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JAN

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MEMOKIALS OF CAMBRIDGE

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GREATLY ENLARGED FROM THE WORK OF J. LE KEUX
BY

CHARLES HENRY COOPER, F.S.A,

WITH STEEL AND COPPER PLATES

BY LE KEUX AND STOKER
AND ETCHINGS ON COPPER BY ROBER'T FARREN.

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MACMILLAN & CO.
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SUCK ANNEX

U F

HIS ORAOE

WILLIAM, DUKE OF DEVONSHIEE, K.G.,
CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY,

AND

HIGH STEWARD OF THE BOROUGH OF CAMBRIDGE,

is (BY PERMISSION)
MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED.

I BEG to record my obligations for assistance
rendered by Henry Bradshaw, esq. M.A., of the
University Library, and the parochial clergy gene-
rally.

The rev. the Master of Downing college kindly
lent the publisher Flaxman's design for the college
seal.

I much regret that unavoidable circumstances
have so long delayed the completion of the work.

a H. c.

Cambridge, January, 1866.

CONTENTS OF VOL, III.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE,

(FOUNDED 1595-6).

THE HOUSE OF S. FRANCIS

THE FOUNDRESS

THE FOUNDATION

BENEFACTORS

EMINENT MEN . ;.

THE BUILDINGS

THE CHAPEL . '

THE HALL

THE COMBINATION ROOM

THE COLLEGE LIBRARY ."

THE TAYLOR LIBRARY

THE MASTER'S LODGE .

THE GARDENS

FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS

PATRONAGE

6
16
19
23
31
32
33
34
ib.
36
ib.
37
ib.
38

CONTENTS.

DOWNING COLLEGE,

(FOUNDED 1800).

PAGE

THE FOUNDER . . . . . .39

THE FOUNDATION ..... 43

BENEFACTORS . . . . . .50

EMINENT MEN ..... t'6.

THE BUILDINGS . . . . . . ib.

THE CHAPEL ...... 51

THE HALL . . . . . . ib,

THE COMBINATION ROOM .... ib.

THE LIBRARY . . . . . ib.

THE MASTER'S LODGE ..... t'6.

THE WALKS AND GROUNDS . . . .52

MASTERSHIP, PROFESSORSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS ib.

PATRONAGE . . . ib.

CONTENTS.

THE SENATE HOUSE

THE SCHOOLS

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

THE PITT PRESS

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM ,

THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

THE MlNERALOGICAL MUSEUM

THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM

THE OBSERVATORY

THE BOTANIC GARDEN

THE CASTLE . .

THE GUILDHALL

THE TOWN GAOL .

THE SPINNING HOUSE . .-.

THE UNION WORKHOUSE

ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL

THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL :

THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS

BRITISH SCHOOLS

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL

ALMSHOUSES .

MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES

PAGE

104

108

110

112

116

120

129

141

144

147

148

154

161

165

to.

166

181

xii CONTENTS.

1 on

SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS

198
ALL SAINTS .

207

S. ANDREW THE GREAT

01Q

S. ANDREW THE LESS .

244
S. BENEDICT .

S. BOTOLPH ....

2fi4

S. CLEMENT

S. EDWARD .

S. GILES . • 286

S. MARY THE GREAT .

S. MARY THE LESS

S. MICHAEL .

S. PETER • :

HOLY SEPULCHRE

HOLY TRINITY . . • • • .370

ETCHINGS BY R. FARREN.

PAOE

1 KING'S PARADE ..... frontispiece

2 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE, First Court ... 1

3 DOWNING COLLEGE, The Master's Lodge . . .39

4 THE SENATE-HOUSE ..... 53

5 GUILDHALL, Interior of New Assembly Room . . 129

6 GARRET HOSTEL BRIDGE, view from Clare College . . 180

7 GREAT S. MARY'S CHURCH, from the Market Hill . . 295

STEEL AND COPPER ENGRAVINGS BY LE KEUX AND STORER.

8 Entrance Gate Old Botanic Garden . , vignette title

9 Plan of the University and Town of Cambridge . . xii

10 Sidney Sussex College .... 8

11 Upright view . . . . .16

12 From the Master's Garden ...» 31

13 The Hall ...... 33

14 Old Front, in Cromwell's Time ... 35

15 Downing College, as it will appear when completed . . 48

16 Hall ...... 51

17 The Senate-House . . . . » 66

18 University Library as it will appear when completed . 76

19 The Pitt Press . . . . . .92

20 The Fitzwilliam Museum .... 100

21 The Observatory . . . . , .112

22 The Castle ...... 120

23 View of Cambridge from Castle Hill . . .124

24 View of Cambridge from the Ely Road . . . 128

25 The Market Place, shewing the Town Hall and Hobson's Conduit 136

26 Addenbrooke's Hospital ... 148

27 All Saints' Church, view shewing old Church . . 198

28 Great S. Andrew's Church (the Old Church) . . 207

29 Barnwell Church, interior of East End . . 231

30 S. Benedict's Church, interior .... 245

31 S. Botolph's Church ...... 256

32 Interior of ..... 258

33 S. Clement's Church ..... 264

34 Great S. Mary's Church, exterior . . . 304

35 Shewing the Organ ..... 313

36 Shewing the Throne .... 315

37 Little S. Mary's Church . _ .- _ . t .321

38 S. Michael's Church, exterior .... 344

39 Interior of S. Peter's Church .... 357

40 Interior of S. Sepulchre's Church . . . 360

41 Extended view ..... 368

42 Trinity Church ..... 370

43 Interior (in the Rev. C. Simeon's time) . . . 374

44 Exterior (in the Rev. C. Simeon's time) «, . 382

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

45 Flaxman's Design for Downing College Seal . 45

46 Front Elevation of the New Lecture Booms and Museums, m the

Old Botanic Garden

47 Elevation of Addenbrooke's Hospital, (1866) .

48 Great S. Andrew's Church (the New Church)

49 Old Houses, Petty Cury . . . • * OQA

50 S. Paul's Church, exterior .

61 Font and Cover, S. Edward's Church . • * «I?

52 Old Houses, Trinity Street ....

WOOD ENGRAVINGS.

1 Sidney Sussex College (from Loggan)

2 The Northern Court ....

3 Garden ......

4 Downing College, Master's Lodge

6 The Senate House ...

6 Interior of the Southern School

7 Old Entrance-Gateway to the Schools

8 The Pitt Press .....

9 The Fitz william Museum .....

10 The Anatomical Museum ....

11 The Observatory .....

12 Gatehouse, 1773 .....

13 Shirehouse ...«••

14 Gatehouse, 1840 .....

15 The Town Gaol ......

16 Addenbrooke's Hospital ....

17 Perse Grammar School . . . . .154

18 Remains of Barnwell Priory .... 219

19 The Abbey Church . . . . .229

20 Christ's Church ..... 233

21 S. Benedict's Church . . . . .244

22 S. Edward's Church ..... 273

23 S. Giles' Church . . . . .286

24 Pythagoras' School . . . . . 293

25 Great S. Mary's Church, Font .... 295

26 The Tower ..... 305

27 The Ark or Chest . . . . .308

28 Church of S. Mary the Less . . . . 318

29 Font in S. Peter's Church . . . .355

30 Holy Sepulchre, exterior, 1841 . . . . 360

31 Exterior, 1844 . . . . .364

32 Interior, 1841 ..... 367

33 The Pulpit, Trinity Church . . . .374

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE (FROM LOOGAN.)

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

THIS college stands on part of the site(a) of the house
of the friars of the order of S. Francis, of which
we therefore give an account.

THE HOUSE OF S. FRANCIS. — The friars of the
order of S. Francis, called also grey friars, minorites
or friars minors, established themselves in Cambridge
in or soon after 1224. The townsmen on their
arrival gave them for their habitation a place called
the old synagogue (J) adjoining the Tolbooth,{c) but
a few years afterwards they removed to this spot.

(a) The residue of the site (which is the property of the college), consists
of part of the eastern side of Sidney street, nearly the whole of the northern
side of Sussex street, part of the northern side of King street, and part of
the western side of Malcolm street.

(6) The old synagogue is supposed to have been part of the house of
Benjamin the jew, of which the burgesses obtained a grant from the crown
in or before 1224.

VOL. III. B

2 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Whilst in their original domicile they found the
vicinage of the prison intolerable, because they and
the prisoners had the same entrance. The king
gave the friars ten marks to buy a rent which
should satisfy his exchequer for the rent of their
area, and there the friars built a chapel so miserably
poor that one carpenter made it in one day with
fourteen couple of planks. On the feast of S. Laurence,
when there were but three friars, namely, William
de Esseby and Hugh de Bugeton, clerks, and one
novice, by name Helias, who was so lame that
he had to be carried into the oratory, they sung
the office solemnly by note, and the novice wept
so much that the tears openly ran down his face
whilst he sang. He afterwards died in a most
holy manner at York, and after death appeared to
friar William de Esseby at Northampton, and to
his question how he did, replied, "I am very well,
pray for me."(a)

We find Henry III. giving ten marks to the
friars minors of Cambridge in 1240, and it is not
improbable that it was at that period they removed
from the old synagogue.

By the inquisition taken 7 Edw. I. [1278 or 1279],
the jurors found that the friars minors dwelling in
the town of Cambridge had a certain place where
they dwelt and where their church was founded,
which place contained in itself six acres of land
and more, in which place were accustomed to be
divers mansions in which many inhabited who were

(a) Tho. de Eccleston, de adventu minorum. (Monumenta Franciscana,
ed. Brewer 17, 18.)

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

wont to be geldable and aiding to the town ; that
the friars had and held the said place in perpetual
alms of purchase and of the gift of many, but of
whom they had the place aforesaid, and whether
they had confirmation of the king's ancestors or not,
the jurors knew not.

Edward I. granted twenty-five marks per annum
to the friars of this house. This grant was renewed
by his successors.

Edward III. by letters patent dated 21st of April,
in the second year of his reign [1328], granted to
the warden and friars, that for the enlargement of
their area they might enclose a lane contiguous
thereto, containing in length twenty-six perches,
and in breadth one perch and sixteen feet at either
head, and fifteen and a-half feet in the midst. It
appears by the inquisition on which this grant is
grounded, that the warden and friars paid sixpence
yearly to the commonalty of the town for inclosing
the lane.

In or about 1332, Edward III. gave licence to
John Pittok to grant a toft with the appurtenances
in Cambridge, to the warden and friars for the
enlargement of their mansion.

In 1353, the warden and friars gave the king
six shillings and eight pence for a licence to acquire
two messuages with the appurtenances for the enlarge-
ment of their mansion.

The friars had a conduit supplied with water
from a spring in the parish of S. Giles. (a) This

(a) There \vere frequent disputes between the friars and the master and
fellows of King's hall touching this conduit.

4 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

conduit which was probably a conspicuous object,
is supposed to have been used by the town at large.
The street now called Sidney street was commonly
known as Conduit street until some years after
this college was built.

The house was an academical as well as a reli-
gious foundation, the members usually taking degrees
in divinity. It was however, with the other houses
of friars here, suppressed in 1538. The surrender
to the crown, which is without date, is signed by
William White the warden and twenty-three friars.

We believe that no complete list of the wardens
exists. We have only met with the names of
four, viz., Thomas de Hispania, who was the first
warden; Richard de Ingworthe, who was probably
his immediate successor; Robert de Tornam, who
had been previously warden of the house of the
order at Lynn, and who had licence to go to the
crusades; and William White, the last warden.

The custody of Cambridge consisted of nine
convents, viz., Cambridge, Norwich, Colchester,
Bury S. Edmunds, Dunwich, Walsingham, Great
Yarmouth, Ipswich, and Lynn.

Bequests to the friars are of frequent occurrence.
We may mention the following : Elizabeth de Burgh
lady Clare (1360), 40s., and for the works going
on when she made her will (1355), 100s. more;
Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford and Essex,
E.G., (1361), in aid of the students, and that the
convent might pray for him, £10. ; sir John Howard
(1389), 5 marks; Eudo de Harleston, (1400), 20s.;
John Tynmouth, bishop of Argos, (1524), £5.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 5

Amongst the eminent members of the house were
Vincent de Coventry, flourished 1250. Eustace de
Normanville, LL.D. chancellor of Oxford 1276. Oliver
Stanwey, LL.D. chancellor of this university. (0) William
de Folvil, died 1384. Richard Conyngton, D.D. six-
teenth provincial. Roger de Denerned, eighteenth
provincial. William Tythemersch, D.D. twenty-first
provincial. John la Zouch, twenty-ninth provincial,
bishop of Llandaff, died 1423. John David, thirty-
fourth provincial. Robert Burton, D.D., 1507, warden
of the house of Franciscans at Oxford. Stephen
Baron, confessor to Henry VIII., flourished 1520.
John Tynmouth, suffragan bishop of Argos, died
1524. Richard Brynckley, D.D. forty-first provincial,
flourished 1524. William Catton, D.D. a theological
writer, flourished 1530. William Roy, a famous
satirist, martyred 1531. Henry Standish, bishop
of S. Asaph, died 1535. John Riches, a writer
in favour of the reformation, died 1536. William
Call, D.D., warden of the house of Franciscans at
Norwich and provincial, died 1539. John Under-
wood, suffragan bishop of Chalcedon, died 1541.
John Cardmaker alias Taylor, martyred 1555.
Bartholomew Traheron, dean of Chichester, died
about 1558. John Crayford, D.D., warden of the
house of Franciscans at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and
afterwards canon of Durham, died 1561.

In 1540, the university made an unsuccessful
application to the crown for a grant of this house,

(a) His name is not in any list of chancellors, but those lists are
obviously incomplete as respects the earlier occupants of the office.

6 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

the church whereof had been commonly used for
solemn commencements and other academical as-
semblies.^*

A survey of the house was made by Robert
Chester the king's surveyor, 20 May, 1546. The
church and cloisters having been defaced and
taken towards the buildings at Trinity college were
valued at nothing, and the soil with the orchard,
brewhouse, malthouse, millhouse, and garden within
the walls thereof, are stated to be yearly worth to
be let £4. 6s. Sd.

On the 24th of December in the same year, the
king granted to the master, fellows, and scholars of
Trinity college, the site, inclosure, circuit, ambit,
and precinct of the lately dissolved house of friars
minors, commonly called Greyfriars within the
university and town of Cambridge, and all messu-
ages, houses, buildings, stables, dovehouses, pools,
waters, orchards, gardens, land, and soil thereto
pertaining, and all the walls, ditches, and enclo-
sures, the whole being of the clear annual value of
£4. 6s. Sd.

In 1578 the corporation endeavoured to obtain
from Trinity college the site of the Greyfriars, in
order to erect thereon a hospital for the poor of
the town.

THE FOUNDRESS. — Frances Sidney was born in
1531, being the fourth daughter of sir William
Sidney, knight, chamberlain and steward of the

(a) See a letter from the university to Thomas Thirleby, bishop of
Westminster, 19th of January, [1540-1], Aschami Epistohe, 332, also the
petition of the university and form of grant, MS. Parker, 106, p. 301.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 7

household to king Edward VI., by his wife Anne,
daughter of sir Hugh Pagenharn, knight, and relict
of Thomas Fitzwilliam, son and heir of sir Thomas
Fitzwilliam, and elder brother of William Fitzwilliam,
earl of Southampton. There can be no doubt that
her education was of a superior character. In 1555(0)
she became the second wife of Thomas Radcliffe,
viscount Fitz waiter, who in the same year was con-
stituted lord-deputy of Ireland. On 17 February,
1556-7, he succeeded, by the death of his father,
to the title of earl of Sussex, being elected K.G.
23 April, 1557. He was one of the most eminent
statesmen of the age, and died, after -a lingering
illness, 9 June, 1583, in his fifty-seventh year.(6)

The earl of Sussex by his will bequeathed to
the countess all his jewels, habiliments, chains,
buttons, and ornaments, with or without precious
stones (except five stones, given him on a sword
by Philip, king of Spain). He also gave her 4000
ounces of gilt plate, and all the coaches and furniture
which she and her women used to ride in, besides
their riding horses and six geldings, also one-third
of his linen. Under this will and certain settlements
she enjoyed for her life Newhall and other manors
in Essex, with considerable estates in Norfolk, and
his residence at Bermondsey. The jewels he be-
queathed her were valued at £3169.

(a) His first wife Elizabeth Wriothesley, daughter of Thomas earl
of Southampton, -was buried 16 January, 1554-5. The countess of Sussex
in a letter to queen Elizabeth, which will be hereafter given, states that
she had been married to the earl twenty-eight years, which agrees with
the date above given.

(6) See a memoir of the earl of Sussex in Athena Cantdbrigienses, I. 462.

8 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

In his last illness some malicious persons had
alienated the earl's affection from his wife, who after
his death, in consequence, as it would appear, of
some dispute with his executors, fell under the dis-
pleasure of the queen. The following letter to her
majesty from the countess was forwarded through
sir Christopher Hatton, 18 September, 1583: —

To THE QUEEN.

MOST GEACIOUS AND MOST MERCIFUL QUEEN, I most
humbly beseech your Majesty to view these few lines, written
with many tears, and even in the bitterness of my soul, with
that pitiful regard wherewith God hath viewed your Majesty
at all times and in all cases. And albeit I am now beaten
down with many afflictions and calamities hardly to be borne
of flesh and blood, yet is there no grief that pierceth me so
deeply as that by sinister suggestion I should be defamed to
be undutiful to your most excellent Majesty, and injurious to
the honour of my dear Lord lately deceased. For the first,
I appeal to God himself, the searcher of hearts, and revenger
of all disloyalties; for the second, I appeal to none but unto
my most gracious Queen, whether I have not from time to time
been more careful of his health, honour, and well doing than
of mine own soul and safety ; refusing all friends and friendships
in this world for so dear a Lord, whom I followed, in health
and sickness, in wealth and woe, with more care than becomed
a true Christian, to owe unto any worldly creature. The which
if it be true, (as I trust your Majesty in my right and your justice
doth acknowledge it is,) marvel not, most dread Sovereign,
if the vigilant malice of those who have long complotted my
ruin, who espied their time, when my Lord through anguish
and torments was brought to his utmost weakness, to break
the perfect band and love of twenty-eight years' continuance,
have also, by cunning sleights devised, and by slanderous
speeches instilled into your Majesty's ears, the want of that
duty, the which I pray God may sooner fail by lack of life
than want of loyalty. And thus, most noble Princess, am I

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 9

trodden down by my inferiors, not only in worldly maintenance,
which I nothing esteem (having far more, by God's goodness,
than I deserve), but also am touched in the chiefest point of
honour, and the highest degree of duty, which bringeth on
every side such a sea of sorrows as, were it not for the fear
of God's revenge, I could, with all my heart, redeem them
with the sacrifice of my life. Wherefore, most gracious Lady,
even for the pity which ever hath been engrafted in your
Princely heart, I most humbly beseech you, see not your
Majesty's poor servant trodden down by the malicious speeches
and unconscionable extremities of those who took the advantage
of my Lord's painful weakness to work my disgrace, nor in-
crease my just and perpetual griefs with your heavy displeasure :
praying God that I may rather presently die while I write
these lines, than that I may live wittingly to deserve your
Majesty's just dislike. In the meantime, I will not cease to
pray to the Almighty for your Majesty's life, health, and pros-
perity. From the poor careful close of Bermondsey. Your
Majesty's poor, but true faithful servant, to die at your feet,

F. SUSSEX.W

On the 31st of October following, the countess
addressed a letter to lord Burghley returning her
thanks to him for having pleaded for her with her
majesty. (6)

Her applications to be restored to the queen's
favour having failed, she renewed her efforts in a
letter to sir Christopher Hatton, dated Bermondsey,
12 April, 1585, wherein she offered to disprove the
sinister informations of her contraries. (c)

Her nephew, the heroic and incomparable sir
Philip Sidney, by his will bequeathed her a ring
with a diamond, in token of his very dutiful love.

(a) Nicolas's Life of Hatton, 345.

(6) MS. Lansd. 38. art. 66.

10 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

She died at Bermondsey, 9 March, 1588-9, and
was buried with great pomp, 15 April, 1589, on the
east side of the chapel of S. Paul in Westminster
abbey, where is a stately monument of alabaster
marble and coloured stones, being twenty-four feet
in height and consisting of an altar tomb under an
enriched arch with corinthian columns supporting
an entablature crowned with three pyramids and
as many emblazoned shields. On the tomb is a
recumbent effigy of the countess in her robes and
coronet. At the back of the arch is a tablet whereon
are the following inscriptions :

Inclytae Heroinae Franciscae Comitissae Sussex ex nobili &
Antiqua Sydneiorum familia ortse, illustrissimo, sapientisshno,
& bellicosissimo viro Domino Thomas Ratcliffe comiti Sussex
nuptae, fceminae multis carissimisque dotibus, turn animi turn
corporis ornataa, in sanguine conjunctos, in amicos, in pauperes,
in captivos, & praecipue in verbi divini ministros liberalitate
& charitate pras caeteris insigni, quas lectionem sacrae Theologiae
in Ecclesia Westmonasteriensi Collegiata legendam instituit,
& quinque millia librarum per testamentum legavit, quibus
vel extrueretur Collegium novum in Academia Cantabrigiensi
vel (ad augmentum Aulae Clarensis in eadem Academia) perqui-
reretur annuus census: de quo perpetuo ali possint magister
unus, decem socii, & Scholares viginti. Opus certe praeclarum
& nunquam satis laudatum. Vixit annos 58. Mort. est 9
Mart. & sepulta fuit die 15 Aprilis, Anno Dom. 1589.

Here lieth the most honourable Lady Frances sometime
Countess of Sussex, Daughter of Sir William Sydney of
Pensehurst Knight, Wife and Widow to that most noble,
most wise, and most martial gentleman Thomas Katcliffe Earl
of Sussex; a woman whilst she lived adorned with many and
most rare gifts both of mind and body, towards God truly
and zealously religious, to her Friends and Kinsfolk most
liberal, to the poor prisoners, to the Ministers of the Word
of God always most charitable. By her last Will and Testa-

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 11

ment she instituted a Divinity Lecture to be read in this
Collegiate Church, and by the same her Testament, gave
also 5000 lib. towards the building of a new College in the
University of Cambridge, with sufficient yearly revenue for
the continual maintenance of one Master, ten Fellows and
twenty Schollars, either in the same College, or else in another
House in the said University already builded, commonly called
Clare Hall. She lived 58 years, and died the ninth of March,
and was buried the fifteenth of April 1589.

Misericordia & Charitate, Pietate & Prudentia, Fide Con-
jugali.

Beati mortui qui in Domino moriuntur.

Omnia plena malis, fert Deus unus opem.

Veni Domine Jesu, veni cito.

By her will, bearing date 6th of December, 1588,
after giving directions for her burial and tomb,
she directed her executors to purchase a perpetual
annuity of £20 to the use of a godly and learned
preacher, who for, and in her name, should read
two lectures in divinity, weekly, for ever, in West-
minster abbey, on such several days as no other
sermons or lectures were to be read there. Her
executors were also to bestow £100 amongst poor
and godly preachers in London and the suburbs
thereof.

And reciting that since the decease of her late
lord, the earl of Sussex, she had, in devotion and
charity, purposed to make and erect some goodly
and godly monument for the maintenance of good
learning, and to that intent, had yearly gathered,
and deducted out of her revenues, so much as con-
veniently she could. She therefore, in accomplish-
ment and performance of the same her charitable
pretence, with the ready money which she had so

12 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

yearly reserved, and with a certain portion of plate,
and other things which she had purposely left,
willed and ordained, that her executors should
bestow and employ the sum of £5000, over and
besides all such her goods, as in her will remained
unbequeathed, for the erection of a new college in
the university of Cambridge to be called the lady
Frances Sidney Sussex college, and purchasing some
competent lands for the maintaining of a master
and of ten fellows and twenty scholars, students
there, according to the laudable custom of the said
university, if the said £5000 and the remainder
of her goods unbequeathed would thereunto extend.
But if, by the judgment of her executors, it be
thought not sufficient to erect and found a new
college in her name and for the maintenance thereof
as she intended, then that the said £5000 and
unbequeathed goods should be employed for the
enlarging of Clare hall, in the said university of
Cambridge and for purchasing so much lands, to
be annexed to the said college, or hall, for ever,
for the maintenance of so many scholars there,
according to the rates then used in the said uni-
versity. Which college, from thenceforth, should
be called Clare and lady Frances Sidney Sussex
college or hall.

She bequeathed to he? well beloved nephew,
sir Robert Sidney, knight, (a) a standing testern of
crimson velvet, outer vallance and inner vallance,
and bases below, of crimson velvet, all cut with

(a) Son of her brother, sir Henry Sidney. He eventually became earl
of Leicester.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 13

cloth of silver, richly embroidered in gold, with
her arms and five curtains of crimson taffeta, striped
with silver lace, a quilt of crimson satin, embroidered
with scollop shells of cloth of silver, also much other
rich furniture therein mentioned, being in several
rooms: likewise all her plate, jewels, &c. not be-
queathed, among which was a cup of gold, weigh-
ing, with the cover, twenty-six ounces, with a
porcupine standing on the top. Also a porcupine,
with a roll of gold, set with pearl, being her
said nephew's arms and hers. She bequeathed to
sir William Fitzwilliam, knight, (o) £200, to her
sister, the lady Fitzwilliam, several jewels and
furniture; and to her nephew, John Fitzwilliam,
£40 to make him a chain. To her nephew, sir
John Harrington, (6) and his lady,(c) much furniture
and jewels. To her niece, the lady Montagu, (d) a
trained gown of black velvet, embroidered all over
with broken trees, a large kirtle, embroidered, and
a suit of aglets enamelled, with a suit of buttons,
with garnets, and pearls of one hundred and twenty.
And to her nephew, Edward Montagu, a suit of
hangings of the story of Holifernes and Judith, and
much rich furniture, in the chamber thereto belong-
ing ; also all her silver plate belonging to her cushion
cloth, and the plate in her cupboard in her bed-

(a) Of Milton, lord deputy of Ireland. He married the countess's
sister Anne.

(6) Eldest son of sir James Harrington of Exton in Rutland, who
married the countess's sister Lucy. In 1603 he was created lord Harrington
of Exton.

(rf) Elizabeth, eldest daughter of sir James Harrington and Lucy his
wife, married to sir Edward Montagu of Boughton.

1.4 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

chamber, with a pair of gilt andirons, with great
bowls at the feet, like lions' heads.

She appointed executors, her nephew, sir John
Harrington, her cousin, Mr. Henry Bosvil, her well
beloved friend, Mr. Bond, Doctor in Divinity, (a) for
the great virtue she had always conceived in him ;
her well beloved friend, Mr. Robert Forth, Doctor
of the civil law,(6) for the like great virtue she had
perceived of his fair dealing; her good friend,
Mr. Gabriel Goodman, Doctor in Divinity, (c) for his
godly and virtuous inclination. And for the better
execution of her will, she constituted her honourable
good friend, the earl of Kent,(d) for the great honour,
wisdom, zeal in religion and virtue, which was noted
in him, the chief and principal executor of the same,
to whom she bequeathed, as a special legacy, her
fair bason and ewer, wrought richly with stories
enamelled, weighing 177 ounces, and a cup of gold
to be bought for him, to the value of £100. And
appointed her good friend the lord archbishop of
Canterbury, (e) supervisor, and bequeathed to him
several pieces of her plate. (/)

It appears that her tomb cost £200, and that
her executors were chargeable with £10,996. 14s. 9d.
to perform all her legacies, of which they received
in ready money £3,997., by 4614 oz. of gilt plate

(a) Afterwards president of Magdalen college, Oxford. See Athen.
Cantab, n. 466.

(b) A notice of Dr. Forth is in Athen. Cantab, n. 187.

(d) Henry Grey, sixth earl of Kent, died 1615.

(e) John Whitgift.

(/) Collins's Sydney Papers, I. (1) 80.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 15

£1,220., by 4868 oz. of white plate £1,164., and
by jewels £2,652.((l)

The FOUNDATION. — By an act of parliament passed
35 Eliz., the master, fellows, and scholars of Trinity
college were empowered to sell or let at fee farm to
the executors of the countess of Sussex, the late site of
the dissolved house of the Greyfriars in Cambridge.

Queen Elizabeth(6) by letters patent dated 25th of
July in the 36th year of her reign [1594], after re-
citing the will of the countess of Sussex, empowered
the earl of Kent and sir John Harrington, two of
her executors, to found and establish a college on the
late site of the house of the Grey Mars in Cambridge,
or in any other convenient place within or near
the town, and to appoint the master, fellows, and
scholars, and make statutes and ordinances for their
government. The college so founded her majesty
willed should be called the college of the lady Frances
Sidney Sussex for ever. The master, fellows, and
scholars were made a body corporate with the usual
powers, and authorized to hold in mortmain lands
not exceeding the clear yearly value of £500.

The master, fellows, and scholars of Trinity college
by an indenture dated 10 September, 37 Eliz. [1595],
conveyed(c) to the earl of Kent, sir John Harrington,

(a) Bloomfield's Norfolk, I. 518.

(b) The executors of the countess of Sussex in compliance with a
direction to that effect, in her will presented the queen with a jewel of
£140 value, being a star of rubies and diamonds, having a ruby in
the centre, and at the back a hand delivering up a heart to the crown.
On delivery of this jewel they prayed her majesty's licence to found the
college, which she granted accordingly.

(a) One hundred marks was paid to Trinity college as the considera-
tion for this conveyance. The sum was fixed by archbishop Whitgift. —
Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, II. 465, n.

16 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Robert Forth, doctor of the civil law, and Nicholas
Bond, D.D., executors of the countess of Sussex, all
that parcel of land containing by estimation three
acres, more or less, called or known by the name of
the late site of the house of Greyfriars, within or near
the town of Cambridge, then enclosed with a stone
wall, together with the said wall and walls, and
all houses and buildings, &c. (except one conduit,
sometime belonging to the said site). To hold in
fee at the annual rent of £13. 6s. 8^., subject to
certain leases made by Trinity college before 1 January
35 Eliz., and to a proviso for avoiding the conveyance
if the college appointed to be erected by the countess
were not built within seven years.

James Montagu, M.A. of Christ's college, a re-
lative of the foundress, became the first master, being
so constituted 14 February, 1595-6, when the earl
of Kent and sir John Harrington executed a deed
founding the college, consisting of a master, three
fellows, and four scholars, in the name of more to
be thereafter appointed. Mr. Montagu was sub-
sequently created D.D., and became in succession,
dean of Worcester, bishop of Bath and Wells, and
bishop of Winchester.

On the 20th of February, 1595-6, the earl of
Kent and sir John Harrington by their attorney
gave possession of the site of the college to Mr.
Montagu and to William Wood, M.A., and John
Maynard, B.A., in the name of the rest of the fellows
and scholars.

The first stone of the fabric was laid by Mr.
Montagu, 20 May, 1596.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 17

In August, 1598, the earl of Kent and sir John
Harrington gave statutes. These were subsequently
altered from time to time, the last emendations being
made by the earl, as surviving executor.

In 1599 the college was completed, and eleven
fellows(rt) were appointed.

The first, second and third masters were nomi-
nated by the executors of the foundress. On the
13th of September, 1643, the fellows met to elect
a master in the room of that illustrious ornament
of the college, Samuel Ward, D.D., who had died
on the 6th of that month, having presided over the
society with distinguished reputation for nearly thirty-
four years.(6) Six of the fellows were in favour of
Herbert Thorndike, fellow of Trinity college (after-
wards canon of Westminster), and five for Richard
Minshull, B.D., one of the fellows of this college.
A band of soldiers broke in and carried off John
Pawson/c) one of Mr. Thorndike's voters. The fel-
lows in his interest in consequence protested against
the election, and all but one of them withdrew.
Mr. Minshull being elected by five of the remaining
six, was admitted. He and the fellows were however

(a) Viz., Samuel "Wright, B.D., from Magdalen college ; "William "Wood,
M.A., from Christ's college ; John Gamond, M.A., from Pembroke hall ;
Francis Aldrich, M.A., from Clare hall (the second master) ; "William
Bradshaw, M.A., from Emmanuel college; Thomas Gataker, M.A., from
S. John's college; John Stafford; Robert Rhodes; Christopher Swale, M.A.,
from Trinity college; Richard Cleburn, B.A., from Trinity College; and
Samuel Ward, B.A., from S. John's college (afterwards of Ipswich).

In 1612 the executors on account of the insufficiency of the revenues
reduced the number of fellows to seven.

(6) At the close of his life he was much persecuted by the puritans
and was for some time imprisoned in S. John's College.

VOL. III. C

18 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

cited to appear before the king at Oxford, but ulti-
mately his majesty, with the assent of Mr. Thorn dike,
confirmed Mr. Minshull's election.

Dr. Richard Minshull, master, died 30 December,
1686. The succeeding master, Joshua Basset, B.D.,
fellow of Caius college, came in by a mandate
from James II. Being a Roman catholic the king
dispensed with his taking the requisite oaths. He
set up the mass in the college chapel, and at his
instance the commissioners for ecclesiastical causes
on the 13th of June, 1687, made an order altering
the college statutes so as wholly to destroy the
protestant character of the foundation. This order
was confirmed by a letter from the king to the
college, dated Windsor, 2 July, in the same year.

On the 1st of December, 1688, (after the landing
of the prince of Orange) the king, by a letter to
the college, dated from Whitehall, rescinded the
order of the commissioners and his confirmatory
letter, and willed that the statutes of the college
should be observed and pursued as if the alterations
of the commissioners had not been made. Basset had
previously absconded, and on the 9th of December,
1688, James Johnson, B.D., was unanimously elected
master.

Queen Anne, on the 10th of May, 1705, granted
the college a licence of mortmain for lands not ex-
ceeding the clear yearly value of £500, and ad-
vowsons, rectories, vicarages, and churches of what-
soever value, not exceeding ten in number.

On the 20th of March, 1860, the common seal
of the Cambridge university commissioners was affixed

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 19

to a code of statutes framed by them for ttie future
government and regulation of this college, and on
the 16th of May following, they made ten other
statutes concerning certain bye-foundations. These
several statutes were confirmed by her majesty in
council on the 1st of August in the same year. The
commissioners by another statute made the 23rd of
October, 1860, and which in due course received
the royal assent, repealed the older statutes of the
college, except so far as they affected certain rights
and interests of the present master and of fellows
elected before a specified date, and save and except
such parts as relate to the powers and functions of
the visitor, which remain in force as heretofore.

BENEFACTORS. — Sir John Harrington (afterwards
lord Harrington), one of the executors of the found-
ress, gave the college the legacy bequeathed to him
by her will, also in 1595 an annuity of £30 and
£600 secured by a statute staple; Peter Blundell
of Tiverton, clothier, having in 1599 bequeathed
£2000 for founding scholarships in the universities,
two fellowships and two scholarships were soon after-
wards established in this college, it being appointed
that one of the fellows should read a greek or
hebrew lecture; Edward Montagu, esq. of Hemington,
in Northamptonshire (afterwards lord Montagu of
Boughton) in 1599 gave lands in Sussex, directing
that during the continuance of a lease for lives the
rent should be laid out in purchase of books of
divinity and afterwards applied to the maintenance
of scholars; Leonard Smith, citizen and fishmonger
of London, by will in 1601 bequeathed £120 and

20 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

all his goods for founding a fellowship ; sir John
Hart, alderman and sometime lord mayor of London,
in 1603 bequeathed £30 for the use of the library
and £600 to purchase an estate for the endowment
of two fellowships and four scholarships and for other
uses; William Bennet, citizen and fishmonger of
London, in 1604 gave £60 to found a scholarship ;
John Freestone, esq. of Altofts, in Yorkshire, having
bequeathed £500 for a fellowship and two scholar-
ships at Emmanuel college, and that society de-
clining the legacy, such fellowship and scholarships
were in 1607 established in this college; John
Harrington, second lord Harrington of Exton, gave
£100; Henry Grey, earl of Kent, one of the exe-
cutors of the foundress, gave the college the legacy
bequeathed to him by her will, and also plate;
James Montagu, bishop of Winchester, the first
master, was a considerable benefactor to the chapel,
and in 1618 bequeathed a rent charge of £20 per
annum, whereof 20 marks was to discharge the rent
payable to Trinity college; John Bolles, esq.(a) of
Scampton, in Lincolnshire, in 1618 gave £200 for
augmenting the fellowships founded by his grand-
father, sir John Hart; Robert Johnson, B.D., arch-
deacon of Leicester, in 1625 founded four scholar-
ships; sir John Brereton, king's serjeant at law in
Ireland, one of the first scholars of the college, in
1626 bequeathed(6) nearly £3000 to augment the

(a) Afterwards a baronet. He died 1648. There is an account of him
in Illingworth's Topographical Account of Scampton, p. 47, -where is the
epitaph by Richard Dugard on his eldest son George Bolles of this college,
who died 1632, set. 20.

(6) His gift was invalid in law, but was confirmed by sir John Bramston
(afterwards chief justice) who married his widow.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 21

stipends of the master, fellows, and scholars, and
for a mathematical lecture and other purposes ; Paul
Micklethwaite, B.D., sometime fellow, gave in 1627
a house opposite the college for founding two scholar-
ships ; sir Francis Clerke, of Houghton Conquest, in
Bedfordshire, built a fair and firm range of twenty
chambers, and in 1628 founded four fellowships and
eight scholarships, and augmented the scholarships
of the first foundation; Dame Rebecca Ronmey
in 1629 founded two exhibitions at this college ;(a)
Francis Combe, esq. of Heniel Hempstead, by will
in 1641 gave a great part of his library, also lands
in Hertfordshire for the establishment of four ex-
hibitions; Samuel Ward, D.D., master, in 1643 be-
queathed £50, also certain MSS. and coins, including
the gold medal given to him at the synod of Dort ;
James Risely, esq. of High Holborn, Middlesex, in
1649 granted to the college after his decease the
advowson of the vicarage of Wilshamstead, in Bed-
fordshire; Richard Dugard, B.D., rector of Fulletby,
in Lincolnshire, in 1653 bequeathed £130, whereof
£10 was to buy books for the library; John Gyles,
M.A., in 1654 gave by will the advowson of the
vicarage of Peasemarsh, in Sussex ; Philip Stanhope,
earl of Chesterfield, gave £100 to the library ; Charles
Pendreth, B.D., fellow, in 1657 bequeathed £83 ; John

(a) Amongst the early benefactors were Anne wife of John first lord
Harrington; Lucy, countess of Bedford, his daughter; George, lord Goring,
afterwards earl of Norwich ; John Young, D.D., dean of Winchester, some-
time fellow ; sir William Willmore of Sywell, Northamptonshire (the first
pensioner) ; Robert Hudson, citizen of London ; John Harrington, esq. ;
Godfrey Foljambe, esq.; Edward Wray, esq.; and Edward Montagu,
second lord Montagu of Boughton.

22 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Ham in 1678 bequeathed £200 towards the maintenance
of a scholar at this college or Balliol college, Oxford ;
Downham Yeomans, of Cambridge, dyer, in 1680
gave lands in Suffolk for the use and benefit of
three scholars of this house; Thomas Fowler, B.D.,
fellow, gave in 1680 £4 per annum to two sizars ;(-)
the executors of John Jones, esq. of London,
in 1693 gave to the college £100 out of monies
bequeathed by him for charitable uses; James
Johnson, D.D., master, in 1703 bequeathed £1200
to buy advowsons and gave the advowson of the
rectory of Eempstone, in Nottinghamshire; he also
devised estates(6) to augment benefices in the gift
of the college and for other pious uses; William
Barcroft, founded two exhibitions ; Samuel Taylor
of Dudley, (c) in 1726 gave an estate to found a
mathematical fellowship and scholarships ;(d) Francis

(a) Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, is said to have given to this college,
whereof he was sometime fellow, £1000 in 1679. This is a mistake. —
Wood's Athen, Oxon. ed. Bliss iv. 249.

Sir John Frederick is enumerated amongst the benefactors to this
house, but we are unable to specify in what particular way his bounty
thereto was exhibited. He was an alderman of London, lord mayor, 1662,
and treasurer of Christ's hospital from that year to 1684. He rebuilt
the hall of the hospital at the cost of £5000 and upwards. — Trollope's
Hist, of Chrisfs Hospital, 104, 105, 344.

(6) Some of these estates were lost by defects in the will.

(c) Samuel Taylor, son of John Taylor, minister of the word, born
at Dudley, Worcestershire, in or about 1667, and educated for about
six years at Swinford Regis, Staffordshire, under Mr. Edward Molineux,
was admitted of this college the 2nd of June, 1688, (his father being then
deceased). It does not appear that he took any degree.

(d) Mr. Taylor's estate is at Dudley in Worcestershire and at Oaken
and Tipton green in Staffordshire. The foundation of scholarships
was conditional on mines being sunk. By a decree of the master of
the rolls made in 1738, a mathematical lectureship was directed to
be established in lieu of a fellowship. Under private acts of parlia-
ment passed in 1818 and 1823, the college are empowered to lease the

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 23

Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, bequeathed in 1760 his
valuable library and £600 ; the rev. Thomas Lovett,
M.A., in or about 1777 founded by will two ex-
hibitions; William Chafy, D.D., master, in his life-
time contributed liberally to the alterations in the
buildings of the college, and at his death in 1843
bequeathed £1000.

EMINENT MEN. — Samuel Wright, the first fellow,
author of numerous sermons, died about 1609.
Daniel Dyke, fellow, author of theological treatises
and sermons, died about 1614. James Montagu,
master, bishop of Winchester, died 1618. William
Bradshaw, fellow, author of an exposition of the
Corinthians and other works, died 1618. Samuel
Buggs, D.D., fellow, a famous preacher at Coventry,
flourished 1626. Paul Micklethwaite, D.D., fellow,
master of the Temple, flourished 1628. Richard
Garbutt, fellow, lecturer at Leeds, author of various
sermons, died 1630-1. John Playfere, fellow, rector
of Depden, Suffolk, author of Appello Evangelium,
died 1631. John Morton, a popular preacher in
London, author of Truth's Champion, died 1631.
William Flathers, fellow, archdeacon of Northumber-
land, 1636-8. Jeremy Dyke, fellow, vicar of Epping,
author of The Worthy Communicant and other works,
died 1639. Samuel Ward, fellow, a celebrated
preacher at Ipswich, author of numerous sermons,
died 1639-40. John Pocklington, D.D., fellow, canon

mines on Mr. Taylor's estate and out of the money thereby raised
to found exhibitions, build and fit up apartments and lecture-rooms
for the exhibitioners, establish a mathematical library, purchase mathe-
matical instruments, and augment the stipend of Mr. Taylor's lecturer.

24 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

of Windsor, Lincoln, and Peterborough, author of
Sunday no Sabbath and Altare Christianum, died
1640. John Young, D.D., fellow, dean of Winchester,
died 1640. Charles Aleyn, poet, died about 1640.
Edward Noel, viscount Campden, one of the com-
manders in the army of Charles I., died 1643.
Samuel Ward, D.D., master, archdeacon of Taunton,
Margaret professor of divinity, one of the trans-
lators of the Bible, and a divine of extraordinary
erudition and attainments, died 1643. John de
Reede, lord of Ronsvorde, envoy from the states
general to England, 1644. James Fosbrooke, author
of various sermons, flourished 1644. Richard
Hewlett, fellow, dean of Cashel, flourished 1644.
Godfrey Rodes, fellow, dean of Derry, flourished
1647. Thomas May, poet and historian of the
long parliament, died 1650. Julines Herring, a noted
puritan divine, died 1651. Daniel Evance, rector
of Calbourne in the Isle of Wight, a celebrated
preacher, died 1652. Thomas Adams, a loyal and
learned preacher in London, author of a commentary
on the second epistle of S. Peter, and of many
excellent sermons, died about 1653. Richard Du-
gard, fellow, rector of Fulletby, Lincolnshire, a
celebrated tutor and classical scholar, died 1653-4.
Sir Roger Bertie, K.B., died 1654. Thomas Gataker,
fellow, a renowned critic, died 1654. Jeremy
Whitaker, one of the assembly of divines, successively
rector of Stretton, Rutland, and pastor of S. Mary
Magdalen Bermondsey, author of various sermons,
died 1654. Francis Leke, earl of Scarsdale, died
1655. Philip Stanhope, earl of Chesterfield, died

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 25

1656. John Lewis, author of theological treatises and
sermons, flourished 1656. Sir John Reynolds, military
commander, lost at sea, 1657. Robert White, D.D.,
archdeacon of Norfolk, died 1657. Oliver Cromwell,
lord protector, died 1658. Thomas Fuller, D.D.,
author of The Church History of Britain, The
Worthies of England, and many other excellent
works, died 1661. George Goring, earl of Norwich,
a commander in the army of Charles I., died 1662.
William Dugard, head master of Merchant Taylor's
school, author of grammatical and classical works,
died 1662. John Bramhall, archbishop of Armagh,
died 1663. Richard Damport, fellow, rector of
Stowlangtoft, Suffolk, a celebrated preacher, died
about 1664. Clement Panian, dean of Elphin, died
1664. Edward Montagu, master of the horse to
the queen of Charles II., killed in the attack on the
dutch fleet at Bergen, 1665. Montagu Bertie, earl of
Lindsey, K.G., a commander in the army of Charles I.,
died 1666. Joseph Naylor, D.D., fellow, canon of
Durham, and sometime archdeacon of Northumberland,
died 1667. John Sterne, M.D., founder and first presi-
dent of the college of surgeons in Ireland, and author of
learned medical works, died 1669. Clement Bretton,
D.D., fellow, archdeacon of Leicester, died 1669.
Edward Montagu, earl of Manchester, E.G., chancellor
of the university, a commander in the army of the
parliament, and lord chamberlain to Charles II.,
died 1671. Sir William Morton, justice of the
king's bench, died 1672. Thomas Richardson, lord
Cramond, died 1674. Richard Resbury, ejected
vicar of Oundle, a learned controversialist, died about

26 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

1675. Thomas Micklethwaite, one of the assembly
of divines, and ejected rector of Cherry Burton,
Yorkshire, died 1675. Theophilus Dillingham, D.D.,
fellow of this college, afterwards master of Clare
hall and archdeacon of Bedford, died 1678. Walter
Montagu, abbot of Nanteuil, author of Miscellanea
Spiritualia and other works, died 1678. John
Wheelwright, a celebrated preacher in New England,
died 1679. Thomas Calvert, ejected rector of All-
hallows, York, author of numerous learned works,
died 1679. Malachi Thruston, M.D., fellow, author
of Diatribse de Respiratione usu Primario, flourished
1679. Charles Gataker, rector of Hoggeston Bucks,
an able theological writer, died 1680. John Ryther,
ejected vicar of Ferriby, Yorkshire, author of sermons
and controversial works, died 1681. Edward
Montagu, lord Montagu of Boughton, died 1681.
Richard Standfast, canon of Bristol, a sufferer for
his loyalty to Charles I., and author of devotional
works and sermons, died 1684. Edmund Calamy,
M.A., a distinguished non-conforming divine, died
1685. John Billers, public orator, 1681-1689.
Seth Ward, fellow, bishop of Salisbury, died 1688-9.
Robert Wensley, vicar of Cheshunt, author of sermons
and theological treatises, died 1689. Sir George
Ent, M.D., president of the college of physicians,
a learned writer on anatomy, died 1689. George
Cockayne, ejected rector of S. Pancras Soper lane,
a celebrated preacher and author, died about 1689.
John Goodman, D.D., archdeacon of Middlesex,
author of theological works and sermons, died 1690.
Charles North, lord North and Grey, died 1690.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 27

John Bidgood, M.D., a distinguished physician at
Exeter, died 1690-1. Ralph Ward, ejected vicar
of Hartborn, Northumberland, a divine of repute
and ability, died 1691. David Jenner, fellow,
prebendary of Salisbury, author of the Prerogative
of Primogeniture and other works, died 1691.
Gilbert Clerke, fellow, a great mathematician and
able commentator on the greek scriptures, died
about 1697. Thomas Jekyll, D.D., author of an
exposition on the church catechism and sermons,
died 1698. Sir Peter Pett, advocate general in
Ireland, author of political and other works, died
1699. Thomas Comber, D.D., dean of Durham, an
able theologian, died 1699.

William Brearey, LL.D., archdeacon of the east
riding of York, died 1701-2. John Luke, D.D.,
fellow, professor of arabic, died 1702. Sir Roger
L'Estrange, a sufferer for his loyalty to Charles I., and
author of many political and other works, died 1704.
Sir William Montagu, chief baron of the exchequer,
died 1707. John Lamb, D.D., dean of Ely, died
1708. Sir Robert Atkyns, chief baron of the ex-
chequer, died 1708. John Thompson, lord Haver-
sham, a celebrated politician, died 1710. Theophilus
Pickering, D.D., fellow, canon of Durham, a muni-
ficent benefactor to the church and the poor, died
1710-11. Thomas Rymer, editor of the Foedera
and critical writer, died 1713. Richard Brocklesby,
author of an Explication of the Gospel Theism,
died about 1714. William Wollaston, author of The
Religion of Nature delineated, died 1724. William
Pattison, an unfortunate poet, died 1727. Thomas

28 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Walker, LL.D., fellow, head master of Charterhouse
school, died 1728. John Frankland, D.D., master,
dean of Ely, died 1730. Eobert Camell, LL.D., rector
of Bradwell and Lound, Suffolk, author of sermons
and other works, died 1732. Thomas Woolston,
fellow, a noted heterodox writer, died 1732-3.
Thomas Bishop, D.D., rector of S. Mary Tower,
Ipswich, author of sermons against the arian heresy,
died 1737. Eichard Venn, rector of S. Antholin,
London, a famous evangelical divine, died 1738.
John Wicksted, archdeacon of Wells, died 1742.
John Allen, M.D., author of Synopsis Medicinse,
flourished 1742. Richard Reynolds, bishop of
Lincoln, died 1743-4. Richard Allin, fellow,
antiquary and divine, died 1747. Samuel Peploe,
bishop of Chester, died 1753. Thomas Wilson,
bishop of Sodor and Man, died 1755. Thomas
Wingfield, author of a treatise on the Lord's
Supper and sermons, died about 1760. John
Colson, Lucasian professor, died 1760. Francis
Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, principal librarian of
the university, died 1760. William Murdin, fellow,
editor of the Burghley papers, died 1761. John
Gay, fellow, an able metaphysician and biblical
critic, died 1763. Charlton Wollaston, M.D., a dis-
tinguished London physician, died 1764. Francis
Topham, LL.D., judge of the prerogative court of
York and master of the faculties, died 1770. Philip
Morant, author of the History of Essex, died 1770.
William Ward, master of Beverley school, an able
writer on grammar, died 1772. Laurence Jackson,
fellow, prebendary of Lincoln, author of contro-

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 29

versial and other works, died 1772. Robert
Hutchinson, artist and poet, died 1773. John Jones,
of Welwyn, author of Free and Candid Disquisitions
relating to the Church of England and of other works,
died about 1775. John Lawson, fellow, rector of
Swanscombe, Kent, a distinguished mathematical
writer, died 1781. John Garnett, fellow, bishop
of Clogher, died 1782. Richard Jackson, university
counsel, famed for universal knowledge, died 1782.
Joseph Greenhill, rector of East Horsley and Clendon,
Surrey, author of numerous sermons, died 1788.

William Jones, vicar of Stoke by Nayland, the
biographer of bishop Home, and author of numerous
essays, dissertations, and sermons, died 1800. Oliver
Saint John Cooper, topographer, died 1801. Thomas
Twining, fellow, translator of Aristotle's poetics, died
1804. George Moore, archdeacon of Cornwall, died

1807. Moor Scribo, rector of Croyland, antiquary, died

1808. Richard Cecil, a celebrated evangelical divine,
author of sermons, biographical and other works, died

1810. Edward Pearson, D.D., master, a divine of
great ability, and author of numerous works, died

1811. Philip Parsons, rector of Eastwell, Kent,
topographer and essayist, died 1812. Robert Luke,
fellow, author of sermons and other works, died

1812. John Venn, rector of Clapham, a celebrated
evangelical divine, died 1813. Thomas Ruggles,
author of The History of the Poor, and works on
law, antiquities, and agriculture, died 1813. Francis
Wollaston, precentor of S. David's, author of sermons
and political and philosophical works, died 1815. John
Hey, D.D., fellow, first Norrissian professor, author of

30 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

Lectures on Divinity and other works, died 1815.
Christopher Hunter, fellow, rector of Gayton,
Northamptonshire, biographer of Christopher Smart
and editor of his works, died 1818. Aulay Macaulay,
vicar of Rothley, Leicestershire, author of topographical
and other works of merit, died 1819. Richard Hey,
LL.D., fellow, an able essayist and mathematician,
died about 1820. Samuel Vince, archdeacon of
Bedford and Plumian professor, a distinguished
mathematician and astronomer, died 1821. Francis
John Hyde Wollaston,(a) archdeacon of Essex, and
for many years Jacksonian professor, died 1823.
Joseph Kemp, MUS.D., a distinguished composer,
and author of dramas and works on music, died
1824. Thomas Martyn, fellow, professor of botany,
died 1825. Charles Sandiford, fellow, archdeacon
of Wells, died 1826. George Wollaston, D.D., fellow,
a distinguished mathematician, died 1826. John
Lettice, D.D., fellow, vicar of Peasemarsh, Sussex,
and prebendary of Chichester, author of sermons
and antiquarian and miscellaneous works, died 1832.
William Hett, prebendary of Lincoln, author of
sermons, poems, and miscellaneous works, died 1833.
Edward Smedley, fellow, editor of Encyclopedia
Metropolitana, and author of poetical, historical,
and biographical works, died 1836. James Edward
Gambier, rector of Langley, Kent, author of An In-
troduction to the study of Moral Evidence, died
1839. James Tate, fellow, canon of S. Paul's, many
years head master of Richmond school, died 1843.

(a) He was in 1807 elected master of this college, but his election
was set aside, he not being statutably qualified.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

THE NORTHERN COUKT.

Thomas Mitchell, fellow, editor of Aristophanes
and Sophocles, died 1845. Weeden Butler, author
of poetical and other works, original and trans-
lated, died 1851. George Butler, D.D., fellow, dean
of Peterborough and previously head master of
Harrow school, died 1853. Samuel Phillips, LL.D.,
journalist, novelist, and essayist, died 1854. "Weever
Walter, vicar of Bonby, Lincolnshire, author of
Lectures on S. Paul, Letters from the Continent and
sermons, died 1860. William Pulling, an extra-
ordinary linguist and author of Sonnets, died 1860.
THE BUILDINGS. — The college consisted originally
of only one court of brick with stone dressings,
erected from the designs of Ralph Simons, con-
sisting of a centre and wings (the latter finished
by projecting windows) and separated from the street
by a wall pierced with a gateway ornamented in

32 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

the style which prevailed at the close of the sixteenth
century. (a)

Sir Francis Clerke soon afterwards erected ad-
ditional chambers to the south, which, with the
chapel, formed a second court, very similar in cha-
racter to the other.

In and soon after 1830 sir Jeffrey Wyatville,
who then had great but undeserved repute as an
architect, made extensive alterations. The brick
walls were fenced with cement, a number of in-
significant turrets were erected, porches were added,
and one of the wings of the original structure was
converted into a low tower, surmounted with stepped
gables. The gateway was removed and a new
entrance formed under this low tower. These
alterations have wholly destroyed the congruity and
venerable appearance of the fabric.

THE CHAPEL. — Several years elapsed after the
foundation of the college before a chapel was erected.
It occupied the site of the refectory of the friars
which ran north and south.

In 1776 a new chapel was erected on the same
spot, from the designs of James Essex, F.S.A.(J)

The altar piece, by Francisco Pittoni, representing
the repose after the flight into Egypt, was purchased
for the college in Venice, by Joseph Smith, esq.,
the english consul there.

At the northern end of the chapel is a gallery

(a) About the beginning of the reign of George III. was substituted
another gateway which now forms a back entrance in Jesus lane to the
master's garden.

(6) A statement that Dr. Elliston, who was master of the college at the
period, was the architect of the chapel is incorrect.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

SIDNEY COLLEGE GARDEN.

for the master's family, who have access to it through
the library.

In the ante-chapel are four marble tablets, com-
memorating—

Francis Sawyer Parris, D.D., master, cal. Mail 1760, set. 56
(erected by his sister Eleanor Parratt).

William Elliston, D.D., master, 11 Feb., 1807, aet. 76 (erected
by his sister Martha Martyn).

Robert Field, student, second son of Edward Field, esq.
of Ipswich, and Mary his wife, 1 March, 1836.

William Chafy, D.D. master, born 7 id. Feb. 1789, died cal.
Jun. 1843, and Mary his wife, 3 non. Jun. 1831.

The chapel, which is a neat plain structure, is
(including the ante-chapel) fifty-seven feet in length,
by twenty-four in breadth.

THE HALL, twenty-seven feet in breadth, and
about sixty in length, is an elegant room, having
at the southern end a music gallery, supported by
doric columns and pilasters.

VOL. III.

34 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

The sides are wainscotted in a modern style,
and the ceiling is also modern, (a] but traces of the
original fabric are discernible in the window at the
northern end, and a spacious bow window in the
north eastern angle.

At the northern end is a good portrait of the
foundress, and at the southern are her arms boldly
carved and properly coloured.

THE COMBINATION ROOM, a cheerful apartment,
northward of the hall, has a pleasant prospect of
the fellows' garden, and contains an engraved portrait
of Dr. George Butler, dean of Peterborough.

A portrait of the foundress is placed in the small
room adjoining, which also contains engraved portraits
of James Tate, Thomas Twining, and Samuel Vince.

THE COLLEGE LIBRARY between the chapel and
the master's lodge was erected at the same period
as the chapel.

Here is preserved in a small ancient cabinet of
carved oak the scull of a youthful person. It is
encrusted with carbonate of lime, which is very
hard and compact, and is spread over the bone in
such a manner as to resemble a petrifraction of the
soft parts. The donor was capt. William Stevens
of Rotherhithe, one of the elder brethren of the
Trinity house, who brought it in 1627 from Crete,
where it was discovered about ten yards (circiter
passus decem) below the surface of the ground, in
digging a well near the town of Candia.

It was exhibited to Charles I. by the celebrated

(a) According to Carter the hall was repaired and beautified in or about
1751.

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 35

Dr. William Harvey, to whom it was sent by Dr.
Samuel Ward, master of this college, with the sub-
joined letter: —

Sir,

I receyved jr lettr by wch I understand his Ma1*8
pleasure that I should send up the petrifyed Scull, wch wee have
in or Colledg library, wch accordingly I have done, wth thee
case wherein we keep it. And I send in this Lett1 both thee
key of the case and a note wch we have recorded of the Donour
& whence he had it. And so with my affectionate prayers
& best devotions for the long life of his sacred Ma*7 and
iny service to yr self I rest

At y1" command

SAMUEL WARD.
Sidney Coll. Junii x,

Die Solstitial!.
To his much honoured frend
Dtor Harvey one of his
Majestys Physitians att his
howse in the Blackfryars be
this drd.

Dr. Harvey's reply, in his own wretched calli-
graphy, is on the back of Dr. Ward's letter, and
is as follows : —

Mr. Doctor Ward I have showed to his M*y this scull
incrustated wth stone, wch I receyved from you, & his Mty
wondered att it & look'd content to see see rare a thinge.
I doe now wth thanks retome to you & your Colledg the same
wth the key of the case & the memoriall you sent me inclosed
heare in thinking it a kinde of sacriledg not to have retorned
it to that place where it may for the instruction of men heare
after be conserved.^)

Here is likewise the face of Oliver Cromwell,
executed by Bernini, from an impression taken im-

(a) A facsimile of Dr. Harvey's reply was printed by George Edward
Paget, esq., M.D. of Caius college, in 1849.

36 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

mediately after the protector's death. It was pre-
sented to the college by the rev. Thomas Martyn,
professor of botany.

The library contains a good collection of printed
books and a few MSS.

THE TAYLOR LIBRARY, deposited in a convenient
and well arranged apartment on the ground floor
near the combination room, contains a large, valuable
and constantly increasing collection of scientific
works.

THE MASTER'S LODGE is situated between the hall
and the chapel. In it is preserved Samuel Cooper's
far famed drawing in crayons of Oliver Cromwell,
given to the society in 1765 by Thomas Brand
Hollis, esq.(0) There are also portraits of the found-

(a) The presentation is said to have been made in the following curious
and characteristic manner. Dr. Elliston, the master, received a letter
stating that on a prescribed day two gentlemen would bring a painting
of Cromwell, but that he must not see them or say anything, but only
stand at the top of the staircase and say " I have it."

Oliver Cromwell was admitted a fellow-commoner of this college under
the tuition of Mr. Richard Hewlett, 23 April, 1616. He took no degree,
and soon after July, 1617, became a member of one of the inns of court,
although no record of his admission at any of them can now be found.

There are some curious stories of his misbehaviour whilst a student
at Cambridge, but they seem entitled to little credit.

Between the entry of his admission at this college and the succeeding
entry, some zealous individual of later date has crowded in these lines :

Hie fuit grandis ille impostor, carnifex perditissimus, qui pientissimo
rege Carolo primo nefaria ccede sublato, ipsum usurpavit thronum, et
tria regna per quinque ferme annorum spatium, sub protectoris nomine,
indomita tyrannide vexavit.

"Whilst Oliver Cromwell was entering himself of Sidney Sussex
College, William Shakspeare was taking his farewell of this world.
Oliver's Father had most likely come with him; it is but some fifteen
miles from Huntingdon ; you can go and come in a day. Oliver's Father
saw Oliver write in the Album at Cambridge ; at Stratford Shakspeare's
Ann Hathaway was weeping over his bed. The first world-great thing

SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE. 37

ress ; Edward, first lord Montagu of Boughton ;
Dr. Chafy, master; Dr. Ward, master; bishop
Garnett; bishop Montagu; William Wollaston;
Dr. John Hey ; Dr. James Johnson, master ; arch-
bishop Bramhall; Dr. Bardsey Fisher, master, and
his wife ; and an engraving of Peter Blundell, the
munificent founder of Tiverton school.

THE GARDENS of the master and of the fellows
are of considerable extent, contain some noble trees,
and are laid out with much taste.

FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. — Under the recent
statutes there are six fellowships on the foundation
of the countess of Sussex, one on the foundation of
Mr. Leonard Smith, and two on the foundation of
Mr. Peter Blundell.

Mr. Taylor's mathematical lecturer has the position
but not the rights of a fellow, and does not vacate
his office by marriage.

There are twelve foundation scholarships value
£40 per annum each, one on the foundation of Mr.
Leonard Smith, and many exhibitions.

that remains of English History, the Literature of Shakspeare, was ending ; the
second world-great thing that remains of English History, the armed appeal
of Puritanism to the Invisible God of Heaven against very many visible
Devils, on Earth and Elsewhere, was so to speak, beginning. They have
their exits and their entrances. And one People in its time plays many
parts." — Oliver Cromwell's Letters and .Speeches with Elucidations, by
Thomas Carlyle, 3rd edit. I. 59.

Cromwell represented the town of Huntingdon in 1628. He was made
a freeman of the town of Cambridge at the request of the mayor, 7 Jan.
1639-40, and represented that town in both the parliaments of 1640. He
was elected high-steward of the town 8 May, 1652, and held the office
till his death.

There is a tradition that when first elected member for this town he
resided in a house belonging to Magdalen college, situate in White Bull
yard, on the western side of Bridge street, in the parish of S. Clement.

6*> O *> '3

38 SIDNEY SUSSEX COLLEGE.

In 1621 the college consisted of a master, twelve
fellows, and twenty-nine scholars, these together with
the students, &c., making a total of one hundred
and forty.

In August, 1641, one hundred members of this
college contributed £4. 16s. to a poll-tax.

In 1672 the whole number of students with officers
and servants of the foundation was one hundred
and twenty -two.

Edmund Carter says that in 1753 the college
consisted of the master, eight fellows, ten scholars,
and two exhibitioners, the total of all sorts being
then usually about forty.

PATEONAGE. — The rectory of Wike S. Mary in
Cornwall ; the vicarage of lilting in Essex ; the
rectory of Swanscombe in Kent ; the rectory of Gayton
in Northamptonshire; the rectory of Rempstone in
Nottinghamshire ; the vicarage of Peasemarsh in
Sussex ; and the rectory of Kilvington in Yorkshire.

THK MASTEU S LODGE.

DOWNING COLLEGE.

THIS college, which still remains incomplete,
stands on land formerly known as S. Thomas's or
Pembroke leys.

THE FOUNDEK. — George Downing, only son of sir
George Downing, the second baronet(a) by his wife
Catharine, eldest daughter of James Cecil, third
earl of Salisbury, K.G., was born in or about 1686,
and educated at Clare hall.

In February, 1700-1, being then about fifteen,
he married his maternal cousin Mary, eldest daughter
of sir William Forester, of Watling street in Shrop-
shire, K.B.,(6) she being then only thirteen. Soon

(a) Sir George Downing, of East Hatley in Cambridgeshire, the first
baronet was ambassador to Holland, secretary to the treasury, and a com-
missioner of customs, being a person of considerable political importance in
his day. It has been repeatedly stated that he was son of Calibute Downing,
D.D., rector of Hackney, a noted divine, but this has been satisfactorily
proved to be a mistake. See Peirce's Hist, of Harvard University,
Append. 58. He was the son of Emmanuel Downing.

(6) By Mary, daughter of James Cecil, third earl of Salisbury.

40 DOWNING COLLEGE.

afterwards he went on his travels, but before
his departure strictly enjoined his young bride
not to accept the post of a maid of honour, an offer
which he thought it probable might be made to
her on account of her uncommon beauty, for queen
Anne, in imitation of her uncle Charles II., was
anxious to fill her court with beautiful ladies of
good family. The temptation proved, however, too
strong for resistance. In a letter from lady Temple
to Mrs. Martha Blount, written in November, 1704,
she remarks, "I suppose that you hear that pretty
Mrs. Forester is the new maid of honor." Mr.
Downing returned to England in the following year,
and was so extremely indignant at what had occurred
that he peremptorily refused to live with his wife.

In 1710 he was returned to parliament for Dun-
wich in Suffolk, and in June, 1711, succeeded to
the baronetcy on the death of his father. He was
again elected M.P. for Dunwich in 1713.

In April, 1715, his unhappy wife, after having
for ten years fruitlessly endeavoured to conquer his
aversion to her, petitioned the house of lords in
her maiden name for leave to bring in a bill to
avoid the marriage, which had never been con-
summated. His answer was as follows:

I have considered the Petition of Mrs. Mary Forester,
presented to the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal in Parliament assembled; and do affirm, that all
the Allegations thereof are true, and that I have never reputed
her as my wife, and therefore join with her in the said Petition,
humbly submitting myself to your Lordships' great Wisdom
and Justice.

G. DOWNING.

DOWNING COLLEGE. 41

The lords, however, refused leave to bring in
the bill, by fifty against forty-eight, all the bishops
present voting in the majority.

He was again returned to parliament for Dunwich;
to the parliament of 1722,(a) and he represented that
town in 1727, and thenceforward till his death.

On the 30th of June, 1730, he was installed a
knight of the bath.

Lady Downing died at Hampton in Middlesex 26th
July, 1734, being buried there 2nd August following.

His estate was considered the largest in Cam-
bridgeshire, and he erected a splendid mansion at
Gramlingay,{6) where he died 10 June, 1749.

He had a natural daughter, to whom he be-
queathed about £20,000, leaving also £200 a-year
to her mother for her life.

By his will, dated 17 December, 1717, he gave
and devised his manors, lands, tenements, and here-
ditaments in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, and
Suffolk, to James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of
Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley, and
Robert Pullyn, esquires, and their heirs, in trust
for his cousin Jacob Garrard Downing, esq.(c) (who
succeeded to the baronetcy), and the heirs of his
body, with remainder in trust for other relatives in

(a) Sir Robert Rich and Charles Long, esq., presented a petition 18th
October, 1722, against the return of Edward Vernon, esq., and sir George
Downing, for Dunwich; certain freemen also petitioned against their re-
turn. These petitions were withdrawn 1 Oth and 14th of November following.

(6) This mansion was pulled down in October, 1776.

(c) Son of Charles Downing, esq., comptroller of the customs in the
port of London (third son of sir George Downing, the first baronet) by his
wife Sarah, youngest daughter and coheiress of Jacob Garrard, esq., son
and heir of sir Thomas Garrard, of Langford in Norfolk, bart.

4:4 DOWNING COLLEGE.

succession and their issue. In case of the failure
of such issue, he devised the same as follows : —

To THE USE AND BEHOOF of the said James earl of
Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John
Pedley, and Eobert Pullyn, and their heirs, IN TRUST never-
theless, that they do and shall, as soon as may be, by and with
and out of the rents, issues, and profits of the premises, buy and
purchase the inheritance and fee simple of some piece of ground,
lying and being in the town of Cambridge, proper and con-
venient for the erecting and building a college, and thereon shall
erect and build all such houses, edifices, and buildings as shall
be fit and requisite for that purpose which college shall be called
by the name of Downing's college : and my will is, that a
charter royal be sued for and obtained for the founding such
college, and incorporating a body collegiate by that name, in
and within the university of Cambridge ; which college or col-
legiate body shall consist of such head or governor, and of such
fellows, scholars, members, and other persons for the time being,
and shall be maintained, governed and ordered by such laws
rules and orders, and in such manner, and therein shall be pro-
fessed and taught such usefull learning, as my said trustees, or
their heirs (by and with the consent and approbation of the most
reverend the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the
masters of Saint John's college and Clare hall in the said
university of Cambridge, in being at the time of the founding
of the said college) shall direct, prescribe and appoint: and
immediately from and after the founding and incorporating such
college or body collegiate as aforesaid, the said James earl of
Salisbury, Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John
Pedley, and Robert Pullyn, and their heirs, shall stand and be
seized of all and singular the said manors, lands, tenements and
hereditaments in trust for the said collegiate body and their
successors for ever and as for touching or concerning such of the
said manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments and premises
whereof or wherein I have or am possessed of any estate for
any term or terms of years, I do hereby declare and appoint
that they the said James earl of Salisbury, Charles earl of
Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley and Robert Pullyn,

DOWNING COLLEGE. 43

and their executors and administrators shall stand possessed
thereof in trust that they the said James earl of Salisbury,
Charles earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechrnere, John Pedley and
Robert Pullyn, and their executors and administrators shall,
from time to time, assign and convey the same unto such person
or persons as shall be intitled to the actual possession of my said
lauds of inheritance by virtue of the limitations thereof herein-
before mentioned.

This will was proved with a codicil thereto in
the prerogative court of Canterbury, 13 June, 1749.

THE FOUNDATION. — Sir Jacob Garrard Downing
died without issue, 6 February, 1764. The parties
entitled in remainder to sir George Downing's
estates had previously died without issue, and
all the trustees died in his lifetime. In the
same year an information was filed in the
court of chancery by the attorney general at the
relation of the chancellor, masters, and scholars of
the university, against dame Margaret Downing,
widow, (afterwards wife of George Bowyer, esq.,
ultimately sir George Bowyer, bart.) the heirs at
law of sir George Downing and others.

The cause was heard by the lord chancellor,
assisted by the master of the rolls and the chief-
justice of the common pleas on 15 July, 1768, when
it was decided that the will was good, and such
as the court would carry into execution. On 3 July,
1769, a decree was made declaring the will and
codicil well proved, and that the same ought to be
established, and the trusts thereof performed and
carried into execution, particularly the trusts for
the foundation of the college in case the king should

44 DOWNING COLLEGE.

grant his charter of incorporation, and a licence to
take the devised premises in mortmain, and the heirs
at law were to be at liberty to apply to his majesty
for that purpose. It was also declared that certain
freeholds purchased by the testator after the date of
his will did not pass by the codicil, and that certain
leaseholds and copyholds did not pass by the will.

A grace to admit Downing college to the same
privileges as the other endowed colleges passed the
senate in May, 1786.

In consequence of the deaths of parties to the
suit in chancery informations of revivor and supple-
ment became necessary. On the 16th February, 1795,
the former decree of 1769 was ordered to be prose-
cuted against the then parties to the suit.

In or before 1796 the heirs at law petitioned the
crown for a charter of incorporation. The petition
was referred to the attorney and solicitor general.

On the 19th of December, 1796, the heirs at law
entered into an agreement with the mayor, bailiffs,
and burgesses of the town of Cambridge, provisionally
on the charter being granted within one year, to
purchase for the site of the college, Parker's piece,
or to take a lease thereof for nine hundred and
ninety-nine years, the purchase-money or rent to
be fixed by two land surveyors or their umpire,
and on the same day an agreement to the like effect
was made between the same parties with respect
to a piece of ground at Castle end, known as Pound
hill, and containing one acre, and twenty-three poles.

On the 15th March, 1798, the heirs at law entered
into an agreement with the mayor, bailiffs, and

F-'LAXMAN'S DESIGN

DOWNING COLLEGE SEAL

DOWNING COLLEGE. 45

burgesses conditionally, on the charter being granted
within three years, for the purchase of £140 for Doll's
close, near Maids' causeway, containing one acre,
subject to a lease to Thomas Thackeray, for nine
hundred and ninety-nine years, at the annual rent
of £3. 195. An agreement was also made about the
same time, for the purchase of Mr. Thackeray's
lease.

On the 3rd of September, 1798, the heirs at law
renewed their petition for a charter of incorporation.

In March, 1800, the lord chancellor made a final
decree, ordering that a receiver should be appointed,
and that the defendants in possession should pay
rents for six years, all former arrears being relin-
quished by the university.

The privy council, on the 6th of June following,
recommended his majesty to grant a charter.

By indentures of lease, release, and assignment,
dated 14 and 15 July, 1800, Doll's close was con-
veyed to the heirs at law in trust for the intended
college.

On the 22nd of September following, the charter
passed the great seal. After reciting the will of sir
George Downing, and the proceedings in chancery
connected therewith, the king willed, ordained, con-
stituted, established, declared, and appointed —

1. THAT in and upon Doll's close there should and might
be erected and established one perpetual college for students
in law, physic, and other useful arts and learning, which
college should be called by the name of Downing college, in
the university of Cambridge, and should consist of one master,
two professors ; (that is to say) a professor of the laws of
England, and a professor of medicine, and sixteen fellows (two

46 DOWNING COLLEGE.

of whom should be in holy orders, and the rest laymen) and
of such a number of scholars as should thereafter be agreed
on and settled by the statutes of the college.

2. THAT the master, professors, fellows, and scholars, and
their successors for ever, should be one distinct and separate
body politic and corporate in deed and name, by the name and
style of the master, professors, fellows, and scholars of Downing
college, in the university of Cambridge, and by the same name
should have perpetual succession and a common seal, and that
by the same name they and their successors, from time to time,
and at all times thereafter, should be a body politic and
corporate in deed and in law, and be able and capable to
have, take, receive, hold, possess, enjoy, and retain, to and
for the use of the college, all and every the freehold, copyhold
and leasehold manors, advowsons, messuages, lands, rents,
tenements, hereditaments, and possessions given and devised
by the will of sir George Downing, together with Doll's close ;
and also to take, purchase, acquire, have, hold, enjoy, receive,
possess, and retain, notwithstanding any statute or statutes
of mortmain to the contrary, any other manors, rectories, ad-
vowsons, messuages, lands, tenements, rents, and hereditaments
of what kind, nature, or quality soever, for the use of the
college, so that the same did not exceed the yearly value
of £1,500 above all charges and reprizes.

3. THAT the college should be deemed and taken to be
part and parcel of the university of Cambridge, and should
be united and annexed to and incorporated therewith, and
enjoy all the privileges thereof.

4. THAT the master, professors, fellows, and scholars and
their successors, should and might individually have, hold, take,
and enjoy within the university of Cambridge and the liberties
and precincts thereof, all and singular such and the same
privileges, franchises, and liberties, and in as full and ample
manner and form, and should be subject to all such discipline,
order, and government as any master, professor, or any
warden, provost, principal, or doctor of any college in the
said university, and their fellows and scholars, officers and
ministers, or any of them within the said university, by reason

DOWNING COLLEGE. 47

of any charter, gift, or grant, or charters, gifts, or grants by
his majesty, or any of his progenitors theretofore made or
granted to the same university, or by reason of any prescrip-
tion, custom, or other lawful title, or ordinance whatsoever, had,
taken, held, or enjoyed, or been subject to, or ought to have
had, taken, held or enjoyed, or been subject to.

5. THAT statutes might be made and framed by the heirs
at law of sir George Downing, with the consent and approba-
tion of the archbishops of Canterbury and York, and the
masters of S. John's college and Clare hall, or the major
part of them.

6. THAT such statutes might be altered by the archbishops
of Canterbury and York, and the masters of S. John's college
and Clare hall, and Downing college, or the major part of
them, at the request of the master, professors, and five senior
fellows.

7. THAT Francis AnnesleyW doctor of laws in the said
university, should be the first and modern master of the college,
and Edward Christian ^ esquire, master of arts in the said
university, and barrister at law, the first professor of the laws
of England, and Busick Harwood, doctor in physic the first
professor of medicine in the college.

8. THAT John Lens W serjeant at law, and William Meek^
barrister at law, masters of arts in the said university, and
William Frere, bachelor of arts, in the said university, and
such thirteen other persons, to be qualified in manner therein-
after prescribed respecting the elections of the future fellows
of the college, as his majesty should, after the necessary build-
ings for the college should have been erected, by writing under
his sign manual nominate and appoint should be the first and
modern fellows of the college.

(a) Francis Annesley who was one of the heirs at law of sir George
Downing, was M.P. for Reading from 1774 to 1806. He was created
LL.D., by royal mandate as a member of S. John's college, 1800, and died
16 April, 1812.

(6) These gentlemen were with others appointed in July, 1788, syndics
for management of the proceedings in the court of chancery, relative to
the foundation of this college.

48 DOWNING COLLEGE.

9. THAT out of the revenues of the college, there should
be in the first place set apart so much as should be necessary
to be applied in erecting proper buildings for the college,
together with any other funds applicable for that purpose, under
the direction of the court of chancery.

10. His majesty reserved to himself, his heirs and successors,
all visitatorial power and authority over the college.

The charter also contains provisions respecting
the election, qualification, oaths, and duties of the
master, professors, and fellows, the duration of the
appointments, and the admission of pupils, and con-
cludes with a promise to grant any other reasonable
powers and authorities which might be necessary
for the better government of the society.

On the 2nd of July, 1801, the royal assent was
given to an act for changing the site of the college to
S. Thomas's, otherwise Pembroke leys, in the parishes
of S. Botolph, S. Andrew the great, S. Benedict,
and S. Andrew the less, and for providing funds
for the purchase thereof, and for erecting proper
buildings thereon. By another act passed at the
same time, provision was made for extinguishing
all rights of common and other rights in and over
these lands.

An application was made to the court of chancery
to set aside the charter, but after a hearing of three
days its validity was established on the 29th of
June, 1802.

Statutes were made on the 23rd of July, 1805, by
the heirs at law of the founder with the consent and
approbation of the major part of the other parties
named in the charter.

I I

a s

•J Z

S £

DOWNING COLLEGE. 49

On the 18th of May, 1807, the members of the
university assembled at Great S. Mary's, where a
sermon was preached by Dr. Outram, the public
orator. They then went to the Senate-house and
proceeded thence to the site of the college, where
Dr. Annesley the master laid the first stone, whereon
was the following inscription : —

COLLEGIVM . DOWNINGENSE

IN . ACADEMIA . CANTABRIGI^E

GEORGIA'S . DOWNING . DE . GAMLINGAY

IN . EODEM . COMITATV . BARONETTVS

TESTAMENTO . DESIGNAVIT
OPIBVSQVE . MVNIFICE . INSTRVXIT

ANNO . SALVTIS . M.DCC.XVII.

REGIA . TANDEM . CHARTA . STABILIVIT

GEORGIVS . TERTIVS . OPTIMVS . PRINCEPS

ANNO M.DCCC.

H.EC . VERO . J2DIFICII . PRIMORDIA
MAGISTER . PROFESSORES . ET . SOCII

POSVERVNT

QVOD . AD . RELIGIONIS . CVLTVM

JVRIS . ANGLICANI . ET . MEDICINE . SCIENTIAM

ET . AD . RECTAM . JVVENTVTIS . INGENV^

DISCIPLINAM . PROMOVENDAM

FELICITER . EVENIAT,

At the conclusion of the ceremony the university
returned in procession to the Senate-house. An
entertainment was given in the evening by the
members of the college at the Red Lion inn to the
vice-chancellor, the earl of Hardwicke high steward
of the university, the heads of houses, professors,
doctors, and university officers.

In May, 1821, undergraduates were admitted.

VOL. III. E

50 DOWNING COLLEGE.

A new code of statutes for the government and
regulation of the college was framed by the university
commissioners 24 October, 1860, and in due course
received the approbation of her majesty in council.

BENEFACTOKS. — John Bowtell of Cambridge, book-
binder, who died 1 December, 1813, bequeathed a
collection of manuscripts, printed books, antiquities,
and fossils; William Gurdon, esq., M.A., fellow, a
few years since gave a collection of law books;
George Peacock, D.D., dean of Ely, gave £50, for
books to be chosen by the society.

EMINENT MEN. — Charles Skinner Matthews, fellow,
classical scholar, died 1811. Sir Busick Harwood,
M.D., professor of medicine, died 1814. Edward
Christian, professor of law, chief-justice of the
isle of Ely, author of legal works, died 1823.
John Lens, fellow, serjeant-at-law, a distinguished
advocate, died 1825. Frederick North, earl of
Guildford, chancellor of the Ionian university,
died 1827. William Frere, LL.D., master, serjeant-
at-law, editor of Douglas's Reports and the fifth
volume of the Paston Letters, died 1836. Cornwallis
Hewett, M.D., professor of medicine, died 1841.
Thomas Starkie, professor of law, author of numerous
able legal works, died 1849. Robert Devereux, vis-
count Hereford, died 1855. Andrew Amos, professor
of law, author of professional and historical works,
and late member of the supreme legislative council
in India, died 1860.

THE BUILDINGS. — When completed the college will
form one extensive quadrangle, having the principal
front towards the south. At present only the western

DOWNING COLLEGE. 51

side and part of the eastern side of the quadrangle
are erected. The southern ends of these buildings
will form the wings of the principal front. The
grecian style is employed. The design, by William
Wilkins, M.A., R.A., has been extravagantly praised
and as extravagantly condemned. The buildings
already erected have cost £60,000, charged on the
college estates, and not entirely paid off till 1843.

THE CHAPEL is to be on the southern side of the
quadrangle. In the interim a room has, ever since
the opening of the college, been set aside for the
performance of divine service.

THE HALL, which is lofty and well-proportioned,
forms the south-western angle of the court, having
on the west a hexastyle Ionic portico, and on the
south a tetrastyle portico of the same order.

THE COMBINATION-ROOM, immediately adjoining
the hall, is a pleasant and convenient apartment,

THE LIBRARY is to join the chapel on the southern
side of the court. At present the books given by
Mr. Bowtell, and Mr. Gurdon, with others pur-
chased by the society, are deposited in an apartment
on the western side of the court. Amongst Mr. Bow-
tell' s books are several MSS. relating to the university
and town of Cambridge, particularly his own history
of the town, the collections of Mr. alderman Wicksted,
the diary of Mr. alderman Newton, the Pontage
book, and a series of the town treasurers' accounts.

THE MASTER'S LODGE, a spacious and convenient
structure, forms the south-eastern angle of the
quadrangle, having porticos corresponding in cha-
racter and position with those of the hall.

52 DOWNING COLLEGE.

THE WALKS AND GROUNDS are extensive, and laid
out with much taste. On the 6th of July, 1847,
her majesty queen Victoria, accompanied by H.R.H.
the prince chancellor, attended a grand horticul-
tural fete held in the grounds of this college.

MASTERSHIP, PROFESSORSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND
SCHOLARSHIPS. — The present and late master were
appointed by the archbishops of Canterbury and
York and the masters of S. John's and Clare
colleges. In future the master is to be elected by
the professors and fellows.

The Downing professors of the laws of England,
and of medicine, are appointed by the archbishops
of Canterbury and York and the masters of S. John's,
Clare, and Downing colleges. The law professor
must be, at the time of his election, a graduate in
law or arts of one of the English universities, of
ten years' standing from his matriculation, and also
a barrister-at-law. The medical professor must be,
at the time of his election, a graduate in medicine
of one of the universities of the United Kingdom,
and not less than twenty-five years of age.

Under the new code of statutes there will be at
least eight fellowships and ten scholarships, besides
minor scholarships.

PATRONAGE. — The vicarage of Tadlow and the
rectory of East Hatley in Cambridgeshire. (a)

THE SENATE-HOUSE.

THIS building, which occupies a commanding
position and excites general admiration, is used
for the more important assemblies of the academic
body(a) as also for examinations.

The first stone was laid by Thomas Crosse, D.D.,
vice-chancellor, 22nd June, 1722,(6) and it was
opened at the grand public commencement^ held

(a) Previously to the erection of the Senate-House, the ordinary univer-
sity assemblies were held in the congregation or regenl/house, which now
forms that part of the university library known as the Catalogue room,
and was formerly called the New chapel. The more solemn academical
assemblies took place anciently in the church of the Franciscan friars and
afterwards in Great S. Mary's church,

(&) The site was previously occupied by townsmen's houses, which were
purchased by the university under an act of parliament, which received the
royal assent llth June, 1720.

(c) This was the last public commencement strictly speaking. Since that
period a grace dispensing with the solemnities of a public commencement
has been passed annually.

54 THE SENATE-HOUSE.

in July, 1730, when Pope's ode on Saint Cecilia's
day, set to music by Maurice Greene, MUS.D., was
performed.

The western end was not completed till 1768.

The total cost of the building was nearly £20,000,
of which more than half was raised by subscription.
A list of the benefactors is subjoined :

£. t. d.

King George the first . . . 2000 0 0

King George the second . . . 3000^ 0 0

Arthur Aniiesley, earl of Anglesey, high-
steward of the university . . . 1000 0 0

Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset, chancellor
of the university ; James Brydges, duke of Chan-
dos ; Henry Boyle, lord Carleton, £500 each . 1500 0 0
Sir William Dawes, bart. archbishop of York 400 0 0
Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle ;
Henry Brydges, marquess of Carnarvon (after-
wards duke of Chandos) ; Charles Townshend,
viscount Townshend ; sir Robert Walpole, K.GL,
(afterwards earl of Orford) £300 each . . 1200 0 0

Edward Clarke, esq., esquire bedel . . 120 0 0

Hon. Thomas Willoughby, M.P. for the uni-
versity; rev. sir George Wheler, knt. canon of
Durham; sir Robert Raymond, attorney general
(afterwards chief-justice of the king's bench) ;
William Stanley, D.D., dean of S. Asaph, some-
time master of Corpus Christi college ; Thomas
Hill, D.D. ; John Rolle, esq. ; Charles Clarke,
M.A., archdeacon of Norwich ; rev. Rowland Hill,
M.A., rector of Hodnet, Shropshire, £100 each . 800 0 0

Hon. Robert Price, baron of the exchequer ;
sir Isaac Newton; Francis Hare, D.D., dean
of Worcester (afterwards bishop of Chichester) ;
John Millington, D.D. ; John Gaskarth, D.D.,
rector of Allhallows, Barking; Henry Raynes,

(a) Viz. £1000 when prince of Wales, and £2000 after his accession to
the crown.

THE SENATE-HOUSE. 55

£. s. d.

LL.D. ; Jonas Warley, archdeacon of Colchester ;
Jacob Houblon, esq. ; sir John Cheshyre,
serjeant-at-law, £50 each . . . 450 0 0

Eev. William Ayloffe, LL.D., fellow of Trinity
college, £40 ; Francis Dickens, LL.D., Regius pro-
fessor of civil law, £27. 6s. ; sir John Ayloffe,
bart. £25 ; dean and chapter of Durham, £21 ;
Michael Rutchinson, D.D. £21 ; Edward Northey,
esq. £21 ; dean and chapter of Ely, £20 ; John
Montagu, D.D., dean of Durham, sometime master
of Trinity college, £20 ; Walter Mills, M.D. £20 ;
Charles Longueville, esq. £20 ; John Lightwine,
fellow of Caius college, £20 ; James Bankes,
rector of Bury, Lancashire, £20 ; William Ashton,
rector of Prestwich, Lancashire, £20 . . 295 6 0

John Corbet, LL.D. ; Vincent Bourne, M.A.,
fellow of Trinity college ; Henry Barnard, M.B. ;
rev. Thomas Fitzgerald, M.A., £10. 10s. each . 42 0 0

John Thane, D.D., £5. 15s. ; Thomas Eden,
LL.D., canon of Durham, £5. 5s. ; Thomas Man-
gey, D.D., canon of Durham, £5. 5s. ; rev. Thomas
Sharpe, £5. 5s. ; rev. Thomas Clarke of Kirkleat-
ham, £5. 5s. ; Mr. Daston, £5. 5s. . 32 0 0

£10,839 6 0

Sir James Burrough, knt., master of Caius

college, towards finishing the western end (1764) 150 0 0

£10,989 6 0

The ground plan is a parallelogram and the
elevations present stylobates sustaining pilasters
and an entablature of the corinthian order, sur-
mounted by a balustrade. In the centre of the
southern front is a triangular pediment supported
by four attached columns, fluted and reeded. There
is a similar pediment at the eastern end where
the entrance is situate. At the western end is a
pediment supported by pilasters.

56 THE SENATE-HOUSE.

The capitals of the columns and pilasters are
copied from the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome.

Two tiers of architraved windows, the lower with
pediments alternately elliptical and triangular, and
the upper with arches are continued round the whole
structure: those at the western end are without
lights.

The interior consists of one spacious apartment
one hundred and one feet in length, forty-two feet
in breadth, and thirty-two feet in height. It is
surrounded on all sides by oaken galleries; the
gallery at the east end being supported by fluted
doric columns.

Pilasters of the doric order are placed on the
northern and southern sides, and at the western
end is the chancellor's seat under a pediment sus-
tained by four fluted doric columns.

On either side of the chancellor's seat are seats
for the doctors, noblemen, and heads of houses.

The floor is of black and white marble in alter-
nate squares.

The roof is divided by highly enriched beams
into quadrangular compartments each decorated with
a bold pendant ornament.

The upper part of the walls is wrought with
stucco into panels with appropriate embellishments.

This noble apartment is adorned with the follow-
ing statues :

King George I., by Rysbrack, presented by
Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend, in com-
pliance with the intentions of his father.

King George II., by Wilton, presented in 1766

THE SENATE-HOUSE. 57

by Thomas Holies Pelharn, duke of Newcastle,
chancellor of the university.

Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset, chancellor
of the university, by Rysbrack, presented in 1756
by the duke's daughters Charlotte marchioness of
Granby, and Charlotte lady Guernsey.

The right hon. William Pitt, high steward of the
university and for many years its representative in
parliament, by Nollekens, erected by public sub-
scription in June, 1812.(a)

The architect of this building was James Gibbs.
It has indeed been said that the credit of the design

(a) Where Mr. Pitt's statue stands was formerly one by Barrata, which
was given to the university in 1748 by Peter Burrell, esq. of S. John's
college, as a figure of Academic Glory. It came from Canons in Middlesex,
the seat of the duke of Chandos. As some said it represented queen Anne,
the more zealous of the whig party attempted to get rid of it. Two graces
for its removal from the senate-house were offered, but rejected, and
ultimately a letter of thanks to Mr. Burrell was agreed to. When, after
the lapse of sixty years, it was removed to make way for Mr. Pitt's statue,
a lady wrote the following epigram :

Sons of Sapience you here a fair emblem display,
For wherever Pitt went he drove Glory away.

It was thus indifferently answered :

Why thus exclaim and thus exert your wit
At making Glory here give place to Pitt ?
We'll raise his statue of the finest stone,
For never here a brighter glory shone.

On the 21st March, 1806, a grace for appointing a syndicate to consider
some mark of respect to Mr. Pitt's memory was offered to the senate,
but rejected by one dissentient in the caput. On the 24th a meeting of
the members of the senate was held at the master's lodge in Trinity college,
when it was unanimously resolved to honour the memory of the great
statesman by a statue to be placed in the senate-house. Upwards of
£7,400 was soon afterwards subscribed, but only half the amount was
called for. Four models were made, two by Bacon, one by Nollekens,
and one by Garrard. That of Nollekens was preferred, and he received
3000 guineas for the statue, which is considered his best performance.

58 THE SENATE-HOUSE.

is due to James Burrough, M.A., fellow of Caius
college, afterwards sir James Burrough and master
of that society. It is however hardly credible that
an architect of high reputation should execute the
design of a young amateur. Gibbs's style is every
where apparent, and moreover the design for the
senate-house appears in his published works. (a)

(a) Book of Architecture, plate 36. The senate-house was only a part
of Gibbs's plan. The whole building was to have been in the form of a half
H, the senate-house forming the northern wing. The centre was to contain
the library purchased by George I. of the executors of bishop Moore, and
presented by his majesty to the university, and the southern wing, corres-
ponding in character with the senate-house, was to have been used as a
consistory and registrars office. It was no doubt owing to the intention of
completing the whole design of Gibbs, that the western end of the senate-
house remained so long unfinished. Gibbs's plan led to a litigation between
Caius college and the university. See Cambridge Portfolio, 439-441.

I.XTKRIOll OF THE SOUTHF.UX SCHOOL.

THE SCHOOLS.

THE schools^ of the university form a small
quadrangle. All the rooms on the ground floor
were formerly used for academical disputations,
as was also a portion of the upper storey. At
the present time the university library occupies
the whole of the upper storey and one of the
rooms on the ground floor.

The northern side of the quadrangle contains,

(a) The great schools in the school street of Cambridge are mentioned
in a lease from John de Crachal, chancellor of the university, and the
assembly of the masters regent and non-regent, to Master William de
Alderford, priest, M.A., dated 10th February, 20 Edw. III. [1346-7].

60 THE SCHOOLS.

on the ground floor, the divinity school, built at
the expence of the university, aided by a benefac-
tion of forty marks from the executors of sir Robert
de Thorpe, lord chancellor of England and some-
time master of Pembroke hall, who died 29th June,
1372.(a) The executors of his brother and heir sir
William de Thorpe, (6) erected a chapel over it. By
a deed dated 12 cal. Jul. 1398, Eudo la Zouche,
LL.D., chancellor of the university, engaged that
on the second of the nones of May in every year,
the chancellor and every regent would meet in
the chapel and there solemnly cause to be cele-
brated exequies for the soul of sir William de
Thorpe, with a mass on the morrow with deacon
and subdeacon, and yearly on the 19th of November,
cause to be celebrated exequies for the soul of his
consort the lady Grace, with the like mass on the
morrow. It was further granted that every one
about to incept or read in divinity should swear
that on every day on which he read in the schools,
after the psalm Ad te levavi was finished, he would

(a) A memoir of sir Robert de Thorpe is given in Foss's Judges of
England, III. 526. His executors were sir John Knyvet, knight, John de
Harleston, clerk, Richard Treton, clerk, afterwards the second master of
Corpus Christi college, and John Breton, a layman.

(b) It is uncertain whether he were the person of this name who was
sometime chief justice of the king's bench and afterwards a baron of the
exchequer, and who is noticed in Foss's Judges of England, ill. 527-531.
His executors were Sir John de Roos, knight ; John Pechel, rector of S.
Andrew in Histon ; and Henry Hammond. Some particulars of sir William
de Thorpe's will are given in archbishop Parker's account of the erection
of the schools at the end of Dr. Drake's edition of De Antiquitate Bri-
iannica EcclesicK. Here it may be noted, that Dr. Caius's account of the
erection of the schools is very inaccurate, as was also the account which
archbishop Parker first published. Dr. Drake has availed himself of the
archbishop's corrected statement on the subject.

THE SCHOOLS. 61

not depart until he had said the psalm De profundis
for the souls of sir William and lady Grace, with
certain other prayers ; and graduates in all facul-
ties were to swear on their admission to say the
psalm De profundis and other prayers for the souls
of sir William and lady Grace before they departed
from the chapel.

The chapel (or new chapel as it was generally
termed) was used as the congregation or regent-house
until the senate-house was erected when it was added
to the university library. The arms of Thorpe are
in the western window of the apartment. The
divinity school has within the last few years been
also added to the university library.

The southern side contains on the ground floor
the philosophy school (now used by the professors
of law and physic), above which was the common
library afterwards termed the greater library. This
room was during part of the reign of Elizabeth
used by the divinity professors. It was afterwards
the greek school and now forms the first room in the
university library. This portion of the fabric, which
was commenced about the close of the fourteenth
century, seems not to have been finished till after

(a) Part of the site of the schools was acquired by the university in or be-
fore the reign of Edw. I., from a benefaction of Nigellus de Thornton, M.D.

On the feast of S. Dunstan, archbishop and confessor, 19 Ric. II.
[1395], Mary Suliard, prioress of the house of S. Leonard of Stratford at
Bow, in the county of Middlesex, and the convent of the same place,
granted to Thomas Kelsale, William Wymbel, Richard Baston, and John
Sudbury, clerks, their heirs and assigns, one curtilage with the ap-
purtenances lying in the town of Cambridge, in the lane called Schole-lane,
between the tenement of the hospital of S. John, commonly called the
hostel of the Holy cross on the south part, and the curtilage of Trinity college

62 THE SCHOOLS.

The western side contains on the ground floor
the logic school, and above an apartment which
was originally called the school of Terence, (ffl) and
was afterwards used as the civil law, greek, and
rhetoric schools. Early in the eighteenth century
the upper portion of this side of the quadrangle
was taken into the university library. This building
was commenced about 1458, in which year Laurence
Booth, bishop of Durham, (6) and chancellor of the
university, caused a collection to be made, as well
for finishing the southern side of the quadrangle
as for commencing this side. The collection was
made throughout the university from such who
hired chairs of canon and civil law, from those
who broke their words in taking their degrees,
from every religious person being a proprietary of
goods ten marks, from every religious man of the
order of begging friars eight marks, from every
rich parson a third part of his parsonage, and

[hall] on the north part, abutting on the Schole-lane towards the east, and
upon another garden of the same college [hall] on the west part. It is
supposed that the grantees were trustees for the university (William
Wymbel was proctor 1396, chancellor 1426, master of Clare hall 1429), and
that the curtilage was added to the site of the schools.

Other part of the site of the schools was purchased by the university
of William Hulles, prior of S. John of Jerusalem [1417-1431].

Walter Smyth, afterwards master of Corpus Christi college, was in 1457
appointed one of the syndics for building the schools.

About 1459, Corpus Christi college demised to Robert "VVoodlark,
chancellor, and the university, for 99 years, a piece of land containing 30
feet in length and 29 feet in breadth, at the annual rent of 2s., which was
regularly paid till after the restoration of Charles II. This piece of ground
which is said to have been the garden of S. Mary's hostel, forms part of the
site of the schools.

(a) In 1520 a fire broke out in the school of Terence, but it seems to
have occasioned little damage.

(6) Afterwards archbishop of York.

THE SCHOOLS. 63

from bishops and prelates what they pleased them-
selves to give.

This portion of the fabric was completed about
1474. Dr. Gray, Dr. Haywood, and Dr. Stoell
fellow of Peterhouse are mentioned as the syndics
under whose care the business was brought to a
termination.

The eastern side contained on the ground floor
the little schools, erected at the expense of the
university, above which was the minor library, built
and furnished at the charge of Thomas Rotheram,
chancellor of the university, and successively bishop
of Rochester and Lincoln, and archbishop of York.(0)

On the 13th of May, 1475, the university in
grateful acknowledgement of the munificence of
Rotheram, then bishop of Lincoln, in building a new
library and furnishing the same with books, decreed
that he should be for ever enrolled amongst the bene-
factors of the academic body, and that his name should
be specially recited by the priest who visited each
school to pray for the benefactors of the university.
Also that yearly during his life on the day on
which the masters resumed their lectures after the
feast of Easter, a mass should be celebrated, with
deacon and subdeacon, for the healthful security of
the state and persons of the whole body of bishops,
and that yearly after his death should be celebrated
exequies, with a morrow mass (such as was ac-
customed to be celebrated for deceased bishops), on
a day to be assigned by him or another on his behalf.

(a) Dr. Stoell fellow of Peterhouse, and Alan Sempre esquire bedel,
superintended the erection of this part of the building.

THE SCHOOLS.

OLD ENTRANCE GATEWAY TO THE SCHOOLS.

The eastern side of the quadrangle, which had
a very elegant entrance gateway, (a) was removed in
1755 to make way for a structure containing, on
the ground floor, an arcade and a small room used
as a lecture room by the Norrisian and other pro-
fessors, and above a commodious apartment forming
a portion of the university library.

John Herrys, who was mayor of Cambridge in
1404, gave £10 to the fabric, and at his own
charge paved the school street.

Humphrey Plantagenet, duke of Gloucester, K.G.,
who was murdered in 1446, and William Alnewyk,
successively bishop of Norwich and Lincoln, who
died 5th December, 1449, are said to have contributed
to the building of the schools.

(a) A portion of this gateway now forms the entrance to the stable yard
at Madingley hall. Francis Sandford states that in his time the badges
used by Richard duke of Gloucester, before his accession to the throne,
were over the gate, on the inside, in a compartment of stone.

THE SCHOOLS. 65

Sir John Fastolfe, E.G., who died 1459, bequeathed
a large sum for the erection of the schools of phi-
losophy and law.

Walter Breton, M.A., rector of Coltishall in Nor-
folk, and sometime fellow of King's college, was a
benefactor, and his rebus was placed in the windows
of the philosophy school.

John de Vere, earl of Oxford, K.G., who died
in 1514, was also a benefactor to the fabric.

John Sentuary, fellow of Corpus Christi college,
who died about 1519, paved the inner area of the
schools at his own expense.

John Mere, M.A., esquire bedel, who died 13th
April, 1555, having bequeathed money for charitable
uses, £40, part thereof, was applied to the repair
of the roof of the schools.

Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, in
1573, made at his own expence a new way leading
to the schools from Great S. Mary's. It was called
University street. (a)

The schools were in Fuller's time thus appro-
priated :

Northern side. 1. Divinity school. 2. Regent
house.

Southern side. 1. Logic or sophister's school.
2. The greek school.

Western side. 1. Philosophy or bachelor's school.
2. Physic and law schools.

(a) The other part of the area in front of the schools and senate-
house -was formed when the latter structure was erected, by the removal
of a considerable number of townsmen's houses, which were purchased by
the university.

VOL. III. F

DO THE SCHOOLS.

Eastern side. 1. Vestry and Consistory. 2.
Library.

In Loggan's time the appropriation of the quad-
rangle was as follows :

Northern side. 1. Divinity school. 2. Regent
house.

Southern side. 1. Sophister's school. 2. Library.

Western side. 1. Bachelor's school. 2. School
of Physic and Law.

Eastern side. 1. Consistory and Proctors' and
Taxors' court. 2. Minor library.

The sole ornament of the schools is the statue
of Academic Glory, adverted to in our notice of
the senate-house.

The schools are by no means remarkable for
architectural beauty, indeed Evelyn, in recording his
impressions of Cambridge on his visit in 1654, says
" The Schooles are very despicable."

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

THE following list of benefactors, which is more
complete than any which has hitherto appeared, will
be found to throw considerable light on the history
and progress of this institution :

Thomas Langley, bishop of Durham and cardinal, who died
in 1437, gave books.

Robert Abie, examiner general of the spiritual court at
York, bequeathed six volumes by will, dated 24th December,
1440.

Walter Crome, D.D., rector of S. Benedict Sherehog in
London, in 1452 gave MSS.

John de Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, K.G., designed a large
donation of books, but being beheaded in 1470 his intentions
could not be carried out.

John Gunthorpe, dean of Wells, and sometime master of
King's hall, gave the works of S. Jerome, in two volumes,
richly illuminated.

Thomas Rotheram, successively bishop of Rochester and
Lincoln, and ultimately archbishop of York, gave about
two hundred volumes.

Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of London, afterwards of Durham,
gave many books printed and MSS.

Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1574 gave
one hundred volumes, including twenty-five MSS. At the
same period the following donations were made by the
archbishop's procurement: — James Pilkington, bishop of Durham,
twenty volumes. Robert Home, bishop of Winchester, seventy-

68 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

one volumes. Sir Nicholas Bacon, lord keeper, one hundred
and three volumes in latin and greek,

Theodore Beza, of Geneva, in 1581 gave a valuable MS.
of the new testament in greek and latin. (tf)

Andrew Perne, D.D., dean of Ely, and master of Peterhouse,
successfully exerted himself to procure donations to the library,
and by will gave a collection of gold and silver coins and
antiquities now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, also the annual
sum of 40s. to the library keeper.

Richard Barnes, bishop of Durham, gave ten volumes.

William Chadertou, bishop of Chester, (afterwards of
Lincoln,) on 10th March, 1588-9, gave the Bomberg hebrew
bible, four volumes.

Thomas Lorkin, M.D., Regius professor of physic, in 1591
bequeathed a valuable collection of medical works.

William Cecil, lord Burghley, chancellor of the university,
gave a number of greek and latin authors in law and medicine.

John Lumley, lord Lumley, high steward of the university
of Oxford, but sometime student in Queens' college, Cambridge,
in 1598 gave eighty-four volumes.

Richard Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1610 be-
queathed his large and valuable collection of books to his
successors on certain conditions, otherwise to the college in
Chelsea if erected within six years, otherwise to the public
library of this university. (*>

Stephen Perse, M.D., senior fellow of Caius college, in 1615
bequeathed £100 towards building a new university library/')
on condition that the same were commenced within five years.

(a) Printed at the charge of the university, Camb. 2 TO!S. fol. 1793,
under the editorship of Thomas Kipling, D.D. A new edition by the rev.
F. H. Scrivener, M.A. of Trin. coll. is announced.

(5) In 1647 the books of archbishop Bancroft, with certain additions
made to the collection by archbishop Abbot were removed to Cambridge
under ordinances of parliament. They were almost all re-delivered to the
then archbishop of Canterbury in 1663. MS. Go. 7. 51 contains a catalogue
of the Lambeth library.

(c) The design of erecting a new library at Cambridge in imitation of
that at Oxford is mentioned in a letter from Thomas Lorkin to sir Thomas
Puckering, 20th August, 1614.

UNIVEKSITY LIBRARY. 69

George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, K.G., chancellor of
the university, announced his intention of erecting a new library
at his own expence, the estimated cost being £7000. The fulfil-
ment of the munificent design was frustrated by his assassination.
He had shortly before his death purchased a valuable collection
of oriental MSS. made by the famous Thomas Erpenius, with
the intention of presenting the same to the university, to which
body they were given by his widowed duchess.

Fulke Greville, lord Brooke, bequeathed £200 towards the
erection of a new library, with £100 a year for its endowment,
provided the building were finished within a prescribed period.

William Bedwell, M.A., sometime fellow of Trinity college,
in 1632 bequeathed a MS. arabic lexicon with types for printing
the same, also a copy of the Koran.

Sir John Wollaston, alderman of London, defrayed the cost
of the fittings up for the reception of the libraries of archbishops
Bancroft and Abbot.

In 1648 parliament voted £500(a> to purchase a collection
of oriental works, made by rabbi Isaac Pragius, and brought from
Italy by the famous bookseller George Thomason.(i)

Richard Holdsworth, D.D., sometime dean of Worcester, and
master of Emmanuel college, who died in 1649, bequeathed
10,095 volumes, whereof 186 were MSS. and 657 duplicates.*6)

Sir Symonds D'Ewes, bart., gave Collectio Vocum Sax-
onicarum (MS. LI. 1. 4.)

Francis Ash, merchant of London, in 1653 gave forty volumes.
Nicholas Hobart, M.A., fellow of King's college, in 1655 gave
a collection of greek and oriental MSS. acquired by him on
his journey to Constantinople.

Robert Balam gave a collection of autograph letters of
Peter Martyr.

Abraham Whelock, M.A., university librarian, and professor

(a) At the same time (24th March, 1647-8,) the commons voted £2000
towards building and finishing the public library, but it does not appear
that this grant was sanctioned by the lords.

(b) Catalogus Librorum diversis Italia? locis Emptorum Anno Dom.
1647, a "eorgio Thomasono Bibliopola Londinensi, &c. Lond 4to. 1647.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

of arable and anglo-saxon, gave a collection of books on
eastern and northern literature.

John Rant, sometime fellow of Caius college, in 1655 gave
five MSS.

Richard Foxton, alderman of Cambridge, sometime a student
in Emmanuel college, left £40 wherewith books were purchased
in 1656.

Alexander Ross, D.D. of Aberdeen, bequeathed £50 which
was in 1657 expended in the purchase of books.

Samuel Morland, M.A. of Magdalen college, (afterwards sir
Samuel Morland,) in 1658 gave a valuable collection of MSS.
relating to the affairs of the Waldenses.W

William Moore, M.A., fellow of Caius college, and librarian
to the university, who died in 1659, gave a MS. and printed
books, made several useful catalogues, and greatly exerted
himself to put the library in order.

Henry Lucas, esq., M.A. of S. John's college, sometime
burgess in parliament for the university, gave his whole library
consisting of about four thousand volumes/61

Tobias Rustat, esq., yeoman of the king's robes, by deed
dated 1 June, 1666, settled £1000 to be laid out in lands, the
rents to be applied in the purchase of the best and most useful
books for the library.

John Cosin, bishop of Durham, by deed dated 2nd Feb.
1668-9, covenanted to give the university £100 for the erection
of a commencement-house and new library, according to a
specified plan or model. ^ This sum to be paid as soon as the
ground on both sides of the Regent walk between King's and
Caius colleges was purchased, and when the ground was made
clear he covenanted to contribute £100 a year for four years if the
works were carried on vigorously without stop or delay.

Thomas Buck, M.A., esquire bedel and printer to the university,
gave twenty-six volumes.

(a) It appears that some of the documents given by Morland have long
been missing. Cat. Univ. Libr. MSS., i. 81.

(6) Catalogue in MS. Mm. 4. 27.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 71

John Hacket, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, bequeathed
above one thousand volumes.

Kobert Mapletoft, D.D., dean of Ely and master of Pembroke
hall, bequeathed £100 for the purchase of the books of Golius.

James Duport, D.D., dean of Peterborough, and master of
Magdalen college, bequeathed £100 to purchase books.

Edmund Castell, D.D., professor of arable, in 1685 bequeathed
all his MSS. in hebrew, syriac, Samaritan, persian, and arable.

Owen Mayfield, alderman of Cambridge, bequeathed a
collection of coins.

Joseph Beaumont, D.D., master of Peterhouse, and Regius
professor of divinity, bequeathed his MS. praslectiones in
seventeen 4to. volumes.

William Worts, M.A. of S. Catharine's hall, by will dated
21st June, 1709 gave a considerable portion of the annual pro-
ceeds of his real and personal estate to this library.

King George I., in 1715 presented the choice library of
John Moore, bishop of Ely, containing 30,755 volumes (whereof
1790 were MSS.) which his majesty had purchased for £6000,
or as some say 6000 guineas/0)

(a) Although he modestly disclaimed the honour there can be little
doubt that the king's munificence to the university was owing to a suggestion
of Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend.

Soon after the king presented bishop Moore's library to this university,
government were obliged to send to Oxford a squadron of horse to seize
certain Jacobite officers who had been turned out of the army and
were harboured there, thereupon a wit of that university produced this
epigram : —

The king observing, with judicious eyes,

The state of both his universities,

To one he sends a regiment ; For why ?

That learned body wanted loyalty.

To th' other books he gave, as well discerning

How much that loyal body wanted learning.

This occasioned the subjoined retort by Mr. (afterwards sir William)
Browne, which though commended by Dr. Johnson, has been considered
inferior to the original :

The king to Oxford sent his troop of horse :

For tories own no argument but force.

With equal care to Cambridge books he sent :

For whigs allow no force but argument.

72 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

Robert Cannon, D.D., sometime fellow of King's college,
gave a valuable MS. in the handwriting of King Edward VI.
being a treatise in french on the supremacy of the pope.

George Lewis, archdeacon of Meath, in 1727 presented
a cabinet of oriental MSS., coins and curiosities/")

Thomas Baker, B.D., sometime fellow of S. John's college,
in 1740 bequeathed eighteen volumes of his MS. historical
collections, also several valuable printed books with his
annotations thereon.

Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, LL.D., master of Trinity hall, in 1741
bequeathed £500 towards the charge of rebuilding part of the
library, and in the same year the rev. Robert Tillotson, M.A.,
fellow of Clare hall, bequeathed £30 for the same purpose.

Roger Gale, esq., F.S.A., of Scruton in the county of York,
in 1744 bequeathed his cabinet of roman coins, with a com-
plete catalogue of them drawn up by himself. W

In 1754, and the seven following years, £9288 was raised
by subscription for enlarging the library. {c) This sum (with

(a) There is a printed catalogue of archdeacon Lewis's collection.

(b) Of this catalogue twenty copies were printed by John Nichols, 4to.
1780, for the use of particular friends. The Gale coins are now in the
Fitzwilliam museum.

£. «. d.

King George II. . . . 3000 0 0

Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle, chancellor of
the university ..... 1000 0 0

Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, lord chancellor of Great
Britain, and high steward of the university . . 300 0 0

Hon. Edward Finch and Hon. Thomas Townshend,
i embers in parliament for the university, £250 each . 500 0 0

Thomas Herring, archbishop of Canterbury, John
Manners, marquess of Granby, Henry Pelham Clinton, earl
of Lincoln, Robert D'Arcy, earl of Holderness, Francis
Godolphin, earl of Godolphin, John Ashburnham, earl of
Ashburnham, Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, Thomas
Sherlock, bishop of London, Matthias Mawson, bishop of
Ely, £200 each ..... 1800 0 0

Mathew Hutton, archbishop of York, (afterwards of
Canterbury,) John Ryder, archbishop of Tuam, Charles
Watson Wentworth, marquess of Rockingham, Thomas
Thynne, viscount Weymouth, Benjamin Hoadley, bishop of

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 73

the legacies of sir Nathaniel Lloyd, and the rev. Robert
Tillotson) was expended in rebuilding the eastern front.W

John Newcome, D.D., dean of Rochester, and master of
S. John's college, bequeathed in 1765, £500 for the purchase of
theological books.

George Lewis, M.A., sometime fellow of Jesus college, and
son of the archdeacon of Heath of the same name, gave in 1770
a richly illuminated persian MS.

£. •. d.

Winchester, Frederick Cornwallis, bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry, (afterwards archbishop of Canterbury), John Thomas,
bishop of Lincoln, (afterwards of Salisbury), Zachary Pearce,
bishop of Rochester, Anthony Ellys, bishop of S. David's,
Richard Osbaldeston, bishop of Carlisle, (afterwards of London),
Benjamin Keene, bishop of Chester, (afterwards of Ely),
Sir William Ashburnham, bishop of Chichester, Dr. Philip
Yonge, bishop of Bristol (afterwards of Norwich), John
Garnett, bishop of Clogher, William Barnard, bishop of
Derry, Hon. Charles Yorke, solicitor general, Sir Thomas
Clarke, master of the rolls, Sir Thomas Salusbury, judge of
the admiralty, Sir George Savile, bart. Sir Thomas Robinson,
K.B, Roger Petti ward, D.D., £100 each . . . 2100 0 0

Richard Chenvenix bishop of Waterford, Sir Edward
Wilmot, M.D., John Fountayne, D.D., dean of York, John
Green, D.D., dean (afterwards bishop) of Lincoln, William
Heberden, M.D., Robert Taylor, M.D., Soame Jenyns, esq.,
M.P. £50 each ..... 350 0 0

John Taylor, LL.D., canon residentiary of S. Paul's . 40 0 0

Penniston Booth, D.D., dean of Windsor, Hugh Thomas,
D.D., dean of Ely, Charles Moss, D.D., archdeacon of Col-
chester (afterwards bishop of Bath and Wells), Roger Long,
D.D., master of Pembroke hall, John Sumner, D.D., provost
of King's college, Thomas Chapman, D.D., master of Magdalen
college, Christopher Wilson, D.D., canon residentiary of S.
Paul's (afterwards bishop of Bristol) £21 each . 147 0 0

Edward Barnard, D.D., master of Eton school. . 20 0 0

Richard Etough, M.A., rector of Ther6eld, £10. 10s. John
Keet, M.A., rector of Hatfield, £10. 10*. Theophilus Lowe,
M.A., canon of Windsor, £10 .... 31 0 0

£9288 00

(a) The first stone was laid with much solemnity by the duke of New-
castle, chancellor of the university, 30th April, 1755. The architect was
Stephen Wright.

74 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

William Burrell, esq., LL.D. of S. John's college, (afterwards
sir William Burrell) in 1772 presented a collection of Chinese
books.

Gilbert Bouchery, M.A., sometime fellow of Clare hall, in
1778 gave two arabic MSS.

William Petty, earl of Shelburne (afterwards marquess of
Lansdowne), gave a greek MS.

The rev. Henry Turner, B.D., vicar of Burwell, in 1786
gave a MS. containing transcripts of ancient and curious docu-
ments relative to the town of Cambridge.

Sir James Marriott, LL.D., master of Trinity hall, gave
various books, including a turkish MS.

Edward Daniel Clarke, John Marten Cripps, and Bridges
Harvey, of Jesus college, Robert Walpole of Trinity college,
and John Spencer Smith, sometime minister at the Ottoman
porte, presented greek marbles.

Joseph Merrill, of Cambridge, bookseller, in 1805 bequeathed
£200, the annual interest to be laid out in purchasing books for
the library.

Francis Maseres, M.A., cursitor baron of the exchequer, and
sometime fellow of Clare hall, gave books at various periods,
and in 1806 presented MSS. of John Colson, Lucasian pro-
fessor.

Claudius Buchanan, D.D., in 1809 presented about eighty
volumes of oriental MSS. and printed books.

John Louis Burckhardt, the celebrated traveller, in 1817
bequeathed 300 volumes of arabic MSS.

John Palmer, B.D., arabic professor, gave in 1824 six
arabic MSS.

Peter Paul Dobree, M.A., Regius professor of greek, in
1825 bequeathed 182 volumes of classical books printed
and MSS.

The rev. John Manistre, M.A., fellow of King's college,
in 1829 bequeathed £5000, the interest to be applied in the
purchase of books.

Basil Montagu, esq. M.A.W of Christ's college, gave a large

(n) Mr. Montagu in 1805 published a pamphlet in support of the claims
of the university library, under the then copyright act.

UNIVEESITY LIBRARY. 75

and valuable collection of the various editions of the printed
works of Francis Bacon.

In 1835 and the following year upwards of £21,000(a) was

(a) Subjoined are the names of the principal subscribers : —
Gilbert Ainslie, D.D., master of Pemb. coll. £105; George Biddell Airy,
M.A., astronomer royal, £50; Sir Edward Hall Alderson, baron of the
exchequer, £52. 10s.; sir John Beckett, LL.D., £52. 10s.; John Bell, M.A.
ofTrin. coll. £105; Henry Bickersteth, M.A., (afterwards lord Langdale)
£52. 10s.; Charles James Blomfield, bishop of London, £300; James
Brogden, M.A. Trin. coll. £100; rev. John Brown, M.A. Trin. coll. £105;
Samuel Butler, D.D. (afterwards bishop of Lichfield) £52. 10s. ; George
Gough Calthorpe, lord Calthorpe, £100 ; the master and fellows of Caius
coll. £200; rev. John Bassett Campbell, M.A., Trin. coll. £50; John
Bonham Carter, M.p. £50; rev. William Carus, M.A., Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ;
William Cavendish, earl of Burlington (now duke of Devonshire,
and chancellor of the university), £105 ; William Chafy, D.D.
master of Sidney coll. £105; Edward Clive, viscount Clive (after-
wards earl of Powys) £50; hon. Robert Henry Clive, LL.D, £50 ;
Spencer J. A. Compton, marquess of Northampton, £60 ; John Singleton
Copley, lord Lyndhurst, £50 ; the master and fellows of Corpus Christi coll.
£105; rev. George William Craufurd, M.A. King's coll. £100; John Cust,
earl of Brownlow, £50; Martin Davy, D.D. master of Caius coll. £105;
Peter Debary, B.D. Trin. coll. £105 ; John and Joseph Jonathan Deighton,
booksellers, Cambridge, £50 ; Henry Douglas, M.A. S. John's coll. £50 ;
Laurence Dundas, lord Dundas, (afterwards earl of Zetland,) £100; Robert
Dundas, viscount Melville, £50 ; the provost and fellows of Eton coll. £100 ;
rev. Robert Wilson Evans, M.A. Trin. coll. £105; rev. Frederick Field,
M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ; Thomas Fisher and sons, bankers, Cambridge,
£52. 10s. ; lord Augustus Fitzclarence, £50; Henry Fitzmaurice, marquess
of Lansdowne, £100; George Henry Fitzroy, duke of Grafton, £200;
Charles William Wentwnrth Fitzwilliam, earl Fitzwilliam, £100; William
Charles Wentworth Fitzwilliam, viscount Milton, £50; William French,
D.D. master of Jesus coll. £105; Bartholomew Frere, M.A. Trin. coll.
£52. 10s. ; rev, James William Geldart, LL.D., Regius professor of civil law,
£52. 10s. ; Joseph Goodall, D.D., provost of Eton coll. £105; rev. Thomas
Stephen Gosset, M.A. Trin. coll. £100; right hon. Henry Goulburn, M.P.
£105; John Graham, D.D. master of Christ's coll. (now bishop of Chester),
£105; sir Robert Graham, LL.D., sometime baron of the exchequer, £105 ;
rev. Robert Hodgson Greenwood, M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ; hon. and rev.
George Neville Grenville, M.A., master of Magdalen college, £105; John
Haviland, M.D., Regius professor of physic, £52. 10s.; Edward Craven
Hawtrey, D.D., Eton coll. £50; John Moore Heath, M.A., Trin. coll.
£52. 10s.; Thomas Henry Hope, M. P., £105; John Hutton, M.A. Christ's
coll. £100; rev. John Hymers M.A., S. John's coll. £50; Edward Jacob,

76 tJNtvERsmr LIBRARY.

collected by subscription for erecting an addition to the

M.A., Caius coll. £52. 10s.; John Kaye, bishop of Lincoln, £210; rev.
Richard Edward Kerrich, MJL, Christ's coll. £50 ; S. K. £50; the provost
and fellows of King's coll. £300 ; hon. Marmaduke Langley, (late Dawnay,)
M.A. Trin. coll. 100; hon. Charles Ewan Law, M.P. £105; rev. William
Law, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; rev. William Lax, M.A. Lowndean professor,
£100; Thomas Le Blanc, LI,D. master of Trin. hall, £105; Samuel Lee,
D.D. Regius professor of hebrew, £50; Alexander William Crawford
Lindsay, lord Lindsay, £105 ; sir Joseph Littledale, justice of the king's
bench, £105; rev. John Lodge, M.A., librarian of the university, £105;
rev. Francis William Lodington, B.D., Clare hall, £52. 10s. ; Charles Long,
lord Farnborough, £105; rev. William Long, LL.B., canon of Windsor,
£50; William Lowther, earl of Lonsdale, £100; the master and fellows
of Magd. coll. £105; Edward Maltby, bishop of Chichester, (afterwards
of Durham) £105; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland, E.G., £100;
Herbert Marsh, bishop of Peterborough, £250 ; rev. Francis Martin, M.A.
Trin. colL £52. 10s.; William Hallows Miller, M.A. professor of mineralogy,
£50 ; James Henry Monk, bishop of Gloucester, £210 ; William Moody,
M.A., Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; rev. Edmund Mortlock, M.A. Christ's coll £50;
Thomas Mortlock, SLA., S. John's coll. £52. 10s. ; Richard Aldworth Neville,
lord Braybrooke, £105 ; sir James Parke, LL.D. (now lord Wensleydale,)
£50 ; rev. George Peacock, M.A. Trin. coll. £105 ; right hon. William Yates
Peel, M.P. £52. 10s.; Charles George Perceval, lord Arden, £50; Hugh
Percy, duke of Northumberland, K.G., £500 ; rev. Charles Perry, (now bishop
of Melbourne) £105; William Portal, M.A., S. John's coll. £50; John
Jeffreys Pratt, marquess Camden, K.G. chancellor of the university £500;
Joseph Procter, D.D. master of Cath. hall, £105; James Robinson, M.A.
S. Peter's college, £105; rev. Joseph Romilly, MJU registrary, £105;
Dudley Ryder, earl of Harrowby, £100; James Scarlett, lord Abinger,
£50; rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A. Woodwardian professor, £105; rev.
William Selwyn, M.A. St. John's colL £52. 10s.; rev. Joseph Shaw, M.A.
Christ's coll. £50; rev. Richard Sheepshanks, M.A. Trin coll. £105; rev.
Charles Simeon, M.A. King's coll. £105; rev. George Skinner, M.A.
Jesus coll. £105; Bowyer Edward Sparke, bishop of Ely, £500; rev.
Edward Bowyer Sparke, M.A. S. John's coll. £50; right hon. Thomas
Spring Rice (now lord Monteagle), £50; Thomas Starkie, M.A. Down-
ing professor of law, £52. 10s. ; rev. Thomas Henry Steel, M.A. Trin.
colL £52. 10s.; John Stuart, marquess of Bute, £105; Charles Manners
Sutton, viscount Canterbury, £105; Thomas Manners Suit on, lord
Manners, £50; rev. Henry Tasker, M.A., Pemb. coll. £52. 10s.; Ralph
Tatham, B.D. public orator, £50; George Thackeray, D.D. provost of
King's colL £105; rev. Connop Thirlwall, M.A. (now bishop of S. David's)
£50 ; rev. Thomas Thorp, MJL Trin. colL £105 ; sir Nicholas C. Tindal,
chief-justice of the common pleas, £105; rev. George Townsend, MJU
Trin. coll. £50 ; rev. George Robert Tuck, M.A., Emman. colL £50 ; Thomas

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 77

buildings. (a)

Charles Sutton, D.D., of S. John's college, in 1836 presented
the valuable MS. collections of Adam Wall, M.A., fellow of
Christ's college, (MS. Oo. 5. 40-52).

The rev. Robert William Johnson, M.A., of Magdalen
college, about 1840 gave a MS. translation by Edward
Courtenay, earl of Devonshire.

The rev. Charles Bayles Broadley, LL.D., of Trinity college,
gave the full score MS. of Dr. Walmisley's ode on the installa-
tion of the duke of Northumberland, and Dr. Walmisley gave
the MS. of Dr. Boyce's music for the ode on the installation
of the duke of Newcastle.

John Percy Baumgartner, esq., in 1859 gave MSS. collected
by Dr. Samuel Knight, including the correspondence of John
Strype and the autobiography of bishop Patrick.

Henry Hazard, of Cambridge, merchant, in 1859 pre-
sented the Cambridge Journal, 19th September 1747, to Sep-
tember 1750, and the Cambridge Chronicle, 30th October
1762, to December 1788. [Some of the volumes are unique.]

The rev. Leonard Jenyns, M.A. of S. John's college, in
1861 gave MSS. of Leonard Chappelow, professor of arabic,
Leonard Chappelow his nephew.

The following donations have been made towards the ex-
tension of the library buildings: Rev. Thomas Halford, M.A.
Jesus college, £2000 ; Edward Maltby, bishop of Durham, £100 ;
Benedict Chapman, D.D., master of Caius college, £50 ; Robert

Turton, D.D. dean of Peterborough (now bishop of Ely), £105 ; John Charles
Villiers, earl of Clarendon, £105 ; rev. Randall Ward, M.A. Trin. coll. £50 ;
rev. Richard Waterfield, B.D. Emman. coll. £50; rev. Samuel Wilkes
Waud, M.A. Magd. coll. £52. 10s. ; rev. William Whewell, M.A. Trin. coll.
£105 ; William Henry Whitbread, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s. ; James Wood
D.D. dean of Ely and master of S. John's coll. £105; Christopher Words-
worth, D.D. master of Trin. coll. £210; rev. Christopher Wordsworth, M.A.
Trin. coll. £52. 10s.; John Wordsworth, M.A. Trin. coll. £52. 10s.;
Charles Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, LL.D. £50.

(a) The old quadrangle of King's college was purchased by the uni-
versity in 1829, for £12,000.

The first stone of the new library was laid by Gilbert Ainslie, D.D.
vice-chancellor, 29th September, 1837. The architect was Charles Robert
Cockerell. esq., R.A.

78 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

Moon, esq., M.A., fellow of Queens' college, £100; rev. Joseph
Power, M.A., librarian of the university £50 ; Edwin Guest,
LL.D., master of Caius college, £50; George Peacock, D.D.,
dean of Ely, £100.

The library occupies all the upper portion of
the school quadrangle, the northern side of the
lower portion of that quadrangle and the upper
portion of a building erected 1837-40, and which
forms part of a court intended to occupy the whole
site of the library and schools, and the old court
of King's college. This building is hereafter re-
ferred to as the new library, the lower portion
being appropriated to the museum of natural history.

The entrance to the library is by a handsome
staircase situate at the south eastern angle of the
building. The southern, western, and northern
rooms have an antique appearance. At the junction
of the southern and western rooms is a square
apartment with a handsome dome. The ceiling of
the northern room is of quaint character, having
thereon the arms of John Jegon, D.D., master of
Corpus Christi college, afterwards bishop of Norwich.
In the western window of this room are the arms
of Thorpe. The eastern room, erected 1755, has
an elaborately decorated ceiling, and at either end
are handsome doorways. The new library is a
spacious lofty apartment, decorated with Ionic
columns, having galleries on either side, and a
vaulted roof. In the eastern window are the arms
of the university, archbishop Rotheram, bishop
Tunstall, John Jeffreys Pratt, marquess Camden, E.G.,
chancellor of the university, Gilbert Ainslie, D.D.,

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 79

vice-chancellor, 1836-7, Thomas Worsley, M.A., vice-
chancellor, 1837-8, William Hodgson, D.D., vice-
chancellor, 1838-9, and Ralph Tatham, D.D., vice-
chancellor, 1839-40. In the western window are the
arms of Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, K.G.,
successively high steward, and chancellor of the
university.

The following portraits are suspended in the
library and on the staircase leading thereto :

Richard de Ling, chancellor of the university, 1339, 1345,
and 1351, (presented by Mr. Patterson of Hull, 1810).

Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby.

John Colet, D.D., dean of S. Paul's.

Erasmus.

John Young, D.D., successively fellow of S. John's and
Trinity colleges, and master of Pembroke hall.(°)

Edmund Grindal, archbishop of Canterbury.

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, K.G., high steward of
the university.

William Cecil, lord Burghley, E.G., chancellor of the
university.

Queen Elizabeth.

John Whitgift, archbishop of Canterbury.

Theodore Beza, (purchased by the university about 1846).

Richard Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury.

Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, K.G., chancellor of the
university.

King James I. (two. One a full length, curious).

George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, K.G., lord high
admiral, and chancellor of the university.

George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury.

King Charles I., (two. One a full length, when prince
of Wales, curious. The other a head, by Vandyke).

Peter Gunning, bishop of Ely.

(a) On the picture he is stated to have died 7th April, 1579, set. 67. In
Athena Cantalriyienses, i. 428, it is said that he died in October, 1580.

80 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

King Charles II. (two).

John Moore, bishop of Ely.

Charles Townshend, viscount Townshend, E.G. (by Isaac
Whood).

Nicholas Saunderson, LL.D., Lucasian professor (bequeathed
by rev. Thomas Kerrich, M.A., principal librarian, 1828).

Roger Gale, esq.

Conyers Middleton, D.D., principal librarian, (presented by
Mrs. Heberden, 1802).

Sir Thomas Gooch, bishop of Ely.

Sir Benjamin Keene, K.B., (in crayons — presented by Bayly
Wallis, D.D.)

John Colson, Lucasian professor.

Anthony Shepherd, D.D., Pluraian professor, (by Vander-
puyle).

John Nicholson, bookseller of Cambridge, commonly called
Maps, (by Reinagle).

Richard Porson, M.A., Regius professor of greek, (by John
Hoppner, E.A., — presented by Mrs. Esther Raine, of Richmond,
Yorkshire, 1833).

Henry Martyn, B.D., fellow of S. John's college, (presented
by the rev. Charles Simeon, M.A.).

There are also busts of

Rev. Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D., librarian, (by Chantrey).
Rev. Charles Simeon, M.A., senior fellow of King's college,
(by S. Manning, 1855).

Both these busts were purchased by subscription.

At the foot of the staircase is a small collection
of greek and eastern marbles, including the statue
of Ceres from Eleusis, and the Rosetta inscription.

Under the copyright act (6 and 7 Will. IV. c. 45)
this library is entitled to a copy of every work pub-
lished in the united kingdom.

In addition to its endowments the library is sup-
ported by a contribution of six shillings a year from
each member of the university (sizars excepted).

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 81

The number of printed books is about two
hundred thousand, and there are above three thou-
sand MSS. The library is particularly rich in early
printed english books.

A catalogue of the Burckhardt MSS. by the rev.
Theodore Preston, M.A., fellow of Trinity college,
was published Camb. 4to., 1853; and a catalogue
of the remaining oriental MSS., by professor
Williams, has been announced.

A catalogue of the other MSS. is in course of
publication. It is intended to be comprised in five
volumes 8vo., four of which have already appeared.

The management of the library is delegated by
the senate to a syndicate consisting of the vice-
chancellor and sixteen other members of the senate,
of whom four retire annually by rotation.

The librarian is appointed by the senate, and
there are several assistants appointed by the syndi-
cate, with the sanction of the senate. (a)

With the exception of MSS. rare books and works
of reference, a limited number of volumes can be
taken out for a quarter of a year, by doctors of
divinity, law, and physic, bachelors of divinity,
masters of arts and of law. Bachelors of physic
and bachelors of arts and of law enjoy the like
privilege through their tutors. All members of the
university have access to the library, and others,
who are not members of the academic body, can
obtain permission from the syndicate to use the
library for purposes of study and research. The

(a) There -were, from 1721 to 1828, two librarians. The officers were
formally conjoined by grace of the senate, 9th April, 1845.

VOL. III. G

82 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.

existing regulations are of the most liberal character,
and it may safely be asserted that this is by far
the most useful public library in the kingdom. (a]

(a) The following ancient regulations are curious :
Articles for the office of keeping the Universitie Librarie, made
Anno 1582.

1. Inprimis that there be a tripartite inventory indented, containing
the names of all the bookes, and the number of leaves of all written
bookes, the one part to remaine with the Vice-Chancellour for the tyme
being; the other in the University Chest, and the 3rd with the Keeper
of the Library.

2. Item, all written books and all other bookes of Imagery with
colours, all Globes, Astroglobes, and all other Instruments mathematicall,
with all other books mathematicall or Historicall (such as shall be
thought meet by the Vice-Chauncellor) to be safely locked up in some
convenient place within the Library with 2 several locks and keys,
whereof the one key to remain with the Vice- Chancellor, and the other
to remain with the keeper of the Library.

3. Item, the Keeper to be bound by obligacion with sureties in
two hundredth pounds to preserve safly all and every one of the
books not locked up &c., ut supra, and to give accompt for them once
in the yeare to the Vice-Chancellour and the Auditors of the Generall
Accompt; or at any other tyme once in the yeare required thereunto
by the Vice-Chancellor or his deputy. And if any book, or part of
any book, shall be taken or gone out of the said Library, or any
defaced or cutt, the said keeper shall restore the same againe, or
another of that kynd of the like goodnes, within three months or else
lose his office and pay the 3 parte value of the books imbecilled or
otherwise cut or defaced.

4. Item, he shall attend and be in readiness the whole year throughout
in terme time, excepte all Sondayes and holydayes : that is to say,
from eighte of the clock until tenn in the forenone, and from one to
three in the afternone; so that all masters of arte, batchelours of law
or physick, or any other of the university above that degree, may
have free accesse to the bookes of the saide librarie : so that at one
time there be not more than tenne in the said librarie together, (excepte
the straungers that come only to see and not to tarry) ; and that none
of them tarry above one houre at one booke at one tyme, if any other
shall desire to use the sayd booke, Provided always, that if any straunger
shall come to see or peruse any of the bookes therein, that then at
the request of any master of artes, batchelour of lawes or physick, or
other of superior Degree, either within the foresayd hours, or at any
other tyme of the day, (so it be betweene the sun riseing and setting) the

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 83

It is open daily from ten to four, except on
Saturdays, when it is closed at one. There are
however a few holidays, and at prescribed times
the library is necessarily closed for short periods.

sayd keeper shall not refuse, notwithstanding tenne already be within,
to admit more as strangers into the sayd Library.

5. Item, that no book or any Instrument be lent or alienated out
of the Library, but by speciall Licence and grace of the University,
upon payne of forfeiture of 3 parte valew of any book or instrument
lent or alienated, to be answered by such as are keepers of the kejs
of the doores and desks of the Librarie.

6. Item, If any chaine clasps Bosse or such like decay happen to
be, the sayd keeper to signify the same unto the Vice-chancellour
within three days after he shall spy such default, to the ende the same
may be amended: and that before the sayd keeper goe forth of the
library, either in the forenoone or afternoone, he shall view all the books,
and if any be left open or out of their due place, he shall safly close
them up and sett them in their places.

7. Item, that the Keeper of the Library that now is, and all other
to be chosen hereafter, shall continue in his office by the space of three
yeares, unlesse upon his misbehavour he shal be thought by the Universitie
meete to be deprived. And the sayd keeper to have and receive yearly
for his stipende and wages, five marks of lawfull money of England, to
be payd unto him quarterly, by even porcions, by the hand of Mr. Vice-
Chancellour for the tyme beinge.

THE PITT PRESS.

AMONGST the printed books given by archbishop
Parker to Corpus Christi college is Margarita elo-
quentiae castigatse by Frater Laurentius Gririlielmi
de Traversanis of Savona a minorite friar, at the end
whereof is : —

Compilatum autem fuit hoc opus in alrna universitate
Cantabrigie, anno Domini, 1478, die et 6 Julij, quo die
festum Sancte Marthe recolitur. Sub protectione serenissimi
regis anglorum Eduardi quarti.

This colophon has given rise to an opinion that
the work was printed in Cambridge. It has how-
ever been ascertained that the types are those used
by Caxton, and there can be little doubt that the book
was printed by him at Westminster about 1479.(a)

(a) It was printed also at S. Albans in 1480.

THE PITT PEESS. 85

John Siberch, a german, was settled in Cam-
bridge as a printer in 1521. He is known to have
printed seven books here in that year and two in
the year following. One of the books printed here
by him in 1521 was Linacre's translation of Galen
de Temperamentis. It is supposed to be the earliest
book printed in England which contains greek
characters, but there are greek characters in other
of Siberch's books of the same date. No produc-
tion of his press subsequently to 1522 appears to
be known.

In 1529 the university presented a petition to
cardinal Wolsey, that for the suppression of error
there should be three booksellers allowed in Cam-
bridge by the king who should be sworn not to
bring in or sell any book which had not been
approved by the censors of books in the university,
that such booksellers should be men of reputation
and gravity and foreigners (so it should be best
for the prizing of books,) and that they might
have the privilege to buy books of foreign mer-
chants.

On the 20th of July, 1534, Henry VIII., by
letters patent, gave and granted his royal license
to the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the uni-
versity that they might assign and elect from time
to time, by writing under the seal of the chancellor,
three stationers and printers, or sellers of books,
residing within the university, who might be either
aliens or natives, and might hold and occupy either
their own or hired houses. The stationers or printers
thus assigned and every of them, were empowered

THE PITT PRESS.

to print all manner of books approved of by the
chancellor or his vicegerent and three doctors,
and to sell and expose to sale in the university or
elsewhere within the realm, as well such books
as other books printed within or without the realm
and approved of by the chancellor or his vice-
gerent and three doctors. If aliens these stationers
or printers were empowered to reside in the uni-
versity in order to attend to their business, and
j

were to be reputed and treated as the king's faithful
subjects and lieges, and to enjoy the same liberties,
customs, laws, and privileges, and to pay and con-
tribute to lot, scot, tax, tallage, and other customs
and 'impositions as the other subjects and lieges of
the king. Provided that the said stationers or
printers being aliens paid all customs, subsidies,
and other monies for their goods and merchandises
imported or exported as other aliens.

On the 21st of August following, Nicholas Speryng,
Garrat Godfrey, and Segar Nycholson were ap-
pointed stationers of the university during their
lives.

On the 18th of July, 1577, lord Burghley,
chancellor of the university, wrote to the vice-
chancellor and the heads, with reference to their
intention of bringing the exercise of printing into the
university, for which purpose they had engaged
John Kingston, a noted London printer whom they
purposed to protect with the university privilege to
print psalters, books of common prayer, and other
books in english, for which the queen had already
granted special privileges to William Seres, Richard

THE PITT PRESS. 87

Jugg, John Day and others. His lordship dis-
approved of any attempts to prejudice the queen's
grants, but thought they might employ an artificer
for printing matters pertaining to the schools.
Nothing appears to have resulted from the negotiations
with John Kingston, although he was formally
appointed university printer in 1577.

Thomas Thomas, M.A., sometime fellow of King's
college, was constituted printer to the university,
3rd of May 1582, but nothing appeared from his
press till 1584. This was occasioned by the sta-
tioners' company of London having seized his press
in 1583. From 1584 till his death in August, 1588,(a)
he published a variety of works.

John Legate, citizen and stationer of London,
was appointed printer to the university, 2nd Novem-
ber, 1588. He met with much opposition from
the stationers' company. A considerable number
of books however issued from his press. He died
in or about 1626. He used the impression of " Alma
Mater Cantabrigia," and about it " Hinc Lvcem et
pocvla sacra."

On 6th Feb. 1627-8, Charles I. granted a charter
to the university, reciting the grant of Henry VIII.
respecting stationers or printers, the act of queen
Elizabeth confirmatory of the university charters,
the grants to the company of stationers in London,
a decree respecting printing of the court of star-
chamber 28th Elizabeth, and a proclamation of
James I. for observance of that decree, and moreover

(a) See a memoir of Thomas in Athense Cantabrigienses, ii. 29.

88 THE PITT PRESS.

reciting that doubts had arisen whether the printers
of the university could print and sell any of the
books specified in the grants to the stationers'
company : in order to abolish all such ambiguities
to put an end to all controversies, and for the
encouragement of learning, he ratified the recited
grant of Henry VIII., and declared that the uni-
versity by their stationers and printers might print
and expose to sale within the university or elsewhere
within his dominions, all books which he or queen
Elizabeth or king James I. had licensed to any
person or persons, bodies politic or corporate what-
soever, and also all other books whatsoever printed
or to be printed, or which had been, or should be,
by the chancellor, &c., allowed as fit to be put to
sale, any letters patent or any prohibition, restraint,
clause, or article in any letters patent whatsoever,
notwithstanding.

In 1696 the university press was renovated
principally through the exertions and agency of
Dr. Richard Bentley, afterwards master of Trinity
college. New buildings were erected and new presses
and new types obtained by a public subscription,
aided by a sum of £1000 which the senate borrowed
for the purpose. A grace appointing a syndicate
for the management of the press passed the senate
21st January, 1697-8.

In 1758 the court of king's bench decided that
the printers of this university had a concurrent
power with the king's printer to print acts of
parliament and abridgement thereof.

The universities of Cambridge and Oxford and

THE PITT PRESS. 89

the company of stationers for nearly two hundred
years enjoyed the exclusive privilege of printing
almanacks. For many years these universities leased
this privilege of printing almanacks to the company
which paid each body above £500 a year. In 1775
a bold London printer, Thomas Carnan by name,
successfully overthrew the monopoly, and obtained
a declaration of a court of law that the right of
printing almanacks was a common law right over
which the crown had no controul, and thereupon
the stationers' company discontinued their payments
to the universities.

In 1779 a bill was introduced into the house of
commons to vest the sole right of printing almanacks
in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and
the company of stationers of London. Thomas
Carnan petitioned against the bill and was allowed
to be heard by his counsel (Messrs. Davenport and
Erskine), and immediately after they had been heard
the house divided, and the motion for the com-
mittal of the bill was negatived by sixty against
forty.

In 1781 an act passed granting to each of the
universities of Oxford and Cambridge £500 per
annum as a compensation for the loss sustained
by the decision on the right of printing almanacks.
The sum payable under that act to this university
was, by grace of the senate, llth June, 1782,
placed at the disposal of the syndics of the press
for the publication of new works or fresh editions of
old works.

In 1804 the universities of Oxford and Cam-

THE PITT PEESS.

bridge obtained an injunction from the court of
chancery restraining William, John, and James
Eichardson from publishing the bible and the
book of common prayer. They had sold in London
copies of these works printed by the king's printers
in Scotland. They presented an appeal to the
house of lords which was dismissed.

The university printing-house was formerly in
Mill lane, extending to Silver street near Queens'
college. It was a mean house, and in many respects
inconvenient.

On the death of the right hon. William Pitt
many distinguished personal friends of the great
statesman and admirers of his public conduct,
entered into a subscription for the purpose of erect-
ing some memorial worthy of his name. By means
of the funds thus raised a marble statue of Mr. Pitt,
by Westmacott, was erected in Westminster abbey
and a bronze statue of him executed after a model
by Chantrey was placed in Hanover square, London.
A large sum still remained unexpended, and on
the 18th of June, 1824, a meeting of the subscri-
bers was held at the Thatched-house tavern in
London, when it was agreed to apply a portion
of the surplus funds to the erection of a handsome
and appropriate building at Cambridge in connection
with the university press. This munificent offer
was accepted, and on the 1st of July in the same
year, the senate appointed a syndicate to purchase
the houses in Trumpington street between Silver
street and Mill lane. The cost of purchasing these
houses, which was considerable, was defrayed by the

THE PITT PEESS. 91

university who also erected the greater part of the
buildings in which the printing business is carried on.
On the 18th of October, 1831, the first stone
of the ornamental front of the printing office, which
thereupon was designated the Pitt Press, was laid by
the marquess of Caniden, attended by the earls of
Clarendon and Harrowby, lord Farnborough, Henry
Bankes, esq., M.P., the vice-chancellor, heads of
colleges, and members of the senate. The following
is the inscription on the foundation stone :

IN HONOREM
GVLIELMI PITT

HVIVS ACADEMIAE OLIM ALVHNI
VIKI ILLVSTKIORIS QVAM VT VLLO INDIGEAT PRAECONIO

AEQVALES EIVS ET AMICI SVPERSTITES

CVRATORES PECVNIARVM TVM AB IPSIS TVM AB ALIIS

FAMAE EIVS TVENDAE

ERGO COLLATARVM

HOC AEDIFICIVM EXTRVI VOLVERVNT.
LAPIDEM AYSPICALEM SOLENNIBV8 CAEREMONIIS STATV1T

VIE NOBILISSIMVS

JOANNES JEFFREYS MARCHIO CAMDEN
ASSISTENTIBVS ET HONORATISSIMIS COMITIBVS CLARENDON

ET HARROWBY
HONORABILI ADMODVM BARONE FARNBOROUGH

HENRICO BANKES ARMIGERO.

TOTA INSPECTANTE ET PLAVDENTE ACADEMIA

DECIMO QVINTO CAL. NOVEMB. ANNO M.DCCC.XXXI.

GEORGIO THACKERAY S. T. P. COLL. REGAL. PRAES.

ITERVM PROCANCELLARIO.

On the 28th of April, 1833, the vice-chancellor,
noblemen, heads of colleges, and officers and
members of the university, accompanied by a

THE PITT PRESS.

deputation from the Pitt committee (consisting of
the marquess of Camden, the earls of Clarendon
and Harrowby, lord Farnborough, sir George Henry
Rose, Henry Bankes, esq., and Samuel Thorn-
ton, esq.), went in procession from the senate-house
to the Pitt Press, where the marquess of Camden
after an appropriate address delivered the key of
the building to Dr. Webb, the vice-chancellor.
After each member of the press had printed off a
copy of the inscription on the foundation stone, a
cold collation was given by the syndicate of the
press to the deputation, the vice-chancellor, heads
of colleges, &c.

The front, of which the most remarkable feature
is a lofty tower, faces Trumpington street, and
forms one of the most prominent objects in entering
the town from London. The architect was Edward
Blore, esq.

The office contains frames, fittings and appurten-
ances for seventy compositors ; presses and appurten-
ances for fifty-six pressmen ; eight printing machines,
which require about fifty men and boys to manage,
work, and supply them. A ten-horse steam engine ;
two boilers, turning-lathe, forge, and circular saw ;
one (steam power) milling machine, hydraulic and
seven hot presses, at which together one hundred
men and boys may be employed if necessary.

There are also closets and other places with the
needful fittings and appurtenances for readers, over-
seers, warehousemen, and boys.

In consequence of a communication made by
king William IV. to the marquess Camden, chancellor

THE PITT PRESS. 93

of the university, the syndicates of the press undertook
a splendid impression of the holy scriptures.

The printing of the first eight pages of a copy
upon vellum for the king's use took place at the
public commencement 1835. These pages were struck
off by the marquess of Camden, chancellor ; the duke
of Northumberland, high steward ; H. E. H. the duke
of Cumberland ; H. R. H. prince George of Cambridge ;
Dr. William Howley, archbishop of Canterbury;
the duke of Wellington ; the earl of Hardwicke ; and
Dr. French, vice-chancellor.

The impression appeared in 2 vols. 4to. 1837.

The following is a list of the most celebrated
printers of the university in addition to those we have
already mentioned :

Cantrell Legge, appointed 1606, and who appears to have
held the office jointly with John Legate.

Thomas Buck, appointed 1625, jointly with John Buck, M.A.

Roger Daniel, appointed 1632. He was in 1642 troubled
by the house of commons for printing a book in defence of the
king's commission of array, and Dr. Feme's Resolves in Cases
of Conscience. He died 1650.

John Field, appointed 1655.

John Hayes, appointed 1669.

Cornelius Crownfield, a dutchman, appointed 1706.

Joseph Bentham, alderman of Cambridge, appointed 1740,
died 1st June, 1778.

John Baskerville, appointed 1758, died 8th January, 1775.

John Archdeacon, appointed 1766, died 10th September, 1795.

John Burgess, appointed 1793.

Richard Watts, appointed 1802, removed 1809.

John Smith, appointed 1809.

John William Parker, appointed 1836.

George Seeley, and Charles John Clay, M.A., appointed

94 THE PITT PRESS.

1854, being partners with the university in the printing business.
Mr. Seeley retired in 1856.

During the period (about 150 years) in which
a tax was imposed upon paper, the universities of
Cambridge and Oxford were entitled to a drawback
in respect of the paper used at their presses for
books in the latin, greek, oriental, or northern lan-
guages, and in 1794 the exemption was extended
to bibles, testaments, psahn-books, and books of
common prayer.

Under the act 15 George III., c. 53, the uni-
versity is entitled to the perpetual copyright of
works given or bequeathed by the author or his
representatives, if printed at the university press.

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.

RlCHAED FlTZWILIJAM VlSCOUNT FlTZWILLIAM,

sometime of Trinity hall, who died 5th February,
1816, by his will dated 18th August, 1815, gave and
bequeathed as follows : —

I give and bequeath unto the chancellor masters and
scholars of the university of Cambridge, all my capital stock
in the new South Sea annuities [£100,000], to be had and held
by them, the said chancellor masters and scholars, and their
successors for ever, upon the trusts, and to and for the intents
and purposes hereinafter expressed and declared touching and
concerning the same; and as to all my pictures, portraits,
prints, drawings, and engravings, whether framed, glazed, or
otherwise, and also the frames and glasses thereof respectively,
all my books, printed, engraved, or manuscript, bound or un-
bound, all my music, bound and unbound, all my busts, statues,
medals, gems, precious stones, and bronzes whatsoever, which
shall belong to me at the time of my decease, I give and
bequeath the same unto the said chancellor masters and
scholars of the said university of Cambridge, and their suc-
cessors for ever, upon the trusts and for the intents and purposes
hereinafter expressed, declared and contained, touching and
concerning the same : and I do hereby declare my will to be,

96 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.

and hereby direct, that they the said chancellor masters and
scholars, do and shall with all convenient speed after my de-
cease by and out of the dividends fand annual proceeds of
my said new South Sea annuities so directed to be transferred
to them as aforesaid, cause to be erected and built a good
substantial and convenient museum, repository, or other building,
within the precincts of the said university, for the reception
and preservation of the said pictures, books, and other articles,
or to purchase one or more erections or buildings for that
purpose ; and in the meantime, and until such a museum,
repository, or other building shall be erected, built, or purchased
as aforesaid, to procure a proper building for their temporary
reception, and to pay rent and taxes for the same, and also to
pay and defray all the costs, charges, and expences attending
the removing and depositing the said respective articles: and
1 do hereby direct, that William Sheldon and Edward Roberts,
or the survivor of them, do cause a regular schedule or inventory
to be made of the said several articles, and shall cause two fair
copies of such schedule or inventory to be made, one of which
copies I direct shall be signed by them the said William Sheldon
and Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them, and that the
other copy shall be signed by the vice-chancellor of the said
university for the time being, and that the copy so to be signed
by the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the
survivor of them, shall be delivered to the said vice-chancellor,
and deposited in the place where the said several articles are
kept, and that the copy to be signed by the said vice-chancellor
shall be delivered to the said William Sheldon and Edward
Roberts, or one of them, to be kept by them, or one of them :
and it is my will, and I hereby direct, that none of my said
pictures, books, or other articles before mentioned, shall be
taken or removed from the museum or repository for the time
being, by any person or persons whomsoever, or on any account
or upon any pretence whatsoever, except only in case of fire
happening, and then only during the time the necessity con-
tinues: and I do hereby declare my will to be, and hereby
direct, that the expence of keeping such pictures, books, and
other articles before mentioned, and the salaries of officers and
other persons to be emoloyed in or about the same, shall be

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 97

discharged with and out of the dividends and annual proceeds
of the said new South Sea annuities so given and bequeathed
as aforesaid : and I do hereby declare, that the bequests so
by me made to the said chancellor masters and scholars of
the said university, are so made to them for the purpose of
promoting the increase of learning, and the other great objects
of that noble foundation; but the particular arrangement,
economy, and disposition of the property comprised in the
said legacies and bequests I have made and given, I commit
(subject to the several trusts hereinbefore expressed) to the direc-
tion and management of the said chancellor masters and
scholars, in such manner as is provided by the laws and usages
of the said university.

Daniel Mesman esq., of Knightsbridge, bequeathed
two hundred and forty-eight paintings, and thirty-
three drawings and prints to the university after
the death of his brother the rev. Charles Mesman,
who however gave up his life interest in the bequest
in 1834, when the collection was forwarded to the
university. It was at first exhibited in the large
room at the Pitt press, but is now deposited in the
Fitzwilliam museum.

In 1842 the following works of art were added to
the Fitzwilliam museum : an ivory model of the Tage
Mahal at Agra, presented by Richard Burney, esq.
M.A. of Christ's college ; a bronze cast of Flaxman's
shield of Achilles, presented by Messrs. Rundell,
Bridge and Co., goldsmiths, London; and a series of
casts of the ornaments of the Alhambra, presented
by sir Grenville Temple.

George Skilbeck Maude, B.A., of Catharine hall,
in 1849 bequeathed a statue of Silence by Albertoni.

Philip Bury Duncan, M.A. of New college, Oxford,
presented several fine casts from the antique.

VOL. III. H

98 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.

John Disney, esq., of the Hyde, near Ingatestone,
in the county of Essex, F.E.S., F.s.A.,(a) presented to
the university a valuable collection of ancient marble
and statuary, (6) with a view of its being placed in
one of the public buildings of the university, and
being kept together as an archaeological collection
bearing his name. Graces accepting this donation
for affixing the university seal to a letter of thanks
to Mr. Disney, and authorising the deposit of the
collection in the Fitzwilliam museum, passed the
senate 16th of April, 1850.

In July, 1850, John Kirkpatrick, esq., M.A. of
Trinity college, presented a collection of thirty-four
first rate casts of antique statuary.

The ven. George Owen Cambridge, archdeacon
of Middlesex, presented the Martyrdom of S. George,
by Carletto Cagliari.

Henry Thomas Hope, esq., M.A. of Trinity
college, presented the Salutation, by Manzuoli di
San Friano.

In 1853 Stratford Canning, viscount Stratford de
Redclrffe, sometime fellow of King's college, pre-
sented twelve casts from the Halicarnassus marbles
in the British museum.

(a) Mr. Disney, who was sometime a member of Peterhouse, and
died in May, 1857, founded the professorship of archaeology.

(5) This collection owes its formation chiefly to the united labours of
Thomas Hollis, esq., and Thomas Brand, esq. The former of these gen-
tlemen died young, and left the greater part of the collection to his
friend Mr. Brand, who added the name of Hollis to his own. Mr.
Brand Hollis died in 1804, leaving his estates, and with them his col-
lection, to the rev. Mr. Disney, the father of the gentleman who gave
them to the university. He added to the collection, of which he pub-
lished an account in two parts, under the title of Museum Disneianum,
illustrated with plates, 4to., 1846 and 1848.

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 99

George Scharf, junr., esq., in 1855 presented a
valuable collection of casts.

The museum has been augmented by many other
presents of paintings, prints, books, statues, models,
and curiosities.

The stock bequeathed by lord Fitzwilliam, after
the deduction of ten per cent, legacy duty, was
in due course transferred to the university, and
all the other directions of his lordship's will
having been complied with, a syndicate was ap-
pointed to assist in giving effect to his bequest.
The collection was arranged in the Perse free
school, which was fitted up as a temporary museum.
Cases and cabinets were constructed for the books,
prints, and drawings; the paintings were well ex-
hibited; and the whole collection thus became,
without any needless delay, available to the public.

It remained at the Perse school for a quarter of
a century, when a place was found for it in the
eastern room of the university library, where it
remained till 1848.

After some fruitless negotiations with different
parties, the university purchased of S. Peter's
college for the sum of £9,645 the reversion of the
present excellent site — then occupied by many mean
buildings held upon lease.

At length all the leases having expired, and the
university, after defraying the original cost of the
site and all other necessary expences, having a
balance in hand from the accumulation of the Fitz-
william dividends of more than £40,000, the present
building was commenced under the direction of

100 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.

George Basevi, esq., the architect whose designs
had carried off the prize in open competition.

The first stone was laid by Gilbert Ainslie, D.D.,
vice-chancellor, 2nd of November, 1837.

The work was carried on under Mr. Basevi's
direction for above seven years, during which time
all the outer portions of the building, together with
the interior picture galleries and a large room on
the ground floor, devoted to sculpture and classical
antiquities, were finished with their costly decora-
tions.

After the melancholy death of Mr. Basevi in 1845,
C. R. Cockerell, esq., was appointed to succeed him
as architect ; and to him we owe the design and
execution of the present cupola and many other
beautiful decorations of the entrance hall, and also
the excellent fittings of the library on the ground
floor. The plans of Mr. Cockerell involved, how-
ever, some costly changes in the designs of Mr.
Basevi, and in 1847 it was found that all the avail-
able funds, including therein £12,000 borrowed on
the capital, were exhausted. The architectural
decorations of the unfinished entrance hall have
been consequently suspended till the accumulated
dividends of the Fitzwilliam fund shall have become
sufficient for the entire completion of the museum
and for the construction of an architectural wall,
which appears to be necessary to its exterior effect,
its security, and its insulation from the contiguous
grounds.

The front is generally allowed to be one of the
finest pieces of architecture in the kingdom, and

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 101

the entrance hall when completed will be truly
magnificent.

The principal picture gallery is sixty-eight feet by
thirty-nine, and the height to the springing of the cove
is twenty-six and a-half feet. A lantern, fifty-four by
twenty-five feet, is raised immediately upon the cove.
Through this the light is admitted by a series of
arched windows, between which Caryatides are
placed at intervals.

The other picture galleries, the library, and the
sculpture galleries are also fine apartments.

The cost of the site and of the buildings erected
between 1837 and 1848 was £101,195. 9s. Wd.

The paintings include specimens of most of the
great masters, including Both, the Carraci, Canaletti,
Cipriani, Claude, Cuyp, G. Douw, Albert Durer,
Carlo Dolci, Giorgine, Holbein, Hondius, C. Jansen,
Lely, Mieris, Ostade, Panini, Polemberg, G. Poussin,
N. Poussin, Rembrandt, Eubens, Ruysdael, Schalken,
Snyders, J. Steen, Teniers, Tintoretto, Titian, Van-
derwerf, Vandyke, Velasquez, P. Veronese, Verelst,
Cornelius de Vos, Watteau, Weenix, Zuccharelli, and
A. Zucchio.

Amongst the portraits are several of the Fitz-
william family, including two of the founder, one
representing him in his nineteenth year, by Wright
of Derby, (a) the other in his sixty-fourth year by
H. Howard, R.A.(>) There is also a curious portrait,

(a) Painted for Samuel Hallifax, LL.D., lord Fitzwilliam's tutor (after-
wards bishop of S. Asaph), and presented, in November, 1819, by his son
the rev. Thomas Fitzwilliam Hallifax, M.A. of Trinity hall.

(b) Engraved by Charles Turner.

102 THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM.

by Holbein, of William Fitzwilliam, earl of South-
ampton, K.G., lord high admiral.
Here are also portraits of

Henry Lloyd, a celebrated general, and writer on military
affairs, who died 1783.

The right hon. William Pitt.

Samuel Parr, LL.D., by J. Lonsdale (presented by Edward
Maltby, bishop of Durham).

Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the
university.

Daniel Mesman, esq.

J. Nollekens, K.A. (presented by the rev. Richard Edward
Kerrich, M.A.).

H. R. H. Prince Albert, chancellor of the university, by
Saye.

Henry Philpott, D.D., late master of S. Catharine's college,
and now bishop of Worcester.

The rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., Woodwardian professor
(presented by William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity
college).

Amongst the busts are those of

Henry Herbert, ninth earl of Pembroke, by Roubilliac.

John Home Tooke, M.A., by Chantrey (presented by lady
Chantrey, 1861).

George Basevi, esq., architect.

William Smyth, M.A., professor of modern history, by E. H.
Baily, R.A. (presented by subscribers, 1851).

John Disney, esq., LL.D.

Edward Maltby, bishop of Durham, by Behnes.

The library contains a magnificent collection of
engravings extending over many large atlas folios,
books in divinity, general history, the histories of
painters and engravers, topography, and the best
writers in polite literature both of the Greek and
Roman classics, and in the modern languages of

THE FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM. 103

England, France, and Italy. The topographical
department boasts a magnificent copy of Piranesi's
great and costly work on Rome. There are many
richly illustrated MSS. and a valuable collection of
MS. music principally of the great Italian com-
posers of the 16th and 17th centuries, a part of
which, by the permission of the university, was
published by Mr. Vincent Novello.

Amongst the additions to the library we may
mention a costly purchase of a series of the rare
prints of Marco Antonio, and a large folio of origi-
nal drawings by the celebrated painter Romney,
presented by his son the rev. John Romney, B.D.,
sometime fellow of S. John's college.

The museum of the Cambridge Antiquarian
Society (including the Litlington collection formed
by William Webb, D.D., master of Clare college) is
deposited in the northern room on the ground floor.

The regulations for admission to the museum
and library are of a liberal character, and any
person can on proper recommendation obtain the
vice-chancellor's permission to copy any picture,
print, or manuscript, under some limitation of
time, and also in subordination to the regulations
of the managing syndicate.

THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL
MUSEUM.

JOHN WOODWARD, M.D., who died 25th April,
1728, by his will (dated 1st October, 1727) be-
queathed to the university his cabinets of english
fossils to be reposited in such proper room or apartment
as should be allotted by the university to the satis-
faction of his executors. The collection being con-
sidered incomplete without the remaining foreign
cabinets described in Dr. Woodward's printed
catalogues, the vice-chancellor was empowered
by a grace of the senate passed 26th February,
1728-9, to purchase the foreign cabinets for a
sum not exceeding £1000. This purchase being
effected, the whole Woodwardian collection, english
and foreign, came into the possession of the
university, was arranged in five cabinets and was
deposited in a small room contiguous to the Soph's

school.

Thomas Green, M.A., (Woodwardian professor

1778-88) added some valuable organic remains to
the Woodwardian cabinets.

The rev. John Hailstone, M.A., (Woodwardian
professor, 1788-1818 ) formed another distinct
collection composed of many rare and beautiful
simple minerals, and of specimens illustrative of
the physical structure both of the British isles and

THE WOODWAKDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. 105

of some portions of the continent. In this labour
he was assisted by the munificence of various friends
of the university.

The rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., who has held
the Woodwardian professorship since 1818, for
more than thirty years employed his long vacation
in making a series of geological surveys chiefly
confined to the British isles. The fruit of these
surveys, carried on with great labour and at no small
personal cost, was year by year conveyed to the
university and arranged in new cabinets so long as
it was possible to find a place for them. In a very
few years however, all further arrangement became
impossible, and the ponderous cases of fossils col-
lected by the professor or contributed by his friends
and fellow labourers were deposited in such places
of security as could be found for them ; and in 1842
when the present museum (which is beneath the
new buildings of the university library)(a) was first
opened, an enormous collection, the accumulation
of twenty previous years, was for the first time
unpacked and made available to the public.

A duplicate series of foreign fossils (more than
20,000 in number) from the collection of count
Minister was purchased from the Woodwardian fund
in or about 1840.

There have been also recently purchased of M.
Barrande a very fine series of paloaozoic fossils,
and (out of a fund raised by subscription) from the

(a) The sum of £4,122. 5s. Id. was paid out of the fund accumulated
from the income of the Woodwardian estates for the fittings of the museum
between 1840 and 1843.

106 THE WOODWAEDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM.

rev. Thomas Image, M.A., formally of Corpus Christi
college, an excellent secondary collection.

David Thomas Ansted, esq., M.A. of Jesus
college; the rev. Samuel Bankes, M.A., rector of
Cottenham ; L. Barrett, esq. ; Henry James Brookes,
esq., F.E.S. of London; sir Francis Chantrey; the
rev. W. B. Clarke, of Sydney, New South Wales ;
the East Indian Company ; the earl of Enniskillen ;
the rev. Osmond Fisher, M.A., fellow of Jesus
college ; the rev J. Foster, of Wickersley ; the
rev. William Lewes Pugh Garnons, B.D., fellow of
Sidney college; the duke of Grafton, chancellor of
the university; R. Griffith, esq. of Dublin; T.
Hawkins, esq. ; the rev. John Stevens Henslow,
M.A., professor of Botany ; William Hopkins, esq.,
M.A. of S. Peter's college; the rev. G. Jenkinson;
T. S. Jones, esq. of Ely ; Richard Owen, esq.,
F.E.S. , Hunterian professor in the Royal college
of Surgeons, London; James Packe, esq., M.A.,
fellow of King's college ; John Hutton Pollexfen,
esq., M.A. of Queens' college ; professor H. Rogers,
of the United States ; S. M. Saxby, esq. of the Isle
of Wight ; the Royal college of Surgeons, London ;
and the rev. William Haughton Stokes, M.A., fellow
of Caius college, at various periods made additions
to the collection.

Professor Ansted assisted professor Sedgwick
with great zeal and ability for one or two years
in bringing the collection into approximate order.
After professor Ansted was called from Cambridge,
professor Sedgwick engaged the assistance of Mr.
Salter, an excellent naturalist and palaeontologist,

THE WOODWARDIAN OR GEOLOGICAL MUSEUM. 107

but before long he too was drawn away from Cam-
bridge by a permanent appointment under govern-
ment. In 1846 professor M'Coy was engaged in
carrying out the final arrangement of the British
and foreign fossils. Professors Ansted and M'Coy had
small grants from the Woodwardian fund, but with
these exceptions the whole cost of the arrangement,
which was very considerable, has fallen on professor
Sedgwick.

A detailed description by professor M'Coy of
all the British palaeozoic fossils in the collection,
with an introductory essay by professor Sedgwick,
has been published. The plates and the drawings
for them were executed at the cost of professor
Sedgwick, the letter-press being contributed by the
syndics of the Pitt press.

There is a small library in the museum, composed
of books bequeathed by professor Green, and pre-
sented by the nephew of the late professor Hailstone ;
and some very valuable works purchased out of
the Woodwardian fund.

THE MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM.

THE Mineralogical collection is deposited in
a room contiguous to the Woodwardiaii museum
beneath the new buildings of the university
library. (0)

It consists of the collection of the late rev.
Edward Daniel Clarke, LL.D., purchased by the
university of his executors in 1823 for £1500; of
some valuable specimens presented by the executors
of the rev. Clement Robert Francis, M.A., fellow
and tutor of Caius college; of a small but well
selected series of specimens presented by the rev.
William Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college ;
of the rich collection of minerals (including valu-
able diamonds) made by the late sir Abraham
Hume,(6) bart., and presented in 1841, by his
grandson, John Hume Egerton, viscount Alford,
M.A. of Magdalen college; of a collection, in many
respects unrivalled, made by the late Henry James
Brooke, esq., F.E.S., and presented in 1857 by
his son Charles Brooke, esq., M.A., F.K.S. of S.
John's college; of the collection of the late Henry
Warburton, esq., M.A. of Trinity college, (which

(a) In 1841 and 1842 the university expended £735. 11s. 9rf. for the
fittings of this museum.

(6) The Hume and Brooke collections are kept distinct from the rest of
the minerals belonging to the university.

THE MINERALCGICAL MUSEUM. 109

includes the minerals formerly in the possession
of William Hyde Wollaston, M.D.) presented in
1858, by Howard Warburton Elphinstone, esq.,
M.A. of Trinity college; and of minerals presented
by the late marquess of Northampton, George
Walsh Hallam, esq., LL.B. of Trinity hall, J.
Hibbert, esq., Mrs. Calverley and others. There
are also some scientific works presented by Dr.
Whewell, who held the professorship of mineralogy
from 1828 to 1832.

THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM.

IN the Anatomical museum are preserved collec-
tions illustrative of distinct branches of science,
viz., of normal human anatomy, of pathological
anatomy, and of comparative anatomy.

The museum originated in a small number of
choice preparations which were presented to the
university by Mr. Lawrence.

In May, 1815, the university purchased for
£367. 10s. the museum of sir Busick Harwood,
M.D. In 1819 £200 was expended in purchasing
wax models, executed at Florence and Bologna
under the direction of the rev. William Clark, who
has held the professorship of anatomy from 1817.
In 1830 £250 was paid for preparations purchased

THE ANATOMICAL MUSEUM. Ill

at the sale of Brooks's museum. In 1832 £100. 15s.
was paid for foreign anatomical preparations. In
1836 the rare and valuable collection of Dr.
Macartney, professor of anatomy in Trinity college,
Dublin, was purchased for £1000.

Donations have also been made from time to time
by members and Mends of the university. Dr.
Clark, the present professor of anatomy, has pre-
sented many of the finest specimens, and the whole
collection is greatly enhanced in value by the long
continued personal labour which he has bestowed
upon it.

The anatomical collection was at first deposited
in a building near Queens' college, known as the
anatomical school.

The structure in which it is now kept, situate
near S. Andrew's hill, was erected 1832-4 from a
design by Charles Humfrey, esq., at the cost of
£3,220. It comprises a lecture room and two small
dissecting rooms.

THE OBSERVATORY.

WE have in our account of Trinity college alluded
to the observatory which formerly occupied the
leads of the King's gateway there.(a)

The present observatory, erected on a piece of
land containing upwards of seven acres, near the
Madingley road, purchased of S. John's college,
was commenced in 1823, from a design of John
C. Mead, esq., architect. The total cost of and
incidental to the building was upwards of £19,000
of which £5644. 15s. Wd. was raised by a subscrip-
tion set on foot in 1820.(6)

(a) Vol. II. p. 312. n. (&)

(b) Subjoined are the names of the principal contributors :

H. R. H. William Frederick, duke of Gloucester, chancellor of the
university; John Henry Temple, viscount Palmerston ; John Henry Smyth,
esq., M.P. ; Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland; and John Hutton, esq.,
M.A. of Christ's college, 105 each.

x*S"

THE OBSERVATORY. 113

The structure, which is on an eminence, is ap-
proached by a handsome gateway through a well-
arranged plantation and shrubbery. The principal
front, which is about one hundred and sixty feet
in length, has a projecting centre with two wings.
The centre has a tetrastyle portico of Grecian Doric
supporting a pediment. There is a low dome four-
teen feet in diameter, which, although weighing
upwards of three tons, is made to revolve. One
wing contains apartments assigned to the Pluniian
professor of astronomy, who has the care of the
establishment; and the other those of the assistant
observers.

The principal instruments in the observatory are
a transit instrument of ten feet focal length by
Dollond ; a mural circle of eight feet diameter by
Troughton and Simnis, which was graduated on
its pier; and an equatoreal of five feet focal length

Charles Manners Sutton, archbishop of Canterbury ; George Henry
Fitzroy, duke of Grafton ; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland ; William
Lowther, earl of Lonsdale; and sir Henry Fitzherbert, bart. ; £100 each.

Philip Yorke, earl of Hardwicke, high steward of the university ; John
Crichton Stuart, marquess of Bute ; Thomas Hyde Villiers, earl of Clarendon ;
Bowyer Edward Sparke, bishop of Ely; right hon. Charles Manners Sutton
(afterwards viscount Canterbury) ; John Lens, serjeant at law; and rev. Dr.
Pearson, F.B.S., of East Sheen ; £52 10s. each.

Henry Fitzmaurice, marquess of Lansdowne ; Frederick Howard, earl
of Carlisle ; William Stuart, archbishop of Armagh ; Robert Saunders
Dundas, viscount Melville; William Lort Mansel, bishop of Bristol; Herbert
Marsh, bishop of Peterborough ; George Gough Calthorpe, lord Calthorpe ;
sir Richard Sutton, bart., of Trinity college; Thomas Le Blanc, L.L.D.,
master of Trinity hall ; William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. of Caius college ;
Robert Woodhouse, M.A., Lucasian professor; rev. William Lax, M.A.,
Lowndean professor; Thomas Catton, B.D., president of S. John's college;
John Barber Scott, esq., M.A. of Emmanuel college; William Portal, esq.,
M.A. of S. John's college ; Thomas Penny White, M.A., of Queens' college ;
and Henry Horatio Hayes, M.A. of Trinity college ; £50 each.

114 THE OBSERVATORY.

with declination circle of three feet diameter and
hour circle of two feet diameter by Jones. The
transit clock is by Hardy. There are also two
other clocks, one by Molyneux and Cope, and
one by Graham, with several smaller instru-
ments, of which some have been purchased by
the Plumian professors, and others have been
bought by the university or have been presented
by individuals.

In 1835 a magnificent telescope of nearly twelve
inches aperture and twenty feet focal length, made
by M. Cauchoix of Paris, was presented by the
duke of Northumberland. His grace at the same
time intimated his wish to be allowed to present
the telescope in a complete working state. A build-
ing was accordingly erected near the observatory,
with a revolving dome twenty-seven feet in diameter,
and the equatoreal mounting of the telescope was
completed under the superintendence of George
Biddell Airy, esq., M.A., astronomer royal, late
Plumian professor.

The observations made 1828-1848 have been
published at the expense of the syndics of
the Pitt press, and copies have been distributed
to the principal observatories and academies in
England and abroad, as well as to several private
observers.

There is a library of astronomical works at
the observatory, formed partly by purchases made
by the university, and partly by presents from
other observatories and from scientific institu-
tions.

THE OBSERVATORY. 115

The observatory is under the superintendence of
a syndicate, who, with the Plumian trustees and
the Plumian and Lowndean professors, at least once
in each term visit the observatory, and make an
annual report of its state and the proceedings of
the previous year, to the senate.

THE BOTANIC GARDEN.

ABOUT 1588 John Gerard the famous herbalist,
appears to have been desirous of being employed
by the university in laying out a physic garden
here. There is extant a recommendatory letter
drawn up by him for the signature of his patron
lord Burghley, the chancellor of the university.
It is however uncertain whether the letter were
actually sent.

In 1695 an unsuccessful attempt was made to
establish a public physic garden in Cambridge. The
project was renewed in 1724 and 1731.

Richard Walker, D.D., vice-master of Trinity
college, expended £1600 for the purchase of free-
hold and leasehold premises in the parishes of
S. Edward and S. Benedict (part whereof was a
portion of the dissolved priory of S. Augustine) for
the purpose of a botanic garden, conveying the same
to the university by indentures of lease and re-
lease, dated 24th and 25th August, 1761. He
also settled £50 per annum towards the payment
of a reader in botany, and a curator or superin-
tendent of the garden.

The rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's
college, gave £2000, £3 per cent, bank annuities, for
the purposes of the garden.

THE BOTANIC GAKDEN. 117

A public subscription in aid of the garden was
entered into in 1762 and the following donations
were made between that period and 1783 :

£. s. d.

Trinity college, £100 ; King's college, £50 ;
S. John's college, £31. 10s. ; Trinity hall, £30 ;
Corpus Christi college, £25. 5s. ; Sidney college,
£21; Caius college, £20 ; Pembroke hall, £5. 5s. 313 0 0

Thomas Holies Pelham, duke of Newcastle,
chancellor of the university ; Philip Yorke, earl of
Hardwicke, high steward of the university ; Charles
Maynard, viscount Maynard ; William Greaves,
esq., M.A., commissary of the university, £100 each. 400 0 0

John Green, bishop of Lincoln £80 ; Charles
Manners, marquess of Granby, £52. 10s. 132 10 0

Thomas Hay, earl of Kinnoul, recorder of
Cambridge ; hon. Edward Finch, M.P. for the
university ; Walter Titley, esq., minister at the
court of Denmark ; Robert Smith, D.D., master
of Trinity college ; hon. Thomas Townshend, M.P.
for the university ; Francis Hooper, D.D. fellow of
Trinity college ; Edwin Lascelles, esq., £50 each. 350 0 0

William Heberden, M.D., £42 ; Robert Taylor,
M.D., £42 ; John Newcome, D.D., dean of Roches-
ter, and master of S. John's college, £40 ; John Ord,
esq., master in chancery, £30 ; Henry Hubbard,
B.D., fellow of Emmanuel college, £28. 8s. ; sir
James Burrough, master of Caius college, £25 ;
Roger Pettiward, D.D., chancellor of the diocese
of Chichester, £25 ; Frederick Montagu, esq., of
Trinity college, £25; Thomas Bromley, lord
Montfort, high steward of the town of Cambridge,
£21 ; Robert Glynn, M.D., fellow of King's college,
£21; Thomas Hayes, of Chester, M.D., £20;
Thomas Watson, M.D., £20; John Fothergill,
M.D., £20 ; Stephen Whisson, B.D., fellow of
Trinity college, £20 . . . . 379 8 0

Rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's

118 THE BOTANIC GARDEN.

college, (besides the donation of stock) £17. 17s. ; £. s. d.
William Samuel Powell, D.D., master of S. John's
college, £15. 15s. : Hen Vane, LL.D., canon of
Durham, £10. 10s. ; Charlton Wollaston, M.D.,
£10. 10s.; John Allen B.D., fellow of Trinity
college, £10. 10s.; Charles Collignon, M.D., pro-
fessor of anatomy, £6. 6s. . . 71 8 0

William Elliston, D.D., master of Sidney college ;
John Martyn, professor of botany ; Thomas Martyn,
B.D., professor of botany ; — Mainwaring, of
Chester, M.D. ; Mr. Goodwin ; Mr. Sharpe ; £5. 5s.
each . . . . 31 10 0

Smaller gifts by members of the university and
inhabitants of the town . . , . 55 13 0

£1733 9 0

By a private act which received the royal assent
30th March, 1831, effect were given to an exchange
between the university and Trinity hall, and the
university was authorised to remove the botanic
garden to a piece of land in the parish of S. Andrew
the less containing upwards of thirty-eight acres, then
held under a lease from Trinity hall which expired
at Michaelmas, 1844.

Soon after the expiration of the lease twenty-
one acres of the land were laid out as the botanic
garden, the old garden being thereupon abandoned.

The garden is under the government of the
vice-chancellor, the provost of King's college, the
masters of Trinity and S. John's colleges, the Regius
professor of physic, and six members of the senate
appointed by grace.

It is open daily during hours appointed by the
governors to all graduates of the university, all

THE BOTANIC GARDEN. 119

undergraduates giving their names and colleges if
required, and all respectably dressed strangers on
condition of giving their names and addresses if
required.

Servants with children and children by them-
selves are not admitted, nor are persons with dogs.

The hothouses may be viewed from one o'clock
till four by persons accompanied by the curator.

GATEHOUSE, 1773.

THE CASTLE.

IT is probable that the spot on which the castle
stood, was originally occupied by a small Roman
camp.

William the conqueror on his return from the
reduction of York in 1068, erected a castle here.
Twenty-seven houses were destroyed to make room
for the structure. (a)

(a) Gervase of Tilbury has preserved a wild legend connected with
Cambridge castle which belongs to a date not much after the beginning of
the twelfth century. It appears that at that time the ancient encampment
of Vandlebury, on the summit of Gogmagog hill, was believed to be
haunted by unearthly beings ; and that a spectral knight, well mounted
and armed, attended to offer combat to the venturous mortal who should
challenge him within the inclosure after nightfall. A strange knight,
named Osborn, came to Cambridge castle, and heard in the castle hall
the story of this nocturnal combatant. He left the company unperceived,
hastened to Vandlebury attended only by his esquire, engaged the spectral

THE CASTLE. 121

About 1189, Richard I. committed the custody
of this castle to William de Longcamp, bishop of
Ely, his chancellor and great favourite.

King John by writ, dated 26th January, 1200-1,
required Eustace bishop of Ely, to deliver the castle
of Cambridge to Hamo de Valon, sheriff of the
counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, together
with all things and stores as the bishop had re-
ceived the same, and by another writ, dated 27th
November, 1204, the sheriff of the county was
commanded to repair the houses and gate of the
castle of Cambridge, the expence whereof, as by
the view and testimony of lawful men, was to be
accounted to him at the exchequer.

On 17th April, 1208, king John committed the
custody of the castle of Cambridge, together with
the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, to Fulk
the son of Theobald, for seven years from Easter
in the eighth year of the king's reign. For this
concession he gave the king one hundred and twenty
marks and three palfreys, and was to render £100
per annum in addition to the accustomed farm.

By letters dated 23rd May, 1212, Fulk the son
of Theobald, was commanded by the king to deliver
the castle of Cambridge to William earl of Sarum,

knight and vanquished him, bringing away his horse as a trophy of his
victory. He was led in triumph into the castle, and the horse, which was
of jetty black hue, was tied up with strong ropes in the court, where it was
watched all night by a crowd of people. As the morning approached, the
steed became more and more furious, till, at the crowing of the cock, it
burst asunder its bonds, and darting across the court, disappeared from
view. The knight had been wounded in the combat, and, after his hurt
had been apparently healed, it broke out afresh every year on the same
night which had witnessed his adventure on Gogmagog hill.

122 THE CASTLE.

to whom the king had granted the counties of Cam-
bridge and Huntingdon during his pleasure.

Engell de Cigoni occurs as constable of Cambridge
castle in 1214. On 16th of August in that year, the
king by writ dated at Nottingham, notified that he
had sent to him sir Thomas de Erdinton and Henry
de Ver to signify certain things which could not be
communicated by writing, and he was required to
give them credence in all matters relative to the
custody of the king's castles and possessions.

King John was at Cambridge, 16th and 17th of
September, 1216. On his departure he left the castle
in the custody of the famous Falcasius de Brent.
It was soon afterwards however taken by the con-
federated barons, who made prisoners of the garrison
consisting of only twenty men.

By an inquisition taken in 1278, it was found
that the castle of Cambridge belonged to the king,
and was in the custody of the sheriff of the county.
One messuage and three pieces of land are specified
as held of the fee of the castle at rents paid to
the sheriff, and amounting in the whole to 2s. 6d.
per annum. Various persons who held estates in
the county, also paid the sheriff small annual sums
as castleguard. Pertaining to the castle was a
warren, the bounds of which are set forth. (a)

Edward I. was at Cambridge, 25th March, 1293.
He stayed two days and nights, and lodged in the

(a) A commission respecting the free warren belonging to the castle of
Cambridge, which extended into the parishes of Chesterton, Milton, Histon ,
Cottenham, Girton, Landbeach, and Waterbeach, was issued by Henry IV.
in 1400.— Clay's Landbeach, 9.

THE CASTLE. 123

castle where no king had been known to have lain
before. The same monarch in 1299 assigned this
castle to his queen Margaret as part of her dowry.

The castle was used for the confinement of de-
linquents at least as early as 1317. On the 3rd of
June in that year, Edward II. granted to the univer-
sity, that if a layman should inflict a grievous hurt
upon a clerk, or a clerk upon a layman, he should
be immediately arrested and imprisoned in the castle
until he should be delivered by reasonable satisfac-
tion, or at the demand of the chancellor. We find
the same monarch in 1321 directing the sheriff
to furnish the castle with victuals and other neces-
saries out of the issues of his bailiwick, and on the
6th of August, 1323, he directed the constable of the
castle to keep the prisoners therein in safe and
secure custody, so that he might be able to answer
for them at the king's command.

In 1337, the burgesses of the town petitioned par-
liament against various grants made by Edward II.
to the university. As regarded the grant empower-
ing imprisonment in the castle, they averred that
that edifice was without the liberty of the town,(a)
and consequently that the grant was repugnant to
the privilege which they had, that the burgesses
should not be impleaded out of the borough.

On the 7th of May, 1340, Edward III. granted to
William marquess of Juliers and earl of Cambridge,
the castle of Cambridge, (except the gaol) to be held
by the service of the fourth part of a knight's fee. By
a writ dated loth December, 1341, the marquess or

(a) The castle forms part of the parish of Chesterton.

124 THE CASTLE.

his attorney or locum tenens in the castle, was
commanded to deliver the gaol to Warm de Bassing-
bourn, the sheriff of the county, and to permit him
to have free ingress to and egress from the same
at the gate of the castle.

Edward III. pulled down some of the materials
and applied them to the erection of King's hall.

In 1352, William de Nolton had a grant from
Edward III. of lands in Litlington in the county
of Cambridge, to be held by the service of holding
the king's stirrup whensoever he should mount his
palfrey at the castle of Cambridge.

William de Muschett was constable of Cambridge
castle in 1359, when a writ was issued requiring
the constable of Nottingham castle to remove sir
John de Molyns, knight, to Cambridge castle, to
be there confined with Egida his wife.

On 20th February, 1366-7, Edward III. directed
a commission to Almaric de Shirlonde and John de
Newenham, to enquire as to the dilapidations of the
walls, turrets, houses, and buildings of the castle.

Sir Baldwin St. George occurs as constable of the
castle in 1376.

Richard II. by a charter to the university, 10th
December, 1383, empowered the chancellor to im-
prison persons convicted before him in the castle of
Cambridge or elsewhere in the town, and required
the sheriff of the county or keeper of the castle to
receive keep and deliver all such transgressors at the
chancellor's command.

William Clypston held the office of constable
of the castle in the first year of Henry IV.

THE CASTLE. 125

Henry V. gave stones and timber for the castle
hall to the master and fellows of King's hall for
building their chapel.

Arthur Agard the antiquary, who became a student
of Queens' college in 1553, says that at that period
the keep of the castle was entire, adding that it had
been since demolished.

In the reign of Mary the ruins of the castle
furnished materials for building Trinity college
chapel, and the mansion of sir John Huddlestone,
at Sawston.

Dr. Caius, referring to 1574 or thereabouts, states
that the castle was then nearly destroyed and pre-
served only as a session house for the judges, and
a prison for thieves.

Charles I. in 1632 granted the castle in fee farm
to Henry Brown and John Cliffe, in trust for the
justices of the peace for the county. It had been
long previously used as the county prison, and as
the place for holding the assizes and county sessions.

Dr. Fuller, referring to about 1634, informs us
that the gatehouse was the only portion of the castle
which was then left standing, and that it was em-
ployed for a prison, " so that what was first intended
to restrain rebels without it, is now only used to
confine felons within it."

Oliver Cromwell in 1642 seized the magazine in
the castle for the parliament. Additional works were
soon after erected at the castle, and above fifteen
houses were pulled down. Henry Mildmay, esq.,(a)

(a) He was of Graces in Baddow, Essex, which county he represented in
parliament. He did not die till 1692.

126

THE CASTLE.

a colonel of horse for the parliament, was constituted
governor of the castle. The parliament soldiers
seized the timber and stone which had been provided
for rebuilding Clare hall, and used the same at the
castle. On the 12th of July, 1643, the governor of
the castle reported to the parliament that the town
and castle were very strongly fortified, being en-
compassed with breastworks and bulwarks : and on
the 20th the commons ordered the deputy lieutenants
of the associated counties to send forces to Cambridge
for defence of the castle.

On the 15th of August, 1645, the parliamentary
committee at Cambridge sent a letter to the speaker
of the house of commons complaining of want of
money for the soldiers in the castle. In this letter
they state the castle to be very considerable in
strength.

The parliament on the 13th of July, 1647, voted
that the new works raised about the town and castle
of Cambridge since the beginning of the troubles
should be slighted and reduced to the condition
they were in before the war.

The appearance of the gatehouse in 1773 is shewn
in the preceding wood-cut, taken from Grose's
Antiquities.

The present county gaol was commenced within
the castle precincts in 1802, from the designs of
Mr. Byfield. The first stone was laid on the 18th
of October in that year. Part of the materials of the
castle were sold by direction of the county magis-
trates in or about 1808.

THE CASTLE.

127

SHIREHOUSE.

A handsome and commodious shirehouse, (a) within
the precincts of the castle, was completed in 1842,
being opened on the 21st of October, on which day
the general quarter sessions for the county were held
there. The architects were Messrs. Wyatt and
Brandon.

To the inexpressible regret of all lovers of an-
tiquity, the spacious and massive gatehouse of the
castle was removed to make way for the shirehouse.

(a) On 18th March, 1571-2, the corporation empowered Roger lord
North to build a house within the market place, for the justices to sit in at
assizes and sessions, but the design was not carried out.

On 2nd April, 1746, the corporation demised for 999 years to trustees
for the county, land on the Market hill immediately adjoining to the
Guildhall, for the erection of a shirehouse, which was accordingly erected at
the charge of the county. Although a most incommodious building it
was used for the assizes and county sessions till 1842, when the county
magistrates surrendered the lease to the corporation.

128

THE CASTLE.

The wood-cut at the end of this article exhibits the
appearance of the gatehouse immediately before its
demolition.

The hill and some earthworks are all that remain
to mark the site of the castle of Cambridge.

British and Roman coins and other antiquities
have been found at various periods 011 the site, and
in the immediate neighbourhood of the castle.

GATEHOUSE, 1840.

.!*••

THE GUILDHALL.

HENEY I. granted to the burgesses of Cambridge
that they might hold their town at farm, they
paying to him the same sum which the sheriff of
the county had previously been accustomed to
render. He also granted a charter, which appears
to have been intended to secure to the town a
monopoly of the trade of the county, and to pro-
vide for the inhabitants the benefit of a domestic
judicature.

On the death of Henry I. that monarch's grant
of the town to the burgesses ceased to have validity.
In 1185, they paid to Henry II. three hundred
marks and a mark of gold for a renewed grant.
They also paid a fine to Richard I. for having
their town again at farm.

Immediately after the accession of king John,
the burgesses acknowledged to owe that monarch
two hundred and fifty marks for having the town
at farm, and that they might enjoy the same liberties
as the king's free and demesne boroughs which had
liberties, and accordingly by a charter dated 8th of
January, 1200-1, he granted to the burgesses a mer-
catorial gild, freedom from toll and other privileges
and franchises. In this charter the customs of the
borough and the ancient law thereof existing in

VOL. III. K

130 THE GUILDHALL.

the time of the king's ancestors are expressly re-
cognized.

King John by another charter, dated 8th of
May, 1207, granted the town of Cambridge in
meadows and feedings, mills, pools and waters,
with all liberties and free customs, to the burgesses
for ever, they paying at the exchequer £60 yearly.
He also empowered them to make of themselves a
provost, whom they would and when they would.

The chief officer of the town was designated the
mayor at least as early as 1235, but the first mayor
whose name is on record is William le Rus, who
held the office in 1261.

Henry III. confirmed king John's charters, and
granted the burgesses the return of writs and the
right to elect coroners, and to have exclusive juris-
diction in replevin and all other actions arising in
the borough, or relating to lands therein. Edward I.
confirmed these charters 24th of November, 1280.
On 27th of November, 1313, Edward II. also con-
firmed them and granted additional franchises to
the burgesses.

Richard II. confirmed the town charters on the 8th
of December, 1377. In June, 1381, there were pro-
digious riots in Cambridge. The leading members
of the corporation took an active part in these dis-
turbances, and compelled the university to execute
deeds renouncing all their privileges. These transac-
tions soon afterwards became the subject of inves-
tigation in parliament. The franchises of the town
were seized into the king's hands as forfeited, but
were, with certain exceptions, regranted 17th of

THE GUILDHALL. 131

February, 1381-2, a slight increase being made in
the amount of the annual fee farm rent payable to
the sovereign.

On the 9th of December, 1385, Richard II.
granted to the burgesses all fines and forfeitures
arising in the town, as also the goods of felons,
fugitives, and outlaws.

Confirmatory charters were granted to the town
by Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI., Edward IV.,
Henry VIII. and Edward VI. *

Queen Elizabeth by charter dated 15th of August,
1589, granted Sturbridge fair to the corporation,
with ample powers to make ordinances, rules, and
statutes for the government thereof.

A charter was granted to the corporation by
James I. 30th of April, 1605. In 1616, the corpo-
ration made an ineffectual application for a charter
enlarging their privileges and restoring Cambridge
to its ancient honour and dignity as a city.

Charles I. on 6th of February, 1631-2, granted
a charter, whereby the number of the aldermen was
fixed at twelve and of the common councilmen at
twenty-four.

The corporation on llth of November, 1684,
surrendered all their franchises to Charles II., who
on 3rd of January, 1684-5, granted a new charter
whereby he reserved the power of removing all
officers at the pleasure of the crown. All the ancient
charters of the town were however restored by a
proclamation of James II., dated 17th of October,
1688.

Under the municipal corporations act (5 & 6,

132 THE GUILDHALL.

Will. IV. c. 76), the town is now governed by a
council, consisting of ten aldermen and thirty coun-
cillors, from amongst whom the mayor is annually
elected.

The town is divided into wards as follows, six
councillors being assigned to each ward.

1. EAST BARN WELL WARD, S. Mary the less and part
of S. Andrew the less.

2. WEST BARN WELL WARD, S. Benedict and part of
S. Andrew the less.

3. MARKET WARD, S. Mary the great, S. Giles, and
S. Edward.

4. TRINITY WARD, S. Botolph, S. Clement, Holy Sepul-
chre, and Holy Trinity.

5. S. ANDREW'S WARD, All Saints, S. Andrew the great,
S. Michael, and S. Peter.

The Cambridge Corporation Act, 1850, and the
Cambridge Award Act, 1856, contain numerous
provisions relating to the government of the town.
Under the latter of these acts, which confirms an
award made by the late right hon. sir John Patteson
on certain matters in difference between the uni-
versity and town, the police is placed under the
controul of a Watch committee, consisting of the
mayor, nine other members of the council, and five
members of the senate elected annually.

The paving, drainage and lighting of the town
are regulated by the Cambridge Improvement com-
missioners, who consist of certain members of the
university, fifteen members of the council, and
twenty-eight inhabitants elected by the several
parishes. These commissioners derive their powers
under local acts passed in 1788, 1794, and 1846.

THE GUILDHALL. 133

The town has a separate court of quarter sessions,
over which the recorder (who is appointed by the
crown) presides as sole judge. The vice-chancellor
of the university, the mayor, and the ex-mayor
are justices of the peace ex-officio. Other justices
of the peace are appointed by the crown from time
to time as occasion arises.

A court of pleas held before the recorder, has
jurisdiction over all actions real, personal or mixed,
arising within the town, without any limit as re-
spects amount.

At a very early period the burgesses possessed
a common hall. It is supposed to have been situate
on Peas hill in the parish of S. Edward.

In 1224, the burgesses [offered Henry III. a fine
of forty marks that they might have a house in
Cambridge which had belonged to Benjamin the
jew, in order to make thereof a gaol for the town,
they rendering to the king for the same one mark
annually, and also two shillings per annum to the
chief lord of the house. On 15th of October in that
year, the king commanded the sheriff of the county
to put them in possession of this house, on their
giving good security for the fine and rent.

This house had been previously a Jewish syna-
gogue. On digging on the spot in 1782, for the
foundations of buildings then commenced, several
gravestones were discovered. One had an imperfect
hebrew inscription to this effect, " The sepulchral
stone of Israel who died "

A portion of the house of Benjamin or the old
synagogue, was assigned by the burgesses to the

134 THE GUILDHALL.

Franciscan friars on their first settlement in Cam-
bridge, the other part being used as a gaol. The
friars after a few years removed to the spot now
occupied by Sidney college, and then the burgesses
appear to have converted the portion of the house
of Benjamin which the Mars had held into a
Guildhall. The whole structure (both Guildhall
and prison) was popularly known as the Tolbooth,
although the term Guildhall is usually employed in
records to designate the part in which courts and
corporate assemblies were held.

The foundation of a new Tolbooth in the parish
of S. Mary the great was laid in 1386, the structure
being completed in the following year.

It appears from entries in the corporation books,
that the Guildhall portion of the Tolbooth consisted
of the hall, the parlour (wherein the mayor and
aldermen held their meetings), the pantry (wherein
the twenty-four or common-couneilmen assembled)
and the kitchen.

The Tolbooth being very old and dilapidated, was
taken down in 1782, when a new Guildhall was
commenced on the site from the designs of James
Essex, F.S.A. The earl of Kinnoul the recorder,
contributed £100, and the hon. Philip Yorke, M.P.
for the county £200. Money was also raised by
the admission of a number of honorary freemen,
who paid a fine of thirty guineas each. The total
cost was £2,500, and the new building was opened
for public business on the 25th of May, 1784. In
1790, the gaol was removed to another site.

In I860, the corporation having purchased the

THE GUILDHALL. 135

leasehold interests in certain adjoining premises,
commenced extensive additions to the Guildhall.
The works have only recently been completed. The
cost including the purchase of leases is above £12,000.
More than £6000 has been voted from the borough
fund, the residue having been raised by a subscription
set on foot by Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq., to
whose zeal and indefatigable exertions in this matter
the town is deeply indebted/"0

The new buildings are portions of an extensive
plan by Messrs. Peck and Stephens, architects of
Maidstone, which was selected after a public
competition.

The old Shirehouse, which, as before related,
came into the possession of the corporation in 1842,
is erected on arches and has a plain and unpre-
tending front towards the Market hill. One room

(a) The following is a list of the subscribers of £50 and upwards.
Henry John Adeane, esq. M.P. £50; H. R. H. Albert prince consort,
chancellor of the university, £100; William Henry Bateson, D.D., master
of S.John's college, £60; Caius college, £100; Cambridge Horticultural
society, £105; William Cavendish, duke of Devonshire, chancellor of the
university and high-steward of the town, £100; Corpus Christi college,
£50; Edward Humphreys Green De Freville, esq., of Ickleton, £50;
Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq., £60 ; Charles Finch, esq., £50 ; Charles
Finch Foster, esq., alderman, £100; Ebenezer Foster, esq., £100; George
Ebenezer Foster, esq., £100; Henry Staples Foster, esq., alderman, £50 ;
Clement Francis, esq., M.A., £50 ; Thomas Charles Geldart, LL.D., master
of Trinity hall, £50 ; William Parker Hamond, esq., of Pampisford,
£100; John Hibbert, esq., of Braywick, Berkshire, £100; George Murray
Humphrey, M.D., £150; Mr. William Eaden Lilley, £50; Thomas Mort-
lock, esq. M.A., £100; Thomas Musgrave, archbishop of York, £50; Henry
Philpott, D.D., master of S. Catharine's college, (now bishop of Worcester),
£121 ; Francis Russell, duke of Bedford, high steward of the town, £100 ;
Mr. Robert Sayle, £100; Mr. Henry Joseph Wetenhall, £50; William
Whewell, D.D., master of Trinity college, £100; Charles Philip Yorke,
earl of Hardwicke, lord-lieutenant of the county, £50.

136 THE GUILDHALL.

is used as a council-chamber, the other as a court
room for the quarter sessions and the meetings of
the magistrates.

Separated from this structure by a narrow street,
over which is a covered gallery, is the portion of
the Guildhall erected from the plan of Mr. Essex.
A small part of this building has been taken down
for the erection of the great hall hereafter mentioned.
The residue forms a small assembly room, over
which is a suite of apartments recently added, and
occupied by the School of Art.

On the south side of the small assembly room
is a convenient and well proportioned apartment
known as the Alderman's parlour, which was erected
about 1790.

The great hall just completed from the design
of Messrs. Peck and Stephens, is one hundred and
ten feet in length, fifty-two in breadth, and forty-
one in height. It is a very noble apartment, having
a richly decorated roof. At the northern end is a
small gallery, and the southern end, which has a
circular termination, is occupied by a well constructed
orchestra of the depth of twenty-four feet. From
the ceiling are suspended five handsome ormolu
chandeliers (now adapted for gas lights), presented
in 1820. The larger one, which is in the centre,
was the gift of the duke of Rutland, high-steward.
Of the smaller chandeliers, on<5 pair was given by
lieut.-col. Trench, M.P., and the other by Charles
Maddryll Cheere, esq., M.P.

Underneath the southern end of the great hall
are convenient apartments appropriated to the pur-

THE GUILDHALL. 137

poses of a Free Library. (a) There is a separate
entrance in Wheeler street to this part of the
building.

In the court room is a bust of sir Robert Henry
Blossett, chief-justice in Bengal, formerly deputy
recorder. A curious old portrait on panel of the

(a) The Free Library was established in pursuance of a vote of the
burgesses taken 1st of March, 1853, when eight hundred and seventy-
three votes were recorded in its favour, and only seventy-eight against it.

The sum of £364. 19s. 6d. was raised by subscription to defray prelimi-
nary expences and to purchase books. Of this sum £150 was contributed
by Charles Finch Foster, esq., alderman, and £50 by George Ebenezer
Foster, esq.

The library was opened to the public 28th of June, 1855, and is principally
supported by a grant of £200 per annum from the Borough fund. The
management is delegated to a committee consisting of thirteen members of
the council and as many inhabitants who are not of that body. It contains
a collection of about eight thousand volumes, and there is a good supply
of newspapers and periodicals. Previously to the completion of the new
Guildhall buildings, the Free Library was deposited in the Friends'
Meeting-house in Jesus lane.

In the year ending June, 1861, the number of visitors to the reading-
room was 49,346, and during the same period 29,195 volumes were issued.
Of this number 24,925 were from the lending library.

Attached to the library is a small museum.

The voluminous and valuable publications of Her Majesty's Commis-
sioners of Patents are deposited in this library.

On the dissolution of the Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Mechanics
Institute in September, 1858, the members presented 1193 volumes to this
library, and Mr. James Reynolds has at various periods given about
1300 volumes.

Amongst the other donors of books and curiosities, may be mentioned
A. S. Adair, esq.; G. B. Airy, esq., M.A., astronomer royal; H. R. H.
Albert prince consort; C. C. Babington, esq., professor of botany; rev.
Churchill Babington, B.D. ; Patrick Beales, esq. ; Mr. Joseph Bright ;
rev. W. Carus, M.A. ; rev. Charles Clayton, M.A. ; Mr. George Dawson ;
Mr. A. Deck ; Mrs. Evans ; C. Finch, esq. ; Harvey Goodwin, D.D., dean
of Ely ; Mr. Edmond Foster ; Mr. H. T. Hall ; H. H. Harris, esq., alder-
man; J. A. Jeremie, D.D., regius professor of divinity; Mr. E. Litchfield;
Mr. A. Macmillan; rev. J. E. B. Mayor, M.A.; W. H. Miller, esq., M.A.,
professor of mineralogy ; Robert Potts, esq., M.A. ; R. C. Trench, D.D.,
dean of Westminster ; Mr. H. J. Wetenhall ; and William Whewell, D.D.,
master of Trinity college.

138 THE GUILDHALL.

celebrated Thomas Hobson the benevolent carrier,
who is delineated on horseback, and a large picture
by Thomas Henry Gregg, representing the right
hon. Thomas Spring-Kice (now lord Monteagle), and
George Pryme, esq., elected members of parliament
for the town, 12th of December, 1832, are in other
parts of the building.

Subjoined are lists of some of the principal officers
of the corporation : —

MAYORS. — 1836, (Jan. 1), Thomas Hovell, esq. ; (Nov. 9),
Ebenezer Foster, esq. ; 1837, Charles Humfrey, esq. ; 1838,
Henry Headly, esq. ; 1839, Richard Foster, esq. ; 1840,
1841, George Fisher, esq. ; 1842, Thomas Stevenson, esq. ;
1843, Rowland Morris Fawcett, esq.; 1844, William Bishop,
esq. ; 1845, Joseph Jonathan Deighton, esq. ; 1846, Charles
Edward Brown, esq. ; 1847, Charles Finch Foster, esq. ; 1848,
Charles Finch, esq. ; 1850, Henry Staples Foster, esq. ; 1851,
Elliot Smith, esq. ; 1852, Henry Hemington Harris, esq. ;
1853, Augustine Gutteridge Brimley, esq. ; 1854, Charles
Finch Foster, esq. ; 1855, William Ekin, esq. ; 1856, Patrick
Beales, esq. ; 1857, Swann Hurrell, esq. ; 1858, Charles Balls,
esq.; 1859, Elliot Smith, esq.; 1860, 1861, Charles Finch
Foster, esq.

HIGH STEWARDS. — 1529, Thomas Howard, duke of Nor-
folk, K.G. ; 1547, Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, K.G. ;
1552, John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, K.G. ; 1554,
Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, K.G. ; 1572, Roger North,
lord North ; 1600, sir Thomas Egerton, lord keeper, afterwards
lord Ellesmere and viscount Brackley ; 1617, sir Francis Bacon,
lord chancellor, afterwards lord Verulam and viscount S.
Alban's; 1626, sir Thomas Coventry, lord-keeper, afterwards
lord Coventry; 1639, sir John Finch, lord-keeper, afterwards
lord Finch of Fordwich ; 1652, Oliver Cromwell, esq., after-
wards lord-protector; 1660, sir Edward Hyde, lord chancellor,
afterwards earl of Clarendon; 1670, sir Thomas Chicheley;
1688, Henry Jermyn, lord Jermyn of Dover ; 1688, sir Thomas

THE GUILDHALL. 139

Chicheley, restored; 1698, Edward Kussell, earl of Orford;
1727, Edward Harley, earl of Oxford and earl Mortimer;
1741, Henry Bromley, lord Montfort; 1755, Thomas Bromley,
lord Montfort ; 1800, John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland,
K.G. ; 1836, Francis Godolphin Osborne, lord Godolphin ;
1850, Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, earl Fitzwilliam, K.G. ;
1857, Thomas Babington Macaulay, lord Macaulay; 1860,
Francis Russell, duke of Bedford, K.G. ; 1861, William Caven-
dish, duke of Devonshire, K.G.

RECORDERS. — 1489, John Woode, esq. ; 1520, John Hynde,
serjeant-at-law (afterwards justice of the common pleas) ; 1545,
William Cooke, esq. (afterwards serjeant-at-law and eventually
justice of the common pleas) ; 1552, George Freville, esq.
(afterwards baron of the exchequer) ; 1558, Robert Shute, esq.
(afterwards baron of the exchequer, and eventually justice of
the queen's bench) ; 1570, Henry Carey, lord Hunsdon, K.G. ;
[Francis Brackyn, esq., deputy] ; 1595, sir Thomas Egerton,
afterwards successively lord-keeper, lord-chancellor, lord Elles-
mere and viscount Brackley ; 1600, sir John Fortescue ; 1607,
Francis Brackyn, esq.; 1624, Talbot Pepys, esq.; 1660, Roger
Pepys, esq. ; 1678, William Allington, lord Allington ; [1679,
Robert Wright, esq., deputy] ; 1684, sir Robert Wright,
baron of the exchequer, afterwards chief-justice of the king's
bench ; 1689, William Russell, earl of Bedford, afterwards duke
of Bedford; [1690, Tanfield Leman, esq., deputy] ; 1700, Robert
Drake, esq. ; 1702, sir John Cotton ; [John Welbore, esq.,
deputy] ; 1712-13, Samuel Gatward, esq.; 1742, Samuel Henry
Pont, esq. ; 1758, Thomas Hay, viscount Dupplin, afterwards
earl of Kinnoul ; [1758, Edward Leeds, esq., deputy; 1769,
Charles Nalson Cole, esq., deputy] ; 1788, John Mortlock, esq. ;
1788, Henry Somerset, duke of Beaufort; 1799, John Henry
Manners, duke of Rutland; 1800, Lord Charles Somerset
Manners; [1818, Robert Henry Blossett, serjeant-at-law, after-
wards a knight and chief justice in Bengal, deputy ; 1822,
Henry Storks, esq., deputy] ; 1836, Henry Storks, serjeant-at-
law; 1858, Robert Milnes Newton, esq.

TOWN CLERKS.— 15..., John Thirleby; 1557, Edward Ball;
1596, Henry Slegge; 1628, Roger Slegge; 1629, North
Harrison; 1631, John Harrison; 1660, Samuel Spalding, alder-

140 THE GUILDHALL.

man ; [John Sell, deputy] ; 1666, Edward Law, alderman ;
1674, William Baron; 1688, Francis Webb; 1688, William
Baron, restored; 1694, John Pyke; 1707, Thomas Fox, jun.,
alderman; 1719, Charles Chambers, alderman; [John York,
deputy]; 1732, Guy Sindrey, alderman; [1733, Thomas John-
son, deputy ; 1736, William Cropley, deputy] ; 1740, Thomas
York, alderman ; 1756, James Day ; 1788, Kobert White ;
1817, Pearse White; 1819, George Busby White; [1823,
Christopher Hore, deputy] ; 1830, Charles Pestell Harris ;
[Aaron Chevell, deputy] ; 1836, Francis John Gunning; 1840,
Charles Pestell Harris, restored ; [Orlando Hyde, deputy] ;
1849, Charles Henry Cooper.

CLEEKS OP THE PEACE. — 1836, William Garfit Ashton ;
1855, William Cockerell.

TREASURERS. — 1794, John Spencer; 1819, John Spencer;
1836, William Herring Smith; 1857, Patrick Beales, jun.

CORONERS. — 1836, Charles Henry Cooper; 1849, David
King; 1858, Edmond Foster.

The regalia of the corporation consists of five
handsome silver gilt maces, carried before the mayor
on state occasions. The larger mace, which weighs
one hundred and fifty-three ounces, was presented
in 1710 by Samuel Shepherd, jun. esq. M.P. The
other four were the gift of Thomas Bacon, esq. M.P.
in 1724.

The corporation obtained a grant of arms and
supporters from Eobert Cooke, Clarenceux king of
arms, on the 7th of June, 1575.

The common seal whereon are the town arms,
and the circumscription " Sigillurn Communitatis
villas Cantabrigiae," was presented in 1736, by the
earl of Oxford and earl Mortimer, high steward.

THE TOWN GAOL.

IN the preceding1 account of the Guildhall mention
has been made of the grant which the burgesses
obtained from Henry III. of the house of Benjamin,
and the conversion of part thereof into a gaol for
the town, which, as well as the adjoining Guildhall,
was commonly called the Tolbooth.

In November, 1601, queen Elizabeth granted to
the university the custody of the house of Benjamin
at the annual rent of 15s. A similar grant was
made by James I. on the 6th of July, 1603. These
grants gave rise to a suit between the university
and town, which was, in 1607, decided in favour
of the latter body.

On 14th of August, 1622, the corporation made
an order that the gaoler of the Tolbooth, at his
own cost, should yearly be charged with repairing
and cleaning the gaol and the bolts, shackles, and

142 THE TOWN GAOL.

implements, the town first putting the gaol into
repair and finding sufficient bolts, shackles, and im-
plements. The gaoler at this period had no salary,
his emoluments arising solely from fees and per-
quisites.

A place called Tanners' or Leathersellers' hall
Was added to the Tolbooth as a house of correction
in 1631.

In the seventeenth century mention is made of
parts of the Tolbooth called the Witches' gaol, the
Star chamber, Pilate's chamber, and Debtors' hall.
On 16th of May, 1661, the corporation ordered that
Pilate's chamber and Debtors' hall should be made
into a dwelling house for the gaoler, and let to
him for three years at six per cent, on the money
to be expended.

Bequests to the poor prisoners in the Tolbooth
are of frequent occurrence in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries, and the corporation used to
provide an alms-basket for the collection of broken
victuals for them.

Edmund Carter, writing in 1749, thus describes
the gaol :

The Town Gaol adjoining to the Town Hall, is a most
shocking place to be confined in, especially for food, lodging,
and air, all which are there but very indifferent.

On 3rd of April, 1789, John Doggett the gaoler
presented a petition to the justices in which he
stated that the profits from the gaolers' former privi-
lege of selling ale were considered a reasonable
allowance for keeping the gaol. The court ordered
him a salary of £10 per annum.

THE TOWN GAOL. 143

In 1790 the gaol was removed from the building
adjoining the Guildhall, called the Tolbooth, to a
newly erected edifice at the back of the Spinning
house. This gaol cost the town £911. 10s.

In 1829 the present spacious and commodious
gaol, which is situate on the western side of Parker's
piece and occupies two acres, was erected from a
design by William Mackintosh Brookes, esq., B.A.
of Peterhouse. It was built under a local act 7
& 8 Geo. IV. cap. cxi., which was amended by
the local act 2 & 3 Viet. cap. ix.

The total cost of erecting the gaol and of
obtaining and executing the acts relating thereto,
including interest on loans, was nearly £25,000.
The gaol debt was finally paid off in 1847.

THE SPINNING HOUSE.

THOMAS HOBSON, the celebrated Cambridge carrier,
on 30th of July, 1628, conveyed to certain members
of the university and inhabitants of the town, a
messuage and premises in the parish of S. Andrew,
without Barnwell gate, upon trust for the erection,
by the university and town, of a house for setting
the poor to work, and as a house of correction for
unruly and stubborn rogues, beggars, and other
poor persons who should refuse to work, and to
provide a stock of wool, flax, and other materials
for setting the poor to work.

By a codicil to his will (dated on the day of
his death, 1st January, 1630-1) he gave to the
corporation £100 to purchase lands, the rents to be
employed towards the maintenance of the house of
correction and workhouse and of the poor who
should be set to work there for ever.

This legacy, and the residue of a sum collected
for the relief of the afflicted by the plague, were
in 1632 and 1634 invested in the purchase of lands
in Cottenham, Over, and Willingham, the yearly
rents to be employed towards the maintenance of
the house of correction and the setting the poor
on work.

Roger Thompson of Cambridge, brewer, in 1642

THE SPINNING HOUSE. 145

bequeathed £200 to the workhouse, and this sum
was, in 1646, invested in the purchase of lands in
Westwick.

George Griffith, M.A., in 1686, bequeathed £100;
and subsequently Henry Jaines, D.D., president of
Queens' college, gave £20 to the workhouse.

Edmund Carter, in 1749, gives the following
description of the Spinning house :

The Bridewell (called by the inhabitants the Spinning
House) is pleasantly situated near the fields at the south end
of the Parish of Great St. Andrews, and is chiefly used for
the confinement of such lewd women as the Proctors apprehend
in houses of ill fame; though sometimes the Corporation send
small offenders thither, and the crier of the town is often there
to discipline the ladies of pleasure with his whip.

In proof of his veracity as respects the con-
cluding statement, it may be noted that the treasurer
of the workhouse in his accounts, 1748 to 1749,
makes this charge : " Paid Horner Johnson, by
order of Mr. Vice- Chancellor, for whipping ten
women 10s." This Horner Johnson was the town
crier.

John Bowtell, in 1813, bequeathed £500, three
per cent, stock, to the trustees of the workhouse
for putting out poor boys, natives of the town, as
apprentices.

Soon after the present town gaol was erected
the town magistrates ceased to make commitments
to the Spinning house.

In October, 1833, an information was filed in
the court of chancery, having for its object the
better regulation of this charity, and on the 4th of
VOL. in. L

146 THE SPINNING HOUSE.

August, 1852, the court approved of a scheme for
the future management thereof.

By this scheme the northern part of the building
is used by the university as a house of correction
for the reception and confinement of common women
and prostitutes apprehended by the proctors or
committed by the vice-chancellor, and the southern
part by the town as a lock-up house and police-
station.

The general management of the affairs of the
charity is vested in the vice-chancellor and six
members of the senate, and the mayor and six
members of the council.

Of the annual rents and income £75 is paid
to the university for the repair of their portion of
the Spinning house, and the rates and taxes there-
upon, and the insurance thereof; £75 is paid to the
corporation for the like purposes as regards their
portion; a sum not exceeding £25 is paid to the
clerk and treasurer; £30 is to be expended (as
Mr. Bowtell's benefaction) in putting out poor boys,
natives of the town, as apprentices ; and the residue
is applied in donations to schools (including in-
dustrial schools) for the education of poor boys and
girls within the limits of the university and borough,
or in any contiguous parish where children of poor
persons residing within such limits are educated,
or in apprenticing poor boys and girls. One half
of the residue is in the disposition of the uni-
versity governors and the other half of the town
governors.

The portion of the Spinning house which is

THE UNION WORKHOUSE. 147

used as a police-station has a neat stone frontis-
piece of Jacobean architecture, designed by James
Walter, esq. In the rear (and on the spot where
stood the Town gaol of 1790) is a commodious
residence for the chief superintendent of police.

THE UNION WORKHOUSE.

THE fourteen parishes in Cambridge were con-
stituted a Poor Law Union by an order of the
Poor Law Commissioners made 19th March, 1836.
Four guardians are annually elected by the parish
of S. Andrew the less, and two by each of the
other parishes.

A spacious and commodious workhouse was soon
afterwards erected in Mill road, S. Andrew the less,
from a design by John Smith, esq.

Under the Cambridge Award Act, 1856, union
rating has been established. That act also contains
provisions for ascertaining, at certain intervals, the
annual rateable value of the property occupied by
the university and colleges.

ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.

JOHN ADDENBROOKE, born in Staffordshire, in or
about 1682, was admitted a pensioner of Catha-
rine hall, 13th of December, 1697, proceeding B.A.
1701-2, and being elected a fellow of his college,
25th of March, 1704, and admitted 13th of April
following. He commenced M.A. 1705, and on the
3rd of September, 1706, was admitted an extra licen-
tiate of the college of physicians, being represented
as then of West Bromwich in his native county.
On the 1st of November, 1709, he was chosen bursar
of Catharine hall for the year ensuing. He was
created M.D. 1712, and vacated his fellowship
about Lady-day 1715, probably on account of
marriage. He would seem to have practised his
faculty for some years at Cambridge, but of his
professional career little is known. He died the
7th of June, 1719, and is commemorated by the

ADDEXBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 149

following inscription on a flat marble in the chapel
of Catharine hall, where he was buried.

M.S.

JOHANNIS ADDENBROOKE, M.D.
de Swinford Regis in Comitatu Staffordiae

Hujus Collegii olim Socii
Obiit 7mo Junii Anno Domini 1719. Stalls 39.

He was the author of A Short Essay upon Free
Thinking. Lond. 8vo. 1714.

His medicine chest is still preserved in the library
of Catharine hall.

By his will dated 1st of May, 1719, Dr. Adden-
brooke bequeathed above £4000 after the death of
his wife upon trust to hire, fit up, purchase, or erect
a building fit for a small physical hospital in the
town of Cambridge for poor people, and he directed
that any poor sick person of any parish or county
should be admitted if there should be room and the
revenue would answer.

The trustees(0) expended £817. 85. 3d. in the
purchase of a garden and of divers tenements for

(a) The trustees appointed by the court of chancery in 1758, were :

James Burrough, esq., (afterwards sir James Burrough), master of
Caius college.

John Green, D.D., master of Corpus Christi college, afterwards bishop
of Lincoln.

Roger Long, D.D., master of Pembroke hall.

William Richardson, D.D., master of Emmanuel college.

John Sumner, D.D., provost of King's college.

Edmund Law, D.D., master of Peterhouse, afterwards bishop of Carlisle.

Thomas Chapman, D.D., master of Magdalen college.

Hugh Thomas, D.D., master of Christ's college.

Lynford Caryl, D.D., fellow, afterwards master of Jesus college.

Francis Sawyer Parris, D.D., master of Sidney college.

Kenrick Prescott, D.D., master of Catharine hall.

150 ADDENBEOOKE'S HOSPITAL.

the site of the hospital; £3073. Ss. 4JJ. in the
building and about the ground; and £119. Is. 5d.
in furniture. By the above expenditure, some great
losses, taxes, and law charges, the capital was
reduced to £1804. 16s. ±d. whereof £1600 was in
the £3 per cents.

On the 30th of April, 1766, a public meeting of
gentlemen of the university, town, and county was
held at the hospital, at the instance of the trustees,
in order to devise means to support the institution.
The vice-chancellor and mayor were desired to
issue circular letters soliciting subscriptions, which
they accordingly did, and this appeal met with
such success that the hospital was opened for the
reception of patients on Michaelmas day in that
year.

On the 30th of May, 1767, the royal assent was
given to an act of parliament (7 Geo. III. cap. 99),
whereby a corporation by the name of the president
and governors of Addenbrooke's hospital in the town
of Cambridge was established. The lord-lieutenant
of the county for the time being was constituted
president, and the chancellor and vice-chancellor of
the university, the bishop of Ely, the high-steward
of the town, the high-sheriff of the county, the repre-
sentatives in parliament for the county, university,
and town, and the mayor for the time being, together
with all contributors of £21 or upwards at one time,
all annual subscribers of two guineas and upwards,
and the physicians and surgeons, were constituted
governors.

Due provision was made for transferring the hos-

ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 151

pital, and the funds in the hands of the trustees,
to the president and governors, and the act directs
that general courts shall be held four times in
every year, or oftener if occasion should require.

Numerous donations and bequests have been made
to this hospital. Amongst them we may enumerate
the following :

Her Most Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria, (1847) £105 ;
H.K.H. Albert Prince Consort, (1847) £105; H.R.H. Albert
Edward Prince of Wales, (1861) £100; Mrs. Ackers and
Mrs. Graves (1779) five messuages in Cambridge; Miss Barker
(1791) £363. 15s. 10^.; Mr. Edmund Baron (1787) £200 stock;
rev. Edward Betham, M.A., fellow of King's college, (1784)
£300 stock; Mr. John Bowtell (1813) £7000 stock; Mrs.
Cawthorne (1767) six acres of land in Bamwell; Mrs. Catha-
rine Collignon (1832) £1000 stock; Mrs. Cotton of Welwyn
(1832) £225 ; Mrs. Cranmer of Quendon hall, Essex, (1844)
£584. 13s. 4c?. ; rev. James Devie, vicar of Standground, (1802)
£200; Robert Leslie Ellis, esq., M.A. of Trinity college,
(1845-59) £464. 7s. \d.', Mr. Fison (1849) £450; Mr. Robert
Franks (1783) £200; William Greaves, esq., M.A., (1789) £200;
rev. John Griffith, B.D., minor canon of Ely, (1861) about £4000 ;
John Hall, esq., of Weston Colville (1826-39) £210. 10s. ; Miss
Ann Hatton of Longstanton (1842) £200; Miss Elizabeth
Hatton of Longstanton (1846) £1200; Isaac Hawkins, esq.,
(1802) £800 stock; rev. William Hetherington, M.A., fellow of
Eton college, (1768, 1779) £550 ; rev. James Hicks of Wilbraham
Temple (1825) £200 ; Mrs. Hicks of Wilbraham Temple (1825)
£200; Mr. Harrnan James (1815) £200; Soame Jenyns, esq.,
M.P., (1767, 1788) £150; Abraham Jobson, D.D., vicar of
Wisbech S. Peter, (1822-1824) £200; rev. Frederick Kellar,
vicar of Kelshall, (1809) £300; Thomas Lombe, esq., (1801,
1802) £352. 10s. ; John Henry Manners, duke of Rutland,
(1802, 1824) £210; Charles Maynard, viscount Maynard, (1828)
£1140; Moore Merideth, B.D., fellow of Trinity College, £280
stock ; Mr. Joseph Merrill (1803, 1806) £600 ; Richard Moss, esq.
of Milton on Thames (1847) £500 ; A. Newton, esq. of Lich-

152 ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL.

field, (1811) £200; Francis Godolphin Osborne, lord Godolphin,
(1802, 1822) £315 ; Jonathan Page, esq. of Ely, (1840) £500 ;
Mr. Robert Peck (1805) £200; Christopher Pembertoii, esq.,
(1851) £450; rev. Robert Beresford Podmore, M.A., vicar of
Kirby Monks, (1843) £200 ; John Russell, duke of Bedford,
(1824, 1832) £205; Mr. Samuel Salmon (1849) £800; Miss
E. F. Sell of Bassingbourn (1859) £500; rev. Joseph Shaw,
B.D., fellow and sometime master of Christ's college, lands
at Willingham; Mr. Daniel Slack (1810) £338. Is. 8^.;
rev. Thomas Spencer, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, (1781,
1790) £200; Edward Stadderd, esq. of St. Ives, (1782, 1783)
£300; George Thackeray, D.D., provost of King's college,
(1851) £1000 stock; John Torkington, D.D., master of Clare
hall, (1815) £200 stock; John Trigg, esq. of Melbourn Bury,
(1823) £200; Mr. Bates Francis Tunwell (1806) £250 stock;
Miss Ann Turner (1844) £200 ; Mrs. Mary Watts (1837) £200 ;
Mr. Samuel Widnall of Grantchester, florist, (1840, 1842)
£440. Is. 3 d. ; Mrs. Wortham of Royston (1828, 1829) £250 ;
Philip Yorke, second earl of Hardwicke, (1767, 1790) £600;
Philip Torke, third earl of Hardwicke, (1803) £150.

In 1822, two wings were added to the hospital,
and the colonnade in front was erected from a design
by Charles Humfrey, esq.

The Board-room contains portraits of Mr. John
Bowtell; John Newling, esq., alderman, many
years treasurer of this hospital ; and Frederick
Thackeray, M.D.

The hospital contains upwards of one hundred
beds.

During the year ending Michaelmas, 1861, there
were six hundred and eighty-one in-patients, and
one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine out-
patients. The total number of patients cured from
the openihg of the hospital to the above date, was
sixty-three thousand four hundred and sixty-nine.

ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL. 153

The annual income of the hospital is about
£3000. Of this sum nearly half arises from rents
of estates and interest on stock.

The amount of stock standing in the public funds
in the name of the president and governors at
Michaelmas, 1861, was £43,448. 5s. Sd. Of this
sum £2,675. 17 s. Id. belongs to the building fund.

A Samaritan fund was established in 1806.

The parochial clergy and certain clerical members
of the university visit the hospital in rotation.

Certificates of attendance on the practice in this
hospital are recognized by the university, the
college of physicians, the college of surgeons, and
the society of apothecaries of London.

THE OLD PERSE SCHOOL.

THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

STEPHEN PEKSE, born at Norwich in 1550, was
matriculated as a sizar of Gonville and Caius college
12th of November, 1565. He migrated to S. John's
college and went out there as B.A. 1568-9. Re-
turning to Caius college he commenced M.A. 1572,
and soon afterwards became a fellow; he took holy-
orders, but subsequently changed his profession to
physic, being created M.D. 1581. He practised the
medical profession in Cambridge and acquired great
wealth. At the time of his death which occurred
30th of September, 1615, he was the senior fellow
of Caius college. He was interred in the chapel
of that house, where is a large mural monument,
with his figure in his doctor's robes, and the following
inscription :

THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 155

PJLENOMEN STEPHANVS COGNOMEN PERSE VOCATVM,

SOLA DEO SOLI VITA CORONA FVIT,
CVM VIVENTE DEO EEMANET MI HI VITA PERENNIS,

JAMQVE CANO SOLI nANTOTE AOHA 0E&,

H^EC MORIENS CECINI LECTVRO PfiRSEVS IPSE,
NON VLLI MELIVS QVAM MIHI NOTVS EKAM.

CHRISTIN, SVRNAMDE, STEPHAN PERSE I HIGHT,
SOLE LIFE WITH GOD ALONE, MY CROWNE, MY LIGHT,

WITH LIVING GOD ETERNALL LIFE I LIVE,
THIS NOW MY SONG, TO SOLE GOD PRAISE I GIVE,

THIS EPITAPH BY ME PERSE WAS DEVIZ'D,
TO NONE ELSE BETTER WERE MY THOVGHTS COMPRIZ'D.

Hie Stephanus Perse, Medicinae Doctor, per Quadraginta
annos Socius hujus Collegij, requiescit, qui moriens donavit
quinque inille Librarum, quibus anuui Redditus ducentarum et
quinquaginta Libraruin emerentur, tit ex ijs, Socij sex, sex
scholares, sex Eleemosinarij, Ludimagister et Hypodidasculus
alerentur, et Stipendia Custodis hujus Collegij et quatour
Seniorum Sociorum, et Sociorum Jocosa? Franckelande augeren-
tur, Qui legavit quingentas Libras ad Cubicula suis Socijs et
Scholaribus in Collegio sedificanda, Qui Gramraatieam Scholam
ad centum Discipulos recipiendum idoneam et domum ad suorum
Eleemosinariorum habitationem extrui, "Viamque a villa Cantab,
ad Pontem Stirbrigiensem, ex relictis Bonis perfici, ultima vol-
untatate mandavit. Yixit annos 65. mortuus est ultimo Sept.
Anno 1615.

He has latin verses in the university collection
on the death of queen Elizabeth and the accession
of James I. 1603.

Notwithstanding the large sums he gave to cha-
ritable uses, he was not unmindful of his relatives
and friends. Amongst his bequests to personal friends
is the following in favour of his more celebrated
contemporary William Butler, fellow of Clare hall:
"Item, to Mr. William Butler of Cambridge, physi-

156 THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

cian, to make him a ringe in token of my especial
love to him £3. 6s. 8d."

By his will, which is dated only three days be-
fore his death, he gave to his executors and others
certain lands, part of the site of the dissolved house
of Augustinian friars, in order to erect and build
thereon a grammar free-school, with one lodging
chamber for the master and another for the usher,
and he willed his executors to use their best means
for obtaining two hundred marks theretofore given
by Mr. Thomas Cropley and Mr. Bridon,(a) to such
an use and action when it should go forward. He
also empowered his executors with the approbation
of the justices of assize, to make ordinances for the
school, and directed that the schoolmaster and usher
should be graduates of the university of Cambridge,
the schoolmaster M.A. and the usher B.A. at least.
On every avoidance of those places, he willed any
that had been educated in the same school, if found
fit, should have preferment thereto before others.
He further willed, that five-score scholars born in
Cambridge, Barnwell, Chesterton, or Trumpington,
and no more nor any other should be in the said

(a) William Bridon, M.A. of Clare hall (who dwelt on the Market hill
in the parish of S. Mary the great) in or after 1589 gave by will 100
marks towards founding a grammar school in Cambridge, or for some
other work for the encouragement of learning.

Thomas Cropley, M.A., of Clare hall, by will dated 24th of November,
1607, and proved before Dr. Thomas Jegon, vice-chancellor 17th of
July, 1609, bequeathed 100 marks for the founding of a free grammar
school in Cambridge, or for some other charitable work of perpetuity
and especially for the maintenance of learning. This sum to be joined
to the bequest of Mr. William Bridon to the like purpose.

It ia unknown whether Dr. Perse's executors succeeded in obtaining
these bequests.

THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 157

free school taught and instructed, and those freely.
The schoolmaster was to be paid £40 and the
usher £20 per annum. In all elections to the six
scholarships founded by him at Caius college,
he willed that such as had been instructed and
taught in his free -school for three years at least being
fit scholars, should be elected and advanced before
any other, and that in all elections to the six fellow-
ships founded by him in the same college, his
scholars being fit, should be elected and preferred
before any other.

The school was erected soon after Dr. Perse's
death, and ordinances for its government were made
by his executors, (fl) with the approval of the justices
of assize, (6) the 10th of February, 1623-4.

In 1686, George Griffith, M.A., who was for
thirty-four years master of the school, bequeathed
£100 as a supplement to its revenues.

An information with a view to the better manage-
ment of this school and the other foundations of
Dr. Perse, was filed in the court of chancery in or
about 1833. Answers having been put in, the cause
was heard 31st of May, 1837, before lord Langdale,(c)
master of the rolls, who declared that the school
was exclusively entitled to the interest of the £100

(a) Valentine Carey, bishop of Exeter ; Martin Perse ; and Robert
Spicer, gentlemen.

(5) Sir James Ley (afterwards earl of Marlborough), and Sir John
Doddridge.

(c) His lordship (when Mr. Bickersteth) had himself as one of the four
seniors of Caius college been a trustee of Dr. Perse's benefactions. In or
about 1830, he voluntarily returned to the college nearly £800 which had
been paid him out of the Perse fund, but to which he conceived he was not
justly entitled.

158 THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

bequeathed by Mr. Griffith, and to the income of
an estate in Freeschool lane. His lordship ordered
a reference to the master as to the property of the
trust, and directed him to approve of new schemes
for the general administration of such property and
the future conduct and management of the school.

On the 31st of July, 1841, sir Giffin Wilson, the
master to whom the cause stood referred, made a
report respecting the property applicable to the pur-
poses of Dr. Perse's benefactions/"1 and approving
of schemes as to the general administration of the
property and application of the income, and as to
the conduct and management of the school. These
schemes were in due course confirmed by the court
of chancery.

The annual payment to the master of the school
is fixed at £300, and to the usher £150.

The scholars are to be taught in all instruction
and learning fit to be learnt in a grammar-school,

(a) The following is an account of the estates and funded property then
applicable to Dr. Perse's benefactions, with the gross annual income thereof :

TOWN OF CAMBRIDGE : — School and houses of the master
and usher ; the almshouses and garden adjoining ; and four
houses in Freeschool lane . . . . 61 0 0

ESSEX : — Manor of Frating hall ; Frating hall farm ;
Paine's farm in Great and Little Bentley ; Dairy farm in
Frating and Bentley; Crabtree farm in Great and Little
Bentley and Bromley; Hockley farm in Frating and Elm-
stead ; Frating woods ; Portion of tithes in Much Bentley ;
Lamb's farm in Chich Saint Osyth ; messuage and land in
Alresford, Elmstead, and Frating .... 1727 3 0

SUFFOLK : — Land in Lawshall . . . 35 0 0

NORFOLK :— Land in West Dereham . . 90 0 0

STOCK : — £23,100 £3 per cent, consols . . . 693 0 0

£2400 New South sea annuities . . . 72 0 0

£2678 3 0

The school is entitled to £24 per cent, of the net income.

THE PERSE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. 159

and also in writing, reading, arithmetic, and elemen-
tary mathematics.

Each free scholar is to pay a fee of 20s. on
entrance, and for his instruction in reading, writing,
and arithmetic, 10-5. entrance-fee, and also 105. per
half-year.

An assistant usher to teach writing and arithmetic
is to be appointed, and provision is made for his
remuneration.

No more nor any other than the one hundred
free scholars are to be taught in the school, except
further sufficient help besides the assistant usher,
be provided by the master and usher with the assent
of the supervisors. Paying scholars are to pay £5
for entrance and 20s. per half-year.

The free scholars are to be elected quarterly
by the supervisors, after public advertisement of the
number of vacancies.

Scholars are not to be elected under ten nor above
fourteen years of age, and no scholar is to continue
in the school longer than the Midsummer vacation
next after he shall have attained the age of eighteen.

When there is any scholar's place void, a poor
man's child is to be preferred to it before a rich,
so that he make suit for it in time.

An examination as to the proficiency of the
scholars in classical and mathematical learning, is
to take place at Midsummer yearly by two persons
being M.A. at least appointed by the supervisors,
and not being the master or usher, and provision
is made for prizes in books and for payment of the
examiners.

160 THE PEESE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.

The places of schoolmaster and usher are not
tenable with a fellowship or any ecclesiastical living,
except for six months in the former case and twelve
in the latter.

The supervisors of the trust and the patrons of
the school are the master and four senior fellows
of Caius college.

In pursuance of directions contained in one of
the foregoing schemes, the school with the houses
of the master and usher were soon afterwards rebuilt
from the designs of John Smith, esq., architect.
The fine open timber roof of the old school was
replaced on the new.

On the west wall of the school is a framed
board, whereon is inscribed as follows :

Jeremy Taylor . Fellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1633.
Bishop of Down Connor and of Dromore, 1660-1.

Charles Clayton, Browne Medallist 1833-34.

Fellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1836.

William Brown, Fellow of S. John's college . . . 1843.

"VVilliamW.HuttjFellow of Gonville and Caius college . 1845.

John "Wisken, Fellow of Gonville and Gains college . 1848.

Peter H. Mason, Tyrwhitt's Hebrew scholar . . . 1851.

Fellow of S. John's college .... 1854.

Joseph Prior, Fellow of Trinity college .... 1860.

STEPHANVS PERSE, FVNDATOR, ANNO DOMINI MDCXV, QVI
FACIT PER ALIVM FACIT PERSE.

The school flourished greatly in the seventeenth
century, during the masterships of Thomas Lover-
ing and George Griffith, and it is probable that
the admission books of the colleges would furnish
many additional names to the foregoing list.

THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS.

ABOUT the middle of 1703 a voluntary sub-
scription was opened under the patronage of Dr.
Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, and with the
encouragement of Dr. Richard Bentley, archdeacon
of Ely, and several of the heads of colleges, for
the establishment of charity schools in the town of
Cambridge.

From an entry then made in the books of the
charity, the design appears to have been to train
up poor children in the knowledge and practice of
the Christian religion, as professed and taught in
the church of England, and to teach them such other
things as might be most suitable to their condition ;
in order to which, schoolmasters and mistresses were
to be appointed and directed by the ministers and
lecturers in the town and liberty of Cambridge, with
the licence and approbation of the bishop, to teach
all the children to say the church catechism, and
such collects or prayers in the church liturgy, to-
gether with short graces, as the ministers and
lecturers should judge proper to be used by them
in the schools and at home. They were to take
care that all the children should be brought to church
twice every Lord's day, at the beginning of divine
service. The boys were to be taught to read, write,
and cast accounts ; the girls to read, write, and work.
VOL. m. M

162 THE OLD CHARITY SCHOOLS.

The ministers and lecturers were to meet every
quarter, to take care of the good government of the
schools, and some of them every month, to examine
into the improvement of the children in the several
particulars above mentioned, and to hear them say,
and instruct them in, the church catechism, in some
parish church. They were also to take care that
a fair account should be kept of all receipts and dis-
bursements, ready for the view of all the contributors,
or others who might have reason to desire to know how
the charity was disposed of.

The rev. William Whiston, M.A., Lucasian pro-
fessor, and catechetical lecturer at S. Clement's,
was one of the chief promoters of the establishment
of these schools. He preached at Trinity church
on the 25th of January, 1704-5, from 2 Tim. iii. 15,
when the several teachers of the schools appeared
with the poor children under their care in number
about three hundred. This sermon was printed
under the title of Charity schools recommended,
being republished amongst his Sermons and Essays
upon several subjects 1709, when he appended
A Particular Account of the Charity Schools in Cam-
bridge. He acted as treasurer of the schools from
their establishment till 1710, when he was expelled
the university for heretical opinions. The rev.
Godfrey Washington, M.A., fellow of Peterhouse, and
minister of S. Mary the less, then took the principal
care of the schools till his death in 1729.(o)

(a) See Memoirs of the Life of Mr. William Whiston, 2nd edit. 116,
125, 316 ; Whiston's Hist. Pref. to Primitive Christianity reviv'd, 109, App. 5 ;
Whiston's Sermons and Essays, 99-144.

THE OLD CHAEITY SCHOOLS. 163

The following is a list of the principal donations
to these schools :

Sir Isaac Newton (1709) £10; William Worts, esq., M.A.
of Catharine hall (1712) £30 per annum ; Charles Otway, LL.D.,
fellow of S. John's college (1720) £300; John Covel, some-
time cook of Christ's college (1722-24) £150 ; Mrs. Ann Kobson,
of Great S. Andrew's (1733) £50 ; John Newcome, D.D., master
of S. John's college (1765) £50; John Porter, butler of
Trinity college (1773) £100; Mrs. Elizabeth Hide (1777) £150;
rev. Thomas Spencer, M.A., fellow of Trinity College (1782-1790)
£100; Lynford Caryl, D.D., master of Jesus college £100;
Mr. Robert Franks (1783) £50; Leonard Chappelow, B.D.,
professor of arabic (1784) £50 ; Mr. Cheetham(1787) £100 ; Mrs.
Toms (1789) £50; Mrs. Barker (1792) £100; a clergyman
(1792) £50 17s. Od. : a friend by the rev. Charles Simeon, M.A.
of King's college (1794) £215; Thomas Lombe, esq. (1801)
£200; Joseph Merrill, bookseller (1805) £200; rev. Eobert
Tyrwhitt, M.A. of Jesus college (1809) £50; rev. William
Farish, M.A., Jacksonian professor (1836) £100; a friend by
rev. H. H. Swinny, M.A. of Magdalen college (1842) £50 ; Charles
Perry, bishop of Melbourne (1847) site of the schools in Russell
street.

The several schools now under the management
of the governors or to which they have the privilege
of sending scholars, and the average number of
children under instruction are as follows :

BARNWELL (established 1835).
Boys . . . . 202

Girls . • « \ , ^ 89

Infants . . . .140

431

KING STREET.

Boys (established 1856) . , 88

Girls (established 1816) . . 80

Infants (established 1826) . . 91

259

M 2

164 THE OLD CHAEITY SCHOOLS,

S. PAUL'S.

Boys (established 1845) . . 254

Girls (established 1845) . 172

Infants (established 1828) . . 160

- 58S

CASTLE END.

(established 1808) . .164

(established 1847) . 100

Infants (established 1826) . . 123

- . 387

1663

From Mr. Worts's annuity and land at Fulbourn,
purchased with part of Mr. Covel's benefaction,
£42. 10s. per annum is obtained. The annual
subscriptions for the year ending Michaelmas, 1861,
were £230. 9s. 6df. In the same period £189. 11s. Qd.
was collected after sermons preached for the charity,
and £384 and upwards was received in pence paid
by the children. The ordinary expenditure during
the year was £889. 3s. llf d.

The incumbents and curates of the several
parishes are ex-officio governors of these most excel-
lent and beneficial schools.

(a) This school is not under the management of the governors, but they
pay £15 per annum towards the expences and have the privilege of sending
children to it.

(6) Carried on from its establishment till 1861 at the sole charge of the
rev. W. F. Witts, M.A., fellow of King's college and curate of S. Giles.

BRITISH SCHOOLS.

THESE schools situate in Fitzroy street, are under
the controul of the British School society, established
4th August, 1840.

Mr. Samuel Salmon (1848) bequeathed £300, and
William Adams, esq. (1849) £100 to the school.

The average number of scholars for the year
ending Michaelmas, 1861, was as follows :

Boys . . . . .97

Girls . . . . . 118

Infants . . . . .154

~369

The income principally arises from the children's
pence and an allowance from government. The sub-
scriptions during the last year were less than £70.

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

THIS school in Victoria road Chesterton, was
established at a public meeting, held at the Guild-
hall, 6th December, 1847.

By deed dated 4th June, 1849, the site of the
school was conveyed to Thomas lord bishop of Ely,
and his successors upon trust to permit the premises
and all buildings thereon to be used as a school
for children and adults, or children only of the

166 ALMSHOUSES.

labouring manufacturing and other poorer classes in
the borough of Cambridge, such school to be always
conducted upon the principles of the established
church, and to be open to government inspection.

The site, buildings and fittings of the school cost
about £850.

The school is supported by donations and sub-
scriptions aided by a grant from government.

Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850 bequeathed
£100 to the school.

ALMSHOUSES.

HOSPITAL OF S. ANTHONY AND S. ELIGIUS. This
hospital, originally designed for lepers, was founded
in the parish of S. Benedict by Henry de Tangmer,
burgess of Cambridge, who died about 1361.

By an indenture dated 28 January, 17 Henry
VIII. [1525-6], the mayor bailiffs and burgesses
demised to Robert Brunne and Margaret his wife,
the leper's house, commonly called the Spetyl house,
with the appurtenances situate and lying at the
south end of the town, together with a garden to the
same adjacent, with all appurtenances, to hold to them
for their lives and the life of the survivor, to receive
leprous men and women into the same, and to
collect the alms of Christians, with other profits
and emoluments to the use behoof and sustenta-
tion of the house aforesaid, and the leprous men
and women being in the same, and to appoint under
them a collector or collectors of alms and other profits.

ALMSHOUSES. 167

The mayor and aldermen had the government
and patronage till 1836, when they were transferred
to the municipal charity trustees.

Six widows are now maintained therein.

The endowment consists of an annual allowance
from the Borough fund, lands at Fulbourn, a small
annual rent payable out of lands in the parish of
S. Benedict, and money in the public funds.

Richard Chevin, burgess and baker, by will in
1559 gave the profits of lands in Chesterton held
for the residue of a term of ninety-nine years.

Catharine Smith, widow of William Smith, D.D.,
provost of King's college, in 1621 gave £50 to the
corporation, who in consideration thereof, covenanted
to pay £4 per annum to the poor lame diseased
and impotent people resident in these almshouses.

Thomas Day in 1681, gave on S. Thomas's day
in every other year, twelve grey or russet warm cloth
coats for the twelve poor men or women that in-
habited the Spital house.

Gilbert Ives, who died in 1825, gave £200 for
certain purposes which terminated in 1851, when
the remaining portion of the fund was transferred
to the trustees of this hospital.

Mrs. Anne Turner, in 1844 bequeathed £400
for augmenting the allowance of the inmates.

William Mortlock, esq., sometime alderman, in and
before 1848, collected £308. 9s. M. for the further
endowment of this hospital.

Mr. Samuel Salmon in 1848 bequeathed £400,
William Adams, esq., in 1849 £200, and Miss
Harriet Simpson in 1860 £100 in augmentation of

168 ALMSHOUSES.

the endowment which was also increased in 1861 by
the sum of £94. 10s. realised by the sale of Stokys's
almshouses.(o)

In 1852 the old hospital was taken down and the
site, for which the improvement commissioners paid
£300, thrown into Trumpington street.

A new hospital in Henrietta street, S. Andrew
the less, having been erected from the designs of
R. R. Rowe, esq., architect, the inmates removed
thereto on Michaelmas day 1852.

The cost of the new hospital was £1075. 9s. 2d.,
of which sum the corporation paid £481. 13s. 2d,
The residue was defrayed by the sums received for
the site of the old hospital and the old materials.
The sum of £305. 19s. was also raised by subscrip-
tion. Of this sum £266 was applied to the cost of
the building and the balance in augmentation of the
endowment.

At the east end of the present hospital are tablets
thus inscribed :

The Hospital of Saint Anthony and Saint Eligius, founded
in the Parish of Saint Benedict, in or about 1361, by Henry de
Tangmer, Burgess of this Town.

Here re-erected at the charge of the Town, aided by
Voluntary Contributions, in the Mayoralties of William Warren,
and Elliot Smith, Esquires, 1851 and 1852.

(a) These almshouses were erected by Matthew Stokys, M.A., registrary,
and one of the esquire bedels of the university, about 1585, in Wall's lane,
now called King street, in the parish of the Holy Trinity, and endowed
by his will, dated 17 November, 1590, with leasehold estates. The leases
having long since expired, the charity commissioners directed the alms-
houses to be sold, and the proceeds applied as an augmentation of the
endowment of the hospital of SS. Anthony and Eligius.

ALMSHOUSES. 169

There are also in front statues of S. Anthony and
,S. Eligius, (given by Mr. Rowe the architect and
Messrs. Bell the builders) the arms of the town and
of De Tangmer, and the emblems of the patron saints,
(a bell and tau cross for S. Anthony, and a hammer
and horse-shoe for S. Eligius).

By a deed dated 7th August, 1851, the corporation
covenanted to keep the new hospital in repair.

In addition to the money payments the inmates
receive certain small allowances of bread weekly from
S. Peter's, Clare, Pembroke, Corpus Christi, King's,
Queens', S. Catharine's and Trinity colleges.

JACKENETT' s ALMSHOUSES. — At Easter, 1469, the
mayor bailiffs and burgesses conveyed to Thomas
Jackenett and Thomas Eben and their heirs, a parcel
of ground next the churchyard of S. Mary the great,
for building alnishouses thereon, subject to the yearly
rent of I2d. Jackenett shortly afterwards erected
four alnishouses for the poor of both sexes on this
ground and upon part of the churchyard, (for which
he had the licence of the bishop of Ely and the
master and fellows of King's hall). He likewise
built a high chamber over the alnishouses which
he directed should be let for a yearly rent to be
applied to repairs, the payment of the rent to the
corporation, and for an anniversary in the church
of S. Mary the great, for the souls of himself,
Agnes his wife, and of all faithful Christians de-
ceased.

These alnishouses were taken down in 1789, and
others erected in King street, then called Wall's
lane.

170 ALMSHOUSES.

The following augmentations of this charity have
been made: Nicholas Scott (1677), £50; William
Morden (1678), £20; Thomas King (1684), £50;
Joseph Merrill (1805), £48 per annum.

The almshouses, which consist of eight separate
rooms in one building, are inhabited by poor and
infirm widows and single women, elected by the
inhabitants of S. Mary the great.

KING'S COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Margaret, wife of
Roger Fawkener, in or about 1472, founded four
almshouses for four poor women, opposite the church
of S. Mary the great, on the site now occupied by
the senate house.

•

In 1504 these houses were taken down and the
materials removed to King's college. The provost
and fellows of that society rebuilt them immediately
afterwards, and again about 1828.

The present almshouses are in Queens' lane, near
King's college, and therein reside four poor persons,
who receive daily from the college the remains of
the commons, and during the long vacation a joint
of meat in turn. They have also an allowance of
coals at Christmas, a small quarterly stipend, and
part of the sacrament money.

QUEENS' COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Andrew Doket,
D.D., president of Queens' college, and rector of
S. Botolph's, by will in 1484, left three small tene-
ments in the parish of S. Botolph, for three poor
women, to be nominated by the college.

These almshouses, in which eight poor women
are now maintained, were rebuilt in Queens' lane,
northward of the college, in 1836.

ALMSHOUSES. 171

The following have been benefactors to these
almshouses: Robert Mapletoft, D.D., dean of Ely,
and master of Pembroke hall (1676); Henry James,
D.D., president of Queens' college (1701); Ferdinando
Srnythies, B.D., fellow of Queens' college (1725);
Isaac Milner, D.D., president of Queens' college
(1820).

CAIUS COLLEGE ALMSHOUSES. — Reginald Elie, of
Cambridge, freemason, in or before 1536, gave to
Gonville hall, by his executor William Buckenham,
master of that society, a house in Michael lane,
divided into three habitations, for three poor people
to dwell in, to be put therein by the master of the
college. He also gave lands in the fields of Barton,
Grantchester, Comberton, and Chesterton, then worth
205. per annum, for the repair of the house.

Three small ancient houses, on the northern side
of Caius college, are still occupied as almshouses,
the inmates being placed therein by the master of
Caius college.

Under the will of Stephen Perse, M.D., and the
orders of the court of chancery relating to his bene-
factions, each of the almspeople receives £4 a-year.

THE PERSE ALMSHOUSES. — Stephen Perse, M.D.,
by his will dated 27 September, 1615, gave directions
for building near his free school, six several low
tenements of one room a-piece, for habitation of six
several almsfolk, being poor aged unmarried people,
of the age of forty years at the least, out of the
parishes of S. Edward and S. Michael, and in de-
fault of a competent number there, of the parish of
S. Benedict.

172 ALMSHOUSES.

The appointment of the almspeople is vested in
the master and four senior fellows of Gains college.

Under the orders of the court of chancery re-
specting Dr. Perse's benefactions each of the alms-
people is entitled to £26 per annum.

The almshouses were rebuilt on the old site in
1862.

WRAY'S ALMSHOUSES. — Henry Wray, of Cambridge,
stationer, by will dated 11 June, 1628, gave certain
estates in Cambridge to his two grandchildren, with
a proviso that in the event of their dying unmarried
under twenty-one or without issue of their bodies,
certain leasehold houses in Wall's lane in Trinity
parish, should remain and be for an hospital to help
to maintain poor widowers and widows, of equal
number and equal portions, that his freeholds and
copyholds should be for the maintenance of the
hospital, that a leasehold estate held of Bene't
college should be sold, and that with the produce
and other his personal estate lands should be bought
for the maintenance of the hospital.

His grandchildren died at about four years of
age, and in 1631 commissioners of charitable uses
made a decree establishing the hospital, and di-
recting that there should be maintained therein four
poor widowers and four poor widows inhabitants
of Trinity parish, to be elected by the vicar, church-
wardens, overseers, and six other of the more sub-
stantial parishioners.

These almshouses, which are situate in King
street, were re-erected a few years since. They are
endowed with houses in the parish of All Saints',

ALMSHOUSES. 173

a house orchard and fen land in Fenditton, and an
annuity of £14 paid by the university as compen-
sation for a leasehold house in Great S. Mary's, taken
for the site of the senate house.

KNIGHT'S AND MOETLOCK'S ALMSHOUSES : — Elizabeth
Knight, of Denny Abbey, spinster, by will dated
18th May, 1647, directed her executor immediately
after her decease to lay out £440 in building an
almshouse with six firings for six poor people, in
such convenient place as he should think fit, and
also for the purchasing of lands to pay £3 a year
a piece to six poor people to be maintained therein,
and for the reparations thereof. She also directed
that there should be always placed therein two poor
widows and four poor godly ancient maidens,
whereof one of the said maids to be of Bene't
parish, if there should be any capable and willing
to accept it, and that after the decease of her
brothers and sisters and her executor, the mayor
and greater number of aldermen of the town of
Cambridge should have the placing in of the said
poor people for ever.

By indenture dated 18th April, 1648, between
the mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the one part,
and Thomas French, alderman, of the other part,
reciting the will of Elizabeth Knight, and reciting
that the said Thomas French (her executor) had
made his election to build the almshouses in the
town of Cambridge, the mayor bailiffs and bur-
gesses demised to the said Thomas French, his
executors administrators and assigns, all that piece
of waste ground lying in a triangle at a place called

174 ALMSHOUSES.

Jesus lane end in Cambridge, between the highway
leading from Jesus lane towards Barnwell on the
one part, and the way leading from Wall's lane
towards Barnwell on the other part, and the then
lately erected breast work on the third part, for
the term of ninety-nine years from the day of date,
at the annual rent of sixpence payable at Michael-
mas if demanded.

On 29th September, 1657, the mayor bailiffs and
burgesses in consideration of a fine of £5 demised to
the said Thomas French, his executors, &c., three
roods of waste land at the end of Wall's lane where
an old pound had formerly stood, for eighty years
at a peppercorn rent, with a proviso that after his
death the profits should be and enure towards the
repairing and upholding Mrs. Knight's almshouses
on the other side of the way.

On 29th September, 1686, the mayor bailiffs
and burgesses in consideration of the surrender of
the last mentioned lease, and of the payment of Is.,
demised the premises to Andrew Craske, baker, his
executors, &c., for eighty years at the annual rent
of 20s., such rent during the first fifty-one years of
the term to be applied in upholding and repairing
Mrs. Knight's almshouses where most need should be
adjudged and thought fit by the mayor and three
of the antientest aldermen.

The ground comprised in the first of the above
leases is the site of the almshouses and the houses
adjoining, the fee simple of which and of the other
estates of this charity is now vested in trustees
appointed in pursuance of the provisions of the

ALMSHOUSES. 175

Municipal Corporations Act, who elect the inmates
of the alnishouses.

The estate purchased with the legacy of the
foundress consisted of about sixty acres of land in
the open fields of SwafFham Prior in lieu of which,
on the enclosure of that parish, was allotted
29A. IE. 26p. tithe free.

William Staine, M.D., by will dated 2nd February,
1679-80, gave £50 to the hospital of Elizabeth
Knight, his sister [in-law], in such manner as
Dorothy his wife, and his sister [in-law], Mary
Robson, should devise. Mrs. Staine, by her will
dated 16th May, 1688, directed the yearly sum
of £3 to be paid to the poor inhabiting the alms-
houses founded by her sister Elizabeth Knight.
This sum was charged on certain lands, but (by
some process which is not very obvious) the charity
has in lieu of this rent charge eight acres of fen
land in the parish of Bottisham.

William Mortlock, esq., sometime alderman, and
for many years the vigilant and indefatigable trea-
surer of this charity, in 1818 gave £500 for rebuilding
the almshouses. In 1826 he gave a further sum of
£200 for repairs and subsequently other sums for
the same purpose. He is therefore justly considered
as a second founder.

STOKY'S ALMSHOUSES: — Edward Story, sometime
a bookseller in Cambridge, who was buried at Great
S. Mary's, 5th of February, 1692-3, by will dated
29th of January preceding, gave and bequeathed
his real and personal estate to his son Edward Story
(afterwards M.B. and fellow of Magdalen college)

176 ALMSHOUSES.

and the heirs of his body, with remainder, if he
should die without issue, to trustees to erect ten
ahnshouses in the town of Cambridge for four
widows of ministers of the church of England, two
widows and one maiden of the parish of S. Giles,
and three widows of the parish of the Holy Trinity,
every widow and maiden to be forty years of age
at the least, and to have yearly £10, a gown of sad
coloured cloth about the value of 20s. at Christmas,
and two pair of shoes and a pair of stockings at
Christmas and Midsummer.

Edward Story, the son, died without issue in or
about 1710, and the ahnshouses were erected in the
parish of S. Giles' about 1729. Those of the clergy-
men's widows were in Northampton street, and the
others in a place adjoining called the Tan yard.

By order of the court of chancery the allowances
to the almswomen are much augmented, and the
number has been increased as follows : clergymen's
widows, six ; maidens of Trinity parish, four ; widows
of S. Giles', three ; and maidens of that parish, two.

New almshouses have been erected near Mount
Pleasant, in the parish of S. Giles, from designs by
James Walter, esq., architect. They were first
occupied at Michaelmas, 1844.

The almshouses are endowed with estates in the
parishes of S. Giles', S. Mary the great, the Holy
Trinity, Chesterton, and Impington.

The following donations and bequests have been
made for augmentation of the income of this charity :
Peter Stephen Goddard, D.D., master of Clare hall
(1781), £426. 2§. Qd. for the clergymen's widows;

ALMSHOUSES. 177

rev. William Cole, M.A., of Milton (1782), £193. 12s. ;
rev. Robert Tyrwhitt, M.A., fellow of Jesus college,
and Thomas Lombe, esq., £300 stock for the alms-
women of S. Giles and Holy Trinity ; an anonymous
benefactor (before 1819) £100 for the clergymen's
widows; William Lunn (about 1828) £100 for the
clergymen's widows.

THE VICTORIA ASYLUM. — In 1837 a society was
established for the erection of almshouses for decayed
members of benefit societies.

The following donations and bequests have been
made to this society : Ebenezer Foster, esq., (1837-
1843) £80. 5s.; Mr. George Fellowes (1843) £100;
Mrs. Anne Turner (1844) £100 ; Mrs. Barker (1847)
£100; Mr. Samuel Salmon (1848) £300; William
Adams, esq. (1849) £456 ; Christopher Pemberton,
esq. (1850) £100; Miss Jane Page (1852) £50; Mr.
Atkins of Chesterton (1854) £600; Joseph Stanley,
esq. (1856) £50; Mr. J. Watson (1859) £50; Miss
Harriet Simpson (1860) £100.

£200 was also raised for the building fund from
a horticultural fete in Trinity college cloisters in
September, 1839.

The society has a considerable sum invested in
the funds, on mortgage, and in the savings bank, and
the subscriptions amount to about £120 per annum.

The asylum, in which reside twelve inmates,
elected by the subscribers, is situate in Victoria
road, Chesterton, and was erected from the designs
of Mr. George Brad well, architect.

On 16 March, 1841, the earl of Hardwicke, lord
lieutenant of the county, R. G. Townley, esq., M.P.,

VOL. III. N

ITS ALMSHOUSES.

sir Alexander C. Grant, M.P., the committee and
trustees of the society, the mayor and council in
their formalities, the members of the lodges of Free-
masons, Ancient Druids, and Odd Fellows, in ap-
propriate costume, members of numerous friendly
societies, the society of Social Brothers, the order of
Rechabites, and the Cambridge Temperance Society
went in procession, with bands of music and banners
from the Guildhall to Great S. Mary's church, where
divine service was performed, the sermon being
preached by John Graham, D.D., vice-chancellor (now
bishop of Chester) from Psalm civ. 23. On leaving
the church the procession was again formed, and
proceeded to the site of the building, where the
first stone was deposited by the earl of Hardwicke,
with the usual masonic ceremonies, after which
the procession returned in the same order to the
Guildhall. One hundred and thirty of the sup-
porters of the society afterwards dined at the
Red Lion hotel, the earl of Hardwicke in the
chair.

THE ROYAL ALBERT ASYLUM. — On 27th January,
1846, a society called the Royal Albert Society was
established, having for its object the providing an
asylum for its decayed members.

In 1852 Miss Jane Page bequeathed £100 and in
1860 Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Frohock, of Melbourn
place, bequeathed her library, consisting of about
three hundred volumes, to the society, and Miss
Harriet Simpson £50. Charles Finch Foster, esq.,
alderman, has given above £100 and Miss Cotton
of Rhadegund buildings above £130.

ALMSHOUSES. 179

A considerable sum has been recently raised for
augmenting the endowment, by a subscription in
honour of the memory of his late royal highness
the prince consort.

The asylum, which is to accommodate twelve
inmates, elected by the subscribers, is situate on
Hills' road. It is a handsome structure in brick of
various colours, Messrs. Peck and Stephens being
the architects.

The first stone was laid by Charles Balls, esq.,
mayor, 28 June, 1859.

On that day the Mayor and Council with the
trustees committee and members of the society,
members of the lodges of Odd Fellows, of the
order of Ancient Shepherds, and of the Cambridge
Amateur Musical society, assembled at the Guild-
hall and thence proceeded to Great S. Mary's
church. The service and Coronation anthem were
performed by the college choirs, assisted by the
members of the Cambridge Amateur Musical society.
An excellent sermon having been preached by
Harvey Goodwin, D.D., dean of Ely, from Acts x. 38,
a collection amounting to £4:2. 17s. was made for
the benefit of the charity.

From the church a procession was formed to the
site of the asylum. A band of music was in at-
tendance and every part of the route was densely
thronged with spectators.

A hymn written for the occasion was sung before
the stone was lowered and after that ceremony
(during which the band played God save the Queen)
the dean of Ely offered up a prayer for the success

180 ALMSHOUSES.

of the undertaking. Handel's Hallelujah chorus was
then performed by the band and orchestra, and the
procession having been again formed returned to the
Guildhall, where in the evening about one hundred
gentlemen, under the presidency of the Mayor,
partook of a repast, after which a further sum of
£48. 7s. 6d. was collected for the charity.

MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.

SIR THOMAS WHITE'S CHARITY. — Sir Thomas White,
alderman of London, the munificent founder of S.
John's college in Oxford, by deed dated 1st July,
1566, gave to this town £104 every twenty-fourth
year, whereof £100 to be lent to four poor young
men of honest name and fame, occupiers and in-
habitants, freemen and clothiers to be preferred before
all others, every such young man having £25 without
interest for ten years, so as he dwell within the town
or the suburbs thereof for such period, and finding
sufficient sureties or pawn for the repayment. At
the end of the ten years the money to be lent to four
other poor young men in like manner. None to
receive the money more than once.

The last payment to this town was in 1859.

This charity is under the management of the
municipal charity trustees.

CONDUIT CHARITIES. — In 1574 Andrew Feme, D.D.,
dean of Ely and master of Peterhouse, suggested that
the town of Cambridge might derive a good supply
of water from the Nine Wells, in the parish of
Great Shelford. The design was revived by James
Montagu, D.D., the first master of Sidney college,
afterwards bishop of Winchester, and at length in
1610 was carried into effect at the joint charge of
the university and town, according to a plan of

182 MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.

Edward Wright, M.A., of Gonville and Caiua college,
one of the best mathematicians of the age.

The water was conveyed from the Nine Wells,
partly through the common grounds of Trumpington,
and partly through the fields of Cambridge to Trum-
pington ford, and thence to the town by a newly
formed channel.

By an indenture, dated 26th October, 1610, Thomas
Chaplyn, esq., lord of the manor of Trumpington
Delapole, conveyed to the chancellor masters and
scholars, and mayor bailiffs and burgesses, such
part of the soil of the new channel as was situate
in Trumpington, together with six feet of the soil
on every side, the university paying £1 annually,
which was to be employed in scouring, cleansing,
and bettering a certain portion of the channel.

In 1614 the university and town erected a con-
duit on the Market hill. It was commonly called
Hobson's conduit from an erroneous supposition that
it had been erected at the cost of Thomas Hobson,
the celebrated carrier.

Stephen Perse, M.D., by will, in 1615, gave £8
annually for the maintenance of the banks of the
new river that supplied the conduit on Market
hill. This sum has since been increased to £16 per
annum.

Thomas Hobson, by will in 1630, gave lands in
Swinecroft, towards the maintenance of the conduit,
he also gave £10 for heightening it.

Edward Potto, alderman, by will in 1632 gave
two messuages in S. Edward's for repairing the
conduit and the pipes belonging to the same.

MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES. 183

The land in Swinecroft was sold for the site of
Downing college, and the money laid out in purchas-
ing land in Over.

Joseph Merrill in 1805 bequeathed £400 for
maintaining the conduit and pipes, and £300 for
fencing, railing, or keeping in repair the watercourse.

On the enclosure of Great Shelford, £200 was
paid by the university and town for the purchase
of land immediately adjoining the Nine Wells.

In 1855 the old conduit was taken down and a
new one erected at the charge of the corporation,
from the designs of Gordon M. Hills, esq., architect.
The old conduit was soon afterwards re-erected at
the northern end of the conduit stream near Trum-
pington street.

In 1861 an obelisk with a suitable inscription
was erected at the Nine Wells, by a subscription
raised by Charles Finch, esq., the treasurer of the
charities.

CKANE'S CHAEITIES. — John Crane, M.A.,(a) by will
dated 26th June, 1651, and a codicil thereto dated
20th September in the same year, directed his

(a) Mr. Crane, who was a native of Wisbech, was an eminent apothecary.
William Butler, M.A. of Clare hall, the Esculapius of his age, lived in his
house, and left him a great part of his estate. Edward Hyde (afterwards
earl of Clarendon) when about twenty years old was taken ill at Cambridge
and was attended by Mr. Crane. He calls him " an eminent apothecary
who had been bred up under Dr. Butler, and was in much greater practice
than any physician in the university." Mr. Crane, who was lord of the manors
of Kingston wood and Kingston S. George in Cambridgeshire, was sheriff
of that county, 16 Car. I. He died 26th May, 1652, set. 81, and was buried
in Great S. Mary's, in the chancel whereof is his monument. In addition to
the charities above mentioned he bequeathed £100 to the university to be
lent gratis to an honest man, the better to enable him to buy good fish and
fowl for the university, having observed much sickness occasioned by
unwholesome food in that kind.

184 MISCELLANEOUS CHAEITIES.

executors to purchase lands for charitable purposes,
in favour of the university of Cambridge, and the
corporate towns of Wisbech, Cambridge, King's
Lynn, and Ipswich, each body to receive a year's
rent in rotation.

As respects the university, he directed the rent to
be given by the vice-chancellor, the Regius professors
of divinity, law and physic, the chief apothecary of
the town, and the master of Caius college, to poor
sick scholars.

Of the rent payable to the town of Cambridge
£200 was to form a stock for loans of £20 each to
poor young men freely for twenty years, and after
this stock was raised, the rents were to be applied
for relief of poor prisoners for debt or of poor
women or men being in want.

Mr. Crane's benefaction to the town is now under
the management of the following distributors : the
vice-chancellor, the Regius professors of divinity,
law and physic, the chief apothecary of the town,
the mayor and four members of the town council
elected annually. The treasurer of the borough
receives one fifth part of each year's rent of the
charity estates, which are situate at Fleet and
Holbeach in the county of Lincoln.

The vice-chancellor of the university also re-
ceives one fifth part of each year's rent.

Under a scheme for regulating Mr. Crane's
charities which was sanctioned by the Court of
Chancery, 25 November, 1859, his benefaction to
this town is to be applied for the benefit of such
hospital or hospitals, or other institution or institu-

MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES. 185

tions of a charitable nature within the borough,
or some parish contiguous thereto, as the distri-
butors at a meeting held by them in the month
of January in each year shall think proper to
nominate.

A sermon is preached at Great S. Mary's before
the Mayor and Council on the second Tuesday in
October in every fourth year in commemoration of
Mr. Crane's charities. The last of these sermons
was preached in 1861 by the rev. John George
Howes, M.A., incumbent of S. Mary the less and
chaplain to the mayor.

FORRESTER'S CHARITY. — Susannah Forrester, of
S. Margaret, Westminster, widow, by deed dated
17 September, 1726, conveyed to trustees an estate
in the parish of All Saints, upon trust, after pro-
viding for repairs, &c., an annual sermon at All
Saints' church, and for an annual dinner for the
officers and servants of that church and the trustees,
to pay the residue of the rents and profits equally
amongst five poor ancient widowers and five poor
ancient widows of the parish of All Saints, and of
sober life and conversation, for their lives if they
should so long continue to inhabit that parish.

MRS. GOODALL'S CHARITIES. — Mrs. Elizabeth Good-
all, by will dated 7th June, 1809, left an estate which
was sold for £527. 5s. 3d. the proceeds to be lent to set
up or assist sober, honest, and industrious tradesmen
in business in the town of Cambridge, no person to
have more than £10*0.

She also bequeathed £425 consols, the dividends
to be applied in placing out children apprentices,

186 MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES.

belonging to the parishes of S. Mary the great, the
Holy Trinity or S. Edward, such children or their
parents not being relieved by the parish.

CAMBEIDGE REFUGE. — This institution designed for
the reformation of fallen women was established in
1838, and is situate southward of Christ church which
it immediately adjoins.

William Adams, esq., in 1849 bequeathed £220,
and Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850, £100.

THE FEMALE SERVANTS' TRAINING INSTITUTION,
established by the late rev. James Scholefield, M.A.,
Regius professor of greek, is in Park side, Parker's
piece. Christopher Pemberton, esq., in 1850 be-
queathed £100 to the institution.

SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.

THE CAMBEIDGE UNION SOCIETY, established in or
about 1811, by the union of several smaller societies
of the like nature, has for its objects the promotion
of debates, the maintenance of a library, and the
supply of newspapers and other periodicals. (a)

The founders of the society were Henry
Bickersteth lord Langdale, sir Frederick Pollock,
sir Edward Hall Alderson, hon. Henry Robert
Pakenham, George Chad (British Minister at the
court of Berlin), John Samuel Martin Fonblanque,
Frederick Vandermeulen, rev. John Gay Girdle-
stone, S.C.L., and the rev. C. Holworthy.

The earlier records of the society are imperfect.
Amongst those whose names are preserved as having,
at successive periods, held office in the society, or
taken part in its debates, we find the earl of
Abingdon, A. S. Adair, H. Alford, C. Austin,
Churchill Babington, M. T. Baines, A. F. Bayford,
E. Beales, lord Belper, R. M. Beverley, J. W.
Blakesley, G. Brimley, P. Borthwick, C. A. Bristed,
C. Buller, H. M. Butler, W. D. Christie, sir A. E.
Cockburn, lord Cranworth, sir E. J. Creasy, sir
R. B. Crowder, J. W. Donaldson, C. J. Ellicott, H.
Fawcett, earl Fitzwilliam, 0. Flintoff, J. C. Franks,

(a) In the Cambridge Portfolio, 176, is a paper on this society by
George Venables, M.A., fellow of Jesus college.

188 SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKARY INSTITUTIONS.

Harvey Goodwin, hon. A. Gordon, sir James R. G.
Graham, earl Grey, John Hampden Gurney, Russell
Gurney, A. H. Hallam, H. Fitzmaurice Hallam,
T. E. Hankinson, Julius Charles Hare, James
Heywood, R. C. Hildyard, A. J. B. Hope, W. B.
Hopkins, W. G. Humphry, A. Huxtable, J. M.
Kemble, B. H. Kennedy, C. R. Kennedy, lord Kerry,
A. W. Kinglake, S. Laing, W. G. Lumley, sir E.
Bulwer Lytton, lord Macaulay, K. Macaulay, H.
Maiden, B. H. Malkin, lord John Manners, F. Martin,

F. O. Martin, J. F. D. Maurice, C. Merivale, W. J.
Metcalfe, R. M. Milnes, marquess of Normanby, sir
James Parker, James Payn, T. P. Platt, "W. . M.
Praed, M. Prendergast, sir T. N. Redington, J. H.
Rohrs, sir John Romilly, Hugh James Rose, viscount
Royston, C. J. Selwyn, T. Sheridan, Augustus
Stafford, Leslie Stephen, A. Steuart, John Sterling,
lord Stratheden and Campbell, viscount Strangford,
Jelinger C. Symons, lord Teignmouth, W. M.
Thackeray, Connop Thirlwall (bishop of S. David's),
T. Thorp, J. Tozer, R. C. Trench, G. 0. Trevelyan,

G. S. Venables, C. Pelham Villiers, Horatio Wadding-
ton, S. H. Walpole, W. Whewell, Rowland Williams,
and sir George Young, bart.

Dr. Wood, then vice-chancellor, and the proctors,
in March, 1817, went to the society's meeting,
and commanded the members to discontinue their
discussions as inconsistent with academical disci-
pline. A petition complaining of this interference,
signed by several masters of arts and noblemen,
members of the society, was presented to the duke
of Gloucester, chancellor of the university. The

SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKARY INSTITUTIONS. 189

members of the society also presented a remonstrance
to the vice-chancellor, in which they demonstrated
that each member on an average did not bestow
more than ten hours per annum in attendance on
the society's meetings, and that none could bestow
more than forty hours. They denied that the society
interfered with the studies of the members, and for
proof stated that they had amongst them three uni-
versity scholars, seven chancellors medallists, twelve
Browne medallists, and several who had attained the
highest mathematical honours. They alleged that
the union tended to diminish attendance on other
clubs and meetings, whose conduct was likely to be
less orderly as their objects were less intellectual.
They agreed (if the society could not be tolerated
on other terms) to exclude political as they had
ever done theological subjects, and they prayed
that the society might not be put down at that
particular period, when the suppression of societies
bearing accidentally the same name might induce
those unacquainted with the university to suppose
it had been suppressed from political motives, and
that its members had been guilty of seditious or
treasonable language. To this remonstrance the
vice-chancellor declined any answer as unnecessary.
Ultimately the society was allowed to resume its
meetings on the understanding that there should be
no discussion on political questions, except such as
fell within a floating period of twenty years anterior
to the time of discussion. This restriction was abol-
ished in 1830, and now the debates may be on any
subject not strictly theological.

190 SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.

The society met for many years at the Red Lion
hotel. It afterwards had spacious apartments ad-
joining the Hoop hotel, whence in 1850 it removed
to its present commodious rooms which are situate
at the back of the southern side of Green street.
The principal room in which the debates are held
had been previously a Wesleyan meeting house.

A building rand which now exceeds £350 has been
recently established, and is rapidly accumulating.

The society possesses a good historical and general
library, containing nearly eight thousand volumes,
besides a large and valuable collection of old news-
papers bound in volumes. The news-rooms are pro-
fusely supplied with newspapers and other periodical
publications.

The number of members in June 1862 was four
thousand four hundred and thirty-two, of whom
nearly three hundred are contributing members.

THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY was es-
tablished 15th November, 1819 for the purpose of
promoting scientific inquiry, and of facilitating the
communication of facts connected with the advance-
ment of philosophy and natural history. (a)

(a) For particulars respecting the formation of this society see Otter's
Life of Clarke, ii., 362, 477; Cambridge Portfolio, 121; and Jenyns'a
Memoir of Professor Henslow, 17.

An attempt was made in 1683 to establish a Philosophical society at
Cambridge, which was to co-operate with the Royal society. The chief
promoters were Isaac Newton, Lucasian professor; Edward Paget, of
Trinity college; and Charles Montagu (afterwards earl of Halifax). The
famous Henry More, D.D. of Christ's college, promised to join the society,
but it appears from a letter from Newton to Francis Aston, dated 23 Feb.,
1683-4, that the project was abandoned from the want of persons willing
to try experiments. — Weld's Hist, of the Royal Society, I., 305.

A literary society called the Zodiac club was established in the uni-

SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 191

The society was incorporated by a charter granted
by William IV. 3rd August, 1832.

The meetings were held in the Museum of the
Botanical garden till 1st May, 1820, when the society
took possession of rooms in a large house in Sidney
street, opposite to the entrance of Jesus lane ; whence
in the autumn of 1833 it removed to a house in All
Saints' passage, erected from the designs of Charles
Humfrey, esq., architect, and held by lease of S.
John's college. It is a spacious and convenient
structure, having an excellent lecture room. In

versity, 10 Dec., 1725. It consisted of twelve members denominated from
the twelve signs. In 1728 six additional members were elected who were
called after six of the planets, but the original name of the society was
retained. — Nichols's Lit. Anecd., vi., 228.

In 1758 the wranglers of the year established a club, called the Hyson
club, which existed in 1774 when Isaac Milner was admitted a member. —
Milner's Life of Milner, 9.

A society for the promotion of philosophy and general literature was
established at Cambridge, 18th of February, 1784. The original members
were Isaac Milner, Jacksonian professor, afterwards president of Queens'
college; William Coxe, M.A. of King's college; Joseph Jowett, LL.D.,
Regius professor of civil law; Joseph Dacre Carlyle, M.A. of Queens'
college, afterwards professor of arabic ; William Atkinson, M.A., fellow of
Catharine hall, and afterwards fellow of Christ's College ; Henry William
Coulthurst, M.A. of St. John's college, afterwards fellow of Sidney College ;
and William Parish, M.A. of Magdalen college, afterwards successively pro-
fessor of chemistry and Jacksonian professor. To these were afterwards
added William Pearce, B.D., fellow of S. John's College, afterwards dean of
Ely and master of Jesus college ; Samuel Vince, M.A., afterwards Plumian
professor; Busick Harwood, M.B., professor of anatomy; Richard Relhan,
M.A. of Trinity college ; Thomas Jones, M.A., of Trinity college ; Richard
Person, M.A., fellow of Trinity college, afterwards Regius professor of
greek ; J. F. F. Emperius, M.A. of Queens' college ; Thomas Martin, B.D.,
professor of botany; Miles Popple, M.A., fellow of Trinity college; J. J.
Brundish, M.A., fellow of Caius College; Smithson Tennant, M.B., after-
wards professor of chemistry ; F. J. Hyde Wollaston, afterwards Jacksonian
professor ; and Henry Ainslie, M.A., fellow of Pembroke hall, afterwards M.D.
For want of adequate support this society was dissolved within two years
after its foundation. — Milner's Life of Milner, 19.

192 SCIENTIFIC AND LITEKABY INSTITUTIONS.

this house is also deposited a good scientific library
and the museum of the society. (a)

A news-room in connection with the society was
established 22nd May, 1821. A few years since
however, circumstances occurred which rendered it
expedient to dissolve the news-room.

The society, which numbers above five hundred
members, has published nine volumes of transactions
and part of a tenth.

The contributors to the transactions, wherein are
papers of great merit and value, are: G. B. Airy,
LL.D., astronomer royal ; James Alderson, M.A. ;

D. T. Ansted, M.A. ; C. Babbage, M.A. ; H. F.
Baxter, M.K.C.S.L. ; B. Bevan ; H. J. H. Bond, M.D.,
Regius professor of physic; sir D. Brewster; Peter
B. Brodie, M.A. ; Arthur Cayley, M.A. ; W. Cecil,
M.A. ; James Challis, M.A., Plumian professor ; S. H.
Christie, M.A. ; W. Clark, M.D., professor of anatomy;

E. D. Clarke, LL.D., professor of mineralogy ; H.
Coddington, M.A. ; Homersham Cox, M.A. ; James
Gumming, M.A., professor of chemistry; Augustus
De Morgan, B.A. ; E. B. Denison, M.A. ; J. W.
Donaldson, D.D. ; S. Earnshaw, M.A. ; R. L. Ellis,
M.A. ; W. Farish, M.A., Jacksonian professor; Osmond
Fisher, M.A. ; H. Goode, M.B. ; Harvey Goodwin,
D.D. ; George Green, B.A. ; Olinthus Gregory, LL.D. ;
J. Hailstone, M.A., Woodwardian professor ; J.
Haviland, M.D., Regius professor of physic; R. B.
Hayward, M.A. ; J. S. Henslow, M.A., professor
of botany ; sir J. F. AY. Herschel ; Hamnett

(a) An account of this museum by the rev. Leonard Jenyns, M.A., is
in Cambridge Portfolio, 127.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 193

Holditch, M.A. ; W. Hopkins, M.A. ; T. Jarrett, M.A.,
Regius professor of hebrew ; Leonard Jenyns, M.A. ;
Philip Kelland, M.A. ; George Kemp, M.D. ; Joshua
King, LL.D., Lucasian professor; S. Lee, D.D., Regius
professor of hebrew; John Leslie, professor of ma-
thematics, Edinburgh ; R. T. Lowe, M.A. ; J. W.
Lubbock, M.A. ; Francis Lunn, M.A. ; W. Mandell,
B.D. ; J. C. Maxwell, M.A. ; W. H. Miller, professor
of mineralogy; Arthur Augustus Moore of Trinity
college ; Pierce Morton, M.A. ; H. Moseley, M.A. ;
Robert Murphy, M.A. ; Matthew O'Brien, M.A. ; J.
Okes, M.B. ; Richard Owen, Hunterian professor in
E.C.S. ; G. E. Paget, M.D. ; Robert Pearson, M.A. ;
J. B. Phear, M.A. ; Richard Potter, M.A. ; Joseph
Power, M.A. ; S. P. Rigaud, Savilian professor of
astronomy, Oxford ; J. R. Rohrs, M.A. ; R. W.
Rothman, LL.D. ; Adam Sedgwick, M.A., Woodwar-
dian professor ; Archibald Smith, M.A. ; Francis
Gybbon Spilsbury ; J. F. Stephens, F.L.S. ; G. G.
Stokes, M.A., Lucasian professor; W. H. Thompson,
M.A., Regius professor of greek; John Tozer, LL.D. ;
"William Wallace, professor of mathematics, Edin-
burgh; Henry Warburton, M.A. ; Hensleigh Wedg-
wood, M.A. ; William Whewell, D.D. ; Robert Willis,
M.A. ; and J. R. Young, professor of mathematics,
Belfast college.

THE CAMBRIDGESHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY was
established 10th of March, 1824.

THE PHILO UNION OR CAMBRIDGE LITERARY SOCIETY
was established 8th of July, 1826, for the discussion of
all topics except those of a theological nature. It has
a well supplied news-room and an useful library.

VOL. III. O

194 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.

The society originally met at the Woolpack inn,
on the eastern side of Sidney street, whence it re-
moved to the Wrestlers inn, Petty cury, and finally
to the commodious premises on the western side of
Sidney street which it now occupies.

The number of members is about two hundred
and thirty. With a few exceptions they are in-
habitants of the town.(a)

THE CAMBRIDGE RAY CLUB was established 27th
of February, 1837, for the cultivation of natural
science by means of friendly intercourse and mutual
instruction, and adopted its title in commemoration
of the great naturalist John Ray, formerly fellow
of Trinity college, and the anniversary is held on
the Wednesday nearest to the 29th of November,
being the day on which it is supposed Mr. Ray
was born.(Z°

The following is a list of the present and former
members and associates: J. C. Adams, M.A., Lown-
dean professor ; H. Airy, B.A. ; D. T. Ansted, M.A. ;
John Anthony, M.B. ; F. Archer, B.A. ; C. C. Bab-

(a) On the 9th of January, 1784, was established in Cambridge a
society for promoting useful knowledge, which was commonly deno-
minated the Book club. The number of members was limited to fifty.
It met weekly at the Bull inn, and had a good library containing
above two thousand volumes. This society was dissolved in or about
1841.

(6) It was the custom of the late professor Henslow to receive at his
house upon the evening of each Friday in full term such members of
the university as took an interest in natural history. These hospitable
receptions, which tended greatly to encourage and support the study
of botany and zoology amongst the undergraduates, commenced on
the 15th of February 1828, and were regularly continued until the end
of the year 1836. Their discontinuance led to the formation of the Ray
club.

LITERAEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 195

ington, M.A., professor of botany; Churcliill Babing-
ton, B.D. ; W. P. Baily, B.D. ; John Ball, M.A. ;
R. C. Barnard, B.A. ; J. Barton, B.A. ; T. W. Bed-
dome, B.A. ; Edward Bell, B.A. ; F. P. Blackwood,
Capt. R.N. ; E. N. Bloomfield, M.A. ; W. Borrer, M.A. ;
G. J. Brownlow, B.A. ; S. Charles, M.A. ; Hamlet
Clark, M.A. ; W. Clark, M.D., professor of anatomy;
R. B. Clifton, M.A.; D. W. Cohen, M.D. ; W. T.
Collings, M.A. ; G. R. Crotch ; J. Gumming, M.A.,
professor of chemistry ; W. Davies ; W. H. Drosier,
M.D. ; J. W. Dunning, M.A. ; Howard Warburton
Elphinstone, M.A.; H. Evans, M.A.; Osmond Fisher,
M.A. ; A. W. Franks, M.A. ; R. T. Frere, M.A. ;
Frederick Fuller, M.A. ; W. L. P. Garnons, B.D. ;
J. C. Gorst, M.A. ; D. F. Gregory, M.A. ; J. W.
Haslehurst, B.A. ; H. Hanson, B.A ; G. Henslow, M.A. ;
J. H. Henslow, M.A., professor of botany; H. W.
Hoffman; F. J. A. Hort, M.A. ; J. S. Howson, M.A.;
R. Hudson, M.A. ; T. Me Kenny Hughes, M.A. ; G. M.
Humphry, M.D. ; E. G. Jarvis, M.B. ; H. G. Jebb,
B.A. ; W. T. Kingsley, B.D. ; C. D. Larbalestier, B.A. ;
R. G. Latham, M.D. ; Lester Lester, F.L.S. ; W. A.
Lewis, M.B. ; E. Liveing, M.B. ; G. D. Liveing, M.A.,
professor of chemistry; F. du Bois Lukis; W. C.
Lukis, M.A. ; F. L. Mackenzie ; W. Matthews, M.A. ;
J. C. Maxwell, M.A. ; W. H. Miller, professor of
mineralogy; A. G. More, F.L.S. ; W. C. Newnham,
M.A. ; E. Newton, M.A. ; G. E. Paget, M.D. ; S. G.
Phear, M.A. ; J. H. Pollexfen, M.A. ; R. Potter, M.A. ;
J. A. Power, M.A. ; Joseph Power, M.A. ; T. A.
Preston, M.A. ; J. J. Pulleine; A. Ransome, M.A. ;
S. H. Saxby, B.A. ; A. F. Sealy, M.A. ; Adam Sedg-

196 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.

wick, M.A., Woodwardian professor; P. A. Simpson,
M.A. ; J. J. Smith, M.A. ; T. B. Sprague, M.A. ; James
Statter; G. G. Stokes, M.A., Lucasian professor;
W. H. Stokes, M.A. ; Gr. Strachey, B.A. ; Henry Cum-
berland Stuart, M.A. ; Frederick Townsend, M.A. ; J.

B. Wilson, M.A. ; T. V. Wollaston, M.A. ; C. Wolley,
M.A. ; and F. B, Wright, B.A.

The society consists of twelve members and not
more than six associates. No person above the de-
gree of B.A. can be an associate.

The late professor Henslow was an honorary
member of the club, but it was expressly provided
that no other person residing in Cambridge should
possess that rank.

THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY was estab-
lished in May, 1840, for the encouragement of the
study of history, architecture and antiquities, and
the object of the society is to collect and to
print information relative to the above mentioned
subjects.

The society has published several curious and
interesting works and communications.

Subjoined is a list of the authors and editors of
the publications of the society and the contributors
to its transactions: C. C. Babington, M.A., professor
of botany ; Churchill Babington, B.D. ; H. Brad-
shaw, M.A. ; T. Brocklebank, M.A. ; W. K. Clay, B.D. ;

C. H. Cooper, F.S.A. ; G. E. Corrie, D.D. ; B. M.
Cowie, B.D. ; sir Henry Dryden, bart. ; A. W.
Franks, M.A. ; C. W. Goodwin, M.A. ; James Goodwin,
B.D. ; J. O. Halliwell, F.S.A. ; C. Hardwick, M.A. ;
J. S. Henslow, M.A., professor of botany ; H. R.

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 197

Luardj M.A. ; J. E. B. Mayor, M.A. ; C. H. New-
march, M.A. ; J. Rigg, B.D. ; W. Gr. Searle, M.A. ;
J. J. Smith, • M.A. ; E. Venables, M.A. ; E. Ventris,
M.A. ; Albert Way, M.A. ; Gr. Williams, B.D. ; R.
Willis, M.A., Jacksonian professor ; and H. A. Wood-
ham, LL.D.

The society possesses a small library and a
collection of antiquities. The latter is deposited in
the Fitzwilliam museum.

Its meetings are now held in the Philosophical
society's house.

THE CAMBRIDGE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY was estab-
lished 19th of November, 1846, for promoting the
study of ecclesiastical architecture, arrangement and
decoration. (a)

The society, which meets in the Philosophical
society's house, has a small library, and a good
collection of drawings and photographs.

(a) In May, 1839, was instituted the Cambridge Camden society for
promoting the study of ecclesiastical architecture and antiquities and the
restoration of mutilated architectural remains. It flourished here till
1846, when, a great secession taking place, such of its members as re-
mained transferred it to London, and gave it the title of the Ecclesiological
society.

ALL SAINTS.

IN order to distinguish it from another church
also dedicated to All Saints which formerly existed
near the Castle, this was anciently designated
the church of Allhallows in the Jewry, (a) or All-
hallows by the hospital. (i) It is said that this
church was given to the abbey of S. Alban in
the time of Paul 14th abbat (1077-93.) It was
subsequently granted by William Sturmi de Can-
tabrigia to the nuns of S. Rhadegund, who in
1180 obtained its appropriation, (c) and on the dis-
solution of their house it passed to Jesus college.
The parish of S. Rhadegund is said to have been
united to this about 1291.(d)

The church is an unpretending structure prin-
cipally in the late perpendicular style. The side
windows have been much altered. Clerestory windows
in dormers have been ingeniously added without
disfiguring the roof. At the western end is a tower
with an archway, under which is the footpath.

The chancel erected by Jesus college in 1726
at a cost of £199. 4s. 2d. is of brick, in the miser-
able style which too generally prevailed at that
period.

The nave has four-centred arches and a rich double
hammer-beam roof with small pierced panels.

(a) The Jews settled in Cambridge 1073, and left it 1291.

(b) That is the hospital of S, John the Evangelist which stood opposite.
(e) Vol. i. 356. (d) Vol. i. 359.

ALL SAINTS. 199

The altar-piece is composed of columns support-
ing an entablature and broken pediment of the doric
order, under which is a copy of the Salvator Mundi
of Carlo Dolci.

The font is of good perpendicular.

At the eastern end of the north aisle was a chapel.
In 1724, the step by the altar remained with a
niche in the north wall, wherein had been placed
the image of a saint. On the pedestal were two
shields, one having a coat of arms (barry of six),
and the other a rebus, which is supposed to have
designated the name of Armstrong.

On one of the bells is inscribed

sono ammabus moriuoiuw grt auribus btbcmium. 1406.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.

Isaac Barrowe, M.D. [1616] and Anne his wife, relict of Geo.
Cotton of Baufield hall, Essex, esq. [1589]. Erected Sept. 1631,
by Eliz. wife of sir Philip Llanden of Lincolnsh. bart. in re-
membrance of a great deal of love never to be forgotten showed
unto her by Dr. Barrowe who had married her grandmother.

Susanna wife of Hen. Mordaunt of Thunderley, Essex, esq.,
18 Dec. 1622.

Joh. Hammond, vintner, June 1628. W

Martha wife of Kob. Luckin, M.A. of Sid. coll., 19 Jul. 1628.

Parents of Geo. Potter of Sid. coll. and Eliz. ; father, 8 May,
1658, mother 11 Aug., 1666. J>

(a) He kept the Dolphin tavern. The following verses referring to
him were formerly on a brass near the altar :

Spiritus ascendit generosi Nectaris Astra,
Juxta altare Calix hie jacet ecce Sacrum,
Corporum Avaa-Tta-li cum fit communio magna.
Unio tune fuerit Nectaris et Calicis.

(&) This absurd epitaph does not disclose the Christian names of the
deceased.

200

ALL SAINTS.

Cha. Strachie, M.B. (only son of Kob. Strachie, M.D.) 23 Feb.
1687-8.

Rich. Shipton, B.A. Trin. coll., 7 Jul. 1692, set. 23.

Dorothy wife of Will. Strange, merchant, 24 Dec. 1698,
aet. 63; Walter their son, B.D. and fell, of Sid. coll. 15 Mar.
1697, ag. 40; B. Dent, 7 April, 1743, ag. 73; Aylmer, 22 Apr.
1745, ag. 53.

Tho. D'aye, esq., 3 Jan. 1701, aet. 39.

Rich. Bassett (in whom the ancient and noble line of the
Bassetts of Fledborough in Nottinghamshire, who came in with
Will, the conqueror, is extinct) 7 Dec. 1702, ag. 87 ; Edw.
Jolley, esq. 1705, aet. 80 ; Eliz. his w°. 10 May, 1707, ag. 77.

Ambr. Bonwicke/") sch. S. Joh. coll., 5 May, 1714, aet. 23;
Phil, his bro., 14 Mar. 1714-5, set. 18.

Mrs. Lucy Vernon, d. on journey between Spalding and
Much Hadham, 6 Dec. 1720.

Will. Williams, S. Joh. coll. (only son of Will. rect. of
Stoke upon Team, Salop) born cal. Apr. 1713, d. 11 cal.
Mar. 1731.

Susanna Forester widow (dau. of Edrn. Salter, gent.) born in
this parish June, 1655, d. in S. Margaret's, Westminster,
31 Jan. 1732, and who left an estate for the benefit, of the parish.

Edw. Salisbury, organist Trin. coll., 7 Jul. 1741, ag. 35;
Margaret his mother, 24 Dec. 1749, ag. 85 ; Susanna Stephens,
12 Feb. 1663.

John Newling, alderman, 4 Feb. 1748, ag. 33.

Salusbury Jones, M.A., fell. S. Joh. coll. and chapl. to bp.
of Carlisle (2 son of Joh. of Galltvayman co. Denbigh, esq.)
31 May, 1763, ag. 28.

Joh. Powell, B.D., fell. Trin. coll., 3 Feb. 1765, set. 43.

Hen. Neve (ed. in Charterhouse) S. Joh. coll., prid. id. Jun.
1768, aet. 16.

Will. Weales, 5 Mar. 1773, ag. 73 ; Mary his wife, 23 Apr.
1774, ag. 75; Eliz. their dau., 8 Feb. 17..., ag. 8.

(a) His father Ambrose Bonwicke, sometime master of Merchant
Taylor's school, published his life under the title of " A Pattern for young
students in the Universities, set forth in the Life of Mr. Ambrose Bonwicke,
sometime Scholar of S. John's College, Cambridge." Lond. 12mo. 1729.
Oxf. 12mo. 1846.

ALL SAINTS. 201

Ja. Gifford, alderman, 7 Dec. 1774, ag. 60 ; Martha his wife,
2 Oct. 1769, ag. 57; Eob. their son, 30 Mar. 1775, ag. 4;
Harriet Elizabeth their dau., 7 Nov. 1775, ag. 6 mo. 20 days.

Tho. Prince, apothecary, 4 Sept. 1782, ag. 58.

Will. Norfolk [alderman] 6 Feb. 1785, ag. 86 j Susan his
wife, 22 Mar. 1773, ag. 63.

Will. Gifford, gent., 10 Dec. 1786, ag. 41.

Anne wife of Joh. Lettice and dau. of Joh. Newling, 6 id.
Jan. 1788.

Sam. Munk, pens. Trin. coll., 1 Jan. 1791, at. 18.

J. E. Ives, S. Joh. coll., prid. id. Nov. 1791, set. 20.

Joh. Masters, 18 June, 1793, ag. 67.

Hen. Kirke White of S. Joh. coll., b. 21 March, 1785,
died 19 Oct., 1806. (Medallion by Chantrey.)

Warm with fond hope, and Learnings sacred flame,
To Granta's bowers the youthful Poet came;
TJnconquer'd powers th' immortal mind display'd,
But, worn with anxious thought, the frame decay'd.
Pale o'er his lamp, and in his cell retir'd,
The Martyr Student faded and expir'd.
O Genius, Taste, and Piety sincere,
Too early lost 'midst studies too severe !
Foremost to mourn was generous Southey seen :
He told the tale, and shew'd what White had been :
Nor told in vain, far o'er the Atlantic wave
A wanderer came, and sought the Poet's grave.
On yon low stone he saw his lonely name,
And rais'd this fond memorial to his fame.^°)

WplliamJ S[myth].

Joh. Edm. Lodge of Ingleton, Yorkshire, and of Trin. coll.,
b. 7 Jul. 1789, d. 1 Feb. 1808.

Tho. Cubitt, schol. Trin. coll., 4 Nov. 1811, get. 23.

Ja. Gifford [sometime alderman] (eld. son of Ja., alderman)
21 Jan. 1813, ag. 73 ; his sixth sou Lucius Hen., lieut. R.N.,

(a) This tablet was erected by Mr. Boott an American gentleman, who
found that the only previously existing memorial of the gifted poet, was a
plain stone in the chancel, inscribed " HENRY K.IRKE WHITE," and which
is still to be seen.

202 ALL SAINTS.

died off Toulon, 26 Sep. 1812, ag. 29; his seventh son Theo-
philus Joh. lieut. 52 reg., killed in battle in Portugal, 14 Mar.
1811, ag. 23.

Rich. Nethercoat Cooke, sch. Trin. coll. (eld. son of Rich.,
esq., of Kent) 3 non. Jan. 1819, aet. 23.

Tho. Blundell, B.A. sch. Trin. coll., 3 Mar. 1819, aet. 22.

Cha. Field (only son of Cha.) Trin. coll., U Mar. 1825,
aet. 19.

Sam. Parr Howe Eyre, schol. S. Joh. coll. (younger son
of rev. Ja. of Solihull, Warw.) 1 Feb. 1826, ag. 21.

Eliz. Theodora, wife of Sam. Hunter Christie, esq., M.A.,
F.R.S., eld. dau. of Cha. Claydon, b. 21 Jun. 1784, d. 27
May, 1829.

Alex. Scott Abbott, surgeon, [sometime alderman] 30 Sept.
1843, ag. 53 ; Jane his wife, 16 Nov. 1844, ag. 55 ; Cha.
Graham their son, 7 Feb. 1837, ag. 6.

Will. Bate Strong, Trin. coll. 3 Nov. 1843, ag. 29.

Hen. Mackenzie, schol. Trin. coll. 13 Oct. 1853, ag. 25,
bur. in cem. of S. Luke, Chelsea; Fran. Lewis Mackenzie,
Trin. coll. 15 Mar. 1855, ag. 21, bur. in churchyard of
Madingley. Only sons of lord Mackenzie, one of the judges
of the supreme court of Scotland.

In the old churchyard.

Elizabeth wife of Joh. Forlow, 15 Aug. 1783, ag. 58 ;
John Forlow [alderman] 27 Aug. 1789, ag. 58.

Matilda wife of Nich. marq. Spineto, 13 kal. Sept. 1812,
aet. 26.

Joh. Ince Straghan, pens. S. Joh. coll. (born in Barbados)
28 Nov. 1830, set. 25.

Elliot Macro Smith [sometime alderman] (son of Tho. and
Cath.) 25 June, 1845, ag. 62 ; Harriet his wife, 12 Mar. 1849,
ag. 71.M

(a) In the chancel is a large stone on which there has been a mag-
nificent brass. It is probable that it commemorated Richard Holme,
licentiate in both the laws, canon of York and Sarum, and master of King's
hall, who died 1424. (See Vol. II, 205, 223.)

ALL SAINTS. 203

In the new churchyard.

Elizabeth Maddison, 27 Aug. 1849, ag. 75.

Harriott wife of Dennis Adams, 30 Jan. 1853, eet. 42.
(A fine marble statuette.)

Henry Erskine Howe, 1st classical professor at Melbourne
university, appointed July, 1854, d. 5 Feb. 1855, ag. 29.

John Pratt, organist to King's college and the university for
53 years, d. 9 March, 1855, ag. 83.

Cordelia wife of William Whewell, D.D., master of Trin.
coll. 18 Dec. 1855, ag. 52.

George Brimley, M.A., Trin. coll. 29 May, 1857, ag. 37.

John GiUam Bell, solicitor, b. 24 Feb. 1826, d. 14 March, 1859.

In this church was a famous gild called the gild
of All Saints, (a) and we find mention of the lights
of the holy sepulchre and the crucifixion.

There were formerly inscriptions in the church to :

Nich. Waller of Sid. coll. and Gray's inn (eld. son of G. Waller of
Beverley, esq.) 24 Feb. 1631.

Edw. Goring (eld. son of an esq.) Trin. coll. 1661, set. 17.

Rich. Nicolson, B.A. of S. Joh. coll. (young, son of Rich, of Fenwick,
Yorksh.) Ash AVednesday, 1674.

Geo. second son of Geo. Meriton of Northallerton, Yorksh. and Mary
his wife, 14 Aug. 1680.

In 1724 there was in the churchyard an ancient coffin stone, embellished
with angels and a cross flory extending all over it.

The registers which commence in 1538, record the following burials:

1540, Apr. 30, Joh. Belt, fell, of King's hall.

1541-2, Mar. 8, Geoffrey Blythe, LL.D. master of King's hall.

1622, Sept. 1, William Gayer, D.C.L. chancellor of the diocese of Ely,
[a noted latin poet].

1628, Apr. 15, Francis Brackyn, esq. [sometime recorder.]

1631-2, Mrs. Gayer [probably the widow of Dr. Gayer.]

1642, Sept. 30, Rob. Allot, M.D. of S. Joh. coll.

1720, Jul. 12, Joh. Agate, D.D. of Sid. coll.

1720-1, Jan. 26, Eliz. Ewin, widow, said to be 104 years old.

1721, Sept. 10, Tho. Ewin, alderman.

1730, Aug. 26, Rob. Green, D.D. of Clare hall.

1747, Nov. 19, Rich. Allin, B.D. fell, of Sid. coll.

(a) It appears from the statutes of this gild, dated 1473, that the prin-
cipal day was the Sunday next after the feast of All Saints. The officers
were an alderman, two masters, a clerk, and a dean. At every general

204 ALL SAINTS.

William Dowsing, the fanatical iconoclast, visit-
ing this church 1 Jan. 1643-4, thus records his
proceedings : " We brake down divers superstitious
pictures and 8 cherubims."

Thomas Hill, D.D., master of Trinity college,
(1645-53), established a lecture in this church.

Amongst the eminent men who have been min-
isters or curates, may be mentioned Lionel Gatford,
D.D. ; Lynford Caryl, D.D. ; John Jortin, D.D. ;
Edward Otter, bishop of Chichester ; Edward Daniel
Clarke, LL.D., and Thomas Smart Hughes, B.D.

In 1859, it was agreed to take down the pre-
sent church and erect another on the southern side
of Jesus lane immediately opposite Jesus college,
on a site given by the master and fellows of that
society. Above £4000 has been subscribed, (a) and
a plan has been prepared by G. F. Bodley, esq.
architect.

We have already mentioned Mrs. Susannah
Forester's charity, (i) and Knight's and Mortlock's
almshouses.(c) Other benefactors to the church and
poor have been : Will. Headley, 1588, 46s. 8d.
yearly to the poor ; Hob. Strachie, M.D., of Bishop's

day the alderman was allowed a gallon of ale, each of the masters and
the clerk a pottle, and the dean a quart. The clerk was also allowed \6d.
yearly and the dean Sd. The vicar had 4s. 4d. yearly. On the death
of a brother or sister, 30 masses were to be sung, and 4rf. a week was
allowed for brethren or sisters fallen into old age or great poverty. A
supplemental statute bears date 1504. — MS. Baiter, xxxvi. 171.

(a) Trinity and S. John's colleges have given £500 each : Dr. "VVhewell,
master of Trinity college the same sum; Jesus college (besides the site)
£100 ; Dr. Turton, bishop of Ely, the rev. W. C. Sharpe, B.D., late vicar,
and lady Affleck, £100 each; Dr. Bayes, the rev. F. Martin, M.A., fellow of
Trinity college, and Mr. Thomas Howe, £50 each.

(6) Vol. ill. 185. (c) Vol. in. 173.

ALL SAINTS. 205

Stortford, 1704, a silver flagon weighing 36oz. ;
Anne, his widow, 1706, £30 interest to the poor;
Cha. Ashton, D.D., master of Jesus college, 1726 and
1748, £28 to the fabric ; Hen. Bromley, lord Mont-
fort, 1748, an altar-piece ; Onesiphorus Berridge,
rector of Alderchurch, Lincolnshire, 1748, a velvet
pannel ; Sam. Forlow, 1777, 10s. a year to the poor ;
Rob. Franks, 1783, £100 the interest to the poor.

The ancient religious and academical foundations
within this parish, were the nunnery of S. Kha-
degund,(a) (now Jesus college), the hospital of S.
John the Evangelist, (b} (now S. John's college), the
house of S. Francis, (c) (now Sidney Sussex college),
and King's hall,(d) (now part of Trinity college.)

In this parish were formerly famous inns called
the Dolphin, w the White Bear,(/> and the Sun>>
The Blue Boar which still exists, is of considerable
antiquity.

The Friends have a meeting house in Jesus lane.(A)

(a) Vol. I. 354. (b) Vol. II. 58.

(e) The Dolphin was at the corner of what is now called All Saints
passage, but which was for centuries called Dolphin passage. Archbishop
Cranmer vacated his fellowship at Jesus college, by marrying the niece of
the landlady of the Dolphin, and after his marriage lived with her at this
inn. Many years afterwards we find her derisively termed black Joan of
the Dolphin. In the early part of the seventeenth century, the judges of
assize lodged at the Dolphin. Over the door was the motto in greek, latin,
and english, " Drink or begone."

(/) At the White Bear in Trinity street, the committee for the asso-
ciated counties during the civil war, held their meetings.

(g) Vol. II. 247. The Sun which ceased to be an inn about 1840,
occupied the site of the Master's court, Trinity college.

(A) For many years past there have not been any of the society resident
in Cambridge ; it is therefore only occasionally used for purposes of worship.
The Free Library was kept therein from 1855 to 1862, and it is now let
as a Temperance hall.

206 ALL SAINTS.

A street in this parish, which since 1836 has
gone by the unmeaning name of Park street, was
previously known as Garlic fair lane, being so called
because on or near its site was until 1808, holden
yearly on the vigil and feast of the assumption of
B. V. Mary (14, 15 Aug.), a fair which had been
granted to the nuns of S. Rhadegund by king
Stephen, (a) and which ultimately obtained the name
of Garlic fair.

On the southern side of Jesus lane, opposite to
Jesus college, stood an ancient mansion called S.
Rhadegund's manor-house. In a chamber window
were the arms of Hen. VIII. and of Goodrich, bishop
of Ely. It was pulled down in or about 1829.

(a) Vol. i. 354.

-urely i.

prior and convent of

>urgh, bishop of Ely, soon

the office of

u it

ho are

The

this chui-ch is men-

Oil 1 of

•

>.yed j

afterwards ho\\ ever, it was rebuilt, princi]

Christopher Rose, alderman.

208 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.

The church erected by Mr. Rose and his co-
adjutors (and in which the old materials were to
some extent employed) was a low mean structure
with a tower (rebuilt 1772). There was a plain
octagonal font.

The present church designed by Ambrose Poynter,
esq. architect, and erected by subscription, (a) was
consecrated by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 19 Oct.,
1843.

The structure is of stone. There is a good tower
at the western end, but the only chancel is a
shallow recess.

The interior has galleries at the western end and
on each side. The eastern window is filled with
stained glass.

The font is octagonal in the perpendicular style.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church.

John Collins of Leicestershire, B.A. scholar of Christ's coll.
3 id. Jul. 1618, set. 22.

Bic. Humfrey, son of Bic. Humfrey, esq. and born at
Hanfield, Essex, fell. com. of Chr. coll. 7 Aug. 1659, aet. 18.

(a) The subscription was set on foot in 1836. The principal contributors
were Frederick Thackeray, M.B. ; Tho. Hall Fisher, esq.; and Mr. Tho.
Stamford "VVoodley, £110 each. Tho. Fisher, esq.; Geo. Langshaw, B.D.,
vicar; Joseph Truslove, esq ; James Law, sometime alderman, £105 each.
Christ's college, £105. Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, £100.
Dean and chapter of Ely, £100. Mrs. Eedfarn, £100. James Wood, D.D.,
dean of Ely and master of S. John's college; and Edward Favell, some-
time alderman, £57. 10s., each. Geo. Archdall, D.D., master of Emm.
coll., £55. Mr. Moses Browne ; and "VV. N. Heale, esq. of Christ's coll.,
£52. 10s., each. Emmanuel college, £50. Miss Hatch, £50. Above
£500 was realised by a bazaar held in the Guildhall, loth to 18th of
Nov. 1837.

S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 209

Isaac Aleyn, eldest son of Giles Aleyn, esq. born at Haxley,
Essex, died in Christ's coll. 26 Jul. 1661, set. 16.

Chris. Rose, esq. [alderman] 30 Aug. 1664, the chief re-
builder of this (once ruin'd) church, who bequeathed to the
minister of this place for ever, the yearly sum of £10, who
in consideration thereof, is to preach his commemoration sermon
every 30th of August.

Edw. Osborne, B.A. of Eman. coll, 6 Sept. 1668, son of
Thomas Osborne and Anne his wife, and born at Mundham,
Norfolk, 14 Feb. 1648.

James Robson, gent, alderman, 27 Sept. 1676, set. 48 ;
James Robson his son of Caius coll. student in civil law,
6 March, 1686, set. 22; Catharine Robson, daughter of aid.
Robson, 14 Feb. 1709, set. 38 ; Jane his widow, 1727,
set. 88.

Dan. Yate, M.A. fell. Eman. coll. 18 Mar. 1676, aet. 28.

Joh. Wolryche, esq. student of Christ's coll. 1679, set. 16.
Erected by his only brother sir Tho. Wolryche of Dudmaston,
Salop, bart.

Henry Cornwall, LL.D. 29 Sept. 1699, aet. 58 ; Susanna his
sister, wife of Joh. Baines, cook, 17 Nov. 1700, aet. 42.

Joh. Bernard, gent. stud, of Sid. coll. 1 May, 1703,
set. 18.

Tho. Fairmeadow, M.A. rector of Ansty, Herts, and sometime
fell, of Chr. coll. 15 June, 1711, set. 67.

Dr. John Edwards, formerly fell, of S. Joh. coll. a learned
and pious divine, laborious and useful writer, and an excellent
preacher, 16 Apr. 1716, ag. 79; Catharine his wife, 14 Jan.

1743, ag. 81 ; her brother's widow, Mary Newcome, mother
of rev. Dr. Joh. Newcome, master of S. Joh. coll. 24 Aug.

1744, ag. 83 ; Dorothy Newcome, her daughter, 30 Jan. 1758,
ag. 73.

Rob. Cha. Stoddart, stud, of Chr. coll. 5 Feb. 1732, set. 20,
son of the vicar of Eglingham, Northumberland.

Will. Boys, 16 Dec. 1722, set. 29, only son of Will.
Boys of Kelsale, Suffolk, clerk, and Elizabeth his wife,
daughter of sir Tho. Cullum of Hawsted, in the same county,
bart.

Oilman Wall, apothecary, 19 Jan. 1760, ag. 36 ; Mary
VOL. III. p

210 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.

Davies, wife of Morgan Gwynn Davies, esq. and daughter

of Gilman and Elizabeth Wall, 2 Feb. 1782, ag. 30; Lydia

Wall, daughter of Gilman and Elizabeth, 21 Jul. 1789, ag. 32 ;

Gilman Wall, apothecary, 15 March, 1790, ag. 67; Mary

Wall, 23 Jan. 1796, ag. 75.

Will. Ashby, youngest son of Shukburgh Ashby, esq. of

Blaby, Leicestersh. and stud, of Chr. coll. 27 Aug. 1760,

»t. 22.

Tho. Wiseman, aid. and J.P. mayor 1749 and 1760, 20

Apr. 1764, ag. 71.

Leonard Chappelow, B.D. arable professor 48 years, and

sometime fell, of S. Joh. coll. a very pious and learned

man, 14 Jan. 1768, ag. 75; Mary his relict, 30 Jul. 1779,

ag. 88.

Geo. Fowler, fel. com. Chr. coll. 20 Jul. 1775, set. 28.
In Memory of Captain James Cook, of the Royal Navy,
one of the most celebrated navigators, that this, or former
ages can boast of; who was killed by the natives of Owyhee,
in the Pacific Ocean, on the 14th day of February, 1779 ;
in the 51st year of his age. Of Mr. Nathaniel Cook, who
was lost with the Thunderer Man of War, Captain Boyle
Walsingham, in a most dreadful hurricane, in October, 1780,
aged 16 years. Of Mr. Hugh Cook, of Christ's College,
Cambridge, who died on the 21st of December, 1793; aged
17 years. Of James Cook, esq. commander in the Royal
Navy, who lost his life on the 25th of January, 1794; in
going from Pool, in the Spitfire Sloop of War, which he com-
manded; in the 31st year of his age. Of Elizabeth Cook,
who died April 9th, 1771, aged 4 years. Joseph Cook, who
died Sept. 13th, 1768, aged 1 month. George Cook, who
died Oct. 1st 1772, aged 4 months. All children of the first
mentioned Capt. James Cook by Elizabeth Cook, who sur-
vived her husband 56 years, and departed this life 13th
May, 1835, at her residence at Clapham, Surrey, in the
94th year of her age. Her remains are deposited with those
of her sons, James and Hugh, in the middle aisle of thia
church.

Mary wife of Joh. Bones, 30 Aug. 1786, ag. 29; Joh.
Bones, solicitor, 21 Nov. 1813, ag. 66.

S, ANDREW THE GREAT, 211

Job. Fisher, 1795, ag. 79; Elizabeth his wife; Thomas
their son, 1839, ag. 93 ; Sarah his wife, 1834, ag. 73 ; Sarah
and Harriet their daughters.

Joh. Favell, 14 May, 1804, ag. 64; Elizabeth his wife,
13 Oct. 1840, ag. 93 ; John Favell, their son, ensign 20th foot,
4 Nov. 1799, of wounds in action at Baccum, interred in the
cathedral of Leyden ; Samuel Favell, their son, capt. 61st foot,
fell at Salamanca, 21 Jul. 1812; William Anthony Favell,
their son, ensign 61st foot, fell near Toulouse, 10 Apr. 1814;
James Favell, their son employed in exploring the shores of
Africa, died from effects of the climate at Delagoa bay, 13
Apr. 1823 ; Thomas Favell, their son, comm. R.N. 31 July,
1833, ag. 52 ; Edward Favell, their son [sometime alderman],
6 June, 1854, set. 67.

Tho. Thackeray, surgeon, 27 Nov. 1806, ag. 70. His
afflicted family in erecting this tablet to his memory, forbear
to fill it with superfluous praise and useless lamentation. May
they who knew him best and loved him most, praise him in
their future lives, by a remembrance of his example and an
imitation of his virtues;'0) Lydia, his widow, 8 Oct. 1830,
ag. 93.

Joseph Butcher, solicitor [and alderman], 25 Feb. 1814,
set. 71.

Joseph Wilson, stud, of Chr. coll. 1 Apr. 1815, aet. 19.

Susan wife of Hen. Gunning, 28 Mar. 1817, ag. 42 ; Hen
Gunning [M.A.] esq. bedel for upwards of 64 years, died at
Brighton, 4 Jan. 1854, ag. 88.

Ja. Fowler Taylor, second son of Joh. Taylor, esq. of
Bradford house, near Bolton, and stud, of Eman. coll. 7 May,
1821, ag. 25.

Jane, wife of G[eo.] B[usby] White, town clerk, 11 Oct.
1826, ag. 38.

Cha. Joh., Fred., and Hen., children of Cha. and Mary
Humfrey; Mary Humfrey, 12 Mar. 1828, set. 50.

Jean Baptiste Goussel, teacher of the French language in

(a) This inscription, which has been much admired, is closely copied
from one in Stanford church, Worcestershire, by sir Edward Winnington,
to the memory of Anne his wife, who died in 1794.— Gent, Mag. xcvi.
(2) 134, 304.

212 S. ANDREW THE GEEAT.

this university more than 40 years, born at Nancy in Lorrain,
died at his residence Emmanuel lane in this parish, 9 June,
1832, ag. 72.

Emily, dau. of Kob. and Mary Ann Willis, 1 June, 1836,
ag. 3 ; Hen. their son, 9 Oct. 1842, ag. 5 mo.

Geo. Langshaw, B.D. fell, of S. Joh. coll. and for more than
seven years the faithM, indefatigable and self-denying incum-
bent of this parish, 20 Feb. 1843, «t. 37.

In the old churchyard.

Ja. Fletcher, aid. and sometime mayor, 8 Aug. 1706.

Joh. Edw. Browne, of Christ's coll. 3 non Nov. 1815, born
at Norwich 6 id. Apr. 1796, eld. son of Joh. Hen. Browne,
LL.B. master of Hingham school, Norfolk.

Tho. Walt. Clarke Darby, of S. Joh. coll. 13 Nov. 1819,
ag. 18, 5th and last surviving son of lieut.-col. Darby of
Bath.

Ja. Fowler Taylor, of Eman. coll. 7 May, 1821, ag. 25.

Field Dunn Barker, aid. and sometime banker, 7 Mar. 1823,
ag. 53.

Charlotte Elizabeth Mill, born at Bishop's college, Calcutta,
6 Sept. 1831, died at Cambridge, 1 Oct. 1843. [An inscription
on the other side of this monument is so placed as to be
illegible.]

Hen. Joh. Cramer, of Trin. hall, B.A. 4 kal. Jul. 1844,
set. 30.

Sarah, widow of Joseph Fayrer, M.A. of Clare hall, vicar of
S. Teath and preb. of Endillion, Cornwall, 27 Sept. 1844,
set. 59.

wife of Luke Jones, M.A ag. 36.

In the new churchyard.

William Gasson, B.A. sch. Chr. coll. 29 Jan., 1849, ag. 29.

Hen. Will. Gunning, stu. Chr. coll., b. at Bath 1829,
drowned 1849.

Eev. Edm. Cory, 25 Nov. 1850, ag. 43 ; Fred. Cory, 30 Jan.
1856, set. 50.

S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 213

Eob. Walker, vie. of Dunton, Beds., b. 29 Sept. 1780, d.
20 Jan. 1852.

Hen. Mitchell, surgeon, b. 1 Nov. 1818, d. 1 Mar. 1853.

Field Dunn Barker, 5 Oct. 1856, ag. 58.

Elizabeth, wife of rev. Joh. L. F. Russell, M.A., 19 June,
1858, ag. 43.

The following eminent men have been vicars or
lecturers(a) of this parish : William Perkins, B.D.,
fellow of Christ's college ; Paul Baines, fellow of
Christ's college ; Ralph Cudworth, fellow of Em-
manuel college, afterwards rector of Aller; Thomas
Edwards, author of Gangrsena; Thomas Hill, D.D.,
successively master of Emmanuel and Trinity col-
leges ; Thomas Tenison, afterwards archbishop of
Canterbury ;(i) John Mickleborough, professor of
chemistry; William Bennet, fellow of Emmanuel
college, afterwards bishop of Cloyne ; Temple
Chevallier, B.D., now professor of mathematics and
astronomy in the university of Durham ; and George
Langshaw, B.D., fellow of S. John's college.

To the before mentioned benefactions of Christopher
Rose we may add the following: Robert Crocheman
and Cassandra his wife before 1278 gave lands in
this parish to the prioress and nuns of S. Rhadegund,
to find a chaplain to celebrate in this church. Anne
Bedel, widow, in 1500 bequeathed goods and money
to the church and for service at the altar of S. Mary
and to the gild of S. Catharine. John A'Loft in

(a) The lectureship in this parish, established in the reign of Elizabeth,
was suppressed in or about 1620, but was revived a few years afterwards.

(6) During the plague years, 1665 and 1666, Mr. Tenison courageously
kept at his post and with perfect safety to himself. On his leaving the
benefice the inhabitants presented him with a piece of plate.

214 g. ANDREW THE GREAT.

1509 gave money and a house and garden for ser-
vices. Archbishop Tenison, formerly vicar, in 1715
bequeathed £50 to repair the fabric. Mrs. Anne
Robson in 1722 gave a silver flagon and almsdish.(a)
Thomas Green, bishop of Ely, augmented the vicar-
age in 1730. The executors of William Stanley, D.D.,
dean of S. Asaph, in 1734 gave £200 to augment
the vicarage; and, in 1756, John Mickleborough,
B.D., sometime vicar, bequeathed £100 for the like
purpose. Edward Noyes, esq., in 1801 bequeathed
£27, the interest to repair his tomb and the surplus
to the poor in bread. Thomas Carrington in 1820
bequeathed £20, the interest to the poor in bread.
Thomas Wicks, cook of Emmanuel college, gave
the altar piece in 1833. Elizabeth Cook, widow
of the great capt. James Cook, by will 8 April,
1833, gave £1000 consols, the dividends to re-
pair the monuments of herself and family, £2 to
the minister, and the residue to five poor aged
women of good character not receiving parish relief.
The rev. John Cooper, M.A., late vicar, gave
bells. William Knowles, esq., of 9 Wilton street,
Grosvenor place, Middlesex, in 1855 bequeathed
£166. 3s. 4:d. consols, the dividends to be distributed
yearly to ten elderly women of good character.

A small portion of this parish is included in
S. Paul's ecclesiastical district.

The ancient monastic and academical foundations
in this parish were, the house of Dominican friars

(a) An old chalice belonging to this church, and weighing 8 oz. 13 dwt.,
has the following barbarous inscription :

THIS FOR SENT TANDROS PARES IN KAMBREGE.

S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 215

(now Emmanuel college), God's house (now Christ's
college), S. Nicholas' hostel, w Rud's hostel, (6) and S.
Michael's hostel. (c)

The baptists^ have a large chapel in S. Andrew's

(a) A hostel of S. Nicholas, situate in the parish of S. John the
Baptist, was purchased of Simon Dallyng, clerk, by Henry VI. for the
site of King's college. It is probable that at that period the students
migrated to this parish.

The hostel of S. Nicholas was situate on the eastern side of S. Andrew's
street (anciently termed Preachers' street). In 1582 this hostel is designated
as the messuage of Simon Watson. It became the property of Emmanuel
college soon after the foundation of that house, and sir Henry Killigrew
gave £140 in order that a portion of it might be converted into lodgings
for Laurence Chaderton, the first master of the society.

Fuller was much misinformed as to the site of S. Nicholas hostel,
stating that it stood opposite Christ's college (whereas it was on the same
side of the street), and that it was in his time a private house with the
public name of the Brazen George.

He adds that the scholars were as eminent for hard study as infamous
for their brawling by night.

Amongst the distinguished men of S. Nicholas' hostel, which was
appropriated wholly or chiefly to students in canon and civil law, were :
Rowland Lee, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, died 1542-3 ; John
Dakyn, LL.D., archdeacon of the east riding of York, died 1558; Michael
Dunning, LL.D., principal of the hostel, chancellor of Norwich, and arch-
deacon of Bedford, died 1558 ; John Rokeby, LL.D., civilian and diplo-
matist, died 1573; and Eliseus Price, LL.D., civilian, died about 1605.

(6) Now the Castle inn opposite Emmanuel college.

(c) S. Michael's hostel is said to have stood on the site of the inn
called the Brazen George, which is now occupied by the Post Office and
adjacent buildings. It was apparently disused as a hostel before 1521.

(rf) The founders of nearly all the dissenting congregations in Cambridge-
shire, were Francis Holcroft, M.A., fellow of Clare hall and ejected vicar of
Bassingbourn, and Joseph Oddy, fellow of Trinity college and ejected
vicar of Meldreth. Mr. Oddy died 3 May, 1687, and Mr. Holcroft
(who had been much persecuted during the reign of Charles II.) 6
Jan. 1692-3.

When James II. granted a general toleration to the dissenters, those
residing in Cambridge set up a meeting-house on Hog hill (now S. Andrew's
hill) in the parish of S. Benedict. The famous Joseph Hussey was their
pastor from 19 Oct., 1691, till Jan., 1719-20, when he removed to
London, leaving behind him an audience of above one thousand persons
and a church of more than one hundred and fifty members. He was

216 8. ANDREW THE GREAT.

street, erected in 1836, (on the site of a former
one) from the design of John Smith, esq. architect.

born at Fordingbridge, Hants., 31 Mar., 1660, died in Hoxton square
near London, 15 Nov., 1726, and was author of various theological
publications including above thirty sermons preached at Cambridge.

During Mr. Hussey's pastorate the presbyterians withdrew and estab-
lished a meeting-house in Green street.

Fresh dissensions ensued on his departure from Cambridge. In
1721 a portion of his congregation seceded and fitted up as a meeting-
house a stable and granary in a place called the Stoneyard in Great
S. Andrew's. This new congregation was split into two in 1723, the
seceders having a meeting-house in Barnwell.

The Stoneyard congregation was further divided by disputes between
the anabaptists and peedobaptists. The former fitted up as a meeting
house a barn called Miller's barn in Great S. Andrew's. It was opened
16 April, 1726.

The congregations of Stoneyard and Miller's barn were soon afterwards
re-united and met again in Stoneyard, 9 Nov., 1727. A mixed com-
munion was established and Andrew Harper was appointed minister.
He was succeeded, in 1745, by Geo. Simpson, M.A. of Aberdeen, a rigid
baptist. After many disputes the meeting house in Stoneyard was for
a short time closed, but was subsequently occupied by the baptists, who
in 1759 invited Robert Robinson to become their pastor, and after two
years of trial he accepted the office. He was born at Swaffham,
Norfolk, 8 Oct., 1735, and died at Birmingham, 8 June, 1790. He was
a man of great learning and author of The History of Baptism, Eccle-
siastical Researches, and other works. At the close of his life he adopted
anti-trinitarian opinions, declaring however that he was "neither a
socinian nor an arian."

The meeting house at Stoneyard was rebuilt in 1764 and thenceforth
became known as S. Andrew's meeting.

To Mr. Robinson succeeded Robert Hall, M.A., a man of consummate
ability and exemplary piety, who continued here till 1806. He subsequently
settled at Leicester and ultimately at Bristol, where he died 21 Feb.
1831, set. 67. His works, with a biographical memoir by Olinthus Gregory,
LL.D., were published, Lond. 6 vols. 8vo. 1833.

Mr. "William Adams, who died 7 Aug. 1849, bequeathed £330 to this
congregation for clothing the poor.

Charles Finch Foster, alderman, in 1858 gave a handsome mansion in
S. Andrew's street as a residence for the minister of this chapel.

In the chapel are memorials for :

Rev. Rob. Roff, 29 Nov. 1850, ag. 51, twelve years minister.

Rich. Foster [sometime mayor and alderman] 2 Apr., 1859, aet. 77.
In simple reliance upon his Redeemer he adorned his doctrine by a zealous

S. ANDREW THE GREAT. 217

The independents have also a chapel in Downing
lane.(0)

The once noted inns, the Falcon, (6) the Brazen

and cheerful discharge of the duties of public and private life. By a
large hearted beneficence, combined with a firm adherence to his own
principles, he gained the love and esteem of all classes.

In the small burial ground adjoining are several monuments, including
one to :

Tho. Hovell [sometime mayor] 30 Apr., 1837, ag. 80.

(a) The early history of the Cambridge dissenters is alluded to in the
preceding note. The congregation of which Joseph Hussey was pastor
was originally presbyterian, but independent or congregational views
predominating, the presbyterians in 1696 withdrew to Green street.

The congregation of Downing lane represents that of Hussey, and the
following is a list of his successors in the ministry :

1722, Mr. Throgmorton; 1734, Mr. Dadley; 1736, Mr. Shire; 1739,
John Conder; 1757, Mr. Sibly; 1763, Mr. Darby; 1768, Joseph Saunders;
1789, Mr. Gardner; 1806, William Harris; 1818, Rob. Lee; 1820, Sam.
Thodey; 1848, Geo. Burden Bubier; 1855, Mat. Trotter; 1859, Tho.
Campbell Finlayson.

John Conder, born at Wimpole, 3 June, 1714, removed from Cambridge
to Homerton, where he died 30 May, 1781. He was D.D., author of various
publications, including two sermons preached at Cambridge, and a man of
much piety and worth.

William Harris, who on leaving Cambridge became tutor at Hoxton
academy and LL.D., was author of Grounds of Hope for the salvation of
all dying in infancy : an essay. Lond. 8vo. 1821.

W"e cannot ascertain at what period the congregation removed from
Hog hill to Downing lane, nor when the existing chapel was erected, but
it was probably shortly before 1792 when a Church and King mob made
an attack on the building. — Cooper's Ann. of Camb. iv. 445.

In the chapel is a tablet in memory of:

Rev. Joseph Saunders, 28 Aug. 1788, ag, 50, twenty years pastor.

On the wall outside is another commemorating :

Joseph Thodey (bro. of rev. Sam.) 27 Oct., 1835, ag. 32.

Mary Lythell, widow, in 1801 settled £400 stock to augment the income
of the minister.

William Mason, shoemaker, (compiler of a collection of hymns) gave
to the trustees of this chapel, on the death of his son (who is still living)
the residue of his personal estate and effects.

Adjoining the chapel is a neat residence for the minister.

(b) The Falcon was given in 1504 to the prior and convent of Barn well,
by Richard King, of Wisbech, and Agnes his wife, for services for their
souls and the souls of their ancestors.

218 S. ANDREW THE GREAT.

George, (a) and the Bishop Blase(6) were wholly or
partly in this parish. The Castle, the Birdbolt,(c)
and the Wrestlers, (d} which still exist, are inns of
some antiquity.

Although it has long ceased to be an inn, many of the buildings
remain. The galleries which surround the court yard WP^O used on
occasion of dramatic performances.

When, in 1565, William Fulke (afterwards master of Pembroke hall)
•was expelled from his fellowship at o. John's, he lodged at the Falcon
and supported himself by the delivery of public lectures there.

Roger lord North of Kirtling, lord lieutenant of the county and high
steward of the town, who died in 1600, appears constantly to have used
this house when he came to Cambridge.

It was frequented by the gentlemen of the county as late as 1731,
when they met here and entered into a subscription for the relief of the
sufferers by a fire at Barnwell.

The street in which the Falcon stood is called the Petty Cury, which
it appears from ancient deeds is synonymous with Little Cookery. — See
Cooper's Annals of Camb., i. 273 ; Notes and Queries, 1 ser. iv. 120, 194;
Communications to Camb. Antiq. Soc., i. 63.

Part of the Falcon was in the parish of S. Mary the great.

(a) The Brazen George is mentioned in 1521 as belonging to Thomas
Warde.

(b) The Bishop Blase, which was partly in the parish of S. Benedict,
occupied the site of the house known as Llandaff house, which was
erected by Richard Watson, bishop of Llandaff, but has since his death
been used as private schools. The conversion of the inn into a dwelling
house for the bishop occasioned the following epigram by Mansel (after-
wards bishop of Bristol) :

Two of a trade can ne'er agree

No proverb can be juster

They've taken down Bishop Blase ye see

To put up Bishop Bluster.

(c) In a licence from Henry Butts, D.D., vice-chancellor, to William
Pether, 2nd March, 1630-1, this house is called the Hanging Birdbolt.

(d) The Wrestlers and adjoining messuages were conveyed by John
Hills and Frances his wife to William Crane, gent, 21 Sept., 1656, for
£440.

An opinion long prevailed that Jeremy Taylor was born at this house.
It is certain, however, that he was a native of the parish of the Holy
Trinity.

OLD HOUSES,

PETTY CURV, S. ANDREW THE GREAT.

REMAINS OF BARXWEXL PRIORY.

S. ANDREW THE LESS.

THE history of this parish, which is not Tin-
frequently called BAENWELL,((J) is connected with that
of the largest and most important monastic insti-
tution in the town.

BARNWELL PRIORY.— In or before 1092 Hugolina
wife of Picot sheriff of the county of Cambridge,
was taken dangerously ill at Cambridge. She
was given over by the king's physicians and other
medical men who were called to her assistance.
Upon this she vowed to God and S. Giles (whom
she regarded as her peculiar patron) that if she

(a) It is said to have derived its name from a well or spring to which
children (barns) resorted yearly on the eve of S. John the Baptist to
amuse themselves with wrestling and other sports.

Parts of Barnwell are in the parishes of S. Benedict and the Holy
Trinity.

220 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

recovered she would establish a house of religion
and dedicate the same to God and S. Giles. To
this vow her husband assented. Three days after-
wards she perfectly recovered, upon which she and
her husband, after consulting Remigius(a) bishop of
Lincoln (in whose diocese Cambridge was then
situate), built a church to the honour of S. Giles
with convenient apartments near the castle of Cam-
bridge, in which they placed six canons regular,
under the superintendence of Geoffrey canon of
Huntingdon, a very religious man. Picot gave
to this society the churches of S. Giles Cambridge,
Guilden Morden with the chapel of Redreth, Tad-
low, Bourn with the chapel of the castle and the
chapel of Caldecot, Comberton, Madingley, Rampton,
Harston, and Hinxton. Also two parts of the tithes
of all the demesnes of all his knights pertaining to
the barony of Bourn in Cambridgeshire : viz. of
Quy, Stow, Waterbeach, Milton, Impington, Histon,
Girton, Oakington, Rampton, Cottenham, Lolworth,
Trumpington, Haslingfield, Harlton, Eversden, Toft,
Caldecot, Kingston, Wimpole, Croydon, Hatley, Pam-
pisford, and Aldewinde.

In 1112 the canons removed to a new and spacious
monastery erected at Barnwell(6) by Pain Peverel,
who had been standard bearer in the holy land to

(a) Anselm archbishop of Canterbury is said to have been consulted
with Remigius respecting the foundation, but he was not archbishop till
1093, and Remigius died 7 May, 1092. Anselm is not named in Picot's
charter of foundation. That charter speaks of canons regular, but it may
be doubted if the rule of S. Augustine were adopted by the canons before
their removal to Barnwell. (Cf. Dugdale Monast. ed. Caley, &c. vi. 38.)

(b) On this place Godilo a man of great piety, leading a solitary life,
had built a little oratory of wood to the honour of S, Andrew the apostle.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 221

Robert duke of Normandy, and to whom Henry I.
granted the estates of Picot, which had been for-

But being dead a little before, had left the place without inhabitant and
his oratory without a keeper.

Henry I. granted the site (13 acres) to the canons at the request of
Pain Peverel. By the same charter he gave them the tithes of his
demesnes of Cambridge, and confirmed the grant of the churches of S. Giles
and Comberton.

Charters of confirmation were given by Hervey and Nigellus bishops of
Ely, and Theobald archbishop of Canterbury.

William Peverel confirmed the donations of Pain his father, and more-
over gave half a hide of land in Bourn.

Ralph de Waterville gave the advowson of Burton upon Strather in Lin-
colnshire, and the grant was confirmed by his sisters Ascelina de Waterville
and Maud de Diva, and by William Fitz Ot-ho who married his niece Maud.

Hugh Domesman, prior, gave 140 acres of land and many houses in
Cambridge, and two hides of land in Madingley.

Sir Everard de Beche contributed largely to the rebuilding of the church
during the priorate of Robert Joel.

Eustace de Picot in 1193, gave lands in Madingley.

Geoffrey Peche is said to have given the church of Harston to find
habits for the canons, but this was perhaps only a confirmation, as that
church occurs in Picot's charter.

William de Kilkenny, bishop of Ely, in 1256 bequeathed to the priory
200 marks for founding two divinity exhibitions at Cambridge.

The following lands in Cambridge were given before 1273: — Earl
David, 2 acres before the gate of the church ; the countess Maud, 2
acres; Dunnig (great grandfather of Hervey Dunnig) and Maud his
wife, 55 acres ; Alketille, 50 acres ; Hervey Dunnig, 3 messuages ;
William, son of Baldwin Blangermun, 2 messuages and 92 acres; William
"Waubert, 4 acres ; Steph. de Haukeston, 7 acres ; Joel, father of prior
Robert, a messuage and 6 acres; Tho. Toylet, 51 acres, a croft, and 15d.
rent; Walt, de Wyshunden, 10s. rent; Roys, son of Reginald de Marisco,

2 acres ; Isabel de Nedingworthe, one acre ; Eustace de Nedeham, half an
acre; Acius Frere, 4 messuages, 6 acres, and 13s. rent; Joh. le Kaleys and
Basilia his wife, 40 acres; Tho. Plote, a messuage and 5 roods; Rich.
Bateman, 12s. rent ; Barth. Gogging, 2 acres ; Will, de Preston, 2 mes-
suages ; Nich. de Hemingford (son of sir Will, de Hemingford) 3 acres ;
William Clerk, a messuage and lands; Adam Weriel, 2 messuages and
a croft ; Jer. de Bernewelle, a messuage ; Geoff", de Bernewelle, chaplain,
a messuage and 5 acres; Rich, de Stanesfeld, a messuage; Hen. Melt,

3 acres ; Geoff. Melt, a messuage and 5 roods. [The benefactions of Rich.
Bateman and Geoff. Melt were purchased with monies given to acquit
them of Judaism.]

222 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

felted by his son Robert who fled the kingdom on
a charge of treason. Pain Peverel augmented the
endowment and increased the number of canons.
On occasion of the removal of the canons to their
new habitation, there was a vast concourse both of
the clergy and laity, including the burgesses of
Cambridge.

The church erected by Pain Peverel was replaced
by a larger one built during the priorate of Robert
Joel, and dedicated to the honour of S. Andrew and
S. Giles, 11 kal. Maii, 1191, by William Longchamp,
bishop of Ely, who granted forty days indulgence
upon the occasion.

King John gave the prior and convent £10 in
silver, and on 27 April in the first year of his
reign [1199], granted them the town of Chesterton
at fee farm. He also granted them a fair at Barn-
well commencing on Midsummer eve.(0)

On the death of William Peverel (the second
founder's son) the patronage of the priory passed

Robert de Fulburn in 1276, gave a stone house opposite S. Sepulchre's
church, and at his death in 1286, forgave 300 marks owing to him by the
house, to which he bequeathed abundance of silver cups and dishes, a great
collection of books and other things.

Job. Keynsham, alderman, about 1502, gave a messuage for a yearly
obiit for his soul and that of Joan his wife.

Rich. King, of Wisbech, and Agnes his wife, in 1504 gave the Falcon in
the Petty Cury, and a messuage, &c. near the gate of the friars preachers in
Cambridge, on condition that the convent performed certain annual services
for their souls and the souls of their ancestors.

(a) The charters of John were confirmed by Hen. TTT. Edw. I.
Edw. U. Edw. IIL Ric. H. Edw. IV. and Ric. III.

Edw. II. by a charter, 15 Oct. 1313, freed the prior and convent from
tallages for all their estate in Cambridge.

Richard II. by a charter granted during his residence in this priory,
16 Oct. 1388, extended the duration of the fair belonging to this house.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 223

to Hamon Peche who married his daughter, and from.
him to his son Gilbert who died before 1217, his
grandson Hamon who died 1041, and his great
grandson Gilbert. The latter by a deed dated at
Barn well the first Sunday in advent, 1256, gave
the canons free leave to elect a prior, reserving to
himself and his heirs merely the power of con-
firmation, and a limited right of taking possession
during a vacancy. This deed was confirmed by
Edw. I. 12 May, 1284.

In 49 Hen. III. the prior was summoned to
parliament, but the summons was not repeated.

In 1266 the adherents of the insurgent barons
committed great excesses at the priory, and con-
ducted themselves with extreme insolence towards
the prior. The next year the king came to Cam-
bridge which he fortified. With him came his
brother Richard earl of Poictou and Cornwall,
and king of the Romans, who lodged in this priory.
As soon, however, as the king had left Cambridge
it was retaken by the insurgents who would have
destroyed this house but for the intercession of
Sir Hugh Peche and his brother. The prior not-
withstanding his devotion to the royal cause was
subsequently treated with great ingratitude by
William de S. Omer, the king's justiciary, who
quartered himself and his family on the prior for
a year, and wound up all by fining him for an
alleged misdemeanour.

In the night of S. Blase's day (3 Feb.) 1287-8, a
terrible flash of lightning set fire to the tower of
the church. The fire which raged all that night

224: S. ANDREW THE LESS.

and till sunset the following day did great damage
to the church and other buildings. The necessary
repairs appear to have been effected by 6 March,
1288-9, when the church was reconciled by John
de Kirkeby, bishop of Ely.

John de Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury
made a visitation of this priory.

Previously to the arrival of Edw. I. at Cambridge
in March, 1293, the royal cofferer deposited £1000
in the dormitory of the priory, and during the
king's visit his chancellor John de Langton lodged
in the priory. The royal horses to the number of fifty
were at Barnwell under the care of Adam de Riston.

The chancellor of the university in 1294, ex-
communicated the prior and one of the canons for
refusing to obey his citations. They appealed to the
archdeacon of Ely. He was inhibited by the bishop's
official who absolved the parties on their giving
security till the arrival of the bishop.

Edward II. was at the priory 18th 19th and 20th
of Feb. 1325-6.

During the great riot in June, 1381, the insur-
gents made a violent attack on this house, treading
down the prior's close and cutting and carrying
away a great number of trees. On the 23rd July,
Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, directed his letter
requiring the clergy to admonish all persons guilty
of these outrages to make restitution or compensation
and in the event of three monitions proving ineffec-
tual, they were to incur the greater excommuni-
cation.

In Sept. and Oct. 1388, Richard II. resided in

8. ANDREW THE LESS. 225

this priory and held the parliament there. On
27 Sept., John Fordham, bishop of Ely, made his
profession of obedience to the see of Rome in the
choir of the conventual church before archbishop
Courtenay, and the king being present gave him pos-
session of the temporalities of the see.

Disputes between the prior and convent and the
corporation of the town, which had occasioned a
variety of legal proceedings, were terminated by
an award of arbitrators made 22 Jan. 1505-6,
and on 18 June, 1506, another award was made
for terminating disputes between this house and the
university.

The prior of this house was ex-officio the crown
receiver of all taxes payable by the clergy of the
diocese of Ely.

Synods of the diocese were frequently held in
the conventual church, and at one of them John
Alcock, bishop of Ely, delivered a discourse which
he caused to be printed with the punning title :
" Gallicantus Johannis Alcock Episcopi Eliensis ad
confratres suos curatos in sinodo apud Bernwell xxv
die mensis Septembris, A.D. 1498." In another
synod held here 9 July, 1528, the celebration
of mass in "ruggid gownes" was prohibited, and
rectors and curates were forbidden to use the new
translation of the Bible. About the close of 1529
Nicholas West, bishop of Ely, preached in the
church of this priory against Hugh Latimer, whose
sermons in behalf of the reformation were then
causing much controversy.

The judges of assize usually lodged at this priory.

VOL. III. Q

226 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

We find mention of the chapels of S. Peter or
the infirmary chapel ; S. Mary and S. Edmund ;
and S. Hugh or the almonry chapel ; the gilds of
S. Mary, S. Catharine, (a) and S. Nicholas; and of
the altars, lights and images of S. Mary, S. Giles,
S. Christopher, S. Catharine, S. Nicholas, the Holy
Sepulchre, S. Augustine, and S. Thomas.

The house was surrendered to Hen. VIII. 8 Nov.
1538, by John Badcock prior, and six canons.(6)

(a) There was a house called Seynt Kateryns house in the street of
Barnwell which was leased by the prior and convent of Barn well to
Stephen Neylson for eighty years at the rent of 5s. by indenture dated
31 Jan. 12 Edw. IV. [1472-3]. It consisted of a hall with two chambers
in the upper part of the hall, a garret over both chambers, a kitchen in
the lower part of the hall and a rye chamber. The lessees granted that
the aldermen, brethren and sisters of the gild of S. Catharine might at
their pleasure dine together and hold the gild in this house.

(&) The following is a list of the priors :

1092, Geoffrey. He survived the removal to Barnwell where he was
buried.

1113, cir. Gerard.

.. Ric. Norrel, resigned after two years and went to France.

1115, cir. Hugh Domesman, prior twenty years.

Rob. Joel, prior thirty-three years, lived three years afterwards,

bur. at Barnwell.

1197, Robert occurs.

1207, cir. Will, de Devon, died 25 Jan., 1213-4, bur. at Barnwell.

1213, Nov. 2, Will, de Bedford, died a few days afterwards, bur. at
Barnwell.

1214, Ric. de Burgh, died soon after election, bur. at Barnwell.

1215, cir. Laur. de Stanesfeld, died in thirty-eighth year of his priorate,
bur. at Barnwell.

1253, cir. Hen. de Eye, resigned in the third year of his priorate, died
fourteen years afterwards, bur. at Barnwell.

1256, cir. Jolan de Thorley, resig. 1266, bur. at BarnwelL

1266, Oct. 11, Simon de Ascellis, M.A. Oxon. resigned 1297, died same
year, bur. at Barnwell.

1297, Benedict de Welton, received temporalities 3 Jul. resigned 1316.

1316, Dec. 3, Fulk.

1329-30, Job,, de Quy alias Oxney.

1340, Dec. 23, Job. de Brunne.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 227

The site of the priory, the tithes of the parish,
and lands which had belonged to the priory, (a) were
granted 38 Hen. VIII. to sir Anthony Brown, K.G.
and 6 Edw. VI. to Edward Fiennes, alias Clinton
lord Clinton, afterwards earl of Lincoln.(6)

1350, Ralph de Norton, received temporalities 1 Jul.

1383, cir. Tho. de Canterbury.

1392, Job. Bernewell alias Outlawe.

1408-9, Jan. 14, William Downe, died 1428.

1428, Job. Chateriz, received temporalities 3 Dec.

1434, Job. Page, received temporalities 22 Mar. 1434-5.

1441, Job. Poket, received temporalities, 24 May, d. 28 Aug., 1464, bur.
at Barn well.

1464, Sept. 24, Job. Whaddon, received temporalities, 27 Oct. resig.
10 Nov. 1474.

1474, Nov. 26, Will. Tebald, received temporalities, 14 Dec.

1489, Sep. 3, Job. Leveryington, received temporalities, 14 Feb. 1489-90.

1495, Will. Rayson alias Cambridge, received temporialites, 18 Dec.

1522, Tho. Rawlyn alias Cambridge, received temporalities, 10 Jul.
resig. 15..., died 1543.

1530, cir. Nic. Smith, resig. 1534, living 1551.

1534, Nov. 24, Job. Badcock, afterwards rector of Upwell, died about
1562.

Laurence de Stanesfeld, prior, was author of The Sufferings of the
Saints, 3 vols.

Ralph de Coggeshall, the historian, who died about 1230-, is said to
have been sometime a canon of this house.

Amongst those buried in the priory, were Pain Peverel, many of the
family of Peche, sir Everard de Beche, Rob. de Fulburn, Tho. Toylet,
Acius Frere, Maud Picot, and sir Thomas Cheyne (1489.)

(a) The estates of the priory at the dissolution were valued at
£256. 11s. 10d. per annum according to one account, and at £351. 15s. 4.d.
according to another.

In 1540 there were found in the priory church six bells weighing 25 cwt,
and the materials of the church were valued at £65. Is. 2d.

(b) Lord Clinton married Elizabeth the widow of sir Anthony Brown.
The site was the property of Thomas Wendy, esq., as early as 1556.
On 2 Aug. in that year the corporation deputed the mayor and some of
the aldermen to go to Mr. Wendy with an honest present, and to
commune with him concerning the buying of Barnwell or otherwise
having the same as they can agree. In 1650 it was the estate of another
Tho. Wendy, esq. Soon afterwards (but how or at what precise time we
have not ascertained) it dame to sir Thomas Cbicheley of Wimpole, who

228 8. ANDREW THE LESS.

A register of the priory, a fine volume on vellum
extending from the foundation to about 1297, was
formerly the property of Eichard Farmer, D.D., the
noted antiquary. At the sale of his library in 1798
it was purchased by Mr. Gough, who bequeathed it
with his other vast topographical collections to the
Bodleian library at Oxford. An abstract by Thomas
Rutherforth, rector of Papworth, S. Agnes, was pub-
lished by John Nichols, F.S.A., Lond., 4to. 1786.(a)

The common seal appended to the surrender is
large and oval, having thereon a prior in full canoni-

exchanged it in 1659 for an estate at Orwell with Neville Alexander
Butler, attorney-at-law. He resided here and it is recorded that he was
the first owner of the priory who lived therein since the dissolution.
He died March, 1674-5, and was succeeded by his eldest surviving son
Ambrose Butler, who died March, 1685-6, when it came to his posthumous
daughter Vere, who dying 1689 it was inherited by her uncle John Butler,
LL.D., rector of Wallington, Hertfordshire, who died in May, 1714, when
it descended to his eldest son Jacob Butler, M.A. of Christ's college, and
barrister-at-law. He was a most eccentric character, and in 1756 sold it
to George 'Riste, alderman of Cambridge, for £10,500, and after a suit
in chancery for specific performance it was conveyed in 1760. Mr. Riste
by will dated 17 Feb. 1761, devised it to trustees for sale. Anne, wife of
Joseph Bentham, alderman of Cambridge, and sister to Mr. Riste, in 1763
conveyed it to Thomas Panton, esq. Under a settlement made on the
marriage in 1767 of his son of the same name the estates ultimately
passed to Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth, baroness Willoughby of Eresby,
wife of Peter lord Gwydir, and the hon. Peter Rob. Drummond Burrell
their son, by whom it was sold in 1813 to James Geldart, M.A., then of
Trinity college, afterwards LL.D. of Trinity hall and rector of Kirkdeighton,
Yorkshire. He disposed of considerable portions. The residue belongs
to his sons.

It was formerly customary for the corporation of Cambridge to visit
Barn well priory annually on the 16th of June, when the proprietor re-
galed them with gammons of bacon, stewed prunes, cream, strong beer,
and cake, the corporation sending wine and sugar. The custom was kept
up in 1669. It probably originated before the dissolution.

(a) See also some account of Barnwell Priory in the parish of S.
Andrew the Less, Cambridge, by Marmaduke Prickett, M.A., chaplain of
Trin. coll. Cambr. 8vo. 1837.

S. ANDREW THE LESS.

229

THE ABBEY CHUBCH, 1838.

cals with a pastoral staff bearing in his left hand a
book. The inscription "Sigillum Ecclesiss Sancti
Egidii de Bernewell." Another seal was oval with
two figures beneath a double canopy, one mitred
giving the benediction with a crosier in the right
hand, the other in a mass habit caressing a hind
and intended for S. Giles. Below beneath a sepa-
rate arch a canon of S. Augustine kneeling. The
inscription " Sigillum prioris et conventus de Berne-
well ad causas."

THE ABBEY CHURCH. — The ancient parochial
chapel of Barnwell has long been known by this
designation, although it is conjectured with much
apparent reason, that it was merely a chapel attached
to the church of the priory. It was served by one
of the canons until the dissolution, when it was
placed under the charge of a clergyman nominated
by the owner of the priory estate, who held the
great tithes as impropriator.

230 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

William Bagley, minister of Barnwell from 1649
till his death in 1665, received for serving the cure
£16 per annum from the impropriator. The com-
missioners for providing preaching ministers in 1650
recommended that those parts of the parishes of
S. Benedict and the Holy Trinity, which are situate
in Barnwell, should be united to S. Andrew the
less.

About 1835 the advowson was purchased by the
rev. Charles Perry, (now bishop of Melbourne).

The most eminent ministers of this parish have
been Richard Hurd, afterwards bishop of Worcester;
Richard Farmer, afterwards master of Emmanuel
college; Richard Relhan, the botanist; and William
Pulling, an extraordinary linguist. George Fisk,
LL.B., now prebendary of Lichfield and vicar of
Great Malvern, the author of A Pastor's Memorial of
the Holy Land and other works, was minister
1833 to 1835.

This church or chapel which measures only 70
feet by 18, is a plain early english structure without
aisles. There is no external separation of nave and
chancel, but the traces of a rood-screen and gallery
may be perceived cutting off about one-third of the
area eastward for the latter purpose. (0) It has plain
long early english windows, and two good doorways
of the same character. The west end has a pair
of lancets, and the east end a triplet with shafts and
mouldings. (6) There are remains of a piscina, and

(a) The rood screen richly carved, coloured, and gilt, was remaining
in 1826.

(6) The east window is engraved in Brandon's Analysis; the south
doorway and east window in Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches.

INTERIOR OF THE EAST END.

8. ANDREW THE Li 231

on the north side ;r is an ancient coffin

lid.

In 1846, t ocome much dija-

The incorpo:
contributed £1
end two apertures, m
vidently cont; have

j bells of good tv law!

at law,

1621, and concluding

v M.A. of this university, who ^ayj

Lo died 5 May, 177

i the family
•
-

Idainith, bur. her 172i>,

Three of tl : Jacob Batler, of whom it is

gaid ( ^peaking who says of himself), " His in-

ie»8 in the canae of liberty would have intitled him

232 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

to rewards in any age or country where virtue was not a crime,
and corruption the safest path to honour. As his sentiments
relating to the public were founded in principle, so was his
conduct in private life; wherein it would be hard to decide
whether his conjugal affection, his firmness in friendship, or
benevolence in charity truly Christian, shone the brightest ;
for he was conspicuous in all. In the year 1754, to stem the
venality and corruption of the time he offered himself candidate
to represent this county in parliament, unsupported by the
influence of the great, the largess of the wealthy, or any interest
but that his single character could establish, the esteem of all
honest men arid lovers of their country. But when he found
the struggles for freedom faint and ineffectual, and his spirits
too weak to resist the efforts of its enemies, he contented himself
with the testimony of those few friends who dared to be free,
and of his own unbiassed conscience, which, upon this as well as
every other occasion, voted in his favour; and upon these
accounts he was justly intitled to the name of the OLD BRITON."
This modest account is followed by curious particulars of various
law-suits in which he was engaged. The conclusion is " He
feared his God ; he honoured his king ; he despised his foes ;
and valued his friends."

CHRIST'S CHURCH, situate on the Newmarket road,
was opened 24 May, 1839, and consecrated by
Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 27 June in the same
year. The cost of erection, which exceeded £3800,
was defrayed by subscription^5 and by grants from

(a) The principal subscriptions are subjoined : Jesus coll., £300 ; rev.
Cha. Perry (now bishop of Melbourne), £200; Mrs. Perry of Moor hall,
Essex, rev. Will. Carus, M.A., fell., Trin. coll., and Chris. Pemberton, esq.,
£100 each; rev. Joh. Brown, M.A., vicemaster of Trin. coll., and rev. Ja.
Will. Geldhrt, LL.D., £52. 10s. each ; Trin. coll., S. Peter's coll., Queens'
coll., Pembroke coll., Corpus Christi coll., Christ's coll., Miss A. Perry,
Tho. Mortlock, esq., M.A., rev. Geo. Will. Craufurd, M.A., fell. King's coll.,
Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D., fell. Chr. coll., A. Gordon, esq., of Wandsworth
common, rev. Algernon Langton Massingberd, M.A. of Trin. coll., a Johnian
(by rev. H. Jackson), John Grafton, alderman, and James Peterson Twiss,
each £50.

S. ANDREW THE LESS.

233

CHRIST S CHURCH.

the incorporated church building society and church
building commissioners.

It stands north and south and is of brick with
turrets at the angles. Ambrose Poynter, esq., was
the architect.

There are galleries at the west end and on either
side. The church contains 1400 sittings, half being
free.

A commodious vestry hall on the western side
of the church was erected 1863.

The conveyance of the site from John James, D.D. to the church building
commissioners, bears date 29 Aug. 1837.

By an instrument dated 21 Oct. 1839, the pew rents are assigned for
stipends to the minister and clerk.

Under an instrument executed by the church building commissioners,
the bishop of Ely, the patron, and the incumbent, bearing date 26 January,
1846, this has become the church of the parish to all intents and purposes.

There is a substantial parsonage house on the northern side of New-
market road, nearly opposite the church.

234 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS:

In the church.

Fred. Will. Broughton, S. Job. coll. 7 Nov. 1846, ag. 22.
Erected by teachers and children of Jesus lane Sunday school.

Joh. Doudney Lane, B.D. rect. of Forncet S. Peter's, Norfolk,
formerly curate of this parish, and fell, of S. Joh. coll. b. 27
Nov. 1812, d. 27 Apr. 1847.

Rev. Rob. Charnley Paley, B.A. of S. Joh. coll. missionary
in Western Africa, where he died 1 Apr. 1853, ag. 24 ; Louisa
Mary Anne, his widow died on voyage home, 6 May, 1853,
ag. 26. Erected by teachers and children of East road girls
Sunday school.

In the old churchyard.

Mary Cath. Romilly, b. 25 Sept. 1784, d. 7 Dec. 1847 ; Lucy
Mary Romilly, b. 28 Jul. 1797, d. 4 Apr. 1854, daughter of
Tho. Pet. Romilly, esq. of London and Jane Annie his wife.

Joh. Dan. Leach, stud, of S. Joh. coll. 5 Sept. 1849, ag. 24.

Joh. Jos. Vernon, sch. of Cath. hall (son of rev. Will.
Vernon), 29 Dec. 1850, ag. 22.

Jonat. Holt Titcomb, esq. b. 8 Dec. 1786, d. 1 Oct. 1851.

Harriet Ellen Sealy, youngest daughter of lieut.-gen. B.
W. D. Sealy, died at Ventnor, 16 Jul. 1855, ag. 25; Mary
Anne, wid. of lieut.-gen. Sealy, 2 Oct. 1859, ag. 71.

Tho. Smith, curator of the Fitzwilliam Museum, 28 Oct.
1859, a3t. 65.

In the new churchyard.

Sarah Pomfret Smith, wife of Elliot Smith, aid. 3 Sept. 1854,
ag. 48.

Elizabeth, wid. of lieut. Sam. Bromley, R.N. of Aldboro',
Suffolk, 25 Jul. 1856, ag. 69.

Joh. Lock Bailey, surgeon, b. 16 Jan. 1818, d. 17 Nov. 1856.

Elizabeth Humphreys, dau. of Major Humphreys, Hon.
E.I.C.S. 11 Mar. 1858, ag. 85.

S. PAUL'S CHURCH on the Hills' road, to which
an ecclesiastical district is assigned, was opened
for service 17 May, 1842, the cost of erection

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 235

being defrayed by subscription1") and grants from
the incorporated church building society and the
church building commissioners. It was consecrated
by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely, 15 Oct. 1844.

It is a brick structure with a tower. The architect
was Ambrose Poynter, esq.

There are galleries on the sides and at the western
end. The church will accommodate 900 persons,
and there are free sittings for half that number.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the new churchyard.

Andr. Murray, curator of the Botanic garden, 4 Jul. 1850,
ag. 45.

Susannah, wife of W[ill] J[ay] Bolton of Caius coll. 4 Dec.
1850, ag. 27.

Tho. Kattee, 29 Mar. 1855, ag. 34, Elizabeth his mother,
13 Dec. 1850, ag. 64.

(o) The following were amongst the contributors: Adelaide, queen
dowager, £20; rev. Cha. Perry (now bishop of Melbourne), £200; Caius
coll., £100; Chris. Pemberton, esq., and Miss A. Perry, £100 each; rev.
Joh. Brown, M.A., Tice-master of Trin. coll., £62. 10s. ; Jesus coll., £50 ;
Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university, rev.
Jos. Romilly, M.A., registrary of the university, Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D.,
fell, of Christ's coll., and Mrs. Perry of Regent's park, London, £50 each.

The conveyance of the site from Caius coll. to the church building
commissioners, bears date 10 Feb. 1842.

By an instrument dated 7 August, 1844, £10 per annum from the pew
rents are assigned to the clerk, and the residue to the minister.

The governors of queen Anne's bounty, on 13 March, 1845, accepted
£1000 for the further endowment of this church.

An order by the Queen in council, approving of the bounds of S. Paul's
district (wherein is comprehended a small portion of the parish of S.
Andrew the great), was made 30 June, 1845.

By an instrument dated 15 July, 1845, the right of patronage is vested
in the rev. Charles Perry, his heirs and assigns.

A handsome parsonage house has been erected immediately adjoining
the church. The site was conveyed to the church building commissioners
by Caius coll. 13 Feb. 1852.

236 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

Eliz. Anne, only child of Claudius Germas of S. Job. coll.
16 Dec. 1852, ag. 26.

Mary Ann Owen, wid. of Cha. Owen, esq. of Chelsea,
19 Apr. 1857, ag. 83. " She was well known in this town during
many years, for her warm hearted and unwearied labours for
the spiritual and temporal good of others, especially of the
unhappy and erring of her own sex."

A-nne Jane, wife of rev. Edw. Geare, M.A. 29 May, 1860,
ag. 47.

Kev. Geo. Pearce, M.A. of Trin. hall, 3 Dec. 1860, ag. 90.

Rear Adm. Digby Marsh, 5 Jan. 1863, ag. 68 ; Adelaide his
wife, 14 Feb. 1861, ag. 53.

S. MARY MAGDALEN HOSPITAL, STURBRIDGE. — A
hospital for lepers was established in this parish
before 1199, when the lepers recovered in the king's
court a free tenement in Comberton, of which Alan
de Berton had disseised them.

About 1211 king John granted them a fair in
the close of the hospital on the vigil and feast of
the Holy Cross yearly, and this is supposed to
have been the origin of the famous Sturbridge fair.

In 1278 it was presented that the advowson of
the mastership of the hospital belonged to the
burgesses of Cambridge, but had been taken away
from them by Hugh de Norwold, bishop of Ely,
also that the warden of the hospital did not sustain
any lepers therein as of right he ought to have done.

The master of the hospital was in 1340 by the
name of the rector of Steresbrigg charged 27s. to
the ninth then levied by parliament,

John Fordham, bishop of Ely, 19 July, 1390,
granted 40 days indulgence to all aiding the susten-
tation of this chapel.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 237

In the valuation of first-fruits made 1534, Stur-
bridge chapel is rated at £10. 10s. per annuin.(a)

This small but most interesting chapel, consists
of a chancel and nave.

(a) In 1376 the corporation made an ordinance prohibiting any burgess
to take Sturbridge chapel to farm, except to the use of the mayor and
bailiffs, under the penalty of ten marks, or to keep market there or make
any booth there.

In 1441 there was a suit in exchequer by John Arundell, the warden
of this chapel, against the late bailiffs of Cambridge as to the right of
stallage in the chapel yard. He obtained a verdict in his favour.

On 7 August, 1497, John Fynne, LL.B., perpetual incumbent of this
free chapel, with the assent of John Alcock, bishop of Ely, the patron,
and the prior and convent of Ely, demised to the mayor, bailiffs and
burgesses of Cambridge all lands, and tenements, meadows, feedings,
pastures, &c. belonging to the chapel (except the chapel itself and fourteen
feet on every side and at each end) for ninety-nine years at £12 a yearf
and finding yearly on the feast of the nativity of B. V. Mary, and placing
before the image of B. Mary Magdalen in the said chapel five tapers of
wax of equal weight and all together weighing 3 Ibs.

On 27 Sept. 36 Henry VIII. [1544] Thomas, bishop of Ely, the dean
and chapter of Ely, and Christopher Fulnetby, incumbent of the chapel,
demised to the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses the chapel and all its lands
(except the advowson) for sixty years at £9 per annum.

By a survey made Feb. 37, Hen. VIII. [1545-6] it appears that the
chapel was endowed with 26A. 3E. of land in Cambridge, Chesterton, Ditton,
and Landbeach. The gross value was £10. 18s. 2d., and the clear value
£5. 18s. 2d. per annum.

Queen Elizabeth, 22 Feb., 1596-7, leased the chapel and lands to the
mayor, bailiffs and burgesses for twenty-one years at £9 per annum.

In 4 James I. the chapel was granted by the crown to Joh. Shelbury
and Phil. Chewte, gent.

There were complicated law proceedings, which terminated in 1622,
between Thomas Willys and Richard Willys, esquires, and certain burgesses
of Cambridge as to the right of erecting booths in the chapel yard. The
burgesses appear to have been ultimately successful.

The chapel subsequently passed with the Barnwell priory estate to
George Riste, esq. In 1780 it was sold by his devisee Mrs. Anne Bentham
to John Gillam, esq. from whom it came to Frederick Markby (afterwards
alderman), who on 19 Jan. 1816, sold it for £160 to the eminent architec-
tural antiquary, the rev. Thomas Kerrich, M.A. who presented it to the
university. By the conveyance dated 29 May, 1817, that body entered
into a covenant to keep the fabric in repair.

238 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

The east window is square, plain, probably per-
pendicular ; the windows on either side norman, with
rich jamb-shafts and zigzag arch-mouldings; there
is a wide segmental-headed doorway on the south
side, with a norman hood-mould, but not part of the
original work; it cuts through the string-course
which is good norman, carved with the saw-tooth;
the side walls were raised when a new roof was put
on ; the present roof is perpendicular open timber-
work, good and simple; there has been a vault,
either built or intended, of which the two eastern
vaulting-shafts remain. On the exterior at the east
end are two strings ; the lower one under the window
is worked with the saw-tooth, the upper with the
triple billet. The chancel-arch is rich norman,
with shafts having good scallop caps and moulded
bases; the arch is recessed on the west side only,
which is much richer than the east side, and has
zigzag, lozenge, and a sort of norman ball-flower
ornaments.

The nave has an original window on each side,
but the west window has been destroyed. The roof
is plain perpendicular, similar to the chancel, and
is supported on the original norman corbels, which
have been built lower down for that purpose.

There are good north and south doorways. The
latter has a bold projecting hood-mould.

In 1843, £84. 15s. Id. was laid out in the repair of this chapel. Of this
sum £30 was contributed by the rev. Richard Edward Kerrich, M.A. son of
the donor. The residue was paid from the university chest.

Under a grace of the senate passed 13 Nov. 1844, this chapel was used
as a place of worship by the labourers employed on the construction of the
Eastern Counties railway.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 239

On the exterior walls of the nave are two strings,
similar to those at the east end, the upper one here
serves for a cornice ; there are very good carved
spring-stones to the copings at the east and west
ends.(a)

MIDSUMMER FAIR. — This fair originally granted to
the prior and convent of Barnwell for 3 days (in-
creased to 15 by Richard II.), was formerly held
by the corporation under lease from the prior and
convent of Barnwell, but by the award of 1505-6,
it became the absolute property of the corporation,
subject to a small rent. By an act passed in 1850,
the duration of the fair is limited to three days after
the day of proclamation (22 June). Although now
of little importance, it was very famous about a
century since, figuring as Pot fair in many of the
ballads and satirical effusions of that period.

STURBRIDGE FAIR. — This, formerly the most flou-
rishing mart in the kingdom, is still held annually
on land near Sturbridge chapel. Its history would
occupy a volume. It must suffice here to state, that
although anciently attached to the hospital at Stur-
bridge, it has been for centuries the property of the
corporation, to whom it was regranted by queen
Elizabeth, who also gave the university extensive

(a) See Antiquities of St. Mary's Chapel at Stourbridge, near Cambridge,
&c. by Job. Sell Cotman, Yarmouth, fo. 1819. This work contains the
following engravings: 1. N.W. view, 2. S.W. view, 3. N. doorway, 4.
S. doorway, 5. Interior, 6. Details. These plates are also to be found in
Cotman's Architectural Etchings.

The cap of the chancel arch is engraved in Rickman's Gothic Architec-
ture, the south doorway and window in Notes on the Cambridgeshire
Churches, and a window in Brandon's Analysis.

240 S. ANDREW THE LESS.

privileges which have been abrogated by a recent
local act of parliament. The fair nominally com-
mences 18 Sept. and continues till 10 Oct. but there
is now little business except on 25 Sept. known as
Horse fair day.

MISCELLANEOUS. — There were great fires in Barn-
well in 1717, 30 Sept. 1731, and 16 Dec. 1757.
That of 1731 was so destructive that the church
and six houses only escaped. The number of houses
consumed was fifty.

A timber building near Sturbridge fair was long
used as a theatre. During the performance 27 Sept.
1802, when the house was crowded to excess, a false
alarm of fire was raised by some miscreants who
were never discovered. In the rush to get out,
three girls and a boy were trampled to death and
many persons were much injured. This theatre
was pulled down in 1806, and another having been
erected in that part of Barnwell which is in S.
Benedict's, it was opened 19 Sept. 1808. This was
in its turn superseded by the present theatre in
Newmarket road, S. Andrew the Less, which was
opened 19 Sept. 1814, and is still used during the time
of Sturbridge fair, and occasionally at other periods.

An act of parliament for enclosing the open fields
of this parish received the royal assent 14 Aug.
1807. The award thereunder bears date 20 April,
1811.(a) The effect of this inclosure was marvellous.

a. r. p.

(a) The inclosable lands were . . . 1097 0 1

The old inclosures . . . 37 3 34

Streets, roads, and drains . . 21 2 29

1156 2 24

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 241

From being the most inconsiderable parish in the
town it soon became the most densely populated.

A chapel of ease was erected near the Mill road
about 1828 and pulled down in August, 1838. It
stood on a portion of the land now used as additional
churchyards by the parishes on the southern side of
the Cam.

This cemetery, which was purchased by subscrip-
tion,(a) was consecrated by Dr. Turton, bishop of
Ely, attended by the parochial clergy and the mayor
and council in their formalities, 7 Nov. 1848.

In the centre of the cemetery is a spacious and
stately chapel with a handsome spire. The archi-
tect was Geo. Gilbert Scott, esq. R.A. The rev.

Allotments in lieu of tithes were made to the representative of Thomas
Panton, esq., the rector of S. Botolph, the vicar of S. Andrew the great,
Corpus Christi college, and S. Peter's college. By the act the tithes of
Jesus college called S. Rhadegund's tithes were to remain.

The allotment in lieu of the right of soil was made to Peete Musgrave
as assignee of the corporation.

Parker's piece, Jesus Green, Midsummer common, Butt green, Stur-
bridge fair green, Coldham's common and other lands were excepted from
the act.

(a) The subscription, which originated at a public meeting held at
the Guildhall (the mayor in the chair) 5 Nov. 1844, amounted to
£5000. The principal contributors were: Trin. coll. £400; S. Joh. coll.
£200 ; S. Peter's coll., Caius coll., Corp. Chr. coll., Cath. hall, Jesus coll.,
Hugh Percy, duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the university, and
Tho. Mortlock, esq. M.A., £100 each; John Graham, bishop of Chester,
£70; Chris. Pemberton, esq., and rev. Joh. Brown, M.A., fell., Trin. coll.,
£65 each ; Ralph Tatham, B.D., master of S. Joh. coll., and Will. Whewell,
D.D., master of Trin. coll., £60 each ; Trin. hall, Chr. coll., Emm. coll.,
Geo. Maddison, M.A., vie. of All Saints, Joh. Cooper, M.A., vie. of S.
Andrew the great, Cha. Perry, bishop of Melbourne, Gilb. Ainslie, D.D.
master of Pemb. coll., Benedict Chapman, D.B., master of Caius coll.,
William French, D.D., master of Jes. coll., Edm. Davy Mortlock, B.D.,
fellow of Chr. coll., and rev. Fr. Martin, M.A., fellow of Trin. coll.,
£50 each.

VOL. III. R

242 8. ANDREW THE LESS.

Dr. Whewell, master of Trin. coll. contributed
largely to the erection of the structure.

THE EOMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL in Union road,
dedicated to S. Andrew, was erected from a design
by A. Welby Pugin. The altar was consecrated
27 April, 1853, by Dr. Wareing, bishop of Ariopolis,
after which a sermon was preached by Dr. Wiseman,
bishop of Melipotamus.

The principal dissenting places of worship in this
parish are Eden chapel in Fitzroy street, for parti-
cular baptists, (a) the Wesleyan chapel in the same
street, and Zion chapel in East road for baptists.

The abbey schools in River lane, are in con-
nection with the established church, and were
erected in 1856 from designs of Mr. E. R. Rowe.
They consist of two rooms measuring 40 feet by
20, opening into one with class rooms to each.

The extensive works of the Cambridge Gas com-
pany are in this parish.

Three railways(i) pass through this parish, wherein

(a) The congregation formerly met in Green street, and the following
inscription in Eden chapel commemorates a once well-known minister whose
body was removed from Green Street: " Near this Tablet lie the Remains
of the Rev. John Stittle, who after having faithfully preached the Gospel
more than thirty years, entered into the joy of his Lord July 22nd, 1813, in
the 87th year of his age. ' The memory of the just is blessed,' Prov. x. 7."

(b) These are :

1. The Great Eastern main line from London by Ely and Norwich to
Yarmouth. The portion between Newport and Norwich was opened
29 July, 1845.

2. The Great Eastern branch from Cambridge to Newmarket, Bury,
and Haughley where it communicates with the line from London by
Ipswich to Norwich.

3. The line from Cambridge by Potton and Sandy to Bedford, where
it communicates with the London and North "Western lines to Bletchley
and Oxford.

S. ANDREW THE LESS. 243

is situated the Cambridge railway station, an ex-
tensive structure which has been recently much
improved.

Two other railways diverge from the Great Eastern main line at short
distances from Cambridge, viz. :

A branch from Chesterton to S. Ives (opened 17 Aug., 1847), where
it communicates first with a line to Huntingdon, and secondly with one
by Somersham, Chatteris, and March to Wisbech.

A branch from Shelford to Shepreth, where it communicates with the
Great Northern line to Royston and Hitchin.

S. BENEDICT 8.

S. BENEDICT.

THIS parish is much scattered. One portion ad-
joins the church, another comprises part of Mill
lane, a small part of the western side of Trumpingtori
street, a considerable part of the eastern side of
that street, the northern side of Lensfield road, the
western side of Regent street, and part of Tennis
court road and Downing street, whilst a third por-
tion is in Barnwell.

Edward of Cambridge and his mother gave this
church to S. Alban's abbey, between 1077 and 1193.
In 1279 the patronage was returned as in sir Giles
de Argentyn, knight by hereditary right. About

2 STASIS. 31 OP 25. ®ff 37

;

1319

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-ken before the
The Parishe of
:• hath allowai;
they know of, but at
; the Pa
as lay br

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i' BarnweH, and
|«i

246 S. BENEDICT.

1000.(0) The long and short masonry is clear and de-
cided. It has a baluster double belfry(6) window, and
the semicircular arch from the tower to the church is
curious from its varied ornament and very rude carving.

(a) See his Observations in Archceologia, xxvi. 39. Since those observa-
tions were written the plaister and rough cast which obscured the masonry
have been removed.

(b) The university had been accustomed to ring the bell of this church
to convene clerks to extraordinary lectures. Alan, the rector, however,
denied them this privilege, and much strife ensued between him and the
chancellor and university on this account. At length, by the intervention
of Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, a composition was effected, the rector
consenting for ever to permit the bell to be rung in a civil and honest way,
as it had theretofore been accustomed to be done, so as the clerk of the
church were satisfied for such ringing in the usual manner. This com-
position was sealed by the bishop at Shelford, on Wednesday next after the
Sunday on which letare Jerusalem is sung, 1273.

The bells of this church, which the university used " to ring to acts
and congregations," being " much out of frame and almost become uselesse,"
the heads and presidents of the university in 1650 contributed 30s. towards
the repair, first taking an acknowledgement under the hands of the church-
wardens that they thankfully received it " as a free gift of the University."

Fabian Stedman, clerk of this parish about 1650, invented the art of
change ringing. Stedman's Principle, Stedman's Slow Course, Stedman's
Triples, and Stedman's Caters are well known, as is also the Cambridge Sur-
prise. His Campanologia or the Art of Ringing improved, was printed
12mo. 1677.

Three of the bell inscriptions are curious :
On the first bell :

Of all the bells in Bennet I am the best
And yet for my casting the parish paid lest. 1610.
On the fifth bell:

Non nomen ficti, sed Nomen BenedictL
On the sixth bell :

This Bell was broke and cast againe

By John Draper in 1618,

as plainly doth appeare;

Church Wardens were

Edward Dixon

for one,

who stode close to his Tacklyn,

and he that was his Partner then

was Alexander Jacklyn.

S. BENEDICT. 247

The residue of the church is partly early english
and partly decorated.

The north aisle was rebuilt and enlarged in 1853
from the plans of Messrs, Ritchie and Brandon, who
added a spacious porch. The design and execution
of the work are alike excellent, and the handsome
timber roof of the aisle is particularly worthy of
commendation.

In this church were gilds of Corpus Christi, S.
Augustine, and S. Catharine. Mention is also made
of Scala Coeli,(a) and the image of S. Catharine.

This church was ordinarily used for divine ser-
vice by the society of Corpus Christi college pre-
viously to the erection of their chapel in or soon
after 1579. In 1519-20 pope Leo X. empowered
the master and fellows to grant extensive indul-
gences to such as should attend the public procession
of the college on Corpus Christi day, or should
be of the congregation at mass in this church on
that day or its vigil.

The vestry at the western end was formerly used
as the court of the archdeacon of Ely.

William Dowsing makes the following notes re-
lating to " Benet Temple," under date 28 Dec. 1643 :

There was ij superstitious Pictures, 14 Cherubinis and 2
Superstitious Ingraveings one was to pray for the soul of
John Canterbury & his Wife. Mr. Russell Church Warden
he lent £100 to the Parliament and sent to them a Horse
& maintained him at his Charg & lent Col. Cromwell 100
pound to pay his Souldiers, & an Inscription of a Mayd praying

(«) A place to which was conceded the like advantage as a visit to the
Scala Sancta or Scala Cceli at Rome.

248 S. BENEDICT.

to the Sonne & the Virgin Mary, thus in Latin " Me tibi
Virgo Pia Gentier comendo Maria ;" " A Mayd was born from
me which I comend to the oh Mary" [1432]. Richard Billing-
ford did comend this his Daughter's Soule.

In the north aisle is a brass, which, although the
inscription be gone, has been, through Dowsing's
absurd description of it, identified as the monument
of Richard Billingford, D.D. chancellor of the uni-
versity and master of Corpus Christi college, who
died 1432. It is supposed that the inscription which
Dowsing so grossly misunderstood was "Me tibi
Virgo pia Grenetrix commendo Maria."

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.

*Ja. Cranidge, cit. & joiner of London, and master of the
worthy noble science of defence, 5 Jan. 1617-18.

*Joh. Pierse, stud, of Cath. hall (son of Joh. Pierse, esq.
of Bedal. Yorksh.) 11 cal. Feb. 1652-3, set, 20.

Tho. Chaplyn, M.A. of Cath. hall, rect. of Wareham, Dorset.
31 Aug. 1667, set. 46.

Tho. Kussell, bapt. 10 Dec. 1587, bur. 22 June, 1673.

*Hen. Gostlin, B.D. fell. C. C. coll. 9 Jan. 1674-5, set. 28.

*Sandys Peyton, gent, (son of Hen. Peyton, esq. of the
family of Isleham) 8 June, 1682, aet. 47 ; Margaret his wife,
17 Jan. 1687-8.

*Hen. Tilbe, stud, of C. C. coU. (son of Hen. Tilbe of Kent)
14 kal. Aug. 1702, aet. 16.

Tho. Fox [aid.] ... Jul. 1710.

*Will. Bacon, 1728, aet. 55 ; Margaret his wife, 1736 ; Joh.
their son, 1728, aet. 24; Fearnehead their dau. wife of Edw.
Searle, 1733, aet. 25; Nathaniel Bacon, M.A. their son, 1738,
aet. 33.

Kic. Dunthorne [an eminent astronomer] 3 Mar. 1775, ag. 64 ;
Elizab. his wife, 8 Jan. 1789, ag. 74.

* Those thus marked have been removed or are not now visible.

S. BENEDICT. 249

Job. Randall, MUS.D. prof, of music, 18 Mar. 1799, ag. 83 ;
Grace his wife, 27 Apr. 1792, ag. 60 ; Anne his dau.-in-law,
wife of Edw. Randall (formerly Anne Mayor), 8 Mar. 1797,
ag. 29.

Cha. Skinner Matthews, M.A. (3rd son of Joh. Matthews,
esq. of Belmont co. Heref. and Elizab. his wife) sch. of Trin.
coll. and the first elected fell, of Down, coll., drowned whilst
bathing in the Cam, 5 Aug. 1811, ag. 26.

Pearse White, town clerk, 3 Jul. 1819, set. 45 ; his nephew

of same name ; Fred. White, M.A. d. at Madras,

30 Sept, 1816, ag. 30 ; Cha. White, d. at Milledgville in Georgia,
12 Sept. 1812, get. 29.

Dame Elizabetha Maria Harwood, only dau. of rev. sir Joh.
Pershall, bart. of Hales Owen, Salop, and the city of Oxford,
and relict of sir Buswick Harwood, knt. M.D., F.R.S. & S.A.,
prof, of anat. and Down. prof. med. 10 June, 1836, ag. 73.

Will. Woodcock Hay ward, solicitor, 7 Feb. 1838, at. 40.

Edw. Randall, solicitor [author of legal and political tracts],
youngest son of Dr. Randall, prof. mus. 22 Dec. 1840, ag. 75 ;
Mary his second wife (formerly Minoch), 14 Nov. 1827, ag. 63.

Susannah, wife of rev. Geo. Coulcher, M.A. incumbent, b.
22 Jul. 1804, d. 13 Mar. 1842.

Jos. Jonath. Deighton [aid.] 31 Aug. 1848, ag. 56.

In the old churchyard.

Joh. Mere, esquire bedel, who gave in 1558 two dwelling-
houses in this parish to the university, and a remembrance to
the vice-chancellor and all the officers of the university present
upon the day of his commemoration in this church.

Tho. Grumbold, free-mason, bur. 15 Aug. 1657.

*Isaac Tillot, sch. of C. C. coll. 13 Dec. 1669.

Francis Woodward, carver, an excellent artist, 1 Mar.
1710-11, 33t. 57.

Sam. Newton, 27 Sept. 1718, ast. 64 ; Elizab. his wife, 21
Aug. 1723, aet. 56; Elizab. his dau. wife of Ben. Watson,
2 Feb. 1721-2, set. 36; Ben. Watson, 6 Mar. 1717, set. 47.

*Nath. Bacon, twice churchwarden of Great S. Mary's, 1722.

*Cobb Audley, stud, of C. C. coll. b. 7 June, 1705, bur.
26 Jul. 1723.

250 S. BENEDICT.

Sarah, dao. of Sam. Newton, gent. 9 Feb. 1724-5, set 30.

Elizab. wife of Geo. Grumbold, 13 JuL 1737, at. 57 ; Will.
Job. and Tbo. their sons.

"Against this stone
Move not a bone."

Rebecca, wid. of rev. Joseph Berry of Watton, Norf., 10
April, 1762, set 72.

Joshua Wilkinson, B.D. fell, and tutor of C. C. colL 7 June,
1814, aet. 43.

Mary wife of Rob. White, town-clerk, 22 Sept. 1815, ag. 66.

Rev. Job. Bollen, 1 Oct. 1822, ag. 67.

Gilbert Ives, 10 Jane, 1825, ag. 78 ; Ann his wife, 24 Feb.
1808, ag. 60.

Job. Newby, chapel-clerk of Trin. coll. 10 Oct. 1828, ag. 68 ;
Elizab. his wife, 5 Aug. 1787, ag. 23.

WilL Wentworth, surgeon, 26 Oct. 1832, ag. 38.

Rev. Rob. Lascelles, 31 JuL 1839, ag. 60.

Eliza wife of Zach. Scrope Shrapnel, B.A. S. Pet. colL 6 Dec.
1845, ag. 30 ; Laura Cath. Shrapnel, 10 Sept. 1842, ag. 3 weeks.

In the new churchyard.

Eliza Ann Waring, 30 Nov. 1849, ag. 45.

Sarah Metcalfe, relict of Henry Metcalfe, esq. of Hawstead
house, Suff. 8 Jan. 1850, ag. 50.

Edw. Cranwell, 22 years sub-librarian of Trin. colL 24 Aug.
1850, ag. 56 ; and two daughters.

Ernest Fred. Fiske [M.A.] 4 Nov. 1850, ag. 35.

Martha, wid. of rev. Wpll] Bond, M.A. rect. of Wheatacre,
Norf. 5 Mar. 1851, ag. 91 ; Sophia Anne, 4 dau. of Henry J. H.
Bond, M.D. 21 Mar. 1855, ag. 14; Frances dau. of rev. WilL
and Martha Bond, 20 May, 1857, ag. 57.

Elizab. wife of rev. Job. Hind, M.A. late fell, and tut. Sid.
Suss. colL, 19 Aug. 1851, ag. 57.

Rob. Evans, rect. of Goveney and many years vie. of Everton,
Notts. 12 Jan. 1852, ag. 81.

Job. Hen. Haslop, med. stud., b. 8 May, 1833, d. 9 Mar. 1856.

Jos. Stanley, 5 May, 1856, ag. 87.

Matt. Gent, sometime curate, 16 Dec. 1857, ag. 30.

Rob. Temple, late of Madeira, 18 Jan. 1859, ag. 46.

S. BENEDICT. 251

Cath. Montagu Fisher, wife of WilL Webster Fisher, MJ>.
Down. prof, med., and sister of Hen. Annesley Woodham, UL.D.
sometime fell. Jes. colL, b. at Newbury, Beits, 30 Nov. 1829,
d. at Cambridge, 6 April, 1860.

Cha. Asby, aid. 17 JuL I860, ag. 70.

Kic. Bankes Harraden, [artist and author of Cantabrigia
Depicta] 17 Nov. 1862, Sophia his wife, 27 Jan. 1861.

Amongst the distinguished persons who have been
ministers of this parish may be enumerated : Richard
Sterne, archbishop of York ; Thomas Fuller, D.D. the
church historian ; John Spencer, D.D. dean of Ely ;
Thomas Greene, bishop of Ely; Robert Moss, D.D.
dean of Ely; Elias Sydall, bishop of Gloucester;
Robert Masters, B.D. the historian of Corpus Christi
college ; and John Lamb, D.D. dean of Bristol.

The following is a succinct account of bene-
factions to the church and poor: Job. Raysoun,
rector, in 1382 bequeathed service books and vest-
ments, and a house("} for the residence of his suc-
cessors; Tho. Scot, baker, in 1563 twenty shillings
a year for a sermon and to the poor; Mr. Smith
1629 a cup of silver gilt with a cover; Tho. Hobson,
the renowned carrier, a folio Bible, (i) and 6$. Sd.
yearly to the minister for a sermon the Sunday
before Michaelmas, with Is. to the clerk; Job. Priest
1658 a silver flaggon; Dame Dorothy Clarke, widow
of sir Symon Clarke, in 1669 £3 a year for a sermon
and to the poor ; Tobias Smith, tobacco pipe maker,
£5 to buy two pieces of plate, 1670; Tho. Russell,
woollendraper, £5 to be lent to a poor tradesman;

(a) Taken into Corpus Christi college on the appropriation.

(b) Printed in black letter by Rob. Barker, 1617, and still preserred in

the vestry.

252 S. BENEDICT.

Eic. Sheldrake, fell, of C. C. coll., 1684, a handsome
velvet cushion for the pulpit ; Will. Bacon, of the
Mitre tavern, vintnor, 1725 a brass sconce; Gilb.
Ives, who died 1825, gave in his lifetime and by will
land and £230 for various purposes, also £800 for
erecting and endowing four almshouses, but the
latter sum has been lost, the bequest being contrary
to the mortmain act.

One of the maidens in Mrs. Knight's almshouses
must be of this parish and in certain events the
poor of this parish are entitled to election to Dr.
Perse's almshouses. (a)

In this parish are comprised Addenbrooke's hos-
pital, Downing college, and parts of Corpus Christi,
King's, and S. Catharine's colleges.

The hermitage of S. Anne,(i) the hostel of S.

(a) Vide ante, p. 173.

(6) This hermitage, situate in Trumpington street, was founded by
Henry de Tangmer, burgess, who died about 1361. He gave it to Corpus
Christi college, but the corporation afterwards possessed themselves of it
by violence.

In 1399 the bishop of Ely granted an indulgence to all who would assist
in supporting this chapel and in relieving sir Job. Bernewell the chaplain
and hermit.

In 1458 Walter Smyth, B.D., rector of S. Benedict's, was licenced by
the bishop of Ely to perform divine service in this chapel, either in person
or by proper chaplains, which licence was renewed to many of the suc-
ceeding rectors.

On 16 August, 1546, the mayor brought into the hall 2 albs with the
appurtenances, a chalice, a mass book, and a bell belonging to this Her-
mitage, which were delivered to the treasurers for safe custody. The chalice
was afterwards sold for 40s., and an order was made that the chapel and
house should be viewed by the supervisors of the town, and sold to the
highest bidder by piecemeal if any would buy it so and if not in gross. In
1549 the chapel was sold to Rob. Chapman and Chris. Francke for £11.
It would seem that this bargain extended only to the materials, for the site
(known as the Armitage) was leased by the corporation to William Wulfe,
1579-80; Joh. Tidswell, 1596-7; Giles Robson, 1633; Ric. Dickenson,

S. BENEDICT. 253

Augustine, (0) and the hospital of SS. Anthony and
Eligius were in this parish. The latter edifice was
taken down in 1852.(fi)

A house in this parish which went by the name
of the White Horse is famous in history as having
been the place in which those students and graduates
of the university, who in the earlier part of the
reign of Henry VIII. favoured the reformed doc-
trines were accustomed to meet. They were deri-
sively termed germans, and the White Horse became
known as Germany. (c)

1657; rev. Joh. Blithe and Elizab. his wife, 1699; Sam. Pect, aid., 1730;
Will. Musgrave and Maria his wife, and Tho. Bartlet and Dorothy his
wife, 1759; and Joseph Finch, ironmonger, 1789. It was sold to the latter
8 May, 1790.

The dimensions were towards Trumpington Street 144 feet, towards the
east 146 feet, on the north 73 feet, and on the south 63 feet. It was
occupied by one large house and seven cottages fronting the street, and in
the rear were several outbuildings (including a large barn) placed around
a yard once used as a tan yard. On part of the site was subsequently
erected the dwelling house of the late John Haviland, M.D.

(a) It stood between S. Augustine's lane and Plotes lane, on or near the
site of the new buildings of King's college. It probably succeeded that
hostel of S. Augustine situate in Milne street in the parish of S. John the
Baptist, which was granted by the master and fellows of Clare hall to
Hen. VI. for the site of King's college (vide Vol. I., p. 195).

Thomas Stackhouse, D.D., master of Michaelhouse, 1520, who died in
or about 1533, was sometime principal of S. Augustine's hostel.

(b) Vide ante, p. 167—169.

(c) The White Horse evidently formed part of the estates of John
Canterbury, clerk of the works at King's college, which were granted to
Catharine hall by Cath. Miles, widow (in compliance with the will of her
husband Will. Miles, gent.), 4 April, 24 Hen. VII. [1509].— S. Cath. Coll.
Documents, 64.

The master and fellows of Catharine hall on 1 Jan., 4 Edw. VI. [1550-1],
granted a lease of the White Horse to [Joh.] Emmanuel Tremellius, the
celebrated hebrew teacher, for 30 years at £3. 14s. 8d. per annum. On
26 May, 2 & 3 Phil. & Mar. [1556], it was sold by the college with other
adjoining property to Joh. Mere, M.A., esquire bedel.

The White Horse appears from the grant of Cath. Miles and the con-

254 S. BENEDICT.

The Bull hotel, erected in or about 1831, oc-
cupies the site of an inn previously known as the
Black Bull, and which was in existence as early as
4 Edw. IV.(4) The Eagle hotel, formerly called the
Eagle and Child, is also of considerable antiquity.

veyance to Mere, to hare occupied the site of the house, now belonging to
King's college, which adjoins the Bull hotel on the north. — Camb. Port-
folio, 361, 532.

(a) At that time it belonged to Michaelhouse. It was given to Catha-
rine hall by John Gostlin, M.D., master of Caius college and Regius pro-
fessor of physic, who died 1626 (vide Vol. I., p. 337).

S. BOTOLPH.

THIS church was appropriated to the prior and
convent of Barnwell by Eustace, bishop of Ely
(1197-1215), with the reservation of a stipend to
a vicar.

On an exchange between Gonville hall and Corpus
Christi college in 1353 the former agreed to procure
for the latter the patronage of this Church, from
Mary, countess of Pembroke, who had contracted
to purchase it for her college. In the same year
the prior and convent of Barnwell were empowered
by the bishop of Ely to transfer all their right in
this church to Corpus Christi college, upon condition
that they paid four marks annually for the same.

In 1432 there was a dispute as to the augmen-
tation of the vicarage. Geoffrey Couper, the vicar,
was summoned before the chancellor of the university
to answer the complaint of the master and fellows
of the college, and not appearing was pronounced
excommunicate and perjured. From this sentence
he appealed to the archbishop's court.

In August 1439 there was a dispute between the
prior and convent of Barnwell and Corpus Christi
college as to the patronage of this church which
was adjudged to belong to the college.

In the same year and during the incumbency
of Andrew Doket the church was re-established as
a rectory.

256 S. BOTOLPH.

In 1446 a dispute which had arisen on the sub-
ject of the payment of the 4 marks per annum to
Barn well priory was referred to the arbitrament of
John Fray, chief baron of the exchequer, and others
who determined that the payment should be con-
tinued, but that the convent should deliver up all
their evidences and assist the college as much as
possible in getting the church appropriated. How-
ever in 1459 the college bought off this pension for
100 marks, and in the following year sold the ad-
vowson, with a tenement and garden, to Queens'
college, for 80 marks, reserving to themselves the
liberty of making use of the church for divine service
as often as they should have occasion and were
obliged by statute.

The prior and convent of Barn well in 1470 un-
successfully contested the right of Queens' college
to present to this church.

In 1291 the vicarage was taxed at £2. 135. 4d. and
a pension of the prior of Barn well at the same sum.
In 1534 the rectory was taxed at £2. 14s. 4Je?.

The rectory has been augmented as follows: in 1737
the governors of queen Anne's bounty gave £200 ;
in 1748 Queens' college £200 ; in 1749 the governors
of queen Anne's bounty £200; in 1784 the trus-
tees of David Hughes, B.D. £200; in 1785 the
governors of queen Anne's bounty £200 ; in 1814
the same governors from the parliamentary grant
£200.w

(a) The following are extracts from the inquisition taken 23 Oct., 1650,
before commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching ministers :

"The Parish of St. Bottolphe hath neither Parsonage nor Viccaridge
belonging to theire Church that they know of.

S. BOTOLPH. 257

On the inclosure of Barnwell an allotment was
made to the rector of this parish in lieu of tithes.

There was a lecture here in 1620, but it was pro-
bably of short continuance, (a) for in or about 1691
Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, established an after-
noon Sunday lecture and allowed £30 a year to the
lecturer. This appears to have terminated with that
prelate's life.

The church which is throughout in the perpen-
dicular style is spacious and picturesque.

The tower(6) has a large western window inserted
about 1841 when the church underwent a restoration.

"That Queene's Colledge receaves twentye shillings per Annum for a
howse called the Parsonage House. And Three pounds fifteene shillings
and eight pence per Annum for Tythe Corne and have usually provided
them a Minister till of late yeares. But at the present they are unprovided
both of a Minister and maintenance."

The commissioners recommended that the parish of S. Mary the less
and a part of the parish of S. Benedict should be united to this parish.

(a) The lectures at Great S. Andrew's and Trinity churches having been
suppressed, John Preston, fellow of Queen's college (afterwards master of
Emmanuel), announced his intention of preaching at S. Botolph's on a
Sunday afternoon, at three o'clock, after Great S. Mary's sermon. Dr.
Newcombe, commissary to the bishop of Ely, came however to S. Botolph's
and commanded that there should be evening prayer only, and no sermon ;
but after his departure Mr. Preston, encouraged by the minister, the earl
of Lincoln, and others in the church, preached his sermon, and on account
of the delay occasioned by the commissary's interference the common
prayer was omitted to enable the scholars to attend prayers in their college
chapels. On the following day the commissary complained to the king at
Newmarket, and a letter being sent to Dr. Scot the vice-chancellor and the
heads of colleges, Mr. Preston was cited before them for his disobedience,
and, after some correspondence with the bishop of Ely, was ordered to
declare his opinions respecting forms of prayer in this church on a given
Sunday, which he did in a manner that neither displeased his own party
nor gave his enemies any great advantage.

(6) The four bells are inscribed with the names of SS. John, Andrew,
Margaret, and Mary Magdalen; "Ora pro nobis," being on three of
them.

VOL. III. S

258 S. BOTOLPH.

The nave has four lofty drop arches with octa-
gonal piers on either side. There is no clerestory.

Annexed to the south porch is a small chapel now
used as a vestry.

The chancel, which is apteral, is separated from
the nave by a very good rood screen.

The font is in the Jacobean style with a canopy
of corresponding character.

The roofs of the nave and chancel have been
plaistered over. Those of the aisles and the south
chapel are very good specimens of timber work.

The altar piece representing the Crucifixion was
presented in 1819 by John Smith, university printer,
who brought it from Antwerp.

MONUMENTAL INSCEIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.

Tho. Plaifere, D.D. of S. Job. coll. Marg. prof, of divinity,
4 non. Feb. 1609 [1608-9], get. 47, (with painted bust.) Erected
by Alice his widow.

*Joh. Campe, 23 May, 1632.

Job. Hayes, univ. printer, 28 Nov. 1705, ag. 71 ; Elizab. his
wife, 13 Sept. 1705, ag. 76.

Job. Brewer, bricklayer, 21 Nov. 1706, aet. 56 ; Eliza wife
of Will. Pitches, 18 Jun. 1741, ag. 72.

Tho. Cooper, native of Salisbury, stud. Qu. coll. 13 Feb.
1740-1, ag. 21.

Joshua Aungier Oct. 1760.

Tho. Walker, LL.D. advocate in Doctor's commons and some-
time fell. Qu. coll. b. 9 Sept. 1702, d. 16 Sept. 1764; Elizab.
his wid. 24 Apr. 1780, ag. 62.

Mary wife of Tho. Hyde, merchant, 24 Feb. 1770, aet. 26.

Tho. Bennet [LL.B. esquire bedel] 18 Mar. 1770, ag. 70;
Cath. his wife, 1 Mar. 1729-30, aet. 35; and four of their
children.

The inscriptions marked * have been destroyed or are now invisible.

S. BOTOLPH. 259

Joseph Thorpe, B.D. pres. Cath. hall, 5 Mar. 1775, ag. 55.

Mary wife of Tho. Preston, vie. of Scawby, d. at Scar-
borough, 15 Jul. 1776, set. 31, bur. in chancel of Scawby;
Susanna wife of rev. A[nt.J F[ountayne] Eyre, residentiary of
York, d. at Barnborough, 2 Nov. 1776, set. 28, bur. in chancel of
Doncaster. Erected to memory of their children by Kenrick
Prescot, D.D. master of Cath. hall and Mary his wife.

Ric. Hayles, surgeon, 16 Apr. 1781, ag. 67 ; Martha his wife,
25 Nov. 1799, ag. 78; and four infant children.

Ja. Essex, F.S.A. eminent for his skill in architecture and
antiquities, 14 Sept. 1784, ag. 63 ; Ja. only son of Ja. and Elizab.
Essex, 3 May, 1757, ag. 2 yrs. 10 mo. ; Meliscent only dau. of
Ja. and Elizab. Essex, and wife of rev. Joh. Hammond, M.A.
22 Jan. 1787, ag. 30.

Tho. Peacock of Cath. hall (son of rev. Will. Peacock, rect.
of Danby Wiske, Yorksh. and Elizab. his wife) 23 May, 1786,
ag. 21.

Elizab. Eyre, dau. of rev. Ant. Fountayne Eyre and Susanna

his wife 1786; Mary wife of Kenrick Prescot, D.D.

mast, of Cath. hall, 5 Oct. 1788, ag. 62.

Joh. Houghton, esq. of Baguley, Chesh. 26 Nov. 1788, ag. 22.

Will. Lillie, stud. Qu. coll. (son of Joh. Lillie of Sleaford,
Line, and Judith his wife, dau. of Cha. Beauvoir, esq. of Guernsey)
28 Nov. 1788, set. 22. Erected by his grandmother Elizab.
Beauvoir.

Patr. Beales, 20 Oct. 1792, ag. 42; Mary Curtis, 6 Mar.
1806, ag. 58 ; Sam. Pickering Beales, 4 May, 1836, ag. 71 ;
Martha his wife, 11 Mar. 1834, ag. 65.

Frances Wollaston, 3rd dau. of Ric. and Martha Hayles, and
wife of rev. F. J. H. Wollaston, Jacksonian prof. b. 18 Oct. 1760,
d. 8 Oct. 1804 ; and two of their infant children.

Hannah Middleton (only dau. of Pet. Middleton, esq. of
Whitby and Sarah his wife, and niece of Joh. Lodge Hubbersty
of Line, inn, barrister-at-law, and sen. fell. Qu. coll.) b. 1 Sept.
1790, d. 30 May, 1812.

Herb. Raban, fell. com. Qu. coll. 7 June, 1818, ag. 32.

Edw. Tonison, statuary and mason, 4 Jul. 1829, ag. 56 ;
Lewis Tomson his brother, 26 Mar. 1832, ag. 49 ; Tho. Tomson
their brother, 12 Feb. 1849, ag. 74.

260 S. BOTOLPH.

In the old churchyard.

Will. Archer, aid. sometime mayor, 23 Sept. 1616, aet. 71.

Judith Clay, 30 Oct. 1664.

"This Stone doth Speake to tell thee that this Dust
Once living Clay, Quickened with earth & trust
Death And the Grave did Modestly invite
As Friends to be her Convoy into Light."

Nic. Goldsbrough, bur. 13 May, 1666; Mary his wife, bur.
19 May, 1685 ; Rob. their son, bur. 30 Sept. 1701 ; and two of
his children.

Rob. Grumbold, 7 Dec. 1720, ag. 82 ; Bridget his wife,
28 Oct. 1721, ag. 85.

*Will. Scarfe, aid. sometime mayor, 25 Apr. 1724, set. 53.

Barbara Pepys, last surviving child of Rog. Pepys, esq. of
Impington and sister of Cha. Pepys, esq. 17...

Joh. Burges [univ. printer] 16 Apr. 1802, ag. 54 ; Susannah
his wife, dau. of Will, and Ann Raster, 23 Apr. 1795,
art. 50.

Owen Stone, schoolmaster, 30 May, 1815, ag. 64 ; Cath. his
wife, 14 Apr. 1814, ag. 68 ; Mary their dau

Hen. Hodges, esq. M.A. Emm. coll. 14 Jun. 1820, ag. 53.

Will. Weeks Morris Bennett, stud. C. C. coll. 20 Apr. 1830,
ag. 25.

Will. Key, many years steward to Ric. vise. Fitzwilliam
and curator of the Fitzwilliam museum, 18 Sept. 1834,
ag. 82.

Joh. Smith, 26 years printer to the university, b. in this
parish, 12 Sept. 1777, d. at Thetford, Norfolk, 16 Aug. 1840.

Fred. Thackeray, M.D. Emm. coll, 18 Jun. 1852, ag. 78.

In the new churchyard.

Kath. Frances Beales, b. 25 Sept. 1812, d. 2 May, 1857.
Will. Hampton Gabbett of Trin. hall, b. 27 Jan. 1846, d. 30
Dec. 1862.

In 1506 mention is made of the rood light and
Trinity light.

S. BOTOLPH. 261

William Dowsing thus records his exploits here
under the date of Jan. 1643-4:

We digged up the Stepes & brake down 12 Popish Inscrip-
tions.

Amongst the eminent rectors and curates of this

church have been : Andrew Doket, first president of
Queens' college; Beilby Porteus, bishop of London;
Isaac Milner, D.D. dean of Carlisle; and Samuel
Vince, Plumian professor.

Thomas de Cambridge, a friar minor, before his
entrance into religion gave land to find a chap-
lain continually to celebrate in this church. (a) In
15 Ric. II. Robert Newport and others had licence
to give 4 A. 3 K. OP. of land and 6 A. of meadow for
a chaplain in this church. Richard Andrewe, alias
Spicer, burgess, gave in 1459 money and lands to
Queens' college for the maintenance of a bible clerk
there and the observance of an annual obiit in this
church ; Thomas Johnson, citizen and haberdasher
of London, in 1563 gave, for wood and coals to the
poor, 405. per annum; Joh. Lanham in 1657 gave
a small estate at Toft; Adam Newling, alderman,
gave in 1696 205. per annum; John Brewer, brick-
layer, in 1706 gave £50 to buy land for the poor.

Queens' college, the Pitt Press, and portions of
Pembroke, Corpus Christi, and S. Catharine's colleges

(a) From an indenture, dated 1330, in the Grey friars' convent at Bab-
well without Bury S. Edmund's, between Tho. de Cambridge and Tho. de
Abyton, vicar of this church, it appears that the former gave lands and
tenements to his nephew Joh. Breton for the purpose of finding a chaplain,
but that he was unfaithful to his trust. The purport of the deed is that
the donor, at the instance of his sister dame Joan de Creke, was willing
to release Breton from his obligation on paying 40s. a year for 20 years
for the said charitable purposes.

262 S. BOTOLPH.

are in this parish, wherein were situate the hostels
of S. Bernard/'1^ S. BotolpV6' and S. Cross/" and
the hermitage at the small bridges. (d]

The Cardinal's Cap, an inn of some repute, stood
on a portion of the ground now occupied by the

(a) S. Bernard's hostel, which was in 1456 the property of Queen's
college, was in 1535 sold by that society to Corpus Christi college in which
it is now included. It abutted towards Trumpington street on the west.

(6) S. Botolph's hostel, situate between the church and Pembroke
college fronting Pennyfarthing lane (now known as S. Botolph's lane), was
in Fuller's time occupied by Wenham a cook. Some collegiate character
was then retained in the building.

A hostel of the same name is mentioned 19 Hie. II. as belonging to the
S. John's hospital, and being south of a curtilage belonging to the nunnery
of Stratford atte Bowe, which abutted upon Scole lane towards the east.
It is probable that this hostel was soon afterwards absorbed into Clare
hall or Trinity hall, and that thereupon the scholars of the hostel migrated
to the house in S. Botolph's which obtained the same name as that which
they had left.

(d) Joh. Fordham, bishop of Ely, in 1 396 granted an indulgence to all
who should contribute to the repair of the small bridges, also a licence for
service in the chapel there.

Hen. IV. on 31 Oct., 1399, granted certain customs for two years to
Joh. Jay, the hermit, for repair of the bridge and causeway between
Cambridge and Barton. The grant was renewed for two years longer
in 1401, and in 1406 another grant for two years was made to Thomas
Kendall the then hermit.

On Michaelmas day, 1428, the corporation granted that the willows
growing on the causeway between and near the small bridges, and in and
near the garden of the hermitage there, should be for the use of the hermit
for the repair of the causeway, his hermitage, and the slippery and ruinous
way over the bridge and causeway.

Richard Dekyn, who in 1494 held of the corporation a garden
enclosed near the hermitage at the rent of two shillings, was probably
a hermit.

The site of the hermitage was leased by the corporation to Oliver Grene,
20 Sept., 31 Eliz. [1589], It was in 1790 leased for a long term to Patrick
Beales, from whom it came to his brother S. P. Beales, esq., who erected
thereon a substantial mansion and mercantile premises now occupied by
his son Patrick Beales, alderman, who purchased the reversion from the cor-
poration in 1839.

S. BOTOLPH. 263

Pitt Press. It was discontinued as an inn about
the beginning of the present century.

The Small Bridge, (a) consisting of a single iron
arch, was built by the corporation in 1841 in the
place of a wooden structure which had been re-
peatedly reconstructed. At the same time the ap-
proaches were widened and much improved.(6)

A considerable part of the hamlet and manor of
Newnham is within this parish. (c)

(a) The term Smallbridges is still prevalent. This may be explained
by the circumstance that the Cam was formerly at this point divided into
two branches and there was a bridge over each (vide Vol. I., p. 290).

The street known for centuries as Smallbridge street has long had the
inexpressive appellation of Silver street.

(b) The cost of the bridge and of the improvement of the approaches
was £1956. 15s., towards which the conservators of the Cam contributed
£300 ; Trinity hall, £50 ; the duke of Northumberland, chancellor of the
university, £50; and colleges and individuals various sums which made the
•whole subscription £739. 15s.

S. CLEMENT.

THE nuns of S. Rhadegund obtained this church
about 1222 by the donation of Hugh son of
Absolom.(a) It was appropriated at an early period,
a vicarage being endowed, and passed on the sup-
pression of the nunnery to the master and fellows
of Jesus college.

In 1254 this church with the vicarage was valued
at 7 marks. In 1534 the vicarage was rated at
£4. 55. Sd.j and the chantry at £7. 11s. 8d.

The benefice has been thus augmented: James
Yorke, bishop of Ely, £200 in 1800 ; the governors
of queen Anne's bounty £200 in 1801 ; Jesus college
£200 in 1810 ; the governors of queen Anne's bounty
£300 in the same year, and in 1815 £800 from the
parliamentary grant. (6)

Dr. Laurence Chaderton, the first master of Em-
manuel college, was for many years lecturer here
"with great profit to his auditors." About 1691
Symon Patrick, bishop of Ely, established a Sunday
afternoon lectureship in this church, allowing £30
a year to the lecturer. The office was held by

(a) Vide Vol. i., 357.

(J) The inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before the commissioners for
providing maintenance for preaching ministers, contains this passage :

" The Parishe of S. Clements hath neither minister nor any thing for the
maintenance of a minister."

The commissioners recommended that S. Sepulchres should be united
to this parish.

S. CLEMENT. 265

William Whiston, Lucasian professor, till Oct. 1709,
when lie resigned in consequence of exceptions to
his doctrine, for which in the following year he
was banished the university and deprived of his
professorship.

The nave of the church has five pier arches on
either side. The four western are early english
(but distorted by settlements so as to appear four-
centred) and the eastern decorated.

The perpendicular clerestory is manifestly an ad-
dition to the original structure.

The side aisle walls are late perpendicular, and
the aisles have been widened. This is shewn by the
north-east window which is early english, altered to
perpendicular and out of the centre of the present
aisle. (fl)

There is a rich early english door on the south
side which must have been removed from its original
position. This door was restored in 1842.

The chancel arch which is plain may be early
english.

The chancel which is of brick was erected in or
about 1726. It is separated from the body of the
church by a screen of the Corinthian order, sur-
mounted by a circular pediment, and the altar is
surrounded by Corinthian pilasters.

(a) On a beam in the north aisle is inscribed the name of Thomas
Braken, esq., and the date 1538. He was mayor 1524, 1529, and 1543, and
member of parliament for the town from 1531 till his death in 1545. On
the dissolution of Barnwell priory he obtained a grant of the manor of
Chesterton which had belonged to that house. It is probable that he was
buried at Chesterton, where is an altar tomb without an inscription, but
bearing his arms.

266 S. CLEMENT.

There is a good plain perpendicular font.

The tower{o) and spire, designed by Charles
Humfrey, esq., were erected in 1821 with a be-
quest of the eminent antiquary, the rev. William
Cole, M.A., who died in 1782. Over the doorway
is Mr. Cole's motto " DEUM COLE,"(J} which although
peculiarly appropriate has been somewhat fastidiously
objected to. The vane on the spire is surmounted
by the crest of the architect.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.^

Eudo de Helpringham, clerk, sometime mayor, 8 June, 1329. W

Phoebe, wife of Edw. Withnoll, pastor of the church of
Christ, and dau. of Ja. Percevall of Cambridge, 13 kal. Dec.
1658, set 22 [a brass.]

Will Pedder,gent. 30 Jul., 1683 ; Will, his son, 13 Mar. 1697-8.

Mat. Wildbore, 4 Aug. 1689 ; Francis Brackenbury, 20 Mar.
1699-1700 ; Kath. wife of each of them successively, 10 Dec. 1706.

*Tho. Sowersbye, gent., 30 Jim. 1695, set. 94 ; Mabell his
wife, 8 Sept. 1673, set. 64.

*Ad. Newling, aid. 13 Mar. 1696-7, set. 68; Elizab. his
wife, 1686, set. 68.

Dan. Love, aid. capt. of the trained bands, a true subject to
the Queen, and a lover of his country, 6 Mar. 1707-8 set. 52 ;
Martha, his wife, 29 Mar. 1715, aet. 49.

(a) Before the erection of the tower the bells were hung in a wooden
structure on the north west side of the churchyard.

(b) Since to old Cole (Heaven rest his soul,

Who lov'd God's worship holy ;)
This spire we owe, we've placed below
His motto " DEUM COLE."

Camb. Chron., 8 Mar., 1822.

(d) The inscription in Lombardic characters is much defaced, and the
name has been read as " Youn de Helysingham." Eudo de Helpringham,
was mayor 1318, 1319, 1324, 1325, 1326, and 1327.

S. CLEMENT.

*01iver Pangbourn, 13 Jan. 1720-1, aet. 87.

Rog. Thompson, esq. 17 Dec. 1750, ag. 82 ; Sarah his wife,
18 Feb. 1763, ag. 51.

Mary Benson, 23 Jul. 1762, ag. 70; Elizab. Johnson, late
kinswoman of Tho. Doe Benson, 8 Apr. 1758, ag. 12.

Phoebe wife of Will. Anderson, 29 Sept. 1762, ag. 48.

Rob. Hodson, 3 Apr. 1763, ag. 58 ; Mary his wife, 27 Jan.
1769, ag. 53. Erected by their eldest son Will. Hodson.

Rev. Will. Cole, M.A. of Clare hall, vie. of Burnham, Bucks,
who resided chiefly at Milton, co. Camb. and was a magistrate
and deputy lieut. of that county, 16 Dec. 1782, aet. 68.

Cha. Martindale, gent. 14 Oct. 1788, ag. 70 ; Judith Mar-
tindale [his wid.] 18 Jan. 1799, ag. 72.

Josiah Xeale, 8 May, 1792, ag. 74 ; Ann his wife, 27 May,
1802, ag. 78 ; Ann their dau. 19 Jan. 1826, ag 62.

Will. Hodson, B.D. sen. fell, and vice-master of Trin. coll.
6 Oct. 1793, ag. 49.

Joh. Whittred, esq. (eld. son of King Whittred) aid. J.P.
and sometime mayor, 21 Jun. 1795, ag. 77; Mary his wife,
12 Jan. 1801, ag. 91.

"Will. Scott, 11 Mar. 1808, ag. 66; Elizab. his wife, 15 Apr.
1812, ag. 66 ; three of their children.

Sarah wife of Fra. Joh. Gunning, solicitor, 9 Nov. 1832,
ag. 33.

Outside western wall of north aisle.

Joseph Gray, 23 years apothecary of Addenbrooke's hospital,
b. 11 Mar. 1761, d. 12 Mar. 1808. Erected by the governors
of the hospital.

In the old churchyard.

*Rog. Thompson, brewer and benefactor to the town and
parish, 19 April, 1645, ag. 74.

*WiU. Challis, 3 Jul. 1659.

*Jeffrey Best, waterman and benefactor, 19 Apr. 1662.

*Ann wife of Nic. Eagle, aid., and mother of 9 sons and 2
daughters, 15 Jul. 1688.

*Dan. Love, 20 Dec. 1693, aet. 75.

268 S. CLEMENT.

In the new churchyard.

Job. Eaden [j. P. and sometime aid.] 29 Nov. 1852, ag. 79 ;
Anne his wife, 14 Jul. 1858, ag. 81.

Caroline wife of Hen. Eaden, 13 May, 1856, ag. 59.

In this church were gilds of S. Clement(a) and
Jesus, and we find mention of the Rood chapel, the
chapel of S. Mary and S. Nicholas, and the lights of
S. Clement, S. Christopher, S. Erasmus, S. Mary,
Jesus, and the Holy Trinity.

Before 1278 Robert Aungier gave 5 marks annu-
ally for the celebration of the mass of B. V. Mary in
this church. In 1325 William de Lolleworth, clerk,
settled lands in Cambridge and Chesterton for two
chaplains daily celebrating at the altar of S. Nicholas
in this church. In 1352 William Horwoode, sometime
mayor, augmented the endowment of Lolleworth's
chantry. In 1473 Thomas Walter gave 20s. a year
for his obiit to be kept by S. Clement's gild. In
1559 Richard Chevin gave 10s. a year for two ser-
mons and the repairs of the fabric, and William
Richardson gave 13s. ±d. a year to the poor. In
1568, Henry Hodson gave 10s. a year for a sermon

(a) The statutes of this gild, dated 1431, are in Trinity college library,
and there is a transcript in MS. Cole XLV. 1.

It was governed by an alderman, two masters, a clerk, and a dean
elected annually.

The annual meeting was on the Sunday after Low Sunday, and there
was also a morrow-speech on the Sunday after Michaelmas.

The members were forbidden to go to law until they had first laid their
case before the alderman.

At the general meetings the alderman was allowed a gallon of ale for
himself and his guests, each master and the clerk a pottle, and the dean
a quart.

The clerk and the dean had each 20eJ. a year for wages.

S. CLEMENT. 269

and the poor. In 1593 Lambert Damps, gave 14s.
a year, and Tbo. Ellys 6s. 8d. a year to the poor.
In 1645 Roger Thompson gave 2s. a week amongst
four poor widows. In 1662 Jeffery Best, water-
man, gave the annual interest of £20 to the poor.
In 1692 Thomas Sowersbye gave 12-s. a year to
the poor, and in 1696 Adam Newling, alderman,
gave 20^. a year.

William Dowsing, who visited this church 24 Dec.
1643, and 1 Jan. 1643-4, says:

We brake do\vn 30 Superstitious Pictures, divers of the
Apostles, the Pope Peters Keies.

In this parish were S. Clement's hostel, (a) Har-

(a) Joh. Cotworth, doctor of both the laws, principal of this hostel, died in
Sept. 1535. By his will dated 18th and proved 24th of that month, he
desired to be buried in the chapel of S. Nicholas in the church of S. Clement,
and bequeathed to the vicar 6s. 8d., to the church 20s., and to the poor in
half-penny loaves 12s. He willed that his body once dead should be put
into a coffin of boards and therewith buried, and that at the dirige the uni-
versity should have no groats because they said there was no purgatory ;
and he bequeathed 2s. to the bellman for the redemption of his habit.
(MS. Baker, VI. 210).

The following were members of this hostel : Rob. Clyffe, LL.D., warden
of Manchester, and chancellor of the diocese of Ely, died 1538; Eic.
Sampson, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, died 1554; and Griffin Trygan,
LL.D., an eminent civilian, died about 1562.

This hostel which adjoined S. Clement's church on the south, and was
of considerable extent, was devised to the corporation by Richard Chevin,
burgess and baker, by his will dated 20 June, 1559, subject to certain
annual payments for charitable purposes.

In 1582 the corporation designed to erect on part of the land at the
back of this hostel a house to set the poor to work, and for reformation of
idle persons.

Part of this hostel was converted into seven almshouses, leased by the cor-
poration to John Cropley, B D , and Ann his wife, 1609-10, to Francis Jermin
and others 1696; to Tho. Jermin and others 1714; to Tho. Nutting and
others 1724; and to the churchwardens and overseers 1733, 1753, 1769, and
1781. The last lease expired at Lady-day 1802.

270 S. CLEMENT.

leston place, (0) Wimpole hall/61 and Sedge hall.(c)
The Great bridge(d) is partly situate in this parish

(a) In 5 Hen. IV. Ivo de Harleston died seised of a manor in this parish,
•which extended into Newnham, Coton, Chesterton, Waterbeach, Fordham,
and Enhale.

William Grey, bishop of Ely, on 16 June, 1466, empowered the principal
fellows and scholars of the hostel, called Harleston place, to celebrate divine
service without note in their chapel or oratory within their hostel for three
years (MS. Baker xxx. 40.)

The lane in which it stood situate immediately northward of S. Clement's
church, was anciently known as Harleston lane. It subsequently acquired
its present appellation of Thompson's lane from the family of Thompson who
had a large brewhouse there from about 1520 to about 1750. This brew-
house, subsequently occupied by Andrew White, LL.D., alderman, John
Purchas, John Haggerston, and two successive Richard Fosters, has recently
been converted into an iron-foundry by the present owner Swann Hurrell,
alderman.

(6) Wimpole hall was situate near the Great bridge on the western side of
Bridge street. It belonged to the abbat and convent of Bury S. Edmund's.
In 14 Edw. III. it was in the tenure of Ric. de Adinton, at the annual rent of
4s. 6d., having been previously held during his life by Geoff, de Costiseye.
In 3 Ric. II., Rog. le Forbychhour, held at the like rent, the house which
had been occupied by Ric. de Adinton. It is not then called Wimpole hall
and it may therefore be inferred that it had ceased to be used for academi-
cal purposes.

(c) Sedge hall which is supposed to have been at one period occupied
by scholars, occurs in a deed of 1563. It appears to have abutted on
the river.

(d] It is from the bridge which occupied this spot at a very early date,
that the town derives its name.

By inquisition taken in 1276 it appears that the bridge was then im-
passable, and that Robert del Estre, the sheriff of the county, levied various
sums by hidage in certain hundreds of the county for the repairs of the bridge,
that a great part of these sums had not been employed to the uses designed,
and that whilst the bridge was impassable the sheriff provided a barge and
exacted for passage sums which he appropriated to his own use. It was also
presented that Richard Prest, the keeper of the sheriff's prison, took away
planks from the bridge by night in order by delaying the repairs to augment
the sheriff's profits.

In 1278 the bridge was presented as in a scandalous state of decay,
and it was found that the reparation and rebuilding was a charge on the
owners of certain lands in the county held by that tenure.

On 3 March, 1348-9, a royal commission of inquiry was issued as to the
liability to repair the bridge then much dilapidated.

S. CLEMENT. 271

which was formerly inhabited by many considerable
merchants and traders.

On the Great bridge was placed the cuckingstool
for the punishment of scolds. (a)

Commissions for the repair of the bridge were issued 17 May, 1362 ; 21
April, 1383; 12 Feb., 1390-1; 15 Feb., 1393-4; 14 July, 1413; 24 June,
1423 ; 6 July, 1478, and at many subsequent periods.

The bridge "was rebuilt in 1482 by a rate on the owners of pontage lands
aided by a toll.

The pontage lands are situate in Barton, Bourn, Boxvrorth, Caldecot,
Childerley, Conington, Dry Drayton, Duxford, Ellisley, Eversden, Grant-
chester, Hardwick, Histon, Hokynton, Landbeach, Lol worth, Longstanton,
Over, Papworth Agnes, Papworth Everard, Swavesey, Toft, Westwick, and
Whittlesford.

The Great bridge was carried away by a flood, 6 Sept. 1594.

The timber bridge which succeeded to that demolished in 1594, was
taken down in 1754, when a bridge of stone was erected, the cost of
which was £1327, raised by subscription. It must have been very badly
built as it was presented as ruinous and in decay at the town sessions
held 10 Oct. 1799.

The present bridge was erected in 1822, by a subscription which ex-
ceeded £2400. The conservators of the Cam gave £400, the university
£200, Magdalen college £200, and the corporation £150. The bridge,
which is of iron, was designed by Arthur Brown, esq., and built under
the superintendence of the county magistrates.

(a) In 1594 the corporation recovered damages against one Andrews for
pulling down the cuckingstool. The town treasurers in 1604 charge 20$. for
a new cuckstool, and in the following year 9s. for timber to it, and 10s. for
iron work. In 1624 they make the following charges :

"MAKING UP A CTJCKING STOOLE.

" Item, for Worke about the bridge for the cuckyn stoole with ene piece
" of tymber ijs. vjd.

" Item, for 2 pullies, xijc?.

" Item for 3 boultes with teies and Cotterills belonginge to them, ij«."

In 1663 there occurs a payment of 12s. to Luke Home for setting up
the cuckingstool and there is a charge for setting up the cuckingstool in
the accounts for 1673.

At a sessions held 4 Feb. 1745-6, an order was made for payment of
£1. 6s. Od. to Aid. Pretlove, for a ducking chair at the Great bridge.

The rev. William Cole, the antiquary, relates that when he was a boy he
saw a woman ducked for scolding. The chair hung by a pulley fastened to a
beam about the middle of the bridge. On the back of the chair was en-
graved the devil laying hold of scolds, &c. Sometime afterwards a new chair

272 S. CLEMENT.

A small public house called the Half Moon, on
the Quay side, would appear to have been once a
tavern. It has been much noticed on account of a
date in arabic numerals on the beam which crosses
the entrance to the yard. Some antiquaries read this
date as 1332. Others with more probability consider
it to be 1552.

There is a tradition, which seems entitled to no
great weight, that Oliver Cromwell once resided in an
ancient house in White Bull yard.

Many houses and other buildings in this parish
have been recently taken down to make room for a
new lodge for the master of S. John's college. Some
of these buildings near the river, which were of re-
mote antiquity, are supposed to have formed part of
an estate which belonged to the abbey of Bury S.
Edmund's for many centuries and up to the dissolution
of that monastery.

•was erected in the place of the old one, having the same devices carved on
it, and well painted and ornamented. This was taken down on the re-
building of the bridge in 1754.

At the sessions held 18 July, 1765, the court at the request of the grand
jury, ordered the ducking chair to be made and set up at the Great bridge.
On 16 April, 1766, the court ordered payment of £1. 15*. 6d. to Charles
Day, joiner, for making a ducking chair, and £3. 2s. 5d. to Samuel Booth,
whitesmith, for iron work to the same.

On 24 August, 1663, the corporation ordered the bench, called "Lyers'
Bench," by the Great bridge, to be repaired at the charge of the town.

•*•-•". .7:

S. EDWARD.

THIS church is dedicated to S. Edward the king
and martyr, and not, as has been often erroneously
stated, to S. Edward the confessor. It was granted
to the priory of Barnwell by Hugh de Norwold,
bishop of Ely (1229-54). In 1254 it was valued at
3 marks, and in 1291 at £2. 13s. 4e?. and a pension of
the prior of Barnwell 13s. 4c?. per annum. In a
return made to • Fordham, bishop of Ely, in 1402,
the annual value is given at 10 marks.

On 21 Feb. 1445-6, the prior and convent of
Barnwell granted the advowsons of the churches of
S. Edward and S. John to king Henry VI.,(a) who

(a) In 1291 this church was valued at £2. 13s. 4d., and a pension of the
prior of Barnwell at 20s. per annum. Having been conveyed by the prior
and convent of Barnwell to Henry VI., that monarch granted it to King's
college. It was taken down and its site covered by the college buildings.

VOL. HI. T

274 S. EDWARD.

on 21 March following, granted the advowson of
S. Edward to the master and fellows of Trinity hall.
On 10 Nov. 1446, S. John's was united to this
church, which was appropriated to Trinity hall:
the vicarage to be suppressed on the next avoidance,
the church being thenceforward served by a stipen-
diary curate, appointed by the master and fellows,
who were bound to pay annually to the bishop a
pension of 20d. and to the archdeacon of Ely 4s. 8d.
for procurations and other dues. It was also stipu-
lated that the parishioners should pay yearly 2Qd.
for Peter pence, and 11s. for Ely silver. (a) Notwith-
standing the union of the two churches the parish of
S. John was deemed to be legally subsisting for
temporal purposes until 29 Sept. 1856, when under
the Cambridge Award Act it was for all purposes
united to S. Edward's.

Before the reformation we find mention in this
church of the chapels of S. John the evangelist, and
S. Mary the virgin ; and the altars, images, and lights
of S. Nicholas, S. James, S. Mary, S. John the baptist,
S. John the evangelist, and S. Edward. Here were
also kept the gilds of S. Edward the king, and
S. Thomas the martyr.

This church will be for ever memorable, as
that in which the doctrines of the reformation
were preached by Thomas Bilney,(6) Dr. Robert

(a) The grants to and from Henry VI., the instrument of union and
appropriation and other documents connected with the matter are given
in MS. Baker, xxvii. 317-326; xxviii. 60-64.

At the time of the union Nicholas Cloos (afterwards bishop of Lichfield
and Coventry) was vicar of S. John's and Roger Drawbridge of S. Edward's.

(6) Bilney preached very frequently in this church, in and after 1525,

S. EDWARD. 275

Barnes(a), and Hugh Latimer,(6) all of whom suffered
martyrdom. It will be seen also that in this church
are buried two of the translators of the authorised
version of the Holy Scriptures.

The tower is early english. The western door
and the window over it are good modern insertions
in the ancient style.

although it does not appear that he had the cure. He was burnt at Norwich,
19 Aug. 1531.

(a) Dr. Barnes, who was prior of the Augustinians, preaching in this
church on Christmas eve, 1525, from the epistle of the day, Gaudete
in Domino (Phil. iv. 4) declaimed against the superstitious observance of
holidays; the pride pomp and avarice of the prelates and clergy; the rigour
and abuses of the ecclesiastical courts; the corruptions and errors of the
church ; and the persecution of the advocates of religious truth. For this
sermon he was accused of heresy before Dr. Natares, the vice-chancellor,
and afterwards convened before cardinal Wolsey and other prelates in Lon-
don. He was obliged to recant. After being in prison nearly three years he
made his escape and went to Germany. He subsequently returned to
England and was ultimately attainted of heresy by parliament, and burnt
in Smithfield, 30 July, 1540.

(6) In Advent, 1529, Latimer preached in this church quaintly con-
forming his discourse to the playing at cards, making the heart triumph,
and exhorting his hearers to serve God in sincerity and truth, and in works
of mercy, rather than in offerings in the church, setting up candles, gilding,
painting, and building of churches, giving of ornaments, and going on
pilgrimages. He was answered by Dr. Buckenham, prior of the Black
friars, who preached here in the beginning of January following, and whose
sermon, in imitation of Latimer's, contained repeated allusions to dice. On
the following Sunday, Latimer replied to Buckenham with great severity,
but the Romanists prevailed on Dr. John Venetus, a learned foreigner, to
undertake the defence of the tenets of their Church against Latimer. Dr.
"West, bishop of Ely, also preached against Latimer at Barnwell priory, and
many others attacked him, especially certain bachelors of divinity of S.
John's college. The court took up the matter, and although the king seems
rather to have countenanced Latimer, as being friendly to the then pending
divorce, yet it seems to have been considered necessary to put an end to all
further controversy, and a letter was sent by Fox, the king's almoner, to Dr.
Buckmaster, the vicechancellor, to reduce the disputants to concordance or to
forbid them to preach until the king's pleasure were known. Latimer, after
being for a short period bishop of Worcester, was burnt at Oxford,
16 Oct. 1555.

276 S. EDWARD.

The rest of the church is late decorated with
perpendicular additions and alterations.

The nave has four pier-arches on either side,
the piers being unusually lofty, and the arches acute.

The chancel aisles are much wider than those
of the nave. It is believed that they were used for
divine service by the societies of Trinity hall
and Clare hall, before chapels were erected in those
colleges, Trinity hall taking the northern aisle and
Clare hall the southern. The northern aisle is
separated from the chancel by a good perpendicular
arch.

The eastern window is of five lights, with a
circular head, and over the altar are five enriched
canopies.

The font which is exceedingly handsome, was
presented by the Cambridge Camden Society in 1842,
together with a richly carved canopy cover of oak.
This font was closely copied from the older one,
which had become much decayed. The cover which
is on the model of that at Littlebury, and is sur-
mounted by the figure of S. John the baptist, was
executed by J. Groom. The rev. Charles Upham
Barry, then incumbent, gave a special donation of
£21 to the funds of the Camden society towards
the expences of this font and cover.

An inscription on the south side of the altar,
records that the east end of the chancel was restored
in 1859, by members of the university, in memory
of the ten years incumbency of the very rev. Harvey
Goodwin, D.D., dean of Ely.

The church was at the same period re-pewed in

f }MT AMD C

• -.* i CRuKCH.

S. EDWARD. 277

excellent style. The pulpit and reading desk are
modern but most appropriate.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.

Will. Beck of Middle Temple, London, esq. 1 Dec. 1614,
set. 51 [with effigy in gown].

*Tho. Buck, esq. bedel, 4 Mar. 1669-70.

Theoph. Dillingham, son of Tho. b. at Over Deane,
Bedfordsh. archdeacon of Bedford and master of Clare hall, d.
at Cambridge, 22 Nov. 1678, aet. 76; Tho. Dillingham, M.A.
eldest son of the said Theoph. and Elizab. his wife, fellow of
Clare hall, b. at Great Hadham, Hertfordsh. d. 19 Dec. 1722,
aet. 60.

*Cha. Buxton, B.A. fell. Clare hall, 3 son of Rob. Buxton
of Tibenham, Norf. 20 Nov. 1682, aet. 22. -

Owen Mayfield, aid. and sometime mayor, a constant assertor
of loyalty and a true son of the church of England as by law
established, 27 Jan. 1685-6, set. 59 ; Sarah his wife, 23 Aug.
1684, aat. 47.

Geo. Griffith, M.A. 34 years head master of the school in
Cambridge, founded by Dr. Perse, 6 Jan. 1686-7, aet. 64.

Judith wife of Tho. Crask, M.D. of S. Joh. coll. 4 Dec. 1704 ;
Anna Maria, wife of Dr. Tho. Crask of Cambridge, daughter of
Mr. Joh. Wright of London, 31 (sic) Nov. 1706 ; Tho. their
son, 28 June, 1707, ag. 16 months.

Sam. Blithe, D.D. b. at Doncaster, master of Clare hall, and a
great benefactor thereto, 19 Apr. 1713, aet. 79.

*Hugh Martin, esq. bedel, 6 Aug. 1716, aet. 68.

*Rob. Mapletoft, LL.D. fell. Trin hall, 3 Dec. 1716, 35t. 32.

Sam. Newton,^ aid. 21 Sept. 1718, ag. 89 ; Sarah his wife,
5 Nov. 1716, ag. 85 ; Joh. their son, 18 Dec. 1719, ag. 60.

* Those thus marked are not now visible.

(a) Samuel Newton, who was a notary public, and held the office of
registrar to Trinity college, served the office of mayor for the year com-
mencing Michaelmas, 1671, and during his mayoralty Charles II. visited
Cambridge. His curious and interesting diary (1660-1717) is preserved in
Downing college library, and in the Harleian library are two volumes of his

078 S. EDWARD.

Will. Scarfe, aid. 6 May, 1724; Tho. his son, 10 Nov. 1719,
ag. 10 weeks.

*Joh. Brookbank, LL.D. fell. Trin. hall, official of archd. of
Ely and chancellor of diocese of Durham, b. at Liverpool, d. at
Cambridge, 1724, at. 73.

Frances rel. of Edm. Halfhyde, apothecary, 13 Jan. 1727,
set. 64 j their eld. son Edm. rector of Girton in this county,
12 Jan. 1739, aet. 56 ; their dau. Elizab. 26 April, 1743, aet 45 ;
their youngest son Tho. apothecary, 23 Feb. 1745-6, aet. 46.

Jane daught. of Joh. Kitchingman, M.A. of a Yorkshire
family and wife of Sam. Kerrich, M.A. of Dersingham, Norf.
22 Aug. 1731, aet. 38.

Elizab. Hatton, wid. of Coniere Hatton of Harborough,
Leicestersh. esq. and dau. of Tho. Buck of this par. esq. 9 Feb.
1731-2, ag. 52 ; her son Bic. Hatton of Trin. hall, esq. 19 Aug.
1735, ag. 24.

Cha. Morgan, D.D. master of Clare hall, 30 April, 1736,
aet. 59. ^

Tho. Fagg, stud. Clare hall, 7 Mar. 1753 ; placed by his
brother sir Will. Fagg, bart. of Mysole in par. of Chartham, Kent.

Joh. Mortlock, 26 April, 1754, ag. 80.

Joh. Wilcox, D.D. master of Clare hall, 16 Sept 1762, aet. 70.

Tho. Lombe, solicitor, b. at Norwich, 7 Jan. 1719, d. at
Camb. 3 Oct. 1800 ; Anne his wife, 8 Sept. 1783, ag. 73 ; Mar-
garet their dau. 1765, ag. 5 ; Margaret his sister, 1759, ag. 38.

Edw. Lunn, 28 Aug. 1813, ag. 75 ; Anne 2 wife, 16 Jul. 1809,
ag. 76 ; Susanna Turner her sister, 9 Mar. 1818, ag. 67.

Joh. Mortlock, esq. many years chief magistrate of the town,
and in 1784 elected one of its representatives in parliament, 7 May,
1816, ag. 61 ; Elizab. Mary his wid. 5 Apr. 1817, ag. 60; Will.
Mortlock, their youngest son [sometime aid.] 22 June, 1847, ag.
57, a person of sincere piety and rare benevolence and singleness
of heart, who in the course of a life spent in doing good, rebuilt
Knight's almshouses at his sole expence, and effected a large

manuscript collections. By his will, dated 24 NOT. 1718, he gave to the
corporation four booths in Sturbridge fair, and in consequence a sermon in
his commemoration was for many years preached in this church before the
mayor and corporation on the Sunday before 22 Sept. after which money
was distributed to the poor of this and the other parishes.

S. EDWARD. 279

addition to the endowment of the hospital of S. Anthony and
S. Eligius.

Harriet Dennet, wife of Hen. Marshall, 4 Feb. 1844, ag. 45.

In the old churchyard.

Rob. Watts, 31 Jan. 1752, [1751-2J, ag. 56>)

King Whittred, aid. 12 June, 1778, ag. 83 ; Elizab. his wife...

Joh. Nicholson [bookseller] 8 Aug. 1796, ag. 66; Anne his
wife, 7 Feb. 1814, ag. 84>)

Will Gilpin, stud, of Trin. coll. son of Will, and Elizab. of
b. at Cheam, Surrey, 28 Aug. 1789, d. 24 Feb. 1811.

Ja. Donn, curator of the Botanic garden [author of Hortus
Cantabrigiensis] 14 June, 1813, aet. 56; Ann his wife, 29 Aug.
1806, ag. 52.

Eob. Gee, solicitor, 18 June, 1817, ag. 67 ; Elizab. his wife,
1 April, 1809, ag. 63.

Joh. Nicholson [bookseller and dramatist] 3 Dec. 1822, ag. 41. ^

Rob. Gee [solicitor] 7 Dec. 1833, ag. 67 ; Mary his wife,
19 Apr. 1837, ag. 63; their dau. Sarah, wife of Walt. Gee,
rect. of Week S. Mary, Cornwall, 10 Jan. 1846, ag. 54.

(a) Robert "Watts, who dwelt and had a book shop on the western side of
Trumpington street in this parish, was the first person who established a circu-
lating library in Cambridge. It was opened about 1745, and comprised a large
stock of standard mathematical and classical books. He dealt also in maps and
prints, and acquired the name of Maps. His stock in trade he bequeathed
to his only daughter Anne, who on 28 March, 1752, married John Nicholson
of Mountsorrel, Leicestershire, who carried on the business on the same
premises with great success till his death in 1 796. He was also well known
by the name of Maps ; and his portrait, by Reinagle (which has been en-
graved) is in the university library. He was succeeded by his son John
who, in 1807, removed the business to a newly erected house at the corner
of Trinity street and S. Mary's street. Having accumulated a fortune be
went to reside at Stoke Newington and gave up the business to his son
John (the author of two or more published dramas). Shortly after the death
of the latter, which occurred in 1822, the business was disposed of to Mr.
Thomas Stevenson, alderman, and sometime mayor, a person of much
literary ability. He discontinued the circulating library. On his death,
in 1845, the business was sold to Messrs. A. & D. Macmillan, the survivor
of whom is an extensive publisher here and at London and Oxford, under
the designation of Macmillan & Co. The second John Nicholson died at
Stoke Newington, 25 April, 1825, ag. 70.

280 g. EDWARD.

Kob. Nicholson, lleut. R.N. 19 Jan. 1836, ag. 44.

Joseph Fetch, solicitor [only son of Joseph and Elizab. of
Wisbeach] b. March, 1779, d. Feb. 1839 of an inflammation on
the lungs, occasioned by a cold caught at the union workhouse
while attending his professional duties ; Mary his wife, 6 May,
1838, ag. 58.

In the new churchyard.

Hen. Sheen of Clare hall (2 son of rev. Sam. rector of Stan-
stead, SuiF. and Louisa his wife) b. 4 Feb. 1829, d. 22 May, 1851.

Isaiah Deck [F.G.S.] 5 Nov. 1853, ag. 61 ; Susan his wife, 4
June, 1863, ag. 70.

Geo. Crawfurd Heath,M.A. fell. King's coll. 18 Jul. 1860, aet.77.

Will. Edw. Ridler, M.A. fell. King's coll. b. 20 Sept. 1831,
d. 15 Aug. 1860.

Rev. Geo. Barber, M.A. 12 May, 1861, ag. 54.

The following interments here appear in the
parish registers :

Edw. Lively, Regius professor of hebrew, one of the trans-
lators of the Bible, 7 May, 1605.

Phil. Stringer, M.A. sometime fell, of S. Joh. coll. afterwards
esq. bedel, 27 Oct. 1605.

Ric. Thompson, fell, of Clare hall and rector of Snailwell,
one of the translators of the Bible, 8 Jan. 1612-13.

North Harrison, town clerk, 9 June, 1635.

Martin Perse, esq. mayor, 30 Apr. 1636.

Joh. Boord, LL.D. Regius professor of civil law, 23 Nov. 1684.

Ja. Ayloffe, fell. Trin. hall, 5 May, 1703.

Will. Tindale, LL.D. fell. Trin. hall, and minister of this
parish, 10 May, 1712.

Whadcock Priest, D.D. of Clare hall, 8 Jan. 1715-16.

Nathaniel Vincent, D.D. sen. fell, of Clare hall, 30 Mar. 1722.

Edw. Clarke, M.A. sen. fell, of Clare hall and esq. bedel,
17 Jan. 1726-7.

Joh. Gibson, M.A. fell, of Clare hall and eld. son of the bishop
of London, 5 May, 1731.

Rowl. Simpson, B.D. rec. of Gaywood, Norf. and sometime
fell. S. Joh. coll. 11 March, 1736-7.

S. EDWARD. 281

Tho. Buck, esq. 9 Sept. 1746.

Hen. Maiden, clerk of King's coll. chapel, and reputed
author of an account of that structure, 27 Aug. 1769.

The proceedings of William Dowsing in this
church on 1 Jan. 1643-4 are thus recorded by him :

We diged up the steps & brake down 40 Pictures & tooke
of 10 Superstitious Scriptures.

The inquisition of 23 Oct. 1650, taken before the
commissioners for providing maintenance for preaching
ministers, contains the following passages :

The Parishe of Saint Edward is neither Viccaridge nor
Parsonage.

That the Masters and Fellowes of Trinitie Hall in Cam-
bridge receave eight pounds per Annum for rent of a house
Aunchientlie called the Viccaridge Howse, and have usuallie
provided a Minister till of late Yeares, and doe repaire the
Chancell at their own Charge and clayme the duties for
buryeinge in the Chancell. That there is no present Minister
to supplie the Cure nor any maintenance.

The commissioners recommended that S. Benedict's
should be united to S. Edward's, the latter being the
fitter church.

The principal benefactions have been: Thomas
Ellys, pikemonger (1593) 6s. 8d. a year. William
Harbert (1612) £60, to be invested for the pur-
chase of fuel annually for the poor. Edward
Freeman (1778) the interest of £150. Elizabeth
Goodall (1809) the dividends on £425 consols,
for apprenticing children of this and other parishes.
Edward Lunn (1813) the interest of £100. William
Mortlock, alderman (1821) an altar piece, painted by
R. B. Harraden, representing Christ and the two

282 S. EDWARD.

disciples at Emmaus.(fl) Gilbert Ives (1826) the
interest of £200. There were formerly almshouses
belonging to this parish, (J) the poor of which are
entitled to a preference in the election of inmates of
Dr. Perse's almshouses.

In this parish, including what formerly constituted
S. John's, were situate the houses of the Augustinian(c)

(a) Now in the vestry.

(6) These almshouses were leased by the corporation as follows, each
lease being for 21 years at 20s.

16 Aug. 1645. To Sam. Spalding, aid. and others.

17 Aug. 1668. To Edw. Stoite, M.D. and others.
24 Aug. 1710. To Sam. Newton, aid. and others.
1 Sept. 1719. To Jos. Pyke, aid. and others.

4 March, 1729-30. To Jos. Pyke, aid. Tho. Matthews, and the
churchwardens and overseers.

17 June, 1740. To the churchwardens and overseers.

16 March, 1757. To the churchwardens and overseers.

In the first of these leases the almshouses are described as under a long
chamber called the treasury, then used as a schoolhouse in the occupation
of John Botewright, gent. The treasury is subsequently stated to be used
as a corn- chamber.

(c) The friars hermits of the order of S. Augustine, popularly called the
Austin friars, settled themselves in S. Edward's, in or shortly before 1290.
The site of their house may be thus described: towards the north it abut-
ted on the Pease market, towards the south on the street now called Down-
ing street, towards the east on the street anciently called Fairyard lane,
afterwards Slaughterhouse lane, and now Corn exchange street, and towards
the west on the lane once known as Lurteburgh lane, and now as Free-
school lane.

Sir Geoffrey Pitchford is said to have been the founder.

In 1290 the friars came to an agreement with the prior and convent of
Barnwell, as rectors of S. Edward, and William the vicar, to pay 4s. yearly
by way of recompence for the damages arising on account of the houses and
soil taken by the friars in which parishioners used to dwell, who paid obla-
tions and tithes, real and personal, to the church of S. Edward. It was also
stipulated that the friars should not admit the parishioners of S. Edward to
receive the sacraments of the church, and that all their hired secular servants
should receive the sacrament in S. Edward's, and make their oblations and
pay their tithes there.

At the dissolution the site was granted to William ELeynsham, from
whom it passed to John Hatcher, M.D., Regius professor of physic, who

S. EDWARD. 283

and Carmelite friars, (fl) and several minor academical

died there in March, 1586-7. By his will, in default of issue male of his
grandsons and nephews, he devised the same to the university to be em-
ployed as a house for students to be called Hatcher's hall. A portion of the
estate subsequently became the property of Stephen Perse, M.D., the free
school and almshouses founded by him being erected thereon. Another
portion of the site, long used as the Botanic garden, is now in part occupied
by the newly erected lecture rooms of the university.

As late as 1789 part of the refectory was standing, being then used as
the lecture room of the professors of botany.

The names of the following priors have been preserved : John occurs
1290; Thomas Cressale, D.D., occurs 1418: Thomas Swillington, D.D., occurs
1520, he was suffragan to the bishop of Lincoln; John Stokys, D.D., who
occurs 1521, was afterwards provincial and prior of the house at Norwich;
John Stubbs, D.D., occurs 1522 ; Robert Barnes, D.D., occurs 1524, he was a
warm advocate of the reformation, a diplomatist, and a voluminous author,
and was burnt in Smithfield 1540; John Hardyman, D.D., occurs 1536,
and subsequently signed the surrender to the king.

Amongst other eminent brethren were Roger Twiford, D.D., a celebrated
preacher, flourished 1390; William Wells, D.D., provincial and a good
writer for his age, died 1421 ; John de Bury, D.D., a great opponent of the
Wickliffites, flourished 1460 ; John Tonnys, D.D., author of learned works,
died about 1510; Thomas Paynell, diplomatist and classical scholar,
flourished 1540 ; and Miles Coverdale, sometime bishop of Exeter, and
translator of the Bible, died 1568-9.

(a) The friars of the order of Mount Carmel, commonly called Carmelites
or white friars, were originally settled in the parish of Chesterton. In or
about 1249 they removed to Newnham, where they built a number of cells
with a handsome church, cloister, and all necessary apartments, occupying
altogether three acres or more. A portion of that site was given by Michael
Malerbe, and the residue they had by the gift of others and by purchase.

In 1290 they petitioned parliament that William de Hamelton might
give them a house in the town of Cambridge where they might build their
house anew, because at Newnham they suffered many and great inconve-
niences on account of inundation of waters, so that the scholars could not
have access to them to hear divinity, nor could they get to the town to
procure their victuals. On this petition an inquisition was awarded which
appears to have been favourable.

The original site of the house in S. John's extended from the street to
the river, and from land formerly of John Alured to the lane which led
to the river.

The prior and convent of Barnwell as rectors of S. John, and Symon the
vicar opposed the Carmelites building in that parish, on the ground that they
should lose tithes and oblations which had been payable in respect of the
houses which occupied the site. The matter being referred to the arch-

284 S. EDWARD.

establishments, namely old God's house, (a) and
the hostels of S. Austin, (6) the Holy Cross, (c) S.

deacon of Ely and his official, it was determined that the Carmelites should
pay the prior and convent 14s. a year as recompence for all damages which
they and their vicar should sustain. Subsequently John dePorthors, burgess
of Cambridge, for easing the Carmelites, settled on the prior and convent
the yearly rent of 13s. 4d., and for the remaining 8d. the Carmelites gave
the prior and convent full satisfaction. This agreement made in Jan. 1294-5,
was confirmed by the bishop of Ely.

In 15 Edw. III., John de Caumpes had the royal licence to give to the
friars a messuage with the appurtenances contiguous to their manse.

A portion of the garden appears to have been acquired by King's college
before the surrender. The residue of the site and the materials of the
house were soon after the surrender granted to Queens' college.
(See vol. I. 291, 292).

We subjoin the names of some of the priors: "William occurs 1291;
Richard Hely occurs 1446, he wrote De Adventu Carmelitarum in
Angliam, and died in London I486; John Hethynghatn, who occurs 1450,
and quitted 1456, wrote Sermones Varies; John Barret, D.D., occurs 1533,
he was afterwards canon of Norwich, and a learned writer and died 1563;
Andrew Barsham, B.D., occurs 1535; William Watson occurs 1535-6 ; George
Legate occurs 1536, and resigned 1538; Clement Hubbard, alias Thorp,
elected 1538, soon afterwards surrendered the house to Henry VIII.

The following are amongst other eminent members of this house:
Humphrey Necton, D.D., the first of the order who graduated at Cambridge,
died 1303 ; Richard Belgrave, author of Theological Determinations, &c.
flourished 1320; Thomas de Ely, D.D., lecturer at Bruges, died about 1320;
Alan de Lynne, D.D., author of Indexes to 33 Authors, flourished 1420;
John Thorp, D.D., author of the Labyrinth of Sophisms, &c., died 1440.

(a) See Vol. II. 2-4.

(b) See Vol. 1. 195-197.

It will be seen that two hostels so called were granted to King's college
in 1448-9. It is probable that the one which had belonged to Clare hall
was first taken for the site of King's, that the scholars of the hostel there-
upon removed to the house which belonged to Denny abbey, Agnes Jacob,
and John Wering, but that ultimately that hostel also was required for
the site of the college.

(c) By a deed dated on the feast of S. Dunstan, 10 Ric. II., the prioress
and convent of S. Leonard in Stratford att Bowe, conveyed to Thomas
Kelsal and others a curtilage in Scole lane, abutting on the tenement of the
hospital of S. John, called the hostel of the Holy Cross, (MS. Baker,
XXVI. 95). This hostel which was in the parish of S. John, was granted
by the master and brethren of S. John's hospital to Henry VI., for the site
of King's college, in exchange for the fish ponds near the hospital. (Baker's

S. EDWARD. 285

Edmund, w S. Edward/6) S. John/" and S. Ni-
cholas.1^

The university library, the schools, the new
museums and lecture rooms, Clare college, Trinity
hall, parts of King's and S. Catharine's colleges, and
the Perse school and almshouses, are situate in this
parish, as is also a small portion of the Guildhall.

Within this parish also were formerly two famous
taverns called the Mitre (e) and the Tuns.(/)

Hist, of S. John's, ed. Mayor 17). See p. 262, n. (c) and correct that
note by this.

(a) See Vol. I. 179, 194.

(b) See Vol. I. 180, 195.

(d) See Vol. I. 180.

(e) Randolph has witty verses on the fall of the Mitre Tavern, about 1634,
and amongst the poems of Christopher Smart is one entitled The Pretty
Barkeeper of the Mitre, 1741.

(/) The Tuns tavern which was situate on the Market hill, and partly in
Great S. Mary's, ceased to be used as a tavern about 1790, when it was
converted into grocery premises, lately occupied by A. G. Brimley, alderman,
and the adjacent small public-house still known as the Three Tuns.

On 17th Nov. 1750, forty-six gentlemen educated at Westminster school
met at the Tuns according to custom, to celebrate the accession of queen
Elizabeth, Thomas Francklin, Regius professor of greek, being in the chair.
At 11 o'clock, as the company were about to disperse, one of the proctors
entered the room, and a scene of confusion ensued. The proctor cited some of
the party before the vicechancellor and heads for insulting and interrupting
him in the execution of his duty. They were found guilty and reprimanded,
such of them as were in statu pupillari were also fined 6s. 8d. each, and
Thomas Ansell, LL.B., fellow of Trinity hall, was suspended from his degree
for contemptuous and disobedient behaviour to the vicechancellor during
his defence. The case excited great interest at the time, and a pamphlet
purporting to contain a narrative of the proceedings had an extraordinary
sale.

S. GILES.

WE have already given an account of the estab-
lishment within this parish of a house of canons,
which was in 1112 removed to Barnwell.(o) On its
foundation that house was endowed with the church
of S. Giles, which however was soon afterwards
either unjustly taken from or lost by the prior and
convent of Barnwell, to whom it was restored by
William, bishop of Ely, in the time of Robert the
fifth prior, when it was assigned for defraying the
charge of curing the sick canons and bleeding those
who were in health.

In 1254, this church was rated at £3. 6s. 8J.,
and in 1291 at £6. 13s. 4d. per annum. (6)

The church of All Saints by the Castle, was in

(a) Vide ante p. 219.

(b) It does not appear in the valuation made under the act of 1534.

S. GILES. 287

1254 rated at £3. 6s. 8d., and in 1291 at £4. 135. 4£
per annum. It belonged to the prior and convent
of Barnwell, (a) to whom it was appropriated by Hugh
de Balsham, bishop of Ely, on the resignation of
Adam de Buden, towards the maintenance of two
chaplains, students in divinity in the university, on
the foundation of William de Kilkenny, bishop of
Ely.(6) Ultimately, but at what precise period or for
what cause we are not informed, the churches of All
Saints by the Castle and S. Giles were united, and
all knowledge of the bounds of the former parish
has long been lost.

The rectory of S. Giles and the advowson of the
vicarage, which came to the crown on the disso-
lution of the priory of Barnwell, were granted by
queen Elizabeth, in the 4th year of her reign to
Richard Cox, bishop of Ely, and his successors. (c)

In the inquisition taken 23rd Oct. 1650, before
commissioners for providing maintenance for preach-
ing ministers, it was thus presented :

(a) In or about 1290, the friars of S. Mary settled in Catton rewe in the
parish of All Saints by the Castle, and near that church. They agreed to
pay yearly to the infirmarer of the priory of Barnwell half a mark in satis-
faction of all damages occasioned by their taking property which had there-
tofore paid tithes.

These friars first settled in Cambridge in or about 1273, but in what
particular part of the town is unknown. In 1278 it was presented that
they held one messuage in which they dwelt and where their chapel was
erected, which messuage they bought of Henry de Berton, rendering to him
12d. yearly, he acquitting them against the bailiffs of Cambridge of 4d. of
hagabul to the king.

The order appears to have been one of the numerous minor orders of friars
which were suppressed in 1307.

(b) Baker's Hist, of S. John's, ed. Mayor, 21.

(c) Particulars of the exchange bet\veen queen Elizabeth and bishop
Cox will be found in Willis's Cathedrals, ii, 338, 339 ; and Bentham's Ely, 194.

288 S. GILES.

The parish of S. Giles is an impropriate Parsonage worth
One hundred and twentye pounds Per annum. John Rouse,
Esquire, as Lessee for lives to the late Bishop of Ely, being
the Impropriator and possessor thereof. But whether any of
the lives are in beinge the Jurors know not, he liveing remote
from thence in the County of Suffolk.

That there is a Viccaridge belonginge to the said Parish worth
Twelve pounds per Annum.

That there is at present no supplie of the Cure, the same
haveinge layd voyd about four Monthes neither have they a
preachinge Minister.

The commissioners recommended that S. Peter's
should be united to S. Giles's, S. Giles being the
larger church and fitter for use.(a)

The governors of queen Anne's bounty, in 1792
granted £200 for the augmentation of the benefice.

Amongst the eminent ministers of this parish we
may mention: Samuel Hammond, a noted puritan,
afterwards preacher at Newcastle upon Tyne ; John
Spencer, D.D., dean of Ely, and master of Corpus
Christi college ; Zachary Grey, LL.D., the commen-
tator on Hudibras; William Farish, Jacksonian pro-
fessor; and Henry Hutchinson Swinny, sometime
fellow of Magdalen college, and late principal of
Cuddesdon theological institution.

The church is a strange and repulsive medley
of ancient and modern work.

The south door has a sharply pointed arch en-
riched with cheveron and other mouldings, under
a highly pitched pediment, within which is an
arch. There is a later stone porch in front of this
door.

(a) The two churches have never been united although they have
usually, if not invariably, been held by the same person.

S. GILES. 289

The chancel walls and arch belong to the original
foundation, the latter having early norman decora-
tions which are very curious. Lancet windows are
inserted on the south side.

The body of the church is early english without
aisles. The west and south walls are original, the
former retaining traces of a twin early english
window. The north wall was removed by the late
professor Farish, and the building extended north-
wards to double its original area. A new roof with
its ridge lying north and south converts the whole
into one large modern room, with the pulpit (having
a large and marvellous concave sounding board)
at the south end, the font (a plain octagonal one)
in front of it, and the organ at the north in a horse-
shoe gallery which extends along the east and west
sides. The floor below rising gradually northwards
completes the arrangement. The old chancel is thus
converted into a lateral recess, and is moreover
masked by the gallery. (0)

The altar piece represents the offering of the
wise men.

(a) The nave of this church is one of those new brick edifices, which
is to transmit the taste of this age to future wondering generations. The
plan is singular ; the seats rise behind each other as in the pit of a theatre,
an arrangement of which, neither the beauty nor utility are evident. It
may be very right, and, since it is allowed, no doubt it is, to pull down, or
to suffer to fall, those old fashioned things called churches, and build up in
their places something like meeting-houses 5 but it is not quite evident what
we gain by the exchange, — perhaps no increase of piety, and certainly no
improvement in taste. We cannot, at least, say with the Ephraimites of
old, in the pride and naughtiness of our hearts, "The bricks are fallen
down, but we will build with hewn stone; the sycamores are cut down, but
we will change them into cedars." — Notes on the Cambridgeshire Churches
[by rev. Geo. Richard Boissier] p. 22.

VOL. III. U

290 S. GILES.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :

In the church and chancel.

Nic. Carr,(a) [M.D. Regius professor of greek, 3 Nov. 1568,
set. 45.]; Cath. [his daughter]; Will. James. Only partially
legible.

*Anne Waterland, 1717, ag. 63.

*Will. Typpin, Magd. coll. (b. at Weston Colville, Cam-
bridgesh.) 9 Dec. 1718, aet. 19.

Elizab. Gifford, sist. of Joseph Ivatt, 19 Dec. 1800, ag. 78.

Joseph Warter, M.A. fell. Magd. coll. and jun. proctor,
7 Nov. 1802, ag. 33.

Jacob Smith, 28 Feb. 1814, ag. 74.

Will. WilkinsW of Newnham in this par. [architect] 22 April,
1815, ag. 64; Hannah^) his wife, 29 June, 1815, ag. 58;
Hannah, eld. dau. b. 26 Aug. 1799, d. at Southwell, Nott.
28 Jan. 1852 ; Emm, 2 dau. b. 19 May, 1782, d. 20 Nov. 1841 ;
Harriet youngest dau. wife of Rob. Woodhouse, M.A. Plumian
professor, b. 11 Jul. 1786, d. 31 March, 1826.

Kath. wife [wid.] of Jacob Smith, 8 Nov. 1833, ag. 85.

In the churchyard.^

Harman James, 8 Feb. 1814, ag. 60.

Ric. Vaughan, b. 10 Nov. 1761, d. 24 Jul. 1816.W

Elizab. Matilda, wife of Tho. Carr of Bombay [afterwards
bishop of Bombay], and eld. dau. of Mr. Farish, surgeon of this
town, d. at sea on voyage home, 1 Feb. 1 825, ag. 36 ; Hen.
Joh. Will. Carr, her youngest child, 21 Dec. 1825, ag. 17 months ;
Geo. PaleyReade, grandson of the late Ja. Farish, 1 Sept. 18...

Sarah Apthorp, 16 June, 1833, ag. 74.

(a) Dr. Carr was buried at S. Michael's. [See Athena Cantab, ii. 263.]

* These are now invisible.

(6) Parents of Will. Wilkins, K.A.

(<*) Richard Vaughan, a most noted person in his day, was driver of the
Telegraph coach from Cambridge to London. His portrait has been en-
graved by Dighton, and he is the subject of the mervailous Historie (by
the rev. Hen. Thompson of S. Joh. coll. now vicar of Chard), which may be
found in the Sporting Magazine for Jan. 1826, and Cambridge Portfolio, 456.

S. GILES. 291

Will. Hunt, esq. barrister-at-law, sen. fell. King's coll. 6 Jan.
1852, ag. 86.

Cha. Bell, B.A. Cai. coll. b. 2 Dec. 1831, d. 18 Mar. 1856.

Blomefield, who visited this church in August,
1724, states that before the pulpit was a stone with
the effigy of a man in armour in the middle of it,
and at each corner a brass shield. On two of the
shields were : on a fess 3 cocks, and on the other
two a tun and the letter B which he conjectured
to be a rebus for Tunby. The stone remains, but
the brasses have long been gone.

A gild of S. Giles in this church is frequently
mentioned in wills made before the reformation.

William Dowsing thus records his proceedings at
S. Giles's, 30 Dec., 1643 :

We brake downe 12 Superstitious Pictures & tooke 2 Popish
Inscriptions, 4 Cherubims & a holy water Fonte at the Porch
Dore.

The principal benefactions have been: Thomas
Ellys, pikemonger, (1593) 6s. 8d. .a year; Robert
Bridgman, a house in Bell lane (now Northampton
street) formerly used as a workhouse ; Harman James
(1814) the interest of £80 to Addenbrooke's hospital,
for the benefit of this parish ; Jacob Smith, (1814)
205. a year.

By virtue of a private act passed in 1802, the
open and common fields, common meadows, and
other open and commonable lands and waste grounds
within this parish were enclosed, allotments being
made in lieu of great and small tithes. (a) Under a

(a) The act contains a proviso preserving the right of Trinity college to
an ancient watercourse used for conveying water from certain springs in
this parish into the conduit within that college.

292

S. GILES.

clause in the act, a trial took place in the court of
Bang's Bench, at Guildhall, London, 20 Jan., 1803,
to determine the right of soil in the common and waste
lands in the parish. The plaintiffs were the corpora-
tion, and the defendants Merton college Oxford,
Jesus and S. John's colleges Cambridge, and Sir
Charles Cotton of Madingley, bart., but the defence
was entirely confined to the claim of Merton college.
After a lengthened investigation the jury returned a
verdict in favour of the corporation.

THE ROMAN STATION was situate in this parish and
the adjoining parishes of S. Peter and Chesterton. (ffl)

MANOR OF MERTON HALL. In this parish, but
extending also into the parishes of S. Peter, Grant-
chester, and Chesterton, is a small manor belong-
ing to the warden and scholars of Merton college,
Oxford, and commonly known as the manor of
Merton hall.

In March 1269-70, the estate in Cambridge, or
the principal park of it, comprising a messuage, sixty
acres of land, and 60s. 2d. rent, was conveyed to the
scholars of Merton by Richard Dunning and William
de Manefeld,(i) at the instance and expence of the
founder Walter de Merton, who in his charter of
addition and enlargement dated in 1270, grants to
his scholars, the lands and rents formerly of Richard

(a) See Babington's Ancient Cambridgeshire. See also a paper by pro-
fessor Babington on roman interments by the side of the so-called Via
Devana near Cambridge, in Communications to Cambr. Antiq. Soc. II. 289.

(b) The estate descended from father to son as follows: Eustace
Dunning, Hervey Dunning, Eustace Dunning, and Richard Dunning.

The second Eustace Dunning conveyed it by way of pledge or mortgage
to John de Castle Bernard, from whom it descended to his son William
de Castle Bernard, whose heir was William de Manefeld.

S. GILES.

293

PYTHAGORAS 8 SCHOOL.

Dunning and William de Manefeld in Cambridge
and the parts adjacent.

The messuage is a stone grange of the end of the
twelfth or beginning of the thirteenth century, but
so much spoiled by modern alterations that very little
of the original character remains. One or two of
the windows on the first floor are good specimens
of transition norman work. It has had an external
staircase, and the ground room has been vaulted, but
scarcely a vestige of either is now discernible.

This building from the time of its being acquired
by Merton college(a) has been in the hands of the

(a) There must be excepted an interval of about seventeen years, during
which the manor belonged to King's college (vide vol. I. 184, 199.) There
is no reason however to suppose, that during that brief period the messuage
was used otherwise than theretofore.

294 s. GILES.

bailiffs or tenants of the college, in the records of
which it is as early as 1355, referred to as their
stone house in Cambridge, called Merton hall.

About the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth
it acquired the name of the house of Pythagoras, and
it was subsequently called the school of Pythagoras.
There is a tradition that it was used for academical
lectures, but for this there does not appear to be the
slightest foundation.(a)

Within this parish are situate the Observatory,
Story's almshouses, the cattle market, and portions
of Magdalen college, and of the grounds of King's,
S. John's, and Trinity colleges. The primitive
methodists have a chapel in S. Peter's street in
this parish. (J)

(a) Once there prevailed an opinion that this house before it came to
Merton college was the infirmary of the hospital of S. John. Originating
in a pretentious and somewhat absurd article in Grose's Antiquities, and
adopted by Gough in his British Topography, and the additions to Camden's
Britannia, it was proved to be entirely erroneous by the rev. Joseph Kilner,
sometime fellow of Merton college, in a privately printed work in folio,
without date, entitled " The Account of Pythagoras's School in Cambridge ;
as in Mr. Grose's Antiquities of England and Wales, and other notices."
This work is quite a curiosity : its title gives no real indication of the con-
tents ; the author devotes one hundred and fifty-eight pages to what might
easily have been got into four ; introduces irrelevant topics ; wanders from
point to point in an incomprehensible fashion ; though learned, acute, and
undoubtedly in the right, contrives to obscure his meaning in a wilderness
of words ; and lastly, gives only brief and unsatisfactory abstracts of the
most pertinent documents, whilst others appear in extenso.

His book having no date it may be proper to state that Mr. Kilner
died 3 June, 1793, set. 73, and is buried at Cirencester in Gloucestershire.

(6) Re-erected 1863, on the site of a smaller one.

A building on Pound bill, formerly a methodist chapel, is now used
as a charity school.

may be considered
i a vei

Kripal parish in the

rcli has

and

ings of that

are also instances

place here,

is still

jr paper on this church,
ttiona of the

298 S. MAKY THE GREAT.

The church was completed, but without the tower,
in 1519.

It is said that Henry VIII. by letters patent dated
5 Dec. 1535, incorporated the churchwardens(a) of
this parish with power to hold such lands as were
not held of the king in chief.

The eminently learned protestant divine Martin
Bucer, D.D., was buried in this church in March,
1550-1 with extraordinary solemnity, but in the
reign of Mary when the university was visited by the
delegates of cardinal Pole, Bucer's body was taken
from its grave and burnt in the market place, 6 Feb.
1556-7. This church was put under an interdict but
was ultimately reconciled.

In 1607, there is a decree of the heads prohibit-
ing the taking of tobacco in this church during the
commencement time. This prohibition was by a
subsequent decree, extended to the occasion of James
the first's visit to the university in March, 1614-15.

The following curious account of disorders in this
church is from a paper sent from Cambridge to
archbishop Laud in 1636.

St. Mary's Church at every great Commencement is made
a Theatre & the Prevaricatours Stage wherein he acts & setts
forth his prophane and scurrilous jests besides diverse other
abuses & disorders then suffered in that place. All the year
after a parte of it is made a Lumber House for ye Materials of

(a) The ancient mode of electing churchwardens and other parish
officers on Easter Monday was as follows : Each of the outgoing church-
wardens nominated one person. Those two nominees chose six others,
and the eight chose two churchwardens, two wardens of the sepulchre and
rood lights, and two wardens of the lights of the mass of Jesus. In
11 Hen. VIII. there were also elected in like manner four auditors of the
churchwarden's accounts and four keepers of the keys of the chantry
hutch (viz. the chantry chaplain, the two churchwardens, and another).

S. MARY THE GREAT. 299

ye Scaffolds, for Bookbinders dry Fats, for Aumeric Cupboards,
& such like implements, which they know not readily where
else to put. The west windows are half blinded up with
a Cobler's and a Bookbinder's Shop. At the East end are
Incroachments made by diverse Houses, & the "Vestry is lately
unleaded (they say) with purpose to let it mine or to pull it
down. The seats (many of them) are lately cooped high up
with Wainscot. The service Pulpit is sett in ye midst a good
distance below ye Chauncell and looks full to the Bellfrie, so that
all Service 2nd Service and all (if any be) is there read &
performed that way.

The Service there (which is done by Trin. Coll.) is com-
monly posted over and cut short at ye pleasure of him that
is sent thither to read it.

When ye Universitie comes in to ye Sermon, the Chancell
(the higher part of it) is filled with Boyes & Townsmen, &
otherwiles (thereafter as ye Preacher is) with Townswomen too
all in a rude heap betwixt the Doctors & the Altar. In the
bodie of ye Church, Men Women & Scholers thrust together
promiscuously but in ye place only before y6 Pulpit which they
call ye Cockpitt & which they leave somewhat free for Masters
to sitt in. The rest of the Church is taken up by the Towns-
men of ye parish and their families, which is one reason among
others that many Schollers pretend for not coming to this
Church. Tradesmen & Prentices will be covered when all the
Universitie is bare. Upon dayes when the Litany is there
solemnly to be sung by ye Universitie we have not above 3 or 4
Masters in their habit that come to assist at that service in
y6 Quire, ye rest keep their places, below for the Sermon,
To which Sermon every Day we come most of us Drs. & all,
without any other habit butt the Hatt & the Gowne.

William Dowsing has not given in detail his
proceedings at this church, which he states he visited
27 Dec. 1643, and in January following, but in the
churchwardens' accounts occur these charges :

£. 5. d.
Item paid this year for defacing & repairing

the windowes 10 11 0

Item paid to the overseer of the windowes . .68

300 S. MARY THE GREAT.

The author of Querela Cantabrigiensis informs
us that at this period a beautiful carved structure in
S. Mary's, although it had no imagery or statue work
about it, was demolished.

An inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before com-
missioners for providing maintenance for preaching
ministers, contains the following passage relating to
this parish:

The Parishe of St. Marie the Greate, is neither Parsonage
nor Viccaridge to their knowledges, Trinitie Colledge havinge
usuallie provided a Minister till of late and mainteyned theire
Chancell at theire owne charge. Alsoe Caius College have
certaine lands in Steeple Morden and Gilden Morden which
were given towards the maintenance of a preaching Minister
in the said parishe, But what the Yearly Vallue is the
Parishioners know not

That there is no Minister at present that supplies the
Cure.

The benefice has been augmented as follows: In
1775, Trinity college gave £100; the dowager lady
Gower £100, and the governors of queen Anne's
bounty £200. In 1814 the governors of queen Anne's
bounty gave £1000, out of the parliamentary grant.
In 1819 the rev. Daniel Cresswell gave £100; the
trustees of Mrs. Pyncombe's charity £100, and the
governors of queen Anne's bounty £300.

We find mention in this church of chapels of
Corpus Christi, of the Mass, and of SS. Laurence
and Mary (commonly called S. Laurence), and of
gilds of S. Andrew, S. Catharine, SS. Christopher
and James, S. Mary, and the Holy Trinity.

We subjoin an account of various benefactions

S. MARY THE GREAT. 301

to the church and poor: Alan de Wellis, burgess,
in 1315 bequeathed half a mark to the gild of S.
Mary, and a mark to the building of the church.
John Cotton and others in 1394 endowed a chap-
lain in this church, with five messuages, two
gardens, ten acres of land and 66s. 8d. rent in
Cambridge and Chesterton. Robert Lyncoln, bur-
gess, in 1450 bequeathed £10 for erection of the
southern part of the church. John Rygewynn, bur-
gess, in 1458 gave a messuage for his anniversary
in the chapel of S. Mary and also 20s. towards building
the south aisle. Richard Andrewe alias Spycer, in 1459
bequeathed ten marks to S. Mary's chapel, also 26s. 8d.
to the gild of S. Andrew the apostle for finding
two wax candles before the image of S. Andrew:
he moreover gave to the keepers of the chest
founded by him in the Guildhall, a house in Great
S. Andrew's and three booths in Sturbridge fair to
keep his anniversary in this church on the feast of
S. Gregory the pope. Agnes Lyncoln by will
in 1465 charged a messuage and land at Newnham
with the performance of a yearly mass for the souls
of herself and her husband Robert Lyncoln. Thomas
Rygewynn, draper, in 1466 bequeathed ten marks
to the reparations. John Hessewell gave an altar
hanging with the martyrdoms of SS. Stephen and
Laurence depicted thereon, two copes of blue cham-
let, two Lent cloths of chamlet, six altar-cloths, a
cloth for the crismatory, a pax silver and gilt
enamelled, and a pair of silver cruets, and by will in
1467 bequeathed £5 towards making the south aisle.
Thomas Jackenett, burgess, gave a vestment of white

302 S. MARY THE GREAT.

chamlet, another of red satin with a green cross,
a suit of vestments of cloth of tissue, an altar -hanging,
with a front of blue velvet and flowers of gold,
and by his will about 1469 directed an obiit
for himself and Agnes his wife to be kept in this
church on the feast of S. Thomas the apostle yearly.
John Erlych, burgess, in 1475 founded an anniversary
for the souls of himself and Alice and Agnes, his
wives. John Hessewell, alderman, in 1490 gave pre-
mises in Barton, Whitwell, and Coton, to feoffees in
trust, and his wife Agnes bequeathed four fish beedys
in the market to the corporation, who, in 1511
covenanted to keep in this church for ever, the obiit
and anniversary of the said John and Agnes on ,
S. Leonard's day. Katherine, widow of John Cooke,
sometime mayor, in 1496 founded an annual obiit
in this church with a distribution to the poor, and
in 1504 by her will, made provision for other religious
services, and bequeathed £10 for a pall. Joan, wife
of Walter Stroppe, by will dated 1502 gave a mes-
suage to the chaplain of the chantry of S. Mary
and S. Laurence for an annual obiit on 26th August.
Godfrey Charles gave a messuage in the Petty Cury,
and about 1503 Elizabeth, his widow, gave seven-
and-a-half acres of land, and two acres of meadow in
Chesterton. Henry Kile, sometime mayor, founded
in 1506 an annual obiit on the day of his death.
Agnes Asshewell in 1506 gave a suit of vestments of
black velvet adorned with white roses, a chalice
weighing 16 oz. a silver and gilt Agnus Dei, a pax
and two cruets silver and gilt. Hugh Chapman,
alderman, in 1520 bequeathed altar-cloths and corporas

S. MARY THE GREAT. 303

cloths, also £4 8s. Od. to the reparations, and Agnes
his widow, in 1536 bequeathed an alb, an altar-cloth,
and 20s. Robert Coope, about 1521 directed his
executors to erect a chapel before S. George, and be-
queathed a silver cup for a chalice. Thomas Powell,
draper, about the same period, bequeathed £24 to this
church. John Whitacres, clerk, in 1538 conveyed
to Gonville hall, lands in Gilden Morden and Steeple
Morden, the master and fellows covenanting with the
churchwardens of this parish, to provide an honest
priest of this college to say mass twice a week in
this church and also on every Sunday and holy
day, help to maintain the service of God, in the
church and choir. (a) Nicholas Elton, in 1546 gave
a booth in Sturbridge fair for an annual obiit.
John Hatcher, M.D., in 1577 gave a clock, which
with dials and other furniture cost him £33 6$. 8d.
and under his will dated 1584 and a subsequent
decree in chancery, forty shillings for repairing the
same is paid yearly, out of the site of the late Austin
friars. William Foxton, alderman, in 1589 estab-
lished a commemorative sermon in this church on the
second Sunday in November yearly. John Crane,
M.A., apothecary, in 1631 gave a folio common prayer-
book and two large silver flagons, and by will in
1652 bequeathed £20 for the use of the senior church-
warden for the time being. Julian Home, widow, in
1636 charged certain houses in this parish with ten
shillings a year for a sermon on the first Sunday after
new year's day, and confirmed a gift of her father,

(a) This is no doubt what is alluded to in the preceding extract from
the inquisition of 1650.

304 S. MARY THE GREAT.

Robert Turner, of twenty shillings a year, for a
sermon in Lent and a distribution to the poor.
John Ranew, alderman, by will dated 1643, gave
forty shillings a year, for an annual sermon and
distribution to the poor. Thomas King, and Thomas
Daye, gave two silver plates in 1680, and the
latter by will dated 1681, gave £160 to buy land,
part of the rent whereof he directed to be given in
coals to the poor. William Worts, esq., by will
in 1709, gave £1500 for erecting galleries in this
church, for the use of the bachelors of arts and
undergraduates, that they might the more decently
and conveniently hear the sermon, he also set aside
an annual sum for the maintenance and repair of
these galleries. Ann Veer, widow, by will in
1734, gave £200 to purchase an estate, the rents
to be given yearly to poor housekeepers. Mary
Munn, by will dated 1796, gave £30 to be in-
vested for an annual distribution to the poor.
Joseph Merrill, in 1805 bequeathed £80 to the
poor. Elizabeth Goodall, by will dated 1809,
gave stock for apprenticing poor children of this
and two other parishes. Charles Bottomley, alder-
man, by will dated 1822, gave £200 to purchase
land, the rents to be distributed yearly to the
poor, sick, and aged.

The tower is a plain substantial structure, 131
feet in height. It was commenced in 1528, and
had advanced so far in 1536 that the great west
window was then glazed. In 1545 some materials
for the tower were obtained from the dissolved
houses of the Black, White, and Austin friars.

S. MARY THE GREAT.

305

It was completed in the period
from 1592 to 1608, under the
care of John Pooley, apothe-
cary, and John Warren. (o)
To defray the cost, collections
were made at and shortly be-
fore that time in the several
colleges, throughout the parish,
and at the commencements.
Amongst the contributors were
Mrs. Margaret Purefoy of Lin-
colnshire ; Dr. Andrew Perne ;

XUVViSU.

Robert Hare, esq. ; Robert

Devereux, earl of Essex ; Mildred lady Burghley ; and
Francis Bacon, solicitor-general (afterwards viscount
S. Albans).

The top of the tower has been improved by
battlements being placed thereon, instead of open

(a) The memory of this individual is commemorated by the following
quaint inscription :—

A speakinge Stone

Reason may chavnce to blame;

But did it knowe
Those Ashes here do lie,
Which brought the Stones
That hid the Steeple's shame.

It would affirme
There were no Reason why,
Stones should not speake
Before theyr Builder die.
For here JOHN WARREN
Sleeps among the Dead;
Who with the Church
His own Life finished.
Anno Domini 1608, Dec. 17.

It was intended to have placed a stone spire or broche of 80 feet in
height on the tower.

VOL. III. T

306 S. MARY THE GREAT.

work of a very incongruous character, and by
removing certain small balls with which the turrets
were surmounted.

The western door-way, an elegant and tasteful
composition, was erected in 1850 from a plan fur-
nished by Greorge Gilbert Scott, esq.(0)

The piers and arches of the nave have very
excellent mouldings, the spandrels being filled with
enriched tracery. The clerestory has a remarkably
fine effect and the oak roof is well designed and
executed.

Over the aisles are capacious galleries for under-
graduates and bachelors of arts. They were erected
in 1739 from the benefaction of Mr. Worts. (6) Above
the entrance to the chancel was another gallery for
the heads of houses, doctors, professors and noble-
men.^5 It was commonly called the throne, and
was first opened in December, 1754, having been
designed by James Burrough, M.A., master of Caius
college. (d] Another gallery for the undergraduates (e}

(a) The former portal in the Italian style was erected in 1576, when
sir Walter Mildmay contributed twenty tons of freestone.

(6) The old stalls in the choir and the screen separating the chancel
from the nave were taken down at this period.

(d) At the same time the floor of the nave was boarded and fitted up
with open benches for the Masters of Arts. This part of the church was
commonly called the pit.

(e) A faculty for erecting the undergraduates' galleries was granted
in 1735. A faculty was obtained 24 July, 17^8, for repairing the pit and
appropriating it to the university. On 20 July, 1819, another faculty was
applied for, but by an oversight was not taken out. A faculty was obtained
15 March, 1842, for confirming certain alterations and additions. The
application for this faculty occasioned protracted and costly litigation (see
Hallack, v. University of Cambridge, Adolphus and Ellis's Reports, 2 ser.
i. 593). The faculty for the recent restorations was granted 31 May, 1862.

S. MARY THE GREAT.

307

CHURCH CHEST.

and bachelors of arts, was built by the university
at the western end of the church in 1819, from
a design by William Wilkins, esq. at a cost of about
£2000. This gallery, the enclosed seats under it,
and the throne were happily removed in 1863.

The roodloft which was richly carved and gilt,
was erected in 1522 by John Nunn of Drinkston,
and Roger Bell of Ashfield in Suffolk, carvers.(a) It
was removed in 1561 at the instance of archbishop
Parker.

The elegant stalls in the chancel and the open seats
in the nave and aisles are entitled to special com-
mendation. They have been recently executed by
Messrs. Rattee and Kett of this town from the designs
of Mr. Scott. w

(a) It appears from the contract dated 30 June, 12 Hen. VIII. to
have been to a great extent formed after the model of one at Gazeley
in Suffolk.

(6) The total cost of the recent alterations, including •wanning ap-
paratus and gas fittings, was nearly £3400, the whole amount being

308 S. MARY THE GREAT.

It is intended shortly to erect a reredos from
Mr. Scott's design. The rev. professor Lightfoot
has generously promised to defray the cost, which
will be considerable.

We understand it is in contemplation to have a
pulpit(a) in harmony with the other fittings.

The organ constructed by the famous Bernard
Schmidt (commonly called Father Smith) was set
up in 1697.

All or most of the windows were originally filled
with stained glass executed by James Nicholson, one
of the glaziers employed at King's college chapel.
The stained glass was taken out in or soon after 1566.
The aisle windows were altered in 1766, when
unfortunately rich perpendicular tracery was replaced
by inferior work.

The ark or church chest of which we give an
engraving is very fine. It is not improbable that
the destroyed woodwork in this church was of similar
excellence.

The font which bears the date of 1632, may
be considered a good and curious specimen of that
period.

raised by subscription -without assistance from the corporate funds of
the university.

(a) A pulpit erected in 1618 is said to have been the gift of William
Atkin, alderman of Lynn, who paid 100 marks for it. His name was, in
1639, inserted in the roll of the benefactors of the university, but it turned
out that the money paid by him was a commutation for a mulct for an
ecclesiastical offence, and therefore, by a grace passed in 1671, his name
was expunged. This pulpit, which is probably now in the church of
Overton Waterville in Huntingdonshire (see F. A. Paley's Notes on
Churches near Peterborough, 59, 60), was superseded in 1739 by one con-
structed by Mr. James Essex.

S. MARY THE GREAT. 309

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS :(a)

In ike church and chancel.

*Rog. Kelke,W D.D. master of Magd. coll. [6 Jan. 1575-6].

Job. Warren/") 17 Dec. 1608.

Tho. Lorkin,(d) M.D. Regius professor of Physic (b. at
Frinsbmy, Kent), 1 May, 1591, ag. 63 [brass],

*Kath. Smythe, wid. of Cha. Smythe, sometime one of the
robes to qu. Eliz., and mother of Will. Smythe, provost of
King's coll. 23 Feb. 1612 [brass].

Mic. Woolf,(e) 5 March, 1614, " vir bonus et probus hospes,"
placed by Bartholomew Woolf [brass].

*Joh. Rudston, esq., 16 Jul., 1616, "unicus Patris sui Filius,
inopinato confossus ab homine quodam nefario, Gualtero Priest
(quern prius periculum] vitae subiturus, in Chirurgi locum sibi
conduxerat)."

Will. Butler, sometime fell, of Clare hall, 29 Jan. 1617,
set 83, " Medicorum omnium quos prasens aetas vidit facile
Princeps."

Eliz. wife of Joh. Wickstede/-^ gent., and dau. of Tho.
Pitchard, esq., 7 cal. Jan. 1616.

(a) Those marked * no longer remain.

We are grieved to find the recent alterations in the interior of this
church by no means satisfactory as regards the memorials of the dead.
The bust of the illustrious physician William Butler remains, but the
decorated arch within which it was placed has been removed, and the
figures of Labour and Rest which were placed on either side are also gone.
The monument of John Crane a munificent benefactor to the university
and town, has been placed so high that the inscription cannot be read
•without extreme difficulty. Many of the flat stones have been wholly,
or to a great extent, covered by seats.

(b) See Aihen. Cantabr. i. 343.

(d) See Athen. Cantabr. ii. 102.

(e) He was landlord of the Rose tavern, and on the brass a rose is
engraved.

(/) Joh. Wickstede an alderman, who served the office of mayor in 1613,
was an attorney and made valuable collections relative to the town, which
are deposited in Downing college library. He eventually became principal
of Bernard's inn, London, and was buried at Landbeach, 5 Jan. 1646-7,
aged 83.

310 8. MARY THE GREAT.

Ann, wife of Job. Scott,(«) notary public, 10 Nov. 1617
[brass].

Job. Crane/6) esq., 26 May, 1652, aet 81, " Medicus et Phar-
macopeus praestantissimus, uptote magni illius Butleri, sui seculi
olim .ZEsculapii, sequax et jEmulus, nee non ejusdeni in sua
Arte haeres atque Successor."

Tbo. Daye/c) gent, 17 May, 1681, aet. 70 ; bis wives Susanna
and Ann.

Tbo. Nicholson, gent., sometime aid., 1682, aet. 47.

*Fran. youngest son of Rob. Scawen of Molinick in Cornwall,
gent., 14 March, 1699.

Isaac Watlington, esq., twice mayor and sometime M.P.,
24 Oct. 1700, jet. 60.

Gerard Herring, ^ woollen draper, 20 July, 1703, ag. 57 ;
Mary, his wife, 7 Apr. 1715, ag. 63 ; Will, his brother, 17 Sept.
1722, ag. 70.

Eliz. Story, 18 Jan, 1727 ; her husband Edw. Story ;W their
son Edw, Story, M.B. fell, of Magd. coll.

Will. Finch, 1731, ag. 64.

Will. Finch, esq., merchant, 28 Jan. 1762.

Job. Mortlock, 25 April, 1777, aet. 67 ; Sarah, his wife, 25
Sept. 1800, ag. 71.

Dorothy, relict of Job. Ward, esq., dau, of Russell Plumptre,
M.D., 24 March, 1793, aet. 53.

Russell Plumptre, M.D. Regius professor of physic, 15 Oct.
1793, ag. 84 ; Frances, bis wife, 7 Jan. 1786, aet. 76.

David Fordham,^ 5 Dec ag. 57.

Peete Musgrave,^) 4 Apr. 1817, aet. 61.

(a) John Scott who was a good herald, and was deputy or marshal for
the county of Cambridge under the great Camden, compiled accounts of the
university and of the several colleges. See Cambridge Portfolio, 161,
162, 236.

(6) See pp. 183, 303.

(d) He was, we believe, grandfather of Tho. Herring, archbishop of
Canterbury.

(e) See p. 175.

(/) A noted horse letter, who had stables near Petty Cury. His portrait
has been engraved.

(g) Mr. Musgrave, who was an opulent woollen-draper, took a prominent

S. MAEY THE GREAT. '311

Cha. Bottomley,W [aid.] 1 May, 1823, ag. 66.

Eliz. dau. of Job. and Sarah Mortlock, d. at Woodbridge,
27 May, 1831, ag. 70; Ann, her sister, d. at Woodbridge, 10
Jan. 1838, ag. 79.

Kev. Hen. Claydon, M.A. 2 son of Cha. and Ann Claydon,
13 March, 1848, ag. 31.

In the old churchyard.

Moses Home, 18 June, 1656.

*Tho. Fowle, sen. [aid.] 1709.

*Will. Dickenson, bookseller, 26 June, 1718, ag. 49.

Tho. Markby, 20 Aug. 1790, ag. 63; Sarah, his wife, 14
Apr. 1787.

Morris Barford, leader of the band of the Cambridge Loyal
Volunteers, 29 Aug. 1798, aet. 37.

Sennett Willimott [solicitor], 17 Jan. 1800, ag. 39 ; Ann,
his wife, 17 Oct. 1827, ag. 56 ; Elizabeth, their dau. 17 Nov.
1819, ag. 21 ; Mary Ann, their dau. an infant.

Joh. Merrill, aid. 17 Oct. 1801, ag. 70 ; Joseph Merrill/6)
his brother, 13 Oct. 1805, ag. 70 ; Mary, dau. of Joh. and Ann
Merrill, 20 Aug. 1791, aet. 18.

Joh. Cooper, solicitor, 28 May, 1814, ag. 56.

Elizabeth Goodall/c) dau. of Tho. and Mary Goodall, and
niece to Dr. Goodall, preb. of Norwich, 29 July, 1814, set. 84.

Sarah, wid. of rev. Tho. Bowman, rector of Martham,
Norfolk, and sister of Eliz. Goodall, 8 May, 1816, aet. 87.

Hen., son of rev. Joh. Clarke of Stavely, Derbysh. 20 Nov.
1829, ag. 25.

part in politics at the close of the last century. He was father of Tho.
Musgrave, archbishop of York, and Cha. Musgrave, D.D. archdeacon
of Craven. These brethren, born in this parish, were fellows of Trinity
college, and went out D.D. in the same year (1837), when they preached
the commencement sermons. It is not probable that both these sermons
ever were before or ever will be again preached by natives of the parish in
which the university church is situate.

(a) See p. 304.

(6) See pp. 151, 163, 170, 183, 304. Joh. and Joseph Merrill were
eminent booksellers.

312 S. MAEY THE GREAT.

Joseph Stuart, many years commoncouncllman, 3 Nov.
1831, ag. 72.

Fred. Markby, [aid.] formerly of Hauxton, b. 10 Jan. 1777,
d. 17 Nov., 1836.

Tho. Markby, esq., LL.B. Trin. hall, b. 13 Aug. 1768,
d. 28 June, 1838.

Sam. Peed [solicitor], 29 Aug. 1838, ag. 53 ; .Ann, his wid.
8 March, 1860, ag. 66 ; Ann Maria, their dau., 1837, ag. 17.

Steph. Thrower [aid.] 14 June, 1843, set. 68.

Tho. Hallack,<°) 21 Feb. 1845, ag. 52 ; Ann, his wife, 26
Dec. 1835, ag. 42.

Tho. Stevenson/*) b, at Kainton co. York, 1 June, 1783,
d. 21 Aug. 1845 ; Miriam, eld. dau. of Tho. Stevenson and Eliz.
his wife, b. 6 Nov. 1809, d. 8 April, 1834.

In the new churchyard,

Dan. Macmillan/") 25 Jan. 1857, ag. 43.
Cha. Orridge [j. P.] 2 Jan. 1858, ag. 73.

The following burials appear in the registers :(rf)

Sir Dodd, B.A. Trin. coll. 9 Jan. 1584.
Mr. Thomas Thomas/") 9 Aug. 1588.

Mr. Rowlye,(/) preacher of the word of God at Chelmsford,
Essex, 9 Apr. 1604.

(a) Mr. Hallack who took an active interest in town affairs, published
several pamphlets of a local and political character.

(6) See p. 279. Mr. Stevenson wrote a good account of Fountain's
abbey, but modestly suppressed his name.

(d) The registers of this parish begin 1559. The earliest book is in
excellent condition, but on its being re-bound the edges were unfortunately
cut so deeply as to mutilate some of the entries.

It is very remarkable that only one marriage is registered from 1642
to 1648.

(e) Tho. Thomas, M.A., who had been a fellow of King's coll. was printer
to the university and author of a latin dictionary. See Athen. Cantab.,
ii. 29, 543.

(/) Ralph Rowlye, rector of Chelmsford. It does not appear when he
became rector. He held the rectory of Alphamstone, Essex, 1593-7.

MABY THE GREAT.

A\ >untess of Pembroke,

06.
A : • ierset} drowned when the king

!)9.

door are the

cary and
:y and i
door was i>

which was a c >£C<

when this porch was taken down,

church- was -f-

ot A.

19 Jan. 1600-1,
of sir Edw. of

--;. of £44. 14 1. There
of eight. The total
.'Ibs. In 1723 a j»al
following year

itftbltabed. It still subsists. Dr. Qualm
f»mm became a member i' -bwd

B 1731 ; and Samuel Roe, afterwards ficar
of btotfold, in 1733, A aociety of a similar character, consi^ing chiefly

*TM t* ooc urn1? • PMJ <H

of tea belb «•> «et up.

i»wbnd|r* Yewth. w
Ma* ruwardiwi

t, the edtebtftted cri

314 S. MARY THE GREAT.

bell is rung daily from 5.45 till 6 A.M. and from 9
to 9.15 P.M.(O) The clock has quarter chimes, com-
posed by the eminent "William Crotch, Mus.D.(6)

Within this parish are the Senate-house, a small
portion of King's college, and the greater part
of the Guildhall and Market hill.

The Market hill was formerly in the shape of
the letter L.

Between the western side of the hill and the
church, was a small street anciently called Well street,
afterwards Pump lane, and more recently Warwick
street.

In the night of 16 Sept. 1849, six houses on
the western side of the hill and on the northern
side of S. Mary's street, were destroyed by an acci-
dental fire.

Under the powers of a special act obtained in
1850, the corporation purchased the sites of the
destroyed houses and all the other adjoining houses,
including the whole of Warwick street.

The site was soon afterwards cleared, and the
market stead as it now appears was laid out in
1855.

of the younger members of the university, is said to have existed in the
reign of Elizabeth. The peal of ten weighed 125 cwt. 21 Ibs. The charge
of casting was £701. 1*. Every master of a college contributed 2 guineas;
about £100 was raised by subscription and the rest of the charge was
borne by the parish. This peal was completed by the ingenious Mr. Richard
Phelps, who died 18 August, 1738. The peal was increased to twelve in
1770, when a new tenoi of 30 cwt. was cast and two additional trebles
were procured by subscription.

(a) An order was made by the vestry 26 Oct. 1663, that the great
bell should be rung at 9 o'clock at night and 5 in the morning.

(6) Chimes were erected in 1671, for which purpose £49. 19s. was
raised by subscription in this and other parishes.

3HEV7IKG

v . 315

T; cost <.»•• triking improvement ex-

lention occurs in

corner of the Mil,

ordinarily made, as

:n time an imposing

.o certain evidence on

. the corporation empow

les to construct a small

i to «»e

ills we

crfM* or Tne viceciia.

c in 1606. was

s time in the bulT ring

shipped the ';•••..
market pla^
ii mad<
. into it.

itinued we are
uesday, 1569, the

.ing a fountain ii
The c -tod in 1855 in lieu of another

316 S. MARY THE GREAT.

built in 1614,(a) stands in the centre of the market
stead. On it are small statues of the following
eminent natives of the town : sir Joh. de Cambridge,
justice of the common pleas ; sir Joh. Cheke ; Tho.
Thirleby, bishop of Ely; Godfrey Goldsborough,
bishop of Gloucester; Tho. Cecil, earl of Exeter;
Orlando Gibbons, MUS.D. ; Tho. Hobson ; Jeremy
Taylor, bishop of Down and Connor; also their
arms and the arms of the university and town;
earl Fitzwilliam, late high steward of the town ;
and Dr. Andrew Perne, dean of Ely and master of
Peterhouse, who first suggested the introduction of
the nine wells water into Cambridge.

The original houses of the Franciscans(4) and
the Friars de Sacco,(c) S. Mary's hostel(d) and the
greater part of Paul's inn(e) were in this parish.

(a) See pp. 182, 183.
(6) See p. 1.

(d) S. Mary's hostel which stood near the north-east corner of the
Senate-house, belonged to Corpus Christi college. The names of the fol-
lowing principals occur: Tho. Forster, 1510; Rob. Child, 1513; Tho.
Arthur, 1518; Rob. Cowper, about 1520; Ric. Hyhert, 1521; Will.
Butts is supposed to have been principal 1524, when he had a lease of this
hostel. Tho. Arthur was a man of some note and ability. Will. Butts
who was afterwards knighted, was the well known physician to Hen. VIII.

This house will be for ever memorable, in consequence of archbishop
Parker having received part of his education therein.

In 1565, S. Mary's hostel is described as in the occupation of Tho.
Pede. It had evidently at that period ceased to be used for academical
purposes.

(e) S. Paul's inn fronted what is now the northern side of Market hill,
but was formerly part of Sheder's or Sherer's lane, subsequently known as
S. Mary's street.

The following principals occur: Rob. Halome, 1504; Ric. Wolman,
1510 ; Thomas Brygg, 1513-1518.

Wolman who became LL.D. and dean of Wells, and had other great
preferment in the church, was a canonist .of distinguished reputation.

S. Paul's inn, which it appears was appropriated to law students, was

S. MARY THE GREAT. 317

The Red Lion,(a) one of the principal inns
in the town is in this parish, within which were
situate, wholly or in part, other inns, once of great
renown, as the Rose tavern, (6) the Angel, (c) the
Devil tavern, (d] the Falcon, (e] and the Tuns tavern.(/)

probably discontinued as a house of learning, in or about 1535. It was
subsequently converted into the Rose tavern, on part of which now stands
Rose crescent.

A portion of S. Paul's inn must have been in S. Michael's.

(a) The Red Lion is the property of the trustees of Story's charity,
having been part of the estate which came to them under the will of Edward
Story the founder. The Unicorn in Petty cury (part of which was about
15 years since added to the Red Lion), occurs in 1676.

(b) The Rose, which was kept for many years by Michael Woolfe and
his son Bartholomew Woolfe, acquired the cant appellation of Woolfe's
college (Thoms's Anecdotes and Traditions, 21). The celebrated Pepys
appears to have been partial to the Rose, and was merry there with his
academical friends on more than one occasion (Pepys's Diary, i. 252, 258,
iv. 218). Cosmo prince of Tuscany put up at the Rose when he visited
the university in May, 1669. An account of the ridiculous conduct of
Richard Laughton, proctor, in dispersing a convivial party of tories at the
Rose in 1710 will be found in Monk's Life of Bentley, i. 286.

The Rose, which occupied the site or part of the site of Paul's inn,
was disused as an inn about 1814. On the yard and back premises the
buildings known as Rose crescent were erected about 1826.

(c) The Angel which we find mentioned in 1649 was probably then
of considerable antiquity. It was a large inn of repute till about a century
since, and stood on the north side of Market hill eastward of the Rose.
Portions of the premises appear to have been in the parishes of S. Michael
and Holy Trinity.

(d) The Devil tavern occupied part of the site of Senate-house yard.
In 1653 it was the post house, and from it in that year started the first
stage coach from Cambridge to London. It is mentioned as of good repute
in 1729 but must have been pulled down very soon after that date.

(«) See p. 217.
(/) See p. 285.

The Black Swan in this parish is an ancient public-house being
mentioned in 1646.

CHURCH OF S. MAKT THE LESS.

S. MARY THE LESS.(a)

THIS church was anciently termed S. Peter's by
Trumpington gates to distinguish it from another
church also dedicated to S. Peter near the Castle.

In 6 Richard I. a jury found that one Langline
who was both patron and incumbent of this church,
gave it " secundum quod tune fuit mos civitatis Can-
tabrigiae" to a relation of his, one Segar, who was
patron and incumbent of it for sixty years and more,
and subsequently gave it to Henry his son, who held
it for sixty years, and gave it by his charter to the
hospital at Cambridge.

(a) See Annals of the Church of S. Mary the Less, Cambridge. A
Paper read before the Cambridge Architectural Society, March 19th, 1857,
by J. W. Clarke, esq., of Trinity College.

S. MARY THE LESS. 319

The hospital referred to was that of S. John the
evangelist, to which house this church was appro-
priated by Eustace bishop of Ely who came to that
see in 1197.

We have already'"1 related the circumstances under
which it was subsequently transferred from the master
and brethren of S. John's hospital to the master and
scholars of S. Peter's college.

S. Peter ad Portam was valued at 6 marks in 1254
and in the ecclesiastical taxation made in or about
1291 by authority of pope Nicholas IV. it is rated at
£7. and the scholars of the bishop of Ely as rectors
of this church for tithes in Grantchester sixpence.

The church was old and ruinous in 1340 when
Nicholas de Wisbech had a licence to celebrate divine
offices within the walls of S. Peter's college, and in
1350 the chancel fell to the ground.

A new church was forthwith erected. It was
dedicated to the honour of Blessed Mary ever virgin(6)
by Thomas de Insula bishop of Ely on Saturday next
after the feast of All Saints, 1352.

Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, 31 Dec. 1385,
changed the festival of the dedication of the church
from the morrow of All Souls' day to 1 1 July.

In the ecclesiastical valuation made under the act
of 1534 the chantry in this church was taxed at

(a) Vol. i. p. 4, Vol. ii. pp. 59, 62.

(b) Thenceforward the church was properly called S. Mary without
Trumpington Gates, or S. Mary the Less, to distinguish it from the other
church of S. Mary, which was called S. Mary by the market or S. Mary the
Great.

As an instance of the time it takes to carry out changes of this nature it
may be mentioned that in a deed dated 1394, the parish is called S. Peter
without Trumpington gates.

320 S. MARY THE LESS.

£2. 5s. 2^d.(a} The rectory being appropriated to
Peterhouse was included in the valuation of the
possessions of that college. (6)

We have not found mention of any other gild in
this church than that of S. Mary.

This church was used by the society of Peterhouse
for the performance of their divine service until the
erection of the college chapel in 1632.{c)

About 1637, Peter Gunning, fellow of Clare hall,
afterwards bishop of Ely, was the minister of this
parish.

William Dowsing, who visited this church 29 and
30 Dec. 1643, says:

We brake down 60 Superstitious Pictures, Some Popes &
Crucyfyxes, & God the father sitting in a chayer & holding a
Glasse in his hand.

The inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before com-
missioners for providing maintenance for preaching
ministers, contains these passages :

The parishe of S. Marye the Lesse is an Impropriacion and
Peterhowse Colledge receave the Tythes both of the Parsonage

(a) In 1553 a pension of 80s. was paid to Leonard Pollard late incum-
bent of this chantry then dissolved.

He was sometime fellow of Peterhouse and vicar of this parish,
subsequently becoming a senior fellow of S. John's and canon of Worcester
and Peterborough. He was the author of five homilies edited and corrected
by bishop Bonner, and published in 1556 (see Athen. Cantab, i. 15}7, 546).

(b) In 1403 the bursar of Peterhouse received 6s. 8d. of the abbat of
Newbow for the tithes of his lecture in the common law school by reason
he resided in this parish, and in 1466 John Leystoft, vicar of S. Stephen's,
Norwich, read divinity lectures, and because he resided in this parish paid
the tithes of them to the bursar. The college also received tithes of fish
taken in the mill dam in this parish.

It seems that in 37 Hen. VIII. the rectory was let by the college on
lease for £10. 9s. 8d. per annum. — University and Coll. Documents, i. 113.

THE LESS.
i.*y «re worth Searenteen pounds per

t S. Mary the
Js, the latter " being the

S. MAST THE LESS.

on the north being founded by Dr. Thomas Lane,
and that on the south by Dr. John Warkworth.
The entrances to these chapels were brought to light
in the course of recent alterations.

The vestry was, it seems, formerly the chapel of
S. Mary. The notion long entertained that it was
Warkworth's chantry chapel appears to be erroneous.

There is a handsome octagonal font of third
pointed work. On six of the sides are the arms
in colours of the city of London (repeated), the
bishopric of Ely, the university of Cambridge, 8.
Peter's college, and the town of Cambridge. The arms
of Pembroke hafl were also formerly on this font.

In the midst of the chancel was a stone haying
a brass plate with an effigy and inscription. The
effigy was removed long since, but from part of
the inscription remaining in 1724, it appears to have
been the tomb of John Holbrooke, sometime master
of Peterhouse, chancellor of the university, chaplain
to Henry VI. and a irMijlumifiJMMi of high repute.
He died in June, 1446.

John Edmunds, D.D. master of Peterhouse, five
times viceehanceflor of the university and chancellor
of the church of Saram, who died in 1544, was
buried in this church.

IXSCKIPTIOSIS

Jm. Ae dbereft

*Tho. SwrthwdL, felL Pemb. hall, 19 Apr. 1605. Raced by
Ms ftknd Tbeoph. Field/" fefl. of same coIL

{«) Tho«e Marked * are •» luuftii *Mhte.

Ix is Batter of regret that BotaBe of the •wonmento wiikli were in the
rlmirh Md itaiitjHilThra •! u ji illij Fi iiiiiilTlia^ifliliBlTil.rMnn-n-
besea. neyiaie bee* rantrned a- are eaiieealed aider the bcMided floor.

["in i Ji 1-1 | TTl Iff I fcTnilnlj iifTTni ..... fi 1

ft. m»T TUB

*M^ S.L-I-? >' ., ; :,::. I-:,:-. , i •.:' Hir:-.-
ca^gxcatgnwiuifff £d«i^ abpu ofT«^k.l9
d. 19 XOT. 1676.

M Doe. 1C87, cL 19.

*3wkT wid. of Bdbu Bake of G—bu go*. dm. rf Ja,

ant, eaq. ±2 \OT. 171*T
If Mar. 1C95, act. 4S.

"it

i TTi ...... in »»^ Plat fcJ,nFil

Her. Godfr. TTiil^liia «f Talatti, ••. of tOn

BdL cntt. k 96 J%, 1ST®, i 28 8^1. 1739.
Mnj Law, wife of Edm. law, hp. of Cadb
SLPet. ealL^bu 19 Mat 11^, d. iMar. 17G2, a»i 4

1758; Marj, wife of irr. Ja, So^A_ Lw*i»gt«, k 27 Ape.
O. & 174% i 24 J«L 1TC8; £bx. b. 1 Maj, a & 174% <L
5 Fdbu 1767; Ouktua, K 14 Mac. O. S. 1753, d. 11 J»g.
1773 ; Capt. Efar. Ontia, bu 1725, i 175$ ; BonOgf dnbn,
bt 1737, d. 1758.

WiD. EJboraeT befikr of Petnboc 27 Jm»er 17T2, ag. C2,
oected ty the colL; SaraJ^ Us wife, IS Ayr. 1790, ag. 64.

Ho. Hide, avnfaa^ 23 May, 1777, ag. 35.

Sam. ra»lnt 12 JdL ITSSy ag. 65; LjdEa, lit wMe^ 3 Apr.
1793, ag. 53.

Maq^GMfeRorifevkk, dam. of Pet. Bortkwidk «T Je&
ad Mug. kk wife7 25 Oct. 1899, at. 2.

Jofc. Ja. Ibbotaon, stod. PetokiK pr^. id. Jan. 1331, aL t2.
wife of Jak. Banks HoDbgwatlk, COJL finofy

on. of

ho«5eT Wore. 24 Mar. 1831r ag. 52.

Jok Ja. Hopvood, caq. irtnd. & PriL cdL 11 Ja&. IS^ag. 23.
(*J Hi 1mm JM mil IIIIMI Hjiitoj rf Oalili U rtfci fti

;•:•=- -- - ^- --:- :.: .: -__

(i)
£ed 1$ Itee. 1853.

324 S. MARY THE LESS.

Job. Rickard Barker, M.A. bar.-at-law, judge of court of
pleas of bor. of Cambr. 29 Jan. 1843, ag. 43 ; his motber Eliz.
wife of rev. Ja. [Rickard] Barker, M.A. dau. of rev. Hen.
Turner, B.D. vie. of Burwell, 14 Apr. 1847, ag. 71.

Agnes, dau. of Gilb. Ainslie, D.D. mast. Pemb. coll. and
Emily, his wife, b. 24 Jan. 1836, d. 17 Apr. 1844 ; Montague
their eld. son, b. 11 Apr. 1834, d. 18 Oct. 1852, bur. at Alver-
stoke, Hants.

Rev. Ja. [Rickard] Barker, M.A. [Trin. coll.] vie. of Westley,
Cambsh. J. P. for Cambsh. and Suffolk, 1 Jul. 1850, ait. 76.

In the old churchyard.

*Marg. wife of Geo. Grumbold, 1 Mar. 1707, and 3 sons
and 3 dau. 1695.

" Six harmless Babes, that only came and cried,
In Baptism to be wash't from Sin, and died."

Will. Joh. Hopkins, son of Will. Hopkins, esq. [M.A.]
S. Pet. coll. 10 Aug. 1837, ag. 18.

Ric. Comings, 23 Mar. 1838, set. 68 ; Ann, his wid. 31 Jan.
1852, aBt. 71.

Will. Hen. Tapson, S. Pet. coll. youngest son of Joh.
Tapson, esq. of London, 15 Jan. 1842, ag. 21.

Sarah, dau. of Josiah and Mary Brewer, wife of rev. Joh.
Harrison, B.A. Qu. coll. d. at Chatteris, 3 Mar. 1842, ag. 57.

Sam. Prest, ... Jul. 1846.

Rev. Tho. Chubb Howes, M.A. [Trin. coll.] b. 23 Feb. 1814,
d. 18 Aug. 1846.

Horace, son of rev. Percival Frost and Jennett, his wife,
b. 14 Nov. 1843, d. 5 Feb. 1847.

Will. Key Ridgway, 33 years curator of Fitzwilliam museum,
1 Aug. 1852, ag. 73 ; Cath. his wife, 11 Apr. 1844, ag. 65.

In the new churchyard.

Louisa Lewis, dau. of rev. Joh. Lewis, M.A. vie. of Ingate-
stone and Rivenhall, Essex, 16 Feb. 1850.

Edw. Joh. Aug. Glover, b. 23 Oct. 1789, d. 15 June, 1850.

Edw. Fawcett, 6 Aug. 1850, ag. 47.

Will. Joh. Steel, B.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. b. at Strennorld
co. Donegal, 16 Sept. 1831, d. 11 Mar. 1855.

S. MAEY THE LESS. 325

Hermann Bernard, M.A. Phil. Doct. of the Univ. of Giessen
in Hesse Darmstadt, many years teacher in the univ. of Camb.
15 Nov. 1857, ag. 72.

Dav. King [coroner], 7 May, 1858, ag. 44.

Eev. Cha. Peers, M.A. incumb. of Walsham le Willows,
Suff. 28 Nov. 1858, ag. 47.

Aug. Grafton, It.-col. Bombay army, 17 Apr. 1860.

Geo. Leapingwell, esq. LL.D. 24 Dec. 1863.

The following interments appear in the registers :

Joh. Newell/0) priest [fell. Pemb. hall], d. 6 May, 1558.
Joh. Atkinson/6) priest, M.A. fell. Peterho. d. 23 Nov. 1558.
Ant. Mayhew,M M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, d. 19 Oct. 1558, bur.
21st south of the pulpit.

Tho. Dixie/1*) B.D. 25 Sept. 1585.

Will. Curie, schol. Peterho. 11 Feb. 1586-7.

Bob. Cooke/6) fell. Pemb. hall, 26 Mar. 1590.

Mr. Hobbes, fell. com. Pemb. hall, 14 Mar. 1590-1.

Sir Gray,f> B.A. schol. Pemb. hall, 20 May, 1595.

Mr. Wattes, M.A. schol. Pemb. hall, 14 Aug. 1595.

Will. Brown, schol. Peterho. 27 Sept. 1599.

Sam. Mathew, son of Toby, bp. of Durham, 17 Jan. 1601-2.

Edw. Pickard, schol. Pemb. hall, 20 Mar. 1601-2.

Eltonhead, schol. Peterho. 24 Dec. 1603.

Joh. Joanes,^) M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 26 Apr. 1605.

Geo. Fletcher, schol. Peterho. 10 Oct. 1608.

Eob. Some/*) D.D. mast. Peterho. 10 Feb. 1608-9.

Tho. Hills, B.A. Pemb. hall, 13 June, 1610.

(a) A native of London, B.A. 1555-6.
(6) B.A. 1547-8, M.A. 1555.

(c) Ant Mayhew who had been an exile for religion in the reign of
queen Mary is said to have been one of the principal translators of the
Geneva Bible published soon after his death. — See Athen. Cantab, i. 198.

(d) Tho. Dixie of Peterho B.A. 1573-4, M.A. 1577, B.D. 1685.

(e) B.A. 1584-5, fell. 27 June, 1588, M.A. 1588.
(/) Tho. Gray, B.A. 1593-4.

(g) B.A. 1596-7. fell. 9 Oct. 1598, M.A. 1600.

(A) Dr. Some who had been a scholar of S. John's and a fellow of
Queens', died in his fourth vicechancellorship. See Athen. Cantab, i. 510.
It seems probable that the date of his interment in the register is erroneous.

326 S. MARY THE LESS.

Ds Holland, schol. Pemb. hall, 24 Jul. 1615.

Ds Upsheir, Peterho. 2 Feb. 1615-16.

Andr. Perne, 6 Jul. 1616.

John Brookes of Peterho. 19 Aug. 1617.

Tho. Turner, D.D. mast. Peterho. 18 Oct. 1617.

Mrs. Lynne, wife of Mr. Dr. Lynne/0) 7 Jul. 1618.

Joh. Lawrence, B.A. Peterho. 10 Dec. 1621.

Joh. Stanley, schol. Peterho. 3 Nov. 1622.

Joh. Durrant/6) aid. 18 Jul. 1624.

Sir Cutherne, schol. Trin. coll. 3 May, 1621.

Alice, wife to Dr. Palmer, 2 Jan. 1629-30.

Tho. son of Tho. Hobson, 4 May, 1638.

Eliz.wife of Will. Harris, minister of this parish, 19 Jan.1638-9.

Kob. Blackstone, stud. Peterho. 7 Sept. 1639.

Sir Milse/c) B.A. (south side of chancel) 9 Dec. 1642.

Sam. Lensie, B.A. 14 Mar. 1643-4.

Mat. Hanscombe, M.A. fell. Peterho. (on north side as you
go into the chapel) 19 Mar. 1643-4.

A soldier under capt. Southcott, 28 Feb. 1644-5.

Mr. Florence Cartye, a minister in Ireland, 9 Apr. 1646.

Sam. Shippe, stud. Pemb. hall, 6 Aug. 1647.

Mr. Palmer, W master of Queens' coll. d. 14 Aug. 1647.

Joh. Calco, stud. Peterho. (in the chancel) 14 Apr. 1649.

Will. Cooke, stud. Pemb. hall, 14 July, 1653.

James Clifford/6) fell. Pemb. hall, (in coll. chapel) 20 Jul. 1657.

Tho. Knowles, stud. Pemb. hall, d. 16, bur. 17 Mar. 1661-2.

Hugh Braume, d. 14 Apr. 1662, bur. 16 in Pembr. chapel.

Bern. Hale, D.D. master Peterho. d. 29 Mar. 1663, bur.
30th in Peterho. chapel.

Gabr. Clarke, fell. Peterho. and min. of this parish, 11
Dec. 1 663, in the chancel.

(d) Marmaduke Lynne of Trin. hall, LL.D. 1618.

(6) It appears from the corporation books that Aid. Durrant who
served the office of Mayor in 1618-19, was executed for murder.

(d) Herbert Palmer of S. John's, B.A. 1618-19, M.A. 1622, B.D. 1631,
became president of Queens' college in 1644, on the ejection of Dr. Edward
Martin.

(e) Of Warwickshire, B.A. 1651-2, fell. 1 Jul. 1652.

S. MARY THE LESS. 327

Edw. Sterne, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, d. 4 Jan. 1663-4, bur.
5th in Pemb. hall chapel.

Ealph Crockford, B.A. fell. Peterho. 13 May, 1665.

Joh. Francius, M.D. fell. Peterho. d. 11 June, 1665, bur. 12th.

Theoph. Danckes, B.A. of Jes. coll. (son of Joh.) d. 25 Dec.
1666, bur. 26th.

Alex. Greene, B.A. of Peterho. d. 11 Mar. 1666-7, bur. 12th.

Matth. Wren, bp. of Ely, 11 May, 1667, in the vault joined
to Pembr. hall.

Will. Quarles, fell. Pemb. hall, in the new chapel, 15 Mar.
1671-2.

Matth.Wren, in the vault in Pemb. hall chapel, 22 June, 1672.

Joh. Peters, in Pemb. hall chapel cloisters, 7 Jul. 1672.

Tho. Swinbourne, schol. Pemb. hall, in their chapel, 23 Jan.
1673-4.

Anne, dau. of Dr. Joseph Beaumont, 15 Apr. 1674.

Sam. Bale/0) fell. Pemb. hall, in their chapel, 19 Aug. 1674.

Will. Sammes, fell. Peterho. 13 Apr. 1676.

Tho. Richardson, B.A. Peterho. 15 Dec. 1677.

Hen. Holder, M.A. sen. fell. Peterho. 17 Dec. 1677.

Ja. Hawkey, schol. Pemb. hall, 26 Mar. 1681.

Geo. Wilson, schol. Pemb. hall, 16 Apr. 1681.

Will. Evers, schol. Pemb. hall, 2 Feb. 1681-2.

Joh. Gulliver, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 14 Apr. 1683.

Joh. Glanville, M.A. fell. Peterho. 30 May, 1683.

Hen. Ardern, M.A. fell. Peterho. 23 Dec. 1683.

Hen. Hawkey, B.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 23 Aug. 1684.

Will. Beaumont, M.A. Peterho. 3 Oct. 1686.

Will. Moses/*) esq., in the vault belonging to Pembroke
hall, 13 Nov. 1688.

Ben. Kean, B.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 30 Nov. 1688.

Will. Dickenson, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 17 June, 1690.

Will. Meade, schol. Peterho. 25 June, 1690.

Geo. Mapletoft, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 5 Aug. 1693.

Nath. Coga, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, 7 May, 1694.

(a) A native of Canterbury and vicar of Great S. Andrew's in this town.

(6) William Moses was fellow of Pembroke hall, 1644, and master
1655-60. He became a serjeant at law and was a considerable benefactor to
the college.

328 S. MARY THE LESS.

Job. Quarme, schol. Pemb. hall, 13 Oct. 1694.

Ric. Green, M.A. Pemb. ball chapel, 18 May, 1697.

Ric. Blyth, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 3 Aug. 1698.

Hen. Briggs, M.A. fell. Peterho. 12 May, 1699.

Will. Banckes/") M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 10 Jul. 1699.

Joseph Beaumont, D.D. Regius prof. Div. mast. Peterho.

1 Dec. 1699.

Randolph Tutte, schol. Peterho. 8 Apr. 1700.

Job. Yesey, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 3 Dec. 1700.

Ric. Robin Humphreys, schol. Pemb. hall, 14 Apr. 1702.

Tho. Crowch, M.A. pres. Pemb. hall, 10 May, 1703.

Edw. Feast, M.A. pres. Pemb. hall, 29 Jan. 1703-4.

Tho.Gardiner, M.A. barrister- at-law, fell. Peterho.6 Mar.1703-4.

Tho. Parlett, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, 13 Feb. 1704-5.

Tho. Browne, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, d. in London 9 Mar.
1706-7, bur. 13th in the vault belonging to Pemb. hall.

Sam. Bale, M.A. fell. Peterho. rect. of Elton, Hunts. 10 May,
1708, set. 65.

Job. Tonkin, schol. Pemb. hall, in coll. cloister, 10 June, 1710.

Ric. Gate, schol. Pemb. hall, in their cloister, 12 Jul. 1710.

Job. Rant, B.A. Pemb. hall cloister, 13 Apr. 1711.

Edm. Scrivener, schol. Pemb. hall, cloister, 14 Apr. 1711.

Harbord Rous, B.A. Pemb. hall, ante-chapel, 6 May, 1711.

Will. Fownes, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 20 May, 1713.

Tho. Boulton, schol. Pemb. hall, in their cloister, 20 Dec. 1714.

Ralph Witty, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 14 June, 1717.

Cha. Tremayne, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in coll. ante-chapel,

2 Aug. 1718.

Gilman Wall, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in cloister, 18 Jul. 1722.
Job. Williamson, schol. Peterho. 2 Mar. 1724-5.
Cha. Beaumont, D.D. late fell. S. Peter's, in ante-chapel
next to his father's grave, 17 Mar. 1726-7.

Cha. Robinson, schol. S. Peter's, 11 Aug. 1727.

Cha. Slade, schol. Pemb. hall, in cloister, 10 Jan. 1727-8.

Job. Chibnall, schol. Pemb. hall, 5 Mar. 1730-1.

(a) Mr. Banckes originally of Trin. coll. was engaged some time before
his death in preparing an edition of Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius and Gallus
for the university press.

S. MARY THE LESS. 329

Tho. Richardson, D.D. master S. Peter's, in ante-chapel of
coll. 2 Aug. 1733.

Kev. Will. Goodall, M.A. fell. S. Peter's, 18 Aug. 1734.

Ric. Crossinge, B.D. pres. Pemb. hall, in ante-chapel, 17
Feb. 1734-5.

Ja. Jeffery, M.A. fell. Pemb. hall, in ante-chapel, 6 May, 1734.

Jonas Goddard, schol. S. Peter's, 25 June, 1735.

Cha. Brackley, schol. Pemb. hall, 10 June, 1740.

Fra. Powlett, schol. S. Peter's, 10 Dec. 1742.

Val. Eitz,W 3 Jan. 1744-5.

Joh. Whalley, D.D. Regius prof. Div. mast. S. Pet. coll.
in coll. ante-chapel, 17 Dec. 1748.

Rev. Fra. Nicholson, M.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. 26 Jul. 1759.

Joseph Tiffin, schol. S. Pet. coll. 15 Dec. 1783.

Ja. Brown, D.D. mast. Pemb. hall, in chapel, 5 Oct. 1784.

Fra. Dawes, M.A. sen. fell. S. Pet. coll. 2 Oct. 1789.

Joseph Girdler, M.A. d. 12 May, 1809, ag. 71, bur. in ante-
chapel Pemb. hall 18th.

Tho. Pearne, M.A. fell. S. Pet. coll. 4 Dec. 1827.

Fra. Barnes, D.D. mast. S. Pet. coll. 7 May, 1832.

Tho. Veasey, B.D. fell. S. Pet. coll. 28 Apr. 1839.

Will. Hodgson, D.D. mast. S. Pet. coU. 22 Oct. 1847.

On the outside of the church at the east end
are three niches, in which it is said were formerly
placed images of our Saviour, the Blessed Virgin
and S. Peter, but the centre niche is of small dimen-
sions, so that it could hardly have had a statue.

At the north-west angle of the church is a low
mean tower, having only one bell thus inscribed :
XQIT sono am'mabtts movtuovum scti TJtbenttum,

The church is being gradually restored under
the superintendence of George Gilbert Scott, esq.
The roof has been re-constructed, as have also several
of the windows on the north side.

(a) He was a german but lived in Cambridge about fifty years and was
a painter of some excellency.

S. MARY THE LESS.

In ancient times the university annually cele-
brated solemn service in this church, in commemo-
ration of Hugh de Balsham, bishop of Ely, the
founder of Peterhouse. (a) William Cavendish, master
of Peterhouse, gave two cloths for the altar of
tapestry work, with trees and leopards. Robert de
Comberton about 1324, endowed a chantry in this
church. Thomas de Castro Bernardi, master of
Peterhouse, 1400-18, gave a vestment of cloth of gold
with orfrays of blue velvet. The executors of John
Holbrooke, sometime master of Peterhouse, for a per-
petual memorial of his soul, caused to be made a
pavement for the choir, with desks of the lower rows.
Mr. Bomsted, formerly fellow of Peterhouse, in 1455
gave a chasuble of scarlet velvet with an alb and
amice. Thomas Lane, D.D. master of Peterhouse,
1439-73, gave service books and vestments, and built
a chapel on the north side of the church for the
celebration of service for his soul and the souls of his
relatives.(6) Alice Boice, by will, in 1471 directed
a house to be sold, the proceeds to be distributed
in works of piety, particularly in a celebration for
four years for her soul and the souls of others named
by her. She also gave 10 marks to the repara-
tions, 20s. for wax and torches for the use of the
church, 5 marks for mending the chalice, 5 marks
for mending the vestments, 40s. for repairing the

(a) See vol. I. p. 2.

(6) On 4 May, 1445, two altars were consecrated in the nave by the
suffragan of Lewis de Luxeraburgh, bishop of Ely. That to the north in
honour of S. Mary Magdalen and S. Margaret. That to the south in
honour of S. John the evangelist. The altar of Lane's chantry was also
consecrated in honour of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin and S.
Margaret.

S. MARY THE LESS. 331

highways, and 12d. to every poor person in the
parish. Thomas Sympson, in 1496, gave the house
in which he dwelt at Newnham, on condition the
churchwardens kept an annual obiit for the souls
of himself and his wife, and his parents Henry
Sympson and Agnes his wife. John Warkworth, D.D.
master of Peterhouse, who died in 1500, in his life-
time built a chapel on the south side of the church, (a)
he also gave service books, benches, and four staffs
of silver gilt for the rectors of the choir. William
Kentte, jun. clerk, about 1502 gave 13s. 4c?. a year
to the poor. Nicholas Grene, burgess and brewer,
by will 1503, gave 26s. 8d. a year to the corporation
for an obiit in this church. Henry Horneby, D.D.
master of Peterhouse, who died 12 Feb. 1517-18,
founded a chantry in this church, which was fur-
nished with rich plate and vestments. (6) John
Chapman, alderman, by will 1549, made provision
for an obiit to be kept yearly in this church by
the mayor and corporation. William Ramsey gave
6s. 8d. a-year to the poor. Andrew Perne, D.D.

(a) "Warkworth's chapel was consecrated gratis by Job. Alcock, bishop
of Ely, 12 Oct. 1487, in honour of S. Etheldreda, S. Leonard, S. John the
evangelist and All Saints. At the same time he granted 40 days indulgence
to all who should say in the said chapel the mass of S. Mary with the gospel
Stabat juxta crucem. This indulgence was afterwards extended to the
hearers. A brief memoir of Dr. Warkworth is given in Athen. Cantdbr.
I. 4, 519.

(b) With respect to Dr. Horneby's chapel Mr. Clarke observes : " no
traces remain of any such structure on the exterior ; nor does it clearly
appear where it could have been placed. The walls north and south were
already occupied. I therefore conclude that it was within the church,
railed off perhaps with parcloses of wood," Mr. Clarke gives from S. Peter's
college register an inventory with this title : — " Pertinencia capellse Magis-
tro Horneby in cimiterio sanctse Maria? extra Trumpington Gates." Dr.
Horneby is noticed in Athen. Cantabr. I. 19, 525.

332 S. MARY THE LESS.

dean of Ely and master of Peterhouse, who died
1586, gave by will 10s. yearly for a sermon in this
church, with 20s. to be bestowed on a drinking in
Peterhouse parlour after the sermon. (a) William
Scot, alderman, gave 5s. per annum to the poor.
William Beamond, maltster, in 1590 gave a rent
charge of 3s. 4<7. payable out of the Catharine
Wheel to a learned preacher, to preach to the edifica-
tion of the people that man is justified by faith only
in the merits of Jesus Christ. Mrs. Alice Palmer
in 1629 gave a silver flagon and chalice. John
Westfield,(6) M.A. feUow of Pembroke hall, in 1684
conveyed lands upon trust, to apply the rents in
apprenticing poor children of this parish. Thomas
Richardson, D.D. master of Peterhouse, in 1715 settled
a rent charge of 40s. for a sermon on Grood Friday.
Elizabeth Browne, daughter of Dr. Thomas Browne,
master of Pembroke hall, gave a silver plate and
cup to administer to the sick at their houses. The
rev. Francis Gisborne, M.A. sometime fellow of S.
Peter's college, who died 29 July, 1821, gave by

(a) Cole says: "A commemorative sermon in memory of y6 famous
Dr. Andrew Perne, Master of S. Peter's College, and Dean of Ely, is
preach'd here in ye afternoon of ye Sunday before May Day, at wch ye Vice-
Chancellor and heads of Colleges after having dined at ye aforesaid College,
are present, as also ye rest of ye University." Carter gives this account of
the sermon: " To this church every year in the afternoon of the Sunday
next after April the 26th, the body of the University repair to hear a Sermon
(called Mr. Perne's Sermon) ; after which is over, the heads are treated by
Peter-house College with a cool tankard, and had formerly flowers strewed
before them, from the church-gate to the church-door." (Hist, of Cam,"
Iridgeshire 40.)

(6) Mr. Westfield a native of Bedfordshire became fellow of Pembroke
hall, 1667, but his conscience not suffering him to take the abjuration oath
he left the college in 1702. He died 4 Mar. 1704-5. It seems he was not
in orders.

S. MARY THE LESS. 333

will £150. upon trust, to apply the interest every
Christmas in the purchase of stout Yorkshire woollen
cloth and flannel for coats, to be distributed amongst
the most indigent men and women of the parish.

S. Peter's college and the Fitzwilliam museum
with portions of Pembroke and Downing colleges are
in this parish.

The Carmelite friars had their house at Newnham
(probably in the part of that hamlet which is
within this parish) from about 1249 to about 1290,
when they removed into the parish of S. John
baptist ;(0) and in this parish were the house and chapel
of S. Edmund commonly called the White canons, (6)

(a) See p. 283.

(6) The chapel of S. Edmund was in 1278 in the patronage of Luke de
Saint Edmund by hereditary right.

In 1290, Cecilia, daughter of "Walter the son of William de Saint
Edmund, obtained the royal licence to give to the master and brethren of
the order of Sempringham, the advowson of the chapel of S. Edmund.

The canons of that order, sometimes termed Gilbertines but more usually
•white canons, settled in the same or the following year at this chapel, where
they continued under the government of a prior until the general dissolution
of monastic establishments in the reign of Henry VIII.

They greatly applied themselves to literature and academical disputations.

In 1312 the prior was charged to a tallage 14s. 4d. for his moveables and
rents and in 1340 his moveable property was assessed at £8.

The house was visited by archbishop Arundel, 17 Sept. 1401.

In 1483 the prior paid the bailiffs of the town for hagabul, 14s. 7|c?. per
annum.

The town in 1499 paid him 40s. for his robe and having his friendship,
and in 1501 the treasurers paid IQd. for a flagon of red wine and a pottle of
sweet wine given to him.

About 1534 the priory was rated at £14. 18*. 8|rf. for first fruits and
tenths.

The corporation obtained a grant of some of the lands of this house in
or about 1553.

The site and other lands were granted by queen Elizabeth to John
Dodington and John Jackson, 8 April, in the second year of her reign.

William Gay ton occurs as prior in 1497 and Roger Felton in 1508.

334

S. MARY THE LESS.

the house of the friars of Bethlehem, (fl) the house of
the friars of the penitence of Jesus Christ commonly
called friars of the sack,(6) S. Edward's hostel, (c)
Paternoster hostel/ d) S. Thomas's hostel, (e) and Uni-
versity hostel, w

The hamlet of Newnham is partly in this parish
and partly in S. Botolph's.(j7)

(a) The friars of Bethlehem settled in Trumpington street in 1257 and
remained there till the suppression of their order in 1307. There was no
other house of the order in England.

(6) See vol. L, p. 6.

(c) "St. Edward's Hostel, against Little St. Mary's where lately a
victualling house, called the Chopping Knife." — Fuller.

(d) This hostel which had belonged to John Paternoster is mentioned in
deeds 23 Edw. I. and 8 Edw. III. as being without Trumpington gate in
the parish of S. Peter.

(e) Thomas de Kymberle, burgess and butcher, on "Wednesday after
S. Matthew the apostle 20 Edw. III. [1346] granted to Beatrice Coulynge
her heirs and assigns, this hostel by the description of a messuage with the
appurtenances as it lay in the parish of S. Peter of Cambridge without
Trumpington gates between the messuage of William de "Whyats of the one
part and the messuage of Robert de Codenham of the other part abutting
at one head on the king's way and at the other on land of Margaret
Godeman.

It was soon afterwards purchased by the foundress of Pembroke hall,
who annexed it thereto.

Thomas Goldesburgh 10 Aug. 34 Hen. VIH. [1542] conveyed to
Nicholas Aunger and Elizabeth his wife a messuage in this parish between
the tenement lately called S. Thomas's hostel on the north and the tenement
pertaining to the chantry of Blessed Mary the Virgin in the churchyard of
Blessed Mary the Virgin on the south part, one head abutting on the king's
way towards the west and the other upon the field called S. Thomas's Leys
against the east.

(/) This hostel was conveyed by William de Horwood and Simon de
Sleford to John de Wystowe and Mary his wife on Friday after S. Michael
25 Edw. HI. It was soon afterwards annexed to Pembroke hall.

(g) In the Court of Pleas for the town of Cambridge in 1294 Lionel
Dunig avowed in replevin for rent due from a person who held of him
by homage fealty and suit at his court of Newnham from 3 weeks to 3 weeks
and Guy master of S. John's hospital avowed for rent of a different amount
due from the same person whom he alleged held of him by homage fealty
and suit at his court of Newnham from 3 weeks to 3 weeks.

S. MARY THE LESS. 335

Within this parish but extending into others and
even into portions of the county was the manor of
Cotton alias Cayles.(o)

The manor of Newnham also called Mortimer's belonged anciently to the
Mortimer family.

Under a settlement made in 1402 in pursuance of the will of sir Robert
de Mortimer this manor came to Cecily daughter and coheiress of his son
sir Thomas de Mortimer of Attleborough.

She married first sir John de Herling, knt., and secondly John Radcliffe,
esq. who held this manor of the king in burgage remainder to sir Robert de
Herling remainder to Anne his daughter and heiress then wife of sir "William
Chamberlain.

Sir Robert de Herling was slain at Paris in 1435.

His daughter Anne after the death of her first husband sir William
Chamberlain, KG., which occurred about 1462 because successively the wife
of sir John Wingfield and John lord Scrope of Bolton whom she survived.

In 1474 this manor was settled by sir Robert Wingfield and his wife on
Edward, bishop of Carlisle, sir John Wingfield, sir John Heveningham, sir
Henry Grey, Edward Bokenham, Hen. Spelman, William Berdwell, jun.
Thomas Chamberlain and others as trustees.

Lady Scrope who died at a great age in 1498, gave the manor to
Gonville hall.

On 17 March, 1501-2, the mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses gave license to
Thomas Fincham and Robert Wingfield, esquires, to grant and assign to the
master and fellows of Gonville hall the manor of Newnham, with all its
appurtenances, and a water mill called Newnham water mill with a close to
the same mill adjoining, a close called Newnham close and 99 acres of land
in the town and fields of Cambridge, holden of the mayor, &c. in burgage,
saving to the mayor, &c. the rents and services, suit of court and view
of frankpledge, aids, watches, fines &c.

Gonville hall leased the manor to the corporation for 99 years from
Michaelmas, 1507. It is said that thereby the college lost almost all their
guit rents, a sheepwalk, free bull and boar, and about four acres of land by
changing doles and bounds and by altering the names of the houses and
tenements belonging to the manor.

The corporation obtained a mandatory letter from James I. to Caius
college for the renewal of the lease, but on the college's address to his
majesty it was withdrawn and in 1605, one year before the expiration of
the old lease, the manor was demised for 20 years to William Paget for the
use of Dr Legge, then master.

Lady Scrope the donor of the manor of Newnham is commemorated by
the name Scrope terrace being applied to a handsome row of houses in this
parish held by lease under Caius college.

(a). The Cotton family had a manor in Cambridge in the reign of Hen.IV.

336 S. MART THE LESS.

There are three water mills in this parish. They
are of great antiquity and are known as King's mill3(a)

In 1 Kic. III. Thomas Cotton paid the bailiffs of the town 15s. a year as
hagabul for the tenement called Calysse and the lands pertaining to the
same.

On 9 October 5 and 6 Phil and Mar [1558] Henry Veiseye in consideration
of £ 200 bargained and sold to John Rust alderman, his heirs and assigns
All that his manor of Cotton hall with its members and appurtenances in
Cambridge by whatsoever name or names the said manor was or had been
named, used, reputed, called, or known and all and singular other his lands,
tenements, meadows, pastures, woods, underwoods, rents, reversions, services,
commons, wastes, fishings, courts leet, view of frankpledge, liberties,
franchises, profits and hereditaments whatsoever, set, lying and being in
the towns parishes and fields of Cambridge, Barnwell, Hinton, Trumpington,
Granchester, Chesterton, and Coton, or elsewhere in the county of Cambridge,
to the abovesaid manor of Cotton hall in any wise belonging or appertaining
or being known taken used or reputed as part parcel or member thereof
except the free quit rents parcel of the said manor payable by the master
and scholars of Corpus Christi college.

Alderman Rust by will dated 19 June 1569 devised his manor of Cayles
" which was one John Cotton's" to his wife Elizabeth for life, remainder to
his son Nicholas and the heirs of his body, remainder to his son Thomas
in fee.

Aid. Rust had sold 20 acres, 3 roods parcel of the lands of this
manor, to Oliver Flint, alderman, who sold the same to Thomas Hodi-
lowe of Cambridge, brewer, to whom in 1574-5 Nicholas Rust released
all his right and interest.

The residue of the manor came to Richard Bradly, brewer who sold it to
Henry Harvey, L.L.D., master of Trinity hall, who by his will dated 1 Nov.
1584, directed it to be sold. At this period the manor consisted of 60 acres
of arable with the appurtenances in the fields of Cambridge and Barnwell.

(a) King's mill is apparently the mill mentioned in Domesday as be-
longing to earl Alan.

It afterwards came to the crown and passed to the corporation under
king John's grant of the town in fee farm, 8 May 1207.

The mill was anciently under the charge of one of the four bailiffs
termed the bailiff of the mill.

On 14 July, 1497 the corporation leased this mill (except the escheats of
the court of the mill) to William Londes, burgess and miller for 10 years at
the following annual rents payable to the bailiff of the mill, via: £18,
twenty four bushels of wheat and £8 10s. for the "porte" of divers things
to the mill pertaining.

This and the other two mills pay small rent charges in lieu of tithes to
S. Peter's college. (Award 2 Dec. 1851, Apportionment 15 Feb. 1853.)

S. MARY THE LESS. 337

Bishop's rnill,(a) and Newnham mill.w

Trumpington gate which stood near the church was
erected by Hen. III. in 1266, when he fortified the
town against the adherents of the barons. It is not
known when it was taken down.

At the extremity of the parish was Trumpington
ford of which we find frequent mention in ancient
times, it being one of the town boundaries. It has of
course been long superseded by a bridge.

(a) Bishop's mill is mentioned in Domesday as belonging to the
ahbot of Ely. On the conversion of the abbey into an episcopal see it of
course acquired the name of the bishop's mill.

On 9 Jul. 1507, James Stanley, bishop of Ely, with the assent of the
prior and convent, demised this mill, a meadow belonging thereto, and
certain implements to the mayor bailiffs and burgesses for 99 years from
Michaelmas following at £9. 10s. per annum.

In a lease of this mill made by the corporation to Thomas Simpson, 21
August, 1567, the customs as respects the King's mill are declared to be as
follows: the Bishop's mill shall not grind until the King's mill beginneth to
grind and shall leave grinding when the King's mill leaveth. If the occu-
pier of the King's mill do not begin to grind at convenient time and at a full
water and leave in convenient time or else if he be let by reason that his
mill stones be in letting or his mill be broken, or hath any other let, so that
he cannot grind, then the farmer of the Bishop's mill may grind and leave
at his pleasure. The farmer of the Bishop's mill shall suffer the occupier of
the King's mill to take part of such grist coming to the Bishop's mill as
often as the King's mill shall lack grist to grind.

Bishop Heaton alienated this mill to Queen Elizabeth and it soon
afterwards came into private hands.

(6) Newnham mill was in 1278 held by Lionel Dunig under sir William
de Mortimer.

In 1333 on a complaint against sir William de Mortimer for erecting a
fulling mill above his other mill the same was found by inquisition to be to
the disherison of the king and the bailiffs and men of the town. It was no
doubt removed forthwith.

The mill is regulated by a composition made 24th Jan. 1506-7 between
the corporation and Gonville hall, which sets out the old customs which are
curious.

For many years past this mill has been held under lease from Caius
college, by the proprietor of the Bishop's mill, who is also the lessee of the
King's mill under the corporation.

VOL. III. Z

338 g. MARY THE LESS.

Coe fen leys in this parish were enclosed under an
act passed in 1811.

The river Cam from King's mill to Clayhithe is
regulated under an act passed in 1851 (repealing acts
passed in 1702 and 1813). The conservators are
five justices of the county, three members of the
university, and three members of the town council.

S. MICHAEL.

THIS church was in 1254 valued at only two
marks. It does not appear in the ecclesiastical
taxation made a few years afterwards by authority
of pope Nicholas IV.

The advowson in 1278 belonged to Matilda atte
Wolde, daughter of Yfanti. She had it by the death
of Alfred her brother, who had it by the death of
Yfanti, who had it by the death of Alice his mother,
who had it by the death of Ivo Pepesta, who had
it by the death of his father Reginald Pepesta, who
had it by descent from his ancestors in the time of
Henry II.

On 7 May, 1292, an inquiry was directed whether
it would be to the damage of the king or any other,
that Matilda atte Wolde should grant the advowson
to the chancellor and masters of the university.
No such grant appears to have been eventually
made.

We have already mentioned the grant of the
advowson by Dera de Maddyngle to Hervey de
Stanton, his settlement of it on his foundation of
Michaelhouse in 1324, and the appropriation of the
church to the master and scholars of that college(a)
with the other possessions of which it passed to
Trinity college under Henry the eighth's charter of
dotation.

(a) Vol. n. 216, 217.

340

S. MICHAEL.

Anciently the south aisle was used for divine
service by Michaelhouse, and the north aisle by
Gonville hall.

In 1531, we find mention here of S. Gregory's
altar of pity, and of our lady altar behind the
church door.

Here was interred in 1549, Paul Fagius, a learned
hebrew scholar, who had shortly before been sent
to Cambridge by the government. His body was
taken up by cardinal Pole's delegates and burnt with
that of Dr. Martin Bucer in the market place,
6 Feb. 155 6-7, (a) this church being for a time placed
under interdict as having contained the remains of
a heretic.

In 1550 it was in contemplation to unite part
of this parish to Great S. Mary's, and the other
part to All Saints. (6)

William Dowsing thus briefly records his pro-
ceedings here, 26 Dec. 1643: —

We digged up steps & brake down divers Pictures.

The accounts of the churchwardens for that year
contain the following charges: —

£. a. d.
Paid for taking down the cross of the steple &)

chancell }

Item to the workmen when they were levelling the

chancell J

Item for levelling the chancell by order of parliament 1 15 0
Item for taking down the cloth in the chancel & the

the)
I °

borde r v 2 6

(a) See p. 298.

(b) Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, II. 46.

S. MICHAEL. 341

Thomas Hill, D.D. who became master of Trinity
college in 1645, established a lecture here.

In the inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before
the commissioners for providing maintenance for
preaching ministers, is the following statement: —

The Parishe of St. Michaell have neither Minister nor any
maintenance for a Minister that they know of, being alwaies
till within seaven or eight yeares past provided of a Minister
from Trinitie Colledge.

The commissioners certified that S. Michael's was
fit to be united to All Saints; All Saints, standing
most convenient for both parishes.

An accidental fire which occurred in this church
on Sunday 11 Nov. 1849, just as the congrega-
tion were assembling for morning service, destroyed
the roof and did other damage. This occasioned
extensive repairs and improvements under the super-
intendence of George Gilbert Scott, esq. About
£3000 was expended, and the church was re-opened
for divine service 18 Oct. 1850, on which occasion
sermons were preached by the rev. William Whewell,
D.D. master of Trinity college, and the rev. pro-
fessor Scholefield the incumbent.

The governors of queen Anne's bounty have
given the following sums for augmentation of the
benefice; in 1757, £200; in 1784, £200; in 1789,
£200 ; and in 1793, £200.

Joan de Benewyck, before 1278, gave a mes-
suage in this parish for the use of the rector.
An annual rent of 8d. was anciently payable out
of a messuage, which in 1278 belonged to Richard
Batenian, jun. for the sustenance of a lamp before

342 S. MICHAEL.

the high altar; Edward Harrison, archdeacon of
the east riding of Yorkshire and canon of Lincoln,
by will dated 16 March, 1511-12, desired his
executors to found a chantry for him in this church ;
John Blythman, by will, in 1531, charged his lands
at Fendrayton with an annual obiit in this church ;
John Graves, in 1666, gave ten bushels of coals
to the poor yearly; James Duport, D.D. dean of
Peterborough and master of Magdalen college, gave
£10, for which it was agreed to distribute 12s.
worth of bread amongst the poor on S. Thomas's
day yearly; Mr. John Pindar, in 1689, gave £15.
towards buying a bell; Nathaniel Hanbury, B.D.
fellow of Trinity college and minister of the parish,
gave a branch in 1713; under the will of Anne
Carrow, dated 1743, £40. was received for a dis-
tribution of coals on Twelfth Day annually ; Samuel
Forlow, by will, dated 1775, gave 10s. a-year for
a distribution of bread amongst the poor on the
anniversary of his burial; Mr. John Bowtell, book-
binder, in 1813, bequeathed to Trinity college
£500 consols, the dividends to be expended in the
repair of the church and chancel ; Mr. John Ho veil,
by will dated 1820, bequeathed £19. 19s. the yearly
interest to be given to the poor in bread and coals ;
the poor of this parish are entitled to a preference
in the election of the inmates of the Perse alms-
houses^"0

The church which is in Trinity street immediately
opposite Caius college, is a complete specimen of
the decorated style, wholly free from ancient inser-

(a) See p. 171.

S. MICHAEL. 343

tions. It consists of a nave, chancel, continuous
aisles, a tower, and a northern porch.

The tower which contains four bells stands at
the south-western angle. It is square and massive,
and consists of three stages crowned by a parapet
and surmounted with a little spire, probably placed
there about forty years since in the room of one,
which though far from elegant, was not quite so
insignificant. (a)

The northern porch and the doorway which has
been opened on the south side of the tower, were
designed by Mr. Scott.

The piers of both nave and chancel are octagonal
with moulded caps, and the arches are equilateral.
There is no clerestory.

The plain and highly pitched timber roof is an
exact restoration of the original.

The length of the chancel as compared with the
nave is remarkable, the former exceeds fifty-three
feet, the latter is not more than thirty-nine.

On either side of the chancel are low elbowed
stalls of oak. These are said to have been brought
from the chapel of Trinity college when its present
fittings were erected.

There was till within the last few years an elegant
oak screen, separating the nave and chancel.

In the south wall of the chancel are three fine
sedilia and a piscina. Adjoining them is a crocketted
ogee arch leading from the chancel into the south
aisle. This elegant arch doubtless formed a portion
of the monument of Hervey de Stanton.

(a) See south west view of this church in Gent. Maj. LXXXIV. (1) 321.

344 S. MICHAEL.

The east window consists of five trefoiled lights,
between the heads of which are four foliated loops.
The west window is also good.

A gallery of more than ordinary ugliness over
the northern aisle, was removed immediately after
the fire of 1849.

Across the eastern end of the north aisle runs
a partition wall, thus forming a vestry, which con-
tains a piscina and an old portrait of king Charles I.(a)

The south east chapel now occupied by the
organ, has two singular tabernacles(&) and a piscina.

Near the priest's door on the southern side of
the church is a recess, which it is supposed served
for an ambry.

The font which is modern, is very good.

One of the bells is thus inscribed :

Charles Newman made mee 1684.
Michell Pugson Henry Pyke
Wardens

The inscription on each of the other three is
as follows:

Christopher Craye made me 1687.

This church has been for many years ordinarily
used for the greater episcopal and archidiaconal
visitations, being found very convenient for the
purpose, but formerly all the bishop's visitations
were held at Great S. Mary's.

(a) This was formerly placed near the pulpit.

Bishop Jewell's Replie to Hardinge, 1565, his Defence of the Apologie
of the Church of England, 1570, and Fox's Book of Martyrs were till about
30 years since chained to a desk in this church.

(6) An engraving of one of these with conjectural restorations, from a
drawing by F. A. Paley, is given in the Camden Society's Brasses, 183.

S. MICHAEL. 345

The workmen employed in 1804 to dig a vault
for Mrs. Margaret Smith, met with a stone coffin
very nearly under the ogee-headed arch in the
chancel. About half the lid was wanting, but the
skeleton which • was that of an elderly person re-
mained entire. There can be little doubt that it
was that of Hervey de Stanton the founder of
Michaelhouse. This coffin having been again dis-
closed during subsequent repairs, was carefully re-
placed, the following inscription being put thereon :
HERVEY DE STANTON,

Founder of St. Michael House, Cambridge, died at York,
Oct. 18, 1337, and was buried in St. Michael's church, Cam-
bridge. On repairing the church in consequence of its resto-
ration after the fire of Nov. 11, 1849, the coffin was found, and
placed in the situation in which it was originally buried, A.D.
1850.

Those who paid this very proper mark of Chris-
tian respect to his memory, are we believe inaccurate
as respects both the day and year of his decease. (o)

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (6)

In the, church and chancel.

*Joh. Wright of Norfolk, son of Tho. Wright of Weeting,
stud. Cai. coll. 2 Aug. 1599, placed by his surviving brother.

*Andr. Vandorne of Bremen, law student, 2 Jul. 1629, aet. 25.

*Edw. son of Kalph Dod of Shockledge, Chesh. gent. 3 yrs.
stud. Cai. coll. 26 Sept. 1636, get. 19.

Edw. Parker, son of sir Tho. Parker, knt. and Philadelphia
his wife, stud. Trin. coll. 4 Oct. 1649.

*Joh. Graves, 4 Jul. 1662.

*Will. Morden, prid. non. Mart. 1678-9 ; his son Joh. of the
Middle Temple, esq. 8 kal. Jun. 1685, aet. 31.

(a) See Vol. II. 213.

(6) Those marked * have been removed, or are not now visible.

346 S. MICHAEL.

*Jane wife of Rob. Brady, M.D. 4 non. Mart. 1679.

Bob. Leeds, 1680.

*Joh. Case, M.B. sen. fell. Cai. coll. 12 Mar. 1699, jet. 18.

*Sam. Belcher, aid. 2 Nov. 1735.

Lewis Williams, stud. Cai. coll. eld. son of Joseph Williams
of the island of Jamaica, esq. 31 Oct. 1741, set. 18.

*Rob. Carrow, gent. 1 Feb. 1738, set. 69 ; Ann his wife, 29
Sept. 1744, set. 68.

*Conyers Middleton, D.D. 29 Jul. 1750, set. 67 ; Sarah his
wife, 19 Feb. 1730, get. 57 ; Mary his 2d wife, 26 Apr. 1745,
set. 38; Barbara Middleton her niece who died a few weeks
before her, set. 12.

*Tho. James, printer [who established the Cambridge
Journal, the first newspaper in Cambridge], 27 Oct. 1750, ag. 40.

Tho. York, aid, a practitioner of the law, son of Job. York
and Leah his wife, dau. of Barth. Webb of Gamlingay, baker,
16 Jul. 1756, ag. 59.

Tho. Ellis, gent, of Glanywynne, co. Denbigh, late schol.
Trin. coll. 12 Mar. 1759, ag. 22.

Tho. Burrowes, late fell. Trin. coll. [esq. bedel] 7 Aug. 1767 ;
Alice his wife, 25 Aug. 1757 ; Eliz. their dau. 5 Dec — , ag. 73.

Tho. Purchas7 10 Mar. 1773, ag. 67.

Sam. Forlow, 12 Oct. 1775, ag. 52 ; Anne his wid. 14 Aug.
1806, ag. 74 ; Rob. their son, 12 Feb. 1768, ag. 10 months ; Martin
their son, 5 June, 1771, ag. 6 ; Sam. their son, 6 Apr. 1782, set. 1 9.

Peggy Smith, fourth niece of the master of Gonv. and
Cai. coll. 30 Oct. 1786, ag. 26.

Caroline, dau. of rev. Job. and Mary Porter, b. 25 Aug. 1786,
d. 3 Apr. 1788.

*Tho. Green, M.A. libr. of Trin. coll. and Woodwardian
professor, 4 non. Jun. 1788, set. 51.

Humphr. Parry, young, son of Dan. and Cath. Jane of
Crichell, Dorset, 1797, set. 19.

Job. Mack, stud. Trin. coll, 14 Dec. 1798, ag. 21.

*Ann, wife of Maximilian Daw, esq. 26 Apr. 1799 ; her
sister Sarah wife of Will. Ellis, clerk, 29 Apr. 1799 ; Cath.
Enby their mother.

*Joh. Apsey Shepard of Trin. coll. only son of Joh. and
Rebecca Shepard, 27 Apr. 1801, aet. 19.

8. MICHAEL. 347

Edm. Parry, stud. Trin. coll. 1803, set. 19.

*EHzab. Smith, niece of the mast, of Gonv. and Cai. coll.

18 March, , ag. 32; her mother Margaret, wid. of Jos.

Smith, esq. of Coltishall, Norfolk, 8 Jan. 1804, ag. 71.

Joh. Hovell, barr. at law, son of Eic. and Mercy, 5 Jul.
1805, ag. 43.

*Sarah Shepard of Wakefield, eld. sist. of Joh. Shepard,
8 May, 1806, ag. 49.

*Joh. Scott of Market Kaisin, Lincolnsh. stud. Trin. coll.

5 June, 1806, ag. 18.

*G[eo] D[owning] Whittington [LL.B. S. Joh. coll.] [24 Jul.]
1807 [ag. 26.]

Joh. Bones, surgeon E.N. 25 Aug. 1807, ag. 31.

*Hen. Wilding, 8th son of Ja. Wilding of Salop, stud. Trin.
coll. id. Feb. 1808, aet. 18.

Fra. Hodson [editor of Cambridge Chronicle] 17 Oct. 1812,
ag. 72 ; Anne his wife and 13 children, including Ja. Hodsou
[editor of Cambridge Chronicle] 23 Feb. 1832, ag. 46.

Joh. Bowtell, bookbinder (born in par. of Holy Trinity),
1 Dec, 1813, ag. 59. Erected by gov. of Addenbrooke's hospital
to which he gave a magnificent legacy.

Laur. Dundas [of Trin. coll.] 2 son of hon. Laur. Dundas,

6 Feb. 1818, 83t. 18.

Rob. Bones, capt. R.N. and dep. gov. Sierra Leone, 11 Feb.
1818, ag. 32.

Tho. Verney Okes [an eminent surgeon], 17 Jul. 1818, aet. 63.

Joh. Shepard, born at Wakefield, vicechancellor of dioc. of
Ely, chaplain of Trin. coll. and minister of this parish, 17 cal.
Feb. 1819, set. 68.

Edw. Rogers, esq. fell. Cai. coll. barr. at law of Inner Temple,
1 Apr. 1827.

Rev. Clem. [Rob.] Francis, M.A. fell, and tutor of Cai. coll.
17 Feb. 1829, ag. 38. Erected by mother, with verses by Southey
printed in his works^ 8vo. edit. 1850, p. 180.

Will. Coe [aid.] 24 Oct. 1831, ag. 86; Ann his wife, 15 Jan.
1821, ag. 73 ; Pet. Wedd, 20 Mar. 1823, ag. 67 ; Ann his wife,
dau. of Will, and Ann Coe, 14 Sept. 1849, ag. 73.

Will. Bond, M.A. late fell. Cai. coll. rect. of Wheatacre cum
Mutford, 7 June, 1832, ag. 80.

348

S. MICHAEL.

Elizab. dau. of Offley Smythe, esq. of Topcroft hall, Norf.
wife of capt. Will. Arthur Irwin of 94th reg. of foot and
Koxboro' co. Roscommon, 21 Feb. 1834, set. 55.

Joh. Dan. Hamilton Coles, stud. Trin. coll. kal. Mart.
1835, set. 20.

Ja. Scholefield, M.A. Regius prof, of greek, can. of Ely and
nearly 30 years minister of this parish, 4 Apr. 1853, ag. 64.

In the old churchyard.

Joh. Marshall [under keeper of univ. library], 1 Apr. 1819,
ag. 82 ; Mary his wid. 20 Dec. 1841, ag. 86.

Joh. Hen. Manners Le Blanc Mortlock, son of sir Joh. and
lady Mortlock, b. 24 Dec. 1820, d. 27 Mar. 1821.

Joh. Deighton [bookseller], 16 Jan. 1828, ag. 80.

Ja. Brown [postmaster and common councilman], 10 Oct.
1832, ag. 57.

Cyril Joseph Monkhouse, Westminster schol. of Trin. coll.
31 May, 1842, ag. 29.

Francis Joseph, A.R.A. 1 Sept. 1846, set. 8t.

In the new churchyard.

Alfred Rudge, son of Edw. and Alice Rudge of Fakenham,
Norfolk, schol. Trin. coll. 3 June, 1851, set. 24.

Geo. Aug. Robertson Elliott, schol. S. Joh. coll. b. 27 Oct.
1835, d. 6 Oct. 1855.

Will. Warwicker, b. 18 May, 1790, d. 29 Oct. 1861.

The registers record the following interments :

Tho. Smith, B.A. fell. Cai. coll. 23 March, 1561.

Mr. Parker, fell. Cai. coll. 12 Apr. 1573.

Mr. Radolphe, conduct. Trin. coll. 12 Jul. 1583.

Mr. Hutton the anatomist of Cai. coll. 6 Apr. 1601.

Matt. Warren, Cai. coll. 21 June, 1603.

Andr. Osborn, Trin. coll. 22 Jul. 1603.

Phil. Crane, Trin. coll. 22 Sept. 1606.

Hen. Jackson, aid. 18 Feb. 1606.

Hen. Scarbrowe, Cai. coll. 6 Apr. 1609.

Ric. Rolfe, Cai. coll. 2 Dec. 1609.

S. MICHAEL. 349

Job. Dickinson, Cai. coll. 26 Mar. 1610.

Will. Tucknye, Trin. coll. 2 Apr. 1610.

Mr. Haman, fell. Cai. coll. 13 Oct. 1616.

Si... Cradock, Trin. coll. 4 July, 1620.

Will. Sheaffe, Trin. coll. 10 Dec. 1620.

— Russell, Cai. coll. 23 Aug. 1622.

Mr. Pile, Cai. coll. 12 June, 1627.

S. Bayly, Cai. coll. 3 Dec. 1633.

Ja. Daniell, Cai. coll. 27 Oct. 1636.

Edw. Rant, Cai. coll. 29 Oct. 1636.

Job. Fann'ion, Cai. coll. 2 Nov. 1636.

Will. Grime, scbol. Cai. coll. 19 March, 1638.

Ant. French, stud. Trin. coll. 16 May, 1639.

Job. Blomfield, B.A. Cai. coll. 21 Feb. 1639.

Mr. Bogin, Trin. coll. 1660.

Philip Castleton, fell. com. Cai. coll. 8 July, 1663.

Burton, stud. Cai. coll. 1663.

Job. Ekins, stud. Trin. coll. 8 July, 1664.

Edm. Fox, stud. Cai. coll. 27 Dec. 1669.

Arth. Berners, stud. Cai. coll. 4 Dec. 1670.

Will. Lurking, Cai. coll. 6 July, 1670.

Job. Robinson, fell. Cai. coll. 1 July, 1673.

Job. Wells, stud. Trin. coll. 22 Aug. 1675.

Job. Trenchard, stud. Trin. coll. 25 Aug. 1675.

Geo. Burlt, stud. Trin. coll. 7 Apr. 1676.

Job. Raynbird, stud. Trin. coll. 25 April, 1676.

Rob. Sherringam, M.A. fell. Cai. coll. 2 May, 1678.

Dyraoke Wyndus, stud. Trin. coll. 17 Sept. 1 678.

Will. Barker, stud. Trin. coll. 23 Oct. 1678.

Job. Tristram, stud. Trin. coll. 20 Sept. 1679.

Job. Ives, stud. Cai. coll. 28 Dec. 1679.

Tho. Fowler, fell. Sid. coll. 13 Sept. 1680.

Si. Bagge, fell. Cai. coll. 6 Feb. 1682.

Rob. Shelton, stud. Cai. coll. 12 May, 1682.

Hen. Muriell, stud. Trin. coll. 12 June, 1682.

Capt. Rob. Muriell, 8 Sept. 1682.

Will. Spencer, fell. Cai. coll. 19 Sept, 1682.

Rob. Gilbert, stud. Cai. coll. 21 Nov. 1682.

Purbeck Richardson, Trin. coll. [esq. bedel] 28 Mar. 1683.

350 S. MICHAEL.

Geo. Glascock, stud. Trin. coll. 13 May, 1683.
Fra. Shouldham, fell. Cai. coll. June, 1683.
Kic. Callum, stud. Trin. coll. 30 March, 1684.
Gilb. Hank, stud. Cai. coll. 6 Nov. 1685.
Job. Horn, stud. Cai. coll. 21 Oct. 1689.
Job. Ekins, stud. Trin. coll. Dec. 1689.
Tho. Taylor, stud. Trin. coll. 9 June, 1694.
Mic. Payne in Trin. coll. chapel, 7 May, 1695.
Sara. Jessop, scholar, Cai. coll. 20 Feb. 1695.
Job. Seward, Trin. coll. 21 Dec. 1696.
Hen. Jenkes, fell. Cai. coll. 1 Sept. 1697.
Jane Flecher a clergyman's widow, 22 Oct. 1698.
Job. Billingsley, M.A. in Trin. coll. chapel, 24 Oct. 1698.
Tho. Morgan, M.A. 18 Feb. 1699; Will. Morgan, M.D. at
Scretborg, Brecknockshire, executor.

Noah Gifford, manciple, S. Job. coll. 1 June, 1700.

Hen. Jennings, clerk, 20 Jul. 1701.

Ja. son of Ja. Hancox, B.A. Cai. coll. 16 May, 1702.

Will. Scott Lacie, schol. Cai. coll. 19 Jul. 1702.

Fra. Hancock, stud. Cai. coll. 13 Nov. 1702.

Ja. Halman, master of Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 23 Dec. 1702.

Edm. Hall, schol. Trin. coll. 3 Oct. 1704.

Job. Gostlin, M.D. Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 3 Feb. 1705.

Rob. Ingham, B.A. Cai. coll. 19 Aug. 1705.

Rob. Moor, schol. Trin. coll. 16 Mar. 1706.

Step. Cresser, D.D. in Trin. coll. chapel, 20 Feb. 1710.

Richard Bourn, stud. Trin. coll. 18 Dec. 1710.

Will. Wilby, stud. Trin. coll. 26 Dec. 1710.

Hen. Sike, LL.D. [Regius prof, of hebrew] 28 May, 1712.

Job. Amyas [B.D.] fell. Cai. coll. 15 Jan. 1713.

Nic. Parham, fell. Cai. coll. 7 Feb. 1713.

Phil. Richardson, Trin. coll. 27 Mar. 1718.

Rice Gibbs, stud. Cai. coll. 14 May, 1719.

[Lewkenor] Lestrange [LL.B.] fell. Cai. coll. 19 Aug. 1719.

Job. Hiron, schol. Trin. coll. 3 June, 1721.

[Geo.] Granger, formerly of Trin. coll. 31 Jan. 1724.

Tho. Baker, stud. Trin. coll. 11 May, 1725.

Rob. Staples, stud. Trin. coll. 19 Dec. 1725.

Job.Lightwin, M.A. pres.Cai. coll. in coll. chapel, 17 June, 1729.

S. MICHAEL. 351

Phillip Farewell, D.D. 11 Dec. 1730.
Signer Perigrini, 1 Aug. 1735.

Cains college(o) and a considerable part of Trinity
college are within this parish, within which were
also Borden hostel, (6) S. Catharine's hostel, (c) Garret

(a) Caius college almshouses (see p. 171) which occupy ninety-eight
square yards, have been recently exchanged with the sanction of the charity
commissioners, for a piece of land containing three hundred and ninety-two
square yards near S. Paul's parsonage. It appears from the notice pub-
lished on the subject, that the will of Reginald Elie, the founder, is dated
1 April, 30 Hen. VIII. [1539].

(6) Borden hostel was doubtless so called from its having been
originally built of timber.

We consider it highly probable that it is identical with Ely hostel,
which was used at one period for the reception of monks of Ely studying
in this university.

By letters patent 7 May, 26 Hen. VI. [1448], the provost and scholars
of King's college were empowered to grant to the master and fellows
of Clare hall (in exchange) Borden hostel in the parish of S. Michael, with
a lane or passage from that hostel to the high street, opposite the house
of the friars minors, which hostel and lane had formerly belonged to
the prior and convent of Ely.

Rowland Taylor, LL.D. who suffered martyrdom at Aldham common,
near Hadleigh, in Suffolk, 8 Feb. 1554-5, was sometime principal of this
house, which appears to have been for the most part or exclusively appro-
priated to students in the canon and civil law.

In 1556, it was an inn called the White Swan, in the occupation of
Ralph Bikerdike, alderman. The close pertaining to it extended south-
wardly to the boundary of this parish adjoining that of the Holy Trinity.

In a conveyance of the White Swan, dated 1564, it is said to have been
formerly two messuages, one called Clare hall tenement, otherwise Borden
hostel, and the other Peterhouse tenement. On the south it was bounded
in part by the tenement late of Simon Trewe, formerly called Paul's inn.

A conveyance of part of the White Swan, dated 1570, describes it as
bounded on the north by the tenement or inn called the Blue Boar.

In 1652, Elizabeth Newton and others conveyed to John Chater and
Margaret his wife a parcel of ground late part of a close, sometime an
orchard, belonging to Borden hostel in S. Michael's parish, and abutting
on Green street towards the south.

(c) S. Catharine's hostel was on the western side of Trinity street. In
Carter's time the site of this hostel was occupied by the houses of Thomas
York, alderman, and Thomas Burrowes, esquire bedel.

352 S. MICHAEL.

hostel, (a) S. Margaret's hostel, (4) Oving's inn,(<0 a
portion of Paul's inn, w Physwick hostel, (e) Newmarket
or S. Gregory's hostel, ^ Tiled hostel, ^ and S.
William's hostel.(A)

The town bridge over the Cam known as Garret
hostel bridge, is situate wholly or principally in
this parish.

This bridge was rebuilt in 1591, 1646, 1769,
(from a design by Mr. James Essex) and 1821,

(a) Garret hostel, so called from a conspicuous garret or solar (see
Vol. I. 23), belonged to Michaelhouse, and was enlarged about 1455 (see
Vol. II. 226.) It now forms part of Trinity college, Bishop's hostel having
been erected on or near the site.

John Vaughan, a friend of Erasmus, occurs in 1503, as principal of
Garret hostel. In the following year he is termed principal of S. William's
hostel.

(b) See Vol. I. 106.

By deed dated 20 Jan. 14 Eliz. [1571-2], Isaac Barrow, M.D. and Ann
his wife, released to Alexander Raie, alderman, all their right in a messuage
or tenement formerly called Paul's inn, situate in the parishes of S. Mary
near the market and S. Michael, and by another deed dated 4 Oct. 17 Eli*.
Q1575], aid. Raie and Elizabeth his wife, and John Edmonds, draper, and
Catharine his wife released to William Burwell, vintner, their right in the
forefront or forepart of a messuage formerly called Paul's inn. A prolix
description concludes with a statement that all the premises are situate in
the parish of Blessed Mary the virgin near the market.

(e) See Vol. I. 105, 106 ; Vol. II. 236, 237.

(/) Of Newmarket hostel, also sometimes called S. Gregory's hostel,
Robert Knight, M.A. occurs as principal in 1512. Its site was in or before
1542, converted into a garden pertaining to Michaelhouse, (see Vol. II. 228.)

(ff) Tiled hostel is supposed to have been between the hostels of
S. Margaret and S. Catharine, and to have had an entrance in the lane
between Gonville hall and Physwick hostel.

Caius says it took its name from John Tyler, once its proprietor. It is
more probable that it was called Tiled hostel, from its roof being of tile.

(h) Of S. William's hostel, we know only that John Vaughan was the
principal in 1504. It is not unlikely that it was merely another name
for Garret hostel.

S. MICHAEL. 353

(having fallen down nine years before). The present
handsome structure of iron was erected by the But-
terley company in 1837, at a cost of £960. 16s. 6of.
of which sum £612. 2s. was subscribed. Trinity
hall gave £250; Trinity college £150; and Caius
college £50.

As to the eastern approach to the bridge, we
find that the prior and convent of Anglesey on
Friday the eve of the apostles Peter and Paul
[28 June], 26 Hen. VI. [1448], granted to the king
a garden called Henably, between Trinity hall on
the south and Garret hostel on the north, abutting
at the east head upon Milnestrete and at the west
head upon Kingesdiche. The king by a charter
dated 15 March in the 33rd year of his reign
[1454-5], granted the same garden to the mayor bur-
gesses and commonalty of the town, for a common
passage or way for the commonalty of the town
from Milnestrete to the water called the Ree. This
grant was in part recompense of land or soil called
Strawlane, otherwise Salthithelane, granted to the
king by the town for the enlargement of King's
college.

Portions of the Rose tavern and the Angel inn(0)
appear to have been situate in this parish.

On the northern side of Green street the pres-
byterians had a meeting-house in 1696, and for
many years subsequently. (6) From the changes which

(a) See p. 317.

(b) See pp. 216, 217.

John Gumming, D.D. was at one period minister of this congregation.
In 1716 he removed to the Scotch church, Founder's hall, London. He
was a noted controversialist, and whilst in Cambridge published Remarks on

VOL. III. A A

354 S. MICHAEL.

have taken place, it is now difficult to ascertain
the exact site of this meeting-house, but it is be-
lieved that it stood partly in this parish and partly
in the adjoining parish of Alt Saints.

Dr. Bentley's fifth of November sermon. His death occurred 7 Sept. 1729,
at the age of 44.

Richard Jones, a pupil of Dr. Doddridge, was for several years minister
of this congregation. From 1763 to 1769 he was minister of the presby-
terian congregation, Crosby square, London. He then became minister of
a congregation atPeckham, and died in 1800, having published an Essay on
Friendship with God, and some sermons.

John Stittle, a person of much celebrity in his day, preached here above
30 years. He died 22 July, 1813, set. 87, (see p. 242).

'tJI M;

S. PETER.

To distinguish this church from that once called
S. Peter's by Trumpington gates, now S. Mary
the Less, it was anciently termed S. Peter's by the
castle and occasionally S. Peter's beyond the bridge
and S. Peter's on the hill.

In 1254, the church was valued at five marks
yearly. It was soon afterwards appropriated to the
priory of Barnwell. On the dissolution of that house
it came to the crown. Queen Elizabeth granted it
to the see of Ely.

The church was dedicated to S. Peter and S.
Paul by a commission dated 3 Aug. 1349.

On 19 March, 1461-2, John Hessewell, mayor,
Robert Garland, draper, William Lolleworth and
Greoffrey Fyssher, bailiffs, and six other inhabitants

AA2

356 S. PETER.

of the town, appeared before William Gray, bishop
of Ely, in the chapel of S. Mary near the cathedral
of Ely, to answer to a charge of having violently
taken Henry Akenborough (a native of the diocese
of Worcester) from the cemetery of this church,
whither he had fled demanding the immunities of
the church. The bishop having examined them
severally, they submitted themselves to his correc-
tion, whereupon he absolved them from the penalty
of excommunication which they had ipso facto in-
curred, and enjoined them that they should on the
following day, about 10 o'clock, take Akenborough
from the Tolbooth, and convey him with all his
goods, by the midst of the market, to the cemetery
and church whence he had been taken.

The great and important gild of S. Peter and
S. Paul was held in this church, (oj and we find
mention before the reformation of chapels of B. V.
Mary and S. Saviour.

Will. Dowsing has left the following account of
his proceedings here :

At Peter's Parish, Decemb. 30, 1643.

We brake downe 10 Popish Pictures. We tooke of 3
Popish Inscriptions of Prayers to be made for there Soules,
& burnt the rayles, digged up the steps & they are to be
levelled by Wednesday.

It was found by inquisition 23 Oct. 1650, that
this parish had neither parsonage impropriation nor
vicarage, and the commissioners for providing main-
tenance for preaching ministers recommended that
it should be united to S. Giles's.

(a) Copies of the statutes are in MS. Baker, xxv. 361 ; xxxvi. 165.
Extracts in Cambridge Portfolio, 298.

S. PETKJL

>f queen Anne's bounty have

loll owing

.7«6U-..the-

was
: rials

•
•

(e) H». lw-* E»«r> th^ ffTP't^m -sretsitm, WM of opinion that the

V'!f *it^ ..f c r:jr-*n U
(<T; THi> icnt •* ;m|fT»»«a -'.W-.'^M, x^. j?!. S?, fig. 4; and in

358 S. PETEE.

occasions the parishioners resort to the immediately
adjacent church of S. Giles. S. Giles's and S. Peter's
have been held by the same clergyman for three
centuries or more, but are nevertheless essentially
distinct benefices.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (a)

In the church.

*Joh. de Cambridge, 6 May, 1386.

*Rob. Wynne of Magd. coll. son of Rob. Wynne of Dyffrin
Aled, Denbighsh. esq. 13 Jul. 1745, set. 19.

Tho. Smith, 5 June, 1696, ag. 31; Tho. and Isabel his
parents; Mary his sister; Sarah his wife; and Sarah their
daughter.

Tho. Smith, aid. 27 May, 1759, set. 70.

In the churchyard.

*Pet. Betson, aid. 17 Sept. 1709, aet. 68.

*Mary Betson, bur. 5 Jan. 17...

*Hen. Aymes, 17 Sept. 1713.

*Tho. Townsend, 11 Feb. 1714-15, set. 37.

*Marg. Love, wid. 22 April, 1716, ag. 67.

*Edw. Townsend, 28 Dec. 1733, ag. 53.

Joh. Wood, solicitor, 16 Feb. 1813, ag. 52 ; Grace his wife,
dau. of Joh. Hemmington of Denny abbey, 30 Nov. 1812,
ag. 50.

About 1840, the late rev. Henry Hutchinson
Swinny, then vicar of the parish, projected the re-
erection of this church in a handsome style corre-
sponding to the commanding site and its many
antiquarian associations. A design by A. Salvin,
esq. was published.

The following donations have been made to the
poor: Thomas Ellys, pikemonger, by will in 1593,

(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.

S. PETER. 359

6s. 8d. per annum ; Isaac Barrow of Wicken, by
deed in 1617, a yearly rent charge of £1. 6s. 8d. ;
James Saunders and wife, by deed in 1679, houses
and land then worth £6. a year.

Portions of S. John's and Magdalen colleges are
within this parish.

The Pickerel inn is believed to be of great
antiquity, but we have not met with any mention
of it before 1676. The Cross-Keys contains re-
mains of old carving of considerable excellence. (a)

Within this parish and the . parishes of Girton
and Impington was a hamlet called Howes, which
had a free chapel.

(a) See Cambridge Portfolio, 361, 509.

EXTERIOR, 1841.

HOLY SEPULCHRE.

THE church of the Holy Sepulchre and S. Andrew
is commonly called the church of the Holy Sepulchre
merely. In former times it was frequently denomi-
nated the church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Jewry,
from its being in that part of the town where the
jews resided. (a) It is also termed the Round church,
it being one of the four ancient english churches
of that form.(6)

(a) See p. 198.

(5) The others are the Temple church, London, S. Sepulchre's, North-
ampton, and Little Maplestead, Essex. See observations on the origin and
antiquity of round churches, and of the round church at Cambridge in
particular, by James Essex, F.S.A. in Archaeologia, 71. 163. Mr. Essex's
paper has considerable merit, but as regards some of the facts connected
•with the history of this church, he was not sufficiently informed.

HOLY SEPULCHRE. 361

It has been suggested, first, that it was originally
a Jewish synagogue, secondly, that it belonged to
the Knights Templars. We are well persuaded that
there is no kind of foundation for either conjecture.

We have also seen a statement that it was con-
secrated in 1101, but for this we can find no authority.

At a very early period it was appropriated to the
prior and convent of Barnwell a vicarage, of which
they were the patrons, being endowed. Geoffrey
de Alderhethe occurs as vicar in 1272.

We have elsewhere(a) noticed the foundation by
William Toylet, of a chantry in the chapel of
S. Mary within this church, to be served by a
brother of S. John's hospital, a duty which was
transferred to one of the fellows when the hospital
was converted into a college. (6) By a charter, dated
Sunday after S. Valentine the martyr, 1313, Richard
de Hokyngton, chaplain, and Nicholas Jacob of
Harleton, for the weal of the soul of John de
Shelford, deceased, and of the souls of his father
and mother, &c. granted to Nicholas de Harleton,
chaplain, 28 acres of arable land and certain annual
rents in Cambridge and Grantchester, for the susten-
tation of a fit chaplain celebrating in this church.
On the death or cession of Nicholas de Harleton,
his successors were to be appointed from time to
time by the vicar and four of the elder and better
parishioners, or should they not agree, by the arch-
deacon of Ely(c).

(a) Vol. II. 6Q. (J) Ibid. 72.

(c) MS. Baker, xxx. 147. In 1553, a pension of £2. 6s. 8d. was paid
to Richard Ernam as late incumbent of S. Sepulchre's chantry.

362 HOLT SEPULCHRE.

Here was a gild of S. Etheldreda, and we find
mention of the lights of the Sepulchre, S. Nicholas,
S. Etheldreda, B. V. Mary, and of the rood or
crucifixion.

The church in 1254 was valued at one mark only.
In Pope Nicholas's taxation made about 1291, the
prior of Barnwell was rated 6s. 4d. for a pension
out of this church. In a return to Fordham, bishop
of Ely, made in 1402, this church is estimated at
100 shillings. In the valor of Henry VIII. made
in or soon after 1534, the vicarage is returned at
£6. 11*. Od.

At the dissolution of monasteries the vicarage
came to the crown, although no steps appear to have
been taken to assert the right, and the church has
long been treated as a perpetual curacy in the gift
of the parishioners.

Will. Dowsing who put in execution the icono-
clastic ordinance of parliament, visited this church
3 Jan. 1643-4, and thus records his proceedings :

Pulchers or Round Parish, Jan. 3, 1643.
We brake down 14 Superstitions Pictures & divers Idolatrous
Inscriptions, and one of God y* Father & of Xt. & of y* Apostles.

In the inquisition taken 23 Oct. 1650, before
commissioners for providing maintenance for preach-
ing ministers, the jury found as follows:

The Parishe of St. Sepulchres have neither Parsonage,
Yiccaridge, Impropriacion or Donative.

That they have neither Minister nor Preacher, nor have
had these eight years.

The commissioners recommended that this parish
should be united to S. Clement's.

HOLT SEPULCHRE. 363

In augmentation of the benefice, the governors
of queen Anne's bounty made the following grants :
£400 in 1784; £200 in 1785; £200 in 1788;
£200 in 1791; and £200 in 1816. In 1785,
the rev. George Gaskin also gave £100; and the
trustees of Mrs. Pyncombe's charity £100 for the
same purpose.

Amongst the incumbents we find William Bucken-
ham, D.D. master of Gonville hall; Thomas Alcock,
LL.D. archdeacon of Ely and master of Jesus college;
Abraham Wkeelock, professor of arabic; James
Duport, D.D. dean of Peterborough, master of Mag-
dalen college and Regius professor of greek; John
Edwards, D.D. of S. John's college; Samuel Ogden,
D.D. Woodwardian professor; and James Fawcett,
B.D. Xorrisian professor of divinity.

On 24 Xov. 1823, came on an election of a
perpetual curate by the parishioners, the votes being
rev. Hastings Robinson, M.A., fellow and tutor of
S. John's college, 36 ; rev. Richard Rowland Faulkner,
of the same college, 34 ; and rev. Francis Russell Hall,
B.D. fellow of the same college, 14. Mr. Faulkner
instituted proceedings in the court of King's bench,
and after a trial at the assizes, that court held the
election void, the votes having been taken by ballot,
and in consequence of the rejection of the votes of
parishioners whose church-rates were unpaid. Even-
tually Mr. Faulkner was appointed perpetual curate,
and he now holds the office, having taken the degree
of B.D. in 1826.

In September, 1841, a part of the circular aisle
had fallen in, and repairs of the ordinary kind were

36-i HOLY SEPULCHRE.

EXTEKIOR, 1814.

commenced by the parishioners. The Cambridge
Camden society then stepped in with a view of
saving the ancient and interesting fabric from a
restoration manifestly insufficient and inappropriate.
Anthony Salvin, esq. was employed by the society
as architect, and a committee was appointed, the
chairman being the ven. Thomas Thorp, B.D. arch-
deacon of Bristol, the president of the society.

The following detailed statement of the alterations
made by the society, will clearly shew their nature
and extent, and the previous condition of this most
interesting structure : —

1. The upper story of the circular tower, containing four
bells, removed, and a new stone vault, with conical roof, built.

2. The clerestory windows restored to the original Norman
form, after the model of one remaining.

3. The triforium cleared of gallery and thoroughly restored.

HOLY SEPULCHRE. 365

4. The piers underpinned, and strengthened with concrete,
thoroughly repaired, and based on circular plinth of stone.

5. The vaulting of the circular aisle, and the exterior
roofing, reconstructed.

6. The aisle walls repaired, rebuilt where the fall had taken
place, and four Norman windows restored in place of the in-
serted windows.

7. The whole area of the round part, and the external
walls within and without, bedded in concrete : the area paved
with encaustic tiles.

8. The vaulting aad walls of the circular part plaistered,
and the whole interior prepared for decorated painting.

9. A new stone font, with carved oak cover, placed in
the ancient usual place.

10. The west doorway repaired and restored, and new
oak doors added.

11. The whole of the church within and without dressed
and pointed.

12. All the windows of the round part, twelve in number,
filled with stained glass.

13. The chancel, with the exception of one arch, and the
wall above it, entirely rebuilt ; the north aisle, with the ex-
ception of the entrance arch (from the west) rebuilt and
extended eastward and flush to the east wall of the chancel
(including the space formerly occupied by a vestry) ; a new
south aisle of equal dimensions with the enlarged north aisle
added, and a turret for two bells, including a vestry in the
lower stage, added at the north-west angle of the north aisle.

14. The chancel arch rebuilt and contracted, and a stone
pierced screen added above it.

15. The chancel roof repaired and beautified, the roof of
the north chancel-aisle repaired, beautified, and lengthened by
one bay to the east ; and new outer roofs, of high pitch, with
gable crosses, added to both.

16. The new aisle furnished with a high roof of the same
kind, so constructed as to leave room for an inner carved
roof.

17. The east window filled with stained glass, and the other
windows of the chancel re-glazed temporarily with plain glass.

366 HOLY SEPULCHRE.

18. The walls plaistered and prepared uniformly with the
round part.

19. The whole of the pavement laid with glazed and
encaustic tiles.

20. A new communion table, and a credence table, of stone,
erected at the east end, and a new pulpit and reading-desk of
carved oak set up.

21. The whole area of the north and south aisles filled
with carved oak open seats ; by which ample accommodation
is provided for the parish, and the loss of seats in the round
part, which is now vacant, more than compensated.

22. The chancel in like manner filled up with longitudinal
seats, so as to admit of alteration in the event of the arches
being sometime fitted with their screens.

The cost of the new works much exceeded £4000,
nearly the whole of which was raised by subscription.

A faculty for the alterations applied for by the
churchwardens, was opposed by Mr. Faulkner the
incumbent, so far as it included a stone altar(a) and
credence table. The case was heard in the hall
of Trinity hall, 25 July, 1844, before the rev. John
Henry Sparke, M.A. chancellor of the diocese of Ely,
who decreed the faculty as prayed. Mr. Faulkner
thereupon appealed to the court of arches, and sir
Herbert Jenner Fust, LL.D. the dean of that court,
on 31 January, 1845, reversed the decision of the
court below with costs, being of opinion that the
stone altar was not a communion table within the
meaning of the ecclesiastical law which did not
authorize the erection of a credence table.

The faculty was modified in compliance with this

(a) A view of the so-called stone altar is given in A statement of parti-
culars connected with the restoration of the Round Church, by the Chair-
man of the Restoration Committee. Carnb. 8vo. 1845.

HOLY SEPULCHRE.

367

INTERIOR, 18-11.

decision, and the stone altar and credence table were
removed, a carved communion table of wood being
substituted for the former. The church was re-opened
10 Aug. 1845, when sermons were preached by the
rev. John Graham, D.D. master of Christ's college,
afterwards bishop of Chester, and the rev. James
Scholefield, M.A. Regius professor of greek.

The entire length of the fabric from east to west
is 78 feet; the round part is 55 feet in diameter;
and the chancel and its side aisles are 57 feet in
width.

The western doorway is a fine example of the
early norman semicircular arch, having good
mouldings embellished with zigzag or cheveron
ornaments.

The timber roofs of the chancel and its aisles are
excellent.

The east window is filled with stained glass by

368 HOLY SEPULCHRE.

Williment representing the crucifixion, S. Mary
the virgin and S. John the evangelist.

Of the eight stained glass windows in the cleres-
tory five represent the Holy Lamb, the Boy bishop,
S. Etheldreda, the pelican, and venerable Bede. The
Boy bishop was the gift of the late Mr. Edward
Litchfield, for many years one of the churchwardens.

The following are the subjects of the stained glass
windows, in the circular aisle, (1) The entombment
and the resurrection (Wailes), (2) The baptism of
St. John Baptist (Williment), (3) Our Saviour in
judgment, with evangelistic symbols (Wattes), (4) St.
Michael and an angel with six wings (Wattes). The
windows by Wailes were the gift of the late Rev.
Samuel Wilkes Waud, M.A., fellow of Magdalen
college.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (0)

In the church.

*Joh. Brakin, gent. 1674, aet. 19 (son of Job. Brakin, esq.
interred in chancel of Lolworth, 1669).

*Mary, wife of Will. Adams, surgeon, 1688.

*Brampton Lowry, printer, 1716, ag. 63.

Sam. Ogden, D.D. b. 28 Jul. 1716, d. 23 March, 1778.

Job. and Deborah Sparke, 1772. Erected by their only
child Deborah, wife of Geo. Ashby of Hazelbeach, North-
ampton, esq.

Rene Labutte, a native of Laval, and teacher of the French
language in this univ. 18 Apr. 1790, ag. 77 ; Mary his wife
18 Jan. 1808, ag. 82.

In the old churchyard.

*Joh. Lowry, gent, [sometime M.P.] bur. 18 Jul. 1669.
Jonath. Sharp, organist, S. Job. coll. 13 Sept. 1794, ag. 48 J
Sarah his wife, 27 Oct. 1808, ag. 66.

(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.

HOLY SEPULCHRE. 369

Will. Vitty [solicitor], 28 Dec. 1805, set. 73.

Elizab. Murray, wife of capt. Job. Murray, adjutant 1st
batallion Cambr. Volunteers, b. near Birr, King's co. Ireland,
d. in Cambr. 16 Feb. 1806, ag. 36.

Fra. Sharp [solicitor], 3 Dec. 1814, ag. 37.

Eic. Brewin Coe, solicitor, 21 March, 1815, ag. 40.

Eic. Clarke, 4 May, 1836, ag. 79; Mary his wife, 21 Aug.
1828, ag. 75 ; Mary their only child, relict of rev. Ja. Foulkes
Eoberts, 24 Jul. 1849, ag. 55.

Hen. Stapylton Bree, Trin. coll. 14 May, 1836, ag. 28.

In the new churchyard.
Job. Brown/0) 21 Aug. 1863, ag. 67.

The following gifts have been made to the poor
of this parish : William Synderton, alderman, by will,
1544, to be yearly distributed at his dirge 9s. 4J. ; John
Graves, by will, 1666, ten bushels of coals yearly;
sir Robert Tabor, M.D. 1677, 40s.; James Duport,
D.D. 1679, £10.; James Lowry of Peterborough, mer-
chant, by will, 1710, £5. per annum; Thomas Greaves,
alderman, by will, 1750, 125. a year ; George Sharp,
turner, clerk of the parish, by will, 1785, £5.

The Hoop hotel in this parish has long enjoyed
celebrity.(6) The Ram, now a small inn, northward
of the church, is mentioned in 1522, and was probably
once a house of importance, for in 1595, Robert
Brudenell, esq., kept his shrievalty there.

The Cambridge Union society (c) is now erecting
spacious and elegant rooms immediately adjoining the
south eastern end of the church.

(a) Author of " Gleanings from Life's Harvest."

(6) "Onward we drove beneath the Castle; caught

While crossing Magdalene Bridge, a glimpse of Cam;

And at the Hoop alighted, famous Inn."

WORDSWORTH'S Prelude, Book iii.
(c) See p. 187.

VOL. III. BB

HOLY TEINITY.

IN 1174, a dreadful fire consumed this church
and damaged most of the others in the town then
constructed of wood.

The church was afterwards given to the abbey of
West Dereham in Norfolk, (a) by William de Yarmouth,
of Cambridge, vintner. It was appropriated to the
abbat and convent, a vicarage of which they were
the patrons being endowed.

Thomas Arundel, bishop of Ely, on 16 July, 1376,
granted his license to the vicar and parishioners
to change the feast of dedication (which then fell in
the time of Sturbridge fair, when the parishioners
were much occupied with the business thereby occa-
sioned) to the 9th of October.

In 1530, a dispute arose between the vicar and
parishioners as to the mode of electing the parish
officers. (6) Dr. Cliffe, chancellor of the diocese, on
hearing all parties made an order, that from 14 April,
1531, the election should be made by six persons,
namely, two named by the churchwardens, two

(a) This house which was of the Premonstatensian order, was founded
on the feast of the assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, 1188, by
Hubert Walter, then dean of York, afterwards bishop of Salisbury, and
ultimately archbishop of Canterbury.

(6) At this period there were annually elected two wardens of the
church, two wardens of the Sepulchre light, two wardens of the Crucifix
light, two wardens of S. Erasmus's light, two wardens of S. George's light,
and two wardens of our Lady's light. The latter were women.

HOLY TEINITT. 371

by the four auditors and two by the other four
nominees. (a)

The church was visited by William Dowsing,
25 Dec. 1643. He says:

We brake downe 80 Popish Pictures & one of Xt. & God
the Father above.

In the inquisition of Oct. 1650, relative to preach-
ing ministers, it was found that this parish had a
vicarage house worth about 40s. per annum, (6) that
the parishioners had no settled minister or other
maintenance for a minister but the said forty shillings
per annum. The commissioners recommended that
Great S. Andrew's should be united to this parish,
and that the Barnwell part of this parish should be
united to Barnwell.

In this church there were gilds of the Trinity,
S. George, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, S. Clement, S. Catharine and S. Ursula and
the eleven thousand virgins. We also find mention
of images and lights of the Salutation of our Lady,
the Sepulchre, the Rood, and S. Erasmus.

A lectureship was established in this church in
1610, but was soon afterwards suppressed for a little
time.(c)

Amongst the celebrated vicars, lecturers, and
curates of this church, may be mentioned Richard

(a) This mode of election was used in 1572, when the four auditors
are called counsellors.

(6) In a deed of 1661, the vicarage house is stated to adjoin an inn
called the White Horse, and to be situate in Conduit street or Preacher's
street.

(c) Various particulars respecting this lecture may be collected from
Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iii. 138, 168, 229, 467, 485, 526, 527. See
also Carus's Life of Simeon.

BB2

372 HOLY TRINITY.

Sibbs, D.D. master of Catharine hall; John Jeffry,
D.D. fellow of Pembroke hall ; John Preston, D.D.
master of Emmanuel college ; Thomas Goodwin, D.D.
president of Magdalen college, Oxford ; Thomas
Seignior, fellow of Trinity college; John Edwards,
D.D. fellow of S. John's college ; John Warren, D,D.
prebendary of Exeter; Thomas Herring, archbishop
of Canterbury ; Charles Simeon, M. A. fellow of King's
college; Henry Martyn, B.D. fellow of S. John's
college ; Thomas Truebody Thomason, fellow of
Queens' college ; James Scholefield, Regius professor
of Greek; William Carus, M.A. now- canon of Win-
chester; and Charles Clayton, M.A. now rector of
Stanhope.

On the dissolution of the abbey of West Dere-
ham, the patronage of the vicarage devolved on the
crown, (a) but at length the crown failing to present,
the bishop of Ely as diocesan supplied the cure from
time to time by sequestration. Ultimately it came
to be considered as a perpetual curacy in the bishop's
gift, and by an order of the Queen in council, 27
July, 1863, sanction was given to a scheme prepared
by the ecclesiastical commissioners for effecting an
exchange between the bishop of Ely and the rev.
Alfred Peache, of the patronage of the perpetual
curacy of this church, estimated at £160 per annum
net, for the rectory of Girton, Cambridgeshire, esti-
mated at £435 per annum net, with a house.

(a) The following presentations by the crown may be enumerated :
Tho. Godwyn, B.D. 5 Dec. 1633; Ric. Sibbes, D.D. 21 Nov. 1634; Rob.
Tourney, B.D. 4 Sept. 1635 ; Job. Howorth, B.D. 13 May, 1636. Rymer's
Foedera, xix. 440, 536, 776; xx. 133.

HOLY TRINITY. 373

In 1254, the church was valued at 20s. and the
yicarage at 10s. In the taxation of pope Nicholas IV.
made about 1291, the abbat of Dereham was taxed
10s. for the rectory. In the valor of Henry VIII.
the vicarage is charged at £7. 6s. 8d.

The benefice has been augmented by grants from
the governors of queen Anne's bounty as follows :
£200 in 1742; £200 in 1751; £200 in 1779; £200
in 1797; £600 in 1811; and £400 in 1812. Mr.
Peache, the present patron, in 1864 gave £1000
for the augmentation, to which the ecclesiastical
commissioners added the like sum. He has since
offered the commissioners another £1000, which is
now under their consideration, and it is reported
that he intends ultimately to raise the endowment
to £600 a year.

The church is cruciform, but the nave only has
aisles. At the west end is a tower surmounted with
a spire. The tower and spire were much altered
about forty-five years since, when whatever beauty
they may have possessed, was entirely obliterated by
the ignorant craftsmen who were employed.

The porch was not without merit, but its beauty
has been greatly impaired by plaster and other
tasteless alterations.

The tower opens into the church, the eastern arch
was altered from decorated to perpendicular, and
great internal buttresses added in consequence of its
evident settlement, probably in the sixteenth century.

The pier arches on the south side are decorated ;
the clerestory over them and the remainder of the
nave and transepts perpendicular.

374

HOLY TRINITY.

The transepts are of great beauty. They have
each two heights of windows on the east side. These
windows are two five-light windows below, and
three three-light windows above. They are varied,
and are peculiarly excellent in their execution.

The nave, aisles and transepts have handsome
and substantial wooden roofs.

About 1834, the old low vaulted decorated chancel
was taken down, and the present more spacious
structure erected. We believe no architect was em-
ployed. The materials are brick and plaster, the

HOLY TRINITY. 375

details being for the most part contemptible. The
plaster roof is coloured so as somewhat to resemble
the timber roof of the nave. Under the eastern
window is an elaborate but somewhat incongruous
altar screen. The upper portion of the eastern
window came from the old chancel.

The pulpit of artificial stone represented in our
woodcut, was erected about the same time as the
new chancel.

In 1851, the magnificent stone arches that opened
from the crossing of the transepts, were replaced by-
huge sprawling substitutes constructed of brick and
plaster.

There is an organ gallery at the west end. The
almost incomparable transepts and the south aisle
are also disfigured by galleries.

One of the lower windows on the eastern side of
the south transept contains figures of our Saviour
and the four Evangelists. This was erected at the
cost of the late Mr. Charles Clay don, butler of
Trinity college, to the memory of his parents, Charles
and Hannah Clay don, who died in 1809 and 1796.
Some of the other windows in this church have
stained glass of no kind of excellency.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS. (a)

In the church and chancel.

Elizab. Peyton, wid. of Rob. Peyton esq. and eld. dau. of sir
Eic. Anderson of Herlfordsh. knt. [26 April 1659, ag. 53].

*Will. Speckes, 1 Dec. 1666 ; Elizab. his wife, 24 Jan. 1693.

Edw. Lawe, gent. aid. and J.P. 30 May 1676; Edw. Lawe
gent. Nov. 1682.

(a) Those marked with an asterisk are not now visible.

376 HOLT TRESITT.

Sir Rob. Talbor alias Tabor, knt.H "medicos ahngnlaris,
unicos Febrium MaDeus, Garob IT ac Lodoiico XIVs illi
M. Ikhtanije, hinc Gaffia? serenis^^

-EGspaniaram ac Indiamm Regime, serenissuno GraHiaram Del-
phiiK\ pJurimisqoe Principibas, nee non minoram gentium
Doabus, ac Dominb prohatiawi«»r) [bur. 17 MOT. 1681]. His
gnnd&tber Ja. Tabor, eaq. regtstrarj of the WUT. 16 JuL 1615;
his other, Job. Tabor, eaq. registrar to the bishop of Ely, 10
April, 1645 ; his aunts Etixab. late wife of Matthew Whin, 16 Sept.
1677; and Margaret Tabor who died unmarried 24 NOT. 1631,

Sam. Gonant, JLA. feO. Magd. cofl. Oxford and rector of
[Holy Trinity] Dorchester, 18 May, 1706, a*. 30.

•Dorothy, posthumous dan. of Martin Folkes, esq. of Hffling-
ton, STor£ and Dorothy hb wife, b. 36 Oct. 1706, d. 1 Oct. 1710.

*Sosan dan. of Sam. Gatward, eaq. and Elizab. his wife, b.
19 OdL 1706, d. 19 Dec. 1707; gam. their son, b. 4 April, 1713,
d. 9 May, 1712.

Fra. Percy [ald.^ sometime capt of the mXtia in this town
and descended from the ancient and noble family of the Percys
of Alnwkk castle, in Northumberland, 6 May, 1711, art. 67;
Margaret IDS wife, 20 Sept. 1711, ag. 62. They had 6 sons and
6 dan. Fra. Algernon and Hen. served her majesty aboard die
royal nary against France,, the former after many providential
and signal deliverances was made capt. of a fourth rate man of
war, and the other two died in the service, one against Monsieur
Ponti [at Gibraltar] 1705, the other of a maKgnant fever at
Lisbon, 1706.

Edw. Warren, 10 June, 1722, ag. 71; Ann hb wife, 22
March, 1734-5, ag. 75; Edw. hb son, 26 Xov. 1734, ag. 48.

PeD March Gatward, son of Pefl Gatward, esq. and Sarah
Rowland his wife, 12 MOT. 1735, ag. 5 mo.

Pefl Gatward, esq. J J». son of Sam. a celebrated lawyer/**
ed. at Eton and Jes. coD. 27 OdL 1741, act. 32.

m
It mmy be added that ke «» »d-

C*) AstDUaspasn.kKaMHtirjud Aur^JMli. «ee CObdL
* Gtmt^L £. SH-et, 339- in. 40L

(r) SOL Grtratd vac nnvder of Conbodge 111 1-1741.

HOLY TKINITT. 377

Mary, wife of Job. Porter, 18 Aug. 1747.
Will. Mott, aid. 28 Sept. 1772, ag. 78 ; Mary his 2nd wife,
26 Sept. 1755, ag. 74.

Job. Porter, 6 NOT. 1771, art. 71.

Elizab. 43 years wife of Kic. Mee, gent. dan. of sir Job. Jacob,
bart of West Wratting, 22 Jan. 1778, ag. 82 ; Ric. Mee, 28 Dec.
1791, ag. 83.

Mary, wife of WilL Jackson, 5 Oct. 1778, act. 40; Wffl.
Jackson, apothecary, 19 Feb. 1798, act. 60.
Will. Mott, 1785; Susan Mott, 1790.

Mary Ann, ag. 4 years, WUL ag. 10 months, children of
Tho. and Rebecca Mott.

Tho. Hnrlstone, of North Cadbnry, Somersetsh. 13 April,
1790, ag. 44.

Tho. Burleigh James, 17 Jan. 1799, act. 14.
Will. Wallis, 20 NOT. 1799, ag. 48; Mary his wife, 7 Jan.
1796, ag. 50.

Anne Ind, 11 Dec. 1807, ag. 78; Edw. lad, aid. 7 March,
1808, 33t. 57.

Cha. Claydon, 17 Oct. 1809, ag. 51 ; Hannah his wife, 17
Sept. 1796, ag. 36.

Job. Ingle, 27 Dec. 1809, act 48; Susannah, his wife, 4
March, 1836, art. 76.

This tablet is erected to the memory of the KCT. Henry
Martyn, B.D., Fellow of St. John's College and two years
Curate of this Parish. He gained by his talents the highest
Academical honours; but counting all loss for Christ, he left
his native country, and went into the East, as a Chaplain of
the Hon. East India Company. There, haTing faithfully done
the work of an Evangelist, in preaching the Gospel of a Cruci-
fied Redeemer, in translating the Holy Scriptures into the
Oriental Languages, and in defending the Christian Faith in
the heart of Persia against the united talents of the most learned
Mahometans, he died at Tokat on the 16th of October, 1812,
in the 31st year of his age. The chief monuments which he
left of his piety and talents are Translations of the New Testa-
ment into the Hindoostanee and Persian Languages; and by
these he, being dead, yet speaketh. — Pray ye the Lord of At
harvest, that he will send forth labourers into His harvest.

378 HOLY TRINITY.

Cha. Wagstaff, 15 Jan. 1818, set. 53 j Elizab. his wife, 15
Sept. 1821, ag. 48.

Sacred to the memory of the Rev. T. T. Thomason, M.A.
who in 1797 was elected from Magdalen College to be Fellow
and Tutor of Queens' College. He was nearly 12 years Curate
of this Parish. Knowing nothing either in his ministrations or
for the salvation of his own soul, but Jesus Christ and Him
Crucified. In 1808 he accepted an appointment as Chaplain
to the Hon. E. I. Co. with a special designation to the Mission
Church in Calcutta. There he laboured with great success
during the space of 18 years, at which time he was constrained
to return home for the benefit of his beloved wife, who died
on the voyage. After two years residence in Britain, he re-
signed his pension and the Church of the Holy Trinity in
Cheltenham, not enduring to stay in his own country, whilst his
Translation of the Old Testament into Hindoostanee remained
unfinished. He therefore returned to his station in Calcutta
where alone he could have the assistance of learned natives, but
during the voyage he became so ill, that he was constrained to
leave Calcutta, and to seek relief in a more genial climate. He
however only lived to reach the Mauritius where he died on 22nd
of June 1829, aged 55. In Oriental Languages he had few equals.
In labours scarcely any man ever exceeded him. In heavenly-
mindedness and sanctity of life he was what every Christian
Minister should be, a living example of that comprehensive
precept " Give thyself wholly to these things." This tablet was
erected by his affectionate mother E. Dornford.

Esther, relict of Joseph Dornford, esq. of Deptford road,
Kent, 13 Jan. 1835, aet. 82.

In memory of the rev. Cha. Simeon, M.A. sen. fell, of King's
coll. and 54 years vicar of this parish who, whether as the
ground of his own hopes or as the subject of all his ministrations,
determined to know nothing but Jesus Christ and him crucified
(1 Cor. ii. 2), b. 24 Sept. 1759, d. 13 Nov. 1836. Erected by
the congregation.

Mary Ann, wife of rev. Fred. Hose, M.A. curate, 4 March,
1841, ag. 36.

Elizab. relict of rev. Geo. Paddon, M.A. 22 Dec. 1843, ag.
83. Erected by daughters Elizab. Hills and Jane Purchas.

HOLY TRINITY. 379

Hannah, wid. of Rob. Potts, 7 Feb. 1845, ag. 70.

Will. Jardine Purchas, capt. E.N. 2 Jul. 1848, set. 59 ;(•>
Will. Jardine Purchas, his son, 11 April, 1830, set. 7.

Anna Horlick Potts^ wife of Robt. Potts, M.A. of Trin. coll.
b. 18 April, 1812, d. 11 Oct. 1852.

In the old churchyard.

*Joseph Purchas, 1721, ag. 48.

Cha. Cotton Risley, stud. S. Joh. coll. 2nd son of rev. Joh.
Risley and Sarah Anne his wife, of Tingewicke, Bucks, 5 Jan.
1822, ag. 22.

Will. Metcalfe, printer, 12 Nov. 1824, aet. 54; Julia his wife,
5 Feb. 1845, ag. 73.

Joh. Ingle, 18 Nov. 1833, set. 46; Joseph, 2nd son, 9 Jan. 1839,
ag. 17 ; Mary Ann his wife, 16 Sept. 1863, ag. 70.

Adam Fitch, 14 Aug. 1840, set. 63; Theodora his wid. 21
March, 1865, ag. 67.

In the new churchyard.

Ja. Cameron, of Wombwell's Menagerie, No. 2, killed by the
beasts, 26 May, 1852, ag. 24.

Isaac Moule, 35 years town crier, 18 Feb. 1854, ag. 77.

Joh. Page, 4 Feb. 1855, ag. 62.

Justinian Adcock [solicitor], 10 Feb. 1856, ag. 40.

Cha. Claydon, 16 Jan. 1860, ag. 71.

Jannette, 4 dau. of late Tho. Orton, esq. of March, b. 26 March,
1809, d. 31 Jan. 1862.

Ja. Martin, 14 May, 1862, ag. 62.

Hen. Walk's, 15 Aug. 1863, ag. 63.

Geoffrey de Repham burgess and apothecary, in
1363 gave by will to his executors four shops and

(a) Capt. Purchas before he entered the navy was of Christ's coll. He
was mayor 1828 and 1832. There is a memoir of him in Gent. Mag.
N. S. xxx. 205.

(b) Author of a volume of poems.

380 HOLY TKINITY.

a garden in Walls' lane,w charged with finding in
this church yearly for ever, a paschale, two pro-
cessional copes and two torches ; William Edwards,
Doctor of Decrees, vicar, by will, dated 3 Jan. 1478-9,
bequeathed a silver pix, and made provision for
celebration of divine offices for his soul ; Agues Cope,
widow, by will, in 1494, directed services for her
soul for twenty years in this church, and gave 20-
marks to the south aisle if the parishioners went
on with the work ; Emma, wife of Robert Bolton,
and widow of Thomas Kent, and widow and exe-
cutrix of John Adams, by will, in 1503, charged a
messuage, in Cordiners row,(6) with the maintenance
of a yearly dirge and mass for the soul of the said
John Adams ; Thomas Rede, M.D. by will, dated
16 Aug. 1504, bequeathed money to the high altar
and to certain of the gilds in this church, and
directed a priest to celebrate here for the souls of
himself, his parents and benefactors, for the term of
five years; Hugh Chapman, alderman, by will, in
1520, gave £10 towards making the south aisle, and
directed his obiit to be kept in this church for

(a) There were two adjacent lanes so called : Little Walls lane (now
Sussex street) and Great "Walls lane (now King street). They were so
called from abutting on the walls of the friary of S. Francis (now Sidney
college). In the above instance Great Walls lane is no doubt intended.

There is reason to belive that the above mentioned property is iden-
tical with the estate now belonging to the parish. By a decree of chancery
made in 1833 this estate and another in Market street were settled
in trust to raise £1000 for the repair of the church and subject to the
payment of such sum and interest, the rents and profits to be applied
in the repair of the church, the payment of the organist's salary, in pro-
viding sacramental bread and wine, and generally in discharge of ex-
pences which had then lately been paid out of the church rate, the balance,
if any, to be paid to the overseers of the poor.

(b) Also called Shoemaker's row, now Market street.

HOLY TRINITY. 381

twenty years ; Christopher Francke, alderman, by
will, in 1558, gave to the corporation booths in
Sturbridge fair, for the annual obiit of himself and
John Goodwin, sometime one of the bailiffs of the
town; Thomas Peacock, B.D. sometime president of
Queens' college, in 1563, grunted 20s. a year out
of the inn called the Crane, (a) in Shoemaker's row ;
John Waley, 'burgess, by will, in 1569, gave 20s.
to the poor, and 6s. 8d. for a sermon yearly ; Richard
Killing-worth, yeoman, in 1579, erected three alms-
houses on a piece of land in this parish, formerly
called Doll's close, and now Maids' causeway(6) ;
Thomas Ellys, pikemonger, in 1593 gave 6s. Sd. a
year to the poor; Thomas Emons of Barnwell, gave
10s. a year to the poor, issuing out of a tenement
called Cotton hall in Barnwell; Henry Wray, by
will, in 1628, established eight almshouses for the
benefit of this parish (c) ; John Austen, by will, in
1645, gave £5 a year payable out of Paradise close in

(a) The Crane was devised by the before mentioned Thomas Rede, M.D.
in 1504 to Agnes his wife, who in 1521 paid the corporation 4d. per annum
for a common lane from the Market throughout the tenement called the
Crane.

The Crane was used as an inn till 1863.

(6) Killingworth had a lease from the corporation for 99 years, at the
yearly rent of I2d. on 4 Aug. 1579. Under the lease the right of putting in
one of the poor persons was after Killingworth's death to be enjoyed by the
mayor and aldermen, and of another by the twenty-four or common council.
It does not appear that these rights were ever exercised. The almshouses
•were subsequently in the hands of the officers of this parish, to whom 21
year's leases were granted by the corporation 16 Aug. 1654; 29 Sept. 1672;
16 Aug. 1703; 7 Jan. 1723-4; 25 April, 1732; 26 Feb. 1739-40; 29 May,
1747; 26 Aug. 1754 ; 11 Jan. 1763; 24 Aug. 1771. In 1723 the almshouses
had been taken down and the rent of the site was raised from I2d. to 7s. Qd.

It was at one time intended that Downing college should have been
erected on Dolls close.

382 HOLY TRINITY.

Grantchester, for a distribution to the poor on S.
Thomas's day; John Dixon, in 1696, gave £20 for
coals and bread for the poor ; four maidens of this
parish are entitled to places in the almshouses,
founded under the will of Edward Story{o) ; William
Mott, alderman, in 1762, settled £11 a year for two
annual sermons in this church, (6) and for distribution
to the poor of this and other parishes ; James Bur-
leigh, alderman, in 1800, gave an altar-piece; Eliza-
beth Goodall, by will, dated 1809, gave money for
apprenticing poor children of this parish(c) ; the rev.
A. H. Rumboll, curate, (1857-62), gave the glass
of three windows.

Southward of the church was a house for legists,
known as Trinity hostel. The manciple of this hostel
is one of the persons mentioned as entitled to scholars
privilege in the schedule, to the great composition
between the university and town made in 1503. It
is supposed that this hostel ceased to be used for
academical purposes about 1540.

Ai the back of the southern side of Green street
and in this parish was a chapel, originally occupied
by a society of independents, who were succeeded
by the Wesleyan methodists, who in 1850, removed
to a spacious chapel in Hobson street, also in this
parish.

(a) Seep. 176.

(6) Aid. Mott who was a wealthy attorney used to attend these sermons
during his life. The first sermon was preached by John Sharp, B.D. fellow
of Corpus Christi colL, from this text : " And, behold a certain lawyer stood
up, and tempted him saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal
life?" (Luke x. 25).

HOLY TRINITY. 383

The celebrated prelate Jeremy Taylor, bishop
of Down, Connor and Dromore, was born in this
parish, (a) and baptised 15 Aug. 1613. His father
Nathaniel Taylor, a barber, married at this church
Mary Drage, 13 Oct. 1605. He was churchwarden
of this parish in 1621, and was buried here 30 Sept.
1630. Mary, his widow, was also buried here
18 Dec. 1631.

(a) See p. 218. The situation of the house in which he was born has
not been ascertained.

END OF VOL. III.

CORRECTIONS.

p. 138, line 17, for 1850, Henry Staples Foster, esq., read 1849, Henry Staples

Foster, esq. ; 1850, William Warren, esq.
line 23, add 1862, Henry Smith, esq. ; 1863, Henry Hemington Harris, esq. ;

1864, 1865, Swann Hurrell, esq.
p. 324, line 25, for 1814, read 1817.

line 34, for Edw. Jon. Aug. read Colonel Job. Octavius, and /or 1850,

read 1855.
line 35, for 1850, read 1858.

W. Metcalfe, Printer, Green Street, Cambridge.

University of California

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