting by leillirable degrees, doth in the End corrupt and
confound all the Subftance of the Liver, proceeding as they think, from
corrupt Meats and iweet Drinks. And the laft thinketh it cometh by
extream heat gotten in Travel, which inflaming the Blood, doth after-
ward Putrify, "Corrupt, and Exulcerate the whole fubftance of the Li-
ver •, becaufe the Liver is Spongeous like the Lungs, therefore the Cure
of this Difeafe is held defperate •, yet it bringeth no fpeedy or fudden
Death, but a wafting and lingring Infirmity : For the Liver being cor-
rupted, Digeftion is taken away, and fo the Body for want of good Nu-
triment, doth in time confume. The figns of this Difeafe is a loathing
of Meat, and a ftretching forth of the Horfe's Body at length as he
flandeth, he will feldom or never lie down, his Breath will ftink marvel-
loufiy, and he will continually caft exceeding foul Matter, either at one
Noftril, or both, according as one fide, or both fides of the Liver is
confumed-, and on that fide which he cafteth,he will ever have betwixt his
neather Jaws, about the middle of them, a hard Knob or Kernel about
the bignefs of a Wall-nut. Now the prefervative of this Difeafe, (for
in Truth it is Incurablej is, according to the Opinion of fome Farriers,
take half a Pint of Malmfey, and as much of the Blood of a young Pig,
and to give the Horle L.uke-warm to drink. Other Farriers ufe to give the
Horfe no other Food for the fpace of three Days, than Worm-wort, and
Oats baked in an Oven, being fure that the Horfe be kept fafting the firft
Night before he receive his Medicine. Others fuppofe,that if into theWort
which he driketh,you do put every Morning two or three Spoonflils of the
Powder made of Agrimony, Red-Rofe-Leaves, Saccharum Rofaceum,
Diarrhadon Abbatis,"Difantelon, Licoras, and of the Liver of a Wolf,
that
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, jp
that is more excellent. Others hold that this Powder given with Goats
Milk Luke-warm, is very good. Others hold that Malmfey, and the
Juice of Featherfew given to drink is alio good.
Others ufe fand hold it equal with the beft) to take an Ounce of Sul-
phur, Vive, beaten into fine Powder, and a Penny-weight of Myrrh
beaten into fine Powder, mix them together with a New-laid Egg, and
give them to drink with half a Pmt of Malmfey ^ ule this divers times,
and keep the Horfe fafting, yet feparate him from other Horfes, for this
Difealeis Infedious.
C H A p. LXX. OJ the Blfeafcs of the Gall.
AS is the Liver, even fo the Gall of a Horfe is fubjeft to divers and
many Infirmities, as to Obftruftion, according to the Opinion of
old Farriers ^ from whence lioweth the Fulnefs and Emptinels of the
Bladder, and Stone in the Gall. And thefe Obftruftions do Chance two
feveral Ways . Firft, When the Palfage by which Choler ihould pals
from the Liver unto the Bladder of the Gall, as unto his proper Recep-
.tacle, is flopped, and fo the Bladder of the Gall remaineth Empty : For
you are to underftand, that the Gall is none other thing than a lone;
flender, little greeiiiih Bladder fixed underneath the "Liver whicli
doth receive all the Cholerick bitter Moifture, which would o'therwife
olfend not only the Liver, but the whole Body alfo. Now if the Pal-
fage of this neceffary Veffel be flopped, there cannot chufe but follow
many h^firmities, as either Vomiting, the Lax, the Bloody-Flux or the
Yellows. '
Secondly, When the Way whereby fuch Choler Ihould ifTue forth
of the Bladder of the Gall, down into the Guts and Excrements, is
clofed up, aixi fo fuperaboundeth with too much Choler ; from whence
Ipringeth dulnefs of Spirit, Suffocating, Belching, Heat, thirft, and
dilpofition to Rage and Fury • and truly to any Beaft, there is not a more
dangerous Difeafe, than the Overflowing of the Gall : But our latter Ex-
perience findeth, that a Horfe hath no Gall at all • but that filthy and
corrupt Matter is wafted and fpent, either by Sweat, Exercife, or elfe
doth turn to hifirmity. The Signs of both thefe kinds of Evils, or Ob-
Itrudions, are Yellownefs of the Skin, infeded with the Yellow-Jaundife, ^
and. a continual Coftivenefs of the Body : and the Cures of them are, "^
according to the moft ancient Farriers, to give the Horfe Milk, and
gr^t itore of Saffron boiled together, or inftead of Milk, to give Ale,
Saltron and Annileeds mixt together. But tliere be other Farriers,
with whom 1 more do agree, which hold, that Selladine-Roots and
Leaves chopt and bruifcH, and boiled in Beer • or for want of Selladine,
Kue, or Herb of Grace, and given the Horfe Luke-warm to drink, is
molt lovereign.
Kow ■
go Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
Now for the Store in the GaD, which is of a Biackifh. Colour, it co-
meth from the Obil:ruftion of the Conduits of the Bladder, whereby
the Choler being too long kept in, becometh dry. and fo converteth firft
into Gra\^el, and after into a ibllid and hard Stone, of which both the
Signs and Cures are thole laft before rehearfed.
C H A p. LXXI. Of all fuch Difeafes as are incident to the Spleen*
f"nr^ H E Spleen is a long, narrow, fiat, fpongy Subftance, of a Pale
JL Fleihy Colour, joyning with the Liver and the Gall, it is the Re-
ceptacle of Melancholy, and the dregs of the Blood, and is as fubjeft
to hifirmity as any inward Member whatfbever, as to Inflammations, Ob-
ftrudions. Knobs, and Swellings ", it is through the Sponginefs, apt to
iiick in all manner of Filth, and to dilate and fpread the fame over the
whole Body , The appearance thereof is on the Left-fide under the Short
Ribs, where you fhall perceive Ibme fmall Swelling, which SweUing
gives much Grief to the Midriff, efpecially after a full Stomach, taking
away much more of the Horfe's Digefl:ion than his Appetite, and being
fufFered to continue, it makes faint the Heart, and growsjin the End to a
hard Knob, or Stony Subflance.
This Dileafe, or Difeafes of the Spleen, are incident to Horfes mofl
m the Summer, proceeding from the Surfeit or greedy Eating of green
Meats. The figns of which Difeafes are thefe, Heavinefs, Dulnefs,
pain on the Left-fide, and hard Swellings, Short,breath, much Groan-
ing, and an over-hafty defire to his Meat. The Cure, according to the
Opinion of our beft Farriers, is, to make the Horfe fweat either by
Labour or Cloaths, then to give him to drink a Quart of White-wine,
wherein hath been boiled the Leaves of Tamarisk bruifed, and a good
quanticy of Cummin-feed beaten to Powder, and give it Luke-warm.
Others ufe, after the Florle hath fweat, to pour into his Koflril every
Day the Juice of Myrabolans, mixt with Wine and Water, to the
quanty of a Pint. Others take Cummin-feed and Honey, of each fix
Ounces, of Laferpitium. as much as a Bean, of Vinegar a Pint, and put
all thefe into three Quarts of Water, and let it fland fo all Night, ^ and
give the Horfe a Quart th:reof next Morning, having fafled all Night.
Others make the Horfe to drink of Gar lick, Nitrum, Hare-hound, and
Wormwood Ibdden in a fharp Wine, and to bathe all the Horfe's Left-
fide with warm Water, and to rub it hard. There be other which ufe to
Gauterife or Scarify the Horfe's Left-fide with a hot Iron ^ but it is Bar-
carpus and Vile, and carrieth no Judgment in the Praftice.
C H A T.
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfual, 8i
Chap. LXXII. Of the Yellows cr Jaundice.
AS before I faid, from the Obftru£lions or Overflowin<^s of the Gall
and Spleen, doth Iprinp this Difeale v/hich ciir common Smiths
call the Yellows, and our better Farriers the Jaundice :, andyouilval'
underftand, that of this Yellows or Jhu -dice, 'lere are two Kinds, the firft
an overflowing of Choler, proceedi^.g from the Sicknefs of the Gall, and
it is called fimply the Yellows, or Yellow- jaundice j becaufe the outward
parts of the Body, as Eyes, Skin, Mouth, infide of the Lips, and tlie
like, are dried and coloured Yellow : The other an overflow iiig of Me-
lancholy, proceeding from the Sicknefs o'i^ the Spleen, and is called the
Black- Yellows, or Black-Jaundice, becaufe all the outward Parts are
Black. Now both thefe Jaundice, or Yellows have their beginnings
from the Evils of the Liver ^ the Yellow- jaundice, when the Liver by-
Inflammation hath all its Blood converted into Choler, and fo over-
whelms the Body :, and the Black-Jaundice, when fome Obftrudions in
the Liver-vein, which goeth to the Spleen, hinder the Spleen from doing
his Office, and receiving the Dregs of Blood from the Liver, or elfe
when the Spleen is i'urcharged with fuch Dregs of Blood, and fo fiieddeth
them back again into the Veins.
Kow although this Diftindion of the Black-Jaundice, or Black- Yel-
lows, will appear ftrange unto our Common Farriers, yet it is mofl: cer-
tain, that whenlbever a Horie dieth of the Yellows, he dieth only of
the Black- Yellows : For when it cometh unto the Gale of Mortality,
then are all the inward Powers converted to Blacknefs, and the Yellow
Subftance is clean maftered : But whilft the Matter is Yellow, fb long
the Horle's Body is in good State of Recovery. Befides, thefe Yellows
do ever follow one the other, and the lefTer hath no fooner got pre-emi-
nence,but the greater purfues him ^ of all the inward Difeafes in a Horle's
Body, that is moft common, ofteneftin Praftice, and yet moft Mortal,
it it be not early prevented. The figns of this Difeafe of Yellow-Jaun-
dice, are Yelbwnefs of hi^ Eyes, Koftrils, infide of the Lips, the Skin,
the Yard, and the Urine : His Ears and his Flank will fweat, and he will
Groan when he lieth down, and he will not only be faint,but utterly for-
fake his Meat alio. The Cures which are at this Day in Praftice for this
Difeafe, are infinite, and a World of them Corrupt an.d Poiibnous : E-
very Smith almoft making a Medicine of his own Invention, God knows
weak, and little to the Purpole, but for the beft Receipts, which are at this
Day are ufed by by any good Farriers whatlbever, I will deliver you the
whole Catalogue.
Firfl, For the antient Farriers both Italian and French, they did ufe to
take of Thyme and Cum.min, of each a like Quantity, and {tamping
them together, to mingle it with Wine, Honey, and Watery and tlien
toiethimBloodinthePafterns. " M But
8^ Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. I.
But now the Farriers of later Days ufe, Firft, to let the Horfe Blood
in the Neck-vein, fufFering Iiim to bleed, till you perceive the Blood to
grow pure, then to give this Drink: Take of White-wine, or Ale a
Quart, and put thereto Saifron and Turmerick, of each half an Ounce,
and the Juice that is wrung out of a great Handful of Selladine, and
being Luke-warm give it the Horfe to drink, then keep him warm the
fpace of three or four Days, giving him warm Water with a little Bran
in it. Others ufe after the Horie is let Blood in the Keck-vein, firft
to Rake him, then to give him a Suppofitory made of Salt, Honey, and
Marjoram, and then give him to drink half an Ounce of Myrrh dill
folved in a Qiiart of Wine or Ale. Others ufe to give after Blood-Jet-
ting, only cold Water and Nitrum mixt together. There be others
which after Blood-letting will only flop his Ears with Selladine,and then
bind them fall up, and let him have no Exercife for twelve Hours after.
Otliers ufe, after the letting him Blood, to give him a Clifter, then to
take Saifron and Turmerick, and mixing them with a Quart of Milk,
give it him to drink luke-warm. Others ufe to let the Horfe Blood in the
T'hird Barr of the Roof of his Mouth with a fliarp Knife, and after he
hath bled well, to take an Halt-peny-worth of Englifh Saifron, and a
Penny-worth of Turmerick, and a New-laid-Egg, with the Shell and
all fraall broken, and mix it a Quart of Stale Ale or Beer, and fo fet him
up warm.
Others ufe take after Blood-letting, of Turmerick, and Saffron a like
Quantity, and two or three Cloves, and fix Spoonfuls of Vinegar and
Verjuice, and to put into each Ear of the Horfe three Spoonfuls thereof,
and then ftop his Ears with Black Wool, and fo tie them up for {even or
eight Days after. Others take Long-Pepper, Grains, Turmerick, and
Licoras, all beaten into fine Powder, then brew them with a Quart of
Strong Beer or Ale, and give it the Horfe to drink. Others ufe after
taking and Blood-letting, to take the Juice of Ivy-Leaves, and mingling
Ic with Wine, to Iquirt it into the Horfe's Noftrils ^ and to let him drink
only cold Water mixt with Nitrum, and let his Food be Grals, or New
Hay fprinkled with Water.
Thus you have feen, 1 dare well affirm, all the beft Praflices which
are at this Day known for this Difeafe, and where they all fail, there
is no hope of Cure, as the (old Farriers affirraj yet let me thus far fur-
ther inform you, This Difeafe of the Yellows, or Jaundice, if the
Keeper and Mafler be not a great deal the more skilful and careful, will
fieal upon you unawares, and (as I have often feen) when you are in
the midfl of your Journey, remote and far diflant from any Town that
can give you Succour,it may be yourHorfe will fall down under you,and if
you fhould let him reft till you fetch him Succour, queftioulefs he will be
Dead.
In
m»i iiirmaaiaaaMMMagMi
Lib. I. Of Cftrcs Pbyjkaf, 85
In this Extremity you have no help but to draw out a iliarp-pointed
Knife, £)agger, or Rapier for a need, and as near as you can, opening
the Hptlib's Mouth, ft-rike him Blood about the third IBarr of the Root
of his Mouth, and ih letting him eat and i\vailow his own Blood a good
while, then raife him up, and be fare he will go as frefa as ever he did :
But after you come to a place of Reft, then be fure to Blood him, and
give him half an Ounce of the Powder of Diapente in a Pint of Muska-
dine well brewed to^fether, and thus do three or four Morninp;s together,
and let him be rafting before, and faft two Hours after j and after the Po-
tion give him a little moderate Exercife, or elfe there will be a worle Fit
come upon him.
Now to Conclude, for the Black Jaundice, which of Ibme Farriers is
called the Dry -Yellows, though for mine own Part, I hold it to be incu-
irable, yet there be other Farriers which are of a contrary Humour, and
prefcril3e this Phyfick for the Cure therof : Firft, To give the Horfe a
Clifter made of Oil, Water, Milk and Nitrum, after his Fundament is
raked, then to pour the Decoftion of Mallows, mingled with fweet Wine
in his Noftrils, and let his Meat be Grafs or Hay fprinkled with Water,
and a little Nitre, and his Provender dried Oats ^ he muft reft from La-
bour, and be often rubbed. Now there be other Farriers, which for this
Diseafe would only have the Horfe drink the Deco^lion of Wild Cole-
worts fodden in Wine ^ the Elfecls of all which I only refer to Expe-
rience.
Chap. LXXIII. Of the Dropfa or Evil Habit of the Body.
Hereas we have Ipoken before of the Confumption of the Fleih,
' V which proceedeth from Surfeits, ill Lodging, Labour, Colds,
Heats, and fuch like : You fliall now alfo underftand, that there is ano-
ther Drynefs or Confumption of the Flefh, which hath no apparent
Caufe or Ground, and is called of Farriers a Dropfie, or evil Habit of
the Body, which is moft apparently feen, when the Horfe by difiike doth
lofe his true natural Colour, and when Baynefs turns to Dunnefs Black-
nefs to Duskiihnefs, and Whitenefs to Afhinefs, and when he lofeth his
Spirit, Strength, and Alacrity. Now this cometh not from want of
Nutriment, but from the want of good Nutriment, in that the Blood is
corrupted, either with Flegm, Choler, or Melancholy, (coming accor-
ding to the Opinion of our beft Farriers) either from the Spleen, or the
Weaknefs of the Stomach or Liver, caufmg naughty Digeftion.
Others think it cometh from foul Feeding, or much Idlenefs, but for
mine own Part, albeit I have had as much Trial of this Difeafe as any one
Man, and that it becometh not me to controul Men of approved Judg-
ment : Yet this I dare averr, that I never faw this Difeafe of the evil
Habit, or evil Colour of the Body, fpring from any other Grounds, than
M 2 either
4 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I.
either dilbrderly or wild Riding, or from Hunger, or Barren Woody
Keeping. Betwixt it and the Dropfie, there is imall or no Difference.
For the Dropfie being divided into three Kinds, this is the firft thereof*
as Namely, an univerfal Swelling of the Body, but efpecially the Lungs,
throiu^h the abundance of Water lying between the Skin and the Fleih.
The Second, a Swelling in the Covering or Bottom of the Belly, as if the
Horfe were with Foal, which is only a Watrifli Humour abiding betwixt
the Skin and the Rim : And the Third, a Swelling in the fame Place by
tliQ like Humours abiding betwixt the great Bag and the Kell.
The common Signs of this Difeafe, ar Shortnefs of Breath, Swelling
of the Body or Legs, lofs of the Horfe's natural Colour, no' Appetite
unto M«at, and a continual Thirft ^ his Back, Buttocks, and Flanks will
be dry, and ihrunk up to their Bones : His Veins will be hid, that you
cannot fee them, and where-e ver you ihall prefs your Finger any thing
iiard againft his Body, there vou ihall leave the Print behind you, and
the Flefli will not arife a good fpace after : When he lieth down he will
fpread out his Limbs, and not draw them round together, and his Hair
will ihed with the fmalleft rubbing. There be other Farriers which make
but two Dropfie5, that is, a Wet Dropfie, and a Windy Dropfie, but be-
ing examined, they are all one with thofe recited,have all the Ilime Signs,
and the fame Cure, which according to the ancient Farriers is in this
ibrt : Fiift, To let him be warm covered with many Cloaths, and either
by Excrcife, or otherwile drive him into a Sweat •, then let his Back and
Body be rubbed againft the Hair, and let his Food be for the rapft Part
Colxvorts, Smallage and El ming Boughs, or whatsoever elle will keep his
{•iod})' Ibluble or provoke Urine \ when you want this Food, let him eat
Cirals or Hay fprinkled with Water, and fometimes you may give him a
kind of Pulfe called Ciche, fteeped a Day and Night in Water, and
then taken out and laid lb as the Water may drop away.
There be other Farriers which only would have the Horfe drink Farf-
ley itampt and mixt with Wine, or elfe the Root of the Herb called Pa-
nax llampt and mixt with Wine. Now whereas Ibme Farriers advife to
flit the Belly a handful behind the Navel, that the Wind and Water may
leifurely iJfue forth, of mine own Knowledge, I know the Cure to be
moft Vile ; nor can it be done, but tothe utter fpoiling and killing of the
Horfe, for the Horfe is a Beail:, and wanting Knowledge of his own
Goo<.l, will never be Dreft but by Vialence, and that Violence will bring
down In's Kell, fo as it will never be recovered. Now for thefe Dropiie^
in the Belly, although I have fliewed you the Signs and the Cures, yet
they are rare to be found, and more rare to be cured ^ bat for the other
Dropfie, which is the fwelling of the Legs, and the lofs of the Colour
o^ the Hair, it is very ordinary and in hourly Praftice : The beft Cure
whereof that ever 1 found nmongft the Farriers is tliis l
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical. "^
Take of ftrong Ale a Gallon, and fet it on the Fre, ane then skum ^CTf,
off the white Froth which rifeth, then take a hanful of Wormwood with
Stalks, and put them into the Ale, and let them boil till it be come al-
moft to a Quart •, then take it off, and ftrain it exceeding;ly. then dilTolve
into it three Ounces of the beft Treacle, and put in aUb an Ounce and
an half of Long-Pepper and Grains beaten to very fine Powder ; then
brew them till it be no more than lukewarm, and lb give the H or fe to
drink ^ the next Day let him Blood on the Neck-vein, and anoint his
Fore-Legs with Train-Oil, and fo turn him into good Grafs, and fear not
his Recovery.
Chap. LXXIV. Of the Dlfcafes in the Guts of a Horfc^ and Fir ft fi"
the Cholick.
AHorfe'sGuts are fubjeO: unto many and fundry Infirmities^ as
Namely, to the VVind-ChoHck, Fretting of the Belly, Coftive-
nefs , Lax, Bloody-Flux, and Worms of divers Kind?. Now for
the Cholick, it is a grievous and tormenting Pain in the Great-Gut or
Bag, which becaufe it is very large and fpaclous, and full of empty
Places, it is the more apt to receive divers offenfive Matters, which do
breed divers Infirmities, efpecially Wind, which finding no ready Pal-
fage out, make the Body, as it were, fwell, and olfendeth both the Sto-
mach and other inward Members. This Dileafe dotli not fo much ap-
pear in the Stable, as abroad in Travel, and the figns are thefe : The
Horfe will often offer to Stale, but cannot-, he will ftrike at his Belly
with his Hinder-Foot, and manv times Stamp •, he will forJ&ke his Meat,
and towards his Flank you fliall fee his Belly appear more full than ordi-
nary, and he will defire to lie down and Walbw. The Cure thereof, ac-
cording to the moft ancient Farriers, is, only to give him a Clifler made
either of Wild-Cucumbers, or elfe of Hens-Dung, Nitrum and ftrong
Vinegar, the Manner whereof you iliall fee in the Chapter of CHJierSy and
after the Clifter, Labour him.
Others ufe to give the Horle the Urine of a Child, to drink, or a Cli-
fter of Soap and Salt-water. Others ule to give him five Drams of
Myrrh in good Wine, and then Gallop him gently thereupon. Others
ufe to ^ive him Smallage and Parfly with his Provender \ and then to
Travelhim till, he Sweat. But for my own part, I hold it bell: to take
a Quart of Malmfey, of Cloves, Pepper, Cinnamon, of each half an
Ounce,, of Sugar half a Quartern, and give it the Horfe luke-warm,
and then Ride him at leaft an Hour after-, but before you Ride him, .,j:?§
anoint alibis Flanks with Oil de Bay, or Oil of Spike. 'Now if while
you Ride him^ he will not Dung, you iliall then Rake him, and if Need
be, enforce him to Dung, by thrufting into his Fundament a pilled Oni-
on jagged crofs-ways, that th'i tickling of the Juice mjay inforce Ordure:
And,
86 Of Cures Phyficai Lib. L
And by no Means, for four or five Days, let him drink no cold Water,
or eat any Grafs or green Corn, but keep him upon wholefome dry Meat
in a warm Stable.
,G H A p. LXXV. Of the Belly- Ach, or Fretting m the Belly.
BSfides the Cholick, there is alfo another grievous pain in the Belly,
which Farriers call the Belly-Ach, or Fretting in the Belly, and it
proceedeth either from eating of green Pulfe, when it grows on the
Ground, or raw undried Peafe, Beans, or Oats, or elfe when iharp fret-
ting Humours, or Inflammations, or abundance of grofs Matter is got-
ten between the great Gut and the Panicle. The figns are, much Wal-
lowing, great Groaning, and often ftriking at his Belly, and gnawing up-
on the Manger. The Cure, according to the Opinion of Ibme Farriers,
is, firft to anoint your Hand with Sallet-Oil, Butter, or Greafe, and then
thrufting it in at the Horfe's Fundament, pull out as much Dung as you
can reach, which is called Raking a Horfe ;, then give him a Cliiter of
Water and Salt mixt together, or inftead thereof, give him a Suppofito-
ry of Honey and Salt, and then give him to drink, the Powder of Cen-
tuary and VVormwood, brewed with a Qiiart of Malmfey. Others ufe
only to give the Horfe a Suppofitory of Nervcafile-So?.^, and for mine
own pai:t, I hold it only the beft.
Chap. LXXVI. Of the Cofiivenefs^ or BeUy-Bound.
ClOftivenefs, or Belly-Bound, is, when a Horie is fo bound in his
j Belly that he cannot Dung, it is a Difeafe of all other moft incident
to Running Horfes, which are kept in dry and hot Diet. Now my Ma-
ilers, the great Farriers affirm, that it proceedeth from Glut of Proven-
der, or over-much Feeding and Reft \ or from Wind, grofs Humours,
or Cold, caufmg Obftruftions, and ftoppings in the Guts :, but I fuppofe
(and imagine that all the beft Keepers of Hunting or Runniiig, Florfes
will Conlent with me) that it:rather proceeds from much Fafting, where-
by the Gut wanteth frefii Subftance to fill it,doth out of his own greatHeat,
bake and dry up the little which it containeth : For it is a certain Rule,
that nothing can overflow before it be full : Or elfe it may proceed from
eating too much dry and hot Food, which fucking up the Flegm and
Moifture of the Body, leaves not fufficient whereby it may be digefted ^
however it is a dangerous Infirmity and is the beginning of many other
Evils. The Signs are only Abftinence from the Oflice of Nature, (1
mean Dunging) which is moft ufual in all Beafts. The Cure whereof,
according to the Opinion of the ancienteft Fasriers, is. To take the Water
v/ herein Mallows have been long boiled, to the quantity of a Quart, and
put thereto half a Pint of Oil, or inftad thereof, half a Pint of Butter
very fweet, and one Ounce of Benedicle Laxatu, and pour that into his
Fundament Clifter-ivife •, then with a String faften his Tail hard to his
Tuel,
Lib. I. Of Cures PhyficaL 8
Tuel, and then Trot the Horfe up and down a pretty while, that the
Medicine may work lb much the better ^ then let his Tail loofe, and fuf-
fer him to void all that is in his Belly ^ then bring him into the Stable,
and flood a while, give him a little well-clarified Honey to drink ^ then
cover him and keep him warm, and let his Drink for three or four Days
be nothing but fveet warm Maihes of Malt and Water. Other Farriers
ufe to take eleven Leaves of Laurel, and ftamping them in a Mortar,
give it the Horfe to drink with one Quart of good ftrong Ale.
Others ufe to take an Ounce of Brimflone finely beaten to Powder and
mixing it with Sugar, to give it the Horfe in a Mafh to drink. Now for
mine own part, 1 could wiih you, if the Difeafe be not very extreamly
violent, only but to Rake the Horfe's Fundament, and then to Gallop
him in his Cloaths till he Sweat, and then give him a Handful or two of
clean Rye, and a little Brimftone mixt with it ^ for Brimflone being gi-
ven with Provender at any time will fcour ; but if the Dileale be raging
and violent, take a quarter of a Pound of White Sope, a handful of
Spurge, and a handful of Hemp-feed, bray them very well together, and
give it the Horfe to drink with a Quart of Ale luke-warm, then let him
faft, and exercife him more than half an Hour after ^ and be fure to keep
him very warm, and let his Drink be only warm Mafhes. A World of
other fcouring Receipts there be : But you ihall find them more at large
in the Chapter of Furgations, Cllfiersy and Suppojitories.
C H A p. LXXVII. Of the Lax^ or too much Scouring of Horfes.
TH E Lax, or open Flux of a Horfe's Body, is a dangerous Dileafe,
and quickly bringeth a Horfe to great Weaknefs and Faintnels j
It proceedeth ibmetimes from the abundance of Cholerick Humours,
defceiiding from the Liver or Gall down into the Guts : Sometimes by
drinking over-much cold Water immediately after his Provender ^ Some-
times by fudden Travelling upon a full Stomach before his Meat be
digefted ^ fometim.es by hairy Running or Galloping prefently after Wa-
ter ^ and fomet'mes by licking up a Feather, or eating Hen's-Dung :
There is no Difeafe that taketh more fore upon a Horfe in a fhort time
than this, and yet, fince Naure her felfin this Difeafe feemeth to be a
Phyficiarj to the Horfe's Body, I would not wifli any Farrier to go about
too fudden ly to flop it •, but if you" find, that by the continuance. Na-
ture both lofeth her own lirength, and the Horfe the good eflate of
his Body, then you fhall leek Remedy \ and Cure thereof^ according to
the Opinion of ancient Farriers, is this : Take of Bean-flower, and
Bole-armonick, of each a Qiiartern, mix them together in a Quart of
RedWme, and giveitthe Horle luke-warm to drink, and let him be
kept very Warm, and have much Reft : Alfo let the Water that he
drinketh be lukewarm, and mixt with Bean-flower •, yet by no means let
him
88 Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I.
him drink abo->/e once in four and twenty Hours, and then not to his full
latisiiftion. Others take a Pint of Red Wine, the Powder of one Nut-
meg, half an Ounce of Cinnamon, and as much of the Rind of Fome-
granat<.% and mixing them together, give it the Horfe luke-warm to
drink, and let him not drink any other drink, except it be once in four
and twent'/ Hours, half a Horfe's Draught of warm Water mixt with
Bean-liower. Others take a halfrpenny-worth of A Horn beaten into fine
Powder, an.d Bole-Armony beaten fmall, and a Quart of good Milk,
mingle them together till the Milk be all on a Curd, and then give it
the Horfe to drink, obferving the Diet before reheared : But if this Dif^
eale Iha 11 happen to a fucking Foal, ascommonlyjit will, and 1 my felf
have ieen many that for want of Experience have perilhed thereby ^ vou
ihali then only give a Pint of ftrong Verges to drink and it is a preient
Remedy : For the Foal only feeding upon Milk, and that Milk avoiding
in as liquid form as it was received, the Verges will Curdle ir, and make
it void in a grolfer and more tougher Subftance.
C H A P. LX XVIII. Of the Bloody-Flux in Horfes.
IT is not to be doubted, but that a Horfe may have the Bloody-Flux,
for in my Experience 1 have Ieen it, befides the Confirmation of all
mv Mafters the old Fatriers. Kow of the Bloody -Flux they make
Kinds, for fometimes the Fat of the llimy ''Filth which is avoided,
is Iprinkled with a little Blood ^ fometimes the Excrements is Watriih
Blood, like the Water wherein Bloody Flelli hath been walhed \ fome-
times Blood mixed with Melancholy, and fometimes pure Blood : But
Till thefe proceeding from one Head, which is the Exulceration of the
Gut, they may all very well be helped by the Cure. Yet that you
may know whether the Exulceration be in the inward fmall Gut, or in
the outward great Gut, you fhall obferve if the Matter and Blood be
perfe<^ly mixed together, then it is the inner fmall Guts ^ but if they
be not mixed, but come out feverally, the Blood moft commonly fol-
lowing the Matter, then it is the thick outward Guts. Kow this
Bloody-Flux cometh moft commonly ot fome fharp Humours, ingen-
dring either by a naughty raw Food, or unreafonable Travel, which
Humours, being violently driven, and having palfed through many
cr(X)ked and narrow Ways, do cleave to the Guts, and with their heat
and iharpnels fret them and caufe Exulcerations and grievous Pains.
Sometimes this Bloody-Flux may come from extream Cold, extream
Heat, or extream Moiftnefs, or through the Violence of fome extream
Scowring formerly given, wherein fome poilbnous Simple, as Simony,
;-!;dbium, or fuch like, may be applied in too great a quantity, or it
rnay come from the weaknefs of the Liver, or other Members, which
ferve for Digeftion. The Sign of this Dileafe, is only the voiding
Blood
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, 8p
Blood with his Excrements, or Blood inftead of Excrements : And the
Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is, To take
Sattron one Ounce, of Myrrh two Ounces, of Southern-wood three
Ounces, of Parlley one Ounce, of Rue three Ounces, of Spitle-wort,
and Ilylfop, of each two Ounces, of Caffia, which is like Cinnamon,
one Ounce, let all thefe be beaten into fine Powder and mingled witJi
Chalk and ftrong Vinegar wrought into a Pafle, of which Pafte make
little Cakes, and dry them in the Shadow, and being dried, dilfoive feme
of them in a Pint and a half of Barley-Milk, or for want thereof, in
that Juice whirh is called Crimor Prifmie, and give it the Horle to drink;
lor it not only cureth the Bloody-Flux, but being given with a Quart of
warm Water, it healeth all Grief and Pain either in the Belly or Bladder,
which Cometh for want of Staling.
Now for mine own part, I have ever ufed for the Bloody-flux, but
this Medicine only : Take of Red Wine three pints, half a handful of
the Herb called Burfa Paftoris, or Shepherds Purle, and as much Tan-
ners Bark taken out of the Fat and dryed, boil them in the Wine till
Ibmewhat more than a pint be confumed, and then flrainiag it very
hard, give it the Horle luke-warm to drink -, if you do add unto it a
little Cinnamon it is not amifs. There be other Farriers which ufe to
diiibive in a pint of Red Wine, four Ounces of the Conferve of Sloes,
andgi^e it the Horle to drink: but either of the other Medicines are
fully fufficient.
Chap. L.XXIX. Of the falling d$xvn of a Horfe^s Fundament:
HOrfes lbmetimes,by means of the Difeafe formerly ipoken of, which
is the Bloody-ilux, and fometimes by a natural weaknefs in tha
inward Bowels, coming through the Refolution of the Mufcles, ferv-
ing to draw up the Fundament, will many times have their Fundaments
fall down in great length, both to the much pain of the Horfe, and
great loathfomenefs to the Beholders. Kow the Refolution or falling
down, may come partly by over-much flraining to Dung when a Horle
is Coftive, and partly by over-great Moifture, as it happens in young-
Children : For than a Horfe, no Creature hath a moifter Body. Kow
the Signs are apparent, hanging down of the Fundament, and the Cure;
is this : Firft, you Ihall look whether the Fundament be inflamed, that
is, whether it be much fwell'd or no, if it be not inflam'd, then you
lliall anoint it with Oil of Rofes warmed on a Chafing-dilh of Coals,
or for want of fuch Oil, you Ihall walh it with warm Red Wine, but
if it be inflamed, then you Ihall bath it well with a foft Sponge, dipt
in the Decoftion of Mallows, Camomill, Linfeed, and Fenugreek, and
alfo you Ihall anoint it well with Oil of Camomill and Dill mingled
together, to affwage the Swelling, and then with a gentle Hand, and
N warm
5?o Of Curef Phyfical, Lib. I.
warm Linnen Cloths, thruft it fair and Ibftiy up into his true Place ,
that done, Bath all the Tuel with Red Wine, wherein hath been fod-
den Acatium, Galls, Acorn Cups, and the Paring of Quinces, then
throw upon it either the Powder of Bole-Armonick, or of Frankincence,
ox Sanguis Draconis, Myrrh, Acatium, or fuch like, and then give him
to drink the dry Pills of Pomegranates beaten to powder, either with
Wine or warm Water, and be fure to keep the Horfe very warm, and
in his Body neither too folu^le or loofe, nor too coftive or hard bounds
but of a mean and foft temper, for the extremity of either is hurtful.
Chap. LXXX. Of the BotSy Trunchems^ and Worms in a Horfes Body^
MY Matters, the old ancient Farriers are of Opmion, that the Guts
of a Horfe do breed Three forts of Worms, that is to fay, little
ikorc W^orms with great red Heads, and long fmall white Tails, which
xve call Botts fhort and thick Worms all of a bignefs like a Man's Finger,
which we call Truncheons, and great long Worms as big as a Man's Fin-
ger, and at the leaft fix Inches in length, which we call by the fmiple
Name of Worms only.
^O" Now in mine own Experience, and all other Mens, I find a fourth fort,
which is of a middle fize, and are Red and Fiery, with thick, iliort,
iliarp Heads, and are called Poifonous red Worms, and are of all other
moft Poifonous and Dangerous, for they will afcend up even to the Throat
of the Horfe, and will choak and kill him •, fometimes they will eat
through liis Stomach, and fo confound him.
Now for mine own Fart I am of Opinion, That the firft which are
Bots, are not bred in the Guts, but the Stomach only, becaufe having
cut up many Horfes, I never could yet find any one Bot in the Guts,
yet great ftore of both the other Worms, nor ever cut up the Stomach
of a'^Horfe, but I found great abundance of Bots, and neither of the other
Worms • whence I am confidently opinionated, that Bots are ever bred
in the Stomach, and both the other forts of Worms in the Guts : Truth
it is, that all three doth proceed from one f:lf"-fime Caufe, which is a
raw, grofs, and Flegmetick Matter,apt to PLitiefaclion^and ingendredby
ibul and naughty Feeding, and as they proceed from one felf-fame Caule,
ib have they "^all one Sign, and all one Cure. The ligns are, the Horfe
will forfake his Meat, and not ftand 'ipon his Legs, but wallow and
tumble, and beat his Belly with his Feet, and fometimes the Pain will
be fo extream that he v/ill beat his Head againfl the Ground, ai:d truly,
the Violence of the Pved Worms are wonderful, for I have feen Horfes
whofe Stomach have been eaten quite through with them, fo that the
Meat which they eat could not abide in their Stoniach, but fell upon
the Swallowing into the Body, makhig the Body fwell like a Tun, and
fo died with huge Torment. Now the Cure according to the ancienteft
Farriers
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyficd, pi
Farriers is, To take a Quart of fweet Milk, of Honey a Quartern,
and give it him luke-warm ; then walk him up and down for the fpace
of an Hour afcer, and fo let him reft for that Day, with as little Meat
and Drink as may be, and by no Means fuffer him to lie down : Then
the r.ext Day when the Rorfe is Fi\{ling, take of Ruo a Handful, or
Savin as much, and being well ftampt, put thereunto a lirtie Brimftone,
and a little Soot of Cliimney beaten into fine Powder, put all tliele
things together in a Quart of Wort, or ISew Ale, and there let them
lie in fteep the fptice of an Hour or two •, then ftrain it hard through a
fair CI oath, and give it the Horle to drink luke-warm, then Bridle him,
and walk him abroad the fpace of an Hour, then fet him up, and let
him ftand on the Bitt two or three Hours after, and then give him a little
Hay. . , ■
Other ancient Farriers ufe only to give the Horfe for this Difeafe the
warm Guts of a new llain Hen or Chicken, being thruft down the
Horfe's Throat, and fure it is palling good, efpecially if a little Salt
be mixed with them ^ and this muft be done three Mornings together
fafling, keeping the Horfe from drinking three or four Hours afcer. O-
thersufeto take three Ounces of the Roots' of Caphers, beaten with
half fo much Vinegar, and put it down the Horfe's Throat : Or eife a
Pint of Milk,and a Spoonful of Soap given the Korfe to drink-, or Brim-
ftone and Milk given to drink, all very Soveraign. Others ufe to bind
about the Snaffle or Bitt, Man's Dung new made, ai,ad lb Ride him there-
with.
Others take of Gentian, Aloes, and Savin, of each half an Ounce,
and brew them together with Honey and ftrong Ale. Others ufe to
take only a Quart of cold Sweet-Wort. Others take Savin and Southern-
wort, or elle Wormwood, and tops of Broom fmall chopt, and mix
it with the Horfe's Provender. Others ufe to give the Horle to drink
luke-warm Elder-Berries fodden in Milk. Others ufe to give the Horfe
with his Provender, his own Hair chopt fmall, and mixt with Bay Salt.
Others put hot Embers in Water and prefentiy ftrain it, and give it the
Horle to drink. Others make little round Balls of Honey, and the fine
Powder of Chalk, aiid putting them into Ale, make the Horfe fwallow
them. Others ufe to take, elpecially for the long Worms, half a
Penny-worth of Fenugreek, of Annileeds a quarter of a Pound, half
a Penny-worth of Bay-Berries, as much Licoras, and as much Turme- ^^^^
rick, and a little quantity of Brimftone, beat them into Powder, put
them into a Quart of Ale, and give it the Horfe fafting luke-warm to
drink ;, then Ride him an Hour after, then fet him up W^'arm four and
twenty Hours after. Others ufe, efpecially for the Truncheons, to take-
two Spoonfuls of the Powder of Wormwood, finely fearft and put it
into a Pint of good Malmfey, and after it is brewed a while, let it ftand
N z and
^2 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I.
and leak all Night, and then give it the Horfe in the Morning failing,
then keep him without Meat or Drink four Hours after. Others ufe
to give the Horfe to drink two Spoonfuls of Wormfeed, and as much
Brimftone as Powder of Savin, with a Quart of Malmfey, Ale, or Beer.
Others ufe to take as much Black-Soap as a Walnut, and as much Brim-
ftone beaten to Powder, and a Head or two of Garlick pilled and bruifed,
and put into a Qiiart of good Ale, and give it the Horfe luke-warm to
drink.
This Medicine may alio be adminiftred to a Mare great with Foal,
if ilie be troubled with the Bots or other Worms, fo that the Black Soap
be left out, for it is a violent purger, and may kill the Foal in the Mare's
Belly ; yet for mine own part, I never give any inward Phyfical Medi-
cines to a Mare great with Foal, but if I find her troubled with Worm.s,
as is eafie to be done by the ftinkir.g of her Breath, by the fliminefs of
her Mouth, and by the greatnefs of the Worm-veins under her Lips,
then prefently I do nothing but let her Blood in the Rcof or Palate of her
Mouth, and make her eat her own Blood •, for that I know \v\\\ both kill
the Worms, and help moft inward Maladies. But leaving Mares with
Foal, let us return again unto Horfes. There be other Farriers which
ufe to take a Haridful of new Hen's-dung, and a Quart of ftale Ale,
and Bray them well together ^ then take a Handful of Bay-Salt, and put
two Eggs to it, and having mixt them all ivell together, give it the Horfe
to drink. Others ufe to take half a Penny-worth of Saffron, and as
much Allom, and mix them with a Pint of Milk, and give it the Horfe
to drink : Or elfe give him green Willow, and green Reed to eat. Others
w^Q (and think it the beft of all other Medicines^ to take the Guts of a
young Hen or Pigeon, and roul it in a little Black-Soap, then in Bay-
Salt, and fo force it down the Horfe's Throat. Others ufe (efpecially
for the Truncheons) to let the fiorfe dr'nk Hens-dung, Mint, Sage,
and'Rue, with Beer or Ale, and to let him Blood in the Noftrils. To
conclude •, except you fee the Horfe very much pained, you iliall need to
give him nothing but Rofin and Brimftone mixt together, and blended
with his Provender, having Care that you ever give it Failing, and long
before the Horfe do drink.
Laflly, And as the chief of all Medicines for all manner of Worms,
Take as much precipitate, as will lie on a Silver Two-pence, and work
it with as much Butter as a French Wallnut, then lap it in another Piece
of Butter as big as a Hen's Egg, and fo give it the Horfe failing in
the Man rer of a Pill. Ride him a little after it, and give him no Wa-
ter that Night, and let him flift two Hoursj then feed as at, other
times.
Chap/
Lib. I. Of Cures FhyficaL 9
o
ry-'
Chap. LXXXl. Of the Pain in a Horfe^s Kidneys.
Here is no Queftion, but the lame Infirmities which do belong unto
the Liver or Spieen of a Horfe, do aifo belong unto the Kidneys,
as Inflammations, Obftru£lions, Apofthumes, and Ulcers ^ and truly in
opening of riories, I have found the Kidi:iey fometimes wafted, which I
imputed to fome matter of Inflammation ^ I have likewife found much
Gravel, which was only through Obftru^lions, and I have feen the Kid-
neys as black as Ink, which could not come without an Ulcerous Apoft-
humation : Bat forafmuch as a B orfe is a Beaft, who cannot tell the
manner of his Pain, nor we fo heedful as we might have been, to obferve
the Symptoms of every Grief, we are inforced to conclude all under one
Name, which is the Pain in the Kidneys, gotten either by fbme great
ftrain in Leaping, or by fome great Burthen bearing.
The Signs are, the Horfe will go rowling and daggering behind, his
Urine will be blackifh. and thick, and his Stones (if he have any) will be
fhrunk up iuto his Body, if he have not, you fliall perceive the fheath of
his Yard to be drawn back\'/ard, and the great Vein which runPieth up the
fide of his Thigh, called the Kidney-vein, will flack and beat continual-
ly. The Cure according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is, Firft
to bath his Back and loins with Oyl, Wine, and Nitrum, warmed toge-
ther, and after he is bathed, cover him with warm cloaths, and let him
ftand in Litter up to the Belly -, then give him to drink Water wherein
hath been fodden Dill, Fennel, A mil feeds, Smallage, Parfley, Spikenard,
Myrrh, andCaUla, or as many as you can conveniently get of thefe Simples.
The next Morning fafting, give him to drink a Quart of Ews Milk,or for
wanttheieof, half fo much Salient Oil, and Deers Suet molten together -,
or if you can get it,, the root of a Daffodill boiled in Wii'e, and let his
Provender be dried Oats ^ and in tins Diet keep him about ten Days, and
he will recover.
Chap. LXXXII. Of the Difeafes belonging to the Bladder or VrinCy and
Flrft of the Strangury.
According to the detern. nate Opinion of all th« beft and Anci^nteit
Hoi fe-Leaches, the Biac.ier of a i:orfe is fubjeft to three dange-
rous Diijbafes, as firft, the Stranti,ury, or StranguUion ^ the fecond, the
Pam-pifs, and the third the Stone, or Pifs fuppreft. Now for th* firft^
which is the Strangury :, or StranguUion, it is, when the Horfe is pro-
voked to ftale often, and voicleth nothing but a few drops, it cometh
wichout doubt, either by the hept and jliarpnefs of Urine, caufed either
by great Travel, or by iharp and hot Meats and Drinks, or el fe by the
Exulceration of the Bladder, or by means of fome Apofthume in the
Liver and Kid):eysj which Apoftliume being broken, the Matter reforteth
down.
mmmaaaimmmaaeiBas^s^m
P4 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
down into the Bladder, and with the iharpnefs thereof caufeth a continual
provocation ofpiiling. The Signs are (as 1 faid before) a continual de-
lire to pifs, yer voiding nothing but a few Drops, and thofe with fuch
pain, that he will whisk, wry, and beat his Tail as he piiTeth.
The Cure whereof 13, to bathe the Horfe's hinder Loins with warm
Water, and then take Bread and Bayberries, and temper them togedier
with A<f ay Battel', and give him two or three Balls thereof down his Throat
three Days together.
Others ule (and I have ever found it the heft) to take a quart of new
Milk, and a quartern of Sugar, and brewing them well together, give
it the Horfe to drink fix Mornings together, obferving to keep the Horfe
from all faarp Meats, as Mow-burnt Hay, Bran, and luch like.
Chap. LXXXIII. Of the Tain-^ifs, or fijling ivhh Pain
THis Difeafe of Pain-pife, is, when a Horfe cannot pifs but vvdtli
great pain and labour, and doth proceed fometim.cs from the weak-
nefs of the Bladder, and the cold intemperance thereof, and fometimes
through the abundance of Flegm and grofs Humours, flopping the Keck
ofthe^Bladder. The Signs whereof are, the Horfe will ftretch himfeif
out as though he would itale, and thruft out his Yard a little, and with a
Pain clap his Tail betwixt his Thighs to his Belly, and having ftood fo a
good while, in the end he will ftale a good quantity.
^^ The Cure v/hereol^ according to the Opinion of Farriers, is. To take
^"^^ the juice of Leeks, iweet Wine, and Oil, and mingling them together,
to pour it into his right Noflril, and walk him a little up and down upon
it •, or elfe to give him to drink Smallage feed, or elfe the Roots of vvild
Fennel ibdden with Wine. Others ufe to put fine fiiarp Onions clean
pill'd and a little bniifed, into his Fundament, and then to chafe him
immediately upon it, either by riding him, or running him in a Man's"
Hand : Or elfe to take the fcrapir.g of the inward parts of the Plorle's
own Hoofs, beaten into powder, and mingled with Wine, and pour it
into his right Noftril, and then ride him upon it. Others ule to lead the
Horfe to Sheep-coats, or Sheep-pens, where great ilore of Sheep are
wonted, and making the Horfe to fmell of the Dung and Pifs of the
Sheep, it will provoke him to Stale prefently. Others ufe to give the
Horfe white Dog's Dung dried and mingled with Ammoniacum, Salt,
and Wine to drink :;, or elfe Hogs Dung only with Wine, or the dregs of
Horfe-pifs and Wine.
C H A p. LXXXIV. Of the Stones or Pifs fupfrefi in a Horfe.
TFIe Stone or Pifs fuppreft in a Horfe, is, when a Horle would fain
Stale but cannot at all, and therefore may well be called the llip-
preiEon of the Urine. It proceedeth according to the Opinions of my
Mailers,
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, p^
Mafters, the old Farriers, fometimes from the Weaknefs of the Bladder
when the Water Conduit is flopped with grofs Humours, or with matter
defeending from the J.iver, or from fome h:flammation, or hard Knobs
growing at the Mouth of the Conduit, or for that the Sinews of the Blad-
der are numbed, fo as the Bladder is without feeling : Or it may come bv
keeping a Horie long in Travel, and not fuffering him to Stale ^' but molt
commonly and ofteft it cometh from Obftruftions of the Kidneys, where
by the Caufes aforefaid, a certain red Gravel being bred, and a falling
down into the Conduits, by a mixture of Flegm and others grofs Hu-
mours, is there brought to be a hard Stone, and ftopeth the PafTage of the
Urine. For the Signs, there needeth r.o more but this, that he would
fiin pifs, but cannot.
The Cure, according to the Opinion of the moft Antienteft Farriers,
is, Firft to draw out his Yard, and Bathe it well with White-wine, and
Pick it, and Scour it well, left it be flopped with Dirt and Filthinefs^,
then put a little Oil of Camomill into his Yard, with a Wax Candle, and
a bruifed Clove of Gar lick : But I f that will not force him to Stale, then
take of Parlley one handful, of Coriander one haiidful, Stainp them and
Strain them, with a Quart of White-wine, and Dilfolve therein one Ounce
of Cake Soap, and give it Luke-warm unto the Horfe to Drink, and lee
that you keep him as warm as may be, and let him Drink no cold Water
for the Space of Five or Six Days, and when you would have him to Stale,
let it be either on good plenty of Straw or upon the Grafs, or in a Sheeps
Coat. Others (andthole of the beft Efteem for Horfe-Leach Craft at this
Day) ufe only to give White-Wine, Cake Soap, and Butter very well
mixt together, and let the Horfe Drink it warm.
Otjjers ufe to Anoint the Horfe's Belly firft with warm Water, then
when it is dried, to Anoint it again with Sallet Oil, Hogs Greafe and Tar
mixt together and made warm, and fo hold a hot Iron againft his Belly
whilft it is Anointing, that the Ointment may the better enter the Skin :
But I hold this Medicine to be much better for the Strangury, or anv
other Pain in the Belly, than for the Stone ^ yet it is approved good
for all. Others ufe to take a Pint of White- Wine or Ale, and m'ix it
with a little Gariick, and the Whites of Ten Eggs, and give it the
Horfe to Drink ', or elfe give him the Juice of red Cole warts mixt with
White- Wine, or the Root of Alexanders bruifed and foddden in Wine
to Drink, aud wafli his Yard with Vinegar. Others ufe to take either
Wormwood, Southernwood or Galingal, or Mallows, or Pimpernel^
Ibme of thele, or any one of thefe, Stampt and Strained, and give it
the Horfe with Ale to Drink. Others ufe to take a Pint of White-Wine,
half a Pint of Bur need beaten very fmall, two Ounces of Pariley-feed,
half a Handful! of HyiTop,half an Ounce of black Soap, mix them all well
together, and warm it, and give it the Horfe to Drink ^ or elfe take unfet
Leeksj
g6 Of Cures Phyjical, Lib. I,
Leeks, andftarnp them fmall, and Soap, Milk and Butter, and being
mixt together, give it the Horfe to drink. Others ufe to take a Nutmeg,
andahadfulof Parfley-feed, beat them to Powder, then take as much
mel-feeds, and Broom-feed, of each a like Quantity, beat them into fine
Powder, and give it the Horfe with a Pint or a Quart of White-wine.
Now although thefe Medicines before rehearfed, are daily in Fradice,
and approved very Soveraign, yet for mine own part, I have found none
more foveraign than this : Take a Quart of llrong Ale, and put it into
a Pottle-Pot, then take as many keen Raddiih-Roots, clean wafhed, be-
ing flit through and bruifed as will fill up the Pot ^ then flopping the Pot
very clofe that no Air may come in, let it fo ftand four and twenty
Hours, then ftrain the Ale and the Roots very hard into a clean Velfei,
and give it the Horfe falling iu the Morning to drink '-, then Ride him
a little up and down, and ib fet him up warm., watch him., ai'd you
fluill fee him Scale. This you muft do divers Mornings together.
C H A V. TXXXV. Of a Horfe that Tlffcth Blood.
f~X^ HERE is nothing more certain, than that a Horfe many times
X will pifs Blood inftead of Urine, the Caufe (as the moft ancient
Farriers fuppofe) proceeding from fomie one ot tliefe Grounds ; either
over-much Labour, or two heavy a Burthen, efpecially when the Horfe
is Fat : For by either of them the Horfe may come to break fome Vein
in his Body, and then you iliall fee clear Blood come out and no Urine
at all -^ but if the Blood be mixt with Urine, then they fuppofe it cometh
from che Kidnevs, having fome ragged Stone therein, which through
great Travel doth fret the Veins" of the Kidneys, and maketh them
bleed, through which as the Urine paiTeth, it taketh the Blood away
with it alfo \ but for mine own part, 1 have not found any greater Caule
for the Piifing of Blood than the taking up of a Horfe from Grafs in the
ftrength of Winter, (as about Chriftmas) and prefently, without a Day's
Reft m the Stable, to thruft him into a long and weary Journey ^ from
this Caufe 1 have feen many Horfes after two or three Days Journey, to
Pifs Blood in moft grievous Manner. The Signs are needlefs.^ The Cure
according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is this : Firft, Let the
Horfe Btood in the Palate of the Mouth, to convert the Blood the con-
trary Way, then take of Tragacanth which hath been fteeped in White-
wine, half an Ounce of Poppy-feed, one Dram and one Scruple, and
of Storax as much, and twelve Pine-Apple Kernels :, let all thefe
things be beaten and mingled well together, and give the Horfe thereof
every
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical , ^
every Morning the Ipace of ieven Days the Quantity of a Wahiut, in-
fufed in a Quart of fweet Wine. Other latter Farriers w^e to let the
Horfe Blood in the Neck, and boil that Blood with Wlieat, aud witii
the Powder of dried Pomegranate Fills ^ then ftrain it, and give it him
three or four Mornings togedier to drink, and let him by no means Tra-
vel thereupon ^ or elle give him of husked Beans boiled with husks of
Acorns beaten fmall, and mixt together. Others ufe to make him a
Drink with the Roots of DaiTodil mingled with Wheat-fiowcr, and
Sumraach Sodden long in Water, and iJo to be given to the Horfe with
liveetWine: Or elfe to make him drink of Goats-Milk and Sallet-Oil,
ftrain thereunto a little Frumenty : Or elfe to give him Ibdden Beans
and Deer's-Suet in Wine, each of thefe are of like Force and Goodnefs.
>Now there be others which ufe for this Difeafe to take Barley, and feethe
in tlie Juice of Gum-Folly, and give him the Barley to eat,and the Juice
to drink : Or elle take the Powder of Licoras and Annifeeds ror.ied up in
Honey, and make round Balls thereof, and caft down the Horfe's Throat
two or three of them : Laftly, and the beft, Take Licoras, Annifeeds,
and Garlick bruifed together with Sallet-Oil and Honey, and give it in ""^
a Quart of new Milk to the Horfe to drink, it is very ibverain alio ;, and
thefe two Medidines laft rehearfed, are exceeding good alio for any Cold
or Glanders.
Chap. LXXXVI. Qf the Colt- EviU
TH E Colt-Evil by the moft ancient Farriers, elpecially the Itdinns^
whofe hot Country affordeth the Beafts of more hot and ftrong
Katures than ours doth, is thought to be a continual ftanding Ereftion,
together with an unnatural Iwelling of the Yard, proceeding either from
fome Wind, filling the Arteries and hollow Sinews, or Pipes of the Yard,
or elfe through the abundance of Seed, provoked by the Natural heat
oi the Horfe ^ but our Farriers, who have not i^ecn that Experience,
becaufe our Horfes are of a colder Temper, fay, it is only a Swelling of
the Sheath of the Yard, and of that part of the Belly about tlie Yard,
together with the Cold alfo proceeding from corrupt Seed, which cometh
out of the Yard, and remaining within the Sheath, there putrifieth: And
this Judgment we find by Experience to be moft true. Now you ihall
underftand, that Geldings as well as Horfes areTubjeft thereunto, becaufe
they want Natural Heat to expel Seed any further.
The Signs are only the outward Swelling of the Sheath and Cod^
and none other - and the beft Cure is, firft to wafti the Sheath clean
with luke-warm Vinegar, then draw out the Yard and wafli it alfo ^
which done, Ride the Horfe twice every Day, that is, Morning and
Evening, into fome deep running Water up to the BelJ)', toiling him to
O ' and
9 8 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
and fro, to allay the heat of his Members, till the Swelling be vaniflied,
and if you Swim him now and then, it will r:Ot do amifs. Others ufe
to Bath his Cods and Yard with the Juice of Houfe-leelr, or with the
Water wherein Kinholm hath been fed. Now this Colt-Evil will Ibme-
times i3:op the Horle's "Urine that he cannot Pifs : Then you iliall take
l\ew Ale, ?>nd a little Black Soap, and give it tlie Horle to drink. O-
ihers ufe to wa ill the Horfe's Cods and Sheath with Butter and Vinegar
5 -lade warm. Others ufe to waili his Yard and Cods with the Juice of
Memloch, or elfe take Bean-fiower, Vinegar, and Eole-Arraonick, and
i.iixing them together, lay it Plaifter-wife to his Slieatli and Cods. Others
-tiiake him a Pliafter of Wine-Lees, Houfe-Leek, and Bran mixt together,
nndlayitto his Sheath and Cods : But it the firft Receipt will ferve, I
«vouid not wifii you to ul^e any other Medicine.
Chap. LX XXVII. Of the Mattering of the Tard.
HIS Difeafe of the Mattering of the Yard, is feldome {ken but
amongfc the hot Races or Breeds of Horfes, as the Jennet, the
Barbary, and fucli-like •, and it happeneth ever at Covering-time, when
the Horfe and Mare both being too Hot, do Burn themfelves, by which
Means there ilfueth forth of the Horle's Yard much filthy Matter. The
Signs are, the falling down of the Matter, and a Swelling at the End of
the Yard, and the Horfe can by no Means draw up his Yard, or cover it
within his Sheath. The Cure is. To take a Pint of White-wine, and
boil therein a Q_uartern of Roch^rAllom., and with a large Syringe or
Squirt, iquirt in three or four Squirts full into his Yard one after another,
and be lure that your Squirt go home unto the Bottom, that the Liquor
or Lotion may fcour the Bloody Matter away : This do five or fix times
every Day till the Horfe be whole.
Chap. LX XXVIII. Of the Shedding of the Seed.
THE Shedding of the Seed, or the falling away of the Sperm in
Horfes, is none other than that which we call in Men the Run-
ning of the Reins : It cometh, as our Old Farriers lay, either by a-
bundance and Ranknefs of the Seed, or by the Weaknefs of the Stones
and Seed-VeiTels not able to retain the Seed until it be digefted and thick-
ned ; but truly for mine ov/n part, I think it cometh oftener (efpecially
among our Engliih Horfes) by fome great Strain in Leaping, or by
teaching a Horie to Bound, and making him Bound above the compafs
of his natural Stength. The iign are only the fheding of his Seed,
which v/ill be Vv/liite, Thin, and Waterifh. The Cure", according to
the ancient Experiments, is, Firft to Ride the Horfe into fome cold
Water up to the Belly, infomucli that his Stones may be covered with
Water ^ which done , Bathe his Fundament with Water and Oil, then
cover
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical. pp
cover him exceeding warm, and give him every Day to drink of Red
Wine, and Hog's-Dung till the Flux of his SeexS. ftay ^ biit latter Expe-
rience hath found this Receipt better : Take of Red Vv''ine a Qiiart, and
put therein a little Acatium, the juice of Plantain, and a little Maftick,
and give it him to drink ^ and then Bathe all his Back with Red Wine
and Oil of Rofes mixt together : But other Farriers take Venice-Tur-
pentine, and being walhed, beat it well with half as mucli Sugar, and
then make round Balls as big as Walnuts, and give the Horfc five every
Morning till the Flux ftay.
Chap. LXXXIX. Of th Edling of the Yard.
TH E falling down of the Yard, is, when a Horle hath no flrength
to draw up his Yard within the Sheath, but lets it !'a:ig down be-
tween his Legs ill-favouredly : It Cometh (as oar beft Fairiers fuppofej
either through the weaknels of the Member, bv Means of Ibme Relb-
lution in the Mufcles and Sinews, ferving the lame, caufed by Ibme
great Strain or Stripe on the Back, or elfe through extream Wearinels
and Tiring. The fign is only the apparent hanging down of the Mem-
ber •, and the Cure is, (according to fome Opinions) to walh the Horle's
Yard in fait Water from the Sea, or for want thereof with Water and
Salt *. But if that will not prevail, then prick all the outward Skin of
his Yard with a fharp Needle, but yet as flightly as may be, and not deep^
and then wafli all the pricks with ftrong Vinegar, and this will not only
make him draw up his Yard again, but alfo if at any time his Funda-
ment chance to fall, this Cure will put it up again. There be other
Farriers which for this Difeafe will put into the Pipe of the Horfe's
Yard, Honey and Salt boiled together, and made liquid, or elfe a quick
Fly, or a Grain of Frankincenfe, or a Clove of Garlick clean pilled and
biuiled, and Bathe his Back with Oil, Wine, and Nitre made warm and
mingled together.
But the beft Cure, accordmg to our Engliih Praftice, is Firll:, to wafH
all the Yard with \A'^hite-wine warmed, and then anoint it with Oil of
Roles and Honey mixt together, and fo put it up into the Sheath, and
with a little Bolfter of Canvafs keep it from falling down, and Drefs him
thus once in four and twenty Hours, until he be recovered, and in an.y
Gale let his Back be kept as warm as is poffible, both with Cloath and a
Charge of Plaifter made of Bole-Armonick, Eggs, Wheat-flower, San-
guis Draconis, Turpentine, and Vinegar ^ or elfe lay next his Back a
wet Sack, or wet Hay, and a dry Cloatli over it, and that will keep his
Back exceeding Warm,
O 2 C H A P'
oo Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I,
Chap. }[C. Of the Difeafes incident to Mares ^ and firjt of the Barrennefs
of the IVcmb.
TH E only Diieafe incident to the Womb of a Mare, (as far forth
as our Farriers are experienced) is Barrennels, which may pro-
ceed from diveis Caufes, as through the Intemperance of the Matrix,
being either too Hot and Fiery, or too Cool and Moift, or too Dry, or
eUe too Short or too Narrow, or having the Neck thereof turned awry,
or by means of fome Obftrutlion, or flopping in the Matrix, or in that
the Mare is too F'at or too Lean,and divers other fuch iikeCaufes.Now the
Cure thereof, according to the Old Farriers, is, To take a good handful
of Leeks, and ftamp them in a Mortar with four or five Spoonfuls of
Wine, then put thereunto twelve Flies, called Cantharides, then ftrain
them all together with a fuificient Quantity of Water to ferve the Mare
therewith two Days together, by pouring the fame into her Nature with
a Ciifter-pipe made for the purperfe, and at the End of three Days next
ibllowing ot-fer the Hcrfe unto her that iliould Cover her, and after ilie is
covered, waili her Nature twice together with cold W^ater.
There be otliers which ufe to take of Nitrum, of Sparrow 's-Dung,
and of Turpentine, of each a like Quantity well wrought together, and
make a Suppofitory, and put that into her Nature, and it will caule her
both to defire the Horfe, and alfo to Conceive. There be fome of
Opinion, that it is good to put a Nettle into the Horfe's Mouth
that fhouid Cover her. Of all wliich, let only Experience be your War-
• rant.
Chap. XCL Of the VcfiUent Confuftion in Mares.
TH E R E is a certain Peftilent Confumption incident to Mares when
they are with Foal proceeding from cold Flegm gathered by raw
foggy Food in the Winter Seafon, which defcending from the Kidneys,
doth opprefs the Matrix, and makes the Mare confume and pine away,
fothatif fte be not holpen, fhe will want ftrength to Foal her Foal.
Thefignsare, fadden Leannefs, and a drooping of Spirit, with much
difiike'of Meat, a continual defire to be laid. The Cure is, to pour into
her Noftrils three Pints of Fiih-Brine, called Garume, three or four
Mornings together, and if the Grief be very great, then take five Pints,
and it will'make her vent ail Flegm at her Noftrils.
C H A p. XCI. Of the Rage of Love in Mares.
IT is reported by ibme of our Englifli Farriers, that Mares being
proudly and highly kept, will at the Spring of the Year, when their
Blood begins to wax warm, if they chance when they go to the Water,
to fee their own Shadows therein, that prefently thy will fall into ex-
treani Love therewith and from that Love into fuch a hot Rage, that they
will
Lib. I. Of Cures FhyfuaL loi
will forget either to eat or Drink, and never ceaie running about the
Pafture, Ga;f ing ftrangely, and looking oft about and behind them : The
Cure of this Folly is, prefently to lead the Mare to the Water, and there
to let her fee Iier lelf as before, and the lecond fight will utterly extinguifh
the memory of tlie firft, and fo take away her Folly.
C n A p. XCIII. Of Mares which caft their Foals.
TH E occafion why Mares cafts their Foals, that is, to Foal them ei-
ther before their times, or dead, are very many, as Strains, Strokes,
Intemperate Riding, Rufliings, Hard \\' interings, or too great Fatneis,
and fuch like. Now you ihall underftand, that this aborfement, or un-
timely cafting of a Foal, is moft dangerous to the Life of a Mare : For
Nature being, as it were, detained from her true and perfefl Cuftom,
which is the prefervation of Health, cannot chufe but give way to the
contrary, which is Death and Mortallity, and the Body and Pores being
fet open to the Air, before it be able to defend the cold, cannot chufe but
be fulfocated with iinwholelbrae Vapours. If therefore you have a Mare
at any time which doth caft her Foal, and withal falleth fick upon the
lame, you fhall pre lent ly take her into the Houfe, and fet her up very
warm, then give her two fpoontuls of the Powder of Diapente well brew-
ed in a Pint of Muskadine,and feed her with fweet Hay,and warm Mafhes,
for at leaft a Week after.
Chap. XCIV. Of Moi'es that are hard of Foaling.
IF it happen by any mifchance, or otherwife, that the PafTages or other
Conduits, which lead from the Matrix, be fo ftraitned that the Mare
cannot Foal, and {"o be in Danger of her Dife ^ tlien it ihall be good that
you help her by holding and flopping her Noftrils with your Hand in a
gentle manner, that her Breath may not have PalTage, and {he will Foai
with a great deal the more Eafe,and much Iboner ^ and fure the Pain is no-
thing, becaufe a Mare always Foaleth ftanding. Now if at any time
when your Mare hath Foaled, fhe cannot void her Secundine, which is
the Skin wherein the Foal is wrapped, in that natural manner as fhe
ought, you fhall then take a good Handful or two of Fennel, and boil it
in Wine ; then take half a Pint of that, and another half Pint of old
Wine, and put thereto a Fourth part of Oil, and mingle them altoge--
ther over the Fire, and being but Luke-warm, pour it into the Mare'^s
Noflrils, and hold her Noflrils clofe with your Hand, to keep it in a
pretty while after, and no Queflion but fhe will void her Secundnie pre-
fently.
Cm a p
102 Of Curef Pbyficd, Lib. I.
Chat. XCV. Of maJiWg a Mare to cafi her Fod-
IF at ai:!y time you would hiive your Mare to call: her Foal, as having
prefent occafion to ufe her, or in that the Foal is not worthily enough
begot, you iliall take a Pottle of new Milk, and two Handfuls of Savin
chopt and bruifed, and putting them together, boil them till one half be
coniumed ^ then ft rain it very hard, and give it the Mare Luke-warm to
drink, then prefently gallop her a good Space, then i^<it her up, do thus
two Mornings , and before the third ihe will have caft her Foal. Otliers
ufe with their Hands to kill the Foa.1 in the Mare's Belly, but it is dange-
rous, and the former Medijfine is more llifficient. And thus much of tiie
[nfirmities of Mares. Now let us return again to Horfes and Mares in
general.
C H*A p. XCV.I. Of the Drinking of Horfe-Leaches by Horfes.
IF a Horle at any time Drink down Horfe-Leaches, they will fuck his
Blood and kill him. the Signs are, the Horfe will hang down his
Head to the Ground, and abundance of filthy iiaver will fall from his
Mouth, and fom.etimes fome Blood alfo. the Cure is prefently to give a
Pint of Sallet Oil to Drink, and that will make them fall away, and kill
them, but the beft is, to give him half an Ounce of Diapente brewed in
in a Pint of ilrong Beer or Ale.
Chap. XCVII. Of Swallowing down Hens Dung, or any Venomous Thing
Tphatfoever.
IF a Horfe chance to iwallow down any Hens Dung with his Hay, it
will Fret his Guts, and make him to void much Filthy Matter at hljs
Fundament. The Cure whereof, is. To take a Pint of Wine, half a
Pint of floney, and two Spoonfuls of Smallage-Seed bruifed, and mixing
them well together, to give it the Horfe to Drink, and then to walk him
well npon the fame that he may empty his Belly. But if the Horfe chance
to lick up any other Venom.ous Thing, as Kent, or fuch like, which you
ihall know by the inftant fwelling of his Body, and the tremblnig of all
his Members, then the Cure is, firft to put him into a Sweat, either by
Cloaths or Excercife, then to let him Blood in the Palate of his Mouth,
and look how much he Bleedeth, fo much let him Swallow down Hot ;
or elfe give him ftrong Wine and Salt mixt together : Or elfe take the
Root, and Leaves, and Fruit of Briony, which being burnt to Aihes,
give the Horfe a good Spoonful thereof, with a Pintoffweet Wine to
I>rink.
- Now for mine own Part, I have ever ufed to take a Pint of Sallet
Oil, and two SpoonfuUs of Sugar-candy beaten to Powder, and as much
of the Powder of Diapente, and brewing them together, give it the Horfe
to
Lib. L Of Cures Fhyfical, 103
to drink ; or for want of Diapente, fo mucli of the iliaving either of
I'/ory, or an old Stag's Horn, efpecially the Tips thereof burnt.
Chap. XCVIII. Of Turglng Medicines in Gcnerul, and firfi of the Suppofitory,
Purging is iliid of our moft ancient Farriers, to be an emptyij:g and
difcharging of all and every fuperfluous Humours which Diftemper
the Body with their evil CLualities ^ for fuch Humours breed evil Nutri-
ment, which, when it will not be corrected nor holpen with good Diet,
Alteration, nor the benefit of Nature and kindly Heat, then muft it by
force either be taken away by Purgation, Clifter, or Suppofitory. Now
forafrnuch as a Horfe is troubled with many Difeafes in the Guts, and
that nothing can Purge the Gut with that gentlenefs which a Suppofitory
doth, I will here firft begin to fpeak of Suppoiitories.
Underftand then, that a Horfe being furfeited, and full of evil Hu-
mours needing to be purged, it is beft firft to give him a Suppofitory, left
if you ftiould come up to apply a Clifter, the great Gut being flopped
with dry, hard, and hot Excrements, the Medicine not being able to
Work beyond it, lofe both Labour and \'ertue • fo that I make Account a
Suppofitory is but only a preparative to a Clifter, and but only to cleanle
and make loofe the great Gut, which cometli to the Tuel. The gentle
Suppofitory then, and that which purgeth Flegm in the beft Manner, is.
To take a iquare piece of Cake-Soap,or White Newcaftle-Soap, about five
or fix Inches long, andftiaving it round till it be not above three Inches
in the midft, and a little fmaller at each end than in the midft ^ then
anoint it over wth Sallet-Oil, and fo with your hand thruft it up more
than a full Span into his Fundament : Then fuddenly clap his Taiie to
his Tuel, and hold it hard and dole more than half an hour, in which
Ipace the moft part of the Suppofitory will be wafted, then gently take
away your hand, and let him void the Suppofitory at his Pleafure.
The next Suppofitory to this, and which purgeth Choler abundantly^
IS, to take Savin ftampt fmall. Stave-faker and Salt, and boil them in
Honey till it be thick, then take and Knead it, and roul it up of a pretty
thick long Roul, as before you were taught for the hard Soap, and Mi-
nifter it at his Tuel. The next to this, and that which purgeth Melan-
choly, is, to take a keen Onion, and pilling oft' the skii:, jagg it a lit-
tie crofs-wife with your Knife, and fo thruft it up into the Horfe's Fun-
dament. There is, befides thefe Suppofitories, one other Suppofitory
which is to take a Qj-iart of Honey, and boirit on the Fire till it come
to be thick like a Salve, then pour it forth upon a Table, and Knead it
like a piece of Dough ^ then when it begins to harden, or grow ftilf,
(as it will do rohenit begin: to cool) then roul it up under your hand, and .
make it into the form o;; :\ Suppoiitory as it v\ras before Ihewed, and Ad-
minifter .
04 ^f ^^^^^^ Pbyftcal, Lib. I.
minifter it in the fame manner: this Suppolitory is good to Purge the Gut
of any foul Humour, and therewithal is comfortable to the Body.
Now you muft alio underftand, that as thefe Suppofitories are prepara-
tive before Ciifters, fo they are likewife to be ufed fimply of themfelves,
where the Sicknefs of the Horfe carrieth no great Danger ; for upon
every flight Occafion, or fmall Drinefs, which is to be diffolved with the
moft gentle Medicine, to adminifter a Clifter, were to bring the Horfe's
Body to fuch an intemperate loofenefs, as would prove, much worfe than
^Eheforiner conti?ary Drinefs, therefore I wifii every careful Farrier be-
cauie the Bodv of a Horfe would not be tampered withal too much by
PhyfickC firft, in the Cafe of Coftiveneis, or Intiammation of the inward
Parts, to approve a Suppofitory : as namely the firft prefcribed and naked
like a Man's Fill:, or elfe like a Roul or Quantity of Roch-Allum, or elfe
four Inches of a great Tallow Candle or Percher of four in the Pound-,
which if it works effeftually, and keeps the Horfes Body Soluble, then to
proceed no further •, but in Cafe it do not, but that the Offenfive Matter
ftill breedeth and increafeth, then to Adminifler a Clifter, and where
that faileth to take away the Oifence, to Adminifter a Purgation. Kow
bv the Way, you are to take with you this general Rule, and never to fiif
in the nerformance^' which is, never to Adminifter either Suppofitory
or Clifter, but firft immediately before you give it^ to Rake your Horfe,
which Raking is in this Manner : Firft, you iliall anoint all your Hand
and Arm over either with Sallet-Oil, fweet-Butter, or frefli Greafe, and
then thruft it into the Horfe's Fundament, and draw out all the Dung,
Flegm, and filthy Matter that you can feel, even as high as the great
Bag*^:, which done, then either Adminifter your Suppofitory or Clifter,
which vou pleafe, at your ieifure, and in any Cafe, whilft the Horfe is
thus in Phyfick, keep him exceeding warm.
Chap. XCIX. Of Clifiers and Vfes.
H E Nature and Properties of Clifters are divers, and therefore it
is neceffary that every careful Farrier learn to know to what End
they ferve, and of what Drugs or Simples they ought to be compound-
ed : For every Clifter is to be" made according to the Difeafe. Kow of
Clifters, fome are to eafe Griefs, and to allay the ftiarpnefs of the Hu-
mours •, fome to bi]id, fome to loofen, and lome to purge, and fome to
heal Ulcers. Thefe Clifters by cleanfmg the Guts refreiheth all Parts
and prepare the Way before "for every^inward and ftrong Purgation.
Therefore, whenfoever a Horfe, through grofsnefs of Humours, corrup-
tion of Blood, or abundance of Flegm, Choler, or Melancholy, is
brou£>;ht unto that evil habit o'( Body, that of NeceiTity he muft be purg-
ed, and that efpecially his Pain is in his Guts and Body, you Ihall then,
as before I faid (having made a Probation of a Suppofitory) firft of all
adminifter
T
Lib. I.. Of Cures Pbyfical, 105
adminifter a Cliftery left by Purging fuddenly with any Purgation cr
Potion, you ftir up a multitude of evil Humours, which fmding no pal-
fage downward (becaufe the Guts beiiig ftopped with Wind and Dregs j
do ftrike upward, and fb perhaps put the Horie into much greater Dan-
ger.
Now for the Compofition of Clifters, you ihali underf.and, that they
he madeof four Thiv.'gs • that is, of Decoctions, of Drugs, of Oil, or
fuch like Unftious Matter, as Butter or Ibfc Greafe, and fourthly of di-
vers Salts, to provoke the Virtue Expujfive. A Decoilion is the Broth
of certain Herbs and Simples boiled together inVv'ater, until the third
part be con fumed. Now fometimes for want of fuch Decoclions, you
may if you pleafe, ufe fome fit Beef-Broth, or the Broth of Sheeps Head,
or fuch like, or Millr, or Whey, or Ibnie.fuch like Liquor, mingled
Ibmetimes either with Honey or with Sugar, according to the Quality
the Difeale ^ the Clifter being either Lenitive, that is to fiy, eafmg of
Pain, Gliitinative, which is Joining of Things together ^ or elle Abfter-
five, which is, wiping away, or cleaniing of Filthy Matter. Now of
this Decoftion, or Broth, being very clean ftrained, you fliall never take
above three Pints at the moft, and many times but a Qiiart -^ into wliich
you fliall put fuch Drugs as are needful, exceeding not at the moft above
three or four Ounces, according as the Simples be more or lefs violent :
Of the Oil you fliall never ule in a Clifter above half a Pint, and of Salt
not above three or four Drams. You fliall alio continually Adminiiler
your Clifter luke-warm, either with fome long Horn or a large Clifter-
pipe made for the purpofe, and fixed to the largeft Bladder you can get ^
and this Clifter-pipe is of all the beft, and doth leaft lofe LabW.
When you do Adminifter a Clifter, you fliall let the Horfe's hinder-parts
fomewhat higher than the fore-parts, and then you fliall put the Ciifter-
pipe in at his Tuel into his Fundament up to the Head, and having the
Confeftion within the Bladder, wring it with a very good ftrength into
his Body. A Clifter fliould be adminiftred to the Horfe when he is ra-
ther empty than full paunched, whether it be in the Fore-noon or After-
noon. Now for the retaining or holding of the Clifter in the Horfe's
Body, three Quarters of an h our is fufncient, of what Quantity foever
it be. Now you are to Note by the Way, that aflbon as the Clifter is ad-
miniftred unto the Horfe's Body, you muft draw out the Pipe with all
thQ gentlenefs that may be, and fuddenly clap his Tail to his Tuel, and
lo hold it with your hand, without any moving or ftirring of the Horfe
till the Medicine hath his full time of Working.
feD* Now to come unto particular Clifters, that you may know which
Clifter is for which purpofe ; the firft is. Take 'of the Pulp of Colo-
qumtida, half an Ounce, of Dragantium three quarters of an Ounce,
of Centuary and of Wormwood, of each half a handful, of Caftorum a
P quarter
io6 Of Curef Phyfical. Lib. I.
quarter of an Ounce,boil them in three Pints of Water, then being ftrain-
ed you ihall difToive therein of Gerologundinum three Ounces, of Salt
tliree quarter of an Ounce, and Oil-Olive halt a Pint, and fo luke-warm
Adminifter it Giifrer-v/ife, as hath been before expreffed : This CHfter
is exceeding foveraign for the Feflilence in Korfes, or for any Feaver of
what Nature ibever.
l;:^ The next is. To take the Decodion of Mallows, and to mix
therewithal, either freili-Butter or Sallet-Oil, and fo luke-warm Admini-
fter it : This is of all C lifters the moft gentleft, and as the former Cli-
fter is abfterfive or cleanfmg, fo this is lenitive and a great eafer of Fain :
It is moft foverain for a.Horfe that is taken, or that hath any Contradion
or Convulfion, and generally for any Coftivenefs in a Korle whatfoever,
proceeding from inward Surfeit or Sicknefs, as from the Surfeit by Pro-
vender, foundring in the Body, and fuch like. The next is, to take of
Salt- Water, or clean Brine a Quart, and diffolve therein a pretty Quan-
tity of Soap, and then luke-warm Adminifter it : This Cllfter is very
good for the Cholick, or any other Sicknefs of the Guts or Belly. And
thus from thefe three Clifters you may compound many Clifters ', but
in mine Opinion, if you ufe no more than them only, they will be fully
fufficient.
Chap. C Of Turgatio-ns and their Vfes.
T'l^ H E Purging of Rorfes is ever by one of thefe two Ways, either
X by Pills, or by Potion ; Pills are any folid and fubftantial Stuft' fixed
together in one Body, and being made into round Balls are caft down the
. Korfc's Throat. And a Potion is, when you give the Horfe any liquid
purging Matter to drink, whether it be purging Powders diifolved iii
Wine or Ale, or that it be any other liquid ftuff. Now for Pills, they
only purge and make clean the Head and Brain, bringing Flegm and
other grofs Humours down into the Excrements : And Potions cleanfe
the Stomach, Guts, and every other inward Member. Now the Art
of the true careful Farrier is is, in chufing of the Simples, whereof
thefe Pills or Potioi.s are to be compounded, and in aptly, or artificially
applying the fame. Firft then, It is needful that every good Farrier
(before he go about to purge his Horfe) know with what ill Humour a
Horfe is opprelfed, as whether it proceed from Choler, Flegm, or Me-
lancholy, and where the Humours do moft abound ^ and then what
Simples are beft to purge thofe Humours, and with what Property, Qua-
lity and Temperament they be endued : For fome Simples are moft vio-
lent, and next Coufms to ftrong Poifons, as Scarnmony or Colloquintida :
Some again are gentle, and rather Nouriftiing than Medicinal, as Manna,
Caftia, Whey, Prunes, and fuch like ^ and fome are neither too vio-
lent, nor too gentle, but of a mean, as Rheubarb, Agarick, Sena, and
Aloes,
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyjical, lo
Aloes. Now the ancient Farriers did did ule to Purge their Horfes
with the Pulp of Coloquintida, ll>metimes with the Roots of Wild-
Cucumbers, and fometimes with the Broth of a fodden VVhelp mixf
with Nitrum and fuch like ; but at this Day they are not of our PraOrice,
and therefore I wifli him, that for his Experience, flill to make a trial
of ftrong Medicines, or know the working of every Simple, (which is
a moft Prife-worthy Ambition,) Firft to make his Proofs upon Jades,
whofe Lofs he refpe£leth not, and fo by that working to adventure on
better Horfes.
But to return to my former Purpofe : The Farrier who gceth about to
Purge a Horfeby Purgation, muft confider the Nature of the Korie's
Dileafe, and the Strength of the Horle, and with them jcyn the Nature,
Stength and Qiiantity of the M dicine •, he muft alio confider the Cli-
mate under which the Horfe is Bred, the time of the Difeafe, the time
of die Year, and the time of the Day. For as the Difeafes and the Hu-
mours which caufe the Difeafe are fundry, fo they muft be avoided by
fundry Medicines, fundry Ways compounded, according as Experience
from a continual Fraftice fhall inftruft you ^ wherein you are to obferve
Endnote, that Weak, Delicate, and Tender Horfes are not to be purged
with that Violence, which Strong, Stubborn and Sturdy Horfes are, and
therefore in fuch Cafes, the Quality and Quantity is to be looked unto
of every Simple. The Climate is to be refpefted, as whether it be Hot
or Cold, and the time of the Difeafe : For Ibme Difeafes muft be purged
at the beginning, as Fevers, Peftilence, Yellows, Staggers, and all vio-
lent inward Difeafes, and fome not till the Water be thorougly digefted,
as Cold, Strangles, and Apofthumations. Now although the Sicknefs pro-
ceeds from cold Humours, yet you muft not Adminifter as hot Simples
in Summer as in Winter ^ nor in the contrary Cafe fb cold things in Win-
ter as in Summer, whereby you fee the Time and the Seafon of the Year
is to be repefpefted. Then touching refped of the Day,you are to obferve
that Day to be beft that is moft temperate, fince too much heat maketh
a Horfe faint, and too much cold doth hinder the Medicine from Work-
ing. A little Regard is to be had in the Wind and Weather ; for a
moift Day with a South Wind, is to be preferred before a North Wind
with a dry Day. Now the beft hour of receiving any kind of Potion,is ever
in the Morning, after he hath fafted from Meat and Drink all the Night
before, Affoon as your Horfe hath received any Pill or Potion, let him
be walked, or gently ridden up and down one hour at the leaft, and then
let up and fuffered to ftand on the Bitt two hours after, well littered,
cloathed and ftopped •, but if you perceive that he beginneth to grow
Sick or 111 (as moft commonly Horfes will) then you fhall fuffer him to
lie down, and affoon as his Sicknefs is paft, you ihall offer hiin to drink a
P 2 Mafh
/
Tc8 Of Cures Phyjlcal, Lib. I.
Maili of Malt and Water luke-wann : From any otlier Meat keep him
faftinc till his Medicine have done Workins.
Ko'vV to come to particular Receipts and Medicines themfelves ; y on
fliall eafily underftajid, that although the ancient Farriers do make but
two Kinds, that is to lay, Pills and Purgations, yet I divide them into
three, that is to lay, -Scourings, Pills, and Purgations: Scourings are
tliofe Wholefome, Natural, and gentle purging Medicines, whicli ftir-
ring up no great Flux of Humours, do only keep the Body clean from
fiich Evils as would arife and grow, being every Way as wholefome in
Health as in Sicknefs, and may m.oft properly be termed Preparatives,
or preparers of the Body to entertain more ftronger Medicines. To
fpeak then firft of the mofl gentleft and natural fcouring, it is only
Grafs being given to a Horfe Only fifteen Days together, and no more
for afcer that, it fatteth and not fcoureth. Next unto Grafs is Forrage,
which is only the Blades of -green Corn, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, and
fuch like, being given feven Days and no more. Next is green Thiftles,
being cut up, and given the Horfe to eat the fpace of five Days- and no
more. And the laft of this Nature is the Mafli, made in this Manner :
Take a Peck of ground Malt, and put it into a Pail, then take a Gallon
and a half of Water boiling hot from the Fire, and put it into the Malt,
then with a ftaff, Mafli and flir them together at leafl half an hour,
till tafling thee Water you feel it as fweet as Honey, then being luke-
warm, give it the Horfe to drink. ^^^3=. all thefe Scourings do only but
cleanfe the Guts and cool the Body, adding Comforts to the Spirits and
-engendring Strength, only the Maili is to be ufed after Labour, or in-
j[lead of Drink in the time of any great Sicknefs. Scourings of a little
ftronger Nature are thefe : Fii-fi, when you give your Horfe any Pro-
vender, to mix with halt a Peck of Oats, a handful or two oif clean
drelTed Hemp-feed : Or elfe to take a good Qiiantity of Box-tree Leaves,
and put them into a Pewter-Difh, then fet them before tiie Fire, and let
them dry leifurely till they be fo hard that you may crufh them into
Powder, then take as much of the Powder of Brimflone as there is Pow-
der of Box, and mix them together, and amongll half a Peck of Oats,
mix a handful of this Po^vder, and give it the Horfe to eat ^ both thele
fcourings are to be ufed after labour, efpeciaBy wlien the Horfe hath fweat
much. •
Thefe two Scourings Work upon no Matter, but what Nature is wil-
ling to expel ^ they purge the Stomach, Head, and Ertralls, they kill
all kind of Worm.s and dry up Flegm. Scourings of the ftrongeft Na-
ture are to take of Sallet-Oyl half a Pint, and of New Milk from the
Cow a Pint, brew it together, and give it the Horfe luke-warm : Or
elf-} take a Pint of Muskadine and half a Pint of Sal!et-Oyl and being
mixt together, give die Horfe to drink : Or elfe half a Pint of Oyl,
and
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical. 109
and a Pint of Sack mixt together, and give the Horfe to drink luke-
warm.
Thefe Scourings cleanfe the Head, Body, and Guts of all Flegm, or
Molten-Greafe, which any violent Labour hath difTolved j they are ex-
ceeding good for any manner of Cold, or Stoppings in the Wind-pipes,
and if you add unto them good good ftore of Sugarcandy,it will prelerve
and keep the Horfe from Sicknefs. Now for Pills, yon iliall very plain-
ly underftand, that the firft and eafiefl: are thele, either to take twenty
Cloves of Garlick clean pilled and bruiled, then a quarter of a Pound
of fweet-Butter, and fo roul up the Garlick in four or five Balls or Pellets
as big as two Walnuts a-piece -^ and liO taking out the Horfe's Tongue,
thruft them down his Throat one after another : Or elfe to take a quarter
of a Pound of Butter, and as much Red Saunders ^ beat them well toge-
ther in a Mortar, and then make it into four or five Balls, and then put
them down the Horfe's Throat. Pills of fomewhat llrong Nature are to
take a handful of Rofemary-Leaves, and chopping them fmall, mix
them wiuh a quarter of a Pound of fweet-Butter, and then making it
into round Balls, give them unto the Horfe : Or elle take round pieces of
raw Melons, and thruft them down the Horfe's Throat : Or elfe to take
five green Figs, and put them down the Horfe's Throat.
g,;^^' The ftrongeft Pill is this : Take of Lard two Pound, laid in Wa-
ter two hours, then take nothing but a quarter of a Pound of the clean
Fat thereof, and ftamp it iu a Mortar, and thereto put of Liquoriih, of
Annifeeds, and of Fenugreek, of each beaten into Powder, one Ounce
and a half, of Aloes likewile in Powder one Ounce, of Agarick half an
Ounce, Knead all thele together like a Pafte, and make thereof four or
five Balls, and give it the Horfe. The laft receipted Pill is fingular good
for the dry Cough, and all the other Pills are moft foveraign for all In-
firmities of the Head, which grow either from Flegm, Melancholy, or
any other cold or moift Caufe whatlbever. Now for Purgations, which
are the ftrongeft cleanlers of the Body, they be thele : Take two Ounces
of Myrrh, and mix it with a pint of Wine , and it will purge all
Sicknefs which proceedeth of Choler-, the Signs whereof are, his Belly
will fwell, be very hot, and he can neither dung nor break-wind Take
a pint of Wine, and beat a raw Egg therein, and add to it a quarter of an
Ounce of Primftone, and half an Ounce of Myrrh beaten to Powder^
ai:d give it the Horfe lukewarm, and it will purge all inward Difeales
proceeding of Melancholy. Two Spoonfuls of the powder Diapente,
given with half a pint of Swine's Greafe, purgeth all Difeafes proceed-
ing of Flegm. Take as much Black-Soap as a Wallnut, a Quart of
new Milk, and a quarter of a pint of Salkt-Oyl, and give it the Horfe
luke-warm, and it purgeth all cold Infrmities, but maketh the Horfe
exceeding Sick. Take the Guts of a Teuch or Barbel, being cut into
little
no Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. I.
little fmall pieces, and give it the Horfe in a Quart of White-wine, and
it will purge the Horfe from all Coftivenefs or pain in the Guts. Rye
being boiled, fo that it burft not, then dried again, and given the Horfe
inftead of Provender, purgeth and killeth all manner of Worms : Take
of Radiih-Roots one Ounce, of the Root called Panax, and of Scamony,
of each half an Ounce, beat all thefe together, and boil them in a Quart
of Honey, then give the Horfe two Spoonfuls of this in a Quart of Ale
luke-warm to drink, and it will purge all grofs Humours, from whence
proceedeth either the Falling-Evil, or any Difeafe of the Brain.
Take and Boil Elicampane-Roots in Milk till they be foft, that you
may bruife them to pap, and then adding thereto half a pint of Sallet-
Oil, give it the Horfe to drink luke-warm, and this will purge and
cleanfe any kind of Glanders. Take of fweet Soap a quarter of a Pound,
and make it into three Balls, and give them to the Horfe, and it will
purge all evil Humours whatfoever, both violently, and moft abun-
dantly.
C H A p. CI. A mofi excellent Scouring for any Horfe, Sich or Sound, and
efpeclally for Running or Hunting Horfes, whofe Greafe muft necejfarily he
Molten.
FOrafmuch as the greateft Art which doth belong to the Keeper
either of Running or Hunting Horfes, confifteth in the taking away
from the Horfe his grofs Glut and Fat, which not only offendeth the
vital parts, but alfo ftoppeth up the Conduits and VelTels of Wind, and
that it cannot any way be done, but by Scouring after Exercife ; you
ihall underftand, that the beft of all Scourings, which hath hitherto been
approved, is this, which 1 will here fet down : You fliall take twenty
Raifms of the Sun, and pick out the Stones, and ten Figs, which you
fhall flit in the midft round-wife, boil them in a Pottle of Running- Wa-
ter till the Water be confumed, and thickned •, then take the Powder of
Licoras, Annifeeds, and Sugarcandy finely fearfed, and mix it with the
Raifms and Figs, ftamping and working them together till it be brought
to ftiff Pafte, then making round Balls thereof of a pretty bignefs, role
and cover them all over with fweet Butter, and give fo many of them
unto the Horfe as you fliall think meet for his ftrength ; provided that
the Day before, you mull give your Horfe fuch Exercife as will be fure
to melt his Greafe, and that immediately before you give him this
Medicine, you alfo warm him throughly, that the Humours being again
ftirred up, the Medicine may work more effeftually.
C H A P^
Lib. f. Of Cures Phyfzcal, m
Chat. CI I. Of Neeung or Fumigation, and the Vfe thereof.
THere is yet alfo another manner of purging a Horfe, and elpe-
cially his Head, and that is, by forcing liim to Neeze or Snort
violently at his Nofe, cafting forth all lilty and grofs Matter, which
othewiie will olFend and opprefs the Brain •, and this Neezing is wrought
fbmetimes by Fumes or Smoaks, Ibmetimes by Powders, and fometimes
by Oils, the iharpnefs of which, tickling the tender and quick parts of
the Head, do compel this Snorting andNeezing : Surely there is no
Purgation more wholefome, for it cleanfeth and leparateth grofs Mat-
ter, Jo it comforteth and maketh ftrong the Brain Now to come unto
particular Medicines which do procure this Neezing, they be thele :
Squirt into a Horfe's Koftrils either Man's Urine which is Old, or the
Urine of an Ox which hath had much Reft, and it will force a Horfe
to Neeze, and is moft wholefome for any Quotidian Fever. Take the
Powder of Gum-Dragant, Eufens, and Damask Rofes well mixt toge-
ther, and blow it with a Quill into the Horfe's Noftrils, and it is good
either againft the Feaver in Summer or Winter. Take warm Vinegar
and fquirt it into his Noftrils, and it is comfortable againft the Feaver
which Cometh by raw Die:eftion.
Take Gar lick Stalks a handful, being broke into little pieces, and a
good Quantity of Frankincenfe, and being put upon a Chafing-diili and
Coals, hold the Chafing-difh under the Horfe's Noftils, io that the Fume
may afcend up into his Head : And this is moft excellent againft the
Head-ach. Take Feathers and Brimftone, and burn them on a Chafing-
difli of Coals under the Horfe's Nole ^ or blow Pepper and Perithree
beaten to powder up into his Noftrils, either of thefe are moft excellent
againft the Sleeping-Evil. Take the powder of Motherwort, and blow
it up into the Horfe's Noftrils, and it is good againft the Falling-Evil.
Take two Goofe-Feathers anointed over with Oil deBay, and thruft them
up and down in the Horle's Noftrils : Or elfe take Sage, Penny-royal, ,
Wheat, long fodden together, and put into a Bag as hot as may be,whicli
Bag ihould be fo clofe faftened to the Horfe's Head, that all the Smoak
and Savour thereof may afcend up into his Noftrils : Or, take a Clout
anointed with Soap or Oil de Bay, and rub it up and down his Noftrils
as high as may be. Any of thefe, or ail thefe together are m.oft excel-
lent againft any Cold, Poze, or other Obftruftions in tlie Head. Take
Orpiment and Sulphur, and burn them on the Coals, and hold It under
the Horfe's Nofe : Or take Oil de Bay, Euforbium, and White Helle-
bore, and anointing two Feathers therewith, thruft them up into the
Horfe's Noftrils : Both thefe are good againft the Glanders.
Take of the Stalks of Briony, or Wild-Vine, two handfuls, and bruife
them betwixt two Stones, and being lb bruifed, put them Into a Linnen
112 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. I,
Bag, and faften the Bag to he Horfe's Head that the Scent may go up
into his Noftrils without touching the Herb with his Mouth, and this is
excellent againft the Mourning of the Chine, or any inward Cough.
Take of Rofemary, of Naid, and of Sage dried and beaten into fine
Powder, of each a like weight, and with a Quill blow them up into the
Horfe's Noftrils •, or take the Powder of White Pepper, or of Salt Nitre,
or of Iris lllirica, or Black Eleboris, and blow them with a Quill up into
the Horfe's Koftrils : Or take Linnen chopt, dipt in the Dregs of Oil,
and fetting it on Fire, then faddenly put it out again, and let the Smoak
afcend up into the Horfe's Noftrils: Or Iquirt into his Noftrils Arifto-
Jochia mixt with Wine : Or Salt Nitre mixt with Water, or Salt and
Roch Allom mixt with NVine, or take Ground-Ivy beaten fmall and tiiruii
up into his Nofe : Or Bay-Berries beaten fmall, and burnt on the Coals
under the Horfe's Nofe : Or a Coal of Fire put into a lump of wet Hay,
making a fmothering Smoak, and held under the Horfe's Noie. And all
of thefe are moft exellent againil ainy Difeafeof the Head,efpecially Stag-
gers, Colds, Glanders, Strangle, and fuch like.
^<3^ Yet all thefe have their feveral Imperfedions : The beft Fumes
then of all others whatfoever is, To take the beft Olibanum, Storax,
and Benjamine, and bruifmg them grofly together, burn them under the
Horfe's Nofe.
'C H A p. cm. of Fritllons and Baths, and of their feveral Vfes.
Riftions or Baths, are a certain Rubbing, Anointing, or Bathing of
a Horfe's Body all over, elpecially againft the Hair, becaufe the
Medicine may link in fo much the better, with Comfortable and Sove-
rain Unguents whofe Vertues do loofen the Skin, chear up the inward
Spirits, and fpread a lively heat and feeling over the whole Body : And
of Frictions, both according to the Opininion of the Old Farriers and
alio the beft of this prefent Age, thele are the moft Soveraign : Take of
Damask Roles one Pound, of old Oil one Pint, of ftrong Vinegar one
Pint and a half, of Mint and Rue beaten into Powder, of each one Ounce
and a half, together with one old dry' Nut, beat them, and mingle them
well together : Then being ftrained and made luke-warm, if it be in the
Summer-time, and that the Sun ftiine hot, take the Horfe abroad ^ but if
otherwife, keep him in the Stable, and heating a Bar of Iron exceeding
hot, hold , it over, and on each fide the Horfe, and with the Ointment
rub and chafe the Horfe all over againft the Hair until the Horfe begin
to Sweat :^ then Cloath the Horfe very warm, and let him ftand. This
Friftion is excellent againft all Winter Feavers, or any inward Sicknels
that cometh of Cold. Take of Black Eleborus two or three handfuls,
and boil it in a fufficient Quantity of ftrongVinegar,and with tJiat rub and
chafe all the Horfe's Head and Body quite over once or twice a Day, and
it
Lib. I. Of Cures Phyfical, 1 1 5
it is moft excellent againft Frenzy, Madnefs, or any Drinefs, or Scalinefs
of the Skin.
^cr* Take Oil de Bay, or Dialthea, and anoint all the Horfe's Body
all over therewith, holding a Pan of Coals, or a hot Bar of Iron near
the Ointment, to ir.ake it fmk in *, or elfe make him a Bath of Running
Water, wherein is boiled Rue, Wormwood, Sage, Juniper, Bay-leaves,
and HyfTop, ai.d Bathe all his Body therewith : Either of thefe are molt
Ibveraign for the Mourning of the Chine, or any Difeafe of the Liver,
Lungs, or Spleen. Take Wine and Oil, and having mixc them together.
Chafe and Rub the Horfe's Body therewith, and it is moft ibveraign for
any inward Sicknefs, efpecially the Liver. To Bathe a Horfe in Salt-
Water is very wholelbme, both for the Horfe's Skin, and alio for any
Difeafe in the Stomach.
Laftly, Take of Mallows, of Sage, of each twoor threeliandfuls, and
a Role Cake, boil them together in water, then being boiled till the wa-
ter be all confumed, add a good Quantity of Butter, or Sallet-Oil, and
mixing them together, bathe all the Horfe's four Legs therewith, and all
the Parts of his Body alio : and there is nothing more Ibveraign for a
Horfe that hath been tired or over-traveled. To let Blood, and with that
Blood, and Oil, and Vinegar, prefently to Anoint his Body, helps moft
forts of Infirmities.
Chap. CIV. General Drenches or Medicines for alt the inward Dijeafes or
Surfeits in Horfes.
|C?T^Here is no Medicine more foveraign for all Difeafes which
X breed in a Horfe's Body, than to take half an Ounce of the
Powder called Diapente, and brew it either with a pint of Sack, if it be
for Colds, as Muskadine, if it be for heart-ficknefs, and lo give it the
Horfe to drink fafting in the Morning : And do this at leaft three Morn-
ings together, efpecially when the Horfe beginneth firft to Droop. The
next to this, is. To take Selladine two handfuls, both Root and Leaves,
chop them and bruife them : Then take of Rue as much, Red-Sage and
Mint as much, add of Aloes half an Ounce ^ boil thefe in a pottle of
Beer or Ale till the one half be confumed, and then give it the Horfe
iuke-warm to drink.
Take four Ounces of Diapente, and miJt it with four Ounces of clari-
fied Honey, and keep it in a clofe Glals, and give half an Ounce th'ereof
with a pint of ilveet Wine to the Horle to drink, and it is an excellent
Drench , Take of Liquorifh an Ounce, Annifeeds, Cummin-leeds, E-
licampane-Roots, of each half an Ounce, of Turmerick and Bays, of
each a quarter of an Ounce, of Long-Pepper and Fennugreek, of each
two Drams, beat thele fmall and fearfe them, and put fi^e Ipoonfuls
thereof into a Quart of Ale warmed with a little Butter or Oil, and it is
Q. very
114 ^f ^^^^^ Phyfical. Lib. L
very foveraign for any Difeafe coming of old Caufes. Take a Quart of
good Ale or Wine, a raw Egg beaten and mingled with twelve Serirples
of quick Sulphur, and four Scruples of Myrrh n^ade into powder, and
give it the Horfe to drink, it is a good Drench. The Powder of Bf im-
iloiie mixt with fweet Wine, is a good Drench aifo. The Root of the
Sea-Onion, the Roots of Poplar, called the Greek Rhamnos, mingled
with common Salt, given in Water, keepeth the Horfe long in health.
Take fine powder of Fenugreek, and bruife it, feethe it in Water
till it wax thick, add a Pound of fweet-Butter, an Ounce of Linfeed Oii,
and as much of the Oil of Nuts ; mingle them well together, and give
it the Horfe in three or four Days to drink, by a pretty Quantity at a
time. Selladine fimply of it felf, or Rue fimply of it lelf, boiled in
Beer or Ale, and as much Brimftone as a Wabmt, is an excellent Drench
for any long taken Surfeit. Garlick and Houfleek beaten together in a
Mortar, and then boiled in Beer or Ale from a Pottle to a Quart, then
mixt with Liquorifh, Annifeeds, and Sugar-candy, and a pretty Quan-
tity of Sallet-Oil, is an excellent Drench for any inward iicknefs, which
doth proceed from hot Caufes, as is the Frenzy, the Anticor, and luch
like. And thus much of general Drenches, and their Ufes.
Chap. CV. How to make the Towder called Diapente.
TH I S Word Diafente is as much as to fay, Compofition of five
Simples; for the Receipt is thus compounded : Take of Gentian,
of Ariftolochia, of Bay-berries, of Myrrh, and of theihavings of Ivo-
ry, of each a like Quantity, beat theni into very fine Powder, and then
fearfe it. This Powder is praifed to be a prefervative or Medicine
againft all inward Difeafes : And therefore I would wiih every Farrier,
and all fuch as are the Makers of good Horfes never to be without it.
Chap. CVI. A mofi Famous Recei-pt, which is both a jinguUr Drench an A
fingulat Ointment^ called of the Italians Accopum.
TA K E of Euforbium half an Ounce, of Caftoreum one Ounce
of Adraces half a quarter of a pound, Bedellium half an Ounce
an half a quarter, of Pepper a quarter of a Pound, Fox-Greafe half
an Ounce, Opoponax one Ounce, Laferpitium, three quarters of an
Ounce, Amoniacum half a quarter of apound, Pige©n's-dung as much,
Galbanum half an Ounce, Nitrum one Ounce one quarter, Spuma JSIi-
trum three quarters of an Ounce, Laudanum a full quarter of a pound,
Perethrum and Bay-berries, of each three quarters of an Ounce, Carda-
mum two Ounces, Seed of Rue, half a quarter of a Pound, feed of
Agnus Caftus one Ounce, Parfley half an Ounce, died Roots o^ Irc^AS, or
Fiower-de Luce, one Ounce one quarter. Hyffopand Carpobalfamuii a
quarter
Lib. I. Of Cures FhyficaL 1 1 ^
quarter of a Pound, Oil of Flower-de-Luce a Quarter of a Pound, and
half a quarter. Oil de Bay as much, Oil of Ppikenard three quarters
of a Pound, Oleum Cyprinum three quarters of a Pound, and half a
quarter, the oldeft Oil-Olive one Pound and a half, Pitch a quarter of
a Pound and two Ounces, Turpentine a quarter of a Pound, melt every-
one of thefe that will melt, feverally by themlelves, and then mingle
them together with the reft of the Simples beaten into fine Pow-
der ^ and after that they have been a little boiled on the Fire, take it
off and ftrain it into a fair Vellel, and whenfoever you will give your
Horfe any thereof, give it him with Wine, or four or five Spoonfuls
with a Pint of Sack or Muskadine : And if with long keeping it waxeth
any thing ftiif or hard, then ibften it with the Oil of Cyprefs, lb that it
may be good and thick.
This Confection is both a Medicine' and an Ointment j if you put it in
the Horfe's Noftriis, it will draw out all noifome Humours, and difcharge
his Head of all Griefs : If you anoint his Body therewith, ithealethal!
Convulfions, Colds, and Dizzinefs, or Withering of the Body ^ and if you
Bathe his Limbs therewith, it driveth away all Wearinefs and Tiring ^
and if you give it him with Wine to drink,' it cureth all inward Maladies.
Ch A p. CVII. Hoxc to make the Oil of Oats.
TAKE of Milk two Gallons, and warming it on the Fire, put there-
to a quarter of a Pound of burnt-Allom, which will make it run of
Curdsjthen take out theCurds and caft it away, then ftrain the Whey thro'
a courfe Cloath in a clean Vellel : Then take a quarter ot a Peck of clean
husked Oats thtt were never dried, and put them into the Whey, and fet
them on the fire till the Oats buift, and be loft ; then take them off, and
put them into a Cullender that is full of holes, fo that the Whey may go
. gentlyfrom them without any prefirmg(for you muftkeep the Oats as moift
as may be : ) This done, put the Oats in a Frying-pan, and fet them over
!th«^ Fare, -ftirringthem continually till you fee the Vapour or Smoak of
them not afcend upwards, but as it were run about the Pan, then fuddenly
take them off, and putting them into a Prefs,prefs them moft exceedingly,
and look what cometh from them,is only the Oil of them, which you muft
fave in ti clofeGlais. Now there are other more artificial and curious ways ♦
to Diftill and Extraft this Oil, but this of all other is the moft eafieft apd
fureft for every mean Capacity. This Oil of Oats is of all Medicines and
Simples whatfoever, the moft excellent and foverain for a Horfe's Body,
as being extracted from the moft natural, wholefome and beft Food which
doth belong unto a Horfe's Body. This Oil being given by four or five
. Spoonfuls at a time in a Pint of fweet Wine, or a Quart of ftrong Ale, or
ibme of the Whey poured into the Horfe's Noftriis, doth cure the Glan-
ders before all other Medicines. It is^alfo ("giveu m tJie fame manner) the
0.2 ^e^"
11(5 Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
beft of all Purgations-, for it purgeth away all thofe venemous and filthy
Humours, which feedeth the moft incurable Farcy whatfbever. And for
mine own part, as long as I can conveniently come by this Oil of Oats, fo
long will I never in any Medicine whatfoever, ufe any other Oil or Uunc-
tuous Matter than it only •, I having found by Experience, that it is the
ibveraign of all Simples of that Kind, whatfoever they be.
Chap, CVIII. Certain brief Ohfervations to he ohferved at Home and j^rond^
whilst the Horfe is in Health.
T»H E S E Obfervations now following, are gathered from the moft
exaft Principles, and infallible Grounds of the beft and fureft ap-
proved Horle-men either of this Kingdom, or any other Nation within
Chrifiendom.
Firft then, for the general Feeding of your Horfe when he is in health,
you fhall feed him with Straw, Hay, Oats, fine little Wheat, Beans, Bar-
ley, Bread made of Beans, Peale, or Fitches, or any other Meat that
fwells not in the Horfe's Body.
It is the Opinion of Catnerarius, firft to give Provender, then Hay, and
iaftly Water ^ but our Engliih Cuftom is, firft Hay and then Water, and
laftly Provender.
In your Travel feed your Horfe betimes for all Night, that thereby the
Horfe may fooner take his Reft.
The Quantity of Provender which you Jhall give your Horfe at one
time, fhall be as much as you can hold in the Palm of both your Hands
at fix times, or three Pints by Meafare.
Horfe's Bread which is iiiade of clean Beans, clean Peafe, or clean
Fitches, feedeth exceedingly.
Let your Horfe's Meat nnd Drink be exceeding fweet and clean, yet
his Water by no means extream cold, running Water from the Rock ;
for it pirceth too much.
To rub your Horfe's Mouth with Salt and Wine, wiH make him both
eat and drink with a much better Appetite.
Let your Horfe neither eat when he is hot,nor drink when he is hot^
nor prefently after his Travel.
Labour your Horfe moderately, when the Weather is either extream
hot or extream cold,that fo you may avoid extream heats or fudden colds.
Travel not your Horfe too late, that your own Eye may fee hira well
dried, and well fed before you take your own reft.
Never toke your Saddle from your Horfe's Back fuddenly.
Lend not your Horfe, left your felf walk on Foot.
Let your Horfe lie clean and dry, keep your Stable fweet, let no Swine
lie near it, nor let any Pullen come within it.
Let your Horfe be ever tied with two Reins*
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, 1 1 7
Let the Light of your Stable be ever towards South and North, yet
^o as the North Windows may in the Winter be Ihut clofe at pleafure,
and opened in the Summer to give frefhAir.
Ride your Horfe oft a little on Stony Ways, that he may the better feel
his Feet, and harden his Hoofs.
Have ever near your Stable fome clofe plain Green, that your Horfe
being let loofe, he may oft tumble himfelf thereon.
Let your Horfe's Bed be of foft fweet Straw, fomewhat above his
Knees, of which,Wheat-ftraw is the beft : For though Barley-ftraw be the
Ibfteft, yet a Horfe will covet to eat it, and it is unwholefome, and
Wheat-ftraw is not unwholefome to eat, yet it is hard to lie upon : AvS
for Oat-ftraw it is the beft in the Superlative, for it is both wholelbme
to eat, and foft to lie upon.
Curry or Drefs your Horfe twice a-Day, that is, before Water, and
when he is curried, rub him with your Hand and with a Rubber ^ his
Head fhould be rubbed with a wet Cloath, and his Cods made clean with a
dry Cloth : His Foretop, his Mane, and his Tail, ihould be often wet
with a wet Mane-comb, and ever where the Horfe's hair is thinneft, there
Curry the gentleft. .
Let the Plaunces of your Stable lye even and level, that your Horfe •
may ftand at his Eafe, and not prove Lame by too much oppreifing his
hinder-parts.
Let not any Mud-wall be within your Horfe's reach, for he will natu-
rally covet to eat it, and nothing is more unwholefome.
Give your Horfe plenty of Garbage (which is chopt Wheat-ftraw)
both with his Provender, and without.
Let your Hay-bottles be very little, and tied very hard: For fo your
Horfe fhall eat with the beft Stomach, and make the leaft Wafte.
To fpiiikle Water upon your Hay, is moft wholefbme, and to Iprinkle
Fenugreek upon your Provender, is as Ibveraign ; The firft is good for
the Wind, the latter fer Worms.
Give your Horfe daily Exercife, for that gets the beft Stomach to his
Meat.
Purge your Horfe once a Year with Grafs, or with green blades of Corn.,
called Forrage, for fifteen Days together ^ yet before you purge, in any
Cafe let him Blood; and whilft he "is in purging, by no means let him
have any Provender.
A Horfe after Travel hn.th ever more Blood than any Beaft whatfoever»
Green Grafs or Forrage cleanfeth the Blood, encreafeth Srength, heal-
eth Difeales, avoideth Melancholy^ helpeth the Horfe's Growth, and
maketh the Skin Smooth: Whilft the Horfe is at Soil, by no means let
him take Qold.
The Northern Man Watereth two Hours before he Rideth at the leaft,
then.
ii8 Of Cures' Phyfzcal. Lib. I'
then lets the Hoiie eat a little Hay, then gives Provender, but hot
much, and Bridleth the Horfe up a quarter of an hour before he rideth :
At Night he Watereth two Miles before he taketh his Lodging, then Ri-
deth eafily : he neither walketh his Horfe nor ftuffeth hiin, nor loofeth a-
ny Girt, but only rubbeth him very clean, and fo lets him bite upon his
Bridle half an Hour after, with good ftore of Litter under him ^ then he
gives the Horie Hay, and after Provender, before he goethto water again
(yet but a little) then fee the Horfe throughly well dreffed and 'rubbed,
well littered and moft fuilicently meated.
There be others which walk after Labour, then rub well, littereth and
unbridleth ^ both which be good, fo that the one hath not too much walk-
ing, not the other too cold a Stable. But howfoever ftuff not your Horfe
backwards, but betwixt his fore. Legs, and foremoft girt : For backward
fluffing is perillous, left drawing his Yard when he would ftale, he draw
back in his flieath any of the Litter that ftops him. The Noithern Man's
ufe agreeth with the French Principles, which faith, Ule no other walk-
ing than your lelf on your Horle-back by riding him gently till you come
at your Inn, and ib make him cold, then iliake Litter under him, rub his
Legs, his Belly and every part of his Body well, till he be dry, then unbri-
dle him, rub his Head well, and give him Hay ^ flack no Girt till it be
Night, that the Windows be ihut ^ fuffer the Horle to drink but a little at
once, to avoid fudden cooling of the Stomach •, or driving the Horfe into
a fliaking Fever : At Night rub and curry vvell, and feed according to the
Horle's Stomach. ' '■_.
Other good Farriers ride "gently till the Hbrfe's Sinews be chafed, and
never water in Travel till the Horfe have flaled, and forbear to Travel
him fafl before he hath drank, that he may not drink in his great heat,
and they hold the flanding Water the beft • after water for a Mile they
ride foftly till his Water be warmed in riis Belly, and before fhey come to
their Inn they do not Water, hbr of an hour after they have unbridled ;
then they cloath well and give Provender, having a care that their Horfes
ftand not in the Wind, and that they have been rubbed dry and clean.
Now all thefe Principles are ecceeding good, yet 1 would wifh every Tra-
veler to learn how his Horfe hath been ufed, and that Cuftom ('if it be not
too much agaij]il: ReafbnJ flill to follow.
If you come late to your Inn, and that your Journey be great and ear-
ncft, fb that your Horfe will not eat till he have drank, arid yet is hot
notwithftanding, then let his Drink be Milk given in the dark, left, the
whitenefs make him refufe it : This is both cordial and pleafant : If you
cannot get Milk enough, then mingle Milk with water lukewarm, for no
Drink fhould be given to a Horfe hotter.
If your Horfe either by Lab.our or any Surfeits be brought low, lean,
and weak, you fhall give him Mares Milk to Drink many Days together,
and it will make him ftrong. It
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, up
It is not good to vvafli your Horfe, efpecially if he be either hot or very
Fat :: Othenvife you may v/aili his Legs above his Knees, fo that in no
Cafe -you wafh his Belly, and that you ride him a good round Pace after
his WaAir.g, then by no means Walk hira,but fet him up and Drefs him :
The purer the Water is wherein you wafh your Horfe, the more whole-
Ibme it is, fo that it is not tooexfe'ream cold.
The beft hours to wafh your Horfe in, (when he lives at reflj is be-
twixt {even and eigiit in the Pi/Iorning, and four or ftve" in the Evening.
When you Travel, at every fleep Hill light, both to refrefh your
Horfe and your felf.
Let a fat or hot Horfe have his Water at four times, and not io much
as he will drink at once i give him Provender twice at Kight, and but
once in the Morning •, let his Cloaths n.either be too hot, nor with Straw
too much fluffed : When he eateth good Hay, let him have lefs Proven-
der than when he eateth Straw : Give his Meat by little at once to avoid
glutting of him^ and let him ftand two hours every Day without Meat.
Rubbing much, hard, and well, doth, profit, preferve, and doth keep
both flrength of Bodv and Legs -^ for in rubbing and combing a Horfe
doth tajie much delight, and it doth better than much Meat.
To feed with Barley f according to the Opinion of the ancient Italians)
ingendreth good Blood, increafeth Strength and Courage, and maintain-
eth Health ^ but with us here in England, we find Oats to be much better
feeding.
In the Dog-days it is not wholefome to ride your Horfe oft in the Wa-
ter to allay his natural heat.
The Mafters Eye to fee his Horfe well curried, and with the hand
vvelj rubbed, and well meated, and the Stable fweet and clean kept, pre-
lerveth health, and wonderfully feedeth the Horfe.
Cleanfe and pick the foles and bottoms of your Horfe's feet oft, and
fiuff them well with Ox-dung, anoint his Hoofs with frefh Greafe, Tar,
or Tupentine.
Much Reft is the Mother and Nurfe of many Difeafcs.
'When you Ride, look often to your Saddle, and your Horfe's Shooes^
and you fliall find more eafe dn your Journey.
Chap. CXI. Certain [fecial Prinelfles In Foals and in Horfes^
THE Foals whofe Legs be long, will neyer be tall ', for of all Beafls
their Legs in length ever grow the leafi, and by the bignefs of their
Legs you fhall guefs the Strength and greatnefs of their Bodies.
Let your Colts^ if you can poifibly, never be houfed till they be pall
three Years old. " ■
Tlie Greek Horfe - (which we call the Turkey Horfe) is 'a moft excel-?
lent Horfe, fwift, bold, well headed, tali aid ftrong -5 many of them be .
White, fome Bn y fT ■ - . : p Sor rei, and fomi Black, 1>-e
I20 Of Cures Phyfical. Lib. I.
The Arabian Horfe is moft Swift and moft Beautiful.
The Horfe of Africay which we call the Barbary Horle, is of good
Courage, Swift, and Nimble, and therefore both the Turky Horle and
he muit be ufed with all Lenity and Gentlenefs, and not with Beating.
The Friezeland Horfe is Fiery, yet the worft of any.
The Fl^mifn Horfe is worfe than the Friezeland.
The Spaniih Gennet is Good, Swift, and Light.
The Neapolitan Courfer for all Ufes is moft Excellent and Beautiful.
Obferve to win your "Horfe by Patience and Gentleneis, and never be
Angry or Mad with your Horfe, if he be of great Mettle ; only the
Dull Horfe muft with much Beating be quickned and inflamed.
Anoint your Bitt when you put it firft into your Horfe's Mouth, with
Honey and the Powder of Liquoriih, or elfe with Honey and Salt, and
at no time put any Bitt or Snaffle into your Horfe's Mouth before you
havewaihed it.
Never take your Horfe back before you have the Bridie-Rein faft in
your hands, and when you walk down any Hill, by no Means drive your
Horfe loole before you.
If your Horfe have a long Back, let him have a large Saddle, and if
he have a low Back' let the Saddle have a high Seat, and if his Back be
iliort, let the Bolfters ftand the nearer and clofer together.
If your Horfe be Dull, you muft Spur him Ibundly, and after fuch
Spurring rub his Sides with Salt.
Chap. CX. Certain general Ohfervations concerning M^res.
N length and height, a Mare groweth till ilie be five Years old, and
a Horle till he be fix.
When a Mare is paft two Years old ftie may be Covered, but the beft
time is after four Years old.
Common Mare? may bring Foals every Year, but let your beft Mares
bring but every fecond Year, efpecially if they bring Horfe-Colts.
After Covering by no Means Travel yonr Mare.
To get Horfe-Colts, Cover before " the Full of the Moon, and when
the Sign is a Fe-male : And to get Mare-Colts Cover after the Full, and
in the Male Signs : For note it, there be Twelve Signs, Six Male, and
Six Fe-male.
To make a Mare ftand to her Horfing, fet her T)y the Horfe two or
three Days that he may much defxre, and be acquainted before he Cover
her , After bring them out, and let him Serve her, and have ready a
Pail-cf Water, which, when the Horfe ihrinkefh from her, pour upon
the Ridge of the Mare's Back, the fet them fo far afunder as that the
one may not hear the other : Do this three Mornings, and three Even-
ines together, the let her not come ner the Horfe after, till flie be hiit,
^ ^ ' left
Lib. I. Of Cures- Fhyfical , i^i
left the Defire of him again make her to ihoot out that which fhe kept before.
To know where your Mare be with Foal about Chriftmals, or no, pour a
little Water into her Ear, and if fhe only ftiake her Head, fhe is then with
Foal, but if fhe fhake both Head and Body alfo, fhe is not with Foal.
When you wean your Foals, take them ftrom the Mares four Days before the
Full of the Moon, and after the Foals have fo remained four and twenty Hours,
let them again Suck till they wax very full, then remove them for altogether,
and the next Morning give every one three flips of Savin, and fo after let them
have till they be three Years old, all plenty of Meat abroad, rather than in
the Stable.
Let your Stallion forTrotters be either Neapolitan Cou.rrer,or Arabian, Turk,
or Barbary ^ and for Amblers, either the Spanifh Gennet, or xho. Irilh Hobby,
Put your Marcs to the Horfe, from Middle March to Middle May^ or Mid-
dle Jz^w, the Moon having newly changed.
It is good to put the Horfe and the Mare for three or four Nights together
in Tome waft empty Houfs, and in the Morning take the Horfe a\vay and feed
him well-, but feed your Mare fparingly, efpccially give her a little Water.
At the end of fix Months, by no Means chafe your Mares, for then they arc
Qiiicknins and may eafily be made to caft their Foals.
The Wall-Eye either in Mare or Horfe, doth never fee perfectly, efpecially
when there is any Snow on the Ground.
A Mare goeth with Foal Eleven Months and Ten Days.
Let your Mare be of a mean Stature, large and broad, and of good Shapes %
and the Stallion of like Shape, but fomewhat taller ^ and temper their Natures
thus: Put unto the hot Horfe the cool Mare, and to the hot Mare the cool
Horfe : And let your Ground wh::rein you Breed, be dry, hilly, and with ru;-.-
ning Sreams in it.
CHAP, CXI. Certain fpecial Notes to he ohferved in the httying of a Horfe.
THIRST, Mark his Colour and his Shape, that is tc^ fay, a comely well pro-
•■- portioned Head, with an out-looking Eye, good well-raifed Shoulders, and
a thick large Breaft, broad Brawn, large and broad fist Leg?, fhort Pafterns,
and little Feet; For long Pafteras fhew Weaknefs, and broad Feet fhew riulnefs^
feel if he have no Glanders between his Chaps, no Splents, Curb nor Spa'v'en ^
look he be not Purfick or Broken-winded, put your Hand before his Eyes, to
know if he fees well, look into his Mouth *br his Age : If he be paft eight Years ■
old, feel all down the ftrunt of his Tail witii your Hand, and if you feel that
it be fmooth, then the Horfe is not very old, but if it have any rough Knobs
towards the End, buy him not, for his good Days are paft. Let him run at the
Halter's-end, for if he be Lame having that Liberty) he would favour that Leg
which is amifs, and not lean upon it. If he turn up the White of his Eye, or
lay his Ear to his Neck when he is ridden, he is a fullen Jade, and full of naugh-
ty Qualities: If when you ftirhim in the Stable, he ftare and look back upon
you with a ftout Countenance, it is .a Token of good Stomach m him •,
and great aptnefs to be taught -^ if he ftir the end of his Tail .is he palTeth out,
and is ridden, and yet doth not whisk it, it fheweth that his Pace is unperfeil ^
.be fure to fee him turn as fhort as may be, that you may know whether he be
fwayed in the Back or no : The middle ftature is the beft, and the fhort knit
Horfe is the ftrongeft. The Wall-Eye ever feeth worft.
R The
122 Of Cures Phy fecal. Lib. t
The Horfe that is of Nature gentle, fwifr, light, nimble, of eafie pace and
good colour, ftrong fc^ty and good loins, fpeedy in eating, good at his Proven-
der is ever the beft for Uih, and the readieft Money in the Market at all times.
See if the Hair in the Spurring-place be White,for it argueth flownefs and Spur^*
galling.
The Horfe^ that will Paw and beat theGround with his Foot when he is ftayed
from going forwards, is ever lik? to be good and durable in Travel.
Many other Notes there are that are needlefs to rehearle, which by the ob-
ferving of thefe will eafily come into your Memory.
CHAP* CXII. General Notes comcrning [ome Simples already fpoketj of ,
ALL manner of Marrows, or Piths, of what kind foever they be, muft be
""■ kept by themfelves in a dry cool place, and preferved from all Filth or
Uncleannefs, and from the Annoyance either of Wind or Fire, and fo they will
iafi: fully out a whole Year.
You Ihall keep no Syrups nor fweet Ele<5laaries, nor Pills, nor Powders, nor
Conferves of Flowers, nor any Ointments, Suets, or Emplaifters, above one
whole Year •, only bitter Ele(n:uaries, or Conferves of Fruits or Roots, will la ft
fully out two Years.
Of Oils, fome will lafl long, fome muft be new made: Oils extraded out of
Wood or Metals, will lafli long.
Gather Roots in Autumn, but take the fmall Sprigs from them, and make
them clean and dry.
Dry fmall Pvoots in the Shade and Wind, and great Roots either in the Wind
and Sun, or by the Fire *, lay them in a dry place towards the South, and they
will keep long, provided that neither Sun nor Moifture injure nor hurt them.
Gather all maner of Herbs when they do moft flourifh, and dry them in the
Shade, except they be very moift and apt to putrify ', they laft for the moft
part a whole Year.
Gather Seeds and Fruits when they be fully ripe^ they alfo laft but one whole
Year.
Gather the Rind or Bark of any Simple when the Herb is ripe *, dry them^
fend they will laft many Years,
The End of the Firfi BOOK.
The
Lib> I.
The Table of the Firft Book con-
taining all Cures Vhyficah
NAturd Compfition of Hoy fa Bodies, Page, i . Of the four Elementts
their Vertues and Operatious^ ibid. Of Temperaments, their feveral
Kini^Sy and how far they extend in Horfes, p. 4. Of Humours, to
■what End they fervc, p. 6. Of Members, n-iid their feveral Kinds,
p. 7. Of Powers, and how a Horfe'^s Body is governed by them, p. 8. Of Ac-
tions or Optraiions, wlsreto they bcloig, p. 9. Of Spirits, ar^d in what Part of
the Horfe's Body they remain, p. 1 o. Of the fix Things not Nutural, how they
Profit and how they Hurt, p. ii. Of Horfe^s Complexion, p. 13. Of inward
Sirbnjfcs, the Cavfes and feveral Kinds thereof, p. 15. Of the figns of Sick-
nefs, and of what Nature it co?7fijleth, p. 16. General Obfervations in the Phy-
ftckivg ofHorfes, p. 1 9. Of the Vrine, and Excrements of a Horfe, p. 2 1 .
Of fevers in q^e-neral, and the divers Kinds thereof, p. 23. Of the Quotidian
or every Day s B ever, and the Cure, p. 25. Of the Tertian Fever, ibid. Of
the Qnartan Fever p, 16. Of the Fever Continual, ibid. Of the HeEiick
Fever, p. 11. Of the Fever taken in Autumn, or the Fall of the Leaf, ibid
Of the Fever taken in the Summer Seafon, p. 28. Of the Fever taken in the
Vi'lnter Seafon, ibid. O-' the Fever which cometh by Surfeit of Meat only, p. 29.
Of Fevers Extraordinary, and firjl of Peflilent Fevers, ibid. Of the Plague
and Peflilence in Horfe s, of fsme called the G argil or Murrain, p. 30. Of the
Fever Accidental, ccmlni by fome Wound received, p. 31. One general, cer-
tain, and nnd approved cure for nil the Fevers and Sickneffes formerly rehear fed,
never yet difclofed from the Author^ s Breafl, ibid. Of the Difeafes in the
Head, p. 32. Of Head-ach, or Pain In the Head, p. 33. Of the Frenz.y,
and Madnefs in a Horfe, ibid. Of the Sleeping-Evil or Lethargy in a Horfe,
p. 34. Of a Horfe that is taken, or of Shrow-running, ibid. Of. the Staggers,
p. 36. Of the Falling-Evil, p. 37. Of the Night-Marc, p. 38. 0/ the
Apoplexy or Palfy, p. 39. Of the general Cramps, or Convulicn of Sinews,
p. 40. Of the Cold, or Poz.e in the Head, p. 42. How certainly to take aw.ty
atjy Cold, Poz.e, or Ratling in the Head, how violent foever, without giving any
wward A-fcdicine, p. 43. The PerfeHion and befl of all Med.icines for Poz^e or
Cold, ibid. Of a Horfe that is Hide-bound, p. 44. Of the Glanders, p. 4-5.
Two mefl certain and lately found out MedJcines, which will without all fail^cure
any Glanders, thouf^h our Farriers hold, it impojfible, d. 48. Of the Mourning
cf the Chine, p. 49. A mofl rare and certain approved Medicine, to cure any
Higli-running Glanders, called. The Aiour-aing of the Chine \ held of all A fen in-
curable, p- 5ir of the Cqugh, ibid. Of the inward, or wet Cough, pag. 52.
Of the Dry Cough, p, 53. Two excellent true and well approved Medicines for
any Cold, dry Cough, Jhortnefs of Breath, Purfinefs, or Broken-winded, p. 55. The
brjl of all other Medicines, for any dry Cough, never before revealed, p. 56. Of
R 1 the
The TABLE. Lib. I.
the Frtttlz.edy Broke fiy and Rotten Lungs y ibid. Of the Putrid and Rotten Lungs y
p. 65. Of ShortneJ's of Breath, or Purfnefs, p. 66. Of the Broken-windedy
Purpck Horfe. p. 67. Of the dry Malady, or Confumftion, p. 69. Of the
Ccnfumftlon of the Flejh, p. 70. How to nuke a Lean Horfe Fat, p. 71.
Tfje Allrror and-Muf-er of all Aiedicines, teaching how to make the leanefi and
unfoundefi that may be, fat, found, and ft ether for Market or Travel, in the
fp.tce of fourteen Days, p. 65. Of the Breafi-Pain, or Pain in the Breajl, p. 66,
Of the Sicknefs of the Heart, called the Anticor, ibid. Of tired Horfes, p.68.
Of the Difeafes of the Stomach, and firfl of the loathing of Meat, p. 71. Of
the ca fling out of the Horfe^s Drink, p. 72. Of Surfeiting with glut of Proven-
der, ibid. OfFoundring in the Body, being a Surfeit got cither by A<feat, Drinky
or Labour, p. 73. Of the Greedy-Worm, or Hungry-Evil in Horfes, p. 75.
Of the Difeafes oj the Liver in general, and frjt of the L:fi.<mmation thereof,
ibid. Of Obfruilions, Stoj^pings, or hard Knobs on the Liver, -p. 76. Of the
Cof'ifumftion of the Liver, p. 78. Of the Difeafes of the Gall, p. 79. Of
all fuch Difeafes as are incident to the Spleen, p. 80. Of the Telibws or Jaun-
dice, p. 8 r . Of the Dropfie or Evil Habit of the Body, p. 83. Of the Dif-
eafes in the Guts of a Horfe, and frfi of the Cholick, p. 85. Of the Bclly-ach,
or Fretting in the Belly, p. 8(5. Of the Coflivenefs, or Belly-bound, ibid. Of
the Lax, or too much Scourirg of Horfes, p. 87. Of the Bloody-Flux rn Horfesy
p. 88. Of the falling down of a Horfe' s Fundament, p. 89. Of the Bots,
Truncheons, and Worms in a Horfe'' s Body, p. 90. Of the Pain in a Horft's
Kidneys, p- 93- Of the Difeafes belonging to the Bladder or Vrine, and firfi
of the Stra?gury, ibid. Of the Paln-pifs, or pffi'g with Pain, p. 94. Of
the Stone, or Pifs fnffrcfi in a Horfe, ibid. Of a Horfe that Pi ffeth Blood,
p. 96. Of the Colt -Evil, p. 97. Of the Mattering of the Xard, p. 98. Of
the llieddlf.g of the Seed, ibid. Of the falling of the Tard, p* 99. Of the
Difeafes incident to Adares ', and firft of the Barrennefs of the Womb, p. 1 00.
Of the Pefrilent Confumftlon in Marcs, ibid. Of the Rage of Love in Mares,
iivui. Of Adores which cafl their Foals p. loi. Of Mares that are hard of
Foalirig, ibid. Of Adaklng a Mare cafl her Foal, p* 102. Of the Drinking
of Horfe-Leaches by Horfes, ibid. 0/ fwallowlng down Hen s- dung, or any
V'cnemous thing whatfocver, ibid. 0/ Purging A Medicines In General, and firjl
vf the Sufpofitory p. 103. Of CUfrers andVfes p. 104. Of Purgations and
their Vfes, p. 106. A 7nofl xcellent Scouring for a?iy Horfe, Sick, or Sound,and
efpeclally for Running or Hunting- Horfes, whofe Gre.tfe mufl ncccjfarily be Molten,
J). 110. Of Nvefmg or Fumiy^ation, and the life thereof, p. III. Of FrifMons and
B.ithj and of their fever al i.fes, p. II2. General Drenches or Jldedicines for all the
ihwtrd Difeafes or Surfeits in Horfes, p. 113. How to make the Powder called Di-
.^pente, p. 1 14. A moft Favious Receipt, which is both a fngular Drench and fin-
}\ular Olnt mem., called of the Italians, Accopum, ibid. How to make the Oil of
Oats, p. 115. Certain brief Obfervations to be obfcrved at Home and abroad whiljir
ths Horfe is in Health, p. 1 16. Certain fpecial Principles in Foals and in Horfes,
p. 119. Certain General Obfervations concerning Azures, p. 1 20. Certain fpectal
Notes lobe obferved in the buy'mg of a Horfe, p. 121. General Notes concerning
fome Samples already fpoken of ib. MARKKA M's
Lib. II. 125
M A R K H A Ms Mafterpiece.
The Second Book,
Containing all Cures Chyrnrgiral^ or fuch Infirmities
as being only outward, require the Ufe of Chjrurgerj, and
are called in Horfe-Leach-Craft, Horfes Sorames, CorreO:ed
and Enlarged.
Chap. I.
llHoM: Proportion of Meafure is required in every Member of a well-jiici^en Horfe,
FOrafmuch as the great Subftance of this Art of Chyrurgery^ or Se-
cond Part of Horfe-Leach-Craft, applied only unto outward In-
firmities, confifteth of Incifions, Cauterifmgs, Qprrodings, and
Difmembrings, as well as of Comfortings, Incarnating, Cleanfing,
Conglutinating, and binding up Members in their true Form, and that
all jointly together, go but about to make a true and well-formed Body :
I think it meeteft that I begin with the true Proportion and Meafure
which is required in every Member of a well-fliaped Horfe, that the care-
ful Farrier thereby underftanding, how, and in what failiion every Linea-
ment fhould be placed, or what Proportion and Quantity they do contain,
he may at no time through Ignorance either Difmember or Difgrace the
iame^ as I have many times feen fimple Farriers do, when contrary to all
Art and Rule, they have cut in funder the main Cords, Sinews, and
Tendons, by which a Horfe's Limbs are governed.
To begin then : You ftiall underftand, That, according to the De-
fcription of the moft ancient and worthy Farriers, there are in a Porfe's
Palate of his Mouth twelve Bars or Degrees like Steps, one above ano-
ther, ftanding ('when his Mouth is turned upwards) like a pair of Stairs v
his Tongue would be half a Foot long, his Upper-Lip fix Inches, and his
Nether-Lip five Inches long •, each of his jaws would be ten Inches long,
his Head from his Eyes downward, full twelve Inches long ^ his Ears
five Inches long ^ the circuit or compafs of his Eye four Inches about
his Neck from the Nape of his Head unto the Withers would be feven
Handfuls
^^ A^ ^ A-^ A'^^-^-y^^4J!k^-^rJlr^fA-^^-^^Jib
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^^^
^^
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Lib. ilo Of Cures CbyrnrgicaL 127
Handfuls, from the Withers to the Fillets twelve Handfuls and from
the Fillets to the fetting on of the Tail fix Handfuls \ The length of the
Shoulder would be twelve Inches, and the length of his Shank fix Inches,
the length of his Hinder-Hoof would be twelve Inches, and his Cambrel
five Inches, and the Length of the whole Body from tlie Head to the
Tail would be an hundred Inches. Now as Horfes are bigger or leffer,
fb thefe Meafnres either exceed, or are lefs ;, neither do I confidently
build upon thefe Inch Quantities of the ancient Farriers, becaufe I ha-
ving my felf ineafured many Horles, 1 never yet could find any certain-
ty in the Proportions : Only this is the moll certain Rule that ever I
could ever find, that look what Quantity is between the Nape of th2
Horfe's Neck, and the uttermoft part of the Withers, there muft ever
be twice lb much between the Withers and the fetting on of the Tail ^
and look what Quantity is between the top- of the Shoulder-blade, or top
of the \\'irhers, to the Elbow of the Horfe, it muft be twice fo mucli
from the Elbow to the fettipig on of the Hoof :i iind look how mucli it is
from the top of the Hip to the Stifling-place, it muft be twice lb mucli
from tlie Stifling-place to the fetting on of the Hinder Hoof: And this
is the certainelt Rule that ever I could find for a Horfe's trueft Propor-
tion. And therefore for your better Satisfadion, behold this Picture
that is now here' placed, which is the Anatomy of a moft perfeft Horfe,
with Lines drawn from every Member, direfting and Ihewing all the out-
ward Difeafes or Sorances belonging to a Horfe's Body.
Chap. II. Of the Veins helongmg to a Horfe ^ and how many there he.
IT is moft necelTary, that every good careful Farrier know all the
Principal Veins in a Horfe's Body, efpecially thofe which in the
time of Need, or in Sicknefs are to be opened -^ and therefore to begin.
You lliall know that from the Liver, which is the Fountain of Blood,
both in Man and Beaft doth arife one main great Conduit, or large
Vein, which afcending into the Body, doth divide it felf into thus many
Jleverai Branches, or leffer Rivulets. Firft, within the Palate of his
Mouth, above the firft and third Bars, are two notable Veins, which
the beft Farriers do touch and ftrike when the Horfe hath any Difeale
in his Head, Brain, or Stomach. He hath alfo other two, which
delcend down from the lower parts of his Eyes unto his Noftrils, and
are ever op.ned for any Grief in the Eyes. He hath two others which
are above the Eyes, and run crofs the Templet of his Head, and are
called the Temple-Veins, which are likewife opened for all manner of
cold Difeafes in the Head ^ he hath alfo 'two great main Veins running
along each fide of the Wind-pipe, even from the uppermoft joynt of
his Nether Chap down to the Breaft, which are called the Neck- Veins,
and are thole which are ordinarily opened for any Difeafe whatfoever.
He
Lib. I, Of Cure f Phyfifal^ i^
He hath then two Veins which arife upwards from between his Fore-legs
to the top of his Breaft, and are called the Breaft- veins, and they are
opened when the Horfe hath any Fever, or is lick at heart. He hath other
two which iikewile afcend from between the Fore- legs , but do not
mount fo high as the Breaft-veins, but reft upon the foremoft Bough of
the Fore-leg, and they be called the Plat-veins, and they be opened either
for Foundring, or other grief in the Limbs. Fie hath other two Veins
which I'un down from the Elbow of the Fore Shoulder, down all along the
infide of the Fore-legs and are called the Shank-veins, which are opened
for Splents, Mallander, or fuch like. He hath then four Veins whkh run
along the Fet-locks of the Horfe, and are called the Shackle-veins,whicli
although they are but fmall, yet they are many times opened for ftiffnefs
in the Joints, or for Tiring : Then he hath four Veins about the Cornets, in
his Hoofs, and are called the Cornet-veins, and are opened for Foundring
in the Feet, or fov Ring-bones : Then he hath four Veins within his four
Hoofs, running about his Toes, and are called the Toe-veins, and are only
opened for Foundring or Frettizing in the Feet : Fie hath then two main
great Veins which delcend from his Stones along the infide of his Thighs
to his Cambrel, and are called the Kidey-veins, which are only opened
for Difeafes in the Kidneys : He hath then two other Veins which delcend
from above the hinder Cambrels, all along the infide of the hinder Legs
down to the Fet-locks, and are called the Spaven-veins, which are opened
for the Biood-lpaven only : He hath then two Veins in his Flanks, whicii
are called the Flank-veins, and are opened for any grief in the Reins
or Fillets : He hath then two Veins in his hinder Haunches, called tlie
Haunch-veins, and are opened for any manner of Confumption of the
Flefli, or fuch like: Then he hath two Veins which run alonjg his Side,
even from the Elbow or the Fore-leg unto the Flanck, and are called tlie
Spur-veins, and are opened for Foundring or Spur-galling. Laftly, he
hath one finagle Vein in his Tail, which is called the Tall-vein, and is
opened for the fhedding of the Hair or Manginefs. So there is in the
Horfe's Body of principal Veins, which upon Occafion muft be opened,
)uft Thirty feven, as you may perceive by this Figure, which is the true
Anatomy of all the principal" Veins, and others, in a Horfe's Body ^ where
you are to underfland, that the Letter A iheweth the Temple-vein., B
tne Eye-veins, C the Palate-veins, D the Keck-veins, E the Breaft-veiraS,
F the Plat-veins, G the Shank-veins, H the Cornet-veins, / the Koof-
veuis, K the Spur-veins, L the Kidney-veins, A'f the Spaven-veins, A''
the Flank-veins, O the Haunch-vein^, P the Tail-veins, Q^ and R the
Fet-lock- veins. Now for the other fmall Threds or Veins, which as it
were over-fpread the whole Body, becaufe Nature will allow no Part or
Member to be empty or void of Blood ^ they be alfo Veins derived from
the other two main great^Veins, yet of no Efficacy or Force, but fuch as
S upoia
130 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. L
upon any neceflary Incifion may very well be cut afunder without any
Flux of Blood, or other Da^iger : But for the other Mafter-veins, they
may not be cut but with great Peril. And thus much for Veins, which
are the Liftruments of Heat.
Chap. III. Of the Sinem in a Horfe^s Body.
Touching the Sinews within a Horfe's Body, you fhall underftand
that from the Brain, which i^ the Principal Fountain or Well-
fpring of Sinews whatfoever, there is derived one main Sinew or Tendon,
which palling through the hollownefs of the Neck and Back-bone, doth
extend it felf even to the nethermoft Joynt of the Horfe's ftrunt :
from his main Sinew is derived two fmall Branches, which palling through
certain holes in the top of the Horfe's Skull, run down along the Horle's
Cheeks, even to the point of his Noftrils : Then hath he two other
Branches, which palling through certain holes in his nether Chap, knit
that and the other together, and fo run down by his great Teeth, and
meet juft below his nether Lip : Then hath he Twenty eight fmall
Threads, which running through lb many fmall holes, in the leven Bones
of his Neck, knit them faft together : So likewife to knit all his Chine
even to the nether End of his Strunt faft together, the Number whereof
is infinite and uncertain : Then hath he two main great Sinews, which
extending themlel\;es over both the Spade-bones, are divided into many
Branches, and run down into the Fore-legs, even into the Coffins of the
Hoofs, and knit every Joint faft and fubftantially together : Then hath
Jie two other main Sinews, which coming though two holes to the great
Columel or fiat Bones of the Hips or Huckcle, do extend themfelves
(being divided into many Branches) down both the hinder-Legs, even
within the Coffins of the Hoof alfo, and bind all thefe feveral Joints
faft and ftrongly together. Now laftly, you fhall underftand, that from
the fetting on the Horfe's Neck unto the flat Columel or Huckle-bone,
doth extend one great broad Sinew, of three Inches broad, being of one
only thick and fmooth Subftance, without any one Thred or Branch de-
rived from it, which not only hold together the Shoulder-blades, but
alfo covereth all the Horfe's Chine quite over, and this of the common
Farriers is called Pax-wax : So that a Horfe hath in all, of main and
principal Sinews, from whence a World of other Sinews are derived,
^ juft Thirty eight, as you may more plainly perceive by the Pifture afore-
going, which is the perfeft Anatomy of all the Sinews within a Horfe's
Body, and how they are divided.
Chap. IV. Of the Number and Sitmtion of tht Bones in a Horfe's Body.
FIRST you fhall underftand, that every Horfe or Ox hath in his
whole Body, juft ojie hundred and feventy feveral Bones, and no
more 5
13^ Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. I.
more ^ that is to fay, in the upper part of his Head two Bones, from
the Fore-head to the Nofe two Bones, his nether Jaws two Bones, of Fore-
teeth twelve, of Tuilies four, of Grinders twenty four, from the Nape
of the Neck to the points of the Spade-bones, feven •, for the Spade-
bones to the Huckle-bones, eighfe •, from the Huckle-bones to the End of
the Tail, feven •, Then is there the great broad hinder-bone, which hath
twelve Seams or joints in it •, then is there the two Spade-bones, and
from thence to the Forcels or Canal-bones, other two Bones, called the
Marrow-bones, and from thence to the Knees, two called the Thigh-
bones, and from thence to the Pattern, other two called the Shank-bones,
and from thence downward into the Hoofs be in all fixteen little Bones.
There is a great Bone in the Horfe's Breaft, whereunto are fattened Thir-
ty fix Ribs great and fmall, and to the Columel behind be two Bones,
and from the Molars to the joints other two Bones, and alfo two Bones
towards the Ribs, from the bending of the Hoof unto the Leg, are two
fmall Bones,and from the Legs to the two Forcils of the Leg other two lit-
tle Bones, and from the Patterns into the Hoof, fixteen little Bones : All
which, and the fe vera 1 Situations you fhall more plainly behold in this
Picture, which is the moft perfed Anatomy of the Bones of a Horie,
being fimply compounded together, that can be by Demonttration.
C II A p. V. HoWy and when a Horfe (hould be let Blood ; the £nd whereof^
and the Signs neeejfary.
r "1*^ H E ancient Farriers, and thofe of thefe prefent times, are at
j[ Dilference touching the letting of a Horfe Blood : For fome would
liave him let Blood four times a Year ^ that is to fay, in the Spring, in
the Summer, in Autum, and in the Winter, Others would only have him
let Blood three times in the Year ^ namely, in May, when he is turned
to Grafs, becaufe the Blood then beginneth to encreafe. Secondly, in
Seftemher, that Blood if it be inflamed, may then evacuate and breathe
forth. And thirdly, in December, to let go the grofs and knotty Blood
which is bred by Labour or carelefs Keeping. Others would have a Horle
to be let Blood but once in a Year ^ Namely, in the beginning o? May
only, when he is to be put to Grafs, alledging this Reafbn, That if the
Horfe be not let Blood in the Spring, the new Blood being mixt with the
old corrupt Blood, will be apt to be inflamed, and fo draw upon the Horie
fome grievous Sicknefs, and the Reafon is excellent good. Others would
have the Horfe to be let Blood in the Vein not above once in the Year,
Namely, at the beginning of May : But in the Palate of the Mouth they
would have him let Blood at the leaft once every Month, alledging that
it will clear the Sight, comfort the Brain, and give him good Appetite to
his Meat ; But to conclude, there is none of thefe Opinions but are found
and good, fo the Horfe be young and in ftrengtb, his Blood increafing ;
but
'^■«««E'
154 ^f ^^^^^^ Thyfical. Lib. I*
but if he be old, and his Blood in the Ebb, then you cannot let Blood too
feldom. Now that it is fit a young Horie fhould be let Blood, is appro-
ved by the daily Experience of the Poland Horfes, who being at Liberty,
(out of Natural Inftinft themfelves) fail not once a Year to let themfelves
Blood ^ yet we have divers of our beft Farriers, who would not have a
Horfe let Blood before there be urgent Necefiity, left the Ufe of letting
Blood bring a Horfe to an evil Cuftom, and dranr on Sicknefs unexpected ^
but with that Opinion 1 cannot agree, becaufe 1 hold it more vertue to
prevent a Danger before it come, than to drive it away being prefent.
Now that of letting Blood breedeth in a Horfe weaknefs^ and maketh the
Blood to refort to the inward Parts, cloying the Heart and hitrails, and
making the outward Parts fat and Unwelldy, there is no Qiieftion but
that the letting a Horfe Blood twice in a Year, Namely, at beginning of
May and the §nd of December (at which times only I would have a Horf?
let Blood and no other j ifiould be accounted often, I fee no reafon. Now
for Stallions,the ancient Farriers would by no means have them let Blood,
becaufe fiy they, the Covering of Mares is as great an expence of Blood
as may be, affirming that one Ounce of Seed doth countervail five Ounces
of Blood -^ and truly I am of that Opinion too : But whereas they like-
wife advile by no menas to let Geldings Blood, becaufe the Lefs of their
Stones is the lofs of their natural heat ^ to that 1 am much contrary, be-
caufe I have found it by continual Experience, that Geldings do as oft die
through the corruption and abundance of Blood as Horfes ^ nay, and much
more oftner, inafmuch as they want the helps which the Horfes have for
purging their Blood from uncleannefs. Now in the letting of Horfes
Blood, every careful Farrier is firft to relpe£l the Climate under which
the Horfe is bred, knowing that thofe Horfes which are bred in cold
Countries, have ever more Blood than thofe which are bred in the hot :
Then he muft confider the time of the Year, which ihould ever be the
Spring, or the Fall of the Leaf, both thele times being moft temperate,
neither exceeding in heat nor in cold. Next he muft regard the time of
the Day, which ftiould ever be in the Morning fafting, fo it be not the
Horfe's waking from fleep, but at leaft an hour or two after-, then he muft
look unto the ftate of the Moon, that the Sign be not in that part of the
Body where he intendeth to let Blood. Next he muft look to the Horfe's
Age ^ if he be Young, and not come to his Growth, it will hinder his
waxing : And if he be Old and come to Decrepidnefs, his Blood had
more need be repaired than wafted. Laftly, he ftiall look to the Horfe's
Strength and ancient Cuftom, and fo accordingly he fhall deal with him,
obferviiig that fome Horfes may better fpare two or three Pound of Blood
than other fome one Pound. Now thus much I have fpoken touching or-
dinary and natural letting of Blood, without compulfion of any Sicknefs
or Difeafe j but in Cafe where Sicknefs or Infirmity craveth this Office of
letting
Lib. I. Of Cures Fhyfical, i g 5
letting Blood, there you fhall neither refpeft ClimatejSealbn of the Year,
Time of the Day, ^ign. Age, Strength, nor Cuftom, but letting allafide,
apply yo'jr ie'f only to the removing of the InHrmity. Now the Signs to
know if a Hone ftand in need to be let Blood are thefe : His Eyes will
look Red, and his Veins will fwell more than ordinary , alfo he will have
a certain Itch about his Mane and his Tail, and ftill be contiiiually rub-
bing them ;, and fometimes will fhed fome of his Hair alfo : He wiU now
and the 1 pi.l about the roots of his Ears, or in thole places where the
Head-ft'ill of the Bridle lies : His Urine will be Red and high-coloured,
nnd liis Dunp; v/ill be black and hard : Alio if he hath red Inflammations,
or lictle Bi'bbles on his Back, or doth not digeft his Meat well, it is a figu
the Horfj ihouKi be let Blood ; or if he hath any apparent ngn or Yel-
lownefs in tne Whites of his Eyes or in the inlide of his Lips, either up-
per or necher, is is a fign he iliould be let Blood : For after any of thefe
Signs does mc-'t commonly follow Ibme one or other grievous Sicknefs,
which to prevent, is the true Art of a skilful Farrier. Now it is fit that
when you intend to let a Horfe Blood ^having leifure to do the fame) that
you fulft.r him to be thinly dietted a Day or two before he be let Blood,
to the End that his Body may be quiet, and not troubled with Digeftion.
Now for the Manner of letting a Horfe Blood, you fliall as near as you
as can, let him fl:and upon even Ground, and if it be the Neck- vein which
you wouldiirike, you Jhall take a long fmall Cord with a Noofe, and put-
ting it over the Horfe's Neck, as clofe to the fetting on of the Shoulder
you can, there draw it as ftrait as is poiTible, and then faften it with a
running Knot, and prefently you ihall fee the Vein to appear as big as a
Man's Little-fingar, even from the nether Chap down to the Neck. Now
you are to obferve that the Place where you are to ftrike the Vein, is even
within three Fingers or four Fingers at the moft of the nether Chap : As
thus J if your Horfe have a long, fine, thin Neck and Skin, then you may
ftrike the Vein within three Fingers or lefs of the Chap, (fince the higher
is ever the better) but if he have a ihort chub Neck, with a thick Skiji,
and many wreaths or rouls abont the letting on of his Chaps, then you
Ihall ftrike the Vein at leaft four Fingers from the Chap,left thofe wreaths,
together with the thicknefs of the Skin, do fo defend the Vein that your
Fleim cannot reach it. When you have thus raifed the Vein up, you fhail
caufe one to ftand on the contrary Side of the Horfe, and with his Fift
to thruft the Vein forth hard againft you : then you fhall either with a
wet Spunge, or with a little Spittle, wet the part of the Vein which you
mean to ftrike, and then leparating the Hair, {et your Fleim even and
direftly upon the Vein ^ and then with a good fmart Blow ftrike it into
the Vein : Which done, you ihall caufe one to put his Finger into the
Horfe's Mouth, and tickling him in the Roof thereof, make him Chaw
and move his Chaps, for that will force the Blood to fpin forth. Now
X36 Of Cures Phyficai Lib. I,
theBlood which you take from the Horfe, it is very necfTary that you
fave in divers VelFels, for divers Caufes : As Firft, that you may fee when
all the corrupt Blood is come forth, and that when the Colour thereof
is grown pure and fo remaineth being cold, that then you fuffer the Horfe
to bleed no more •, or elle that you fave it to Bathe the Horfe's Body
therewith, which is mofl woiefome ^ or elfe to make a Medicine there-
withal, by mingling with the Blood Vinegar and Oil. And fo Bathe the
Horfe's Body therewith, efpecially that place which was let Blood. For
the ancient Farriers hold an Opinion,That it is endued witli a certain Na-
tural Vertue, and Power to comfort the weaknefs and feeble Members of
a Horfe, and to dry up all evil Humours. Now affoon as your Horfe hath
bled iufficiently, you fliall let loofe the Cord, and immediately the Vein
will flop •, then with that Cord you ftroke down the Vein juft over tl]fe O-
riiice twice or thrice, which will both clofe up the hole, and alfo turn the
Courfe of the Blood. This done, fet the Horfe up in the Stable, and let
him ftand falling two or three Hours after, and then after Diet him, ac-
cording as in your Difcretion you iliall think meet •, that is to fay, if he
be a fick Horie, then like a fick Horfe, with good Provender and warm
Mafh.es : But if he be a found Horfe, then like a found, either turn him to
Grafs, or keep him in the Stable after the ancient Cuftom.
Now if you would let your Horfe Blood either in the Temple-Veins or
Eye-Vein?,you fhall then Cord him hard about the midft of the Neck, and
not near his Shoulders, having a care that you touch not his Wind-pipe,
and fo Throttle him : For it will make both thefe Veins fliew moft appa-
rently. If you intend to let the Horle Blood in the Breaft-Vein, or Plat-
Veins, of fome called therefore Thigh-Veins, you iliall then Cord him
behind the Sholders, clofe to the Elbows of the Horfe, and overtiiwart
his Withers, and that will make thefe two Veins ihew. Now you fhall
underftand, that not any of thefe Veins laft fpoken of, as about the
tiead or the Breaft muft be let Blood by ftriking them with a Fleim ('tho'
it be the manner of our Common Smiths) for it moft Beaftly and Butcher-
ly, and alfo full of much Danger by ftriking through the Vein, ^if he be
not skilful) but you fhall with a fine fharp Launcet open the Vein, even
fdch fort as you fee a skilful Chirurgeon open the Vein in a Man's Arm.
Now for the letting of a Horfe Blood in the Palate of the Mouth, you
ihall but only with a fliarp pointed Knife, pick the Horfe between the fe-
cond and third Bar, as deep as a Barley Corn is long, and he will bleed
fufficiently : As for all the other Veins in a Horfe's Body whatfoever,
which are to be opened, you ihall underfl:and,that whenlbever it is needful
thattheylDleed, that then they mutt be taken up and not corded at all.
Now touching the taking up of Veins, and the Manner how to do it, you
ihall read more at large in particular Chapters towards the end of this
Book.
Chap.
Lib. II. Of Cures Phyfical. iy7_
Chap. VI. Of Outward SoranceSy what they arCy and of certain general Ob-
fervations in the Cure of them.
Outward Sorances, according to my meaning in this place, are taken
too manner of Ways, that is to fay, either it is an evil Stateand
Compofition of the Body, which is to be difcerned either by the Shape,
Number, Quantity, or fight of the Member evil affefted and difealed : Or
elfe it is the loofening and divifion of any Unity, which as it may chance
diverfly, fo it hath divers Kames accordingly. For if fuch a divifion or
loofmg be in the Bone, then it is called a Frafture : If it be in any fielliy
part, then it is called a Wound, or an Ulcer : If it be in the Veins, then
a Rupture : If in the Sinews, then a Convulfion or Cramp ; and if it be
in the Skin, then it is called an Excoriiion : And of all thele feverally
I intend to treat in the following Chapters.. Kow forafmuch as in this
general Art in Chyrurgery or Sorances, there are certain general Obler-
vations or Caveats to be held inviolate, I will, before I proceed any far-
ther, give you a little tafte thereof.
Firft, you fliall therefore underftand, that it is the Duty of every good
Farrier, never to burn or cauterize with hot Iron, or with Oil, nor to -s,
make any Incifion with a Knife, where there be either Veins, Sin.ews, or
Joints, but either Ibmewhat lower, or fbmewhat higher.
Item, You fliaM never apply to any Joint or Sinewy part, either Roial-
gar, Arf lick. Mercury, Sublimate, nor any fuch violent Corrolive.
Item, It is ever better to Launce with a hot Iron than a cold ^ that is,
it is better to Cauterize than to Incife.
Item, Blood doth ever produce white and thick Matter, Choler a wa-
triili thin Matter, but not much ^ fait Flegm, great abundance of Matter,
and Melancholy, many dry Scabs.
Item, When you let Blood, you muft take but the fourth part from a
Colt, which you take from a grown Horfe.
Item, You muft never let Blood, except it be either to divert Sicknels,
and preferve Health, or to refrefh and cool the Blood, or elfe to diminifh
Blood, or purge bad Humours.
Item, In all Impoflumes and fwelling Sores, called Tumors, you muf^
oblerve the four times of the Sicknefi, that is to fay, the beginning of
the Grief, the increafe of the Grief, the perfection and flate of the Grief,
and laflly, the declination and ending of the Grief.
Item, In the beginning of every fuch fwelling Apoflhumes Cif you can-
not quite deflroy themj ufe repercuffive Medicines, if they be not near
fome principal part of the Body -, but then not, for fear of endangering
Life \ and in augmentation, ufe molifying Medicines and fupplying to
ripe them \ aud when they are ripe,Launch them and let them out, or dry
them up, and in the declination of them, ufe cleanfing and heaing Medi-
II II I I JLJIII mill IIIJ^II gr r^-" "^ —>..■■■,.-. mm.^^ m. -■ ■ - _^^^,i^^,^^_^^^-^— >— _— ^_^.^„
138 Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. II.
Item J AH Swellings are either hard or foft, the hard commonly will '
Corrode, the foft continue long.
Itemy If you thruft your Finger upon any Swelling upon a Horfe's Legs,
then if it prefently rife again, and fill, then is the hurt new and recovera-
ble, but if the Dent do remain and continue ftill behind, then is the Hurt
old, and cometh of cold Humours, and asks great Art in healing.
Item, When Soresbegin to Matter, then they heal ^ but if the Putre-
f iftion be great, then beware they rot not inwardly.
Jtem^ a1i Cauterifmg or Burning with hot Irons, ftraineth things enlar-
ed, drieth up what is too much moiftned, diffolveth things gathered to-
gether or hardned, draweth back things which are difperfed, and help-
old Griefs : For it ripeneth, dilTolveth, and maketh them to run and if-
i lie forth Matter.
Item, You muft fbmetimes burn under the Sore, to divert Humours,
and fometimes above, to defend and with-hold Humours.
Item, It is ever better to Burn with Copper than with Iron, becaufe
Iron is of a Malignant Kature, Steel of an indiiierent Vertue betwixt
both.
IterNj All a^ual Burnings is to burn with Inftruments, and Potential
Burnings is to burn with Medicines, as are Caufticks and Corrofives.
Item, If you you ufe to blow Powders into a Horfe's Eyes, it will make
him blind.
Item, By no means take up any Veins in the Fore-legs, unlefs great
Extremity compel you : for there is nothing that will Iboner make a
Horfe ftitf and lame. Many other Obfervations there are, which becaufe
they are-not fo general as thefe be, and that 1 fliall have Occafion to Ipeak
of them in other particular Chapters, I think it here fit to omit them,
and the rather, becaufe I would not be tedious.
Chap. VII. Of the Difeafes in the Eyes, and fir ft of the Weeping tmS
Watering Eye.
TH E Eyes of a Horfe are fubje£t to many Infirmities, as firft, to
be Rheumatick, or Watery, then to be Blood-iliotten, to be dim of
Sight, to have the Pin and Web, the Haw, the Wart in the Eye, the
Iniiaramation in the Eyes, the Canker in the Eye, or a ftroke in the Eye :
of all which, fome come of inward Caufes, a? Heat, Cold, or elfe by
Ibme Stripe or Blow.
And firft to begin with the Rhematick, or Watery Eye, you Ihallun-
derftand, that according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, it doth
proceed many times from the Flux of Humours dillilling from the Brain,
and fometimes from the anguilh of a Blow or Stripe received. The Signs
are a continual Wateriiig of the Eye, and a clofe holding of the Lids
together, accompaKied lometimes with a little fweUing. The Cure, ac-
cording
Lib. 11. Of Ctires Thyfical, i^p
cording to the Opinion of fome Farriers, i<, To take of BolearmonicJc,
of Terra-figillata, and of Sanguis Draconis of each a like Quantity ;
make them into Powder and then add unto them as much of the White
of an Egg and Vinegar as will make them moift : and then ipread it Plai-
fter-wile upon a Cloath, and lay it to the Horfe's Temples of his Head
above his Eyes : and do this three Days together. Others ufe to let the
Horfe Blood in the Veins under his Eyes ^ then to wafh the Eye twice or
thrice in the Day with White-wine, and then to blow into the fore Eye
with a Quill , the Powder of Tartar , Sal gemma , and CutLle-bor.e ,
of each a like Quantity : Or elfe take the Yolk of an Egg roafted
hard, and mix therewith the Bowder of Comen, and bind it hot to the
Eye, and fo let it reft a Night more. Other Farriers ufe to take of Pitch
and Rofiu, and of Maftick a like Quantity, melt them together : then
with a little Stick, having a Clout bound to the end thereof, and dipt
therein, anoint the Temple-veins on both fides a handful above the£yes,
as broad as a Shilling, and then clap unto it immediately a few Flocks of
like Colour to the Horfe, holding them clofe to his Head, witli your
Hand until they ftick faft to his Head, then let him Blood on both his
Eye-veins, if both Eyes be fore, and then wafh his Eyes with White-
wine.
Others ufe only to take a pretty Quantity of Life-Honey, and to dif- ^^
folve it inWhite-wine,and to waih the Horfe's Eye therewitli : and fure if ""^
it proceed from any Blow, it is Medicine fuificient enough ^ but if it pro-
ceed from any Rheum, or inward Caufes, then you fhall take Ground-
Ivy beaten in a Mortar, and mixt with Wax, and fo laid to the Eyes like
a Plaifter, or elfe boil Wormwood in WHiite-wine, and wafli the Horfe's
Eyes therewith ^ alio to fpirt Beer or Ale now and then into.the Horfe's
Eyes, will clear the fight very well.
Chap. VIII. Of the Blood-fJiotten Eye, proceeding from any Caufe whatfoever
FO R any Blood-fhotten-Eye, proceeding from any Caufe whatfo-
ever, either outward or inward, you fhall take (according to the O-
pinion of the moft ancient Farriers, of Rofe-water, of Malmfey, and of
Fennel-water, of each three Spoonfuls, of Tutty as much as you can ea-
fily take up between yourThum and your Finger,of Cloves a Dozen,beaten
into fine Powder, mingle them together, and being luke-warm, or cold
if you pleafe, wafh the inward parts of the Eye with a Feather dipt
therein twice a Day, until the Eye be well : Or inftead thereof, wafh the
Eye either with the White of an Egg, or with the juice of Selladine. O-
thers ufe to take the tops of Hawthorns,and boiling them in White-wine,
wafii the Eye therewith. Other Farriers take a Dram of Synoper, and
as much Life-Honey, as much of Wheat-fiower, mix them with fair
Kumiyig-water, fo they may be liquid and thin, then feethe them with a
T 2 very
^o Of Cures Phyfical, Lib. II.
very fofc Fire till they be thick like an Ointment, and therewith anoint
the Eye.
But the beft Receipt that ever I found for this Grief, is. To take the
Whites of two Eggs, and beat it till it come to an Oil, then put to it two
Spoonfulsof Rofe-water and three Spoonfuls of the Juice of HouHeek,
mix them well together, then dip therein little round Plegants or flat
Cakes of fofc Tow, as big as a Horfes Eye, renewing them as oft as they
grow hard, and in a Day or two it will make the Horfe's Eye found again.
Chap. IX. Of Dimnefs of Sighty or Blindnefs.
DImnels of Sight, or Blindnefs, may happen to a Horfe divers ways,
as by fbme ftrain, when the inward ftrings of the Eyes are ftretch-
ed beyond their Powers, or by the Violence of great Labour, or by the
fupporting of a great Burden beyond the Horfe's ability, or by fome Blow
or Wound : Any of thefe are mortal Enemies to the Eyes or Sight. The
^ign is the apparent want of Sight, and an evil-alfefted Colour of the
Eye. Now ibr the Cure it is thus :
|^:> If the Sight be gone, and yet the Ball of the Eye be found, then
you ihall take, occording to the Opinion of fome Farriers, a pretty Quan-
tity of May -Butter, with as much Rolemary, and a little Yellow Rofin,
with a like Quantity of Selladine, then ftamp them and fry them with
the May-Butter, then ftrain it and keep it in a clofe Box (for it is a Jewel
for lore Eyes) and anoint your Horfe's Eyes therewith, at leaft twice a-
Day ; it is alfo good to heal any Wound. Other ;^arriers do ufe to let
the Horfe Blood in the Eye-veins, and then walh the Horfes's Eyes with
Red-Role-water. Others ufe to take tlie Gall of ,a Black Sheep and beat
it, and ftrain it, then to wafh the Eyes therewith : Others ufe to burn
the Horfe under the Eye, that the ill Humours may diftill forth, and then
anoint his Eyes either with the Marrow of a Sheep's Shank and Rofe-wa-
ter mixt together, or elfe with the Juice of Ground-Ivy. Other Farriers
uje to take a Mould-warp and lapping her all over in Clay, burn her to
Allies, and then to talce of tliat Powder and blow it into the Horfe's Eyes.
Others ule to take an empty Egg-lhell, and fill it with Bay-Salt, then burn
it till it be Black : Then add to it Burnt-AUom the Qiiantity of your
Thimib, beat them together to fine Powder, then mix fome of this Pow-
der with frelK Butter, and wipe it into the Horfe's Eye with a Feather,
then clap the White of an Egg dipt in Flax over his Eyes ^ do this once
a-Day for a Seven-night, and after but once in two Days : This is moft
exeoilent^tbr any Film, and alio for a Pearl. Others ufe to take two dry
TiJe-ftones, and rub them together, and blow the Powder of it vvith a
Oiiiiriiito die Horfe's Eye four Days together.
Chap.
Lib. II. Of Cures Fhyfical, 141
C H A p. X. -^ mofi rare approved Medicine for any defperate Blindnefs in a
Horfe proceeding from any Rheumatick Caufsy Surfeit ^Strain^Strokcj or fuch like
TAKE of VermiUion,Bettony and Lavender,and beat them in a Mor-
tar with the beft Venice-Turpentine,till they come to a thick Salve
like Pafle : Then make it into Cakes or Troches, each as broad as a Groat,
and dry them : llien lay on one or two of them upon a Chafing-diih of
Coals : And then covering them with a Tunnel, let your Horfe receive
the Smoak up iuto his Koftrils, and this do Morning and Evening : And
every time you thus Fume him, you fnall alfo wafh his Eyes inwardly,
either with the Water of Eye-bright, fimply, or with the Water of Eye-
bright and the Juice of Ground-Ivy mixt together. Now I have known
many to miftake this Ground-Ivy, and fuppofe that the Ivy which is com- ^^r^
mon, and runs along the Ground to be Ground-Ivy, but it is not ib^ for
Ground-Ivy is a Weed which commonly grows in bottoms of Hedges by
Ditch-fides, in good big tutfs, it hath a little round rougli Leaf, and is
jagged on the edges,and of ail Simples none is more foveraign for the Eyes.
Chap. XI. Another mofi exeellent and approved Receipt for any defperate Blind-
nefs in a Horfe ^ or any Beafl whatfoever.
TAKE the Shells of half a dozen Eggs, and cleanfe away the inner
Film from them {o clean as|^may be, then lay thofe iliells between
two clean Tiles, and £0 lay them in hot glowing Embers, and cover them
all over, and on every fide, and {o let them lie a good Ipace till the iliells
be all dried, then take them up, and beat the Ihells to fine Powder, then
fearce it through a Launt to fine Duft, then with a Goofe-Qiiill blow tliis
Powder into the Horfe's Eye that is olfended with the Pin, Web, Film., or
any thicbiefs or foulnefs, and it is a certain Cure, and this do Morning,
Noon, and Night.
But if it be for any watred or inflamed Eye, for any Bruife, Stripe, Lu-
natick, ordelcending humours, then take a Spoonful and a half of fine
fearfed Powder of White Sugar-candy, and mix it with the form.er Pow-
der of fliells, then with as much May -butter, (if you can get itj or for
want thereof, the bell Sweet-butter, without Salt. Work all into a
gentle Salve, and therewith anoint the Horfe's Eye Morning, Noon, and
Night, for it cleaaleth, purgeth, comforteth and cooleth.
Chap. XII. Of the Pearl, Pin, Weh, or any Spot in a Horfe's Eye.
^ I ' H E Pearl, the Pin, the Web, or any unnatural fpot, or thick Film
A ^ over a Horle's Eye, proceedeth, for the mofl part, from fomxe ftroke
received, yet the Pearl, which is a little round, thick, white fpot like .1.
Pearl, growing on the fight of the Horfe's Eye, comes many times from
natural Caufes, and even from defcent of Sire and Dam, as i have often
found:
1^2 Of Cures' Phy fecal. Lib. II.
found by Fxperience. The fign is, the apparent fight of the Infirmity,
and the Cure according to the Opinion of the moft ancient Farriers, is.
To take fix Leaves of Ground-Ivy, and a Bunch of Selladine, and bray
them in a Mortar, with a fpoonful or two of Woman's Milk, and then
^rain it tlirough a clean Linnen-Cloath, and put it into a clofe Glafs, and
then drop of it as much into the Horfe's Eye at a time as will fill a Hazle
Nut-ihell ; and it is the fitteft to be done at Night only. Do this thrice
at the leaft, and for three Days after, keep the Horfe as much as may be
from any Light. Other Farriers ufe to anoint the Horfe's Eyes with
the Marrow of Goats-ilianks, and Deer's-fhanks, and Rofe-water mixt
together, or elfe to waili his Eyes with the Juice of the Berries and
Leaves of Ground-Ivy, or other Ivy mixt with White-wine ^ and to blow
into his Eyes the Powder of Black Flint, or of Land-Oifters : But that
Pewder muft be made fo exceeding fine,as by art ofSearcing can any ways
be brought to pafs : And for the taking away of any Film or Pearl, there
is no Medicine more foveraign. There l3e other Farriers which ufe to take
the Lean of a Gammon of Bacon and dry it, and thereof m.ake a
Powder and blow it into the Horfe's Eye. Others ufe to take white Gir.-
ger made into very fine Powder, and blow it Into the Horfe's Eyes :, yet
before you do fb, if tlie Webb have continued any long time, itfhall not
be amifs, Firft, to anoint the Horfe's Eye with Capon's Greace. Others
ufe to blow into the Horfe's Eye, the Powder of Elder-leaves dried, or
elfe the Powder of Man's-dung dried : Or the Powder of a grey W^het-
ftone mixt with the Oil of Honey, and put it into the Horle's Eye : O-
thers ufe to take the Yolk of an £gg with Salt burnt and beaten, to Powder
and blow it into the Horfe's Eye : Or elfe the Powder of Cuttle-bone.
Others ufe to take Elder-leaves dried, or Man's-dung dried, and mix it
with the Powder of the Shell or Bone of the Crab-fiih, and blow it into
the Horfe's Eye. Others take Tutte beaten to Powder, and with a Quill
blow it juft upon the Pearl.
Other Farriers ufe to take (and fure it is not inferiour, but better than
any Medicine whatfoeverj a good Quantity of White-Salt, and lapping
it round up in a wet Cloath, put it into the Fire^and burn it to a red Coal:
then taking it forth and breaking it open, you fhall find in the midft there-
of a white Coar as big as a Bean, or bigger : Then pick out that Coar and
beat it to Powder, and mix -it with a little White-wine, then after it hath
■QiQod a while, take the thickeft of that which lieth in the bottom, and
put it into the Hopli^'t; -Eye, and with the thin, waih his Eye j do this once
a Day till tlie P^||i^'confumed.
Others ufe toff&^'the Juice of Rue, and put it into he Horfe's Eye :
Or elfe to make ;in hole in an Egg, and put forth all that is within it, and
fill the Shell with Pepper, and cloiing it in an Earthen Pot, put it into a
hot burning Oven till it be quite hot, then tajke it forth, ajid beat the Pep-
per
Lib. IL Of Cures Phyfical, 143
per to Powder, and blow thereof into the Horfe's Eye. Others ufe to
take of Pumis-ftone, of Tartarum, and Sal-gemma, of each a like weight,
and being beaten into very fine Powder, to blow a little of that into the
Horfe's Eye, continuing {o to do till the Eye be well. Others ule only to
blow the Powder of Sandevoir into the Horfe's Eye, affirming that it alone
hath fufficicnt Force andVertue to break ary Pearl or Web in a iliort fpace,
without any other Compoiition : But furely I have found the Powder of
Flint, and the Powder of white Salt burnt, to be much ftronger.
Chap. XII. A mofi excellent and infJUhle Cure for any Firij Web, or Pearl,
or Spot in a Horfes Eye,
TA K E an Egg, and make a hole in the top, put out half the White, ^^
then fill up the empty place with Salt and Ginger finely mixt toge- ^=^^
ther, then roaft the Egg extream hard, lb as you may beat it to fine Pow-
der, having formerly lapt it in a wet Cloath^ then Morning and Evening, -
after you have waflit the Horle's Eye with the Juice of Ground-Ivy, or
Eye-bright-water,you fliall blow of this Powder therein, and it is a certain
Remedy.
Chap. XUI. Of the Haw in a Horfe^s Eye.
TH E Haw is a Grilile growing betwixt the nether Eye-lid and. the
Eye, and it covereth fometimes more than the one half of the Eye.It
proceedeth of grofs and tough Flegmy Humours, which defcending down
from the Head, and knitting together, do in the end, grow to a Horn or
hard Griftie. the Signs thereof are a watring of the Eye, and an unwil-
ling opening of the nether Lid, belides an apparent fhew of the Haw it
lelf^ if with your Thumb you do put down the nether Lid of the Horle's
Eye. The Cure is,Take a Needle and a double Thred, put it through the
tip of the Horfe's Ear, which done, put the Needle likewile through the
upper Eye-lid of the Horfe upwards, and fb draw up the upper Eye-lid,
and faften it to the Ear, then with your Thumb put down the nether Lid,
and you fliall plainly fee the Haw : Then thruft your Needle through the
edge of the Haw,and with the Thred draw it out, fo as you may lap it a-
bout your Fiiiger, to hold it conflantly, and then with a very fliarp Knife,
cut crofs the Griftie of the infide next the Horfe's Eye, and lb feparating
the Skin and the Fat from the Griflle, cut the Griftie quite out ^ theii
cutting your Threds, draw them clean out, both of the Eye-lids, and out
of the Haw : Then walk all the Horfe's Eye with Ale,Beer,or White-wine,
and pluck away all the long Hairs from about the Horfe's-'Eyes, being fine
to leave no Blood within the Horfe's Eye. And in this mfererof Cure,
you muft obferve, that by no means you cut away two much of- the Wafk
or Fat by the Haw, or any part of the Black that groweth about tlie end
of the Haw, for that will make the Horfe Blear-eyed -^ there be other
Farriers which ufe after they have cut out the Haw, to anoint the Eye
fix
j.^ Of Cures Fhyfical, Lib. II,
fix Days after with Sallet-Oiljthe Marrow of Sheeps Shanks and Salt mixt
together. n •
Others do take the Juice of Ground-Ivy ftampt in a Mortar, with the
luice of Ivy-berries, and mix them either with Water or White-wine, and
fo Plafter-wife lay it to the Horfe's Eye, renewing it Morning and Even-
ina and it will eat away the Haw. Others ufe after the Haw is cut away,
to lay to the Eye a Plaifter of Camomile and of Honey beaten together •,
any of all which is fuffieient enough. Now you are to note by the way,
that the Horfe which hath one Haw, commonly hath two, for they conti-
nually go together.
Chap. XIV. Of Aioo-a-JEyes, or Lunatick Eyes,
TH E Moon-eyes, or Lunatick-eyes, are of all fore Eyes the moft
dangerous and noifome, and do proceed from hot Humours, defcen-
ding from the Head, and ftirred up by the extremity of over-riding or
compelling a Horfe to do more than Nature will give him leave : As I have
feen a llothful and heavy Horfe brought to be Moon-eyed by the folly of
his Rider, who would force him to ftand and Trot, and contrary to the
vigour of his Spirit : So likewife I have feen delicate mettled Hories
brought to be Moon-eyed,when the Riders would not temper the Freenels
of their Nature, but have given them leave to run with all violence. Now
they be called Moon-eyes, becaufe if the Farrier do obferve them, he Ihall
perceive that at Ibmetimes of the Moon the Horfe will fee very prettily,
and at fometimes of the Moon he will fee nothing atall.Nowthe Signs here-
of are, when the Horfes Eyes are at thebeft, they will look Yellowiili, and
Dim,and when they are at the worft,they will look Red, Fiery and Ar.gry.
The Cure is. To lay all over the Temples of the Horfe's Head, the
Plaifter of Pitch, Rofin, and Maftick mentioned in the Chapter of Watry
Eyes : Then under each of his Eyes with a Iharp Knife make a flit of an
Inch long about four Fingers beneath his Eyes, and at leaft an Inch wide of
the Eye-veins •, then with a Cornet loofen the Skin about the breadth of a
Groat, and thruft therein a round piece of Leather as broad as a Two-
pence with a hole in the midfl, to keep the hole open ^ and look to it once
a Day, that the Matter may not be flopped, but continually, run the Ipace
often Days ;, then take the Leather out, and heal the Wound with a little
Flax dipt in this Salve. Take of Turpentir.e, of Honey, and of Wax, of
each a like Quantity, and boil them together, which being a little warmed,
will be liquid to ferve your purpofe -^ and take not away the Plaifters
which are upon his Temples until of themfelves they fall away ^ which
being fallen, then with a fmall hot drawing-Iron make a Star in the midft
of each Temple-vein, where the Plaifters did lie, which Star would have
a hole in the midft, made with the Button-end of your hot ^^
Drawing-Iron in this fort» )^
Now
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical, 145
A'
Now there be other Farriers, which inftead of the Slits under the Eye,
and the Pieces of Leather, which is a plain Rowel, only take a fmall blunt
hot Iron, and about an Inch and an half beneath the nether Lid, do bum
fome five holes all of a row, according to the compafsof the tiorfe's
Eye, and burn thofe holes even unto the Bone, and then once a Day
anoint them with freih Greafe, or Sweet-Butter.
Chap. XV. Of the Kmher In the Eyes.
Canker in the Eye cometh of a rank and corrupt Blood, delcending
_ _^ from the Head into the Eye, where it congeal etli, aijd brcedetha
little Worm in manner, as it were, the Head of a Pifmii-e, which grow-
eth in the nether end of the Horfe's Eye r.ext to his Nofeward ^ it pro-
ceedeth many times into the Griftle of the Noie, wiiich if it ciiance to
eat through, it will then pals into the Head, and fo kill the Horle. Tiie
Signs hereof are, you ihall fee red pimples, fome great and ibme fmall
both within and without the Eye, upon the Eye-lids, and alfo the Eye it
felfwill look Red, and be full of very corrupt Matter. The Cure accord-
ing to the ancient Farriers, is. To take as much Burnt-Allom as a Hazle-
Nut, and as much of green Copperas, and Bake them both togetlier upon
aTile-ftone, and then grind ihem into Powder, and put theic'to a quarter
of a Spoonful of Honey, and mix tliem togetlier, and then with a Clout
dipt therein, rub the Sore till it bleed ^ and do thus i^Qven Days together
and it will cure the Canker. There be other Farriers which for this Can-
ker in a Horfe's Eye, will firft let the Horfe Blood in the Neck-vein of
the fame Side the fore-Eye is, and take away the Quantity of a Pottle of
Blood : Then take of Roch-Allom,and of green Conperas, of each half a
Poundof white Copperas one Ounce,and boil them in three Pints of run-
ning-Water, until the half be confumed : Then take it from the Fire,and
once a Day waih his Eye with this Water, being made luke-warm, with
a fine Linnen Cloath, and cleanfe the Eye therewith, fo as it may look
Raw, and do this till the Eye be whole.
Chap. XVI. For a Stripe or Blow upn a Horfe's Ey€.
IV a Horfe ihall catch any Stipe or Blow upon his Eye, either with
_Whip, Rod, Cudgel, or any fach like mifchance, or by one Horfe's
Biting of another when they either Play or Fight : Then for the Cure
thereof (if you take it when it is new done) you fiiall only blow into his
Eye either the Powder of Sandevoir, or the fiije Powder of white Salt,
after tho Eye hath been wafht with a litt'e iieer : But if the Eye be more
fore, and have continued longer, theii vou ihall take a f^nll Loaf of
Breach and pull out all the Crums ^ then '' l le Lo.>'^fuil of buniinp: Coals,
until it be well burned within, then v. ike of that Cruft and put it into
^^^^'^^-wine, and after it is well lba>;-.-d, lay to the Sore, then take Soap-
vJ water
146 Of Cures Chyrnrgkal, Lib. IL
water, and cold Water mixt together, and walli all the Eye-brows there-
with, and if for all that it go not away, then you iliall let him Blood 011
the Temple-veins : and if he do rub or chafe his Eye, you fhali let him
Blood on the Veins under his Eyes, and wafli his Eyes with cold Soap-
water ^ but if his Eyes do chance to look red with the Blow, you fliall lay
unco them a Plaifter of Red-Lead and Sallet-Oil well beaten together. O-
thers ufe to take the juice of Plantain, ftampt and mixt with White-
wine, and fo laid to the "fore-Eye. Others ufe both for this Difeafe, or
any other fore Eye, to ftamp ftrong Nettles with a little Beer, and then
draining it, to iqirt thereof into the Horie's Eye, twice or thrice toge-
ther, then to put of the fine Powder of Sandevoir a little in his fi>yes,
and then be careful to keep the Horfe's Eye from Wind or Cold : But if
you mufc needs Ride him, then put a Wollen Cloath before the Horfe's
Eye ^ alfo it is not amifs to let him Blood on his Eye-veins, and then
twice Dreffing will be fufficient.
I;;-?^' Other Farriers ufe firft to anoint the fore Eye three Days toge-
ther with Ken's or Capon's-Greafe to moHify it : Then take a little Live-
Honey, and warming it, wipe it into the Horfe's Eye with,a Feather. O-
therj^ take the juice of Plantain mist with Honey, or elfe the Juice of
Thyme mixt with Honey, and put it into the Eye. Others ufe to take the
Aflies of an old Shoe-fole burnt in an Oven, and put into the Horfe's
Eye • or elfe the Powder of a Grey Whet-ftone blown into the fore- Eye ^
both are fpeedy Remedies. Others ufe to take the juice of Smallage and
-Fennel, and mixing them with the White of an Egg, put it into the
Horfe's Eye once a^Day till the Eye Be whole.
Chap. XVIL For a IFan i?2 the £ye.
A Wart in a Horfe's Eye, is a Elefny Excrefcion, or a Fleihy Knot
1%. growing either upon the Eye, or upon tlie edge or infide of the
Eye-lids-, it proceedeth from a thick Flegm, which defcendeth to the
Eye, by meaiLs that the Horie is too much kept in a dark Stable without
Light : and this Infirmity will make a Horfe's Eye confume and grow lit-
tle. The Cure is, To take Roch-Allom, and burn it on a Tiie-ftone, and
then put as much White Copperas thereunto not burnt, and grind them to
Powder, then lay ibme of that Powder jaft upon the liead of the Wart,
and do tliis once a Day till the Wart be con fumed away.
■ Chap. XVIIL For an Inflammation in a Horfe's Eye.
HOrfes may diverfly have Inflammations in the Eyes ^ as by long
ftand,ing'in the Stable, with foul Feeding and no Exercife, or by
Moats falling into his Eyes, or by ranknefs of Blood, and fuch like, any
of each will breed an Inflammation or Sorenefs in the Eye. The Signs are
itching,, and rubbing of the Eyes, and little fwelling, with fome loathnefs
to
Lib. II. Of Cures Cbyrurgicat, 147
to open the Eye-lids. --The Cure is, Firft, to let him Blood upoii the
Temple-veins, and upon the Eye-veins, and then to wafh his Eyes with
Milk and Honey mixt togetlier. Others after Blood-letting, will waili
the Horles Eyes with Honey and Aloes Epatica mixt together : And O-
thers will wafh his Eyes with Aloes dilTolved in White- wine,any of which
is appoved to be moft excellent for any fore Eye.
Chap. XIX. Of the Imfojlhume in the Ear of aHorfe.
IMpofthumes which breed in the Ear of a Horle, proceed from divers
Cciufes, as from Ibme great Blow about the Head, or fome wringing
with a hard Halter, or from fome evil Humour congealed In the Ears by
ibme extream Cold. The Signs whereof appear plainly by the b.urning
and painful fvelling of the Roots of the Ears and the other Parts there-
about. The Cure thereof is, Firft to ripen the Impoflhume with this
Plaifter : Take of Linfeed beaten into fine Powder, and Wheat-iiower, of
each lialf a Pint, of Honey a Pint, of Hog's-greale otherwife called Bar-
row's-greafe, one Pound ^ warm all thele things together in an Earthen
Pot, and ftir them continually with a fiat Stick or Slice, until they be
throughly mingled and incorporated together, and then fpread fome of
this Plaifter being warm, upon a Piece of Linnen-Cloath or foft White-
Leather, lb broad as the Swelling and no more, and lay it warm unto it,
and 1^::^ let it remain one whole Day and then renew it again, continuing
fo to do, until it either do break or elfe grow fo ripe that you may Launce
it downwards, ib that the Matter may have palfage out \ then tent it with
this Tent of Flax dipped in this Salve even to the bottom, that is to lay.
Take of Mel Rofatum, of Sallet-Oil and^Turpentine, of each two Ounces,
and mingle them together, and make the Horfe a Biggen of Canvas to
clofe in the Sore, fo as the Tent with the Ointment may abide within the
Sore, renewing the Tent once a Day until it be whole : But if the Horfe
have Pain in his Ears, without any great Pain or Imflammation, then
thruft into his Ear a little Black-Wool, dipt in the Oil of Camomile, and
that will eafe him : But if the Impofthume be broken before you perceive
it, and that you fee Matter run from the Horfe*s Ears, then you ihall
take of Oil of Rofes, Venice-Turpentine and Honey, of each a like
Quantity, and mixing them well together, warm it luke-warm upon a few
Coals, and then dipping Black-Wooll therein,thruft it down into the Hor»
ies Ear that runneth, renewing it once a Day till the Ear leave running.
Chap. XX. Of the Pole-EviL
r°T"i H E Pole-Evil is a great Swelling, Inflammation, or Apofthume
X in the Nape of the Horfe's Neck, juft between his Ears, towards
his Mane, and proceedeth Ibmetimes from the Horfe's flrugling or ftri«.
ving in his Halter, efpecialiy if the Halter be of hard new twined Hemp-
U 2, ibme*
4-8 Of Cures Cbyrurgical^ Lib. II.
fometimes it poceeds from evil iiumour- gati-i^red together in that plnce,
or eiie fome Stripe or Blow ^nren to the Horfe by fome rude Keeper, Car-
ter, or Man of little Difcicrion ^ for that Part being the vveakeft and
tendse^ about the Head^is the foonefi: offended and grieved with Sorances.
The fign of this Difeafe is an apparent fwelling between the Borfe's Ears,
and on each fide his Neck, whidi in continuance of Time, will break of
Its owii accord, yet doth ever rot more inwardly than outwardly, frqjn
whence it comes that thisDifeale is more commonly called of our common
and ignorant Farriers, the Fiftula in the Neck, than the Pole-Evil i, and
in truth it is an Ulcer fo hollon^ and fo crooked, and fo fall of fharp Mat-
ter like unto like, that it differeth very little from a Fiftula, and is of all
Impofthumes, except the Fiftula it felf, the hardeft to Cure : Therefore
I would wiih every careful Farrier to take this Cure in hand fo foon as is
poilible, that is to fay, before it break, if it may be.
Kew for the general Cure f according to the Opinion of the ancient
Farriers) it is thus \ Firft, if it be not broken, ripen it with a Plaifter of
Hogs-greafe, laid unto it fo hot as may be, and make a Biggen for the
Pole of his Head to keep it from Cold, which Biggen ihould have two
holes open, fo as his Ears may ftand out, and renew the Plaifter every
Day once until that break, keeping the fore place as warm as may be;
and if that you fee it will not break fo foon as you would have it, then
look were it is fofteft, and moft fit to be opened, take a round hot Iron,
or a Copper Iron ('for that is the better) as big as a Man's little Finger,
and fharp at the point, made like an Arrow-head, and then about twa
Inches beneath the foft place, thruft it in a good deepnefs upwards fo as
the point of your Cauteriiing Iron may come out at the ripeft place, to
the intent tliat the Matter may defcend downward, and come out at
the nether hole, which fhould always be kept open : And therefore tent
it with a Tent of Flax dipt in Hog's-greafe warm, and lay alfo a Plaifter
of Hog's-greafe upon the fame, renewing it every Day once for the fpace
of four Days, which is done chiefly to kill the heat of the Fire : Then
at the four Days end, Take of Turpentine half a Pound, clean wafhed
in Kine fundry Waters, and after that throughly dried, by thrufting out
the Water with a Slice on the Difli's fide ! then put thereto two yolks of
Eggs, and a little Saffron, and mingle them well together : That done,
:iearch the depth of the Hole either with a Quill or a Probe, and make a
Tent of a piece of dry Spune never wet, fo long as it may near reach the
bottom, and fo big as it may fill the Wound, and anoint the Tent with
the aforefaid Ointment, and thruft it into the Wound either with that
Quill, or elfe by winding it up with your Finger and Thumb by little
and little until you have thruft it home, and then lay on the Plaifter of
Hog's-greafe made luke-warm, renewing it every Day once until it be
whole : But if the Swelling ceafe, then you need not ufe the Plaifter, but
only
Lib. II. Of Cures Cbyritrgkal. 1^9
only to Tent it ^ and as the Matter decreafeth, fo make yoar Tent every
Day ieiier and lefier, until the Wound be perteftly cured.
Kovv if this Difeafe of the Pole-Evil have broke of its own felf, and
by neglecting looJar.^ into, have continued fo long that it is tamed to a
Fiftafa, which you flail know both by the great and crooked hollownefs
inwardly, and by a Iharp thin Water which would ilTue out there out-
wardly •, then you fhall take (according to the Opinion of the Farriers j
of unllackt Lime, and of Arfnick, of^each a like Quantity, beat th^m
together into very fine Powder, put thereto the Juice of Garlick, ox O-
nions, and of Wall-wort, of each a like Quantity, and of Kolly as much
as all tlie reft ; boil them upon a foft Fire, and ftir them all well together
until they be as thick as an Ointment •, then waih the Sore with frrong
Vinegar,' and fill the hole full of the aforefaid Oiniment, by dipping a
Tent therein twice a Day •, then lay a Plaifter of Hog's-greafeupon the
Tent to make it keep in, and ufe this until the Horfe be whole.
Our Farriers ufe to take Orpiment, unflackt Lime, and Verdigreafe,
of each a like Quantity, temper them with the Juice of Pellitory, black.
Ink, Honey and ftrong Vinegar, of each a like Qiiantity, boil them and
ftir them well together until they be very thick, then make thereof Imall
Rouls, and put them into the hollow place of the fame Sorance. Now
you are to Note,tliat both thefe and the laft recited Salve before this, are
only to kill the Rankerous and fharp Humour which brings the Sore unto
a Fiftula, which as ibon as you have killed, which you ftiall know by the
Matter, which will be white and thick, then you ihall heal up the Sore
either with the Powder of Savin, or the Powder of Honey and Lime ba-
ked together, or efe by anointing it with Tar and Sallet-Oil, or freili
Hog'-greafe mixt together. There be other Farriers which for this So-
rance do firft open the Sore vvith a hot Iron, and then take Red-Lead and
Black-Soap, and mixing them well with Water till they be good and thick,
Tent the Horfe therewith till it be whole.
Others ufe to take a Quart of Water, half a Pound of Roch-Allum,
four Pennyworth of Mercury, a quarter of a Pound of Verdigreafe, and
mixing them well together, wafh the Horfe's Sore with this Water till it
begin to dry up, and then heal it with the Powders beforemamed. See far-
ther in the New Additions for the Fiftula, marked thus ^;o
C H A p. XXL A true and certain approved Cure for any Pole-Evil vohatfoever,
FIRST ihave off the Hair from the Swelling, then lay on a Plai-
fter of Shooemaker's black Wax, fpread upon a white Allom'd Lea-
ther, and let it lie till it have ripened and broke the Impofthume : Then
take a Pint of Wine-Vinegar, and when it is boiling-hot, mix with it as
much Clay-Lome with the Straws and all in it, as vvi^l bring the Vinegar
unto a thick Poultis, then apply this as hot as the Horfe can fuffer
it to the Sore, and renew it once a Day tili the Impofthume be whole>
C H A P»
i^o of Cnref Cbyrurgkal, Lib. IL
Chap. XXII. Of a Horfe that is Lave-Ear^d^ and how to help him.
FO R a Horie to be Lave-Ear'd, is as foul a Dilgrace and as miicli
Deformity to his Beauty, as to want the true Proportion and Ufe ot
any oucward Member whatfoever. It proceedeth from a Natural Infir-
mity, and is ingendred even from the firft Conception, and although few
of our Farriers either have endeavoured themfelves, or know how to help
, it ; yet there is nothing more certain than that in this fort it may be
cured. Firft, Take your Horfe's Ears, and place them in fuch manner
as you would have them ftandjand then with two little Boards^ or pieces
of Trenchers three Fingers broad, having long Strings knit unto them,
bind the Ears fo faft in the places where they ftand, that by no Means or
Motion they may ftir : Then betwixt the Head and the Root of the Ear,
you fnall fee a great deal of empty wrinkled Sl^in, which with your Fin-
ger and your Thumb you ihall pull up, and then with a very iliarp pair
Scizzars you iliall clip away all the empty Skin clofe by the Head, and
then witli a Needle and red Silk you fnall ftitch the two fides of the Skin
clbfe together, and then with a Salve made of Turpentine, Deers Suet,
ar.d'Hoi:ey, of each a like Qiiantity melted together and made mto an
Ointment^ heal up the Sore ^ which done, take away the Splents which
held up his Ears, and you fl-.all fee within a fliort time that his Ears will
keep the fame place'ftill where you fetthem, without any alteration:
And this you fhall ever find to be as certain and true as the healing of a cut
Finger,
Chap. XXIII. 0/ the V7ves or hard Kernel's between the Chaps and the Neck.
THE Vives are certain great Kernels which grow from the Root of
the Horfe's Ears, down to the lower part of his nether Jaw, be-
tween the Chap and the Neck •, they are in proportion, long, narrow,
and round, and are natural things, proper and due to every Horfe : But
when either through ranknefs of Blood, or abundance of corrupt Hu-
mours reforting to that place, they begin to be inflamed, then they be-
come very foul Sorances, and Impofthum.ations moft dangerous : They
are inwardly very full of little white fait Kernels, and they breed great
pain in the Horfe's Throat. This Difeafe as far forth as I can find by any
Demonftration, is the Difeafe which in Men we call the Squinacy or
Quinzy, and not as fome of the old Farriers fuppofe, the Strangle ; for
that hath no coherence with the Infirmity. For the figns of the Difeale,
there needs fmall reception, infomuch as the Grief is apparent to the
Eye : And the Cure, according to the Opinion of the oldeft Farriers, is
thus -^ if you fee the Kernels begin to rankle and fwell, you fhall take the
Horfe's Ear and laying it down along the Neck of the Horfe, at the very
end
Lib. II. Of Cures Lhyrnygicaf, n^ i
end or tip of the Ear, cut a hole through the Skin of the Neck th^ ieiigti)
of an Almoiid or better;, and then with a crooked Wire pick out all thole
Kernels which you find inflamed ^ which done,- fiil the hole full of Salt :
Then about the end of diree Days, you ihall findihe Sore begin to Mat-
ter; then waih it eitlier with Bark-water, or with the juice of Sage :
Then take of Honey, of fweet Butter, and oi Tar, of each half a Spoon-
ful, and melt them together, and as foon as you have wailit the fore
clean, put into it of this Ointment the Quantity of a Bean, and fo Drels
the Horfe once a Bay untill it be whole.
There be others of our moll ancient Englifh Farrier?, which for this
this forance ufe, Firft, to draw the fore righ^t down in the midftwitli a hot
Iron from the Root of the Ear, fo far as the tip ot the Ear will reach,
being pulled down, and under the Root again draw twoftrikesoneach
fide, like an Arrow-Head, in this Form : Then in
the midft of the firfl: Line, Launce them with a Laun-
cet, and taking hold of the Kernels with a pair of fine
thin Pin fors, pull them lb far forward as you may cut the Kernels out
without hurting the \' eiii : That done, fill the hole with Salt, and heal it
up as is aforefaid. Kow moft of the Italian Farriers ufe this Cure : Firft
Take a Spunge fteeped well in ftrong Vinegar, and bind it unto the fore
place, renewing it twice a Day, until the Kernels be rotten ^ that done
Launce it then in the netiiermoft Part, where tli-Q Matter lieth, and let it
out, and then fill up the Hole with Salt finely brayed, and tiie next Day
v/aih all the Filth away with warm water and a Spunge, and then anoiiit
the place with Honey and Fitch-Flower mixt together;, but in any cafe
beware, during this. Cure, yo'U touch not ^ the Kernels with your
bare Finger, for fbar of venom Ing- the place, which is very apt for a
Fiftula to breed in. Kow there be other Engliili Farriers which
ufe either to ripen the fore by laying on a Plainer of hot Hog's-
greafe, or a Plaifter of Barley-meal mixt with three Ounces of
Raifins, fod well together in ftrong Wine, or elle they cut out the Ker-
nels : Now whether you cut them out, or burn them out, or rot them out
(of all which, 1 hold rotting the beftj you fliall ever fill the hole with
Nettles and Salt being chopt and mixt together, or elfe tent it with tents
dipt in Water and mixt with Sallet-Oil and Salt. Others ufe to burn
tliem downwards with a hot Iron in the midft from the Ear, to the Jaw-
Bone, drawing two crofs Stokes, and then Launce it in the midft, and
pluck out the Kernels, and fill the hole with Bay-falt, and the Crops of
Nettles well chopt and mixt together. Or elfe put only Bay-falt into the
the hole, and take the Crops of Nettles well chopt and mixt witli Bay-
falt ; and two Spoonfuls of ftrong Vinegar, and ftrain it, and put in ei-
ther Ear a Spoonful thereof, and put fome Black- V/ooll after it, and fo
bind up his Ear.
Other
1^2 Of Cures Chyrurgical, Lib. II.
Others ufe to ripen them, either by laying to the Sore wet Hay, or
wet Horfe-Litter ^ ar.d as foon as they are ripe, (which you ihall know
by the ioftnefs; to Launce the Skin, and take out the Kernels, and then
fill the Hole with the Powder of Honey and unflackt L,ime mixt together,
and burnt upon a Tile-ftone. Others ufe likewife after the Kernels are
ripened and taken out, to take of Acrimony, Honey, and Violet-leaves,
of each a like Quantity, and ftamping them well together, to Plaifter
the Sore therewith till it be whole. Others ufe after the Kernels are ta-
ken out, To wafli the Sore with Copperas- Water, and then to tent the
Hole with Flax dipt in the White of an Egg, and after to heal it with
Wax, Turpentme, and Hog's-greafe molten well together.
Ch ap. XXIV. A more rare and certain approved Medicine, which will cure
the Vives without either Burning, Melting, Rotting, or any fuch violent-
Extremity.
1
"^ A K E a Pennyworth of Pepper beaten to fine Powder, of Swines-
j^ e;reafe one Spoonful, the Juice of a Handful of Rue, of Vinegar
two Sp'oonfuls ; mix them all well together, and put it equally into both
the Horfe's Ears, and tie them up with two Strings, or elfe ftitch them
together • then Ihake the Ears that the Horie's Medicine may fmk down-
wards : Which done, you ihall let him Blood in the Keck-vein, and in
the Temple-veins. This Cure is infallible.
Chap. XXV. Another Cure for the Fives, mofi certain and approved.
IF in any of the former Receipts you can find either Difficulty or
Doubt then to make certain and fpeedy Work, Firft, iliave off the
Hair frorn the fwelled place, and then clap upon it a Plafter of Shooe-
makers Wax and ren:-jve it not till the Sore break, then renew the Plai-
iier, and it will both heal and dry it.
CHAP.
Lib. IL Of Cures Chymrgicd. 155
CHAP. XXVI. 0/ the Strangle.
THe Strangle (howfoever our old Farriers make a long Difcourfe
thereof) is not (as they fuppofe) a kind of Quinzy, but a mean
Inflammation of the Throat, proceeding from fome Cbolerick or
Bloody Fluxion, which comes out of the Branches of the Throat-
Veins into thofe Parts, and there breedeth fome hoc Infl-^mmation,
being ftirred up either by fome great Winter-cold, or cold taken after
Labour.: it is a great and a hard SvvelHng between the Horfe*s nether
ChapSj upon the Roots of the Horfe's Tongue, and about his Throat,
which Swelling, if it be not prevented, will flop the Horfe's Wind-
Pipe, and fo ilrangle or choak him : from which Effed:, and noiic
Other, the Name of this Difeafe took its Derivation. The ^ig'ns
of this Difeafe, befides the apparent Sign thereof, and the palpable
Feeling of the fame, is, the Horfe's Temples of his Head will be hol-
low, and his Tongue will hang out of his Mouth, his Head and Eyes
will be fwoln, and the PalTage of the Throat fo ftopt, that he can nei-
ther eat nor drink, and his Breach will be exceeding ihort. The Cure
thereof according to the mofl ancient Farriers, is, with a round fmall
hoc Iron, to thruft a Hole through the Skin on both Sides che Wezand,
and then afcer it beginneth to Matter, to mix Butter, Tanners Water,
and Salt together, and every Day anoint the Sore therewith 'till it be
whole. Others of the ancient Farriers ufe firft to bathe the Horfe's
Mouth and Tongue with hot Water, and then anoint the fore Place
with the Gall of a Bull ; that done, give him this Drink : Take of old
Oil two Pound, of' old Wine a Quart, nine Figs, and nine Leeks-
Heads well ftamped and brayed together, and after you . ;ive boiled
thefe a while, before you ftrain them, put unto them a little Nitrum
Alexandrinum, and give him' a Quart of this every Morning and
Evening. Alfo you may if you vyill, let him Blood in the Palate of
the Mouth, and pour Wine and Oil into his Noftrils, and alfo give
him to drink the Deco6lion of Figs and Nitrum fodden together, or
elfe to anoint his Throat within with Nitre, Oil, and Honey, or elfe
with Honey and Hogs Dung, mix'd together. Other Farriers ufe to
rowel the Horfe under his Throat, and to draw the Rowel twice or
thrice a Day, anointing it with frefli Butter, and keeping his Head
warm. Others of our later and better experienced Farriers, ufe firft, .
fif his Years will permit him) to let the Horfe Blood in the Neck- Vein,
then to lay to the Sore this ripening Plaifter : Take of Mallows, Lin-
feed, Rue, Smallage, and Ground-Ivy, of each a like Quantity, boil
thefe together in the Grounds of Beer then put to it Ibme Oil de Bay^
and a little Dialthea, then take it off the Fire, and make of it a
Plaifler, and lay it to the Sore, fulFering the Horfe ^to drink no -cold
X Water':
154. Of Cures Cbyrurgkd. Lib. 11.
Wacer : after the Sore is broken, lay Bran fteep'd in Wine unto it, 'till
it be whole. Others ufe to cut the Kernels out between the Jaws,
and then to wafh the Sore with Butter and Beer, giving the Horfe to
drink new jMilk and Garlicky, and the Juice of the Leaves of Birch^ or
in Winter the Bark of Birch, or elfe to anoint it with Tar and Oil *till
it be whole. Now, for mine own part^ the belt Cure that ever I
found for the Strangle, was this :
As foon as I tound the Swelling begin to arife between his Chaps, to
take a Wax Candle, and holding it under the Horfe 's Chaps, clofe un-
to the Swelling, burn it fo long 'till you can fee the Skin be burnt
through. To that you may, as it were, raife it from the Hefh ; that
done, you Ihall lay unto ir, either wet Hay or wet Horfe-Lirter, and
that will ripen it, and make it break, then lay a Plaifter unto it only
of Shooe- Makers Wax, and that will both draw and heal it. Now
if it break inward, and will not break outward, and fo avoideth only
at his Nofe, then ye fhall twice or thrice every Day, perfume his
Head, by burning under his Noftrils either Frankincenfe or Maftick,
or elfe by putting a hot Coal into wet Hay, and fo making the Smoak
thereof to afcend up into the Horfe's Head ; or elfe to blow the Pow-
der of Euforbium with a Quill into his Nofe ; and fo note, that what-
foever cureth the Vives, cureth the Strangle alfo,
CHAP. XXVIl. of the Cankerous Ulcer in the Nofe.
T''Hat which we call the Cankerous Ulcer in the Nofe, is only 3
fretting Humour, eating and confuming the Flefh, and making
it all raw within, and not being holpen in time, will eat through the
Nofe. It cometh of corrupt Blood, or elfe of a (harp Humour ingen-
dred by means of exrream C old.
The Signs are. The Horfe will often bleed at the Nofe, and all the
flefh within his Nofe will be raw, and filthy {linking Savours, and
Matter will come out at the Nofe.
The Cure thereof, according to the ancient Farriers, is. Take of
oreen Copperas and of Allom, of each a Pound ; of white Copperas
one Quartern, and boil thefe in a Pottle of running Water, until a Pmt
beconfunvid ; then take it off and put thereto half a Pi«^of Honey,
then caufe his Head to be holden up with a drenching-ltaff, and fquirt
into his Noftrils with a Squirt of Brafs or Pewter, fome of this Water
being lukewarm, three or four times one after another ; but betwixt
every fquircing give him leave to hold down his Head, andtofnort
out the filthy Matter; for otherwife perhaps you might choak him;
and after this it (hall be good alfo without holding up his Head any
more to wafh and rub his Noftrils with a fine Clout bound to a Stick s
End and dip d in the afoiefiid Water, and do thus once a Day until the
Horfe
Lib. II. 0/ Cures Chymrgtcal. 155
Horfe be whole. Other Fafriers ufe, if they (ee this Canker to be of
great heat, and burning in the Sore with exceeding great Pain, then
you fliall take the Juice of Purflane, Lettice, and Night- (hade, of
each a like Quantity, and mix them together and wafh the Sore with
a fine Cloath dip*d therein, or elfe fquirt it up into his Noftrils, and it
will allay the Heat. ,
Others take of Hyflbp, Sage, and Rue, of each a good Handful, and
feerhe them in Urine and Water to the third part of them : then ftrain
them out, and put in a little white Copperas, Honey, and Aqua- vit.-e,
and fo either wafli or fquirt the Place with it ; then when the Canker
is killed, make this Water to heal it : Take of Ribwort, Betony, and
Dazies, of each a Handful,* then feethe them well in Wine and Wa-
ter, and wafh the Sore three or four Times a Day therewith, until it be
whole. Others ufe alfo to take Cryftal, and beating it into fine Pow-
der, to ftrow it upon the Canker, and it will kill it.
C H A P. XXVIII. Of Bked'mg at the Nofe,
MAny Horfes (efpecially young Horfes) are often fubjeA to this
Bleeding a< the Nofe, which I imagine proceedeth either from
the much abundance of Blood, or that the Vein which endeth in that
Place is either broken, fretted, or opened. It is opened many Times
by means that Blood aboundech too much, or that it is too fine or too
fupple, and To pierceth through the Vein, Again, it may be broken
by feme violent Strain, Cut, or Blow ; and laftly, it may be fretted
and gnawn through by the Sharpnefs of the Blood, or elfe by fome
Other evil Humour contained therein. The Cure is, according to the
ancient Farriers, To take the Juice of the Roots of Nettles, and fquirt
it up into the Horfe's Noftrils, and lay upon the Nape of the Horfe 's
Neck a Wad of Hay dip'd in cold Water, and when it waxeth warm,
take it off, and lay on a cold one. Other Farriers ule to take a Pint
of red Wine, and put therein a Quartern of Bole-Armoniack, beaten
into fine Powder, and being made lukewarm, to pour the one half
thereof the firft Day into the Noflril that bleedeth, caufing his Head
to be holden up, fo as the Wine may not fall out, and the next Day,
to give him the other half.
^ Others ufe to let the Horfe blood on the Breafl- Vein, on the fame
Side that he bleedeth, acfeveral times: Then take, of Frankincenfe
one Ounce, of Aloes half an Ounce, and beat them into fine Powder,
and mingle them throughly with the Whites of three Eggs, untill it
be as thick as Honey, and with foft Hair thrufl it up into his Nof^rila,
filling the Hole full of Afhes, Dung, or Hogs-Dung, or Horfe?s
Dung mix'd with Chalk and Vinegar.
X 2 Now
Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II ,
Now for mine own Part, when none of thefe will remedy and help
(as all have failed me at fome time) then I have ufed this : Take two
fmall Whipcords, and with them garter him exceeding hard about
fome tea or twelve Inches above his Knees of his Fore- legs, and juft
beneath his Elbows, and then keep the nape of his Neck as cold as may
be, with moift CloathSj or wet Hay, and it will ftaunch him prefently.
C H A P.- XXIX. Of the Bloody Rifti, or Chops in the Palate of
the Horje's Mouth.
THefe Chops, Clefts, or Rifts- in the Palate of the Horfe's Mouth,
do proceed (as fome Farriers fuppofe) from the eating of rough
Hay, full of Wins, Xhiftics, or other Prickling-ftuff, Provender full
of fliarp Seed, which by continual pricking and fretting the furrows
of the Mouth, do caufc them to rankle, fwell, and breed corrupt
Blood and {linking Matter, and without Ipeedy Prevention, that Ul-
cer will turn to the fouleft Canker.
The Cure thereof is, (according to the Opinion of the ancient
Farriers,) to wa(h the lore Places very clean with Salt and Vitiegar
mix'd together, then to anoint it with Honey and Allom mix'd toge-
ther. Others Farriers ufe (efpecially if the Palate be much fwelled)
to puck the Roof of the Mouth with a hot Iron that the Humours
may iffue out abundantly, and then to anoint the Place with Honey
and Onions boiled together, till they be whole.
CHAP- XXX. Of the Giggs or Bladders in a Horfes Mouth.
Hefe Giggs, Bladders, or Fiaps in a Horfe's Mouth, are little foft
Swellings, or rather Puftules wich black Beads, growing in the
infide of the Horfe's Lips, next under his great Jaw- Teeth ^ they will
Sometimes be as great as a Walnut, and are fo painful unto him, that
they make him let his Meat fall out of his Mouth, or at leaft keep it
in his Mouth unchawed, whereby the Horfe can in no wife profper ;
they do proceed either of eating too much Grafs, or naughty, rough,
pricking Hay or Provender, they are moft apparently to be felt : And
«be Cure is (according to the Opinion of the oldeft and mofl experi-
enc<^d Farriers) firft to draw out the Horfe's Tongue of the one fide of
^is Mouth, and then take a Launcet and flit the Swellings the length of
a Date, and then with a probe pick out all the Kernels like Wheat-
Corns very clean : then take the Yolk of an Egg, and as much Sale
•as will temper it thick like leven : then make it into lictle Balls, and
thruft into every Hole, and fail not to do fo once a Day untill ic
^e vv/hole.
Other Farriers ufe, after they have flit them with an Incifion-Knife,
and thruft out the Corruptioii^ only to wafli ihe Sore Places either with
Vinegar
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgtccd, I q«
Vinegar and Salt, or elfe wirh AHoni-Warer. Otriers ufe with a
fmall hot Iron t;o bqrn the Swellings, and then wafli them with Beer
and Salt, or Ale anc^ Sa.lr, and ic will heal rhem. Now that you may
prevent this Direafe befofc it comes, ic fliall be good to^ pull out the
Horfe's Tongue often,' and to wafli it with Wine, Beer, and Ale and
fo fliall no B lifters- breed thereon^ nor any other Difl-ale.
;-.!••:■: XV H'A P. XXXI. Of the Lawpafs.
THk ,1'ampafj.is a fwelling or growi'ng np of the Flefii, which over-
groweth the upper Teeth, which' arc the Shears in the upper
Chap, and fo hindrtth the Horfe from eacing.' They do proceed troni
abundance of Eicpd, refortingto the fir ft Furrow or Bar of the Mouth,
cet to let him bld6d in divers Places 'of the fuelling Flefli ; then take
/rffiLT an Iron made at one End broad and thin, and turned up accor-
Tding to this Figure, anti heating it red hot, burn out all that fu-
perfiuous fwcird Flefli which overgrows theTdre Teeth, and
then anoint the fore Place with frefti Butter untill it be whdle -
Others ufe, after it is burnt out, only to rub the fore Place with
Salt only, or wafti it with Salt and Vinegar 'till it be wliole. Others
ufe to take a hooked Knife made very fharp and very hot, and there-
with cut the fwoln Places in two Parts, crofs againil the Teeth ; but
if they be a little fwelled, then cut but the third Rank from the Teeth,
and fo let him bleed well- then rub it with a little Salt, and the
Horfe will be well ; but if you find afterwards that either through too
much burning, or cutting, or through the eating of too coarfc jMeat,
that the Wound doth not heal, but rather rankle, then you {hall take
a Saucer full of Honey, and twelve Pepper Corns, and bray them
together in a Mortai, and temper them up with Vinegar, and boil
them a while, and then once a Day anoint the Sore therewith, till
it be whole.
CHAP. XXXil. Of the Camery, or Frcunce,
*Tr^HE C amery or Frounce in Horfes, are fmall Pimples, or
Jl ^^'arts in the midft of the Palate of the Mouth above, and they
are foft and fore, they will alfo fometimes breed both in his Tongue
and in his I ip : it proceedeth fometimes from the eating of frozen
Grafs, or by drawing frozen duft wifh the Grafs in'o their Mouiis;
fometimes by eating of moift Hay, that Rats oro>her Vermine have
pift upon, and fometimes by licking up of Venom. The Signs are the
apparent feeing of the Pimples, or Welks^ and a forfaking ot his Food,
* boik
jjS Of Cures CbjrurgkaL Lib IL
both through the Sorenefs of them, snd through the Unfavourinefs
and Rimknefs of the Food that he had eaten before
^ij=^ The Cure (according to the Opinion of the oldeft Farriers,) is,
Firft to let him Blood in the two greaceil Veins under the Tongue,
and then wafti all the fore Places with Vinegar and Salt : Then get che
Horfe new Bread, which is not hot, and give it him to ear, and the
Horfe will do well enough. But take heed you give bur a fmall Quan-
tity of fuch Bread for fear of Surfeit, which is both apt and dangerous.
Oihers ufe with a hot Iron to burn the Pimples on the He?d, and then
wafiithem with Wine and Salt, or Ale and Salt, untill they bleed, and
they will foon heal. Other Farriers ufe to take out his Tongue, and
to piick the Veins thereof in feven or eight Places, and likewife un-
der his upper Lip alfo, and let him bleed well; then rub every fore
Place wi^h Salt, well ; then the next Day wafli all the fore Places with
White-wine warm, or elfe with ftrong Vinegar, and rub it again with
Salt ; then, for two or three Days, let the Horfe drink no cold Water,
and he will do well.
CHAP. XXXIII. 0/ the Canhr in the Mouth.
A Canker is faid by the ancient Farriers co be nothing but the raw-
nefs of the Mouth and Tongue, which is full of very foreBli-
fters, from whence will run a very hot and fharp Lie, which will fret
and corrode, or rot the Flefh wherefoever it goeth. The Signs are.
The apparent Sight of the Sore, befides the forfaking of his Meat,
becaule he cannot fwallow it down, but lets it tie half chewed between
his Jaws, and fometimes when he hath chewed his Meat, he will thruft
it out oi his Mouth again, and his Breath will favour very ftrongly,
chiefly when he is tafting.
This Dile-afe proceedeth ofteft from fome unnatural Heat coming
from the Stomach, and fomerimes from the Venom of filthy Food,
The Cure is, (as the oldeft Farriers inftru(5t us) To take of AUom
half a Pound, of Honey a quarter of a Pint, of Columbine- Leaves,
of Sage, cf each a Handful, boil all thefe together in three Pints of
running Water, untill one Pint be confumed, and waih ail the fore
Places (herewith, fo as they may bleed, and do thus once every Day
untill it be whole. Other Farriers ufe firft to caft fhe Horfe, and with
a Rolling- pm to open his Mouth, then with a crooked Iron wrap:
about with Tov^' or Flax, to take out all the ftinking Grafs, or other
Meat thac Ueth in his Jaws and under the Root of his Tongue -^ then
when you have cleanfed it ihos, you Ihall heal ftrong Wine Vinegar
fomewhat warm, and then with the fame Iron wrapt in Tow and dip'd
in Wine Vinegar, youlhall wafti all the fore Places 'till they bleed ;
then vvifh all his Tongue and Lips with the fame Vinegar, and fo
• le{
Ub, II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL ^ ^^
let him rife ; and then feed him at lead fevtn Days wirh warm Mn-
ihes and hot Grains ; but in no wife with any Hay, and he will loon
be wliole, i -, r
Other Farriers ufe to take of the Juice of Daffodil Roots levcn
Drams, of Juice of Hounds-Tongue as much, of Vineg:^' as much, oi
Allom one Ounce; mix thcfe well tcgeiher, and waih the Canker
therewith once a Day untili it re whole. Others ui'e to take of Savin,
of Bay-Salt, and of Rue, of each a like Quantity, and (lamp them
together with as much Barrows Greafe, and anoint the fore Places
therewith untili the Canker be killed, which you may know by the
whitenefs, and then healing ic up only wirh Allum- Water.
Others ufe firlt to wafti the Canker''tilHt bleed with warm Vinegar,
to take a good Quantity of Allom beaten into very fine Powder, and
mix it with ftrong Vinegar 'till it be as thick as a Salve ; then to anoint
all the fore Places therewith, and do not fail thus to do twice or thrics
a Day untili the Canker be whole.
Now for mine own parr, the beft Cure that ever I found for this
Sorance, is. To take of Ginger and of Allom, of each a like Quan-
tity, made into very hne Powder ^ then with ftrong Vinegar to mix
them together 'till they be very thick like a Salve ; then when you have
wafti'd the Canker clean, either with Allom- Water or with Vinegar,
anoint it with this Salve, and in twice or thrice dreffing, the Canker
v.'ill be killed, and after it will heal fpeedily.
CHAP. XXXIV. Of Heat in the Mouth and Lipi of a Horfe.
THe unnatural and violent Heat which afcendeth up from the
Stomach into the Mouth, doth not always breed a Canker, but
fometimes only heateth and inflameth the Mouth and Lips, making
them only fwell and burn, fo as the Horfe can take no Joy in his Food,
but through the Grief refufeth his Meat. The Cure thereof is, firft to
turn up his upper Lip, or that which is moft fwelled, and with a Laun-
cet, jag it lightly, fo that it may bleed, and then wafli both that and
all his Mouth and Tongue with Vinegar and Salt.
C H A P. XXX V. Of the Tongue being hurt by a Bit, or otbefwife.
IF the Tongue of a Horfe be either hurt^ cut, or galled, by any Ac-
cident or Mifchance whatfoever, the beft Cure is, (as the oideft
Farriers fuppofe) To take of Englifh Honey, and of fait Lard,of each
a like Quantity, a little unflack'd Lime, and a little of the Powder of
Pepper ; boil them on a foft Fire, and ftir them well together 'till
they be thick like unto an Ointment; then walh the Wound with
White- wine warmed ; after that, anoint the Wound with thefaid
Qin^ent
i6o Of Cures Chyrurgiccd. Lib. 11.
Ointment twice a Day, and by no Means let the Horfe wear a Bit
'till it be whole.
Other Farriers ufe firft to wafli the Sore with AUom- water, and
then to take the J eaves of a black Bramble, and to chop them together
fmall with a little Lard ; that done, to bind it with a little Clout,
making ic round like a Ball ; then having dipped the-^round End in
Honey, to rub the Tongue therewith once a Day untill it be whole.
CHAP. XXXVI. Of the Barhes or Faps underneath a Horfe s Tongue.
THe Barbcs are two littlePaps which naturally do grow under every
Horfe's Tongue whatfoever, in the nether Jaw ^ yet if at any
time they fhoot out, and grow into an extraordinary length, or by
the overflow of Humours become to be inflamed, then they are a
Sorance, and with the Extremity of their Pain, they hinder the Horfe
from Feeding. The Cure of them is, both according to the Opini-
on of the ancient and late Farriers, abfolutely to clip them away with
a pair of Shears, clofe to the Jaw, and then to wafh the Sore either
with Water and Salt, or eife with Tartar and ftrong Vinegar mixed to-:
gether, orelfe with Vinegar and Salt j- any of all which will heal them.
CHAP XXXVII. Of the Tain in a Horfe's Teeth, of Wolfs-Teeth,
and faw Teeth.
A Horfe may have a Pain in his Teeth through divers Occafions,
as partly by the defcent of grofs Humours frOrii the Head down
unto the Teeth and Gums, which is very proper to Colts and young
Horfes, and plainly to be feen by the Ranknefs and Swelling of the
Gums ; and alfo he may have Pain in his Teeth, by having two extra-
ordinary Teeth, called the Wolfs Teeth, which be two little Teeth
growing in the upper Jaws, next unto the great grinding Teeth, which
are fo painful to the Horfe^ that he cannot endure to chaw his Meat,
but is forced either to let it fall out of his Mouth, or elfe to keep it'ftill
half chewed. Again, a Horfe will have a great Pain in his Teeth,
when his upper Jaw-Teeth be fo far grown, as they over-hang the
nether J aw- Teeth ; and therewith alfo be fo fharp, as in moving .his
Jaws, they cut and raze the Infides of his Cheeks, even as they were
razed with a Knife. Laftiy, a Horfe may have a great pain in lis
Teeth, when either by Corruption of Blood, or fome other flatufal
Weaknefs, the Horfe's Teeth growloofe and fore, in fuch manner, thac
thro' the Tendernefs thereof, he is not able to chaw or grind his Food.
Now for the feveral Cures of thefe Infirmities, you fhall underftand.
That firft as touching the general Pains in a Hoffe's Teeth which do
come by Means of the Dxftillation of Humours, it fe thought fit by
the
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical. l6i
the ancienteft Farriers, firft to rub all the outfide of the Horfe's Gums
Avich fine Chalk and ftrong Vinegar well mix'd together.
Other ancient Farriers ufe after chey have fo waftied the Gums, to
ftrow upon them the Powder of Pomgranate Pills, and to cover the
Temples of the Head with the Plaifter of Pitch, Rozen, and Maftick,
molten together, as hath been before fufficiently declared.
Now for the Cure of Wolfs-Teeth, or the Jaw Teeth (according
to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers) it is thus : Firft, Caul'e the
Horfe*s Head to be tied up high to fome Poft or Rafter, and hh Mouth
to be open'd with a Cord fo wide, that you may eafily fee every Part
thereof: Then take an Inftrument of Iron made in all the Points
like unto a Carpenter's Gouge, and with your left Hand fer the Edge
of the Tool at the Foot of the Wolfs Teeth on the outfide of the Jaw,
turning the hollow fide of the Tool downwards, hclding your Hand
lleadily, fo as the Tool may not flip nor fwerve from the afore faid
Teeth; then, having a Mallet in your right Hand, ftrike uponthcHead
of the Tool a good Stroke, wherewith you may loofen the Tooth and
make it bend inward, then ftraining the midft of your Tool upon the
Horfe*s nether Jaw, wrench the Tooth outward with the infide or
hollow fide of the Tool, and thruft it clean out of his Head ; which
done, ferve the other Wolfs Teeth on the other Side in like manner,
and then fill up the empty Holes with Salt finely brayed.
Other ancient Farriers ufe, (and I have in mine Experience found
it the better Practice) only when the Horfe is either tied up or caft,
and his Mouth opened, to take a very fharp File, and to file the Woifs*
Teeth fo fmooth as is poflible, and then wafh his Mouth with a little
Allom-water. Now if the upper Jaw Teeth over-hang the nether
Jaw Teeth, and fo cut the Infide of the v:outhas is aforefaid, then
you fhall take your former Tool or Gouge, and witli your Mallet fti ike
and pare all thofe Teeth (hotter by little and little, by Degrees, ru.i-
ning along them even from the firlt unto thelaft, turning the hollow-
fide of your Tool towards the Teeth, by which Mea.s you fhall not
cut the infides of the Horfe*s Cheeks ; then with youi i .le, file them
all fmooth, without any raggednefs, and then wafh the Horfe's Mouth
with Vinegar and Salt. LalUy, if the Pain do proceed from the
Loofenefs of the Teeth^ then the Cure is, according to the Opinion
of the ancient Farriers, firft to caft the Horfe, and prick all his
Gums over with a Launcet, making them bleed well, then rub them
all over with Sage and Salt, and it will faften them again.
Others ufe to let the Horfe bltod in the Vein under the Tail, next
the Rump, and then to rub all his Gums with Sage, and to give him
in his Provender, the tender crops of Black Briars ^ or elfe wafh all
his Mouth with Honey, Sage, and Salt beaten together^ and by no
Y means
I ^1 Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib. 11.
means let the Borie eat any moift meat^ for cold;, muift, and Marifli
Feeding in «he Winter, only breedeth this Difeafe of Loofenels in
the Teethj and it is of all other, mofl proper to the Sorrel Horfes,
CHAP. XXXVIII. Of Difeafes in the Neck and fi^'ithers^ and
firjt of the Crick in the Neck.
TH E Crick in the Neck of the Horfe, is^, when he cannot turn his
Neck any way, but holds it ftill right forth, infomuch that he
cannot bow down his head to take up his Meat from the ground, bur
with exceedini< great Pain ^ and furelv it is a kind of Convulfion of
the Sinews, which proceedeth from cold Caufes, of which we have
fpoken very fufficicntly before ; it alfo proceedeth fometimesfrom over-
heavy Burthens that be laid upon a Horfc's fhoulders, or by over-much
djying up of the Sinews of the Neck. The Cure thereof, according
to the Opinion of the Ancient Farriers, is, Firft to thruft a fharp hot
Iron through the Flefli of the Neck in five feveral Places, every one
diftimt from the other three leches, (but in any cafe beware of touch-
ing any Sinew) then rowel all the aforefaid Places either with Horfe-
hair. Flax, or Hemp, for the Space of fifteen Days, and anoint the
Rowels with Hogs-greafe, and the Neck will foon be reftor'd. Others
ufe, if the Crick caufeth the Horfe to hold his Neck ftrait forward^
which flieweth that both fides are equally perplexed, to take a hot
Drawing-Iron, and draw the Horfe from the Root of the Ear, on
both fides the Neck, from the midft of the fame, even down the
breaft. a flraw deep, fo as both ends may meet on the breaft ; then
make a hole through the skin of the Forehead, hard under the foretop,
■and thrull in a Cornet upward between the skin and the fiefh, a hand-
ful deep; then either put in a Goofe-Feather doubled in the midft, and
anointed with Hogs-greafe, or elfe a Rowel of either Horn or Lea-
ther with a hole in the midft ; any of which will Jceep the hole open^
to the intent the Matter may iflue forth ; and this you fhall keep open the
fpace of ten days, but every day during the Time, the Hole muft be
clcanfed once, and the Feather or Rowel alfo cleanfed and frefh
anointed and put in again ; and once a day let him ftand upon the bit
an hour or two, or elfe be ridden abroad two or three miles, by fuch
an one as will beat the Horfe's head, and make him bring it in^ but
if the Crick be fuch that it maketh the Horfe to hold his Head awry
upon the one fide, which flieweth that but one fide of the Neck is
troubled, then you fhall not draw the Horfe with a hot Iron on both
fides of the Neck, but only on the contrary fide, as thus: if he bend
his head towards the right fide, then to draw him, as is aforefaid^
only on the left fide, and to ufe the reft of the Cure as is abovefaid,
and if Neceffity do require, you may fplent the Horfe's Neck alfo
flrait with ftrong fplems of Wopd. I.
Lib. II. Oj Cicres Chyrurgkal, 163
I have cured this Crick in the Neck only by bathing the Horfe*s
Neck in the Oil of Peter, or the Oil of Spike very hot» and then rol-
ling it all up in wet Hay or rotten Litter, and keeping the Horfe
exceeding warm, without ufing any burning, wounding, or other
Violence.
CHAP. XXXIX. Of the Wens in the Neck.
A Wen is a certain Bunch or Kernel on the Skin, like a Tumor or
Swelling ; the infide whereof is fometin-ies hard like a griftle
and fpongeous like a skin full of foft Warts ; and fometimes yellow like
unto kufty Bacon, with fonie white Grains amongft. Now of Wens
fome are great, and fomc be fmall^ alfo fome are very painful, and
fome not painful at all. They proceed, as fomc imagine, of naughty,
grofs, and flegmatick Humours, binding together in fome fick part of
the Body. And others fay, they proceed from taking of cold, or from
drinking of waters that be raoft extream cold ^ but I fay, that altho*
they may proceed from thefe Caufes, yet moft generally they proceed
from fome pinching, bruifmg, biting, ripping, or galling, either of
girths, halter, collar, or any other Thing whatfoever.
The certaineft Cure thereof, is this. Take of Mallows, Sage and
red Nettles, of each one handful ; boil them in running Water, and
put thereto a little Butter, and Honey, and when the Herbs be foft
take them out, and all to bruife them, and put thereunto of Oil de Bay
two ounces, and of Hogs-greafe two ounces, and warm them toge-
ther over the fire, mixing them well together: that done, plaiftcr it
upon a piece of Leather, fo big as the Wen, and lay it to fo hot as
the Horfe can endure it, renewing it every day in fuch fore the (pace
of eight days, and if you perceive it will come to no Head, then
Launce it from the raidft of the Wen downward, fo deep, that the
matter in the bottom may be difcovered and let out ^ which done
heal it up with this Salve ; Take of Turpentine a quartern, and wafh
it nine Times in fair Water, then put thereunto the Yolk of an Eg^
and a little Englifh Saffron beaten into Powder, and make a Tent or
Rowl of Flax, and dip it in that Ointment, and lay it to the fore
renewingthe fame every day once or twice, until the Wen be cured.
Others ufe in this cafe, with a hot Iron to burn and fear away all
the fuperfluous flefli, and then to heal up the Sore either with the
Ointment laft rehearfed^ or elfe with the Powder of Honey and Lime
mixt together; and this manner of Cure is by much the fpeedier.
CHAP. XL. Of Swelling in the Neck after Blood-let'inr,
TH E Swelling of a Horfe's Neck after BlooJ-letting, may^come
through divers Occafions, as namely, by ftriking through the
Veins, fo as fome of the Blood being gotten betwixt che fleOi and the
Vein, it there corrodeth and turneth to an Impolthume, or elfe by ftri-
Y z king
1 5^ Of Cures ChymrgkaL Lib. 11,
king the Vein wirh a rufty Fleam, whereby the Vein rankleth, or by
fonie cold Wind ftriking fuddenly into the hole, or laftly^ by fufFer-
ing the Horfe too foon to thruit down his Head, and graze or feed,
whtrcby Humours reforcing to that Place, breed a great Inipofthu-
mation : The Cure is, according to the Opinion of fome Farriers, to
take Hemlock and (tamp it, and then to mingle it with Sheeps-dung
and Wine-Vinegar, and fo making a Plaifter thereof, to lay it to the
Swelling, renevviDg ic once a day until it be whole. Other Farriers
ufe tirft to anoint the Place with the Oil of Camomile warmed, and
then to lay upon it a little Hay wet in cold Water, and bind ic about
with a Cloth, renewing ic every Day for the Space of a Week, to fee
whether it wi;l grow to a head, cr elfe vanifh away^ if it grow to
ahead you may then launce it, and thruit out t' e matter; then heal
it up by tenting ic wich Flax, dipt in Turpentine and Hogs-greafe mol-
ten together, 'drtffing it once a day until ic be whole.
CHAP. XL I. How ta Staunch Blood,
IF your Horfe either by Wound or other Accident, or by the igno-
rance of any unskilful Farrier that letceth him blood when the
Sign is in that place, bleedeth fo exceedingly that he will not be (laun-
ched, you fhall then according to the Opinion of old Farriers, lay
unto the Wound a licde New Horfe- Dung Tempered wich Chalk and
Strong Vinegar, and not to remove it from rhence the fpace of three
days ; or elfe to lay unto it burnt Silk, burnt Felt, or burnt Cloath, any
of which will ftaunch blood. Others ufe to pour into the Wound
the Juice of Coriander, or elfe to let the Horfe chew in his Mouth the
leaves of Periwinkle. O' hers ufe to take of bruifed Nettles, and lay
them to the Wound ; or elfe wild Tanfey bruifed, or hot Hogs-dung,
Others ufe to take bruifed Sage and lay ic ro the Wound j or elfe the
Coame about the Smiths Forge; or elfe a clod of Earth, or bruifed
Hyilbp ; or foft crops of Hawthorn bruifed ; or elfe to take two ounces
of the Horfe's Blood and boil it until it come to a Powder and then
put that Powder into the Wound,
Bur when all thefe fail, as in fome Extremities, I have found them
do ; then for your only refuge, you (hall take the foft Down either of
Hares Skin, or a Coney Skin, and (top the Wound well therewith,
holding it fo with your hand till the Blood ftaunch: if it be a grievous
f re Wound, then as foon as the blood is flaked, fpread a Plaifter of
Bole-Armoniack and Wine- Vinegar mixt, over the Wound.
CHAP. XLH. Of the falling of the Crefi.
TH E falling of the Horfe's Creft, is, when the upper part of a
Horfe's Neck, which is called the Creft, leaneth either to iheone
or the other fide, and wiU not ftand upright as it ought to do. It pro-
ceedeth
Lib. II.
Of Cures ChyrurgicaL
ceedeth mott commonly from poverty and very hard keeping;, and
efpecially when a fat Horfe falleth away fuddenly upon any inward
Sickneft. The Cure (according ro the oldeft Farriers) is^ firit to draw
his Creft well, a full ftraws breadth deep on che concrary fide with a hot
Iron, the edge of which Iron would be half an Inch broad, and make
both your Beginning and Ending fomewhat beyond the Fall, fo as the
firft Draught may go all the way iiard upon the edge of the Mane,
clofe by the Roots of the fame, bearing your right Hand downward
-Hito the Neckward ; Then anfwer that with another draught beneath,
and fo far diftant from the firft, as the fall is broad, compaffing as it
were all the fall; but ftill on the contrary fide, and betwixt thofe two
draughts, right in the midft, draw a third draught ; then with an Iron
Button of almoft an Inch about, burn at each end a Hole, and alfo in
the fpaces betwixt the draughts, make di-
vers Holes diftant three fingers one from
another as this Figure doth plainly fhew
you. That done, to kill che Fire, anoint
it every Day once with frefh Butter for a
Week or more; then take of Mallows and
handful, boil them well in running Water,
165
/;miiititii'iitii)roitHiiMffliiiBiii>M\tiiiwi'>.:
of Sage, of each one
and wafh the burning
away till it be raw Flefii, and then dry it up with the Powder of.
Honey and Lime.
Other Farriers ufe for this Infirmity, firft to caft the Horfe upon-
fome foft Dunghil, or other eafie Place, and with a Knife to cut away
the flefli on the hanging or under fide of the Creft, even from the
fore end thereof to the hinder end, fix Inches broad and two Inches
thick, or fomewhat more in the middle thereof where it is the thickeft,
then groping the Creft with your hands, to pare the thickeft part there-
of, till it come all to one thinnefs, then holding the Horfe ftill faft
bound, to cover all the place with great handfuls of Swines Dung
prepared for the purpofe, and hold it to the fore place an hour toge-
ther, until the blood be ftaunched ; Then let the Horfe arife, and
lead him into the Stable t>ing him in fuch fort, that he may neither
rub his Neck nor lie down ; then the next Morning take good ftore
of burnt Allom beaten to Powder, and ftrow it all over the. fore place,
and fo let him ftand for two days after, without any ftirring, left the
Wound fhould bleed again , then at the end of thefe two days you fhall
bathe the foros gently with a fine Linen- Cloth, dipt in warm Urine, and
then drying the fore again, throw more burnt Allom upon it, and af-
ter anoint all about the outfide of the Edges of the Sore with Un-
guentum Album Camphoratum, more than an Inch broad ; thus you
fliall drefs him every day once on that fids of the Greft which did fall ^
then for the contrary fide you ihall draw hilMane thereon, and plat
J 66 Of Cures Cbymrgtcal. Lib II.
it in many Plats ; which done, you fhall to thofe Plars with thongs of
Leather, faften a Cudgel of a fooc and a half long ; th^n to the midft
of that Caidgel you fhall hang a piece of Lead with a hole in it_, of
fuch weight as will poize the Creit up even, and hold ic in his right place-
Then fh'.ul you draw his Crcft on that lide the weight hangs with a
hoc Dra ving-lron, even from the top of the Creft, dov,n co the point
of the ftiouider, making divers ftroaks one an Inch and an haif from
another ; then (liall you lay upon the burnt Places a Pluf^er of Pitch,
Tar, and Rozcn molten together, and fo let the weigh: hang till all
the fore places be healed, and there is no queftion but the Creft will
iand both upright and ftrongly,
CHAP. XLIIL A certain and aff roved way^ how to raife u$ , .
the CreB that is fallen.
THE mofl infallible and certain way to raife up, and to keep when
it is lb rifen, a Creft that is fain, is, Firft to raife up the fain
Creft with your hand, and to place it in fuch wife as you would have it,
and it ought to ftand ; then having one ftanding on the fame fide the
Creft falleth from, let him with one hand hold up the Creft, and with
the other thruft out the bottom or foundation of the Creft, fo as it may
iland upright ; then on that fide to which it falleth, with an hot Iron
(fomewhat broad on the Edge) draw his Neck firft at the bottom of
the Creft, then in the midft of the Creft, and laftly, at the fetting
on of the hair, and be fure to draw it through the Skin, but befure
no deeper^ for this will inlarge and open the Skin.
. Then on the other fide (from whence the Creft falleth) gather up
the skin with your hand, and with twoPlaifters of Shoe-makers Wax
laid one againft another at the edge of the Wound, and with fmooth
fplints to ftay the skin, that it may fhrink neither upwards nor down-
wards; then with a pair of fliarp Scizars clip away all the fpare skin
which you had gathered up with your hand, then with a needle and
fome red filk, fticch the skin together in divers places, and to keep the
skin from breaking, ftitch the edges of the Plaifter together alfo, then
anoint the Sore with Turpentine, Honey and Wax molten together,
and the places which you drew with the hot Iron, with piece-greafe
made warm ; and this do twice a day,' till all be whole, and have
great care that your Splints fhrink not.-
CHAP. XLIV. Of the Manglnefs in a Horfes Mane.
THE Manginefs whichisin the Maneof a Horfe, andmakethhim
fhed his Hair, proceedeth either from the ranknefs of blood,
poverty, or loufinefs, or elfe of rubbing where a Mangy Horfe hath rub-
bed, or elfe of fretting duft lying in the Mane for want of good
$ dreffing.
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgical,
drefling. The Signs are^ the apparent rubbing and itching of the
Horfe about the Mane and Neck, and the Scabs fretting both the flefh
and the skin^ belides the fhedding and falling away of the hair._ The
Cure (according CO the Opiaion of fomeof our old Farriers) is^ firil
let him biood on the Neck-vein, and cut away all the hair from the
Scabs, then with a hot Iron as big as a Man's Finger, fear all the fore
place even from the one end to the other; then anoinc all the place
you fo burnt, with Black Soap, and now and then wafli it with ftrong
Lye and Black Soap mixt together.
Other good Farriers for thisManginefs only take of frefh greafe one.
Pound, of Quick^filver one ounce, of Brimftone one ounce, of Rape-
Oil half a pint, mingle them together, and llir them continually in a
pot with a flice, until the Quickiilver be fo wrought wirh the rtft, ^^
you fhall perceive no Quick-filver therein : that done, take a bluat
Knife, or an old Horfe-comb, andfcratch all the iMangy places there-
with until it be raw andblcody, and then anoint it with this Oint-
ment in the Sun-fliine, if it may be to the intent the Ointment may^
fmk in, or elfe hold before it either a hot Fire-pan, or a hot Bar of
Iron, to make the Ointment melt into the tiefli, and if you fee that:
within three days after thus once anointing him he leave not rubbiiig,
then mark in what place he rubbeth, and drefs that place again, and;
queftionlefs it will ferve.
CHAP. XLV. Of the fjedd'mg of" Hair in the Mane.
HAir, for the moft part, fhedderh or falleth from the Mane of a
Horfe by reafon of certain little Worms which eat and fret the
roots of the Hair afunder. The Cure whereof is, firft'to anoint the
Mane and Creft with black Soap, and then ro make a ftiong Lye,
either of running Water, and Afh-afhes, or elfe of Urine and Aftir
aftiesj and with that to wafh the Mane all over> and it will help him.
CHAP. XL VI. Of the Vain and Grief in a Horfis Withers. ''
BOth to a Horfe's Withers, and alfo to his Back, do happen many
Infirmities and Sorances, feme proceeding from inward Caules,
as of the <^orruption of Humours, and Ibraeiinics of outvv^ard Caafes,
as through the galling, pinching and wringing (f feme naughty b«d-
dle, or fome heavy Burthen laid on the Horit% Back, or fuch like.
And of thefe Griefs fome be fmall, and fome be great. The fm a 11 are
only fuperficial Blifters, Swellings, light-galls, orBrulfings, and are
eafily cured; but the great are thofe which pierce to the very Eone,
and be moft dangerous, efpecially if they be nigh to the back Bone.
Then to fpeak firft to the fmaller gallings, whenfoever yoa fhall fee
any fwellings to arife, either about your Horfe's Withers, or anyjather
par::
1 58 Of Cures Chyrurgtcal. Lib. IL
part of his Back, the Cuie is, (according to the Opinion of fomeof
the o'.d Farriers) ftrft of all if the piace be much fwoln and feftred,
then to,pi'-rce it with a fharp hot Iron in many parts on both Jides
of the iSlcck^ and then put into the fame Tents of Linen Cloth, dipt
in warm Sallet-Oil, and then after to dry and heal it up with the
Powder of Honey and Lime mixt together.
Others ufe to take Barter and Salt, and to boil them together until
rhey be black then to pour it hot on the fwelling ; and then to take
warm Horfe-dung, and lay it on the fore Back until it be whole,
d reding it once a day.
Others (efpecially the bed of the ancient Farriers) ufe as foon as
they fee any fwelling to arife, to bind unto it a little hot Horfes dung
to fee if that wiil attwage it , which if it will not, then to prick it
round about the fwelling with a Fleim, Knife, or Launcet, yetnottoo
deep, but fo as it may pierce th» ->kin, and make the Blood liTue forth :
that done, take of Mallows, ofSmallage, two or three handfuls, and
boil them in running- Water until they be fo foft as Pap ; then drain
the Water foftly from it, and bruife the Herbs in a treen dilh, putting
thereunto a little Hogs-greafe, orelfe SaHet-Oil, or Sheeps-fuet, or
any other frefhgreafe; boil them and ftir them together, not frying
them hard, but as they be foft and fupple, and then with a clout lay
it warm upon the fore, renewing it every day once until the fwelling
be gone, for it will either drive it away, or bring it to an head, which
4ightly chanceth not in thefe fmall fwelling, except fome Griftle or
Bone be perilbed. Others of the ancient Farriers ufe, when they fee
any fwelling to arifc about a Horfe's back, firft to (have the place with a
Razor, and then to lay thereto this Plaifter ; Take a little Wheat-flower
and the White of an Egg beaten together, and fpread it on a I inen
eioth, which being laid unto the fwelling two or three days and not
removed, will bring it to an head ; and when you come to take it off,
pull it away fo foftly as you can portibly, and where you fee the Cor-
ruption gathered in a head together, then in theioweft place thereof,
pierce it upward wich a fharp Iron fomewhat hot, that the matter or
corruption may come out, and forget not to anoint the fore place every
•day once with frefh Butter and Hogs greafe until it be wiole
Orhers of our late Farriers ufe, when they fee my fwelling only
to lay wet Hay unto it, for that either will drive it away, or bring it
unto a head, and then when it is broken, you fhall lay upon it a Piai-
fler of Wine-Lees, renewing it as often as it grows dry, and if your
Lees be too thin, you may thicken them with Wheat- flower: or if
you like not this Medicine, then you may make a Plaifter of thick
Barm, as great as the Sore, and renew it once a Day until the fwelling
fee affwaged ^ but if you fee that any Corruption be knit together then
you
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL i6q
you. fliall Launce it in the nethermoft part, and let out the Matter,
then wafh the fore either with Urine, Ale, or Beer, made fcaiding
hot, then dry up all the moij^ure from the fore, either with a Li-
nen Cloth, or with a Sponge j then cover all the fore over with burnt
Alloni beaten to Powder : And thus drefs the Horfe once a day until
the fiefli be grown up fo high as you would have ir, then fhall you drcf?
the fore but once in two or three Days. V.uz if you fee it skinncth
but flowly, then may \ ou anoint the edge of the fore all about after it
hath been waflied asaforefiiid, with Unguentum Album, for that will
make the skin come faft • but if you do perceive that by drefling it
too feldom, there doth begin to grow any proud Hefli, then you
ihall take a dram of Mercury, and mingle it with an ounce of Un-
guentum Album, and anoint all the fore places therewith once in
two days: This will coned the proud Flefli, and caufe it to skin and
heal fuddenly.
Others ufe for the abating of thefe fvvellings, to boil Mallows in the
grounds of Ale, and to clap it hot to the fwclling; and if the fwelling
do break, vvafii it with Pifs, and pour hot molten Bu:ter upon it.
Others ufe to (have away the Hair, and then to lay very hot unto it
a handful of Leeks ftamp'd and mix'd with Boars greafe, or e'.fe to" take
a turf of Earth burned red, and laid to as hot as the Horfe c;in fuffer
it. Others ufe to take Nettles beaten to pieces, and mix*d with hoc
Urine, and fo lay it on hot, and then {"^t on the Saddle ; and then if
after two or three days drefling, the fwclling break, then look if there
be any dead flefh within the fore, and either eat or cut it out : theri
take a pound of frefh greafe, and a Pound of Sallet-Oil, three ounces of
white Wax, one ounce of Turpentine and threedrams of Verdigreafe,
melt all thefe together, and tent the fore therewith rill it be whole,
for this will both eat away the ill Flefh, and incarnate good. Ochtrs
take green Cpleworts and ftamp them in fwines-greafe, and lay it
plaifterwife on the fore, and it will alfwage if, eipecially if you ride
the Horfe a little to make the Medicine enter in. Now if there be no
great fwelling, but only the skin chafed off, then you fiiall wafli the
raw place with Water and Salt, or elfe with warm Wine, and fp:inkle
upon it the Powder of Honey and Lime; or elfe the Pcwder of
MyrrH, or the. Powder of burnt Silk, or Felt, or Cloath or of any
oldPoft.^".^'^* j^^ ",^';
Otli'^rJParriefs life when only the skin is galled off, to take a fpoon-
ful of thick Cream, and to put as much Chimney-foot into it as will
tnake it thick hke an Ointment, and then to lay it upon the fure, and
4ueliionlefs it will heal it prefently if the Wound be not very deep.
Z CHAP.
170
Of Cures CbymrgicaL Lib. II.
CHAP' XL VII. Of any galled Back or Withers y how great
foe'ver the Swelling or Inflammation he,
V the Swelling^ Pinch, Wringing, or Gall, either upon the Wi-
thers or any part of the Back of a Horfe be extraordinary great,
and much inflamed, fothat there is no apparent hope that it can be
got away without much Apofthumarion j then the Cure, according
to the Opinion of the ancicnteft Farriers, is. To take Barm, and
mix it wich fo much Soot of a Chimney, and make it fo thick there-
with that it fh.all feem Hke Tar, and with that make a Piaifter, and
lay it lo the fore place, renewing ic twice a day, and it will very
fudJenly both draw and heal it pcrfeftly.
Othtrs ufe to take a har,dful of Bay-Salt, and a handful of great
and fmallOatmeal, and put a quantity of old ftaie Urine thereto,,
and ftir them all together, and temper it like pap, or pafte, and then
make round balls thereof, then throw rhem in a Fire, and make them
red hot • then take them forth and beat them to hue Powder, and
then ftrow of that Powder all over the fore, fo oft as you fhall fee any
part thei-eof bare, and it will heal it. Other Farriers ufe if they fee
the fwclling to be any thing great, firft to draw round about the iwel-
iing wirh a hot Iron, and then crofs him with the
fame Iron,, in manner of this Figure: then take a
round hot Iron, having a fti^rp point, and thruft it
up into the fwelling on each fide upwards towards
the point of the Withers, or top of the Back, to
the intent that the Matter may iffue downwards at
both the holes ; that done, tent both the holes firft with a tent dipt in
Hogs-greafe to kill the Fire, and alfo anoint all the burnt places there-
wi:hv continuing fo to do until the fwelling be alfwaged, renewing the
tent every day once until the fiery matter be fallen away; then tent
him again with waflied Turpentine, mingled with the Yolks of three
or tour Egg5, and Saffron, renewing the Tent every day once until
it be v/hole.
But if for all this the fwelling do not go away, then it is a fign of
fome inward Impolthumation, and then ic (liall be good that yoa lance
it, and let out the Corruption ; then take of Honey half a pint, of
Verdigreafe two ounces beaten to Powder, and mix it together with
Honey, then boil them in a Pot until they look red, then being luke-
vvarun, make either a Tent or a Piaifter, according as the Wound fhall
require, renewing the fame every day once until it be whole. But
the fore ma be fo vehement, that for want of looking, to in time, if
k be on the Withers, it wiU pierce downwards betwixt both the
ihoulders, even unto the Body^ which is moft dangerous and very
mortal,
Lib. II. Of Ctcres ChyrurgicaL in\
morcalj therefore whenfoever you fhall fear any fuch hollownefsj you
fhall tenc the hole with the Salve laft mevitioned, and thruft after it a
good piece of dry ^punge^ as well to keep the hole open, as alfo to
fuck out the Corruption^ and this you fhall renew once a day until the
fore be whole,
§CJ=* Others of our late Farriers ufe to take Butter, Vinegar, and
Bay-Saltj and melting them together, lay it to the fore warm until it
break, then ftrow upon it either Soot, or the Powder of Clay Wall,
but if it be much feftred, then take a pottle of Verjuice, two penny-
worth of green Copperas, and boil it unto a pint and a half: Then
wafh and learch the hollownefs therewith, then fill the hole with red
Lead, and fo let it remain three da5's untouched, then wafh it with
the fame water again, and fill the hole again with red Lead, and fo
every other Day wafh it with that Water, and lay red Lead thereon,
and it will heal the foreft Back whatfoever. Now all thefe Medicines
already rehearfed are fufficient enough for the healing of any gall'd back
whatfoever j yet forafmuch as divers Farriers hold divers Opinions,
and think what they know to be only beft approved, and inafmuch
as you fhall not be ignorant of any Man's Skill or Knowledge, which
beareth any ground of reafon in it; I will repeat you a Catalogue of
other Medicines, which alTuredly are all good in their kinds, and you
may ufe them as occafion Ihall be adminiftred.
Firft then know. That the Powderof Briar- Leaves will dry and heal
up any galled Back. Alfo Rye- flower, the White of an Egg, Honey,
Barley ilraw burnt, and Soot, will dry up, and heal a fore Back : the .
Powder of Honey and unflackt Lime will skin any Gall ; the Powder
of wild Cucumbers dried in an Oven, will heal any Gall, provided the
Sore be firft wafht with Vinegar. Onions boiled in Water, and laid hot
toafwoln Horfe'sBack, will aiTwage the fwelling ; and the yolk of an
Egg, Salt, and Vinegar beaten together, willhealit when it is broken,
provided that you wafh the fore firft with Ale. wherein Rofemary hath
been fod. The Soot or Grime of a Brafs Pot, the Powder of the
bone of Crab^fifh, or the Powder of Oyfter fhells, any of thefe will
dry and skin a galled Back.
Lallly, (and befides it, a Man needeth no more Medicines) for this
purpofe. Take Hay and boil it ftrong in Urine, and lay it to the fwel-
led place, and it will either afTwage it, or bring it to a Head, then
Lance it, andlet out the matter ; then flop the hole with Rozin, Wax,
and frefh Greafe molten together ; but if you find any drad fiefh to
grow within the fore, then eat it out with either Verdigreafe beaten to
Powder and ftrewed thereon, or elfe with Mercury calcined, called,,
of fomc Precipitate, being likewife ftrowed on the proud fiefti; and
when the proud flefh is gone, you may dry up the Sore only with the
Z z Powder
iji Of Cures Chyrurgicah Lib II,
Powder of Rozin, and nothing elfe. See farther of this Difeafe in
the new Addition for the Fittula,, marked thus V^
CHAP. XL VIII. Of a Canker in the Withers »f a Horfe.
IF a Horfe after he hath been violently wrung upon the Withers_,.
be fuffered to go unlocked to, and that the fore breakech upward
through its own violence^ yet the greateft fubftanceof theMacceror
Corruption defcending and rotting (till downward^ irc.^nnoc chufb
but breed a C- nkerous and Vile Ulcer, as dar gerous as is a-iy Fiilula,
which y u fiiall know by thefe Signs ; Firflj the Matter that ilTuethfrom
the fore, will be fharp, hot, and waterifh lye, fretting the hair away
where it runneth down, and about the hole of the fore wili be a kind
of fpongeous, proud, dead flefh, which ftoppeth the palTagc^ of the-
grofs Matter. Now the Cure of this Cankerous Sore is, according to
the Opinion of the old Farriers, To take a Razor, and cut open the
hole of the Ulcer, fo that you may fee into the hollownefs; then cut
out all the dead flefh till you come to the quick, then take a quart of old '
ftale Urine, and put thereto a handful of Salt ; then boil it well on
th-e fire, then having cleanfed the fore either with a Cloth or a wifp-^
of Ha5% wafh it well with the Liquor ; then take the Yolks of four'
EggS:) and a Penny-worth cf Yerdigreafe, and a fpoonful of Flower,
and make a Plaifter thereof and lay it to the fore, dreffing him in'
this fort once a Day until it be whole.
Others of our ancient and latter Farriers ufeto take of the ftrongefE '
Beer a pint^ put into it a quarter of a pound of Allom, and haif i-
handful of Sage, feethe it to the one half, then take out the Sage- ■
leaves, and with the reft drefs the Horfe once a Day, and it will heal .
any Cankerous Sore in any part whatfoever.
CHAP. XLIX. Of the Stick-fafi, or Sit-fafi, tToms, or hard
Bones growing under the Saddle^
THefe Stick-fafts, Sit-fafts> or Horns, that grow in a Horfe*s skin
under the '^ addle, is a certain dead skin like a hard piece of
Leather, growing faft in the flefh ; k cometh of fome old bruiie,
which not impofthumating, the Skin falleth dead, and fticketh hard
and faft to the flefh.
f^ The Cure is, Take either a fharp crooked Tnftrument made for the
purpofe, or elfe along Nail, with the point turned inward, and catch*
irtg hold on the edge of the dead Skin, or Horn, which will clap or rife
from the found skin, and with a fharp Knife cutaway all the dead hard
skin from the found flefh ; and if when it is cut our, the hollownefs
fee fomewhat deep, then you fhall heal it up by pouring hot molten
Butter into it Evening and Movum^i then when the flelh is made even,
dry
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgkal, v 173
dry and skin it either with the Powder of Honey and Lime, ©r with
Soot and Cream mixt together. Otheis'ufe firft to anoint the Stick-
filler hard Skin wich frefn Butter or Hogs greafe^ until it be mollified
andnaade foft; fo as you may either cut them or pull them .iway, and
then wafh the Wound cither with Man's Urine, or with White- wine
a;.d then dry it up With the Powder of Oyfter {hells,, or Bole-
Armoniack.
C H A P. L, 0/ Wens or Knohs gr9w;ng about the Saddle- Skirts.
THE Wens orKnobs which grovv about rhe Saddle-Skirts, do moft'
commonly grow betwixt two Ribs, and do ever proceed of old
Bruifes; and the Cure is, firft to mollifie them by anointing them
twice or thrice a Day wich Hogs-greafe. for more than a Week to-
gether, and Tomcriraes to bathe them with hot Wine-Lees ; but if ii»
that rpace it- wilLcome to no head then Lance it from the middle
dovvnwards, ami Tent? it with waflied Turpentine, Yolks of Eggs,
and Saffron mingled as well together as is before fhewed. renewing
the Tent every Day once, until the Sore be fufficiencly and perfedly
healed. Look unto the Cure for the Splent, and what cureth that,
helpe th this. > u\ : A v. . ; ij
C H A -^. LL Of the Navel^Gall.
npH E Navel Gall" is, when a Horfe at any time is bruifed on the top^
■-■ of the Chine of the B-ick, behind the Saddle, right againft the
Navtl, whence it taketh the Name: it cometh either by fplitting of
the ; addle bthifid^ .or forlack of fluffing, or by means of the Crup-
per-Buckle fitting down in chat place, or through fome hard weight
or knobs lying diredly behind the Saddle ; of all bruifmgs on the back,
it is the moft vile and dvsngei ous, and you fhidl perceive it by the puffed
up and Ipcngy fltfh lookii.g like old rotten Lights about the JViOuth-
of the iore. 1 he Cure thereof is, according co fome of the ancient
Farriers, firft to cut away all the dead or proud flefh even to the Bone,
then burn a hole four Inches lower than the Navel-Gall, and put a
Rowtl of Hortl-hair through it; then take the Powder of Oyfter^
fhelL, or of any od Shooe-fole burnt, and ftrow it ontheforCj and
as it growech moift put on more Powder.
Other Farriers for the Navel-gall, do take the White of an Egg,
Wheat flower, Honey, Maftard and Soap, of each a iikequantity, and
mixing them to>i:ether, make a Plaifter thereof, and after the dead flefh
is taken out, at d the fore wafh'd wich Ale, Butter, a-d Urine^ then''
lay on the Plaifter ; and if the proud flefh begi to grow again, then'
the PoA'der of an oid burnt Shooe. or Nerve Oil, or Verdlgreafe will
kill it, and the Powder of Oyfter-iheUs will skin it. Others of the
anciem'
74" 0/ Cures CbymrgtcaL Lib 11.
ancient Farriers ufe, after they have cut out all the lOtten and dead
flefh, to take the White of an Egg and Salt beaten together, and lay
that Piaitter-wife to the Sore upon a little Tow, renewing it once a day
the fpace of two Days ^ then take of Honey a quarter of a pint, and
of Verdigreafe one ounce beaten into Powder, and boil them together
in a pot, ilirring it ilill, until ic look red, and being lukewarm,
make a Plaifter with Tow, and dap it to the Wound, wafhing and
cleanfing well the Wound ftrft wiih a little warm Vinegar or White-
wine, continuing fo to do f)nce a Day until it begin to heal and to
skin; then dry it up with fprinkling thereon this Powder following:
Take of Honey a quartern, and as much of unflackt Lime as will
thicken the Honey, and make it like a Pafte, and in a Fire-pan over
the Fire, ftir it ftill until it be hard baked, fo as it may be beaten into
Powder ; but ever before you throw on the Powder, wafh the Wound
firft with warm Vinegar, continuing io to do until it be perfedly skin-
ned. Others ute to heal this Gall by laying on the Sore^ a Plaifter of
Chimney-foot and Barm mixt together, or elfe mix Neitle-Seeds and
Sallet-Oii together, and anoint the Sore therewith.
There be others which ufe only to waOi the fore with warm Urine
and Salt, and then to anoint tht place wiih frefh Greafe and Salt mixt
together, or elfe to :ake of Betony, Powder of Brimftone, Ellebore,
Pitch, and old greafe, of each a like quantity, and ftamp thtm toge-
ther, and when you have wafhed the Sore with old Urine, then anoint
it with this Ointment until it be whole See aifo for this Difeafe in
the new Additions for the Fiftula, thus marked KS^
CHAP. LIT of the Swaying in the Buck.
AHorfe is faid to be fw ay ed in the Back, when either by too great
a burthen, or by fome flip, Itrain, or over-halty and flrait turn-
ing, he hath taken an extream Wrench in the lower part of his Back
below his fliort Ribs, and diredly between his Fillers; the Signs
whereof are conrinual reeling and rolli igof the Horfc's hinder Parts
in his going, and alio he will faulter many times, and fway fometimes
backwards, and fometimes fide-long, and be ready to fall to the
Ground; befides, the Horfe being laid, will with a great deal of
Difficulty rife up again.
The Cure, according to the Opinion of the old Italian Farriers,
is, To take of the Fat of the Fruit of the Pine-tree two ounces, of
Olibanum three ounces, of Rozin four ounces of Pitch four ounces,
of Bole Armoniack one ounce, and of Sanguis Draconis half an ounce;
incorporate all chefe well together, and lay it Plaifter-wife all over the
Reins of the Horfe's back, not taking it by any means away until it
fall oiF.
Others
Lib. [I. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 175
Others of our own Farrie^js ufe firft to cover the Horfe's back with
a Sheep- skin coming hot from the Sheeps Back, laying the flefhy
Hde next to his Back, and then lay a warm Houfing-Cloth upon the
fame, to keep his Back as hot as may be^ and fo let it continue until
it begin to fmell ; then take the old Skin away, and apply a new unto
it, continuing fo to do the fpace of three Weeks, and if he amend
not with this, then draw liis Back with a hot Iron right out on both
fides of the ridge of his fcack^ from the pitch of the Buttock unco a
handful within the Saddle; and then again overthwart, according to
this Figure, and kt t very line be an
Inch one from anochcr, neicl>er let
the ftroke be deep, and burned no
more than that every one may look
yellow J thtn lay upon the burning
this Charge or Plailtcr: Take of
Pitch one pound, of Kozin half a pound, of Boie-Armoniack half a
pound madv inro Powder, ai';d half a pint of Tar, and boil all thefe
together in a pot, and (lir it till every thing be molten, and throughly
mingled together^ then bting lukewarm, daub all the burningtherewith
very thick, and thereLpon clap as many flocks of the Horfe's Colour as
you can make to abide on, and remove it not before ic fall away of ic
felf, and if it be in Summer, you may turn the Horfe to Grafs.
C H A. P, LUI. Of /fecial IVeahnefsinthe BacL-
A Ccording to the Opinion of our oldefl Farriers (though my felf
jt\ have taken iittle notice of the Infirmity i) there is another kind
of Weaknefs belonging to a Horfe's Back, which they call the fretting
or biting of the RcinS;, which doth proceed from abundance of Hu^
mours rcforring to that place, whereby all the hinder Pai ts of the dorfe
do lofe their feeling and ftrength, and fuch a Horfe fallech down to
the Ground ; yea, and the Humours many times reforting to the Heart,
do futfucate the fame, and in two or three hours do caufe the Horfe to
die. The Cure, according to their Opinion, is, Firfl to let the Horfe
blood abundantly in the Neck-vein, and to draw his Back with a hot
Iron, in fuch fort, as is declared in the lail Chapter, and then to make
him fwim a pretty while in fome River; then rowel him upon the
Haunches near unro the Huckle-bones, and then to anoint the fore
place with Hogs- greafe, and three-leaved Grafs, ftamped together,
until he be whole.
CHAP, LIV. Of the Swelling of the Cods or Stones.
THis kind of Swelling or Inflammation of the Cods, cometh either
by fome Wound received, or by the Hinging, or elfe biting of
fome venomous Beafl,. ox elfe by fome great ftrain either in running
1^5 Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II.
or leaping^ or by the biting of one Horfe with anorher. The Cure isj
according to the Opinion of the moil ancient Italian Farriers, firft t6
bathe the Cod with Water^ wherein hath been fodden the Roots of
wild Cucumber, and Salt, and then to anoint it with an Ointment
inade of Oil, Goats-greale and the White of an Egg, or elfe to bathe
the Cod in warm Water, Nitrum and Vinegar mingled together, and
nlfo to be anoinred with an Ointment made of Chalk, or of Potters-
Earth, Ox-Dung, Comin Wearer and Vinegar mingled together ;...0f
.elfe to be anointed with the' Juice of the Herb caUed Nighc-fhade, of
with the Juice of Hemlock, which grows on Dunghils ; and if need
require, to let him Blood on the Flank-veins, But our latter Farriers,
who hold that this Diieafc cometh ofccil after fome Sicknefs or Sur-
feit wich Cold, being a bip:,n of amendment from that Sicknefs, dp qure
it in this fort : Take of Bean-liower, Wheat-meal, Comih, an^
Hogs-greafe *. f each a like quantity and making a Plaiiler thereof,
fpread it all over the Horfc's . ods and Stones. Others boil Ground-
fel in Wine-Vinegar, and fo bathe the Horfe's Cods therewith; ot
elfe take a quart of good Ale-wcrr and fet it on the Fire with
Crums of Brovv/n Bread ftron?ly leavened, and better than a handful
of Comin made into Powder Then wirh Bean-flower make a Plaifter
of them all, and apply it to the G.ief as hot as can be fuffered- Or
if this help not, take Cows Dung and feeche ir in Milk, and lay it
upon the fwelling as hot as may be and it will alfwage it But if iliis
Inflammation proceed from. ranknefs of Seed, which \ ou fhall fee by
the much moift fliminefs of his Yard, then ycu fhall firtt make him
cover a Mare, then keep him without Provender, and let hi n Blood,
above the great Vein, which is between his Lips, and lay thereto hard
Eggs beaten in his own Dung, and make a Plaifter of the fame, and
lity ic.to his (ods, and once a day waflihis Cods with cold Water.
Other ancient Farriers ufe to let the Horfe blood in his fiank Vems-^
and then take Oil of Rofes and of Vinegar, of each half a Pint, of
Bole-Armoniack half a quartern beaten to Powder, mix them toge-
ther in a Cruize, and being lukewarm, anoint the Cods therewith,
with two or three Feathers bound together ,• and the next day ride hirn
into the Water fo as his Cods may be within the Water, giving him
a turn or tw^o therein, and fo return fair and foftly home unto the Sta-
ble I and when the H^rfe is dry, anoiiit him again as before, and do
this every day until the Horfe be whole.
Now there be other Farriers, which hold that this Difeafe may
come by means of evil Humours, and corrupt Blood, which refort
nnto the Cods ; and the Cure is, To cover all the Cods over with a
Charge made, of Bole-Armoniack, and Vinegar wroughttogether^ re-
newing it ever}' Day once until the fwelling go away, or that it break
of
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgical. ly^
of it felf, and if it break, then to tent it with Mel-Rofatum, and
make him a Breech of Canvafe to keep it in^ renewing the Tent every
Day oncej until it be perfedly well.
CHAP. LV. Oflncordingj or Burjling, or the Rupture hi Ho rfes.
THis RupturSj as our old Farriers call it, this Incording or Burft-
nefs in Horfes, is, when the Rim or thin Film which holdeth
the Guts up in a Horfe's Body is broken, fo that the Guts fall down ei-
ther into the Cods of the Horfe* or into the Horfe's Flank, as I have
feen divers. Now this Burftnefs cometh either by fome flripe or
Blow of another Horfe, or elfe by fome drain in leaping over a
hedge or a ditch, or by teaching a Horfe to bound when he is too
young, or when a Horfe goreth himfelf upon fome Pole or Stake, or
by forcing a Horfe when he is full to run beyond his Screngch, or by
flopping a Horfe too fuddenly upon naughty and hollow Ground,
whereby the ftradling and flipping of his hinder Feet, may flretch or
tear the Rim»
The Signs to know this Sorance before it be apparent to the eye,
are, The Horfe will forfake his Meat, and fland ihoaring or leaning
always on that fide he is hurt^ and on that fide if you fearch with
your hand betwixt the Stone and the Thigh, upward to the Body^
and fomewhat above the Stone, you fliall find the Gut it feif big and
hard in the feeling, whereas on the other fide you lliall find no fuch
Thing.
Now for the Cure, although for mine own part I both do and
fliall ever hold it uncureable, as long as a Horfe is a Beaft without
Reafon, yet for your Satisfadion, I will not flick to repeat what the
beft Farriers, and my felf have pradifed, inafmuch as it worketh
much good, though no abfolute Cure.
The Cure then is. To bring the Horfe into fome Houfe or Place which
hath over-head a ftrong baulk or beam going overthwart, and ftrow
that Place thick with ftraw, then put on four ftrong Pafterns, with
four Rings on his Feet, and faften one end of a long Rope to one of
thofe Rings, then thred all the other Things wirh the loofe end of the
Rope, and fo draw all his four Feet together, and caft him on the ftraw ;
that done, caft the Rope over the baulk, and hoift the Horfe fo as he
may lie flat on his Back, with his Legs upward without flruglingj then
bathe his Stones well with warm Water and Butter molten together,
and the Stones being fomewhat warm and well mollified, raife them up
from the Body with both your hands, being clofed by the Fingers dole
together, and holding the Stones in your hands in fuch manner, work
down the Gut into the Body of the Horfe, by ftriking it downwaids,
continually with your two Thumbs, one labouring immediately after,
A a another^
i«g Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II.
another^ until you perceive that fide of the Stone to be lb Imail as the
other ,• and fo having returned the Gut into his right place^ take a Lift;"
of two Fingers broad^ throughly anointed with frefh Butter, andtie^
his Stones both together with the fame, fo ni^h the Body as may he, \ec
not over hard, but fo as you may piit yolir Finger between ; that done
take the Horfe quietly down, and lead him gently into the Stable,'
where he muft ftand warm, and not be ftirred for the fpace of three
Weeks ;■ but forget not the next day, after you have placed his Gut m
its true place, to unloofen the Lift and take it away, and as wtll at^
that time, as every Day once or twice after, to caft a DIfh or two of ^
cold Water upon his Cods, and that will make him to fiirink up his-
Stones, and thereby reftrain the Gut horn falling down^ and at the
three Weeks end, to make your Cure fo much the furer, it were not
ai-nifs to geld the Stone on that fide away, fo (hall he hardly be burften
again on that fide; and during the Cure^ let him not eat much, nor
drink much, and let his drink be always warm.
C H A P. LVI. 0/ the Botch in the Groim of a Horfe,
IT is the Opinion of the beft Horlleaches, that if a grofs Horfe
which is full of Humours, be fuddenly and violently laboured, that-
then the Humours will refort into the weakeft part, and there gather
together and breed a Botch, and efpecially in the hinder parts betwixt
the Thighs, not far from the Cods : The Signs are, The hinder Legs '
will be all fwoln, efpecially from the Cambrels or Hoofs upward, and
if you feel with your hand, you fhall find a great knob or fwelling^
and if it be round and hard, it will gather to a head.
The Cure according to the general Practice, is, Firft to ripen it
with this Plaifter : Take of Wheat-flower, of Turpentine, and of
Honey of each a like quantity, ftirring it together to make a ftiff'
.Plaifter, and wich a Cloth lay it to the Sore, renewing it once every
day, until it break or wax foft ; and then Launce it, fo as the Mat-
ter may run downward, then Tent it with Turpentine and Hogs-
greafe molren together, renewing it every day once, until it be per^
fedly whole.
C FI. A P. LViL A mrfi artain arid affroved Cure for the Botch
in the Groins y or any Im^ojihumation ^
A S foon as you perceive the fwelling to appear, lay upon it a Plai-
l\ fter of Shooe-maker's Wax, fpread upon AIIom-Leather, and
let it lie until the Sore grow foft; then open it with a Launcet, or let
ic break of it felf ; vv^hen the filth is come out, wafh the Sore very well
with ftrong Allom-water, then Tent ic with the Ointment called
^gvptiacum till it he whole.
^^^ CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cmes ChyrurgtcaL ly^
CHAP. LVIII. Of the Itch, Scab, or Manginefs in the Tail,
or generai falling of the Hair.
HOrfes, through the Corruption of Bloody or thefulnefsof Rank
feeding, or through over-heating and labouring, or by the in-
fedion of other Horfes, do many times get the general Scab, Itch
or Manginefs in the Tail, and fometimes in the Spring-time Horfes
are often troubled with the Truncheon Worms in their Fundament
which will make them rub their Tails, and fret the Hair, yet are free
both from Mange and Scurf. Wherefore if then you only Rake the
Horfe with your Hand, anoint it with Soap, and pull out the *«Vorms
you (hall caufe the Horfe to leave his rubbing ; but if you perceive the
Hair to fhed and fall from the Tail, through fome fmall Worms that
grow at the Roots of the Hair, or through fome little fretting Scurf,
then you fhali anoint all the Tail with Soap even to the Ground and
then wafh it with very Itrong Lye after, and that will both kill the
Worms, and fcour out the Scurf; but if much of the Tail be fallen
away, then you fhall keep the Tail continually wet with a ffmnge
dipt in fair Water, and that will make the Hair to grow very faft.
Now if in the Horfe's Tail fhall grow any Canker, which will confume
both the Flefh and Bone, and make the Joints to fall awav^ one by one
then you fhall wafh all his Tail with Aqua-Fortis, or ftrong Water
made in this fort: Take of green Copperas and of Allom, of each
one Pound, of white Copperas a quartern, boil all thefe together in
three Quarts of Running- Water, in a very flrong Earthen Pot, until
one half be confumed ; and then with a little of this Water, being made
lukewarm, wafli his Tail with a little Clout or Flax bound to the end
of a Stick, continuing fo to do every day once till it be whole. But
if, as I faid before, through the Corruption of Blood, Food or La-
bour, this Scab, Itch, or Manginefs, fpread univerfally into many
Parts of the Tail, you (hall then likewife wafh it with the fame flrong
Water until it be whole.
CHAP. LIX. of the general Scah, Manginefs^ or Leprofie over
the whole Body.
THe general Manginefs, or Leprofie, which runneth all over the
Horfe's Body, is a cankered filthy Scurf which covereth the
fame, proceeding from abundance of melancholy corrupt Blood, in-
gendred by infecftion or unwholefome Food, or elfe by indifcreec La-
bour. The Signs whereof are, the Horfe will be all mangy, and cove-
red over with a white filthy fcurf, full of Scabs, and raw plats about
the Neck and Flanks, and ill favoured to look on, and rubbing,
A 2 fcratching
1 8o Of Cures Chyrurgkal Lib. 11.
fcratching. and biting : of all Difeafes there is no one more infcdious,
nor will more cercainly kill a Horfe if it be not prevented.
Now tht: Cure^ according ro the Opinion of skilful Farriers_, is^
- Firft to let the Horfe blood in the one fide of the Neck-vein, and
within two days after on the other fide of the Neck, and within two
days auer that, in the Flank-veins, and laft of all^ in the Vein under
the tail: then wafh all the fore Places with Salt-brine, and rubbing
them hard with a wifp of ftraw hard twifted, fo as they may bleed
wtll, and be all raw ; that done, anoint the places with this Ointment :
Take of Quickfilver one ounce, of Hogs-greafe one pound, of Brim-
ilone beaten into Powder a quartern, of Rape-Oil a pint, mingle
thcfe things well together, until the Quickfilver be throughly incor-
porated with the reft, and having anointed all the raw places with
this Ointment, make it to fmk into the flefli, by holding and waving
up and down over it, a hot broad Bar of Iron, and then touch him
no more again the fpace of two or three days ; during which time,
if you fee that he rubbeth ftill in any place, then rub that place again
with an old Horfccomb, or a Hair-Cloth, to make it raw, and
anoint it with frefti Ointment. But if all this will not help, then with
a hot Iron round and blunt at the point, fo big as a Man's little Finger,
burn all the mangy places, making round holes, paflingonly through
the Skin and no further : For which Intent, it (hall be needful to pull
the Skin firft from the Flelli with your left Hand, holding it ftill until
you have thruft the hot Iron through it, and let every hole be a fpan
one from another, and if need be, you may anoint thofe holes with
a little Soap, and let the Horfe be very thin dieted during his
curing Time,
Now for mine ovv^n part, I do utterly diflike this burning, for it is
a foul manner of Cure, and breedeth much Eye- fore in the Horfe, and
therefore other of our latter Farriers ufe for this Difeafe, after the Horfe
is let blood in the Neck-vein, to take a good quantity of frefh Greafe,
and mix it well with the Powder of Chalk, then put thereto a good
quantity of the Powder of Brimftone and Elecampane roots, and ftir
them all well together, and take a pretty quantity of Quickfilver, and
kill it with your fafting fpittle, or Sallet-Oil, and mix it with all the
left very well together, and fo anoint all the fore places about the Horfe
with this Ointment. Others ufe to take of Lamp Oil, the fine Powder
of Brimftone, of black Soap, of Tar, of Hogs-greafe, and the Soot
of a Chimney, of each a like quantity, and then mix them all well to-
gether, by boiling them on the Fire, and then anoint all the fore places
therewith, as hot as the Horfe can endure or fuffer it, always provided:-
efeat the Horfe be let blood before you ufe the Ointment.
Qcheri;
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical,
i^i
Others ufe, after the Horfe is let blood, to take of Oil de Bay a
pound, and of Quickfiiver one ounce, and mixing them together,,
never leave ftirring thereof 'till the Quickfiiver be killed and incorpo-
rated with the Oilj then anoint all the fore places there with^ after you
have made them raw by rubbing them.
Other Farriers ufe firll to let the Horfe bloody then to walh all the
fore places within two days afcer^ wich Water wherein young Broom
or the Herb Arfmart hath been well fodden and fmally chopt and mixt
with a little Soot^ and rub liim well untill the fore places breed ; then
take a pound of black Soap^ a pottle of keen Muftardj four penny-
worth of Brimftone made into Powder,, three pennyworth of Quick-
fiiver well killed with frefh Greafe^ two pennyworth of Verdigreafe,
a quarter of a pint of Greafe^ llir all thefe together in a Veflel 'cill the
Greafe and orher things be molten with labour, and without fire^ and
therewithal anoint all the fore places, and with once anointing, and
twice wafliing, this will cure him.
Other Farriers ufe, if the Horfe be young to let him blood,
on both fides the Neck, and then to cut the Skin down the midft of
his Forehead two Fingers in length j then with a Cornet open the Skin
an inch; wide on both fides the flitj and put therein thin ffices of the
green Root of Elecampane, or Angelica^ which is better : So let
them remain under the Skin 'till the Matter rot, then crufh it forth after
two or three days, and in twelve days the Roots will fall out as it
healeth i but this will cure the Mange provided that you anoint all the
fore places with the Powder of firimftone, Verdigreafe, and Oil-
Olive mixt upon a fire very well together. Others ufe after Blood<
letting, to rowel the Horfe under the Neck, that the evil Humours
may ilTue forth, then to rub all his Body quite over with an hard hair
Cloth, or with an old Curry-Comb, until the Horfe bleedeth^ after
that, take of Sulphur, Salt and Tartar, of each a like quantity, beat
them and temper them with very ftrong Vinegar^ and as much com-
mon Oil, and therewith anoint all the fore places ^ or elfe take very
ftrong Wine- Vinegar, the Urine of a Boy under twelve Years of Age,
and the Juice of Hemlock, mix them together^ and. wafli the Horfe
therewithal.
Other Farriers ufe after Blood-letting, to anoint the Horfe with-one
of thefe Ointments the fore having been before rubbed till it bleed,
either with Brimftone, Oil. Vinegar^ Salt, Soot, Swines-Dung, and
unflackt Lime of each a like quantity, well mixt and boiled together^
or elfe with Brine-Waccrfod with Nettles, or elfe with Vinegar, Allom^
and Salt Nitre boiled together, or elfe wafh the Sore with Beef- broth ,
then boil Pepper beaten to Powder, Verdigreafe, and Chervelin
frftlh Greafe^j and anoint the Horfe. all over therewith, holding a
Chafing
1 8 3 Of Cures Cbymrgkal, Lib 11.
Chafing-difli and Coals^ or a hot Bar of Iron to h*s Body, to make
the Ointment fink in.
Laftly, and as good as any of the reft, after the Ho fe hath been let
Blood, Take an old Curry-Gomb, or a Wool-Card, and rub every
fore place about the Horfe till it bleed ; then take of the oidtlt Pifs
you can get, a Pottle, and of Green Copperas three quarters of a
Pound, mix and ftir them well together, then fet them on the \ ire,
and boil them a while, then as hot as the HoiTe can fufFerit wafh him
with the fame : After his wafhing is a little dried. Take of Oii one
ounce and a half, of Quickfilver two ounces, of white EUeborus one
ounce, with a good quantity of Swines-greafe, mingle all thefe well
together, till no part of the Quickfilver can be feen, and then anoint
the Horfe all therewith • and if the firft Time doth not cure him, the
fecond will moft alTuredly ; provided, that during the time of Cure,
you keep the Horfe with a very thin Diet.
=C HAP- LX. T-wo moft excellent and approved Medicines^ feffeci-
ally the latter) for the fouleft Mange cr Leprojte that can fojjitly happen
to any Horfe.
TAKE Hogs-greafe, Bay- Salt, Wormwood, and Rue- of each a
pretty quantity, ftamp them together well in a Mortar, and
when it is brought to one entire Salve, ftop it hard into the Horfe's
Ears, then either bind them up, or ititch them together, that the Me-
dicine may not fall out, and do thus three or four days together, and
it will not only Cure the Mange, but any foul Farcy whatfoever.
The fecoiid Medicine, and moft alTured for the Mange, is. To
take frefh Greafe, Yellow, and White Arfenick, and mix them very
well together till it come to a pale yellow Salve, then your Horfe having
been let blood, and all the Scurf taken aw^y, either with an old Curry-
Comb, or fuch Uke hard Thing, fo as the fore places may lie Raw,
then anoint them al) over with this Ointment, and let the Horfe ftand
fo tied, that he may by no means touch any part of his Body with his
Mouth, and when he hath ftood thus two or three Hours, then take
old Urine warmed, and wafh away all the Ointment, and then give
the Horfe his Meat i thus drefs the Horfe twice or thrice at the moft,
and it 4s fufficient for any Mange whatfoever^
CHAP, LXI. tloiv to know when a Horfe haUeth before^ and
in -what Part his Grief is,
THere is nothing more neceffary for any Man's underftandin^, that
(hall have occafion at any time to ufe a Horfe, efpecially for the
•skilful Farrier, than to know the Reafon why a Horfe halteth, and
where the Grief remaincth, as well becaufe thofe Griefs lie moft con-
cealed.
Lib. 1 1. Of Cures ChyruvgicaL 1 8 ^
cealedj as alfo becaufe our Kingdom is fa very full of fubtle unconfci-
onable Horfe-Couifjrs, that they ar& careful moft to conceal that
which may fooneft cozen their Neighbours. You fhali know then,
that no Horfehaketh before, but his Grief muft be either in his Shoul-
ders, in his i-egs^ or in his Feet : If it be in his Shoulders, it mull
either be on the top of his Shoulder-blade, which we call the Withers,
or the bottom of the Shoulder-blade joining to the Marrow-bone,
which is the forepitch of the Breaft, or in the Elbow of the Horfej
which joins the nether End of the Marrow- bone and the Leg to-
gether.
Now for the general knowledge whether the Grief be in the Shoulder
or no, look if the Horfe do not lift up his I eg, buttraileth it upon the
Ground, then it is in the bhoulder, and is a new hurt : If he call: his
Leg more out in his going than the other, and that almoft with an'
unbended Knee, then it is alio in the Shoulder, and it is an old hurt:
If you rake him by the head-ftall of the Bridle, and turn him asfliort
as you can poffibly wi;h both Hands, if then you fee him when he is
turned on the lame Side to favour his Leg very much (as he cannot
ehufe but doj then alfo his Grief is in his Shoulder: Or if when a
Horfe ftandeth in the Stable> he ftretcbeth out his fore-Leg, and fet-
teth it more forward than the other, it is partly a Sign the Grief is in
the Shoulder, but not abfoluteiy.
Now when you knew generally that the Grief or Pain is in the
Shoulder, then you fhall learn to know in what part of the Shoulder,
as thus: If the Horfe halteth more when the Rider is upon his Back,
than when he is off", then the Grief is in the top of the Withers,- if
when with your Hand you gripe and handle him upon the top of
the Shoulder-blades, you find that he fhrinketh much, and offereth to
bite at you (not having any galled Back before, for that may deceive
you) then affuredly the Grief is on the Withers. If the Horfe goeth
bowing unto the Ground, and tread his fteps very thick, then it is a
Sign the Grief is in his Breaft, between the nether part of the Spade-
bone, and the upper part of the Marrow-bone, and therefore if with
your Thumb you prefs him hard in that part, you fliail fee him fhrink^
and be ready to fall down.
Now if when you take his Elbow in your Hand betwixt your Fin-
ger and your Thumb, and gripe it, the Horfe prefently taketh his
Foot from the Ground and lifts up his Leg, offering therewithal to bite
or fnap at you, then the Grief is only in the Elbow.
Now if the Grief whereof a Horfe halteth be in his Leg, it is either
in his Knee, in his Shank, or elfe in his Paftern joint : If it be cither
in his Knee or Paftern-joint, he will not bow them in his going like
the other, but will go very ftiffly upon them^ if the Pain or Grief be-
in
i^A Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II.
in the Shank, then it is by means of fome Splent, Screw_, Wind-gall,
or fuchapparent Grief, moft apparent to be beheld.
Now if the Grief of this halting be in his Foot, then it is either in
the Cronet, in the Heel, in the Toe, in the Quarters, or in the ^oie of
the Foot^ if it be in the Cronet, either the Grief will be appa ent,
the Skin be broken or fvvoln fome manner of way, or elfe laying your
Hand upon the Cronet, it will burn and glow exceedingly, and then
he hath got fome ftrain of the Joint within the Hoof; if it be in the
Heel, as by over- reach, or other wife, then it is to be feen, and he
will tread altogether upon the Toe; if upon any of the Quarters,
which is to be underftood from the middle Hoof to the Heel, then
going on the edge of a Bank or hilly Ground, he wile halt more than
on the plain Ground, and by the Florfes coming toward you, and go-
ing from you upon fuch Edge or Bank, you fliail perceive whether his
Grief be in the inward Quarters or outward Quarters : Alfo he may
halt upon his Quarters by the pricking of a Nail, and then you (hall
with a pair of Pinfons nip the Head of every Nail and his Hoof to-
gether, and where he complaineth, there draw the Nail; and if the
Nail fmk, then there is his pain, [f he halt in the Toe, which is fel-
dom or never ieen, then he will tread altogether upon his Heel : If
his Grief be in the Sole of his Foot, as by the treading upon fome
Nail or Stub, or by Surbayting, or fuch like, then he will halt all after
one fort, upon any Ground whatfoever, unlefs it be upon the ftones,
and then he will halt the moil.
Now to be fure in what part of the Foot the Grief is, it fhall be
good, firft to make him go upon the plain Ground, and then upon a
hard and ftony way, and after upon a banky Ground, and by taking
careful Notes and careful handling him, you fhall eafdy fee of what
Member he halteth.
CHAP. LXII. Of Halting hehlnd. and where the Grief is.
IF a Horfe halt behind, his Grief of Neceflicy muft cither be in his
Hip, (of fome called the Huckle-bone, or in the HifF, in the Hough,
in the Ham, in the Leg, iji the nether Joinr, in the Paftern or in
the Foot. If he halt in the Hip of any new hurt, the Horfe will go
fide-Iong, and not follow fo well with that Leg as with the other, nei-
ther will be able to turn upon that fide without much favouring
of his Leg; but if it be any old hurt, then the fore Hip will flirink,
and be lower than the other ; and it is beft {^tn when he goeth up a
Hill, or upon the edge of fome Bank, fo as the worii Leg may go on
the higher fide, for then he will halt fo much the more, becaufe it is
very painful unto him to go fo unevenly wrenching his Leg ; if the
Grief be in the ftifF, then the Horfe in his going will caft the ftiiF
Joint
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgtccd, 185
Joinc outwardj and the Bone on theinfide will be fomewhat bigger than
the other, neither can he any more than ccich the Ground with his
Toe. If his Grief be in his Hoof, then it is by means of fome Spaven,
which is apparent both to be feen and felt, or elfe fome ftrain or blow,
and then the fwelling will moft evidently appear •, and the like is to be
fkid of the Ham, wherein may be feen the Sallander, or fuch like ap-
parent Sorance, caufing the Horfe to halt : If the Grief be either in
the Leg, Paftern, or Foot, you (hall find it by fuch Signs g|lia.ve
been taught you in the former Chapter. .'"- ^'"^^^v^
CHAP. LXni. How to know if a Horfe hath any kij^en Grief
in hint, that maketh him to halt when be cometh to Travel, ^and whence
it proceeds.
NO \V forafmuch as there are fome Horfes, which through long reft
and running at Grafs will wear out the worft of their Griefs, fo
that when they come to be but gently ridden, they will co^j^ft'^cir
halting, and through a Natural Awe they bear unto theJ^lt^'iBv^H,
whilft he is on their Backs, go as if they were as found\s»miightT:)e,
yet be truly of themfelves very imperfect; in this Ca^, Jjbthio'ieep
your felf from couzening, and to difcover the moft hi^^n Infirmity ;
you fliall firft take the Horfe out of the Stable in a long String, and
caufing one to run him in his hand, at the length of the halter, mark
how he fets down his Legs, for if any be imperfed:, then that he will
favour ; but if at firft he go upright and favour no Leg, then take his
back, and ride him a while roundly up and down a Road ; then alight
from his Back, and let him ftand ftill an hour, then as before, let him
run in a Man's hand, at the halter's length, without any Man on
his Back, and believe it is a moft certain Rule, if he have the leaft
Grief that may be, he will then Ihew it, and favour that Limb which
is moft pained or grieved; for by this Rule only, are many bad Horfe-
Courfers difcovered.
Now to know whereof thefe Griefs proceed, you fhall underftand,
that if the Grief proceed from a hot Caufe, then the Horfe halteth
moft when he Travelleth or is chafed. But if it proceed from cold
Caufes, then he halteth moft when he is cold, and leaft when he is
hot and much Travelled.
C H A P. LXIV. Of the Grief and pinching of the Shoulder.
TH E Grief or pinching of the Horfe*s Shoulder, cometh either by
labouring and ftraining the Horfe too young, or by the carriage
of too great Burthens. It is to be known by the narrowneis of the
Breaft, and by the Confumption of the flefli of the fhoulders. info-
much that the fore- part of the Shoulder-bone will ftick out and be
B b much
i86 Of Cures Chyrmgical, Lib. IL
much higher than the flefh, and if ic be of any longer Continuance
he will be very hollow upon, the Brisket towards the fore-booths^ and
he will go wider beneath at the Feet than at the Knees. The Cure
thereof, according to the Opinion of fome Farriers, is, to make a
flit of an inch long, with a fliarp Knife, upon both fides, an inch under
the Shoulder-bone, and blowing the skin well from the Flefh with a
Swans Quill, both of the one and the other Shoulder, even up to the
top of the VVichers, and flroaking the Wind up equally with your
Hand into both the Shouldersy and then when they' are full, ftick the
Windy places with a Hazel- Stick overall the Shoulder, then loofening
the Skin from the Flefh again. Rowel both the flics, either with Tarn-
pins of Horfe-hair, or with round pieces of the upper Leather of an
old Shoce, v/ith an hole inthe.midft,. which is called a French Rowe],
for the Matter to ilTue forth at^- and let the Tampins be at leafl' tWo
handfuk long in the Skin, and the round Rowel at leaft three Inches
broad, and being' fo put as they may lie plain and flat within, the
Cut, then once a Day you fhall turn the Rowels into the Skin, and
thruH out the Matter ; but if the hole grow fo ftrait that the Matter
cannot eafily- come out,' with a fliarp Knife you fhall enlarge it,
then put a pair of Pafterns on his Fore-legs, and fo let him ftand
fifteen Days, at the end whereof walk him abroad, and try how he
goeth, and if he doth not go to your liking, then continue him in the.
fame manner other fifteen Days, and he will go found.
But our beft Farriers ufe, after they have rowelled the Horfe, as
is aforefaid, then to lay this Charge or Plailler all over his Withers^
Shoulders and Breaft: Take of Pitch and Rozen, of each a pound ;
of Tar, half a pint, boil all thefe togerheu in a pot, and when it W
fomewhat cooled, take a Stick with a woollen Cloth bound to the
end of it, and dip it into the Charge, and cover or daub all the
Shoulder therewith ■ that done, clap flocks of the colour of the Horfe.
(or as near as you can get it) upon the Charge, ' and every other day
make your Rovv^els clean, and put them in again, continuing to do thus
the fpace of fifteen days ; then take out the Rowels, and heal up the
Waunds with two Tents of Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs-greafe
moiten together, renewing the fame every day once, until the Wounds
be wholt^ but let the Charge lye flill until it fall away of itfelf • and
if you let the Horfe run at Grafs 'till he hath had a Frolior two, there
is no queflion but he will be a great deal the founder..
There be other Farriers which ufe to Rowel the Horfe, as is afore-
faid, yet crofs-wife, that is, one overthwart the other, then draw
all the Shoulder over with a hot Drawing-Iron in the comelieft wife
you can, making many fcratches dovvn his Shoulders, then anoint
both them and the Rowels once a Day with fwect Butter, and walk
the:
lib. 11. Of Clares ChyrurgkaL 187
the Horfe up and down Evening and Morning, that the Humours may
flow to the fore places^, and ilTue forth^ and with your hands once a
day, at the leaft, thruft out^ the Matter ^ this Cure is likewife to bs
continued the fpace of fifteen Days, and then the Horfe will be
whole ; yet for mine own Part, infomuch as the Cure is foal, I do
not much afFe(5fc it.
CHAP. LV. Of the Wrench in ths Shoulder.
TH E Wrench or Strain in the Shoulder, cometh of fome dange»
rous flipping or Aiding, either in the Stable or abroad, or of too
fudden flopping, when a Horfe gallops, or by falls either on the Planks
or on flippery Ground, or by too fudden turning on unfure Ground,
or by going too rafhly out of fome Door, or by the ftroke of another
Horfe i you fliall perceive ic by his trailing his Leg upon the Ground
clofe after him.
The Cure is. To let him Blood upon the Plat-vein, and take away
the quantity of three pints of Blood, which Blood you muft fave in a
Pot, and put thereunto, firft of ftrong Vinegar a quart, and half a
dozen broken Eggs, Shells and all, and fo much Wheat-flower, as
will thicken all the Liquor j that done, put thereunto of Bole-Arrao-
niack beaten into fine Powder a pound, of Sanguis Draconis two oun-
ces, and mingle them together fo as the Flower may not be perceived,
and if it be too ftiff, you may add a little more Vinegar; then wich
your hand daub all the Shoulder from the Mane downward, and be-
twixt the fore-bowels, all againit the hair, and let not the Horfe de-
part out of that place until the Charge be furely faftened unto the ":>kin,*
that done, carry him into the Stable, and tie him up to the Rack,
and fuffer him not to lie down all the Day ; and give him a little Meat,
dieting him very moderately the fpace of fifteen Days, during which
time he may not ftir out of his Place, but only to lie down ; and every
day once refrefli the Shoulder Point with this Charge, laying ftill new
upon the old, and at the fifteen days end, lead him abroad to fee how
he goeth, and if he be fomewhat amended, then let him reft without
travelling, the fpace of one Month, and that will bring his Shoulder to
Perfection : But if he mend nothing at all, for all this that is done,
then you fhall Rowel him, as is before fliewed in the former Chapter,
juft vipon the Shoulder-Point, and fo keep him rowelied the fpace
of fifteen Days, not forgetting to ftir the Rowel, and cleanfe the
Wound each other Day, and then walk him up and down fair and
foftly, and turn him always on the contrary fide to the Sore : And
when he goeth upright, pull out the Rowel, and heal up the Wound
with Turpentine and Hogs-Greafe molten together, as is before
faid.
B b 2 But
1 88 Of Cures ChymrgicaL Lib. II,
But if all this will not ferve, then it fhall be very requiiite and
needful to draw him Checquer-wife with a hot Iron, over all the
Shoulder-Point ; and alfo to make him to draw a Plow every Day-
two or three Hours at the leaft, to fettle his Joints^ for the fpace of
three Week's or a Month ; and if any thing will helpj thefe two laft
Remedies will fet him found.
Now there be other Farriers which for this Grief, firft let the
Horfe Blood in the Breaft-Veinj and then Rowel him from the ne-
ther part of the Spade-Bone down to the point of the Shoulder^ which
done^ you dial! fet a Parten-Shooe upon the found Foot^ and fo
turn the Horfe to Grafs for the fpace of a Month, not forgetting
every other Day^ to ftir and remove the Rowels^, and fo thruft c ut the
Matter. Then as foon as you fee him go founds you fliall take ofF
his l^atten Shooej and pull out the Rowels_, and then let him run ftill
at Grafs^ till he hath taken a Froft or two_, and no doubt but he
will continue found.
CHAP. LXVI. Of the Wrench in the Nether Joint
THIS Wrench cometh by treading his Foot in fome hole, or in
fome rough or ftoney way ; the Signs whereof are chiefly thefe^
the Horfe will halt, and the top of his Back upon the Points of his
Shoulder will be iwoln, and fomewhat hard to handle.
§3= The Cure is^ Take of Black Soap half a Pounds and having
made it hot in a Pan^ take a handful or two of Tow, and dip it into
the Soapj then lay it very hot over all the Horfc*s Withers^ then clap-
s' Plaifter of Wax, Turpentine^ and Hogs-Greafe molten together
over it^ then cover it with two or three warm Clotiis^ and keep the
Joints as warm as may be: thus let him ftand twenty four Hours e'er
you drefs him again, and continue this manner of dreffing for fifteen
Days, and the Horfe will go- fdundly: ■
Now there be other ancient Farriers^ that inftead- of this Black
Soap will take Wine-Lees, and Wheat-Fiower mingled together, and;
making a Plaifter thereof, lay it very hot to the gi'ieved place, and fo-
reaewic once a day until the Horfe go found-»
CHAP. LXVII.. Of filiating the ShouUer, or of Shoulder torn.
* IpH E fplating of the Shoulder, is, when by fome dangerous flip or
l Hide, either upon the Sid^ of fome Bank, or upon the Plaun-
chers, the Horfe hath his Shoulder parted from his Breafl, and fo
leaves an open clift, not in thre Skin, but in the Flefh and Film next
the Skin, whereby the Horfe halteth, and is not able to gOj it is
fo be Cc&n. by the trailing of his Leg after him in going.
; . The
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgicak i S 9
The Cure whereof is thus^ Firft put a pah* of ftrait Pafterns on his
fore Feetj keeping him ftill in the Stable without difquicting of him ;
then take of Dialthea one pound, of Snllet-Oil one phit, of Oil de
Bay half a -pound, of frefh Butter hiilf a pound i melt all thefe
Things together in an Earthen Pot, and anoint the grieved place
therewith, and alfo round about the infide of the Shoulder ; and with-
in two or three days after, both that place and all the Shoulder will
fwell, then either pi-ick him with a launcec or Fleam, in all the
Iwelling Places, or elfe with a fliar^) hot Iron, and then anoint itflill
with the Ointment beforefaid • but if you fee it will not go away,
but fwell ftili, and gather to a head, then launce it where the Swel-
ling doth gather moft, and is fofrelt under the Finger ; and then tent
it with Flax dipt in Turpentine, and Hogs-greafe molten together,
as is before fliewed^ renewing that Tent twice a Day till the Sorance
be whole.
C 11 A P. LX\TH. Of the ShouUer-Vight.
TH E Shoulder-Pight is, when a Horfe by reafon of fome great
fall, rufh or Itrain, hath the point of his Shoulder thrult cut of
joint, which is et^fie to be feen, in that the point of the fore Shoulder
will ftick out much farther than the other, and the Horfe will halt
downright. The Cure whereof, as the old Farriers hold it, is, Firft
to make him fwim in a deep Water, up and down a dozen turns, for
that will make the Joint return into i's true Place; then make two
tough Pins of Alhen-wood, as big as your little Finger, being fliarp
at the points, each one five Inches long ; that done, 'flit the ^kin an
Inch above the point, and an Inch beneath the point of the Shoulder,
and thruft in one of thefe Pins from above downward, fo as both the
ends may equally ftick with the Skin ; and if the Pin of Wood will nor
eafily pais throufh, you may make its way fnft with an Iron Pin; that
done, make other two holes crofs to the fird holes, fo as the other Pin
may crofs the firft Pin aright in the midft, with a right Crofs; and
the firft Pin Ihould be fomewhat flat in the midft, to the intent that
the other being round, may pafs the better without ftop, and clofe
the jufter together ; then take a piece of a little line fomewhat bigger
than a Whipcord, and at one end make a loop, which being put over
«ne of the Pins end, wind the reft of the line good and ftrait abont
the Pins ends, fo as it may lie betwixt the Pins ends and the Skin, and
faften the hft qiA with a Pack-needle and a Pack-thred unto the reft of
the Cord, fo as it may not flip ; and to do well, both the Pin« and the
Cord ftiould be firft anointed with a little Hogs-greafe ; then bring him.
into the Stable, and let him reft the fpace of nine days; and lethem lie
down as little as may be, and put a Paftern on the fore Leg, fo as it
1^0 Of Cures Chyrurgtcal, Lib II.
may be bound with a Cord unto the foot of the Manger^ to keep
that Leg always while he ftandethin the Stable, mort forward than the
ctherj and at the nine days end take out the Pins, and anoinr the fore
place with a little Dialthea. ^r with Hog's-greafe, and then turn him
to Grafs. Other of our late Farriers ufe, Firft to lay good ftore of
flraw under the Horfe, and then put a pair of ftrong Pafterns on his
fore Legs, and another on his hinder ; then having thrown him upon
his Back, to hang him up by the Legs from the Ground, with two
Ropes drawn over fome Beam or Baulk, which will put the Bone into
its true place again : Then having let him down again fair and (bftly,
loofe the fore Paftern of the found Leg, and with a Cord, before you
let him rife, tie the fame Leg to die foot of the Manger, fofhort, as
in his rifing he fliall be forced to hold his Leg before him, for fear of
putting his Shoulder out of Joint, and let him ftand fo tied for the
ipace of three Days; and prefently when he is up, burn all the point
of the Shoulder with a hot Iron, drawing in Checquerwiie, a full Foot
fquare at the leaft, and let every ftroke be no more than an Inch di-
iiant one from another; and having burned him well, charge all thefe
1:)urned places, and all the reft of his ^houlder with Pitch, Rozen, and
Tar molten together, and laid on fomething hot with a Cloth tied to
a flick's end ; then clap Flocks of the colour of the Hcrfe upon it,
then Charge him again over the Flocks, and at threed??^ s end loofe his
Foot and put a pair of Pafterns upon his Feet, and let him neither lie
down nor ftir out of the Stable for the fpace of fifteen or twenty
days ; then you may lead him abroad, and fee whether he goes well
or no, and if he be not perfect, you may then give him as much more
leftj and that will recover him*
CHAP, I.XIX- A General and certain Cure for any defperate and
curable Strain in the Shouldt^r, or any other hidden Tarts.
TA K E a large earthen Veffel, and fill it full of the Herb of Arf-
mart and Brook-lime, equally mixt together, then put to them
.as much of the oldeft and ftrongeft Urine that can be got, as will
cover the Herbs all over, then cover the Pot clofe, and keep it in
fome fafe cool place.
Now when you have occafion to ufe it, take an Earthen Pipkin,
and put thereinto both of the Urine and the Herbs, fo much as fliall hg
convenientfor the Grief, and boil it well, then if it be for a Shoulder-
ftryin, you fliall take an old Boot, and cut oflT the Foot, that you may
drawic over the Horfe's Foot, and above his Knee almoft to the Elbow
of his Shoulder, keeping the nether part of the Boot as clofe about his
Legs as may be, but the upper part wide and fpacious; into this Boot
thruft all your Mixture as hot as the Horfe canfuffer it, and lay it fall
and.
liib. 11. Of Cures Ghyrurgiccd, 19
and cloTe about the Shoulder, efpecial'y before and behind, then draw-
ing up^che upper pare of theBootj lb fa Ren it to the Mane ef theHorfe
that k'may-ftot flip dovv'n,, and thus do once a Day till the Grief de-
part j for this Mbdfcine is fo violent^ that if there be any foul Matter
that nluft come forch_, tr will bring it tc an head, ripen^ break and
heal it, if there be no fuch things then in a fliort time it will draw
away the offeoding Humours and give prefent eafe.
CHAP. LXX. Of the pwdling of the Fore Legs after great Labour,
HOrfes not much ufed to travel^ will after great Labour fwell upon
their Fore Legs, becaul'e heat and violent* Excefs will caufe Hu-
mours to reforc down into the Legs_, efpecially if fuch HoricsfliaLI be
inwardly fat ; for the'indifcreet Labour will melt that inward Greafe
and make it 'defccnd down into the Legs.
The Cure according to the Practice of fome Farriers, is. To take a
pound of Nerve Oil, a pound of Black Soap^ and half a pound of
Boars-greafe rnolren, and boil them all well together^ and then ftrain
it and let it cool ; then anoint your Horfc's Legs therewith, being made
lukewarm again i and then keep his Legs clean from Duft. Other
Farriers ufe to bathe his Legs in Butter and Bcer^ or in Vinegar and
Butter, fome with Shecps-foot Oil, fome with Neats-foot Oil, fome
with Train Oil, and fome \v\i\\ Pifs and Salt- Peter boiJed together,
of all which, Pifs and Salt-Peter is the beft ; and after any fuch bathing
you muft roll up the Horfe's Legs with Hay-ropes wet in cold Water,
even from the Paftern to the Knee, but in any wife not too ftrait, for
fear of doing hurt, fo let him ftand continually when he refteth.
^ Now other Farriers fomewhat more curious, ufe for the fwelling
of the Legs this Bath-. Take of Mallows three handfals, a Role- cake,
of Sage one handful, boil them together in a fufficient quantity of
Water, and when the Ivfallows be foft, put in half a pound of Butter,
and half a pint of Sallet-Oil, and then being fomewhat warm, wafh
the. Swelling therewith every day once, the fpace of three or four
D^ys ; and if the Swelling will not go away with this, then take Wine-
Lees and Cumin, and boil them together, and put thereunto a little
Wheat-liower, and charge all the Swelling therewith, and walk him
often 3 and if all will not ferve, then take up the great Vein above the
Knee on the inlide, fufferiog him not to bleed from above, but all frpnv
beneath, and it will take away the fwelling,
CHAP. LXXL 0/ a Horfe that is Foundred in his Feet,
AHorfe is faid to be foundred of his Feet, when he hath fuch a
Numbnefs, and pricking or ringing within his Hoofs, that he
hath neither Senfe nor Feeling of his Feet, but is in all refpeds like
a Man,
IQ2 Of Cures Chyrurgical, Lib. 11.
a Man, that by hard or crooked fitting hath both his Feet afleep (a^
we call it) during which Paflion we know we can neither well go nor
{land ; and even lb it fareth with a Horfe in this Cafe; for the
CourCe of the Blood being Hopped, thofe Obftrudions caufe this Tor-
niCDt. Jt cometh molt commonly when a Horfe is very fat, and hath
his Greafe molten within him, and then fuddenly cooled by taking
his Saddle off too foon, or by ftanding up in the cold unftirred, or
elfc by letting him ftand in fome fhallow Water tittle higher than
his Fetlock.
A Horfe alfo may be foundred by wearing {trait and uneafic
Shoces, efpecially in the Summer Seafon, when a Horfe travelleth
upon the hard Ground.
The Signs to know it, are. The Horfe goeth crouching, and drawing
all his four Feet within the compafs almoft of a Peck, and will ftand
fo fearfully as though he ftood upon Needles,
Now you fliall underftand, that a Horfe will fometimes be only
Foundred of his fore Feet, and not of his hinder, which you fhall
know in that the Horfe will tread only upon his hinder Feet, and not
on his fore Feet, and go as though his Buttocks would touch the
Oroundj and fometimes he will be foundred upon his hinder Feet,
and not upon his fore Feet, and that you fhall perceive by this Fear-
fulnefs to let his Feet to the Ground, being alfo fo weak behind, that
he will ftand quivering and quaking, and covet always co lie down;
and fometimes he will be Foundred of all his four Feet, the Signs
whereof were firft declared.
Nowforafmuch as the Cures are all of one and the felf- fame Nature,
and what cureth the firft cureth alfo the reft ^ I will join them all to-
gether with this Advice, that if you find the Horfe to be Foundred
on the fore Feet only, then to apply your Medicine to the fore Parts
only ; if on the hinder Feet, then to the hinder Parrs ^ but if of all
four Feet, then to apply your Medicine to all the feveral Parts of
the Body, as fhall be prefently declared.
To come then to the Cures, (according to the Opinion of a wor-=
thy Knight well experienced in this Difcafe) If your Horfe be Foun-
dred of all his fore Feet, you fhall caufe him to be let Blood on his
two Breaft Veins of his two fore Legs, fomewhat above his Knees ;
alfo you fliall let hira Blood on his two Spur- Veins, and on the Veins of
his two hinder Feet a little above the Hoof, between the Hoof and the
Pattern : you ftiall let thefe Veins bleed well, to the quantity of a
Quart or three Pints, which Blood you muft fave in fome Velfel, and
ftir it with a Stick to keep it from clearing • and when it hath bled as
abovefaid, put it all into one VelTel, then flop the Wounds with fome
Horfe-dung, or fome Earth, and make a Charge with the Blood iu
this
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chymrgiccd. i^^
this fort : Take as much Wheat-meal, Bran and all, as will make the
Blood fomewhat thick, and put it into the Blood, take eight or ten
Eggs, and break them alfo into the Blood, Shells and all ; take
a pint of ftrong Vinegar, and a quantity of Bolc-Armoniack brayed,
and put them into the Blood alfo ; which done, you ftall ttirthem all
together ; then fhall you with your Hand lay the Charge all along
upon the Reins of the Horfe's Back, upon his Buttocks and down his
Shoulders; when you have laid om this Charge thus, you ftiall take
two long Linen rags dipped in the fame Charge, with which fo dip-
ped, you Ihall garter the Horfe above the Knees of his fore Legs fome-
what hard ^ and likewife with two other like Rags, fo dipped, you
fhall garter him hard above both his hinder Hoofs alfo i that done, caufe
him to be walked upon the hardeft Ground you can find, for the fpace
of two or three hours ; if he be loath to go, as commonly he will be,
let one follow him and beat him with a Stick or Wand to force him to
go, then after his walking let him be fet up and tied to the Rack, that
he lie not down, and there let him reft two or three hours ; which
done, let him be walked again two or three hours more aforefaid,
then fet him up^ and let him feed, and when you give him L rink,
which you may do within two or three hours after his feeding, let it
be a warm Mafti of Malt and Water, then let him feed a little after it,
then ride him a little ; and if you let him ftand an hour or two in a
Pool or ftanding Water up to the Belly, and one upon his Back, it is
good alfo, and after that ride him again a little ; then let him be fet
up well dreffed and covered, fo by little and little ride him a day or
two, and then you may boldly journey him ; for it is Riding, that
brings the Horfe to the Perfednefs of his Feet, and you (hall find your
Horle as found as ever he was.
Now during this Cure, you are to take thefe Obfervations into
your Memory.
Firfiy You fhall not need to remove or ftir the Horfe*s Shoocs;
theri you muft after twenty four hoars, rub off the Charge from the
Horfe's Back.
//<w. You fliall take away his Garters after twelve hours, and rub
his Knees and Houghs with your hand, and with Wifps, to take
away the Numbnefs.
Item^ If you cannot get Wheat-meal, you may take Oaten-meal.
Item J If he will not bleed in the Veins before-named, then you may
take your Blood from the Neck- Vein.
Lafilyt If you take the Horfe in hand to Cure within twenty four
hours after he is Foundred, he will be found again within twenty four
hours afcer ^ Jo if he go longer, the Cure will be longer in doing.
C c Now
U/1
^^ of Curbs ChyrurgitaL Lib. II
Now the ancient Farriers of this Kingdom, and amongft the Ita-
lians, differ not much in their Pradice from this already rehearfed,-
only into the Charge they add of Sanguis Di.aconis half a quartern^
and as much Be'ain/flpwer as Wheat-flower, and of ^Turpentine half a:
pound ; then if they did fee that within four Days the Horfe did not
recover, then they did know that the hurtful Huniours did only lie in
the Horfe's Feet, and there you fhall fearch his Feet with your But-
terils, paring all, the. Soles of his Feet fo 'thin, that you mky fee the
Water ilTus through the fole; that done-, l^t him Blood at'thfe Toes,
and let him bleed well ; then ftc p the Vein with Turpentine and Hogs-
greafe molten togeiher, and bid upon a little Flax, and then tack on
his Shooes, and craai the place vwhere 30U did let him Blood, hard
with Tow, to the intent it may be furely flopt ; then fill all the foles
of his i- Get with Hogs greafe" and Bran boiled or fiied together, fohoc
as is poffiblc, and upon that flopping, clap a piece of Leather, and
two crcfs Splints, to keep, in the flopping; and immediately after this,
cake two Eggs, and beat them in a Difh, and put thereunto as much
Bole-Armoniack and Bean- flower as will thicken the fame, and mix
them welt together, and make thereof two Plaifters, fuch as may
clofc each Foot round about fornewhat above the Cronet, and bind it
fall with a Lift era Rowler,: ihat it may not fall away nor be remo-
ved for the fpscc of two Days, but let the Soles of his Feet be clean-
fed and nev; flopped eveiy Day once, and the Cronets to be rerno-
ved every two day^ until the Hoife be found.; during which Time, let
him reft unwalKed,, for fear of iocfening his lioofs j but if you fee he
begins to amend, youn.ay walk him fair and; fofcly once a Day upon
fome fcft Ground .0 exercife'his Legs and Feet and let him not eat
much, ror drink coid Water; but if his Foundring break out above
the Hoof, which ycu fhall perceive by the Lcofenefs of the Coffin above
rhe Cronerj then when; }oupare the Sole you muft take all the fore
part of the Sole clean away, leaving the Heels whole, to the iritenc
the Humcurs n-iay have the freer PalTage downward, and then f^op
him, and drefs him about the Cronet, as is before faid. Now if the
Horfe during this Cure chance to fall fick, or grow fo dry in his Body
that he Ci^nnot dung, then you (hall firft rake him, and after give him
a Glifter cf Mallovvs, three handfuls boiled in Water from a Pottle to
aQuart; then after it is ftrain'd, put to it half a pound of Butter, and
a quarter of a pint of Sailet-Oil, and To adminifter it ; then when the
Horfe harh empded his Bellyj give him this comfortable Drink: Take
of MalnTey a quart, and put thereinto a little Cinnamon, Mace and
Pepper beaten ino nne powder, and of Oil a quarter of a pint, and
give the Horfe to drink of that lukewarm ; that done, let him be
..walked up and down a good while together, if he be able to go, if
f not.
Lib. II. Oj Cures Chyrw/gtcal. 195
nocj then tie him up to the Rack, and let him be hanged with Canvas
4nd Ropes, fo as he may ftand upon the Ground wich his Fecr^ for the
lefs he lieth down the better ; but thefe Extremities do feldom hap-
pen. Now there be other Farriers, which, for the Foundring of 3
Horfe, only take Verdigreafe, Turpentine, Sallet-Oil -and ilogs«
greafe, of each a like quantity, of Wax one Ounce ^ boil all toge-
ther, and fo dip Fiax or Tow in it: Then having pared his Feet chin,
and let him Blood on the Toes, ftop alibis Feet with that Ointnient
very hot^ or elfe they take the Roots of Nettles, and Hemlock with
Eldern Peels, of eacn a handful, and boil them tender in Boars-greafe,
or Hogs-greafe, fo let him blood in the midft of the Foot on the Toe-
Vein, then bathe and chafe his Joint and Leg therewich all about
from his Knee un^o the Fetlock, and then clap it to, and bind a
Cloth fall to it, as hot as you can. So ufe this once a Day till it
be well.
X^ Now for mine own part, although there is not any of thefe
former recited Pradices, but are found perfedly good in their kinds
yet 1 have not found any fo abfolute either from oid or new Founders
as, this vwhich I (hall rehearfe : Firft, you fhall with a very ftiarp
^.JDra wing- knife, dra,w every part of the Soles of the Horfe's Feet fo
*th^n as poilible, even till you fee the very Water and Blood iffuing
forth, and being fure to draw or pare every part alike, ^^-hich can
hardly be done with a Butterifs ^ then at the very Iharp end of the
jThrufli of the Horfe*s Foot you fhall fee the Vein lie, then wi:h your
}vnife*s. end lift up the Hoof, and let the Vein bleed, (which as loiig
as you hold open the Hoof, will fpin a great way forth) A-hen it hath
bled better than a Pint, you fhall clofe the Hoof, and fo ftop the
Vein; Then tack on his Foot a hollow Shooe made for thatpurpofe •
that done, clap a little Tow dipt in Hogs-greafe and Turpentine upon
the Vein very hard ; then take t^'o or three hard Eggs roafte.d, and
coming burning hot out of the Fire, and burft them in the fole of
the Horfe*s Foot ; then pour upon them Hogs-greafe, Turpentine
and Tar boiling hot and as much Flax dipt therein as wiii fid up
the hollo-v Shoe, then lay on a piece of Leather to keep all :hj rcit
in,, and fplent it fure ; and in this manner drefs his four Feet, if all
be Foundred, otherwife no more than are Foundred ^ and thua you
fhall drefs the Horfe three Times in one Fortnight, and without any
further Trouble, you fhall be fure to have the Horfe as found as ever
he was.
Now if the Horfe be Foundred through the ftraitning of a Shoe
which in truth is not a Founder, but a frettizing, 'vhich is a De-
gree lefs than Foundring; then you fhall for thatSorance, iirft rake
off his Shooe, and let him Blood on the Toes, then flopping the pbr?
C c 2 wuSt
196 Of Cures ChpttrgicaL Lib. ll
with bruifed Sage, tack on his Shooe again, and ftop it with Hogs-
Grcafe and Bran boiled together, as hot as is poffible ; and do this
twice in one fortnight, and it wiU help him.
CHAP. LXXII. Of the Splent as well en tbt hfidt of the Knee,
as of any other fart of the Leg.
A Splent is to the outward feeling a very Griftle, or rather a hard
Bone, fometimes as big as a Hazle-Nut, fomecimes as big4K a
Walnut, according to the Age thereof, growing up>on the infide of
the fore Leg, between the Knee and the upper Paftern joint, and fome-
times Juft underneath, and clofe unto the Knee, which is of all other
the moft dangerous Splent, and doth the foonefl make a HorfeLame:
It cometh by Travelling a Horfe too young, or by overprefling him
with heavy Burthens, whereby the tender Sinews of his Legs are of-
fended. ^ Now for the Knowledge thereof, it is eafrc, becaufe it
is apparent unto the Eye, and moft palpable to be felt. The Cure
according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is. To take an
Onion, and picking out the Gore, put into it half a fpoonful of Ho-
ney, and a quarter of a fpoonful of unflackM Lime, and four penny
Weight of Verdigreafe ; then clofing up the Onion, roaft it in hot
Embers- until it be foft ; then bruife it in a Mortar, and as hot as
the Horfe can fuffer it, lay it to the Splent, and it will take it away ;
But in any Cafe cut no Skin. Other of the ancient Farriers ufe firft
to wafh the Splent with warm Water, and then fhaveoff the Hair,
and lightly to fcarifie or prick the Skin with the Point of a Razor,
fo as the Blood may ifllie forth: Then take of Cantharides half a
Spoonful, and of Euforbium as much, beaten into fine Powder, and
mingle them together with a Spoonful of Oil de Bay, and then mcle
them in a little Pan, ftirring them well together, fo as they may not
boil over, and being fo boiling hot, take two or three Feathers and
anoint all the fore places therewith ; that done, let not the Horfe
ftir from the place where you fo drefs him for an hour after, to the
intent he fhake not off the Ointment ; then carry him fair and
foftly into the Stable, and tie him fo as he may not reach with
his Head beneath the Manger i forotherwife he will covet to bite
away the Smarting and Pricking Medicine, which if it fhould touch
his Lips, would quickly fetch off the Skin ; and alfo let him ftand
without fitter all that Day and Night; the next Day anoint the
fore place with frefii Butter, continuing fo to do every Day once, for
^he fpace of nine Days, for this will allay the heat of the M«dicine»
and caufe both that ;tnd the Cruft of the Splent to fall away of it felf.
^ There
Lib. Ih Of Cttres ChyrurgkaL I97
There be other Farriers which ufe with a fine hot Drawing-Iron to
burn che Sorance down in the midft, the full length of the Splent,
Hjrwr 3"^ f^^^" overchwarc like this Figure ; then four
"Hl^ hours after fuch burning, take Cows dung new
made, and Sallet-Oil mixt and well beaten together,
and therewith anoint all the Sore Places , and this muft be done when
the Splent is rcry young.
Others ufe to flit the Sorance with a Knife, the whole length of
the Splenr, and then with a Cornet to open the flit, and lay the Sp ent
bare, then to make about the Wound a Coffin of Clay all open to the
top; then take Boars-greafc made fc^Iding hot, and pour it into the
Wound until the Clay Coffin be full, then let it reft until the Greafe
be cold ; after that, let the Horfe rife, and this with once drefling
will take the Splent clean away without any Blcmifli or Eye-for«,
Others ufe to beat the Splent with a Stick, and to bruife it well, then
prick it with an Awl, and thruft out the Blood, then lay on a piece
of white Leather, and with a hot Iron make the Greafe fcald it,
or elfe melt into it Pitch and Verdigreafe, and then lay a Plaifter of
Pitch over it, not removing it until it fall oflf by it felf ; or elfe after
you have beaten and prickc the Splent, take out the Core of an Onion
and fill it with Bay-Salt, then roaftirfoft, and lay it hot to the Splent,
and inftead of the Onion, you may if you will, bind too a hard roaft-
ed Egg, being fire hot. Other Farriers ufe to flit the Skin the length
of the Splent, then to dip a little piece of Linnen in warm Wine,
and fprinkle Verdigreafe thereon, and fo lay it to the Slit, renewing it
once a Day until the Splent be gone. Others ufe to fhave off the hair
and to rub the Splent twice a Day with Tar very hard, until the Splent
be gone ; but the Splent muft be very young and tender ; for fafting
Spittle is as good as Tar. Other Farriers ufe to rake a Black 5nail and
flit her, and put in Bay- Salt, and lay it to the Splent being opened,
renewing it once a Day until the Splent begone: Then let the Vein
above the Knee be taken up. and let it bleed from below, left it feed
the Splent again. Others ufe, if the Splent be upon the Knee, to
burn it, as is before faid; then take Wormwood, Smallage, Pelli-
tory of che Wall, Brank TJrfine ftampt with S wines- greafe, and lay
it to the Burnings, provided that firft the hair be ftiaved off, and if
the Splent be below the Knee, this Cure is good alfo, and much
the fafer.
Now after all thefe former recited Pradices, you fhall underftand,
that the cleanlieft way to take away a Splent, is, Firft, after you have,
caft yourHorfe with a Hazel- ftick of a pretty Poileand Bignefs, gently
to beat the Splent at the firft, then by degrees a little harder and
hajfder, till the Splent grow fofc iq every part, then with the Point of
youc
;
198 Of Cures Cbymrgtcal, Lib 11.
your Launcet let out all the Blood and Water ; then take a Brick-bat^
and having laid it on the Fire., when it is exceeding hot, fold it in
a R^ed Cloth, and therewith rub the Splent, and fmooth it upon the top
till you have dried away the Blood, and that no more Moifture cometh
out ; then take of Pitch, of Rozin, and Maftich, of each a like
quantity, melt them well together, and being very hot lay it over and
all about the Splent ; then clap Flocks of the Colour of the Horfe's Leg
upon it, and fo let it reft upon the Splent until ic fall away of it fclf ;
and if when it is fallen away, you perceive that any part of the Splent
remain behind, which hardly will be, if it be orderly beaten i then
you fhall drefs that remained as you did the other before, and the
Splent will be perfedly cured. Now for the fureft and moft certain
way to take off a Splent, it is thus: With the Point of a fharp Knife,
make a flit of more than a Barley-corn length, juft upon the top in the
midft of the Splent, and let it be fo deep that you may be fure that the
Bone of the Splent is bare, then put into that flit with the Point of
your Knife, as much Mercury Sublimate as the quarter of a Hazel-
Nut-kernelj and witliin three or four Days, it will fo have eaten the
Splent, that ic will fall out of it felf ^ then you fhall heal up the Sore
cither with frefh Butter molten, or with a Plaifter of HogVgreafe,
and Turpentine mingled and melted together; only in this Cure you
muft beware, that you tie the Horfe fo_, as for Four and Twenty
Hours he may not touch the fore Place wi;h his Mouth. Now in
conclufion, I am to give you this fmall Prect pt to bear ever in your
Mind that is bochfor the healing of this, and for all other Humours
whatfoever ^ you muft firft ftay the falling down of the new Humours
to the place troubled, as by binding Plaifters, as Pitch, Rozin, Ma-
ftick. Red Lead, Oil, Bole-Armoniack, and fuch like ^ then to draw
out Matter which is there gathered with drawing Simples, as Wax,
Turpentine, and fuch like ; and laftly, to dry up the Relicks with
drying Powders, as Honey and lime, Oyfter-fhells, root, and fuch
like i and alfo you muft know, that 3II Splents, Spavens, or Knobs,
muft either be taken away at the Beginning, or after the Full of
che Moon.
CHAP. LXXni. An approved and certain way to take a'ivay
any Solent without breaking any Hifir,
A K E the Root of Eleciimpane well wafhed and cleanfed, and
lap it in a brown Paper, wet it and roaft it in the hot Embers,
as you would roaft a Wat den ; then as hot as the Horfe can fuifer it,
(for I would not have you fcald) after you have rubbed and chafd
the Excrefcion, clap this unto it, and bind it faft on, and in two or
three Dreilings it will confume away the Splent,
\ Alfo,
^^'X
Lib. II, Of Cures Chynirgiccd, 199
Alfo, if Morning and Evening-ycu rub the Splent with the Oil of
Origanuin, ir wiH take it- away,
C H A'P. LXXIV. Of ths Screw, cr thorough Splent.
ALthough div^ers of onr Farrieis do diftinguifh and make a Diffe-
rence betwixt a Screw and a Splent, faying^ that the Screw is
ever of the outfide of tlie Leg, as the Splent is of the infide ; yet it is
moft certain that the Difeafvj and Intirmiiy is all one, and may as well
be called a Splent on the ourllde of the Leg, as a Splent on the inlide
of the Leg, and this ^plent on the outfide is ever kaft dangerous.
Now a Horfe many times will have both thefe Splents at one Time,
and upon one Leg ; nay, i have fcen them fu juft oppofite one to ano-
ther, that one would have thought they had gone through the Morft's
Leg; whence it hnrh come to pafs, that many foolifli i-arriers being
of that mind, have inrirledthcjii a thorough Splent, and I havefeen my
felf fome well repurccl Fanicrs, thac having the Cure brought unto
them, have refufed theiV'irie, (aying^ ic was a thorough Splent, and
therefore mofl: incurable^ but the Opinion is moft abfurd and ridicu-
lous; for the Shin bone being hollow, and full of ri:hand Marrow,
there can nothing grow through i[, but it muft confound the Marrow^
and then the Bone cannot hod, but muft prefentiy break in funder,
cfpecially when fuch a weak fpungy fubftance as a Splent, fhall pof-
fefs the whole ftrength of the Leg. Now for the Cure, as the Splent
and it are all one, ib they have all one Cure, and what helpeth the
firft, with more eafe helpeth the latter, inafmuch as ic is not full fo
dangerous, nor fo near 'the itiiin Sinews.
CHAP. LXXV. Of the MallanJer.
A Mallander is a kind of a dry Scab, growing in the form of Lines
Jl\, or Streaks overthwart the very tough or inward bent of the
Knee, and hath hard Hair with ftubborn Roots, like Swines Briftles,
which corrupteth and cankereth the Flefli, like the Roots of a Child's
fcabbed Head ;.and if the Sore be great and deep, it will make the
Horfe go ftiff at his firft fetting forth, and hah much. It doth pro-
ceed either from the Corruprion of Blood, or from negligent keeping
when the Horfe wanteth clean drefling ; for you (liali know thst foma
Horfes naturally are given to have long hair from the top to the bought
of the Knee d<'wn to tiie Fetlock, and that Hair in the bouglir of
the Knee is oft apt to Curlj whereby thofe Horfes, if they be''noc.
very carefully and clean keptj arc much fubjed to thisDifeafe. ^*;
Now for the Cure, according to the Opinion of the old Fari'iei^^
it i. thus : Take a barreled Herring out of the Pickle with a foft row, and
two fpoonfuls of Ulack Soap^ and fo snuch Allom ; beat all thefe in a^
Mortar
J
^Qo Of Cures Chymrgtcd. Lib, 11.
Mortar well together, and then lay it to the Sore, renewing it once
a Day for three Days, and it will kill the Mallander, provided always
that before you lay any Thing unto the Mallander, you ever pull off
the dry Scab firft, and leave no Hair growing within the Sore. Other
Farriers ufe to take a paring of a Cheefe, and toafting it very hot,
anoint it with Honey, and fo lay it hot to the Mallander, and renew-
ing it once a Day till the Mallander be whole ; or elfe beat Hens dung
and Gilliflowers well together, and lay it to the Sore till ic be whole.
Other Farriers ufe, after they have waflied the Sore clean with
warm Water, andfhaved off the Hair and the Scabs, To take a Spoon-
ful of Soap, and as much Lime ; mingle them together that it may be
like Pafte, then fpread as much on a Clout as wi/1 cover the Sore, and
bind it faft on with a Lift, rerxwing it every day once, the fpace of
two or thrcas days ; and at the three days end, take away the Plaifter,
and anoint the Sore with Oil of Rofes, made lukewarm, and that will
fetch away fcurf or crufty asker, bred by means of the burning Plai-
fter; which fcurf being taken away, wafh the fore place well every
Day once with his own Stale, or elfe with Man's Urine, and chen im-
mediately ftrow upon it the Powder of burnt Oyfter-fliell, continuing
fo to do every day once until it be whole.
Other of our later Farriers ufe to take a quart of Watar, half a
pint of Oil, and as much Flower as will thicken it with feething;
then lay that hot to the fore twice a Day, for four Days together • then
take Maftick, Frarikincsnfe beaten into fine Powder, Quickfilver,
killed either in the Juice of Lemons, or in ftrong Vinegar, of each
an ounce ; then of Liturgy half an ounce, of Cerus ten ounces ; and
as much of Swines-greafe clarified; incorporate and mingle all thefc
together with Vinegar and Oil, and lay it to the fore until the Mai-
landar be killed ; then heal it up as is before (hewed. Others ufe, af-
ter they have wafiied it arkd (haved it, to rub it with Pifs and Scap until
it be raw; thenlay to it Nerve-Oil, Honey, and ftrong Muftard, until
it be whole. c5thers ufe to take Sulphur, Vitriol, Sal-nitre, Sal-
gem, mixed with Oil de Bay, and to rub the Mallander well there-
with. Now to conclude, you (hall underftand, that fome Horfcs will
have two Mallanders upon one Leg, one above another, and fome-
times one a little above the inward bending of the Knee, and another
a little below the inward bending of the Knee, but the Cure is all alike ;
and as you drefs one, fo you may drefs two or three.
Now for mine own part, I have not found any Thing better for a
Mallander, than after the Sore is cleanfed, to take the Ordure or
Dung of a Man, and anoint the Sore therewith, and it will kill ic
and heal ic.
CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgtcal. 20 1
CHAP, LXXVI. Of an Up^er Attaint, or Over-reach upon the
Back Sinew ef the Fore- Leg , fomewhat above the Pafiern joint,
THIS which we call an Upper Attaint, is nothing elfe but a pain-
ful Swelling of the Mafter Sinew, or Back Sinew of the Shank-
Bone, by reafon that the Horfe doth fometimes over- reach and ftrike
that Sinew with the Toe of his hinder Foot, and thereby caufeth the
Horfe to halt much. Now the Signs are, both the Swelling and the
Halting ; and the Care, according to fome of the old Farrier's, is, to
drefs the fore place with a Plaifter made of Wine-Lees and Wheat-
flower, laid hot to ; or elfe to take of Black Soap and Boars-greafe,
of each a like quantity, fcalding hot; make a Plaifter of Sear-Cloth
thereof, and clap it all about the fore place ; or elfe if the fwelling by
no Salve will diffolve, take a fine thin hot Drawing Iron, and draw
bis Leg all downward with the Hair in many fmall ftrikes from the one
end of the fwelling to the other, and make the ftrikes very thick toge-
ther, and Ibmewhat deep ; then anoint his burning for two or three
Days with Black Soap, and fo turn the Horfe to Grafs ; but if he will
not run at Grafs, then every Day give him fome moderate Exe^cife.
But this burning I fancy not much, for it is foul, and altho* it take
away the Swelling, yet the feams of the burning, when they are
cured, will keep the Member big, as if it were ftill fwelled. Now
ether of the ancient Farriers ufe hrilto wafh the Leg with warm Wa-
ter, then to fiiave off the Hair as far as the fwelling goeth, then to
fcarifie the fore place with the point of a Razor, that the Blood may
iflue forth ; then take of Cantharides and Euforbium of each half an
ounce, mingle them together with half a quartern of Soap, and with
a nice fpread fome of this Ointment over all the Sore, fuffering him to
reft there where you drefs him for one half Hour after, and then you
may carry him into the Stable, and there let him ftand without Lit-
ter^ and fo tied as he may not touch the fore with his Mouth ; and
then the next Day ufe him in the fame manner again ^ then the third
Day anoint the Place w^ith frefli Butter, continuing fo to do the fpace
of nine Days, and at the nine Days end make him this Bathe : Take of
Mallows three handfuls, a Rofe Cake, of Sage an handful, boil them
together in a fufficient quantity of Beer; and when the Mallows be
foft, put in half a Pound of Butter, and half a pint of Sallet-Oil ;
and then being fomewhat warm, wafh the fore Places therewith every
Day once till it be whole. Others ufe to cleave a Chicken or a Pigeon,
and to clap it hot to the Swelling, and it will abate it^ or elfe fake
Diakhea, Agrippa, and Oil, and mixing it together, lay it to the
fwelling. Others ufe to take of Frankincenfe, of Rozen, of Tar, of
Eufofbium, of Turpentine, and Fenugreek, of each a quarter of an
D d ounce.
QOi Of Cures Chymvgical. Lib. IL
ounce^ of Suet one ouncBj of Oil an ounce^ of Wax three ounces,
and three quarters of an ounce of Myrrh ^ mix and melt them all to-
gether^ and Plaifter-wife lay it to the fore place till it be whole; or
elfe take for this Sorance, three quarters of an ounce of Sanguis Dra-
conis, an ounce of Bole-Armoniack, as much Oil, three ounces of
Maffick, and as much Suet, and as much Swjnes Greale, the Whites
of half a dozen of Eggs, melt and mix them together, and lay them
together, and lay it to the Swelling, and it will take it away, then
make the Shc-es of his hinder Fe^t fliorter thsii the Horn of his Toes
by a quarter of an Inch, and let the Horn hang overuncut away,
and make the fore^Shooe no longer than his Heel, but rather ftiorter.
CHAP. L XX VII. ^^« excellent appro'ved Mcdicitie for any
ShfivHrain whiitfoe^er.
TAKE of Vinegar a pint, the Whites of three or four Eggs, and
as much Bole-Armoniack, and Bean-Flower, as will bring it to
a thick Salve over the Fire ; then when it is very hot, lay it Pli^ifter-
wife upon the itrain, and roimd about the Leg, and do this not only
till the Grief be gone, but alio till the Swelling be taken away,
CHAP. LXXVIII. Of a Nether Attaint^ cr Over-reach en the
Tafiern Joints.
^'H E Nether Attaint, or Over-reach on the midft and in the
^ hollow of the Paftern-Jcinr, is a little Bladder full of Jelly, like
unto a Wind-Gall ^ and though it be not apparent to the Eye, yet ic is
eafie to be felt, and m.ay come as well by fome Wrench or Strain, as
by an Over-reach, and it will make a Horfe halt much : The Signs
are th& nether Joint towards the Fetlock will be very hot, and fome-
what fwelled, ^ind the little foft Bleb will eajily be felt.
The Cure, after the Opinion of the old Farriers, is, Take a fmall
Cord and Rowel him foniewhat flrait from the Knee to the nether
Joint,^ and then in the Paftern, between the Hoof and the Joint with
a Fleam ftrike him in the midft of his fwelling, and let out the Mat-
ter; then take the White of an Egg, and beat it with a little Salt,
and' then dipping Flax therein, lay it unto all the Swelling, and then
unrowel his Leg, and renew the Salve twice a Day until the Grief
be gone : But in any Cafe let him not be laboured or ridden whilft
he is in Curing.
CHAP. LXXIX. Of an Attaint or Over-reach on the HceL
A N Attaint, or Over-reach upon the heel, is, when a Horfe ftrik-
I\ eth the Toe of his hinder Shooe into the Heel, juft upon the fet-
fins on of the Hoof, and this Over reach, if it b^ not looked unto,
. "" will
1
Lib. II. Of CmTS ChyrurgzcaL aoj
will fret and rankle fo much inward, thacic will endanger the Horfe's
Hoof, and you ftiall commonly fee by the cut the Skin hang over the
Horfe's Heel, and it will make aHorfehalr. Now the Cure isn jpirft
to cut away the Skin, and alfo the Hoof, and the Flefli, till you have
made the Sore even and plain without any Hollownefs; then walliit
very well with Beer and Salt, then bind unto it a little Flax dipt in
the White of an Egg, mingled with a little Bole-Armoniack, renew-
ing it every Day once, the fpace of three or four Days, and that
will heal it,
CHAP. LXXX. Of the Mdlet on the Heel.
AMellet is a dry Scab that groweth upon the Heel, fometimes
through the Corruption of Blood, and fometimes for want of
clean rubbing and drcfling, when he is wet fct up: It appeareth like
a dry Chap without any Moifture, and it will be fometimes as well on
both Heels as on one. The Cure, according to the Pradlice of the
old Farriers, is. To take half a pint of Honey, and a quarter of
a pound of Black Soap, and mix them together ^ then put thereto four
or five Spoonfuls of Vinegar, and as much Allom unburnt as a Hen's
Egg, and two fpoonfuls of Rye flowery mix them all well together,
and then take it away, andwafhall his Leg and Foot with fait Beef
Broth, and then rope his Leg all the Day with wet Hay-ropes, and
he will be found ; provided always, that before you drefs him, you
ever take oiF the dry Scab or Scurf, and make the Sore as clean and
as plain as is poffible.
CHAP. LXXXL Of Falfe Quarters.
AFalfe Quarter is a rift or open back Seam, fometimes in the out-
fide, but raoft often in the infide of the Hoof, becaufe the in-
fide is ever the weaker part, which fides are ever called Quarters, whence
this Sorance taketh this Name, and is called a falfe Quarter, as much
as to fay, a lick and unfound Quarter ; for it is as if it were a piece
fet unto th^ Hoof, and the Hoof not all of one entire piece as it ought
to be. It Cometh many times by evil fhooing, and evil paring; and
fometimes by pricking the Horfe, and fuch like hurts. The Signs to
know it are, the Hoife will halt much, and the Rift will bleed; and
when the Shooe is off, the whole Sorance is apparent to be feen. The
Cure, according to the ancient Farriers is. To take off the Shooe, and
cut away fo much of the Shooe on that fide where the Sorance is, as
the Shooe being immediately put on again, all the whole Rift may be
uncovered ; then open the Rift with a Drawer, and fill all the Rift
with a Rowel of Tow dipt in Turpentine, Wax, and Sheeps-Suet
molten together, renewing it every Day once until it be whole ; and the
D d :t Rife
304. Of Cures Chyrurgical, Lib. IL
Rife being clofed in the top, draw him betwixt the Hair and Hoof wi^h
a hot Iron overthwart that place^ to the Intent that the Hoof may
fhoot all whole downward^ and when the Horfe goeth upright^ ride
him either with no other Shooe than this or elfe with fuch a Shooe as
may bear in every part but only upon the falfe Quarter until the Hoof
be hardned. Others ufe to anoint it once a Day with Sheep- Suet, and
Oil mixc together^ and that will clofe the Rifr.
Others ufe to cut away the old corrupt Hoof, and then take feven
Whites of Eggs the Powder of Incenfe, of unflackt LimCj ofMaftick,
of Verdigreafej and of Salt, of each three ounces • mix them well
together,* then dip in as much Hurds as will cover the fore Hoof, lay
it on, and then about it lay Sv%^ines Greafe an Inch thick ; and like-
wife below it alfo: Bind this on in fuch fort that it may remain urrftir-
red a Fortnight, then renew it fo again, and it will make perfed his
Hoof. But if there be any corrupt Matter gathered within the falfe
Quarter, and thereby caufeth the Horfe to halt, then you (hall lay
your Finger upon it, and if the Horfe flirink thereat, then it is ripe;
then open it with a Drawing-Knife, and let out the Matter, then
lay on Horfe- dung, Oil, Salt, and Vinegar mixt together, Plaifter-
wife, and that will heal it, and make the Hoof good ^ yet however,
vou muft have a care in ftiQoing him *cill his Hoofs be hardned, as is
before fhewed you.
CHAP. LXXXII. Of a Horfe that is H'lf fed, or hurt in the Hip ,
A Horfe is faid to be hipped, when either by ftrain, blow, or other
accident, the hip-bone is removed out of his right place. Ir is a
Sorance as hard to be cured as any whatfoever ; for if it be not taken
even at the firft inftant, there will grow within the Pot of the Huckle-
bone, fuch a thick hard fubftance, that it will leave no place for the
Bone, and then it is utterly incurable. The Signs to know the Sorance
are, the Horfe will halt much, and go fide-long, and will trail his
Legs a little after him ; the fore Hip alfo will be lower than the other,
nnd the Flcfh will fall away on the fide of his Buttock. The Cure is,
according to the beft Farriers, if you take him in good time, Firft to
caft him on his Back, and then having a ftrong Paftern on his grieved
Leg, with a Rope draw that Leg upright, and with your Hands on
each fide his Thigh-bone, guide it diredly into the Pot • that done, let
him down gently, and fo fuffer him to rife with all Meeknefs ; then
go with him into the Stable, and there Charge all his Hip and Back
with Pitch and Rozen molten together, and laid on warm, and then
fome Flocks of his own Colour to be claptupon the fame, and fo turn
the Bar fe to Grafs until he go upright.
t> Bu«
Lib. II. Of Cwes Chyrurgkcd, 205
§CF* Butif theHorfebenot hipped^ but only hurt in the Hip, and
that newly^ then firft take of Oil de Bay;, Dialthea, of Nerve Oil,
and of SwinesGreafe, of each half a Pound ; melt them all together,
itirring them continually until they be throughly mingled together,
then anoint the fore place therewith againft the Hair^ every Day once
the fpace of a Fortnight, and make the Ointment fmk well into the
Flefli, by holding a hot Bar of Iron over the place anointed, waving
your hand to and fro till the Ointment be entered into the Skin ; and
if at the Fortnights end you fee the Horfe not any thing amended,
then flit a hole downward in his Skin, an Inch beneath the Hip-bone,
making the hole fo wide, as you may eafily thruft in a Rowel with
your Finger ; and then with a Cornet and a Quill, blow the Skin
from the Flefli above the Bone, and round about the fame, fo broad
as the Rowel may lie flat and plain wichin the Skin and the Flefh i and
this Rowel will be made of foft Calves Leather, with a hole in the
midfl;, and a thred tied unto it, to pull it out when you would cleanfe
it, and the hole i and if the Rowel be rolled about with Flax fafl: tied
on, and anointed with the Ointment under-written, it will draw fo
much the more.
Now you muft thrufc in your Rowel firft double, and then fpread
it abroad with your Finger; that done. Tent it with a good large
Tent of Flax dipt in a little Turpentine and Hogs-greafe molren toge-
ther and made warm, and cleanfe the Hole and the Rowel every Day
once ; and alfo renew the Tent for the fpace of a Fortnight, and be-
fore you drefs him, caufe him every Day to be led up and down a foot
Pace a quarter of an Hour, to make the humours come down • and
at the Fortnights end pull out the Rowel, and heal up the Wound with
the fame '^alve, making the Tent every Day leffer and leflfer, untill it
be whole ,* and fo foon as it is whole, with a hot Drawing- Iron draw
crofs Lines of eight or nine Inches long, right over the Hip- hone, fo-
as the rowelled place may be in the very midft thereof, and burn him
no deeper but as the Skin may look yellow ; and then Charge all
that place, and over all his Buttocks with this Charge : Take of Pitch
one Pound, of Rozen half a Pound, and of Tar half a Pint, boil
them together, and then being good and warm, fpread it on with a-
Clout tied in a riven Stick, and then clap on a few Flocks of the
Horfe's Colour ; and if it be in Summer, let the Horfe run to Grafs a
while, for the more he travelleth at his own Will, the better it is for him,
CHAP. LXXXIIL 0/ Stifling, and Hurtf in the Stifle.
THat Horfe is faid to be Stifled, when the Stifling-bone, which is
a little bone of two Inches in length, lying between the nether
tni. of the Thigh-bone, and the upper end of the great Hough-bone
of-
2o6 Of Cures Cbyrurgkal, Lib. II.
of the hinder Leg, is by any Strain, Stroke, Slip, or fuch like, thruft
out of his right Place ; bur if the Stiiling-bone be not removed nor
loofened, and yet the Horfe halteth by means of fome grief in that
place, then we fay the Horfe is hurt in the Stifle^ and not Stifled.
The Signs are thefe; if the Horfe be ftifled^ the Stifie-Bone will ftick
out more of the one fide than of the other, and it is apparent to the
Eye, and in his halting he will no more but touch the ground with
his Toe.
The Cure, according to the Opinion of the old Farriers, is. To
thruft two round Pins crofs the stifling-bone, through the Skin, in
fuch fort as you were taught for the Shoulder Pight ; but the Pins
would not be any thing near fo big, nor fo long, becaufe the Stifling-
bone is not fo broad as the Shoulder ; and ftanding in the Stable, let
him have a Paftern and a Ring upon his fore Leg, and thereunto faft-
en a Cord, which Cord muft go about his Neck, and let it be fo much
itrained, as it may bring his fore Leg more forward than the other,
to keep the Bone from ftarting > ut: But this Cure is foul and trouble-
fome, wherefore other Farriers of better Experience, ufe only to fee
a Parten-Shooe upon his found Foot, and fo turn him abroad, that he
may be compelled to tread upon his Lame Foot, and that {training of
it, will in a Day or two m;^ke him as found as ever he was, and put the
Stifling-bone into its true Place again. ^> But if you cannot readily
'get a Parten-Shooe, then you fhall take either a plain Surcingle^ or
any other broad binding Web that will go three or four times about the
Horfe's Leg, and wirh it you fhall Garter up the Horfe's found Leg
three Fingers above the flam, even upon his main great Sinew, fo
ilrait as your felf and another Man can draw it, and then turn the
Horfe abroad where he may go up and down, and in eight and forty
hours the Horfe will be as found as ever he was ; then rake oiF the Car-
eer, and rub the place that was Gartered up, wirh Frefh Butter, for it
will be much fwelled. •
Now if this mifchance of Srifiing happen unto your Horfe in your
Travel, and that your Occafions will not fufFer you to flay for any of
thefe Cures, then you fliall take your Horfe either to fome deep Fond,
or deep River, that hath eafie going in and out, and there fwim him
up and down a dozen turns, which done, you may after travel him
at your Pleafure ; for the more he is laboured the founder he will go.
Now if your Horfe be not Stifled, but only hurt in the Stifle, either
with fome Stripe or fome Strain, then the Bone will not ftand out,
yet perhaps the place will be much fwelled. The Cure, according to
the Opinion of the old Farriers, is, To make a little flit in his Skin,
a handful below the fore place ; and then with a Quill blow all the
Skin from the Flefti upwards, and then with your hand prefs out the
Wind
Lib. il. Of Cures CJoymrgkaL 007
Wind again, and then thruftina Rowel of Horfe-hair, from the firft
flic to the upper pare of the Sciflc-bone ; this done^ take a Pottle of
old Pifs and boil it to a Quart, and cleanfe it well; then take a hand-
ful of Mallows, and half a Pint of Sallet-Oil, and add them to the
Pifs, and then boil them well together; then bathe all the fore place
therewith every Day once, the fp?ce of feven or eight Days^ and let
him not ftir out of the Stable during the Cure, and in twenty one
Days he will be found,
Oth "" " ' '
of red
of EnL, — J, . .....^.. , — J- ^
Flower, and one good handful of Bay-Salt; put all thefe in aPot, and
incorporate tliem well together, then keep them dole one Night, and
the next day anoint the fore place with fome of it, and thus dreffing
it once a Day the (pace of nine Days, it will make the Horfe found.
CHAP. LXXXlV. Of the Bone Spaven, or the dry Sfaven.
TH E bone Spaven, or dry Spaven, is a hard Knob as big as a
Walnut, growing in the infide of the Hoof hard under the Joint,
near unto the Mailer- vein ; it growcth at the fiift like a tender Griftle,
and by procefs of time, it cometh ro be a hard Bone, and caufeth the
Horfe to halt much. This Sorance will come fometlmes by Nature or
Defcenr, as when either the Sire or Dam of the Horfe have had the
fime Difeafe ; and fometimes (which is moil generally) ic cometh
when a Horfe is laboured too young : for a Horfe in that part ot hi?
hinder Leg hath fmall Bones knit ahogether upon one Chiller, whicii
being prefled before they be naturally hardened, cannot chufe buc
thruft forth thefe unnatural Excretions.' Otherwife ic proceedeth from
extream Labour and Heat, difiblving Humours which do defcsnd
through the Mailer- Vein, continually feeding that place with evil
Nutriment, and caufes the place to Swell, which Swelling in continu-
ance of time becometh fo hard as a Bone, and therefore is called the
Bone Spaven, The Signs are, the apparent fight of the Sorance ; and
trnly for my own part, I am of the mind of other Farriers, that ic is
very hard abfolutely to cure it, yet that the Eye-fore may be taken
away, and the halting much eafed, is not hard, for I have done it nin-'-
ny times : Then to proceed to the Cure thereof, according to the O-
pinion of the old Farriers, is thus; Firfl flit the Skin iull over the head
of the Spaven or Excretion, and open it with a Cronet, and in any cafa
have a care that you touch not the Mailer- Vein, bat put it by ; then
with your Lancet lay the Spaven all bare, then with a fine Chizel abotfc
a quarter of an Inch broad, or a little more, ftrike off the head of the
Spaven J to the quantity of a quarter of an Almond, or according ro
ooS Of Cures Chyrurgtcd. Lib, IL
the bignefs of a Spaven ; then take two penny-weight of Verdigreafe
beaten to fine Powder, and two penny- weight of Nerve- Oil^ and
beat them all well together ; then laying fome of it upon fine Lint, lay
it upon the Spaven ; then lay dry Lint betwixt the Medicine and the
Vein, that the Medicine may not touch the Vein j then lav a Plaifter
of Pitch, Rozen, Turpentine, and Hogs-Greafe molten together, all
over the Hough, both to comfort the Joint, and to keep in the Medi-
cine. And thus drefs him the fpace of three Days, and it will cleanfe
away the Spaven even to the bottom j at the end of three Days you
{hall wafti away the Corrofive and the Matter, either with Tanners
Water, or with Vinegar, and lay no more of that Salve thereto for
harting the Bone ; then make a Plaifter of Diaculum, and lay it upon
a Linen Cloth, and lay that Plaifter upon the Spaven, renewing it eve*
ry Day once for the fpace of feven Days, and it will heal him up.
Others of the old Farriers ufe, Firft to wafli the Spaven with warm
Water, and fhave off the Hair fo far as the Spaven extendeth, and then
fcarifte the place and make it bleed ; Then take of Cantharides one
dozen, and of Euforbium half a Spoonful, beat them into Powder,
and boil them together, with a little Oil de Bay, lay this boiling hot
upon he Sore, and let all his Tail be tied up from wiping away the
Medicine ^ and then within half an hour after, fet him up in the Sta-
ble, and tie him fo as he may not lie down all that Night, for fear of
rubbing off the Medicine ; and the next day anoint it with frefh Butter,
continuing thus to do every Day once the fpace of fire or fix Days ;
and when the Hair is grown again, draw the fore place with a hot Iron
in this fort, juft upon the Spaven : then take another hot Iron
like a Bodkin fomewhat bowing at the point and thruftit in at
the nether end of the middle Line, and fo upward betwixt the
Skin and the Flefh, an Inch and an half and then Tent it with
a little Hogs-greafe and Turpentine molten together, and made
warm, renewing it every day once, the fpace of nine Days; provi-
ded that firft immediately after his burning, you take up the Mafter-
vein, fuffering him to bleed a little from above, then with a red Silk,
tie the upper end of the Vein, and leave the nether end open, to the
intent that he may bleed from beneath until it ceafe of it felf ; and
ihis will diminifii the Spaven, but not take it clean away.
Now there be other Farriers which ufe it after they burn it in man-
ner aforef^id, and taking up the Mafter-vein, to anoint it with frefh
Butter, till the burning begin to fcale; and then take of Sage, and
Nettles, of each a handful, and boil them with fourhandfuls of Mal-
lows in fair Water, and then put thereto a little Butter, and with that
Bathe him every Day once for three or four days till the burning be
whole, and let him not wet his Feet during the Cure.
Others
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical, 009
Others ufe to prick the Spaven with a fharp-pointed Knife, then
take a piece of Candle, and lay a piece of brown Paper upon it, and
with an hot Iron melt the Tallow, and after anoint it with Butter,
Others ufe firft to prick the Spaven well, then to lay upon it, for three
or four days together, every day, Man's Dung : after that, lay to it
Galbanum till the fore Matter and Rheum, and the Humour come torth^
then waih it with Urine ^ and laftiy, heal it up with Oil and Honey
boiled together, for that will bring on the Hair.
Now to conclude, that which I have ever found to be the fureft and
the cleaneft way to take the Bone-Spaven quite away, if it be ufed with
difcretion and care, is. To take of Unguentum Apoftolorum, and of
white Mercury, of each a little quantity, but of Mercury rather the
more ^ mix them well together ; then after you have caft your Horfe,
make a flit juft the length of the Spaven, fo that you touch not the
Mafter-vein -, then opening it, and laying all the Spaven bare, with a
fharp Inftrument fcale the Spaven a little ^ then make a plegant of Lint
juft fo big as the Excretion or Bone-Spaven is; then fpreading fome of
the Salve thereon, lay it upon the Spaven ; then with dry Lint detend
all other parts of the Member, efpecially the Maftcr-vcin from the
Corrofive^ then lay the Plaifter of Pitch, Rozen, Turpentine and
Hogs greafe before fpoken, round about his Hoof, and fo let him reft
four and twenty Hours; then take away all that Medicine, and fcaling
the Bone a little, if you find the Corrofive have not gone deep enough,
then drefs it in the fame manner the fecond time, and that will be al-
together fufficient; then rake of Turpentine, of Deers-fuet, and of
Wax, of each a like quantity, and mix and melt them well together,
then drefs the fore place therewith, being warmed, and Lint or Tow
dipt therein, and within a Day or two you fhall fee the whole cruft of
the Spaven come clean away, then may you with the fame Salve,
heal up the Wound ; and this Bathe never failed me in any Pradice.
*> Alfo underftand, that whatfoever taketh away the Splent, taketh
away the Spaven alfo.
CHAP, LXXXV. Of the Blood Spaven, vjet Spave»y or
through Spaven.
TH E Blood Spaven, wet Spaven, or through Spaven, (for all is
one Difeafe) is a foft Swelling growing on both fides the Hoof,
and feems as though it went through the Hoof, whereby it is called a
through Spaven; but for the moft part, the Swelling on the infide
(becaufe it is fed continually of the Mafter-vein) is greater than the
fwelling on the oatfide ; it proceedeth from a more Huxible and
flegmy Humour, and not fo vifcous and flimy, as the other Spaven
doth ; and therefore this never waxeth hard, nor groweth to a Bone,
£ e and
^10 Of Cures Cbyrurgkal. Lib. IL
and therefore ii is a much eaker Civre than the other. The Signs
thereof arelike the other^ the apparent Sight thereof - a«d;f(eH^ the
Cure^ it W kccoT^'mg to the- Opinion of the aAd Fapriers^ in this man-
ner- Firft, vvafh the Spa vcfi with warm Water, and't?heft drefs k with
Camharides and Euforbium, in fuch fort as was at large fhewed in the
former Chapter; only you ftiall not boil them, but only mix them
together, and drefs the Sore therewith two Days together ^ then anoint
it wivh Butter, and after burn it with a hot Iron both without- and
wirhin, in manner as is fliewed alfo in the former Chapter; but you
Ihall by no means Tent it; then immediately you fhall take up the
Mafter-vein, and let it bleed, as was fhewed before ; and thef^for
thefpace of nine Days, anoint him every Day once with Butter, un-
till the burning begin to fcale, and then wafh it with this Bathe:
Take of Mallows three handfuls, of Sage one handful, and as much of
red Nettles ; boil them in Water until they be foft, then put thereto a
little frelli Butter, and bathe the place every day once for the fpace
of three or four Days, and until the burning be whole, let the Horfe
come in no wet.
1^ Orher Farriers ufe, after they have fliaved off the Hair, and
taken up the Vein, to take of Muftard-feed, of the great Mallow-root,
and of OK-dung of each alike quantity, and as muchftrong Vinegar as
will mix them together like a Salve, then beat them all well together,
and make thereof a foft Plaifter, or elfe an Ointment, and lay it upon
the Spaven ; change it Evening and Morning, and bind it in fuch fort
to the Sorance with fome piece of Cloth, that it may not fall off or
be removed; and when the Spaven is clean- gone, lay upon the place
a Plaifter of Pitch very hot, and take it not off, until it fall away of
its own accord. Other Farriers ufe unto this former Medicine to add
Oil.de Bay, Turpentine, and Bole-Armoniack.
And other Farriers ufe but only to take up the Vein, both above and
below the Spaven, and fufFering it to bleed well ; then to knit up the
Vein, and anoint it with Butter till it be whole, and it will confume
the Spaven. ^^^
CHAP. LXXXVI. A mofi rare and well-approved Aledkine^
uhlch 7iJill take away any Bleod Spaven whatfoever.
\ Fter you have taken up the Vein, knit it fail above, and then cut
/\ it in funder, you fhall take of Linfeed two or three handfuls,
and bruife it well in a Mortar, then mix it with new Cow-dung, and
putting it in a Frying-Pan, heat it well upon the Fire, and very hot
apply it to the Spaven, renewing it Morning and Evening till it bring
the Spaven like a Boil to Impofthumation^, and to break it; then af-
f fer
lib. IL Oj Cwes Chyrmgiccd. ^ii
ter it hath run a Day or two, you fliall only apply to the Sore a Plai-
Iter of Pitch, till it be whole.
C H A P, LXXXVII. Of the SeUender.
TH E Sellender is a certain kind of dry Scab, growing in the very
bent of the Ham of the hinder Leg • and it extendeth out into
ill favoured Chaps or Chinks, which if it be not prevented by Medi-
cine, it will fret in funder tiie Sinews of the Hoof. It is in all Points
like untoa Mallander, and itproceedeth from the felf likeCaufes^ and
requireth the felf fame Cures , therefore look into the Chapter of the
Mallander, and whatfoever you find there, that will Cure the Mal-
lander, the fame will alfo Cure the Sellender,
CHAP. LXXXVIIL Of the Hough Bonny.
THE Hough Bonny is a round Swelling like a Paris Ball, grow-
ing upon the very tip or elbow of the Hoof, and cometh ever
of fome Stripe or Bruife j but efpecially when he beateth his Hoof ei-
ther againft the Poft which ftandeth behind him,- at the nether end of
his Stall, or againft the Bar which doth divide him from another
Horfe, which many Rammifh Jades will do, when they feek to ftrike
at the Horfe which ftandeth next them.
Now the Cure thereof is thus, according to the Opinion of the old
Farriers . Take a round Iron fomcwhat (harp at the end, like a good
big Bodkin, and let it be fomewhat bending at the Point j then hold-
ing the Sore with your left Hand, pulling it fomewhat from the Sinews,
pierce it with the Iron, being ftrft made red hot, thrufting it beneath
in the bottom, and fo upward into the Jelly, to the Intent that the
fame Jelly may ilTae downward out of the Hole^ and having thruft
out all the Jelly, tent the Hole with a Tent of Flax dipt in Turpen«
tine and Hogs-Greafe molten together j and alfo anoint the outfide
with Hogs-Greafe made warm, renewing it every Day once until the
Hole be ready to clofe up, making the Tent every Day lelTer and leffer
until it be whole. Now for my own part both for this Sorance, or any
other Bruife in this Part, I have found this Cure ever the beft: Firft
cither with rotten Litter or Hay boiled in old Urine, or elfe with a
Plaifter of Wine-Lees and Wheat-Flower boiled together, to ripen the
S«felling, and bring it to Putrefadion, or elfe to drive the Swelling
away i but if it con>e to a Head, then to lance it in the loweft part
of the fbftnefs, with a thin hot Iron, and fo let our the Mi^tter • then
to tent it with Turpentine, Deers-Suet, and Wax, of each a like'quan-
tity molten together^ laying a Plaifter of the fame Salve over it, to
hold in the Tent until it be perfectly well.
^ / Be* CHAP.'
313 Of Cures ChymrgicaL Lib. II.
CHAP. LXXXIX. Of the CurK
A Curb is a long Swelling a little beneath the Elbow of the Hoof of
the great Sinew behind^ hard above the top of the Horn^ which
caufeth the Horfe to halt after a little Labour ; for the more his Sinew
b ftrained, the greater is his Pain, and the more he hath Reft, the
leiTer is his Grief; it cometh as the Spavens come, either from Defcent,
or from great Burthens when the Horfe is young, or elfe from fome
Strain or Wrench. The Signs are, the apparent View thereof ; and the
Cure according to the old Farriers, is, Firft to (have off the Hair,
then prick it with a Fleam in three or four Places, and for three or four
Days together, lay unto it twice a Day Man's Dung ; then lay Galba-
num to it likewife twice a Day until it rot, and that the Matter doth
iflue forth ; then wafh it with Urine ; and laftly, heal it up with Ho-
ney and Oil boiled together, renewing the fame twice a Day till the
Curb be gone ; and in any cafe let hH your Salves be applied warm and
new made, and if you make an Iflue with a hot Iron in the bottom
of the Curb, it will not do amifs.
Others ufe to take a very hot Iron, and hold it as nigh the fore a^
may be, but not touching it ; then when it is warm, vent it in fix or
feven Places ; then take a fpoonful of Salt, half a fpoonful of Nerve-
Oil, and a Penny- weight of Verdigreafe, and the White of an Egg;
mix thefe well together, and dipping Flax in the fame, lay k to the
Curb, and this in few dreflings will take it away. Other Farriers u-fe
to chafe and rub the Curb well with their Hands; then take red Wall-
wort Leaves, and Burrage, and braying them well together, lay it to
the Curb, renewing it once a day for a feven-night together. Others
ufe to flit the Curb all the length, then take a piece of linen-cloth, and
wet it in Wine made warm ; then ftrow Verdigreafe thereupon, and
bind it to the Sore, renewing it once a day until the Curb be gone.
Others of the Ancient Farriers take of Wine Lees a Pint, of Cummin
half an Ounce, and as much Wheat-Flower as will thicken it, and
ftir them well together ; and being made warm. Charge the fore place
therewith, renewing it every day once the fpace of three or four Dayj,
and when the Swelling is almoft gone, then draw it with a hot Iron
made very thin in this fort, and cover the burning with Pitch
and Rozen molten together, and laid on good and warm, and
clap thereon fome Flocks of the Horfe's Colour, or fo nigh as
may be gotten, and remove them not until they fall away of
themfelves ; and for the fpace of nine Days let the Horfe reft,
and come in no wet. Now there be other Farriers, which to this
iaft recited Salve, will add Tar^ and it is not amifs, only it will not
ftick fo well.
i *^ Now
I
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 1 1 3
^— ■~-^— —— ^— ■■«*^' ■ I I — ^-^— — — ^^ **_
<8^Cl5? Now for mine own part, I have ever found this Pra«5tice
the bed :
Firft, With a broad Incle to bind the Hoof ftrait a little about the
Cod; then wich a fmooth hazle- Stick to beat, rub^ and chafe the
Curb ; then with a Fleam flrike it as deep as you can in two or three
Places of the Curb ; then thruft out the corrupt Blood ^ and after
upon the Point of your Knife^ put into every hole_, as deep as you can
thruft it, the quantity of two Barley- Corns of white Mercury, and
fo let the Horfe reft four and twenty hours after ^ then after, only
anoint the fore Place wich hot molten Butter till it be whole, once a
Day at the leaft. And likewife here underftandj that whatfoever
cureth the Splint or the Spaven, that cureth the Curb alio.
CHAP. XC. Of the Vaim,
TH E pains is a certain Ulcerous Scab growing in the Patterns of
a Horfe, betwixt the Fetlock and the Heel, full of fretting mat-
terifh Water, and cometh only for want of good rubbing and clean
dreffing, after the Horfe hath been journeyed in the Winter- ways, by
means whereof the Sand and Dirt remaining in the Hair, fretteth the
Skin and Flefli, and fo breaketh to a Scab j and therefore your Frl-
fons, and Flanders-Horfes and Mares, which are now fo much in ufe
with us for the Coach, are the fooneft troubled with this Difeafe, if
the Keeper be not much the more careful. The Signs hereof are, his
Leg will be fwoln and hot, the Scab will be palpable to be felt, and
the Water will iffue out of the Scab, which Water is fo hot and fret-
ting, that it will fcald off the Hair, and breed Scabs where it goeth.
The Cure, according to the ancient Farriers, is. Take of Turpentine,
Hogs-grcafe, Honey and Black Soap, of each a like quantity, and
having molten them upon a foft Fire, take it off, and put in a little
Bole-Armoniack, finely beaten into Powder; then work all thefe things
well together with a Stick in your right hand, and a Difh of Wheat-
flower by you, that with your left hand, you may put it in by a little
at once, till you have made it thick like an Ointment, or foft Salve;
then fpread it upon a Linen Cloth, as big as the Sore, having firft
cut away the hair, and made the Sore raw, apply to the Salve, and
drefs him thus once a Day until it be whole.
This Medicine is well approved to cure all forts of Pains, Scratches,
mouldy heels, or any other skirvy Scalls whatfoever, that may breed
in Horfe's legs or heels, whether they come by means of evil Hu-
mours, or for lack of good dreffing or clean keeping, whether they
be mattry or filthy running Sores, or elfe dry Scabs, Othsjs of the
old Farriers ufe for this Sorance to take a Pine of red Wine- Lees, and
a handful of Wheat-bran, a Saucer fuU of Honey^ and half a pound of
the
214- Of Cures Cbyrurgkal, Lib. II.
the Powder of Powdered Beef burnt, and as much of Bark-Dud, and
half a pound of Allonij and a quarter of a pound of Swines-greafe,
and half a handful of Vervain : beat all thefc together hi a Mortar
and then fry them over the Fire, and make a hot Plaifter thereof, and
lay it ro the Sore, as hot as the Horfe can fufFer it, letting it abide there,
the fpace of three Days; and in once or twice thus drefling him, it
will make him found. Yet fome hold, if you do with a hot Drawing-
Iron fear the great Vein overthwart, a handful above the Fetlock, and
then put a fpoonful of Tar, a fpoonful of Butter, and a fpoonful of
Honey, and warming them well together, anoint the Vein therewith
every Day till che Cure be perfedied and it is much available.
Other Farriers ufe, Firft to wafh all the Horfe's Pafterns with Butter
and Beer well warmed together, and then his Leg being fomewhat
dried, clrp awc^y all the Hair that doth annoy the Sore; then take of
Turpentine, of Hogs-greafe, and of Honey, of each a like quantity ;
mingle them well together in a Pot, and put thereunto a little Bolc-
Armoniack, the Yolks of two Eggs, and as much Wheat-flower as will
thicken the things aforefaid, and fo by long working it, make it like a
Plaifter ; then fpread it upon the Linen Cloth, and lap it round about
the Horfe 's Pattern, and bind it h^ on with a Rowler. renewing it
once a Day till the Horfe be whole; and in no wife let the Horfe
come in any wet during the Cure. Others ufe, Firft to chafe the fore
Place with a Hay rope, or with a hair-doth, till it either bleed or be
raw ; then take a little ftrong Muftard, Bean- flower, and frefh Greafe
with a little Fenugreek ; then mix all together in a Di(h, and make
thereof a Salve, and therewith anoint the Sore, until it leave Matter-
ing; then take Honey, the White of an Egg, and frefh Butter; mix
them together, and anoint the fore Place therewith until it be whole.
Others ufe onfy to biuhe the fore with Beef-broth, and then for four or
five Days after, to anoint it with Soap, or elfe firft to plunge his Feet
in fcalding Water twice or thrice; and then bathe the ibre in fcald-
ing Water ; then have ready a hard roafted Egg, cleave it in the
midft, and lap it to as hot as you can, and let it lie bound all Night; .
ufe this once or twice, and you may adventure to ride him.
^ Others ufe to take Pepper, Garlick ftampt, Coleworts, and old
Hog's-greafe, of each a like quantity ; then beat them in a Mortar till
they be come to a Salve, and fo lay it to the fore, renewing it once
a Day till it be whole.
t3r Others ufe firft to take up the Shackle-Veins on both fides, then
take the foft Row of a red Herring, and Muftard, and Black Soap,
and when they are well beaten together, boil them in Vinegar till they
come to a Salve, and apply it to the fore ; this will cure the Pains,
although you do not take up the Shackle-Veins. If you cannot rea-
dily
Lib. II. Of Cures Chymrgkcd. 1 1 5
dily get thisSaive^ yoa may take Butter and Honey molten rcgethei':;
and it will help them ; or elfe take a pound of Hogs-j^^reafCj a penny-
worth of Verdigreafe, two ounces of Muftaid, half a pound of
Honej', half a pound of Englifli Wax^ one ounce of Arfenick, two
ounces of Red-Lead, and half a pint of Vinegar; boil all thefe toge-
ther,; and make an Ointment of it ; then having dipt and made the
Sore all bare^ apply the Medicine thereunto very hoc^ and rtn^v^ it
once a Di^y until it be whole. Ocheri ufe to take ^\'t Ounces of Or-
pimGntj fiveof Tartar^ oneof Verdigreafe, hulf an ounce of Sulphur,
as much of Vitriol made into Powder, the Juice of fcur Citrons^ the
Whites of two Eggs, with three ounces of Sailei-Oil; let all thefe be
very well beaten together, and applied once a Day to the Sore, and ic
will not only heal this Difeafe, but any falc Humour whatfoever:
mingle with foftGreafe, Vinegar, Honey, Oipimcnt, andArfenick;
but Let Arfenick be the leaft, and it will cure thia Difeafe ; fo will alfo
White-wax, Turpentine and Camphire mixt together. Others ufe to
take an Hundred Black- nails in the Month of May^ flit them, and
put them in a Bag wiih a pint of Bay-falt, then hang them over the
Fire, with a V^elTel let under to receive what drops from them, '^nc?
keep it in a clofe Gh^fs ; then anoint the Sore every Day therewith,
and it will heal this Surance. Others take Honey and Vinegar, of
each a like quantity, a \^\.\t Oil, and Suet of a He-Goat, of each a
like, alfo boil them with a loft Fire and ff ir it v/ell ; when it waxech
red, add of Verdigreafe and Vitriol, of each a like quantity made into
Powder, itirring it till ic be red and thick ; then being warm, anoint
the fore place therewith once a Day, after it hath been wafhed with
warm Water; and this not only helps the Pains, but alfo any Sorance
whatfoever of like Nature about the Legs.
Alfo green Copperas and Roch-Aliom, of each half a pound, and
a handful of Bay-falt boiled in a Gallon of running Water, will heal
it ; or elfe unto it add a pint of Honey, and boil it over again, and it
will be the better ; then when you have anointed the Sore therewith,
rub it with the Powder of Glafs, Muftard and Vinegar mixed toge-
ther, and afterwards skin it with Cream, and the inner P^^ind of Elder
beaten to a Salve, which muft be applied to the fore twice a Day at
the leaft.
CHAP. XCL 0/ the Mules, or Kihe^ Heels.
THefe Mules, or Kibed Heels, are certain dry Scabs or Chaps
breeding behind upon the Heels of a Horfe, and fo a little in-
ward even to the Fetlock, in long Chaps and Chinks ,* it proceedeth
either from Corruption of Blood, or from being bred in wet marrifli
Grounds, or elfe from unclean and negligent keeping, in fuch man-
ner as the Pains are bred ; this Sorance will make the Horfe's Lee; to
fwell
*n6 Of Cures Chyrurgicd. Lib. II.
fwell much, efpecially in the Winter, and about the Spring-time, and
he will go ftifly, and halt much.
Now for the Cure, you (hall underftand, that whatfoever healeth
the Pains, the fame will in like fort heal thofe Kibed Heels •, yet for
more particularity, you fhall know, that the old Farriers did ufe for
this Sorance, if they took it at the beginning, but only to anoint it for
two or three Days with Soap, and then after to warn it with ftrong
Urine, or Beef Broth till it were whole ; but if it were of any long
Continuance, then, firft to cut away the Hair and lay the fore open and
plain ; then take two ounces of unflacked Lime, one ounce of Soap,
and the White of an Egg, or elfe an ounce of unflacked Lime, and
as much Salt, and three ounces of Soot, and mingling them with
ftrong Vinegar, anoint the fore therewith, and it will heal and kill
them.
Other Farriers ufe to calcinate Tartar, and diflblve it to Water ,•
then congeal it like Salt, and mingle it with Soap like an Ointment,
and then drefs the Sore therewith, and this will in eight aud forty
hours heal any Mules, Pains, or Scratches whatfoever. If you take
the Juice of the Leaves and Roots of Elder, it is very good to dry up
any of thefe evil Humours.
CHAP. XCIL Of Wiftd-GalU,
TH E Wind-Gall is a little Bleb or Bladder full of corrupt Jelly,
and like the White of an Egg, growing on each fide of the Ma-
fter Sinew of the Leg, hard above the Paftern. Now of them fomc
will be big, and fome will be little, and there will be fometimes more
than one or two of a Clufter, and they are fo painful, efpecially in
the Summer- feafon, when the Weather is hot, and the Ways hard,
that the Horle is not able to travel, but haltcth downright^ they pro-
ceed commonly from extream I/abour in the Summer-time upon hard
Ways, whereby the Humours being diflblved, do flow and refort in-
to the hollow Places about the nether Joints, which are moft
beaten and feebled with Travel, and there are congealed and cove-
red with a thin Skin like a Bladder ^ they are moft apparent to be
feen and felt.
The Cure thereof, according to the old Farriers, is, To take a
Knife, and open it in the length of a Bean, piercing no further into it
than through the skin of the Bladder, and then thruft out the Jelly,
which as I laid before, will be like the White of an Egg ; then take the
Yolk of an Egg- and as much Oil de Bay as a good Nut, and mixing
them together, make a Plaifter thereof, and lay it to the fore, and in
two Of three Days it will heal it. Others of the old Farriers drefs it
with Euforbium and Cantharides, in fuch fort as is fhewed for the
taking
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaU a 1 7
taking away of the Splent • bat if that will not ferve, then
with a hot Drawing-Iron to draw the Wind Gall in this fort • _
then to open the middle Lane with a Lancet, the length of a Bean
and thruft out the Jelly, then lay Pitch and Rozen molten together
upon it, and then a few Flocks, and that will take ic clean'away.
Other Farrierj ufe to take up the Mafter- Veins en the infide of his
Legs, and fuffer him only to bleed from below : Then having put up
the Vein, cover all his Leg over with a Piaifter of Wine-Lees and
Wheat- Flower mingled together, and Rowl it with a long Rowler;
drefs him in this fort once a Day till it be whole.
Others ufe to open the Skin and put out the Jelly, then a fpocnful of
Oil de Bay, a fpoonful of Turpentine, a Pennyworth of Verdigreafe,
the White of an Egg, and a quarter of an ounce of Red Lead, boil
them together till it come to a Salve ; then lay it to the Wind-Gall,
and it will cure it ^ or elfe, after you have let out the Jelly, take Ro-
zen, Sheeps-Suet, and Brimftone, of each alike, and melt them to-
gether, and lay that upon the Wind-Gall, fo it be not too hot, and
it will cure it. Others take the Roots of Cummin, and beat them well
with a little Salt, and lay that to the W^ind-Gall ; or elfe anoint them
with the Juice of Onions or Leek-blades, and that will allay them, or
elfe Ground-Ivy and Wormwood with the Roots fod in Wine, and laid
to the Wind-Gall, will take them away. S> Others of our latter ex-
perienced Farriers, Take an ounce of white Wax, an ounce of Ro-
zen, two ounces of raw Honey, three ounces of Swines-greafe, two
ounces of Oil of the Yolks of Eggs, five ounces of Oil de Bay ^ mix
all thefe well together, and ftrain them ; then rub them into the Wind-
Gall, by holding a hot B.qr of Iron againft the Ointment and it will
take the Wind-Gall away. Now for the making of the Oil of the
Yolks of Eggs, it is thus : Firft, feethe the Eggs hard, and then ftamp
and feethe them in an Earthen Pot with a foft fire, and fo ftrain them.
Now this Medicine will not only heal the Wind-GalU but the Ring-
bone alfo ; it is very good for the abating of the Wind-Gall, and for
making the Medicine to work the better, to let the Horfe ftand in a
cold running Stream an Hour, Morning and Evening. The fcum of
the four Salts fod in Man's Urine, and laid to the Wind-Gall, will
take it away.
There be others which take a pottle of Vinegar, a pound of Orpi-
ment, a quarter of a pound of Galls, and as much of the Herb Mul-
lein ftamped fmall ; mingle thefe well together, and put them into a
Pot, then every Day therewith bathe the Wind-Gall; and in three
Weeks it will dry them clean up ^ it will alfo take away a Curb, or
a Spaven, or a Ring-bone, if you take them at the Breeding, Other
Farriers take of Sevil-Oil and Brimftone, of each a like quantity, and
F f feethe
ij I g Of Ci^e^ Chyrur^cd. Lik IL
. i_ ^ ^ ^^ -__ — ■ - ~ -- I " " '~r^ ' ^ — ' ' "" "^ ' -"
feethe them in Man*s Urine, and ftir them Well together ; after put in
the quantity of a Walnut of Soap, to keep the Hair from fcalding
off; then bathe the Wind-Gall with this hot, thrice together, rubbing
i- .„^!l Jr, . fVi^n Qnninf if flbove wirh "MprVf. Oil. anf\ Oil f^^ T{o\r
Gall.
1^ Now for mine own part, the bef^ Medicine I have found in
rriv Practice for this Sorance^ and the eafieft, is, with a fine Lancet
to open the Wind-GaU, making the Hole no bigger than that the
Jelly may come forth ; then having thruft it clean forth, lap a Wool-
len wet Cloth upon it, and with a Taylor's hot Preiling-Iron, rub
upon the Cloath till you have made the Cloach fuck in all the Moi-
llure from the Wiiid-Gall, and that the Wind-Gall is dry • then take
of Pitch, of Pvozen, and of MaPiick, of each a like quantity, and
being very hot, daub it ail over the Wind-Gull, then clap good {tore
of Flocks of the Colour of the Horfe upon it, and fo let the Horfe
reft or run at Grafs, till the Plaifter fall off by its own accord, and
be fure the W^ind-Gall will be gone.
Now 1 would give you this for a Rule, that by no means you ufe
to a Wind Gall, either Arfenick, or Rofalgar^ for commonly then
the Wind-Gall will come again; neither mult you burn much, nor
make any great Incifioji • for any of thefe will turn the foft Subftance
of the Wind-Giill to hardnefs, and then the Horfe will be Lame
without Cure.
CHAP. XCn. of a Strain in the Vajtern Joint,, or Fetlock.
\ Horfe may be Strained in the Fetlock, or Paftern Joint, either by
fome Wrench in the Stable, when the Planchers are broken un-
der him, or by treading awry upon fome Stone, or upon fome Cart-^-
rut. as- hetravelleth by the way. The Signs whereof be theft; the'
Joint wlfi be fwolii and fore, and the Horfe will halt; and the Cure^
according to the old Farriers, is. Take a quart of ftale Urine, and
ieethe it till the iFoam arife ; then ftrain it, and put thereto a handful
of Tanfie, and a handful of Mallows, a Saucer full of Honey, and a
quarter of a pound of Sheeps-Suet; then fet it on the Fire, and feethe
them all together till the Herbs be fodden foft; and then being very
hot, lay this Poulti^ to the Joint, and cover it over with a Blue-Clothj,
and in three Times dreffing it v^'ill help the Strain.
Other Farriers take of Dialthea half a pound, and as much Nervc-
Oii, minglcthem well together, and anoint the fore place therewith,
chafing it well with both your Hands, that the Ointment may enter
iti; continuing fbto do erery day once ^rrtii the Ointm^nt-be all fpeht,
and.
Lib. 11. 0/ Cwes ChymrgtcaL % \ 9
and let the Horfe reft ; but if this will not prevail, then they will
ufe Cantharidesj as in cafe of the Splent ; but I do not hold that Cure
convenient, becaufe it will make a double Grief j therefore I had ra-
ther you fhould take Pompilion, Nerve-Oil, and black Soap, of each
alike, heat them hot on the Fire, and then anoint the fore place there-
with, and it will make the Horfe found.
CHAP. XCIV. To Remedy any TTianncr of Halting that cometh by
Strain^ Streaky or aity other Accident.
NO W forafmuch as Halting is fuch a general Sorance amongft
Horfes, that not any Man that is Mafter of a Horfe, but even
in his fmalleft travel, is at one time or other vexed with the fame, I
will here, before I do proceed any further, let you down certain gene-
ral Receipts, fele<fted and culled out of the private Pradicoand Expe-
riment of the beft Farriers in Chrijfendomj of which I may give the bol-
der Teftimony, becaufe I have made Practice of their Vcrtues.
If then your Horfe have taken any halt, either by ftiffnefs of
Sinfews, Strain, Wrench, Stroak, or arty other Accident, if the Grief
be in his Leg, you fliall take Smallage, Ox-Eye, and Sheeps-fuct,
of each a like quantity, chop them all together, and boil it in Man's
Urine, and bathe all the Leg therewith ; then with Hay-Ropes wet
in cold Water, rowl up his Le^, and he will be able to travel the
next day.
<^ If you feethe a pound of Black Soap in a quart of ftrong Ale
till it look like Tar, and anoint the Leg therewith, it will fupple the
Sinews, and bring them to their true courfe. If you wafli his Limbs
Avith the Grounds of Beer or Ale made warm, and then rope them up
with Hay-ropes wet in the fame, it will recover a Strain. If you take
of the Flower of Linfeed, of Turpentine, and Life-Honey, of each
alike, and boil them with White- Wine until they be thick like unto an
Ointment j then fpfead it on a Cloth, and lay it to the Grief, and it
will take away any Ach or Pain in the Sinews ; likewife a Plaifterof
Wine-Lees and Wheat Flower, or a Plaifter of Black Soap and Boars-
Greafe wi?l do the like. ^ "",'''
•^ If you mix Nerve Oil, Oil de Bay, and Aqua-vifae together,
atid warm it, and chafe it in, and upon, antl about the Strain, it will
take the Anguifh quite away. If the Grief be 'in the Shoulder, or the
hinder Leg, then burn him upon the very Joints by taking up the
skin with -a Pair of Pfnfors, Ifeid thrufl the skin through with a hot Iron
overthwart ; and if this cure him not,, then his Pain is betwixt the thin
skin and the bone, which muft thei? be'Rowelled. If the Grief be in
the Shoulder, or in the Hip, or dtewhere, then let him Btood, and
iiiring the Blood, mix therewith the Powder of Frankincenfe, and
F f 2 anoint
520 Of Cures Chyrurgtcal, Lib. II.
anoint the Horfe with the fame. If the Grief be only in the Sinews_,
then take the Plaifter called Sologliatium, made of Gum-dragam,
new Wax, Pitch and Turpentine mixed together, or elfe take the Yolks
of two EggSj an ounce of Frankincenfe, and a little Bran, and beat
them well together, and lay it to the Pain. If the Grief do proceed
from a hot Caule, then let the Horfe Blood, and with that Blood mix
Vinegar and Oil, and anoint him, and chafe it well: But if it pro-
ceed from a cold Caufe, then let him bleed a little ^ and with Figs
foaked a day in warm Water, and as much Muftard-feed, make a Plai-
ner, and lay it to the Grief. If it come either by any Rufii or Stripe,
let the Horle blood, and with that Blood mingle ftrong Vinegar, Eggs,
fhells and all, three ounces of Sanguis Draconis, four of Bole-Armo-
niack, and five of Wheat-Meal, and daub it all over the fore place. If
the Grief be in the Shoulder, and the skin broken, take Galls of Soria
punned, and mingle them wicb Honey, and lay it to the fore. If his
Pain come from the ffiffnefs (if his Joints, Take a Pound of Black
Soap, and boil it in a Quart of Ale till it be thick, and it will comfort
the Joints. If the Joints be fwelled, then take Rozen, Pitch, Tur-
pentine, and Sanguis Draconis molten together ; and lay it ta the
fwelling warm, and it will either take away the Swelling, or elfe ripen
it and make it run. If you take of the Oil of Camomil, Oil of Dill,
Butter and Agrippa, of each a like quantity ; or elfe make a Plaifter
of an ounce of Turpentine, half an ounce of Verdigreafe, and the
Marrow of a Stag ; or bathe the Horfe with warm Water, wherein
Rofemary hath been fbd, and it will eafe any Pain whatfoever. If
theHorfe's Pain be in his Shoulder, firft with a Lancet prick the Skin
through between the Spade-Bone and the Marrow-Bone f then putting
in a QuilU blow the Skin from the Flefli, even all about ^ thenthruftr
ing out the Wind with your hand, put in a Rowel ; then take a Pot^
tie of ftale Urine, feethe it with a pound of Butter, and as much
Swines-Greafe, and a handful of Mallows, a handful of Tanfie, a
handful of Vervain, a handful of Red Nettles, a handful of Southern-
wood, and a handful of Balm-Leaves ; then beat them all well toge-
ther, and fo anoint his Shoulder therewith, and let him not go forth
of the Stable for feven Days. If his Grief be in any nether Joint,
then take a handful of Lawrel Leaves, and of Primrofe-Leaves, of
Ground-Ivy, of Crow- foot, of Mallows, of red Fennel, and of fine
Hay, of each of them feveral as much i feethe thera well together,
and then let them ftand fourteen days, tl^^n bathe the Joint once a day,
and bind on the Herbs unto it four days together ^ then after chafe in-
to the Joint frefh Greafe and Oil mixt together, and it will cafe his
Pain. Now to conclude, if any Joint or Member about the Horfe be
by any Flux of Humours fwelled, and grown out of (hape, whereby
p the.
Lib. 11. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL a a j
the Horfe goeth ftifF and halteth ^ then to dilTolve thofe Humours,
take Wormwood^ Sage, Rofemary, the Bark of the Elm-Tree, and
of a Pine, together with Linfeed, and boiling thefe together, make a
Bath or Poultis thereof, and lay it to the Tick Member,and it will dillblve
the Humours; and fo likewife will Figs, being ftamped with Salt,
and applied to the Sore.
CHAP. XCV. Three rart and well aff roved Medicines^ which "will
cure any manner of Strain or Swelling ovh-ufoevefj be it hard or foft^ by
what Accident foever it jhall come.
IF the Strain be newly taken, you fhall then take Vinegar of the beft,
a pint, and of fweet Butter better than a quarter of a pound, and
melt them over the Fire ; then with fine Wheat-Bran, make it into a
Poultis upon the fire, and lay it as hot to the Strain as the Horfe is able
to endure it without fcalding, and do thus Morning and Evening until
the Strain be alTvvaged. But if the Strain be of no longer continuance,
then take of Mallows, and Chickweed, and boil them either in the
grounds of Ale or ftrong Urine, and lay them very hoc to the
ftrain. Laftly, if your ftrain, by length of Time, or evil Medicines,
be grown, in Mens Imaginations palt Cure, the Sinews and Swelling.
being boney, hard, and knotted , then you fliali take Peece-greafe.
which is made of Shooe-makers threds, and melting it on the Fire,
anoint and bathe the Strain therewith very hot, not only chafing it ex-
ceedingly Avith your hand, but alfo holding a hot bar of Iron againft
it to make the Ointment fink in ; then take a fine Linen-Rowler, and
rcwl up the Leg gently ; do thus once a Day, and it will take away
tne greateft and moft defperate ftrain that may be.
C H A ■ P» XCVL Mother certain approved Cure fi»r Any Strain-
•wbatfoever.
TAKE Boars-greafe, Bole-Armoniack^ Black Soap and Nerve-
Oil, of each a like quantity, boil them W€ll together, and then
apply it hot to the Grief, rubbing and chafing it in exceedingly, and
alfo heating it in very well, either with a hot Brick-bat, a hot Fire-
fhovel, or a hot Bar of Iron ; And thus do once a Day till the Pain
depart.
CHAP. XCVII. Of Enterfering,
Nterfering is either whan a Horfe through a natural Straitnefs in
his Pace, or through evil and too broad fhooing, goeth fo narrow
behind wkh his hinder Feet, that he hewerh the one againft the other
upon the infide •£ his Legs, even with the Paftern Joint ,• and by
means of hishewing* there groweth hard mattery Scabs, which arefo
fore,
E
I
221 Of Cures Cbymrgkal, Lib. II.
fore, that they many times make the Horfe to halt much *. The Sigm
are^ the ftraicnefs of his going, and the Apparentnefs of the Scabs.
Now the Cure confifteth as much in J^revention^ as in Salve: For the
prevention, which is, To keep a Horfe from hewing one Leg upon
atK)therj it confifteth only in the Office of the Smith, and the making
of his hinder Shooes, whereby he may go wider, and not touch: Of
which we ftiall fpeak more at large, when we treat of paring and
Ihooing of each fevisral Foot, For the Salve^ which is to cure the
Hurt being once received, it is thus : You fhall take of May-Butter' (if
you can get it) or elfe frefli Greafe, or frefh Buttec, with a quantity
of Rozen, and as much Nerve-Oil ; then fry them all together in a
Pan, and then let it ftand till it be cold, and put it in a Pot, and put
to it a little Cow-dung; and then Plaifter-wife apply this unto the
Sore, renewing it once a Day, and it will not only heal this Sor&,
but alfo any Prick by a Nail whatfoever.
CHAP. XCVIII. Of the Sbackk-Gall, cr Gall in the? aft em,
either by Shackle er Lock.
Fa Horfe be galled in the Paftern, on the Heel, or upon the Cro-
net, either with Shackle or Lock, as it many times happens in the
Campaign Countries, where the Farmers ufe much to teather their
Horfes ; then for fuch a Sore you (hall take Honey and Verdigreafe,
and boil them together till the one half be confumed, and that it look
red ; then after it is a little cooled, you fhall anoint the fore Place
therewith twice a Day, and then ilroW upon it a little c'hopt Flocks to
ke«p on the Salve. This is excellent for any Gall whatfoever, and
chiefly for the Scratches.
CHAP. XCiX. Of Hurts in the Legs, which tome hy Gaffing
in the Halter.
TH E Hurts which a Horfe getteth b^ being caft inrhe Halter, are
nriany, and proceed from divers Accidents, as when the 'Reins of
the Collar are fo long, and will not run to and fro, that the Horfe
gets one or both his fore Legs or hind Legs over them, and then with
ftruggling, woundeth and galleth them much ; or elfe when a Horfe
having adefire to fcratch his Ear with his hinder Foot, rubbing i<t to
and fro, in the end faflenech his Foot either^in the, Collar, or the
Reins, and then the more he ftrivech to loofert it, the' more he galleth
and woundeth it, eVen fometimes to the very 'B<!)ne, Now for the
Cute, according to the Opinion of the old Fitrriers, it is thus; Take
of Oil-OHve one ounce, of Turpfentine two or 'ihret ounces^ melt
them together over the fire, ^d then put thdreurtto i fittle -Wax, and
working them all well together, lay it Plaifter-wife -jiiHto the Sore,
renew-
Lib. II, Of Cures ChymrgicaL aa^
renewing it once a Day until it be whole. - Now there be other Far-
riers which only anoint the Sore with the Whites of Eggs and Sallet-
Oil mixed together j and then when the Sore cometh toa Scabj anoint
it with Butrefj being molten^ until it look brown.
Now for mine own part, the Cure which I principally ufe for this
Sorance, is, To take of Wax, of Turpentine, and of Hogs-greafe, of
each one Ounce, and having mingled and molten them well together,,
put them into a pot ; then take an ounce of Verdigreafe beaten to
Powder, and an ounce of Hogs-greafe, and mix them very well
together, and pat that into another pot ; then when you drefs the Sore,
take of the firft Salve two parts, and of the latter a third parr, and
mix them well together in the palm of your hand^ anoint all the fore
place tlierewith, doing thus once a Day until it be whole.
. ' •' 'C -H ''^^A--Pi ' Ql^ ' Of (k Scratches j Cnfanchts, or Rats-Tails,
T'HE Scratches,' Crepanches^ or Rats-Tail3 being ail but one So-
rance, are long, fcabby, and dry Chops or Rifts, growing right
up and down^ and oyerthwart on the hind Legs, juft fro n the Fet-
lock unto the end ofthe Curb ; and as the Pains are under the Fetlock^
fo the Scratches arc above the Fetlock, and do proceed' either from
dry melancholy Humours,, ingendrcd by outward Filth, or elfe by
fuming of the Horfe's Dung, lying eieher near or under him. The
Signs are, both the apparent Sight and the eafie feeling of the fame,
befide the ftarting, dividing, and curling of the Hair ; as alfo that the
Sorance will ftink much. The Cure is, according to the Opinion of
the old Farriers, To take, any of thofe former Medicines whatfoever,
vi^hich are already tecited, either for the Pains or Mules : Yet for your
more particular underftanding you fhall know, thefe Medicines are
moft proper for this Sarance : Firft, you fhall (have away the Hair,
and make the fore raw ; then take of Turpentine half a pound, of
Honey half a pint, of Hogs-greafe half a qaartern, and three Yolks
of Eggs, and of Bok-Armoniack a quartern, beaten into Powder, of
Bean Flower half a pint j mix all thefe well together, and make a
Salve thereof, and then with your Finger anoint all the fore place
dierewithj and let the Horfe corns in no wet during the Cure,
^. Other Farriers ufe (and fure it is the better Pradice) firft after
fhey haVe Ihaved away the Hair, and laid the Sore raw, to wafh it well
•vvith old Uf-ine very warm, then take black Soap, Muftard, and Vi-
rregar, of bach a like quantity, and mix therewith fome of ah Ox
Gall ^ then ftir them well together, and chafe and rub the Place there-
with, and bind thereto a Cloth, fo ufe it once a day ^ill it be whole ;
then after anoint it y^ith Neats-Foot Oil to fupple the Sinews again.
Othei^ ufe to take this fineft Hay, and burn i: to afhes upon a fair
Board;
2^4 Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II,
Board ; then mix it with Neats-Foot Oil, and make a Salve thereof ;
then rub the Sores until they bleed ; and then anoint them with the
Taid Salve, and rope his Legs, and keep them from wet. Others ufe
after they have walhed the Sore with old Stale, then to take a
quantity of flrong Muftard, Vinegar, Gray Soap, Barrows- Greafe,
and fome Quick-Silver ^ mix them together, and therewith anoint
the Sore.
Id* Other Farriers take a quantity of unflacked Lime, half fo much
Black Soap, and fo much of ftrong Vinegar as (hall fuffice to make it
like an Ointment -, then the Hair being cut away, and the Sore wafii-
ed with Urine, lay to this Ointment, renewing it not the fpace of
two Days, and it will kill the Sorance ; then wafti the Place once or
twice with warm Wine i then after heal it with Turpentine and Hogs-
Greafe molten together ; and in no wife let the Horfe come in any
wet. Others ufe after they have wafhed the fore Place with Urine,
and dipt away the Hair, and made the Wound raw, to take Butter
and Tar, of each alike, and boiling them together, anoint all the fore
Place therewith every Day *tiU it be whole.
Others take of Honey tmd Verdigreafe of each alike, and boil them
together until half be confumed, and then anoint the Sore therewith
once a day until it be whole. I> Others of our later Farriers ufe ei-
ther to fliave off the Hair, or fcald it off with Orpiment and unflacked
Lime boiled in ftrong Lye ; then wa(h it with warm Vinegar or White-
Wine, then when it is dry anoint it with this Ointment :
Take of OrpiKient one ounce, of Verdigreafe three ounces, of Soot
five ounces, a little unflackM Lime, and of Honey one pound ; mingle
them all well together upon a foft Fire, and being made like an Oint-
ment, ufe it as aforefaid once a day to the fore; or elfe take Honey,
Soap, Verdigreafe, unflackMLime and Vinegar, and boil them with
Allom, Galls, and Mail, *till it come to a Plaifter, and then apply it
unto the fore ; or elfe boil Sallet^Oil, with a little Suet and Soap, then
skim it, and take it from the Fire, then add an ounce of Quick-fUver
diffolved, two ounces of Verdigreafe, three ounces of unflack'd Lime,
and one ©unce of white Wax ; when all thefe are well mixt together,
and made into a Salve, then apply it once a day unto the Sore, until
•it be whole.
Other Farriers ufe, after they have fhaved the Place, to boil Vine-
gar and the skin of Lard or Bacon together ; apply that to theSore three
days together ; then take Lard, molten Lithargy, Maftick, Verdi-
greafe and Soot mingled together with Goats Milk, and lay it to, re-
newing it once a day until the Sore be healed. The fcraping of a
Pan s bottom, mixt with the inner Pills of Elder, are alfo good for the
Scratches j or new Man's Dung applied for five Days, and after anoint
the
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgiccd, ^^^
the Sore with Oil and Soap mixt together. Others take of .unflack'd
Lime, the Powder of Glafs, and of Verdigreafe, of each an ounce,
of Orpiment an ounce, of Oil and of frefh Gre^fe, of each four
ounces, mix all thefe well together, and apply it to the Sore until it
be whole ; if you take black Snails and Bur Roots and beat them to-
gether, it will alfo help this Sorance. Other Farriers take an ounce of
Soap, two ounces of unflack'd Lime, and as much Lye, or ftrong
Vinegar as will temper it, and fo drefs the Sore until it be whole.
Others take Fenugreek and beat it, three Oranges cut in Pieces, half
a pound of Sheeps Suet, new Sheeps Dung, boil all thcfe in the grounds
of good Ale, and then bathe the Horfe therewith as hot as may be ;
then Rope him up with Hay- Ropes, and fo let him ftand three Days,
then bathe him fo again.
^Cf^ Others take Hogs Greafe, Soap, Brimftone, Soot and Honey,
boil and lay them to cool ; you may alfo add Verdigreafe ; but before
you lay on this Ointment, fcrape the Scabs off, and make them bleed,
and rub them with Soap, Muftard, and Viaegar mixt together.
CHAP. CL A mofi certain and approved Cure for the Scratches.
QfCs^ A Fter you have cut away the Hair, rub ofFthe Scabs, and wafii
X\ the Sore with old Urine, Allom and Salt mixt together, and
applied as hot as the Horfe can fuffer it ^ then take the tops and tender
buds of Elder, and the green Briar Berries, and boil them in a Pottle
of new Wort, and put thereto good ftore of Allom, and with this hot,
wafii the Horfe's Leg once, twice, or thrice a Day ; and it is a certain
Cure.
CHAP. Cn. 0/ the Ring-hofte.
TH E Ring-bone is a Sorance, which appeareth above, upon the
Cronet of the Foot, being a certain hard Griftle growing fome-
times round about the fame. It proceedeth, as fome Farriers hold
Opinion, either from fome blow of any Horfe> or by ftriking the
Horfe's Foot againlt fome ftub or ftone, or fuch like Accident : But
furely I hold. That alfo it proceedeth from fome Imperfedion in Na-
ture, for as much as I have feen many Foals foaled with Ring-bones
on their Feet ^ thefe Ring-bones do breed a vifcous and flimy Hu-
mour, which reforting to the Bones that are of their own Nature, cold
and dry, waxeth hard, and cleaveth to fome Bone, and fo in procefs
of time becometh a Bone. The Signs of this Sorance are. The appa-
rent fight of the Sorance, being higher than any Part of the Corner,
the ftaring of the Hair, and the halting of the Horfe.
The Cure, according to ancient Farriers, is, Firft to fcarifie the^
skin above the Ring-bone with a Lancet ; then take a great Onion and
G g pick
2a6 Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib, II,
pick out the Core ; then put into ic Verdigreafe and unflack'd Lime,
then cover the hole, and roaft the Onion foft, then bruife it in a Mor-
tar, and fo very jfiot lay it to the Ring-bone ; do thus four Days toge^
ther, and it will dire it. Others of the old Farriers ufe, firft ro wafli
the Sorancewith warna Water^ and ftiave away the Hair j then fcari-
fie it lightly with the point of a Razor, fo as the blood may ilTue forth;
then drefs it with Cantharides and Euforbium, in fuch fort as hath been
taught for the Splent, ufing him, and curing him after the fame man-
ner i but when the Hair beginneth to grow again, then draw the Sore
Place with a hot Drawing-Iron in ftrait Lines from the) ■ gr^
Paftern down to the Coffin of the Hoof, in this manner :
And let the Edge of the Drawing-Iron be as thick as the
back of a Meat Knife, and burn him no deeper than that
the Skin may look yellow: That done, cover the burning'
with Pitch and Rozen rdolten together, and clap thereon Flocks of
the Horfe's own colour, and about three Days after lay again fome of
the laft mention'd Plaifter,'and alfo new Flocks upon the old, and
there let them remain *till they fall away of themfelves. Others ufe to
(have off the Hair, and tci fear ifie the Sore with a Lancet 'till it 'bleed ;
then ftrow upon itr; the Powder Of Tartar, and Salt, of each alike
mixt together, and: bind it ftrait^ then after anoint it with frefh
Greafe, or elfe foften the Ring-bone with the skin of old Bacon, the
fat being fcraped off,: that you may fee through the skin, and laid to
after it is Ihaven and niade bleed; after lance icj and let out the
Ring-bone. Others ufe to lance the skin witha Rfezor,othen. openr
ing the skin with a Cronet, prick the Ring-bone. Laftly, :ftrow
upon it the Powder of Vitriol, and bind it on fo as it may not ftir
in nine Days ; then thruft out the Matter which is diffolved : Laftly,
Wafti k with Salt, Urine, and Vinegar, mixt together. Qth^r Far-
riers do ufe after they* have (havedj to lay unto it a, Plainer made of
Bran an^ Honey, ;with the youpg Leaves of Wormwpo4j Pellitof^j
aii^ .Branki.Urfmp, mingled wit;h Swines Greafe, beat-en together,
apd boiledj-.and ufed as hot as the Horfe can luffer it. This Medi-
cine will not only qure the Ring-bone, but any other Swelling what-
fpever. Alfo a plaifterof the Leaves of Smallage beingbeaten to Pie-.
ces, is, not only good for this Sorance, butfor any Wind-Gall alfo. T^
wafli a Ring-bone contitiua^y with ftrong Vinegar wifl abate it; or
$:lfe to.{k:aye^.a,way. the Liair, and, take, half a temon and fprinkle
Arfnick thereon, and lay }t to the Ring-bone, and it will eat it
away ; if twice or thrice, a Day you bind a hard Egg burning hot
unto the Ring-bone, it will.take it away. Laftly, if you take Eu-
forbium, and mingle it withQil of Juniper, Salt, and Pepper, and
fo apply it to the Ring-ban^j il^wilt in a .very fhortTpace confume
r . ,- the
Lib. II. Of Cures Chymrgkd, 3^7
the Ring-bone quite away ^ always provided that you keep the Horfe
from any Wet during his Cure.
G H A P. cm. Of Hurts on the Cronet hy crojfmg one Foot upon
another,
IF your Horfe by eroding one Foot upon another> chance to Wound
or hurt the Cronet of his Hoof, you Ihall then, according to the
Opinion of the old Farriers, firfh wafli it well with White- Wine, or
with warm Urine, ajid then lay unto it the White of an Egg mixc
with Chimney Soot and Salt; and that, if it be renewed once a Day,
will in two or three Days dry up the Sore. Other Farriers ufe firft to
pare or cut away the Hoof that it touch not the hurt, and keep it
clean from Filth by wafting it with Urine ; then feethe two Eggs hard
and take off the Shells, then prefs them with your hand long, and
firft roaft one hot, and tie it hard to ; when that is cold, ufe the
other I after make a Plaifter of Soot, Salt and Oil boiled together,
and lay it to the fore, renewing it once a Day until it be whole.
C H A P. CIV. A mofi certain and af proved Cure for any Hurt
yd i.barnc upon the Cronet whatjee'ver.
T;^K E of Soap and Salt, of each a like quantity, and mix them
together like a Pafte, then having cut out the over-reach or
hurt, and laid it plain, Firft wafh it with Urine and Salt, or Beer and
Salt, and with a Cloth dry it; then bind on the mixt Soap and Salt,
not renewing it in twenty four hours, and thus do (if the Wound be
great) for three or four Days together; Then, having drawn out all
the Venom (as this Salve will quickly do) take a fpoonful or two of
Train-Oil, and as much Cerufe, which we call White Lead, and mix
it together to a thick Salve, then fpread that upon the fore, Morning
and Evening till it be whole, which will be cfFeded fuddenly; for
nothing doth dry up fooner, nor is more kindly and natural for the
breeding of a new Hoof.
CHAP. CV. 0/ the Crown Scab.
THE Crown Scab is a ftinking and filthy Scab, breeding round
about the Corners of the Hoof, and is a cankerous and painful
Sorance, it cometh oft-times by means that the Horfe hath been!
bred in a fenny marfti Ground, where the cold ftriking corrupt Hu-
mours up to his Feet, ingendreth this Sorance, which is ever more
painful in the Winter than in the Summer. The Signs are. The Hairs
of the Cronet will be very thin and ftaring like Briftles, and the Cro-
nets will be always mattering and run on Water. Now the Cure,'
according to the Opinion of many Farriers, is. To take the Skin of
G g 2 BacoQ,
2a8 Of Cures ChymrgicaL Lib. II.
Bacon, and lay thereon Soot and Salt beaten togetherj mingled with
Greafe or Suet, Wax, and Pitch molten together ; and if the Flefh
chance to grow proud, eat it away either with Verdigreafe beaten
to Powder, or with the fcrapings of a HartVhorn, or an Qjc-horn
made into fine Powder.
<§C1=* Other Farriers ufe to take of Soap, and of Hogs-Greafe, of
each half a pound, of Bole-Armoniack a little, of Turpentine a
quartern ; mix them well together, and make a Plaifter, and bind it
fall on, renewing it every day until it leave running ; and then wafli
ii; with ftrong-Vinegar being lukewarm, every day once, until the
Sore be clean dried up, and let the Horfe come in no wet until the
Sorance be whole. Others ufe only to bathe it continually with old
Stale fod with Salt, and that will dry upche Humour and heal i?., ^^ -u
CHAP. CVI. Of tJ,e -fitter, l^on^'ij!^:^:^^^
TH E Quitter-bone is a hard round Swelling upon the Cronet bF
the Hoof betwixt the Heel and the Quarter, and groweth mod
commonly on the infide of the Foot, it breeds molt commonly by
means of Gravel gathered underneath the Shooe, which fretteth in-
ward, and forceth an Ulcer to break upward; or elfe it cometh by
the cloying or pricking of fome Nail driven by an ignorant Smhh,
the anguifh whereof loofeneth the Griftle^ and fo breedeth evil Hu-
mours whereof the Quitter-bone fpringeth : The Signs are. The Horfe
will halt much, and the fwelling is apparent to the Eye, which in
four or five days cometh to a head, and will break out with Matter at
a little deep hole like a Fiftula ; and furely than this Quitter-bone there.
is no outward Sorance whatfoever more dangerous to a Horfc. The
Cure thereof, according to the Opinion of fome of the ancient Far-
riers, is, Firft to cut the Hoof to the Quick, then feethe a Snake or
an Adder till the Flefh part from the Bone, and be molten as an Un-
guent ; then anoint the fore place therewith very warm even to the
bottom, and during the Cure, keep the Foot clean from any Filth ;
for this both drieth and killeth the Quitter-bone, i^ Others of the
old Farriers, firft burn about the Quitter^ bone with a hot Iron in man-
ner of a half Circle, and then with the fame Iron draw ano- >^p^
ther right through the midft thereof in this fort; Then take f | A
of Arfenick the quantity of a Bean beaten into fine Powder, ^^^ -/ .
and put it into the Hole, thrufting it down to the bottom with'a, Quill,
and ftop the Month of the Hole with a little Tow, and bind it fofaft
with a Cloth and a P..owler, that the Horfe may not come at it with
his Mouth, and fo let it reft for that Day ; and the next Day if you fee
that the Sone looketh black within, then it is a Sign that the Arfnick did
work welli then to aUay the burning of it, Teat the hole with Flax
t dipt
Lib. IL Of Cures Chyrurgical, 0.IQ
dipt in Hogs-Greafe and Turpentine molten together, cover the Tent
with a Plaifter of Pitch, Rozen^ Wax and Turpentine molten toge-
ther, but there muft be as much Turpentine as of all the reft; and
thus you muft continue to do until you have gotten out the Core,
which the Arfnick did eat ; then you fhall lee whether the loofe Griftle
in the bottom be uncovered or not ,• and if it be not uncovered, then
feel with your Finger, or with a Quill whether you be nigh it or not ;
and if you be, then raife the Griftle with a little crooked Inflrument,
and pull it clean out with a pair of fir ail Nippers, or Mullets made for
thePurpofe; thatdone, thruftitagainwithafullTent, dipt in the afore-
faid Ointment, to affwage the anguilh of the lall dreffing, and ftop it
hard, to the intent that the hole may not fhrink together or clofe
up ; and the next day take out the Tent, and tent it anew with Kcncy
and Verdigrcaf^ boiled together till they look red, renewing it every
day once until it be whole, keeping always the Mouth of the Sore as
open as you may, to the Intent that it heal not up too faft, and let
>iiot the Horfe come to any wet> nor travel untill he be perfedly
whole. Other Farriers ufe to cut the Hoof open to the Quick ,• then
take Galbanum, Sagapenum, Pitch of Greece, Olibanum, Maftick,
Oil and white Wax, of each one ounce, with half a pound of Sheeps-
fuet, melt them upon a foft fire, and incorporate them well together,
and therewith drefs the fore Place until it be whole. Others ufe,
after the Sore is opened, to put in Salt of Tartar, and when it hath
eaten away the Quitter-bone, to heal it up with Honey and Verdi-
greafe boiled as aforefaid. Others, take of Goats-dung two ounces,
of Sheeps-tallow three ounces, and as much ftrong Vinegar as will
fuffice to boil them well in, and then therewith to drefs the Quitter-
bone until it be clean whole.
CHAP. CVII. 0/ Gravelling a Horfe,
G Ravelling is a certain fretting of Gravel, Sand, or Dirt, under
the Foot, betwixt the fole and the Ihooe, fomctimes on the in-
fide, fometimes on the outfide of the foot, and fbmetimes on both
fides of the Heel. It cometh, as I faid, by means of little Gravel-
ftones, getting between the Hoof, or calking or fponge of the Shooe,
which by continual Labour and Travel of the Horfe, doth eat through
the Hoof into the quick of the foot ; and the rather, if the Horfe 's
heels be foft and weak, or that the Shooe do lie flat to his foot, fo ai
the Gravel being gotten in it, cannot get out again.
The Signs whereof are thefe : The Horfe will halt much, and covet
to go moft on his Toe to favour his Heel, and the fofrer the way is,
the more is the Horfe's cafe. Now for the Cure, -according to the
old Farriers^ it is thus ; Fir ft pare the Hoof till you may fee the SorCj,
then
ago Of Cures CbyrurgicaL Lib. 11;
then take an ounce of VirginVwax and a quarter of an ounce of Rozen,
and a quarter of Deers-fuct, and half an ounce of Boars-Greafe, and
beat them all well together in a Mortar, and then melt them together
on the Fire ; that done, dip good ftore of Flax therein, and fo flop
up the Sore clofe and hard, and then y©u may travel the Horfe whi-
ther you pleafe ^ and do thus once a Day untill the Foot be found.
Others of the old Farriers ufe, Firft to pare the Hoof, and to get out
the Gravel with a Drawing-Knife, leaving none behind ; then flop
the fore place with Turpentine and Hogs-greafe molten together,
and laid on with a little Tow or Flax, and then clap on the Shooe, to
keep in the flopping, renewing it every day once until it be whole,
and fuffer the Horfe to come in no wet until it be healed. Now you
imuft underftand, That if a Gravelling be not well ftopt to keep down
the Flefh, it will rife higher than the Hoof, and fo put the Farriers to
much more pains both in bolftring it, and abating that ill growip
Subftance.
Others ufe only to pare the Foot, and pick out all the Gravel clean,
then wafh it well with Beer and Salt^ then melt into it Tallow, Ro-
zen, and Pitch ; then covering it hard and clofe with Flax, fet on the
Shooe again, and do thus once a Day. Others ufe, after they have^
cleanfed the Sore, to lay hards into it, being dipt in the Whites of
Eggs • then after heal it with Salt beaten fmall, and mixt with ftrong
Vinegar, or elfe with the Powder of Galls, Salt, and Tartar mixt
together, which alfo is good for any Cloying or Pricking.
CHAP. CVIII. Of Surhalting.
SUrbaiting is a continual beating of the Hoof againft the Ground,
and it cometh fometimes by means of evil Shooing, lying too
flat to his Foot, or by going long bare foot; and fometimes by the
hardnefs of the Ground, and the high lifting of the Horfe's Feet, ei-
ther in his trot, or in his amble ; and the Horfes which are moft fub-
jeA to this Sorance, are thofe which have either great round Feet, or
fuch as are flat-footed, the Coffins whereof are weak and tender, and
alfo thofe which have weak Heels. The Signs of the Grief are. The
Horfe will halt much, and go creeping and ftifF^ as if he were half
foundred.
The Cure according to the Opinion of the old Farriers, is. To roaft
a couple of Eggs exceeding hard, and then in the very Violence of
their heat, to burft them in the Horfe's Feet, and then pour hot boil-
ing Sallet-Oil amongft them, and fo flop the Shooe up clofe with a
piece of Leather, and two crofs Splents of Wood ; and do thus thrice
in one fortnight, and it will help him.
Othef
I
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL 251
Other of the Ancient Farriers take off the Horfe's Shooes, and pare
him as little as may be , and if the Shooes be not eafie, that is to lay,
long, largCj and hollow enough^ then make them fo, and tack them
on again with four or five Nails ; that done, flop his Feet with Hogs-
Greafe and Bran boiled together, fo hot as may be, and alfo cover all
the Coffin round about with the fame, binding all in together with a
Cloth, and a Lift fattened about the Joint, renewing it every Day
once until it be found ^ and give the Horfe during the Cure, warm
Water to drink, and Icthimftand dry, and not have much Travel.
83" Now if your Horfe furbait in your Travel, if every Night you
(lop his Feet well with Cows-dung, or with Cows-dung and Vinegar
it will make him endure out his Journey ^ or Cows-dung and new-laid
Eggs beaten together.
CHAP. CIX. Of the Prickle in the Sole of the Foot^ either by
treading on a N'ail^ or any other jharp thing.
F a Horfe in his Travel chance to tread either on a StubjNail_,Thorn,
^^ or any other fharp thing whatfoever, by means whereof he is
prickt in the fole of the Foot, the Rider (hall perceive the fame by
the fudden faultring of the Horfe, who will inftantly ftand ftill and
lift up his Foot, as defiring help : And if it chance at any other time,
then the halting of the Horfe, and the diligent fearching of a careful
Farrier muft find out the Mifchief.
Now the Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers,
is, Firft to pull off the Shooe, and pare the Foot, and with a Draw-
ing-Knife uncover the whole, making the Mouth fo broad as a Two-
pence ; then tack on the Shooe again ; that done, doft it by pouring
into the hole Turpentine and Hogs^greafe molten together, and lay
fonie Flax or Tow upon it, and then ftop all the Horfe*s Feet with
Cows-dung, and fo covering it with a piece of Leather, fplint it with
twocrofs Sticks^ fo as the flopping may abide in, renewing it every
day once until it be whole, and let the Horfe tread in no wet.
Now you muft be very careful in the curing of this Sorance ^ for if
it be not healed from the bottom, befides, that it is dangerous to the
Life of the Horfe, it is alfo a great hazard that the Sore will break out
at the top of the Hoof, and fo loofen the Hoof round about, and
perhaps make it to fall clean away ; but if you fee that it begin to break
out above, then make a greater iffue beneath, by opening the hole
wider, and taking more of the fole away, that the Flefh may have
the more Liberty ; then take of Bole-Armoniack half a quartern, and
of Bean-flower as much, and two Eggs ; beat them, and mingle
them well together, and make a Plaifter thereof upon Tow, and lay
it round about the Cronet, bind it faft on, and fo let it remain the
fpace
2^2 Of Cures Chymrgicd. Lib. IL
fpace of two days, and then renew it again, not failing to do fo every
two days, until you fee it wax hard and firm above ; for thisPlaifter
being reftridive, will force the Humours to refort always downward ;
which Humours muft be drawn out with Turpentine and Hogs-greafe
as before, until it leave Mattering, and then dry it up with burnt
Allom beaten into Powder, and ftrowed upon the Sore, with a little
Flax laid again upon that, continuing fo to do every day once until
it be hardned ; and let not the Horfe come in any wet until it be
whole.
Other Farriers ufe to tent the Sore with Tallow, Tar, and Turpen-
tine being molten together, and anoint all the Coffin and Cronet of
the Hoof with Bole-Armoniack and Vinegar beaten together, *till the
Sore be whole, efpecially if the thing which did prick the Horfe was
venomous or rufty.
CHAP. ex. Te draw out either Stuh, Thorn, or Iron, either
out of the Foot, or any other fart of the Body.
IF either the Stub, the Thorn, the Iron, or any thing whatfocver,
wherewith your Horfe is wounded, be gotten fo deep into the Flefti,
that you cannot get hold upon it to pull it out ; then according to the
Opinion of the Old Farriers, (if you find that altho' it be too deep,
yet it is not much too deep) you fhall take a good quantity of Black-
Soap, and lay it to the Sore for a whole Night, and it will make it to
appear, fo as you may pull it out with a pair of Nippers ; but if it lie
very deep, then you may open the Place with a Lancet, and thruft-
ing in your Mullets or Nippers, pull it out by ftrength, and afterwards
heal up the Wound as was before taught in the laft Chapter.
Other Farriers fay. That the Roots of Reeds being flampt and mixp
with Honey, will draw out any Stub or Nail ; fo will alfo black Snails^
being ftampt and wrought with frefli Butter. Now if the place be
much fwoln, then it is good to mollifie it with a Plaifter made of
Wormwood, Parietary, Bears- foot, Hogs-greafe, and Honey well
boiled and mixed together, which will affwage any new Swelling that
Cometh by Stripe, or otherwife. Now when you have gotten out
that which you fought for, then you fhall pour into the Wound fcald-
ing Oil of Olive ; when that is cold, pour into it as hot Turpentine;
when that is cold, flrow on the Powder of Sulphur, and then bolfter his
Foot or the Sor« with hurds, and keep it from all wet and filthinels.
CHAP. CXI. 0/ the Fig.
IF a Horfe having receiv'd any hurt, as is before faid^ either by Stub,
great Nail, Thorn, Bone, Splint, or Stone, either in the Sole or any
other part of the Foot, and be not well dreffed, and perfedly cured,
there
Lib. 11. Of C^res Chyrwrgicd. agj
there will grow in the Place a certain fuperfluous piece of Fleih like
unto a Fig, full of little White Grains, as you fee a^e in a Fig. The
Cure whereof, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, 15,
Firfl with a hot Iron to cut the Fig clean away, and keep the Flefti
down with Turpentine, Hogs-greafe, and a little Wax molten toge-
ther, and laid on with a little Tow, flopping the hole hard that the
Flefh rife not, renewing it once a day until the Sore be whole.
Qi» Now other of our later Farriers ufe after they have, as before
is faid, cut away the Fig, then to take the Crops of young Nettles,
and chopping them very fmall, lay them upon a Cloth juft as big as
a Fig ; then take the Powder of Verdigreafe, and ftrow it thin upon
the chopt Nettles, and fo bind it to the Sore, renewing it once a Day
until the Hoof have covered the Sore ; And this is a moft certair*
Cure.
CHAP. CXII. Of a Ritralt.
ARetrait is, when a Horfe by the ill Government of the Smith, is
pricked in the Foot with fome ill driven Nail, yet in fuch fort,
that it is immediately efpied, and the Nail drawn back again ; and al-
though it proceedeth ofreft from the Negligence of the Smith, yet it
may alfo come by reafon of the weaknefsof the Nail, and thehollow-
nefs of the Shank; for when the Nail is a little too weak, the point many
times bendeth awry into the quick, when it (hould go right forth j and
when it is hollow, it fhivereth in the driving into two Parts, whereof
one part razeth the quick in pulling out, or elfe perhaps breaketh afun-
der, and fo remaineth ftill behind. And this kind of pricking is the
worft of all other, becaufe it will rankle worft, in as much as the flaw
cankcreth, and remaineth ftill in the Foot. The Signs hereof are, Firft
the apparent fhrinking and ftrugling of the Horfe, fo foon as the quick
is touched ; and next, his much halting: Laftly, you fhall feaich his
Foot with a Hammer, by knocking on the Clench of every Nail ; for
when you knock upon that Nail where the Grief is, the Horfe will
Ihrink up his Foot ; and if that will not ferve, then grope the Foot
with a pair of Pinfons round about, until you have found the P'ace
grieved. Now the Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient
Farriers, is, Firft to pull off the Shooe, and then open the Place grie-
ved, either with a Butterifs, or with a Drawing-Knife, fo that you
may perceive either by feeling or feeing, whether there be any piece
of Nail, or not; if there be, then pull it clean out: After take of
Nettles half a handful, and bruife them in a Mortar, and put thereto
a fpoonful of red Vinegar, and a fpoonful of black Soap, and two
ounces of Boars-greafe, or the Fat of fait Bacon, and bray all thefe
well together, and ftop well the Hole of the Sore with this, and then
H h t^ck
5^4. Of Cures Chymrgical, Lib. II
tack on the Shooe again^ and you may fafely adventure to travel him;
Other Farriers ufe^ after they have opened the Sore to flop the hole
with Turpentine^ Wax, and Sheeps Suet molten together^ and fo pour-
ed hot into the hole ; and then lay a little Tow upon it, and clap on the
Shooe again, renewing it thus once every Day until it be whole; du-
ring which time, the Horfe muft not come in any wet, and it muft be
flopped in this (brt, though it be but a prick, without any piece of
Nail remaining ; and if for lack of looking to in time, this Retrait
caufes the Horfe to break out, then you fhall cure it either with a
reftriclive Plaifter of Bole-Armoniack, Bean-Flower and Eggs, men^
tioned in the 78ch Chapter, or elfe with chopped Nettles and .Verdi-^
greafe fpoken of in the laft Chapter. .•-••:.!
Now there be many Farriers, which not only for this Retrait, but
for any prick on the Horfe's Foot, ufe after they have laid open the
Wound, totakeof Turpentine one ounce, of Tar one ounce, of Pitch
one ounce, of Beef Suet one ounce, and one head of Garlick, boil
them all together, and lay them to it fo hot as may be fufFered ; and
if it chance to break out above the Hoof, then apply alfo the fame
Medicine unto ic, and it will cure it.
C H A P. CXIII. Of Cloying.
A Horfe is faid to be Cloyed with a Nail, or pricked with a Nail,
£\ when the whole Nail is ftricken into the quick of the Foot, and
fo reiuaineth ilili in the fame, and is clenched as other Nails be, by
means whereof the Horfe halteth extre:mily. Now this Grief is known
by iearching the grieved place with a Hammer or Pinfons, as is before
faid. Now for the Cure, according to the Opinion of the old Farri-
ers,'is thus: If the Horfe halt immediately, then pull off his Shooe, and
Open the Hole until it begin to bleed, and then ftop the hole with Tur-
pentine, Wax, and Sheep-fuet molten together, andpouied invery hot^
renewing it once a day until it be whole, and let the Horfe tread in no
wet; and let his Shooe be tacked on again as foon as he is drett. Others
ufe only to pour into the hole hot fcalding Butter, and that will heal it ;
or elfe to burn the hole with another Nail, and that will heal it. Other
Farriers ufe after they haveopen'd well the Sore, to takehalf a pound
of Frankincenfe, apcundof Rozen, a pound of Pitch of Greece^ half
a pound of Black Pitch, a pound of New Wax, a pound of Goats-
Greafe, half a pound of Varnifli, half a pound of Turpentine, two
ounces of Oil Olive, and melt them altogether, and lay this to the
Hoof Plaifter-wife, and it will not only heal any Prick whatfocvcr^
but alfo any cracks, chinks, or clifts in the Hoof, howfoever they
breed ; provided that you let the Horfe tread in no wet during the
Ciire; but if the fore chance to break out on the top of the Hoof,
f ^ sben
Lib. IL Of Cures ChjrurgkaL 135
then you fhall take two or three Yolks of Eggs, Whites and all_, beaten
together, and add thereunto an ounce of Bole-Armoniack, and as
much Bean or Wheat-flower as will thicken the fame : Then make a
Plaifter thereof two Fingers broad, and as long as will go round about
on the top of the Horfe's Hoof; bind it faft on with a Rowler, and
renew it once a Day until it be whole-
Other Farriers ufe, afcer they have fcarched and laid open the
Wound, to put into it hurds dipt in the Whicc of an Egg ; then flop the
hole with Salt beaten very fmall, mingled with Vervain and ftrong
Vinegar, and cover it with Flax dipped in ftrong Vinegary or elfe hold-
ing up the Horfe*s Foot, pour into the Wound hot fcalding Oil-Olive,
and when that is cold, pour in hot Turpentine, and that, being cold,
ftrow upon it the Powder of Sulphur, thenlay on the bolfter of Flocks,
then fliooe him, and keep him from treading in any wet.
Others ufe to take Tallow, the Powder ot" Sulphur, Mallows, and
very ftrong Vinegar ; boil them together until they be thick like an
Ointment ; thee lay the fame to the fore as hot as the Horie can en-
dure it, renewing it once in twelve hours till it be whole.
«3^ Others ufe to take of Honey and Vinegar, of each a like quan-
tity, a little Oil, and Suet of a He-Goat, boil them with a foft fire,
and ftir it; when it waxeth red, add Verdigreafe and Vitriol, of
each a like made into Powder, ftill ftirring it till it be thick and red ;
then ftop the fore every day therewith until it be whole, after you have
waflied it well with Salt and Vinegar. Others take Pepper, Garlick,
and Cabbage Leaves beaten with Swines Greafe, and lay that to the
(ore; or elfe take Tallow and Horfe-dung, and mixing them well to-
gether, ftop the fore therewith, and in ftiort fpace it will cure it.
m* Other Farriers ufe to rake off the ftiooe, and having open'd
the lore, to wafh it with Wine; then lay upon it the inner rind of
Elder, and through that melt in Greafe with a hot Iron ; then tack
on the fhooe again, and do thus divers days together ; and it is a
certain Cure.
CHAP, CXIV. General Ohfervatiom for the Feet and Hoofs
of a Horfe.
FOrafmuch as the Feet and Hoofs of a Horfe are the only Inftru-
ments of Labour, and that a fmall Grief in that part deprives a
Man of the Benefit and ufe of the reft ; I think it not amifs before I
fpeak of particular Difeafes of the Hoofs, to fliew you fome general
Notes and Obfervations which you ftiall obferve for the Benefit of the
feet. Know then, that firft it is meet that you !et your ftiooes be-
foj-e, be rather too Ihort than too long, with ftrong Spunges, but no
Cawkins, and your Nails to have fpecial good heads.
H h 2 Let
a 3 6 Of Cures Chyrurgicak Lib. II.
Let your fhooes behinU have no Cawkins on the oucfide ; but if he
emerfere, let the Cawkins be on the infide, to make him caft outward,
and let the infide of that fide inward have a Welt an Inch deep, or. be
twice as thick as the outfide; but if all this help not his enrerfering,
then bring him unto an Amble ; but if he will not Amble, burn him
with a hoc Iron between the Legs, that the forenefs thereof may make
him go wide behind, which is an ordinary Pradice amongft the Itali-
ans and Frenchmen.
Let your fhooes be made of Iron that will not break, of which our
Engli(his thebeft, the Sp-^nifh next, and thcDantzick worft. Let them
alfo be light, yet fo as they may be able to bear the Burthen of the
Horfe, being broader at the Toes,, than at the Cawkin or Spunges.
Let your Cawkins be fhort, and blunt at the Points,, and your
Spunges long and thick.
Let your fhooe be full as ftrait as the Horn of the Hoof, fo far as the
Nails go, and from the two Heel Nails backward, let the fhooe be
broader than tlie Hoof, that the fhooe may be without the Horn.
I> Give unto every fhooe nine Nails, on each fide four, and one
in the midft, and let thefhanks of theNailsbe very flat and thin, that
if the Hoof be naught, they may yet keep the fhooe firm with little
bold ; and the nearer that your Nails are driven backward towards the
Heel, (fo it be without danger) the fafter the fhooe will fit, and the
harder to be pull'd away.
Let your Cawkins fit a draws breadth behind the corner of the
Coffin, and let your Nail head enter into the fhooe, efpecially on
the outfide, and by all means hollow your fhooe fo little as poflible
you can.
Pare very little or nothing at all from the Heel of a H'orfe ; yet
open his Heels as fufficiently as may be, becaufe ever the Heel muJft
be thick and the Toe thin.
In fair ways pare the foal thin, but infrofl, or (tony ways, pare as
little as may be.
To conclude : When the Hoof is higher on the outfide than on the.
infide, it will make a Horfe enterfere ^ and when it is higher on the
infide, it will make a Horfe ftraddle, fo that a fair fmooth Table is of
all moft convenient. After Travel, ever flop the infide of the Hoof
with Cows-dung, and rub the outfide and the Cronet witha fward
of fat Bacon : For that will keep a tough, fmooth, and a found
Hoof. As your Nails have ftrong heads, fo let them have thin fhanks,
for that will beft prevent hurting, and keep the fhooe clofe unto
the Hoof,
C H A P.
Lib. H. Of Cures Chyrurgkd, a^J
CHAP. CXV. Of loafning the Hoof^ and Imv to make the-
;' Hmfs grow^
AHbrfe is faid to be loofned where there is a Diffolution or par-
ting of the>lorn or Coffin of the Hoof from the Fleflij at the
fetting on of the Cronet. Now if this DilTolution or parting be round
about the Cronet, then it proceedeth by means of fome Foundring^
but if it be hut in part, then it proceedeth from fome anguifli, cauled
either by the Pricking of fome Channel Nail, or other Nail piercing
the Sole, or Quarters ot the Foot; er by fome Quieter-bone, retrait,
gravelling, or cloying, or fuch like Accident. The Signs of the Di-
feafe be thefe : When it is loofened by foundring, then it will break
firfti and the.DIiTplution will appear on the fore-part of the Cronet,
right againft theTo^q, becaufe the Humour doth covet alwaystodefcend
towards the Toe j . but if it proceed from Pricking, Gravelling, or
fuch like, then the Hoof will loofen round about equally, even at
the firft ; but when ic proceeds from fome Quitter-Bone, or hurt from
the Cronet, then the Floof will break right about the place that is
offended,, and moft commonly will go no farther.
Now the Cure, according to the Opinion of t^e ancient Farriers,
is, of what caufe foever the loofening proceeds, firft to be fure to
open the Hoof in the Toal of the foot, io as the Humour may have
free PalTage downward -, and then to bind about the top of it the re*
ftri(ftive Plaifter Ipoken of in tlie 78th. Chapter, and in the iiyth^
Chapter, and in fuch fort as is there written ^ and then heal it up
with Turpentine and Hogs-greafe molten together. Others of the
ancient Farriers take three fpoonfuls of Tar, and a quarter of a pound
of Rozen, and a handful of Tanfie, and half a handful of Rue, and
half a handful of Red Mint, and half a handful of. Southern- wood,,
and bray all thefe together in a Mortar ; then add half a pound of
Butter, and a pennyworth of Virgins-Wax ^ then melt them all toge-
ther over the Fire, until it come to a thick Plaifter or Salve j then
fpread fome of it upon a Cloth, and lay it to the fore, renewing it
once a Day for feven Days, and it will heal it.
Others ufe to take the Brains of a Swine, or a Pig, and to flop his
Hoof very well therewith three Days together, renewing it twice or
thrice a Day, and" it will grow faft, andendureas well, or rather bet^
ter than ever it did. Other Farriers ufe to cut out the foal below
letting it bleed well \ after ftop it with hurds dipt in the Whites of Eg^s';
tie this to for twenty four Hours, then walli ic with ftrong Vinegar
warm, after fill it with Tartar and Salt, of each a like quantity ^ let
that remain two Days, then anoint it with the Ointment made of
Glibanum, Maftkk, Pitch of Greece, of each alike, and a little Sanguis
Draconiss
338 Of Cures Chyrurgkd, Lib. 11
Draconis, and of new Wax and Sheeps-Suet, as rauch as of the firft^
and melt and boil them very well together, and let this Ointment be
applied once a Day till the Sore be whole. But if you perceive that
any new Hoof come, then ciit away the old, left the hardnefs of the
one hinder the tendernels of the other; and then anoint the new
Hoof with Suet, Oil, and Wax, of each alike, boiled together, to
make it grow ; or elfe with the Pitch of Greece^ Maftick^ Olibanum,
Sanguis Draconis, and Galbanum of each alike, being molten with
Suet ; for this will make the new Hoof to grow alfo.
8^ So will alfo new Wax, Honey, Oil, Swines-greafe, and Sheeps
fued, being boiled together; and when it is cold, add Maftick,
Sanguis Draconis, and Frankincenfe, and incorporate them al! toge-
ther ; for nothing fooner than this will make either new or old Hoofs
grow. Others ufe to take Shell- Snails, and ftamp them and lay them
twice a Day to the Sore, and it will either faften the old Hoof, of
quickly bring forth a new. Now there be other Farriers, which firft
fill the fore with Turpentine, and after it has lain twenty four hours^
then wafh the Sore with Urine and Copperas- Water, then fill it either
with Verdigreafe, or wich Sheeps Tallow, Pitch, and Rozen boiled
together; in which, having dipt hurds, lay it to the Sore very hot
twice a Day till it be whole.
CHAP. CXVI. 0/ Cafting the Hoof.
TH E Cafting of the Hoof, is, when the whole Coffin thereof fal-
leth clean away from the Foot, which cometh of all the former
Caufes rehearfed in the laft Chapter, and is fo apparent to the Eye,
tha: it needeth none other Signs. Now for the Cure, it is thus : Take
of Turpentine one pound, of Tar half a pint, of unwjought Wax
half a pound, of Sheeps-Suet half a pound, and of Sallet-Oil half a
Pint; boil all thefe things together and ftir them continually until
they be throughly mixt together; then make a Boot of Leather, with
a ftrong foal fit for the Horfe's foot, to be laced faft about the Paftern;
then drefs his foot with the Salve aforefaid laid upon Flax or Tow, and
bolfter and ftop his foot with foft Flax io that the Boot may grieve him
no manner of ways, renewing it every Day once until the new Hoof
come ; then as the Hoof beginneth to harden, if it grow either thick,
crumpled, or out of order, with a fine Rape File keep it fmooth and
plain, until the Hoof be perfe^, and then put him to Grals, that
there it may take a kindly hardning and toughnefs.
CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cwe^f CljymrgicaL a 39
C H A P. Cy^l\''*6f the Hoof-hound.
THE Hoof-bound is nodiiiig elfa but a fhrinking in of the whole
Hoof inrheupperpartthereof, and at the heels, making the Skin
to Ita re above the Hoof, and to grow over the fame. It proceedeth
from keeping the Horfe*s Hoofs too dry in the Srable, or from ftrait
fhooing, or from Ibme unnatural heat after Foundring; and the Signs
of the Difeafe are; that the Horfe will, halt muchj and his Hoofs will
be hot ^ and if yop knock upon them wi:h a Hammer^ they ,will found
hollow like an empty Bottle ;■ and if both his feet be not Hoof-hound_,
then the fore foot will be ever the lelTcr; and you fhall alfo under-
ftand that this Difeafej of fomc Farriers^ /is called a dry foundring.
Now for the Cui-ethareiof, according, to the Opinion of th^^ancient
Farriers, it is thu§ ;- Take^ a Pound of the Sward of Baconj and a
quarter of a Pound ^of * White Soap, and a handful of Balm, and a
handful of Bay- Leaves, and four or five Branches of Rue, and {lamp
them well together; and thsn fry them, and lay them about the Cro-
netof the Hoof very hot, fuffering it To to. abide the fpace of five or
fix days, and then renew it; but in no cafe. lee him tread in any wet
place, aad this will help him.. , ' i
Others of the ancient Farriers ufe, .firft to pull off his iJiooes, and
to (hooe him with half Moon fhooes, called Lunets, or Lunet, the
ihape whereof you lliall fee in another place ; then raze both the quar-
ters of the Hoof with a Drawing-Knife, from the.Cronet unto the foal
of the Foot, fo deep that you may fee the Dew come forth ; and if you
make two Razes on each fide, it fhall be fo much the better, and en-
large the Hoof the more ; that dona, anoint all the Hoof above, next
to the Cronet round about, with the Ointment defcribed before, in the-
laft Chapter of Cafting the Hoof, continuing fo to do every day once^
until he begin to amend ; and let him be ridden upon fome foft ground
an hour or two every day once for the fpace of a Month ; and if he gc?
not well at the Months end, then take off the half lliooes, and pare
all the Soals, Fruflies, and all fo thin, that you may fee the Dew
come forth, and tack on a whole fliooe, and flop all the Foot within
with Hogs-greafe and Bran molten together, and laid very hot to the
Foot, renewing it every day once the (pace of nine days, to the intent
the foal may rife ; but if this will do no good, then take away the foal
clean, and clap on a whole (hooe, and f^op the Foot with Nettles and
Salt brayed together; yet ftop it not too hard, to the intent the fonl
may have liberty to rife; and let this be renewed every day once until
the foal be grown again ; and let him be fhod with Luner, and fo fent
to Grafs. Other Farriers ufe only to raife the Hoof from the Cronet
to the Verge of the Hoof in four or five places, and rub it twice or
thrice
o^o Of Cures Chyrurgicd. Lib. II.
thrice a day with Salc^ and that will open the Hoof. Others ufe only
to open the Horfe exceeding much at the Heels once a Week, a- J co
fliooe him with very wide open fhooes, and then for a Monctiorcwo
to draw him in fome Cart, that being forced to fet his Foot hard on the
Ground, he may thereby ftretch forth and widen his Hoof. Now to
prevent this Sorance, it is good to anoint his Hoofs with Neats-foot-
Oilj or Turpentine, and ftop them underneath with Cow-dung,
C H A P. CXVIII. Of the Runnings or Rettm Frufi,
TH E Frufh, which of fome is called the Frog of the Foot, is the
tendereft part of the Hoof toward the heel, and is faihion'd
like a forked Arrow-head, being only that part of the foot which
Farriers cut forth when they fay they cut forth the foal of theHorfe's
foot. Now this Frufh breedeth many times a Rottennefs or Corrup-
tion proceeding of Humours, which come out of the Legs, by which
the Leg is kept clean from Wind-Galls, and aH other Humours or
Swellings, by means that the Humours have Paflage that way j not-
withftanding the mifchief of this Sorance is greater than the Benefit,
becaufe it maketh the Horfe's foot fo weak and tender, that he is not
able to tread upon any hard Ground, The Signs of the Sorance are,
the Horfe will halt much when he travelleth either upon loofe ftony
Ground, or upon ItifF dirty Ways, and goeth ever beft upon green
Swarth ; but above all, he halteth mdff when the PaiTage of the
Humour is flopped with any Gravel gathered into theFrufti, and not
being ftayed or flopped, it will continually run, and ftink fo extream-
ly, that a Man can hardly endure the fcent of it; befides in fome
places it will lookiaw.
Now the Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers,
is thus : Firft, take off the Shooe, and pare away all the corrupt places
and make them raw, fo as you may fee the Water ilfue out of the raw
places ; then tack on the Shooe again, being firft made wide and large
enough; that done, take of Soot one handful, of Salt as much, bruife
them^vell together in a difh, and put thereto the Whites of three Eggs,
and temper them all together ; and with a litde Tow dipped therein
ilop all the Foot, and efpecially the Frufh, and Splent it in fo, as it
may not fall ouf, renewing it once a Day the fpace of feven Days,
and certainly it will cure him. Now during the Cure, the Horfe muft
reft, and come in no wet ; and at the feven days end leave flopping
him', and ride him abroad, and always when he comethin, let his fore
foot be clean waflied ; forthere is no greater Enemy unto the Sorance
than Gravel and Dirt. Others of our latter Farriers only take off the
Shooe, and pare him well, and keep the Sore clean both from Dirt
and his own Dung, by waftiing it three or four times a day with Urine,
and that only will cure him as well as any Medicine.
CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgtccd, ia\
C H A P. C5flIX. An appro'ved and certain Cure for the running
and rotten Frujh,
AFter the Foot is cleanfed^ take a quart of old Urine, and boil it
with a quarter of a pound of Allom beaten to Powder, and keep
it in a clofe VelTelby it felf ; then take a good handful or two of green
Nettles ftrong and keen, and (pread them on fome Plate or other VefTel^
and dry them either before the fire, or in an Oven after houfhold-bread
is drawn, then crulh and bruife them into a very fine Powder, then
look what quantity of Powder there is, and take the like quantity ot
Pepper beaten to as fine Powder, and mix them both very well toge-
ther, then keep this Powder in a clofe Gally-pot, or Bladder.
Now when you have occafion to ufe it, firft wa(h the fore place
^ith the Urine and Allom made very warm, and the Sores throughly
fcoured, after dry them well by drawing through them a fine Rag
of Lawn, Carabrick, or fine old Linen, and ftrow or pounce the
Powder upon them, fo much as may cover all the fores, and thus do
ever after Travel, as once a Day in the Time of reft.
CHAP. CXX. Of the Evil Hoofs.
HOrfes partly through a natural Inclination, partly through the
Stonincfs of the Soil wherein they are bred, and partly through
Mifchance or ill-government, will have ill-favoured and naughty
Hoofs, as cither wrinkled or crumpled, or elfe moulded awry, or fuch
like^ all which need no Signs, becaufe of the apparent Sight thereof:
Then to amend them, the beft Cure is, with a fine Rape File to fmooth
the wrinkles away, and to anoint the Cronet of the Hoof with a fat
fward of Bacon rubbed in Soot, then let the Horfe ftand for at leaft a
Fortnight upon his own Dung, whereon you fhall caft good ftore of
Water, only remove away the Dung every Night; and then prefent-
ly after the change of the Moon, (liooe the Horfe with ftrong ftiooes,
keeping the foal of the foot by paring, fo hollow as you can pofltble,
and it will fliape his Hoof to your pleafure.
CHAP. CXXL Of Brittle Hoofi.
IF a Horfe either through the heat of his own Nature, or in that
he hath been either heated on his Foot by labour, or foundred,
and evil cured, ftiall happen to have his Hoofs fo brittle and fliort,
that they will hardly bear a Shooe, the Signs whereof are, the Hoof
will be white and crumbling ; then the beft Cure, according to the
Opinion of the beft Farriers, is. To take Ox-dung and Vinegar, and
mixing them very well together, warm them on the fire, and fo bind it
both under and above round about the Horfe's foot, and then lace on
I i his
041 Of Cures ChyruYgkal. TLib.lI
his Boot of ftrong Leather, as is aforefaid in the Chapter of Cafiingof
the Hoof. Other Farriers ufe to let the Horfe fland upon his own dung,
and anoint all the upper part of his Hoof with the Fat of Bacon fod
and mixt with Turpentine ; and this you muft do every Day once till
you fee his Hoofs come to fome roughnefs.
Others ufe to take Turpentine, Hogs-greafe, and Honey, of each
alike , melt them well together, and being warm, anoint all the Hoof
therewith i then dip Tow therein, and fold it all about the Horfe's
Foot both under and above : and then put on his Boot, drsfs him once
a Day, and once in two Days_ let him ftand four hours without bis
Boot;, that his Hoof may grow as well hard as tough.
CHAP. CXXn. HovJ to prefewe Hoofs.
IF you mean to preferve your Horfe^s Hoofs, either from any of
the former Sorances, or any other Grief whacfoever, you fhali,
according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, Take three heads
of Garli'ck, a little bundle of Rue, fix ounces of Allom beaten into
Powder, two pounds of old Greafe, and the Dung of an Afs ^ boil
them all very well together, and (top your Horfe's Hoof therewith
once a Day. Other Farriers take of Vinegar a quartern, of Tar
half a pint, of Hogs-greafe half a pound, of Oil a pint, and a good
handful of Wormwood, and four or five heads of GarHck ; boil all
thefe together to a thick Ointment, and therewith anoint all the Horfe's
Hoofs. Others ufe to boil Beans till they burft, and then temper them
with Honey, and therewith anoint all the Hoofs ; or elfe wafh all the
Hoofs with warm Vinegar, and then anoint them with Horehound,
Wormwood, and Greafe molten together.
Other Farriers take of Olibanum, and new. Wax of each one ounce,
of Dialchea and Turpentine, of each three ounces, of Butter four
ounces, and of old Oil fix ounces, and of Sheeps-fuet and Plantane,
of each a pound ; boil them all well together, and therewith anoint
the Hoofs twice a Day. Other Farriers ufe to anoint his Hoofs with
Turpentine, Hogs-greafe, and Honey warmed and molten together,
of each a like quaritity ; then pare the Foot well, and lliooe him in
the New of the Moon two or three Days after the Change.
%3^ Others ufe to take Chalk and White Lead mingled other, or
elfe Bark- duft and Honey mixt together, and being heated in a Pofnet,
laid hot on the bare Flefli^ is moft excellent to make any Hoof
grow.
To conclude : If a Horfe ftand upon his own Dung, (being very
well watred) fo. he ^Q.notlie in it, ic is moft Sovsraign for the.prs-
fervins; of Hoofs, • v--> a\ . .^rh -i, ti ^: •
r GHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrufgicd, 24.2
CHAP. CXXIII. For any Hurt upon the Hoofs.
IF your Horfe fliall receive any hurt upon his Hoofs, either out*
wardly, or inwardly, as either by any falfe treading, or crofling
one Foot upon another, or by any bruife upon cogle Stone, Flint, or
fuch like, then for the Cure thereof, you fliall firft ftop the Hoof with
Honey and Vinegar mixt together, for the fpace of three Days at the
lea^ j and then afterwards with Leaves of Tamarisk well bruifed and
beaten together, until the Hoof be found again.
t> Other Farriers ufe only to ftop the H«of with Sheeps-greafe and
Horfe-dung mixt together, renewing it once a day until it be well.
CHAP. CXXIV. How to [often the Hoofs.
TH E Hoofs of Horfes will by long and dry ftanding upon dry
Plaunchers, grow fo hard^ that they will not be pared, nor cut
by any Butterifs i befides, they will fo take from the Horfe the fenfe
and feeling of his Feet, that he will go very ftifF and unnimbly :
Wherefore, when you fhall perceive any fuch defed, which is beft
kljown by offering to pare the Hoof, then prefently you fliall take an
ounce of Soap, two ounces of unflackt Lime, with as much ftrong
Lye as will make it foft like a Lenwick Salve, then with that, ftop the
Horfe's Feet daily till they come to a convenient Softnefs. Hot glow-
ing Embers put upon the Hoof will foften it.
CHAP. CXXV. How to barren Hoofs.
AS dry ftanding, and dry keeping doth harden the Hoofs too much,
fo wet and moift keeping, as continual going in marifli Grounds,
or continual ftanding either upon Dirt, or the Horfe's own Dung, or
too hot ftoppings will make a Horfe's Hoofs too foft; infomuch that
the Horfe thro' the tenderncfs thereof, will neither be able to gOj nor
bear any Shooe^ which you fliall perceive by the fofc and eafie cut-
ting of the Hoof. The manner then to harden and cure them^ is, ac-
cording to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, firft to burn an old
fiiooe foal, then feethe it well in Vinegar, and therewith bathe the
Horfe's Hoofs at leaft twice a Day, and it will harden them.
Other skilful Farriers ufe to take of the Powder of Galls, or Bran,
and of Saltj of each a handful ; boil thefe well in a Pottle of ftrong
Vinegar, and therewith bathe the Hoofs^ and in a fliort fpace it will
harden them.
CHAP. CXXVL Of the Malt-long of the Hoof \
TH E Malt-long, or as fome Farriers call it, the Malt-worm, is 'a
cankerous Sorance above the Hoof, juft upon the Crotiet, which
will break out into Knobs and Branches, and out of the fame. will run
I i a a
^4 ^ Of Cures Chyrurgkal. Lib. IL
a watrifti fharp Lye or Humour, which will venom the whole Foot|.
As for the Signs, they arc the apparent fight of the Sorancc, and the
continual running out of the thin Water. Now the Cure, according
to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is, if it be in the Summer-
time, to take Black Snails, and Bur- Roots, and. beating them well to-
gether, lay them unto the Sore, and renew them once in 24 hours.
But if it be in the Winter, then take the Scrapings of a Pans bottom,
or of a Cauldron, and put thereto a handful of the inner Green Bark
or Pills of the Elder-Tree, and having beaten them well together in a
Mortar, lay it unto the Sore, and renew it once a Day, and it will
heal it. Others ufe to take Garlick, Pepper, and Honey of each a.
like quantity, flamp them very well together, then anoint his Tongue,
with a little thereof, and then lay fome to his Patterns, aiid that, will-
cure the Sorance.
CHAP. CXXVII. How to skm any for£ Foot.
THere is nothing better to skin any fore foot, of what accident or
Sorance foever it proceed, then to take Turpentine fimply of
it felf, and therewith every Day to anoint the fore Foot, and it will
not only gather Skin but Hoof alfo, if it be in a Place where any
need requireth. Alfo White Lead, and Train-Oil beaten together,
will do the like.
CHAP. CXXVIIL OfGourdedor Swcln Legs.
TH E Gourge, or Gourded Legs, is an ill Sorance, being a grie=
vous-fwelling in the nether part of the Legs, proceeding either
from the melting of the Greafe by immoderate Labour, and then
wanting wherewith to void that Greafe out in Excrements, it falleth
down into the Limbs^ and there breedeththis Swelling j or elfe when
a Horfe is exceedingly heated, and then without care fet up, and tak-
eth cold, infomuch, that the Blood falleth down into his Legs and
there congealech and maketh his Legs to fvvell. To conclude: They
do fometimes proceed from hard beating in hard Ways, in the Summer^
time, which firftraifeth up Wind-Galls, and then thofe Wind-Galls of-
fending the Sinews, make them to fwell, and this is the worft Gourd-
ing, becaufe ever for the moft part, Lamenefs doth follow it.
The Signs are, the Horfe 's Legs will ever be moft Swoln when he
ftandeth ftill in the houfe, and leaft when he is in Travel, efpecially if
he travel in much Water j and the Swelling moft commonly is accom-
panied with fome fmall Scabs, and in the end it will break out into the
Scratches. The Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Far-
fiers, is,To draw him with a hot Iron a handful above the Knee, and
theti Rope his Legs with a foft Rope of Hay wet in cold Water, and
\ lee
Lib. IL Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 245
kt it fo remain a Day and a Night, and it will take away all the-
Swelling. Other Farriers take two pound of Nerve Oil^ t\vo pound
of Black-Soapj a pound of Boars grcafe, and melt and boil all thefe
'well together ; then ftrain it_, and fo let ic cool : Then when you have
any need, anoint and chafe the Horfe's Legs therewith, and to make
it fink in the better, anoint him firft with Nerve Oil, and hold a hot
Iron againft his Legs to make it melt ; then ufe the other Ointment
in the fame manner, which done, keep his Legs clean from Duft by
lapping a linnen Rowier about them.
^d^ Others of our later Farriers ufe to take up the Veins beneath
the Knee, and let him bleed well ^ then knit the Vein both above and
below, and then anoint his Legs with this Ointment : Take of Frank-
incenfe, Rozen, and frefh Greafe, of each a like quantity, and ha-
ving boiled them well together, ftrain it, and ufe it once a Day as you
fhall have ocaifion, and ic will heal any Gourge whatibever j only foe
the taking up of the, Veins, you may, if you will, forbear it ; for, if
it be not done with great Cunning, it will make the Horfe ftiiF evet
after. See farther in the new Additions, for any Strain general, No^
ted thus §c:f=* '<. ,;?-!.
CHAP* CXXIX. A certain and approved Cure for any Surdcd
or Swelled Legs f bywhat Accident foever.
FIrft, with a Fleam prick the fwell'd Parts • then take a pint of Wino
Lees, an ounce of Cummin-Seeds, and a handful or more of
Wheat-Flower, and boil them till they be thick, then apply this Poultis
very hot to the fwell'd Part, and renew it but once in 24 Hours, and
if this in two or three Days draw ic to a head, then Lance it, and
heal it either with a Plainer of Shoce- Makers Wax, or elfe wkh the
Yolk of an Egg, Wheat-Flower, and Honey beaten together to a
Salve.
But if it do not draw to any head, and yet the Swelling continue,
then take of Pitch a quarter of a pound, and as much Virgins Wax',
of Rozen half a pound of Juice of HylTop half an ounce, of Gal-
banum half an ounce, of Myrrh Secondary half a pound, of Bdellium ^
Arabicum half an ounce, of Deers Suet half a pound, of Populeon
half an ounce, of the drops of Storax half an ounce, boil all thefe to-
gether in an Earthen Pot, and after ic is cooled, take of Bitumen
half a pound, of Armoniack an ounce and a half, and of Coflus as
much, beat thefe into fine Powder, and then incorporate. them with
the other, and boil them all over again, which done, pour the whole
Mixture into cold Water, and then roll it into feveral Rolls Plaifter-
wife ; after fpread this Plaifter upon Sheeps Leather, and fold ic about
the. fweU*d Member, and this will botK affwage it, and give much
Strength
Of Cures Cbymrgical, Lib. II.
Strength to the Sinews. You Ihall by no means remove this Plainer fo
long as it will Hick on.
This Plaider is wonderful foveraign, and of a fingular uCc ; for the
Horfe that is continually kept therewith^ I mean, that hath it applied
to his Limbs, ever when he cometh from Travel, he (hall never be
troubled with fweil*d Legs, nor yet ever put out Wind-Gall.
8^ Now if you will neither go to this Coll, nor endure this Trouble,
yet would have your Horfe cured of his Infirmity, then know, there
is not any thing better, or more approved, than continually both be-
fore and after Travel, and in the Houfe many times in the Day, to
lave and wafh your Horfe's Legs, or other fwell'd Parts, with the
coldeft and cleareft Fountain- Water that you can get, and fometimes
let the Horfe ftand in fome cold running Stream the fpace of a quarter
of an hour or more, up to the Knees and Cambrels, but in any cafe
no farther
This Medicine, how poor foever it look, is of much Vertue, and
tho* I write of cold Water, yet is the Operation hot and fiery ; only
this you muft take to your Remembrance, that this Application apper-
tains not to Impofthumations, but unto Strains, Swellings, and Brui-
fes, which are without Anguilh.
CHAP. CXXX. Of the tarcy, or Fajhkm.
TH E Farcy (of our Ignorant Smiths called the Fafhions) is of all
outward Sorances the vileft, the mod poifonous, infedious,
and the moft dangerous, (being any whit negleded) or otherwife the
moft eafie, and with the leaft cod or trouble to be helpexl. It is a kind
of creeping Ulcer, growing in Knots, ever following . amongft fome
one Vein or other,' and fometimes amongft divers or fundry Veins, ac*
cording to the Strength of the Infections. It proceedeth fometimes
from corrupt Blood ingendred in the Body, fometimes from outward
Wounds or Hurts receiv'd by cankerous or poifonous Inftruments, as
rufty Spurs, rufty Forks, biting of Dogs or Horfes, biting of Ticks,
Hog Lice, or fuch like ; fometimes by the rubbing of Swine againft
the Legs of the Horfe^ or by lying in the Litter where Swine has lain,
or by interfering or hewing one Leg upon another ; but generally it
proceedeth from an evil habit of the Body, being furfeited by diforder-
ly and unruly Travel, whereby the Blood being heated, the Greafe
melted, and iudden cold taken, there groweth fuch Oblirudions in the
Blood, and fuch Putrefaaion in the Body, that can in no way evacu-
ate or void, but by thefe fmall Knots, Puftules, or Ulcers, which are
fo infeaious, that as many Horfes as do gnawr or gnap upon the Horfe
infeded, will within one Month have the fame Difeafe, or if the Horfe
infeaed do bite any other, he will-infea himalfo; and this Infeaion
without
Lib. H, Of Cttres ChyruYgkaL 24.7
without prefent Cure is Mortal, and will kill any Horfs : Therefore^
whenfoever you have any Horfe troubled with this borance,, fee that
you fepararehim from other Horfes to prevent the Danger.
Now for the Signs^ they are the appearance and palpable feeling
of the Knots, which Knots are never but accompanied with great
Swellings and Ranklings, running along as the Veins run^ and dividing
themfelves as the Br:-jnches of the Vein divide, the Number of the
Knots multiplying and increallng until the Body be univetfally cove-
red over, or elfe that the Number (if it be in a Member) be utterly
deformed and mif fliapen.
Now the Cure (according to the Opinion of the Ancient Farriers)
is, Firft let him Blocd on the Neck- Vein, and on both his Spur-Veins,
then give the Horfe ttvis Drink: Take a Gallon of Water, and put
into it a good hiandful of Rue, and a pound of Hemp- feed, both being
firft briiifedin a Mortar ; then boil them in Water till the one half be
confumed, and give the Horfs this to drink in the Morning fafting^
being cold, for divers Mornings together, and it will cure him.
Others of the Ancient Farriers ufe firft co let the Horfe Blcod in that
Vein where the Sor^^nce firft rifeth, as idgh the fore place as may be,
and let him bleed well-, then fire or cauterize every Knot one by one,
taking the Knot in your left Hand, and pulling it fo hard as you can
from his Body, to the intent yi u may the bcrrer pierce the Knot with
a round blunt hot Iron, of the bignefs of a Man's Fore- finger, without
doing the Body any hurt, and let the Matter our, lej^ving none un-
burned, being little or much ; that done, anoint every Knot fo burn-
ed, with Hogs-greafe warm'd every Day once unril the Cores be
ready to fall ; and in the mean time, prepare a good quantity of old
'Urine ; and when you fee the Cores ready to fall, then boil the
Urine, and put therein a little Copperas and Salt, and a few itrong
Nettles, and with that Water being warm, wafli out all the Cores,
and all the Corruption ; that done, fill every hole immediately with
the Powder of unflackt Lime, continuing thus to do every Day once
until the holes be clofed up ^ and if any be more rank than others, fill^
thofe with Verdigreafe ; and during this Cure, let the Horfe be thinly
dieted, that is to fay, with Straw and Water only ; unlefs it be now
and then to give him a Loaf of Bread, or a little other Provender ;
for the lower he is kept in Fleih; the fooner he will heal ; and in any
wife let his Neck either be yoaked in an old bottomlefs Pail, or elfe
fplented with Staves in fuch fort, that he may not come to lick any of
his Sores ^ and the lefs he hath, the better will be bis Amendment,
Now there be other later Farriers, which for the Sorance take a good
Quantity of Miftleto, Honey, and Black-Soap, and boil them
very well in old Urine, and being very warm, wafli your Horfe ali
over
■ II 1 1 » — — — —
2^8 Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. IL
over therewith, every Day once for the fpace of five orfix-Days, and
it will help it. Others ufe to cut the Horfe two Inches long down
the Forehead J and upon it on the midft thereof on both fides two
Inchesj and put thereto a Tampin made of the inner Rind of Elder
Bark which isgreen_, and look that it lye crofs the Cut ; for fo it will
deflroy all the venomous Humour in his Body ; and it will heal him
very perfe<5fcly, having been very often approved. Others ufe to take a
very Iharp Bodkin, and to thruft it crofs-wife through the nether part
of the Horfe*s Nofe, even through the fmall Griftle, fo that he may
bleed well ; or elfe to let him Blood in the Neck- Vein ; then feel the
KnotSj and as many as are foft, Lance them, and let them run •, then
take ftrong Lye, Lime, and Allom, and mixing them well together,
bathe all the Sore therewith, and it will cure him.
<§:3? Others take a Iharp Lance Knife, and in the top of the Horfe's
Forehead, fomewhat above his Eyes, make a long flit even unto his
Skull i then with a blunt Inftrument for that Purpofc, loofe the Flelh
from the fcalp a good compafs, then take Carret-roots cut into little
thin round Pieces, and put them between the Skin and the Skull ; or,
for. want of Carret-roots yon may take red Dock-roors, and fee that
they be a little beaten or bruifed before you put them in, and once a
Day fee that you thruft out the Matter but by no means thruft out the
Roots ; but if the Roots do not ftay in, then with a Needle and Silk
iHtch the Wound together that it may hold in the Medicine ; then
once a Day anoint the Wound with frefh Butter ; this is held a very
certain Cure for the Farcy ; for look how this Wound made thus fhall
rot, waft, and grow found, fo ftiall the Sorar.ce break, dry up, and
be healed; only the Fault of the Cure, is. That it will be fomewhat
long in healing, and is a foul Eye-fore until it be whole.
Now there be other Farriers, which, after the putting in of Roots,
as is aforeftid, ufe to burn all the fore Place round about with a hot
Iron ; and then with another blunt hot Iron as big as a Man's Finger
to burn the Sore in the midft till the white Matter come forth, then
with a pair of Pinions pluck out the Knots ; this done, anoint all the
ibre Place with Soap, and then drcfs him no more the fpace of four
or five Days, in which Time you muft prepare a good Quantity of
ftrong Pifs, with the which you muft wafli him every Day, the
Pifs being firft made fcalding hot, and rub the Sores well until they
begin to bleed ^ then having dried all the fore Places, throw on the Pow-
,^der.of unQackt Lime, or of Burnt Allom, which will heal better than
Lime. Now if you fee that in any of the Sores through negligent
drefling there rifeth proud Flefh high, that you cannot corre<it itfuffi-
i^iently with the aforefaid Powder, then you may burn any fuch place
fo fore or forer as you did at the firft, and drefs it as before. Now there
be
Lib. 11. Of Cures CbyrurgkaU 149
be other Farriers, which when they fee the Farcy to have been old and
long gone^ Snd that ic is h far entred into one Member or orher, that
the Member is disfigured, they will then firft purge the Horfe with '
fome firong Purgation^ of which you may find choice in a Chapter
before written ; and then under his Belly, put in one Rowei cirher of
Hair or Leather; or on the pitch of the Shoulder of his grieved Leg,
(if it be before) or elfe in the Stifling- Places ; if his Grief be behind'
put in another Rowel, and fo keep tbofe two Places together with
the ilTue in his Forehead open, until the Cure be finiflied \ then uith
another hot Iron burn all his Leg down with long Strikes, even from
the Body to the Hoof, not above an Inch one Strike from another, the
edge of the Iron being not above a Straws breath, and draw your
ftroke ever downward with the Hair, and burn him no deeper than
that the Skin may look brown. Now, when by this Pradice ycu have
cured the Difeafe ; if then the Meraber be unfafhionable, or by Swel-
lings out of all form, then you fliall lay unto the Member a Plaiiter
made of Wine-Lees, and Wheat Flower, and Rowl it wirh a wool-
len Rovvler, renewing it once in Twenty four Hours, 'till the Member
be aiTvvaged ; iind this Practice will heal any great fwell'd Leg, if it
be nppiied and continued with Patience ; but if by former Dr'eHings,
I'-urnings, Manglings, or Cuttings of fome ignorant Farriers, there
be any extraordinary, hard, or horny Subftance grown about the
Member, which the Plaifter aforefaid will not diilolve, then you
fhall take of Virgins-Wax half a pound, of Myrrh one pound, of
Raihns a pound of Gaibanum half a pound, of Coftushx ounces, of
Armoniack fixo.unces, of Swines greafetwo pounds ; put your Sv«/ines-
greale nrit in an earthen Pot, and having placed it in a broad Cauldron
full of Water, then make a fofc Fire under it, to the end that your
Water may boil, and when you do perceive your Swines greale is al-
moft melted, then fnall you put in all the other Simples,' except the
Coftus • and when they are all molten, which will ask five or fix Hours
boiling at the leaft ; then your ^: oft us, which is a white Root, being
beaten into nne Powder, yuu fhall add to the aforefaid things afrer it
is taken from the Fire, and incorporate them ail very well together ;
then make a Plaifter thereof upon a piece of Sheeps LeatherVlome-
what bigger than the Sore, and this Plaifter without renewing, will
ferve for at the leall Thirty Days, with a very little rcfrefliing, only
you muft once a Day take it oft', and rub his Leg very well for fear it
itch, which may caufe the Horfe to beat and ftamp with his Foot, and
fo rather increafe than decreafc the Swelling • and you muft regard,
that -5 ou do not Rowl him too ftrait, for that is mcft hurtful. Irftiall
not be amifs now and then to ride him into the Water, and walk him
nn hour after, then bringing him into the Stable, rub his Leg well ;
K k then
1 c^o Of Cures Chyrurgkal. Lib. II.
then warm hisPlaifter over a Chafing-difh of Coals^ and fo lay it to
again : And this Pra<5fcice in two or three Months will take away any
Deformiiy of Swelling^ be the Member never fo uncomely.
Now there be other Farriers^ which for this Farcy, if it be but
young, and efpecially if it be about the Head or Face of a Horfe,
will take only of Aquavitae two fpoonfuls, of the Juice of Garlick
two fpoonfuls I and of the Juice of Rew^ or Herb of Grace, two
fpoonfuls, mix them well together, then take Plegants or round Balls
of Flax, and fteep them therein, and then flop them hard into the
Horfe's Ears ; then take a Needle and Thread, and ftitch the tips of
his two Ears together, by means whereof, he cannot fhake out the
Medicine, and ufe the Horfe thus three feveral Mornings together,
and it will kill the Farcy, as hath been often proved.
<F Other Farriers ufe to take Drag-worts, or Groundfel, and beat
it well in a Mortar with white Salt, and then flop it hard into the
Horfe's Ears, and fo either ftitch them together, or with a broad Incle
bind them up, renewing it once in Fourteen Hours for three or four
Dreflings, and it will heal any reafonable Farcy.
Others ufe to anoint all the Sores either with Tanfey and Verjuice
boiled together ; or elfe with Boars-greafe very hot, and that will kill
it. Others ufe firft to wafti the Sores with old Urine, then take the
Powder of Glafs, Brimftone, and Hogs-greafe wellftamped and beaten,
together j then opening and flitting the Knots, anoint them all there-
with, and it will cure them immediately. Other Farriers ufe to let
the Horfe Blood, if it be at the beginning of the Difeafe, or elfe not ;
and then to burn all the Knots as is aforefaid, and then to heal the
burnings with Tar, Oil, and Honey mixt together, and give him with
u pint of Malmfey, two or three fpoonfuls of the Powder Diapente ;
or elle give him four ounces of the Powder of Wall- Wort, or Dan-
Wort, with a pint and a half of Malmfey three Days together ; after
that, take an ounce of Aloes, one ounce of Centaury, one ounce of
Opoponax, beat them all into fine Powder, and give them him to
drink in a pint and a half of Malmfey warmed, wherein the Roots
of the aforefaid Herb called Wall- Wort, or Dan- Wort, have been fod-
den '. Ufe to ride him often until he fweat, and when the Difeafe is
killed, turn him to Grafs ^ for running in the open Air is very whol-
fome.
There be others which take Black-Soap, Arfnick, unflackt Lime,
Verdigreafe, and Red Lead, work all thefe well together, and open-
ing the Knots, drefs them therewith till you fee them begin to dry
up and die. Others open the Knots with a hot Iron, and then take
Black-Soap and great Bay-Salt beaten together, and half To much as
of themj of Verdigreafe, and boil the Verdigreafe with frefh Greafe,
and
Lib. II. Of Curds Chyrurgtcal, 1 5 1
and then take a Saucerful of Muflard, and put them all together^ and
drefs the Sores therewith.
There be others that take three ounces of Quickfilver, and put ic
into a Bladder, wich two IpoonfuiS of the Juice of Oranges or Lem-
monSj and fliake them together to cool the QuicklUver ; then take
half a pound of frefh Hogs-greafe, and Verdigreale an ounce; put
all thefe in a trend Difh,, and work them well together; then anoint
the Knots with this Ointment till they rot : Then let them out with a
fharp Knife^ and anoint them ftill, and put into his Ears the Juice of
Ragweed, and the. Sores will dry up. This Medicine is very well
approved. Others take black Soap, Muflard made of Wine Vinegar,
and Red Lead ; mix all thefe together, and anoint the Vein all along-
holding a hot Iron clofe to the Sore, to make the Ointment ftrike in,
and do thus once a Day until the Sores dry up. Other Farriers take
the Juice of Hemlock a good quantity, and dipping Tow therein,
ftop his Ears therewith ; then open all the Knots and thruft in Salt.
Laftl}', give hira to drink fweet Wort mixt with Fennel and Treacle.
Other Farriers take the Butter Bur, and being dryed and beaten to
Powder, ftrew it upon the Knots after they have been opened, and
then give two or three fpoonfuls of the f-me Pow'der wich a Pint of
Malmfey to drink, and it will cure the Farcy; and it is alfo exceed-
ing good for all manner of Ulcers ; the Root is ftrong in fmell, and
bitter in tafte.
Others take Sulphur, Orpiment, unflackt Lime, and mixing them
together, put it into the Knots, and it will kill the Farcy ; which
done, anoint him with Bole-Armoniack made into Powder, and incor-
porated wich ftrong Vinegar, the Juice of Houfleek, and of white
Leeks and Solatro. Other Farriers, after they have let the Horfc
Blood, will boil in Vinegar, Bean-flower and Swines-Greafe, then
add a pretty quantity of Oil, and then ftrain it, and then add one
part of Aloes and two of Brimftone, and boil it a little; then being
warm anoint all the fore Places therewith, or elfe anoint them twice
a Day with the Juice of Smallage, and the Yolks of Eggs beaten
together.
There be other Farriers which take two ounces of Oil de Bay,
one of Euforbium, and two ounces of Arfnick, and mixing them to-
gether, anoint the Sores therewith, and it will kill the Farcy. Now
after all thefe many Receipts, of which not any but have been approved
to be very good, yet thefe two which I fhall now rehearfe, 1 have
ever found to be the moft excellent for any manner of Farcy what-
foever, whether it be (as our fimple Smiths term it) a dry Farcy, a
wet or watry Farcy, or a running Farcy, all being indeed but one
Farcy, and proceeding from one Caufe ; only fome Horfes not having
K k 2 fuch
'2s:i Of Cures Chyrurgkal, Lib. 11.
iuch Flux of Humours in them as others have, the Knots will be un-
willing to break ; then, fay they, it is a dry Farcy. Others of the
contrary part will break as faft as the Knots arifej and run filthy Mat-
ter, then they call it a vvatry Fi^rcy. Others will fpread in many
parts cf the Body, yet not break, but as it were move betwixt the
Skin and the Flefh, but that they call a Running Farcy.
Now all thele are but one Farcy, and have Ijut'one certain Cure,
which is this : Firft, with diligent heed mark upon what principal
Yeincf the Horfe's Body the Knots do arife, and note how they fpread
and run, then if the Farcy be divided into fundry Branches, accord-
ing as the Vein doth divide, you fliall take the laft Knot of every
Branch, which for the m.oft part will be hard, and not come to rotten-
nefs; and then flit them, and fill them with your Knife's point full of
whire Mercury ; then thofe which you find to be rotten, let the Mat-
ter forth, and anoint them with black ioap and Mercury mixt together;
then within a Day or two you fhail fee thofe which you drefs with
Mercury fimple, to have their Cores fall out; and the reft which you
, drefs with black Soap will dry up ; Then anoint them all with freili
Butter molten till thev be whole,' Now if you perceive any new
Knots to arife, then you fliall drefs them likewife with Mercury
fimple, as was faid before, and not leave any uncured. Now if the
Farcy be not very contagious, but as it were newly begun, then if you
only take Black Soap and Mercury, asbeforefaid, and anointing your
Finger and your Thumb therewith, do but nip and bruifc every Knot,
and within two or three days after they will dry up and heal. But if
the Farcy be foul anddefperate, that is to fay, either univerfally fpread
over tl-te Body, or fo gotten into any Limb or Member, and the Limb
is deformed, and hath loft his Proportion, fo that a Man can neither
judge which way the Veins run, nor in what part the Knots are moft
Venomous, becaufe that healing one, two new ones will arife.
I> In this fame Cafe you fnall ftrft give your Horfe a ftrong Scour-
ing or Purgation, according to the ftrength of his Body, of all which
a pint of Muskadine, or a quart of ftrong Ale, with half a pint of
the Oil of Oats, is the moft Soveraign ; then you fhall take a penny-
worth of Tar, and two good handfuls of Pigeons dung, and twelve
pennyworth of White Mercury ; mix all thefe very well together,
and make them into a Salve ; then with a flice daub it all over the fore
place, leaving no part of the Member uncovered ,• then heating a Bar
of Iron red hot, hold it fo near that it may dry the Salve upon the Sore;
then lay more frefli Salve on, and dry in like manner, and fo let it reft
until it fall off, and it will kill any Farcy whatfoever, at the firft or
ifcond drefling. There be others which will ftop the Knots with the
Powder cf VerdSgreafe and of Arfnick mixt together, or elfe wafh
the
Lib* If. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL 352
the Sores with Aqua-fortis j but they are .neithef To good as the other
before rehearfed.
CHAP. CXXXI- Of the Canker in any fart of the Bair.
A Canker is a poifonous creeping Ulcer^ fretting and gnawin^j the
Flefli a great breadth^ whofe Beginning is Knotty, not much
unlike to the Farcy, and fprcadeth it felf into divers Places ^ andbeln'^
exulcerated, gathereth together at the length into one Wound or filthy
Sore, from whence there runneth a thin Aarp Lye, which gallerh off
the Skin wherefoever it goes, and io both encreafeth the Ulcer,
and maketh it more incurable. It proceedeth from melancholy and
filthy Blood, ingendred either by rankneis of keeping, or elfe by too
extream Poverty; and if this naughty Blood be mixt with fharp or
fait Humours, then it caufeth more painful and grievous Exulceratfon.
It alfo may proceed from fome I.oathfome Wound, which is neither
clean kept nor well dreft, but in fuch fort, that the corrupt jMatter
thereof poyfoneth the other clean parts of the Body. For Signs of
this Sorance, there needeth no more but the Defcription already menti-
oned: And for the Cure, according to the Opinion of the' ancient
Farriers, it is, Firft to let the Horfe Biood in thole Veins which are
next the Sore, and make him bleed well,- then take of Allom half a
pound, of Green Copperas as much, of White Copperas one quartern
and a good handful of Salt, boil all thefe things together in fair running
Water, from a Pottle to a Quart; and this Water being warm, wafh
the Sore therewith with a Clout, and then Iprinkle thereon the Powder
of unllackt Lime, continuing fo to do every Day once the fpace of fif-
teen Days; and if you fee that the Lime do not mortifie the rank Flefii
and keep it from fpreading any further, then take of Soap half a
pound, of Quickfilver half an ounce, and beat them together in a
Pot till the QHickfilver be (o well mingled with the Soap, as you can
perceive no Quickfilver in it ; then with an Iron Slice or Splater after
that you have wafned the Sore with the ftrong Water aforefaid, 'cover
the Wound with this Ointment, continuing thus to do every Day once
until the Canker leave fpreading abroad: And if it leave fpreading
and that you fee the rank Flefii is well mortified, and that the Edges
begin to gather a Skin, then after the wafhing, drefs it with Lime as
before, continuing fo to do until it be whole ; and in the drefling, fiiffer
no filth that comes out of the Sore to remain upon any whole Place
about, but wipe it clean away, or elfe wafh it away with warm Water •
and let the Horfe during this Cure, be as thinly dieted as may be, and
throughly exercifed. Now if this Cankerous Ulcer happen tobe in
the Tail ot a Horfe, as it is often feen, and which you fhall perceive
as well by the tailing away of the Hairs, as alfo by the Wound, then
** you
TTSTrTli I ' r 1.1 ■
154 Of Cures Chyrurgtcal. Lib. II.
yea iliall make a Bolftcr of foft Cloth or Spunge^ and wet it with
Vinegar both within and without^ and fo'bind it on fail to the Sore;
and 'always when it waxes dry^ you niuft we: it again ; do thu6 twice
or thrice 3 Day, if in be done ottner it is better ; lb fhall you continue
for three or four D'^ys^ and then heal up as you heal an ordinary
Wound ; ihat is^ with Hogs-greafe and Turpentine molten together^
or iuch like. There be other FanierSj which for the Canker on the
Body do cake an ounce of the Juice of the Root of Affedely, three
ounces of unfiackt Lime, two ounces of Orpiment, and Arfnick, put
this in an earthen VelTel clofe ftopt, and either boil or bake it in an Ovea
till it come to a Powder, then hrft wajQi the Sore with (Irong Vinsgar^
and after f^rew this Powder thereon. Others 'ufe to take Garlick, and
beat it in a Mortar with Swines-greafe till it come to a Salve, and then
having waflit the Sore either with Vinegar, AUciTi-water, Copperas-
Water, or old Urine, anoint it once or twice a Day with it till it be
whole. Other Farriers take the Herb Mullain, andbruifeit, and mix
it with Salt and Verdigreafe, and drefs the Sore therewith Morning and
Evening for the fpace of three or four Days ; then ufe the fame Salve
again as long wichouc Verdigreafe ; then laitly ufe the Herb alone ; but
if at any time you fee it do begin to wax raw, then begin again, as is
aforefaid, and ever before you anoint, waih it firft with Vinegar and
Greafe mixt together. Others take Savin, Bay-Salt, and Rue, ftampt
with Barrows- greafe, and anoint the Sore therewith, and when the ill
Humours are kill'd (which you (hall know by the Whitenefs) then
heal it with Tar, Oil, and Honey mixt together.
§> Laftly, (and which I hold the beft) take Vinegar, Ginger, and
Allom, and mix them together till they come to a Salve, and with it
anoint the Sore, and it will both kill the Poyfon, and heal the Ulcer,
CHAP. CXXXII. Of the Fifiida.
AFiftula is a deep, hollow, crooked, mattering Ulcer, and for
the moft part, commonly a great deal ftraiter at the Mouth
than at the bottom, being ingendred in fome Wound, Bruife, Sore or
Canker, not throughly healed- The Signs to know it are. The hol-
lownefs of the Sore defcending downward from the Orifice, and the
Thinnefs of the xMatter which ilTueth from the fame; befides, the
crookednefs which you fhall find in the Ulcer, when you fearch it.
Xf" Now for the Cure, according to the Opinion of the Ancient
Farriers, it is thus: Firft fearch the bottom thereof, with a Goofe or
Swan's Quill, or with a fmall Rod well covered with a fine Linen
Cloth i and having found the bottom thereof, cut it fo large with a
Razor, that the Matter may have free Palfage downwards ^ but t,«kc
heed in Lancing it, that you Cut not any Matter Sinew, 05 main
Tendon ;
Lib. 11. Of Cures ChymrgicaL 155
Cendon ; then having ftanched the Blood either with Swines-Dung,
or fuch like^ Take of good Honey a pint, of Verdigreafe one ounce,
and boil them well together upon a foft Fire three quarters of an hour,
then having cleanfed the Sore by tying a Tent of Flax or fine Linen
Cloth to the point of your Quill, with a thred draw it fofdy inci5 the
Wound • then cut off your Quill or Feather fo long that you may
take good hold in the nether end of the Tent, which then fliall come
out at the bottom of your Sore , then dip another Tent in the afore-
faid Salve, and then with a Needle and Thred m:^ke faft your Tent
to your firft Clout, at the upper end thereof, then draw out your ftrfk
Tent downward, fo fliall you draw your Tent with the Medicine eafily
into the Wound, and your firft Tent will have cleanfed the Sore very
clean ; and if the Matter do abound much, then it (hall be good to
drefs him twice a day ; but you muft not drefs him with this Medicine
no more but one day, and afterwards you fhall drefs him with this
Medicine following- Take of Turpentine, of Swines-greafc, of
Honey, and Sheeps-fuet, of each a like quantity, and melt them to-
gether, and make ? Salve thereof, wherewith you fhall drefs your
Sore four Days, for one Day that you drefs him wich the former Me-
dicine made of Honey and Verdigreafe ; and take heed that you make
your Tent of very foft Linen Cloth, and fine Flax ; and let not your
Tent be too big after the firft and fecond time drefling j but prcfently
after the firft drefting, you muft cover the fore place, and round about
the fame, with this Poulris here following.
Firft, Take two Gallons of fair Water, and having boiled and
fcum'd it fo long till you have perfeAly cleanfed it of all Corruption,
then take two or three handfuls of Mallows, and as much of Violet-
leaves, and two or three of Oatmeal, and having boiled all thefe three
things well in your former prepared Water, you fhall add thereto of
Hogs- Wort, and frefli Butter, of each a pound ; then fliall you let it
boil fo long till it become thick, like Pafte or Pap, and then apply it
hot to the Sore, and take heed that in opening this Sore you let not
any hair ftrike into it j and on the other fide, that you keep it riot hot :
and if this Fiftula be in the Horfe's Withers, you muft take heed that
you tie his Head to the Rack, fo as he may neither lye down, nor
put his head lower than his Manger : For if you fuflPer him to feed
on the Ground when he hath any grievous Sore in his Withers, it fliall
hardly be poflible ever to cure him : but if you perceive the Wound
to heal apace, and that it matter but a little, then fhall it be enough to
drefs him once a day ; and alfo it fliall be good. Take great heed, that
you make not your Tent too big, and fee that you ufe your Poultis til!
it be perfectly cured. Now there be others of the ancient Farriers,
which ufe for this Cure, Firft to fearcb the Depth of the Fiftula either
with
Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. 11 •
with a Quill, or with fome other inftrument of Lead^ which maybe
bow'd every vv^y^ for unlefs you find the bottom of it, it will be
very hard to cure; f?nd having found the bottom,, if jt be in luch a
place 'AS you may boldly cur and make the way open with a Lancec
or Razor, then make a flitrightagainft the botcom. To wide^ that you
may thruft.in your Finger to feel whether there be any Bone, or clfe
Gfidle periOied, or fpongy^ or IooreFlefh_, which mufi be gotten out;
und-then tent it with a Tent of Fiax dipped in this Ointment: Take
of Myrrh^ of Aloes^ and of Sarocolhi^ of each one ounce, of good
Honey fix ounces^ and of Verdigreafe two ounces ; and melt all thefe
on a gentle Fire^ and make them into a Salve, then being lukewarm,
drefs the 1 ent there wirh, and boliier the Tent with a Bolfter of Flax,
and if it be in fuch a Place as the Tent cannot conveniently be kept in
wich a band, then fallen on each fide the hole two ends of a Shooe-
maker's Thred right over the Bolfter, to keep in the Tent, which ends
may hang tliere, as two Laces to tie and untie at your Plcafure,, re-
newing the Tent every Day once, until the Sore leave mattering, and
then make the Tent everj' Day leffer and lefTer, until it be whole :
ioryou fliallunderftand, that this Salve doth purge this FifFula of Putre-
fa<5i:ion, incarnateth and bretdeth Flefh, conglutinaceth and cateth
:iwav all naughty Flefh. Now when you have done as aforefaid, then
you ftall clofe it up by fprinkling thereon a little unllackt Lime ; but
if the Fiftula be in fuch a place- as you can neither cut againft the
bottom nor tie the fame, then there is no Remedy, but every time you
drefs it, to pour into it either through fome Quill, or by Ibme fmall
Squirt or Syringe fome ftrong white Copperas- water, or lome Allom-
water, fo that it may go dovv'n to the bottom, and dry up the hlthy
Mattery and this you may do twice a day at leaft until it be whole.
Now there be of our later Farriers, which ufe this Cure, after they
have fearched the Fiftula to thebottom. To take a pottle of White-Wine
Vinegar, of Camphirehalf an ounce, of Mercury precipitate halt an
^^uncQ, of green Treacle three ounces, of Red-Sage an handful, of
yarrow and Rib- wort of each an h:Tndful, of Honey half ;y pint, of
l;aars-greafe half a pint, boil all thefe together till a quart be confumed,
and with this you fhall wafh and cleanfe the Wound. TThen to heal
up the fame, you fliall take Oil of Rofes, Virgins- Wax and Rozen,_
of each, a like quantity, of Turpentine five ounces, of the Gum of
Ivy and Deers-fuet as much, boil thefe together unto a Salve, and
then drefs the Sore therewith until it be whole ; obferving ever, both
in this Cure, and all the reft, that as foon as you have put in your Tent
to clap aPlaiftcr over it of Pitch, Rozen, Maftick, Turpentine and
Hogs-greafe molten together, which will both comfont the/Wound by
.takinp-'away evilHumoiirs, and alfo keep in the Tent from falling out.
'^ Now
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical, 2^1
Now if the Fiftula b^ in or about the head of the Horfe, then you fliall
take the Juice of Houfleek^ and dip therein a Lock of Wool, and put
k into the HoiTe's Ears, and it will ftay the Inflammation ; but if it be
exulcerated and broken, then you fhall cut away all the rotten and falfe
Flefh, and then bathe it well with the Grounds of Ale mide warm,
and then wipe the Blood clean away; then take Butter, Rozen and*
Frankincenfe a little, and boil them all together, and boiling hot pour
it into the Wound, and then clap on the Plaifter ; do thus once a Dav
till the Horfe be whole. Now if there be any Inflammation behind
the Horfc's Ears, or that it grow to any Impcfthumation in that place,
then you fhall boil the Roots of Mallows in Water till they wax tender
then bruife them, and ftrain out the Water clean, and being warm'
apply it to the Sore, and it will heal it.
There be other ancient and skilful Farriers, which for the general
Fiftula ufe for a prevention thereof, to take Honey and Sheep-fuer,
and making it fcalding hot, to fcald the Sore extreamly therewith upon
the firft Swelling, and it will keep the Fiftula that it fhall not breed ;
but if it breed, then you fhall lance it in the nethermoft parr, and
put into it as much Mercury Sublimatum as a Pea, being firft abated
with Sallet-Oil, and laid on with a Feather; after that_, take of Ver-
digreafe four pennyworth, of Vitriol a half pennyworth, of Red-
lead three p€;nnyworth, beat thefe together, and tvery Day wafh
the Wound with Copperas-Water, made with Copperas and Elder
Leaves in Summer, and with the inner Green Bark in Winter- after
the wafhing, take the Powder, and put it on the Sore, and after it
drop on a little Oil.
f^ Other Farriers rake the outermoft Green Shells of Wallnuts
and put them in a Tub, ftrowing three or four handfuls of Btiy-Salt upon
them, fome in the bottom, fomein themidft, and fome on che top, and
fo keep them all the Year; and when you will ufe them, take'a pint
of them, a little Bay-Salt, and half a quarter of a pound of Black-
Soap, with half a fpocnful of May-Butter, (and for want thereof,
ocher Butter) and mix and incorporate rhem together ; and then fpread
it on the Sore, or tent the Sore therewith ; but two Hours before ycu
lay it on, anoint the Place with Venice Turpentine, and do thus tili
the Fiftula be whole.
Other Farriers take Unguentum iEgypti-^cum, which is made of
Honey a pint. Vinegar half a pint, Allom a quarter of a pound, and
Verdigreafe one ounce and a half; and feethe them all together till
they be thick, and of a tauny colour; this is calle 1 yEgypriacum, and
to make it the ftrongeft way, is to put in of Mercury Sublimatum one
ounce made into Powder, and of Arfnick two Scruples, and boil it
together; with either of thefe, efpecially the ftronger, drefs any
Fiftula, Canker, or foul old Ulcer whatfoever, and' it will kill it ^
L I and
2cg Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. II.
and the weaker of thefe^ which wanceth the Mercury and the Arf-
nick^ may be applied to the Fiftula in the Mouth of a Horfe. Other
FHrriers rake of' Sublimatum made into Powder one ounce, the midft
of well Leavened Bread flack baked, three ounces, of Nenin ten
drams- mingle them together with a little Rofewater, and make
Tents 'thereof, and dry them upon a Tile, and at your Pleafure tent
your Fiftula therewith, and it will alFuredly kill it. Others take flrong
Lye, Honey, R-Och-Allom, and Mercury, and feethe them together,
and 'fquirt it' into a Fiftula, and it will kill it at the bottom, and
when you mean to dry up the Fiftula, take red Wine, Goats-dung,
and Bean-fiower, and feethe them together, and apply it to the
Fiftula, and it will dry it up.
Now if you intend to fmk down the Swelling of a Fiftula, firft: of
ail fear it with a Drawing-Iron in this Proportion t > and then take
Rozen Sheeps-Suet, andBrimftone, and boil them together, and lay
it upon a Fiftula very hot with a Cloth, and it will fink down the
Swelling. It is alfo moft excellent to take away a Wind-gall, if it be
laid on after the Wind-gall is prickt, but not too hot, but veryrcafo-
nable, and it will keep it alfo very clean.
IS" There be other Farriers, which for a Fiftula take Verdigreafe,
Butter and Salt melted together, and pour it fcalding hot into the Sore ;
and ufe this till all the Flefti look red ; then tent it with Verdigreafe,
burnt Allom, Wheat^flower, and the Yolks of Eggs well beaten and
mingled together ; laft of all, skin it with Barm and Soot mixt together.
CHAP. CXXXHL A rare and true approved Medicine t& cure any
Fififda, or hollow Imp ofi bum at ion whatfoezfer.
TAke a pint of the ftrongeft Vinegar, and being hot upon the fire,
mix therewith the Lome of Clay- Wall, which hath not any Lime
in it, but by no means do not pick out the chopt Straw or Hay that is
in the Lome, but boil them all together till it come to a Salve; then
bein^ reasonably hot, fpread it all over the fwell'd Place, and over
everv part which you fliall feel hard- and you fhall thus do twice a
Day^ and it will not only ripen and break the hollow Ulcer, but alfo
fearch it to the bottom and heal it. This Medicine cureth any fore
Back whatfoever, how grievoufly foever, either gall'd or bruifed.
CHAP. CXXXIV. Of the Ambury.
AN Ambury is a great fpungy Wart full of Blood, which may grow
upon any part of the Horfe's Body, chiefly about the Eye-brows,
Koftrils, or Privy-Parts, and it hath a Root like unto a Cock's- ftone.
Now the Cure, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is,
Firft to tie about with a Thred or Hair, fo hard as you can pull it, and
the Thred will eat in by little and little, in fuch fort as within feven or
eight Days it will fall away of it felf j and if it befo flat, that you can
bind
Lib. II. 0/ Cures ChyrurgioaL sen
bind nothing about it, then take it away with a fharp hot Jronj cut-
ting it round about, and fo deep as you leave none of the Root behind
and then dry it up with the Powder of Verdigreafe : but if it grow in
fuch a finewy ph-icc as it cannot be conveniently cut away wirh a hot
Iron, then it is good to eat out the Core with tho Powder of Rofalgar,
or Mercury, and then to (top the hole with Flax, dipt in the white of
an Egg, for a day or two ; and laltly, to dry it up with the Powder
of unilackt Lime, and Honey, as is before taught. Other Farriers,
inftead of tying the Wart with a Thrcd, do tye it with fomc Horfe^
hair ; and that is a great deal the better, and it will rot it off fooner
and fafter.
CHAP, CXXXV. Of the Cords.
TH E Cords is a certain String which cometh from the Shackle- vein
to the Griftle in the Nofe, and between the Lip, the Length of
an Almond i or there be two Strings like Threds, which lye above the
Knee, betwixt the Knee and the Body, and go like a fmaJI Cord
through the Body to the Noftrils, making a Horfe to ftumble much,
and fometimes to fall alfo^; and it is a Difeafe very much incident to
many young Horfes, The Signs are, an apparent ftiff going, and
much {tumbling, without any outward or vifible Sorance ,• the Cure
is, according to the Opinion of our ancient Farriers, To take the
€nd of a crooked Hart's horn that is fliarp, put it under the Cords,
and twine it ten or twelve times about, till the Horfe be conflrained
to lift up his Foot ; then cut the Cord afunder, and put a little Salt in-
to the ilFue, or cut it firlt at the Knee, then at the end of his Nofe,
and fo draw it upward a fpan length, and cut that off. Other Farriers
let the Horfe Blood in the Vein that defcendeth in the infide of the
Leg, bycheBreaft, and take away at leaft a Pottle of Blood, and after
feven Days wafh him with Beef-broth, and it will heal him.
Other Farriers take Muftard, Aquavita:, and Sailer-Oil, and boil
them on the Coals, and make a Plaiftcr, and bind to a place that is
grieved, and it will heal him.
Others take the Grounds of Ale,and being made warm, bathe his Legs
therewith, and then rope them up with wet Hay-ropes^ and it will
make the Horfe perfectly found.
CHAP. CXXXVL Of the String-halt.
THE String-halt, of fome called the Mary-hinchcho, is a fudden
twitching up of the Horfe's hinder Legs, as if he did tread up-
on Needles, and were not able to endure his Feet upon the Grour 1 ;
The Signs whereof be an apparent ill-favoured manner of halting mofl
vifible to the Eve ^ and the Cure is. To take up the middle- Vein'^above
the Thigh, and underneath the fame; then under the f^id Vein there
lieth a firing, which ftring muft be cut away ; and then anoint him
with Butter and Salt, and he will both do well, and kO well.
L 1 2 CHAP.
ido Of Cures ChymrgicaL Lib. II.
C H A P. CXXXVII. Of a Horfe that is S^ur-gaUd.
F a Horfe by the Indifcretion of an Evil Rider, be Spur-gall'd,
jg^ which is a Difeafe moft plain^ both to be felt and ^ztn j then the
Cure is, either to bathe it with Urine and Salt mixt together, or
with Water and Salt, or with warm Vinegar, or elfe bind unto the
Place the Crops of Leaves of Nettles iiamped ^ and any of thefe will
cure him.
C 'H A P. CXXXVIII. Of Wounds in general.
TTTOLinds, according to the Opinion of all Farriers, is a Solution,
*» DJvifion, or parting of the whole; for if there be no fuch So-
lution, or Diviiion, then it is rather called a Bruife than a Wound ; and
therefore. Wounds are moft commonly made with (harp or piercing
Weapons, and Bruifes with blunt Weapons: Notwithftanding, if by
fuch blunt Weapons any part of the whole be evidently broken, then
it is to be called a Wound, as well as the other, and thefe Wounds do
proceed from fome rtroak, prick, or violent Accident. Now of
Wounds fome be hollow, and fome be deep and hollow : Again, fome
Wounds chance in fiefiiy Parts, and fome in boney and hnewy Places;
and thofe which chance in the tiefhy Parrs, though they be very deep,
yet they be not fo dangerous as the others, and therefore I will fpeak
firft of the moft dangerous. If then a Horfe have a Wound newly
made, either in his Head, or in any other place which is full of Sinews,
Bones or Griftles, then according to the Opinion of the moft Ancient
Farriers, you fhall firft wafh the Wound well with White- Wine warmed,
■ and keep it ever whilft you are in drefTing it, covered with Cloths wet
in warm White- Wine; that done, you fliall fearch the bottom of the
Wound with a Probe or fmall Inftrumentof Steel made for the Purpofe,
fuffering the Wound to take as little Wind or Air as you can pofTible :
then having found the depth, ftop the hole clofe with a Clout until your
Salve be ready: Then take of Turpentine, Mel-rofatum, Oil of Ro-
les, of each a quartern, and a little unwrought Wax, and melt them
together, ftirring them continually, that they may be well mingled-
together ; and if the Wound be a Cut, make an handlbme Roll or round
Plegant of foft Tow, fo long and fo big as may fill the bcttom of the
Wound, which for the moft part is not fo wide as the Mouth of the
Wound, then make another Roll or Plegant fomewhat bigger, to fill
up the reft of the Wound, even to the hard Mouth, and let both thefe
Rolls be anointed with the Ointment aforefaid, made lukewarm : only
this you muft ever obferve, that if the Wound be long and large, that
then it is beft, if you can conveniently, to ftitch the Wound together
with a fine Needle and a Crimfon-Silk ; for that will make it heal the
fooner, and make the Scar lefs. But if the hurt be like an hole made
with fome Prick, then make aftift" Tent either of Tow or Lint^ fuch
Lib. IL Of Cures ChyrurgkaL 261
an one as may reach the bottom^ anointed with the aforefaid Oint-
ment, and boliter the fame with a liEtle Tow ; and over both this and
the other, or any Wound whatfoever, as foon as your Rowels, i^leg-
ants or Tents are puc in, you fliall clap a flicking Plaifter mi-tde of
Pitchj Rolin, Maftick and Turpentine, melted together^ as hath been
before taught, both to keep in your Salve, and to comfort the Sore.
Now if the Mouth of the Wound be not wide enough, fo as the Mat-
ter may eafily run forth, if it be i , fuch a place as you may do it with-
out hurtirig any Sinew, then give it- a pretty flit from the Mouth down-
ward, that the Matter may have the freer Paflage ; and in any wife,
have an efpecial regard that the Tent may be continually kept in by
one means or other, and alfo that it may not be drowned within the
Wound, but by tying fome Thread about the upper end thereof, fo
kept, that it may be taken out at Pleafure. Now if the hole be deep,
and in fuch a place as you may not cut it, then make your Tent full as
big as the hole of a dry Spunge that Was never wot, lb long, that it
may reach the bottom ,* and the Tent being made fomewhat iull, with
continual turning and wrying of it, you fliall eafily get it down, and
then drefs the Wound with this twice a day, cleanfing the Wound eve-
ry time with a little White-Wine'lukewarm ; for the Spunge anointed
with the Ointment aforefaid, will both draw and fuck up all the. filthy
Matter, and make it fo far within as is pofiible ; and as it beginneth to
heal, fo make your Tent every day lelfer and leller, untilit.be ready to
clofe up : and never leave tenting it, folong as it will receive a Tent,
be it never i^o fhort ; for hafty healing of Wounds breedeth Fiftulas^
which properly be old Sores, and therefore muft be healed likeFiftulas.
Now if the Wound proceed from any ancient Impofthumation, then
you fhall take two or three great Onions, and taking out the Cores,
put therein a little Bay-Salt, and a little whole Saffron, and fo roaft
them in the hot Embers ; then Plaifter-wife lay them all hot on the
Wound,' renewing it once a day till the Wound be h£a,led. Now if
the upper Skin of the Wound be putrefied, and you would have it
away, then make a Plaifler of Cows-dungfod in Milk, and clap it to
for four and twenty Hours, and it will leave nothing vile about the
Wound. Others ufe generally for any Cure whatfoever, to t;ike a
quarter of a pound lof Butter, of Tar and Black Soap, of each half
as much, and a little Turpentine : boil all but the Soap together, then
when you take it off the Fire, put in the Soap^ and with this Ointmenc
drefs and cut, and it will heal it.
^ Other Farriers ufe only to take Hogs-greafe and Venice-Turpen-
tine, and to melt them together, and it will heal any Wound. Other
Farriers take eight Drams of Turpentine, four drams of new Vireins
Wax, melt them in a pewter VelTel, and l^ir them well together, and
when they are v/ell meked and mixed^ take.them from, the Fire, and
^7:
6 a Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. 11.
by and by whi'ifl they behor^, pour into them half a pint of White-
Wine, then afier they be cold, throw away th^Wine,, and anoint
your Hands with OU of Roles, and work the Wax and Turpentine
well togerh^r* after that put them into the pewter VefTei again, then
put to them half an ounce of the Gum of Fir-tree, and three drams of
the Juice of Betony, then feethe them well together until the Juice of
Betony be wafted, dien put to it three drams of Woman's Milk, or the
Miik of a red Cow, and feethe them once again until the Milk be
waited ; and then put it in a clofe Pot or Glafs, and with this drefs any
Wound v/hatfoever, and it will heal it. Others ufe to take Rofemary,
and dry it in the Shadow^ and beat It to Powder, then wafh the
Wound with Vinegar, or the Urine of a Child, and drew thereon the
aforeHiid Powder, and it will heal an indifferent Wound.
Other Farriers take Wormwood, Marjoram, Pimpernel, Calamint,
Olibanum, bcac them all into fine Powder, then take Wax andBarrows
greafe, and boil them on a foft Fire until they be as thick as any Oint-
rnent or Salve ; wich this drefs any Wound and it will heal it. Others
life to take the tops of Nettles, Butter, and Salt, and beating them well
in a Mcrtar till they come to a Salve, and it will dry and heal a Wound.
Now the Powder of Honey and Lime, or Turpentine fimply of it felf,
will dry up and skin any Wound. Take Turpentine, Honey, Hogs-
greafe. Wax and Sheeps-fuet of each alike -j melt them well together
to a Salve, and they will heal any Wound. Now if a Horfe be gored
upon a Stake then you fhail caft him, and pour into the Wound But-
ter fcalding hot, and fo let him lie till it be gone down into the bot-
tom ; and do thus once a day till the Wound be whole. If you defire
to keep a Wound o^ en, put into it the Powder of green Copperas, and
h will do it -J but if you intend to heal it fpeedily, then Wheat-flower
•and Honey well beaten together to a Salve will do it, drefling the
Wound once a Day therewith.
CHAP. CXXXIX. Of an Hurt with an Arrow.
IF a Horfe be fhot or hurt with an Arrow, tent rhe Hole only with
Hogs-greafe and Turpentine molten together, and rcnev^ it once
a Day until the Wound be whole.
CHAP. CXL. Of the healing of any old Sore or Ulcer^
OL D Ulcers or Sores are of three kinds ; the firft deep, hollow
and crooked, and they be called Fiftulas; the fecond bro:^d and
ihailow, bui moft fpreading and encreafing; and they be called Can-
iers j and ihs lait broad, deep, black about the fides and bottom, yet
not much encreafing, although not at all healing, and the- be called
old Sores or Ulcers: They proceed either from fome great Bruife,
Wound or Impofthume, which is either venomed or Mbufed in heal-
ing by contrary Salves i or through the Flux and Abundance of Hu-
mours
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL 365
mours flowing down to thofe Parts, through the Negligence of a mofl:
unskilful Farrier. The Signs are, the long Continuance of the Sore,
the thinnefs of the Matter which ilTueth away, and the biackncfs of
the Sore^ which is ever full of Iniiammarion.
Now for the Cure according to the Opinion of the mofi ancient
Farriers, it is thus j firft cleanfe the Sore well with \Vi',ice-wine^ ths'i
take Copperas, and the Leaves of Lilies, beat rheni well in a Mortar
with Swines^greafe, till itcometo a perfc<ft Salve, and lay it uponthe
Sore with Flax, and then cover it with a Plaifter as in cafe of \^'ounds,
and renew it once a Day, and it will heai it.
Other Farriers take Lime, and tough Horfc-dung^ and mix it very
well together with Pepper, and the White of an Egg, and lay it to the
Sore, renewing it once a Day, till the Ulcer be cured.
Other Farriers ftrow upon the Sore the P. vder of Galls, and that
will dry it up.
Others fcald it once a day with hot Oil-Olive, and that will heal it.
CHAP. CXLL A mcfi certain and approved Cure for the healing
of any old Ulcer wbatfoever.
TAKE Maflick, Frankincenfc, Cloves, green Copperas, and
Brimftone, of each a like quantity, or Myrrh, double fo much
as of any one of the other; beat all to *Powder, then burn it on a
Chafing-difh and Coa!s» but let ic not flame ; then, as the Smoak ari-
fech, take a good handful of Lint, or fine Hurds, and hold it over the
Smoak, fo that it may receive all the Perfume thereof into it; then^,
when it is throughly well perfumedj put the Lint or Hurds into a very
clofe Box, and fo keep it.
Now when you have occafion to ufe it, firfl wafii the Sore with
Urine or Vinegar, made warm, then dry it ; and laftly, lay on fome
of this Lint or Hurds; and thus do twice a Day, and it is a fpeedy
and moft infallible Cure.
CHAP. CXLIL Of Brtiifings or Sli^ellings.
AL L Bruifings and Swellings come unto an Horfe, either by Acci-
dent, or by fome blow, rufh, pinch, or outward venoming ; or
elfe naturally, as thro* the Flux of Blood, or thro' the abundance of
Wind. The Signs are the fightly Appearance, in what Place or Mem-
ber foever they be : And the firl\ which are thofe which come by Ac-
cident, are properly called Bruifings, or Swellings ; and the other, if
they do rot or corrode, and fo turn to Matter are called Impofthumes.
Now for the general Cure of any Bruife or Swelling, according to
the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, it is thus; Take of dry Pitch,
of Gum, of each an ounce ; of Galbanum, of Lime, of each four
ounces, of Biiuinen two ounces, of Wax three ounces; melt and boil
them v:ry well together, then anoint the fore Place therewith once a
Day, and it will heal it; But if the Swelling proceed only from fome
Bruife,
a6^ Of Cures CbymrgkaL Lib. II •
Bruife^ Rufli, then you fliall take two pints of Verjuice, one pint of
Barm, and putting a little fine Hay thereto, boil them very well to-
gether, then bind che Hay to the Swelling very hot^ and after pour on
the Liquor: Do thus three or four Days together, and it will take
away the Swelling.
Other Farriers cake the tops of Worm- wood, Pellitory of the Wall,
Brank^ Urfine, beat them well together with Swines-greaie^ then feethe
them ; then add a pretty quantity of Honey, Linfeed-Oii and Wheat-
Meal ; then ftir it over the fire, till all again be fodden together ; then
lay it to the fwelHng, andr^newit once a day, tillthefwellingbe gone.
Other Farriers ufe firft to prick the fwelling with a Fleari, then
take of Wine-Lees a pint, as much Wheat-flower as will thicken ir,
and an ounce of Cummin, boil them together, and lay thisfomewhat
warm unto it, renewing it every Day once, until the Svyelling eicher
depart, or elfe come to an head ; which if it do not, then lance it and
heal it according to a Wound.
Other Farriers take of Rozen, of Turpentine, and of Honey, of
each half a pound, diitolve them at the fire, then f^rain them, and
add of Myrrh, Sarocol and the Flower of Fenugreek, and of Lin-
feedj of each an ounce, incorporat-e them all together, and then
make it thick like a Salve with the Meal of Lupins, and lay it to the
Swelling, and it will alTwage.
Other Farriers take of Galbanum, and of Cerus, of each an ounce,
of Oil two ounces, and of Wax three ounces, mix them together over
a foft fire ; and when they are brought to a Salve, then lay it to the
Swelling, and it will afTwage it.
If vou take only rotten Litter, or Hay boiled in ftrong Urine, and
apply ic daily unto any Swelling, it will take it away. Now if the
Swelling be upon the Legs, and come by any Strain, then you fliall
take of Nerve-Oil one pound, of Black-Soap one pound, of Boars-
greafe half a pound, melt and boil them all well together, then ftrain
Tr and let it cool; then when occafionferveth, afioint and chafe your
Horfe's Legs therewith^ holding an hot Iron near thereunto, to make
the Ointment enter in the better; then rope up his Legs, and keep
them clean from dui^ or dirt. But if the Swelling be upon any part of
the Back or Body, then take of Honey and Tallov*^ of each alike and
boil them together, then fpread it on a Cloth and lay it on the fwoln
place, and let it there Hick till it fall away of it felf. Now if the
Swelling proceed from any windy Caufc, and fo. appear only in rhe
Horic's Belly, then you fhall take a fharp pointed Knife or Bodkin,
and arm it lo'with fome flay that it go not too deep^ for piercing his
Guts; then ftrike him therewith through the Sk^^n into his Body
before the hollow place of the Haunch-Bone, half a Foot beneath the
Back-Bone, and the Wind will come out thereat ; then if you put a
hollow Quill therein^ or fome Feather to keep it open a while, the
Wind will avoid the better, then heal it up again. It
Lib . IL Of Cures Chyrurgkal 265
It is alfo very good to rake the Horfe, and ro ride him up and down
a little ; but if the Swelling be under the Horfe's Jaws, or about any
part of his Head, then you fhall take his own Dung hot, as ibon as
he makes it., and wich a Cloth bind it faft thereto, renewing it twice
a Day till the Swelling be gone. See farther in the New Additions
for the Fiftula marked thus, t^
C H A P. CXLIII. Of Impojihumes^ 'and firfi ho-iv to ripen them.
IMpofthumes are a gathering and knitting together of many and moft
corrupt Humours in any Part or Member of the Body, making
that part to fwell extremely, and growing into fuch violent Inflamma-
fion, that in the end they rot and break out into foul, mattery and
running Sores; they commonly proceed either from Corruption of
Food, or Corruption of Blood; they are at the firft appearance very
hard, and very fore ; which hardnefs is the principal Sign that they
will Rot. And of thefe Impofthumes, fome be hot [mpofthumes, and
fome be cold; yet forafmuch as every Impofthume muft firft be^ipe-
ned, and brought to Matter before it can be healed, we will firft fpeak
of the ripening of them. If therefore you would ripen any Impoft-
hume, (according to the Opinions of the ancient Farriers) you ftiall
take of Sanguis Draconis, of Gum-Arabick, of new Wax, of Ma-
ftick, of Pirch of Greece^ of Incenfe, and of Turpentine, of each a
like quantity, and melting them together, andftraining them, make a
Plaifter thereof, and lay it to the Impofthume without renewin"" and
it will both ripen, break, and heal any Impofthume.
Ocher Farriers take of Swines-Gre:de, Red-Wax, and the Flower
of Euforbium, and mixing them on the Fire well together, lay it to
the Impofthume, and it will do the like.
Oiiher Farriers take of Honey, and of Wheat^Meal, of each a like
quantity, and either boil it in the Decoction of Mallows, or elfe mix
it with the Yolk of an Egg, and it will ripen, break, and heal • yet
it muft be renewed once a Day. ^
Other Farriers take Barley-Meal, and boil it with Wine and Pi-
geons Dung, and fo lay i: to the Impofthume Plaifter-wife, and it
will ripen exceedingly.
Other Farriers take a handful or two of Sorrel, and lapping it in a
Dock-Leaf, roaftitinthe hot Embers, as you would a Warden and
then lay it to the Impofthume as hot as may be well endured renew-
ing it once a Day ; and it will ripen, break, and heal it. A Plaifter
of Shooemakers Wax will do the like alfo.
Other ancient Farriers rake Mallow-Roots, and Lily-Roots, and
then bruife them, and put thereto Hogs-grcafe and Linfeed Meal
and Plaifter-wife lay it to the Impofthume, and it will ripen it, break
rt, and heal it perfedly. See further in the New Additions for the
f iftula, noted thus, t^ Mm CHAP.
66 Of Cures Cbyrurgkal. Lib. II.
CHAP. CXLIV. Of old Im^ofihumes.
|F the Impofthume do proceed from any old Caufes as thofe which
E rifeafrer cold raking, or when a Horfe is at Grafs. in the Winter
Seafon^ then you fh all ta! e the Herb called Balm^ and ftaiiip it iand
Hogs-greafe well tcge-her, and fo Plaifter-wife apply it to the Sore,
and it will heal it: Or c'fe when the Inipoflhume is ripe^ open it in
the lowtft part with a hoc iron, then wafh it with warm Urine j after
that anoint it with Tar and Oil well mixt together ^ and if you make
your Incifion in the manner of a Half-Moon, it is the better.
Other Farriers take White Mints, and feethe them in \\'inej Oily
Ale, and Butter, and fo lay it hot to, and it will heal it.
Other Farriers take Cuckow-fpit, and ftampt it with old greafe,
and fo apply it, and it will heal it.
%^ Other Farriers take a handful of Rue, and flamp it well wirh
the Yolks of Eggs and Honey, and then apply it Plaifter-wife, and
it will heal any old Impofthume.
CHAP. CXLV. Of hot Impofihumes,
IF the Impoilhume proceed from any hot Caufes, as from the ex-
tremity of Travel, parching of the Sun, or the Inflammation of
the Blood ; therj, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers,
you fhall .ake Liver-wort, and ftamp it, and mix it with the-Grounds of
Ale, Hogs-greafe, and bruifed Mallows, and then apply it to the Sore,
and it will ripen, break and heal it ; but if you would not have the
Swelling to break, then take the Grounds of Ale or Beer, and hav-
ing boi-ed Mallows therein, bathe the fore Place therewith, and it
will drive the Swelling away. ^ Other Farriers take either Lettice-
Seed, or Poppy-Seed, and mix it with Oil of red Rofcs, and lay it to
the Sore Piailter-wife, efpecially at the beginning of the Swelling,
and it will take it clean away.
C H A P. CXLVI. Of the Tetter.
A Tetter is a filthy kind of Ulcer, like unto a Canker, only k is
l\ fomewhat more knotty, and doth not fpread^, but remaineth moll
in one Place; and many times it will remain between the Skin and
the Flefh, like a knotty Farcy, and will not break.
K^ The Cure thereof, according to the Opinion of the ancient and
underftanding Farriers, is. To make a ftrong Lee with old Urine,
Alhes and Green Copperas, and bathe the Knots therewith, and it will
kill and heal them. Some other Farriers take 3 Snake, and cut off the
Head and the Tail, and caft them away • the reft cut into fmall pieces
and roaft them on a Spit ; then take the greafe that droppeth from^ them,
and being hot anoint the Sorance therewith, and it will heal it in a
fhort time ; but look that you touch no part of the Horfe therewith, fave
only the Sorance, for k will poifoa and venom. CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cure^ ChymrgicaL Q67
CHAP. CXLVII. Of Sinews that are cut^ piched^ or brmjid.
IF an HorfCj by the mifchance of fome Wound^ Ihail have any of
his Sinews either cut, pricked, or ibre bruifed, then if there be no
Convulfionof the Sinews, you (liall according to the Opinion of the
moft ancient Farriers, Take Tar and 15e a n-fio wer_, and a little Oil of
RofeSj and mixing them together, lay it hot unto the plaice • and if it
do not prefent good, take Worms and Sailet-Oil fried together, or eWe
the Ointment of Worms, which you may buy of every Apothecary,
and applying either of them, they knit the Sinews again, if they be
not clean alunder. But if there be a ConvuUion, then with a pair of
Shears you muft cut the Sinew in pieces, and then take Rolln and
Turpentine, Pitch, and Sanguis Draconis; then melting them toge-
ther, clap it fomewhat hot unto the lore,- then take Flax and put up-
on it, for that will cleanfe and defend it ; and than this Medicine,
there is none better for any iwoln Joint wharever.
Now if the Joint be not much Iweli'd, but only that the Sinews
are exceeding ItiiF through the great Bruifings, then you (hall take of
black Soap a pound, and feethe ic in a quart of ftrong Ale till it
wax thick like Tar, then referve ic, and when you fhall fee caufe,
ufe to anoint the Sinews and Joints therewith, and it will fupple them,
and ftretch them forth, although they be never i'o much fhrunk ; as
hath been approved.
CHAP. CXLVin. Of fretting the Belly, with the Fore-gins.
7F when you faddle and gird yourHorfe, the Girts be either knot-
^ ty or crumpled, and therewithal drawn too ftrait, they will not
o,nly gall and wound the Ho.-fe under the Belly very much, but they
will alfo (top the Blood which is in the principal Veins, called the
Plat- Veins, in fome fort, as they will occafion moft extream and
hard Swellings.
The Cure whereof is, according to the general Opinion, to take
of Oil de Bay and Oil of Balm two ounces, of Pitch two ounces, ^
of Tar two ounces, and one ounce of Rozenj mingle them well to-
gether, and then anoint the Horfe's fore Bowels therewith ; then take
either Flocks, or chopped Flax, and clap upon it, and fo lee it abide
until It fall away of it felf, and it will furely cure him.
Other Farriers ufe to take Vinegar and Soap, and beat them well
together, and flir it with a Stick or Cloth, and then fall to rub an'd
walh^ the galled place therewith, and do thus at lealt twice a d.-^y,
and It will dry ii up in two or three Days at the moft. But if the
galling be about any part of the Ho-.fe's Neck, then you lliall take
the Leaves of Briony (called the Hedge-vine) and ftamp them, and
mix them with Wine, and then, Plaifter-wife, lay ic to the Sore, and
K will heal It. M m 2 CHAP
a 68 Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib. IL
CHAP. CXLIX. Of Blifiers.
B Lifters are certain waterifh hollow Blebs which do arife betwixt the
Skin and the Flefh, proceeding either from flight Burnings^ Scald-
ings or Chafings, and they be very full of thin Matter. The Cure
thereof, according to the Opinion of the moft general Farriers^ is^
Firftj in the Sun to fret them till they bleed ; then take the roots of
Ivy, and {lamping them in a Mortar, mix them with as much Tar^
Brimftone and Allom, till they come to a Salve ; and then drefs the
Blifter therewith, and it will heal it,
CHAP. CL. To take aivay all manner of BoneSj Knohs or any
fuperfluous Flejh.
WHen a Horfe hath any Bone growing upon any part of his Bo-
dy, more than natural, or when he hath. any lumps or bun-
ches of fuperfluous Flefh, otherwiie than of right doth belong to his
true proportion ; then fuch Bones, Knots, or Bunches are called Ex-
cretions, proceeding from tough and fiegmatick Subftances, ftirred
up either by moft fore Bruifts, imperfect healed Wounds, or other
naughty Putrefadion of the Blood, being moft apparent to the Eye,
and moft palpable to the Hand.
Now for the Cure (according to the general Opinion of the moft
ancient Farriers) you Ihall firft ufe corrofive Medicines, after drawing
Medicines, and laftly drying Medicines ; or more particularly, thus
you fhall cure them ; firft, with an Incifion-knife, fcarifie the Excre-
tions, then apply Sulphur and Bitumen, or Coloquintida burnt and
fifted'i and when it hath eaten the Excretion away, then heal it up
with drying Salves, as Powder of Honey and Lime, or Bole-Armo-
niack, or fuch like. Other Farriers ufe^ after they have made the
Excretion to bleed well, then to take two ounces of the Afties of Vi-
tis, and as much unflack'd Lime, mixed with fix ounces of ftrongLee,
firft ftrained, then fod till half be confumed, and fo brought to a firm
Subftance • then keep it in a Glafs, in a dry place, and apply it to the
Excretion, till it have eaten it away, and then heal it up as is before-
faid. Other Farriers ufe to take a pound of ftrong Lee, and Soap,
and a quarter of a pound of Vitriol- Roman, one ounce of Sal-Arrao-
niack, and as much Roch- Allom, and boil them together until they be
very thick ; and then, with that Ointment eat away the Excretion.
Others ufe to take of i^gyptiacum the ftrongeft kind, and lay it on
the Excretion with a Cotton three or four times, and it will take it
clean away. This Medicine is moft excellent for any Splent^ and of
no fmall Importance, if it be ufed againft any Fiftula^ for it will fink
ir, although it were in the Crown.
CHAP.
Lib. 11. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL 269
CHAP. CLI. How to eat away any fuperfluous and dead Flejh,
IF when your Horfe have any vVound, Ulcer, or other Sore^ you
fhall perceive that there growcch therein dead Flefh, which dead
Flelli you (hall know, partly by the infenfibihty thereof, and partly
in that it is a fpungy hollow, naughty Flefli, not fubftantial, asj;he
true Flefh is, and either of a blackifli, or an high red colour; then it
fliall be fit that you feek all means poffible how to confume and eat
away that fuperfluous and naughty Flefti, becaufe the Sore '■hat is peite-
red therewith, neither can nor will ever heal, till it be cltanfedof the
fame: Therefore, according to the Opinion of the moft ancient Far-
riers, the beft ineans to eatit awiy. is, To boil frelh Greafe and Ver-
digrcafe, of each a like quantity together, and either to rent orplai-
fter the Sere therewith, until the dead Flefh be confumed.
Other Farriers take either the fcrapings of Hartfhorn, or Ox horn,
and mixing them with old Soap, drefs the Sore therewith, and it will
eat away dead Flefh.
Oiher Farriers take Sfongia Marhay or Sea- Sponge, and therewith
drefs ttie Sore, and it will do the like. Other Farriers ufe the Powder
of Rifagallo, Rifagre, but it is a great deal too ftrong a fretter.
Others ufe Litharge, or Lime in Lee , but they are likewife very vi-
olent and ftrong eaters.
Others ufe to take either white or black Elleborus, Ink, quick Sul*
phur, Orpiment, Litharge, Vitriol^ unllack'd Lime, Roch-Ailom,
Galls, Soot, or the Afhes of Avellan, of each half an ounce; and
they will confume dead Flefh : Likewife Quickfilver extint^, and Ver-
digreafe, of each an ounce, made into Powder, will do the like :
The Juice of Borrage, of bcabious, of Fumitory, and of a Dock, of
each half an ounce, a little old Oil and Vinegar; boil with a foft fire,
put to it Tar, and it will likewife eat away any dead Flefli.
There be other Farriers which take Cantharides, Ox-dung and Vi-
negar, and mix them well together, and lay ic to the Sore, and it will
fetch away the dead Flefh. Others ufe firft to pounce the Sore with
a Razor, then anoint it with Greafe, and ftrew upon it a prerty
quantity of Orpiment. Other Farriers ufe, inftead of Rifagallo, to
take the Powder of Verdigreafe and Orpiment, of each an ounce ;
of unflackt Lime and Tartar, of each two ounces ; mix them together
and therewith drefs the Sore, after vou have wafhed it well with ftrong
Vinegar, ; and if you plcafe, you may add thereunto Vitriol and
Allom, for they are both Confumers of dead Flefh. Other Farriers
take the Powder of Tartar, and Man's Dung, burnt with Salt, and
then beaten into Powder, and ftrewed on the Sore ; or elfe take Salt,
unllack'd Lime, and Oifter-ftiells, and beat them in a Mortar with
ftrong Lee or old Urine, till it be like a Pafte ; then bake it in an
Oven, and after beat it to a Powder ; ftrew it on the Sore, and it
will eat away the dead Fkfii, Other
\ Of Cures Chyrurgical, Lib. 11.
Cher farriers ulcfiril; to waib the Sore v/ith Aie, wncrtui JNettle-
fceds have been ludaen, and then ftrew upon ii the Powder of Ver-
digreaic.
!> Now to conclude, you muft ever obferve^ that before you ufe
any of thefe Medicines^ you do fnave away the Hair, that it be no
Impediment to the Salve ; alfo when you have dreft it once^ and fee
that there is no Asker raifed^ then you fliall diefs it with fome mollify-
ing or healing Saive, till the Asker come av/ay, and then drefs it with
your eating Salve again ; and thus do, until you behold tkat all the
dead Fie Hi be confumed, and that there is nothing but perfed: and
found Flefhj and then heal it up^ as in cafe of Wounds. Alfo Preci-
pitate^ fimpie of it felf, will eat away any dead Flelh.
CHAP. CLIL For Knots or Joints, Htirdnefs ^ Cramps^ or
any Inflammations.
rx^Here do grow in Joints three forts of Swellings ; namely, an
X hot Swelling, an hard Swelling, and a foft Swelling ^ all which
you may eafily diilinguifh by your feeling; and they do proceed, ei-
ther from abundance of grofs Humours engendred by foul keeping^ or
NClfe by accident, as from fome Wound, Rufli or Strain. The Cure
whereof, according to the Opinion of moft ancient Farriers, is, To
beat the Pov^/der called Diapente, together with Oil. till it be like an
Ointment, and then apply it once a day to the Grief, and it will take
it away; efpecially if it be a Cramps or an Inflammation.
Other Farriers ufe to incorporate with Oil, half an ounce of liquid
Storax. two ounces of Turpentine, five of Wax. and ten of Bird-
Lime;^ and apply that to the Grief, and it will eafe ic. Other Farri-
ers take Wine, and old Oil, and Tar, mingled and boiled together,
and therewith drefs the fore Place, and it will help it.
f> Others of your old and later Farriers take half a pound of grcafe,
three fcruples of Muftard, and the like of Bay-Salt; mix thele with
Vinegar, and apply it to the Grief. Others ufe to take a Plaifter of
3-ip-Sj and the Roots of Fern and Rocket; or mingle them with Greafe
and Vinegar, and apply it to the Grief. Other Farriers ufe to take the
Unguentum Bafilicon ; which is made of Honey, Storax, Galbanum,
Bdellium, Black- Pepper, Bay-Berries, the Marrow of a Stagg, of
each a like quantity; twice as much of Armoniack, and of the Pow-
kler of Frankincenfe as much as of any of the other, and incorporate
-them with Sheeps-Suet, and apply it to the Grief, and it will help it.
§> Other Farriers take dry Pitch, Pitch of Greece, of each one
Part; of Galbanum, and of Lime, of each four Parts; oi Bitumen
two Parts, of Wax three Parts ; melt them all together, and anoint
the place therev^ith very hot, and it will take away the Grief, and
peradventure alfo the Eye-fore.
^ CHAP.
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgkal. 371
CHAP, CLIir.' How to Cure any iVound mads with thejhot of Gun-powder.
According to the Opinion of the moft ancient Farriers you fliall firft, wich a
Probe, or long Jnftrumenr, fearch whether the Bullet remain* within the
Fiefh, or no ; and if you find that it doth, then wich another Inllrument for the
purpofe, you fliall take it for:h, if it be poifible ; if otherwife, let it remain ,• for
in the end, Nature it felf will wear it out of its own accord, without any Grief
or Impediment, becaufe Lead will not corrode nor canker : Then to kill the Fire,
you Ihall take a little Varnifli, and thruft it into the Wound with a Feather,
anointing it within even unco the bottom ; then ftop the Mouth of the Wound
with.a lict!e foft Flax, dipped in Varnilh alio ; then charge all the fwollen place
with this Charge : Take of Bole-Armoniack a quartern, of Linfecd beaten into
Powder ha;f t pound, of Bean-flower as much, and three or four Eggs, Shells
and ail, and cjf Turpentine a quartern, and a quart of Vinegar, and mingle them
well together over the Fire ; and being fomewhat warm, charge all the fore place
with part thereof, and immediately clap a Cloth or piece of Leather upon it, to
keep the Wound from the cold Air, concinuing both to anoint the Hole within
with Varnifn, and alfo to charge the Swelling without, rhc fpace of four or five
Days ; then at the five Days end, leave anoir.ring of ir, and tent ir with a Tent
reaching to the bottom of the Wound, ?.nd dipped in Turpentine and Hogs-
greafe melted together, renewing it evciy Day once or twice, until the Fire be
throughly killed ; which you (hall perceive by the mattering of the M-^'ound, and
by failing of the Swelling ; for as long as the Fire hath the. upper hand, no thick
Matter williffue forth, but only a thin yeilowiHi Water, neither will the Swelling
aflwage ; and then take of Turpentine, waihed in nine feveral Waters, half a
pound, and put thereunto three Yolks of Eggs, .and a little Saffron, and tent it
with this Ointment, renewing it every Day once, until the Wound be whole.
But if the Shot have gone quite through the Wound, then you fliall take a few
Weavers Linen-thrums, made very knotty, and dippinc; them firft in Varnifli,
draw them clean through the Wound, turning them up and down in the Wound
at leaft twice or thrice a Day, and charging the Wound on cither fide, upon the
fwoln places, with the Charge aforefaid, until you perceive that the Fire is killed j
then clap on a comfortable Plaifter upon one of the Holes, and tent the ether
with a Tent in the Salve, made of waflied Turpentine, Eggs and SafSon, as is
before faid.
Other Farriers ufe only to kill the Fire with Oil of Cream, and after to heal
the Wound up with Turpentine, Wax, and Hogs-greale molten together.
iHr" Other Farriers kill the Fire with Snow-Water, and charge the fwelled
Place with Cream and Barm beaten together^ and then heal up the Wound,.,
by dipping the Tent in the Yolk of an Egg, Honey, Saffron, well beaten. and-
mixed together.
C H A p. CLIV. Of burning with Lime, or any other fiery thing.
According to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, you fliall firft wafli the
Sore round about, and in every part, very clean, with warm Urine ; then
kill the Fire, by anointing the place with Oil and Water beaten together; drrffjig- 4
him fo every Day, until the Sore be all raw ; and then anoint it with Hogs-prealep .
and ftrew thereupon the Powder 01 unflack'd Lirae,. drefling him xhus every Day
once, until he be whole.
0thsr-.-
2 y 5 Of Cures Chyrurgkal. Lib, II.
%y Ocher Farriers ufe firft to wafh and clean fe the Sore with Sallet-Oil only
warmed then to kill the Fire with Cream and Oil beaten together, and when it
is raw, then to fpread upon it Cream and Soot mixed together; and laftiy, to
ftrew upon it the Powder of Honey and Lime, until it be perfedly skinned.
CHAP. CLV. Of the biting xvich a mad Dog.
IF your HorCe at any time be bitten with a mad Dog, the Venom of whofc
Teeth will not only drive him into an extream Torment, but it will alfo in-
ledl and inflame his Blood in fuch fort, that the Horfe will be endangered to die
inad : The Cure thereof, according to the Opinion of the ancient Farriers, is.
To take ot Goats-dung, of Flefh that hath lain long in Salt, and of the Herb
'Ebuius, generally called Dane-wort, of each half a pound, and forty Wallnuts ;
:itamp all thele together, and lay part thereof to the Sore, and it will fuck out the
'Venom, and heal up the Wound ; but upon the firft Dreliing, you fliall give the
Horfe Wme and Treacle mixed together to drink.
T>here be other Farriers, which firft give the Horfe Sack and Sallet-Oil to
drink, then with an hot Iron Cauterife and Burn the Sorej and laftly, heal up
-the Wound wirh the Salve firft recited.
Other Farriers firft give the Horfe two or three fpoonfuls of the Powder of Dia-
pente, to drink in a pmt of Muskadine ; then take a live Pigeon, and cleavmg
her in the midft, lay it hot to the Wound, and it will draw out the Venom; tnen
heal the Sore with Turpentme and Hogs-greafe well molten together. The Leaves
of Ariftoioch bruifed, will take away any Poifon.
CHAP. CLVI. Of Hurts done by the Tuskj of a Boar.
IF an Horfe be ftricken with the Tusks of a Boar, you fhall then take Copperas
or Vitriol, and the Powder of a Dog's head, being burned, after the Tongue
hath been pulled out, and caft away, and mixing them together, apply it once
a day to the Sore, and it will cure it: Yet, before you drefs it, firft wafli the
•Sore very well, either with Vinegar, or with "White- wine, or Urine.
CHAP. CLVII. To heal the biting or Jiinging of Serpents, or any veno-
mous Beajl vehatfoever.
IF your Horfe be either bitten or ftung, either with a Serpent, or any other ve-
nomous Beaft, which you fiiall eafily know by the fudden Swelling either of
the Body or Member; then you fliall firft chafe him up and down until he fweat,
and then let him Blood in the Roof of the Mouth ; and laftly, take a young Cock,
or a Pigeon, and cleaving it in the midft, clap it hot to the Wound, and then
give the Horfe White-Wine and Salt to drink. Other Farriers take a good quan-
tity of the Herb called Sanicula, ftamp it, and temper it together with the Milk
of a Cow, till it be all of one Colour, and give it the Horfe to drink, and it will
heal him. Other Farriers clap to the Sore, Hogs-dung, or Ox-dung, or Henbane
bruifed ; or elle the Aflics of Reeds, then give him to drink Mugwort, or great
Tanfie, and Wine, and Camomile, ftamped together: Or elfe give hin:^ Wine
•and Oleum I{ffntum mixed together.
§:> Other Farriers make a Plaifter of Onions, Honey and Salt, ftamped and
;'rr.!ngled together, and lay that to the fore Place, and give the Horfe Wine and
Treacle to drink ; or elfe White Pepper, Rue and Thyme, mixed with Wine.
Other Farriers take Aphodillus, Hajiula I^egia ; ftamp it with old Wine, and lay
it to the Sore, for it is moft fovereign good.
i CHAP.
Lib. 1 1. < '/ Cures ChyrurgicaL
273
C H A P. CLVIII. Oj Lice and Vermin^ and how to kill them.
THE Lice or Vermin which brted upon an Horfe, be like unto Geefe-
Lice, but fomewhat bigger; and do breed maft commonly about the
Ears, Neck, Mane, Tail, and generally over the whole Body ; they da
proceed from Poverty, or feeding in Woods, where Trees are continually
dropping upon them: The Signs are, the Horfe will be always rubbing
and Icratching; and altho' he ejt much Meat, yet will not profper^ and
vj'.t'a this con.inual rubbing, be will fret and wear awjy all his Mane and
Tai', and you fhail alP^ perceive the Lice, when the Sun doth fhi/;e, run-
riirg on the tops of the Hairs.- The Cure, according to the Opinion of
the ar.eitnt Fariers is. To take of Soap one pound, and Qiiickfilver half
an Ounce; mix and beat them together well, until the Quickfilver be
killed, ard then anoint the Horfe all over therewith, and it will confume
the Lice prefently.
Oher Farriers rake Staves-Acre and Soap, and mixing them together,
anc'nr the Horfe ?\] over rherewirh. Ohers rake unripe Mniberries, and
their Roots or Sealks, and itethe them in ftrong Urine, and then wafh the
Horfe therewith; at:er that, anoint ail his iiody over with Sanguis
Draconis, rhe Jn^ce ot Leeks, Salt, Pitch, Oil, and Swines greafe, very
well mixed togerher.
rr Others uie ro chafe all the Body over with Quickfilver and foft
Greafe, mixed together, till the Quickhlver be killed j and in two or three
dreflings tlie Lice will be confiimed*
Chap. CLIX. Hom to fave Hoy fts from the Jlivpvg of Flies m Summer,
IF you wil> fave your Horfes in, the Summer-time from the dinging or
hiring of Flie-^, which is very troublefome unto them, then you lliall
anoinr ail the Horfe 's Body over either with Oil and B.iy Berries mingled
together, or elfe bind unto the Head ftalt of his Collar 3 Spur.^;e dipped
in Ifrong Vinegar. Some ufe to fprinkie the Stable With water wherein
Herb of Grafs hath been laid to iteep ; or elfe to perfume the Stable with
the frnoak of Ivy or Calimint^or with Gith burnt in a Pan of Coals,
df* But the furelt way of all, boih in the Stable, and abroad, is. To
make two good wifps of Rue, and therewithal to rub the Horfe's Body all
over, and no Fly will light upon Iilrrj^ or touch him j as hath been oftea
approved.
C H A P. CLX. Of Bones being broken^ or ont cf Joint,
OU R common Englifh Farriers are very far to feek in this Cure, be-"^
caufe they do neither perftdly acquaint themfelves with the Mem-
bers of an Horie, nor have fo much invention, in this extremity, to make
an Hoife, being an uniealonable Creature, 10 iuffer like a realonable Per-
N ion^
2nA Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib II.
fon •, and alio that in the old Traditions in Horle leach era fi affirm, that all
Fraftures above the Knee are incurable; and io defpairing, they ceafe to
make Practice. But they are mpch deceived ; for neither the Frafture
above the Knee, nor the Frafture below the Knee is more incurable in a
Horfe than in Man, if the Farrier can tell hov; to keep the Horle from
ftrugling, or tormenting the Member grieved.
if therefore your Horfe have any Bone broken, v;hich is moft eafie to
be difcerned, by the deprivation of the ufe of that Member, and as eafie
to be felt, by the feparation of the Bones, and one part being higher than
the other, befides the roughnefs and inequality of the Place grieved ^ you
fhall then, for the Cure thereof, firlt take a ftrong double Canvas, which
fhall be as broad as from the Horfe's fore-lhouider, to the Flank; and
Ihall have another double Canvas, which fhall come from between the
Horle's fore-booths, up to the top of the Withers ^ where meeting with the
reft of the Canvas, and having exceeding flrong Loops, to which itrong
Ropes muft be fattened, you lliall by main force fling up the Horfe from
the Ground, fo as his Feet mjy no more but touch the Ground : And if it
be a fore Leg that is broken, then you fhall raife him a little higher before
than behind i if an hinder Leg, then a little higher behind than before, fo
that the Horfe may reft molt upon the Members molt found. When your
Horfe is thus flung, then you fhall put the Bones into the right Place 5
which done, wrap it clofe about with unwafhed Wool newly pulled from
the Sheep's back, binding it fait to the Leg with a fmooth Linen Roller,
Ibaked before in Oil and Vinegar mingled together, and look that your
Roller lie as fmooth and plain as may be-, and upon that again lay more
Wool dipped in Oil and Vinegar, and then fplent it with three broad,
fmooth and ftrong Splents, binding them fait at both ends with a Thong,
and in any cafe let the Horle's Legs be kept out very Itrait, the fpace of
forty Days, and let not the bones be loofened above thrice in twenty Days,
unlefs it Ihrink, and fo require to be new dreft and bound again •, but fail
not every Day once to pour on the fore place, thro' the Splents, Oil and
Vinegar mingled together: And at the forty Days end, if you perceive that
the broken place be fowdred together again with Ibme hard knob or
griftle, then loofe the Bonds, and eafe the Canvas, fo as the Horfe may-
tread more firmly upon his Fore foot; which when he doth, you fhall
loofen him altogether, and let him go up and down fair and gently, ufing
from henceforth to anoint the fore Place either with foft Giejfe,*or elfe
with oneof thefe Plailters, or Ointments; Take of Spima argotti o{ Vine-
gar, of each one pound, of Sallet Oil half a pound, of A.rmoniack, and of
Turpentine, of each three Ounces; of Wax, andof Rofin, of each two
ounces ^ of Bitumen, of Pitch, and of Verdigreafe, of each half a pound ;
boil the Vinegar, Oil, and Spmna argenti together, until it wax thick, then
put thereunto the Pitch, which being molten, take the pot from the Fire,
and
niia^TiyiiirP*
Lib. 11. Of Cures Chyrurgkal, 27c
and put in the Bitumen, without ftirring at ail ^ and that being alfo molten
put in then all the relt^ fet the pot again to the fire, and let them boil
all together, until tht?y be all united in one^ that done, (train it, and make
it in Pliifter form, and ule it as occafion fhall ferve.
Other ancient and well experienced Fariers take of liquid Pitch one
pound, of Wax two ounces, of the pureft and fineft part of Frankincenfe
one ounce, of Amoniacum four ounces, of dry Rofin, and of Galbanum,
of each one ounce, of Vinegar two Pints •, boil firft the Vinegar and Pitch
together, then put in the Amoniacuoi, diiTulved firft in Vinegar ; and after
that, the aforeliid Drugs ; and after they have boiled all together, and be
uniied in one, Itrain ir, and make it into a Plailter, and ufe it according
to occafion.
Other Farriers t^ike of old Sallct Oil a Quart, and put thereunto of Hog's
Greafe, of Simmx Nifri^ of each one pound, and let them boil together
until it begin to blub above ^ then take it from the fire: And when you
ufe any of rhe Ointment, let it be very hot and well chafed in, and then
one of the two fornier Piiilters folded above it-, and it is molt fovereign
and comfortable for any Bene that is broken.
CHAP. CLXr. Of Bones out of JohU
IF an Horfe have any of his Bones out of the Joint, as either his Knee his
Shoulder, his Faftern, or fuch likej which you fhail perceive both by
the uncomlinefs of the Joint, and alfo feel by the hollownefs of the Mem-
])er ihn is difplaced ^ then your readied: Cure is, to caft the Horfe on his
Back, and putting four Itrong Pafferns on his Feet, draw him up fo as his
Back m^y no more but touch the Ground -, then draw the grieved Leg
higher than the relt, till the poife and weight of his Body have made the
joint t3 flioot into its right pldce again •, which you fhall know when it
doth, by a fudden and great Crack which the joint will give when itfaileth
into the true place j then wiih ;h1 gentlenefs loofe the Horfe, and let him
rife^ and then anoint the grievtd place, either with the laft Ointment re-
hearfed in the laff Chapter, or die with the Oil of Mandrake, or the Oil"
of Swallows 5 both which are or moft lovereign Virtue.
CHAP. CLXII. To dry vp Humovrs^ or to bind , being aJiriUive^ or
binding Changes.
TAkeof Unguentum Tnpharmacom, made cf Litharge, Vinegar^ take
ola Oil, boiled ttVi they be thick ^ only take as much Oil as of both
the others : and it will Ifcp and Itay the flax cf any Humours.
If vou take ftrong Lee, it is a great drier and binder of Humours. -
Diff^lve in Vinegar, Ivfin, Alphalto and Myrrh, of each an ounce, of
red Wax half an ounce, and of Armoniack half an ouncej mingle them
N n i well
275 Of Cures ChyrurgkaL LiP. iL
well together in the boiling ^ for this Silve drietii wonjertujly, bmdeth ail
loofe Members, and comrorteth all p-irrs rhac are weakened.
Take of L^rd two pounds, and when it is fodden iirain it with t'-ree
ounces of Cerus, and' as much Alom m Iced j and it both drierh and
binderh exceedingly.
Dry Figs, bearen with Alom, Muftard and Vlregar, do dry sbundanrly.
Oil and foft Gresfe beaten to a Salve, with Vitriol, Galls and /tllom,
and the Powder of Pomegranates, Salt and Vinegar, both dry and bind
Sufficiently.
Soap and unflacked Lime mixed together, dricth perfcQIy after any
Incifion.
Verdigreafe, Orpiment, Sal Arn->oniack, and the Powder of Coloquin-
tida, of each alike, made into a Philter, with Milk or WjX, drieth and
bindeth.
The Greafe of Snakes roafted, the Head and Tail being cut away, is a
great drier.
To conclude, The Bark of a Willow-Tree burnt to Afhes, is as great a
drier, and binder, as any limple whaifoever.
CHAP. CLXIII. A Phifier to dry up fuperfucvs MoiJInre^ avd to birJ
Parts loojhied.
TAke of Bitumen one pound, of the pureft part of Frankincenfe three
ounces, of Bedelium ■irhicum one ounce, of Deers-Suet one pound,
of Populetm one ource, of Galbuium one oi'nce, of the drops of Srorax
one ounce, of common Wax one pound, of Refin Cabial half a pound,
Vifcus Iralicus one ounce and an half^ c^f Apoxima one ounce, of the Juice
of Hyffop one ounce, of rhe drt p.> ( f ^rmoniack one otmce, of Pirch half
a pound •, let ail ihele be wej' and peiie£l:y molten, dilTolved and incorpo-
rated together according to Art, and then make a Plaiiter iheieof*
CHAP. CLXIV. Aytother PhiJIer to dry vp any Swellhig^ Wind Gall^
Splent^ or Bladders^ in or abovt the Joijits.
TAke of Virgins Wax half a Pound, of Rcfin one pound and 3 quarter,
of Galbanum one ounce and an half, of Bitumen half a pound, ot
Myrrh Secundary one pound, of Armoniack three ounces, of Coif us three
ounces •, boil all thefe things together in an earthen Por, Ijving the Armo-
niack and Co(f us •, which being firff ground like fine Flower, muff be
added unto the other Things, after that they have been boiled and cooled,
and then boiled all together again, and well ffirred, io as they may be in-
corporated together, and made all one Subftance, and then applying as
occafion fhall be adminiftred.
CHAP.
I ;b II. 0) Cures ChyrurgicaL 277
CHAP. CLXV. Receipts to d[jjolve Himours.
TAke of Wormwood, Sage^ Rofemary, and the bark of an Elm, or of a
Pi/ie, o[ each a good qjantit/, and boil them in Oil, wiih a good
quantity ofLmfeed, aad make a Bath thereof ^ bathe the grieved part
and it vviil diffolve any Humours that are gathered or bound together.
A pound of Figs (tamped with Salt, till they come to a perft6: Salve,
diflblvcthall manner of Humours, by opening the Fores, and giving a large
Paffage.
-iJC HAP. CLXVI. Hcip to molife any Hardnefs,
TAke of Xinfeed punn'd, and of Fenugreek, of each fotir ounces 5 of
Pitch afid Rofin, of ezch three ounces ^ of the Flowers of Rofes two
ounces, Pitch of Grexe three ounces-, boil them together, then add three
ounces of Turpentine, iix ounces of Honey, and a little Oil ^ and then ap«
plying the Sal*:e, it will mollihe and fof-en any hard Subftance.
Malvavifco ^ell fod and (tamped with Oleum Rofatum, being laid hot
to any hardnds^^will make it fofr.
Boil Brank Uifine and Mallows together, and beat them with Oil and
Lard, and they w-iil fofren much.
Malvavifco, Cele-VVorts, Brank-Urfine, Herb of the Wall, and oLJ
Greafe pounded, doth mollifie verv much.
The Oil <.f Cyprus both mollifieth and healeth.
Wheat-Me^il, Horey, Pellitory, Brank-Urfine and the Leaves of Worm-
v^ood, being beaten wiih J^^wines Greafe, and laid hot unto any hard Tu-
nnour, doth iuddenly moUifie it, and is very good for any (tripe alfb.
Greafe, Multard-Setd and Cummin boiled togtther, doth mollifie
very much.
Take of Soap half an ounce, of unflacked Lime an ounce, and mix
them well with ftrong Lee, and it will moUifie even the hardett Hoofs.
The juice of the leaves and roots of Elder, or a Plailter made thereof,
doth dry up and moUifis Humours marvelloufiy.
So doth the juice of the tops of Cyprus, and dry Figs macerated
ia Vinegar, and (trained, of each three ounces : And if you add to it
of Salt-Niter one cunce, of Armoniack half an ounce, of Aloes and
Opopon-rtx a little, and make it into an ointment, it will mollifie
any hardnefs very fufficiently.
Mallows, Nettles, Mercorella, and the Roots of Cucumbers, and
old Turpentine, being beaten together with old Greafe, will mollifiQ
any hardnefs fpeedily.
CHAP.
Of Cures ChpuYgicaL Lib. II.
I
CHAP. CLXVII. To harden any Softncfs.
THE Sole of any old Shooe burnt, and fodden in Vinegar, will harden
Hoofs j and fo will alfo the Powder of Galls boiled with Bran and
Sal% in ftrong Vinegar.
The Powder of Honey and Lime, or the Powder of Oiller-fhells, or the
Powder of a burnt Felt, or thick Cream and Soot mixed together, wiii
harden any Sore whatfoever.
CHAP. CLXVIIL To corghith.^te. .
Ris lilyrica beaten and lifted, mingled with Pepper, Honey, Currans,
_ and given the Horfe lo drink with Vv ine and Oil, helpeth and conglu-
tinaieuh any inward Rupture or Burftnefs whatfoever.
Dragont, Saffron, the fruit of the Pine, with the yo'ks of Eggs, given
likewife to drink with Wine and Oil, doth alfo conglutinate any inward
Mennber or Vein broken.
incenfe, Maftick^ and Cut, doth the like alfo. Poligano fbd in V/ine,
and given to drink, is good alfo.
The roots and feed of Alparjgus, fod in Water, and given to the Horfe 5
then after, for three Days, give him Butter and Opoponax, with Honey
and Myrrh i and it will conglutinate any inward Ulcer or Rupture
whatfoever.
CHAP. CLXIX. To mnndifie and cleanfe any Svre,
TAke Oil of Olives, Swine's Greafe clarified, the Greafe of a young
Fox, Turpentine, Allum, and white Wax, feethe them all together,
till they be molt thoroughly incorporated together 5 and with this Oint-
ment drefs any foul Sore whatfoever, and it will mundifie and cleanfe it
molf lufficiently.
Chap. CLXX. Of repercufive Medicines^ orfucb as drive back Humours,
REpetcuflive Medicines, or fuch as drive evil Humours back, are com-
monly called amongft Farriers, Plaifters, or Salvers defenfative, and
are to be ufed about every great Wound or Ulcer, left the flux of Hu-
mours flowing to the weak part, both confound the Medicines, and breed
more dangerous Exulcerations. Now of thefe Repercuflive Medicines,.
tliefe are the bell ^ either Vinegar, Salt and Bole-Armoniack, beaten toge-
ther, and fpread round about the Sore j or elfe White- Lead and Sallet-Oil,
bta'en ^Ifo To;cetheri or Red Lead and Sallet Oil, or elfe Unguentum
Album Camp^oratum, and fuch like.
CHAP^
Lik II. ^/ Cures Ch}rurgicaL 279
CHAP. CLXXI. Of Burnbig Compofaions,
Burning Compofitions are for the molt part Corrofives, of which we
ftjall have occafion to fpeak more at large in a Chapter following;
yei. forafmuch as fonne are of better Temper than others, you fh^ll here
undeiftand, that of all burning Compofitions, thegentleft is Unguentum
y\poftolorum •, next to it, is Verdigreale and Hogs-greafe beaten together;
next to it, is Precipitate and Turpentine mixed together ; next to it, is Art-
nick, allayed with any Oil, or healing Salve 5 next to it, is Mercury fubli-
mate, likewife allayed with fome cooling Salve; and the worlt is Lime and
Soap ,or Lime and ftrong Lee beaten together, for they will corrode and
mortihe the foundelt Part or Member whatfoever.
CHAP. CLXXn. Tor all manner of Hurts about any Horfe whatfoever.
TAke an ounce of Oil, two ounces of Turpentine, and a little Wax,
mingle them at the fire: This will heal any Wound or Gall, and
keep it clean from Filth, Water and Dirt.
fake Vinegar and Honey, and boil it together; when it is cold, add the
Powder of Verdigreafe, Copperas and Brafs burnt, mingle them well to-
gether ; This will take away all ill and dead Flefh, and cleanfe and heal
any old Ulcer.
Tike Wax, Pitch, Swine's Greafe and Turpentine, and mix them well
together : This will heal any Bone, fpell, or any other ftub.
Take Houfe Snails, and feethe them in Butter, and they will draw out
any Thorn or Nail, being often renewed. So will alfo the Roots of Reeds,
being bruifed and applied.
The Roots of Elder, beaten to Powder, and boiled with Honey, is good
for any old Sore whatfoever. ,
Take Salt, Butter and Honey, or White Wax, Turpentine and Gil-Rola-
tum, of each a like quantity, with twice as much Bean- flower as of any of
the other; mix it very well together, and make it into a Salve, and
it will heal any Sore, either old or new, whatfoever.
Take Wax, Turpentine and Deer's Suet, or the Marrow of a Stag,
and mix them well together, and it will heal any Wound, or any Im-
pofthume whatfoever: So will alfo Wax, Oil, Maltick, Frankincenfe and
Sheep's Suec, well molien together ; or the Powder of Maftick, Frankin-
cenfe, and Aloes, mixed and molten well together.
The Whites of Eggs, beaten with Oleum Rofatum and Salt, and fo
laid upon Flax hurds, healeth any Wound that is not in any principal
parr, where the Mufcles are. '^
If you will purine, cleanfe and heal any old Sore, take three pints <yF
well clarified Honey, and boil it with one pint of Vinegar, and one of
Verdigreafe, and fo apply it : Or elfd take of Maftick and Verdigreale,
of
2^0 Of Cures Chnurgical, L*b 11.
ot each halt an ounce ^ ot Frankincc;nle one ounce, or new VvaX lour
ourxes, of Turpentine fix ounces, and of Hogs-gre.'fe two pounds-, boil
and incorporare all thds together, and then apply ic lo the fore place,
and it will both cleanfe, purifie and heal.
Chick weed, G round fel, Giaife, and ftale Urine, very wel] boiled toge-
ther, will heal any galling or hurts by [lalter, or other Accident ^ or any
ftrain, or ftripe, or ft'veliifig, which cometh by any fuch like nnifchance.
Take of new Milk three quarts, a good handful of Plantain 5 let it
boil till a pint be confumed 5 then add three ounces of Allom made into
Powder, and one ounce and an half of whke Sugar-candy made likewife into
Powder i then let it boil a little till it have an hard curd, then ftrain ir^
wiih this warm, bathe any old Ulcer, then dry it, and lay on fome Un>
guentum Bafllicon. This cleanfeth, drieth, Orengrhneth and killeth the
Itch, and healeth the fouleft Ulcer, either in Man or Beaft, that m:'y be,
Alfo, if you take of Milk a quart, of /illom in Powder two ounces, of
Vinegar a fpoonful •, when the Milk doth feerhe, put in the Allom and Vi-
negar, then take of the Curd and ufe the- reft, and it will likewife dxy up
and heal any foul old Sore whatlbever.
CHAP. CLXXII!. How to male the Powder of Honey and Lime.
Ake fuch a quantity of unflack'd Lime as you (hall think fit, beat it
__ into very fiije Powder ; then take fo much Honey as fhall fuffice to
mingle it together, and make it into a very (tiff Pafte, in the form
of a thick Cake, or Loafj then put the fame Cake or Loaf into an hot
Oven, or a burning Fire, till it be baked, or burnt glowing red ^ then take
it forth, and when it is cold, beat it into very fine Powder, and then ufe
it as occafion (hall ferve. It drieth, healech and skinneth any Sore
whatfoever very marveloufly.
CHAP. CLXXIV. The Order of talhg tip ofVehs^ and wherefore h is
good,
Flrfl", before we fpeak of the Order of the taking up of Veins, you fhall
underffand, that all Veins, except the Neck- veins, the Eye- veins, the
Breaft veins. Palate- veins, and the Spur veins, are to be taken up, and not
Ifricken with the Fleam-, partly becaufe they are fo little and thin, that if
you ftrikethem you fhUi either endanger the If riking thro' them •, or partly
becaufethey are lo near adjoining toArreties and SinewSjthat if, in ftriking,
you fhould hit and prick either Artery or Sinew, it were a prefcnt laming of
the Hoife, as 1 have oftentimes feen and noted in the Praclice of many Ig-
norant Smiths. Now touching the order of taking up a Vein, is thus.
Firft, You (ball caft your Horfe either upon fome foft Ground, Grafs,
ibme Dung-bill th^t is not very moift, or in lome lightfgme Houfe, upon
good
T
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical, 2p7
good (tore of fweet ftraw^ then, when the Horfe is thus calt, you (hall
look for the Vein which you intend to take up > and if it be either ^o
Imall, or lie fo deep, that you can hardly perceive it, then you fhall, with
warm water, rub, chafe, and bathe ail that part where the Vein iieth;
then take a narrow filk Garter, and a handful or two above the Vein, (if
ic be of any of the Horfe's Legs) garter the Member very ftrait : But if
it be a Vein to be taken upon the Body or B'-eaft, then with a good Sur-
lingle, either clofe behind the hinder point of the Soulder, or within a
handful of the place where you mean to take up the Vein, gird him very
itrait, and prefently you fliall fee the Vein to arife^ then mark that part
of the Skin which covereth the Vein, and with your Finger and your
Thumb, pull it fomewhat afide from the Vein, and then, with a very
fine Incifion-Knife, flit the Skin clean thro', without touching the Vein,
and in any wife cur no deeper than thro' the Skin, and thit long-wife
too, in fuch fort as the Vein goeth, yet not above an Inch at the moft in
length-, that done, remove your Finger and your Thumb, and the Skin
will return again into its place, right over the Vein, as it was before,
infomuch that but opening the orifice or ilit, you fhall fee the Vein lie
blue and bare before your Eyes^ then take a fine fmooth Cronet, made
either of the Browantler of a Stag, or of an old Buck, and thruft it
underneath the Vein, and lift it up a pretty diftance (that is to fay, half
the thicknels of the Croner; above the Skin ; that done, you fhall then
loofe either the Garter or Surfingle, for they are but only helps for you
to find out the Vein \ and when the Vein doth appear, have a fpecial care
that you touch not the Sinews.
Now when you have thus taken your Vein upon your Cronet, you
fhall then either put a red filk Thread, dipp'd in Oil of Butter, or elfe a
fmall Shooe-maker's Thread underneath the Vein alfo, fomewhat higher
than the Cronet, which Silk or Thread muft ferve to knit the Vein when
time requires \ then the Cronet ftanding (till as before, with your
Knife flit the top of the Vein long-wife, the length of a Barley-corn,
that it may bleed ^ then flopping the nether part of your Vein with
the Silk, or the Thtead, fuflFer it to bleed from above ^ then with your
Silk or Thread removed above, knit it fait with a fure knot, above the
flit, fuffering it only to bleed from beneath ; and having bled there
alfo fufficiently, then knit up the Vein beneath the flit with a fure knot,
then fill the hole of the Vein with Salt, and heal up the Wound of the
Skin with Turpentine and Hog's- greafe molten together, or elfe with
a little frefh Butter laid on with a little Flax, or foft Tov^, is
fufficient.
Now the Virtue which redounds from this taking up of Veins :
Firft, it is very necefTary, and doth eafe all Griefs, ftrains and ftifFnefs
O o of
2^8 Of Cures ChyruYgicaL Lib. II.
of the Limbs^ for the taking up of the Plat-veins eafeth all p;,nr:S in the
Breaft, and Griefs in the Cheft : The taking up of the fore-thigh-veins
eafech Farcies, and fwellings of the Legs : The taking i^p of the Shackle-
veins before, heipeth Gourding Qiiitrsr- bones, and the fwelling of the
Joints, Scabs and Scratches: The taking up of the hinder Hough-veins,
helperh Spavins of both kinds, moft efpecially, any Farcy in thofe parts j
and generally, all Swellings, or Impofthumes : The taking up of the
Paitern veins behind, heipeth fweiling about the Cronet, or nether Joints,
Pains, Mules, and all manner of Cibed Heels ^ belides fundry other fuch
like Difeafes.
CHAP. CLXXV, Of Cautei'iz27!g. or giving the Fire^ the Kinds arii-
Ufes.
THE giving of Fire, w^hich, among the beft Farriers, is called Cau-
terizing j and amongft the fimpler. Burning, Searing, or Blifterlng;
is (according to the general Opinion of all the moft ancient Farriers) the
chiefeft Remedy, and, as it were, the lalt refuge of all Dileafes incident
to any Horfe's Body, whether they be natural or accidental ^ for the
violence of Fire ieparating and digefting all manner of Humours into a
thin Air, and loofe Body, cleanfeth andavoideth thole Grof>neffes which
are the material caufes of Putrefadion and Ulceration. Now of Caute-
rization there be two kinds ; the one of them aftual, which is that which
is done by the hand, and with the Inftrument, that is to fay, of the hot
Iron, of what fafhion foever^ the other Potential, which is done by the
applying of a Medicine, whofe nature is either Corroiive, Puirefadivs,
or Cauftick.
Now the firft of thele, which is the Cauterize actual, is principally to
be ufed-when there is any Apofthumarion in any Sinew, parr or Member,
or amongft any of the moft principal Veins •, alio when you (hall difmem-
ber or cut away any Joint, or make any incifion, where there is fear of
. any Flux of Blcod, or where you fhall find either the Skin or Mufcies
Ihrunk or ftrairned ^ and in many fuch like cafes.
The Cauterizing Potential is to be ufed in old cankered Ulcers, Wens,
or any ipungy Excretion, either of Flefh or Bone whatfoever j of whofe
Natures and Properties you Ihall read more hereafter, in a following.
Chapter.
CHAP. CLXXVI. Of the Cauterize aSnal, and the form of Infruments.
AN aftual Cautery, according to the Opinion of the moft ancient
Farriers, being moderately ufed, is a notable Remedy to flop all
Corruption in Members, to keep perfeft the Complexion of the fame,
and alfo ftanch the Blood ^ only you muft have a careful regard that in
the
Lib. IL Of Cures Chyrurgical,
the handling ot your Iron, you touch neither Sinews, Tendoes, Cords
nor Ligaments, left you do utterly difable the Member, or breed' Cramps
or Convulfions ; except it be when you difmember or cut away any joint •
as when you did make Curtals, geld Horles, or fuch like ^ and then your
Cautery is to be ufed only to fear the Veins, Sinews, and Ligaments, till
fuch time that you are perfectly afTured that all liux of the Blood is flop-
ped whatfoever.
Now again, the a£lual Cautery bindeth together parts loofned, it doth
attenuate things blown and puflPed up, it drieth up fuperfluous moifture,
it both loofenerh, difperfeth and divideth evil matter gathered into knots^
it aflwageth old Griefs, it re£lifieth thofe parts of the Body that are cor-
rupted by any manner of way, reducing them to their firft perfeQ Eftate,
and fufF^reth no abundance of evil Humours to grow or increafe ; for the
skin being feparared and opened with the hot Iron, all putrefa£i:ion what-
foever,thro' the virtue of Fire,is firft digefted and ripen'd,3nd then fodifTolv'd,
that the matter doth ifTue out abundantly at the holes whereby the grieved
or fickned Member is now healed and eafedof all Pain and Grief; yea and
infomuch that the holes being once clofed, and clofe fhut up, the place is
ftronger,3nd better knit together, and cover'd with a tougher and harderSkin
than ever it was before: Only greateft blemifh that can any way be
found in Cautery is, that it commonly leaveth a great Scar, which is
many times an Eyefore more than is tolerable; and therefore the ufe of
Cauterizing is only to be preferred, bur in defperate Cafes of great extre-
mity ; for, although it works foul, yet I am perfwaded it is moft certain,
and it works moft fure.
Now as touching the Inftruments wherewith you muft cauterize, their
fubftance and proportion, you (hall underltand, that the moft curious
Farriers do prefer either Gold or Silver to be the beft Metal to make
them of, in that few or no evil Accidents do followwhere they burn :But
the wifeft, beftand moft skilfulFarriers take Copperto be fufficient enough,
and a metal without any lawful exception 5 yet where Copper Inftruments
cannot be had, there you may, with commendations enough, ufe fuch In-
ftruments as are made of Iron, and find your Work nothing at all hindred.
Now for the fafliion or proportion of your Inftruments or Irons, they
are only to be referred to the Sore, or place grieved, wherewith you are to
meddle ^ according to the diverfiry whereof, your Inftruments are to
be made of divers falhions : As feme are to be made Knife-wife, either
with thin edges, or broad edges; and they be called Drawing-knives,
or Searching-knives, becaufe they are principally employed in the drawing
of ftrait lines, fhallow or deep, and fometimes in circular, or divers
fquares. Some are made like ftrait, and fbme like crooked Bodkins 5
and they are enployed either in flefhy Excretions, to caufe Exulcera-
tions j or elfe Impofthumes, to open Imall paflages for the Matter. Some
O 0 2 are
'99
^QQ Of Cures Cbyrtirgical, Lib. 11.
are maae like Hooks, or Sickles-, and they are to be u(ed where the
Wound is crooked, for the burning out of dead Flef)^, or fuch like hid-
den evils, which cannot be reached by any firait Inftruments. Others are
made either with great Buttons, or little Buttons at the end ^and they are
uled to open Impofthumes, or elfe to burn into the found Flefh, where
you intend to make any new Sore or Iffue, for the drawing, or keeping
back of other evil Humours. And in making of ihefe Irons, the Farriers
own Judgment is to be of great value, becaule he muft either increafe or
diminifh them, according to the manner of the place grieved, and be fure
that he ever make them fit for his right purpofe.
Now for the ufe of thefe Inlirurr.ents, there are two principal things
to be regarded, firft the heating of the Iron^ and next, the true temper,
or bearing of the Farrier's hand.
Touching the heating of the Iron, you Ihall underhand, that the back
of the Iron muft never be fo hot as the edge^ that is to fay, .you mutt
never make the back of the Iron red hot, for fear that thereby it yield too
much heat, and conftquently breed Inflammation: Therelore, whenfoever
you fee ihe back of your Iron as hot as the edge, you fhall a little cool it
with Water.
Now for the temper of the bearing of your hand, you Oiall underhand,
that the more evenly and light it is done, fo much the better, it is done:
And herein is to be confider'd the finenefs or thicknefs of the Horfe's skin,
which you (hall know moft commonly by his Hair; for if it be (hort and
fine, then the skin is thin^ if it be long and rough, then is his skin thick
and boifterous.
Now the skin that is fine muft be cauterized or feared with a very
light hand, inafmuch as the skin is foon pierced thro', and the thick skin
with a heavy hand yand both of them with fuch a tempered hand, that
the skin muft no more but look yellow ^ wherein you fhall ever find, that
the fine skin will foonetlook yellow than the thick skin 5 the main rea-
fon being, becauie the thicknefs and roughnefs of the Hair of the thick
skin doth cool and choak the heat of the Iron j infomuch that if it be
not laid to with a more heavy hand, and the Inftrument fo much the
more and the oftner heated, it cannot work that effeft which in Art ic
fhould do.
Now you (hall alfo oblerve, that in drawing of any Line or other Cau-
terize whatfoever, that you ever draw with the Hair, and never againft the
Hair, whether the Lines be (hort, long, deep, (hallow, ftrait, crooked, or
overthwart, according as the Grief doth require.
Now, to conclude, you are to obferve, in Cauterizing, thefe few Pre-
cepts : Firft that you do not give fire to any finew Place except there be
fome apparent Swelling^ or dfe Impofthumaiion. Secondly, that you
give
Lui. 11. Of Curea Chyrurgical. ^oi
give not tiie to any bone that is broken, or out ot Joint, for fear of breed-
ing a general weaknefs in the whole Member. Thirdly, never to give the
fire fo deep, or fuffer your hand to be fo heavy, that you may mis-fliape
or deform the Horfe, either by unnecefTary Figures, or uncomely Scars.
Fourthly, not to be too rafh or hafty in giving fire, as if every Cure was
to be wrought by that Praftice only (as 1 know fome very well reputed
Farriers hold Opinion) but only to attempt all other good Means before j
and when all hopes elfe is defperate, then to make the fire your lalt refuge
as extremity that muft prevail, when all other Prafticesdo perifh.
Laftly, I would not have you, like the foolifh Farriers, which know
nothing, utterly to contemn or negle£l it, as if it were ufelefs; but with
all Moderation, and judicious Difcretion, to apply it in fit time and place,
lb the poor Horfe may gain Eale, your felf good Reputation, and the
Owner Profit j which is moil certain, as long as you are governed by
Wildom.
Chap. CLXXVII. Of Cauterize by Medkirte^ which is Cauterize Potential
TH E Potential Cauterize, or fearing of the Fleih by Medicine, is (as
I faid before) when the Medicines are either Corrofive, Puttefaftive,
or Cauftickv Corrofive, as when they do Corrode, rot, gnaw, and fret the
Flefh j Putrefactive, when they do corrupt the Complexion of the Mem-
ber, and do induce a main Scar like dead Fle(h, caufiiig infinite Pain, in
llich fort, that they are often accompanied with Fevers and Mortality, and
therefore are not to be Adminiftred but to ftrong Bodies, and in 'very
ftrong Difeafes ^ and Cauftick, which is as much as to fay burning, when
the Operation is fo ftrong, that it inclineih, and cometh neareft to the
nature of fire, and lb burneth and confumeth whatfoever it toucheth.
Now thefe Potential Cauterizes do exceed and excel one another by certain
degrees, as thus: The Corrofivesare weaker than the Putrefaftives, and the
Putrefaftives are weaker than the Caufticks^ the Corrofives work upon
the upper part in the foft Flelh, the Putrefy fVives in the depth of the hard
Flefh, and the Caufticks have power to break Skin found or unfound, both
in hard and foft Flefh, and that very deeply alfo.
Now of Corrofives fome be fimple, and fbme be compound : The
fimple Corrofives are Roch Alom, burnt, or unburnr, the Spunge of the
Sea fbmewhat burnt, Lime, red Coral, and the powder of Mercury, the
fhavings of an Ox or Harts- horn Precipitate Verdigreafe, and fuch like.
The compound Corrofives are, black Soap and Lime, Unguentum Apo-
ftolorum, and Unguentum Egyptiacum, and Unguentum Caraceum, and
many fuch like : And thefe are to be applied unto. Sores, Ulcers, or Exr
cretions, after they are corroded.
The.
302 Of Cures ChyrurgicaL _^^^ Lib. 11-
The Putrefa£lives are Arfnick, either wUire or yellow, Refalgar, or any
Medicine compounded with any of them j befides, Sandracha, Chryfocolla,
and Aconitum-
Ndw if you would have your PatrefaO:ive Medicines to be cauftive,
that is, breeding a great Scar, and hot in the fourth degree : Then they are
unflack'd Lime, and the burned dregs of Wine ; and thefe are to be ufed to
Carbuncles, Cankers and Amburies.
The Cauftlck Medicines are thofe which are mide of ftrong Lee,
called Capitellum, or Magiflra, of Vitriol Romm, Sal Niter, Aquafortis,
Apium, ChantharideSjCiclimlne, Onions, ftrong Garlick, Mdanacardium,
the ftones or grains of Briony, and many fuch like.
Now in conclullon, I would wifh every diligent Farrier, feldom or
never to ufe either Arfnick, Refalgar, or Mercury fublimite, fimply of
themfelves, but rather to allay them (if the fubftance whereon they are
to work be very great) with Unguentum Apoftolorum ^ but if it be
very little, then with Hogs-greafe, Turpentine, or fuch like. And thus
much for this Potential Cauterizing, and the proper llfes.
CHAP. CLXXVIII. Of the roweUlng of Horfcs, amd the ufe thereof.
THe towelling of Horfes, is amongft our ignorant and fimple Smiths,
the moft ordinary and general Practice of all other whatfbever, in-
fomuch that not any Difeafe can almolt be found about a Horfe, either
how flight or great foever it be, but prefently without any Reafon or
Senfe therefore, they will rowel him for the fame^ whereby they not only
put the Horfe to a needlefs Torment, but alfo bring down (now and then)
fuch a Flux of Naughty Humours, that they lame the Horfe, which
otherwife would be perfeftly found. But it is not my Theme to difpure
of thofe Ignorances , only this I muft fay of Rowelling, it is a praQice as
neceffary and commendable for the good Eftate of a Horfe's Limbs and
Body as any Medicine whatfoever, fo it be applied in its due time, and
in its due place: Otherwife on the contrary part, it is contrary to all
^\he helps which are got by Rowelling, are thefe ^ it feparateth.and
difTolveth all evil Humours, which either through natural or unnatural
Corruptions are gathered and knit together in any one place hindring the
office of any Member, or deforming the Body by any fuperflmty or evil
fubftance • It loofneth thofe parts which are bound, and bindeth thofe
parts that are weakned-, it giveth ftrength unto fick joints, and comfor-
teth whatfoever is oppreffed with any cold Flegm, or hot cholerick fub-
ftance : The general ufe of Rowelling, is either for inward Strains, efpe-
ciallv about the Shoulders or Hips, or elfefor great hard Swellings, which
will not be mollified or corroded by any outward Medicine, which is
Lib. 11. OJ Luia ^'t*}>rjir^icaL 3o3
either Flailter or Unguent, tor you Ihall underihnd, that when a Hoife
receiveth any Strain or Bruife, either in the upper joints of his Shoulder,
or his Hips, which joints do not (tand one up«n another, as the lower
join[s,do but they go one into another, as the oneend of the Marrow-bone
into the pot of the Spade-bone, and the other end into the pot of the
Elbow, which is a double Bone : Now as I fiy^ when a Bruife is received
in thele parts, if by prefent Application of hot and comfortable Medicines,
the grief be not taken away, then quickly there gathers between the Pot
and the Bone, a certain bruifed Jelly, which continually offending the
tender Griltle which covers the end of every Bone, mjkes the Horlts to
halt vehemently, and then is this corrupt Matter not to be taken away by
any outward Medicine, but by Roweiling only •, and as I fpeak of the
Shoulder, fb I fpeak of the Hips alfo, where the upper Thigh-bone, goeth
into the Pot of the Cannel bone, and there breeds the like Infirmity.
Now for the manner of Kowellirig, it is in this Ibrt : Firft, when you
Have found out the certain place of the Horfe's Grief as whether it be on
the fore-pitch of the Shoulder, on the hinder Elbow, or on the Hip, then
you fhail (having caft the Horfe upon fome. Dung- hill, or loft Ground)
make a little flit more than a good handful below the p!ace of his Grief
thro' the Skin, and no more, fo big as you may well thrult in a Swan's
quill into the fame: Then with your Cronet rdife the Skin a little from
the Flefh, and then put in your Quill, and blow ail the Skin from the
Flefh upward, even to the top, and all over the Shoulder: Then (topping
the whole with your ■-inger and your Thumb, rake a fmall Hazel Itick,
and beat the blown pbce all over ^ and then with your Hand fpread the
Wind into every part, and after let it go : Then take a Tampin of Horfe-
Jiair twound togerher, or which is better, of red Sarfenet, half the bignefs
of a Man's little Finger, or about a Foot or (ixicen Inches in length, put-
ting it into your Roweiling Needle, which would beat theleaft k\tn oreight
Inches long-? thruft it in at the fiift hole, and fo putting it upward, draw
it cut again at lealt fix Inches above, and then if ycu pleafe, you- may-
put in another- above that: And then tie the two ends of the Tampins or
Rowels together, and move and draw them to and fro in the Skin/in any
ivife not forgetting, both before ycu put them in, and every Day after they
are in, to anoint them well with Butter, Hogs-greale, or Oil de Bay.
pO^ Now theie be other Farriers, which in that they are opiniated
that thefe long Rowels, or Tampins of Hair or Silk, do make both a double
fore, and a great fear, therefore they make their Rowels of round pieces of
ftifF Leather, fuch as is in the upper part of an old Shooe, with
a round hole in the mldft accorc ing to this Form; and then
doubling it when they put it in, as foon as it is within, to
fpread it, and lay it flat betweeft the Flefli and the skin^ and,
fo
Of Cure^ Ch^rf*t^uaf. Lib. II.
fo as the hole of the Rowel may anfwer juft with the hole that is made in
the Horfe's skin y and then once in two or three days to cleanfe the Rowel,
and to anoint it, and fo put it in again.
Other Farriers do ufe to make the Rowel of Lanthorn-horn, in the lame
fafhion as is made of Leather, and in like fort to uie it. But for mine own
p3rt, 1 have ufcd them all, and truly in my pra£lice find not any better
than another : Only the Leather or the Horn is fomewhat more cleanly,
and lefs ofFenlive to the Eye, yet they ask much more attendance.
Now if you do Rowel your Horfe for any fwelling, then you (hall ever
put in your long Rowel the fame way that the Veins run, and feldom or
never crofs-wife, and the m.ore you blow the skin for a (welling, fo much
the better it is : For the wind is it which only occafioneth Putrefaftion,
and makes thefe feftred Humours to dilTolve, and diftil down from the
fecret hollows of the Joints into thele open places, where it falleth away
in Matter, and lo the Beafts becomes Cured.
CHAP. CLXXIX. HoTP togeU Horfes or Colu.
THere is to be obferved in the gelding of Horfes, Firft, the age. Se-
condly, the Seafonof the Year: And laftly, the State of the Moon.
For the Age, if it be a Colt, you may geld him at nine days old, or fifteen,
if his ftones be come down: For to fpeak the truth, the fooner that you
geld him, it is fo much the better, both for his growth, fhape jnd courage:
Altho' fome hold opinion, that two years old (hould be the fooneft ; but
they are miftaken, their Realbns are weak therein.
Now if it be a Horfe that you would geld, then there is no fcruple to
be made of his Age: For it is without any queftion, that a perle£l Farrier
may geld a Horfe without danger at any Age whatfoever, being careful
in the Cure.
Now for the feafon of the Year, the beft is in the fpring, betweeij
Jpril and Mayy or in the beginning ofjiwe at the fartheft, or elfe about
the Fall of the Leaf, which is the latter end of Sepumber.
Now for the State of the Moon, the fittefl: time is ever when the Moon
is in the Wane ^ as touching the manner of Gelding it is in this fort,
whether it be a Foal, Colt, or Horfe : Firff, you (hall cafl him either up-
on Straw, or upon fome Dunghill : Then take the Itone between your
foremoft Finger, and your great finger, you fhall with a very fine Incifion
Knife flit the Cord, fo that you may prefs the ftone forth, and no more :
Then with a pair of fmall Nippers, m.ade either of Steel, Box- Wood, or
Brazil, being very fmooth, and dap the ftrings of the ftone between
them, very near unto the fetting on of the ftone, and prefs them fo hard,
?hat there be no fiux of Blood : Then with a thin drawing Cauterizing
Iron made red hot, fear away the ftone 5 then take a hard Plaifter made of
RoiGn,
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 2 8p
Rofin, Wax, and wafht Turpentine well molten together, and with your
hot Iron melt it upon the head of the firings: Then fear the firings, and
then melt more of the Salve, till fuch limes as you have laid a good
thicknefs of the Salve upon the firings: Then loofe the Nippers, and as
you did fo with that fione, fo do with the other alio : Then fill the two
flits of the Cod with white Salt, and anoint all the outfides of the Cod
and all over the Horfe's belly and thighs with Hog's greafe clean rend*
red, and fo let him rife : And keep him either in fome very warm Stable
or othervvife in fome very warm Pafture, where he may walk up and
down i for there is nothing better for a Horle in this cafe, thin moderate
Exercife.
Now, if after thegcldirg you do percieve that his Cod and flieath
doth fwell in any extraordinary Fafhion, then you (hall chafe him up and
down, and make him trot an hour in a Day, and it will foon recover him
and make him found without any impediment.
CHAP. CLXXX. 0/ the makhig of Curtails^ or cuttivg of the
Tails of Horjes.
THE Curtailing cf Horfes is ufed in no Nation whatfoever, fo much
as in this Kingdom cf ours, by realon of much Carriage, and heavy-
Burthens which our Horfes continually are exercifed and employed withal
and the rather, fince we are firongly Opinioned, that the taking away of
thofe joints doth make the Horfe's Chin or Back a great deal fironger
and more able to fupport a Burthen, as in truth it doth, and we daily
find it by continual Experience.
Now for the manner of Curtailing of Horfes, it is in this fort : Firft
you Ihall with your Finger and your Thumb grope till you find the third
joint from the letting on of the Horfe's Tail, and having found it, raffe
up ail the Hair and turn it backward: Then taking a very fmall firong
Cord, wrap it about that joint, and pull it both with your own firength
and another Man's, fo ftrait as you can poffible pull it: Then wrap it
about again, and draw it as firalt or firaiter again ; and thus do thre& or
four times about the Tail, with all the poUible firairnefs that may be; and
then make fa ft the ends of the Cord : Then take a piece of Wood, w'hofe
end is fmooth and even, of juft height with the firunt of the Horfe's Tail
and fetting it between the Horfe's hinder Legs, after you have tramelled
all his four Legs, in fuch fort that he can no ways ftir, then lay his Tail
thereupon, and taking a main ftrong fharp Knife made for the purpofe
fet the edge thereof fo near as you can guefs it, between the fourth and
fifth joint, and then with a great Smith's Hammer, firiking upon the
back of the Knife, cut the Tail afunder : Then if you fee any blood to
ifTue forth ; you (hall know that the Cord is not firait enough, and there-
P P fore
Of Cures ChyYurgicaL Lib IL
lore you mutt draw it ftraicer, but if no blood ioliow, then it is well
bound : This done, you (hall take a red hot burning Iron, made
round "after this fafhion, of the full compafs of the Flefh of the
Horfe's TaiL that the Bone of the Tail may go thro' the hole, and
with it you (hall fear the Flefh till you have mortified it-, and in
the fearing you (hall plainly fee the ends of the Veins itart out
like pap heads ^ but you fhall ffill continue fearing them, until you fee
all to be molt fmooth, plain, and hard, fo that the blood cannot break
thro' the burning: Then may you boldly unloofe the Cord, and after two
or three Days, that you perceive the Sore begin to rot, you fhall not
iTiifs to anoint it with frefh Butter, or elfe with Hogs-greafe and Turpen-
tine, until it be whole.
CHAP. CLXXXl. To make a white Star in avy part of a Horfe.
IF you will at any time make a white Star, either in your Horfe's fore-
head, or in any other part of his Body, you fhall according to the
Opinion of the moft ancient Fariers, Take a Tile ftore, and at er you
have bijrned it, beat it into fine Powder : HJ^ Then take Lilly Rcots^
Dafie Roots, White brier Roots, of each a like quantity, ard having dried
them, beat them alfb into fine Powder, and mix them with the firfl" :
Then with a Razor fhave that part of your Korfe where you would have
your Star j and then with this Powder rub it fo vehemently, that you
Icarce leave any skin on ,: then take a good quantity of Honey-iuckle
Flowers, and a like quantity of Honey, and the Water wherein a Mole
hath been fodden, and then diftil them into a Water, and with that Wa-
ter wafh the Sore place for the fpace of three Days together, and ke&p
the Wind from it, and you fliall prefently fee the white Hairs to grow 5
for this Receipt hath been often very well approved.
There be other Farriers, which take a Crab, and roaft it, and being fiery-
hot, bind it to that part which you would have white, and it will fcald
away the old Hair, and the next Hair that groweth will be white. Other
Farriers ufe, after they have fhaved the place to take the ji.ice of .fharp
Onions, or Leeks, and to bathe the place very much therewith : Then
take Barley-Bread, as fire hot as it cometh from the Oven, and clap it to
the fhaved place, fulFering it to lie fo till it be cold ^ and then after anoint
it with Honey, and the white Hair will come. Other Farriers ufe to a-
noint the fhaven place with the Greafe of a Moldy- warp fodden, and that
will bring the white Hairs. Other Farriers ufe after they have fhaved it,
to rub the place well with Salt, and then twice every Day for a fortnight,
to wafh it with the broth wherein a Mpldy-warp and feme Swine's greafe
hath been fodden.
Other
Lib. II. * Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 2qi
Other Farriers ufe to boil a Moldy-warp in Salt-Water for three Days
together, or elfe with ftrong Lee, and ever as one Liquor confumeth, to
fupply it with another ^ then with this Decoflion being warm, anoint the
fhaved place, and it will bring white Hairs fuddenly.
Other Farriers take the Gall of a Goat, and rub the ftiaved place there-
with, and it will bring white Hairs alio.
Other Farriers take Sheep's Milk, and boil it, and in that wet a Linnen
Cloth, and being very hot, lay it to, renewing it until you may rub off the
Hair with your Finger ; this done, apply the Milk to it twice a Day luke-
warm, till the Hair do come again, which without all queftion wilibe
white.
Other Farriers take the Roots of wild Cucumbers, and twice as much
Nitrum mingled with Oil and Honey 5 or elle add to your Cucumbers
Sal Nitrum beated, and Honey, and anoint the fhaven place therewith,
and it will bring white Hairs.
Other Farriers ufe to take a piece of a Brick-bat, and with it gently to
rub and chafe the Place, till by the continuance thereof, you have rubbed
away both the Hair and the Skin, fo broad as you would have the Star,
and then after to anoint it with Honey, until the Hair come again : Or elf^
to roaft a Colewart-ftalk like a warden, or an Egg, until it be ftone hard j
and then as they come hot out of the fire, to clap either of them to the
Horfe's forehead, and it will fcald oiF the Hair, then toanoint it with Honey
till the Hair come again.
Now to conclude, and to fhew you the moft perfe£l and abfolute Ex-
periment, which I have ever found to be moft infallible, and it is thus :
You (hall take a very fine, fharp, long Bodkin, made for the fame pur-
pofe, and thruft it up betwixt the Skin and the Bone upwards, fo long as
you would have the Star; and in thrufting it up, you fhall hollow the
Skin from the Bone, the bignefs that you would have the Star ; this done
you (hall take a piece of Lead, made in the true (hape of your Bodkin*
and drawing out the Bodkin, thruft in the Lead into the fame holes 5 then
you (liall thruft the Bodkin crofs-wife the forehead underneath the Lead j
and then thrufting in fuch another piece of Lead, you fhall fee it in the
Horfe's Face to prefent this Figure ^ which being done, you (hall take a
very ftrong packthred, and putting it underneath all the four ends of the
Leads, and drawing it with all ftraitnefs, you (hall gather all the hollow
skin together on a purfe, folding the packthred oft and oft about, and ftill
llraiter and ftraiter, fo that you (hall fee it then to prefent unto you this
Figure : This done, you (hall let it reft at leaft the fpace of eight and forty
Hours, in which time the Skin will be, as it were, mortified : Then may
you unloofe the packthred, and draw forth the leaden pins, and with
your ^land clofe the hollow Skin to the Forehead hard again : And (hortly
P P 2 after
Of Cures Chyrurgical.
Lib. [I.
after you Ihall fee the Hair to fall away, and the next
Hair which cometh to be white ^and this Experiment is
moft infallible.
Now there be fome other Farriers, which will not
put in pins, nor ufe any psckthred, but only will flit
the forehead, and open the Skin on both fides, and then
put in either a Horn or a plate of Lead as big as iheSrar,
and lb let it remain till the Skin ror : Then take out the
Horn or Lead and anoint the place with Honey, and
the Water of Mallows fod, and it will bring white
Hair-, And furely this Experiment alfo is moft Infalli-
ble ^ but it maketh a loul Sore, and is fomewhat long
in bringing this Virtue to effeft.
Again, I have feen a white Star alfo made by taken
the guts of a Hen, or Pullet, and clapping them hot
as they come out of the Belly to the Horle's Face,
having in readinefs Ibme hollow round thing made for
the fame purpofe, to keep the Guts together upon
the Hotfe's Face.
CHAP. CLXXXIL Horn to 7?iah a bhck Star^ cr white Hair bhch
IF at any time you fhould have a defire to make upon a white Horfe a
black Star, you (hall take a fcruple of Ink, and four fcruples of the
Wood of Oliander beaten to Powder, incorporate this in as much Sheeps
Suet as will well fuffice, and then anoint the place therewith, and it will,
no doubt, make any white Hair black.
Other old Farriers take the Deco£lion of Fern Roots, and Sage fod in
Lee, and wafh the place therewith, and it will breed black Hair: But you
muft wafh the place very oft therewith.
1^ Other Farriers ufe to take the ruft of Iron, Galls and Vitriol, and
ftamp them with Oil: Or elfe take Souter's Ink, Gall, and Ruft, and
heat them well together, and then anoint the place therewith, and it will
turn any white Hair to black.
CHAP. CLXXXIII. To male a red Star in a Horfe's Face.
IF you defire to make in your Horfe's Face, or any other part, a red Star,
you fhall take of Aqua fortis one ounce, of Aqua vitae a pennyworth,
of
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL
of Silver to the value ot eighteen pence: Put them into a Glals, and heat
them well therein, and then anoint the place very well therewith, and it
will immediately turn the Hair to be of a perfe£l red colour, only it will
endure no longer than till the cafting ofFthe Hair : And therefore, at every
fuch time you mud renew the Hair again, if you would have the Star to
continue.
CHAP. CLXXXI V. How to make Hair come veryfoon, very thick, and
very lovg,
XS^W^ yon would have Hair to come very foon in any bare place, or to
i grow thick where it is thin, or longer where it is fhort, you fhall
take (according to the Opinion of the molt ancient Farriers) the Urine of
a young Boy, and with it at firft wa(h the place : After that take Lee
made of the unflack'd Lime, Cerule, and Litharge, and with it wafh the
Hair oft, and it will make it come foon, long, and thick.
Other Farriers ufe to wafh the place with Water, wherein the Roots of
Alth^a have been fod ^ then after dry it gently with your hand and it will
increafe Hair much. Other Farriers ufe to waHi the place with Oil
mingled with the Afhes of Nut-fhells burnt, or elfe Snail fhells burnt, and
it will increafe Hair alfo. Other Farriers take Agrimony pounded with
Goat's Milk, and with it anoint the place, or elfe Oil wherein a Moldy-
warp haih been boiled, and anoint the place wiih either ot them, and it
will increafe Hair very much. Other Farriers take the Dung of Goats,
Alom, Honey, and the blood of a Swine.- Mingle them all together, and
ftir them till they be ready to boil, and being hot, rub the bare place
therewith. Other ancient Farriers take Ne'ttle-feed bruiled with Honey,
Water and Salt, and then rub the place therewith. Other Farriers take
the root of a white Lilly, beating and fod in Oil, and anoint the pl^ce
therewith. Others take the juice of a long Onion, or elfe the juice of
Radilhes, and anoint the place therewith. Others take Tar, Oil Olive,
and Honey boiled together, and with it anoint the bare place. Others
take the Soot of a Cauldron mixed with Honey and Oil, and anoint the
place therewith.
Xj" There be other ancient Farriers which u(e this, and it is the beft
of all : They take green Wall-nut-fhells, and burn them to Powder, and
then mix it with Honey, Oil and Wine, and anoint the place therewith^
and it will encreale Hair wonderfully, and very loon.
'chap. 'CLXXXV. To make Hairfmcoth, fiick^ aitifoft. {
IF you will make your Horle's Coat to be Imooth, flick, fofr, and
ihining, you fhall, with fufficient ftore of Cloth, keep him warm at
the Heart, for the lealt inward cold will make the Hair (tare: Then you-
ih^ll make him fweat often, for that will raife upi the duft and filth, which
makes
Of Cures ChyrurgkaL Lib. H.
"makes his CoaTfoul and hard ; then you fnall, when the Horfe is in his
greatelt fweat, with an old Sword-blade, turning the edge towards his
Hair, fcrape, or as it were curry away all the white foam, fweat, and
filth,' which (hall be raifed up, and that will lay his Coat even and make
it fmooth : And laftly, you (hall when you let him Blood, rub him all
over with his own Blood, and fo let it remain two or three Days, and
then curry and drefs him well, and this will make his Coat fhine like glafs-
CH A P. CLXXXVI. How to tale off Hair majty part of a Hotfe.
IF you will at any time take ofF the Hair from any part of a Horfe yoa
fhall diflblve in Water (according to the Opinion of the moft ancient
Farriers) eight ounces of unilack'd Lime, and then boil it till a quarter
be confumed, then add to it an Ounce of Orpimenr, and then lay a Plaiiter
thereof to any part of the Horfe, and it will in few hours bring all the
Hair away.
There be other ancient Farriers which boil in running Water, Ruft and
Orpiment, and with it, being very hot, wafh the place, and it will foon
bring the Hair away.
CHAP. CLXXXVII. Hoip to cafl and overthrow a Horfe.
WHenfoever you intend to caft or overthrow your Horfe, after
you have brought him into a convenient place, as namely,
either upon lome green fwarth, or upon fome Dunghill, or in fome Barn
upon good ftore of foft ftraw, you fhall take and double a long rope,
and caft a knot a yard from the bought-, then put the bought about
his Neck, and the double rope betwixt his fore-Legs, and about his
hinder Patterns, underneath his Fetlock, then put the ends of the Rope
under the bought of his Neck, and draw them quickly, and they will
overthrow him, then make the ends faft, and hold down his head, under
which always you muft be fure to have good ftore of ftraw. Now if you
would at any time, either brand your Horfe on the Buttock, or do any
thing about his hinder Legs, that he may not ftrike, take up his contrary
fore-Leg, and when you do brand your Horfe, fee that the Iron be red hor,
and that the Hair be both fear'd quite away, and the fiefti fcorched in
every place before you let him go, and fo you fhall be furelofe no Labour.
CHAP. CLXXXVIir. Horn to htow the Age of an Horfe,
THE Age of every Horfe is known, either by his Teeth, by his Hoofs,
or by his Tail.
It is known by his Teeth : At two years old he changeth the four fore-
moft Teeth in his Head, at three years old he changeth the Teeth next unto
them, and leave no more apparent foals Teeth but two of each fide, above
and below : At four years old he changeth the Teeth next unto them, and
leaveth
Lib. II. Of Cures Chymrgical, 2oe
leaveth no more foals Teeth but one on each lide both above and below-
at five years old he hath never a foals Tooth before, but then he changeth
his Tulhes on each fide : At fix years old he putteth up his Tuflies, near
about which you fhall fee apparently growing a little Circle of new and
young Flefli \ befides, the Tufh will be white, fmall, fhort, and fliarp : At
feven years old, the two outmoft Teeth of his neather Chap on both fides
will be hollow, with a little black fpeck in them, and at eight years old,
then all his Teeth will be full, fmooth, and plain, the black fpeck being
clean gone, and his Tuilies will be fomewhat yellow, without any Circles
of young Flefh: At ni'ne years old, his foremoft Teeth will be very long,
broad, yellow, and foul, and his Tufhes will be blunt : And ten years old'
in the infide of his upper Tufhes will be no holes at all to be felt with
your Fingers ends, which till that Age you (hall ever moft perfectly feel j
befides the Temples of his Head will begin to be hollow and crooked •
At eleven years of Age his Teeth will be exceeding long, very yellow]
black, and foul, only he will cut even, and his Teeth will ftand direOity
opponte one againft another: At Twelve years old his Teeth will be long,
yellow, black, and foul, but then his upper Teeth will over-reach and hang
over his neather Teeth: At thirteen years his Tuflies will be worn dole
to his Chap, if he be a much ridden horfe, otherwife they will be black,
foul, and long, like the fangs of a Boar.
If a Horfe's Hoofs be rugged, and as it were feamed, one feam over ano-
ther j if they be dry, full, and cruity, it is a fign of a very old Age ^ as on
the contrary parr, a fmooth, moilf, hollow, and well founding Hoof is a
fign of young years.
If you take your Horfe with your Finger and your Thumb by the frern
of the Tail, dole at the fetting on by his Buttock, and feeling there hard;
if you feel betwixt your Finger and your Thumb of each fidi his Tail a
ioint ftick out more than any other joint, by the bignefs of a hazel Nut,
'then you may prefume, the Horfe is under ten years old 5 but if his joints
be all plain, and no fuch thing to be fdt, then he is above ten, and at
lealt thirteen- If a Horfe's Eyes be round, full, and (Parting from his
Head, if the pits over his Eyes be filled, fmooth, and even with his Tem-
ples, and wrinkles either about his brow or under his Eyes, then the Horfe
is young: If otherwife you fee the contrary CharaQers, it is a Sign of
Old Age. If you take up a Horfe's Skin on any part of his Body, betwixt
your Finger and your Thumb, and pluck it from the tleOi, then letting it ^
go again, if it faddenly return to the place from whence it came, and be
fmooth and plain without wrinkle, then the Horfe is young, and full of
Ihength ^ but if being pulled up, it ftand and not return to his former
place, then be affured he is very old, and exceeding wafted.
Laflly, If a Horfe that is of any dark colour, (hall grow griffel only about
the Eye-brows, or underneath his Mane, it is then an infallible Sign of moft
extreme old age ; And thus much touching a Horfe's age. CHAP. '
2p6 Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. IL
CHAP. CLXXXIX. How to fnah an old Hovfefeem yoiuig,
TAke a fmall crooked Iron, no bigger than a Wheat-Corn, and having
made it red hot, burn a little black hole in the tops of the two utmoit
Teeth of each iide the neather Chap before, next to the Tufhes, and then
with an Awl blade prick if, and make the Shell fine and thin ; then with
a fharp Scraping-Iron, make all his Teeth white and clean : This done,
take a fine Lancer, and above the hollows of the Horfe's Eyes which are
fhrunk down, make a little hole only but thro' the Skin, and then raifing
it up, put in a Quill that is very fmall, as the Quil of a Raven, or fuch
like: And then blow the Skin full of Wind, till all the hollownefs be
filled up, and then take out the Quill, and lay your Finger a little while
on the hole, and the Wind will ftay in, and the Horfe's Countenance will
be as if he were but fix years old at the molt.
CHAP. CXC. How to make a Hovfe that he JJ} Jill not neigh either in company ^
or when he is ridden.
IF either when you are in Service in the Wars, and would not be difco-
vered, or vi-hen upon any other occafion, you would not have your
Horfes to neigh, or make a noife, you fhill take a lift of woollen Cloth,
and tie it fait in many folds about the midftof your Horfe's Tongue ^ and
believe it, fo long as the Tongue is fo tied, fo long the Horfe can hy no
means neigh, or make any extraordinary noife with his voice, as has been
often tried and approved of.
Chap. CXCl. How to make a Hjrfe exceeding quick and nimble of the Spur.
IF your Horfe be either dull of the Spur thro' his natural inclination or
thro' tiring, or any other Accident, you fliall firft fhave him the
breadth of a Saucer on both fides, juft in the Spurring-place, on both fides
the Vein, then with a Lancet make fix IfTues or fmall Orifices on both
fides i then raifing the Skin from the Flefh, you fliall put into the holes a
pretty quantity of burnt Salt, which will make the Sore to rankle.
In this fort you (hall keep it three Days, and by no means ride the Horfej
the third Day being ended, you (hall fet a Child on his Back with Spurs,
and make him fpur the Horfe in the Sore place, which done, you (hall
wafh the place with Pifs, Salt, and Nettles fodden well together, and it
will make his Sides fmarc fo extremely, that he will never abide the Spur
after.
Now you Ihall let him ftand after his wafhlng three Days more and
then take half a pint of Honey, and with it anoint his Sides once a Day
till they be whole. Alfo rub his Sides with the Powder of Glafs, and
it will do the like. r-xin %
C H 1 n.
Lib II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 2pj
CHAP. CXCII. How to make a Horfe that tiret, or it refiifff to go
forward,
IF your Horfe, (as it is the common nature cS Jades) through thenaugh-
tinefs of his Nature, or dulnefs of Spirit, be either fb reftiff or fo tired,
that he will not go forward a focr, but ftandeth fiock ftill, you fhall then
make a running Suickle of a good fmall Cord, and put it about his Cods
and Stones, in fuch fort that it may no; flip: Then you ihal! draw the reft
of the Cord between the Girths and the Horfe's Body, and bringing it up
juft between the Horfe's fore-Leg«, befure to hold the end of the Cord in
your Hand as you fit in the Saddle, then ride the Horfe forward, and when
be beginneth to grow reftiff or to ftand fiill, then pluck the Cord and
cramp him by the Stones, and you frail fee that immediately he will go
forward. And in this manner yoiT (hai: i:"j him for at leaft a Fortnight to-
gether, and it will clean take away that evil Qiiality.
CHAP. CXCni. Other mofi excellent and appro'ved wap to preferve a Horfe
from tinng^ never difclojed till now.
IF your Hr)rfe,either through violence ofLabour,diftemperatureof Body^
or naughtinefs of Nature, happen to tire under you, or Travel not with
that Spirit you defire, then when you come to a baiting-place alight, and
fet up your Horfe warm, but do not walk him : Then after he hath been
well rubb'd, take a quart of ftrorg Ale, and put thereto half an Ounce of
the fine ferc'd Powder of Eiicampane, and brew them together, then give
it the Horfe with an Horn ; which done, tie his Head to the Rack, for you
need not care for Provender till Night, at which time provender him well,
and in the Morning give him Oats or Bread, or both, in plentiful manner,
and being ready to lake his Back, give him the former quantity of Ale and
Eiicampane as aforefaid ; and doubtlefs you fhall find him to Travel with
great Courage and Spirit, as hath been approved. Alfo, if you take a
bunch of Penny-royal, and tie it to the Mouth of your Bit or Snaffle, you
fhall find it very comfortable, and it will caufe your Horfe to travel luflily.
XI" Again, If you take of your beff Tobacco, and dry it in the Sun in a
Giafsclofe ftopt, then pound it very fmall and mix it with an equal quan-
tity of Cockle fhells, then with the Oil of Dill and the Oil of Cloves make
the Powder into a Pafte, then make pretty round Balls thereof as big as
Wall-nuts, and dry them in the Shadow in the Dog-days, then keep them
clofe in a Gally-por, and give them as Pills in the time of Neceffiry ^ that
is to fay, a Ball at a time, whenibever your Horfe fhall fail in Travel i
And this doth not only help tiring, but alfo takes away any Cold what-
foever.
gpg Of Cures ChfruYgical. Lib. II
|3» Laftly, If your Horfe notwichrtanding for all this, do happen at any
time to tire, then prefently take otF his Saddle, and with the Herb Arfrnart
rub his Back all over very hard, then laying Arlmart under the Saddle, fo
ride him gently at firft, and if there be any Life in him, it will make him
go, af it hath been made proof of.
CHAP. CXCIV. How to maks a Horfe to follow his Maf^er, and find him outy
and challenge htm amongfi never jo many People.
IF you will have your Horfe to have fuch a violent Love towards you,
that he (hall not only follow you up and down, but alfo labour to fird
you out, and own you as foon as be hath found you : You (IkII then rake
a pound of Oat-meal, and put thereto a quarter of a Pound of Honey, and
half a pound of Lunarce, and then make a Cake thereof, and put ic in
your Bofora next unto your naked Skin : Then run or labour your fclf up
and down until you fweat, then rub all your Sweat upon your C-^ke; this
done keep your Horfe fafting a Day and a Night, and then give him the
Cake to eat, which as foon as he hath eaten, you (hall turn him loofe, and
he will not only moft eagerly follow yon, but alfo hunt and fcek you out
when he hath loft or doth mifs you ; and though you be environed with ne-
ver fo many, yet he wiU find you out, and know you, and you (hall not
fail, that every time he cometh unto you, you (hall fpit in his Mouth, and
anoint his Tongue with your Spittle : And thus doing, he will never for-
fake you.
CHAP. CXCV. The l^ature and ffscial ^alities of all the Simples that are
fpohn of in this whole IVork, Jet down in the manner of Jlfhakt.
A
ABrotanum, which we call in Engli(h Southern- wood, is hot and dry in
the third Degree, and openeth the Pipes of the Body, and is good
for (hors Wind.
Abjinthium^ which we call Worm^wood, is hot in the firft Degree, and
dry in the fecond ; it cleanfeth and bindeth, and is good for the Stomach.
AcetOf which we call Vinegar, efpecially if it be of Wine, is cold and
piercing, to wit, cold in the firft and dry in the third Degree.
Agaricum, is hot in the firft, and dry in the fecond Degree ; it expelleth
Humour, purgeth all Flegm and Cboler, and is good for the Liver and
Kidneys.
AlUHntt which we call Garlick, is hot and dry in the fourth Degree ; it
drawetb, openeth and expelleth all evil Humours.
Agrecumj which we call Creffes, is hot and dry in the fourth Degree;
it burnetb, draweth, and diffolvetb, and is exceeding good for Scurf, or
wild Scabs, or for the Lungs.
Agripay
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical. 2pp
Agnfat is a known Unguent that is good againft all Tumours.
Altinti called commonly Roch-Allum, is hoc and dry in the third De-
gree, and is good for Cankers.
Alder, or Elder-Tree, is hot and dry, it purgeth Choler and Flegm, and
healeth Wounds,
Aloe»j is hoc in the firft, and dry in the third Degree : It cleanfeth and
didblveth, and alfo comforteth the vital parts.
Althaea, which we call white Mallows, is hot and dry : It loofneth
and fcattereth Humours, warmeth and moiftneth very much.
Almonds J are hot and moilt in the firft Degree, provoke Urine, and
are very good for the Lungs or Liver.
Ambrofia, which we call Wood-fage, reprelTeth, driveth back, and
bindeth Humours.
Ammoniacum is hot in the third, and dry in the fecond degreee : It foft-
neth and dillolveth Humours.
Anetunty which we call Dill, hot in the third and dry in the fecond De-
gree : It ripeneth crude Humours and expelleth Heat.
Annifecds are hot and dry in the third Degree: Expel cold, diflblve Hu-
mours, and provoke Urine.
Antimonium, or StihiuTn, is cold and dry ; it bindeth, mundifieth, and
purgeth.
^pio, which we call Smalage or Parfly, is hot in the firft, and dry in the
fecond Degree ; it ripeneth, cleanfeth, opt^neth, and provoketh Urine.
Arifiolochia, which we call Birthwart, or Heamvon., is hot, and clean-
feth : But if it be Rotunda, then it is fo much ftronger, being hot and ,dry in
the fourth Degree : It draweth and purgeth thin Water and Fiegm, and it
good to open the Lungs; it is good againft all manner of Poifbn whatso-
ever, or biting of any venomous Beafty.
Armoniack, both drieth, cooleth, foftneth and draweth.
Artemtjta J which we call Great Tanfie, or Mug-wort, is hot in the fecond,
and dry in the third Degree : it is very good for Worms, and fwellings in
the Sinews.
Arfnick of both kinds, is hot in the third, and dry in the firft Degree; It
bindeth, eateth, and fretteth being a very ftrong Corrofive.
AJfafatida, is a Gum that is hot in the third, and dry in the firft Degree :
It clcinfeth evil Humours.
Afphaltum is a Pitch that is mix'd with Bitumen : It is hot and dry, and
comtorteth any Swelling.
AJJonteo is hot in the firft, and dry in the fecond Degree : It cleanfeth and
drieth, and is good for to comfort the Stomach.
Ajjnugia, which we call the foft or frefh Greafe, is hot and moift in the
firft Degree : U mollifieth,ripenetb, and healeth any Wound, Impolthume,or
Ulcer. Q.q a Avtfi»
200 Of Cures Chyrurgicat, Lib. II.
Avtnay whicli we caJi commonly Oars, are naturally dry : They do dry,
bind, cleanfe, and comfort all the inward Parts, and are the only principal
Simples which do naturally agree with the compofuion of a Horfes Body ;
and therefore the Oil, or the Qiiinteflence cf them is the. only abfolute and
perfect Medicine that can be adminifired for any inward Sicknefs, as Expe-
rience will approve and make perfed.
Avelane, Which we call the Afhes of Nut-(hels burnt, are hv)c and dry^
and do skin or ftop the flux of Matter.
B
BAy-henks are vehemently hot and dry,, and are good for all manner of
Rheums, or fliortnefs of Wind, efpecially for any Difeafe in the Lungs :.
They are good againft Poifons, Gonfumptions, fliort Breath, Flegm, hard-
nefs of hearing, help tiring. Cramps, Scurvy, the Stone, fioppings of the.
Liver, cure the Yellows and Dropfie.
Bdfamum is hot and dry in the. fecond Degree : It cleanfeth,. drawetb,,
and comforteth.
Bdellium \^^Gx\m that is hot and dryr It foftneth, and draweth away
moifture, and is excellent againlt all hard fwellings whatfoever.
Bertonicum, or Bettonici*m, which we Call Dog-ltone, or Kegwort, is hot-
and dry in the firlt Degree : It purgeth and cleanfeth all evil Humours.
Fiacca is cold and dry in the fecond Degree .- It clofeth things opened, it
foftens, hardens, fiUeth places empty, and doth extenuate all Excretions,.
Bittole, which we call Beets, is cold and moift, and cleanfeth Ulcers,
Bitumen is a kind of Brimftone, or fatnefs from the Sea, it is hot and
dry in the fecond Degree, and comfortable againlt any fwelling.
Bottiro is hot in the firlt, and moift in the fecond Degree, and it ripen-
cth Impofthumes.
Bole- Armenia is a certain Earth which is cold and dry, which bindctb and
driveth back evil Humours, and is alfo an excellent defenfive againft fluxes
of Blood.
Branc-Vrfin is a wonderful great foftner and mollifier.
Brajfica^ which we call Coleworts, is very dry, it doth conglutinate
Wounds, it healeth Ulcers and Tumours, it hbldeth the Seed, and killeth
evil Bumours.
Brotano, which is the fame that Ahotanum is ; look there.
Brufeoj which we call Butchers Broom, or Knee- holm, is hot in the fe-
cond Degree, and dry in the firft ; It provokes Urine.
Brionyy of thefe are two kinds, the White and Black ; but the White is
more effeftual : The Root of it is hot and dry in the fecond Degree : It clean-
feth and ripenetb, and is good for all old Difeafes 5 it aJfo drieth, draweib,
and moUifietb ail maDner of hardnels*
' G CaU'
Li'>. U. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 501
II' ■ ' I I 1 I I III .1 ■ II imi ■ w
G
CJlafonia, or Colofoma, doth incarnate Ulcers, and doth conglutinate
things which are feparated.
Calammto, ubich we call wild Penny-royal, or wild Mint, of which, that
which grows on rhe Mountains is the beft, is hot and dry in the third De-
gree, doth refulve Tumours, and draweth away Humours.
Cancina viva^ which ue call unllackM Lime, is hoc and dry in the fourth
Degite, it adjufteth, drieth and corrodeth.
Camomiiat which we call Camomile, is hot and dry in the firft Degree :
It m.;!;i,i-:th and dilTolveth all Griefs, and is good efpecially for the Liver.
. Camedros^ wiiich we call Germander,^ is hoc and dry in the third Degree,
and !<; good againft all moid Colds.
Camfora is a kind of Gum which is cold and dry in the third Degree ;. it
preferveth the Body from Putrefaction, and bindeth Humours.
Cambis, which we call Hemp, is hot, the St;ed whereof driveth away
extraordinary Colds ; ir ripeneth and dilTolveth Humours, and molh'fieth:
and dricth Inflammarions.
Cw<?«?<7» is hoc and dry in the third Degree, and is comfortable in all
inward Sicknelfcs.
Canna, which we Call Reeds, efpecially the Hedge-Reed, draweth out
Pricks, if you lay the Roots to the Knobs.
Cantbandes are certain Flies, which are hot and dry in the third De-
gree ; they will raife Blilters in the found Parts.
CapiUi Veneris^ which we call Maidtn's-hair, is dry, and bindeth loofe Hu-
mours
Cardtmonitm is hot ; it extenuateth Humours, and being mix'd with Vi,
negar, killeth Scabs.
Clows are hot and dry in the third Degree, and are very comfortable :to
the inward Parts,
Carravaiei are hot and dry in the third Degree, it helpeth Wind and
cleanfeth evil Humour?.
Ca[fia\i hot and moift in the firft Degree; it expelleth Wind, diflblveth
Humours, and purgeth the Stomach of Choler and Flegm.
Cafioreum is hot and dry, and purgetb much.
^ Cabbage is hot in the firU,and dry in the fecond Degree; it cleanfeth and'
ripeneth Humours.
Cinere, which we call Afiies, are hot and dry in the fourth Degree, and
cleanfe mightily.
Cf»f«rw, which we call wild running Bettony, fmelling like Marjoram is
hot and dry in the third Degree ; it bindeth Wounds, and conglutinateth,
and IS good for difeafed Livers, for. the Worms, Sores and Wounds, and
18 commonly called Centaury.
Ce^e^
Of Cures ChyrurgicaL Lib. 11.
Ce/?5, which we call Oniom, is hot in the fourth Degree : It doth cleanfe
Corruptions and ripen Swellings.
Ceyvil is hot and dry, and bindeth much.
Cerufa is a white Ointment made of Oil and white Lead ; it is cold and
dry in the fecond degree j and for the Effeds, it hath ail thofe which Bracca
hath.
CerecaHo. See CerecocoUo.
Cbelidoniumy which we call Scladme, is hot and dry in the third Degree;
it cleanfeth all putrefadtive Humours, and is excellent againft inward fick-
nefies, efpecialiy Yellows or Jaundice.
Cicutaj which we call Hemlock, is cold in the fourth Degree, it num-
meth and aftonieth.
Cicoria, which we call Succory, is cold and dry in the firft degree, and
bindeth much.
Comin is hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond : It miOllifieth
and ripeneth. •
Cipallo, which is Leeks, or as we call them, Chives. See Cepe.
Ctnobar, or Sanguis DraconiSj or as we call it VermiUion^ is a certain Me-
tal d»awn from (Jiick-Sulphur and Qiiickfilver ; it drieth, healeth, incarna-
teth, bindeth and comforteth Ulcers,
Cito or Cifio^ is dry in the' fecond Degree, and bindeth much.
CitronSf or Cithrons, are cold and moilt in the fecond Degree, they do
cleanfe and pierce.
CoUoejmnuda is hot and dry in the third Degree, and mandifteth only.
Colofoniaj which we commonly call Earth-pitch, or Greek-pitch, is hot
and dry in the third Degree ; it conglutinateih and gathereth together. See
Fece Grace.
Cocumer't. See Cucumer.
Confolidaj which we call Comphry, is cold : It conglutinateth and bind-
eth, and is good againft Ruptures.
Co/ro, or Cojjo, being bitter, is hot, and healeth Ulcers;
Cofusy is hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond Degree ; and it
raifeth up Worms, and is that which we call Herb Mary, or the root of
Angelko.
Corne di cervo, which we call Harts-horn, is dry, yet it ftrengthneth very
much, and expelleth Poifon.
Crocufjtj which we call Saffron, it hot in the fecond, and dry in the firft
Degree : It bindeth, comforteth, and refolveth Impofthumes.
Cucumeri Sihaggiy is hot and dry in the third Degree : It diflfolveth, foft-
neth and purgeth Flegm.
Cucumtrt elatmum, is cold and moift in the fecond Degree : It cleanfeth
much, and ii made of the juice of wild Cucumbers.
Dates
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 305
DAtes are hot and moift in the fecond Degree : They do refoWe and
difperfe things knic together.
Diaeatholican purgeth all offcnfive HiHUours which offend the Body what-
foever.
Diafhcenicm or Diaphenicm, purgeth Wind exceedingly, and comforteth
all Gritfs of the Belly which arc begot by crude Humours, fpringing from
Cholicks or fuch-like Pains,
Diahea or Dialthaa, is an Ointment made of Holy-Hox, or Sea Mallow :
It warmeth and moiftneth.
Dragon-u*ort is hot and dry, and bindeth much.
E
E6«/i, which we call Elder, is hot and dry in the third Dep.ree ; it dri-
.ch, and drivethout Water, and expelleth Choler and thin Flegm. See
Sambucus.
EUera terrefris^ which we cat! Ground Ivy. See Hedera.
Elaierium. See Cucumeri.
EUeboroy which we call netzing Powder ; of it are two kinds, the white
and black : It is hot and dry in the third Degree.
Erucaj which we call Rocket, and o\ which the Wild is the beft ; the
Seeds therof are hot and dry, and expelleth Urine, Worms and Water.
Elufaj which is an Herb like Spurge ; it is hot in the fourth Degree, and
drietb and cleanfeth exceedingly, and of feme called Woolf '« Milk.
Euforhium is a Gum that is hot in the fourth Degree ; it drietb, purgeth,
cleanfeth, and exu!cera:e much.
Excru/itn is that which we call Oxicratiott, is a certain compofition or mix-
ture made of Jceto and Water, and is good to allay Swellings and Tumours
F
FJha, which we catl a Bean, is cold and dry, and it cleanfeth, and dif-
folveth very much.
Farina, which we call Bran, is hot and dry in the firft Degree, and dif-.
folveth very much.
Fern is dry and binding, but the Root is hot and cleaning, and killeth
Worms.
Feliej which we call Gall, is hot and dry, and it cleanfeth and mundifieth,
Ferrugo, which we call the ruft of Iron, is hot and dry in the fecond De-
gree ; Ic comforteth, and reftraineth evil Humours.
Ficiaridij which we call dry Figs, are hot and dry in the fecond Degree ;
they rip;n Tumours, foften and confume hardnefs, and are good for Pur-
fivenef?, Coughs, and Difeafes of the Lungs.
Fikmontano, which we call a Dodder-, being a thing th^t cleaveth to Herbs,,
winding about them like Threads j it openeth^^ the Liver arj Milt, and pur-
geth all Fkgm and Choler* FHcnio.
f ■ _
504 Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib. II.
Ftlonio is a compofition which will aftonifli or benumb any part oriMember.
Fewwe/ is hot in the third, and dry in the firft Degree . It doth diflblve -all;
manner of grofs Humours, and is good for the Liver or Lungs.
Ftiligo, which we call Soor, is hot and dry, and it drieth n.aivelloufly,
and fo doth all Soots whatfoever.
G
GAlangay which we call Galanga), is hot and dry in the third Degree;
Ir eafeth the Stomach of all Griefs, which proceed from cold Caufes:
It ftrengthneth the Brain, and comforteth the Senfes.
Galbanum is hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond; It foftneth,
ftoppeth, and draweth away evil Humours, and is good againft a Cold.
Galla, which we call Galls, or a light fruit of Oaks, are hot and plea*
fing.
Garrijilataj which we call Herb Bennit, is hot and dry in the feeond De-i
gree.
Garofolij which we call Cloves, are hot and dry in the third Degree, and
are very comfortable for inward Sicknefs.
Ginger is hot, and is excellent to preferve heat in the inward parts.
' Gemjira^ or Gtmfiraj which we call Broom, is hot and dry in the third
Degree ; it killeth Worms, and fcoureth much.
Gentian^ efpecially the Root, is hot in the third, and dry in the ftcond
Degree; it doth exrenuate, purge, andcleanfeall evji Humours, and is
good for the Liver and Stomach, and for Wounds and Sores.
GilliOf which we call Lilies, foftneth Sinews, and are good for Wounds and
Sores.
Grawojif which is any manner of Grain and Pulfe, is cold and dry, ex-
cept Wheat, and that is temperately hot and moiit ; they do incarnate and
mundifie.
GraJJo, which is any manner of Far, is hot and moift, and doth ripen
and foften.
H
HArUndinis cortex^ which We call Cane-reed, is hot and dry in the third
Degree.
Hederaf which we call Ivy, is a great Drawer and Opener.
Helxine, which we call Pellitory of the Wall, cleanfeth and bindeth, and
is good for any old Cough, or for any Inflammations.
HyfoppOj which we call Hyfop, there is both wild and that of the Gar-
den, but the Garden is the belt ; It is hot and dry in the third Degree ;
cleanfeth and warmeth ; it is good for Inflammations of the Lungs, old
Coughs, Pofes, Rheums, and (hort Wind*
Hordeum, which we call Barly, is cold and dry in the firft Degree, and it
mundifieth and cooleih.
hcenfcy
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgUal.
I
IScenfej which we call Frankincenfe, ic drieth and incarnateth ; fee Oli.
hanum.
Ipericon, which we <:ail Saint John^s worr, expelieth moiflure, and hea!-
eth burnings.
Irios Florentia, which we Call Flo«ver-de-Iuce, efpecially the Root : It
warmeth, ripeneth, and cleanfeih, and is good for the Cough, and is hot
and dry in the third Degree.
hide lllirica. See Helf'me,
Iris is a Root that is hot and dry ; it cleanfeth and ripeneth, and is good
againft-Cold?, and pnrgeth Ulcers.
lafpianaf which we call H(§nbane, is cold in the fourth Degree; It afto-
nifheth and benummberh.
Juniper is hot and dry in the third Degree: The Berries are good for
the Stomach, Lungs, liver, and Kidneys ; itcureth all Coughs, Gripings,and
Windinefs of rhe B"l]y, and provoketh Urine; is good againftall Venom,
the infedion of the Plague, and kills Worms.
L
LTgufhumj which we call Lovage, is hot and dry in the third Dsgree ; ,It
expel lerh Wind, efpecially the Seed and Root.
I.ripathttm, which we call a Dock, is cold and moift, and it mollifieth.
Lauri, Which we call Laurel, or Bays, are hot and dry, and they cleanfe
and Mnndifie.
Lentifco is a Glim that is like Maftick ; it is dry in the fecond Degree,
and moderately binderh ; it is bitter in tafte, arid ever green. •
Linnfa, which we call Flax or Lime ; the Seed thereof is hot and dry, and
it ripeneth and moljifiech Tumours.
Lee is hot and dry in the fourth Degree ; It is very aduftive, cleanfing
and piercing.
Lithargyrto, of which there are two kinds, the one of the colour of Gold
ihe other of Silver ; It is very dry, it bindetb, foftneth, incarnateth, cooleth'
-and clofefh up ; of thefe two, that which is like Gold is the bcft.
LoliKJ»j which we call Cockle, is hot and dry in the third Degree, and
^difTolverh much.
Lumacbsy which we call Houfe-fnails without Shells, do conglutinate very
much.
M
MAha is cold and moift ; ic ftoppeth, foftneth, and mitigateth Pain.
Malvavtfcous is very dry ; it (bftneth, loofneth, and noitigatetb,
Mace is dry in the third Degree, withoac heat, and only bindeth.
Manna is of equal Temper, hot and dry; itopeneth, mollifieth, and in-
carnateth,
R r Mariaton^
Qo5 ^ Of Cures Cbyvurgical, Lib. IL
AUnat'jn or Martia'onj is a hoc unguent againlt all cold Humours ; it
helpeth the grief of Sinews, and purgeth old watery Matterf, and ripen-
eth Tumours.
Marrtibeo, wl^iich we call Hore- hound, of which there be two kinds, the
white and the black ; but the white is the better : It is hot in the rccond,and
dry in the ihird Degree ; it helpeth obftruftions in the Liver, opereth and
purgeth, and is good againlt Cold and for Sores.
Map.ck is bet in the tirft, and dry in the fecord Degree ; It draweth and
drierh, bindeth ard foftnecb, and is good againft Cold.
Medulla, which we call Marrow, of what kind fcever, is cold and moift-,
and mollifieth Ulcers ; now the belt Marrow is that of a Harr, or old bt.ig,
the next of a Calf, the next that of a Sheep, ard the lart that of a Goar,
Melj which we commonly call Honey, is hot and dry in the fecond De-
gree ; it cleanfeth the Stomach and the Entrails, ftoppeth Humours and in-
carnareth Wounds.
MeliJJa, which we call Balm, is hot in the fecond, and dry in the firft
Degree: It cleanfeth and conglucinateth.
Mentha, which we call Mint, is hot in the third, and dry in the fecord
Degree, of which the wild Mint is the beft : It killeth Worms, ic bindeth^,
it diflblveth, and is good for the Stomach, or ^ coid Liver.
Mtnito, which we call red Lead, is cold and dry, and good againft Swel-
lings.
Myrrbe or Mjrrha, is a fovereign Gum \ it is- hot and dry. in the fecond
Degree ; it cont^lutinatethj bindeth and cleanfeth Wounds, is good againlf all
Colds, killeth Worms, and heJpgth the purfick : for though it doth cleanfe
much, yet ic doth exafperate the Arteries; alfo it doth incarnate.
Morcofiia or Marcafttay is hot and dry; it comfortetb, bindeth, and melt-
eth Humours.
Mertilia is the fruit of the Myrtle- Tree, it is dry in the third Degree, it
doth bind good, and loofen evil Humours.
Morcasy which we call the Mulberry, the unripe is cold and dry in the
fecond Degree : The Bark, but chiefly the Root, is hot and dry in the third
Degree, it doth cleanfe, purge, and bind, the Root thereof killeth Worms,
and the Gum thereof doth loofen, and the Juice of the Berry doth heal
Cankers, or fore Moutha.
N
NArcijfi Radix, which we call the Root of a white Vaffodtl, or elfe Prim*
rofe peerlefs, is dry, it cleanfeth and draweth, and healeth Wounds.
Nardi Radix, which we call Sec- wall, is hoc in the firft, and dry in the
fecond Degree ; ic bindeth, and Spka Nardi provoke Urine.
JSIafittrtium is hot and dry in the fourth Degree: It burneth, it draweth
and melt§th, and killeth Worms. See /ignmm^ which we call Crcflts
L^b II. Of Cures ChyrurgkaL
Ntgella wiHCd we call Gir, is hot and ury in ihc third Degree : It itay
€th Vvind, killeth Worms, and loofneth ; yet to give too great a quantity is
dangerous.
Nitrum is ofthe fame Nature that Salt-peter is, andit mundifieth exceed-
ingly.
O
OLihamm is a Gum ; it is hot and dry in the fecund Degree : It warm-
etb, binderh, clofeth Wounds, and incarnateth.
Oil o{ Olives is of a very temperate Nature, and changeth its Qualities
according to the Nature ofthe Simples which are mixd with it.
O^ium is cold and dry in the fourth Degree, and is a Liquor made with
Poppy dried and mix'd with Saffron, it doth aftonifh and provoke Sleep.
Opoponax is a Gum that is hot in the third, and dry in the fecond De-
cree ; it foftneth and fiayeth Humours: It is good againfl: all Colds. See
Pap aver J Galbanum^ BdelUum or Sagapenum.
Oripimerto is a kind of Metal, of which the Artificial is called Arfenick ;
it is hot in the third Degree, and dry in the fecond ; it bindeth, corrodeth,
burneth and frettcth, and is a Corrofive.
Origano, which we call wild Marjoram or Penny-royal, is hot and dry in
the third Degree ; it taketh away ftoppings, and is good for Coughs.
Orohus, which we call Fitchep, are hot in the firft, and dry in the fecond
Degree : They do open and cleanfe.
Oriz>0j which we call Barly, is cold and dry in the firft Degree: It ri-
peneth and clcanfeth.
Urtica, which we call Nettles, are hot and dry; They are biring, and
wholefome for the Lungs, or for Sores.
Ovuffi, which we call Eggs, the White is cold, and the Yolk is hot, and
doth incarnate.
P
PAnacea is that Herb whofe Fruit we call Oppopomx.
Panico is a Grain which ws call Panick ; it is cold and dry, and bindeth.
■TapaveYf which we call Poppy, the Seeds thereof are white, and hot in
the fourth Degree. See Opium.
Tafiinacbey which we call Parfnips, are hot, and do provoke Urine.
Tece, which we commonly call Pitch, is hot and dry in the fecond De-
gree, draweth, drieth and ripenetb.
p€ce liquida, which we call Tar, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, is
good againit Colds, or evil Humours gathered together in the Breaft, and
draweth Wounds.
Pece Rejina, which we call Rofin, or pitch of Greece^ it draweth, healetfe,
and incamatetfc.
R r 2 ^ect
30 8 Of Cures CbyrtirgicaL Lib. H.
Pece Rejina & l:(jm(ia, which wc call Turpeniire, ic doth draw, skin, in-
carnate, and conglutinate things together.
Pepper is hot and dry in the fourth Degree ; it is both atrraflive and mun-
dihcadve, and good for all Difeafes of the Breaft or Lungs.
Peaches are cold and moirt in the lecond Degree: They bind and ftir up
Worm«.
Petafitesi which we call Butter-bur, is dry in the third Degree.
Petrojium is a certain Oil made ot, Salt- peter and Bitumen ; it is hor and
dry in the lecond Degree, it heaieth Wounds and comforteth weak Members.
Feirocell'mmj which we call Paificy, or Stone-ParIl«2y, is, and tfpecially
its Seed, hot and dry in the third Qegree: It ftays Wind, opencth and pro-
vokerh Urine.
Philmium, of which there are two kind?, Phtlonium Rowamm, and Philo'
n'ium Farficuwy are excellent CompofKions, and irjoft comfoi table after tbe^
lof? of Biood.
Pohgonoj which we call Knot.graf?, is cold in the: fecond Degree, and
keepeih back Humours.
FlantagOj uhich ive call Plantain, is cold and dry in the third Degree : It
C( mforceih, drieth, bindeth, and incarnateth Wounds.
Pvrri, which ue call Leeks, Scallions or, Onion?, are hot and and dry.,
and do extenuate Obftrui^ions, , and raife and loofen, all evil Humours, in
the Body.
Puce or porrumj is hot in the fecond Degree, andit is good for all cold wa»
terilh Stomachs.
Ppiiegium, which we call Penny- royal, is hot and dry in the third Degree;
it doih'vehcmently dry in moifture, warmeth, ripeneth, and is good for the
Lungt.
Punicim Maluw, which we call Pomegranate, is cold and dry: It bind-
eth, provoketh Urine, and is good for the Stomach.
TJ Jfano or Rafams, Which we call Radial* Jshot in the third, and dry in
JV the fecond Degree ; They comfort, and are good for old Colds; but
specially they provoke Urine.
Refmay which we call Rofin, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree ; it
ftpppcth„ foftnethjCleanfetb, draweih and purgeth Wounds, and is good
againft cold Caufes.
Rejalgar. See Rejigalla..
Rigoretio 01 Rigalfo^ which we call Liquorice, is temperate in hear,, and
moiftneth, and ripeneth, and is good for heat in the Stomach or. J-iVje,r,^ii(i
profttable againft Wound?. -V^'> *- .
Ripgallay is a Compofition of Sulphur, Orpiment, and unflack'd Lime,
and is a moft ftrong Corrofive.
Rofaflos, which we call Rofe^eaves^ or Rofe-cakes? are dry and binding.
" ^ Rxibea,
Lib. II. Of Cures Chyrurgical, jop
Kuheay which we call Madder, is dry : It comforteth and incarnateth ,
the Root thereof provoketh Urine, and is good for the Vellows.
Rithirh or Raharhj is hot and dry in the fecond Degree, it purgeth Cho-
Icr and Flegm, and putteth away Stoppings.
Rutay which we call Rue or Herb-grace, is hot and dry in the third De-
gree ; but the wild Rue in the fourth Degree, and therefore exulcerateth :
The Garden Rue digefteth, and mightily comforteth all inward Inflamma-
tions, it ripeneth, and drietb, and expelleth Wind.
S
SAvina, which we commonly call Savine, is hot and dry in the third De-
gree, it openeth, diflblveth, drieth mightily, and is molt (bvereign a-
gainlt Worms.
Sacoro is hot and moift, and is very comfortable.
Sagapemm. See Serapim.
Sagma^ or Sagginay or Sorgo, of fome called Panlcum Inchcum, is only hce
and dry.
Salo, which we call Salt,. is hot and dry in the i'-cond Degree; and it
cleanfeth.
Salamora^ which we call Brine, or Water and Salt, is of the fame Na-
ture that Salt is.
Sal Armoniack is hot and dry in the fourth D-^greej and it cleanfeth.
5<?/e^, which we call Sallows or Willows; it bindeth and drieth vehe*
msnrly.
Sal gemma is a kind of Salt which is hot and dry : It cleanfeth and mun*
difi-th.
Sal'-Nitro. feme ufe for this-, Salt Peter; it it hot and div, and evappra-
teth: It comforteth finews, and takethaway tiring or wearinefs.
Sahiay which we call Sage,, is hot and dry in the fecond D. gree : U
cleanlVch and bindeth. Is good tor Wounds, or Exulceration of the Lung?.
Sambucusj which we call Elder-tree or Wall-worr, tliat is like Eder-trce,
if hot in the fecond Degree, and dry in the firft : Ic drieth, digefteth, arid,
conglutinateth.
Sandoloj which we call Sanders, are cold and dry in the fccond Degree,
and drive back Humours. ♦
Sandolo RoJJo, or Sandolo Bianca, which we call red Sand, or white Sand,
are r,ot and dry, and bring on Skin.
Sanguis Draconh. See Cinabar. Yet fome ta.ke it for the red Dock, pr-rcd
Patience, but it \9 not fo.
Sapone, which we call Soap, is hot ; Ic dravvetb, moilifieth, drieth, clean-
feth and purgeth,
Saj[[ifragiaj which we call Saxifrage, is hot, dry, and binding.
5f<2^/5/i?, which we call Scullions, is hot and dry in the fecond Degree;
they.
gio Of Cures Ch)rur^kuL Li'^ f.
chey do regenerate, and are good for SCsibs, iui the Lungs, or \oi ihu iote-
nefs ofthe Breafl.
Scammoniim^ which is the juice of a Ron , is hot in the third Degree : ^c
digefteth and purgeth Choier, but muft never be given inwardly, unlefs k
be corredled.
Scariola, which we call Esdive, is cold and diy, and birding.
SarcocoUa is a Gum of the kind of Euforhmm ; it is hoc and dry in the fe-
cond Degree : lecleanfeth, incarnateth, and comforteth Wounds.
Sea 07iwis IS hot in the fecond, and dry in the firft Digree; it ripeneth
and expelleth Humours, it hindereth Putrefaftion, and preierveth Health,
Se7r.o!a, Which we call young Cole-worts, are hot and dry in the firft
Degree
Sew^er-vivey which we call Houlleek, and fome call Stone-crop, is cold
in the third, and dry in the fecond Degree; it is good for burnings ar.d
Fretting.?, or for inflammation of Ulcers ; it drivcth back Humours, cool-
eth and bindeth.
Savadolce, is hot in fecond, and dry in the firft Degree : It cleanfeth
and openeth.
Serafmo is a Gum of Ferula^ it is hot in the third, and dry in the fecond
Degree ; ic mollifieth, loofeneth, and is good for Cold?.
Serpillo, which we call wild running Bctcny or Thyme, fmelling like
Marjoram, is hot and dry in the third Degree.
Smapij which we call Muftard, is hot and dry in the fourth Degree : it
draweth and refolveth, and is good for Scurfs or w^ild Scabs.
Salafro, which we call Night-fhade, is cold in the third Degree.
Suhbar-vhe^ which we call Brimftone, is hot and dry in the third De-
gree ; it draweth and difpsrfeth Humours, and killerh Worms.
Speltaj which we call Beer-Barley, is a Grain lefs than Wheat, and (hort-
er than Rye, but not fo black, is cool and cleanfing.
Sparaci, which we call Afparagus, is without any manifeft heat or cold,
and only cleanfeth.
Spiga, or Spica, which we cafl Lavender, is hot in the firft, and dry in
the fecond Degree ; ic cleanfeth and is good for the Head, efpecially the
Conlerve, which is very comfortable.
Squille, is that which we call the Sea-Onion. See Sea-Onion.
Stecados, which we call French Lavender, is hot and dry.
Storax or Stirax, is a fweet Gum, which is hot and dry : Ic corredeth,
foftneth, and is good for Coughs, or any ficknefs in the Head.
T
TArtaroy which we call Tartar, is the Excrements of Wine, which flick
to the Veflel : It is hoc and dry in the third Degree, and only clean-
feth.
Tataruch,
1 .11 I _
Lib. II. Of Cures ChyrurgicaL 211
Tatarucb, which wc call Snails wuh Shells, are ot the lame Nature the
Snails without Shells are.
7a][o harharopj which we call Yew, is of the fame Nature of Poifon.
Turpentine, is hot in the ftcond, and dry in the firft Degree : It dr awetb,
cleanfcth, skinneth and comforteth.
Thymum, which we call Thyme, is hot and dry in the third Degree, and
expelleth Flcgm.
Jhuris Lacrtmay which we call Frankincenfe, is hot in the fecond and
dry in the firlt Degree. See Olibanum.
Thurii Cortexy is dry in the fecond Degree and bindetb.
Ihuris jucculisy is hot and dry in the third Degree.
Jithjmalis, which we call Spurge or Milk-Thiftle, is hot an i dry in the
fourth Degree ; It cleanfeth and purgeih Fiegm and Choler ; and is good
for old Sores, or Fiftula's.
Trifo^a Mam is a certain Compofition which will provoke fweat^ help-
eth grief in the Stomach, and taketh away all cold Rheums.
Tutia Praparata U a certain Mineral that is cold in the firft, and dry in
the lecond Degree, and is very good for fore Eyes.
V
VEratro. See EHekre.
Vtrbenay which we call Vervein, is hot and drv: It comfcrtfrh ard
mundificch.
Verdtramey which we call Verdigreafe, is hot and dry in the third D.^gree
and is a Corrofive that eateth away dead fleOi. ' *
Vermiy Which we call Worms, do conglutinate and comfort Sinews.
Verce is hot and dry. See Brafica.
Vitro, which we cajl Glafs, is hot in the firft, and dry in the fccond a-d
it cleanfetb. '
Vinace, which we call the f^ernels of Grapes, are dry.
Virga Papris, which we call wild Tafitl, is cold in the third, and dry in
the firft Degree : \t comforteth and binderh.
rijchioy which we call Lime, is hot in the fourth Degree ; It drieth and
skinneth, but being mixed with any liquid lUiif, it burnetii, and is Ccrro
^ve.
Vicelliy or Vuis alba, which we call Briony, is hot, chiefly the Root: ic
cleanfeth and killeth Scabs ; it drieth, it draweth, mollifietli and didolveth '
Vttehy which we call the Yolks ofiany Eggs, are hot,;and^do ftrencthen
and incarnate.
Vitrioly which we call Coperas, is of two kinds, that is Vitriohm Rcmamnx,
which we call green Coperas, and Vuriolum Alhmn, which we call white
Copsras, they are hot and dry, but the while is much the ftronger: they
take away Scurfs and kill Scabs. j» > /
VitrioU
512 Of Cums Chyrurgical Lib. II.
Vttriola Caleantbutn^ is reckoned amonglt Metals, and is a kind of inky
Earth ; drieth and fretteth.
Vitriola hcrha, is an Herb that groweth on the Wall, and is taken for Pel-
litory of the Wall. Sqg Helxine.
Urtka, which we call Nettles, are hot and dry., and ftop ^nd deanfe
HumDurs, and are good for Sores.
2
ZEferano, which we call Saffron, is hot in the firfl:, and dry in the fe-
cond Degree ; it comforceth and expelleth all inward Poilbn, and in-
carnateth Wounds.
Zebulm. See Zizifhe.
Zeutomco^ which we call Worm-feed, it is hot and dry.
■ Zenzera, which we call Ginger, is of the Nature of Pepper, and hath the
ftrength of long Pepper; it maintaineth natural hear, and is good for cold
-Ston-acbs.
Ziz,ifbe takcrh away Coughs, and helpeth the (hnrtnefi? of Breath,
Zucche^ which we call Gourds, are cold and moiff in the ftcond Degree,
and it allayeth all manner of Inflammations or hot Swellings.
CHAP. CXGVIl Certain Principles mdiftg SIMPLES.
YO U (hall underlfand, that touching Simples, fomp are only to eafc
Pain, as Linfeed, Camomil, (oft Greafe, Suet of all Ibrrs, or any other
Oil that is hot in the firl\ Degree ; and whenfoever any cf thefe Simples are
ccmpounded wirh their like, the Medicine is called Ancdjneor L'yncgs
There are other Simples which are aftonying, benumbir g or bringing
•fleep; as Opium, Mandrake, Peppy, Hemlock, and fuch like, uhich arc
grofs and cold in the fourth Degree ; and whenfoevtr any of thefc Simples
are compounded with their like, then the Medicir^e is amongft Leaches cal-
led ISJarcotica.
The third fort of Simples are fuch as incarnate and breed Flefh, as Frank-
incenfe. Flour, Saffron, Yolks of Eggs, and fuch-like, which are hoc in the
fecond Degree ; and whenfoever any of thefe Simples are compounded with
their like, then the Medicine is called Sarcotica.
The fourth fort of Simples are corroding, fretting, or burning, as Arf-
nick, Riffagallo, Mercury, Lime, and fuch-like, which are hot in the fourth
Degree; and whenfoever they are applied fimple or compound, then the
Medicine is called Corrofive.
The fifth fort of Simples are thofe which are called mollifying, and are
four in number ; that is green Mallows, White Mallows, Violets, and Brank-
Urfine.
The
JLib, 11. Of Lures LbpurgicaL 315
The lait fort of Simples are thofe which are called Cordials, and are three
in number ; thar is to fay, Violets and Bugiofs of both kinds.
And thus much couching the nature, ufe, property, and operation of
Simples.
CHAP. CXCVIII. Of Weight i and Meafuresy and to know them hy
their Chara5Urs.
ALtho' I have in this Work fet down your Weights and Meafures in fuch
plain Englifh, that every one may underftand them : Yet forafmuch
as the more curious do fet down many excellent Receipts under obfcure
Charadlers, I think it good here to acquaint you with them all, that when
you find any fuch, you may not be ignorant in the underftanding of them.
Know then that the leaft of all Weights is a Grain, which is the Weight
either of a Barley-corn, or of a Pepper-corn, and his CharacHier is G or
Gr.
Siliqua is four Grain?, and hislCharatfter is/?
An Eiiglifli half- penny is five Grains, and his Chara(fter is oh.
A Scruple is twenty Grains, and his Charader is 3.
A Dram is three Scruples, or the eighth part of an Ounce, and his Cha-
radier is >.
A Roman Penny is the fame that a Dram is, and his Characfte is X.
An Ounce is the Twelfth part of a Pound Which is twenty four Scruples
and four hundred and eighty Grains, and his Character is J.
The Character of half an Ounce is J ft.
A Pound \n medicinal Receipts is twelve Ounces, and hisCharafter isfc.
The handful is fix Ounces and a half, and his Characfter is M.
The Charatfter of as much as you can hold betwixt your Fingers is i>.
The Charafter for a drop is Gut.
The Cha rafter for Drops is Gut. iij.
Ifeft. is half a Pound.
3 fs is half an Ounce.
^is is half a Dr^m.
3 it is half a Scruple.
J ) fs is an Ounce and an half
M j fs is an handful and an half.
P j fs is half an handful, which is three Ounces and an half.
Anna or an is like, or of each a like.
And thus much touching Weights and their Cbaraders.
^i CHAP. ^
I A Of Cz>:ics Cfyyrurgtcal,
CHAP. CXClX the Farriers Infiruments expoundedj with their Names
and Properties.
TH E Figure i. fheweth the Hammer, which drivetl, in the Nail. Fi-
gure 2. Pincers which breaketh oft, clencheth and draweth the
Nail,
3. The Butteris is that which pareth and openeth the Foot.
4 The RafporRape, which maketh fmooth the Hoof.
5. Ihe Cutting-Knife, which taketh away the fuperfluous Hoof.
6. The Fleam, with which he letteth Blood in the Neck, or in the grofs
places where the Vein is great.
■7. The Frvriers Lancet which openeth fmall Veins and Thred?, where
the Stroke may not be ufed.
8. The Incifion-Knife, to open Impofthumes, and to cut aivay fuperflu-
ous Fitfh.
9. The Cronec to take up Veins.
10. The drawing cauterizing Iron to open and ftpjrate the Flefli, either
found orlmpofthumated.
11. The round button csiuterizing Iron to bore holes in the skin and fwel-
led Places.
12. The Mcllets to cleanfe Wounds.
13. The Barnacles to pinch an Horfe by the Nofe or Ears, to. make
him endure pain patiently.
14 The Needle to'ftitch up Wounds.
1 5.. The probe to fearch the depth of Wounds.
And thus you have a full Explanation of all the needful Inftruments be^
longing to the skilful Farrier.
The
6 %.
Sf a
2x6 Of Cures Chyrurgical. Lib. II
The POSTSCRIPT.
Courteous Reader,
I J /lvi,,g now ivith infinite Labour and induftiy perfeffled and ff-rifhed
J this' my MASTERPIECE for the Cure of Horfes and Mares, .
wherein the Phyrical part of Horfemanniip concerrlng ihofe manifold in-
ward Diitafes which are incident to Horfes is clearly difcovered,! and the
Chirurgical part concerning outward Accid-^nr?, is p!ainly*rp?ned and de-
fcribed ; and having for the more ablo'ace advancement of H^rieminOiip,
and to give Satisfaction therein, made a particular Specalaiion and run
through every Part, Vein, Bone, Sinew and Artery pf^the Htirfe^s Boiy^ ,
dcmonilraring not only their Number and Place by Eigiire, but alfo
confidering their DifafFedions and Difeafes which df) thereunto belong;
and having alfo with much pain (as a Work of this difficult Nature rcqui-
reth) brought it to a full period, not only given you a few Terms of Arc
concerning Horfemanfliip, but making an Anatomy from K.'ad to Foot of
all the Integral Parts of a Horfe,. with their Difeafes inward and out-
ward, and their Phyllcal and Chirurgical Cure e'xadly prefcribed and fet
down, and have given you ocular Demonftrations oPthe u'hole Fabrick of
the Horfe's Body ; fo that as in a Map you may behold every fmall Parr,
River, Creek or Stream running jip and down Vcithin the Superficies of the
Earth ;, To. 1 have iikewife made and drawn divers Pj€tureF, ietring out all
the Parts and Parcels of a Horfe'sJBQdy, and 'that they, may be 'plainly feen
and confidered, 1 have moft lively delineated and figured otit every Part
and Vein in the Horfe, where to find it from Head to Foot^ I have alfo
Anatomized the Horfe in every Bone, that you may perceive their Con-
jundion, and, how they are joined, and thereby judge of their Dillocations,
and putting out of their Places : And all this you fhall at one. view behold
in the feveral Parts and Figures, which you fhall find in this Book. .
Therefore, I would advife all Gentlemen, and others, who being of a
Generous Spirit,who'^cannoc chufe but delight and take wonderful plcafure
in Horfes,to confider,that for v,7ant of Care and Experience many excellent
Horfes falling into flight and common Difeafes, have either utterly perifhed
or elfe been lamed and fpoilcd ; it will be therefore a Study worthy the
Thoughts of a Generous Spirit, to know how to accommodate and apply
Cures and Medicines to the outward and inward Difeafes of Horfes, in re-
gard that a Horfe is a Beaft whofe Praifes cannot be fufficiently declared.
The Horfe is commodious for common ufe, as pleafing Tillage and tran-
fporting of Carriages and Burthens, and alfo for Men's continual
Occafiorn and daily Journeys, In time of Peace, when Princes did ufe to
recreate
Lib. I L Of Cures ChvrurgicaL 317
recreace themfeives with Hunting Direr and ocher wild Beafts, Horles were
always had in high Eitimation and Honour ; and thofe that would out- run
the Wind, and made the beft fpeed afcer the Chacc were moft enecmed, fo
that there could be no pleafure in Hunting, if rhey had no Horfes to car-
ry them after their Game ; and what a brave fight is it to fee in a Field an
hundred or more Hiinting-Horfes riding and running this way or that way
a^rer the timorous Deer or fearful Hare ; therefore (he Horfe, as he was
made for indnllfinus Labour, fo he is fit to maintain ar.d procure the Piea-
fures and Delights of a Prince or any Noble man.
And moreover in War, the Courage and Service of a Horfe is daily now
feen, and too well knoivn : He will, as if he were animated by the found of
Drums and Trumpets, prefently rufli into the Battel, and tske delight to
charge the Enemy; he is all fire, and full of mettle and ftiry. And thus
we lee that a Horfe is not only convenient for daily Occifions of tlie Huf-
bandmen, of Travellers, and divers others, but in Princes CcHjrts he is
highly elteemed, for Htmting, for Race?, and other Paft^raes; a;^d alfo in
the Wars, his daily Service is fufficientlv known, being a Beaft of a mag-
nanimous and undaunted Courage, fo that the Horfe is naturally made
for Profit and Pleafure ; for Labotir and D.^light ; for Peace and War ; for
Hunting ; for Triumphs, and all Gallant Occi^fions,
It is pity then that a brave Florfe, well Limb'd and Spirited, falling fick
in any inward Difeafe, or outward accidental infirmity, as Sprains, Difloca-
tion ofBones, Spavins, and hundreds more Difeafes, fhould be fpniled in
fuffering the Diftafe to grow on him until it be incurable, or in applying
Remedies unfic for the Malady; whereby many a Horfe becomes maimed,
and for want of Cure, utterly difabled for any Service.
Therefore my Advice and CounfeJ i?, fas I faid beforej that if any Gen-
tlemen whatfoever, (hall have their Horfes either by outward Accident?, as
Sprains, pricking in the Feet, and the like, or inward Surlcitf, Glanderf,
Colds and Heats, by intemperate and extraordinary Riding, fall fick, or
become through the aforefaid. Infirmities any ways difabled for Service,
they fhould not depend upon their own Experience or Judgment, but
iliould wifely confider with themfeives, and conlult with the Farrier, rea-
foning together, and comparing their Opinions concerning the Caufes and
Cures of fuch Difeafes as are incident to their Horfes, that fo by this mean?,
by the height of Difcourfe and Rcafon they may come to a certain and in-
fallible Knowledge of the Horfes Difeafes and Infirmities, and having dili-
gently fearched out the Caufes thereof, they may know likewife to Cure
the fame: For you fhall meet with many illiterate Farriers, who arc not
Book-learned, and therefore have no more Knowledge than Horfes them.-
felves, but are fubjed, through their Ignorance, to run into many grofs
Errors ; fo that through their Negligence and aforefaid Ignorance, mi-
ft a king
5 1 3 Of Cures ChjirurgicaL Lib. IT.
Ibking the Quifes and Cares of Difeafes, and in one word, moft grofly, for
it is good for Expejience both in the Theorick and Prai^ick part of any
Art or Science.
For another, (to my Knowldege) many good Horfes do continually re-
main lame and unfit for Service, or elfe do utterly perifli for want of un-
derfianding their Difeafes and the particular Cures thereof. Therefore, as
wife Phyllcians do confuk together when they meet with a fick Patient, fo
i advife both Gentlemen and Farriers to compare thtir Judgments toge-
ther, whereby the Beait may ba faved, the Gentlemen and Farriers gain
Credit, and their Experience and Knowledge in the many Difeafes of Hor-
fes much bettered.
Moreover, for the Reader's greater benefit, all Simples and Compounds
good for Horfes are Alphabetically here placed, and the Conditions of them,
whether hoc or cold, with their Names and Qualities, are defcribed. Alfo
what Ounces, Drams and Scruples are to be given in any Drink. If Gentle-
men be unacquainted with thefe things, let them confer with the Farriers,
and fo confirm their Judgments by Difcourfe. And fo. Courteous Reader, I
have left you mv beft Work thus accomplilhed, and thus P^-rfefted, that i
know in all the Points belonging to the Cure of Horfes, it will give full fa-
tigfirtion, if the Reader follow the Advice of this Poftfcript.
The
Lib. 11. Of Cures Cbyrurgical. 5x0
The T A B L E of the Second BOOK,
containing all Cures ChiriirgicaL
PRoportiom cf Metnhen Page 12^. Of the Venn p. 127. The Anatomy of
Feins p. 128. Of the Sinews p. 130- Of all the Bones ibid. When a Hcrfe
jlwMhelet JS/Wp.132. Outward Sorameswhat they are p. 137. The Difeafes m
the Eyes p. 138. The Blood- j)mtten Eye 139. Of Dimnejs of Sight p. 140. A
rare approved Medicine for any defperate Ulmdnefs p 141. Anciher mo(t excclhn
and approved Receipt for any Blmdnefs ibid To Cure the PeatI, Fin, JVeh ibid.
j'inof her infallihle Cure for it p. 145;, The Haw in a Horft s Eye ibid. Of Moon-
Eres, or Limatick-Eyes p. 144. The Canker in the Eye p. 14^. For a (iripe on
a Horfe^s Eye ibid. For a Wart in the Eye p. T46. I»flatr,mation in a Horft^s
Eye ibid. The ImpoBhtme in the Ear p. 1 47. I he Po!e-Evd ibid, yln approved
Care for the Pole-Evil p. 149. Of a Horfe that ts Lave-Ear''d p 1^0, Of the
Vives or hard Kernels ibid. An approved Medtcve to Cure ',he Vives p. I C2. A-
mther ibid. Of the Strangle p. 15-3. the Ulcer « the Nofe p. i J4 Of Bleeding
attheNofep. ijf. Of Blood Rifts p. 1^6. The G:g^s ibid. 2he Lawpas p.
15-7. The Camery, or Frcunce ibid. The Canker p i ^8. Ihat in the Mcn:h
p. 1 5" 9. The Tongue hurt ibid. The Barks or Paps p. 160. Pain in the Teeth,
and cfthe Woolfs Teeth il-id Crick in the Neck p. 162. P-Ftns in the Neck p. 163.
S^veiling in the Neck after Rlood4ettmg\h\d To Staunch Blood p. 16&. Falling
oftheCreft'xb'vA. To raije i^p the Creft that is fallen p 166 Adargir.efs in ihs
Mane \h\(i. Of fir d ding the Hair p. 167, Pain m cHorJe's IVhhers ibid.
GaWd Back or iVither' p 177. Canker tn the iVithers p. 172. The Stick fa(t^
Sit-fafi^ Horns ^ or Bones growif^g under the. Saddle ibid. IVens or Knobs about
the S-^ddle p: 173. The NaveLGail ibid. Of Swaying in the Back p, 174. Of
JVeaknefs in the Back 17^, Swelling of the Cods or Stones xbld. Licording^ Rurf}.
ing,orthe Ri'p.ure in Horfe i p. 177. The Botch in the Groins p. 178. To Cure-
the Botch m the Groins ibid. Manginefs in the Tad p. 179. Maiigtmfs over the
whole Body ibid. Two mO'-& Medicines for the foule(} Alange or Leprofie
p. 182. To know when a Horfe halteth before ibid. Of halting hehiud p. i 84.
To know when a Horje hath any hidden Grief in him p i 85-. The Griff in the
Shoulder ibid. The Wrench in the Shoidder p. i^-j. The' Wrench in the Nea-
ther Joint p. I 88. Of Splatting the Shoulder \\y\6. The Sho/dder Right p 189
A Cure for any defperate Tarn tn the Shoulder p. 1 90. Siveliing of the Fore-legs 1 9 1.
Of Fotindnng in the Feet ibid. The Splent on the tnfide of the Knee p. 1 96.
How to take away any Splent p. 1 98. The Screw p. 1 99. The Mallandcr ibid.
The Upper Attaint p. ?ol. An approved Medimefcr any Sine^vftrain p. 202. A
Neat her
u.
The Table. Lib. ii.
Neatber Attamt ibid. An Attaint on the Heel ibid. The MeUet on the Heel p.
203. Fdfe garters ibid. Of hurts in the Hips p. 204. Of Slicing p. 20 y.
The hone Spave.n p. 207. The Mood Spaven, vjet Spaveny or thorough Spaven,
p. 2C9. A Medicine to Cake aivay any Blood Spaven p. 210. The Selknder p,
211. 1 he Hough Bonny ibid. The Curb p. 212. of Fains p. 2I3. Of Mides
p 215-. Of Wwd Galls p. 216, A Strain in the F aft em Joint p. 218. To
hilp any Halting, p. 2 1 9. Ihree Medicines jvhich will cure any Strain or Swel-
ling p'l'. I. Another Cure for any Strain \b\d. Of Enterfcrir.g ibid. The
Shackle-Gall'^. 22 2. Of Cafiing in the Halter \h\d. Scratches^ Crepanches, or
Rats-Tails 22 5. An appravtd Cure for the Scratches p, 225:. The Ring-kne
ibid. Hurts on the Cronet p. 227. A Cure for any Hurt on the Cronet ibid.
The Crown Scab ibid. 7 he fitter -hove p. 228, Of Gravelling, p. 229.
Of Surbaiting p. 230. Of the Prickle in the fole of the Foot p. 23 I. To draw
a Stub, Thorfs, or Iron, out of the Font p. 232. The Fig ibid. A Retrait p.
233. OfClojwgp2l^. Oh fer nations for the Feet p 235-. Of loofning the
Hoof p. 237. Of Ca(itng the Hoof p. 238. Of the Hoof hound^ 239. The
Running or Rotten Frujh p. 240. A certain Cure for the running and rotten Frufi
p. 241. Of Evil Hoofs ibid. Of Brittle Hoofs ibid To prefervc Hoofs p.
242. For Hurts en the Hoofs ^. 243. To fifttn Hoofs ibid. To harden Hoofs
ibid. Of the Malt'long ibid. ToSktn any fore Foot 244. Gcurded or Swoln
Legs ibid. A certain Cure for any [urded or fiveW'd Legs p. 245-. The Farcy
p. 246 The Canker in the Body p, 2^3. Of the Fiftula p. 254. An appro-
ved Medicine to cure any Fiftula p 298. Of the Ambury ibid. Of the CorJs
p. 2f9. T he String-halt ih\(i. Of the Spur GalN p 260. Of Wounds in ge-
mral ibid. Of hurts with Arrows 26 z. Of healing ally Sore or Ulcer
ibid. A certain and approved Cure for any old Ulcer 263. Of Bmifngs ibid.
Oflmp'jfltjumcs'p.26^, Of old Impofthumes p. 266. Of hot Impo(ihuntes\h\d.
The Tetter ibid. Of Sinews that are cut 267. Of fretting the Belly ibid.
Of Blifters, 268. To take away all Bones, Scc. ibid. How to eat away
Jupcrfiuous Flefli 269, For Knots or Joint Sj Hardnefs, 8CC. p. 270. To cure
any Wound made with Gun-pwdcr p. 27 1. Of burning with Lime ibid. The
biting with a mad Dog 272. Hurts dene by the Tusks of a Boar ibid. To heal
the biting or flinging of Serpents ibid. How to kill Lice and other Vermin 273:
Tofave Horfes from the ftlngtng of Flies ibid. Of Bones broken ibid. Of Bones
out of Joint p. 275-. To dry up Humours ibid. A Blaifter to dry up fuptrflu-
ons Moifture p. 276. Another to dry up any Swelling, &CC. ibid. To diffolve
Humours p. 277. To mollify any Hardnefs ibid. To harden any foftnefs p. 278.
To conglutinate ibid.- To mundifis and cleanfe any Sore ibid. Of repercuffive Me-
dicines \\>\d. Of burning CompofiUons p. 279. For all ma?mer of Hurts ibid.
To wake the Tower of Honey and Lime p. 280. The order of taking up of Veins
ibid. Of Cauterizing p. 298. The Cauterize aBual ibid. Of Cauterize by
Medicine 30 1. The rowelltng of Horfes p. 302. To geld Horfes or Colts p.
304
The TABLE.
304 Of the making of Curtatls p 389 To make a "whte Star 290.
Jo make a Mack Star 292. To make a red Star ibid. To make Hair grow ve-
ry joon 293. To make Hair fmooth ibid. To tak off Hair 294. To ca(i and
overthrow a Horfe ibid. To 7nake on old Horfe feem young p. 307. To know the
Age of a Horje ibid. To make an Horfe that he {hall not neigh ibid. To make
a Horfe (juick of the Spur ibid. To make a Horfe that tires go forward 297,
Other approved ways to ptejerve a Horfe from tiring ibid. To make a Horje fol-
low his Mafier p 298. The Nature and fpecial Qualities of all the Simples that
are fpoken of in this whole Work, fet down in the manner of Alphabet ibid. Prin-
ciples touching Simples p. 3 1 2. Of Weights and Meafures to know them by their
CbaraBers ibid. The Farriers hfrummts eicpounded, with their Names and
Properties p. 3 1 f.
':^^^^<:^~^^^^^jit:c^i!^Vii:^if!ii^c^^'^c^i&i^c^^i&'^r,
T t rhe
111.
The %ight Method for the Ordering and Curing of all
Dijeafes in Oxen^ Cows, Sheep:, Hogs, Goats, Dogs^
and all [mall Cattle.
I. Of o X E N.
H E worthy Author having excellently treated of the Order and
Government of Horfes, both as to their Breeding, Feeding, and
Managing, as alfo for the curing of all Difeafes they are, or
may be incident to ; I thought it very proper to add by way of
Jf^endix, this fhort, but necelfary Treatife for the Diredions
cf the painful Country- man in his ordering all other forts of Cattle, 'viz,. Ox-
en, Cows, Sheep, Hog?, &c. and herein I (hall be as (hort as may be, gi-
ving you only thofe approved Receipts, which not only the former, but
thefe modern Times have frequently experienced.
C H A P. I. For the Cough in Oxen.
A Cough of no long continuance may foon be remedied by a Drink
which you may make with Water and Barley-MeaJ, adding loms
Bean-flower and fome Stich-worr, and fo given to your Beaft,
h certain Cure for an old Cough, is. To fteep two pound of Hi(Top in
a quart or two of Water, well mix'd with eight pound ofLentil-peafe min-
gled together ; Likewife give the Beaft fine Wheat and Roots of Leeks
clean wafhed, well beat together, fafting. You may alfo ftamp Garlick
and Dragon-Water, new Ale and Butter, and being warm give it the
Beaft.
CHAP. II. For a Beaft's Hoof Hurt.
IF your Ox by chance be hurt with a Stub of Wood, or with a Coulter
or Share, on any part of the Clees, mix but the Powder of Brimftone
with a Salve of Pitch and old Greafe well melted together, then pour it
hot on any fore part.
To keep your Beads from Foundring ; When you unyoke them wafli
their Feet with cold Water ; likewife let their Pafterns and Clees be anoint-
ed with old Greafe, and they will do well.
To Cure the Gravel or a Cut in an Ox's Foot ; Let him be bathed in
warm Water, then melt Tar and old Greafe for an Ointment, and if with
old frefb Greafe you rub and chafe his Feet before you unyoke him, nothing
is better to preferve them.
CHAP.
Of Difeafes in Oxen.
C H A P. HI. For a Bruife en a Beafl's Shoulder.
LAbnuring Oxen may be lame or fore bruifed on their Shoulders, either by
going on the hard Ground, by a criifh of a Poft or Gate, let them
but bleed on the fore-Legs it (hall certainly heal them.
C H A P. IV. For a Beafl that has accidentally gotten Venom either in
his 'tongue or Body,
Your Ox u'ill commonly gap.?, and eat no Meat, but ftand holding his
Head and mourn, if he has eat any venomous Grafs or flich-like : For
care whereof, give him to fwallow down a white Onion bruifed, well mix'd
with a little good Vinegar, but befure before he has it, you rub his Mouth
and Tongue well with it.
C H A P. V. To kiU Lice or Ttcks in Cattle,
BY taking Cold after a great Rain, by fome Sicknefs or Surfeit, your
Oxen, Kine, or other Cattle may be Loufie ; for a Remedy, rub and
chafe the Beaft all over with th^ Dccodion of wild Olives mix'd with Salt,
or take Penny-royal mix'd with Garlick ftamp'd, give it the Beaft in Ale or
Beer, and chafe him a while after. Some fay Rain will kill them, if you
fift Afhes on their Backs. If you feed your Cattle well and put them into
good Pdftuie, it will not be long e'er they are Well. If they have Lice or
Ticks about them, thefe Medicines above are very good to kill them with.
Y
C H A P. V^ Jgainfi the Swelling of Cattle by eating of green Corn.
Our Cattle will be in danger of Death (without fpeedv remedy) if
_ through negligence of t'he Keeper, they eat of Barley, Rie, or Wheat,
that is near ripe, for it will lie and (prout in their Maws_, and caufe in
them a mighty fwelling. To help them, feme drive them up and down,
till they fee them alfwage thereof, and fo they recover. Some throw a
new4aid Egg, Shell and all, into the Beail's Mouth, and break it in h's
Mouth, making him fwallow it with Ale. Som.e give him an handful cf
Nettle-tops well beat, and ftrained with Wine or honeyed Water. Some
ftamp or ftrain Juniper Leaves or green Berries with Wine, and give it
the Beaft. Others give the Bealt in Ale or Beer, Soot, and the hard Rone
of a red Herring well beaten. All which are approved Remedies.
Chap. VII. of an Ox or other Beafi that have lofi their ^uide.
N Ox or other Beaft will mourn, and eat nothing (becaufe he cannot
digeft what he hath already eaten) if he happen to lofe his Quide, as
perhaps by fome occafion it may fall out of his Mouth : To remedy this,
fbme take pan of the Quide out of another Beaft's Mouth of the like Na-
T t 2 mre ;
A
The Apfcnciix.
turei it' \K Dc: a Cow wants Ucr ^'dc, tncy take paic ot the Quuc ot a-
nother Cow, giving it her to fwallow down, and (he will be well ; and (o
the like of other Beafts. Some bruife a quantity of the Herb called Cud-
wort, and put it to a quantity of Fat, and fb make the Beaft that hath loft
his Quide fwallow it, and he will amend. Others put a piece of Leven in-
to the Bead's Mouth, as aforefaid, and thereby he will recover ; But if he
have continued fo long that he is far (pent and wafted, take out his Tongue,
prick the Vein under it wi'h an Awl in two ©r three Places, and fo it will
bleed, whereby he will be well again.
CHAP. VIII. Tor JVorms in Cattle.
STamp a good handful of Wormwood, ftrain it with Ale or Beer, and
give it to your Cattle troubled with Worms. Some ftamp Garlick
and mix it with Milk or Ale, and give them. Some ftamp a good handful
of Mugwort, and being ftrained with Ale, give it the Beaft. Others ftamp
Garden-Crefles, then ftrain it with Ale, and give them. All which are ve-
ry good Remedies for Worms in Cattle.
CHAP.. IX. To help a Beafi that pijjeth Blood.
^
IN arrable Land you may find (hell-Stones, which burnt and bejlten to
Powder, and mixed in a Veffel of Milk and Water, is very proper to be
given to your Cattle ; or you may take Blood-wort and Knot-Grafs, and
(tamp a handful of each together, mix them with good Milk ; add to it
fome Rennet and feme of the Husks of Acorns : Give this in a Drenching-
Horn twice a Day, and it will effedt what is defired.
C H A P. X: To help Cattle that cannot Vijs.
TAke Cardui BmediSlus a good quantity, and fteep it in White-Wine a
whole Night, afterward ftrain it ; you may^lfo add fome Sow-Thi-
ftles, a handful of Annifeeds, and two or three Onions fliced, all fteeped the
fame time and ftrained ; and fo given to the Beaft, it will force Urine and
increafe the Appetite,
CHAP, XI For Beafis that are geared or hurt hy one another*! Horns.
YO U may take red Earth and Oaker, and mingle them well together
with a little Ale, make a Salve of it, and fpread it upon a Plaifter.
Alhes finely fifted mixed with the Grounds of Ale, have been found an ex-
cellent Remedy, but it muft be made very chick, and applied by Plaifter to
the Place grieved. It certainly heals.
CHAP.
Of Difeafes in Oxen,
CHAP. XII. To breed Calves and cut them.
AS Husbands relate, it is not convenient to take Calves of which you
will make young Bulls, which are Calved within the Prime, which
is counted five Days after the Change, for they will not prove well ; And
Calves (or any other Beafts) then calved are not good to keep, but ro eat
or fell. Two Calves of a hundred will be enough to make Bulls. For the
reft it will be beft to cut them quickly after they have calvtd, for two Years
old ; then mix with Litharge the Alhes of Vine-Twigs burnt, and put it up-
on the Sores ; three Days after, for fear of fwelling, anoint it with melted
Tar, mingled with the aforefaid Afhes.
Some approve of gelding of Calves young and tender, not with Iron,
but a cloven Hazel-ftick prefled together, railing the end by degrees, whilft
it is confumed : This way is counted beft, for it is performed without
Wound.
It is not fo convenient to cut a Calf (that is big) the firft Year, as it is
the fecond.
In Autumn at the decreafe of the Moon, it is beft to cut them, the Sign
not being in the place; then take two ftrait Laths Hke Rulers of Wood,
made in fafliion of a pair of Tongs or Barnacles, cafting him down, his Feet
being travafled together, touch him with Iron, afterwards take up the
Stone with the Nerves and firings they hang by, and clofe your Tongs under
betwixt his Body and Stones ; let the Stones be on the outfide, but clofe
them hard together, then firft flit the Purfe of one Cod, and put forth the
Stone thereat. Let it be cut off within hard by the faid Tongue, clofe up
the Nerves ; then take cut the other Stone. For fear of bleeding too much,
anoint him with frcfli Greafe, and let him go, but cut them fo, that
you leave the end of the firing joining to the faid Nerve, and he will not
lofe fo much Blood, and will not be feminate nor fiout of his Members. Af-
ter ye have thus dreflTed, anoint him with frefii Greafe.
CHAP. Xlll. The Government of Cattle^ and the ordering of Kine
Tvitb their Calves,
THE right and good ordering and nourifliing of Cattle and Kine (as able
Authors relate to us) muft be the care of the Husbandman himfelf, or
fome honeft experienced Servant that will have a diligent Eye over his Cat-
tle, whether they be Oxen or Kine, at home or abroad, and to fee that
they have (both Morning and Evening) Meat and Water fiifficient, and in
due time ; and if fick to provide them Medicines, and to get Stalls for them
to lie in, fet Eaft and Wtit, with Windows and Doers Southward, but clofe
Nortbly, for the better fecurity of the Cattle from the fharpnefs of the Win-
ter. Some hold ftrewing of Salt beat, on the Boards or Stones under them,
to
he Appe?fc/ix.
to be good for the prefeivation of the Health. Some itrew Sand on the
Planks for fear they fhould Aide. Befure they be well littered after their
Work at Night.
If you pac them out in the Spring with your Kine, ftparate the young
Calves as (bon as they have fucked their Dams, and put them feverally
into an Houfe, where they muft remain one Day ; if you have a mind
they fiiould fuck, turn them out to their Dams only Morning and
Night, then Houfe them again. Thus doing, your Calves will be fairer
and fatter than going with their Dams. If is necclfary to give K'me with
Calf of the green Herb called Melilot, ftampt with Honey, (tetpc alJ Night
in Milk : The Herb aforefaid (although the Kine be a good Nurfe herfelf )
without (he be well look'd to by the Owner, (he will nor be able to give
Nourifhment enough to her Calf. Farmers Wives may (without any wafte)
make Butter and Cheefe, when the Calves are took up and the Milk put a-
part ; gather your Cheefe well and clofe, prefs out the Whey clean, if j^ou
leave any in, the Cheefe will be fower and full of Holes: Scald and wafh
your Pots and other Veflels throughly. Let not your Women-Servants
couch the Butter or Cheefe when they have their Monthly Term?, for it is
not wholfome : It is not a good Sign for a Day-labouring Ox to bate none
ofhisFlefti, but to continue fat, for he is Flegmatick. Open his Moutlj
every eighth Day, wa(h it with his own Water, it will drad' forth theFlegni
which he woula Itill fwallow down. The Flegm oftentimes hinders his ear-
ing, and you may difcern that it occafions the Catarrh or Rheum by the
hanging down his Ei^rs, by the dropping of his Eye, and being watry:
Then bruife Thyme in White-Wine and wafh his Mouth, and rub it with
Fat and Garlick wellmixt; after this, wa(h it again as before. Several
Remedies are prefcribed for it, but for the Catarrh of Rheum, if his Eyes
do infiame, ier but Blood on the Vein under his Tongue, and you (hall find
the Cure perfected to your Heart's content.
C H A P. XiV. For T urging of Cattle.
BRuife and feeth in Water the Leaves of Adder, (Irain them, give them
to the Beaft in the Morning, and both Choler and FIcgm (hall be pur-
ged downwards by it ; it will hkewife cleanfe the Stomach of Water.
Others take a Qiiatt of Ale or Beer, putting into it a good handful of
the Tops, leaves and flowers of Centaury, which they boil until a Qtiart
of it wa(te away ; then, it being pretty warm (but befure well (trained )
they give it the Beaft, if the Sign ferve. This is a gentle Purge for Choler
and Flegm, but chiefly Flegm, and is neceffary at any time for the Cattle.
If the Weather be (harp, let him be in the Houfe fix Hours after. Some put
in a pint or more of honeyed Water or Ale, a handful of green Broom crops,
which they (teepat Ni ght, and fo (being (irained the next Morning) give it
the
Of Dijeajes in Sheep.
the Bealt warm. There are levcral cthtT chings fet down, buc thele weiJ
ordered, the Beafts will do well, God wiping.
CHAP. XV. For Fattening of Oxen.
Countrymen, and my Friends, if you defire to fat your Oxen well, ob-
ferve thefe following Diredtions : Firft, he will like his meat the bet-
ter if he go in the Sun, or if with warm' Water he be wafhed three times
a Week; then give him to eat ground Beans, diied Barley, or Elm-
leaves ; or if you boil Coleworts with Bran, ic will make their Bellies
loofe, and add to Nutriment more than Barley ; Chaff likewife fometimes
mixc with ground Beans is very good. If your Ox by Labour be weak or
feeble, once a Month give him Vetches beat and fteeped in Water mixed
with beaten Bran,- and to make your Beaft lively and nimble, rub his Horns
with Turpentine being mixt with Oil Olive ; touch not any other part of
his Head befiJe the Horns, for it will in fome time endanger his Sight.
Aho, if you rub and chafe the Muzzel or Mouth of an Ox with Garlick
bruifdd, or Leeks well beat, he being made to fwallow it, he will afliiredly
be cured of a rifing that comes over the Heart of the Beaft, whereby he
feems as th&' he would vomit.
CHAP. XVI. A certain Cure fir the Murrain or Plague amongft Cattle.
THere are feveral Remedies for the Plague or Murrain amongft Cattle,
if taken berimes. Infcflious Blood caufes the Difeafe ; it is vulgarly
difcerned in the Head by a fU'tlling, they will have great Eyes that run
with Water; they will eat though they are fick, and when once they froth
at Mouth they are near Death. For cure of this Difeafe, it is thought good
by fome to bind a (mail Cord hard about the Neck, then take a Lancet and
Itrike on the farther fide, where you will find a Vein, bleed him a Pint or
more, and fo for the other fide of the Neck; It will ftanch, the Cord be-
ing taken away ; but it is more dangerous of bleeding ftiil the Sign being
there ; and if it continue, put to it Nettles and wild Tanfie bruifcd v;ith
Salt, and fome give them Drinks. Thus ferve your infedled Cattle, being
all together in one Pafture •, by this means you will avoid great Peril in
this Difeafe. The Murrain is caught by venomed Grafs, by Company, by
poiloned Water, and by Hunger.
CHAP. XVII. To rear up Calves that they may increafs.
IT will be prudence in a Husbandman every Year to rear as many Calves
as he thinks ncceflary for the maintenance of his Stock* Thofe that fail
betwixt Candlemas and May arc efteemed of beft, for at that time they can
fpare their Milk, and there will be Grafs enough, and they will be able h^
the next Winter to ftiift for themfelves with other Cattle, being Icoked after
8 The Appendix,
a little ; alfo their Dams in June will take Bull again, and bring other
Calves in the fpace above-mentioned. A Cow is barren oftentimes and
the Calf weak, ifitbeafer May e'er fhe Calve; and befides, it would
be too charReable to rear Calves the latter end of the Year, and to keep
their Dams in the Houfe all the Winter, as it is praftifed in fome places ;
Again, for their own advantage it will be beft they come betimes, thatshey
may put them out, for Grafs increafes a great deal more Milk, when the
Kine are abroad, ihan Hay or Straw at home ; for dry Meat will abate
Milk, Grafs does not; and if your Calves have been ufed to Grafs, wean
them' abroad and not at home ; your Calves will have great Bellies if you
wean tl.em with Hay, Grafs makes them ftir better, and is not noxious to
them. In the Winter feafon inftal them, rather than let them run abroad
a Nights ; when you take them in you may give them Hay, but in
the day-time let them feed in the Fields. Obferve but thefe Directions and
you will find them a great deal fitter for the Plough when you come to
make ufe of them.
CHAP. XVllI. For a Cow that has newly Cahedj wanting Milk.
ANnifceds boiled in Ale and ftrained, given warm to a Cow that has
newly Calved, and being Poor, wants Milk, is very good for the in-
creafe of it ; Colewort-leaves boiled or raw, will do the like : Alfo Barley
and Fennel feed fod together is good for her. There are feveral others,
but thefe are the principal approved Medicines to increafe Milk in Kine.
CHAP. XIX. For the Shoulder, hone of a Beafi cut of Joint.
OU may eafily difcern the tripping of a Beaft on the fame Foot that
^ the Shoulder-bone is out of Joint ; for cure whereof throw him on the
Ground, and bind f=ilt his other three Legs, then ftretch out the other Leg
and put' one Hard on his Shoulder where the Bone went out, and the other
near his Body within fide, and place the Bone right, and juft even with
the other Bone ; when it is right and laft together, get two wooden Pricks
of a length, and boring two holes crofs under the Skir, in the middle of the
Joint, from both fides of the joint they muft be diftant an Inch and an half
from' each other, and there put your pricks crofs under the Skin, then wrap
it round with Itrong Packthread, binding of it round the ends of the Pricks,
draw up the Skin in a lump with it; fo when your Thread is faftned, there
let it be until it drop away of itfelf, and the Beaft will be well, fit for Work
in two days time. If it be in the heat of Summer, anoint the place with
Tat by reafon of the Flies.
CHAP.
Y
Of Difeafes in Oxen,
CHAP. XX. To cure Cattle that be fick anci rpiU not feed in Pajlure.
Ruife and boil of Korehound, Camomil, Betony, Cinquefoil, Penny
.. royal and Agrimony, of each a like quantity in a quart of Ale, un-
til half of it be confumed, with a ftick of bruifed Liquorice^ afterwards
ftrain it and mix it with three pennyworth of good Treacle, give it him
fafting, when it is well mixt together ^ walk him for fome Ipace after,
and he will certainly recover.
B
G
CHAP. XXI. J certain Sign to hioiv if an Ox or Corp be, found., -
Ripe him on the Back with your hand behind the fore-fhoulder, and
if he be not found, he will fhrink with his back, and almoft fall
dowfl; but on the contrary, if he be found, he will not Hirink in the lead.
CHAP. XXII. A Remedy for the Difeafe in the Guts of an Ox or Con^^ if
it be Flux^ Cholick, or ayiyfiich like thing,
IF at any time your Beaft be troubled with the Cholick, Belly-ake or
gnawing in the Guts, it will fpeedily give him eafe, if you boil good
Itore of Oil in the Water he ufes to drink. For the Bloody Flux, give
the Beatt fome Powder of Wood, Rofe-feeds well beat and dried, and
brewed with a quart of Ale, and it will Cure him.
CHAP. XXIII. For Weahtefs^ Stijfnejs cr Sorettefs in the Sinews of a
Beaji.
IF your jBeaft's Sinews be at any time tender or do fhrink, you may per-
ceive it by the How pace he gvoes. Bind to the place out of order
N^allows and Chick weed ^ but they muft be boiled in the Dregs of Ale or
Vinegar, and being very warm when you lay them on, they will very
much ffrengthen the Sinews.
CHAP. XXIV. A Cure for the Vahte of a Beajl's Mouth that is down,
THe Palate of a Bead's Mouth by hard working will be apt to come
down, which you may difcern by two things, they will often figb,
and would fain eat, but cannot. To cure him, throw him down, puttir^
it up again with your hand, then bleed him in the Palate, and anoint it
with Honey and Salt, and turn him to Grafs, for you muff not let him
eat any Hay or dry Meat.
CHAP. XXV. For any inward Difeafes in Cattle.
TAke a handful of Wormwood and as much Rue, and boil tbem in a
quart of Ale; then let it be ffrained, and put into it two fpoonfuls
ot the Juice of Garlick, as much of Houfe-leek, and as much of London
U u Treacle 5
10 The Appendix.
Treacie: make it lukewarm, mix them well together, and men mdke ihe
Beaft drink of it, and you will in fhort time fee the verxue of it againlt
any inward Difeafe or drooping in Cattle.
F
CHAP. XXVI. Fcr aUfons of Bvuifes In gemral.
Ry the leaft fort of Brook-limei with Tallow, and apply it hot to the
^ place thai is hurt, and if it does not expel ir, yet it wlU ripen it^
break if, and heal it, as many by Experience have found to be very true.
CHAP. XXVII. A Remedy to lill avyjorts of Wotvis either in Oxen^ Govs,
or Calves,
CHop the Herb Savin very Small, beat it with frefh Butter, then roll
it up in Balls^ give it the Beaft, and it will deliroy the Worms in
their Bodies fooner than any other thing. Likewile a little black Soap
mixt with fweet Wort, and given the Beiift to dnnk> will make them
void their Worms better and quicker than other. things. "
CHAP. XX Vill. Jgah:J the Govt in Cattle.
YOU may difcern by the often tifing and fweilir.g of your Beafls
Joints, whether they have the Gout or not: For Cure whereof, boil
Galengal.in the dregs of Ale and fweet Butter, and being made like a
Poultis, clap it to the place, that is dilbrdered.
CHAP. XXIX. Fior Furghg of Cattle as fame do.
GRoen weedy Grafs growing under Trees in Orchards is the belt thing
to purge Beafts naturally, and the beft purging Medicine for them
is Sugar-Candy, Butter and Tar, well mingled together, thtn rolled up
in Balls as big as Hens-Egs, and fo given them,
CHAP. XXX. Things good to breed Milk in Kine,
IF your Cow's Milk after (he hath Calved come not down as it was wont
to do, beat to Pov/der Coriander and Annileeds, and put them into a
quart of ffrong PofTet Ale, and mjke her drink every Morning^ which
thing alone will beget great and wonderful increale in her Milk: Be-
fides it will afTuredly caufw it to Ipring, and come down in abundance.
C H A P. XXXI. For the Rot in Beap,
F your Beifts wax lean, flight their Meat, or fcour much behind,
you may affure yourfelUi^^y aie fubjeQ to,sotiennefs j you malt beat
I
to
Of Difeafes i?i Oxen,
II
to Powder, Bay-berries, and mix it with Myrrb, Ivy-leaves, Elder-leaves
and Feaverfew, a good lump of Clay and Bay-Salr, all together in (trong
Urine, and when it is warm, give the Beaft half a pint thereof to drink
and it will firmly knit and preferve them. '
CHAP. XXXII. Jgahijl Vovi'ithg of Blood.
IMuft give you to underftand, that this Sicknefs happens to your
Beafts by being hard kept, and then put into good Paiture, where they
feed overmuch, and fo get fuch rank Blood, that you may difcern it flow
from their Mouths. The remedying of this muft be to bleed the Beaft
and afterwards to drink, give him fome Bole-Armoniack and Ale mlxc
together.
CHAP. XXXIII. FoY the overflowwg of the Gall in BeaJIs.
IF the Skin and the Eyes of your Beaft look yellow, ir is a true fign of
the overflowing of the Gall : For a Remedy, firft let him blood after-
wards for three mornings one after another, make him a Drink of two
pints of Milk, Saffron and Turmerick 5 mix it all together j then give it
him, and it will help him.
CHAP. XXXIV, To draw out T?jor>ts.
IF at any time your Beafts accidentally get Thorns or Stubs in their
Feet, get fome black Soap and black Snails, and let them be well beat
to a Salve, then lay them to the fore place, and it will by degrees draw
them our, and your Beaft (whether Ox, Cow or Calf>ill in a fliort time
be perfe^ly well again.
CHAP. XXXV. ^ Cure for Feverifi Cattle,
BEafts many times furfeit by their Meat being raw and mufly, whereby
the Fever cometh upon them, or if they are kept in the Cold (thro»
a Flux of cold Humours ingendred by it) they will have a Fever. If they
tremble, groan, or foam at Mouth, it is a true fign they have it- To
cure him, let him blood, fprinkle his Hay with Water, and boil three or
four Plantane Roots, and two fpoonfuls of iowiowTreackle in a quart of
Ale, and then give it him to drink.
Thefe Remedies before-nmitiotted are the heji (as by Experience feveral have
found) for Oxeri^ Com^ and Calves^ fo??ie I know by my own Experience ■
others are colleSed out of fuch able skilful Authors that would never have
prefcribed Juch Medicines^ if they would not certajjdy have cured the Beafts
U u 2 the
lie Right Method for the Ordering of Cattkc
II. Of SHEEP.
Chap. r. Some port but fire Rules for a cert mi Cure of Difejfes ht Sheep.,
f F the greateft quarrity of your Sheep happen to fall fick, change of
I Palture will conduce much toward their Recovery, and place them
J a good dittance irom vhe Ground they went in before : If the Mur-
Jj^ rain come by Cold, put thenn in the Sun •, if by Heat in the Shades.
Alfo over-drivirg'thena, and fo will lying (till be the worfe for their Di-
ftsinper; you mall keep them going on a moderate pace. Likewile it
will be much better to paj*^ them at their new paftures, for in a fmall par-
cel the infection will not prevail fo much as in a great quantity, and a
few will be fooner Cured than a great many.
CHAP. II. For the Itch and Ma g cts in your Sheep.
BRimftone and Tar well ftirred together over a fmall Fire is an excel"
lent Remedy i when the Wool is (heared off anoint the fore place
with that above mentioned. Likewife Powder of Brimftone mixt with
Wax, is good for the Scab.
CHAP. III. For Sheeps Feet.
A Certain Cure for Sheeps-Feet that are Galled, is, if you beat a
Pomegranate not ripe, with Alom, and adding to it a little Vine-
gar, apply it to the place. Or the Powder of Galls burnt, mixed with
red Wine, and fo laid unto it, is very good.
CHAP. IV. For Brolen Bones in Sheep.
IF accidentally any one happen to break his Leg, the Bones will be
knit again, if you bruife young Afhen Leaves, and lay to it, or apply
to it tne Herbs of Comfrey, Betony, or Cuckow-fpit well ftampt, and
the bones will knit.
C HA P* V. For the Glanders or Snivel in Sheep.
Give them to drink honied Water, well mingled with the Juice of
Betony, and it will help them. Some for their Cure take a Stick,
and (at what time ihey think fit) cleanfe their Nofes of all the Matter and
Snivel they can get out. Others ftamp the Herb called Bucks- beard with
Wine,
ittmimtamtmmmiti
Of Difeafes in Sheep. 1 5
Wine, which they lay is an excelieiu Keoiedy for to drive Cold or Flegm
out of their Bodies.
CHAP. Vr. For Sklmfs in Lambs,
IF your Lambs have a Fever, or are grieved otherwife, the Diftemper
will be catching-, therefore take them from their Dams, and if you
would have them well again in a (horr time, force them to drink rain
water mingled with fome of the Ewes Milk. Alfo fome pour down their
Throats Goats Milk with a Horn, and for fome time after keep them
warm ^ which is prcTcribed for an Excellent Medicine.
Sometimes youc Lambs will have Scabs on their Chins, ibmetlmes on
other places; if on their Chins, Walh the palate of the Mouth and Sores
with Cyprus Leaves ftamped in Water, or Tar and Hogs-greafe mixt and
made into an Ointment is very good, but you muft wafh the fcab with
Vinegar before you anoint it. If they happen to be fcabby on the
Brisket or elfewhere, I might fet down feveral Remedies, but 1 (hall in-
ftance but one, which I do imagine to be the belf, becaufe molt Shepherds
do generally ule it, which is only fome fine Greafe mingled with Tar, and
fo to lay it upon the place infe^ed.
F
C H A P. VII. SomsJImrt but neceffary things to be ohferved concerning Sheep.
Irft, if the Wool come off when they have been Icabby, greafe them
with Tar and Goofe-greaie, ind it will grow again.
Secondly, For the Cough, ftamp the great Nettle, then let it be firained
with Wine ; and give him of the Juice thereof to drink, but it muft be
warm ^ and fo he will be well. You muft be fure to take it in time, for
until it be gone he will not be fat, but abate in his Flefh daily.
Thirdly, if a Sheep be blind, which they will be for a fpace at one
time or other, fome fay he will be well again of himfelf, but if you bleed
him under the Eye, or drop Tar in his Eye, he (hall recover his fight the
fooner.
Fourthly, Scabs often come on the Muzzels of Sheep by pricking their
Lips and Muzzels with eating the Tops of Furz, which you muft anoint
with Plantane and frelh Greafe boiled together, and it will perfeft their
Cure.
Fifthly, If they are troubled with the Haw in the Eye, for which the
Juice of Pimpernel dropt into the Eye and (hut it clofe, is very good.
Sixthly, A Shepherd muft always carry with him his Knife, Sheep-
hook, Sheers and Tar-Box, and 3 Dog muft not be Wanting, which muft^:
be fuch a one as he has, brought up to his-own Command, to go or ftand-
itill as he pleafes*
Seventhl/j
1 4 The Appencfix,
Seventhly, Sheep fomecimes have thd Pox, which yon may dlfcer ft by-
things like red P-mples on their Skin, and Locks of Wo(>l will hangloofe
on their Backs, the Pimples will be as broad as a Groat, and many Sheep
for want of early looking afrer, die by it.
Eighthly, Sheep by feeding on Hills, or places full of Fern, are in the
Spring-lime commonly troubled with the Cramp, or as feme call it the
Wood-Evil •, which Uileales (without fpeedy remedy) will endanger their
Lives in two days time. For Cure, caule them to be anointed with Neats-
Foot Oil, and Houileek Itamped together, ot Scallions of Buglofs ftamp-
ed and bound to their Legs is good. Likewife k will help towards their
Cure to remove them into tome other lower Meadows to feed in.
Ninthly, Sheep in the hot Seafon will be troubled with Fly blows and
Maggots, which you may be certain of, if they bite., (tamp, or (hake
their Tails, and many times they are wet ^ to dry it up, throw Powder
that is very dry upon it, fbmetime after ftrike it off again, and anoint it
well wirh Tat, and they will be perfeftly well.
Tenthly, 8v cropping feme noxious Herb your Sheep may. be poifoned,
which you may e lily know by their Heads hanging down, and they will
livell, and ftagger, and foam at Mouth, and in a (hort time (without
fpeedy Remedy) fall down dead, which to prevent, cut the Bladders which
you will fee under his Tongue, then Chafe it with Lome beat fmall, or
the crums of Bread, afterwards wafh it down. If his water be Hopped,
pour fome Drink down his Throat, and give him juice of Wormwood in
Vinegar, and it will Cure him. .
Eleventhly, Sheep may have Worms in their Guts, which come lay rea-
fon of fome cold Humour ^ you may know it by leveral things, he will not
feed as formerly, he groans, hangs down his head, and many times fwells,
which without help will fpeedily kill him: Now for his Cure give him
Powder of Worm feed in a little Malmfey, or Powder of S:ivin in Ale
or Wine finely beat, and it will thoroughly heal him.
Twelfthly, If you imagine your Sheep have the Rot, honeyed Water
warm, mixt with Elder-berries will clear their Bodies of Water, or feeth
a little Water, put fome Milk to it, then give it to them •, for it will
purge them betwixt their flelh and Skin, if they will drink Salt Water
after they have been a great Journey, you may afTure your felf of their
health, and they will do well.
CHAP. VIIL For the red Water in Sheep.
SHeep are oftentimes troubled with the red Water, which is a poifonous
Difeafe, very noxious to the Heart •, for this Water will fo fcald and
confume, that at length he will perifh by it, without fome fpeedy help ;
which muft be done thus ; Firft, Bleed him in the Foot between the Claws»
and
Of Difeafes in Sheep, 1 5
and.unaerihcTail: Tnen Itamp Wormwood and Rue with Bay-Salt, and it
will Cure them, being applied to the fore places.
CHAP. IX. For the Itch or Scab in Sheep.
WAfh the Scabby places of your Sheep with the Root of Camelion
Noir and the Herb Bears-Foot boil'd both together in Watery it
muft bs warm ; and without any other thing they will be cured.
CHAP. X. Herbs hurtful for Sheep.
SEveral Herbs are very noxious to Sheep, I (hall inftance the principal ^
Firfi", Speart-wort, which ufually grows in moift places, is thick and
hard of digellion. Knot-grafs and Mill-dew'd Grafs are not good, Black
Ellebore is very hurtful for Sheep or other Cattle, if they eat any ftore of
it. Twopenny Grafs, and dead Grals or rotten Fog, which is in low
Commons and Meadows, is very deftru£live to them, and will breed the
Rot in them^ Hemlock and Muflirooms are naught for Sheep. Laftly,
if Sht^ep eat Oak-leaves when they are green, it is bad for them , elpecialiy
for young Lambs, for it will certainly kill them.
C H A P. XI. Jgahijl the GjU hi Sheep.
SHeep will ftand fhrinking their fore-feet together, if they are troubled
■ wi[h the Hewing of rhe Gal] •, you mult let him blood under the Tail,
then give him to drink half a Spoonful of good Vinegar, and as much Aqua
Vlix mixed togei her, and he will be better.
C H A P, XII. Jhe Tmnhtg DIfeafe in Sheep,
SHeep ofentimes hold their Head on one fide, by reafon of this Turning
Sickntfs. Some Shepherds give Advice, that if the Sheep hold their
Heads on the right hde, ye muft cut off the Horn on the left fide, for un-
der the Horn their lies a Worm which will be killed if you artoint it with
Tar, and they will be well again.
C H ^ P. XIII. Some DireSlojis to hrcveafe Milk in Em.
THere is nothing better than altering of Pafture for the increafing of
Milk in Ews; pat th.m to gr^zs f:>metimes in Valleys, fomerimes on
Hills, let them feed longeft upon fhort Grafs, if it be fweet, for there they
eat mott heiuilv -, fof touching givinj; them Fitches,Dill, and Annifeeds,
and fuch like, Milk will fpring much better by, Change of Palture.
e H A P. XlV. For loofe Teeth.
IF your Sh>-ep's Teeth be loofe, lex him blood in his Gumsi a-R^ lender
the Tail, and afterwards rub his Teeth with Earth, Salt and Sage, and
Ui^y will fallen, " CHAP.-
1 6 ^he Appenc/ix,
CHAP. XV. For the wJU-fire in Sheep.
THere is a dangerous Sicknefs, which is called the Wild-Fire, that will
infe£l the whole Flock, if not look'd after. Some bury the firft in-
felled Sheep alive, with his heels upwards, before the Sheep Coat door^
but it is very certain you may fave your Sheep alive, if you take but
Chervil, ftamp it with old Ale, make a Salve thereof, and anoint the
Sore therewith, and your Sheep will be fure to recover again.
I
The Right Method for the Ordering of Cm tie ^
III. Of H o G s.
Here are feveral Difeales which Hogs ( as well as other Crea-
tures ) are incident unto, which you may find dilcourfed
of in the Pages following, with Dire^lions for the Cure of
them.
CHAP. I. For Jmpojihumes under the Throats of Hogs.
F your Hogs have Kernels or Impcfthumes underneath their Throats,
_ they muft be let blood under the Tongue j and when they have bled
IbfRci&ntly, beat fome fine white Meal and Salt together, and rub and
chate his Throat and Groin with it, and he will do well. Others prefcribe
'as foUoweth : You muft give them fix ounces of Garum which you may
buy at the Apothecaries, then with a flaxen Cord bind it thereunto with
Ferules of Wood, and hang them about his neck, fo that they may touch
the Impofthumes and Kernels, and it will certainly Cure them.
CHAP* 11. BireBions to preferve pur Hogs from the Meafels.
IN the heat of Summer, as from the middle of July to the middle of
Aiigujl., in which time are the hottett and Dog days, you muft give your
Hogs fome cooling Herbs chopc fmall, as Lettuce, Endive, Succory,
Violet Leaves, Fumitory, Dandelion, Sow-thiftle, and fjch like, or the
Leaves of Dwale, they muft be mingled with their Wafh or other Meat.
Thefe Herbs aforefaid are very good to keep them in a cool temper ^ you
muft ufe but a few of the Leaves of Dwale, for they are exceeding cold
in Operation. For I muft acquaint you that it is the great and vehement
heat
■ ' • - .11. I* ■■! I ■
Of Difeafes in Hogs. i j
heat of Blood in Hogs which dotli breed the Meafels. There will be
Kernels in the outward part of the Body, which will appear in his Throat,
and at the Roots of his Tongue, and you may firft know his Infedlon, if
he be hoarfe, or rattle in his voice when he cries, it is a certain fign j then
if you look into his Mouth, you may fee the Kernels under his Tongue ^
thus you may know Meafly Hogs. Likewife to preferve them from the
Mealies, put Mens Urine amongft their Wafh, and it will keep them
from it. Soap water and Fifh water is naught for them, it will breed the
Meafles: Some fay, if you often ufe to put Muftard amongft the W/alh
they eat, it will in a Ihort time make them Meafly,
Now it would be necefTary to give you fome Direftions to Cure your
Meafled Hogs, for take all the care you can to prevent it, fome may hap-
pen to be fo. hn approved Remedy to help them, is to (hut them up in
a Sty without any thing whatfoever, either Meat or Water, for the (pace
of three days and three nights. Then make a hole in the top of half a
dozen Apples, and take out the Cores, afterwards fill it up with Brimftone
heat to Powder, and cover the Brimltone with Pieces of Apples, and 16
throw them to your Meafly Hogs: Firft give him one or two, and fo the
reft, for being hungry he will eat them allj then after two or three hours
give him a little Meat, and no more until the next Mornings then the
next Morning ferve him as aforefaid with five or fix Apples as before is
dire£l:ed. Thus ferve him five or fix days, and he will be well again. Alfo
fome mix the Lees of Soap with fome ftrong Lee of a Buck, and give
that, and ufe them as the other before, and give him no Meat an hour or
two after 5 and they fay, this is a very good Remedy againft the aforefaid
Sicknels.
CHAP. IIL THjat Herbs are good^ and what are bad for Hogs to eat.
THE Roots of Daffodils are very good for to cleanfe the Lights of
Hogs. Knot-grafs is good for Hogs, and they love it marvellous
well; it binds the Belly, and caufes Urine ^ the Juice of it put into the
Ears, helps the pains in the Head : Thefe are the Herbs that are whole-
fome.
Likewife many there be that are not wholefome.- The Herb called
GooleFoot, or the Camelion Thiftle will kill Hogs, if they eat of them.
If they eat of Henbane or Hemlock, which is fo cold in Operation, that
they are very nigh unto a cold Venom, and will make Hogs lie as if they
were dead for fome time^ to Cure them, warm the Juice of Cucumbers,
give it them to drink, tor it will make them Vomit, whereby they will
fo thoroughly cleanfe their Bodies, that in a ftiort time they will recover
their Health again.
X X CHAP,
8 The Appeffcfix,
CHAP. IV. Of the Garget^ Catarrh^ and Staggers in a Hog,
FIrft, for the Garget, it is very noxious to them, and many are killed hj
it, you may know by a fwelling and Inflammation in the Throat be-
hind a Hog's Jaws. For to give him eafe they do ufe to flit the Sore in
the middle, and then flay up the Skin on both fides of it^ afterwards they
rub it with Salt within, and lay Tar without, and he does well. Some
rub it with Nettles and Salt. Some mix burnt Alome with Plantane.
Hogs have fometimes the Catarrh or Rheum, which makes their Eyes
waterj it happens to them by eating a great deal of rotten Fruit, which
breeds a corrupt Matter almoft as bad as the Plague. For help, old
Capers mixt with their Meat or wafh is good, or Coleworts both Red
and White put amongft their Meat is alfo good: Some mingle Marfli-
Mallows with the Meat. Others boil Liver wort in honied Water and
give it them. Ail thefe aforelaid are excellent things to ftay the Rheum
or Catarrh.
For the Staggers in a Hog, give him of the Herb called Stare-wort or
Gall- wort in Milk, and he will amend.
CHAP. V. How to kiU Lice or Maggots in Hogs.
AS long as your Hogs are loufie they will not thrive^ be fare you
keep them well in cold Weather, for it is thro' Poverty and wane
of good feeding in the Winter, they are fo full of this Vermin. To rid
them take Quickfilver, firft kill it with falling Spittle and Sallet-Oil^
then mix therewith frefh Greafe or Neats-Foot Oil, and fo anoint them
all over. Some melt Soap and Tar together, with the Powder of Staves-
acre, and fo anoint them with it. If Maggots breed in your Hogs Ear, or
any other h6llow place under the skin, drop the Juice of Hemlock into the
hole, and they will die or avoid •, aifo take but Oil and put in that place^^
all the Moggots will die or avoid the place incontinent, if they live; this
has been well experienced by feveral Perfons.
CHAP. VI. How to /pay a Sow.
YOU mull firft lay her upon feme Form or Board, then with a Cord'
bind her Mouth fall, lay her fo that her left fide be upward-, thea
take your Lancet and Itrip away the Hair two inches long, three fingers
from the hinder Leg, and likewife from the edge of her Flank. Then
with the point of your Lancet cut ailope her Bet!y thro' the skin two
inches and a half long, fo that you may put in your Forefinger towards
her Back, and there you fhall feel two Kernels as big as Acorns on both
fides the Birth, and with the top of your finger draw on to the flit, them
cut the Itring with your Knife , fo take out the other alfo, and cut them
'/ Dijeafes in Dogs, ip
off, then'ftrike away the Blood and Ituch up the Hit again with a Itrong
Thred. Be fure you have a fpecial care of her Guts 5 then afterward
anoint her with Tar, and fo you may let her go.
Of DOGS.
""^ 0 G S in their Kind are very ufeful, and there are divers forts :
Firfl", The Blood Hound, ufed to find out Dear-ftealers, or will
fcent out any Perfon that kills or Iteals any thing. Second,
The Slut-Hoinid is alfo excellent, and will follow Thieves even
thro' the Water, and will not leave off till they have found them. Third,
The Erache, or Rache, good for fcenting all forts of Birds and Beafts.
Fourth, The Graze Houm, excellent at feeiag as the others are at fmelling,
he will feparate his Game, and take the youngeft and fatteft, and not relt
till he has killed it. Fifth, The Tarrkr, excellent for Badger or Fox, they
will creep into their Holes, and kill them or fright them out. Sixth, The
Tumbler, is very cunning in catching Conies. Seventh, The Levhter, a Dog
good for Switrnefs and Smelling, and expeditious in taking his Game.
Eighth, T/;e Grjy-Hojnid is fwift and ftrong, and by moft reckon'd to merit
the firft Place among Dogs. Ninth, The Spaniel, there are two Sorts, one
for Land, and the other for Water.
How to chiife a Dog and Bitch for good Tfljelps.
Take care they be of a good Kind, large Ribs and Flanks, and well pro-
poriion'd. A young Dog and old Bitch bring the belt Whelps, and the
Third Litter is accounted bell. 'Tis faid January, February, and Marchy
are the beft times for them to be lined -, and if they couple when the
Moon is in Gerfiini, or Aquarius, you will have more Dogs than Bitches,
and they will never run Mad : At two Months end you ought to wean
them, and not Hunt them till a Year and an half old at leaft. There are
alio Dogs of Pleafure, as, The Shepherd's Majlijf for watching his Flock,
and the Ban Dog, for Bull, Bear, and Guarding the Houle. If the Shepherd
would have his Dog fierce, pull them oft by the Ears, and fet them to
fight, tho' not hurt •, tie them fometime to a Clog^ let him loofe at Night,
and keep him ty'd up of Days. This makes him wakeful at Night, and
fleepy in the Day. Let not Shepherds fufFer their Dogs to eat deadSheep,
for fear they come to eat the Living. Cut their Tails at Seven Weeks
old. When young, a little Worm is fubje£l to breed under their Tongues,
that makes them bark much ; take it out with an Awl, and it prevents
their growing Mad.
For a Mangy Dog, Take Quick-filver, Verdigreale, Wool) Oil, Brim=
ftone Powder j mix all together, and anoint the place.
X X 2 A
20 Of Difeafes in Dogs.
A Bitch goes with Whelps Eighty Days, and Whelps are Seven Days
Blind. A Gre^-Houvd goeih fix Weeks, and they are blind Twelve Days.
Fur Martgy or Scabby Dogs. Anoint with Oil of Bitter- Almonds. If his-
Ears are fore within, mix Tar and Hogs greafe, and anoint them, and it
will make the Ticks and Lice to fall, to touch gently therewith.
For Fleas. Anoint with the Lees or old Dregs ot Oil^Olive.
To kiU Itch in Man or Dog. Take a Potion of Oil of Flower-de-luce, a,
good quantity of Brimftone beaten to fine Powder, the like Quantity of
Elicampane Roots dried in an Oven, and beaten into fine Powder, with a
Quantityof Bay- Salt dried and beaten to a fine Powder-, mix all thefe
with the faid Oil, warm it, and anoint therewith. If you fcratch and.
make it Bleed or Water, and then anoint it, it will do better. Proved*
To Cure DISEASES in DOGS.
For Worms, Take New-Milk a Pint, put a good Quantity of Flour of
Brimttone to it, and drink it Blood-warm.
For the Manf^e. Take ftrong Wine- Vinegar and Gunpowder, mix
them as thick as Puddle, and anoint, and it kills it ; or take an Oat-fheaft^
burn it to Alhes, and make a Lee, and wafli him thrice aday, and let him
Blood on the Cameril Vein behind, and it certainly cures him.
For bkhgof Venomous Creatures. Take Calaminth, Turpentine, and
Yellow Wax, beat them to a Salve, and ufe it. If you boil the Herb Ca-
laminth in Milk, and take it, it expels all poifon inward.
For Galling. Yellow Wax, ilfo)! Butter, and unflack'd Lime, three drops
of Sweet Oil beaten to a Salve, anoint, it's a prefent Remedy.
For any Difeafe in the Ears. Take Chervil, Water, and Verjuice, and
Four Drops of Vinegar, mix them Morning and Night, drop about Two
fpoonfuls into his Ears. Probat.
For Flea$ and Lice. Five handfuls of Rue boiled in a Gallon of Spring-
Water till about a Quart is confumed, ftrain it, put of Staves- Acre two
Ounces powder'd ; bathe the Dog with it warm. Probati
For the biting of a Mai Dog. Burn three leaved Grafs, or Honey-
fuckles mix it with old greafe, and lay it to him ^ or beat the faid Flowers
with old White-wine, and give it himiorthe Berries of Elder, or Juice of;,
the Leaves given with White-wine warm.
For all Madnefs whatever^ Take Juice of Hart's-horn eight Drams, or:
Dog's-Tooih, and give it-, or the Roots of Eglantine powder'd and laid
thereon.
For Surbaiting. Wafh his Feet with Beer and Butter, then to the Soles
of his Feet bind your red Nettles beaten to a Salve.
For Sore Eyes. Two leaves of Ground-Ivy chew'd, and fpit the Juice
into Ills Eyes Evening and Morning, Frobat.
Of Difeafes in Dogs, 2 1
For the Stone. Gravel-feeds bruifed and put into half a Pint of White-
wine, and give it him. Probat.
For Dogs weak and ftcli. Take a Sheep's head. Wool and all, cut it
into many Pieces, bruife it, boil it with Oatmeal, Penny-royal, 'a little
Sage, give this Broth warm. Probat.
For a Bnnje. Take Strong Ale Dregs, boil Chickweed and Groundfel
in it till tender-, bathe the Iwell'd or bruis'd Place; if inward, give him
half a Pint of New Milk, and half an Ounce of Stone-Pitch, powder'd.
ForaTetter. Vinegar, Juice of Mint, Black Ink, of each a like Quan-
tity, mix them with Powder of Brimftone to a Salve j anoint till it bleeds
and it will cure. *
For the Itch. Elecampane Roots dried, Powder of Brimftone, Oil of
Flowder de-Luce, of each a like quantity, and fome Bay-Sale powdered a
grain of White Salt; mix all with the Oil, warm it, anoint, fcratch, and
make it bleed.
It is laid there is Seven forts of Madnefs in Dogs^ the Dumb Madnefs
the Rimnhtg, the Falling^ the Lank, or Lean Madnefs^ the Sleeping^ the Sla-
verivg^ and the Mot Burnhig Madnefs-, and in my opinion the belt and only
Cure is to knock them on the Head for it.
If you are bitten by a mad Dog, it's the venomous Spittle of the mad
Dog that infeOeth, and it will make the Perlbn bitten go Mad -, and
fometimes it will be about that Day Year ^ for it fhall be known the
Venom goes from the bitten place to the Heart, then to the Head and
next thorow all the Members, and its dangerous to touch fuch Perfo'ns as
are infe£led, for the Venom will corrupt all Things near them. If Ve-
nom, be taken by Meat or Drink, then take Treacle and Wine that Sow-
thiftle is fod in^ then be purged and bathed, and laftly let Blood. But
firft of all. Vomit or take a Glifter to bring it down^ eat Fat Meat Fil-
berds, fmall Nuts and dry Figs,for they draw, confume and wafte Venome
Balfam and Woman's Milk helpech the burning fore Ach thereof. Treacle
fortifieth the Body, and walfeth Venome. Alfo, if you are bitten with a
mad Dog, take a Hen or a Cock, kill him, and flit him ftrait, and all hot
put it on the place, and it draws it out. Alfo Calamint, Seed of Wild
Tares, Sea-Onions, Water-Crea fes, Rue, Balfam, Vinegar, AfTes Milk
Child's-Pifs, Garlicky Gentian, Mint, Ditany. '
To cure an^ Beajl, Sheep, &c. hit with a mad Dog, or other Venomous BeaJ?.
Cut the Wound that the Blood and Venome may come forth- then
give them Treacle, and lay Paifters of Nuts mixt with Garlickj' Rue
and Salt altogether. If a mad Dog bite Hogs or Hounds, give' thern
Juice of Plaatain mixt with a little Milk, and let them Blood'
The
22
The T AB LE of the A P P E N D IX.
F
I. Of 0 X E N.
Or the Cough in Oxen p. 2. For a beaft's Hoof hurt ibid. For a Briiife
j^ on a Beaft^s Shoulder p. ?. Far a Beajl that has gotten Venome in his
Tongue or Body ibid. Lice or Ticks to kill ibid. Agaivjl the fwelling by
eating of green Corn ibid, ^lide loft in Cattle ibid. Jforms in Cattle p. 4.
fijjing Blood ibid. To help fijjing ibid. Gored to cure ibid. Calves to breed
and cm p. 5. Cattle to Govern^ and the ordering of Kiiie with their Calves ibid.
Twgivg of Cattle p. 6. Fatting of Oxen p. 7. Murrain or Plague to cure ibid.
Calves to rear ibid. Cojp that has ner^ly Calved, wanting Milk p. 8. Shoulder -
bone out of Joint ibid. Cattle fck and will not feed in PaJIure p. 9. A cer-
tain Sign to know if an Ox or Cow be found ibid Fhix^ Cholick, or any fiich
like Difeafe in an Ox or Cow to cure ibid. Stljfnefs or Sorenefs in the Si-
7iews of a Beajl ibid. Palate of a Beaft's Mouth that is down, to cure ibid.
hmard Difeafes in Cattle ibid. For Bruifes in general p. lo. To kiU
lyornis in Cattle ibid. Gout in Cattle ibid. Cattle to purge ibid. Milk In
Kine to bieedWA^. Rot in Beafts ihld. Vomit itig of Blood p. II. Over*
flowing of the Gall in Beafts ibid. To draw out Thorns ibid. Cure for Feve-
rift) Cattle ibid. II. Of Sheep. Certain cure of^ Difeafes in Sheep p. i 2. Itch
and Maggots in your Sheep ibid. Sheeps Feet ibid. Broken Bojies in Sheep ibid.
Glanders or Snivel in Sheep ibid. Sicknefs in Lambs p. 13. Necejfary things
to be obferved concerning Sheep ibid. Red TFater in Sheep p. 1 4. Itch or
Scab in Sheep p. I 5- Herbs hurtful for Sheep ibid. Gall in Sheep ibid.
The Turning Difeafe iii Sheep ibid. To increafe Milk ibid . Loofe Teeth ibid.
Wildfire in Sheep 16. HI. Of Hogs. Impofthumes under the Throats ibid.
To preferve Hogs from the Meafels ibid. Herbs good and bad for Hogs p. 17.
Garget, Catarrh^ and Staggers in a Hog ibid. Lice or Maggots in Hogs to
kill ibid. To Spay a Sow ibid. IV. Of Dogs. How to chufe a Dog and
Bitch for good Whelps p. 19. For a Mangy Dog ibid. For a Mangy or
Scabby Dog p. 20. For Fleas ibid. To kill Itch tn Man or Dog ibid. For
Worms ibid. For the Mange ibid. For biting of Venomous Creatures ibid.
For Galling ibid. For any Difeafe in the Ears ibid. For Fleas and Lice ibid.
For the biting of a Mad Dog ibid. For all Madnefs whatever ibid. For
Sur baiting ibid. For Sore Eyes ibid. For the Stone p 21. For Dogs
weak and ficklhld. For a Bruifeibld. For a Tetter iW\d. For the Itch ibid.
To cure any Beafts Sheep^i Stc. bit with a mad Dog, or other Veno7nQUs
Beaft ibid.
THE
THE
Compleat Jockey:
O R,
The mod exad Rules and Methods to be obferv'd in
Training up of Race-Horles ; Shewing how to prepare them
for any Heats or Courfes ; with the manner of their Keepings,
InftrufHons for their DrefTmg and Looking to their Scourings'
Diets, Matches and Racings, the hke not Publifhed to the
World before. ,
To which is Added^
The mofi: Experienced way for Buying Horfes; and Inftruifti-
ons to avoid being Cheated upon the like occafion; with a
Relation of the Cheats and Tricks the 'Jockeys and Horfe-Cour-
fers put on the unexpert Buyers.
CHAP. I. The hefl Method^ and fpeediefl vray for Orderhiv^ of Race-
Hurfes^ toft them for a?iy Matcb^ hi what EJiate foever they be,
T fuch time as a Horfe is matched, (or defign'd to be matched)
for a Kace, or Courfe, let him, to whom the Horfe belongs^,
or whofoever flpill have the ordering of that Affair, be very
circumfpeft in obferving the Condition or Ability of Body in
which the Horfe is at the time of fuch his being matched, which chiefly
ought to be taken notice of In three feveral Rules or Methods, the which,
I here fhall undertake to lay down for the better fatisfa£tion of thofe
whom it hereafter may concern.
1. The firft of which is. If your Horfe be Foggy, Grofs, or over-fat
when he has been lately taken from Graft, or Soil.
2. The fecond likewife to be oblerved is, If he be more than ordinary
Lean, either by Realon of too hard Riding, or any Dileafe has pulled
him down by hmdring his feeding.
3. Thirdly, If he be in good plight, and has had good keeping, dealt
well by, and moderately rid or exercifed.
Now
The Compleat fokey^
Now in the firft of thefe you cannot take lefs than two Months, or
ten Weeks, to bring your Horfe into a fit condition for a Match, which
muft be done by moderately Dieting him and often Exercifing him, which
waftes the fuperfluous greafe, and makes him locg-winded, both which
will make him more fit and apt to win the Wager laid upon his Head.
As for the fecond, If your Horfe be exceeding poor, then about fix
Weeks fpace muft be allowed, with good feeding and moderate exercife.
Now for the Third and Laftof the fore-mentioned Conditions, which
is a Medium betwixt both ; lefFer time will ferve to fit him for the Match
you do defign to have him run. About a Month or five Weeks will be
fufficient, if you obferve the Dieting of him, which muft be indifferently
well.
But fince I have given you an Account of the particular tftates or
Conditions of Horfes^ fo now I muft give fome Cautions therein to be
obferved : Firft then. Note if your Horfe be fat and unwieldy, you muft
have a regard to his Exercife, for if he be over-free, and is willing to put
out his Strength and Abilities to the utmoft, fo that his Flefh quickly
fall away, you muft reftrain him, and not put him to too hard Exercife,
for he cannot bear it, like thofe who are hardy by Nature, and grow fat
with any Diet, or any reafonable Exercife.
Yet farther. If your Horle be in a poor condition by any bard or ill
ufage or diforder of Body, yet notwithftanding any thing in the like na-
ture, grows quickly into good liking, and fo continues for a confidera-
ble time 5 you need nor, neither (hall you be fo tender of him as in the
cafe of that juft before-mentioned, nor at all reftrain him from his Exer-
cife, for if you do, he will foon grow unfit for your purpofe.
Thus far have 1 thought fit to inftru£l fuch as are unskilful, or have
not the moft expedient Method, for preparing Horfes for Races.
And now I think it moft convenient to give my Reader a full fatisfa-
Elion and ample Inftru£lion as to the dieting and ufing of Horfes, and
lay open the Secrets moft neceffary to be obferved by all, according to
Truth and the moft innate Sincerity. And firft of the fat Horfe, becaufe
in him are comprehended the other two, by reafon he may be made lean,
or between both, as the Mafter of him thinks moft convenient, ^c.
CHAP.
The Com f leaf Jockey, ^5
Chap. II. 'The Way and Manner of Dieting or Feeding a Horfe to fit htm
for a Race, being Fat or Grofs, immediately after his being taken from Paflurc
or Soil, as to the firfi two Weeks.
NO W if you lay a Wager, or match a fat or unweildy Horfe which
has been made fo either by being kept at Grafs in long Idlenefs ^
or ftanding at the Stall, and there over-lavijhly fed ^ to bring him to a fit
Condition to perform your Expedation, for the firft Fortnight you muft
be up as loon as Day appears, if not before, to attend him, and having
put on his Bridle, which you muft be lure always to let liang upon the
Rackclofe by him, dipped either in Beer or Ale, which will not only
put him in mind of his being Rid, but alfo make him the more familiar
with it, and love it the better when on. This being done, cleanle the
Stable of the Filth, and then fill to Drelllng of him, which according
to the beft Method is as follows:
Firft, Curry him well in every Fart, but begin with the Head, then his
Neck, Back, and hinder parts,after that his Shoulders and Fore-legs as low-
as the Knees, that done, ufe your Dufting-Cloath, or Ibme in the like Na-
ture, and with it Duft him over in every Part,then rub him well with your
hard Brulh, beginning firft at the Head, and omitting no Place whatfo-
ever there, as the Temples, Nofe, Ears, Under-jaws, and Fore-head,
then proceed to the other Parts as before, not forgetting his Shanks, nor
letting on of his Hoofs, going backwards by degrees till the whole Body
be well rubbed ^ after that, take your wet Hand and ftroke him over gra-
dually, not leaving him rough nor wet in any part '■) then with your wet
Hands or a loft Cloath rub gently his Yard, Tefticles, Sheath, Ears, be-
tween his Thighs, and all others private Places whatfoever: After which,
with a Hair-Cloath, or any other hard Cloath, if that be wanting, rub
him over again, being fure to oblerve the rubbing of his Face well, as his.
Cheeks between his jaws, and on his Fore-head, the rifing of his Neck,
and Fetlocks, and other places as you fhall fee Occafion.
Which being well done, take a clean Wolkn-cloath fomething fine,
and cleanfe him with the fame, beginning at the Head, and fo proceed-
ing as you were taught before, leaving no part unrubbed •, laftly, witli
a Curry-Comb well wetted, comb out the Mane and Tail very decently ^
thus much for Rubbing and cleanling, which is as necelfary in the order-
ing of Race-Horfes, as their Meat. The next thing to be oblerved is,
to cover his Body with a large Cloath for that purpofe, either of thick
Kerley, or thin Stuff according to the Sealon of the Year ^ or as heat or
cold ihaU beft agree with the Nature of the Horfe, upon which put his
Saddle, girting the foremoft Girth very hard, but the other flack ^ then
under it thruft two Wilps of clean Straw, which may ft retch it to an equal
ftraitnefs with the firft, then putting a thick Breaft-Cloath on, you may
Y y mount^
The Co mp leaf 'jockey.
mount ; but if you pleafe you may firft fpirt fome Beer or Ale into his
Mouth, which will make hira cliamp and feel his Bit the looner, and be
fure that your Stable be made clean before you bring your Horfe in a-
gain, the Dung and foul Litter being laid at the Door, and it well ftored
with freih •, for if the Horfe ftand not upon good ftore of Litter, and
have it llkewife to lie dry in, he will not thrive well nor feem fo pleafant
as he will \\rith it ; for which Purpofe, of all Straw, Wheat-Straw is the
beit, and muft be uled on this Occafion, unlefs it cannot be got, and then
the next to it is Oat-Straw ^ for both Rye and Barley-ftraws do much an-
noy your Horfe, by reafon the one doth caufe him to be much troubled
with the Heart-burn, and the other to loofen him, and make him fcour
extremely.
Being thus upon h% Back,you muft ride him eafily for the fpace of half
an Hour, for if you gallop or ftrain him prefently you do him much In-
jury, by realbn that it ftretches his Sinews too much on the fudden,
which is apt to ingender cold Humours in the Joynts and Kerves, fo tliat
the Horfe will be ftiff after it, if not carefully and quickly remedied by
bathing his Legs with Oy I of Swallows or Earth-Worms •, but after by
gentle riding they are made pliable, you may gallop him eafily, but let
it be by any means upon plain and firm Ground, or if you live near any
fteep Hills whole afcent is fmooth and firm, let it be upon them,then walk
him down in your hand a Foot-pace, or a fmall Amble, that fo he may
cool by degrees •, the beft time to begin to Exercife is before the Sun rife,
or as fbon as it is rifen at the fartheft ^ then after his Breathing, when he
begins to be cool, lead him to ibme plealant Sping or River, and there let
him drink his fill.
Then Gallop him again, but not too hard ^ when you have done fo for
about the fpace of a quarter of an Hour bring him again to the Brook or
River, and let him drink if he fo pleafes, but if not, then give him a
gentle Courle or two to raife Thirft in him, the which no doubt will do
it • for take this as a general Rule, That before and after Water, you
be fure to breath him gently.
After he hath drank three times, and been breathed the like Number,
you may bring him home, and coming to the Stable-Door where the
Dung and the foul Litter is laid, let him ftand upon it after you are a-
iighted from his Back for fome time, and by foftly tapping or hitting his
hinder-Legs with your Switch or Whip, make him ftretch them as far as
he can backwards, and by pleafant Whiftiing, provoke him to Urine,
which if he reflife to do once or twice, yet at laft he will do it freely,
and thereby you will preferve your Stable from filth and noilbmnefs,
which otherways would much offend the Horfe.
He being come into the Stable, rub his Fore-legs with Wifps of clean
Straw, putting all your ftrength thereto, but firft, be fure tie his Head
up
The Compleat jockey, 2j
up clofe to the Rack in his Bridle, then his Breaft, or Fore-Cioath be-
ing taken off, rub his Head, Breaft, and Neck. After that unloofe his
Body-Cloath, and rub him well in every Part, but efpecially in the Sad-
dle-place, his Saddle being hung up in his fight •, and after he hath been
well rubbed with dry Cloaths, cover him up again with a Linnen Coverer,
and upon that put his Woollen Cloath, or more if the Weather be Cold^
if Warm, they will be fufficient, but be fure to obferve they are dry-
when you put them on.
After you have girted them clofe upon him, ftop in little wilps of
light Straw quite round him between the Cloaths and the Girts, let them
by no means be Knotty or Hard, left they hinder him of his Sleep, and
make him lie uneafy by hurting his Sides ; when he is thus cloathed,
cleanfe his Feet, by pulling out the Gravel or Earth that may have got.
into them, and with warm Cow-dung ilop the fame up clofe; after that
is done, put about half a fmall Armful of Hay that is very fweet and
good into his Rack, bou«d up as hard as poilibly you can bind it, but firft
let it be cleared from Duft or Seeds as well as may be, and take not off
his Bridle till he has eat it, or moft of it, for it being bound up hard will
make him pull it with more than ordinary eagernefs,and then confequent-
ly he muft eat it with a good Stomach, but let him not ftand above one
hour and a half in his Bridle, but having taken it off rub his Face, the
ridge of his Neck, and each part of his Head with a rough Cloath made
of Flax or Hemp, but the latter is the beft, becaufe if it be new, the
fmell of it is very wholefome, and being apt to make him Sneeze, will
thereby cleanfe his Head of grofs and crude Humours lodged therein.
This being done, cleanfe the Manger of all the fcattered Hay, or other
things offenfive that may be in it, then take about two double handfuls of
the beft old Oats that are free from Chaff or Seeds, be fure they be the
largeft and fulleft you can get, for the goodnefs of Oats is k:nown by their
weight, fuch as many do call Pohnian Oats, or fome more vulgarly cut
Oats, for thefe of neceifity are wholefomeft and beft ; for if you give
your Horle thofe that are Mu% or Wet, they will caufe feve'ral little
Rifmgs in the Horie's Body, or more properly termed Swellings, and
fuch as be not old breed little Worms in the Belly and caufe pain ; it is
very hurtful for to give your Horfe any Oats that are not througly dref-
^cd, for they will not only cheat him in his feeding, but make him flight
them ; nor are black ones to be allowed of, unlefs in time of NecefTity,
and then thy are not wholefome.
Therefore be fure when you give him his Portion of Oats, which muft
not exceed a Quart at a time, you muft fift them ^o^ that all the light
Oats and Husks may fall away, and whatloever elfe you imagine offenfive,
as Dufts or Seeds, Straw or other Grain, after' which put them into the
Manger, and obferve whether he eat them heartily or not, if he do, you
Yy 2 may
8 The Compleat Jockey,
may Tupply him with the like Quantity again, ordering them as the for-
mer, fo depart and leave him to himfelf till about ten or eleven a-Clock,
at which time, you coming again to him, rub his Head, Face, and
Keck with the Hempen Cloath before-recited, then give him another
like Quantity of Oats or fomewhat more, order them alfo in the like
maimer before you g;ive them to him, after which leave him for the
fpace of two Hours, and let him remain, during that time, in as much
Darknefs as your iitable is capable of, and not only then, but al-
ways in your Abfence •, for the more obfcure and dark he is kept the bet-
ter he will eat his Meat, and the better will he take his Reft ^ for note,
a Horfe will feldom lie down in a Stable that is very light, unlefs he be
much wearied either with Standing or Travel ; to caufe the fnore dark-
nefs, many are ufed to line their Stables, or at leaft the Stall where the
Horfe deligned for Race ftands, with Sacking or Canvas •, not only to make
it dark, but Co keep him warmer, by iheltring him from the Wind and
Duft.
After the end of the faid two Hours, which is about one of the Clock,
you muft vifit him again, and give him another the like Qiiantity of Oats
ordered as the former, and rub his Head, Neck, and Face as before ^
which done, give him a fmall Bundle of Hay hard twifted together and
let him alone to eat that by himfelf,and fo let him continue till four of the
Clock if the Days be long, but if ilrort, not paft Three.
Then according to the time come to him again, and the Stable being
well cleanfed, wet the Bitt of his Bridle in Beer, and fo faften the Reins
of it to the Rack as loon as you have put it on, which being done, take
off his Cloaths, and Drefs him according to what you were taught in the
.Morning ^ he being well dreifedybring him forth and put his Saddle upon
hisCloaths as formerly, and endeavour to make him Pifs on his Dung and
old Litter caft without the Stable, then as foon as you pleafe you may
mount him, and ride him as in the Morning, Oiily let this difference be
generally obferved, that vou ride him not up any Hills that are fteep in
the Evening, but upon the plaineft and firmeft Ground you can find ^
or if you will for change, fometimes in fmooth green Meadows that are
dry, or by running-waters if they lie convenient, or that there be any
near you y and let him take all the Air he can, and often fuffer him to
gaze upon the Stream, but fuffer him not to ftand ftill, bnt keep him in a
continual Motion, either Galloping or ihort-pacing, which many give
Term of Raking ; if he at any time as you lead him in or out of his
Stable, offer to fmell to any Horfe-Dung, though not his own, hinder
him not, for that will caufe^him to evacuate, and fit him the better for
his Meat.
When he is well watered and well aired at the cool of the Day (or
.if it be withiji Night it matters notj bring l^im home (for note, there is
nothing
The Compleat Jockey. 2p
nothing better to rid him of grofs and foul Humours, than to be abroad
with him early and late) and when he is come to the Stable, obferve tliat
nothing, according to former ordering of him be omitted^ but all done
with Care and Diligence, the which I hope by this time you have ib well
taken Notice of, that I need not to repeat it it over again ^ let his Diet
be likewife the lame, and let him ftand at it by himfelf two Hours or
more, according to the Seafon of the Year in his Cloaths ; in Winter you
may may let him ftand till Kine before he has his Bait for all Kight ; in
Summer later if you pleafe : Then coming to Vifit him you muft give
him near three Pints of Oats fifted, Drefs him in every Part, give him a
fmall Bundle of Hay in his Rack, and after having railed his Litter, leave
him till the enfuing Morning.
Then betimes you muft abroad with him again, and ufe him as you
have been taught, fo that in tlie Ipace of two Weeks you may bring him
to fuch a pafs, as he will be fit to Ride or take any moderate Heat, but
be ware how you ftrain him too much, for it will do him a great Injury ;
thus having after the exafteft Manner inftrufted you as to the firft Fort-
night's keeping, 1 Ihall next proceed to give you Rules and Methods for
giving him Courfes, or as fome term them Heats, c^c.
Chap. III. Orders moU carefuUy to be ohferved in the Courfing or Heat"
ing your Horfe.
TO begin with which, 1 muft inform you that you muft not give a-
bove two Courfes in a Week, for if you do, you will fpend him,
too much, although he be never fo iufty, and thereby weaken him, and
make him unfit for your Race.
The next thing to be obferved is, that one of the times muft be upon
the Day you defign he ftiall run the Match ^ the two Days muft be as
equally diftant from each other as you can divide the Week,therefore you
ought to make your Match accordingly ^ Mondays and Fridays, or Tuef-
days and Saturdays are the fitteft if you can fo model the Affair, for
rhofe Days have the moft diftance between them •, if your Match be de-
figned on the Monday let that and Friday be his Heating Days.
But if on Tuelday or Wednefday, then Saturday muft be the other
that muft ferve to both, becaufe it is unfeemly to do it on Sunday, and fo
you may obferve of whatfoever Day it ihall fall out to be,- that you keep
as near as you can equal diftance of time between his Courfes or Heats.
But again, you muft be fure to obferve in what Weather you ride him
at flich times •, for if wet, that is, if it either Rain, Snow, or Hail, you
muft not give him any Heat till fuch time it be fair, unlefs NeceUity ur2;e
it, as when it Rains moft part of the Week or fo ; and then you jnuft
chufe the time when it holds up baft, and let him be covered very wa^m,
not only his Body but his Head, Neck, Ears, Breaft and Shoulders 3 for
his
The Compleat Jockey,
his Head you muft provide a Covering made with little Bags to put his
Ears in, and be fure you keep him abroad as little time as polfible, for
the damp raw Air will at fuch times endanger much his Health.
But to the laft Particular that is to be taken Notice of in this Chapter^
be fure if the Weather be fair and ferene, get him DrefTed, and abroad
with him as foon as Day-light appears, but not before, by reafon it is very
kicommodious in that Cafe both to the Horfe and Man : And thus much
concerning his Courfes or Heats,which is the moft necelTary thing to be
obierved in preparing him for your Match j now to the fecond Order of
his Keeping and Feeding.
Chap. IV. The manner of his fecond Fortnights Feeding, and the care to
be ohferved therein.
IN this, as in the former, you muft be circumfpe£t to obferve the
cleaning of his Stall, giving frefh Litter, and keep it lighted up that
his Bed may be always foft, add the old with his Dung and Stale caft out
at the Stable-Door ^ then when you come to him in the Morning, give
him a Quart or fomewhat more of well-dreiled Oats, dreffed as you were
taught before, e'er you put on his Bridle, which being eaten, Drefs him
in every part with fuch Cloaths, Bruihes, and Combs, as you formerly
have done, which being perfected according to the beft of your Skill, Sur-
fingle on his Cloaths, and then let his Saddle upon his Back, and ride
him abroad, galloping and raceing him moderately, and between each
time of lb doing water him, and let his bringing home and Stabling be in
each Particular obferved as in the foregoing Fortnight, the which you
have been fo amply taught, that I think there is no need of repeating it
over again, only this take notice of, which is not yet laid down -^ when
you have brought him into his Stall, before you pull off his Bridle take a
wifp of the beft Hay you can get, and holding it hard in your Hand af-
ter it is well dufted, let him eat it thence, and give him all the Occafion
you can to pull hard at it, and if he devour it with a good Appetite, lup-
ply him with more, and do fo three times at leaft if he will eat it, for by
lb doing you will bring him to be familiar with you, and win much upon
his good-Nature -^ when he refufes to eat, or that you think he has eaten
enough, take off his Bridle after he has ftood in it about an Hour,then rub
him all over, and drefs him as formerly, which ended, give him his Bait
of ©ats in Quantity and Manner as has been often declared, but by no
means forget to lift them. Then having his Diet-Bread by you pretty
ilale, which muft be about three Days old at leaft, it being then the
wholefomeft and moft commodious for him to eat, and after having eaten
it to digeft ; th& manner of making it according to the moft skilful Pre-
fcribers, is as you ihall be Ihewed in the following Chapter.
C H A p. V.
The Com fie at Jockey,
3»
Chap. V. The fi^fi Dkt to be given in the ordering your Race-Horfe^ and
the way to make it,
FIRST, To make this Diet-Biead, you iliall take half a Builiel of
the beft Horfe-Beans, well fifted from any Seeds or Husks, or three
Pecks, if your Horfe be a great Feeder *, to the latter you muft put one
Peck of the beft Wheat you can get, to the former Quantitity proporti-
onably •, you may grind them, divided if you pleafe, and fb mingle them
afterwards, but in my Opinion they will be beft grc'jnd together, after
which Drefs the Meal as fine as you can, fo that there be few or no Husks
or Bran left in it^ then take the beft Ale-Yeft you can get, by no means
let it be Sour or Dirty, about three Quarts will do,and put to that as much
Water as will juft make the Meal up into Dough, which muft be Knea-
ded with all your ftrength in a Trough, or fome fuch like thing for that
jturpofe. If you are not ftrong enough to Knead it with your Hands
you may tread it with your Feet, being fure to leave no Knobs in it,
when it is throughly kneaded, cover it from the Duft, and let it remain
the fpace of an Hour^ then knead it again, and after you have lb done,
make your Loaves up about the bignefs of Six-penny Loaves or bigger if
you pleafe, and after you have baked them exceeding well in an Oven
take them out, fet them tranfverfe to cool, that is, with their Bottoms
upwards.
When you have kept them three Days, which you muft do e'er you
give any of them to your Horfe for fear of making him fick, which if
they do, he will refufe to eat it for the future.
The next thing to be obferved is, that if the Bread be moift or clam-
my, fo that It ftick to his Mouth and he cannot freely fwallow it, or do
leem not to like it, you muft cut it into thin fiices and dry it m the Sun or
if the Sun fliine not, in fome Stove, or by the Fire, but not too hard, then
take it and mix it with his Portion of Oats by fmalling it amongft them
fo that then he will eat it freely, and it will do him no harm, but be fure
to pare'away the Cruft,but note that you muft never give it him aIone,but;
always being crumbled and mixed with his Oats, the Quantity of Bread
you fo mix muft not exceed three or four fiices at a time.
You having given him one Bait in the Morning about eleven or twelve
a-Clock vifit him again, and after well DreiTmg him, give him his Bait or
Portion of Diet as before, both of Bread and Oats.
_ About two of the Clock or fomewhat later if you de%n not to Courff:"
him the following Day, and fb take the difknce of time as has been for-
merly obferved in all his Diets,only let his Motions be curioufly cbferved,
and each Aftion taken notice of, for by that you may know in what liking
or eftate of Body he is, and how he thrives upon hk Diet.
Again
The Com fie at Jockey,
Again obferve, that if yon defign to Heat him the Day followingj you
onuft not from the time juft before-mentioned give him any Bread with
his Oats, but let him eat them by themfelves, and when he has eat them
put him on his Bridle and Drefs him well in each Part, the Manner of
which 1 hope we need not now declare \ then his Cloth being put on in de-
cent Manner,clap on his Saddle and ride him abroad in the Air,gallop and
race him gently, and let him take his Waterings as before, then bring-
ing him home let him Stale and Dung at the Door, if you can get him
to do it •, and being brought into the Stable, after rubbing down, give
him his Portion of Oats, but no Hay, for that is not convenient before a
Heat.
Now 1 have given you a moft exaft Account concerning the Ordering
and Dieting your Horfe, the next thing necelTary is, to inform you what
Muzzles are moft convenient for Race-Horfes, and what is the OccaJion
of their being put on, and the Danger that there is in fome of them,
Firft then. Muzzles were made to prevent Horfes from Biting and
Tearing their Racks, Mangers, and Stalls, to keep them from Eating
Loam or Mud-Walls, their own Litter, or the like, which is very dange-
rous and hurtful to them ^ for it is not requifite they ihould eat any thing
without your knowledge, or what you give them.
But as for thefe Muzzles there are many kinds, fom.e clofe, fom^e broad,
others with little round holes in them, thefe are commonly made of Lea-
ther which often proves very annoiable to your Horfe.
Firft then, Any Leather that is allomed is very hutful to the Head by
reafon of its fnarp Scent and Saltnefs, the next is that which is greafed
or drefled with courfe Oil, the fmell of which often makes your Horfe's
Head ake, and caufes him to leave his Meat, be Sick, and hard-bound,
{b that he cannot Dung kindly.
Now there are other kind of Muzzles that are very requifite which are
much in ule, which are made of Pack-thread or Whipcord : Thefe are
moft covenient in the Summer-time, and will not offend the Horfe, if you
waili them once in two or three Days or have frefti ones to put on.
Another fort there are which are commonly ufed in Winter, which
are made of ftrong Can\Kis Et for the Head of your Horfe, fo far as need
require, and bound with ftrong Filleting on one fide, a Loop being made,
and on the other a Sring to faften it round his Poll, and under his Chaps,
Ibme for warmth ufe to put a double Canvas, but take notice there muft
be a Breathing-place with Net-work juft againft his Mouth and Noftrils,
to let the Air in and out, or elfe, if it be hard tied on, it will go near to
Stifle him.
Thus much as touching Muzzles : Now I will return again to the Or-
dering your Horf , and give you a farther Account of feveral other Par-
ticulars in the Management of him, beyond what has already been di-
Icourfedupon. If
The Compfeat "Jockey.
~ If ill the eniliing Morning, you coming to vifit your Horfe foid iiim
laid, raife him not, but let him reft :, but if he be upon his Legs take a
Qiiart of Oats and waih them well in Beer or Ale, then dry them iii-
ditferently well and give him them to eat ^ and when he has lb eaten
them, put on his Bridle and rub him down exceeding well, after that,
put oa all his Cloaths and then for Sadling of him. ^ after which, hola
up his Head as high as you can reach, ar.d into his Mouth break a New-
laid Egg and oblige him to fwallow it, after which fpirt Ibme Beer in-
to his Mouth and carry him abroad to Air, obfervii^g at the Door as
formerly. Being mounted, ride him gently, and by degrees increale
his Pace till it come to a Gallop, and if he be \^o inclined let him fmell
to any Horfe's Dung he meets with upon the Road.
Now 1 fhall give you another I ftruftion worth obferving \ that is.
The Day you are defigned to run the Race, when you come within a
Mile or lefs of the ftarting Goal or Poft for that purpofe afligned, take
off his Cloaths, which being done, clap your Saddle upon his Back,
fending fome Perfon with his Cloaths to the end of the Race intended,
and ride him on gently till you come to the weighing or ftarting- poft ;
ftiew him the Poft and make him as far as he is capable, fenfibie of what
he defigned for to be done withal.
The Signal for the Start being given, put him on at near three quar-
ters fpeed, or if his Strength will allow it, more, but be fure you put
him not to more than he is able to perform, hold the Reins pretty ftrait
in your hand, but by no means check him in his Courfe, but let him run
on chearfully and give him all the Encouragement you can, and fo let
him run the whole Race through.
If you, duriug the Courfe, find his ftrength to fail him, or that he
begin to yield, give what Eafe you can, and do not force him to too great
a fvift; efs, but ufe him fo that he may be at all times well pleafed with
his Courfes and free to run, and fb in a fliort time you will bring him to
perfeftion, but if he be any way difcouraged at firft, he will never per-
form according to your Expectation.
Now the next thing material to be obferved is, upon what Ground
you run, and then confider which Ground your Horle takes moft delight
to run upon, for this may turn to your great Advantage, the which you
may beft take notice of in Heats or in his firft Race, whether it be
fmooth, rough, dry, wet, or a little rifing that he moft eagerly covets,
and for the future chufe it if pofTible in all your Races.
When the Race is ended, wherein if he have been exceeding hard
put it, by no means let him ftand ftill, but gallop him moderately
about ibme green Field, the better to let him take Breath by degrees
and cool accordiiigly, the which when you find he has pretty well
2 z done.
-)
A I'h^ CompUat Jockey,
done have him into Ibme dry Gravel-pit or other deep place out of
the Wind, or if there be none convenient, then to the thickeft Buihes
or Trees you can meet with, and there having his Cloaths ready, wk-h
a large blunt Kni'e or fome old piece of U'on or Wood, flat like a Ru-
ler, yet havinc; a blunt edge, fcrape the Sweat off from his Body, lay-
ing the ftrength of both your Hands on the fame till none appear in.
any part, and between whiles give your Horfe a Turn or two, and then
fcrape him again till he has done fweating at which time pull off
his Saddle, and crape the place on which it was -^ likewife then with
dry Cloaths, rub him in all parts, not omitting any place, exceeding
well , put on his Cloaths and girt his Saddle on upon them, immediately
after which, you muft Gallop him gently for a confidei able fpace, then
rub him flightly , not taking off his Cloaths, efpecially from his Head
and Keck ^ then you mav alight and walk him in your Hand about the
Heath or Field,bat be fure you fuffer him not to graze if he fhould offer
it, and when you perceive him cool and dry, ride him home gently ^
you may gallop him foftly if you pleafe ^ when you come home to the
Stable-Door endeavour to make him pifs and Dung, but beware you,
put him not into the Stable till he be quite dry and very cool, where being
entred, faften his Bridle to the Rack, and have this following Dofe in rea-
dinefs, which you muft give him in a Drenching-Horn, or fome fuch like:
thing, which will cleanfe his Body and much help Nature to recover
Strength, if he be any ways weakned by Running,
Chap. VI. Tlje Dofe or Scouring is made thusi
FIRST, get a Pint of the beft Canary, and add to it one Ounce,
three Drams of clarified Rofin beat into Powder, and ftir it about
m the Wine, then add more, half a Pint of Olive Oil the beft that cam
be got, ffor if it a.iy ways ftink it will make your Horfe fick and cauie
hirn to caft it up againj'and mix it well with the former, then take an
Ounce and three Quarters, or if you will two Ounces of Sugar-Candy,
beat it fmall and put it to the reft, all which being vvell mixed together,
place them in an Earthen Veffel upon a gentle Fire till they boil, then
take it off and let it ftand till it be Blood-warm, and lb give it your
Horfe, if he refufe to take it, you muft force him to it by pouring it
down his Throat,and holding up his Head till he have quite fwallowed it
down.
The Virtue of it is to take away the Scouring and Ibmetimes by gentle
Sweat all foul and grofs Humours", th.it too much Heat or Over-ftrain-
ing had caufed to gather in the Stomach and Bowels, it dilTolves crewdy
Greafe that having been melted is again fettled in hard Knobs, and brings
it away in what Part foever : in fie, there is not a v/holelomer Drink
can be given to any Hoife, efpecially after Running. Chap,
The Cowfleat Jockey. 35
Chap. VII. The Way and Afethod of hohivg too, and hefing your Horfe
after he has taken this Potion.
WHEN the Horle has taken it, then immediately rub his Leg"^
and pull off his Saddle and all other his Cloaths, leaving him
nothing on, then Curry him well^ and after brufh him, and with a Duft-
ing-Cloath duft him, and again with a new Hempen Cloath orCloath oi
Hair, rub his Body in every Part, but in fo doing your greateft Pains
muft be about his Head, Neck, and Breaft •, this being perfeded, pur on
his Cloaths and keep him as warm as poUible, and put feveral handfuls
of Straw under his Girts, and let him remain without either Meat or
Drink for the fpace of two Hours, during which time you muft watch
him, and feldome let him ftand ftill for fear of getting cold, during the
time the Potion is in working^ nay, Sleep or ftanding ftill (which he
will chufe if he be left alone to himfelf ) are alike dangerous, by
reafon that the Blood and Vital Spirits have not their Operation fo well
as in times of Motion, nor the heat of the Body power to force up the
Humours that lie as it were abfconded in the ieveral Parts. When he has
ftood in hisBridle,and fafted fb long as is before-mentioned,or if you think
covenient Ibmewhat longer *, then take Ears of Vl^heat about one Hun-
dred' and offer them to him to eat, but let them not be bearded in any
wife ; but e'er you fuffer him to take them, feel him all over in what
Condition or Eftate of Body he is, and if you find him Sweat on a fud-
den, or any cold Clamm overfpread his Limbs, which many call a cold-
Sweat, or if you oblerve him to Pant, Tremble, or fetch his Breath fliort,
with-hold your Hand, and give not any thing •, for if you do, it will much
indanger him, thefe being the Symptoms that the Potions has not done
working, but that it is ftriving with the vicious Humours and foul In-
digeftures of the Body, therefore put on his Slip, and taking off his
Bridle, ftop all the Lights of the Stable, the better to keep it Dark, and
fecure your Horfe from too much Air, and let him take his Eale in your
Abfence for the fpace of two Hours or more, by which time the Potion
will have done workmg, and his Sicknefs will pais away.
Then coming to him again, tf you find him well, you may give him
the Ears of Wheat by four or five at a time till the whole Parcel is waft-
ed, after that, if he will eat any more you may fuffer him to have the
like Quantity again, and after them a fmall Bundle of Hay bound up very
hard and thrown into his Rack ^ but during the time of his eating it, be
fure to rub him over as you have been taught ^ but more-fpecially hLs
Head.
2 Z 2 Within.
6 The CompUat Jockey.
Within the Hour following give him his Quantity of Oats as before,
mingling with them a Pint of husked Beans, as clean from Husks and
Duft as can be, then take three Slices of Bread and (the Cruft being cut
away) crum.bie them among the Oats and Beans, and fo give them to
him and after he has eaten let him ftand about two Hours and a half,
or three if you pleale.
Then coming to him give him fome Bait again of each the fame Parcels
as before, then Drefs him down well and put on his Cloath, but put not
on his Saddle, nor Back him, neither let him him have any Water that
Night, but keep him within Doors, for if you do otherwife you will in-
danger your Horfe.
Chap. VIII. Tloe Manner of making thefe BMls and their Vertue^ with an Ac-
count of what Difeafes they are mofi powerful to curv.
TAKE the Power of Elicampane Roots, Cummin-Seeds and Fe-
nugreek-Seeds, of each two Ounces beaten and fifted as fine as you
can poilible, to which put two Ounces of Sugarcandy, Brown if you pleale,
beat that likewife : Fine Flower of Brimftone the like Quantity one Ounce
of the Juice of Liquorice, then wetting them with half a Pint of White
Wine let them over the Fire, after which take one Ounce of the Chy-
mical Oyl of Annifeeds, and three Ounces of the Syrup of Colts-foot,
^dd to thefe of Olive-Oil, Honey, and Syrup or melted Sugar, all of
them being the beft you can get, one Pint and a half, that is of each half
a Pint, proportionable, then mingle all thefe Ingredients together, and
thicken them into Pafte with fine Wheat-Flower, and fo make them up
into Balls for yur ufe ; you muft not make them above the bignefs before-
3iientioned,or if you pleale you may make them up as you ufe them • put
them or the Pafte up into a Gally-pot and flop it dole, and it will keep a
long time.
For the ule of them take thefe Inftrudions? for their Vertues are very
great.
Frrft then, if you ufe them for any Sicknefs or Dulnefs in your Horfe,
anoint or rub them over with Sweet-Oil or Butter, and fo give them to
him each Morning as you were taught before, and after giv5 him a gen-
tle Breathing and let him drink, but if the Weather be foul, take him
not out.
But if for Cold, or any Infirmity in his Stomach, you may give them to
him till you perceive it wafted and gone.
The Vertues of them are for feveral other things,as Glanders, Heavings,
to purge away any molten Greafe,to recover a loft Stomach,Faintings and
Heart-Qualms, and to make any tolerable Horfe Fat to Admiration, but
to
The Compleat jockey. 57
to your Race-Horfes you muft give for ftrengthning and cheriiliing the
Spirits. But now the fourth and laft Fornight for preparing your Horle,
which muft begin with his laft Diet.
Chap. IX. Tlje Manner of making his laft Diet.
IN this you muft ufe three Pecks of Weat, and but one of Beans, and
let them be ground together upon the Black Stones as fmall as poffible
they can be, then Drefs it through an exceeding fine Dreifing-Cloath •
for Note, that every Bread muft be finer than the former : Then put to
it the formentioned Quantity of Ale-Yeft, but be fure it be not Ibwre,
nor the Grounds. Then knead it together, and make it up mto Loaves as
formerly ; but to this, above what has been fpoken of, you muft add
the Whites of two or three and twenty Eggs, and inftead of Water put
Milk, fb much as will make it up.
They being baked, let them ftand their ufual time, and then cut the
Cruft away, or as fome call it, chip them, after which, dry a Quart of
Gats well, and after that fift them, fo that there be no defeft left in
them, to which put your Beans in like manner ordered, at the ufual times,
them all three mingled together to him.
As for his Heating and Courfmg-Days,the firft Week they muft be pun-
£lua]]y obferved, but the fecond you muft bate him one, that is. Heat him
but once, and muft be Monday's Heat. After he has ftood one Hour
more in his Bridle, you may take three Pintsof Oats, and fteep them in
Beer or Ale fbr-a fhort time, and then give them to him, and they will
much cheriih him, and allay his Thirft.
This being done, about an Hour's fpace after, you fhall give him the"
former Quantity of Beans, Oats, and Bread in the fame Order, and Man-
ner, or if you think it more convenient, you may give them feveral, and
not mingle them:, let him by no means want for feeding at Night,
for when you make him his laft, give him not only his Bait, but leave
him a Bundle of Hay in his Rack bound up very hard.
Next Morning, as foon as Day appears, you muft give him his firft'
Diet, then rub him well in every part^ after which,put on his Cloths and
Air him, that is. Ride him abroad, and ufe him as formerly, permittting
him to drink freely ^ both Gallop and Rack him, but do not Ride him
hard.
When you return, Drefs him, and feed him with Oats, Beans, and
Bread as heretofore, and fome Hay, but not ^o much as you were ufed to
give him.
As for your Heating Days, they muft likewife be obferved in all points
as formerly, nor upou any Qccafion negleded, unlefs upon fcch as has
been .
The Comfleat Jockey,
been declared, nor muft you encreafe them, norftrain your Horfe more
than you were wont ^ four Heats^ or Courfes will be fufficient for the firft
Fortnight, and four Purges or Scowrings tor the whole time of his being
made fit for Racking, all which muft be obferved with dilgence and cau-^
tion, according to the forementioned Methods and Inftrudions ^ but now
to the Third, &f.
Chap X. The Third Fortnight^ s Dietting and Ordering your Horfe.
N'O W for the Manner of making his Bread, it muil be as followeth,
_ finer than formerly was wont, muft it be made ^ therefore take but
two Pecks of Beans, and with fine Wheat make it up a Bufhel,let them be
ground together as formerly, and dreffed exceeding fine, fo that there be
hardly a Husk or a Bran to be feen j then with a like Quantity of Yeft as
'before, mingle the Meal and add Water to it, fo much as is juft fuffi-
cient to make it ftick clofe together ; when it is well kneaded and worked
up, you mufl Bake it as you have been taught*
After which, it having flood about three Days or fomewhat more,pare
away the Cruft and give it your Horfe, (that is) three Slices crumbled
amongft a Quart of fine dreiled Oats and a Quart of Iplit Beans -^ your
Obfervance ihall be in thefe as in the former two Weeks, his Dreffings,
Airings -^ times of Feeding, and likewife his Heating-Days muft be parti-
ticularly obferved. And take Notice of this.
That you muflnot, after he has been heated, give him any of the
Scowring, but that being laid afide, give him in the room of it Balls a-
bout the Bignefs a Pullets-Egg, which are great Cordials and Reftoratives,
and you muft give him one at a time ^ thus fitting in the Saddle or other-
wife if you pleale, hold up his Head as high as is convenient, and put
one of them into his Month and oblige him to fw allow it, but before you
give it him you muft rub him down, or according to your Match ; for
you muft not heat him for four or five Days before you intend to run your
Race, but you may Air him very well, and give him gentle Breathings,
that he may in no wile lofe his Wind, but give him none of- the fore-
mentioned icouring Drink.
0ne thing more I have coniidered to quicken his Spirits and make him
lively, which is to burn Storax, Olibanum, Frankincenfe and Benjamin
" mixed together, which drive away all ill Scents and Airs, and there is no-
thing more wholefomer for the Brain,
As likewife, xvhen you give your Horfe his Oats, Beans, and Bread,
waih the two former in neither Ale nor Beer,but take a Pint of Mufcadine,
about the Whites of ten Eggs, and fteep them therein, but you need
not do it above four times in a Week \ at other times give them to himi
dry as formerly. Beware
The Com fie at Jockey,
Beware likewile how to give him any Hay, unlels immediately after
his Heats, and then holding a fmall Wifp in your Hand let him pull it
thence by degrees, but if his Belly be apt to Hirink up, you may i^ive
him more to keep it ftrait.
Again, all the iaft Week if your Horfe be given to eat his Litter, you
muft keep him muzzled as you have been formerly taught, but if he be
not fubjed tothe fame, nor to eat any other foul thing, three Days be-
fore you Run him will be a fulEcient fpace to keep him muzzled.
The Day-Morning before you intend to Run him ^ you muft Air him
gently, and when you have brought him Home, Drefs him and Rub him •
as formerly, and be fure to Diet him exceeding well, omitting no Point,
neither before nor after his being carried abroad, only towards Kight
you may ftint him of the third part of his ufual Bait, but let his Iaft
Diet be full Proportion, as likewile his Dreffing ;, another thing is alio
to be obferved, which is, that you muft not keep him out late, but let him
be in his Stable at Sun-fet or before, and likewife the Day before the
Match you fhall Shooe him. Poll him, and all things el fe that you Ihall
think convenient for fittmg him out in the beft wife, but beware that it
be not unskilfully performed, for then you may much injure your Horfe,
or give him forae caufe to be offended at your Curiolity, or as many call
it Adornment. It is reported by Ibme who have had long Experience in
this Way and Manner of ordering of Horfes, that feveral are fo skilful
as to underftand the meaning of fuch Ornaments, and what they are to
be put to, the next Day, which makes them conceive fuch Pride that
they will not eat any Meat till the time they have run the Race, unlefs it
be forced upon them.
It is true, all Authors that treat of Naturalities do affirm-that Horfes
are moft knowing and fubtil Creatures, and that they are endued with
many noble Qualities and generous Perfe£lions.
Now for Bradfng their Tails and Manes, and tying Ribbons on their
Forehead, or at their Ears, I hold altogether unnecefTary, for lb doing
does not only offend him, but many times hinders him in the performance
of his 'Race, by reafon that they make him caft his Head often to look at
them, and if he has not been ufed to them, many times make him ftart
out of his Way, and lb lole his Ground -^ therefore in my Opinion, only
to Comb out his Mane and Tail (and if they be too cumberfbme you may
clip them a little) is the beft Method in that Cafe.
Be fure there be nothing! eft undone that you intend to do to him, till
the Morning he is to Run, for if there' be, it may chance to vex him,
^and thereupon fome Horfes will grow Sullen, annd will not run freely.
The Mornirg you are to Run., make him a Vifit before it is well light
and sifter you have pulled oil. his Muzzle ai;id rubbed his Head in every
part
-O The C ample at Jockey,
pare thereof, offer him a Quart of Oats fteeped in a Pint of Muskine or
Tent, but before you put them in, bruife them a little :; u' he chance to
- refuie it, put him fome Oats in the Whites of Eggs oiiiy ^ or to be better
fure of his eating Ibme of the beft aad fineft Bread, anu fome whole
Wheat, well fifted and dreffed, mingled with Oats, in which you muft
ufe no Beans •, but be fure you give him but a little of any of thefe Diets,
for if you fill him he will be unfit for the Race and may fail your Expec-
tation,'which, otherwifehe no doubt would have anlivered in each parti-
cular to your great Satisfaftion.
If he empty not his Body freely, take him abroad and air him a little,
and fee if you can poiTibly get him to Dung and Urine, the w hich if he
do(the which no doubt by this time you will have taught him to do) b' ing
him into the Stable again, and put his Muzzle on ^ but on the contary,
if he will empty without any further trouble in the Stable, 'tis needlefs
to lead him out, and far better to let him remain till the time you are
defigned to run, or about half an Hour before, according as the diftance
is from the place he is kept to the ftarting-place.
Juft as you are going to lead him, dip the Bitt of his Bridle in Mulca-
dine or Alicant, and then drawing off his Muzzle, draw on his Bridle,
but if you fee him inclinable to empty, let him do it before, and .to in-
cite him to do it more fpeedily, give him about a Pint of wafhed Oats,
Bread and Wheat as before you did •, then fpread foft Wax, fuch as Shoe-
makers ufe under your Girt and Saddle, which done, girt it gently on his
Back, fo that he fcarcely feels it is on •, then fpread a large white Linnen
Cloath over his Saddle, and over it all his other Cloaths, which likewife
being flightly girt, ftick wilps under his Girts or Surfmgles, but let them
be very foft -^ then cover him with fome piece of rich Tapiftry or Cloath
of State to make him fhew Gallant,after which pour down hisThroat with
u Drenching-Horn one Pint of Mufcadine, Alicant, or for want of either,
Canary.
Then lead him forth with Courage, and fuffer him to move gently, and
if he offer to fmell to any Dung either old or dew, fuffer him by any
means to do it, or if he offer not, endeavour to make him do it, for it
will caufe him to evacuate, which will much lighten him and help him
in the Race ^ nay^ ufe double-diligence herein, by leading him to fuch
places as you think will fooneft provoke him to it, as heaps of Rufhes,
Brakes, or Heath, little Bufhes, high tufted Grafs or the like, but if
there happen to be no fuch in your way, then you may fpread, and light
up fome Straw under his Feet, making him ruftle j then whiftle, and
touch him gently with your Switch or Whip to make him llretch, the
which no doubt will effed your defire.
Again,
The Compleat Jockey, 4
Again, if he Foam at Mouth by Champing hard upon his Bitt or other-
wife, you muft take Care to have a fine Linnen Cloth ready to wipe it oftj
and a VefTel of fair cool Water, to cleanfe and walk his Mouth ftill as you
obferve Froth or Foam to rile.
Then having walked him gently to the Place defigned for Starting,you
tnuft take off all to his Saddle, and having rubbed him down with care
in every part (which mull: be done with hard Wifps) fearch and cleanfe
Jiis Feet, aud fpirt fome Water into his Mouth ^ after which, your ieif
or whom you ailign to ride him, may take his Back, and oblerving the
fair Start put f.viftly on, and run the Match.
No doubt with goodfuccefs ^ for this manner of Ordering will CeU
dom fail your Expectations, if your Horfe in himfelf be but found and
of good mettl'd f_.imbs and ftrength to bear him out.
Now I flaall gi\^e the Curious to underftand as neceflary a Point belong-
ing to Horfes as has ever been difcourfed of in any Traft whatlbever,
the which will be \fiery uieful for all thole whofe Employ it is to Trade
in Horles, and be as the Seller's Card, to direft them in that Affair, and
keep them from being over-feen or cheated in any Market or Fair what-
lbever^ with each particular Obfervation, Rule and Method to be taken
Notice of in the Limbs, Body, and Head, as Eyes, Mouth, Nofe, Ears,
and the true Manner to know a good Horfe from a bad.
But to begin, Firft, There are thele things to be oblerved if you will
chufe a Horfe that Ihall be for your Turn, and pleafe you in every Part
and in all his Aftions, Travels or other Labours, as Hunting, Racing,War,
drawing of a Coach, Chariot, or any Rural Service whatfoever, hut take
Notice that no one Horfe can be capable of all thefe.
Therefore you muft chufe your Horfe according to what you deiign him
for, and fo manage him accordingly
But to Imperfeftion in general, the which I will undertake to demon-
flrrate in the Ibund Horfe, who is no ways defeftive, becaule in him may
lively appear all the Maladies and Mifchances that may or can befall any
Horle whatfoever.
Firft then, be advifed. That whenever you defign to buy a Horfe, take
efpecial notice of all his Parts, and the full Proportion of his Body, ac-
cording to his natural Shape, or if you can obferve any Imperfedion in
his Limbs that may arife by accident, whereby they are leffened or made
bigger, take efpecial Care you find out the Caufe of it, if poilible, bv
which you may know what you buy, and whether to like or diflike
him.
In which. Your Obfervances in Eleftion muft be drawn from two Head?,
the firft of which is general, the latter peculiar or proper.
For the firft of which, it is to be underftood upon what Occafion
you buy your Horfe> or for what ufe he is defigned, what Colour is befi
A a a or
^2 ^^f'^'* Complcat jockey.
or beft pleales you ^ next his Stature, Breed and Likenels, thefe are ge-
r.eral, becaule every Man in this will pleafe himfelf according to his
Fancy, nor ever can we imagine all Men to be of a Mii:d in this, there-
fore k is beft to let them chufs according to their own Pleafure, nor much
matters it.
The next, which is a peculiar or a particular Query, to know what
Country Breed he is of, whether Ena;liilior Foreign, to know which, you
muft enquire of thole who have had the Breeding of him, or if that
cannot be known, by reafon of his being fo often bought and ibid, take
thefe particular Obfervations y if he be S^inif) Breed, his Limbs are fraall
and ftrait, dry and fpare like a Hart's :i if Barbaryy a fine little Head, and..
a well-let Breaft and Shoulder :i if of Nuples^he is Hawks-nofed, and clear-
ey'd, his Eyes feeming to fparkle •, i'i Dutch ov Flemijlj, his Legs will be
generally rough, and large Hoofed •, as for French and Eriglif), they are al-
moft alike, only the EngLjh are Itronger fet, and more hardy for any Ex~-
erciie whatibever.
Kow to his Colour, for the Colour of a Horfe is much to be obferved,,
by reafon one Colour is far better than anotner, tho' there be good Horles ■
of all Colours •, the beft Colours, as the moft experienced do oifirm, are-
the Roan, the White, the Lyard, the Bay, the Sorrel, the Dapple-grey,
the Flea-bitten, the Black, Iron-grey, and White, but above ail, the Bay
is cholen and accounted thr beft, both by the French 2.rA the Englijl}, elpe-
cially if they have a Star in their Fore-heads, and their Feet fpotted with
white Spots, the Lyard for Courage is efteemed, which is a mingled Roan,,
the Moufe-Dun and Grizled were formerly in great efteem, asalfothe
Dapple-grey, and fuch as come neareft them, the Iron-grey, the White
Sorreland Brown-Bay, Tlato commendeth much the White, whom, Fir-
g'll does not eft'eem •, others commend the Black, efpecially if he have a
white Star in his Fore-head, or be ftreaked with White clown his Face ;
the Black if he be not mingled with Silver-Hair, nor have any White a-
bout him, is naught for Service, the Flea-bitten Horfe is always lingu-
lar good for Travel and other Labours, and will hold out the beft of any:^
the Yellowiih or Clewed, unlels he be fpotted or ftreaked with White, /s
naught, yet if he be VN^ell marked he often proves indiffererit well •, ar^d if
he have a black Lift down his Back from the Kape of his Neck to h's
Tail, he is excellent good for a Stallion if his Proportion be according^
the Red-Bay ,and the Blue-Grey are much flibjeft to Melanclioly.The Fle-
bitten and the Black wi':h White are Sanguine ^ the Roan, the Sorrel arid
the Black without White fubje^c to Choler.
Rutastotheir Paces, V'/hich are thefe. Trot, Rack, Am.ble or Gallop,
the which you rauft chule, according as you defign to put In"m to, either
tor Racing, Hunting, Travelling, or Fight ; if it be for. moderate Tra-
velling,
2 he Compleat '^ockejjf. 43
veiling, an eafy Trot is beft, the which you may kno.v i[ ho be prone to
by obferving his Legs:
Thus, when his Kear Fore-Leg and his Off Hinder-Leg move toge-
ther, or his Near Hinder-Leg and his Off Fore-Leg ; and farther oblerve,
that if when he moves, he be quick to raife his Legs from the Groui;d,
and do it iliort and with an even d'itance, makii-g but little Treads, he
wiW likewife Pace very well; for if he lift up his Feetblandringly or
carelefly, it denotes he is given to Stumbling, and will be ofc troubled
with Lamenels ; if he ftrikes his Legs a-crofs or take no wide is in his
Steps, it denotes he is fubje£l to Trip, Interfere or Fall; if he take not
his Step even, it fhews an unwillingnefs to Travel and a weaknefs in his
Limbs ', if he tread large Steps he is fabjeft to over-reach and Strain him-
felf, if he be put to the Speed.
Again, if you chu fe a Horfe for eafe and plealant Journey, you muift
chufe an Ambler, which you may know rhus ; if he move both his Legs
on the fame Side together, Fore-Leg and Hinder-Leg, and that lie tnuft
do, large, nimble, and eafie; for if he tread fliort and iliulliing he is no
good Ambler ; yet if he be very nimble at his firft beginning to Pace, it
denotes he cannot long hold it.
Nov/ for hunting either of Buck, Stag or Flare for Speed on the Road,
or to Ride Poft ; if you chufe a Horfe then you muft take one who
has naturallv, or has been taught the Racing Pace, which neither Trot
nor Amble, but between both, and is the eafieft of all, though it gnin not
■Co much Ground, the which you may obferve by the fame Method as you
did Ambling.
The next I have to treat of is Galloping, which is natural to all the for*-
mer Paces but the Amble ; for an Ambling Horfe will immediately be
brought to Gallop,by realbn it confifts almoft of the fime Nature with it,
only a flower and not fo much ftraming ; for it being a fwift Pace, by
long ufe has lo inured the Horfe to it that he cannot without fome time
and inffructiou frame his Leggs to it, but will fall into a Pace •, if he be
overmuch fpurred, beaten or forced, that can properly be called no Pace
but a confuiion of all together, but perfefts all things, lb in time you may
bring him to Gallop as you pleafe if no Imperfeftion in his Limbs reftrain
him.
Now I jliall lay down fuch Obfervations as you may infiiliibly know a
good Galloper by. Firft, If he raife his Feet fwift and clearly from the
Ground, but not too high, and that he neither rowl nor boggle in his
way,nor ftriketh his Belly with his Feet. If he take large Reaches vv'ith his
Fore-Legs^ and his Hinder follow quickly, in which you muft obierve
that he do not cut under the Knee or on the Shank, which is called by fome
the Galloping, but by others the Swift-cut, or that he tlirows not his Leg§
A a a 2 crolF)
The Compleat Jockey,
crofs,' or twift them as it were, nor that he fet one Foot upon, or clap it
againil the other, but that he keep him fteady and even in all his Courfe,
ar.d ftill with his Fore-Foot Head the Way,
The Horie who has thefe Properties always Gallops moft neatly, and
11 Man may truft to him in any time of Danger, that is, if he be befet
with Thieves, or pufued by an Enemy in time of War, if he be but
able of Body and well kept.
If your Horfe raile all his Feet together, and Gallop as it were on a
Keap, or Round, then he is not Swift, but will tread fure and hold out
well, by realbn of his flrength of Limbs, and is fit for War, or carry
Double.
Again, Obferve if a Horfe Gallops but Ibftly and treads firm, not
being fubjeft to Fall nor Stumble, yet his Legs feem tender, and he
llRs them up as it were in fear, and tlwows them in and out as if he
was hurt or pained, then he is not for Galloping ufes, nor never will
he, by reafon he has fome obfcure Difeafe or lliff Lamenefs in his Joints
that is hard to remove.
Now as to his Hight or Stature, the which muft be obferved accord-
ing to the Ufe you put him to, or as your felf ihall think fit, a well-
made Horfe with ftrong Joints, but not much Fleih upon his Legs, you
muft chufe about iixteen Hands high if you take one for carrying dou-
ble or any other great Weights ^ as likewife for drawing either in Cart,
Waggon or Coach, and if for Recreation only, the fineft and neateft
Limbed and Shaped you can light of, and not exceeding fourteen Hands
in Stature, or if you pleafe lefs, according to the Proportion of you own
Body.
Thus far having given you, as I well hope, a fatisfaftory Inftrufti-
on, I ihall now proceed to inform you of the Deformities and Imper-
fedions, fecret Diftempers and Infirmities that lie hidden many times
from the Eyes of the Buyer, the which are not a few, fo that it would
be almoft impoflibleto difcover them all, fo that everyone might un-
derftand them •-, therefore I ihall endeavour to give you as plain and full
an Account as is neceffary, or that can be underftood according to the
beft Opinions of the Skilful.
To begin then, When any one offers you a Horfe to fell, after yoti-
have ieen him tried, as to the former Experience, and underftand his
Age, and Breed, then caufe Saddle and all other his Cloaths, nay, his
very Bridle, if fo be you can get him to ftand ftill without it, to be
be took off, and then place your felf juft before him and look wiihfully
upon him, and take efpecial Notice of his Countenance at all times,
whether he look pleafant and lively , well and ftedfaft, without Change
or Alteration j the which if lie do, it is a Sign that he is of a good Spirit
and
The Compleat jockey. ^h
and in good Health as to Bodily Sicknels or inbred Difeafes ^ the next
thing to be obferved is his Ears,for if they be thick, fiilf and taper from
the Roots to the Tips, as alfo long or of a convenient Size, well faflened
and ftrong at the Roots, it is a great fign of Mettle, perfe^lion Com-
pleatnefs, for fuch Ears are an Ornament to any Horfe-
But if they be contrary, as thick at the Ends,' lolling, and often moving,
it denotes him Dull, Sloathful, Heavy and Stubborn, and of a very ill
Temper.
Now if his Face be clean, and his Fore-head riiing, the Similitude ©f a
Feather in his Fore-head, upon his Cheeks or any part of his Face, but
it; is the greater Sign if it be above hu Eyes, or if he have a white Spot
Star, or Streak of a pretty large Size drawn even, or a Snip of White up-
on his Nofe it is a Sign he is Good and Beautiful.
But on the contrary, If his Face feem Swelled, Bloated, Puffy, Fat Dull
Cloudy or Lowring,his Fore-head Flat and Sqare, with the vulgar Term
of Mare-faced, the Rach, if any he has in his Front, ftanding very low
or in the middle of his Face, his Star or Streak uneven or crinkled his-
Nofe baird or raw, and the Hair in many places off from his Face are
very bad Marks and Signatures of 'great Deformity.
Again, If his Eyes be fliiniug, full and round, ftand Eagle-like, put
from his Head, and little or none of their Whites to be iee\i, if they be
full and fparkling, it denoteth him Chearful, Swift-fighted and Comely
full of Spirit and of good Nature, yet Fierce and Fiery.
• But if his Eyes look askue, feem dull and withered, little and flow in
Motion, they denote much Imperfedion, and are unhandfome to behold •
if they are the Colour of Foxes or Ferret's-Eyes, he will be quickly
Moon-eyed, or Wall-eyed, if not timely prevented. Blind ; if he chance
to have a thick dull Film over it, and in it white Specks *, it not only fhews
Timoroufnefs in your Horfe, but fubje8:ion to a cauflels Starting, and nlfo
in danger of having a Pin and Web, or white Skin over his Sight ^ if
they run either Water or Matter, or feem Bloody or Raw, they proceed
from an old Surfeit, or an Over-heating, which was done by immoderate
Riding ^ Corruption ingendring in the Head by exceeding Draughts or
thg like, as dead Eyes that are low funk do^ that if he lives long he will
b Blind, and that he was gotten by a very aged Stallion and is of no
good Breed ^ if the Whites be as much feen as the Black, it fignifies great
Weaknefs, Unnatural and fullen in himfelf
Again, If you obferve by feeling or otherwife his Chaps or Jaw-
Bones Lean, Spare, and large fpaces between them, his Wind-pipe
and Wind great, not furrounded or incumbred with Nerval fmall
Ropes or the like ^ and that his Neck feems to ih.oot through the Jaw,
or be placed in the neather part of it within the fame j it is a^Token of a
large
j^6 The Compleat ^sckey.
large and ftrong Wind, and that youi' Horfe will hold out a Race very
well, if all his Liinbs be propoitior'able, and that he is of a good Heart,
and has a Bead not lubjeQ: to Difeafes : Bui: on the contrary, if his
Jaws be Fat, Grofs and ful of Kernels or Gr.obs, and thkt there is but a
little fpace between the Bones ^ it denotes Short-wind, Foulnels of
Stomach and Belly, and fubjeS: to Glanders, Broken-wiuded, or Stran-
gmy, and many times apt to.be troubled with grievous Colds.
Now if his Jawsbeclofe and firmly fixed, as it were to touch each
otl^er, io that they caufe the Flefli to rile about them, asiffwelled, it
-denoteth Short-wind, grofs and vitious tiumours fettliiig there, and
efpecially if it rife moie in or.e place than in another, and the form of
the Riiingsbe long, for then fome inward Infeftion is gathered, which
if rot taken in time will turn to an Impofthume or worfe.
If he have wide Noftriis, and they open and ihut, and feem in a
continual Tt/Iotion, fo that the iniides or rednefs upon every little Strain-
ing or Snorting appear, 3^et the Compafs of his Nole but fmall, his Mouth
not wide but deep, vs^ith fmall dry LipS:, meeting without the leall: hang-
ing over, do likewife promife the 'Horfe good, and well-winded, couragi-
ous and hardy.
But if contrary, quite otherwife \ as iliort-winded, tender and weak,
a ihallow-mouthed Horfe will never bear his Bridle well, but if it be not
buckled faft, the Bitt will be apt to fail out of his Mouth, or he will be
much apt to flaver.
Again, If his Upper-lip be uneven, and will not meet with his Un^
der, but either fhut over or fiap, it is a certain Sign that he has a lingring
Difeale, or is exceeding Slow, as alfo if he has a Rheum or Dropping
at the Nofe, if that b-e clear, it w-ill, if not timely ftopped (the which
it is hard to do) turn to the Glanders^ if one Noiiril runs it is worle
'than if they did both.
Now as to his Teeth •, be fure to obferve that when you buy
a Horfe, to look into his Mouth, and take a diligent Care to fee if he
have loft none of his Teetlo, or if he have, what they are, whether
Grinders, Fore-Teeth or Tufn?s •, for thereby you may give a ihrewd
Guefs at his Age, although the Mark be out of his Mouth :, but to avoid
' being Cheated, by not a Horie that has loft any, for if he have loft fome
the reft will quickly follow.
The next thing to be confidered is his Breaft, for if that be Broad,
ftrong fet, rifuig, or full-fieihed, and adorned with Marks or Feathers ^
then you may cor.iide in his 'Strength, and he will not deceive your Ex-
peftations ^ but if he be contrary, it denotes weakefs of Body, and un-
ntnefs for Labour, and that he is given to that ill Qiiality in Horfe.<7,
'vU. to Stumbling, as likewife to Cutting and Tripping as alfo if his
Breaft
The Compleat Jockey. 47
Breaft feem to fink, or give inwards, it ihews him of no Courage or
Mettle.
The next thing to be cofidered is his Legs -^ that is, his Fore-Legs
only, of the Hinder hereafter I Ihall Treat : Firil:, Obferve the Joynt
next to his Shoulder, wliich is properly called the Bow or Elbow, and
from thence his Thigh as low as his Knee, and obferve they be v/ell Si-.
newed and Covered with Brawny Flefh, no ways giving out nor tumid,
and that he Hand firm without bending or moving his Joynts, which if
he do, it is a Sign of Strength, as likewife they are all Marks of the
fame.
The next is to oblerve if he carry aji even or equal Face with his Legs,
butefpecially with his Knees, and that they be neat, well knit and not
too Flefhy, of a juft Propoition •, for take notice, if they dilfer in Mag-
nitude, he has had his Knee brol^e, or eife fome Dillemper harbours
there, as the Gout, &c. if. you find any Cuts or Scars with Hair grow-
ing in them, he is apt to Fall, which will be hard to cure or rid him
of. ,
Then leaving his Kneesj obferve his Shanks as low as his Fetlocks, and
if they be well finewed, finely made and ihaped proportionable to his
Thighs,and that they neither bend in nor out, and that there be no Ridge
nor Seam defcending from the Knee- joy nts on tlie infide, then is he good
and found in thofe Parts ;, but on the contrary, if there be Scars, Scabs_,
or Knobs on the infide, it is by realbn of his high ftriking, called by ■
moil: the Swift-Cut ^ but if above his Fetlock or Hoof, it is interfering,
or Short-Cutting, but in this be fure to take good Obfervation, for if
under the Skin all over there appear little Knobs or Scabs, it is caufed
by fome ill Ufage or nafty Keeping, or elfe Symptoms of the Mange,
that will in ihort time break forth to the full if not prevented.
Farther, If his Legs be full-flefhed, Fat or Dropflcal, he will in no
wife be fit for Servile Labour ; if on the inward Bend of his Knee there
be long Scars, Seams or Scabs, the wliich have not been occafioned by the
Swift-Cut, they will prove very dangerous :; for it denotes a Malander ^
that in a -ihort time will turn to a Canker or Ulcer.
Now let us defcend to his Faflerds, the fiiil of which mnil be
fare to be cleaner and and ftrongly knit with Sinews or Ligaments:^
the fecond flrait, ftilf ?.nd fmoothly fixed, not more inclinable to
bend one way than another, but not over-long ^ tor it fnews a weak
Korle : Or if the former be Gouty or Swelling, it denotes Stains and
over-reaching 5inev/s.
The next thing to be confidered is the Hoof, the which is as great
a piece of Curiofity to be obfer'^^d as any that belong to the cliuiing cf a
goodHorfe, for if that fail, all the other FrcDcrtics avail net.
Zl"'>
The Compleat "jockey.
Firft then, A good Hoof fliould be fmooth,of Colour Black and
inclining to long, fomething hollow and full founding ; fortake no-
tice that a white Hoof is not fo good, by reafon of its tendernefs ;
fo that it is apt either to let the Shoo draw, or it felf to batter or
fpread, by being in too much Wet or hard Riding.
The next is a withered Hoof that feems to Scale, or have Welts
or Seams upon it ; which denotes the Horfe to be aged or much
worn by hard Travel or Over-heats; another fort of Hoofs
there are, which are called Short-Hoofs, and are fo brittle, that
they will not bear any Shooe above a Day at the moft, if rid
or laboured ; if his Hoof be exceeding round, it is bad for
deep and dirty Ways, by reafon the Horfe cannot tread fure ; a
flat Hoot that is light and full of Pores or Holes, is a fign of his
being foundred ; if you perceive by ftriking the Hoof a hollow
Noife, or that it be hollow within, it fignifies fome internal defed,
and an old Fefter not cured, that has wafted the Pith, and there-
fore is not good.
The next thing obfervable is the Coronet, or Socket of the
Hoof, the which being well-fleflied, fmooth, without Chops or
Scars, and well decked with Hair, is a fign of its being m good
plight and found ; but if the contrary, lie is often troubled with
Ring- Worms, a Crown-Scab, or the like dangerous Misfor-
tune.
Having taken particular Notice of the former Properties of
Goodnefs or Defe^l, remove your felf to the Right Side, and then
take efpecial notice how his Head is fixed to his Neck ; fee firft
that it be fmall at the fetting on, and fo by degrees defcend Ta-
per to his Shoulders, not thick, but rather broad; and oblerve that
his Head ftand not too high nor too low, with a high, yet thin
Creft, his Mane declinable, long, foft, and a little curling, which
are Signs of Comehnefs ; as on the contrary, a thick Jolt-Head
and thick Neck, ftiort and Brawny, fliews much Dulnefs and
Deformity.
■ It' there be any Swelling in or under the Nape of the Neck,
it will certainly turn to the Pole-Evil or fome Fiftula, which is al-
together as bad, if not taken in time.
Again
he Compieat Jockey.
Again, To have a tnick Neck, ana lank or talien near ths; Withers, lo
have a grofs and flat, or funk Creft, are Signs of great dtft.'ft in Strct^gth ;
excefllve ftore of Hair upon the Main, efprcially if it be firait and hard,
fjgnifies Dulnefs and wane of Courage ; a thin Main that is not made fo by
any Accident or Dillemper, fiiews the Horfe to be of a fieiy Nature ; if
it fall away, it fhews either Itch, Worms, or Mange to lodge there.
The next thing worthy to be obferved, is his Back or Chine, v*'bich rauft
be broad, ftrait and fmooth, well meafured and even, to which his Ribs
muft be well grafted, firm and round, his Fillets or Haunches ftrair, ftout
and flrong, nor mult there be above three Inches breadth between
the fartheit Rib and Huckle-bone, that is the neareft to the fame, as the
fhort.Ribs, which are all Signs of a perfeiH: and well-fhaped Horfe.
. The next thing is. To take fpecial Obfervation of the fliape of his Body,
if it be plump, fmooth, and contained within the compafs of his Ribs, and
rot hanging over, or paunching out; his Stones or Genitals muft like-
wife be contained clofe in their Purfes or Cods, as it were girt to his
Yard, the which (hews the Horfe to be of good Mettle, well made, and
free from Dileafes in thofe Parts; but if the contrary, it fhews him defe-
ftive and uncomely.
Firft then, If he have a narrow Back, he will be prone to Saddle-Galls,
Hurts and Bruifes in Riding ; to have a fway Back is a token of great Weak-
nefs in the Chine ; or if his Ribs be very fat and flrair, they in Travel will
hinder him from fetching his full Wind, and fo confequently make him tire •
if now his hinder Ligaments or Fillets be flack, hang fiabbing and unfeem-
ly, they will be a great hindrance to him, if he Travel in fteep ways, and
he can by no means hold and Pace up a Hill, if it be very fteep, and
but very untoward in carrying a Burthen.
Again, If his Belly be gaunt, and feem to be clofe within his Ribs, or
near to his Back, if his Stones hang down and fwag about in the Cods, they
are great Sign? of Imperfedion and Uneafinefs in the Korfe,caufed by fome
Diftemper, and likewife he will be apt to Founder.
The next things to be taken notice of are his Buttocks; they muft be
fmooth, round and even, not ftanding too high nor too low, but as near as
can be level with his Body : but many choofe a long Buttock'd Horfe for
Riding double or the like, which if they do, they muft obferve that they
rife behind, and weaF the Dock fpread to the fetting on thereof, which
makes a Horfe fhew well, and are Signs of Strength.
Now for the narrow Buttock or ridged Rump, they are both weak and
uncomely, and will not conveniently bear any thing behind.
From which I lliall defcend to his Thighs or Hips; fiirft, obferve if they
be well brawned, finewed, and that they from the firft fetting on to the
B b b Bow-
^o The Compkat Jochy^
Bow Joint are made taper, leflening by cl^grees, and be well fit fhed ; all
which, if they be not, (hews Weakncfs and imaprnefs for Service; after
which take fpecial notice of the Hock or middle Joint, and with your Hand
feiil if it be well knit, full of Giittle?, Sinews ard Ligaments, that it be not
flefhy nor fwelled, and that it have large Veins, be pliant and apt to bend
at each Motion of the Horfe, fcmeihing bowing it muft be and firm. All
thefe are good Sign?. , but if there be Cuts, Scars, or Feftt-rs in the infide
of the Joint, or clfewhere, it is dangerous and not eafie to be cured.
H there happen any fwelling or Heat over the Joints in general, then it
is no other but a Blow ; but obferve, if fuch fwelling be only in one place,
and that on the inridfc,inthe hollow of the Joint, and the Veins ftriu, feel
hot, and beat much, or throb, and that the fwelling be fofc, it is a B ood-
Spaven; but if brawny and bard, a Bone-Spaven ;but if it chance to be juft
upon the Hock or Out-Bow behind, or a little under it, then it is, or fhort-
ly will be, a Curb, &c.
Now for his hinder Legs, you muft obferve whether they be fine, near,
and clean, full of ftrong Sinews, and no? very fat, which fhews him found
in tbofe Parts ; but on the contrary, if his Legs be very far, flrOiy, large, it
fignifies him bad for Service ; if they be tumid or fwelling, it denotes the
fettlings of molten Greafe there; if any Scabs happen to be fomething a-
bove the Pafterns, they denote the Scratches or Chops : Curs or Scars be-
neath them, denote Pains or Aches, all which are dangerous, and require
great Skill and Diligence to cure thtm.
Now for the Tail ; it cannot ftand amifs nor out of place upon fair But-
tocks-, But upon an ill pair, if it be never fo well placed, it will not feem
handfom; the Pofture it ought to ftand in, is even with the parting of the
Buttocks, that is broad, high, fmooth, and (bmewhat bending inward, i^efhy
and of a good length, briftly and curled, the length being not only a
Beauty, but very neceffary for him to defend hin.felf with, againft Wafps,
Hornets, and Flies, tho' many defire to have him Cut tail'd.
But in general, the whole Body muft be framed according to the molt
expert Horfeftien's Opinions, thus, to have the Head and Legs of a Stag, the
Ears and Tail of a Fox, the Neck of a Swan, the Breaft of a Lyon, the But-
tocks of a Woman, and the Feet of an Afs. The perfed good Horfe thus Vir-
gU in his Georgkks defcribes, the which to infert may not be amifs.
IVith Head advanced high, at firfi, the Kingh Colt doth face.
His tender Limbs aloft be hftSj as well becomes his Race;
And foremof ftill he goes, and through the Stream he makes his way^
And 'ventures firjt the Bridge, no (udden found doth him affray »
High crefted is his Necky and eke his Neck is framed fmaU,
fits Billy gmnt^ bis Back ts bmd, and Bnafied big mtbaL
,n^ ■■- f
rhe Comp/eat Jockey, 51
Th& Bay is always counted good^ fo Itkewife is the Grey^
The IVhi'e and yellow "worji of all . Bt fides if far away
There hap a Noife, he fiamfs and qmet cannot re[t^
But fraunces here and there, as if Jowe Spirit him pf^Jfej}.
His Ears be fit upright ^ and from his ^ofe a fiery FLann
Voth jeem to come, while as he fnuffs and fnorteth at the fame.
Thick is his Mane, and on his right- fide down doth hanging fall.
And double Chin'd, upon his Loins a Gutter runs withal.
He (craping fiandsy and making of deep holes, he paws the Ground,
Whilfi that aloud his horned Hoof all hollow feems to found.
Thus have you all the particular and general Defcriptions both of a good
and bad Hoife, and may therefore know what to choofe and what to for-
bear ; and Note, among all the Creatures irrational, there is not one
more Generous nor more ferviceable to Man than is the Horfe ; for as we
read of Bucephalus, the Horfe of Alexander the Great, that altho' he was
wounded in the Battle againft the Perfians, fo that bis Life was much de-
/paired of, yet would not he fufFer his Mafter to mount any other Horfe
till he had brought himfelf out of the Battle. The like has been reported
of others, whofe Loves have been fo great to their Mafters, that when
they have been enclofed with Enemies, the Horfes have fought in their
Defence couragioufly ; and Eumenius relateth, that a certain Traveller be-
ing fet upon by four Thieves, was killed, which hi« Horfe perceiving, fell
upon them with fuch fury, that in revenge of his Mafter's Death, he kill'd
two of them, and made the other two get up into a Tree to fave them-
felves, where he watched them till fuch time as feveral PalTengers came by
and underftood what had pafled, the Thieves being conftrained to confefs
what they had done. And indeed it behoves all who frequently Travel the
Roads, to have a good Horfe, that they may fave them in Necelfity, either
by Courage or fwifcnefs in Flight.
CHAP. XF. How to Cure the Autoco, a violent fainfo called.
THis happens moft commonly when Horfes are fi?ft put into frefii Pa-
fture, by their too eagernefs of feeding, which caufes ill Digefture,and
leaves vicious Humours in the Stomach, or if he be at Stable, or dry Meat,
the like may happen by bis rank feedings ; This Difeafe often takes the
Horfe very violently, rtiakes his Legs fail him and to hang down his Head,
(baking all over as if an Ague poflelfed him. The fpeedieft way to remedy
if, is to let him Blood, and two Mornings fuccelfively to give him about
an Ounce of Diapente brewed in a quart of ftrong Ale; it being a fove-
reign Medicine or Drink to expel the Vapours, Pains and Infedions that do
opprefs the Heart ; if he be not cured in twice giving, you may give him
thrice, the which will infallibly remove and take away the Diltemper.
Bbb 2 CHAP.
5 2 The Comfleat Jockey,
C H A P. XII. How to Cure a Bvrfe that has been hurnt by any Mare, 8cc.
\T\ 7^^^^^^^ b® ^^ ^^ ^^ "^» y^^ ^^y difcern by bis Yard, for if that be
Y V foiiI> coirupr,and fwellerh fo that he cannot ftale without much
pain, they are infallible Symptoms that he has been burnt. To cure which,
Take a pint of French Wine, boil it with a quarter of a pound of Roch Allom
beaten into fine Powder; after which, take it luke-ivarm, and with a Sy-
ringe or Squirt, (quirt it into his Yard, and fo do till his Yard leave Matter-
ing, and it will perfedly cure him.
G H A P. XIII. Rules to be obferved in the Sweating of Horfes.
FIrf}, Let the keeper take great care, when he airs his Horfe, that ic be
done by degrees, and not all on a fudden, and then let him obferve in
that 33 well as in all his other Actions, what Temper of Body he is of, thac
is, whether with little or much Motion he ufed to fweat ; for many Horfes
will Sweat tho' they ftand ftill in their Stalls, which commonly denotes the
Hoife faint, ill dieted, and as bad looked after, then mult you exi!rci!e him
to work out the Sweat, and bring down his foul feeding; but if he be not
apt to Sweat, unlefs upon itrong Heats and lajge Breathings, then obferve,
if his Sweat be White or Frothy, then take notice that your H-rfe is foul
within, and muft beexerciled yet more; but if it be like Water, yet thick
and black, you need not fear any Danger.
CHAP. XIV. How to prevent a Horfe from Stumbling, &:c.
TAke your Horfe fo ufed to Stumble, and with his Halter fallen him clofe
to a Po(^, then with a Lancet, or a fharp Pen-knife, flit the Skin from
his Nofe to the upper Up, that is downright juft between his Nolkils, a-
bout two Inche?, which when you have done, part it as wide as you can,
and under it you will find a Red Film, or fecond Skin, that likewife cut and
part, beneath which you may difcern a fiit,f'mooth, white Smew, the which
take up with your Cornets Horn point, and twift it round about, after a lit-
tle fpace twifi: it again quite round, fo another time, then bave regard to
his Legs, and you fhall fee him draw by degrees his hinder Legs almoll to
his fore Legs, the which as foon as he has done, with your Lancet divide
the Sinew Rt the part which grows to the Lip. the which as foon as you
have effeded, untwift it and it will flirink up into the Head, and then his
Legs will withdraw back again ; for Note, that this Sinew is the caufe of
his Stumbling ; and that it goes quite through his Body, and fpreads
itfelf into bis two hinder Legs ; after which, you muft clofe up the Slit, and
put into it frefh Butter and a little Salt beat fine ; then take a Cere-cloth
made of Burgundian Pitch, or Stock Pitch, and lay upon it, and afterwards
you may truft your Horfe for Stumbling. This is a rare Secret, known by
fcWf but worthy to be obferved in any the like Occafions.
CHAP.
The Comp/eat Jockey. 53
CHAP. XV. llo'iv to take the hefi advantage of Ground in any Race.
"TpIS to be obferved, that when you know the Ground you are to run,
X you muft acquaint your Horfe with it, and give him his Heats there
always, makmg him take the worft part of ir, that fo upon any ftrait he
may not boggle, but that if he in the Race get the>eft part he may run the
more chearfully, yet let it not be in fuch rough Ground where he may be
apt to flip, or get any Sprains in his Joints, for if he does, it will difable him
for the future, and make him Timorous; but at any time when you heat
- your Horfe thereon, let him run out the full Courfe, and never beyond the
weighing Port ; or if you do not ride him outright, ride him half way and
back again, but never let him exceed the Bounds he is to run, that is, not
beyond the Mark or Pof), but you may run him quite through, and then
back again, if he be of Ability to bear it ; fo that in a little time he will be
fo well acquainted with the Ground, that when becomes to the Race it will
be ealii-for him to perform. One thing more is to be obferved, that is, what
Ground the Horfe molt delights to run upon, that you muft choofe as near
as Opportunity will give you leave, but you muft not always heat him up-
on the fame Ground, fometimes in Ipacious Fields, green Meadows and Ri-
vers fides, as has been before mentioned.
CHAP. XVI. HoTV to know hy the Hair of your Horfe' i Neck^ in 7vhat eflate he is
Fir!i, Obferve the Horf's Hair in every part ; mit the main regard is to
be had to that of his Neck ; for if he be fleck, clofe, bright airj fliining,
it denotes that he is in good order ; but if the contrary, as rough, fliagged,
and ftanding upright, and as it were changing Colour, rake it for a Rule he
is not well, but that fome inward Grief has feized him, as chilnefs of Hearr,
want of warmth in the external Parts, or fome Ague hovering about iiim
but not yet perfed; ; to prevent which, and to reftore him, you muft rub him
in, and keep him very warm with double Cloth?, and give him in a quart
of warm. Ale, one of the before menrioned Cordial Balls, the which will ex-,
pel the cold Humours, and make him lively and chearful again, the which
you fhill know by the fudden falling of his Hair, the which before ftood
flaring.
CHAP. XVII. How to make the hrittled Ho^f iwagin able become foft, and bear
well any Shoe, without the leafi injury to the Horfe.
TAke about eight Pounds of frefli Hogs greafe, and about half a BuHiel
ct Damask Rofs well pick'd and clean from Seeds ; melt the Hog.-,-
greafe in a Kettle, and when it boils put in the Rofes, and dip them alfo-
ver till they fwell ; then take them off, and putting them into a clofe ear-
then Veflel with the Greafe and all, let them Itand and cool ; or if you have
an Oven, when you have drawn, lee it iknd in ic and cool by degrees ; after
whidi
iaMtaabdkaKdataanMMgaiMlia^aM
54^ The Ccmpleat Jockey*
which, w/ben your Horfe has newiy dunged, puc about three Pounds of the
fame into them, let it ftand for the fpace of three Weeks, then melt it again,
and ftrain out the liquid parr, and cover it up clofe in the earthen VqRq\ by
itfelf, throwing the other away.
The manner to ufe it is as tolloweth ; Take one Spoonful of Tar, and a
handful of Horfe-dung, heat them together in a pint of Olive Oil, then taking
off his Shoes, wrap up his Feet with ftift Leather fo that you may pour the
Liquor in, and it will not run out, which being in, let it continue there a-
bouc a Week, and then the old being wafted, fupply its place with frefli,
the which after thrice doing you may put on his Shoes again, then flop his
Feet well with the Tar, Horfe-dung and Oil, putting over it Tow, or Flax,
and in a ftiort time his Hoofs will be (bfc and tough, fo that you may ufe
them without fear, and ttiey will bear any fhoe exceeding well, and fofor a
long time, if not as long as the Horfe liveth.
CHAP. XVIII. An account of the things to be ohfervedfor the Prefervation of
a Horfe's Health, and to make him live long.
T" H E Firft of which is mature and good Digeftion of whatfoever he eat-
eth or drinketh, fo that it turn to pure Blood and Nounftiment.
2 The fecond to be confidered, isfpare and moderate feeding, in which
he muft neither eat too fal^, nor too much.
3. The third muft be taken from moderate Labour and feafonable Exer-
cife.
4. The Fourth is to obferve fit Times and Seafons for fleeping and wak-
ing, both which muft be moderately taken.
9. The Fifth, He muft not be two much acquainted with Mares, nor ride
them often, for nothing fooner (hcrtens Life in any Creature.
6. The Sixth, not to be overheat, nor his Spirits to be wafted by long and
tedious Journeys.
7. The Seventh is, continually to be in fmooth, ferene and wholfome Air,
and not to feed in foggy Fens, Marfhes, or damp Meadows.
8. The Eighth, Obferve that you neither Exercife, nor any ways make
him Labour hard when he is newly taken from Grafs.
9. The Ninth, To keep him from greedily eating young Grafs, either
Clover or other, but efpecially from furfeiting on the blades of Corn.
10. The Tenth, you muft obferve that he drink not when he has been
hard ridden or laboured, fo that he is very hot.
11. The Eleventh thing to be taken notice of is, that you muft neither
wa(h nor walk hirn when you are come to your Journey's end, ride hirna-
bout a moderate pace till he begins to cool, and then bring him into the Sta-
ble, rub him well down and clap on his Cloths, and whifp him round, being
well ftored with Litter.
12. The
The temple at Jockey. 55
iz Ibc Iwtjltli and laif, is to give uiin Meat in due time, oblerve his
Scourings, Diers, and other Phyfical Medicines as occifion fhill require
the which in this Book you will find good (tore, with large Diiedlions how*
to ule them.
CHAP. XIX St. Anthony's mo^ admirable Remedy for any Sprain^ Swellinz,
or firetchifjg of Smews or Nerves. A better not to be found.
OF bruifed Cummin- feeds take three Ources, and boil them in a Pint
of Oil ofCammf>miI,then add to them half a pound of yellow Bees-
Wax, and let them boil to the thick^efs of a Cere-Clofh, then fpread it on
Sheep<:- Leather very hot, and apply it to the place fo grieved, and in twice
doing it will peifed the Cure if it be not too far gone, if it be, you muft
apply it till it is well.
CHAP. XX. The jfeediefi and fafeft way to cure the Swift- Cat, or the Knee Cut-
TTAke one pint of White-Wine, then add to it two Ounces of Virgin-Hony,
•■' brew them together, and boil them till the Honey is melted a-
mongft the Wine, and then add more of lurpentine the like Qiianrity, then
let them boil to the thicknefs of a Salve, and as hot as the Horfe can endure
it, walh the Cuts with it once or twice a Day, and it will quickly heal
them ; but befure you wafh the dirt out of rhcm, if there be any in, wafli it
with hot Water before you apply the Ointment.
CHAP. XXI. A fpeedjf Remedy for a Horfe or a Cow that have any way licked
up red Poijonj Worms, Spiders, or any other 'venemous InfeB, or that is ready to
burft by eating of too much Clover, Turnips, or young- eared Barley, and drinking
after it. ■
THis is to be known by their fpeedy fwetling and fldvering at the Mouth,
-■■ and working ac the Fundament, the which when you perceive that they
are ready to burft (which is a common thing about Harveft-time) be fure
to have recefs to this Medicine, Take four Ounces of Spaniflj Soap, or if that
be not to be gotten, our Englijh Cake-foep, and fcrapc it in a Mortar, then
put to it two Ounces of Dia:phtra, then beat them as fmall as you can to-
gether, and make it into Balls as big as Pigeons Eggs, and take one ofthem
and diliblve it in hot Beer, and if it will not qiiickly diflolve, crumble it in
then with a Drenching-horn,or any fuch neccflary Implement, paur it down
the Throat of the Beaft fo fwelled, be it either a Horfe, Ox, or Cow, and it
will immediately abate the fwelling by Urine and Scouring, which it will
force in abundance.
CHAP. XXil. An approved Remedy for the Mad Staggers or Lunacy.
*T*HE Symptoms whereby you (hall know whether your Horfe be trou-
bled with this Difeafe,are his Dulnefsand Heavinefs, foaming at Mouth,
Dimnefsof Sight, often flaring, and tiaving a blue Skin over his Sight j reft-
lefs
5^ The Ccmpleat Jocliey,
lefs and often rteiing, and [he like ; the whicn, or any ot them being ob-
ferved, you muft iniiancly take care to have your Horfe let blood in the
Neck, in the great Blood-Veins on the left fide, or if you think convenient
on both fides^and in the third Bar of the Palate of his Month, and prick him
intheNofe, )uft upon the GriUles above the Noflrils, which Weeding will
infrantiy abate the grievous pain of his Head ; then take a handful of Rue,
or Herb of Grace, three or four Cloves of Garlick, an Ounce of fine Salt,
Jqua ^ita two fpoonfuls, of White- Wine Vinegar one ; after they are brui-
iQd together ftrain them, and pour the liquid Subftance equally divided in-
to his Ears, then with Black Wool ftop them clofe, fo that no Air can get
in, or tie them that he may not (hake out the Wool, then fume his Nollrils
through the little end of a Funnel, with the peelings of Garlick and Maftick,
well dried and bsaten.and rowled up in little BallSjOr fprinkled upona Cha-
findiOi of Char-coals, and ib do three times a Day at leaft, and it will expel
the infedious Vapours that difiurb the Brain,then give him a Dram of fingle^
Poppv-Seeds beaten into Powder, the which you muft blow up his Noftrils,
and rbaut two Ounces of Poppy- Water to drink, which will caft him into a
found Sleep ; after let his Diet bs maflied Oats and ground, and give him
cold Warer to drink, and after twenty four Hours you may unbind or un-
feor his Ears and take out the Wool, and in a ftiorc time he will chear up
and look lively again : Prchatam ejf.
CHAP. XX 111. Hoji^ to {tof the Glanders for a Day or two, vjhilft you have Sold
or Swapped av^ay your Horje, who is troubled with the jame,
FIrlV, OfVerjuice take four Ounces, three Spoonfuls of Olive-Oil, two of
Aqua vitcT, and put half into one Noftril, and the reft into the other,
with a Sirringe when it is lukewarm, then ride your Horfe full fpecd for half
a Mile, or more, only when you obferve him bsgin to Cough, ride gently,
and put him into a warm Stable, cover him with Cloths and give hima Mafli,
but if he ba ilLdifpofed upon the turning of the Glanders, give him new
Milk as warm as poifible, and they will infallibly ftop.
CHAP. XXIV. Bow to order your Stallion^ as to his Diet, when he is to
Cover your Mare.
AT any time when you defign him to cover your Mare, you muft about
a Week b^^fore, take him out of the Stable, and let him run in the
trefheft and tenderelt Grafs you have, the which will not only encreafe, but
make his Seed of the apteft and quickeft Temper for to generate a lively
Colt, and he will be the willinger to cover the Mare, by reafon of his Airy
Temperament of Body, when feeding on Hay, or other dry Meat, would
render him dull and (hort- winded, as likewife his being acquainted with the
Mare will be a great incitement to him.
CHAP.
l.he Compieat JockfV 57
CHAP. XXV. For the meltivg of Greafe after a Race or other Excejfive
Riding.
THE means to know the Certainty of his Greaie being tnolten, is to
obferve as foon as he is in the Stable, wheiher his Breaft beats or
pants more than ufual after any Journey or Race, as likewife his fides,
under his Girts, and his Mank heaving quick and falling foitly : all which
if you perceive, then is his Greafe melted, and will turn to crudy Hu-
mours, if not brought away in time; the fpeedieft way, for which, is to
take one Pint of SpaniJI) Wine, and an Ounce ot Diafcordiam brewed in
the fame, and give it to him prefently to drink, and fo continue four or
five Mornings after, before he has eaten either Hay or Provinder, then
you muft Diet him with Mafhes of Oats and Barley boiled, and a confi-
derable Quantity of ground Malt, and let him drink Water indifferent
warm-, but if herefufe his Meat, you muft give him half a Pint of White-
Wine, into which, you muft put two Ounces of Honej^, and let them boil
till the Honey is melted, and let him take it pretty warm, the which,
will caufe him to void much Urine, and by that means give him eafe.
Upon his taking of this you muft ride him a Mile, or m.ore, but it muft
not be above a hand Gallop, then returning home you muft rub him
down and ktep him as warm as poiTible; when in this manner you have
fpent three Days, give him another, the like Quantity of Honey and
White-Wine, then take efpecial notice of his Dung; if it be fmall and he
feem to Dung with pain, then he is bound in his Belly, and the Greafe is
not removed, to eiFeft which, you muft give him three Pints, or two
Quarts of Beer, the Italeft you can get, and a flice of Houfhold Bread,
both being boiled and mingled together, to which, you muft add four
Ounces of Honey and the like Quantity of frefh Butter, then in the Morn-
ing, before he hath eaten any thing, give it him lukewarm, then ride him
about a Mile, give -him the fame at Night, and ride him as before ^ but
you muft obferve to give it him but every other Day, the which will
loo fen his Belly, and by degrees walte the Greafe ^ about four Hours after
he has taken his Dofe, boil him three Quarts of Oats and give them to
him, and mingle that Water, the Oats were boiled in, with lome other to
cool it, let him drink of it; you may with his Oats boil Fenugreek Seeds
about three Quarters of a Pound, and let him eat them mingled ; but if he
lefufe to eat them, you may mingle them with a little fine Bran •, then
laft of all give him an Ounce of Aloes boiled, till they are diflblved in a
Quart ot Ale, or a Pint of White-Wine, and fo it will purge away the
ill Humours, and in three Weeks, or lefs, reftore him to his former
Health and Soundnefsof Body.
C c c CHAP.
^ 8 The Corn-pleat Jockey.
CH A t- . XXVI. ^(jw to make a Horfe Vowtt^ ayjd b) fo doings to avoid the
Fouhicfs of his Stomachy or any InjeBion he hath taken in.
T'^Ake Polypodlum Roots the greater, pare them and wafh them very
c'ean, and then tteep them in Oil of Spike, and fatten them to the
Bit of his Bridle, after wh'ch put it on and ride him abroad, with the
fame in his Mouth, for the fpace ot half an Hour, or lomewhat more, but
it mult be foftly, not above a Trot at the moll, and then if any ill Humour,
or Flegir.atick Subftance, lodge in his Stomach, this will draw it up by
cauling him to vomit extremely, as likewife to Cough and Sreeze, the
which will much cleanfe his Head from Rheums that lodge there, and
expel the Vapours that offend the Brain, fo that tho' it make him fick for
the prefent, yet when that is over, he will find himfclf more brisk and
lively than before, having voided all the Filth and Slime, that are the
Originals of all Difeafes, that happen at any time to any Hojfe; after
you have i;«ken off the Bridle and removed the Roots, give him a Pint
of the beft hrench Wine mingled with three Ounces of Honey, let it be
indifferent warm, and then keep him as much from cold as is pofTible,
two Hours after you may give him a warm Maih of Oats and Barley,
CHAP. XXVII. Ihe Difcovery of fevcral Trich and Cheats vfed by Jockeys
i.X?Irft then. To make a dull Jade both Kick, Wince, and fling, without
1^ either Whip or Spur, they ufe this Device^ in the fore part of a
Saddle, made for that purpofe, they have an Iron Plate, thro' which is
drilled three Holes, thro' which, with a Spring, come three'fbarp Wyers,
the which as long as the Rider firs upright, do not prick the Horfe ^ but
when he leans forward, and preifes the Bow of the Saddle, rney Torment
him lb, that he Capers and Dances, rho' never fo dull, which the ignorant
Buyer ofcen fippoles ro proceed "ir/m the highth of his Mettle, which
the Jockey (pires not ro avouch .with Oaths.
2. The Second is, If V'.y Gentleman have fet up a Horfe in a Stable
at Livery, the Jockey either by bribing the Hoitler, or privately by taking
an Opportunity in his Abfence, will, with a Hair, take up the Vein on
the infideof the Horfe's Leg, or by cramping him in the Fetlock with a
fmall Wyer (neither of wnich can be obferved without a curious Search)
either of which, will caufe the Horfe, after a quarter of an Hours Riding
to halt downright Lame, then is the Owner fent for, whofe coming the
Jockey having notice of, pretends fome Bufinefs in the Stable, and whilft
the Gentleman is admiring the fudden Mifchance befallen his Horfe, he
puts in his Verdi£l, faying, it was a great deal of pity that fo good a Beaft
(hould be difabled, and by degrees inlinuates into the Gentleman's Ac-
quaintancCj defiring him to fend for a Farrier, who comes and fearches his
Foor^.
The Compleat Jockey. ^q
Foot, but finds no Caufe of Lamenels there, whereupon the Gentleman
defpairing of his Recovery, is often pre fled by the Jockey to fell him at
half the Worth, or fw^p him for fome dull Jade, tbst he or fome of his
Comrades have near at hand, who having got the Gentleman's Horfe, by
uncramping or letting loofe the Vein render him as at hrfh
3. The Third Cheat they put upon Travellers is this : Coming into a
Country Inn, their firit walk is into the Stable, where taking a view of
the Horfes, they fingle out the belt for their purpofe, dcmt^nding of the
Hoftler, who that fine Horfe belongs to, who ignorant of any Defign,
freely tells them^ then they place their Horfes next him, and feem only
to feed, or rub them down, and order the Hoftler to fetch a peck of Oats,
the which whilft he is gone to do, they thruft a Stone about the big-
rels of a Tennis-Bail into his Fundament, one of which they have always
ready ; it not havings been in a quarter of an Hour before the Horfe begins
to fweat mightily, and fall a trembling and flaring, as if his Eyes were
ready to ftart out of his Head, fo that a white Foam, foon after, covers
many places about him, which the Hoftler obferving, runs to the Gentle-
man that owns him, and tells him his Uorfe is eying-, at which, ftarting
up, he runs to the Stable and finds him in a bad Plight, not knowing
what to think, or if he do, conjtfturts he is poifoned, and in a confufed
hurry, enquires for a Farrier, or Horfe-Doftor, when as Mr. Jockey fteps
in, and asketh what is the matter, as if he, poor harmlefs Fellow, knew
nothing of it^ but quickly underftanding the Bufinefs, begins both to
pitty the Horfe and Gentleman, the former for his milerabie Condition,
and the latter for the Danger he is in of lofing his Horfe, when thus heap-
plies himfelf : Sir, I am forry to fee your Horfe in fo bad a Plight^ then
puts; in to buy him at a Venture, live or die, the which if he cannot do
handlomely, he undertakes to cure him, telling the Gentleman, that tho'
it is not his ufual Cuftome to meddle with, yet he will undertake, for
Forty Shillings, to warrant his Life; The Gentleman confents, rather than
to loofe a Horls worth Twenty Pounds •, then for a fhew he gives him a
Drench, and takes Opportunity to vvithdraw the Store, and within half
an Hour's fpace the Horfe will be perfectly well, and fo they fob the
Ignorant.
CHAP. XXVni. How to Bp the Manes and Tails of mite Hcrfes.
TAke two Ounces of Madder, fold by Druggifts, beat it coaifly, and
put it into a Glafing Pot, which will endure the Fire, with three
half Pints of Claret- Wine, and a fmall Glafs full of Olive or Walnut Oilj
put the Horfes Tail, or Mane into the Pot, ftopping it all clofe about
with a coarfe Clotli, or Wifps of Hay or Straw, that ricre of it may
evaporate ; then hold beneath the Pot a ChafiRdifh full of Burning Coals,
blowing it with a pair of Bellows, and fteeping it fo, until the Liquor
C c c 2 hath
6o The Compkat Jockey,
hath boird about a quarter of an Hour, and that the Horfe may not
feel the hear of the Fire, hold a Board betwixt the Chafer and Horfe:
Obferve that none of his Dock be put in, but Hair only. When it has
boiled a q;j.^ner of an Hour, take the Tail or Mane out of the Pot, and
wifli it prefintly in clean Water, and it will be a beautiful Scarlet -, if
not, pat it in a fecond time among frefh Liquor, and then take it out and
wafh it, and the Colour will contain as long as the Hair, a Yellow and
Gold Colour.
A New and Eafie Way to prevent all Diftempers in Horfe s and Sheep :
And alfo, how to feed Cattle Fat without Hay, Corny or Grafs,
Of the HORSE.
A Horfe is an excellent and ufeful Creature, but thro' ill Management
often abuled y to prevent which, the Drivers ought to obferve, Fir(t,
' That in the Morning, they drive them moderately. Secondly, When
they have done Labour rub them well down, then tie them to the Rack
for an Hour or two, during which time give them no Meat, but between
whiles keep them rubbing, till their tired Spirits be refrefhed, then give
them a moderate Quantity of Meal and Drink. Thirdly, Let the Stables
be open to the Air, and keep them clean-. Let not your Horles in the Sta-
ble^ efpecialJy your Saddle-Horfes, have conftantly Hay in the Rack, nor-
Provinder in your Manger, but tie them from their Racks, five, fix or
ieven Hours together •, let not your Cattle have too much Meat at a time,
but fuch a quantity as they may eat up clein : When your Horfe has
been hard Rid, or W^orked much^ you may conveniently give him a little
"Water about two Hours before you give him Meat. Kubbing down
Horfes, is better than Walking them when hot, Thofe that give their
other Cattle Grains, as the People about London do, let them put a little
Salt into them, which prevents the Rot, and Watry Windy Dileafes.
Let your Mares with Foal, and their Coalis, run in the Fields for a Year.
Obferve but thefe Rules, and your Horfes will feldom want Drenching or
Bleeding : But if you find they prove too faft, the beft way to cool their
Blood, and keep them from Difeafes, is, To give them moderate Labour,
and alter the Quality of their Food.
The beft Food for Horfes is good Rick Hay, that is about three-
Quarters of a Year old, which is much better than Hay out of the Barn.
And Corn in the Straw is much better than that that is only threfht, or
that that is both threflit and cleanf^d from its Chaff. And Beans, Fitches,
Peafe, Barley, and Oats in the Straw, is not only the moft hearty Food,
but cleanfeth the Stomach from all Superfluities : But threfhed Corn of
any fortj is good Food for working Horfes, that go to Grafs, efpecially
in
The Comfteat Jockey, 6i
in Winter, giving it them Morning and Nighr. Put your Stable Horfes
to Grafs, from May to July, which will cleanfe their Bodies, and cure
their Feet and Legs of Dil'eafes contrafted by Itanding in the Stable all
Winter: Rain, River and Spring Water, are belt for Horfes and other
Cattle, much better than Pond- Water,
As for Sheep, any diforder wounds their Health, if they are driven too
hard, or courfed with a Dog, or the like, if they be fuffered to lye down
whillt hot, and this being done often, they will break out with the Scab,
or Mange : When about Michaebias you put them into frefh Paftures, if
they are clofe Folded it will do the fame: If in hot Weather they be
often removed from place to place, it will hinder them from Thriving,,
and make them Scabby, much Wet likewifc makes them Rot. In the
Morning betimes, drive your Sheep into Fallow Fields or Downes, where
Grafs is fcarce, and take no notice of the Situation of the Field 5 then^
walk your Sheep gently on the drieft and higheft Parts ^ if there be Corn
Fields, let them feed about two or three Hours by the Hedges. -About
Eleven a Clock, turn them from the Edges of the Corn-Fields or Pafturage,
into the loweft Clay -ground or Valleys you have, and let them lye at eafe,
and as Mattering as you can: Ufe them at all times tenderly, and leis
Food will ferve 5 obferve this Method from May till Juguft, if the Wea-
ther continue warm, and it will prevent Scab and Mange, when they come
into frefh Pafture. In May or June^ I think is the beft time for Shearing.
If the Summer proves wet about Jujte or jfidy^ let your Sheep continue
in the Fold till Eight in the Morning, if the Morning be moilt j and
again, let them be folded before the Dew falls ; Obferve thefe Rules, and
you will prevent many Difeafes, as Choler, Flegm, Stoppages, Red- Water,
Coughs, Pains in the Joints, Lamenefs, and the like: You ought to be
moft careful of Sheep from Midfwnmer till Michaelmas. Therefore keep
your Sheep till Nine a Clock, or till the Sun have dried the moiit Vapours
and Humidity from the Earth, and then let them out, and keep them on
the high and dry grounds; if the Day prove dry, feed them three Hours
in lower Grounds, and about Evening put them in higher places,
and be fure Fold them before the Dew talis, and Fold them on dry
Ground ^ from July to September ^ Sheep are molt fubjed to Rot, and is
occafioned chiefly by too much Moifture at the Seafon, and not from
licking up Snails, ^c. which I omit for Brevity.
If wet Weather happen about July^ ^ugnji, or September^ or when it is
generally a wet Summer, and continues till Michaelmas^ a Rot is greatly
to be feared. In wet Weather, give your Sheep Hay at Night and Morn-
ing, or give them three times a Week Oats, or other Grain, mixing a
little Salt with it, and this will prevent the Rot: Low wide Houles like
Barns open on all fides to Houfe Sheep in wet Weather, preferves them
from Rot ; this is a general Rule in Flanders, Thofe iha.t live where the-
Ro£
"■J-'M'-f i^TT"^.! W 8''*^
62
The Compkat Jock&y.
Kol is olteii, ought to change their bht-ep tor Hili-Country-biieep, which
will thrive, and prove lefs fubject to this Difeafe.
To Feed HORSES weU^ without Hay.
CHop half a Peck of Straw fmall,and mingle a handful of Oats amonglt
it, and put it in the Manger feveral times a Day, and let rhem drink
often. Or, you may put in the Pafte of Turnips in ftead of Oats, which
will do full as well. Make the Pafte with the Coarfeft Corn ground.
Cut, fhred, and chop all your Furs-tops, and give them your Horfes, and '
they will exceedingly thrive therewith : Thisl had from a great Lord.
A great Traveller ufed to give his Horfe a half-penny worth of Carrots,
which will anfwer half a Peck of Oats.
In Ke7it and HartfordJInre^ they cut Peafe and Oats fmall, and give
their Horfes with Chaff or Cut-Straw, and they thereby eat up all, and
they thrive exceedingly. Parfnips are excellent likewife for all forts of
Cattle, and will feed them fat in a fmall time 5 they will feed Calves and
Lambs very fat, and being boil'd, will feed Swine to the height of Fatnels
in a Fortnight's fpace, and the Liquor will feed them better than the beft
Whey. Cows are very greedy for the Liquor, and the Turnips boil'd 5 and
1 have feen them fed thus without any other Food, and they will afford Milk
inabundance,niore than with any other Food, and became fat therewith ^
Turnips boird, will feed all forts of Poultry far, and make them lay
Eggs conUantly, without any Corn at all, whereby may be kept, Fhea-
fants. Turkeys, Geefe, Patridge, Coots, Moor Cocks, in abundance with-
out any charge. I have known Horfes kept fat by flicing them, and
cafting them into the Manger, and of all Food whatever, nothing is more
wholefome and healthful for Cattle, ^c You may keep all forts of
Poultry (and Rabbits) by a Palte made of Beatts Liver, the coarielt lait
Corn ground, and Bran, with a competent even mixture ; but I have left
out the Liver, and made a Pafte, with the reft compounded with Turnips:
But in Conclufion, Turnips of themfelves are the only Food for Cattle,
• Poultry and Swine ^ Trobatim eft. Turnips boil'd, and mingled with
Bran, will feed Hunting Dogs very highly, without ether Relief.
To i?nprove St, Foin, Clover, Trefoil, &^c. in Gromdmt worth Two Shillings
an Acre, to Two Poinids^ &c.
ST. Foin is a mighty Improver of dry and barren Ground, and excellent
for feeding Cattle : For the right ordering it obferve thefe Rules.
ift, Make your Ground fine, and kill all other Grafs, Plants, e^'c. for
~ they'll choak it.
2dly, Spare not for Seed ; the more you fow the better and thicker it
will grow. In France they fow thefe Seeds and Oats a-like quantity, on
Ground that's out of Heart, and mow their Oats only the firft Year,
that
"cr^
1 he Ccmp/eat fccJ^ey, ^^
that It may root well^/e: they may mow it in the hrli Yejr, but it's not
fo well , it holds gooci .or {even Years, and it commonly bears four Loads,
or more, on an Acre^ after feven If ears fow it vci-h Corn, till it be out of
Hearf, and then fow i wth St. Foin -^s before, for it does not impover'fh
Land as other Animil Plants do, but enriches it, wberi the Roots are
turned up by the Flew : I have feen it thrive well in Erj^lavd tn Chalky-
Banks, where noihirg elfe wouM grow, and fuch dry barren Grourd is
fitteft for it, (as moit rich Land is fit for Clover Grafs, and Great Trefoil)
tho' St. Foin will grow well on ail Lands, efpecially if dry Grounds, for
wet Land foon coriupts its Root : So Clover thrives almolt in all forts of
Ground, unlefs veiy (fony or very .wet Land; bur 'tis moft proper for a
mixt Land, fuch ai partakes of Sand, and fomething a fatter Glebe : The
fame manure, or cYefling that ferves for Barley ftrves likewile for Clover,
which will hold good Three Ye.?rs, and make Ground of Two Shillings
an Acre worth Two Pounds ^ this fort of Grafs may be mowed twice a
Year •, the firft Crop for Hav, and I'econd Cut for Seed, about the middle
of Septe?n,her^ wfen theBlolToms are fully withered, for it mult lye wither-
ing on the Groind for feme time, and be Hous'd very, dry, which is fome-
thing difficult, by reafon of the long Dews and declining Sun at his fea-
fon of the Year. This Clover is txceilent to feed Cattle, fatten Pigs and
Sheep ^ and obferve when you lurn in Carrie, let it be when they are
full, leaff they eat till they burft j it's ib exceeding lufcious when Clover
is worn out, which is in Three Years, the Ground will quickly come
to a GralTy Turf ^ fo that I rake it ro be abfolutely nectfTjry for
all that lays down his ground for Pafturage, to leave it with Clover.
This fort of [mprovement is much ptLjftifed in Hereford Jim e^ JforJ}er[
and Goccfter-fiire-, and after f^me interval of time, it may be' renewed
again upon ihe fime Ground, and fo on, the Soil being liiit duly drefs'd
and prepar'd lor Corn. Rut to return to St. Foin, as I told. you, you muft
firff fit the Ground and kill the Grafs, Plants, t^c. idly, Not to be fparing
of Seed. jJ/y, You muff expe8: but feven Years Crop, and then Plow it
up and fow it again with the fame Seed, or other Grain. 4?/;/;, Let not
your Sheep or Cattle bite them the firft Year, "ytbly^ Your belt way is to
make your Ground fine as when you fow Barley, and harrow it even, and
then fow thefe Seeds in alone, without any other Grain, as Gardiners do
Peafe, but nor ar fo great a diltance, but let your range be about a Foot
diftanr, and the'il grow like Rows of Green Peafe, efpecially if you draw
the Plow thro' them, once or twice that Summer, to deftroy Weeds and
Grafs i and it you do thus, Clover and other Seeds may be mowed twice
the firft Year. La Lucem, not inferior to Sc Foi% but rather better for
dry barren Lands, may be managed as St Fain. La Lucem they fow 14
Pound on an Acre, about the middle of April. Clover Ten Pound is-
allowed to an Acre, fometimes Twelve Pound. Its time of fowing is,
lifualiy.
^^ The Covifleat Jock^y\
ufually in March and Wfr//, in a calm Day, fome fow it wih Wheat or Rye, zt Mkhi-
ehnoi] the Middle or End of May they cut it, but the exail tiirc is when it begins to
knot. I
St. Foin they allow Four Bufhells to an Acre, you cannotifow it too thick; for the
thicker it is the foorer it kills the Wesds ; from Jjugaji to\the End of Seftetnkr, if
fowcd alone, bjt if mixt with other Grain, from the beginnhg of Feb. to the end of
March -^ and it's better fow'd alone than with other Grain. \
St. Foin where it iikes the Ground, is much more profitablt than Clover . becaufc of
its longer 'continuance ; it requires a different Soil from Clover, for it thrives beft in
Hillv, Stony, Cold, and Barren Ground, but dry ; fuch as in he hi^hei: Part of Oxon-
finre,* Glocejierjhire, and the like*, this Grafs may be mowed f\om Year to Year, for
divers Years together : and when it dies, after a Year^ Intermfllon, may be renewed
again, by (owing on the fame Ground : It's good for Horfes and bther Cattle.
Two Acres of Clover the fecond Year, yielded in May, fow'd \)n a Rich light warm
Land, Two Load of Hay, worth Five Pound*. The next Cro^ of Seed, in Augufl,
yielded Three Loads, worth Nine Pound, and the Seed was wort\ 300/. which, with
the Hay, was valued at Thirty Pound, bcfides the after Pafture,
The TABLE of the Compleat JOCl^EY,
H E hefi Method and Speediefi w^ for Ordering of l^ce-HorfeS, to fit them for any
Mctcb, in what Eft ate foever they be. Page i. The vay and manner of dieting a Horfe
for a kace, being fat or grcfs, immediately after his being, ta{v frornTafture as to the
fir ft two Weeh, p. 3- Orders tncft carejuUy to be obfervcd in the Courfnj of your Horfes, p. 7.
The manner of his fecond Fortnight's Feedir'g, and the care to be cbfiv:d t\:rein, p. 8. The
fir ft Diet in the ordering your Race Horfes, and the way to ma^e it, p 9. How to maks ths
Dcfe or Scouring, p I? The W.iy and Method cf looking to and keeping )our Horfe after he
has taken this Potion, ibid. Tihe manner of making thefe Balls, and their Virtue., with an ac-
count of what Difajes they are mcft fowerful to cure, p. 15. The mariner of making his lafi
'Diet ibid. 7he third Fortnight's Dieting and Ordering your Horfe, p. 16, To cure the Au-
toco,% violent Pain fo called^ p. 28. To cure a Horfe that hcti been burnt by a Mare, ibid.
Rules to be obfervd in Sweating your Horfes, ibid. To prevent a Horfe from Stumhling, p. 29.
To tah the beft Advantage of the Ground in any Race, ibid. To tnow by the Hair of yrur
Horfe' s N ckt ?« w^'«^ f/^'^'^ ^^ "' ^^^^' '^'^ "'"^ *^^ brittl'ft Hoof imagmble b'come fcfty
and bear well any Shoe wi'hout the leaft Injury to the Horfe, p. 30. ^^ Accomt of things to be
obfervedfor a Horfe' s Health, ibid. St. Anthony'i Admirable Remedy for a Sprain, Swelling,
or ftretching of Sinews or Rerves, &c. p. 31. The f pee die ft and fafeft waf to cure the Swift-
'Cut or K^eeCat, ibid. A Jpeedy Remedy for A Horfe er Cow that have any way licked up red
Foifon, Worms, Spiders, &c. ibid. A Remedy for the Mad Staggers or Lunacy p. 32. Toftop
the Glindcrs while you have Sold your Horfe, ibid. To Diet your StaRion when be is to cover
the Mare, p. 3^ The meltivg of Greaje after Exceffive I{iding, ibid. To make a Horfe Vomit,
&c. p. 34. The Tricks and Cheats ufei by jockeys, ibid. To Die the Manes avd Tails of
Horfes, p. 3^ To frevent all Difeafes in^Horfei and $heef ', and hw to feed Cattle Fat
without either Hay, Qorn tr Grafs, p. 60.
F I N I S»
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lo,>.r^ *^^'
o4 ^ "^ Cot7ip/eat jockey\
ufutilly in March and Ap'iU »" a ca'+'n D^y 5 fcoie fow it wiii W
f/wdi ; the Middle or End of iW^y they cut it, but the exait tin>
knot. \
St. Foin they allow Four Bufhells to an Acre, you cannon fow
thicker it is the foorer it kills the Weeds ; from Jiugujl to\the
fowed alone, but if mixt with other Grain, from the beginnhg c
March '^ and it'-s better fow'd alone than with other Grain. \
St. Foin, where it iikes the Ground, is much more proficabU th
its longer Continuance ; it requires a different Soil from Clowr,
Hillv, Stony, Cold, and Barren Ground, but dry ; fuch as in In
/!)ire, Glocejier/hire, and the like *, this Grafs may be mowed t\p
diyers Years together ; and when it dies, after a Years Interrr
again, by (owing on the fame Ground : It's good for Horfes 3'
Two Acres of Clover the fecond Year, yielded in Md"
Land, Two Load of Hay, worth Five Pound : The
yielded Three Loads, worth Nine Pound, and the Seed
the Hay, was valued at Thirty Pound, bcfides the afte-
The TABLE of the Comp'
TH E hefi Method And Speediefi it:^/ for Order'
Mntch, in what Eftate foevc they be, Page t
for a I^ace, being fat or grcfs, immediately c
firjl two Wcehf p. 3. Orders mofl caret uUy to be
The manner cf his fecond Fortm^hi's Feedi'^g,
firft Diet in the ordering your Race Horfes, ■■'
Dcfe or Scouring, p ij jf^ff I^rj' and M
has taken this Potion, ibid. The nianr
count of Tfhat Difeajes they are niofi
'Dietf ibid. 7he third Fortnight's
toco, a violent Pain fo called-, '
Rules to be obferv'd in Sxteatin
To take the bejl Advantage
Morfe's Nckt in xfhat eft
and bear mil any Shoe tv
obferved for a Herfe's
or (ir etching of Sinef
'Cut, or K^eeCut,
Poifon, Worms, S"
the Glinders r
the Mare, p
&c. p
F
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