Menthaceae of Nevada

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‘CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD
A FLORA OF NEVADA. NO. 20

MENTHACEAE OF NEVADA
by

O.. MM, JFREEMAN

March 14, 1942.

Issued by

The Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction,
Bureau, of Plant Industry,
<U.. S. Department of Agriculture,
f Washington, D.C.

~- -~ -

Work Projects Administration of Nevada,
Projects, 0. P. 65-2-04-13, W. P. 658;
O. Py 165-2-04-21, We P. 752,

Collaborator:

University of Nevada.

- Address all queries’ concerning this publication to. the Division
» /of-Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry,
» U..S.. Department :of Agriculture) Washington, D.C.

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CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD
A FLORA OF NEVADA. NO. 20

MENTHACEAE OF NEVADA
by
O. M. FREEMAN

March 18, 1941,

Issued by P

The Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction,
Bureau of Plant Industry,
U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

- = =

Work Projects Administration of Nevada,
Projects, 0. P, 65-2-04-13, w. P. 658;
QO. P. 165-2-04-21, W. P. 752.

a =

Collaborator

University of Nevada.

Address all queries concerning this publication to the Division
of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry,
U. S, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

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MENTHACEAE OF NEVADA

By O. M. Freeman

Herbs or shrubs, stems usually square, leaves opposite, extip-
ulate and mostly glandular-aromatic, corolla mostly 2-lipped but
sometimes nearly regular, stamens didynamous, sometimes 2 of these
aborted or wanting. Ovary deeply l-lobed, forming a fruit of 4
seedlike, siugle-seeded nutlets, surrounding the base of the single
style, in the bottom of the gamosepalous calyx. Upper lip of the
gamopetalous corolla usually 2-lobed, the lower 43-lobed. Stamens
borne on the corolla tube; anthers mostly 2-celled but sometimes
one of these modified and non-pollen bearing. Style usually 2-

lobed at the summit.

KEY TO GENERA
1. Calyx 2-lipped, the lips entire.
2. Shrubby plant up to 1 meter high, calyx inflated in fruit.
4, Salazaria,
2. Herbs; calyx with a projection on the back - 4, Scutellaria.
1, Calyx 2-lipped or nearly regular, when 2-lipped, these are
lobed and erect or spreading.
3. Calyx bearing 10 spinulose recurved teeth - - 5, Marrubium.
3. Calyx with various lobing but not with 10 spinulose re-

curved teeth.

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4, Calyx more or less irregular.
5. Fertile stamens 2.
6. Stamens with a single normal anther cell, the
connective elongated - - -- - - 13. Salvia.
6. Stamens with 2 anther cells, the connective
not elongated ------+----s- 14, Hedeoma.
5. Fertile stamens 4,
7. Calyx with the uppermost tooth much the largest,
the other four teeth nearly equal.
8, Dracocephalum.
7. Calyx with the upper lip flat and 3-toothed,
the lower 2-cleft ------- 9, Prunella.
4. Calyx regular or nearly so.
8. Corolla regular or nearly so.
9. Corolla tube very slender or filiform and more
or less bent --- ----- 2. Trichostema.
9. Corolla tube funnel-form, straight or nearly so.
10. Nutlets truncate at the summit, as long or
longer than the calyx tube; flowers in
dense axillary whorls - - - 16. Lycopus.
10. Nutlets rounded at the summit, included in
the tubular calyx; flowers in axillary
clusters or interrupted spikes.
17. Mentha.
8. Corolla 2-lipped.

11. Flowers in dense terminal clusters subtended by

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broad membranous bracts - - ~ 15. Monardella.
11. Flowers variously disposed but not in dense
terminal clusters subtended by broad
membranous bracts.
12. Leaves palmately cleft or parted; flow-
ers in axillary glomerules.
11. Leonurus,
12. Leaves toothed or crenate.

13. Leaves subtending the upper flower
clusters clasping, crenate-
toothed or cut - - - 10, Lamium.

14. Leaves subtending the upper flowers,
petioled or merely sessile.

14. Calyx 5- or 10-ribbed, more or
less campanulate. iInflores-
cence raceme-like.

15. Upper lip of corolla very
short, the lower 3-lobed.
Villous-hirsute peren-
nial; leaves ovate-oblong
to lanceolate, corolla
pink or white; nutlets
united - - - l. Teucriun,

15. Upper lip of the corolla
nearly equaling the low-
er; nutlets distinct.

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14, Calyx 15-ribbed, tubular or nar-
rowly campanulate; leaves
cordate-ovate, toothed.

16. Calyx densely white-pubes-
cent, the teeth long
spinulose; corolla white;
flowers in axillary
cymes - - - —- 7. Nepeta.

16. Calyx sparingly pubescent,
the teeth not long-spin-
ulose; corolla pink to
violet; flowers in spike-
like panicles.

6. Agastache.

1. TEUCRIUM L. Germander.

Ours an upright perennial herb, 3 to 9 dm. high. Calyx 5-
toothed. The 4 upper lobes of the corolla nearly equal and the 4
stamens exserted from a deep slit between the two upper lobes,

Anther cells united.

1. TEUCRIUM OCCIDENTALE A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2(1): 349. 1878.
Stem hairy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, white-hairy beneath;
calyx and bracts bearing viscid glandular hairs.

California to Canada and eastward. Although Nevada is

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within the range of this plant, no specimen from that State

has been seen by the writer.

2. TRICHOSTEMA L.

Herbs with entire leaves; flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx
nearly equally 5-cleft. Corolla with nearly equal oblong lobes,
tube in our two species slender and curved. Stamens with long

curved capillary filaments; anther-cells divergent.

KEY TO SPECIES
Plant soft-villous, seldom glandular; leaves oblong oval; calyx
lobes narrow; corolla 7 mm. long - - --- - - 1. T. oblongum.
Plant glandular-villous; leaves ovate-lanceolate; calyx-lobes

broais corolla 4 mm, lone = -)2 = = == == = 2. T. simulatun.

1. TRICHOSTEMA OBLONGUM Benth. Labiat. Gen. Sp. 659. 1835.

Weak annual, 1 to 3 dm. high, simple or branched. Leaves
pubescent, oval or oblong, 2 to 3.5 cm. long. The many-flow-
ered cymes glomerate and short pedunculate. Calyx villous,
the narrow lobes longer than the tube.

Nevada to California and northward to Idaho and Washington.

No specimen from Nevada seen by the writer.

2, TRICHOSTEMA SIMULATUM Jepson, Man. Fl. Plants Cal. p. 862.
1925.

Similar to the above, but conspicuously glandular villous.

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Probably occurs in Washoe County, Nevada, extending west-
ward and northwestward to Siskiyou County, California. No spe-

cimen from Nevada seen by the writer.

Se SALAZARTA Torr.

Shrub with divaricate spinescent branchlets. Calyx with 2
short truncate entire lips, enlarged and bladderlike in fruit.
Fertile stamens 4. Corolla e-lipped, purplish; the upper lip
erect, galeate; lower lip with a broad central lobe with recurved

sides.

1. SALAZARTA MEXICANA Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. pl.
39. 1859.
Intricately branched bush, 6 to 12 dm. high. Leaves
glabrous, ovate or oblong. Corolla 17 to 22 mm. long.
Desert areas: Southern Nevada, Clark, Lincoln and Esmer-

alda Counties, and California. Also in Mexico.

4, SCUTELLARIA L. Skullcap.

Ours perennial herbs, the flowers solitary in the leaf axils;
calyx campanulate, closed after the corolla falls; corolla with
an exserted tube, dilated at the throat. Stamens 4, ae ee
under the upper lip. Lower stamens with l-celled anthers, the

upper 2-celled.

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KEY TO SPECIES
1. Leaves crenate, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, truncate or
cordate at base --+#------+---- 1, S. galericulata,
1. Leaves entire or sometimes with the lowermost shallowly and
remotely crenate, not truncate or cordate at the base.

2, Corolla usually yellowish; leaves obovate to oblong; stems
mostly less than 15 cm. high, pubescent with downwardly
curved hairs and usually eglandular ---- 2 S. nana.

2. Corolla blue or violet; leaves ovate to elliptical, ob-
tuse, the base rounded or abruptly cuneate, stems
mostly more than 15 cm. high, pubescent with upwardly
curved hairs, capitate glands often present.

3. S. antirrhinoides.

1. SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA L. Sp. Pl. 599. 1/753.

Scutellaria epilobiifolia Hamilton in Ann. Soc. Linn,

Lyon 1: 32, 1832.

Plant 3 to 9 dm. high, puberulent to pubescent, Leaves
oblong-lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, short-petioled, or
the upper sessile, apex acute, dentate or the upper entire,
the base rounded or subcordate. Flowers solitary in the
axils, about 25 mm. long,

Swampy places and along streams. Throughout most of
temperate North America except the far South. No specimen
from Nevada seen by the writer but it is to be looked for in

the northern and eastern parts of the State,

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SCUTELLARIA NANA A. Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. 11: 100. 1876,
Scutellaria footeana Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 19: 118. 1894.
Plant cinereous with short curving retrorse hairs, the

stems mostly less than 15 cm. high, branches crowded. Leaves

oblong-elliptical to spatulate, 10 to 15 mm. long, narrowed
to a nearly sessile base, thickish, rounded at the apex,
usually crowded and erect along the stems. Corolla yellowish

(usually yellow on dried specimens), about 18 mm. long, lips

equal and throat dilated.

Moist plains and hills, Oregon, Wyoming, Idaho, Califor-
nia and Nevada, where known from Washoe, Elko, White Pine,

and Nye Counties.

SCUTELLARIA ANTIRRHINOIDES Benth. in Edwards! Bot. Reg. 18:
sub. pl. 1493. 1832.
Scutellaria viarum Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 3e. 1904.
Scutellaria sanhedrensis Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 31,
1904,
Scutellaria nevadensis Hastwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 30:
492, 1903.
Stems several from the base, the fine close pubescence
of upwardly curved hairs; the ovate-elliptical leaves with
short petioles, 5 to 15 mm. long; corollas up to 22 mm. long,
the nearly straight tube enlarged above the calyx and flar-
ing upward. Moist or dry soil.

Idaho, Nevada and Utah; westward and southwestward to

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California. Specimens from Lander, Humboldt, White Pine,
Elko, and Eureka Counties, Nevada, have been examined by the
writer. Reported also from Lincoln and Pershing Counties.

5. MARRUBIUM L. Horehound.

Whitish lanate perennials, branched at the base. Leaves cren-

ate, or cut and more or less rugose. Flowers in dense axillary

whorls. Calyx teeth mostly spiny-pointed, spreading or recurved

at maturity. Corolla labiate, the upper lip erect and notched,

the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4,

1.

MARRUBIUM VULGARE L. Sp. Pl. 5&3. 1753.

Stems erect or ascending, leaf blades broad-ovate, petioled
and crenate. Calyx with 10 teeth which are recurved at matur-
ity. Waste places throughout most of North America. Natural-
ized from Europe. Often an abundant weed on sheep ranges
where it spreads rapidly because of the hooked calyx lobes
which catch into the sheep wool.

Nevada: Washoe, Lander and Storey Counties. Probably more
abundant in the State than is indicated by the herbarium ma-

terial available for examination.

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6. AGASTACHE Clayt.

Tall perennial herbs with white, pink or purplish flowers

borne in dense or interrupted terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx

flaring-tubular, 15-nerved, 5-toothed. The upper pair of the 4

exserted stamens declined, the lower and shorter pair ascending.

1.

AGASTACHE URTICIFOLTA (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 51l.

1891.

Lophanthus urticifolius Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15:

subs Bi, 1282, 1629,

Stems 0.5 to 1.5 m. tall; foliage and upper branches
glabrous or puberulent. Calyx lobes thin, whitish to pink or
purplish. Corolla pinkish to purplish.

Valleys and dry flats, Colorado to Montana and westward
to California end British Columbia. Nevada: Washoe, Lander,

Elko, Ormsby, Eureka and probably other counties.

{- NEPETA L. Catmint.

Perennial herbs with mostly branched stems. Leaves dentate

or incised, white or bluish flowers in terminal spikes, axillary

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or cymose. Calyx 15-nerved, obscurely 2-lipped. Corolla 2-lipped,

expanded above.

spreading.

The upper lip erect and the lower lip 4-lobed and

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i. NEPETA CATARTA L, Sps Ple 570. 1755.

Stems erect, soft hairy; leaves petioled, oblong with cor-
date base; corolla whitish, spotted with purple. Flower clus-
ters approximate at the ends of the stems and branches; some-
times forming interrupted spike-like racemes.

A common weed naturalized from Europe. Throughout most
parts of North America. Nevada: Washoe, Lander, Storey, Elko,

Lincoln and Ormsby Counties.

S. DRACOCEPHALUM (Tourn.) L. Dragonhead.

Our single species, an annual or biennial herb, 15 to 75 cm.
high, Leaves mostly lanceolate and slender-petioled, those on the
upper part of the stem with sharp-pointed acuminate teeth. The
whorls of flowers which are subtended by awn-pointed leafy bracts
are disposed in a terminal head or spike. The light blue corolla
little exceeding the 5-toothed calyx, its upper lip notched, the

lower lip 3-lobed, with the middle lobe largest and notched.

1. DRACOCEPHALUM PARVIFLORUM Nutt. Gen. 2: 35. 1818.
Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britton in Britton & Brown,
Tliueer,. Fly ed, 2, 3: 114. 1913.
Stony calcareous soil. New York to Southern Canada and
westward to Arizona and northward to Alaska,

Nevada: Elko, White Pine, Nye, Lander and Lincoln Counties.

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9. PRUNELLA L. Healall.

Perennial simple or branched herbs; leaves petioled and with
small purple or white flowers in dense bracted heads or spikes.
Calyx tubular or narrow bell-shaped, closed in fruit, the upper lip
broad, the lower lip of 2 lanceolate teeth, the corolla tube in-
flated and 2-lipped, upper lip arched, the lower ieeakate. 3-
lobed. Stamens 4+, 2-toothed at the apex of the longer pair, one

tooth bearing the anther, the other sterile.

1. PRUNELLA VULGARIS L. Sp. Pl. 600. 1753.

Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, entire or with short
teeth; stem leaves mostly glabrous, basal leaves sparsely
hairy. Bracts of the inflorescence broadly ovate-orbicular,
cuspidate and ciliate.

One of the commonest and widely distributed weeds in North
America where it is found in fields, lawns, waste places, and
in open woods.

Nevada: Washoe, Elko, and Douglas Counties. Naturalized

from the Old World.
10, LAMIUM (Tourn.) L. Deadnettle.
Ours a single annual or winter-annual with weak stems which are

branched at the base. Leaves nearly orbicular, coarsely crenate,

the lower petioled, the upper which subtend the flower clusters

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are sessile-clasping. Corolla purplish, the tube slender, up to
1.5 em. long, the lower lip 3-lobed with the lateral lobes very
small, lighter in color and spotted, the upper lip with a tuft of
hairs at the summit. The flowers of late fall and early spring

are frequently cleistogamous.

1. LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE L. Sp. Pl. 579. 1753.
A common weed in cultivated ground and waste places in
most parts of Temperate North America. Naturalized from
Europe. No specimen from Nevada seen by the writer but it is

to be expected near buildings and in cultivated soil.

ll. LEONURUS L. Motherwort.

Erect herbs with deeply-lobed petioled leaves. Calyx nearly
equally 5-toothed, tubular-campanulate, Tube of the corolla about
as long as the calyx. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper oblong and en-
tire and the lower 3-lobed and spreading. Stamens 4, the longer

pair ascending under the upper lip.

1. LEONURUS CARDIACA L. Sp, Pl, 584, 1753.
Puberulent perennial with stems 0.5 to 1.5 m. high.
Leaves thin, slender petioled, the lower nearly round, and pal-
mately 3- to 5-cleft, the floral leaves 3-cleft, wedge-shaped at
the base. Flowers in dense whorls in the axils of the upper

leaves, Corolla pale purple, but sometimes pink or white, the

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upper lip bearded.

Waste places, near buildings and in cultivated ground.
Throughout most of Temperate North America.

Nevada: Lender County. Naturalized from Europe. Also in

Asia.

12, STACHYS (Tourn.) L. Hedge-nettle.

Annual or perennial herbs with erect or decumbent stems. Va-
riously pubescent or glabrous. Corolla with the upper lip erect
or spreading, entire or nearly so; the lower lip 3-lobed and
spreading, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4, the anterior pair
longer, all ascending under the upper lip. Flowers few to many
in terminal racemes or spikes. Calyx campanulate or tubular-cam-

panulate, 5-toothed, the teeth usually nearly equal.

KY TO SPECIES
Plant lanate or soft-tomentose; leaves ovate or oblong, often cor-
date, crenate; corolla white - --------- 1. S. albens.
Plant hirsute or pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate;

Corolia rosd—colored or purplish « = « « = « <= «= 2, S. pilosa.

1. STACHYS ALBENS A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 347. 1868.
Stem erect, 0.6 to 1.5 m. tall; leaves ovate to lanceolate,
rounded or cordate at base, 4+ to 10 cm. long, the lower with

petioles up to 3 cm. long, diminishing successively at each

prae
A aa ink 2

a . “2%. wee
sh a, hay rn $ r woe sate
a at i & os ee” ee |
er F x fe 4
(eas { et or

i SS or

we Zisean

EP Eee sy ic?
Ae ate

«Piha & ok
Side tge Saas

15

node until nearly sessile at the lowest whorl of flowers,
Flowers in a dense spike-like raceme, or the whorls sometimes
remote. Calyx teeth about 3/5 as long as the tube, awn-poin-
ted. In wet soil along streams and near springs.

Nye County, Nevada, to the inner Coast Ranges of Cali-

fornia.

2, STACHYS PILOSA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil, 7: 48. 1834,
Stachys scopulorum Greene, Pittonia 3: 342, 1898.
S. palustris pilosa (Nutt.) Epling, Rep. Spec. Nov. Fedde
60: G5. 195%.

Stem 4.5 dm. high (average), hirsute with weak spreading
hairs somewhat glandular; leaves pubescent on both sides, ser-
rate, 5 to 10 cm. long. Corolla rose to purplish and marked
with darker spots.

Moist or wet soil. New Mexico to Washington and Minnesota
and northward into Canada. Nevada: Washoe, Elko, and Lander

Counties,

13. SALVIA L. Sage.

Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Stems and branches leafy
or the leaves mostly basal. Leaf-blades ranging in type from en-
tire, crenate or serrate to pinnate. Flowers solitary in the ax-
ils or disposed in racemes or spikes, these often paniculate. Ca-

lyx 2-lipped, the upper 4-toothed or the middle tooth minute or

‘
ot

f=

Bat
Rea
’

% F

ar HTT AER
cor

» 5
7
ors

4

we

atone oe

wes

Seren
ela wees

16

obsolete; the lower 2-toothed or these united into one. Corolla
2-lipped, the upper lip sometimes notched at the summit, the lower
lip usually 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2; filaments short,
jointed with the elongated connective, the upper portion of which
extends under the upper lip of the corolla and bears a l-celled
anther, the lower portion °f which is usually reflexed toward the
base of the corolla and is sterile or sometimes bears an imperfect
anther. he reflexed portions of the connectives are sometimes
parallel and approximate or these may be broadened and joined at

their extremities.

KEY TO SPECIES
1. Plant annual, leaves once or twice pinnatifid; flowers in
pedunculate heads -----+-+---+---- 1. S. columbariae.
1. Plant an undershrub, 2 to 7 dm high, leaves not pinnatifid.
2, Flowers mostly in solitary heads, leaves oblong, acutish,
crenulate and rugose --------- 2. S. mohavensis.
2. Flowers in interrupted spikes, leaves obovate to oblong-
spatulate, obtuse or retuse, usually entire and not
rugose.
3. Corolla 1,2-1.5 em. long, the tube evenly hairy within;
bracts 1 cm. or less long = -+-- - Be S. carnosa.
4, Corolla about 2 cm. long, the tube with a transverse
bane of heirs: bracts 1.2-2.5 cm. long,

4, S. pachyphylla,.

~
ta

1.

17

SALVIA COLUMBARIAE Benth. Labiat. Gen. and Sp, 302. 1833.
Well developed plants with several stems from the base.
These are 8 to 40 cm. high and bear 1 or 2 pairs of leaves and
1 or 2 whorls of flowers. Stems sometimes branched in strong
plants. Leaves mostly basal, bipinnatifid, rugose, 3 to 7 cm.

long and petioled. Bracts subtending the flower whorls are
mostly broad ovate, acuminate and cuspidate tipped. Calyx
oblique at the summit, the upper lip crowned with a sharp
prickle, the lower lip crowned with two shorter prickles; cor-
olla blue, about as long as the calyx; the upper lip emargi-
nate, lower lip with a central 2-lobed division with small
lateral lobes on each side.

Nevada: Washoe, Lincoln, Clark and Lyon Counties; Cali-

fornia and southward to Arizona.

SALVIA MOHAVENSIS Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892,

Stems 30 to 60 dm. high, puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate,
acute or sometimes obtusish, reticulate below, 12 to 20 mm,
long, the slender petioles about 1/3 as long as the blades;
flowers normally in terminal heads; bracts ovate or oval, whit-~-
ish, about l2 mm. long; corolla blue, 2-lipped, the upper lip
notched, the lower with 2 nearly equal lobes,

Eastern Mohave Desert, California, and Clark County,

Nevada.

16

3. SALVIA CARNOSA Dougl. ex Hall, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1469.

1831.

Audibertia incana Benth, in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1469.

LE 5h.
Not Salvia incana Mart. & Gal. 1644.

Audibertiella argentea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36:

683. 1909.

A broad shrub 20 to 70 cm. high, the upper parts of the
stems leafy; leaves mostly obovate or spatulate, obtuse or re-
tuse, mostly entire, cinereous as are also the stems; flowers
in interrupted svikes, the subtending bracts thin, colored,
obovate or oval; calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip broad, crowned
with 4 short teeth, the lower composed of 2 obtuse lobes; co-
rolla blue, about 12 mm, long, 2-lipped, the upper lip cleft,
its lobes erect, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger
than the lateral; stamens exserted.

Arizona to Utah, westward to California and northward to
Washington. Nevada: Washoe, Storey, Lyon, Ormsby, Mineral,

Esmeralda, Eureka, Nye, Clark, and Lincoln Counties.

SALVIA PACHYPHYLLA Epling in Munz, Man. South. Cal. Bot. 445,
1935. ) |
Audibertia incana pachystachya A, Gray, Syn. Fl. ed.:2,
Suppl, to Vol. 21: 461, 1886,
Salvia carnosa compacta Hall, Univ. Cal, Pub. Bot, 1:

Lid, 190Ls

. . te ‘ zh ay Pane x . NS te’ rf athe tia ‘ i
+
ahaa
‘ ‘ ¥ “= 8 . ‘ . Dec Fay Z
. ? « :. ‘ oe week ‘ .
Bh, :
a
t 4 ; 5 Ot. Oley Aims py . es
‘c ‘ . eay . . ’ - ‘ t AI
” ttre vive) | swapremminmee ih
‘ at k 2 - c
- ats ‘ e; .
- ‘ « % a Sy Me ;
-~* - . * ‘ . * .
try eee SUD. 7 = ot aOR
Fas GAR my
Zz
o on * : Aes earl p .
. ; 2 Aa hip de ae eee . an : Soros
; Wings exis “«
. 6 oe ” "
. ye t Pfad= io As ms 4
‘ ’
F ‘ : : A syeat ‘ Ny Sect sep neened ,
ae r . oe hod . = bY . Fy) %
: = ers E Pat - . se te ‘
reel rao 7 4 es. ‘ -. > un a oy “
. £ .
cj : . :
” . C . el) Or r Fhe ls
oy . .) ‘ ‘ Sy f
o- é ' : f e> ‘ if
+ ra oor Cpa ae A a iets #9 abe AM ee ak i
2B a : P as " wt NeW) 9 oc
. a ¢ a aha % Oey an oa res i Bal te 1
- % ee fat $ * weet 8 . “~ . . - = we . .
. . ei = . die “
Es ye ae te or = tee 2 ‘
f E v a Bau i reco . ere ily ED ee
P t 5 ao iUeS ost
. 5 : oe a Chanets an) 5 Wy cate Wi:
. per Cee ‘ « Bay Bye atan é : 5 ges Del 2
ve 2
La
SEG pik tl ae) rat hale fer oy . a . - gee 5 ive ,
« . Beal is ie se! . : zs Const ann
A be Por ee a tee ene oes case Rew er mrey ete Ff
‘
: ¢ F ef
, .
a Peso Seles tH,
« i . 4 a & his an e re) U
ag ras. oul aes oe
Ms + ¥ . ie 4 ° - .

19

Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, petioles short, whoris of
the inflorescence mostly crowded; bracts purple; calyx about

12 mm. long; corolla about 20 mm. long.

1+. HEDEOMA Pers.

Ours perennial herbs with small leaves which are entire or
sparingly and shallowly toothed. Flowers in axillary clusters;
calyx 13-nerved, tubular, gibbous at the base, throat hairy and
more or less constricted, 2-lipped, the lower lip 2-toothed and
longer than the 3-toothed upper lip. Fertile stamens 2 and us-
ually a pair of short sterile filaments or these wanting. Cor-
olla 2-lipped, the throat little enlarged, the erect upper lip

entire or 2-lobed, the lower lip with 4 spreading lobes.

KEY TO SPECIES
Calyx teeth not connivent, the upper reflexed; calyx tube 3-5 mm.
long; leaf blades mostly ovate acute - ----=-- 1. H. nanum,
Calyx teeth connivent at maturity and nearly closing the tube
which is 5-7 mm long; leaf blades mostly elliptical-oblong

or the upper nearly linear -----+---- 2. H. drummondii.

1. HEDEOMA NANUM (Torr.) Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4
(3a): 294. 1896,
Hedeoma dentata nana Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot.

130, 1859.

oes ataretet

te

BO ASS

la.

20

Hedeoma thymoides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 2: 368. 1878.
Stems erect or ascending, retrorse-pubescent, 10-30 cm.
high; leaves ovate, mostly entire, 5-10 mm. long; short petio-
late or nearly sessile; corolla tube little exceeding the ca-

lyx, hairy within above the middle.
Rocky dry soils. Clark County, Nevada, to western Texas

and southward.

HEDEOMA NANUM subsp. CALIFORNICUM Stewart. Rep. Spec. Nov.
Fedde 115: 29. 1939.
Stems tufted, 10-15 cm. high, upper parts thinly covered
with retrorse hairs; leaves 5-6 mm. long; calyx tube 4.5 mm.
long and the corolla tube 4-5 mm. long.

Near Good Springs, Clark County, Nevada, adjacent Arizona

'and California.

HEDEOMA DRUMMONDII Benth., Lab. Gen. and Sp. 36%. 1836.
H. ciliata Nutt. Journ, Acad. Sci. Phila. n.s. 1: 183.
1847.
H. sancta Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 287. 1896.
H. serpyllifolia Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 287.
1896.
H. longiflora Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36: 695, 1909,
H. camporum Rydb. Flora Rocky Mts. 750. 1917.

H. ovata A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 31: 245. 1904.

Perennial, the older plants with a woody base; stems

Nee f
ah)

Le
Z

rine to, Perit cme ers,

eons
A aR

A 2 f { Ps aoe --
5 * 3 . ‘aie fUL: q
-
ee | 1 ” "
+ z .
* = = 1 Ay as Bs
) S Ta a
y + “
é y Lise : % ; San
. . ne apelie
ae . : 4 fe AD Mf) ty, tes £ mie g i AM
ae ih nen : ; j eter Es nee
a Weed aici
Cnt ay. SEL PAA Oe
ae rl i

:
a) ye eee
Raha Arise

'

retrorse pubescent, ascending or rarely procumbent, 10 to 30
em. high; leaf blades 1 to 2 cm. long, short petioled, oblong
or the lower oval, those subtending the flower clusters near-
ly linear, entire and pubescent; calyx 5-7 mm, long, hispid,
enlarged below the middle, the teeth approximate and closing
the opening or nearly so, the lower teeth nearly double the
upper in length; corolla tube 4 to & mm. long.

Dry soil. Montana and Wyoming, southward to Arizona, New
Mexico and Mexico. Enters our range in the eastern part of
Lincoln County, Nevada. To be expected also in the eastern

part of Clark County, Nevada.
15. MONARDELLA Benth.

Low annual or perennial herbs with fragrant odor; leaves en-
tire or serrate; flowers in terminal heads on the stems or branch-
es, these subtended by conspicuous involucral bracts. Calyx near-
ly regular, mostly 13-15 nerved, narrowly tubular, nearly equally
5-toothed. Corolla commonly rose-purple, 2-lipped, the upper lip
erect, 2-cleft, the lower 4-parted, all the lobes narrow and sub-

equal, Fertile stamens 4, somewhat exserted.

KEY TO SPECIES
1. Plant annual; stems simple or branched above - 1. M. lanceolata.

1. Plant perennial; stems several from the base, usually simple.

way
hob Phe. ents 9 LENG. ial oe: Pag ie

Suspeqotion Soa: oe tiiee steventl, we. :
Pm, Le wR ee! hoggd cow ite
ee adh. Sor Ra tee |
Atperet; ae , TORR.
ess. COO 2h OG
vee laa. tee” oobmelt

sie. Yreaed eLaoes,

Preis

dh “tine Sia

i OR a Se

Ws

Cora ‘ a . Aue
SON Akh, -

bles ese 4 nits
BS pblanae te Hoes

eee he wnciy a)

eared Pa

Kee eae a

sbalaaeiaeea ere

) me

2. Leaves lanceolate, stem and foliage greenish or glaucous-
appearing - ---------+--- 2. M. odoratissima,
2. Leaves oblong-linear, stem and foliage silvery white.

He M. linoides.

1. MONARDELLA LANCEOLATA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 102.

1876. )

Madronella lanceolata (A. Gray) Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs.

1:°169. 1906.

Stems 10-50 cm, tall, puberulent or glabrous below; leaves
lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, 1-5 cm. long, obtusish, nar-
rowed to petioles 5-15 mm, long; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acute, the lower leaf-like, the upper thinner and often tinged
with purple, calyx 6-3 mm, long, smooth or hairy, teeth ovate-
triangular, acute, corolla 12-15 mm. long, slightly exserted.

Washoe, Ormsby and Douglas Counties, Nevada, and to Cali-

fornia and Arizona.

2. MONARDELLA ODORATISSIMA Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 332. 1834.
Monardella glauca Greene, Pittonia 4: 321. 1901.
M. parvifolia Greene, Pl. Baker 3: 22. -1901.

M. muriculata Greene, Pittonia 5: 84. 1902.

I

M. rubella Greene, Pittonia 5: 84. 1902,
M. pallida Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 26. 1904,

Stems 15 to 40 cm high, leaves and stems greenish or

GEOR, SOP RTEy 9 Bt a % YS. . at

4 q ; d a
wee ve we Tee ake : woe is ee UO dug
' ve # 4 ae Ps OG LS ed Pee Caen) AES AA eat
; . . i ‘ Aa a ta ei é “cn 4 ¥ Sel ete keg oime yA hy vba dy i ABN eae

ea! : Ny),
2! a mt, hae uf I / ‘
. ere rr q j [

Cre: Noterodus. Ae gad OO ames ne

Ph tee, , eteltede Amand ali ok. ees -semreenog etait

ob re) tan & re? @ wwe e + !
i F are es! at rt oe PAS i
iia
we ¢ i
7 Rs det Gee: FS ae ee 5 ee ob he aris ) a
1 wh =: a ‘ eke ‘sal + : i
wa
1 wT
” 7 ek Gk: 2 ee uy i aes bit aid “he
7 4 ee en u , 7’ ° : u ee y ‘ ey
Lem EF j
i)
i) e ,
y ¥
. ce * bteey 5 on : a7 We, G . ;
wet 2 ay s . @ - ’ ‘ F % ae ‘

P zt , ¥ P 5a NY ACEI eu Pats uy’ Se hye tigy anit
PPat ag: “Ane od UTED « RR AS eR yee ta an

as
Petes Sock the

igh oe ua
pees vgs . ty
. 2 eh 2 a ’ : 5 » ee
thie. Epae : het) Bae ie
Ci ge) apa _e
.
Nat ‘ 2 PET 1d
‘ ® P h hue a
Wl see , : eet
. .
Fl
- mire
7 ;
5 + .
. 7 ore
. % Fad Frey Wiese AN fe res
4 R ores

23

pale, smooth or minutely pubescent; leaves ovate to lanceolate,
entire, 1 to 3 cm. long, short-petioled or nearly sessile;
bracts thin, pinkish or pinkish-purple, the lowest pair often
leaflike; calyx about & mm. long, pubescent, the teeth acute;
corolla tube pubescent, exserted from the calyx; stamens ex-
serted from the corolla tube, the longer pair exceeding the
corolla-lobes.

Dry hills and mountains, California to Utah and northward
to Washington. Nevada: Washoe, Humboldt, Storey, Ormsby,
Lyon, Douglas, Mineral, Lander, White Pine, Lincoln, Clark,

and Elko Counties.

MONARDELLA LINOIDES A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 11: 101. 1876,

Monardella linoides stricta Parish, Erythea 7: 96. 1899.

M. epilobioides Greene, Pittonia 5: 85. 1902,

Stems 30-50 cm. high, erect from a woody base or from a
decumbent branch; pubescence dense, the hairs very short but
sometimes mixed with longer ones, silvery, leaves entire, ob-
tuse or subacute, short petiolate, 1-4 cm. long, silvery pu-
bescent like the stems. Flower heads 2-4 cm. broad; bracts
ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, membranous, whitish to
rose-purple; calyx about 8 mm, long, 13-nerved; corolla about
13 mm. long, the lobes narrowly oblong, obtuse at the tips.

California and Arizona. Reported also from Clark County,

Nevada.

we

_pebamell .woledaee, OF
ee " : ;
‘
see. 4 b yet, eal, Qa |
bag » iy ee,
eR EON Ba a Dee
ee VS, ae bie
dagen’
' .
. }
0 ey . Be
4 eg tek bane
qi a he ip PALEY 5 ar VOTH beS yA PL Pid 7 HE,
SHEHT. y
Dione 4
AY , hi
OT ahs Hn Vt

AD wis TTT DOP EAORY, 3 P eC R DOE 7 LORD.

ot Cert atit Wei Peeing.

/

, pedo La eh Looe

1 Sieg oR Dee . dante ae ede Ob ee

ay

16. LYCOPUS Le. Water Horehound.

Perennial herbs with sharply toothed or pinnatifid leaves, the
floral ones little reduced and of the same form, Flowers small, in
dense axillary clusters, white or nearly so. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed,
campanulate. Corolla tubular-campanulate. Fertile stamens 2, the
upper pair sterile or wanting. Nutlets with thickened margins and

more or less truncete at their summits.

KEY TO SPECIES
Leaves sinuate-pinnatifid, acuminate, petiolate; calyx teeth tri-
angular-subulate; plants not stoloniferous -- il. L. sinuatus.
Leaves more or less sharply serrate, oblong-lanceolate, sessile or
nearly so; calyx teeth subulate-lanceolate; plants stolonifer-

CON a I TS ee L. jueidiuws.

AS 2200PUS SIMGATUS Hli., Bote Se Cu & Gas 1: 26. 1817,
Lycopus americanus Muhl., in Barton, Fl. Phila. Prodr,. 15.
1815, (nomen subnudun. )

Glabrous or nearly so, stem erect, branched in well de-
veloped plants, 5 to 7 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong,
tapering to slender petioles; calyx-teeth triangular-subulate;
corolla little longer than the calyx; nutlets shorter than the
calyx; the slender sterile filaments with broadened tips.

Swemps, wet meadows and along streams, throughout most of

ba diw wid sol

. of 3 igtwe

“ ~

z
ip
6 . é
N
ie m<f .
ry 2% x
.
D
; Ne
wt)
of
‘ F '
; i he Wonk a At
By yy 8
cs ,
‘ ah

aT i. 2 rm

‘ : ‘ 5 ar 2 ee
, : ui Y. Oa: Os ean

oiudet Aikered gagadacingnins):

4 rn 7 Ter
t ’ oa ¥

rey b
vi

io heambot ofodh! esne deers

bi

VE gH 3213 tel y bow te wa

ttn 42 shiteds, shee avdad |

+ te obageusd weal ao oO:

ee

25

Temperate North America. No specimens from Nevada seen by the

writer.

LYCOPUS LUCIDUS Turcz. ex Benth., DC. Prodr. 12: 178. 1848.

Stems rigidly erect, 2 to $ dm. high, thinly pubescent on
the angles; leaves oblong lanceolate, sessile or nearly so,
the larger ones 7 or $ cm, long and about 1.5 cm. wide, those
on the upper part of the stem subtending the flower clusters
reduced but similar; calyx teeth subulate-lanceolate, about as
long as the tube; corolla little exceeding the calyx.

Wet soil, west of the Mississippi River to California and

British Columbia. Washoe County, Nevada. Also in Asia.

17. MENTHA L. Mint.

Odorous herbs, perennial by leafy stolons which develop after

flowering; flowers small, in axillary clusters or interrupted

spikes; white, pale blue or pinkish; calyx tubular or campanulate,

the 5 teeth nearly equal; corolla tube short, included, the upper

lip notched or entire and usually somewhat larger than the lobes

of the lower lip; stamens 4, equal, sometimes imperfect.

KEY TO SPECIES

Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes; leaves sessile or nearly so.

1. M. spicata.

g is
bo Es
7
’ z
’
i,
.
oor
.
ries
Weipa se
ane be
re eens
al 1 “tl
\
% ery

we 5
2 .
’
ae :
os f
'
be
vat yi
4 .
os
i in
nay

;: or sar
oe a 4 ne GE, sy gees ay
eho? ol, eerie:
> oni . fe,

> say aye ast

(oy

rae, it Cietea ry q =) 4 .
Bae iC Si ide, am

hee
are

Reins

i eee RP

e

ng pL, MOORE ht

26

Whorls of flowers axillary; leaves tapering to a petiole.

Qe M. canadensis.

MENTHA SPICATA L. Sp. Pl. 576. 1753. Spearmint.

Stems 4 to 7 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so; flower
whorls in very narrow spikes, these more or less interrupted
or approximate above; calyx campanulate, the teeth subulate;
bracts linear-lanceolate to subulate,

Wet places or moist soil throughout most of Temperate
North America, Nevada: Washoe, Storey, Mineral, Nye, and
Lincoln Counties. Introduced from Europe,

MENTHA CANADENSIS L. Spe Pl. 577+ 17536
Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 173.
1848,

M. arvensis penardi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 215. 1895.

M. arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 29: eet. 19025

Stems 1.5 to 7.5 dm. high, densely tomentose or usually
glabrate in ours, simple or branched; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
acute at both ends except those of the stolons or lower part
of the stem which are broadly cuneate or rounded at the base,
glabrous or pubescent, the larger about 5 to 7 cm. long and
1.2 to 2.5 cm. wide; calyx tubular-campanulate, glabrate to
densely pubescent, the teeth about 1/4} as long as the tube.

Wet soil. California to the Atlantic and northward to

Sane

ste

“

oe rele uns

’

Churchill, Nye, Lander, Eureka, Elko, White Pine, Lincoln,

_ and Clark Counties.

x
i

Seah
ot

AGASTACHE .seececeee
URTICIFOLIA ..nsccscceves

Audibertia
TROCONE wees « TRO Se Oka we “
incana secsieaenehers arp eee
Audibertiella
BPEGNGCS ssevenbaweeccies
DRACOCEPHALUM ....eee. cieee
PARVIFLORUM ..cvccrvcens -s
PEMA. sep eeenas evs aT orTtr es
CHMPOFUM osaeces ererrT ce

CPA capa a anise 86 Gye aw awe
CENGAGE DANE «ecw s one cee
DRUNMMONDIT -sasseeneoes ees
co ree Tere eee
NANUM . A
Sube. “CALTFORNICUM .
QVEGA sea bactass Dmaes eas
BOVEEE acca trenioubans see
SSTRPLLITOLIC. sasavcvacns
; SUYMOICGES sevassvans ere
TOL. veeuebep arsine dawers«
AMPLEXTICAULE

PEROMMUIC:, wee aa o.9 wo nis TrItrn
CARUIACH a sqaa sua ae wie s
Lophanthus
Ce Le OL DUS aig dine & was 0,80
TGCS sectacesean eer ja aves
SPMOPLCENUS «ein wel caine eae
TCLS steve vemaruce am) eae

BLOCRTUS weaewes pause neus
Madronella

AAMCGOLSCS avitvvagdcca tus
DAMUOL UM ciasaeieeeuger sas

VULGARE
MENTHA

OEPvensis Ppemardl vscerees
fNADENSIS ao
canadensis glabrata .....
PE OA a al parce Weim a ican ee
Moldavica
URPVISIOLS ncavesas vada .
MONA. RDELLA
epilobioides
glauca

INDEX

MONARDELLA
LINULDES oysnascuavead wa es
LINOLESS: STLUCEA. wsewde oan
MU LOCUNMAG A. 6s Siete mer sere Resaars
ODORATISSEMA: secs ceeme re
PELIIGE ss0 se (toow an err
PEPViTGLia ses ckenacwnes er
PUPS UTE 5 bie ome gale a ew erent
HEP tana vee ener Trerer ey
CRTRRER eck wes tietetennmae
PROVE OLA saiancan ene vers *
VULGARIS seis ene SReee wo wme
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