Full text of "Metamorphoses, Book XI;"

See other formats

Tlie ColUpe Staff numbers Toxtj Tutors, xvhr, omroir/ them took
twenty - tlii'ee first places at London Unh-eri^it;i Exayninaiions.

Iprospcctus of Classes

FOR THE

EXAMIIs'ATIO^N'S

OF THE

UfJIVEF(SITY

OF LONDON

LOXDOy OFFICE—

I Strand Jr.-''' H'.
Sept. 7tJi. 1889.

f:..,:!.,IU: ff..,r I[-

LONDO.y OFFICE.

Conitnunicatioits sliould be addressed to —

THE SECRETARY,

Strand Hotel Buildings, Booksellers Ro7v,

London, IV.C.

Appointtiients 'nay be made ■with tJu Principal or Secretary for Wednesday or
Saturday afternoon, or for any day during the Examination week bet;uecn t p.m.
and 2 p.m., orsp-'n. to 6.30 p. tn.

WARNING.

Before joining any C'orrespond^ice C'laxs, students are xtroiigly urged
to see previous University Examination Lists, to read through our Article
on Spurious Correspondence Tuition, and to enquire who their tutors would
be in each subject.

A new Prospectus is issued before and after each Exam.
CONTEXTS.

PAGK

Special Subjects set for forthcoming Exams . ... ... ... 4

Calendar ... ... ... ... ... ... b

Tutors 6, 7

The College Library ... ... ... ... ^

General Abridged Prospectus of Classes ... ... ... 9

General Method of Work 9

Special Advantages offered by Univ. Corr. Coll. ... ... 9

Matriculation Examination ... ... 10, 11

,, ,, (Self-Preparation) 19

Intermediate Arta Examination 12,13

., ., ,, (Special Arranffements for

Greek and French) ... 13

,, ,, ,, 'Extension} ... .. ... 14

„ ,, ,, (Honours) 14

,, ,, ,, (Self- Preparation) ... ... 19

Bachelor of Arts Examination 16, 17

,, .. ,, Extension) ... ... ... IS

,, ,, ,, (Honours) ... 18

,, ,, ,, (Self-Preparation) ... ... 19

Self- Preparation Courses ... ... ... 19

Prizes for Honours ... ... ... ... ... ... 15

Master of Arts Examination (Branches I., II., III., IV.) ... 20, 21

Examinations in Science ... ... ... ... ... 22

Examinations in Medicine ... ... ... ... ... 23

Bachelor of Laws Examinations ... ... ... ... 24

Bachelor of Music Examinations 24

Scriptural Examinations ... ... ... ... ... 24

Teachers' Diploma ... ... ... 24

University Instructions to Candidates... ... ... ... 25

Resident Branch — Oral Classes and Tuition at Cambridge ... 26

Evening Classes and Laboratory Practice in London ... 27

Announcements of Results ... ... ... ... ... 29

The Tutorial Series 30

Absence of Failures ... ... ... ... .. ... 31

Recent Successes ... ... .. 32

A Catalogue of books in the Tutorial Series, including over
100 works by the Tutors of University Correspondence
College, for London University Examinations, will be
sent on application to Messrs. W. B. Clive & Co., Book-
sellers Row, Strand, W.C.

miniversit^ Correspon^cnc€ College.

Jan. 1890. — Latix.

Greek.
June, 1890.— Latix.

Greek.

Jan. 1891. — L vtix.
Greek.

June, 1891.— Latin.

Greek.

(omitting
Book in.

SPECIAL SUBJECTS, 1890-91.

Matricnlation.

Ovid, Metamorphoses. Book XI.
221-26.5 and 30.3-.317) : Tristia,
Euripides, Hecuba.
Cicero, De Amicitia : Pro Balho.
Xenophon, Hellenics. Book II.

Hora4;e, Odes, Books I. and II.

Aeschylus, Persae.

Livy, Book I.

Xenophon, Anabasis, Book III.

Inter. Arts, 1890.
Latix. Tiryil, Georgics, I.. II. ; Livy, Book XXI.
Gref.k. Sophocles, Antigone.
English (Pass). History of England and of English Literature from

1660 to 1714: Milton: Paradise Lost : 67iffwerr .- Prologue,

Knight's Tale, and Second Nun's Tale (Clarendon Press) ;

JJryden : Essay on Dramatic Poesy : Addison : Essays on

Milton, in the Spectator.

Inter. Arts, 1891.
Vergil, Aeneid, Books IX. and X. ; Tacitus, Annals, Book I.
Herodotus, Book VI.
English (Pass). History of England and English Literature from
148.5 to 1547 ;" Chaucer : The Tale of the Man of Law, and
The Pardoneres Prologue and Tale (Ed. Skeat, Clarendon
Press) ; Hkent : S{)eciitions of English Literature. 1394 to
1-579, xi.— XX. (Clarendon Press) : ShaI.espcare : Henry VIII.

B.A., 1890.

Cicero, De Oratore. Book II. ; Virgil, iEneid, Books VII. to
X.. inclusive : Roman Histor\-, a.d. 14-96.

Lattx.
Greek

L.\T1N.

Greek

Aristophanes, PliitusJ (Holden'.-; or some other expurgated
text); Thucydidcs, Book IV.: Grecian History, b.c. 406-35S.
English (Pass). History of English Literature from 162.5 to 1660;
Shakespeare : Hamlet ; Spenser .- The Faery Queeno ; Dan
Michel : Ajenbite of Inwit (Early English'Tcxt Society) :
Thorpe : The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Vol. I., trom 800 to
1001 a.d. pag.'s 104 to 261) : Two Texts only to be pre-
pared, viz., C.C.C.C. 173, and Bodl. Laud. 636; Su-eei :
Anglo-Saxon Primer.

B.A., 1891.

Latin. Ciciro, De Finibus, Book I.;
History, B.r. 31 to a.d. 37.

(•iiEEK. Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris ; Plato, Phaodo :
Sicily, H.i . 491 to 289.

Kngiihh M'assI. History of English Literature from 1714 to 1744;
'"^I'-irt : Anglo-Saxon Primer; Sirtut : Homilies ol -Elt'iio,
]'\>. 1 -oil (Claroudon Press); The Sowdono of Biihvlono
(Kd. Hansknpcht, Early English Text Society) ; Addison :
'J hi' .Speolitor, N(>. ooG to the end; Pupi : Satires and
T ••

Terence, Adelphi ; Boman
Hiator\- of

^ o ac

^'2

•.-s

"5 '^ 3

5^1 -^ ij

S 0

1-s

CO ■'^—

^ ^^^

- o -

0
cs

0
C9
00

d i «

lilsl

^ ^ ^

c; = •f^ o

>—,-*'

■— .—

CO X ^x

Ci ^ — s —

^ to" '^ CO ^'

0 S5

0 CO 0

oc 00 0

-H rt 00

So"-*

„^^ >>i

c*l

2 ri -H 0

2 . • ?^

^ . aj * o

M-^ls^Sa;

* ^ =i g "<

^'^.--S"

^■:4~cr'"..o

k-f ^ . --1 M

s
3

•J

C) — 5^ 2

t--

;?5 32.^-=»"

oc . '^ CO
:; SS ° ^ 00' 2

cL.

is
9

S •- :■-" ?f C K"

a?
d

p
fco

eS 1

5 1 5 5 = i

5h^ :>'^ >:■<•

3
Ci

5 ? J--^ 5 -3

a *

?»

'-3 "S

■^ ^ e ~ t4 ^

C 0

« s

Sc?-i^cc§*

— 0 — 0

0» C5 C5

a> a (S> 0

^ » «

• •. «k ^

•» ^

To r

** " To

"^*

--'-" -t^ d

-^ D -^ ^

-^ -i •-:

r^o c^;

i-s

•^

^■'*— •

s ;

A 6

•»-4

sf .

:::j

'^ «v* 1

;=:

•2

• ^'^^

_^ ■< 'Tf 0

'^ ^

• ^^

^ ^

•~

— «s

— ( 1— 1

'-''-'

O C5 -c

.2 >

h P

S ^

; «■?:

o •^' S •= «

- o

s
s

SS 3

S ct?^^

, i ^ . ■-

^^ C „. --'

— =-■ « - - ,■;

^ -**

- X ._ >-= ■».

2 c

~^-~zt.

-5?«^

M 1

" cT-^ -S 0

. 0

p.? - .r —

tCOO

'^ ■" »^ *■*: —

3 00

i-^'C S «v» 5

-^-^

5 y5«2

1 "^"

£ £ ^ •_ 0

i^ •-'

_ -z. - •£ a.

c^ •

~ ?i > — :z>

c & '' ~

>t 0

-50

- = ^'■55

00 '^

' 75 fc- —

1? = ! =

- X T «

S ""

■z: -c =J V

S 'u

3 JS

- :, y- **" D

— c^ ■- 0

* rt = i= C

: s5-=fe

H -W^^

IHnivereit^ (Torresponbence College»

TUTORS.

A. J. Wtatt, Esq., M.A. Lond., First of his year in Branch FN'.

(English and French), Teachers' Diploma, Early English Text
Society's Prizeman. Author of Notes on the Shepherd's Ca/endei;
Notes ou Brijdeti'ii £ssay on Dramatic Poesy, Note>> on Addisonx
Essays on Milton, a Translation of Savelok the Dane, A^enbiie of
Inicit, etc.

B. J. Hayes, Esq., M.A. Lond., First in First Class Honours in

Classics both at Inter, and B.A., Gold Medallist in Classics at
M.A. ; Editor of Horner^ s Iliad VI. ; Author of Matric. Latin, a
Translation of Xenophon'' s Oeconomicus, etc.

G. H. Bkyax, Esq., B.A., Fifth Wrangler, First Class, First Di\'ision
in Part II., Smith's Prizeman, formerly Scholar of St. Peter's
College, Cambridge, Fellow of the Camb. Phil. Soc. : Author
of B.jI. Mathematics, Coordinate Geometry.

Mons. L. J. Lhl-issier, B.A. Lond., First in Honours both at
Inter, and Final ; B. es Sc. and B. es L. Paris ; also of Stuttgart
and Strasburg Universities.

J. Weltox, Esq.. M.A. Lond., First of his year in Mental and Moral
Science, bracketed equal as First of the B.A.'s at Degi'ee Exam.,
Honours in French at B.A. and -ith of 27 in English Honours at
Inter.

E. W. Stewakt, Esq., B.Sc. Lond., First in First Class Honours in
Chemistry at Intermediate Science, and First in First Class
Honours in I'hysics at B.Sc. ; Author of A Text-Book of Heat and
Light.

H. M. Fernando, Esq., M.B., B.Sc. Lond., Second in First Class
Honours Zoology, and Third in Honours Botany at Inter. Sc
and Prel. Sci., First Class Honours (deserving of Scholarship) in
Physiology at B.Sc. ; Gold Medal in Physiology-, and First Class
Honours in Chemistry at Int. M.B. ; Two Gold Medals and First
Class Honours at M.B.

"W. F. Masom, Esq., B.A. Lond., First Class Honours (Classics) at
B.A., Frencli and English Honours at Inter. Arts, Second iu
Honours at ilatric. University Exhibitioner ; Editor of Homer' t
Odyssey, XVII., and Milton's Sonnets ; Author of a Tianslation of
The Epistles of Horace ; Synopses of Roman and Grecian History.

H. J. Maiument, Esq., B.A. Oxon. and Lond.. First Class Honours.

W. H. Thomas, Esq., B.Sc. Lond., First in First Class Honours in
Chemistry.

J. H. PiHH, Esq., B.Sc. Lond., Double Honours, Mathematics and
Physics.

W. U. Low, E.s(i.. ]\[.A. Lond. (German and English' ; Editor of
Hamlet, Author ol A History of EnyU^h Liltiuture, A Translation
of the Saxun Chronicle, etc.

All tlie above Tutors are on the regtilar staff of University Cor-
respondence Colleg'e, and engage in no other tutorial work.

IHniversit^ Correspondence College.

TUT O KS — continued.

The ichole staj^' cuiiaisfsof 40 Tuiurs, icho amouij them took 23 first
places at London Unicersity esaminatiuns.

F. Kyland, Esq., M. A., Second in First Class Honours (Mental and

Moral Science, &c.); Examiner for the Moral Sciences Tripos,
Cambridge ; Author of a Manual of Fsychology and Ethics for
Lond. B.A. and M.Hc, &c.
KoBERT Bkyant, Esq., U.Sc. Lond., B.A. Lond., Assistant Examiner
in Mathematics at London University.

G. F. H. Sykes, Esq., B.A. Lond., Classical Honours, Assistant

Examiner in Classics at Lond. Univ. ; Author of a Translation of
Thitojdides IV.

E. M. Jones, Esq., B.A., Mathematical Honours.

F. P. Shipham, Esq., M.A. Lond. (in Classics), Honours in Classics

at Later, and B.A. ; Author of a Translation of Virgil's Geurgics.
Heinrich Baumanx, Esq., M.A. Lond., First in First Class Honours

at Inter, and Final B.A. both in French and German ; Author

of Londinismen — Slang und Cant.
"W. H. Evans, Esq., B.Sc, M.D. Lond., First Class Honours at M.B.
Saml'el EiDEAL, Esq., D.Sc. (Chemistry), Gold Medallist; Assistant

Examiner to the Science and Art Department.
J. W. Evans, Esq., B.Sc, LL.B. Lond., First in First Class Hons.
A. A. Ihwix Nesbitt, Esq., M.A., Classical Honours, late Professor

M. A. 0. College, Aligarh, India ; Author of A Translation of

VirgiVs Aeneid.
C. H. DiiAVER, Esq., D.Sc, B.A., Teachers' Diploma.
S. Moses, E.sq., M.A. O.xon., B.A. Lond., First Class Honoiurs London

and Oxford (Double), Exhibitioner in Latin at Inter. Arts, First in

Honours at Matriculation ; Editor of Cicero I)e Amicitia and Fru

Balbo.
C. G. Lamb, Esq., B.Sc, Honours in Physics both at Inter, and

Final ; Neil Amott Medallist ; Exhibitioner at Matriculation.

G. W. Blanchflowek, Esq., B.A. Lond., Double Honours, Classics

and English.

A. H. Walker, Esq., D.Mus. (Lond., one of two only), 10th in
Honours at ilatriculation, and Honours in Classical Tripos,
Cambridge.

A. H. ALLCRoi'T, Esq.. B.A. Oxon., First Class Classical Honours at
Moderations and Fiual Classical Exam.; Editor of Zt*'// XI/. ,
Sophoclen'' Antigone, Sec.

Q. W. Hill, Esq., B.Sc. (Hons.), M.B. (Hons.).

H. E. JvsT, Esq., B.A. Loud., Double Honours in French and Ger-
man (Ist Class), First in First Class Honour's at Inter.

■^nivec^it^ Correspondence dolle^e.

THE COLLEGE LIBRARY.

AH the required text-books may be borrowed from the College
Library, and retaiued till after the Examination, at a charge equal to
one-fourth of the price of the book. Books i except editions of Pre-
scribed Authors) are added to the Library as required.

Books in the Tutorial Series

Are lent free of charge in subjects -which the student prepares
with the College, or he may obtain permanent possession of them by
paying to tlie Librarian half the published price. This does not apply
to the Directory with Solutions published after each Examniation,
or to editions of the prescribed Authors, or to Translations.

The College Booksellers are

Messrs. W. B. Clive A: Co., Booksellers Row, Strand, W.C.,
who also supply the Regulation Exercise Books, which are made of
a good tough paper, and light enough to go through the post tor ^d.

POSTAGES.

Postages are paid on all communications to the student, so that the
<nly expense he incurs is in sending, at book post rate, his answers
to the tutors, and in returning papers to the Forwarding Office.

FEES.

Fees are payable in advance, but arrangements can be made to suit
a student's convenience if necessary. The chjuges are strictly
inclusive.

PcstiDonenient of Exam. — Xo fees can in any case be returned ;

but, wii' le it >tudeui nnUs It impossible to go up for the examination
he intended, the full fee will be allowed to stand to his credit for
preparation for a later date ; the only additional payment, beyond a
small registration fee, being a reduced charge for jmpers previously
answered on the Special Authors and Periods, due after work is
resumed. *

Students falling into arrears with work can be transferred from the
>ection of the Classes with which they commenced to one which
started later for the same Examination for a Registration fee of
•Js. 6d.

lanipcrsit^ CovlXfppn^cncc Cojile^c.

SPi:CIAI.I.Y PS£PAK£D COUBSES OF I<£SSONS

AUV. OIVEX FOR THK

exa:mixattons of the
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

In Arts, Science, Medicine, Laws, and ^lusic : they embrace all that
is requisite for success, yet entirely relieve students from siiperfluous
vrork, the specialities of the Examination being always kept in view.
These Correspondence Classes furnish an amount of aid to each pupil for
which the fees charged would be totally inadeiiuate, but for the large
■number requiring the same preparation. They, however, ensvire him
all the benefits of indin'dual tuition, the inffivi'hm! interests of eavi.
pupil being studied, and general arrangements modified to suit par-
ticular cases wherever practicable. On account of the large number
of our students we can afford to give such very full solutions (with
hints) as will cover aU general difiBculties, and so the tutor can de-
vote his whole time economically to correcting the individual weak-
nesses of a candidate. Correspondence students have one great ad-
vantage over oral students ; in their case all explanations, solutions,
and remarks are committed to writing, and can be studied at length
for present purposes, and retained for future reference.

The instruction is not given simply by Papers of Questions (although
the papers of the last fifteen Examinations in each subject have been
carefully anah-sed, the questions classified, and, where the present
requirements are the same, given to the student to answer), but as set
out in the General ^Method of Work below. Not only is the pupil led tc
acquire the requisite information, but he is practised in the best way of
Bhowing it to advantage in Examination.

General Method of Work.

EJach week the pupil receives a Scheme of Study, which consists of
Selections from Text-books, Distinction of Important Points upon
which stress is laid in his Examination, Hints, Notes on difficult and
falient portions, &c., and Illustrative Examples with selected Text-
book Exercises in Mathematical Subjects. After the first week, along
with these, a Test Paper (compiled from pre^-ious Examination Papers)
is given on the work of the preceding week, the answers to which should
be poefted to the Tutor by a day arranged. These are then examined
and returned with corrections, hints, and model answers in each sub-
ject, and solutions of all difficulties.

Special Advantag'es.
JT^^AVy communications. Long Courses. Fees as low as compatible
with efficiency. Double the number of lessons usually given, with-
out increased fee. Full Notes to each lesson. Model Answers to
each Test Paper, for revision just before the Exam. Tutors who are
specialists devoting the whole of their time to the work of Univ.
Corr. Coll.

Tnniversiti? CorresponDence College.

MATRICULATION EXAMINATION.

At the June Exoni., 1889, 78 r.C.C. stKdents passed.

Preliminary Courses.

Students are not admitted to the Systematic Couarses (Ordinary and
Special) unless they possess, at leasts

In Languages — a knowledge of Accidence, up to and including the
Regular Verb ; in Mathematics — Euclid, Books I. and II. ; Algebra,
First Four Rules ; Arithmetic, a fair aU-round knowledge ; in Eng-
lish— a good grounding.

A student must be well up in this minimum Course, unless at some
time or other he has worked beyond it ; four or five hours study a day
is then generally necessary to prepare successfully for Matriculation
within a year.

These Preliminary Courses may be commenced at any time, as stu-
dents are worked quite individually in them, and can be taken as
quickly or slowly as desired. As the Ordinary Course is designed
to extend over not more than a year, students who are weak in a sub-
ject should go through a Preliminary Course.

Fee, per Course of twelve Lessons, in any subject... One Guinea.

A student who is very weak all round, may take eighteen lessons in
each of four subjects, introductory to the Ordinary Course , for a fee of
Four Guineas. In Mechanics and Experimental Science, Preliminary
Courses are not considered necessary, though very desirablo (especially
in the former), the only essential preparation for Mechauics being a
good acquaintance with Matriculation Mathematics.

The Ordinary Course.

A student who is well qualified in most parts to begin the Ordinary
Course, but wishes to revise or prepare some part privately before
commencing systematic wuik, may send in his Form of Entry in
advance, and be advised what to do in the interim without additional feel

.\ny single ."subject ...

For each additional Subject...

Composition Fee for a// Subjects

An Ordinary- Course consists of eighteen lessons (or sets of leflsons)
in each subject, in addition to Author Papers. If all subjects are being
taken, it is generally best to .study half one week and the remainder the
next, distributing the work over about a yejir. reckoning vacations.

As the number of Miitricnlation studoiits is now so lai-ge, a class is
started on the first Satiirdiiys of ev^ry ui>>nlh frum .Fiuiuary to July
(inclusive), and the last in August, Sot'toinlif^r, October, and November.
Students joining just bnt'ore VacHtious may work up l^uk lussons and
so fall into an oar ier suction of their ciass. Intending studenui
should, if possible, jjin a fortnight before the date of coniineuceiuont.
10

£1

innlvcreit^ (rorrc6pon^cuce College.

MATRICULATION EXAMINATION.

At the J ine Examination, 1888, 26 st'td^-nts parsed, and in Jan., 1889,
33 /->'rs><7/.

Special, Honours, and Extension Courses.

For the benefit of those who have failed in one Examination, and
wish to proceed to the next, or for those who can devote all their time
to study, there is a

Special Course,
for each January Examination, beginning the last week in August,
and for each June Examination the first •week in January or February.
Students joining late receive the full number of papers distributed
uniformly over the time to their examination.

No one should join this course, however, who has any subject to
'earn from the beginning — except, perhaps. Mechanics, or Experi-
mental Science, in which case his other work should be good all round,
and Mathematics especially strong.

£ s. d.

One Subject 1 II 6

For each additional Subject... ... ... ... 1 1 0

Composition Fee (for a// Subjects) ... 5 lo 6

The Honours Course.

For students who have been through the whole of the work and have
either failed to pass the Examination in one or two subjects only, or
who have deferred going up in order to make sure of a good place at
:he next Examination, an Honours Course is provided.

Fee for the whole Course in all Subjects £3 13 6

In this, single subjects cannot be taken, but part may be worked
in the Extension Course (see below).

This Course may be commenced not earlier than the last week in
August for the January Examination and the first week in February
ior the June Examination.

There are nine double lessons, each followed by a test paper, in
addition to Author Papers. The Honours Course is intended for
ihose who are on the whole decidedly strong.

Tlxe Hztension Course

is intended for students who are not prepared to take the Hoaoura
Course, but who, after having worked over the ground required, feel
that they cannot enter lor examination with a fair prospect of success.

Fee, date of starting, and armng^ment of Course the same as for
the Honours Course ; notes and hints preceding each test paper.

For Matriculation Self-preparation Courses, see page 1 9 .

■Univer^itv^ Colre6pon^ciKC College.

INTERMEDIATE ARTS EXAMINATION.

{At Inter. Art.^, ISSi^), ^1 students paised.)
Ordinary Course.

Before beginning tho (Jidmary Course for Intermediate Arts in
any subject, the student is assumed to possess a knowledge of it up
to Matriculation standard. As Greek and French are alternative at
Matriculation, courses have been arranged for students in the sub-
ject not taken up at [Matriculation, assuming only the knowledge
required on admittance to the ordinary Matriculation Course (seep. K'
of Prospectus, under Preliminary Courses). A new class is formed
on the first Saturdaj-s of September, October, November, and Decem-
ber. Those joining early have the special advantage of frequent short
revisions.

Fees.
(Strictly inclusive, and payable as arranged on joining.)

£ s. d.

Mathematics* or Latin 2 12 6

Greek, French, or English ... ... ... ... ... 2 2 <

Greek, Longer Course, not as.suming Matric. Standard ... o ■

Composition fee at a reduction for three or more subjects.
All Subjects for Intermediate Arts Pass ... ... ... 'j 9 u

With Longer Greek Course... ... ... ... ... 919 6

A single Pass Course consists of not less than thirty Lessons. The
advantage of this over shorter courses is obvious. The pupil sustains
an interest in his work more readily, and gains confidence from the
knowledge that the proper amount of attention is being given to each
part, and that all will be gone over and recapitulated in good time for
the Examination.

Two Years' Course for Inter. Arts.

Although we do not recommend the average student to take two
years in preparation for Inter. Arts, still there are some studentfc
whoso time is so verj- limited that it is impossible to prepare in one
year. We have, therefore, made arrangements for students to dis-
tribute their work over moi-e than a year. We prefer them to begin
the last week in cither September, January, or April, on which latter
date we strongly recommend those who have recently matriculated to
commence work. The fee for studt•Tlt^^ joining in tht Michaelmai-
Term is increased by one guinea, and for those beginning in the Lent
Term by half-a-guinea, to compensate for the extra postage and thi
long"'!' time tlic pai)ers are in use. In order to encourage January
Matriculants to avoid rusting, and to work up during the term the
language not taken at Matriculation, no extra fee is made for students
commencing after Easter.

• No f fTort liHs \)coii sjiiired to make ttio Jlntbematics Course ii snroess : it is
cart'fiill.v (craduateiJ, «ud >iiiionths the diniriiltio.s of the siil>j<H't ; ■ tyjie of
ever.v K.\iiiiMiiuti(in c|iu!.stiui>is t»»lvi-d, aud in Cotiuvsai\ Illu.stniiivo KxHtuple i.s
iiitrodiu'i'd iiftrr iienrl.v cverj imraitrapli in tlic ti xt-iniok. The Full Course
roii-Hist'< of thirty Lessons in TriMTonouictry, thirty in .\l)tebni, tliirty in Geometry,
'wenty in Conico, ten in Arithmetic, and enoli Lesson is followed by a set of
\iest ions.

. 12

innivcr^it^ (^orre6pon^ence College.

INTERMEDIATE ARTS EXAMINATION.

Special Courses.

For the sake of students who are nnatjle to join early, as well as for
Matriculation Honounnen, .Special Courses, which consist of the
same lessons as the Ordinary Courses without Revision Lessons, may
he commenced at any time after Christmas. £ s. d.

Mathematics or Latin ... ... ... ... ... 2 2 0

Greek, English,* or French 1 11 6

Composition fee at a reduction for three or more subjects.

All Subjects 7 7 0

Short Courses,
Consisting of about twelve Lessons, and completely covering
the ground required in — (I) Analytical Geometry, (2) Latin
Grammar, 3) Roman History, (4) Latin Authors, (5) Greek Grammar,
(6) Greek Author, (7) French, (8) Early English*, (9) Latin Prose,
are worked from the first .Saturday in April or, by special arrange-
ment, any time before the Exam., at a fee of one guinea each, three
subjects £2. 128. 6d. These Short Courses are intended (1) for those
who do not wish to have complete preparation in all the branches of a
subject, (2) for those who cannot join till late, 3) to serve as a Reca-
pitulation. With the exception of Latin Prose, thej- are included in
the Special and Ordinary Courses. iStudents wishing to join for them
before the time stated, ma}- in some cases do so.

Special Arrangements for Greek and French.

As both these suljji >.ts are rt-ipiireJat Intir., and only one at Matric,
alternative Intermediate Coui-ses have been airanged, one of which
assumes only a knowledge up to the regular verb. .Students who
have not this elementary knowledge in the second language may
either take a Preliminary Course ia it (separately, at a fee of one
guinea, or together with the longer Inter. Course, tor £3. 13,v. (jd.) ; or
if he is desirous of acquiring this preliminary knowledge without
systematic tuition, on receipt of his Form of Entry in advance for the
Ordinan,- Intermediate Course, advice as to the best books and course
of private study will be given at the outset, and occasional aid ren-
dered, without a .«pecial fee.

.January Matriculants are strongly advised to work up as soon as
possible the language not taken at Matric. to the standard which
they must attain before joining the Inter. Arts Classes : and to com-
mence systematic work for the next Examination by Easter if pos-
sible. Thus, by paying due attention to all subjects, they will bo
making steidy and satisfactory progress.

•Students who pass in June may, by concentrating their energies
on the second language, get through the preliminary work required
in time to join the September section of the Inter. Arts Class.
Arrangements are made for .Students to work the Pjcliminary Courics
without interruption during the summer vacation.
Self-Freparation Courses.

The Ordinarj", Special, and .Short Courses for Inter, .^.rts may be
taken by Self- Preparation : for particulars, nee page 19 of Pronpectiu.
Honours Courses. [See paf^e 14 of Froxpectus.)
* Whnii Early English extracts are set, a full translation is providwi.

Illniverait^ dorresponbence CoUcgc.

INTERMEDIATE ARTS EXAMINATION.

Extension Course.

For students who have heen through the whole of the work and
have either tailed to pass the Examination in one or two subjects
only, or have deferred going up in order to make sure of a First
Division or of Honours in some subject at the next Examination, an
Extension Course has been prepared in the Pass Subjects.

Fee for the whole Course in all subjects ... ... ... £6. 6s.

Students who have previously taken up Courses in three or more
Intermediate Arts subjects will be admitted to this Couiae at the
reduced fee of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... £5. 5s.

The Extension Course cannot be worked by Self-Preparation, nor
can single subjects be taken. There are fifteen double lessons, each
followed by a test paper ; in Latin and Greek there are also Author
papers. The whole ground of the Examination is thus covered.

The Course may be commenced any time after January.

Inter. Arts Honours.

(/*( July, 1889, eleven stadctUn took Honours, tun iv it li first placei, and
one uith a second place.)

In Mathematics a student cannot profitably enter upon the Honours
Course without a previous knowledge equal to that required for the
B.A. Pass Pure Examination. In Latin and French a knowledge up
to the Inter. Arts Pass standard at least is necessary.

In Mathematics and Latin the Honours Courses consist of thirty
Lessons, to each of which, as the requirements are so wide, there are
several parts; to render the step to B.A. Honours as gentle as
possible, these Courses have been made very full, and the greatest
care bestowed upon them.

Fee for each Course ... ... £6. 6s.

Students are allowed to take two years over the Honours Coursee
ia Mathematics and Latin without extra fee.

In French either fifteen or thirtj' Lessons may be taken.

Fee for the shorter Course (Thirty Papers) ... £3 3 0
For the longer Course (Forty-tive Papers) ... 4 14 6

In English there are 30 Lessons covering all required for Honours,
including the Pass subjects, fee £o. 3s.

Fifteen Ltssons may bo taken ou the Honours subjects not re(|uircd
for Pass, at a fee of £2. 28.

A coiiy of the English Uououis List fur IbS'J will be seut on
application.

laniverstt^ Corre6pon^encc College.

FRIZES FOR HONOURS.

AT EACH MATBICULATIpy EXAMINATION

Two Open Prizes of Two Guineas each — one in money, the other in
books — are awarded, on the conditions specified on the ^Oth page of
the Prospectus, to the Private Students who take the two highest
places at the Examination.

Also to that student of TTniv. Corr. Coll. who takes the best posi-
tion in the Honours Division

A STUDENTSEIF

TEN AND A HALF GUINEAS

will be awarded ; and Book Prizes of Two Guineas each presented to
all who take Honours, and admission to the Full Intermediate Course
allowed at a reduced fee.

If the winner heads the Matriculation List, an additional Money
Prize of

TWENTY GUINEAS

will be griven, or Ten Guineas if in the first three, or Pive Guineas
if in the first six places.

AT INTER. ARTS AND B.A.
A PSIZE OF £10

is awarded to the Pupil who stands highest in Honour?

in each Subject
if he obtains a First Class ; or £o if he obtains a Second.

All who itand well in Honours at Matriculation, and have a taste for
Etiglish, and time to devote to it, should take Honours in this subject at
Inttir. ; the Honours standard is not so far removed from that of the Fcui
at in other subjects. There is little competition, as in other subject»,
with students of the older universities, and the possession of Honours in
English is of great value to a schoolmaster . To encourage candidates, the
fee has been fixed venj low for this .subject. Student.-, mitt/ enter for
Honours Courne.i at any time.

Ilnivcr^it^ Corrc6pon^cnce College.

BACHELOR OF ARTS EXAMINATION.

{In 1888 Thirty -three Univ. Corr. Coll. Students passed.)

The General Method of Work is pursued for this Exctmiuation, Spe-
■cial Papers for the prescribed Authors and Special Periods being pro-
vided. The Test Papers are compiled exclusively from questions set at
previous Exarainatious, except when the present regulations have not
been sufficiently long in force to admit of this, or -when solutions are
sasily obtainable {e.g., from our " B.A. ilathematics"). In such
>ases questions of the same type have been introduced.

Ordinary Course. — An Ordinary Course in any subject embraces
Thirty Lessons. In Latin and Greek each of these consists of three
parts : the first part covering the Grammar and General History ;
the second and third dealing alternately with either (A) Unseen
Translation I'now one of the most difficult and important subjects at
B.A.) and (C) Composition (in Latin only), or (B; Special Period of
History and (D) Prescribed Authors. There is a great advan-
tage in detailed courses like these, with full Xotes and Hints to
every lesson, over a series of Test Pajjers whose main purpose is to
correct a student's errors rather than show him in advance how to
avoid them : — by help of the easy graduation a greater interest is sus-
tained in the work, the specialities of the Examination are brought
out in stronger relief, time is economised, and confidence gained from
the knowledge that the proper amount of attention is being given to
each part, and progress more surely counted. £ s. d.

Fees. — Full Preparation for the Examination ... 12 12 0

Any single Subject 313 6

Additional for second and third Subjects, each 3 3 0

The best time to commence the Ordinary Course is at the beginniiig
of the September in the year in which Inter. Arts has been passed ;
but, as this is inconvenient for many students, there are classes com-
mencing in the second weeks of October, November, and December ;
arrangements can also be made to suit each applicant.

The lessons are distributed over the whole session from the time of
joining, short recesses being provided for revision. Students joining
late are worked through the vacations if they desire it.

Special Course. — In this Coui-se, the Lessons and -•Vuthor Papers
are the same as in the Ordinary Course, but the Revision Papers are
omitted, the number being thus reduced to twenty-four. It is, there-
fore, spi'cially convenient for those wi\.) have previously failed at the
Examination, or who are unable to begin early in the scs.sion ; the
former should, if possible, commence within a w, ek of the publica-
tion of th«' Pass List. Classes also begin in the third week of February,
March, and April ; but arrangements can be made for individual ca.ies
'M in the Ordinary Course. £ «. d.

^ Febs.— Full Preparation for the Examination ... 10 10 0

Any single Subject 3 3 0

Additional for second and third Subjects, each "2 12 6

For Self-Preparation Courses, see page 19 of Pro.<<p<>ctus.

inntvcreit^ (Iorcc0pon^cnce CoilCQC.

BACHELOS OF AB,TS EXAMINATION.

{In 1888, exchuiitxj U.C.C. tdc.U'nts, fc.'« t/ian -iO per cent., of those who
iiitcrtd, paist'd.)
The Two Years' Course is desia^ied for those students whose time
is so limited that it is impossible for them to prepare in one year, but
we would here warn candidates for the degree that to rust between
Inter. Art-s and B.A. is moat dangerous ; eighteen months' study pre-
ceded b}' a rest of six months is no better than a year's continuous
work. The following plan of study is recommended to the ordinary
student who cannot give an average of four hours a day for fifty
weeks: —

First Year. — College Work in Classics (1st Part of each Lesson)
and Jtlathematics, or ilental and Moral Science, omitting the reWsion
lessons. Private reading of some of the English ; or study of French,
not omitting frequent translation.

Second Yeak. — College work in English or French ; the 2nd and
'3rd Parts of each Lesson in Classics ; Revision lessons in Classics and
Mathematics, or Mental and Moral Science ; private recapitulation of
first year's work before taking the College Envision Lessons.

Fee for the Two Years' Course .€12 12 0

Courses in single subjects, or by .Self-Preparation, cannot be ex-
tended without additional fee.

Short Courses in Special Subjects, consisting of from twelve

to fifteen lessons, and completely covering the ground required, are

provided in— £ 8, ^.

(i.) Latin Grammar and Composition ... ... I II 6

(ii.) Extended Course in Latin Prose... ... ... I 11 6

[Unseens may be taken along with (i.) or
(ii.) for an additional fee of lOs. 6d.]
(iii.) Roman History, including Special Period, and

Geography ... ... 1 11 6

(iv.) Latin Authors and Special Period of History ... 1 11 6
[The Authors may be taken along with (i.),
(ii.), or (iii.) for an additional fee of lOs. 6d.]
(v.) Greek Grammar and Unseens ... ... ... 1 11 6

(vi.) Extended Course in Greek Unseens ... ... 1 11 6

[Course (v.) may be taken to include (vi.) by
payment of an additional fee of 10s. Cd.]
(vii.) Grecian History, including Special Period, and

Geography ... ..." ... ... ... Ill 6

(viii.) Greek Authors and Special Period of Hiator)- ... 1 11 6
[Greek Authors may be taken along with
(vii.) for an additional fee of 10s. 6d.]
(ix.) Logic w (x.) Psychology and Ethics ... ... 1 11 6

(xi.) French 2 2 0

(xii.) Mathematical Short Courses ... .. each 1 II 6

A favourable composition fee is charged when stjveral short Courses
ire taken, especially if in kindred subjects. With slight exception,
these Short Courses may be taken up any time after Christmas.

"inniversit^ Correeponbence doUeoe.

SACHELOR OF ARTS EXAMINATION.

Extension Course.

For students who have been through the whole of the work and
have either failed to pass the Examination in one or two subjects only,
or who have deferred going up in order to make sure of a First
Division or of Honours in some subject at the next Examination, an
Extension Course in the Pass Subjects has been prepared.

Fee for the whole course in all subjects ... ... ... £8 S 0

Students who have pre^nously taken up courses in two
or more B. A. subjects will be admitted to this course
at the reduced fee of 7 7 0

The Extension Course cannot be worked by self -preparation, nor
can single subjects be taken.

There are fifteen double lessons, each followed by a test-paper ; in
Latin and Greek there are also papers on Authors and Special Periods.
The whole ground is thus completely covered.

The course may be commenced any time after January.

B.A. Honours Examination.

{In 1888 four students took Honours.)

For B.A. Honours the remarks at the top of the page headed
*' Master of Arts Examination " (p. 20, Prospectus) apply ; one, two, or
three years being necessary according to a student's knowledge on
joining.

Mathematics. — By those who have worked up to Inter. Arte
Pass standard only, 90 lessons should be taken, spread over about
three years. Fee £15. ISs.

Assuming a knowledge of B.A. Pass subjects, two years might
suffice for the 60 lessons (several parts to each). Fee £11. lis.

Students who took Honours at Inter. Arts, not below the Second
Class, 30 lessons. Fee £6. 6«.

Students not falling in any of these three classes will be treated
according to the number of lessons required.

French «r Mental and Moral Science. — Forty-five lessons
(not includiiiLC the Pass Course). Fee £'J. 9s.

In English there are;Kt Leiwons, covering all required for Honours,
including the Pass subjects, fee £4. 4s. ; or \b Lessons may be taken
on the Huuour^ subjects not required for Pass, at a fee nf £2. 128. 6d.

Classics. — The full course preparing fur B.A. Honours consists of
60 le«s<oTi.s. Fee £11. lis. Students who have taken Honours in
Latin at Inter. Arts may dispense with some or all of the Latin
Papers, according to their proficiency on joining. In such cases a
proportionate fee will be charged.

IDliuvcr^itv Correspondence College.

SELF-FB.EFAIIATION COURSES .

For Matriculation, Inter. Arts, and B.A.

Students who do not wish to go to the expense of beiLg fully pre-
pared, hut who wish to know the scope of the Examination, the
principal points to be attended to, and to regulate their reading and
economize time, may take

Self-Freparation Courses.

For Self- Preparation, weekly lessons are given, each consisting of
a scheme for study, selections from text-books, distinction of im-
portant points, hints, notes on difficult and salient portions, &c., and
illustrative examples with selected text-book exercises in Mathematics.
At the end of the week a Test Paper (compiled from previous Exami-
nation Papers in fixed subjects) for self-examination is pro\'ided,
and followed by complete solutions to it. The difterences between
these and other courses are, that students' answers have not to be sent
to the tutor, and special arrangements have to lie made as to solution of
difficulties. The lessons are sent out on the same dates as in the
Ordinary and Special Courses ; or by arrangement commencing any
time up to the month before the Exam., so proving useful for re'vision.

Self- Preparation Courses are intended mainly for students who are
taking Full Preparation in some subjects, but who feel that they do
not require so much help in their stronger subjects.

Fees for Self-Freparation Courses.

{Postages, as in other Classes, included.)

MATRICULATION.

Two Subjects

Special Course ...

Ordinary Course...
Additional for each Subject...
Composition Fee for all Subjects

.Special Course ...

Ordinary Course...

INTER. ARTS.

Any single Subject ...

Three Subjects ... ...

Composition Fee for all Subjects ...

BACHELOR OF ARTS.

Single Subjects

Composition Fee for all Subjects ...

■->

I'J

*\nntver6it^ Correspondence Colleae.

MASTER OF ARTS EXAMINATION.

(//( IS'SS) two of O'lr studitils pa>:scd i/i Bnuich I.)
[Abridged from the M.A. Prospectus.]

Branch I. : Classics. — The course embraces papers on Authors ;
History ; Greek, Latin and English Prose Composition ; and Gram-
mar, together with trial passages for Unseen Translation.

The amount of time devoted to each of these subjects is proportionate
to the importance attached to it at the examination.

The papers on Authors are 110 in number. Of these, 21 are
assigned to Latin Prose- writers, 29 to Latin Poets, 6 to Greek His-
torians, 9 to Greek Orators, 16 to Greek Philosophers, and 29 to
Greek Poets.

Each author-paper deals, on the average, with about 1,500 lines of
verse or a somewhat larger amount of prose. Difficult and important
passages are set for the student to translate in writing, and his version
is revised by the tutor. Lists of iwtabUia, suitable for re^nsion before
the examination, are given, and the notes of the edition selected as a
text-book supplemented. Lists of rare words, and miscellaneous hints
on suT>ject-matter, metre, kc, also form part of these papers. In
the case of some authors, of which no handy edition has hitherto ap-
peared in England, fuller notes accompany the lesson-papers.

For a detailed scheme of the course, see M.A. Prospectus.

First Stage. Fee £6 6 0

Second Stage. Fee ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 6 0

Only hulf of these will be needed by a student who
took good Honours at Inter., and neither Stage I. nor
Stage II. is necessary to an average B.A. Honourman.

Ccinposition Fee ioT Singes 1. and 11. ... ... ... 11 11 0

Thhd Stage, preparing forM.A., and assuming an attain-
ment of B.A. Honours work. Fee... ... ... 10 10 0

(7o»ijyosi</(//( /"i!<' for the Three ytages ... ... ... 21 0 0

Branch II. : Mathematics. — The College course so closely fol-
lows the f niviTsity regulations that it is not considered necessary to
show the arrangements here. The number of papers and lessons in
each subject is determined by its importance in the Examination and
its diihoulty.

First Stage, equivalent to the Inter. Aits Honours Course, £ s. d.
assuming only the B.A. Pass Course, which it how-
ever recapitulates. Fee ... ... ... ... 66 0

Second Statje, requiring knowledge of First Stage, and
lending up to B.A. Honours standard, and recapitu-
lating previous work. Fee ...
Composition Fee for Stages I. and II. ...

Third Stage, being the idditional subjocts required for
M. A., and r«\-ision of previous stjiges. Fee
Com/wMi'iion /Vtf for the Three Stages ...

6 6
11 11

0
0

10 10

21 0

0
0

TElniversit^ (^OJC>:eBpon^cncc College.

(In 1888, one of ow students headed tie M.A.list'iti B^-arich III.)

Branch III.: Mental and Moral Science.— The full course
is divided into two stages, a complete plnn of which is given in the
M.A. Prospectus. .. ■, -f ^ d

First Stage, B. A. Honours subjects, excluding authors ... 6 6 0
Second Stage, assuming B. A. Honours standard ... ... 10 10 0

Branch IV. — The first stage comprises 30 papers in each language ;
th',- .serond stage lo longer papers in each.

The plan followed in tlie English section naturally differs very
materially from the one pursued in French or G-evman.

In English, gi-eater stress is laid in the 30 papers of the first stage on
language than on literature, because that part of the subject demands
more specific knowledge and more scientific methods. Language (in-
cluding A.S., E. and J\I. E.), therefore, appropriate* two-thirds of the
pa2)ers, the remainder being devotid t' literature. In the second
stage, on the other hand, the papers are about equally divided betweeu
the two parts of the subject. In the whole English course, attention
is not squandered on minor names that would only be of importance in
a special period (the range of the exam, is too wide for such treatment) ;
but the most prominent writers of each ejioch are selected for special
study of themselves, their works, and the times in which they lived.

In a foreign languMge, say French, the line^ of the M.A. examination
are closelj' followed in every one of the 45 papers, that is to say, each
paper contains: — (1)* Translation into English, including Idioms
(1st paper at M.A.), {-l) Modern Grammar (1st paper at M.A.), (3) Old
Frt-nch ('2nd paper at ^I.A.), (4) Historical Gmmmar (2nd paper at
M.A.), (-5) Retranslation, including Idioms (.'5rd paper at M.A.), (6)
History of French Literature (4th papt^r at M.A.), (7) Original Com-
position in French (4th paper at M.A.>. Each of these seven sections
is graduated in difficulty throughout the whole course, and here, as in
English, the most diffi'ult portions of the subject {e.p., the Chanson de
Boltnid in Old Frericli) are reserved for the second stage. As an in-
stance of the thoroughness with which the course is planned, it may
be mentioned that in the whole French course 480 French idioms and
480 English idioms are given for translation.

Each test-paper is accompanied by a paper containing notes, hints,
suggestions, and the adWce of a specialist on the reading for the next
paper.

First Stage, equivalent to B.A. Honours ...

Second Stage, assuming a knowledge of the work of Fir.st

Stage '

Composition Fee lot \io)ih binges...

Residence at Burlington House {see paf/e 26) is recommended to Candidates
for M.A.

* Every third paper only in Staite II.

IHniveraiti? Correspondence College.

INTER. SCIENCE and B.Sc. EXAMS.

The difUcuUy of itrepaiimj /or tk> pradkal jxirt o/ these Examiiuitiom. Had arrange-
ments which hare ^iCCa lltPjJ'- ''■ '!"■''' th '•■■, "n ,i,l',}f:i,,.ej ,-,,< th^ ,,, ,-f .,nnc, ,:„,ler Pr-^li>,),

Sei. and M.B. Examinatm' -.

Intermediate Science.

{In July, 1888, Nine out of Eleven Students passed this and Prel. Sci.)
(In July, 1889, 21 passed, 5 of whom took Honours.)
The General Method of IFo'rk is here supplemented by
drawings, salts for analysis, and other practical aids.

(1) Pure Mathematics. — See pr).l2,li,undeTlnter.Arts.

(2) Mixed Mathematics. — Fifteen Lessons, according £ a. d.
to " General Method of Work " Fee 1 11 6

Self -Preparation Course ... ... ... ... 1 1 0

(3) Chemistry.* — Thirty Lessons, on the iisual plan in

Theoretical Chemistry, and salts for analysis sent. Fee 3 3 0
The Practical work can easily be done at home
after a few practical lessons have been taken.
Honours Chemistry (assuming Pass requirements) ... o o 0

(4) Physics, f — The Course (excluding Mechanics) con-

sists of thirty lessons ... ... ... ... Fee 330

■Students not ( ntering for the Mixed Mathematics
Course may take the ilechanics required for the
Physics paper sejiarately, at a fee of one gu nea.
Honours Physics ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 5 0

(6) Biolo^.* — For Biologj^ see page following this in

Prospectus undei Prel. Sci. ... ... ... ... 3 3 0

Full preparation for Inter. Science Pass ... ... 12 12 0

B.Sc. Examination.

The General Method of Jf'ork is supplement L^d as for Inter. Science,
and the remarks at the top of the page and under the head of Int«r. Sc.
Biology, as to the poesibilily of working up the practical part pri-
vately, apply.

Any single Subject ... ... ... ... £5 5 0

In Pure and Mixed Mathematics and Slental and Moral Science
thyre are forty lessons, in other subjects thirty.

Full preparation for the Examination ... £12 12 0
For Mathematical Honours, see page IS under B.A. Honours, the
two Examinations being the same.
Mental and Moral Science Honours.

Fee: — Forty -five lessons ... ... ... £990

Or thirty lessons, without the authors set 6 6 0

Aknowledgeof Pass requiremerte is expected fmm Hnnoun>«tudenta,

• Kvcmn/ hikI S:it>iril:iy niorniii:.' iKMHoi.sinitioiis and riasNcs i>«r pnictical
work Mif lirKl Hliiriiiir (he Sensioii liS«J)-90) nt Vm London l><N'tiire Roi^nir*,
Sfninil Hi.tfl Kui|.iiiii.-.s. Hndksfllcr- Row. W.'\ Fws on ii|i|.li.-!ition.

t .\ ("1 iss will iiiet't daily ;it tho I/on<lon L' rturp Room.sdnrniKthe week before
each KxHiiiiiirition for prartical work. Fee 10s. tJd., Corres|<oiidents finee.

•5

IClnivec^it^ Corre6pon^cnce College.

PRELIM. SCI., INTER. MEDICINE & M.B. EXAMS.

ionic of tht: >;iV!i''c sij'jc.tf: /or LonJonmay h<: pnj^aiol ichoUy hy corrt/poiulcnce ;
others require sujyplfmeiUin'^ hji practical loork which can be doiu at home, while for
Inter. 5c., Pre!. Sci. and B.-Sc. Bn/any and Zoology, B.Sc. Chemistry, and most of the
sul>jects in \ffi1irii,r, viwvina?!'.' Inforatory work in neressary.

Preliminary Scientific Examinations.

(1) Chemistry.* — See preceding page, under Int. Sc,

the Regulations for the two Examinations being the
same in this subject.

(2) Physics. — See preceding page, under Int. Sc.

(3) Biology.* — In this subject numerous sketches are pro-

vided. Fee for the Theoretical Course, thirty lessons

{Additional fee for direction of Practical work)
Honours Botanv...
Honours Zoology

In spite of answers to correspondents in «AiuxUiontd journals, ice believe that no
student can prepare for this subject even with the help offered by improved text-books
and biological atlases, without someone at his elbow, at least at the outset and occasion-
alls during his career. There are Classes for Practi'.al Work in London. Leeds,
Manchester. Nevxastle, Sheffield, and Edinburgh, preparing for this Examinfition.
Students who cannot procure such systematic help inay, \f devoting all their nergy
to this subject, work it up during vacations in Lotuion.

Inter. Medicine Examination. £ s d

Anatomy, 30 lessons ... ... ... ... ... 5 .5 0

Physiology and Histology, 30 lessons ... ... ... 550

Organic Cliemistry, 30 lessons ... ... ... ... 5 5 0

Materia Sledica, 15 lessons ... ... ... ... 3 3 0

Corapoiition Fee for two or more subjects ...

,, ,, for all subjects ... ... ... 15 15 0

Honours Courses at double these fees. Parts may be taken pro-
portionately.

Bachelor of Medicine Examination.
Medicine, Pathology, Therapeutics, and Hygiene ... 6 6 0
Surgery, Obstetric Medicine or Forensic Medicine ... 6 6 0
Composition Fee for all subjects (including directions

for testing for the Forensic Medicine) ... ... 21 0 0

Private tuition is given in London by Mr. W. H. Ev.ins, M.D.,
B.Sc, First Class Honours at M.B. ; and Mr. Fern.\xI)o, M.B., B.Sc.
(three (jold Medals and First Class Honours in «ix .«ubjccts).

* Eveniny and Siturdr.ij ntLfninij Jjenif/nstratmns iHid C/a.s.ses for
practical work are Jteld [during the Session 1839-90) at the London Lecture
Rooms, Strand Hotel Buildinys, Booksellers Row, W. C. Fees on ajtpUcation.

-'■'■■ ■■■' ' 23 ■

IIlTiiversit^ Correspondence College.

LAW, MUSIC, SCRIPTURAL, AND TEACHERS
DIPLOMA EXAMINATIONS.

Law Examinations.

Students are prepared for these Examinations by a Professor of
Roman Law (Lond.) who has recently had several students at the
head of the London LL.B. Lists.

Inter. LL.B.

Constitutional History... ... ... £-3 13 6

Jurisprudence ... ... ... ... 3 13 6

Eoman Law ... ... ... ... 6 16 6

Composition Fee for all Subjects ... 12 12 0
Honours fees on application.

LL.B.

Fee for the whole course ... ... ... ... ... £15 lo 0

For LL.B. it is not desirable that any subject should be worked

outside the College ; but, in special cases, singk' subjects may be

taken at a little more than the proportionate fee.
Honours fees oq application.

Music Examinations.

Our tutor for these examinations is one of the two Doctors of Music
of London.

Inter. B.Mus. Examination.

Fee for all subjects £12 12 0

i. Single subjects may be taken.

B.Mus. Examination.

Fee for all subjects • £15 lo (•

Single subjects may be taken.

Dr. Walker is also willing to assist students reading for the
Doctorate.

Scriptural Examinations.

Candidates may bo prepared for these Examinations in any or all of
the subjects : the Scriptural part of the course is taken by a Prizeman

Fees according to requirementB.

Teachers' Diploma.

Two of our tutors have the Teachers' Diploma of London, one being
an M.A. (first of his year in Branch IV.) and the other a D.St.
Another has had considerable experience in lectiu-ing on Education.
and is a University Examiner.
S4

■Illuiverijit^ Correspondence Colleae,

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES FOR
EXAMINATION.

1. Applications for Forms of Entry must be made to the Registrar
hy letter only, and not Ze-ss than five weeks before the first day of the
Examiuaiioii.

2. Every Candidate's Form of Entiy, duly filled up, must be re-
turned to the Rpgistrar not le-'ss than four jceeA-s, nor more than si;o
n-eeks, before the commencement of the Examination, and with it,
in the game cover, must be sent (a) the Candidate's Certificate nf Age
(when required) and (h) his Fee for the Examination.

3. A Candidate's name will not be placed on the List of Candidates
unless his Form of Entry, Certificate of A'je (but see 5 below), and
Fee shall have been received at the University on or before the Fourth
Monday before the commencement of the Examination, on which
day the List will be closed.

4. As soon as possible after the closing of the List, each Candi-
date's Certificate and Fee will be acknowledged, his Certificate will
be returned, and a Number, by which he is to be designated through-
out the Examination, will be assigned to him.

5. Candidates who have previously entered for the Examination
need not produce their Certificates of Age a second time.

6. The age of a Candidate with regard to entry is reckoned up to
and inclusi\ e of the first day of the several Examinations, that day
being computed to fall as late as the Regulations will allow. The
two dates, in the case of the ilati iculation PJxamiiiations, are January
1-ith and June lAth. Only such persons, therefore, as shall have
'.omplefed their sixteenth year on or before one or the other of those
■lates will Ijc admissible to the January or the June Examination, as
the cnse may be.

1Dluiver5it\> CoiTc^ponbciicc College.

RESIDENT BRANCH.

Resident Students are taken at Burlington House, Cam-
bridge, ior ull Exaoiiuationo, at any time of the year, at the rate
of thiity guineas for a term of l-wclve weeks.

Non-resident Students can receive private oral teaching at the
rate of two-and-a-half guineas for ten lessens, and twu^guineas for
every additional ten lessens for ■which aiTangements are made at the
same time with the first.

ORAL REVISION CLASSES.

Courses of daily lectures in each subject, supplemented by pri-
vate tuition whenever such a course is deemed advisable, are given as
follows : —

Per Matriculation. — Three weeks before the January Exami-
nation. Fee five guineas. Correspondents, four-and-a-half guineas.

Por Intermediate Arts. — One month before the Exam. Fee
seven guineas. Correspondents, six guineas.

Por Bachelor of Arts. — A month beginning August oth.
Fee seven guineas. Correspondents, six guineas. Also twelve
weeks beginning the same date. Fee fifteen guineas. Correspon-
dents, fourteen guineas.

(In August, 1889, Twenty-three B.A. students were in residence.)

The arrangements for 1890 will be similar to those carried out in
1880, a description of which, with a list of the Oral Tutors, can be
obtained on application.

In these revision classes such higher parts of the subjects as
students may not have previously read are treated fully.

Por Master of Arts the lee is si.x guineas a month for daily
lessons at any time of tlie year.

Board and lodging can be piovidcd for a limited nxmiber of students
at a charge of from one guinea per week.

The Boating and Tennis Clubs are open to both resident and non-
resident students.

Intending resident pupils are requested to communicate with the
Principal well in advance, when he will advis^- them how to spend the
interim in order to derive the fullest advantage from theii* residence
at Burlington House, Cambridge.

Private tuition can also be obtained in London for most subjects
of University Exams., including M.A. and il.B.

Illniversiti? Correspondence College.

ORAL CLASSES AND TUITION IN LONDON.

Matriculation and Inter. Arts.

Eveninc; Classes arc held at the Loudon Lecture Rooms, Strand
Hotel Buildings, Booksellers Row, "W.C, in preparation for each
Matriculation and Intermediate Arts Examinations. Fees on appli-
cation.

Inter. Sc. and Frel. Sci.

Evening and Saturday morning Demonstrations and Classes for
practical work in Chemistry and Biologj- are held (during the Session
1889-90) at the London Lecture Rooms. A Class -wiU also meet daily
during the week before each Examination for practical work in
Physics.

TUTORS.

8. Moses, Esq., M.A. Oxon., B.A. Lond., First Class Honours London
and Oxford (Double), Exhibitioner in Latin at Inter. Arts, First
in Honours at Matriculation ; Editor of Cicero De Amxciiia and
Pro Balbo.

G. W. Blancht-lowee, Esq., B.A., Honours in Classics and English
(Mr. Blanchflower has had two pupils at the head of the Matricu-
lation List and one second within the last three years).

W. A. T.\RRANT, Esq., B.A. Lond., First Class Honours in French.

RoBBKT Bryant, Esq., D.Sc. Lond., B.A. Lond. ; A.ssistant-Examiner
in Mathematics at London University.

H. M. Fek>-.\xi)o, Esq., B.Sc. Lend., ^M.B. Lond., First Class Honours
in six subjects and three gold medals.

H. K. Tompkins, Esq., B.Sc. Lond., F.C.S., F.I.C., Honours in
Cixemistry at B.Sc.

Assisted by other graduates in high Honours and experienced in
teaching.

Private Tuition.

Private Tuition may be obtained in most subjects for London L^ni-
versity Examinations, at the London Lectuie Rooms, Booksellers
Row, Strand, at the rate of one guinea for four or five lessons, according
to subject and examination. Arrangements may be made with the
Secretary', either personally or by letter.

Further particulars are given in the Prospectus of Oral Classes,
which may be had on application to the Secretary, Strand Hotel
Buildings, Booksellers Row, Strand, W.C.

IHnivcrsit^ (IolTe6pon^ence College.

PRESS OPINIONS.

The Edacatioitul Tiraes says : — " The University Correspondence
College, a new but useful and thriving adjunct to the ordinary educa-
tional machinery."

The Schoolmaster says: — "'The tutors of the University Corre-
spondence College have proWded a complete system of tuition by
Correspondence."

The Journal of Education, speaking of University Correspondence
College, tays: — "It has so otten been our duty to expose the im-
postors who offer their services for this examination (Matriculation)
that it is pleasant to certify to one competent guide."

The School Guardian says : — "The University Correspondence Col-
lege, whose headquarters are at Cambridge, is now pretty widely
known all over the the country as a coaching insitution."

The School Board Chronicle says: — " The University Correspond-
ence College has tamed high distinction among students."

The Leeds Mercury says : — " It needed the authority of the Post-
master-General to start the experiment which is being made of the
use of postage stamps as an incentive to thrift ; but. for some time
back, postage stamps have been largely used without oflBcial sanction at
all — none, indeed, being needed — for, in a sense, as practicfll and in
all respects as useful an end. They have been the passport of a system
of education which, although conducted in writing, has yet been
attended with the results that follow oral teaching, for the persons
who have taken advantage of the scheme have found themselves
qualified to go successfully through the ordeal of examination.

"There is not a district within the limits of the United Kingdom
where the letter-carrier cannot be met on his daily round. He. then,
is the janitor of this singular Educational Institution. MTierever
he is to be found thi^ work can be carried on, and is actually being car-
ried on. There are men and women in large centres of population who
desire to continue their studies, ]nit whose spare time dues not corre-
spond with the hours at which class-teaching is usually eiven ; and to
their case, as well as to that of the inmates of distant and lonely houses,
the plan of education by post addresses itself. Moreover, there is a
class of persons who, having left school, are willing enough, and
possibly eager, to continue their studies and keep abreast of the
progress of thought, but who shrink from encountering the attrition of
the class-room. To them also this system is a ready and open door
leading to honest and carefullv directed private studv."
28

'\Ilnivcr-3itv (^orrc6pon^cncc Collccic.

ANNOUNCEMENTS Or RESULTS

LONDON UNIVERSITY

EXAMINATIONS.

The Secretary of University Correspondence College
cndertakes to inform any private student who is a Candi-
date at Matriculation, Intermediate Arts, or Bachelor of
Arts, of the Resnlt of the Examination, provided that —

Name and Nnmber, with addressed and stamped enve-
lope or telegram form, he sent to him at the London OflBce,
Strand Hotel Buildings. Booksellers Row, W.C.. not later
than three days before the date announced for publication
of the list concerned. By this means a private student
can generally learn the result at least two days before
he receives the Pass List from the Registrar of the
Univci-sity. '

Tn telegrams, "Fonnd" will be sent f '. and

'• Wanting" for Failed.

To any Candidate who sends his Name, Examination
Number, and Address not later than three days before the
publication of tlie Pass List, a Copy of the Guide, which
contains, in addition to other useful matter, the Papers set
at his Examination, reprinted in a form suitable for pre-
servation, together with the latest issue of the Gvidf to
the next liieher P^xamination, in which advice oi; the
best text- books and editions of the special subjects is
given, will be presented ; also, at each Matriculation
Examination, a Copy of the Inter rued iaie Direcfori/ vi^ill be
sent to all whose names appear in the Honours division,
and Two Prizes of Two Guineas each — one in money,
the other in books — are awarded to the Piivate Students
who take the two highest places among tho?e who have
applied as above.

TUniversitv Corresponbencc Collcac.

THE TUTORIAL SERIES

Consists of Handbooks for the Examinations of the Uxiversitt ot
London, and embraces —

Book Guides and Directories (issued periodically) ;

Annotated Editions of Latin, Greek, and English Authors ;

Literal Translations of Latin, Greek, and Old English
Authors :

Vocabularies to Latin and Greek Classics ;

Synopses of Ancient and Modern History;

Reprints of Examination Papers ;

Guides to the Study of Latin, Greek, and Mathematics ;

Guides to the Study of Science ; &c., &c.
The above works are specially prepared to meet the requirements
of the various London University Examinations by Tutors of Uni-
versity Correspondence College. A complete catalogue may be
had on application to the Publishers, Messrs. W. B. Clive & Co.,
Booksellers Row, Strand, London.

The Schoohnaster, of May 21st, 1887. says: — "This series ol
Guides to the Examinations of London University will prove extremely
serviceable to candidates. They are — as Guides should be — con-
fessedly limited in scope, but they g^ive just the kind of direction and
advice that a student needs, pointing out the most reliable, helpful,
and recent sources of information, and plainly indicating points of
special importance. In the Mathematical Guides for Matriculation
and the Intermediate, the syllabus is divided up into weekly or fort-
nightly portions, and all the handbooks give sets of examination
questions, with solutions to the exercises in mathematics. Drawn up
in a useful and workmanlike fashion, the books give abundant px-oof
of sound scholarship specialised and applied to the requirements of
the London examinations. Speaking from the recollection of our
own undergraduate days, it is painfully evident that such works as
these would have saved us many an hour's hard and profitless grind.
We can unreservedly commend the series, believing that such aids,
supplemented by judicious teaching in weak subjects, may place a
London degree within reach of a considerable number of our
readers."

TYiG Educational Journal, of the same date, says : — "These books
save the student an immense labour, and, being from the pens of
professional scholars, the information is not only correctly stated, but
easily understood."

'i^he School Boil) il Chrontcle says: — "The T^niversity Correspond-
ence College Tutorial Guides have gained a great roputation."

The Kfiiunlional Tinirs nayt : — " The Tutorial Scries is the best of
its kind."
.SO

TIlnivei*5it^ Conx5pon^cncc ColieQC.

ABSENCE OF FA/LURES.

While above

170

students of Univ. Corr. Coll.

passed University Examinations during

the two nxonths June and July, 1889,

less than 5 per cent, failed of those who worked fully,

or nearly so, throug-h the Ordinary Course.

The successes at the various Exams, of London University are
given on page 32 of this Prospectus.

NOTE.

As Correspondence students are generally children of an older
growth, they do not care to have their names blazed abroad as pupils,
and we therefore refrain from publishing a list of references and
reprinting testimonials, of which we have hundreds of the most
laudatory kind. Many successful students have, nevertheless, been so
kind as to offer to answer any questions with regard to the College
which intending correspondents may care to put, and references to
these will be given to any who really wish for them.

We, moreover, rest our claims to the student's confidence onthe com-
parison which he can make for himself between our reprints of the Pass
Lists and those issued by the University ; e.g., the last Intermediate
Arts and Matriculati"M Lists, in each of which he will find the names
of more than seventy University Correspondence College students,
and the B.A., where over 15 per cent, of the whole list belong to us.

At the Matriculation Eximination of January, 1SS9, all other

<Jorre8pondence Classes together show only one success on the

"'^niversitv List.

laniverstt^ Col*rc6pon^cnce (LoUciic.

CHIEF SUCCESSES DURING THE PAST YEAR.

AT MATRICUI.ATION. JUNE. 1889.
78 Students passed.

AT INTER. ARTS. 3«89.

TU..

Over 71 Studi.nts prisseii

Eleven in Honovu-s, two with first place*, and o;.^ v. ',^\_, ,^ ^ „ {■,.,• .

•Vlf
21 also passed the Inter. Sc. and Prel. Sci. £xain.i.,
five in Honours.

AT E.A.. 1888.

Four Students took Honours.
33 Students passed :

Being H larger number than ^vasever before passed by any Institution

A copy of the Matiit... Iiil'.i. Art?., la- V,.A. Pass i.i-. vmi. i
post free on application.

AT M.A.. 1889.

Two Stu(ient> of I'niv. Corr. Cfl'..

jvissed in Br.-tnch I., and in ISSS

One headed the Mental and Moi'al Science List.

Turthor information on application to —

TiiK Spohetary, Tyondnn Offic*-. Strand Hotel Btiildinars. W.C.

inni\>, Con\ ColL ^Tutorial Seriee.

OYID'S METAMORPHOSES.

BOOK XI.

U^Ji. yTTRODUCTION, NOTES, VOCABU-

LARIES, &' TRANSLATION.

BY A TUTOR OF
UNIVERSITY CORRESPONDENCE COLLEGE,

PIR8T CLASS CLASSICAL HONOURS MAN AT B.A., AND EXHIBITIONEB AT
INTEE. ABTS,

FIRST IN HONOURS AT MATRICULATION.

London : W. B. CLIVE & CO.,

UNIV. CORR. COLL. PRESS WAREHOUSE,

Booksellers Row, Stband, W.C.

INTEODUCTION.

§ I.— LIFE AND WORKS OF OVID.

P. OviDius Naso was bom at Snlmo, about 90 miles from
Rome, on March 20, B.C. -13. He was descended from an
equestrian family, which, though ancient, was not
favoured with too much wealth. Accordinsrly he could
not indulge his inclination to devote himself solely and
entirely to poetical pursuits, but was obliged, at his
father's express command, to acquire a legal training,
and qualify himself for the bar. The death of his
brother Lucius at the early age of 20 left the father w^th
only one son to provide for, and he at length yielded to
the desires of the young poet, and allowed him to go to
Athens (which corresponded in those times to our Oxford
and Cambridge Universities) for the purpose of com-
pleting his education.- Ovid then travelled through Asia
and Sicily, and, on his return to Rome, perhaps practised
as an advocate for a little while. He did not enter the
Senate, but became one of the Triumviri C^a^nfaZes, certain
officers who decided petty disputes between slaves and
persons of inferior rank, and who looked after the prisons
and superintended the execution of criminals. He was
next made one of the Centumviri, who tried matters re-
lating to wills and sometimes criminal cases, and in course
of time was promoted to be one of the Decemviri, who
assembled and presided over the court of the Centumviri.
After passing through these offices he gave up all public
life and began that series of love poems which brought
him so much fame and also so much sorrow. His facility
for writing verse was extraordinary ; he found it much
easier to write graceful and elegant lines than to revise

4 ovid's tristia.

and correct inconsistencies iu what he had previously
written. He was married three times, on the two first
occasions to please his parents, hut in each of these two
marriao^es he soon obtained a divorce; he seems to have
loved his third wife sincerely, and he had by her a,
daughter Perilla. His chief works were : —

1. Amorum Lihvi III., principally addressed to Corinna,
a mistress of the poet.

2. The Heroides, or love-letlers, for the most part from
the heroines of mythology to their faithless husbands.

3. Ars Amatoria, or De Arte Amandi, written about
E.G. 2, when he was more than forty years old. The first
two books of the .4 rs Amatoria are supposed to instruct
men, and the last book women. When Ovid was banished,
as described later on, this poem was removed from the
piiblic libraries by the command of Augustus.

4. Remedia Ainoris, suggesting remedies for the vinleiu-e
of love.

5. MetaiiujrjjliubKuii Lihri XV., devoted to the mytho-
logical accounts of transformations caused by the love,
jealousy, and vengeance of divine heroes and heroines,
stalling from the Creation and reacliing down to tlu
time of Augustus, the last transformation described being
that of the Emperor into a star. The skill with
which the di.stinct episodes are connected together claims
the highest admiration. Ovid's principal model was
probably the 'Erepoiov/xeva of Nicander. The fir.st two or
three books of the Metamorphoses, in spite of their faults,
abound with beautiful passages which are poetry in the
truest sense, and similar poetical ]>assages of equal excel-
lence are met with, though less frequently, in the other
books, e.g., the desci'iption of the Cave of Sleep in the
eleventh book, which for vigour of fancy has not been
surpassed b^- anj- ])oet. It may be interesting to add
that Ovid was engaged in refining and polishing up
this work when lie was driven into banishment ; in
the hurry and vexation of his flight he burnt the manu-
script, but, bii-kiiy, some copies had alreatly been dis-
tributed among his friends, and the pooni was thu&
preserved.

INTRODUCTION. 5

6. Fuaiorum Lihri XII., of which only the first six
remain. This work was incomplete at the time of the
poet's banishment, a.d. 8, and he must have done the
greatest part of it at Tomi. It is probable that he began
writing this patriotic work in order to recommend himself
to the Emperor, who might make him the court-poet now
that Horace and Vergil were dead. His banishment,
however, put an end to any hopes he might have enter-
tained in that direction.

7. Tristium Libri V., five books of elegies written
during the first four years of his banishment, describing
his misery, and entreating Augustus for mercy.

8. Epistolarum ex Ponto Libri IV., also written in
elegiac metre, have the same subject as the Tristia.

In addition to these, 0\'id wrote a tragedy called Medea,
which by his contemporaries was reckoned his greatest
work, also an elegiac complaint of a nut-trea called Nux,
and a satire. Ibis.

It is now time to give a slight account of his banish-
ment. The ostensible cause of the edict of the Emperor
was the publication by the poet of the Ars Amatoria, but
it has generally been assumed that there was a deeper and
more personal reason. Ovid hints that he had unfortu-
nately been a witness to some crime or offence committed
by a member of the imperial family. Most probably,
however, Augustus took advantage of the opportunity
afforded by his granddaughter's misconduct to punish
both her and Ovid, whose evil counsels, in his opinion, had
caused her and also her mother Julia (the Emperor's
daughter) to go astray. Whatever may have been the
reason, the fact remains that towards the end of the year
A.D. 8 Ovid was suddenly commanded to betake himself to
Tomi, a town on the Euxine, near the mouth of the
Danube, at the extreme limit of the empire. This banish-
ment was not, however, an exsilinm, but a relegatio, the
latter being milder than the former ; by a relegatio he
neither lost his citizenship nor deprived himself of
all hope of return. To Ovid, with his town-bred tastes
and requirements, this relegatio was a most severe punish-
ment, and, though we cannot admire tho spirit exhibited

S OVID S TKISTIA,

in his piteous entreaties to be recalled, we can understand
how great a calamity he must have considered his enforced
absence from the cultured society and abundant pleasui'es
and entertainments of the capital. His abject flatteries
and humble protestations were in vain, and after the death
of Augustus in A.D. 14 he seems to have given up all hope,
and tiiree years later died and was buried in the place of
his di'eary exile. During his banishment his only solace
was his poetical writings, of which a great many were
composed at Tomi.

INTRODUCTION.

§ 2. ANALYSIS OF METAMORPHOSES XL

The general subject-matter of the fifteen books of the
Metamorphoses has been given above. It is proposed now
to give a more detailed account of Book XL, which opens
with —

(1) The fable of the death of Orpheus (11. 1—84), who
is killed by the Thracian Bacchants. His lifeless head
and his lyre are cast into the river Hebrus, carried down
to sea, and eventually cast on shore at Lesbos. A
snake which is about to sting the head is turned into
stone by Apollo, and the Bacchic women who have killed
the bard are changed into trees.

(2) The fable of Midas. Enraged at the murder of
Orpheus, Bacchus forsakes Thrace. Silenus, the tutor of
Bacchus, loses himself, and is brought to Midas, king of
Phrygia, who restores him to Bacchus. The god, in return,
offers to give the king any gift he chooses. Midas asks
for the pDwer of turning into gold everything he touches.
He obtains this power, and finds it a curse instead of a
blessing ; he prays to be relieved of it, and with this
object Bacchus orders him to bathe in the Pactolus, which
ever afterwards had golden sands (11. 84 — 145). Pan
challenges Apollo to a musical contest ; Tmolus is made
umpire, and decides in favour of Apollo. Midas, how-
ever, prefers Pan, and is punished for his stupidity by
having his ears changed into those of an ass (11. 145 —
193).

(3) Fable of Laomedon. Apollo, after punishing !Midas,
helps Neptune to build Troy for Laomedon, who promises
both the gods a fixed reward for their services. After
Troy is built, Laomedon refuses to give the promised
reward ; Neptune thereupon inundates the country, and
is not appeased until Laomedon exposes his daughter to a

8 OVID S METAMORPHOSES.

sea-monster. A reward is offered for her rescue ; Hercules
delivers her, but Laomedon ag^ain fails to redeem his
plighted word. Hercules accordingly plunders Trov, and
carries off Hesione, the daughter of Laomedon (11. 194 —
220).

(4) Fable of Peleus and Ceyx (11. 265—410). Jupiter
becomes alarmed at the prophecy that Thetis will be the
mother of a child who is to be greater than his father ;
he accoi'dingly allows Peleus to be her husband, instead
of assuming that position himself. The olFspring of the
marriage is Achilles. Peleus has had the misfortune to
kill his brother Phocus, and accordingly goes to Ceyx of
Trachis in order to be purified. He there learns that
Daedalion, the brother of Ceyx, has been changed into a
hawk, and also that a wolf which has been sent by
Psamathe to revenge Phocus is destroying the herds.
Thetis intercedes on behalf of Peleus, and the Nereid
Psamathe turns the wolf into stone.

(5) Fable of Ceyx and Alcyone. Ceyx is shipwrecked
on his voyage to the oracle of Apollo at Claros, whither
he had gone to consult about his brother's fate. His body
is cast up on the shore of his own country, and is there
discovered by his wife Alcyone, who had had a dream,
sent by Somnus at Juno's command, which revealed to
her the fate of her husband. In despair at this confirma-
tion of her dream, she casts herself into the sea ; but the
gods, in pity, change both her and her husband into king-
fishers (11. 410—748).

(6) Fable of Aesacus. The transformation of Ceyx
and Alcyone into birds reminds the poet of anotlier similar
transformation. Aesacus, the son of Priam and Alexirrhoe,
is in love with and pursues Hosperie, the daughter of the
river-god Cebren. In endeavouring to escape she is bitten
by a serpent, and dies from the wound. Aesacus, through
grief at her destruction, plunges into the sea, and is
changed by Tethys into a bird called the diver.

INTRODUCTION.

§ 3. METRE.

The metre of this poem is the ordinary hexameter
as nsed by Yergil. Each line consists of six feet ;
each foot is either a spondee or a dactyl. A spondee
consists of two long syllables, e.g., pt^mlent. A dactyl
consists of one long syllable followed by two short
syllables, e.g., osciila.

The fifth foot in a line is always a dactyl, and the last
foot a spondee ; or, to speak more accurately, the last foot
consists of two syllables, the former of which is always
long and the latter either long or short.

The first fonr feet of the line can be either spondees or
dactyls.

The fifth foot is occasionally, though rery rarely, a
spondee. There is an instance in Ovid, Met. XI., 1. 93 :

orjTa! tradlde|rat || cum ] Cecropf o Eu!molpo

and another in 1. 456.

A caestra is a cutting up of a foot by the termination of
a word before the last syllable of the foot. Usually the
caesura falls in tbe third foot, after the first syllable ; but
it can fall after the second syllable of a dactyl, and it oc-
casionally occurs in the fourth foot instead of the third.

An in.stince of a caesura falling after the first syllable
of the third foot (the usual caesura, and called strong
caesura) is given above.

An instance of a caesura falling after the second syl-
lable of a dactylic third foot (called a vjealc caesura) is

cumciie cho ro meli|6re || sii i vi|neta Tilmoli
An instance of the caesura in the fourth foot is

Horren das canit| ambages || anjtroque re mugit
The scheme of metre is accordingly

10 ovid's metamorphoses.

With regard to rules for the quantity of syllables, the
following are the most important, but they are nearly all
subject to exceptions : —

(1) A diphthong or contracted syllable is long, e.g.,
auceps, corjit (=cdd'jit).

(2) The former of two vowels not forming a diphthong
is short, e.g., gravtus.

(3) A vowel is long when it is followed (1) by two
consonants or x or z, whether in the same word or
different words ; or (2) by a j in the same word.

(4) A vowel by nature short becomes either long or
short when it comes before a mute followed by a liquid,
e.g., tenebrae; but gn and gni make a preceding vowel long.

(5) Final syllables of words ending in a, i, o, «, as, es,
OS, and c are long.

(6) Final syllables of words ending in e, n, r, I, d, t,
is, us, and ys are short.

(7) Monosyllables are generally long.

(8) Final a in nom. and ace. is short.

Final is is long in dat. and abl. plurals, in 2nd sing.

pres. of verbs of the 4th conjugation.
Final ns is short except in the nom. and ace. pL,
and gen. sing, of the 4th declension, and in fern.
nouns like virfus.
A vowel at the end of a word is elided before a vowel at
the beginning of the next word.

The syllables am, em, iin, om, and nm at tae end of a
word are elided before a vowel at the beginning of the
next word.

The letter h has no effect as a consonant in lengthening
a preceding vowel. A final vowel is elided before a word
beginning with It, thus atqiie has.

It is unusual to have a word of more than three syllables
at the end of a line ; the last word of a liae generally
consists of either two or three syllables. A aiono.sy liable
at the end of a line, e.g., ruliculns miis, vulnificus sn-s, is
not reckoned elegant, but this remark docs not apply to
a line ending in est preceded by a word which could itself
have ended the line, e.g., dusd est, credtd est.

INTRODUCTION. 11

The enclitic que = and is sbort, but in tliis book we
have two instances in which it is lengthened :

(1) Sarculaque rastrique graves longique ligones.

(2) Peleusque comitesque rogant, qnibus ille prof atur.

There are two remarkable instances of hiatus in this
book:

(1) Tympanajqu' et plau|sus || et| Bacche|t «Zttjlatus

(2) orgTal ti^adidejrat || ciim| Cecr6pi|o ^Jwlmolpo

(1.93).
In addition to the hiatus, the former of these lines is
noticeable because it ends with a word of four syllables,
and the latter line is noticeable because it has a spondee
in the fifth foot.

In line 456 we have both these irregularities combined :
aptarjique su is || pin|uni jubetj arma'mentis.

The text used is that of Triibner, and the present editor
is deeply indebted to the excellent editions of Haupt and
Siebelis. LI. 221—265 and 303—317 have been omitted.

12 METAMORPHOSES XI.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

Carmine dum tali silvas animosqiie ferarum

Threicius vates et saxa sequentia ducit,

Ecce nurus Ciconum, tectae lymphata ferinis

Pectora velleribus, tumuli de vertice cernunt

Orphea percussis sociantem carmina nervis. 5

E quibus una, leves jactato crine per auras,

" En," ait " en hie est nostri contemptor ! " et hastam

Vatis Apollinei vocalia misit in ora,

Quae foliis praesuta notam sine vulnere fecit.

Alterius telum lapis est, qui missus in ipso 10

Aere concentu victus vocisque lyraeque est,

Ac veluti supplex pro tam furialibus ausis

Ante pedes jacuit. sed enim temeraria crescunt

Bella, modusque abiit, insauaque regnat Erinys.

Cunctaque tela forent cantu mollita : sed ingens 15

Clamor et infracto Berecyntia tibia cornu

Tympanaque et plausus et Bacchei ululatus

Obstrepuere sono citharae. turn denique saxa

Non exauditi rubuerunt sanguine vatis.

Ac primum attonitas etiamnum voce canentis 20

Innumeras volucres anguesque agmenque ferarum

Maenades Orphei titulum rapuere triumph!

Inde cruentatis vertuntur in Orphea dextris

Et coeunt ut aves, si quando luce vagantem

Noctis avem cernunt. structoque utriraque theatre 25

Ceu matutina cervus periturus harcna

Praeda canum est, vatemque petunt et fronde virentes

Coniciunt thyrsos, non haec in munera factos ;

Hae glaebas, illae direptos arboro raraos,

Pars torquent silices. neu desint tela furori, 30

Forte boves presso subigebant vomere tcrram,

Nee procul hinc raulto fructum sudorc parantes

Dura lacertosi fodiebant arva coloni.

Agmino qui viso fugiunt, operisque rclinquunt

Arma sui. vacuosque jacent dispcrsa per agros 35

Sarculaque rastrique graves longique ligones.

Quae postquam rapiicrc ferae, corniujuc minaces

Divulscro boves, ad vatis fata recurrunt,

METAMORPHOSES XT. 13

Tendentemqnc manus atque illo tempore primum

Irrita dicentem nee quicquam voce moventem 40

Sacrilegae perimunt. perque os, pro Juppiter ! illud

Auditum saxis intellectumque ferarum

Sensibus in ventos anima exhalata recessit.

Te maestae volucres, Orpheu, te turba ferarum,

Te rigidi silices, te carmina saepe secutae 45

Fleverunt silvae : positis te frondibus arbos

Tousa comam laxit. lacrimis quoque flumina dicunt

Increvisse suis : obstrusaque carbasa pullo

Naides et drjades passosque habuere capillos.

Membra jacent diversa locis. caput, Hebre, lyramque 50

Excipis : et — mirum ! — medio dum labitur amne,

Flebile nescio quid queritur lyra, flebile lingua

Murmurat exanimis, respondent flebile ripae.

Jamque mare invectae flumen populare relinquunt,

Et Methymnaeae potiuntur litore Lesbi. 55

Hie ferus expositum peregrinis anguis harenis

Os petit et sparsos stillanti rore capillos.

Tandem Phoebus adest, morsusque inferre parantem

Arcet, et in lapidem rictus serpentis apertos

Congelat et patulos, ut erant, indurat hiatus. 60

Umbra subit terras, et quae loca viderat ante,

Cuncta recognoscit : quaerensque per arva piorum

Invenit Eurydicen, cupidisquc amplectitur ulnis.

Hie modo conjunctis spatiantur passibus ambo,

Nunc praecedentem sequitur, nunc praevius anteit, 65

Eurydicenque suam jam tuto respicit Orpheus.

Non inpune tamen scolus hoc sinit esse Lyaeus:
Amissoque dolens sacrorum vate suorum,
Protinus in silvis matres Edonidas omnes,
Quae videre nefas, torta radice ligavit. 70

Quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est,
Traxit, et in solidam detrusit acumine terram.
Utque suum laqueis, quos callidus abdidit auceps,
Crus ubi commisit volucris, sensitque teneri,
Plangitur, ac trepidans astringit vincula motu; 75

Sic, ut quaeque solo defixa cohaeserat harum,
Exsternata fugam frustra temptabat : at illam
Lenta tenet radix, exsultantemque coercet.
Dumque ubi sint digiti, dum pes ubi, quaerit, et ungues,
Aspicit in teretes lignum succedere suras. 80

Et conata femur maerenti plangere dextra,
Robora percussit. pectus quoque robora fiunt :
Robora sunt umeri : longos quoque bracchia veros

14 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Esse putes ramos, et non fallare putando.
Nee satis hoc Baccho est. ipsos quocjue deserit agros, 85
Cumque chore meliore sui vineta Timoli
Pactolonque petit ; quamvis non aureus illo
Tempore nee caris erat invidiosus harenis.
Hunc assueta cohors satyri bacchaeque frequentant :
At Silenus abest. titubantem annisque meroque 90

Ruricolae cepere Phryges, vinctumque coronis
Ad regem duxere Midan, cui Thracius Orpheus
Orgia tradiderat cum Cecropio Eumolpo.
Qui simul agnovit socium comitemque sacrorum,
Hospitis adventu festum genialiter egit 95

Per bis quinque dies et junctas ordine noctes.
Et jam stellarum sublime coegerat agmen
Lucifer undecimus, Lydos cum laetus in agros
Rex venit, et juveni Silenum reddit alumno.
rHuic deus optandi gratum, sed inutile, fecit 100

Muneris arbitrium, gaudens altore recepto.
Ille, male usurus donis, ait " effice, quicqiiid
Corpore contigero, fulvum vertatur in aurum."
Annuit optatis, nocituraque munera solvit
Liber, et indoluit, quod non meliora petisset. 105

Laetus abit gaudetque malo Berecyutius heros :
Pollicitique fidem tangendo singula temptat.
Vixque sibi credens, non alta fronde virentem
Ilice detraxit virgam : virga aurea facta est.
Tollit humo saxum : saxum quoque palluit auro. 110

Contigit et glaebam : contactu glaeba potenti
Massa fit. arentes Cereris decerpsit aristas :
Aurea messis erat. demptum tenet arbore poraum :
Hesperidas donasse putes. si postibus altis
Adraovit digitos, postes radiare videntur. 115

Ille etiam liquidis palmas ubi laverat undis,
Unda fluens palmis Danaen eluderc posset.
Vix spes ipse suas animo capit, aurea fingena
Omnia, gaudenti mensas posuerc ministri
Exstructas dapibus nee tostae frugis ogentes : 120

Turn vero, sive ille sua Cercalia Acs < :\
Munera contigerat. Cercalia dona ri,i;L'l)ant ;
Sive dapes avido coTivellere dcnto parabat,
Laramiiia fulva dapes, udmoto donte, preraebat.
Miscuerat puris auctorera muneris undis : 125

P\isile por rictus aurum tluitare videres.
Attonitus novitate inali, divesquo miserque.
EtTugere optat opes et fiuae modo voverat, odit.

METAMORPHOSES XI. 15

Copia nulla famera relevat; sitis arida uuttur
Urit, et inviso moritus torquotur ab auro. 130

Ad calaeuraque manus et splendida bracchia toUens,
"Da veniam, Leuaee pater ! peccarimus ; " inquit
" Sed miserere, precor, speciosoque eripe damuo."
Mite deum uumen Bacchus peccasse fatentem
Eestituit, factique fide data munera solvit. 135

"Neve male optato maneas circumlitus auro.
Vade" ait "ad maguis viciuum Sardibus amnem,
Perque jugum mentis labentibus obvius undis
Carpe viam, donee venias ad fluminis ortus ;
Spumigeroque tuum fonti, qua plurimus exit, 1 40

Subde caput, corpusque simul, siraul elue crimen."
Eex jussae snccedit aquae, vis anrea tinxit
Flumen, et humane de corpore cessit in amnem.
Nunc quoque jam veteris percepto semine venae
Arva rigent auro raadidis palleutia glaebis. 145

Hie, perosus opes, silvas et rura colebat,
Panaque montanis habitantem semper in antris.
Pingue sed ingenium mansit ; nocituraque, ut ante,
Rursus erant domino stolidae praecordia mentis.
Nam frcta prospiciens late riget arduus alto
Tmolus in ascensu, clivoque extensus utroque
Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis.
Pan ibi dum leneris jactat sua carmina nymphis
Et leve cerata modulatur harundine carmen,
Ausus Apollineos prae se contemnere cantus, 155

Judice sub Tmolo ccrtamen venit ad inpar.
Monte suo senior judex consedit, et aures
Liberat arboribus ; quercu coma caerula tantum
Cingitur, et pendent circum cava tempera glandes.
Isque deum peceris spectans " in judice " dixit 160

" Nulla mora est." calamis agrestibus insonat ille :
Barbaricoque Midan — aderat nam forte canenti —
Carmine delenit. pest hunc sacer era retorsit
Tmolus ad os Phoebi ; vultum sua silva secuta est.
Ille caput flavum lauro Parnaside vinctus 165

Verrit humum Tyrio saturata murice palla :
Instrictamque fidem gemmis et dentibus Indis
Sustinet a laeva : tenuit manus altera plectrum.
Artificis status ipse fuit. turn stamina docto
PoUice sollicitat, quorum dulcedine captus 170

Pana jubet Tmolus citharae summittere cannas.
Judicium sanctique placet sententia mentis
Omnibus, arguitur tamen atqae injusta vocatur

IG METAM jRPHOSES XI.

Unius sermone Midae. nee Delius aures

Humanam stolidas patitur retinere figuram : 175

Sed trahit in spatium, villisque albentibus implet,

Instabilesque imas facit et dat posse moveri.

Cetera sunt hominis : partem damnatur in unam,

Induiturque aures lente gradientis aselli.

lUe quidem celare cupit, turpique pudore 180

Tempora purpureis temptat velare tiaris.

Sed solitus longos ferro resecare capillos

Viderat hoc famulus, qui cum nee prodere visum

Dedecus auderet, cupiens efferre sub aura?.

Nee posset reticere tamen, secedit, humumque 185

Effodit, et, domini quales aspexerit aures,

Voce refert parva, terraeque inmurmurat haustae;

Indiciumque suae voces tellure regesta

Obruit, et scrobibus tacitus discedit opertis.

Creber harundinibus tremulis ibi surgere lucus 190

Coepit, et, ut primum pleno maturuit anno,

Prodidit agricolam : leni nam motus ab austro

Obruta verba refert, dominique coarguit aures.

Ultus abit Tmolo, liquidumque per aera vectus
Angustum citi-a pontum Ncphcleidos Helles 195

Laomedonteis Latoius astitit arvis.
Dextera Sigei, Rhoetei laeva profundi
Ara Panomphaeo vetus est sacrata Tonanti.
Inde novae primum moliri moenia Trojao
Laomedonta videt, susceptaque magna labore 200

Crescere ditHcili, nee opes ex'poscere parvas :
Cumque tridentigero tumidi genitore profundi
Mortidem induitur formam. Phrygiaeque tyranno
Aedificat muros, pactus pro moenibus aurura.
Stabatopus: pretium rex inticiatur, et addit, 205

Perfidiae cumulum, falsis perjuria verbis.
"Non inpunc feres"' rector maris inquit: et omnes
Incliiiavit acpias ad avarae litora Trojae.
Inque freti formam terras complevit, opesque
Abstulit agricolis et fiuctibus obruit agros. 210

Poena neque haec satis est : regis quoque filia moustro
Poscitur aoquoreo. qiiam dura ad saxa revinctam
Viiidicat Alcides, pronii.ss:i<|UC munera, dictos
Poscit cc|uos ; tantirpic operis mercede negata
Bis perjura cajnt superatac moenia Trojao. 215

Nee pars railitiac. Telamon, sine honore rcccssit,
Hesiiineque data potitur. nam conjuge Pcleus
Clams erat diva, nee avi magis ille superbit

METAMORPHOSES XI. 17

Nomine, quarn soceri ; siquidem Jovis esse uepoti
Coutigit haud uui, conjuux dea contigit uni. 220

Felix et nato, felix et conjiige Peleus, 266

Et cui, si demas iugulati crimina Phoci,
Omnia contigerant. fraterno sanguine sontem
Expulsumque domo patria Trachinia tellus
Accipit. hie regnum sine vi, sine caedc regebat 270

Lucifero genitore satus, patriumque nitorem
Ore ferens Ceyx. illo qui tempore maestus
Dissimilisque sui fratrem lugebat ademptum.
Quo postquam Aeacides fessus curaque viaque
Venit, et intravit paucis comitantihus nrbem. 275

Qiiosque greges pecorum, quae secum armenta trahebat,
Haud procul a muris sub opaca valle reliquit,
Copia cum facta est adeundi prima tyranni,
Velamenta manu praetendens supplice, qui ait,
Quoque satus, memorat. tantum sua crimina celat, 280
Mentiturque fugae causam ; petit, urbe vel agro
Se juvet. hunc contra placido Tracbinius ore
Talibus alloquitur : " mediae quoque commoda plebi
Nostra patent, Peleu, nee inhospica regna tenemus.
Adicis huic animo momenta potentia, clarum 285

Nomen avumque Jovem. ne tempora perde precando :
Quod petis, omne feres, tuaque haec pro parte vocato,
Qualiacumque vides. utinam meliora videres ! "
Et flebat. moveat tantos quae causa dolores,
Peleusque comitesque rogant. quibus ille profatur : 290
" Forsitan banc volucrem, rapto quae vivit et omnes
Terret aves, semper pejinas babuisse putetis.
Yir fuit. et tanta est anirai constantia. quantum
Frater erat belloque ferox ad vimque paratus,
Nomine Daedalion, illo genitore creatus, 295

Qui vocat auroram caeloque novissimus exit.
Culta mihi pax est, pacis mihi cura tenendae
Conjugiique fuit : fratri fera bella placebant.
Illius virtus reges gentesque subegit,
Quae nunc Thisbaeas agitat mutata columbas. 300

Nata erat huic Chione, quae dotatissima forma
Mille procoa habuit, bis septem nubilis annis.

18 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Quid peperisse duos et dis placuisse duobus

Et forti genitore et progeuitore comanti

Esse satara prodest ? an obest quoque gloria raultis ? 320

Obfuit huic certe. quae se praeferre Dianae

Sustinuit, faciemque deae culpavit. at illi

Ira ferox mota est, ' factis ' que ' placebimus ' inquit.

Nee mora, curvavit cornu, nervoque sagittam

Inpulit, et meritam trajecit haruudine linguam. 325

Lingua tacet, nee vox temptataque verba sequuntur ;

Conantemque loqui cum sanguine vita reliquit.

Quam miser araplexans ego tum patruoque dolorem

Corde tuli, fratrique pio solacia misi ;

Quae pater baud aliter, quam cautes murmura ponti 330

Accipit, et natam delamentatur ademptam :

Ut vero ardentem vidit, quater impetus illi

In medios iuit ire rogos ; quater inde repulsus

Concita membra fugae mandat, similisque juvenco

Spicula crabronum pressa cervice gerenti, 335

Qua via nulla, ruit. jam tum mihi currere visua

Plus homine est, alasque pedes sumpsisse putares.

EfFugit ergo omnes, veloxque cupidine leti

Vertice Pamasi potitur. miseratus Apollo,

Cum se Daedalion saxo misisset ab alto, 340

Fecit avem et subitis pendent em sustulit alis,

Onxciue adunca dodit, curvos dedit unguibus hamos,

Virtutem antiquain, ma j ores corpore vires.

Et nunc accipiter, nulli satis aequus, in omnes

Saevit aves, alii^f|ue dolens fit causa dolendi." 345

Quae dum Lucifero genitus miracula uarrat
De coiisoite suo, cursu festinus anhelo
Advolat armenti custos Phoceus Anetor,
Et " Peleu, Peleu ! magnao tibi nuntius adsum
Cladis " ait. quodcumque ferat, jubet edere Peleus. 350
Pendet et ipse metu trepidi Trachinius oris.
lUe refert : " fessos ad litora curva juveiK-ns
Appuleram, medio cum Sol altissimus orbi-
Tantum respicerct, (luiintum superesse vidi-ret ;
Parsque boum fulvis genua iuclinarat haniiis, 355

Latarumque jaceiis campos spectabat aquarum.
Pars gradibus tardis illuc crrabat et illuc,
Naiit alii, cclsoquc instant su])er aeqnoni coUo.
Templa mari .subsunt ncc miirmore clara nee auro,
Sed trabibns dcnsis lucoquc umbrosa vetusto : 360

Ncroides Nercusque tencnt; hos navita ponti
Edidit esse deos, dum retia litorc siccat.

METAMORPHOSES XI. 19

Juucta palus huic est, densis obsessa salictis,

Quam restagnantis fecit maris unda paludera.

lode fragore gravi strepitus loca proxima terret ; 365

Belua vasta, lupus mucisque palustribus exit

Oblitus et spumis, exspcrsus sanguine rictus

Fulmiueos, rubra suffusus lumiua flamma.

Qui quamquam saevit pariter rabieque fameque,

Acrior est rabie. neque enim jejunia curat 370

Caede boum diramque famem tinire, sed omne

Vulnerat armentum, steruitque hostiliter omne.

Pars quoque de nobis funesto saucia morsu,

Dum defensamus, leto est data, sanguine btus

Undaque prima rubet demugitaeque paludes. 375

Sed mora damnosa est, nee res dubitare remittit.

Dum superest aliquid, cuncti coeamus, et arma,

Arma capessamus, conjunctaque tela feramus."

Dixerat agrestis. nee Pelea damna movebant :

Sed, memor admissi, Nereida coUigit orbam 380

Damna sua inferias extincto mittere Phoco.

Induere arma viros violentaque sumere tela

Rex jubet Oetaeus ; cum quis simul ipse parabat

Ire. sed Alcyone coujunx excita tumultu

Prosilit, et, nondum totos ornata capillos, 385

Disicit hos ipsos, colloque infusa mariti,

Praestet ut auxilium sine se, verbisque precatur

Et lacrimis, animasque duas ut servet in una.

Aeacides illi: "pulchros, regina, piosque

Pone metus. plena est promissi gratia vestri. 390

Non placet arma mibi contra nova monstra moveri :

Numen adorandum pelagi est." erat ardua turris

Arce loci summa, fessis lux grata carinis.

Ascendunt illuc, stratosque in litore tauros

Cum gemitu aspiciunt, vastatoremque cruento 395

Ore ferum, longos infectura sanguine villos.

Inde manus tendens in aperti litora ponti,

Caeruleam Peleus Psamathen, ut finiat iram,

Orat, opemque ferat. nee vocibus ilia rogantis

riectitur Aeacidae: Thetis banc pro conjuge supplez 400

Accepit veniam. sed enim revocatus in acri

Caede lupus perstat, dulcedine sanguinis asper;

Donee inhaerentem lacerae cervice juvencae

Marmore mutavit. corpus praeterque colorem

Omnia servarit : lapidis color indicat, ilium 405

Jam non esse lupum, jam non debere timeri.

Kec tamen hac profugum consistere Pelea terra

20 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Fata sinunt : jMagnetas adit vagus exul. et illic
Sumit ab Haemonio purgamina caedis Acasto.

Interea fratrisque sui fratremque secutis 410

Anxia prodigiis turbatus pectora Ceyx,
Consulat ut sacras, hominum oblectamina, sortes,
Ad Clarium parat ire deum. nam templa profanus
Invia cum Phlegyis faciebat Delphica Phorbas.
Consilii tamen ante sui, fidissima, certam 415

Te facit, Alcyone, cui protinus intima frigus
Ossa receperunt, buxoque simillimus ora
Pallor obit, lacrimisque genae maduere profusis.
Ter conata loqui ter fletibus ora rigavit,
Singultuque pias interrumpente querellas 420

" Quae mea culpa tuam," dixit " carissime, mentem
Vertit ? ubi est, quae cura mei prior esse solebat ?
Jam potes Alcyone securus abesse relicta ?
Jam via longa placet ? jam sum tibi carior absens ?
At, puto, per terras iter est, tantumque dolebo, 425

Non etiam metuam, curaeque timore carebunt.
Aequora me terrent et ponti tristis imago,
Et laceras nuper tabulas in litore vidi,
Et saepe in turaulis sine corpore nomina legi.
Neve tuum fallax animum fiducia tangat, 430

Quod socer Hippotades tibi sit, qui carcere fortes
Contineat ventos, et, cum velit, aequora placet.
Cum semel emissi tenuerunt aequora venti.
Nil illis vetitum est, incommendataquetellus
Oranis, et omne fretum. caeli quoque nubila vexant 435
Excutiuntque feris rutilos concursibus ignes.
Quo magis hos novi, — nam novi et saepe paterna
Parva domo vidi — magis hoc reor esse timendos.
Quod tua si flecti precibus sententia nullis.
Care, potest, conjunx, nimiunique es certus eundi, 440
Me quoque tolle simul. certe jactabimur una.
Nee nisi quae patiar, metuam ; pariterque feremus,
Quicquid erit ; pariter super aequora lata feremur."
Talibus Acolidis dictis lacrimisque movetur
Sidereus conjunx : neque enim minor ignis in ipso est. 445
Sed neque propositos pelagi dimitterc cursus,
Ni'C vult Alcyoncn in jiartem adhibcrc pericli ;
Multaque respondit timiduni .solantia pectus.
Non tiimcn idcirco causam pmliat. addidit illia
Hoc (luoque leninien, <|Uo sold Hcxit amantein : 450

" Longu <|uidoui est nnbis oiiinis mora : sed tibi jure
Per putrios ignes, si me modo fata remittent,

METAMORPHOSES XI. 21

Ante reversurum, qnam luna bis impleat orbem."

His ubi promissis spes est admota recursus,

Protinus ednctain navalibus aequore tingui, 455

Aptarique suis piuiim jubet armamemis.

Qua rursus visa, veluti praesaga faturi,

Horruit Alcyone lacrimasque emisit obortas,

Amplexusque dedit, tristique miserrima tandem

Ore " vale " dixit, coUapsaque coipore toto est. 460

Ast juvenes, quaerente moras Ceyce, reducunt

Ordmibus geminis ad fortia pectora remos,

AequaUque ictu scindunt freta. sustulit ilia

Umentes oculos, stantemque in puppe i-ecurva

Concussaque manu dantem sibi signa maritum 465

Prima videt redditque notas : ubi terra recessit

Longius, atque oculi nequeunt cognoscere vnltus,

Dum licet, insequitur fugientem lumine pinum :

Haec quoque ut baud poterar, spatio sumraota, videri,

Vela tamen spectat summo tluitantia malo. 470

Ut nee vela videt, vacuum petit anxia lectum,

Seque toro ponit. renovat lectusque locusque

Alcyonae lacrimas, et quae pars, admonet, absit.

Portibus exierant, et moverat aura rudentes :

Obvertit lateri pendentes navita remos. 475

Cornuaque in sumraa locat arbore, totaque malo

Carbasa deducit venientesque accipit auras.

Aut minus, aut certe medium non amplius aequor

Puppe secabatur, longeque erat utraque tellus,

Cum mare sub noctem tumidis albescere coepit 480

Flucribus et praeceps spirare valentius eurus.

" Ardua jandudum demittite comua," rector

Clamat " et antemnis totum subnectite velum."

Hie jubet : impediunt adversae jussa procellae,

Nee sinit audiri vocem fragor aequoris ullam. 485

Sponte tamen properant alii subducere remos,

Pars munire latus, pars ventis vela negare :

Egerit hie fluctus, aequorque refundit in aequor,

Hie rapit antemnas. quae dum sine lege geruntur,

Aspera crescit hiems, omnique e parte feroces 490

Bella gerunt venti fretaque indignantia miscent.

Ipse pavet, nee se, qui sit status, ipse fatetur

Scire ratis rector, nee quid jubeatve, vetetve :

Tanta mali moles, tantoque potentior arte est.

Quippe sonant elamore viri, stridore rudentes, 495

Undurum incursu gravis unda, tonitribus aether.

Fluetibus erigitur caelumque aequare videtur

22 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Pontus, et mdnctas apperj^ine tangere nubes ;

Et modo, cum fulvas ex imo verrit harenas,

Concolor est illis, Stygia modo nigrior unda : 500

Stemitur interdum, spumisque sonantibus albet.

Ipsa quoque his agitur vicibus Tracliinia puppis :

Et nunc sublimis veluti de vertice mentis

Despicere in valles imumque Acheronta videtur :

Nunc, ubi demissam curvum circumstetit aequor, 505

Suspicere inferno summum de gurgite caelum.

Saepe dat ingentem fluctu latus icta fragorem,

Nee levius pulsata sonat, quam ferreus olim

Cum laceras aries ballistave concutit arces.

Utque solent sumptis incursu viribus ire 510

Pectore in arma feri protentaque tela leones :

Sic ubi se ventis admiserat unda coortis.

Ibat in arma ratis, multoque erat altior illis.

Jamque labant cunei, spoliataque tegmine cerae

Rima patet, praebetque viam letalibus undis. 515

Ecce cadunt largi rosolutis nubibus imbres,

Inque fretum credas totum descendere caelum,

Inque plagas caeli tumefactum ascend ere pontum.

Vela madent nimbis, et cum caelestibus undis

Aequoreae miscentur aquae, caret ignibus aether, 520

Caecaque nox premitur tenebris hiemisque suisque.

Discutiunt taraen has praebentque micantia lumen

Fulmina : fulmineis ardescunt ignibus undae.

Dat quoque jam saltus intra cava texta carinae

Fluctus : et ut miles, numero praestantior omni, 525

Cum saepe adsiluit defensae moenibus urbis,

Spe potitur tandem, laudisque accensus amore

Inter mille viros murum tamen occupat unus :

Sic ubi pulsarunt noviens latera ardua fluctus,

Vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae, 530

Nee prius absistit fessam obpugnare carinara,

Quam vclut in captae descendat moenia navis.

Pars igitur temptabat adhur invadcre pinum.

Pars maris intus erat. trepidant hand secius omnes,

Quam solet urbs, aliis murum fodiontibus extra 535

Atque aliis murum, trepidare, tenentibus intus.

Deficit ars, animique cadunt : totidomque videntar,

Quot veniant fluctus, mere atque irrunipcre mortes.

Non tenet hie lacrimas ; stupet hie ; vocat illo beatos,

Funera quos maneant ; hie votis uumen adorat, 540

Bracchiaciue ad caelum, quod non vidot, irrita tollens

Poscit opem : subcunt illi fratresque parensqae,

METAMORPHOSES XI. 23

Huic cum piguoribus domus, et quod cuique relictum est.

Alcyoue Ceyca movet ; Ceycis in ore

Nulla nisi Alcyone est : et cum desideret unam, 545

Gaudet abesse tamen. patriae quoque vellet ad oras

Respicere, inqne domum supremos vertere vultus :

Verum ubi sit, nescit ; tanta vortigine poutus

Ferret, et inducta piceis e nubibus umbra

Omne latet caelum, duplicataqne noctis imago est. 550

Frangltur iucursu iiimbosi turbiuis arbor ;

Frangitur et regimen : spoliisqiie animosa superstes

Unda, velut victrix, sinuataque despicit undas :

Nee levins, quam siquis Atbon Pindumve revulsos

Sede sua totos in apcrtum everterit aequor, 555

Praecipitata cadit, pariterqiie et poudere et ictu

Mergit in ima ratem, cum qua pars magna virorum

Gurgite pressa gravi neque in aera reddita fato

Functa suo est. alii partes et membra carinae

Trunca tenent. tenet ipse manu, qua sceptra solebat, 660

Fragmina navigii Ceyx, socerumque patremque

Invocat heu ! frustra. sed plurima nantis in ore

Alcyone conjunx. illam meminitque refertque:

niius ante oculos ut agant sua corpoi'a fluctus,

Optat, et exanimis manibus tumuletur amicis. 565

Dum natat, absentem, quotiens sinit hiscere fluctus.

Nominat Alcyonen. ipsisque inmurmurat uudis.

Ecce super medios fluctus niger arcus aquarum

Frangitur, et rupta mersum caput obruit unda.

Lucifer obscurus, nee quern cognoscere posses, 570

Ilia luce fuit: quoniamque excedere caelo

Non licuit, densis texit sua nubibus ora.

Aeolis interea tantorum ignara malorum
Dinumerat noctes : et jam, quas induat ille,
Festinat vestes, jam quas, ubi veuerit ille, 675

Ipsa gerat, reditusque sibi proraittit inanes.
Omnibus ilia quidem superis pia tura ferebat :
Ante tamen cunctos Junonis templa colebat,
Proque viro, qui nnllus erat, veniebat ad aras,
TJtque foret sospes conjunx suus, utque rediret, 580

Optabat, nuUamque sibi praeferret. at illi
Hoc de tot votis poterat contingere solum.

At dea non ultra pro functo morte rogari
Snstinet; utque maiius funcstas arceat aris,
" Iri, meae " dixit " fidis.sima nuntia vocis, 585

Vise soporiferam Somni velociter aulam,
Exstinctique jube Ceycis imagine mittat

24 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Somnia ad Alcyonen veros uarrantia casus."
Dixerat : induitur velamina mille colorum
Iris, et arcuato caelum curvamine signans 590

Tecta petit jnssi sub nube latentia regis.
[ Est prope Cimmerios longo spelunca recessu,
Mons cavus. ignavi domus et penetralia Somui :
Quo numqiiam radiis oriens mediusve cadensve
Phoebus adire potest, nebulae caligine mixtae 595

Exhalantur humo dubiaeque crepuscula lucis.
Non vigil ales ibi cristati cantibus oris
Evocat Auroram, nee voce silentia rumpunt
Sollicitive canes canibusve sagacior anser.
Non fera, non pecudes, non moti flaraine rami, 600

Humanaeve sonum reddunt convicia linguae.
Muta quies habitat, saxo tarn en exit ab imo
Rivus aquae Lethes, per quem cum murmure labens
Invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis.
Ante fores antri fecunda pajiavera florent 605

Innumeraeque herbae, quarum de lacte soporem
Nox legit et spargit per opacas umida terras.
Janua, ne verso stridores cardine reddat,
Nulla domo tota ; custos in limine nullus.
At medio torus est ebeno sublimis in antro, — 610

Plumeus, unicolor, pullo velamine tectus ;
Quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.
Hunc circa passim varias imitantia formas
Somnia vana jacent totidera, quot messis aristas,
Silva gerit I'rondes, ejectas litus harenas. ) 615

Quo simul intravit, manibnsque obstantia virgo
Somnia dimovit, vestis fulgore reluxit
Sacra domus : tardaque deus gravitate jacentes
Vix ocnlos tollens, iterumque iterumque relabens
Summaque percutiens nutanti pectora mento, 620

Excussit tandem sibi se, cubitoque Icvatus,
Quid veniat, — cognovit enim — scitatur. at ilia :
" Somne, quics rerum, placidissime, Somne, deorum,
Pax animi, quem cura fugit, qui corpora duris
Fe.ssa ministeriis mulccs reparasque labori ! 625

Somnia, quae veras aequent imitamine formas,
Herculea Tiachiue jube sub imagine regis
Alcyonen adeant, simulacraque naufraga fingant.
Imperat hoc Juno." postcpiam mandata pi regit,
Iris abit : nequc enim ultcrius tolerare vaporis 630

Vim poterat, labique ui somnum scusit in anus,
Eljugit, et remcat per quos mode venerat arcus.

METAMORPHOSES XI. 25

At pater e populo natorum mille .«uorum
Excitat artificeni simulatoremcjue fiizurae
Morphea, non illo jussos sollertius alter 635

Exprimit incessus vultumque sonumque loquendi;
Adicit et vestes et consuetissima cuique
Verba, sed hie solos homines imitatur. at alter
Fit fera, fit volucris, fit longo corpore serpens.
Hunc Icelon superi, mortale Phobetora valgus 640

Nominat. est etiam diversae tertius artis
Phantasos ; ille inhumum saxuraqneundamquetrabemque,
Quaeque vacant anima fallaciter omnia transit.
Regibus hi ducibusque suos ostendere vultus
Jsocte sclent, populos alii plebemque pererrant. 645

Praeterit hos senior, cuuctisque e fratril)us unum
Morphea, qui peragat Thaumantidos edita, Somnus
Eligit : et rursus moUi languors solutus
Deposuitque caput, stratoque recondidit alto.
Ille volat nullos strepitus f'acientibus alis 650

Per tenebras, intraque morae breve tempus in urbem
Pervenit Haemoniam ; positisque e corpore pennis
In faciem Ceycis abit, sumptaque figura
Luridus, exanimi similis, sine vestibus uUis,
Conjugis ante torum miserae stetit. uda videtur 655

Barba viri, madidis^que gravis fluere unda capillis.
Tum lecto incumbens, fletu super ora refuso,
Haec ait : " agnoscis Ceyca, miserrima conjunx ?
An mea mutata est facies nece ? respice ! iiosces,
Inveniesque tuo pro conjuge conjugis umbram. 660

Nil opis, Alcyone, nobis tua vota tulerunt :
Occidimus. falso tibi me promittere noli.
Nubilus Aegaeo deprendit in aequore navem
Auster, et ingenti jactatam flamine solvit :
Oraque nostra, tuum frustra clamantia nomen, 665

Implerunt ductus, non haec tibi nuntiat auctor
Ambiguus, non ista vagis rumoribus audis :
Ipse ego fata tibi praesens mea naufragus edo.
Surge, age, da lacrimas, hisrubriiique indue, nee me
Indeploratum sub inania Tartara mitte." 670

Adicit his vocem Moqjheus, quam conjagis ilia
Crederet esse sui. fleius quoque fundere veros
Visus erat, gestumque manus Ceycis habebat.
Ingemit Alcyone lacrimans, movet atque lacertos
Per somnum, corpusque petens amplectitur auras ; 675
Exclamatque " mane ! quo te rapis ? ibimus una."
Voce sua specieque viri turbata soporem

26 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Excutit : et primo, si sit, circumspicit illic,

Qui modo visus ei'at. nam moti voce miuistri

Intulerant lumen, postquam non invenit usquam, 680

Percutit ora manu, laniatque a pectore vestes,

Pectoraque ipsa ferit. nee crines solvere curat ;

Scindit, et altrici, quae luctus causa, roganti

" Nulla est Alcyone, nulla est : " ait " occidit una

Cum Ceyce suo. solantia toUite verba ! 685

Naufragus interiit. vidi agnovique, manusque

Ad discedentem, cupiens retinere, tetendi.

Umbra fuit. sed et umbra tamen manifesta virique

Vera mei. non ille quidem, si quaeris, habebat

Adsuetos vultus, nee quo prius, ore nitebat. 690

Pallentem nudumque et adhuc umente capillo

Infelix vidi. stetit hoc miserabilis ipso

Eece loco " — et quaerit, vestigia si qua supersint.

" Hoc erat, hoc, animo quod divinante timebam,

Et ne, me fugiens, ventos sequerere, rogabam. 695

At certe vellem, quouiam periturus abibas,

Me quoque duxisses. multum fuit utile tecum

Ire mihi. neque enim de vitae tempore quicquam

Non simul egissem. nee mors discreta fuisset.

Nunc absens perii, jactor quoque fluctibus absens, 700

Et sine te me pontus habet. crudelior ipso

Sit mihi mens pelago, si vitam ducere nitar

Longius, et tanto pugnem superesse dolori.

Sed neque pugnabo, nee te, miserande, relinquam ;

Et tibi mane saltem veniam comes, inqne sepulchro 705

Si non urna, tamen junget nos littera : si non

Ossibus ossa meis. at nomen nomine tangam."

Plura dolor prohibet, verboque intervenit omni

Plangor, et attonito gemitus e corde trahnntur.

Mane crat. egreditur tectis ad litus, et ilium 710

Maesta locum repetit, de quo spectarat euntem.

Dumque raoratur ibi. diimque "hie retinacula solvit.

Hoc mihi discedens dedit oscula litore " dixit,

Quae dum tota locis reminiscitur acta, frctumquc

Prospicit : in liquida. spatio distaiite, tuotur 715

Nescio quid quasi corpus, aqua, primoquo. quid illud

Essct, erat dubium. postquam paulum apjiulit unda.

Et, quamvis aborat, corpus tamen esse liqiioliat.

Qui foret, ignorans, quia naufragus. omiiie mota est. 71f>

Et. tamcjuam ignoto lacrimam daret, "hen! nnscr," inquit

" Quisquis OS, et si qua est conjunx tibi !" fluctibus actum

Fit propiua corpus, quod quo magis ilia tuetur.

METAMORPHOSES XI. 27

Hoc minus et minus est mentis, jam jamque propinquae
Admotum terrae, jam quod cognoscere posset,
Cernit : erat conjuux. " ille est ! " exclamat, et una 725
Ora comas vestem lacerat, tendensque trementes
Ad Ceyca manus " sic, o carissime conjunx.
Sic ad me, miserande, redis ? " ait. adjacet undis
Facta manu moles, quae primas aequoris iras
Frangit et incursus quae praedelassat aquarnm. 730

Insilit hue. mirumque fuit potuisse ? volabat,
Percutiensque levem modo natis aera pennis,
Stringebat summas ales miserabilis undas,
Dumque volat, maesto similem plenumque querellae
Ora dedere sonum tenui crepitantia rostro. 735

Ut vero tetigit mutum et sine sanguine corpus,
Dilectos artus amplexa recentibus alis,
Frigida nequiquam dure dedit oscula rostro.
Senserat hoc Ceyx, an vultum motibus undae
Tollere sit visus, populus dubitabat. at ille 740

Senserat. et tandem, superis miserautibus, ambo
Alite mutantur. fatis obnoxius isdem
Tunc quoque mansit amor, nee conjugiale solutum
Foedus in alitibus. coeunt, fiuntque parentes :
Perque dies placidos hiberno tempore septem 745

Incubat Alcyone pendentibus aequore nidis.
Tunc jacet unda maris, ventos custodit et arcet
Aeolus egressu, praestatque nepotibus aequor.
Hos aliquis senior junctim freta lata volantes
Snectat, et ad finem servatos laudat amores. 750

Proximus, aut idem, si fors tulit, " hie quoque,"' dixit
" Quem mare carpentem substrictaque crura gerentem
Aspicis," — ostendens spatiosum in guttura mergum —
" Regia progenies, sunt, si descendere ad ipsum
Ordine perpetuo quaeris, sunt hujus origo 755

Ilus et Assaracus raptusque Jovi Ganymedes
Laomedonque senex Priamusque novissima Trojae
Tempora sortitus. frater fuit Hectoris iste :
Qui nisi sensisset prima nova fata juventa,
Forsitan inferius non Hectore noraen haberet ; 760

Quamvis est ilium proles enixa Dymantis,
Aesacon umbrosa furtim peptrisse sub Ida
Fertur Alexirhoe, Granico iiata bicorni.
Oderat hie urbes, nitidaque remotus ab aula
Secretes montes et inambitiosa colebat 765

Rura, nee Iliacos coetus nisi rams adibat.
Non agreste tamen nee inexpugnabile amori

2? METAMORPHOSES XI.

Pectus habens, silvas captatam saepe per omnes

Aspicit Hesperien patria Cebrenida ripa,

Injectos umeris siccantem sole capillos. 770

Visa fugit nymphe, veluti perterrita fulvum

Cerva lupum, longeque laca deprensa relicto

Accipitrem fluvialis anas, quara Troius heros

Insequitur, celeremque metu celer urguet amore.

Ecce latens herba coluber fugientis adunco 775

Dente pedem strinxit, virusque in corpore liquit.

Cum vita snbpressa fuga est. amplectitur amens

Exanimem, clamatque ' piget, piget esse secutum !

Sed non hoc timui, nee erat mihi vincere tanti.

Perdidimus miseram nos te duo : vulnus ab angue, 780

A me causa data est. ego sura sceleratior illo :

Qui tibi morte mea mortis solacia mittam.'

Dixit, et e scopulo, qua rauca subederat unda,

Se dedit in pontum. Tethys miserata cadentem

Molliter excepit, nantemque per aequora pennis 785

Texit, et optatae non est data copia mortis.

Indignatur amans invitum vivere cogi ;

Obstarique animae, misera do sede volenti

Exire. utque novas umeris adsumpserat alas,

Subvolat atque iterum corpus super aequora mittit. 790

Pluma levat casus, furit Aesacos, inque profundum

Pronus abit, letique viam sine fine retemptat.

Fecit amor maciem : longa internodia crurum,

Longa manet cervix ; caput est a corpore longe.

Aequor amat, nomenque tenet, quia mergitur illo."

NOTES. 29

NOTES.

1. tali refers to the songs and tales in Book X. of the

Metamorphoses.

2. Threicius vates : Orpheus, a mythical musician and poet, earlier

than Ilomer, was reared in Thrace, a district N.E. of Greece.
He received a lyre from Apollo (or Mercury), on which he
played so skilfully that he drew after him not only wild beasts,
but rivers, trees, and rocks. He married Eurydice, who was
stung by a serpent and died. Orpheus followed her to Hades,
and so charmed the Gods by his playing that they consented
to restore Eurydice to him on condition that, when leading
her away, he should not look behind until he had left Hades.
Orpheus looked back, and so lost her irretrievably. He
retired to Thrace, where his death took place as described by
Ovid here.

3. Cicones : a people of Thrace, near the river Hebrus ; assisted

Priam, and were punished by Ulysses on his return home.

4. pectora : ace. of respect after tectae — " covered as to their

maddened breasts."

6. leves : remember the difference between levis, light, and levis,

smooth.

7. nostri : properly the gen. sing. neut. (if the possessive adjective

noster, used as objective genitive plural of ego. (An objective
denotes the object of the verbal action implied in the noun on
which it depends). The true genitive plural nostrura is used
partitively, e.g., uterque nostruyn, each of us.

8. ora : os, oris (n.), a month or face ; os, ossis (n.), a bone ; ora, -ae

(f.), a shore.

11. aere : distinguish this word from ae.', aeris (n.), brass.

12. ausis : a neuter participle used as a noun, and therefore may

have an adjective furialihus agreeing with it.

13. sed enim, lit. but ... for, is to be explained by an ellipse — " but

this wonderful event made no impression on the Bacchants,

for," «Sec.
li. Erinys : one of the Furies.
16. infracto : there is another reading infiato = blown.

Berecyntia : from mount Berecyntus, in Phrygia, the seat of the

wc iship of Cybele.

30 METAMORPHOSES XI.

Note the hiatus before idulatus : cf. Ver£^il, femiueo iilulatu ;
and Metam. II., 244, cum Phfgiaco Erymaatho ; and III.,
184, ant purpureae aurorae ; and below, line 93, Cecropio
Eumolpo.

18. obstrepuere ; resounded against, i.e., drowned.
20. etiamnum: etiam nunc.

22. Maenades : Maenads, another name for Bacchants, from Greek

fialvofj.at, I am mad.
Orpheus : See v. 2, sup.
triumphi : some read theatri — " the glory of this theatre of

Orpheus"; the crowd of animals, snakes, and birds being

regarded as an audience in a theatre.

25. noctis avem ; the bird of night, i.e., the owl.

utrimq^ue : this refers to the amphitheatre {lit., a theatre on
both sides, afiipl and Oearpo»), which was a circular or oval
building.
20. COniciunt : note the spelling, from con and jacio; conjido

= conicio, so disicit = disjicit.

28. thyrsos : thyrsus, a staff twined round with ivy and vine shoots,
borne by Bacchus and the Bacchants.

31. subigebant: suh when compounded with verbs often has the
meaning of wp, i.e., motion from under.

35. arma, lit. arms, here means tools, from arma -oi-um (n. pi.) ;

annus, -i, is an arm, shoulder, especially used with reference
to animals.

36. rastri : from rastrum, -i (n.), a rake, pi. rastri (m.) ; cf. the

converse case of loca, -orum (n.), one form of the pi. of

locus, -i (m.), a place. See carhatia below, line 48.

Note the abnormal lengthening of que before the following r

40. nec quicquam : quisquam and idlus are used in negative and
coiiii)arative sentences, and iu interrogative sentences that
oxpcc-i the answer No.

pro Juppiter : pro is here an interjection = oh, alas j and not a
preposition.

46. positis : pono, lit. I place, often acquires the meaning of I lay
iisidc, 1 lose.
frondibus: from /cims, /roid is (f.), a loaf or leafy branch. Dis-
tiuguiah it from frons, front is (f.), the brow, forehead.

NOTES. 31

47. comam : ace. of respect; cf. tectae pectora, line 4.

48. The conscructiou is — Naidesque et Dryades habuere carbasa

obstrusa pullo capillosque habuere pasnos.

carbasa : for the neut. pi. cf . line 36, raatri.

49. Naides: the nymphs of lakes, rivers, springs, and foantains.

Dryades : the nymphs of the woods. The life of each Dryad
terminated with that of the tree over which she presided.

50. Hebre : Hebrus, a river in Thrace, named from Hebrus, a

Thracian prince who was drowned in it.

51. minim is a neut. n j. used in apposition to the whole sentence.

52. nescio quid has much the same meaning as aliquid = some-

thing, I know not what.

54. mare : ace. of motion toward, after invectae.
popalare : native, i.e., Thracian.

55. Methymnaei : Methymna, a city in the north of Lesbos.

Lesbi : Lesbos, a large island off Mysia, in Asia Minor. It was
the native country of Arion, Alcaeus, and Sappho.

potinntur : they {i.e., the head and lyre) reach.

58. Phoebus (another name of Apollo), had given Arion the lyre,
and now appropriately comes to his rescue. Phoebus presided
over poetry, and was often seen with the Nine Muses on
Mount Parnassus.

62. The conr-iruction is — Recognoscit cuncta loca quae viderat ante.

cuncta is for coiuncta, i.e., conjuncta, joined together, whole, all.

arva piorum : i.e., Elysium, which, according to the Latin poets,
was a portion of the nether world.

63. Eurydicen : Eurydice, the wife of Orpheus, died from the sting

of a serpent inflicted when she was fleeing from Aristaeus,
who had fallen in love with her. See sup., line 2, and cf. the
tale of Aesacus and Hesperie at the end of this book.

65. anteit : a dissyllable, the e not being pronounced.

66. tuto : adv., in safety, safely. The form tnte is also used, tuti

is an intensive form of t\i, and means thou thyself.

67. Lyaeus : Bacchus, the god of wine, from the Greek \i/w, I

loosen, as wine is said to loosen or free men from care. Sea
below, line 105 and line 132.

scelus hoc : this crime, i.e., the murder of Orpheus.

32 METAMORPHOSES XI.

69. Edonidas: ace. p\.o?Edonis, -idis{i.) ; the nam. p\. is Edonides.
Edon is a mountain in the south of Thrace, a great seat of the
worship of Bacchus, whence Edonis = a Bacchant,
auceps : from atu*-, a bird, and capio, I take or catch ; a bird-
catcher.

74. The construction is — Utque volucris, ubi crus suum laqueis

commisit, sensitque teneri laqueis quos callidus abdidit auceps,
plangitur, &c.
laqueis is the dative after commisit, and the ablative after
teneri. As the forms of both the dative and ablative are the
same, the word is not repeated.

75. plangitur is middle in meaning — strikes itself, i.e., flaps its

wings.
77. temptabat : note the frequentative or iterative imperf.
79. The construction is — Dum quaerit ubi sint digiti, dum (quaerit)

ubi sint pes et ungues.

83. fiunt: according to the English idiom you would expect, /if, but

7-Qhora attracts it into the plural.

84. putes : the present subj., the apodosis of a conditional sentence,

sc, if you were to see them you would think.

failure =fallaris ; also pres. subj. for the same reason.

85. Baccho : called Lyaetis in line 67.

86. Timolus or Tmolus : a great mountain of Lydia, named from the

husband of Ouiphalc.

87. Pactolon : Pactolus, a river of Lydia, flows from Mount Tmolus

past Sardis into the Herinus. It washed down golden sands.
Pactolon is the Greek form of the accusative, cf. Eurydicen,
1. 6-3.

89. COhors : a baud, by analogy with colwrs praetoria, the general's

bodyguard. A cohort was one-tenth of a legion, and con-
sisted of three maniples, or six centuries. Two ccnturiac
= one manipnliif; ; three manipnli = one cohor.f ; ten cohortes
= one logic = ten cohorts = 30 maniples = 60 centuries.

90. Silenus : a demigod, represented as chief of the satyrs, and

nurse, preceptor, and attendant of Bacflius. lie was born at
Nysa, or at Malea in Lesbos. lie would not exercise his gift
of prophecy unless those who consulted him surprised him
asleep and bound him in floral chains. Below, in line 101,
he is called the altor, or foater-fathor of Bacchus, and Bacchus
is referred to as his aluviuus, line 99.

91. Phryges : nom. pi. m. = Phrygians, tlie inhabitants of Phrygin,

a district in Asia Minor, south of Bithyuia, and east of Mysia,
Lydia, and Caria.

NOTES. 33

92. Llidan : Greek ace. m. Mirlas was kintj of Phrygia, and son of

Goidius. The ordinary story of his life is given in the text.

93. Cecropio : Athenian ; from Cecrops, the mythical founder of

Athens. He is represented as coming from Egypt and leading
a colony to Attica about B.C. 1556.
Eumolpo : Eumolpus, king of Thrace, was forced, in consequence
of a conspiracy, to flee to Attica, where he was initiated into
the mystei-ies of Ceres at Eleusis, and made high priest.
After his death, his descendants the Eumolpidae always held
the priesthood of Ceres at Eleusis, and presided at the
Eleusinia.
For the hiatus in Cecropio Eumolpo, see above, line 17. The
two spondees at the end of the line are also remarkable.
This irregularity is soniPtimes allowed with proper names, but
Vergil, in Aeneid III. 12, ends a hexameter with et magnis dis.
99. Lucifer : the morning-star, also called Phosphorus (the Greek
equivalent of Latin Lucifer = light-bearing). The same star
at evening is called Hesperus. Here the word is used gener-
ally for dawn or day.
Lydos : Lydian, from Lydia, a district in Asia Minor lying between
Caria and Mysia. It is bounded on the west by the Aegaean
Sea and on the east by Phrygia. Its capital was Sardis.

100. altore : altor, the nourisher or father, from alo, ului, alitum, or
altum, 3, is the correlative form of ahimmis = the nourished
one, son, foster-son. Alxi,mnu!^ shows the remains of an old
Latin partic. passive ; cf. the Greek partic. passive in -jxivos.

102. lisurus: utor, Wkc potior, fruor,fHnijor, ?und vescor, ^ovemB the
ablative. The ordinary tran.slation of utor is / use, but more
strictly it is I am employed, or / employ myself, and hence
naturally is followed by the ablative.

104. munera solvit : solvere is used on analogy with the phrase

solvere pecuniani = to pay money, the favour being a debt of
gratitude owing by Bacchus to Midas.

105. Liber is another name for Bacchus ; see Lyaeus, line 67, and

Lenaev.s, line 132. The word Liber is connected with libare,
to offer libations, Bacchus being the god of wine which was
n.sed in libations.

106. Berecyntius: Berecyntian or Phrygian, Midas being king of

Plirygia ; see notes on lines 16 and 92. Midas is also said to
have been the son of Cybele, who is often called Berecyntia
mater.
109 — 112. Notice the variation in the tenses — " He lifts a stone from
the ground and instantaneously it has got the pale colour of
gold ; he has no sooner touched a clod of earth than it becomes
a mass of metal ; he has plucked some ears of corn, it turns
out that it was a golden harvest "
C

34 METAMORPHOSES XI.

112. Cereris : gen. of Ceres. Ceres was the goddess of corn and
crops, and was the mother of Proserpine. The name is often
used metaphorically for corn ; of. Cerealia munera and Cerealia
dona below, line 121, and the word cereals iu English.

114. Hesperidas : ace. pi. of Hesperides. The Hesperides were three
celebrated nymphs, daughters of Hosporns, and were the
guardians of the golden apples which Terra presented to Juno
on her marriage with Jupiter. The eleventh labour of
Hercules was to obtain some of these golden apples.

117. Danaen : ace. sing, of Dana'e. Danae was daughter of Acrisius,
king of Argos. She was confiued in a brazen tower by her
father in order that she should have no child, for an oracle
had declared that Acrisius should be destroyed by her child.
Jupiter wooed her iu a shower of gold, and she bore him a son
Perseus, who fulfilled the oracle by inadvertently killing his
father.

120. egentes : egeo governs the genitive; so also do misereor, obli-
viscor, and reminiscor.

125. auctorem muneris: the author of the gift, i.e. Bacchus, i.e.
wine. The munus, of course, refers to the gift of the power
of turning into gold everything that Midas touched. The
early Romans hardly ever drank their wine unmixed, they
nearly always added water.

128. odit : this is an instance of a verb in the perfect used with a
present meaning; cf. meinini, I remember, and 7ioi'i, I kuow.

131. splendida : because his arms were covered with gold.

132. Lenaee : Lenaeus comes from the Greek word meaning " belong-

ing to a wiiie-press," and is an epithet of ;ind synonym for
Bacchus, who was the god of the wiue-prcss. Cf. lines 67 and
105, above.

133. specioso : specious, i.e., from a disaster or loss which has the

appearance of good fortune.

135. pactique : there is another reading, pactaque, which would then

agree with fide and depend on data = given by his plighted
promise. If we read pactique, pacti is the gen. sing, of the
subst. pactum, and wo must translate, " takes back the favour
given in the faitliful performance of his agrei nieut."

136. circumlitus : remember the distinction between obUtiis =

sniciired, from oblino, and oblitas = having forgotten, from
oblirincor ; cf. line 3G5.

137. Sardibus : Snrdis, the capital of Lydia; see line 99.

138. Phrygiae : this imght more strictly to be Ltjdiae, but tho

trageiliiins and poets often use the name I'hrygia for Lydia
and Troas.

NOTES. 35

143. et : this is translated in English by when. In Latin two sen-
tences are often made co-ordinate where in English one is
made subordinate to the other.

145. Lit. = "the fields gleaming (pale) with their damp sod are

hard with gold."

146. perosus: used actively here. Cf. the "semi-deponents"

no.visus su7n from gav.deo, ansus sum from audeo, and solitxis
sum iromsoleo; but pe/05us is also used passively in later Latin.
COlebat has two meanings, one of which, that of haunting or
frequenting, applies to srJ'-as et nrra, and the other, that of
paying veneration to, applies to Paiia. So in English we say
a member of Parliament " took the oath and his seat," a
phrase which could not be rendered literally into Latin. Cf.
movet, line 674. Perhaps the English word court combines
both meanings.

147. Pana : Greek ace. sing, of Pan. Pan was the Arcadian god of

shepherds. He was supposed to appear suddenly to travellers,
and on account of his extraordinary looks and dress to give
them a fright. Hence we get our word panic.

148. pingue : fat, therefore lazy, and therefore stupid.

151. Tmolus : see line 86.

152. Hypaepis : Hypaepa lay on the southern slope of the range of

Tmoltis, and Sardis on the northern slope.

158. caerala : blue, because in the distance the top of a mountain
has a blue appearance to the spectator.

162. barbarico : Phrygian, here. Barharictcs means foreign rather
than savage. Everything which was not Greek or Roman was
called harl'iricus.

165. Pamaside : from Pamasis, a fem. adj. = of Parnassus, a high

mountain in Phocis sacred to the Muses and Apollo.

Tyrio : Tyrian, from Tyre, a colony in Phoenicia, south of Sidon.
It was famous for its purple dyes, obtained from a small shell
fish (murex).

166. saturata ; saturated, i.e., dyed and re-dyed.

167. Remember the difi'erence of declension between yides, -ei, faith,

and fides, jidis, a lyre.

170. qnonun probably refers to stamina; it might also refer to
stamina and status together.

174. Delias : the Delian trod is AjkjIIo, who was bom at Delos, the
central isle of the Cyclades. From B.C. 470 — 461 it was the
seat of the treastiry of the Greek confederacy against Persia.

176. trahit in spatium : drags into space, i.e. expands, enlarges.

36 METAMORPHOSES XI,

177. posse moveri ; notice how Lacin uses verbs where English
prefers nouns.

179. induitur is middle voice.

aselli : ascUus is a diminutive of asinus.

180. turpi pudore : the words turpis, px'.dor, and dedeciis, line 184,

all contain the idea of physical deformity, disfigurement, and
have but a faint trace of the moral meaning of shame, dis-
grace.

181. tiaris : tiara, -ae (f.), or tiares, -ae (m.), was the head-dress of

the Orientals ; a turban, tiara.

182. solitus : for the deponent form see line 146.

184. efferre : remember the principal parts — effero, extuli, elatitm.
189. opertis: operio, to shut, i^i the opposite of aperio, to open.

Another word for shut is claudo, with its correlative rechido,

to open.

192. agricolam : lit., husbandman ; here, the sower of the seed.

194. aera: see line 11.

195. Nepheleidos Helles ; Nephele was the wife of Athamas, king

of Boeotian Orchomenus, and the mother of Phryxus and
Helle. Athamas, pretending that Nephele was subject to
fits of madness, divorced her in order to marry Ino ; the
latter wished to destroy Xepliele's children, and accordingly
procured au oracle to the cflfect that the pestilence then
raging could only be stayed by their saciifice. They were led
to the altar, but fled through the air on a golden ram. Helle
dropped off and fell into the sea, which was on that account
called Hellespont.

196. Laomedonta: ace. sing, of Lao»ie(io?i. Laomedon was king of

Troy, and father of Priam, Hesione, &c.
Latoius : son of Latona, i.e., Apollo.

197. Sigei, Rhoetei : Sigeum and Rhoeteum are both promontories

on the Trojan coast.

198. Panomphaeo : Panomphaeus, an epithet of Jupiter = (1) The

author of all oracles; or (2) He who is worshipped by the

voices of all.
2('0. suscepta : strictly a neut. pi. The perf . part. pass, is here

used as a noun = itndertakinri, and has an adj. maona to agree

with it. Cf. pro tarn fur ialihu.'< ausis, line 12.
102 tridentigero : Neptune is generally represented as carrying a

trident. It was in consequciic» of liis attempting to dethrone

Jupiter that he wos banisiied from Olympus for a j'ear and

compelled with ApiJlo to build the walls of Troy for

Laomedou.

NOTES. 37

204. pactus : this word comes from pacisror, I bargain. Auother
reading is pacto, which comes from pango, pepigi, pactum, 3,
I fix, arrange.

206. perfidiae cumulum: cumulum is in the accusative case, in
apposition to the whole sentence, addit falsis perjuria verbis.

213. dictos here has a special meaning of fixed, bargained for.

215. bis can go either with perjxtra or with superatae, hut probably

with perjura — perjured once against both gods, and once
against Hercules.

216. Telamon was the son of Aeacus, accompanied Jason to Colchis,

and was armour-bearer to Hercules against King Laomedon.

217. Peleus, king of Myrmidones at Phthia in Thcssaly, was son of

Aeacus (the son of Jupiter), father of Achilles, and husband
of the Nereid Thetis, whom he surprised in a grotto after she
had fled from him and had in turn assumed the shapes of a
bird, a tree, and a tigress.
potitUT : the i in this word is either long or short.
219. The literal translation of this passage is, " Since to be the
grandson of Jupiter has fallen (i.e., happened) to not on©
(alone), (but) a goddess wife has fallen to one (alone)."

266. nato : Achilles,
conjuge : Thetis.

267. Phoci : Phocus was the half-brother of Peleus.

269. dome patria : an et must he supplied in translating into English.
It is very commonly omitted in cases of this kind in Latin.
Cf. patres con-icripti, which stood originally for patres et con-
scripti, i.e., the ancient "fathers" and the newly enrolled
members of the Senate.
Trachinia tellus : a coast district of Phthiotis, in S.E. of
Thcssaly.

271. Lucifero genitore satus : son of his father Lucifer. In many

casfs it is advisable in translating to leave out genitor, and
say merely son of Lucifer.

nitorem properly = splendour ; hence = beauty, comeliness.

272. Ceyx : a king of Trachinia, son of Lucifer and husband of

Alcyone, was drowned when going to consult the oracle at
Claros.

273. fratrem ademptum : the loss of his brother, lit. = his lost

brother. So .iV'Hiiin.s mons = the top of the mountain, urbs
capita = the taking of the city. This is an important idiom.

274. Aeacides : son of Aeacus = Peleus. The -ides is a masc.

" patronymic " termination, and can generally be translated
by 8071 of. Cf. Prio.mides, Tyndaridea. The other masc.

38 UETAMORPHOSES XI.

terminations are -Mes, -Ideb; and -tades, e.g., Hippofades,
Thesides, Thcstiades = the son of Hippotas, Thesens, Thestius.
The chief fem. terminations are -is, -eis, and -as; e.g.,
Thaumaiitis = daughter of Thaumas, Nereis = daughter ot
Nereus, Thestias = daughter of Thestius.

276, 277. Construe these lines in the following order — Reliqnitque
sub opaca valle haut procul a muris greges pecorum quoa
secum trahebat (et) armenta quae secum trahebat. For the
omission of et cf. line 269.

278. COpia here = opportunity. Generally in the sing, it means

abundance, and in the plural forces, supplies.

prima : the adv. primum is more common in this sense, instead
of the adj. prima.

279. velamenta : from velainenfujn, a covering ; here = olive-

branches wound about with woollen fillets, or rods wound
about in the same manner, which suppliants bore before them.

qui sit : qui = what kind of man, what were his personal cir-
cumstances. Quis would have referred merely to hig
name.
282. Tracliinius : Ceyx.

286. avumque Jovem : Jupiter was the father of Aeacus, who was

father of Peleus.

287. feres : you shall carry off, i.e., gain.

pro parte = for your (equal) part = one-half.

288. qualiacumque ; qualiscumque, of whatever sort, generally has

a disparaging sense — " however poor they may be."

290. Notice the unusual lengthening of the enclitic que after Peleus.

Pelensque comitesque rogant : qnibiis ille pi ofatur.
Cf. line 36. Sarculaque rastrique graves longique ligones.
In both these lines we see the following que has its usual
short quantity.

291. forsitan in Cicero always governs the subjunctive. In poetry and

post-Augustan prose it sometimes is followed by the indie.
Ilere it governs the subj. pxifeiis.

rapto is the abl. sing, of the neut. raptum = prey, booty.

Daedalion : Apollo changed Daedalion into a falcon on account
of his excessive grief for the death of his son Philonis.

295. genitore: Lucifer.

296. novissimus : /i7., the newest, "departs the newest," t.c, the

latest. If a guest departs later than the rest he is the must
newly or recently departed.

299. The second i in illius can bo long or short. Here it is long.

NOTES. 39

300. Thisbaeas : Thisbe was a Boeotian towu south of Mount
Helicon. It was fomous for the nutnbei" of doves it produced.
Homer calls it noKvTpTjpwv = abounding in doves.
318 peperisse duos : rhilammon and Autolycus.
dis placuisse duobus : Phoebus and Mercury,
genitore : Daedalion.

progenitore ; Jupiter, who was the father of Lucifer, grand-
father of Daedalion, and gre^it-grandfather of Chione.

322. sustinuit = endured, had the courage to = ausa est.

323. The (J we oi factisque is construed with inquii factis placehimus ;

this is, of course, ironical.

325. meritam : from mereo, 2, or mereor, 2 dep. = to deserve, de-

servins: punishment or reward.

326. VOX temptataque verba = the sound of her attempted words;

so pateris libannif! et auro — we offer libations in cups of gold.
This idiom is called hendiadys, or the expression of one idea
by means of two. In English the phrase can generally be
rendered by putting of before the second noun, or else turning
it into an adj., e.g., " golden cups." This is the converse of
capta urbs and summus mons noticed in note to line 273.
328, 329. Construe in the following order — Quo corde miser ego
tum tuli amplexus doloremque patris, dixique solacia pio
fratri.

amplexus is the ace. pi. of amplexus, -us, an embrace,
plus = loving, affectionate, performing one's duty either to
goils, parents, or children ; of. " pius Aeneas."

Daedalion was the father of Chione and brother of Ceyx. There
is another reading —

" Quam miser amplexans ego tum patruoque dolorem
Corde tuli, fratriqne pius solacia dixi."
(And I hapless wretch embracing her then both bore grief in
my heart as an uncle, and affectionately offered consolation to
my brother.)
332. ardentem = burning on the funeral pyre.

337. plus homine = plus quam pro homine = more than in accord-
ance with man's powers.

3.39. Parnasi : Parnassus, a mountain -range of Phocis and Doris ;
the name Parnassus is chiefly applied to the higliest part near
Delphi. Cf. line 165.

341. subitis alls: with suddenly made wings; subitis expresses
that, while Daedalion was falling through the air, Apollo
changed him into a bird, and suddenly supplied him with
«rings.

40 METAMORPHOSES XI.

313. majores COrpore = majores quam pro corpore ; cf. line 337.

345. aliisque dolens, etc. : in his grief for Chione he ciuses grief to

other beings.

346. Lucifero genitus : Luc'fero is the abh of origin, governed by

genitiis. We find the same construction with satus, ereatus,
ortus, and natus.

348. Phoceus : Phocaean, from Phocae, the northernmost coast city
of Ionia. It soon became a great naval power, founded many
colonies, and among them Massilia (Marseilles).

351. pendet : hangs in suspense.

trepidi oris is the genitive of quality. The Trachinian of
tremblini^ face, i.e., the trembling-faced Trachinian. Another
reading is —

" Pendet et ipse metu trepido Trachinius hospes."
TracMnius : Ceyx.
353. medio cum sol, etc. : when the sun was at its highest point

and had completed one-half of its diurnal course.
356. latarum = broad ; another word latiis = borne, from fero ;
l(itus, -eris (n.) = a side.
campos latarum aquarum = the broad sea.

359. templa : notice the plural where we might have expected the

sin<,'ular tern plum.

360. trabibus : trunks of living trees.

Nereides : the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris were the
nymphs of the Mediterranean. The most famous Nereid was
Thetis, the mother of Achilles. They were represented as
beautiful maidens who resided in caves by the seashore, or at
the bottom of the sea, with their father. For the patronymic
termination cf. line 274.

Nereus : son of Oceanns and Terra, father of the Nereids, had
the gift of prophecy, and could (like Proteus) take different
shapes.

361. ponti : i.e., the Malian Gulf, in south of Thessaly. Distinguish

pons, pontis, abridge, from pontns, -i, the sea.

364. paludem : the repetition of this word is not necessary, although

perhaps it adds clearness and emphasis. Cicero and Caesar
constantly repeat the noun in the relative clause.

A little to the south-east of the marsh of Trachis ran the
famous pass of Thermopylae, wliore Leonidas and his 300
Spartans opposed the Persians in B.C. 480.

365. The better reading of the passage is —

" Inde fragore gravi strepitus loca proxima terret
Bellua vasta lupus : juncisque paluatribus exit
Oblitus et spumis, et sparsus sanguine," etc.

NOTES. 41

It ia possible, however, to put a semicolon after tC'-r-t ; then
s?/r]iififs will be not genitive but nom., and /ca^yo/'e lefi-rs to
the breaking of branches. Another reading is spisso for
!<parsus, and another is —

" Belua vasta, lupus mucisque palustribus e.'cit
Oblitus et spuniis, expersus sanguine rictus," etc.
mucus probably means moisture, but it is an uncommon use of

the word,
oblitus : from ohUno, to besmear ; cf. line 136.
rictus fulmineos is the ace. of respect, governed by sparsus or
ex.<persus, if those words are in the reading. If spisso is read,
rictus is ace. of respect, governed by oblitus.
368- lumina : ace. of respect, governed by suffusus.
369. quamquam generally takes the indie., qunmvis the subjunctive,
but see line 718, infra. Quainvis may i.e used to quality an
adj., qHatnqucun cannot be so used. Thus, " however great " =
quaiiiris magnus, not quarnquain i)ia{)nus.

374. defensamus : iJeftnso is the frequentative form of defendo, and
signifies repeated efforts to ward off. Cf. verso and verto,
ventito and cenio. Befenso here can mean either (1) defend
the flocks, or (2) ward off the wolf.

376. remittit here = permits.

379. dixerat : the rustic had spoken, i.e., his speech had finished.

380. admissi : sc. sceleris = ox the crime he had committed; but

admissum is also used by itself as a neuter noun = crime.
Nereida ; Psamathe, the mother of Phocus.
conligit : like the English "gathers," = infers, concludes.

381. inferias : inferiae = sacrifices in honour of those down below,

i.t., of the dead.

383. Rex Oetaeus : Ceyx, king of Trachin. Mount Oeta was a

mountain- ran L'e in the district of Trachin, in the south of
Thessaly, running from the river Spercheus to Thermopylae,
quis is a contracted form of quibus, from qui, quae, quod. In
prose when cum is used with qiubus, it is placed after the
relative, — quibuscum, not cum quibtis. So mecuni, tecum,
secum, nobiscum, vobiscum, quocum.

384. excita: from excio, -ivi or -it, -itum, 4, to rouse, terrify.

385. capillos : ace. of respect.

386. hos ipsos : the hair already trimmed.

infusa has a middle sense rather than a passive = pouring
lierself round, i.e., clinging to, from in/undo, -fudi, -fusum, 3.

387. sine se: se refers to the subject of mittat, and not to the

principal verb precatur.

42 . METAMORPHOSES XI.

389. Acacides : son of Aeacus = Peleus.
illi : so. dixit = (said) to her.

392. pelagi : nearly all nouns in -us of the End declension are

masculine. Pelagus, virus, and vulgus are neuter, but vulgus
is sometimes masculine.

393. loci: there is another reading /ocws = fire, beacon.

394. stratos : from stemo ; see Hue 372.

395. vastatorem ferum : here Jerum is probably the noun, and

vastatorem the adjective. So victor and victrix are used as
adjectives, e.g., victrix caterva. It is possible, however, to take
ferus as the adjective and vastator as the noun.

396. longos villos : ace. of respect after infectum.

infectum : here = dyed, from inficio, to dye. Jnfectus also
means not made, not done.

401. sed enim : " hut the wolf continues his slaughter, for the blood
has made him savage."

404. mutavit : " Psamathe changed." Muto may have accus. of
what is left, or ablative of what is taken, or (in poetry) the
converse. Thus, nudare urhem exilio, and mntare urhe exilium
may equally mean, "to quit the city and go into banishment."

406. jam non : no longer ; nondum = not yet.

408. Magnetas : the inhabitants of ]Man;nesia, a town and small

coast district of eastern Thessaly, south of Ossa.

409. Haemonio : Haemonian. Haemonia is a poetical name for

Thessaly.

Acasto : Acastus, son of king Pelias of Thessaly, married
Hippolyte, who fell in love with Peleus when the latter was
an exile at the court of Acastus. Peleus rojocted her love,
and she accordingly accused him of attempting her honour.
He was exposed to the centaurs, but delivered by Vulcan at
Jupiter's command.

purgamina : if a man was guilty of a serious crime he could
become reconciled to the Gods only by getting an innocent
man to purify him. This purification was generally by means
of water, sulpliur, and fire.

410. Con.struo as follows: — Interea Ceys, turbatus anxia pectora

(ace. of respect), prodipiia et fratris sni et fniircm seoutis.
Fratrevi secufis is short for fratri.t pmdiijia sccutis. Prodigia
fratris = the metamorphosis of D.'\e<lftliou, and sccutis prodigia
fnitris = the appearance and petrifaction of the wolf.

413. Clarium deum : the god of Clarua, a town of Ionia, famous for
nn ornrlo of .\pollo.

NOTES. 43

413. Phlegyis : the Phlcgyae were a mythica race of Thessaly wlio
plundered and burnt Apollo's temple at Delphi. Some of
them settled in Phocis.
Phorbas was one of the Lapithae who dwelt in the mountains
of Thessaly. He was a savage robber, forced strangers to box
with him, and then slew them. He challenged the gods, and
was slain by Apollo for his presumption.

417. OSSa : from os, ossis (n.), a bone; the other word os, oris (n.),
= the face ; oris is also the dat. and abl. pi. of ora, a shore.

422. Construe — Ubi est cura mei quae prior esse solebat ? For

the transference of the noun cura into the relative clause, cf .
lines 363, 364.

423. securus : free from care; from se = S!')?e, without, and cura

= care. So socors — silly, is from se = without, and co<- = heart,
intelligence.

425. puto : iinal o in Latin is usually long, but in modo and cqo it is

short, and generally in pj/fo.
tantumque : tantum here is the adverb meaning only.

426. carebunt : verbs signifying to ahound in or to he in need of, as a

rule govern the ablative, e.g., e(ieo, careo, ahundo, vaco.

428. laceras tabulas : broken planks from shipwrecks. Tahula

oriiiinally meant a plank, and hence a tablet or writing-tablet.

429. tumulis sine corpore : graves without bodies, i.e., cenotaphs, or

graves erected in honour of people whose bodies were lost at
sea. It was thought that the soul of a person who had
received no funeral honours was obliged to wander in agony
on the banks of the Styx for 100 years. To save the souls of
their friends from this unpleasant fate it was customary for the
Greeks to erect tombs, which, however, as the body could not
be found, were necessarily empty,
nomina legi : there is, of course, an anachronism here in
referring to an epitaph on a tomb.

431. Hippotades = Aeolus, son of Hippotas, was made by Juno

king of the winds, in Aeoliae. For the patronymic termi-
nation see line 274.

Alcyone was the daughter of Aeolus and granddaughter of
Hippotas.

432. placet, from placo, 1, to appense, calm, governs ace. Placet is

from placeo, 2, to please, and governs dative,
sit is the subj. after quod expressing a reason. Contineat and
placet are in the subj. because they are in relative sentences
depending on a verb in the subj.

4.34. incommendata : from incommendatus, -a, -urn, a very rare word
= unrecommended, given up, abandoned.

44 METAMORPHOSES XI.

435. vexant : the nom. is venti.

437, 8. quo magis . . . magis hoc : the prose form is g"o magis

. . . ec mo'jjf:. Qv-o, eo, and hoc are all ablatives of instru-
ment.

novi is a^ perfect tense used with a present meaning (cf. odit,
line 128), and corresponds exactly with reor in the next line.

438. Construe — Si tua senteniia, care conjunx, potest flecti nullis

precibns.

440. certus eundi : this construction of cerfu.? with the genitive of

the gerund is very common. Another common construction
is the infinitive, e.g., certa tnori = resolved on death.

441. una is an adverb = together, at the same time.

444. Aeolidis : from Aeolis. Aeolis was the daughter of Aeolus =

Alcyone.

445. sidereus : Cfyx, who was son of Lucifer, the Morning Star.
ignis : the fire of love.

451. longa : long, troublesome, wearisome.

nobis : here probably = mihi. It is the " plural of majesty."
Cf. the use of We in proclamations by the Queen.

452. patrios : i.e., Lucifer's.

453. Antequam luna bis impleat orbem : Uf. = before the moon

fills her orb twice, i.e., before tlie lapse of two months.

456. pinum, from pinus, a pine-tree, of which wood ships were
made, is often used for a ship itself. So puppis, a prow, and
carina, a keel, are used for a ship, the part being taken to
express the whole.

jubet : juheo takes the infinitive, but impero takes ut, in accord-
ance with the rule: —

With ask, command, advise, and strive.
By ut translate infinitive ;
But not so after julriK nor
After verb deponent cwr.

armamentis : the spondee in ihc fifth foot instead of a dactyl
is vtiy unusual. The fact tliat onvomentis is a four-syllable
is perhiips some palliation ibr the irrepulaiity ; cf. " Cornua
velataruin obvertinins antennarum," Verg. Aen. iii., 549..

rursus horruit : shuddering «as a bad omen.

lacrimasque, &c. .- lit. = slud the tears that sprang up in her
oyes, and gave embraces.

46'». vale, from raleo, to be well or vigoroas, lit. means be well or
fare tridl, and hence fj'iorjhi/e.

NOTES. 45

461. juvenes : juvenis in Latin = a person in the prime of life, the

age included being from twenty to forty years old. Juvenis
has not the same meaning as our word youth.

462. ordinibus geminis: (1) in rows of two, i.e., the rowers sit on

both oicks i)f the boat just opposite each other, i.e., two
abreast ; or (2) in two rows right round the ship, i.e.. the ship
was a bireme, with two rows of oars on each side. A trireme
had three rows of oars, a quadrireme four, and a quinquereme
live.

464. recurva is abl. agreeing with puppe. There is another read-
ing, relicta = nom. agreeing with ilia, or else abl. agreeing
with puppe.

466. prima agrees with signa, and is not fem. sing, agreeing with
x-idet.

470. malo : remember the various meanings of this word : — (1) dat.

and abl. of yndlus, -i (m.), a mast; (2) dat. and abl of malus,
-1 (f.), an apple-tree ; (3) dat. and abl. of malum, -i (n.), an
apple ; (4) pres. ind. of nidlo, I prefer. Malo is the dat. and
abl. (m. and n.) of malu.s, -a, -urn, bad, and the dat. and abl.
of malum, •% (n.), an evil.

471. ut, followed by indie. = as or when.

474. rudentes : from rudenx (m.), a rope, cord; in plural = rigging.

The word is probably derived from rudo,-ivi, -Itum, 3, to roar,
creak. This word is an exception to the rule that nouns
ending in " s impure," i.e., in s preceded by a consonant, of
the 3rd declension, are fem. The other important exceptions
are mons, pons, fans, and dens. Rudens is sometimes fem. in
Plautus.

475. obvertit : turns toward, or near, the side of the boat. When

they leave the harbour the men first use their oars, but when
they are quite free of the land they use their sails.

476. arbore : lit. = tree ; hence = that which is made from a tree,

a mast.

478. medium aequor : the middle of the water, i.e., half the dis-

tance.

479. utraque tellus : i.e., the land from which they started, and the

l;iiid to which they were going.

erat = aherat.
482. jamdadom here = immediately. The word often means long

COmua : properly the extremity or end of the sail-yards ; here
used for the sail-yards themselves.
486. alii : some, corresponding to fars in nest line.

46 METAMORPHOSES XI.

486. subducere : suhducerc navem = to draw a ship up on land ; so

suhducere remos, to draw the oars up on the boat, to " ship
oars."

487. munire latus: secure the side of the ship, i.e., prevent the

water from coming through the holes made for the oars.

488. egerit : from egero, -essi, -estum, 3, to take out, pump out. It is

not the third sing. perf. subj. of ago, egi, actum, agere.

489. sine lege : without law, i.e., without any order.

492. nee se fatetur scire : the negative of nee goes with scire, and
not with fateri. So, " I say this is not true " must be rendered
in Latin by " Nego hoc verum esse." In Latin the negative
is attached to the principal rather than to the subordinate
verb of the sentence.

495. The lit. translation is — " Forsooth the men resound with shouts,

the cordage with creaking, the heavy wave with the rush of
winds, and the air with thunder."

496. tonitribus : from tonitrus, -us (m.), thunder. There is no

authority for the neuter form tonitvv., -us, but there is a neuter
noun tonitruum, -i.

497. aequare : to reach.

inductas : from induco, -duxi, -ductum, to overlay, overspread.

499. modo . . . modo : at one time ... at another.

500. Stygia : Styx is the principal river in the lower world, round

whicli it flows seven times.

501. interdum, sometimes, must be distinguished from interdiu, in

the daytime,
sternitur : is strewn level, is smooth.

504. Acheronta : Acheron, the river of the lower world, round which

the shades hover.

505. curvum aequor : the hollow between two waves.
507. latus ; ace. of respect after icta.

509. ballista : a largo military engine, like a bow, stretched with

cords and thongs, by which masses of stones and other
missiles were thrown to a great distance.

510. incursu : by its onset, momentum.
513. arma bore means rigging, tackle.

5i 4. spoliataque : spulio governs the ablat ivp, like most verbs signi-

fying jirivation ; cf. egeo, carco, lino 426.
tegmine cerae : the seams of the ship wore stopped with wax,

or :i compound of pitcli and wax, to make them water-tight.
517. Credas : "you would think," the ajiodosis of a conditional son-

teiire, tho protasis [e.g., if you tried to explain the event) being

omitted.

NOTES. 47

518. plagas : from plfifja, -ae (f.), a region, tract. Plniia, -ae (f.), also

means a snare, net ; and 2'^';7«, -ce (f.) = a blow, wound.

519. undis, aquae: we should perhaps expect aquis, imdae, as aqua

would be more naturally applied to the waters from heaven,
and uiHlae to the waves of the sea. Undis is probably used
because the rain was so heavy as to form waves by itself.

520. ignit)US : its fires, i.e., the stars.

521. caeca : lit., blind ; here = dark, inpenetrable.

522. micantia : mico = to move quickly to and fro, to have a vibrat-

ing, tremulous motion ; hence = to quiver, to spring forth (of
fountains), to gleam, glitter of stars.

524. texta : from text um, that which is woven together, a fabric.

Remember the parts of — texn, tcxui, tevtum, 3, to weave ; and
tego, texi, tectum, 3, to cover.

525. numero omni : than all the number of his fellow-soldiers.
527. spe here = the object of his hope.

530. Construe — Impetus decimae undae, vastius insurgens, ruit.

decimae undae ; the Romans used to consider that every tenth
wave was larger and more dangerous and powerful than the
Others. Cf. Tristia, 1. 2, 49—

" Qui venit hie fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;
Posterior nono est undecimoque prior."

536. trepidare must be taken with solet xirbs.

537. ars : the ^kill of the sailors and master.

538. mortes : kinds of death.

540. funera quos maneant : whom a funeral awaits, i.e., who die on
land where their friends can bury them, and not at sea where
their bodies are lost. If a person were not buried it was sup-
posed that his soul could never cross over the river Styx.

542. opem : this word in singular means help, assistance ; in plural =

resources, wealth. Cf. copia = plenty, abundance ; copiae =
supplies, forces,
subeunt : sc. in mentcm = come up into his mind.

543. pignoribus : pi^/nora are pleges, i.e., children who are pledges

of afl'ection. If children were left behind at home, they were

a pledge that the parent would return.
quod cuique relictum est : the order is probably, Et cuiqne

subit quod ei relictum est ; but the other way of making

cuique the ind. object of relictum is possible.
545. desideret : desidem = to desire something which is absent, to

miss.
549. fervet : besides the verb ferveo, there is another form fervo,

Jtrvi, 3.

48 MtTAMORrUuSKS XI.

550. duplicata : tliis refers to line 521 —

" Caecaqne nox premitur tenebris hiemisque euisque."

551. arbor : cf. line 476, and also the use of 2nnus for ship, line 456.

552. spoliis : i.e., the mast and rudder.

superstes: standing over (from super and sto). The word

generally means surviving.
554. Atlion : Mount Athos, a mountain of Macedonia, projecting

into the Aegaean. Xerxes made a canal at its inland base for

his fleet, to avoid the danger of doubling the mountain.
Pindumque : Pindus, a mountain-chain between Thessaly,

Macedonia, and Epirus, sacred to the Muses and Apollo,
siquis : after we, nisi, num, and si, quis is used instead of

o.Uquis.
558. aera : aer is properly the lower atmosphere, as distinguished

from aether, the upper pure air.
fato functa SUO est : lit. = accomplishes its fate, i.e., meets its

fate.

561. socerum : i.e., Aeolus,
patrem : i.e., Lucifer.

562. plurima is strictly an adjective agreeing with Alcyone, but it

has the meaning of an adverb = most of all.

563. refertque : calls her again and again, repeats her name.

564. illius : the position of this word at the beginning of the line

shows that it is emphatic,
corpora: either for corpus, or else the plural denotes the
scattered portions of his body.

565. exanimis is nom. from exanimis, and not abl. from exanimns.
manibus : by the hands. Mdnihus = to or from the Manes, or

ghosts of the dead.
568. niger arcus aquarum : lit. = a black bow of waters, i.e., a black
sweeping wave ; it is called black probably from the reflection
of the dark clouds,
frangitur : used in middle voice.
57l. excedere caelo : to leave the sky in order to assist his sou.

texit : fioni tc'jo, I hide. It is possible to make it the present
of tcvo, I weave, l)ut this meaning is not probable.

573. Aeolis : the daughter of Aeolus, i.o., Alcyone. The termination

-IS C'lniHonly means child of; cf. line 274.

574. quas induat ille : indua* is the .subjunctive because qua$

stands for vt eas = that he may put (hem on ; iicrat is coordinate
with induat.
578. Junonis : because Juno presided over marriages,
ante: in preference to; cf. antcpono, antefero.

NOTES. 49

579. qui nallas erat : who was no husband of hers, but dead.

582. hoc : this latter, i.e., that he should prefer no other woman to
her. Hie generally refers to the nearer of two objects
(the latter), and ille to the one farther off (the former).

584. manus fimestas : unclean hands. Contact or connection with

a dead body, or having a dead body in the house, was con-
sidered to defile a person. So in this case, by a poetical
extension of the idea, the fact that the husband of Alcyone
was dead made her hands unclean, although she had not been
near to him.

585. Iris, daughter of Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra, was the

messenger of the gods, especially of Juno. One of her duties
was to cut the thread which detained the soul in the body of
the dying. She was the same as the rainbow.

586. vise : viso is properly a frequentative or intensive form of

video. It means (1) to look at attentively, (2) to go to see.
The parts are viso, -i, -urn, 3. Cf. defenso above.

587. mittat : this is the subj. governed perhaps by ut understood

after jube. As juheo, however, generally takes the infinitive,
and not ut with the subjunctive, mittat may be looked on as
the subjunctive used imperatively.

590. arcuato : a trisyllable, pronounced as if the it had been a v.

591. jussi: this adjective is transferred to regis, instead of being

applied to Iris. The " ordered " kino: is either " the king to
whom Iris was ordered to go," or else " the king who was
ordered to obey Juno's command." In the former case,
"ordered king" = king about whom Iris had received orders.

592. Cimmerios : Cimmerii, a mythical people on the extreme west

of the Ocean, lived in caves in a region of fogs. This
description of the Cave of Sleep is most powerful and vivid,
and is perhaps the finest passage in this book.
591. medius Phoebus : mid-day sun, i.e., Phoebus in the middle of
his course.

596. dubiaeque crepuscula lucis : the twilight of uncertain light is a

result of the dark clouds and mists.

597. ales cristati oris : the bird of crested head = the cock.

vigil, solliciti, sagacior : notice the climax in these adjectives.
Notice the genitive of quality — ales cristati oris. In this
construction the insertion of an adjective is always neces-
sary. Thus vir integritatis is not allowable for a Tnan of in-
tegrity ; you must say, vir suinmae integritatis.

599. sagacior anser : the goose is called wise in reference to the
legend about the Capitol having been saved from capture by
D

50 METAMOKPHOSES XI.

the Gauls (b.c. 390) through the geese of the Capitol giving
the alarm to the unsuspecting Romans.
601. COnvicia : from convicium, a loud noise, clamour, wrangling. It
is probably derived from or connected vrith vox, a voice.

603. Lethes : the Greek gen. sing, of Le</ie, the river of forgetfuluess.

It was a river in Hell, the waters of which were drunk by the
spirits of the dead in order to make them forget the past.

604. lapillis : lapillus is the dimin. of lapis, -idis, a stone.

605. fecunda : the poppy is called fertile or fruitful on account of

the number of seeds it contains.

610. medio is joined with in antro. Eheno is for ehenina sponda, on

an ebony frame.

611. unicolor : of one colour, i.e. pullus, as the couch was pullo

velamine tectus.

613. hunc circa : occasionally in Latin the preposition comes after

the case it governs.

614. messis silva and litus are each the subject of gerit.
616. simul = simul atque, as soon as.

virgo : Iris.
618. sacra domus : the house is called sacra because it is the home

of a god.
621. excussit sibi se : shook himself from himself, i.e., from sleep,
Sornnus being the subject of excussit.

623. Somne . . . Somne : notice the repetition, employed no doubt in

order to wake Somnus up.

624. In another passage Ovid makes a very similar statement about

Ambrosia : —

" Ea fessa diurnis
Membra ministeriis nutrit, reparatque labori."

625. mulces : distinguish the parts of this verb from those of muiyco,

mulsi, muhum, or mulctum, 2, to milk.

627. Herculea Trachine : Trachis is called Herculean because

Hercules towards the end of his life lived here, and it was
on Mount Octa, in the neighbourhood, that ho burnt him-
self to death,
jube ... adeant : see above, lino 587.

628. simulacra naufraga: the images of shipwrecked persons, ht.

= images apportaining to shipwreck.

629. postquam in Latin generally takes the perfect where in English

we use the pluperfect.
631. ut with the indie. = when or as. When it is translated tluit
(whether consequential or final) it takes the subjunctive ; cf.
line 471.

NOTES. 51

632. areas : this is the rainbow down which Iris had flown to the

kingdom of sleep. Per q^u>8 arcus is a short and idiomatic
form for per eos arcus per quos. The plural is probably used
on account of the many colours in the rainbow, each colour
being regarded as a bow.

633. pater : sc. Somnus, Father Sleep.

populo here = multitude, crowd. The word populus, -i (m.), is
derived from the rootof ^s^eo and ^jJchus, full; populus, -i {{.),
= a poplar-tree.

Morphea : Greek ace. sing, of Morpheus, the son and minister
of Somnus, and god of dreams. The name is derived from a
Greek word meaning to form (dreams) ; iJ.op(pri = shapes.

634. artificem simulatoremque is a hendiadys = a skilful imitator.

635. quisquam : quisquam and ullus are used instead of aliquis in

negative and comparative sentences, and interrogative

sentences which expect the answer No.
illi = patri = Father Sleep.
640. Icelon : ace. sing, oi Icelos, from a Greek word YKeXos, meaning

like.
Phobetora : Greek ace. sing, of Pholetor = the Frightener,

from (po^foi, I frighten,
vulgus ; this is one of the few neuter nouns of the 2nd decl.

which end in -us; see line 392.

642. Phantasos : this is from the same root as (pavracris = fancy.

in humum saxumque undamque trabemque : in a combination
of words like this in Latin, you must either put a connecting
word to every word after the first, or else omit it entirely.
Thus you could say, "in humum saxum undam trabem," but
not " in humum saxum undam trabemque," nor " in humum
saxum undamque trabemque."

643. Lit. = things which are without life, i.e., all lifeless bodies.

645. populos plebemque : a hendiadys. Populus = the people ;

populi = peoples, nations ; plebs = the common people,
populace.

646. eligit Morphea qui peragat : notice the final use of qui = ut —

" choose Morpheus in order that he may accomplish."

647. Thaumantidos : gen. of Thaumantis = Iris, who was daughter

of Thaumas ; see line 585.
edita : ace. neut. pi. of editus, from edo, = things given out =
orders ; cf. jussa. Distinguish the conjugation of edo, -didi,
-ditum, 3, to give out, and edo, edi, esum, 3, to eat.
651. intraqae morae breve tempus : lit. = and within a short time
of delay.

52 METAMORPHOSES XI.

652. Haemoniam : see line 409. JJrhem Haemoniam = Trachin.
654. sine vestibus ullis : the clothes of the Greeks were attached

so loosely that they would fall oflf when a man was swimming.

The appearance of Ceyx "sine vestibas" would tell Alcyone

that he was drowned.

661. nil opis : lit., nothing of help, i.e., no help ; opis is the partitive

genitive.

662. OCCidimus : distinguish occido from occido, -ctdi, -clsum, 3, to

kill. A verb which when uncompounded reduplicates in the
perfect, as a rule loses the reduplicated syllable when it is
compounded with a preposition ; thus cddo, cecidi, and caedo,
cecldi become respectively occidi and occldi in the perfect
when compounded with ob.

Cf. line 576 — " reditusque sibi promittit inanes."
me = me reditum.

falso is either an adv. = by mistake, or else the dat. sing, of
the pass, partic. o^fallo.

664. auster : the southern wind. In line 481 it is called Euros, or

east wind. Aquilo is the north wind, Kotiis the south-west
wind, Zephyrus the west wind. Boreas is also the north
wind.

665. Ora nostra = ace. after implerunt ; nostra = mea, being the

plural of majesty, many instances of which have occurred
above.

666. non is joined closely with amhiguus.

669. lugubria : sc, vestimenta = mourning garments.

670. Tartara: from Tartarus, -i (m.), pi. Tartara, -arum (n.) =

Tartarus, the infernal regions. Sub inania Tartara = ad Tar-
tareas umbras. Tartarus is called empty, because it is the
abode of shades which have no substance. Sub with ace. =
down into.

671. quam crederet : crederet is subj., as it is the apodosis of a con-

ditional sentence of which the protasis (e.3.,if she were asked
whose it was) is implied. Another explanation is that the
construction = " adicit (talem) vocem ut ilia crederet earn
esse coujugis," where quam = ut earn, and adicit must bo the
historic present in order that it may be followed by crederet,
an imperfect tense.

673. manus is either the nom. sing, or gon. sing., i.e., either " his

hand had the gesture of Ceyx," or "he had Ceyx' hand-
gesture."

674. movet governs lacrimas and lacertos, and must be translated by

a separate word in English for each object ; cf. colehat,
lino 148.

NOTES. 63

676. mane : imp. from maneo = to stay ; mane = the morning, or
early.

678. CoTisrrue — Circumspicit si (iHe), qui modo visns erat, sit

illic.

679. nam : there is an implied ellipse of" she was not alone," for...

680. postquam is seldom found with the present, invenit here is the

historic present.
682. ferit (ferio, ferire) is a defective verb ; the perf. and supine

perciissi. percussum are supplied icora percutio.
690. nee quo prius ore nitebat : short for " oris nitorem quo prius

nitebat;" cf. line 271 — " patriumque nitorem ore ferens

Ceyx."
nudum : of. line 654 — " sine vestibus ullis."
695. ventos sequerere : (seg!terere = segMerej"is, 2ndBing.imperf.subj.

of sequor) — follow the winds, i.e., go where the winds send you.

697. vellem duxisses : very many constructions can be used after

volo, viz. — (1) the infinitive, (2) ace. with inf., (3) ut with
subj., (4) subj. without uf, and (5) with noun object. We
have here an instance of the fourth construction.

vellem is a potential subj. = I should have liked, representing
the wish as contrary to fact ; while velim refers to a wish
which may be realised.

698. multum utile : muUum is an adv. = very ; cf. " O multum

miseri meus illiusque parentes."

699. non simul : without thee.

700. nunc : very often, as here, = as it is, as the case stands.

701. sine me : without myself, i.e., without my actual body. My

body is here, but my existence depended on and ended with

yours. There is another reading — sine te.
703. superesse : we might perhaps have expected ut supersim instead

of superesse.
706. tamen, as a rule, does not stand at the beginning of a sentence.

So igitur, quidem, autem, etc. ; and on the other hand, sed, at,

a.st, et, atque can always stand at the beginning of a sentence,
littera : the inscription on the tomb. Litterae in pi. = a letter,

epistle.

712. According to some readings, the object of dicit begins with

dumque moratur ihi, instead of with hie.

713. hoc litore : in this spot on the shore.

oscula : from osculum = a little month, pretty month ; a kiss.

718. quamvis aberat : quamvis nearly always is followed by the
Bubj., but in Lucretius and post-Ciceronian writers (rarely in
Livy) it is found with the indie. ; cf. line 761.

54 METAMORPHOSES XI.

719. omine: Alcyone regards as an omen of her husband's death the
fact that the body of a shipwrecked person is floating straight
in front of her.

722. quo magis ilia tuetur lioc magis : as before, hoc, the abl. of
excess or instrument, stands for the more usual eo.

724. jam quod cognoscere posset : now so near that she coald

recognise it.
729. manu : mortali manu, or liominum manibus.

733. summas undas : the top or surface of the waves. This use of

the adjective and noun in Latin where we use two nouns
coupled by of has been referred to above. Cf. urhs capta =
the taking of the city.

734. maesto : sc, sono = sad sound.

737. dilectos : behoved, from diligo. Dilectus, -us (m.), or delectus,

-us (m.), a choice, levy. DeTigo, -egi, -ectiun, 3, to select;
deUgo, 1, to bind fast ; delego, 1, to assign, delegate,
artus, -us (m.), a limb; artus, -a, -urn, narrow; artum, a
narrow place or passage.

738. senserit: w6-mw is understood before senserit. The perf. subj,

seiiserit and viaus sit seem contrary to the rule for sequence of
tenses in dependent sentences. We should either expect
duhitavit for dribitahat, or sensisset and visus esset for sertserit
and visus sit. The perfect is however found, especially in
Livy, of an event in past time simply regarded as such,
without reference to its being contemporaneous with, or prior
to the past event denoted by the main verb.

742. alite mutantur : lit., they are changed with a bird, i.e., the

substitution of a bird is the means of their change in each
case, i.e., they are each changed into a bird ; cf. line 404.
fatis obnoxius isdem amor is a concise expression for " amor
eorum, qui isdem fatis obnoxii erant."

obnoxius in Latin never means obnoxious in the sense of
hateful. It means (1) liable to punishment, (2) liable to or
guilty of a fault, (3) submissive, (I) responsible, (5) liable to.

743. nec conjugiale solutum foedus in alitibus : the legend is that

the male kingfisher was so constant to bis maie that if she
died, ho never took another. When the halcyon was sitting
the sea was supposed always to bo calm, hence the English
phrase "halcyon days."

744. coeunt : mate, pair off.

746. pendentibus nidis : the nests are said to hang on the wares,
because the waves often washed the nests from off the rooks,
and the nests then floated.

NOTES. 65

748. nepotibus : Alcyone was the daughter of Aeolns, so her

children and remoter issae are his grandchildren and
descendants.
aequor : here used in its strict sense of level surface of water.
It is derived from the same root as aequus, even, level.

749. freta lata volantes : the accusative denotes the extent of the

action of the verb, i.e., the ground over which the motion
passes. This use is a variety of the cognate accusative.

750. amores : the plural is used to represent the love on both sides.

751. si fors tulit: perchance, lit., if chance (so) brought (it about).
?62. mare carpentem (cf. carpere viam, to hurry over the way)

= hurrying over the sea.
substricta : lean, slender, thin ; sxibstringo = to draw up.
753. spatiosum in g^ittura : cf. " celsum in cornua." In = with

regard to, broad in respect of its throat ; guttura is plural

probably because the throat is considered as consisting of

many parts.
756. Ilus, fourth king of Troy, founded Ilion and received from

Jupiter the famous Palladium. He was the son of Tros, father

of Laomedon, and grandfather of Priam.

Assaracus : son of Tros, father of Capys, and grandfather of
Anchises. The genealogy given here is not a strict descent
from father to son. Ilus, Assaracus, and Ganymede were
brothers ; Laomedon was the son of Ilus, and Priam was the
son of Laomedon.

756. Ganymedes, a beautiful youth of Phrygia, son of Tros, was,

when hunting on Mount Ida, carried away by an eagle to
Jupiter and made cup-bearer to the gods.

757. Priamus : the last king of Troy, son of Laomedon, father of

Hector and Paris, and husband of Hecuba. Troy was besieged
for 10 years by the united Greeks on account of Paris' rape
of Helen. Priam perished with the fall of Troy ; his head was
cut off and his mutilated body was left among the heaps
of the slain.
Hectoris : Hector, son of Priam, and husband of Andromache,
was the bravest of the Trojans ; he was killed by Achilles in
revenge for the death of Patroclus.

758. iste = the diver which you see.

761. ilium : Hector.

Dsrmantis : Hecuba, the daughter of Dymas and mother of
Hector, was the honoured wife of Priam, as distinguished
from his other wives who were, in a sense, his mistresses. It
was therefore to be expected that the fame of Hector would
be greater than that of his half-brothers.

56 METAMORPHOSES XI.

761. gnamvis generally takes the snbj. ; here we have the indie. ;

cf. 1. 718.

762. Aesacon : Aesacus, a son of Priam, by Alexirhoe, loved

Hesperie and pursued her into the woods ; the nymph flung
herself into the sea and was made a bird, and Aesacus,
following her example, was made a cormorant or diver.
Ida : a lofty mountain of Troas.

763. Granico : Granicus, a river of Mysia, near which Alexander the

Great defeated Darius with great slaughter, B.C. 334.
bicorni : the river-gods were always represented as having
horns ; bicornis as applied to a river = with two mouths.

764. oderat : since the perfect odi is used as a present, oderat

corresponds to the imperfect,
nitida : cf. the use of nitor = splendour ; nitidiis often
means sleek.

765. inambitiosa : unpretending ; amhitiosus, honour - loving,

conceited, ostentatious, showy.

766. Iliacos : Trojan, from Ilium, the poetical name for Troy.

768. captatam : from capto, to seek eagerly after; a frequentative of

capio = to try to catch again and again.

769. Cebrenida: from Cebrenis, daughter of Cebren. Cebren was a

river in Troas; also a river-god, father of Genone and Hesperie.
772. longe probably goes with relicto — "caught after the lake has
been left far behind." It can possibly go with deprensa
= " caught at a distance from the lake it has left behind."

778. piget is an impersonal verb (cf. pudet, tacdet, poetiitet, and

miseret), and like them takes the accu.'^ative of the person
feeling, and the genitive of that which causes the feeling, e.g.,
Poenitet me iracundiae meae, I repent of my anger.

779. tanti: worth so much, the genitive of price. Tanti, qiianti,

pliiris, minoris are used after verbs of selling and buying.
Price when indefinite is regarded by the Latins as a quality,
and expressed by the genitive; when definite it is regarded as
an instrument, and expressed by the ablative ; thus, " At what
price was the rice bought ? For a small price." — Quanti oryza
empta est ? Parvo.

780. nos duo : the snake and I.

782. qui : the relative must often bo split up into a conjunction and
pronoun ; here qui = itaque ego.
mortis solacia: an expiatory offering for your death.
784. se dedit : threw himself, for sc dejecit. Dare, which asnall^
mt^ns to give, also means to put or place ; cf . circumdo = to
pnt round, surround.
Tethys: the Sea, properly a marine goddess, daughter of

XOTES. 57

Coelus and Terra ; she married Oceanus and bore the various
river-gods, the Oceanides, &c.

788. Obstarique : this is impersonal. Obsto governs the dative, and

therefore in the passive can only be used impersonally ; so
obstari = that an opposition is made. You cannot say obstor
for / am opposed, but obstatur mihi ; so you cannot say
anima obstatur, or anima7n obstari, but yon must say obstatur
animae, or obstari anitnae.

misera de sede : from its unhappy abode, i.e., from the body.

789. Utque : and when.

790. subvolat : he flies from under, i.e., flies up.

792. sine fine : used adverbially = constantly, ceaselessly.
795. nomen = mergus, from mergo, to plunge, dive.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

TOCABrLARY I.

1 ferarum fera, -ae, f., a wild animal.

2 vates vates, -is, c. {a prophet), a bard.

3 nurus nurus, -us, f. [a daughter-in-law), a married u-oman,

5 percussis pcrrutio, -cussi, -cussum, 3, to strike.

6 crine crinis, -is, m., the hair.

7 nostri nos, nostri, we.

8 ora OS, oris, n., the face.

9 praesuta praesuo, -i, -turn, 3, to sew over,

11 aere aer, -is, xn.., air.

concentu concentus, -us, m., harmony.

12 auais audeo, ausus sum, 2, to dare.

13 temeraria ... temerarius, -a, -um, rash.

crescunt cresco, crevi, cretum, 3 (to grow), to increase.

15 mollita moUio, -ivi, -itum, 4, to soften.

17 tympana tymjianum, -i, n., a drum.

18 obstrepiiere... obstrepo, -ui, -itum, 3, to resound against.

19 rubuerimt ... rubesco, -ui, 3, to grow red.

20 ctiamnum ... conj., even notv.

22 titulum titulus, -i, m. {title), glory.

25 utrinque adv., on both sides.

26 matutina matutinus, -a, -um, early.

27 canum canis, -is, c, a dog.

28 munera munus, -eris, n., a gift.

29 glebas gleba, -ae, f., a clod.

30 torquent torqueo, torsi, tortum, 2 {to twist), to hurl,

sUices silex, -ids, m. (sometimes f.), ajiint.

31 Bubigebant ... subigo, -egi, -actum, 3, to tuin up.

32 sudore sudor, -oris, m. {sweat), toil.

33 lacertosis lacertosus, -a, -um, muscular.

34 operis opus, -eris, n., W6ik.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

VOCABULARY II.

36 sarcula sarculum, -i, n., a hoe.

rastri lastium, -i, n., a rake.

ligones ligo, -onis, m., a mattock.

38 divellere divello, -velli or vulsi, -vulsum, 3, to pluck asunder.

41 perimunt perimo, -emi, -emptum, 3, to destroy.

42 intellectum . . . intelligo, -exi, -ectuni, 3, to itnderstatid.

47 tonsa tondoo, totondi, tonsum, 2, to shave.

48 carbasa carbasus, -i, f. (pi. carbasa, a..), fine -linen.

49 passes pando, pandi, passum ««f^ pansum, 3, to spread out.

populare popnlaris, -e, native.

55 potiuntur ... potior, -itus, 4 {to acquire), to reach.

59 rictus rictus, -us, m., the gaping mouth.

60 patnlos patulus, -a, -um, wide.

63 amplectitur. . . amplector, amplexus, 3, to embrace.

ulnis ubia, -ac, f. {elbow), arm.

70 radice radix, -icis, f., a root.

72 detrusit detrudo, -si, -sum, 3, to thrust doicn.

73 auceps auceps^ aucupis, c, a bird-catcher.

15 plangitur ... plango, planxi, planctum, 3, to strike.

76 cohaeserat ... cohacreo, -hacsi, -haesum, 2, to cleave together.

80 teretes teres, toretis, adj., rounded.

83 humeri humerus, -i, m., a shoulder.

84 fallare fallo, fefelli, falsum, 3, to deceive.

88 arcnis arena, -ae, f., sand.

90 titubantem . . . titubo, 1, to totter.

91 viuctum vincio, vinxi, vinctum, 4, to bind.

92 traxero traho, traxi, tractum, 3, to draw.

93 tradiderat .. trado, -didi, -ditum, 3, to hand over,
festum fcstum, -i, n., afcstival, holiday.

95 gcuiuliter ... adv., merrily.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

VOCABULARY III.

99 alumno alumnus, -i, m., a /osier-child.

100 optancU opto, 1, to wUh.

101 arbitrium ... arbitrium, -i, n., choice.
gaudens gaudeo, gavisus sum, 2, to rejoice.

102 contigero ... contingo, -tigi, -tactum, 3, to touch.

103 solvit solvo, solvi, solutum, 3 {to loose), to paij.

108 ilice ilex, ilicis, f., a holm-oak.

109 rirgam virga, -ae, f., a tu-ig.

110 toUit tollo, sustuli, sublatum, 3, to raise.

112 decorpsit ... dccerpo, -psi, -ptum, 3, to pluck from.

116 laverat lavo, lavi, lautum, lotum, lavatum, 1, rarely 3, to

wash .
120 exstructas ... exstruo, -uxi, -uctum, 3, to huilcl rip,
122 rigebant ... rigeo, rigere, 2, to be stiff.

127 novitate novitas, -atis, f., novelty.

dives dives, divitis, adj., rich.

128 voverat voveo, vovi, votum, 2, to vow.

129 famem fames, -is, f., hunger.

132 veniam venia, -ae, f., pardon.

133 misfrere ... misereor, misoritus sum, 2, to pity.
13-3 fatentem ... fateor, fassus sum, 2, to confess.

136 circumlitus.. circumlino, (-le\'i), -litum, 3 [to besmear round), to
clothe.

138 jugura jugum, -i, n., a ridge.

144 semine semen, -inis, n., seed.

146 perosus perodi, perosus, perodisse, to detest,

loO freta fretum, -i, n., a strait.

152 finitur finio, 4 {to finish), to limit.

1-54 arundine ... arundo, -inis, f., a reed.

cerata ceratus, -a, -um, waxed over.

100 contcmnere.. contemno, -tempsi, -temptum, 3, to despise.
159 glandes glans, glandis, f., an acorn.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

VOCABULARY lY.

160 pecoris pecus, -oris, n., afioch.

IGl calamis calamus, -i, in., a reed.

1G5 flavum flavus, -a, -\im, i/ellow.

ii66 verrit verro, verri, versum, 3, to sweep,

murice murex, -\cia, m., purple.

167 fidem fides, -is, i., a lyre.

169 artificis artifex, -icis, c, an artist.

stamina stamen, -inis, n. (a thread), a string,

170 pollice pollex, -icis, m., a thumb.

171 cannas canna, -ae, f., a reed.

175 stolidas stolidus, -a, -um, stupid.

176 villis villus, -i, m., shaggy hair.

albentibus... albeo, -ere, to be ivhite.

181 tempora tempora, -um (the sing, tempus is rare), n., the

temples.

182 solitus soleo, -itus sum, 2, to be accustomed.

189 scrobibus ... scrobis, -is, m. (loss freq. f.), a ditch.

190 tremulis ... trcunilus, -a, -um, trembling.

191 maturuit ... maturcsco, maturui, 3, to grow ripe.

193 coarguit coarguo, -ui, 3 [to refute), to betray.

198 vetus vetus, adj., old.

202 tridentigero. tridcntiger, -eri, m., the trident-bearer,

204 pactus paciscor, pactus, 3, to bargain.

205 infitiatur ... infitior, 1, to deny.

206 cumtilum ... cumulus, -i, m., heap.

212 poscitur posco, poposci, poscitum, 3, to ash.

214 mercede merccs, -edis, f., reward.

218 superbit ... supcrbio, 4, to be proud.

219 soceri soccr, -eri, m., a father-in-law,

siquidem ... adv., since indeed.

nepoti nepot), -otis, va.., a grandson.

METAMORPIIOSt:S XI.

VOCABULARY V.

267 jtigulati jugulo, 1, to cut the throat.

268 sanguine sanguis, -inis, m., blood.

sontem sons, sontis, adj., guilty.

271 satus scro, sevi, satum, 3, to sow; pass., to he horn.

273 ademptum adimo, -emi, -emptum, 3, to takeaway.

275 comitantibus ... coniitor, 1, to accompany.

278 supplice supplex, -icis, adj., suppliant.

281 mentitur mentior, -t, to speak falsely ahout,

283 commoda commodum, -i, n., a favour.

285 momenta momentum, -i, n., a motive.

286 perde perdo, -didi, -ditum, 3, to lose.

preces (prex), (precis), f., a prayer,

291 forsitan adv., perhaps.

volucrem rolucris, c, a bird.

292 pennas penna, -ae, f., a icing.

295 genitore genitor, -oris, m., father.

creatus creo, 1 {to create), to bear,

300 columbas columba, -ae, f., a dove.

301 dotatissima dotatus, -a, -um, richly endowed.

302 procos procus, -i, m., a suitor.

nubilis nubiiis, -e, marriageable.

318 pppensse pario, peperi, partum, 3, to bear.

320 obest obsum, -fui, -esse, to injure.

324 sagittam sagitta, -ae, f., an arrow.

330 cautes cautes, -is, f., a rough -pointed rock.

delamcntatur ... delamentor, 1, to bewail.
332 ardentem ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2, to burn.

quater ad v. , fuur times.

rogos rogus, -i, m., a funeral pyre.

335 crabronum crabro, -onis, m., a hornet.

METAMORPHOSES XL

YOCABTJLAEY YI.

341 suHtis subitus, -a, -um, sudden.

342 adunca aduncus, -a, -um, curved.

hamos liamus, -i, m. (a hook), talons.

344 accipiter accipitei", -tris, m., a liaick.

346 consorte consors, -ortis, m., a brother.

347 anhelo anhelus, -a, -um, gasping.

festinus festinus, -a, -um, speed;/.

352 refert refero, rettnli, relatum, referre, to tell.

358 nant no, 1, to swim.

359 subsunt subsum (no perf.), subesse, to be near.

360 trabibus trabs, trabis, f., a beam.

vetusto vetustus, -a, -um, old.

362 siccat sicco, 1, to dry.

363 palus palus, -udis, f., a marsh.

salictis salictum, -i, n., a plantation of willowt,

366 bclua belua, -ae, f., a monster.

juncisque juncus, -i, m., a rush.

370 jejunia jejunium, -i, n., fasting.

372 stcmitque stemo, stravi, stratum, 3, to scatter,

373 saucia saueius, -a, -um, wounded.

375 demugitae demugitus, -a, -um, filed tcith bellowing.

378 capessamus capesso, -ivi, -itum, 3, to seize eagerly.

385 prosilit prosilio, -silui (-sultum), 4, to leap forward.

nondum adv., not yet.

392 pclagi pelagus, -i, n., the sea.

393 carinis carina, -ae, f., a ressel.

397 tendons tondo, tetendi, tensum & tentum, 3, to stretch.

400 flectitur flecto, flcxi, Hexum, 3, to bend.

402 i»' >tat pcrsto, -stiti, -statum, 1, to continue,

403 lacerae laccr, -era, -cimn, mangled.

METAMORPHOSES XL

VOCABULAEY YH.

408 vagus vagTis, -a, -um, wanderinff.

412 oblenimina oblenimen, -inis, n., consolation.

41G protinus a.dv.,fort/nci(fi.

friLTUs frigus, -oris, n., cold.

417 buxoque buxura, -i, n., ike icood of the lox-tree.

419 rigavit rigo, 1, to moisten.

420 singultu singultus, -us, m., a sob.

querellas querella, -ae, f., a complaint,

426 mctuam metuo, -ui, -utum, 3, to fear.

carebunt careo, -ui, -itum, 2, to be tcitliout.

429 legi lego, legi, lectum, 3, to read.

430 fallax fallax, -acis, adj., deceptive.

431 carcere career, -ens, m., a prison,

433 semcl adv., once for all.

431 vetitum veto, vetui, vetitum, 1, to forbid.

436 rutilos rutilns, -a, -um, bright.

438 reor reor, ratus, 2, to think.

442 patiar patior, passus sum, pati, to suffer.

4-17 pericli periclum or periculum, -i, n., «/««^«"r.

449 idcirco adv., on that account.

probat probo, 1, to approve.

45.5 tingui tingo or tinguo, tinxi, tinctum, 3, to moisten.

456 aptari apto, 1, tojit.

annamends armamcnta, -orum, n., equipments,

458 obortas oborior, -ortus, 4, to spring up,

461 ast conj., but.

463 scindunt scindo, Fcidi, scissum, 3, to cut.

465 maritum maritus, -i, m.. a husband.

470 malo malus, -i, m., a mast.

471 lectum it-Ltus, -i, m., a couch.

METAMORPHOSES XL

VOCABULARY VIII.

474 portibus portus, -us, m., a harbour.

rudentes rudens, -entis, m. {rarely f.), halyard.

475 lateri latus, -eris, n., aside.

479 utraque uterque, utraque, utrumque, both.

481 valentius comp. neut. of valens, adj. = pouerful.

482 rector rector, -oris, m., helmsman.

483 antennis antenna, -ae, f., a sail-i/ard.

484 impediunt impedio, 4, to hinder.

procellae procella, -ae, f., a storm.

485 sinit sino, sivi, sTtum, 3, to allow.

486 sponte adv., of {ove\i) ou-n accord,

properant propero, 1, to hasten.

487 munire munio, 4 {to fortify), to secure.

490 hiems hiems, hiemis, f. {winter), storm,

494 moles moles, -is, f., amass.

496 tonitribus tonitrus, -us, m., thunder.

498 aspergine aspergo, -\n\s,i., spray.

501 interdum adv., sometimes.

506 gurgite gurges, -itis, m., an abyss.

609 aries aries, -ietis, m., a battering ram,

613 ratis ratis, -is, f., a ship.

614 labant labo, 1, to totter.

cunei cuneus, -i, m. {wedge), plug.

615 rima rima, -ae, f., a chink.

622 micantia mico, -ui, 1, to gleam.

628 occupat occupo, 1, to seize.

529 noviens adv., nine times.

630 insurgens insurgo, ins\irrexi, insurrcctum, 3, to rise upon,

634 setius comii, oi adv. sccua, otherwise,

635 fodientibus fodio, fodi, fossum, 3, to dig.

METAMORPHOSES XT.

VOCABULAEY IX.

537 totidem adv., just so mant/.

538 inrumpere inrumpo, -rupi, -ruptum, 3, to break in upon.

539 beatos beatus, -a, -um, ad]., happy.

642 subeunt subeo, -ii, -itum, 4, to occur {to the mind).

643 pignoribas pignus, -oris, n., a pledge.

648 vertigine vertigo, -inis, f., uhirling round.

549 fervet ferveo, ferbui, 2 [to boil), to foam.

551 tutbinis turbo, -inis, m., whirlwitid.

552 regimen regimen, -inis, n., a rudder.

556 pondere pondus, -eris, n., a tceiyht.

558 functa fungor, functus sum, 3, to perform.

560 trunca truncus, -a, -um, lopped off.

561 naWgii navigium, -ii, n., a boat.

562 frustra adv., »« vain.

566 hiscere hisco, hiscere, to gape.

577 tura tus, tuns, n., incense.

580 sospes sospec, sospitis, adj., safe.

584 arceat arceo, -cui, -ctum, 2, to ward off,

586 soporiferam ... soporifer, -era, -erum, drowsy.

592 spelunca spelunca, -ae, f., a cavern.

593 ignavi ignavus, -a, -um, lazy.

penetralia penetrale, -is, n. (an inner room), sanctuary.

595 caligine caligo, -inis, f., darkness.

596 exhalantur exhalo, 1, to breathe forth.

crepuscula crepusculum, -i, n., tuilight,

597 vigil vigil, -ilis, adj., wakeful.

ales ales, -itis, c, a bird.

cristati cristatus, -a, -um, crested.

599 soUiciti sollicitus, -a, -um, watchful.

anser anser, -is, f., a ^oo««.

METAMOBPHOSES XL

VOCABULARY X.

600 flamine flamcn, -iiiis, n., a breeze.

602 qiiies quics, -etis, f., stillness.

604 crepitantibus ... crepito, 1, to rustle.

608 cardine cardo, -m\s,m., a hin(/e.

609 limine limen, -inis, n., threshold.

610 ebeno ebenus, -i, f. {the ebon-tree), ehomj

611 plumeus plumous, -a, -iim, made of feathers.

613 passim adv., in all directions.

614 messis messis, -is, f., a harvest.

617 reluxit reliiceo, -luxi, 2, to shine again.

620 mento mentum, -i, n., a chin.

621 cubito cubitiim, -i, n., an elboiv.

622 scitatnr scitor, 1, to ask.

625 ministeriis ministcrium, -i, n. [a service), toil,

mulces mulceo, -si, -sum, to soothe.

628 simulacra simulacrum, -i, n., an imnge.

629 percgit perago, -egi, -actum, 3, to accomplish.

631 labi labor, lapsus sum, 3, to glide.

63-5 sollertius comp. of sollerter, adv. = skilfully.

636 incessus incossus, -us, m., style of walk.

637 consuetissima... consuotus, -a, -um, usual.

645 pererrant pererro, 1, to tvnuder through.

646 praeterit prartereo, -ii, -itum, 4, to pass over.

649 recondidit recondo, -didi, -ditum, 3, to hide.

650 alls ala, -ac, f., a tcing.

654 luridus luiidus, -a, -um, i/haxtly.

656 barba barba, -ac, f., a biard.

658 agnoscis agnosco, -novi, -nitum, 3, to recognise,

659 nece nex, nccis, f., death.

662 occidimus occido, -idi, -asum, 3, to die.

ZIETAMORPHOSES XI.

YOCABULAr.Y XI.

663 niibihis nnhilus, -a, -um, cloud-bringing.

669 lugubria lugvibris, -e, motnitfuL

670 indeploratum . . . indeploratus, -a, -um, unwept.

671 adicit adjicio, -jeci, -jectum, 3, to add.

673 gestumque gestus, -us, xa., gesture.

674 ingemit ipgemo, -ui, -itum, 3, to groan,

650 usquam adv., angufiere.

651 lani.'itque lanio, 1, to tear asunder.

683 altriei altrix, -ids, i., nurse.

luctus luctiis, -us, m., grief.

686 interiit intcreo, -ii, -itum, 4, to die.

688 maiiifusta niMnifestus, -a, -um, certain.

nittbat niteo, 2, to shine.

693 siqua siquis, siqua, siquid, indef. pron., if anyone.

699 discreta discemo, -c^e^^, -cretum, 3, to separate.

700 jactor jacto, 1, to toss about.

702 nitar nitor, nixus sum, 3, to strive.

703 suj.eresse supersum, -f ui, -esse, /o sK>-f»re.

705 saltem &dv., at least.

706 junget jimgo, -xi, -etum, 3, to join.

707 tanuam tango, tetigi, tactHm, 3, to touch.

708 intervcnit intervenio, -veni, -ventum, 4, to interrupt.

712 retinacula retinaeula, -orum, n., a cable.

713 oscula osculum, -i, n. (a little mouth), a kiss.

715 tnetur tueor, tuitus or tutus sum, 2, to behold.

717 paulum adv., a little.

adpulit adpello, -puli, -pulsum, 3, to drive totcardt.

718 liquebat liqueo, -qui or -cui, 2 {to be liquid), to be clear.

720 tamquam adv., as if.

723 propinquae propinquus, -a, -um, near.

METAMORPHOSES XI.

VOCABULARY XII.

728 adjacet adjaceo, -ui, 2, to lie near.

730 praedelassat ... praedelapso, 1, to weary out beforehand.

733 stringebat stringo, strinxi, strictum, 3, to skim.

735 rostro rostrum, -i, n., a beak.

737 dilectos diligo, -lexi, -lectum, 3, to love.

738 nequiquam adv., in vain.

742 obnoxius obnoxius, -a, -um, liable to.

744 foedus foedus, -eris, n., an alliance.

745 hiberno hibomus, -a, -um, belo)iging to tvinter.

746 nidis nidus, -i, m., a nest.

749 junctim adv., joined together.

753 guttura guttur, -uris, n., throat.

mergum mergus, -i, m.., a diver, a kind of water/owl.

758 sortitus sortior, 4, to obtain by lot.

761 enixa enitor, -ixus, 3, to give birth to.

762 furtim adv., secretlg.

763 bicorni bicornia, -e [with ttvo horns), dotMe branching.

765 inambitiosa ... inanibitiosus, -a, -um, unassuming.

766 coetus coetus, -us, m., an assembly.

773 anas an.'is, -atis, f., a duck.

fluvialis fluvialis, -e, b( longing to a river.

775 coluber coluber, -bri, m., a snake.

176 virus virus, -i, n., />ojsom.

778 piget pii.'^eo, -ui and -itum eat, 2, to be sori'y.

783 subederat subodo, -edi, -esum, 3, to eat away below.

787 invitum invitus, -a, -um, unwilling.

788 obstari obsto, -.stiti, -statum, 1, to stand in the way of.

790 iterum adv., a second time.

793 maciem macies, -ci, f., thinness.

intornodia inttrnodium, -ii, n., the space between two joints.

NOTE.— Students of University Correspondence College will
receive Solutions to all the Test-papers, but Answers to Nos. 1 — 5
are NOT to be sent in to the Tutor.

METAMORPHOSES XL— TEST PAPERS.

TEST PAPER 1. (II. 1—126).

1. Translate: — (a) 11. 37 — 41. Quae postquam ... perimunt.

(6) 11. 102—109, Die male ... facta est.

2. Par.^e the following words : — nostH (contemptor) ; presso vomere ;
ilehdc nexcio quid qucritur ; nfque siium laqueis crus uhi coinmisit
volucris ; pectus quoque i-oborafiunt.

3. (a) Decline the foUowinf» words : — mtmeris, contact u, Hesperidas.
{b) Give the principal parts of perciissis, crescunt^ torquent, plangi-

tur, amplectitur, contigero, gaudens.

TEST PAPER 2. (11. 127—345).

1. Translate: — (a) 11. 157 — 163, Monte suo senior... carmine delenit.

(6) 11.324 — 331, Nee mora ... adempiam.

2. What is the meaning of? —

(a) Sed solitus longos ferro resecare capillos
Viderat hoc famulus.

(b) Vnltum sua silva secuta est.

(d) Write down the Latin for — " To this disposition of ours thou
addest powerful motives, thy renowned name and thy grandfather
Jupiter."

3. (a) Give the genders of the following words: — ora, carmine,
harundine, pecoris, lauro, villis, huinum, aera^ commoda, sanguine,
polHce.fi'eta, glandes.

(b) Give the principal parts ofpero.<!iis,fin ifwr, contemners, maturuit,
poscitur, perde, mentitur, ademptutn, ardentem, peperisse, fatentem,
miserere.

TEST PAPER 3. (II. 346—491).

1. Translate: — («) 11. 363 — 368, Juncta palus ... flamma.

(6) II. 459 — 4(56, Tristique miserrima ... notas.

2. (a) What is the meaning of purgamina caedis ; demugitae
paludes ; memor admissi ; nimiumque es certus eundi ; insequitur
fugirntem lumine pinum ; quae dum sine lege geruntur ?

(b) Parse — huic, obf^essa, quam, paludem, strepitus, loca, juncis,
oblitus, and lumina in Question 1 (a).

3. Give the full declension oi Peleus, Alcyone, Aeolis, Aeacides, Ceyx,
tnferias, famem, bourn, opem.

TEST PAPER 4. (H. 492—632).

1. Translate: — (n) 11. 516 — 523, Ecce cadunt ... nndae.
(b) 11. 577 — 582, Omnibus ... solum.

METAMORPHOSES XL— TEST PAPERS.

2. (a) Give the meanincjs of simulacraque naufraga finfjant ; fecitnda
pa/pavera; canibusve sagacior anser; excusitit tandem sibi se ; induitur
velamina ; arcuato caelum curvamine signans ; socerumque patremque
invocat ; inferdiim, setius, totidem, vigil, passim.

(h) Give the Latin for — " To another occurs the thought of brother
and parent." " Her he remember.-?, her name he repeats ; he wishes
that the wave may drive his body before her eyes."

3. Give the principal parts of the followino; verbs : — I'eor, micant,
surgo, fodientihus , subeo, functa, fervet, fervit, perago.

TEST PAPER 5. (11. 633—795).

1. Translate: — (a) 11. 650-656, Ille volat ... capillis.

(b) 11. 749 — 754, Hos aliquis ... prop:enies.

2. (a) Parse — alis, fempus, exnnind.fiuere, gravis in Question 1 (a);
and frcta, scrvatos amoves, hie, subsfricta in Question 1 (b).

(b) What is the meanin<r of Praestatque nepotibiis aequor ; dilectos
arttis amplexa recentib'is alis ; quaerit vctigia siqva supersint; siirge,
age, da lacrimas lugubriaque indue; occidit una cum Ceyce suo ; /also
tibi me promittere noli; tamquam, quisque, quilibet, quivis, quisquam,
quidam, quidem, saltern, nequiquam ?

3. (o) Give the positive, comparative, and superlative of sollertius,
consuetissima, 'molli, similis, veros, reccntibus, propinquus, prope.

(b) Give the principal parts of ingemit, adicit, interiit, nitar,
tangam, subederat, adjacet.

Students of University Correspondence College are to send in
to their Tutor answers to TWO only of the sections of the 2nd
and 3rd questions in each test-paper.

TEST PAPER 10. (11. 1-126).

1. Translate : — (a) 11. 54 — 60, Jamqne mare ... hiatus.

(b) 11. 121 — 126, Turn voro ... videres.

2. Translate the following passages, and write notes on the words
in italics : —

(a) Ac primum attonitas etiamnum voce canoiitis
Iiinnmer.ns volncros, angncsqne. agnienque ferarum,
Miienades Orphei titulum rapuore triumphi.

(b) obstrusaque carbasa pullo
Naides ct Dryado?, patfssnsquc habuero capillos.

S. (a) Who were the Cicoues, Naides, Dryadcs, Edonides, and

ilETAMORPIIOSES XI.— TEST PAPERS.

Hespericlae ? Gi^e a short account of Orphens, Eiirydice, Silenns,
Berecyntius heros, nnd Danae ; and where and what were Hebrus,
Lesbos. Pactolus. and Tm<ilus ?

(h) Write ijrammatical notps on — Tectae lymphata /crinLs pectora,
velleribus ; obstrcpuere sono citharae, and et non fallare putando.

TEST PAPER 11. (11. 127—345).

1. Translate: — (k) 11. IS'3 — 180, Qui cnm nee ... opertig.

(6) 11. 324 — 329, Nee mora ... misi.

2. Translate the following passages, and write notes on the itali-
cised words : —

(a) Instrictamqae ^dem gemmis et dentihus India
Sustinet a laeva.

(b) Pana jubet Tmolus citharae submittere cannas.

(c) Aedificat muros, pactus pro inoenihus aurnm.
Stabat opns : pretium rex inficiatur, et addit,
Perfdiae cumitlutn, falsis peijuria verbis.

3. (a) Give all the names you know of Bacchus, and the meaning
of each.

(h) What and where were Sardis, Sicrenm, Hypaepa, Phrygia,
Trachinia tellus ? AYho were Latoius, Delias, Tonans, Panomphaeus?
and give the oripin of the names in each case.

(c) Scan — Pe^cuxque comitesque rogant : quibus ille profatur, — and
point oat and illustrate any peculiarity in the scansion.

TEST PAPER 12. (11. 346-491).

1. Translate :— 11. 425 — 438, At, puto ... timendos.

2. Translate the following passages, and give short notes on the
words in italics : —

(a) nondum totos ornata capillos,
Disicit hos ipsos.

(b) erat ardua turris
Arce.loci summa, fessis lux prata carinis.

(d) Ante reversurum quain Inna ti.< impleat orbem.
(e) Obvertit lateri pondentes navita remos,

Cornuaque in sunima locat arbore, totaqne malo
Carbasa dedncit, venientesqne accipit auras.

3. (a) Who were Trachinius, Ncreus, Psamathe, Peleus, rex
Oetaeus, Acastus, Phorbas, Hippotades, Alcyone ?

(b) Give the principal parts of the following verbs : — sternit, pro-
silit, jlectitur, perataf, tinjui, scindiint, legi. vetitum, patiar.

METAMORPHOSES XI.— TEST PAPERS.

TEST PAPER 13. (11. 492-632).

1. Translate: — (a) 11. 551 — 557, Frangitur innursu ... ratem.

(b) 11. 610 — 615, At medio ... harenas.

2. Translate the following passages, and write short notes on the
words in italics : —

(a) Lucifer obscurus nee quern cognoscere posses
Ilia nocte fuit. .

(b) Extinctique jwbc Ceycis imagine mittat
Sorania.

(d) Dant quoque jam saltus intra cava texta carinae
Fluctus.

3. (a) Give the genders and genitives of the following words : —
ebenus, pelagus, comes, messis, litus, perus, convicia, socer, tonitrihus,
aspergine, crepuscida, cubito, cardine, sostjes.

(6) What do you mean by, and give an instance of. Partitive
Genitive, Accusative of Respect, Middle Voice, Hendiadys, Historic
Present, and Ablative Absolute ?

(c) Distinguish — muli and mali, manilus and maniius, menfo and
menti, ratts and rails, rlri and vires, pant us and pojites, latus and Idtus,
arma and armi, feri a,udferri, soluyn and solum.

TEST PAPER 14. (11. 633—795).

1. Translate: — 11. 710 — 728, Mane erat ... minus est mentis.

2. Translate the following passages, and write short notes on the
words in italics : —

(a) ille in humum saxumijTje undamqMe trabemgue
Quaeque vacant anima fallaciter omnia transit.

(b) '^ec mora discreta fuisset.

Si non urna, fa»ien junget nos littera.

(d) Aspicit Hcsperien pafria Cebrenida ripa.

(e) Piget, piget esse secutum.

3. (a) Write short notes on — Ohstari animae ; ambo alite mntan-
tur ; nomcn nomine tan gam ; verboque infoii'enit omui plangor;
percutiensque levem modo natis aera pennis; fatia obnoxiiis isdem
mansit amor.

(b) Give the principal parts of enira, tango, tego, tcxo, tendo,
adpulif, ampleta, spcctarat, praedcla,t.iat, dilectos, driectos, jubeat.

(rf) Who or wlint were — Thaumnntis, Morpheus, Ilus, Granicus,
Dyinas, Tethys, Ganyuiedos, Aesacus ?

lluiw Corr. Coll. ^Tutorial device.

OYID'S METAMORPHOSES XL

A TRAXSLATIOX.

BY A TUTOR OF
UXR^ERSITY COERESPOXDEXCE COLLEGE,

FIESI CLASS CLASSICAL HOSOCES MAX AT B.A. AND EXHIBIIIOXEB AT
IXTER. AETS,

FIRST IN HO^'OLTtS AT MATRICULATION.

London: "\V. B. CLIVE & CO.,

UNIV. CUKR. COLL. PRESS WAREHOUSE,

15 Booksellers Row, Stua>-d, "W.C.

OVID'S 3IETA3IOEPHOSES.

BOOK XI.
J TRAXSLATIOX.

While with such song as this the Thracian bard draws
after him the woods and the hearts of wild beasts and the
rocks which follow him, lo ! the Ciconian matrons, their
maddened breasts covered with animal skins, behold from
the top of the mound Orpheus accompanying his songs to
the stricken strings. And one of these matrons, her hair
tossing through the light breezes, says, " Lo ! behold here is
he who despises us," and she cast her spear at the face of
the tuneful bard of Apollo ; but the spear, being sewn over
with leaves, made a mark without a wound. The weapon
of another is a stone, which, having been hurled, in the
very air was conquered by the harmony of voice and lyre,
and lay before his feet as if a suppliant for deeds so
frenzied. But, indeed, this rash fighting increases, and
moderation has departed, and mad Erinnys reigns. And
all their weapons would have been soothed by his song;
but the mighty noise, and the Berecyntian flute with its
unbroken horn, and the drums, and the clapping of hands,
and the Bacchic shouts resounded against the music of the
harp. Then at length the rocks grew red with the blood
of the bard no longer hoard. But first the Micnads seized
countless birds still stupefied at the voice of the singer,
and snakes, and a herd of wild animals, the glory of the
triumph of Orpheus ; then they turn against Orpheus with
bloody right hands, and they join together, like birds
whenever they meet tiie bird of night wandering in the
light of day. And just as when che stag about to die in

1—2

2 OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XI.

the morrow's sand of the amphitheatre is the prey of dogs,
so the}' attack the bard again, and cast at him their green-
leaved thyrsi, not made for this purpose. Some hurl clods
of earth, others branches plucked from a tree ; some hurl
flint-stones. And, lest weapons should fail their madness,
some oxen by chance were turning up the earth with down-
pressed ploughshare ; and, not far hence, preparing their
reward by abundance of toil, some brawny countrymen
were digging up the hard ground. They flee at the sight
of the crowd of Bacchants, and leave the tools of iheir
work : hoes and heavy rakes and long spades lie scattered
through the empty fields.

37. And after they have, like wild beasts, snatched these
things and plucked asunder the threatening horned oxen,
they run back to the destruction of the bard ; and while he
is stretching forth his hands, and speaking in vain then for
the first time, and eff'ecting nothing l>y his words, the im-
pious wretches kill him ; and through that famed mouth
(alas ! Jupiter), which rocks had heard and the feelings of
wild animals had understood, his soul departed, breathed
forth into the winds. For thee, Orpheus, for thee wept the
sorrowing birds, the throng of wild animals, the unbending
flints, and the woods which often followed thy songs ; for
thee mourned the trees, having shed their leaves and being
shorn of their foliage. They say that rivers, too, were swollen
with their own tears. The Xaiads and Dryads had tlieir
garments l)lack in mourning, and kept their hair dishevelled.
His limbs lie scattered in diflerent places. Thou, 0 Hebrus,
receivest his head and lyre ; and (marvellous to relate)
while it glides down in mid-stream, the lyre emits some
mournful plainti\e note, and the lifeless tongue some
mournful murmur : the banks give a mournful answering
echo. And no>v, carried out to sea, they (the head and
lyre) leave their native river, and take possession of the
shore of Methymnivan Lesbos. Here a fierce serpent
attacks his face landed on a foreign shore, and his locks
bespattered witli drijtping dew. At length Phojbus is at
hand, and wards oif the serpent as it prepares to bite, and
congeals the open gaping jaws of the snake into stone, and
liaidens its mouth expanded as i% was. His shade goes

OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XL 3

beneath the earth, and he recognises again all the places he
had seen before ; and searching through the fields of the
good he finds Eurydice, and embraces her with eager arms.
Here the}' walk, now both together with even step, now she
precedes and he follows, now he leads the way in front, and
now in safety Orpheus looks back upon his Eurydice.

67. LyKus, however, does not allow this crime to take
place with impunity ; and, grieving at the loss of the bard
of his rites, forthwith he bound with a twisted root all the
Edonian matrons who saw the impious deed committed.
For, according as each one had pursued Orpheus, he dragged
out the toes of her feet, and thrust them by their points
into the solid earth. And as a bird, when it has caught its
leg in a snare concealed by the cunning fowler, and has
])erceived that it is trapped, flaps its wings, and by its
fluttering motion tightens its bonds, thus, as each of these
Bacchants stuck fast, fixed to the ground, terror-stricken,
in vain she makes repeated efforts to flee; the pliant root
liolds her and restrains her efforts to leap away. And while
she searches where are her toes, feet, and nails, she sees
wood coming up on to her rounded ankles ; she tried to
beat her thigh with her grieving right hand, but struck the
tree. Her breast, too, turns into a tree, and also her
shoulders ; and you would think her outstretched arms were
real branches, and you would not be mistaken in so thinking.

8.5. Nor is this enough for Bacchus : he deserts, too, the
very fields, and with a better band he makes for the vine-
yards of his own Timolus, and for Pactolus, although at
that time it was not golden, nor coveted for its precious
sands. His accustomed rout, the Satyrs and female Bac-
chants, crowd round him ; but Silenus is absent. The
rustic Phrygians have seized him, tottering with age and
wine, and dragged him bound with garlands to King Midas,
to whom, together with Cecropian Eumolpus, Thracian
Ori)heus had handed over his orgies. And as soon as he
recognised his comrade and the companion o*" his rites, on
the arrival of his guest, he kept a merry feast for twice
five days and as many successive nights following in order
on the days. And now the eleventh dawn had driven
away the high host of stars, when the king comes in joy to

i OVIDS METAMORPHOSES, XI.

the Lydian fields and restores Silenus to his young foster-
child. The god, rejoicing in the recovery of his foster-
father, gave him the choice (a pleasing but useless favour)
of a wish for a gift. He, about to make not a good use of
the gift, says, "Let everything I touch with my body be
turned into gold." Liber assents to the wish, and grants
the gift that will injure the possessor ; but he grieved at
his not having sought for something better, Tlie Bere-
cyntian hero goes away joyfully, and rejoices in his mis-
fortune, and tests the truth of the promise by touching
each thing separately. And, scarcely trusting himself, he
pulled down from a small holm-oak a twig gieen with
foliage ; the twig became golden. He lifts a rock from the
ground ; the rock, too, took the pale tint of gold. He
touched, too, a clod of earth ; by his powerful touch the
clod became a mass of gold. He plucked off some parched
ears of corn ; the crop was golden. He holds an apple
taken from a tree ; you would think the Hesperidse had
given it. If he has put his fingers to the lofty pillars, the
pillars seem to shine. Also, when he had washed his
hands in clear water, the water flowing thruugh his hands
could deceive Danae. He himself can scarcely coutain his
hopes in his mind as he imagines all things to be gohlen.
While he is rejoicing, his servants have laid his table piled
up with dainties, and not without parched corn. Then,
indeed, if he had touched the rewards of Ceres with his
right hand, the gifts of Ceres became stiff and hard ; or, if
he was preparing to bite the dainties with greedy tooth,
the dainties he tried to crush were yeJlow plates of metal.
He had mixed the wine of Bacchus, the author of this gift,
with pure water ; you might see the liquid-gold running
through his jaws.

127, Astounded at his extraordinary misfortune, rich
and wretched at the same time, he desires to escape from
his wealth, and hates the object of his recent prayer^.
No abundance relieves his Inniger, dry thirst parciies
his throat, and he is deservedly tortured by the hated
gold, liaising his liands and shining arms aloft, he says.
"Pardon nie, O father Lenanis, I have sinned; nay, pity
me, I pray, and icbcue me from my woo which looked

OVIDS METAMORPHOSES, XI. 5

like happiness." Kindl}' is the divine nature of the gods.
Bacchus restored him to his former condition now that he
confessed his sin, and annulled the favour given in faithful
discharge of his promise. "To prevent thyself from re-
maining clad in the gold of thy unhappy desire, go," he
says, " to the stream near great Sardis, and take thy way
up stream against the gliding waters as they flow through
the heights of Phrygia, until thou comest to the source of
the river, and put thy head beneath the foaming stream
where it issues in fullest force, and purge thy body, and
at the same time thy crime." The king goes beneath the
water as ordered. The subtle quality of the gold dyed the
river, and Avent from the human body into the stream.
Moreover, the fields, having received the seed of this now
ancient vein, are already now hard witli a pale shining
colour from their gold-drenched soil.

146. He, hating wealth, frequented the woodland country,
and worshipped Pan, who ever dwells in mountain lairs;
but the dulness of his nature remained, and the instincts of
his foolish mind were fated again as before to injure their
owner. For, overlooking the channels far and wide, lofty
Tmolus stands stiff and steep in its high ascent ; by its hill
on either side it stretches out until it is bounded on one
side by Sardis, on the other by small Hyp?epa. While Pan
there was vaunting his songs before the tender nymphs,
and was tuning his light song on his waxed reed, he dared
to despise the lays of Apollo in comparison with his own,
and, with Tmolus as judge, came to the unequal contest.
The aged umpire sat on his own mountain, and frees his
ears from trees ; his dark locks are surrounded only with
an oak, and acorns hang around his hollow temples. And
he, seeing the God of the flocks, said, " In the judge there is
no delay." Pan plays on his rustic reeds, and soothes
Midas (who happened to be near the singer) with a foreign
song. After him, holy Tmolus turned his face to the face
of Phoebus. The wood followed his face. He, with his
head encircled with the laurel of Parnassus, sweeps the
ground with his robe dyed and re-dyed in Tyrian purple,
and holds up from his left hand his lyre adorned with
precious stones and Indian ivory ; the other hand held the

6 OVI])'S Ml'.TAMORPHOSES, XI.

plectrum. The pose itself was tliat of an artist, Tlien he
stirs the strings with skilful thumb ; charmed by their
sweet sound, Tmolus orders Pan to make his reeds sur-
render to the harp of Apollo. The judgment and opinion
of the sacred mountain please everyone ; yet they are
IJamed and called unjust in the speech of Midas alone.
The Delian god does not allow his stupid ears to keep
their human shape, but expands their size and fills them
with white hairs, and makes the bottom of them movable,
and gives them the power of motion. He is condemned as
to one part alone, all other parts are like those of man ;
but he wears the ears of a sloAv-moving donkey.

180. He, indeed, desires to hide and veil uji with a turban
his foully-disfigured temples. But his servant, who was
accustomed to cut his long hair with scissors, had seen this
disfigurement. Now, as he dared not publish this deformity,
though eager to bring it to light, and as lie, nevertheless,
could not keep silent, he goes apart and digs out the ground,
and whispers in a soft voice what kind of ears he had seen
on his master, and murmurs it to the earth he had drawn
out. All trace of his voice he buries by again heaping on
the earth, and departs silently from the covered ditch.
There a grove thick v/ith v.-aving reeds began to rise, and
when first it ripened in the fulness of the year, it betrayed
its planter : for, moved by the gentle south wind, it declares
the buried words, and makes known the ears of his master.

194. Having thus taken vengeance, the son of Latona
sailed through the clear air, and stood above the fields of
Laomedon, on this side of the narrow Sea of Helle, the
daughter of Xephele. There is an old altar, sacred to the
Panompha\an Thunderer, on the right of Siga?um, and on
the left of deep-stretching Kha,^teum. From tlience he sees
Laomedon first attempting the walls of newly - founded
Troy, and the great undertaking growing with hard toil and
demanding no small resources. Together with the trident-
bearing father of the swelling deep, he puts on mortal
.shape, and builds the walls for the Phrygian tyrant, having
stipulated a price in gold for the outer ramparts. The
M'ork stood finished : the king lefns'.'s to pay the price, and,
to crown his treachery, adds iioijury to falsehood. "Thou

OVID'S metamorphoses, XL 7

shalt not carry this off wiih impunity, " says the ruler t.f
the sea. Tht-n he rolled all his waters to the shore of
greedy Troy, and filled tlie land as if it had been a sea, and
carried off the wealth of the husbandmen, and buried the
fields in his waves. Nor is this punishment sufficient : the
king's daughter, too, is demanded, as a prey for a sea-monster.
But when slie was bound to the hard rocks, Alcides rescues
her, and demands as his promised reward the horses he
had bargained for. But the reward for this great work is
denied, and he seizes the twice perjured walls of conquered
Troy. Nor did Telamon, his companion in the war, depart
without glory : he gets Hesione, who is given to him. For
Peleus was renowned for having a goddess for a wife, nor
does he pride himself more on the name of his grand-
father than tliat of his father-in-law, since indeed, though
he was not the only one who had the good fortune to be
grandson of Jupiter, he was yet the only one who had the

good fortune to be the husband of a goddess

266. Peleus was happy both in his son and in his wife,
and he was a man to whom, if you take away the crime of
killing Phocus, all good fortune had happened. The
Trachinian laud receives him, gudiy of his brother's blood,
and driven from his home and native country. Here Ceyx,
son of Lucifer, and showing in his looks the beauty of his
parent, ruled liis kingdom without violenceand without blood-
shed. He, at that time, sad and unlike himself, was mourn-
ing the loss of his brother. After the son of yEacus, weary
with trouble and with his journey, had come hither, and had
entered the city with a few companions, and had left, down
in a shady valley not far from the walls, the Hocks of sheep
and the herds which he was bringing with him, as soon
as an opportunity is given of approaching the king, he
stretches forth in suppliant hand the wreathed olive
branches, and tells him his circumstances and his birth. He
hides only his crime, and speaks falsely about the reason of
his flight. He asks the king for help by receiving him either
in his city or in his country. In reply, the Trachinian king
addresses him quietly with such words as these: "Our
favours are open to the humblest people, nor do we hold a
churlish sway ; to this disposition of ours thou addest

8 OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XI.

powerful motives — thy renowned name and thy grand-
father, Jupiter. Lose no time in prayers ; thou shalb
obtain all thy request. All these things that thou seest,
whether great or small, call half of them thine own.
Would that thou couldst see them more prosperous !"
Then he wept. Peleus and his companions ask what cause
stirs such great grief

291. To them he says : " Perchance you may think that
this bird, which lives on prey, and frightens all birds,
alwaj^s had wings. It was my brother, fierce in war and
ready for violence, by name Deedalion, son of him who
summons the dawn and is the last to depart from the
sky. I cultivated peace ; I took care about maintaining
peace and my marriage contract — cruel wars pleased my
brother. His valour^ which now in changed form pursues
Thisbseau doves, once subdued kings and nations. Chione
was his daughter : she, most richly endowed with beauty,
had a thousand suitors when fit for wedlock at the age of
fourteen."

318. " What adva;.tage is it to have borne two children, to
have pleased two goos, to have had a brave man for liersire,
and the Thunderer for her ancestor 1 Or is glory actually an
injury to many? It was, at all events, an injury to her.
For she dared to prefer herself to Diana, and blamed the
looks of the goddess. But tlie goddess's fierce anger was
aroused, and she said, 'We will please her by our deeds.'
'i'here is no delay ; she bent her bow, urged the arrow from
the string, and pierced with the reed the tongue that
deserved punishment. Her tongue is now silent, nor does
any sound of the words she attempts to utter proceed from
her, and as she tries to speak her life leaves her in a rush of
blood. With what heart dkl I, hapless one, endure the sad
embraces of the father, and offer consolation to my loving
brother I But her father receives them no otherwise than
as a rock receives the murmurs of the sea, and he bewails
unceasingly the los& of his daughter. When, indeed, he saw
her burning, four times the impulse came upon him to rush
into the midst of the funeral pyre. Driven back from
thence four times, he gives his swift limbs to tlii^ht, and,
like a young bull tciat bears in its galled neck the stings of

oviDf: ?:etamorphoses, xi. 9

hornets, rushes where there is no path. Already then he
seemed to me to run faster than a mortal, and you
would have thouj^bt his feet had taken wings. So he
escapes from all, and, swift in his desire of death, gains the
summit of Parna.-.sus. Apollo in pity, after Diiidalion had
cast himself from the lofty rock, made him a bird, and
supported hitn in mid-air on wings then suddenly made,
and gave him a curved beak, claws with crooked talons, his
former valour, and strength greater than for the size of his
body. And now the hawk, to no one sufficiently well-dis-
posed, rages against dl birds, and, grieving himself, becomes
a cause of grief to others."

3-16. Ana while the son of Lucifer was narrating these
marvels about his brother, Phoca?an Anetor, the guardian
of his herds, flies to him, running with panting hasle,
and says " Peleus, Peleus, I am come a messenger to
thee of <x great misfortune." Peleus commands him to
tell whatever news he may bring. Even the Trachinian
prince himself is in suspense, and his face trembles
with f^ar. The messenger telk his tale : " I had drivjl
the tired oxen to the winding shores at the time when
the run, at its highest point in the middle of its course,
was looking back on exactly as much of its course as
it s.'iw still remaining in front, and some of the oxen had
beiit, their knees upon the yellow sands, and, lying at full
lergth, were looking upon the expanse of the broad waters ;
seine with slow steps were running hither and thither ;
s:/me are swimming, and are pressing forward over the
wattTS with uplifted necks. There is a temple near the
sea, famous neither for its marble nor its gold, but shady
with thick trunks and an ancient grove. It belongs to
the Xereids and Nereus. A sailor, while he was drying his
nets, gave out these to be the gods of the sea. There is a
ruarsh next to this spot, blocked np with a thick growth of
willows — the waters of the overliowing &ea have made it a
marsh. Thence a huge monster, a wolf, frightens the
piacc'3 in the neighbourhood with its heavy crashing noise,
ami comes forth from the rushes of the marsh, its thunder-
ing jaws besmeared both with foam and with black blood,
and its eyes suffused with red fire. And although it is

1.0 ovid's metamorphoses, XI.

lurious at the same time both with rage and with hunger,
still it is fiercer in its rage. For it does not care to end its
fasting and dreadful hunger by the slaughter of oxen, but it
wounds all the herds, and, like a real enemy, scatters tliem
all without exception. Some of us, too, wounded with a
fatal bite, while we again and again attempt to ward off
the wolf, are given u\) to death. The sliore and the fore-
most waves and the marshes, full of bellowing, are red with
blood. But delay is ruinous, nor do our affairs allow us to
hesitate. While anything remains, let us all unite and
seize our arms, yes, our arras, and make our attack with our
weapons in serried ma^s."

379. The rustic stopped speaking. Peleus was not moved
by his losses, but, mindful of his crime, he gathers tlwt the
bereaved Nereid was sending his losses as an off'ering to
dead Phocus. The (Etaean king orders his men to put ou
their armour, and to take weapons of violence, and he him-
self was preparing at the same time to -go with tliem. But
his wife, Alcyone, aroused by the disturbance, leaps forward.
Some of her hair was not yet trimmed : what was trimmed
she tosses in all directions, and clinging round the neck of
her husband, begs liim with words and tears to send help
without going himself, and to save two lives in one.

389. To her the son of yEacus replied : "Lay aside, my
queen, your beautiful, aflectionate fears. The kindness of
your proposal is complete ; I am determined not to take up
arms against this strange prodigy. We must pray to the
deity of the sea." There was a lofty tower on tiie top of
the crest of the hill, a place pleasing to storm-drivon ships.
Thither they ascend, and, with a groan, behold the bulls
strewn on the shore, and the wild, gory-faced destroyer,
with his long hair dyed in blood. Thereupon Peleus,
stretching out his hands toward the shore of the open sea,
prays to dark-haired Psamathe to end her anger ami bring
help. But she is not moved by the words of the son of
^acus as he asks her. Thetis, as a suppliant, received this
pardon for her husband. The wolf, thmigh recalled by
Psamathe, continues in the fierce slaughter, infuriated by
the sweet taste of blood, until she changed it into marl)le
as it clung on the neck of a mangled heifer. She preserved

OVIDS METAMORPHOSES, XI. 11

^he shape of the body and everything except tlie colour : the
colour of the stone shows that it is no longer a wolf, and
that it ought no longer to be feared. Still, the fates do not
allow Peleus to stay in this land. As a wandering exile he
goes to the ^lagnetes, and there obtains from Httmonian
Acastus a piuification from his murder.

410. In the meanwhile, Ceyx. his mind troubled and
anxious at the marvellous metamorphosis of his brother,
and at what follows on his marvellous metauiorphosis, pre-
pares to go to the god of Claros, to consult the holy lots
that soothe mankind. There is danger : for unholy Phorbas,
with his Phlegyans, was making the Delphic temple unap-
proachable ; still he first makes thee, 0 most faithful
Alcyone, aware of his plan. Forthwitli the very marrow of
her bones is chilled, and a palene.ss, very like that of box-
wood, covers her face, and her cheeks are wet with gushing
cears. Thrice she tried to speak, and thrice she moistened
ner face through weeping, and with sobs interrupting her
loving complaints, she said : " What fault of mine, dearest
nusband, is changing thy mind ? Where is that care for me
which used formerly to exist 1 Canst thou now, without
trouble, be aw.-y from thy Alcyone and leave her ? Does a
far journey now please thee 1 Am I dearer to thee now if
I am away ? But, I suppose, thy way is overland, and I
shall only grieve, and not fear as well, and my anxiety will
be without fear. It is the waters, and the idea of the
sorrow-causing sea, that frighten me. And lately I have
8een battered planks upon the shore, and often hav^e I read
the names on empty tombs. And let no deceitful confi-
dence touch thy mind, in that thy father-in-law is Hippo-
tades, who imprisons the strong winds, and, when he
wishes, calms the waters. When once the winds are lat
loose, and have taken possession of the waters, nothing is
forbidden : every land and every sea is given up to them.
They harass, also, the clouds of heaven, and, with their
fierce attacks, strike out bright fires. And the more I know
them (when young I have known and often seen them in
ray fatlier's house), the more I think they are to be feared.
But if na prayers can change thy resolution, dear husband,
and if ihou art but too determined to go, take mo also with

12 OVlD'S iMKlAMORPHOSES, XI.

thee. At any rate, we shall then be storm-tossed together,
and I shall fear only my actual sufferings, and we shall
endure equally whatever there is to be endured, aud side
by side we shall be borne over the broad waters."

444. With such tearful words as these does the daughter
of JEolus move her husband, the son of Lucifer : for no
smaller a fire of love is burning in him too. But he is
neither willing to give up his intended journey over the sea,
nor to take Alcyone to share the danger ; and many an
answer he gave to comfort her nervous heart. Yet she
does not, on that account, approve his reasons. He added
to his words this consolation as well, and b}'' this alone he
moved his loving wife : " Every delay is tedious indeed to
me ; but I swear to thee by the fires of my father, if only
the fates allow me, that I will return before the second full
moon from now." When by these promises hope lor his
return is aroused, forthwith he orders his ship to be brought
out from the docks and launched in the sea, and fitted with
its tackling. At sight of this, as if foreknowing what was
to be, Alcyone again shuddered, and, with overflowing
tears, embraced her husband, and at last, poor hapless wife !
with sad lips said farewell, and fell in a swoon to the
ground. But the vigorous oarsmen, although Ceyx was
seeking pretexts for delay, in two rows pull home the oars
to their strong breasts, and cleave the water with regular
stroke. She has raised her moist eyes, and sees her hus-
band standing on the curved stern, and by beating his
hands giving her the first signs ; she returns the signals.
When the land was left farther behind, and her eyes could
no longer make out his features, she pursues the fleeing ship
with her sight while she is able. Wlien, too, the ship, re-
moved by distance, could not be seen, still she looks at the
sails floating from the top of the mast. And when she sees
not even the sails, with anxious heart she seeks her empty
bed, and throws herself on the couch. The bed and the
place renew the tears of Alcyone, and remind her wha.
part of herself is not i)resent.

474. ]>y this time th(\v had left the harbour, and thr
breeze had stirred the haly.niils ; tlie sailors turn their
hanging oars to the side of the boat, and place the sail-

ovid's meta:\iorphose.s, xi. 13

yarjs on top of the mast, and unfurl the canvas from the
mast, and catch the breezes as they come. Either less tlian
a ijr.lf, or, at any rate, a half and no more of the sea had
been cut through by the ship, and the land on both sides
W£.s far off, when the sea at the fall of night began to whiten
vith swelling waves, and the stormy east wind to blow
more violently. The helmsman cries : " Let down at once
.,he topsails, and furl the whole canvas on the yards." He
gives his commands, but the hostile winds hinder their per-
formance, nor does the dashing of the waters allow any
«vords to be heard. Still of their own accord some hasten
to draw in the oars, some to secure the sides of the ship,
and some to remove the sails from the winds. One pumps
Diit the waves, and pours back the water into the sea ;
another tears down the sail-yards. And while these things
are being done all in disorder, the rough tempest increases,
and from every side the fierce winds wage war, and throw
into confusion the angry seas. The master of the ship him-
self is frightened, and himself confesses that he does not
know what is his position, or what he is either to command
or to forbid, so great is the mass of their misfortune, and so
much more powerful is it than their skill as sailors. For-
sooth there is a noise of the shouts of men, of the creaking
of cordage, of the rush of winds against the lieavy waves,
and of the thunder in the air. The sea is uplifted with its
waves, and seems to reach the heavens, and to touch the
spray-covered clouds. And at one time, when it sweeps tlie
tawny sand from the depths, it is the same colour as the
sand ; at another time it is blacker than the Stygian wave ;
sometimes it is smooth and white with roaring fuam.

502. The Trachinian ship itself, too, is acted on by these
varieties of circumstances, and now as if from the summit
of a high mountain it seems to look down into the valleys
and depths of Acheron ; now when it has sunk and the
encircling waters have surrounded it, it seems to look up to
zhe top of heaven from its low abyss. With wave-struck
side often it gives a mighty crash, and battered by the sea
■'*. groans with sounds as heavy as those once caused by the
iron battering-ram and ballista when they shake and mutilate
stiongholds. And as fierce lions, gaining strength by a

14 ovid's metamorphoses, XI

rush, are wont to go full front against arms and weapons
stretched out before them, so when the winds had risen and
the waters had entered, they advanced against and were
much higher than the rigging of the ship. And now the
bolts totter, and, deprived of their covering of wax, the
. chinks open wide, and offer a path to the deadly waves.
Lo, the clouds discharge themselves, and heavy showers
fall, and you would think that the whole of heaven was
descending into the sea, and that the swelling ocean was
ascending V) the region of heaven. The sails are wet with
the rain-clou d», and the waves of the sea are mingled in
confusion with the waters from heaven. The sky is with-
out its fires, and dark night is overcast both with its own
gloom and that of the storm. Yet the gleaming lightning
dispels this gloom and affords light : the waves begin to burn
beneath the fires of ihe lightning. Now, too, the wave
makes a leap within the hollow fabric of the ship, and as a
soldier, superior to all the rest of his number, after he has
often leapt up to the walls of a defended city, at length gains
what he has l)oped for, and burning with the love of fame
among a thousand men is yet the only one to take the wall,
so when the waves had battered the lofty sides nine times,
the tenth wave, rising more mightily, comes rushing against
them, and ceases not from attacking the weary ship before
it descends as it were on to the walls of the captured vessel.
So part of the sea was still trying to attack the ship, part
was already within it. All are alarmed, not otherwise than
as a city generally is alarmed when some are undermining
the wall from without, while others are holding it within.

537. Their skill fails tliem and their courage falls : there
seem to rush and break in upon them us many forms of
death as the waves that approach. One man cannot restrain
liis tears, anntiier is stupefied, another calls those hai>py for
whom a funeral is in store, another worships the deity with
vows, and lifting his useless arms to heaven, which he does
not see, asks for help : to anotlier occurs the thought of
brother and parent, to another his home with its pledges of
affection, and whatever is left to iiim. The thought of
Alcyone touches Ceyx ; on the lips of Ceyx there is no name
but Alcyone, and although lie yearns for her alone, still he

OVIDS :METAM0RPH08ES, XI. 15

rejoices that slic is not Avith him. He would ^vish, too, to
look back to the shores of his native land, and to turn his
last look towards home ; but where it is he knows not : the
sea boils with so niiglity a whirling eddy, and the whole
sky lies hidden beneath a shadow drawn on from pitchy
clouds, and the picture of niglit is doubled in darkness.

551, The mast is broken by the rush of the whirlwind of
rain ; the rudder, too, is broken, and standing over its spoils
the wave, as if a conqueror, undaunted and swollen in curves,
looks down upon the waves around, and falls headlong with
no less weight than if one were to tear up the svhole of
Athos and Pindus from their foundation and overthrow
them into the open sea, and equally both by its weight and
the blow it sinks the ship into the depths. And with it a
great part of the crew, overborne by the heavy edd}', and not
able to rise to the surface again, meet their fate. Others hold
parts and broken fragments of the boat. Ceyx himself holds
in his hand (in which he used to hold his sceptre) pieces of
the ship, and calls, alas ! in vain, upon his father and the
father of his wife. But most of all the name of his wife
Alcyone is on his lips as he swims about. Her he remembers ;
her name he repeats ; he wi.shcs that the wave may drive his
body before her eyes, and that when he is dead his tomb may
be piled up by friendly hands. AVIiilc he floats, as often as
the waves allow him to open his mouth, he calls Alcyone, and
whispers her name to the veiy waves. Lo, a black arch of
waters breaks above the middle of the waves and sinks and
overwhelms his head beneath the bursting billow. Lucifer
was dark and unrecognisable on that night, and since
jie could not quit the sky, covered his face with thick
clouds.

573. In the meanwhile, the daughter of yEoIus, unaware
of this great misfortune, is counting the nights, and already
IS hurrying on witli the garments for him to put on, and
also for herself to wear when he comes, and she idly pro-
mises herself his return. She, indeed, was offering pious
incense to all the gods above, yet before all others slie paid
honour to the temple of Juno, and on behalf of her husband,
who was no longer existing, she kept coming to the altars,
and prayed that her spouse might be safe, and might return

16 OVID'S METAilORPHO.SES, XL

and prefer no other woman to her. But out of so many
prayers she could only obtain this last wish.

583. But the goddess no farther endures to be entreated
on behalf of one who has met his death, and in order to
keep from her altars the defiled hands of Alcyore, she said,
" Iris, thou most faithful messenger of my words, go quickly
to see the slumberous court of Sleep, and order him in the
shape of the dead Ceyx to send to Alcyone dreams reporting
his true fate." She finished speaking. Iris puts on robes
of a thousand colours, and marking the sky with her curved
bow, makes for the cloud-hidden home of the king who was
ordered to obey Juno's command.'^ There is near the Cim-
merii a cave with a deep recess, a hollow mountain, the home
and sanctuary of lazy Sleep. Thither Phoebus can never
approach with his rays either at sunrise, mid-day, or sunset.
Mists mixed with darkness and a dusk of uncertain light
rise in vapour from the ground ; there no wakeful bird with
crested head summons Aurora by his crovv-ing, nor is the
silence broken by the noise of watchful dogs or a goose wiser
than dogs. No wild beasts, no flocks, no breeze-stirred
branches, no clamour of human tongue emit a sound. It
is the abode of mute stillness. Yet from the bottom of the
rock issues the stream of the water of Lethe, over which the
w\ave gliding with whispering murmur invites sleep by its
rustling pebbles. Before the gates of the cave bloom fertile
poppies and numberless grasses, from the sap of which dark
Night gathers sleep and scatters it over the shady earth.
There is no gate in the whole of the house, lest it should
creak when the hinges turned ; there is no guardian on the
threshold. But in the middle of the cave there is a couch
raised high on ebony, full of feathers of dark colour, over-
laid with covering of tlie same hue, on which the god him-
self might lie when his limbs were relaxed in laziness.
Around him in all directions lie idle visions, imitating
various shapes, as many as the ears of corn in a harvest, or
the leaves in a wood, or the grains of sand cast up on the
shore.

GIG, As soon as the maiden had entered hither, and had
thrust apart with her hands the visions that obstructed her
path, the holy house shone again with the brightness of

OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XL

>iPr robe Vnd the god, scarcely raising his eyes sunk in

sloth' alhea;.ness, sliced back again and again, and sUn^ck

thP too of his breast with his nodding chin ; but at la.t he

h ol \lseU- free from sleep, and, leaning on his elbcnv

the lod. thou peace of the mind, whom Care avoids, who
soXe^t'bodTs\vorn out with hard toils and makest them
fit aAin for work, command visions, which may e qua b>
?heir" opy the true shapes, to go to Alcyone in Herculean
Trach s in th. form of the king, and -P-f^X'ste t.s
^hinwreck This is the command ot Juno. Alter she lia=
IccQ ^^ed ler orders Iris departs, for she could no
Ln^^r^endure the strength of the vapour ; and when she
longer euu ^ ° „ii,|ing on to her limbs, she flees

iT^r^Imrn^Iloirthe bow by%vMch she had just before

h'mnlaP Xo'^o b':;' 1" skUfully represents for his
father Sleerman's walk, looks, and sound of speech ; he adds
™r:;.'r the garments and the words winch a^e mo^tnsu

r ^^* TSd b™rraitngtdied ^..ake.^ "hL
h'r^ols^ e caU icdo's, bt,t ,n?ttal people call luna
Phobetor There is also a third with skdl of a different
Sid Xntasos. He deceitfully transfonns "eo^ h^^i;" °
earth rock water, wood, and all lifeless bodies inese
«^ are accustomed at night to show their faces to km^.

-'' V7;fi';,rnr?XrTe r;r?v:r\h™"Td

E :s1lo; iCHione It of Jf brothers to perforni
the commands of the daughter of Thauma» , and afcain K^
laxing himself in gentle sloth, he let hi> head sink, ana
once more l.uiied it on the lofty couch.

65 " Morpheus, with wings that make no creaking sounds
flies thrS the shades, an°d within a short space of tune
r aches tt H..monian city, and laying ^ide his wiiigs

{[-ltsu^:::l5Mts^e,rst*drghas't,>^Tikea^:a

18 OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XI,

person, without any clothes, before the bed of his hapless
wife. The beard of the hero seems dank, and the water
appears to flow heavily from his reeking locks. Then, lean-
ing over the couch, with tears pouring over his face, he
says: "Dost thou recognise thy Ceyx, my most hapless
wife, or is my face so changed by death ? Look at me, and
thou wilt know and find out, instead of thy husband, thy
husband's shade. Thy prayers brought us no help, Alcyone.
We are dead. Do not falsely promise thyself that I shall
return. The cloud-bringing south wind caught our .ship in
the ^-Egrean Sea, and with its mighty blasts tossed and
dashed it to pieces, and the waves filled my mouth whil.st
it in vain cried out thy name. Xo doubti'ul authority
brings thee this message, nor dost thou hear this by vague
reports. I myself, who was shipwrecked, am announcing
to thee my fate, face to face. Come, rise; give vent to
tears, put on mourning, and send me not unwept down to
the shades of Tartarus." In addition to the re-emblance of
shape, Morpheus adds a voice which she would think was
her husband's. He seemed, too, to pour forth real tears, and
his hand had the gesture of Ceyx.

674. Alcyone groans, bursts into tears, and moves her
arms in her sleep, and, when she seeks for his body, em-
braces the air, and cries : "Stay : whither dost thou hurry 1
we will go together." Disturbed by the voice and appari-
tion cf her husband, she shakes off her slumber, and at tirst
looks round to see if he, who had just been seen, is there.
Her attendants, roused by her cry, had brought in a light.
"When she cannot discover him anywhere, she beats her face
with her hand, and tears her robe from her breast, and
strikes her bare breast. Nor does she take the trouble to
let down her hair, she tears it out, and says to her nurse,
who asks her what is the cause of her grief : " Alcyone is
no more — she is no more ; she died at the same time as her
husband Ceyx. Away with words of consolation. He luis
perished in a shipwreck. I saw and recognise I him, and,
eager to keep hold of him, I stretched out my hands to him
as he was departing. He was a shade, but still evidently
and truly the sliade of my husband. He did not, indeed, if

0\'Ii)S METAMORPHOSES, XI, 19

thou askect me, have his ordinary looks, nor his former bright
beauty of face : hapless that I was, I saw him pallid and
naked, with still reeking locks. Lo, he stood, pitiable
wretch, in this very spot " — and she looks whether any
footprints remain. "This, this was what I kept fearing
with foreboding heart, and I kept asking thee not to flee from
me and follow the winds. But, at any rate, I could have
wished, since thou wast departing to meet thy death, that
ihou hadst taken me too. It would have been a great gain
for me to have gone with thee, for I should not have lived
any portion of my life without thee, nor would my death
have been separated from thine. As it is, I am djang far
from thee ; I am being tossed, too, over the waves far from
thee, and without my body the sea holds me. My heart
would be more cruel than the sea itself, if I were to try to
prolong my life any further, and if I were to struggle to
survive this great grief But I will neither struggle nor
will I desert thee, my hapless husband, and at least I Avill
now come and be thy companion ; and ia the grave one
epitaph, if not one funeral urn, shall unite us. If I am not
to touch thy bones with mine, at any rate, I will touch thy
name with mine." Her grief prevents further speech, and
her wailing interrupts every word, and deep-drawn moans
come from her stupefied heart.

710. It was morning : she goes out of the palace to the
sliore, and sadly makes her way again to that place from
whence she had seen him as he departed. And while she
lingers there, and while she says, " Here he loosed the
cables, on this part of the shore he gave me kisses when he
was going," she looks forward, and beholds on the clear
water, at an interval of some distance, something like a
body as it were, and at first what it was was doubtful.
After the wave had cast it a little nearer, although it was
some way off, still it was clear that it was a body. Xot
knowing who it was, she is affected by the omen, since he ia
shipwrecked, and would let fall a tear for him, as if for an
unknown person. " Alas, hapless man !" she said, " who-
ever thou art, and whether or no thou hast a wife."
Driven by the waves, the body has come nearer. The more

20 OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, XI.

she beholds it, the less and less does she keep her senses.
And now it is moved up close to the land near at hand, and
now she sees it so as to be able to recognise it — it was her
husband. " It is he !" she exclaims, and at the same time
tearing her face, hair, and clothes, and, stretching forth her
trembling hands to Ceyx, she says : " Is it thus, 0 dearest
husband ; is it thus, 0 hapless man, that thou returnest to
mel"

728. There lies near the waves a mole made by human
hand, which breaks the first fury of the sea, and tires out
beforehand the attack of the waters. Hither she leaps, and
it was wonderful to have been able to do so. She flew,
and, striking the light air with wings just created, as a hap-
less bird she skimmed the top of the waves ; and while she
flew, her croaking mouth, with its thin beak, uttered a
sound sad-like and plaintive. But when, indeed, she
touched the dumb and bloodless body, she embraced his
beloved limbs with her newly acquired wings, and in vain
gave him cold kisses with her hard beak. The people
doubted whether (^eyx felt this, or whether he seemed to
raise his face by the motion of the waves ; but in reality
he had felt it, and at length the gods above pitied thetn,
and changed them both into birds. Bound to submit to the
same fate, their love remained then, too, as before, nor was
the nuptial bond loosened now that they were birds. They
mate and become parents, and through seven calm days in
the v/inter time Alcyone broods over her nest which hangs
on the waters. Then the sea-wave lies still : ^Eolus guards
the winds and prevents them from escaping, and provides a
level sea for his offspring.

749. Some old man observes them as they fly together
over the broad seas, and praises their love which was pre-
served to the end. One close by, or perchance the same,
pointing to a diver with its broad throat, said : " This one,
too, whom you see cleaving the sea with small logs is the
off'spring of a king ; and if you seek to go down in a con-
tinuous line until you come to him, his descent is as follows:
Ilus, Assaracus, Ganymedes, who was ravished by Jupiter,
old Laomedon, and Priam, whose lot it was to rule over the

OVID'S MET.AJMOErHOSES, XL 21

last days of Troy. This man was the brother of Hector,
and unless he had experienced a strange fate in the
beginning of his youth, perchance he would have had a
name no less high than that of Hector, although the
daughter of Dymas bore the latter. Alexirrhoe, the child
of double-horned Granicus, is said to have given birth to
^Esacus secretly beneath shady Ida. He hated cities, and,
rt'tiring from the splendid court, used to frequent the retreat
of mountains and the unpretending country, and but seldom
approached the assemblies of the Trojans. He had, how-
ever, a heart which was neither boorish nor unsusceptible
to love ; he sees Hesperie, the daughter of Cebren, on the
l)anks of her father (Cebren), drying in the sun her locks as
they flow over her shoulders, and often chases her through
the whole of the woods. The nymph being seen, flees
from him, just as a frightened stag flees from the tawny
wolf, or as the water-duck, overtaken after his lake has been
left far behind, flees from the hawk. The Trojan hero
pursues her, and, made swift by love, he presses on her,
made swift by fear.

775. " Behold, a snake, lying hidden in the grass, with
curved fangs stung her foot as she fled, and leit the poison
in her body. Her flight and her life are cut short at the
same moment. All distraught, he embraces her lifeless
body, and cries, ' I am grieved, I am grieved that I pursued
thee ! but it was not this 1 feared, nor was victory worth
such a price to me. We two have destroyed thee — the
wound was given by the serpent, the cause of it by me ;
I am more criminal than the serpent, so I bj' my death
will send thee an expiatory sacrifice for thy death.'

783. "Thus he spoke, and from off a cliff, which had
been eaten away by the hoarse-sounding wave, he threw
liimself into the sea. Tethys, in pity, caught him gently as
he fell, and covered him with wings as he swam over the
sea, and no ojjportunity was given him for the death he
desired. The lover is angry at being compelled to live
against his will, and at his soul being prevented in its wish
to depart from its unhappy home. And when he had re-
ceived his new wings on his shoulders, he flies aloft, and

22 OVIDS METAMORPHOSES, XI.

again semjs liis body above the waters. His feathers
lighten the fall, ^sacus rages, and darts headlong into the
deep, and ceaselessly attempts a way to death. Love caused
his leanness. The space between the joints of his legs re-
mains long, his neck remains Ions, his ht^ad is far from his
body. He loves the sea, and keeps his name of diver
because he dives in it."

END OF EOOK XL

•CkiNQ A tons, raiNTtR*. auiLsrswe.

September, ISSO.

Cataloouc of Books

FOR THE EXAMINATIONS OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

London: W. B. CLIVE & CO.,
UNIV. CORE. COLL. PRESS WAREHOUSE,

BOOKSELLEKS RoW, StEAND, W.C.

^rfooa: ^o

joapj '^o YmKmm

PUBLISHED BT W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS BOW, STRAND.

Zbc tutorial Scries.— flDatriculation,

MATRICULATION DIRECTORY, witli FULL AN-
SWERS to the Examination Papers. No. VI., June,

issy. Is.

Contents : Introductory Hints — University Regulations — Advice
on the choice of Text-Books (including Special Subjects) — ilatricu-
lation Examination Papers set June, 1889— Full Solutions to all
the above Ezaminatiou Papers by the following Tutors of Univer-
sity Correspondence College: —

B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond., First in First Class Honours in Classics at
Inter, and B.A., Gold M.dallist in Classics at M.A.

W. F.Masom.B. A. Lond. .First Class Honours in ClassicsatB. A., French
and English Honours at Inter.. 2nd in Honours at Matric, &c.

A. J. "Wyatt. M.A. Lond., Head ol: the M.A. List in English and
French, Teachers' Diploma, &c.

L. J. LnnssiER, B.A. Lond., First in Honours at Inter, and Final,
B.-es-Sc, B.-es-L. Paris, also of Stuttgart and Strasburg Uni-
versities.

H. E. Just, S.A. Lond., Double Honours in French and German
(Ist Class). First in First Class Honours at Inter.

W. H. Low, M.A. Lond. (German and English).

G. Brtax, B.A., Fifth Wrangler, First Class, First Div. in Part II.,
Smith's Prizeman, Fellow of the Camb. Phil. Soc, etc.

W. H. Thomas, B.Sc. Lond., First inFirstClass Honours inChemistry.

R.W. Stewakt. B.Sc. Lond., First in First Class Honours in Chemistry
at Inter. Sc, and First in First Class Honours in Physics at B.Sc.

" Books, method of study, and other matter of importance are treated with a
fulness of knowledee that only experts can possess." — Educational Xews.
" Practically indispensable." — Private Schoolmaster.

Matriculation Directory. Noa. I., II., III. (containing the

Exam. Papers of Jan. and June, 1887. and Jan., 1888; with
Answeks to the ^Mathematical Questions), 6d. each. Nos. IV.,
V. (containing the Exam. Papers of June, 1888, and Jan., 1889,
with full Answers), Is. each.

Matriculation Exam. Papers (in all aabjects). Jane, 1889. 3d.

*,* To facilitate tlip usoof these Questions at school examinations, each Paper
has been printed on a leaf by itself, and may easily be torn out without injury
to the rest of the bfwk.

Matriculation Book Guide for 1891, containing Advice to Private

Students on the Choice of Text-Books in all subjects, including
the Prescribed Authors. 6d. [Ready October, 1889.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

^be tutorial Series— fIDatriculation.

Matriculation Latin, by B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond. Second Edi-
tion, Enlarged. Is. 6d.

Contexts : Choice nf Text-Books— Plan of Study for 18 Weeks, with Notes
and Hints— Matrie. Exam. Papers in Latin Grammar from 1881 to 1889 — Illus-
trative Sentences for Latin Prose — List of words difTering in meaning according
to quantity — ^foflel Solutions, &c.

" The introductory advice to tlie -student is very practical, and in every way
admirable."— .So/ioo^ Board Chronicle.

" It needs only to be seen to be thoroughly appreciated by any candidate for
the Matrie. Exam., and if the plan of work laid down be carried out, there can-
not be a failure." — Private Schoolmaster. ,^

London Undergraduate Unseens ; A Reprint of all the Latin'

and Greek Passages set foi- Unprepared Translation at Matricu-
lation and Intermediate Arts, together with schemes for reading
in order of diiBcnlty. Is. 6d.

Latin Syntax and Composition. By A. H. Allcroft, B.A., and

B.. J. Hayes, ^I. A. Lond. Is. 6d. Key, 2s. 6d. [^In preparation.

Matriculation French. Papers : A Reprint of the Jast Twenty

Examination Papers in French set at Matriculation ; with Model
Solutions to the Paper of June, 1888, by W. F. Masom, B.A.
Lond. Is.

Matriculation English Language Papers. A Reprint of the

last Twenty Examination Papers. Is.

Matriculation English History Papers. A Reprint of the last

Thirty Examination Papers ; with Model Solutions to that of

.Time," 1888, by W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond. Is.
*»* To facilitate the use of these Questions at school eraminatior.s,
each Paper has hecn printed on a leaf hy itself, and viay ea.'iily be torn
out trithout i)ijury to the rest of the hook.
Matriculation Mathematics. By a Cambridge Wrangler and a

Mathematical Scholar. Third Edition. Is. 6d.

CoNTKNTS : Hints— Choice of Text-Books— Scheme of Stud.v for IS Weeks—
18 Ttst-I'iiiKT.s— 1)6 ."Miscollaiieor.s Questions— a.W Selerteti Examples— .Vnswers—
Model SohitionstoS Sets of Kxaniination Papers— List of Euclid's Propositions
set at M;ilriciilatioii duriiic 10 years.

" Hi'ie we have a liook wliich will save the oandidatt' for Matrioulntion nifuiy

nn hour's profitless trvind and doubtful eropintr The Canibriiljie Wninrler

and M:itheniati("il Scholar (who are nlfn London I'luversity men) who have
writt<-n it have had a wide experience in the refiuirenieuts of Matricuhition
candidates, and know the specialities of the Examinntion."— A\/i«<-a/»oi«ol
JoiirnaK

"A (treat boon to private students, since n caredd us«' of it will sAve them
time and trouble."— Priivi//' School iiiaster.

" \\\\\ no doubt serve its |>urpose excellently."- yournni qf EdneatioH.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO.. BOOKSELLERS ROW. STEAND.

Ilbc tutorial Scries— flDatncuIation.

Text-Eook of Heat and Light, embracing the entire Mati-icula-
tion Syllabus, with an Appendix containinj^ the three Papers
set since the chan'jrc in the Re<^ulations. fpll Answers, anti a
selection of the more difficult Questions set dariiicf the last 20
years under the old regulations. By R. W. Stewaet, B.Sc.
Lond. 3s. 6d. " [Ready Xovemher, 1889.

Text-Book of Magnetism and Electricity, embracing the entire
Jlatnculatiun Syllabus, witii an AppLiidix containing the three
Papers set since the change in the Regulations, full Au.swers,
and a selection of Questions set at Inter. Sc. suitable for Matri-
culation. By K. W. Stewart, B.Sc. Lond. 3s. 6d.

[In preparation.

Matriculation Chemistry. Notes and Papers. Second Edition,

Eiuarired. Is. 6d.
CoxTESTs : Advice on Text-Books — Definitions and Theory — Notes for 16
Lessons— IS Test Pa ixjrs— Answers and Model Solutions— Glossary.
MatricTilation Mechanics Papers. The last T\venty-five

P.\PEKS set at London .Matriculation, with Solutions to June,

1888, and Jan. 1SS9, Hints on Text-Books, and 199 Additional

Questions. Is.
"Students will fin 1 of CTeat value to them the Mafriculafian ^yfechanics
issued by tin- Wiess Warehouse of the University Correspondence College." —
Sdiif"! IjiKird ClirotiirU .

Introdnction to Inter. Arts Greek. [In preparation.

A Synopsis of Constitutional History. By W. F. Masom.

B. A. Lond. [In preparation.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS ON THE TUTORIAL SERIES.

" The Tutorial Series (published at the London Warehouse of University
Corresponden<'e Colleee, a new but useful and thriving adjunct to the ordinary
educational machinery) is the best of its k\nd."—Edtwatio>ial Times.

" The University Correspondence CoUeire Tutorial Guides to the London Uni-
versity Examinations have cained a great reputation, just as the Correspondence
College has earned a high distuiction among btudents." — School Board
Chronicle.

" In the way of Guides to the Examinations of the London University, the
Universitj- Correspondence College Tutorial Series seetiis to have developed a
speciality, and so far »a we can see has outstripped all its rivals." — Practical
Teacher.

"This series of Guides to the Examinations of London University will prove
extremely serviceable to candidates. Thev give just the kind of dfreetion and
advice that a student needs, pointinit out the most reliable, helpful, and recent
sources of information, and plainly indicating points of special importance.
Drawn up iti a useful and *orkmanlike fashion, the books give abundant proof
of sound scholarship spt-ciolised and applied to the requirements of the London
examinations. ' — Srlioolma.iter.

"These books save the students an immense labour, and, being from the i>en8
of professsional scholars, the information is not only correctly stated, but easily
understood." — Educational Journal.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

^be XTutorial Seines— fIDatiiculatton.

SPECIAL SUBJECTS.

FOR JANUARY, 1890.

Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book XI. Edited by a First Class
Honours Graduate of Oxford and London.

PART I. : Text, Introduction, and Notes. Is. 6d.

PART II. : Vocabularies in order of the Text, with Test

Papers. 6d. Interleaved, 9d.
PART III. : A Literal Translation. Is.
The Three Parts Complete. 2s. 6d.

"Most excellent notes, occupying three times as many pages as are occupied
by the poet's lines." — School Board Chronicle.

Ovid, Tristia, Book III. By the Editor of Ovid's Metamor-
phoses, XI.

PART I. : Text, Introduction, and Notes. Is. 6d,
PART II. : Vocabularies in order of the Text, with Test
Papers. 6d. Interleaved, 9d.

PART III. : A Literal Translation. Is.
The Three Parts Complete. 2s. 6d.

FOR JUNE, 1890.

{Ready Julij, 1889.)
Cicero, De Amicitia. Edited by S. Moses, M.A. Oxon. and B.A.

Lond.

PART I. : Text, Introduction, and Notes. Is. 6d.
PART II. : A Vocabulary (in order of the Text), with

Test Paper8. Interleaved, Is.
PART III. : A Literal Translation. Is.
The Three Parts Complete. 2s. 6d.
Cicero, Pro Balbo. Edited by S. ilosES, iI.A. Oxon. and B.A.

Loud.

PART I. : Text, Inteoduction, and Notes. Is. 6d.

PART II. ; A Vocabulary (in order of the Text), with

Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.
PART III. : A Literajl Translation. Is.
The Three Parts Complete. 2s. 6d.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLEES ROW, STRAND.

Zbc ^Tutorial Scriee— flDatriculation.

SPECIAL SUBJECTS.

FOB. JAXUABY, 1891.

(Uradi/ December, 1889.)
Horace, Odes, Book I.

PART 1. : Text, IxTKonucTioN, and Notes. Is. 6d.

PART II. A VocABrLART (in order of the Text), with
Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.

PART III. : A Literal Translatiox. Is.

The Three Parts Complete. 2s. 6d.

Horace, Odes, Book II.

PART 1.: Text, I.XTRonrcTiox, and Notes. Is. 6d.

PART II. : A Vocabulary (in order of the Text), with
Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.

PART III. : A Literal Tkanslatiox. Is.

The Three Parts Complf.tk. 2s. 6d.

FOB JTTNE, 1891.

{Ready early in 1890.)
Livy, Book I.

f'ART T. : Text, Introuuctiox, and Notes. 2s. 6d.

PART 11.: A Vocabclarv (in order of tli" Tcxn. with
Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.

PART III. : A Literal Translatkix. 2s.

The Three Pakt.s C<).mplete. 4s. 6d.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

Zhc ZTutorial Serice— 3nter. Hrts,

INTERMEDIATE ARTS DIRECTORY, with FULL

ANSWERS to the Examination Papers. No. II., 1889.
Is. 6d.

Contents : Introductory Hints — University Eegulations — Advice
on the Choice of Text-Books (inchidiiig Special Subjects for 1890) —
Examination Papers set July, 1889 — Pull Solutions to all the
above Examination Papers (except Special Subjects for the year) by
the following Tutors of University Correspondence College : —
B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond., First in First Class Honours in Classics at

Inter, and Final B.A., Gold Medallist in Classics at M.A.
W.F.MASOM,B.A.Lond.,First Class Honours in Classics at B. A. .French

and English Honours at Inter., 2nd in Honours at Matric., &c.
A. J. Wtatt, M.A. Lond., Head of the M.A. List in English and

French, Teaciier's Diploma, etc.
L. J. Lhuissier, B.A. Lond., First in Honours at Inter, and Final,

B.-es-Sc.,B.-es-L. Paris, also of Stuttgart & StrasburgUniversities.
H. E. Just, B.A. Lond., Double Honours in French and German

(1st Class), First in First Class Honours at Inter.
W. H. Low, M.A. Lond. (German and English).
G. Bryan, B.A., Fifth Wrangler, First Class, First Div. in Part II.,

Smith's Prizeman, Fellow of the Carab. Phil. Soc, etc
" Students preparing for London University Degrees are recom-
mended to see this little book, which is full of that particular kind of
information so needful to those about to undergo examination. The
article on ' Suitable Text Books for Private Students ' is specially
commendable." — Teacher's Aid.

" The ' Intermediate Arts Guide ' contains an excellent selection of
Text Books." — Practical Teacher.

" A really useful ' Intermediate Arts Guide,' than which nothing
can be better for the private student who intends to present himself at
the London University Examination of next July." — School Guardian.
The Intermediate Arts Directory for 18S8, ivith full Ansivers to all the
Papers (including Spccinl Subjects for f hi- year), price 2s. 6d., may .^itill
he had.
Intermediate Arts Examination Papers (in all subjects), 1889.

6d. (1888 can also be liacl.)

[Published a u-eek after each E.vaminatxon.

The Inter. Arts Exam. Papers for lS86(i)i(i 1887 (i(i7;i Ans-icers to

the 'Mathematical Questions) niay .ttill be had, price Is.

Intermediate Arts Book Guide, containing Advice to Private

Students on tlio Choice ot Text- Hooks in all subjects, including

the Prescribed Authors. 6d. [Ready 18vwnths before the Eram.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO.. BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

Zbc tutorial Series— 3ntci\ arts.

Intermediate Latin. B_v W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond., and B. J.
Hayes, .M.A. Lond. 2s.
CoME.vTS: Ciioice of Text-Books— Plan of Study for 30 weeks, \rith Notes
and Hints on Grammar and Roman History— University Examination Papers
in Grammar, Comp<>iition, and History from 1S71 to 1SS9, with Model Answers
from 1S<7 to iss;i— llhi>trative Sentences for Latin Prose, Ac.

London Undergradnate Unseens. A Reprint of all the Latin
aud Greek Passages set for Unprepared Translation at Matricu-
lation and Intermediate Arts, together with schemes for reading
in order of diflficuky. Is. 6d.

History of the Beign of Augustus. Is. [In preparation.

Synopsis of Roman History to a.d. 96. Is. 6d. [In preparation.

Latin Honours Exam. Papers: A Eeprint of the Papers in
Grammar, History, and Geography set at the London Inter-
mediate Examination in Arts (Honours), 1874—1888; together
with all the B.A. CHonours) and M.A. papers in Latin Grammar
and Criticism. 3s. 6d.

Introduction to Inter. Arts Greek. [In preparation.

Intermediate Greek. Edited by B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond. 2s.

Contexts : .\dvioe on Text Books— Flan of Study for 30 weeks, with indica-
tion of important points — Notes and Hints on 20 I.*.ssoiis — University Examina-
tion Papers in Grammar for 7 yars, with Mixiel Solutions to the last.
Intermediate French Examination Papers, 1877 to 1888
This collection contains all the Papers set iu accordance with
the present Regnlations. Is. 6d.
Intermediate Mathematics. A Guide to the Mathematical Sub-
jects prescribed for tlie Intermediate Examinations in Aets and
Science at the Univeifity of London. By the Principal of
University Correspondence College. Second Edition. Ss.

CosTKNTS : Advice on Text Books— Scheme of Study for 30 weeks, with indi-
cation of important Book-work — .30 Test Papers— 10f> Miscellaneous Questions —
Directions for Revision— On the Structure of the University Examination
Papers, and the relative importance of the several Mathematical Subjects —
Answers to Test Papers— Examination Paper», with Model Solutions, 1886 to
1888.

" The value of such a book to one preparing for the examination is very preat.
There is no time lost in aimless efforts ; the relative value of every part of the
work is known at the outset; the mind is entirely relieved from the partial
paralysis insei>anib1e from uncertaintj- and doubtful jrropings. Everytniny: is
' cut and dry,' in the very best sense." — Educational Xetcs.

" Forminir an admirable course of study for candidates for the Intermediate
Examination in Arts and Scienc»-." — School Gvnrdian.

Coordinate Geometry. Part I. By the Pkincipal of University
Correspondence College and G. H. Bryan, B.A. 2s.

[In preparation.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO.. BOOKSELLERS KOW. STRAND.

Zbc ZTutorial Scries— Jnter. Brts, 1890.

Vergil — Georgics I. and II. A Vocabulary (interleaved) in

order of the Text, with Test Papkrs. Is.
Vergil — Georgics I. and II. A Tkaxslation. By F. P. Ship-
ham, M.A. Loud. Is. 6d.
Livy— Book XXI. Edited by A. H. Allcroft, B.A., aud W. F.
Masom, B.A. Load.

PAKT I. Introduction, Text, and Notes. 2s. 6d.
PART IL A Vocabulary (interleaved) in order of the

Text, with Test Papers. Is.
PART III. A Translation. 2s.
The Three Parts Complete. 4s. 6d.

Sophocles — Antigone. Edited by A. H. Allcroft, B.A. and
B. J. HAYJis, M.A. Loud.

PART I. I.vTRODucnoN, Text, and Notes. 2s. 6d.
PART II. A Vocabulary (interleaved) in order of the Text,

with Test Papers. Is.
PART III. A Translation. 2s.
The Three Parts Complete. 4s. 6d.

History of English Literature. 1660 to 1714. By W. H.

Low, :\r.A. Loud., ;ui(l A. J. Wwrr, M.A. Lond. 3s. 6d.
Synopsis of English History. 1660 to 1714. 2s.
Dfyden.- Essay on Dramatic Poesy. 2s. Wiih NoiKs. 3s. 6d.
Notes on Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poesy. Hy A. .).

Vf'vATT, M.A. Loiul., Mini W. 11. Lnu, M.A. Loiui. 2s.
Xotes on Addison's Essays on Milton. By .V.J. \Vy.\tt, M..\

l>niMl., .-uul \V. II. Low, .M.,\. I,..ihI. 2s!
Intermediate English, 1890. Qi.EsrioNson «11 thePa.^^snubjects

«et, 2s.
Havelolc the Dane. .\ close 'J'ranslation into Modem Enjjlisii,

l>r>(C(l(il l)y tlu' AdditiouHl Notes and Corrections issued in

Prof. Skeat's new edition, liy A. J. Wvatt, M.A. Loud. (For

Honours.) Gs.

" Tins version will bo ft irront boon." — Prnc/ical Teacher.

" (Jf very g rent viiluc to sludcnlH working «t \w\\\e."— English Teacher.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW. STRAND.

^he tutorial Seriee— 3ntci\ Brt5, IS9L

'Rradij early in 1890.)

Vergil. — Aeneid, IX. and X. A Vocahulary {interleaved) in
order uf the Text, with Test Papers. Is.

Vergil.— Aeneid, IX. and X. A Translation. By A. A. Irwin
Xesbitt, M.A. Is. 6d. \_Rcady October, 1889.

Tacitns. — Annals, I.

PART I. Introduction, Text, and Notes. 2s. 6d.
PART II. A VocABt'LAKY {interleaved) iu order of the
Text, with Test Papers. Is.

PART III. A Translation. 2s.
The Three Parts Complete. 48. 6d.

Herodotus, VI. A Vocabulary (interleaved) in order of the
Text, with Test Papers. Is.

Herodotns. VI. A Translation. 28.

Synopsis of English. History, 1485 to 1547.

History of English Literature, 1485 to 1547.

Shakespeare. — Henry VIII. Introduction and Notes by VV.
H. Low, M.A. Lond.

Intermediate English, 1891. Questions on all the Pass sub-
jects set. 2s.

Notes on Spenser's Shepherd's Calender, with an Introduc-
tion. By A. J. WiATT, M.A. Loud. (For HonouksJ. 2s.

[Ready.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

^be ^Tutonal Seriee.— B.B.

THE B.A. DIRECTORY, will PULL ANSWERS to tlie
£xaiuiiiatioii Papers. No. I., 1889. 2s.

[^Readij a fortnight after the Examination.
Contents : Introductory Hints — Universiry Regulations — Advice
on the Choice of Text-Books (inclading Special Suhjocta for 1890) —
Examination Papers set October, 1889 — Full Solutions to all
the above Examination Papers (except Special Subjects for the Year)
by the following Tutors of University Correspondence College : —
B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond., First in First Class Honours in Classics at

Inter, and B.A., Gold Medallist in Classics at M.A.
W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond., First Class Honoui-s in Classics at B.A.,

French and English Honours at Inter., 2nd in Honours at

Matric, etc.
H. J. Maidment, B.A. 0.\on. and Lond., First Class Honours, etc.
A. J. Wyatt, M.A. Lond., Head of the M.A. List in English and

French, Teacher's Diploma, etc.
L. J. Lhuissier, B.A. Lond., First in Honours at Inter, and Final,

B.-es-Sc.B.-es-L. Paris, also of Stuttgart &Strasburg Universities.
H. E. Just, B.A. Lond., Double Honours in French and German

(1st Class), First in First Class Honours at Inter.
W. H. Low, M.A. Lond. (German and English).
G. Bryan, B.A., Fifth Wrangler, First Class. First Div. in Part II.

Smith's Prizeman, Fellow of Camb. Phil. Soc, etc.
R. W. Stewart, B.Sc. Lond., First in First Class Honours in

Chemistry at Inter. Sc, and First in First Class Horvonrs in

Physics at B.Sc.
J. Welton, M.A. Lond., First of his year in Mentnl and Moral

Science, bracketed First of the H. A.'s at Degree Exam., kc.
Model Solutions to B.A. Papers. 1888 (including Special

Subjects for the Year), by (.Tradnjitcs at the head of the decree

lists in each department. Second and cheaper iss\ie. 2s. 6d.
"The kind of book a student should have by his side diiriiifc hi.s Ia>it we«^k9
of preparation .... Concise, accurate, and complete." - ^'"inf Teocfur.

" It is the first time we have seen so complete a set of answers in s<i excellent
and readable a form." — J'rar/ical Teaelur.

B.A. Examination Papers (in all Subjects), 1899. 6d.

Ready a fortnight after the Ejsamiyiation. B.A. Ermniuation Pajiers
for 1887 {with Avswcrs to theMathenwticalQuestion.^ andaSd^mc
for readina Mental and Moral Science), and for 1888 (tcith aSchei»-
for readitK) Cla.isicfi) , may still be had, price In. each »et.

The B.A. Book Guide, containing Advice to Private Students oi\
the (In lice ol Tcxi-Uooks in all Subjects, iuoluding the Pre-
scribed Authors. 6d. [Puldished tiro yearii hefi>re the Eiant.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

^bc tutorial Scries.— B.H.

B.A. Latin Examination Papers : being the Questions set at
the London B.A. iixamiuatious, 1871 — 1888 (excluding those on
Prescribed Authors), with full Solutions to 1888, and Additional
Questions. 2s.

B.A. Greek Examination Papers : being the Questions set at
the London B.A. Examinations, 1871 — 1887 (excluding those on
Prescribed Authors), with Additional Questions. 2s.

London B.A. Unseens : all being the Passages set for Tbansla-

TioN from Books not prescribed ab the B.A. Examination of the
University of London, together with Schemes for reading in
order of difficulty. 2s.
Synopsis of Roman History to a.t>. 96. Is. 6d. [In preparation.
B.A. French. The Papers set at the London B.A. Examinations
1877 — 1838; with full Solutions to 1888, and Hints on Read-
ing-Books, Grammar, &c., by A. J. Wyatt, M.A. Lond. 2s.
B.A. Mathematics : Questions and Solntions. Containing all
the Pass Papers in Pure Mathematics given at the B.A. Exa-
minations, including 1888, with complete Solutions ; and an
article on Suitable Books for Private Students. 3s.
"The solutions are admirable, and cannot fail to be sufrfrestive even to ex-
perienced mathematicians." — frish Teachers' Journal.

"We can recommend this little volume to all whom it may concern." — Prac-
tical Teacher.
B.A. Mixed Mathematics; being the Papers set at the London

B.A. Examinations, 1874—1888; with full Solutions to 1888,

200 Miscellaneous Examples, and Hints on Text-Books, by G.

Bryan, B.A. 2s.
B.A. Mental and Moral Science. The Papers set at the London

B.A. Examinations, 1871 — 1888; with Solutions to 1888, and

an article on Text-Booka suitable for Private Students, by J.

Welton, :^^.A. Lond. 2s.
Xotabilia of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, by A. J. Wyatt, M.A.

Is. 6d.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

ZTbe tutorial Scriea.— B.a., 18Sa

B.A. Test Papers on Special Classics for 1889. — The Avthors
and Special Periods iu Latiu and Greek. (262 Questions.) 2s.

Juvenal. — Satires III., X., XI. A Translation by a Gold
Medallist in Classics at Loudon M.A. 2s.

A Synopsis of Roman History. 63 B.C.— 14 A.D., with short
Biographies of tlie Giaef Writers of the Period. By W. F.
Masom, B.A. Loud. Is.

Aeschylus. — Agamemnon. A Traxslatiox by a Gold Medallist
iu Classics at London M.A. 2s.

Xenophon. — Oeconomicus. A Tkaxslatiox by B. J. Hayes, M.A.
Loud. 3s.

" This translation deserves the praise of painstaking accuracy."— Prac/Mk»Z
Teacher.

" Private students will welcome the assistance afforded hy this valuable
addition to the 'Tutorial Series." — Teachers' Aid,

A Synopsis of Grecian History, B.C. 382—338, with short
Biographies of tlie Chief Writei's and Statesmen of the Period.
By W. F. Masom, B.A. Loud. Is.

Havelok the Dane. A clo.se Translation into Modern English,
preceded by tlie Additional Notes and Corrections issued in
Prof. Skeat's new edition. By A. J. Wvatt, M.A. Lond. 3s.

" This version will bo a great hoon."— Practical Teacher.

" Of very ^rcat value to students workinit fi]oi\e."~-Bnglish 2'eacher.

ITotes on Spenser's Shepherd's Calender, with an Ixtro-
DUCTiox. By A. J. Wvatt, ^I.A. Loml. 2s.

B.A. English Examination Questions (3t;;<) on the Paas Sub-
jects set for IbbiK 2s.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STSAKD.

^bc tutorial Series —:f6.B., ISOO.

B.A. Test Papers on Special Classics for 1890. — The AuxHORa
and Spkcial Pkkiods in Latin and Greek. 2s.

Cicero. — De Oratore. Book II. A Tbanslatiox by a London
Graduate in First Class Honours, Translator of Sophocles^
Elect ra and Demosthenes'' Androtion. 3s.

Vergil. — Aeneid. Books VII. — X. A Teaxslatiox. BvA.A. Irwix
Xesbit. M.A. 2s.

SyTiopsis of Roman History, A.D. 14 — 96, with short Bio-
graphies ot eminent men, and a History of the Literature of the
Period. By W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond., and A. H. Allcboft,
B.A. Lond. Is.

Aristophanes. — Flatus. Expurgated Text, Ixtroductiox, and
XoTKs. By M. T. Quixx, M.A. Lond. 3s. 6d.

Aristophanes.— Plntns. A Translatio.s by M. T. Quixn, M.A.
Lond. 2s.

Aristophanes. — ^Plutus. Text, Notes, and Teaxslatiox {com-
plete). By M. T. QuiXN, M.A. Lond. 5b.

Thncydides. — Book IV. A Teaxslatiox. By G. F. H. Sykes,
B.A. Land., .Assistant-Examiner in Classics at Lond. Univ.
2s. 6d.

A Synopsis of Grecian History, B.C. 405 — 358, with short
Biographies of the chief Writers and Statesmen of the Period.
By W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond., and A. H. Allcroft, B.A. Is.

Shakespeare. — Hamlet. Edited, with Introduction and Notes,
by W. II. Low, M.A. Lond. Is. 6d.

Dan Michel.— A'!;enbite of Invrit. A Translatiox of the
more dirticult j)a8sagei (^including the whole of pp. 1 — 48), hy
A. .7. Wyatt, M a. Lond., and W. H. Low, M.A. Lond.

The Saxon Chronicle, from 800 to 1001 a.d. A Translation
by W. H. Low, M.A. Lond., and A. J. Wyatt, M.A. Lond.

B.A. English Examination Questions on all the Pass Subjects
set for IS'.Mi. 2s.

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO.. BOOKSELLERS EOW, STPAND.

^bc cTutorial Scries,— :f6. a., ISOl.

(Ready early in 1890.)
B.A. Classical Notabilia for 1891, containing; Hints on Read-
ing, Indication of important passajres, graxumatical peculiarities,
historical allusions, &c., and a List of difficult Greek Verbal
Forms occurring in the prescribed Authors. 2s.

B.A. Test Papers on Special Classics for 1891. The

Ai'THOKS and Special Periods in Latin aiwl Greek. 2s.

Cicero. — De Pinibus, Book I. A Translation'.

Terence. — Adelphi. A Traxslatiox.

Synopsis of Roman History, n.i . 31 — a.i». :^7, with short
Biograpliie.^ of Eminent Men, and a History of the Literature
of the Period. By W. F. Masom, B.A. Lond., and A. H.
Allceoft. B.A. Oxon. Is.

Euripides. — Iphigenia in Tanris. A Translation. By
{}. F. H. .SvKF.s, H.A. Loml., A.-si.stant-E.Kaminer in Classics at
the University of London.

Plato. — Phaedo. A Translatiox.

History of Sicily, it.r. 490— 2S{), from the Tyranny ofGelonto
the Death of Agathocles, with a Synopsis and a History of
Literature. By A. H. Allcroft, B.A., and W. F. Masom, B.A.
Lond. 3s. 6d.

Synopsis of Sicilian History, ii.. . MM L>si). By A. H.
ALi.'KdKT. 15. A.. ;itiil W. F. ,M\-uv. H.A. Lond. Is.

B.A. English Examination Questions un all the Pass Sub-
jects set fur isi'l. 2s.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CIIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

tutorial Scnc5— 3ntcr. Sc. an^ prcL Sci.

Inter. Science and Prelim. Sci. Guide. Xo. I., .July, 1SS9. Is.

■ Contexts : Iiitroduotory Hints—Advice on the Clioice of Text-books by the
Authors of Science Moiiel Answers (see below)— The University Regulations —
The Papers set at tiie Examination.

Science Model Answers-, being Solutions to tbe iNTERiiEDiATE

Science ami Pkei.i-Minary Scientific Examination Papers set
July, 1889. 4s. 6d. The Papers are ausiccred hy —

S. RiDEAL, D.Sc. Lonrl., Gold Medallist in Chemistry at B.Sc,
Assistant Examiner to the Science and ^Vi-t Depai'tment.

H. M. Fernaxdo, M.B., B.Sc. Lond., Second in First Class Honours.
Zoology, and Third in Honours Botany at Inter. Sc. and Prel.
Sci., First Class Honours (deserving of Scholarship) in Physio-
logy at R-Sc. ; Gold ^ledal in Physiology and First Class
Honours in Chemistry at Int. if.B. ; Two Gold ]Medals at M.B.

E. W. Stew.art. B.Sc. Lond., First in First Class Honours in Chemistry
at Inter. Sc.^ and First in First Class Honoui's in Physics at B.Sc.

W. H. Thomas, B.Sc. Ltmd., First in First Class Honours in Chemistry.

G. H. Bryax. B.A., Fifth AV rangier and Smith's Prizeman. . ; .

J. H. DiBB, B.Sc. Lend., Double Honours, ilathematics and Physics.

Science Physics Papers: being the Questions set at the London

Intennediate Science and Preliminary "Scientific Examinations''
for Twentv-one vears, with full Answers to the 1889 Papers, By
R. W. Stewart, B.Sc. Lond. 3s. 6d.

Science Biology Papers : being the Qnestions set at the London

intermediate Science and Preliminary Scientific Examinations
for Twelve Years (those not bearing on the present Syllabus
being denoted by an asterisk), with supplementary Questions
,. -and full Answers to the 1889 Paper, and Advice as to Text-'
books, by H. M. Ferxaxdo, M.B., B.Sc. Lond. Ss. Gd.

Science Chemistry Papers : being the Questions set at the

London Intermediate Science and Preliminary Scieutific Exami-
nations for Twenty-one years, with full Answers to the 1889
Papers, and Advice as to Text-books, by W. H. Thomas, B.Sc.
Lond., and R. W. Stewart, B.Sc. Lond. 3s. 6d.

Analysis of a Simple Salt, with a selection of model Analyses.
"^^^^~~~~^"^^'^^^~"^^^~' [In preparation.

Intermediate Mathematics (for Inter. Sc.) Second edition. 3s.

{F.n- Cn„t,:>,t.< .<r, Ii,l>r. Arts, paged.)

PUBLISHED BYW. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS ROW, STRAND.

LATIN.

Caesar. — Gallic War, Book VII. Vocabularies in order of the
Text, with Test Papers. 6d. ; interleaved, 9d.

Cicero, Pro Cluentio. A Translation. By J. Lockey, M.A.

Lend. 2s.
Cicero, Pro Cluentio. Vocabularies in order of the Text, with

Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.
Horace, The Epistles. A Tkanslatiox. By W. F. Masom, B.A.

Lond. 2s.
Horace, The Epistles. Vocabularie.s in order of the Text, with

Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.

Sallust. — Catiline. Vocabularies in order of the Text, with
Test Papers. 6d. ; interleaved, 9d.

Vergil. — Aeneid, Book I. Vocabularies in order of the Text,
with Test Papers. 6d. ; interleaved, 9d.

Vergil. — Aeneid, Book I. A Literal Translation. Is.

Vergil. — Aeneid, Book V. Vocabularies in order of the Text,

with Test Papers. 6d. ; interleaved, 9d.
Vergil. — Aeneid, Book V. A Literal Translation. Is.

GREEK.

Demosthenes.— Androtion. A Translation. By a London

Graduate in Fir.st Class Honours. 2s.
Homer,— Iliad, Book VI. Edited by B. J. Hayes, M.A. Loud.

P.VRT I.: Text, Intkoduction, and Notes, with an
Appendix on the Homeric Dialect. Is. 6d.

P.VHT II. : VocAitULAUiES in order of the Text, with Test
Papers. Interleaved, Is.

P.\RT III. : A Translation. Is.

Th'.' Three Pavta cotnplctr. 2s. Cd.

PUBLISHED BY W. B. CLIVE & CO., BOOKSELLERS EOW, STRAND.

G'RU'EK—coiilinued.

Homer, Odyssey XVII. Tfjxt, Introduction, and Notes. By

W. F. Masom, B.A. Loud. 2s.
Homer, Odyssey XVII. A Traxslatiox, with an Appendix on

the Hoincric Dialect. 2s. nii ini!,.:
Hom^er, Odyssey XVII. Voc.\BT:tARiE.s in order of the Text.

with Test Fai'eks. Interleaved, Is.
Homer, Odyssey XVII. Complete. Introduction, Text, and

Notes — Vocabularies — Te.st Paper.s — Translation — Appendix.

5s.

Sophocles. — Electra. A Tr.vnslation. By a London Graduate

in First Class Honours. 2s.
Xenophon. — Cyropaedeia, Book I. Vocabularies in order of the

Text, with Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.
Xenophon.— Cyropaedeia, Book V. Vocabularies in order of

the Text, with Test Papers. Interleaved, Is.

ENGLISH.

Alfred's Orosius. A Literal Translation of the more difficult

passages. By .1. Lockey, M.A. Lond. 2s. 6d.
Glossaries to Alfred's Orosius. Is.

Milton's Sonnets. With an Introduction to each Sonnet, and
Notes, together with an account of the Hi8tor\' and Construc-
tion of the S(ynnet, and Examination Questions. By W. F.
Masom, B.A. Lond. Is. 6d.

"This us^-ful little hnoV."— 'Practical Teacher.

"ThisbfKjk will l>e n (treat help to those who are preparing for the forth-
cominfr Iiitcmiediate Examination in Aita at the University of London."—
Educational 2'imes.

Qnestions on English History and Literature. First Series

{'■iLKf) : llisrcry cif Kiit:lanii,H;2.") to 1 <)<;(; (!t7) ; English Litera-
ture, 1625 to 1666 (57;; "King John" (31); Milton (47);
"Religio Medici " (2i) ; Morris and Skeat's Extracts (44). 2s.

»0T

'Univ, Cow. Coll. tutorial Series.

The Tutorial Series consists of Hand-books for the Examinations
of the University of London, and embraces —

Book Guides and Directories (issued periodically) ;
Annotated Editions of Latin, Greek, and English Authors ;
Literal Translations of Latin, Greek, and Old English

Authors ;
Vocabularies to Latin and Greek Classics ;
Synopses of Ancient and Modern History ;
Reprints of Examination Papers ;

Guides to the Study of Latin, Greek, and Mathematics ;
Guides to the Study of Science ; «tc, 4lCc.
The above works are specially prepared to meet the requirements
of the various London University Examinations by Tutors of Uni-
versity Correspondence College.

Among the contributors to this series are the following graduates: —

A.J. Wyatt, M.A. Lend., First of his year in Branch IV. (English

aud French), Teacher's Diploma, Early English Text Society's

Prizeman .

B. J. Hayes, M.A. Lond., First in First-Class Honours in Classics

both at Inter, and B.A., Gold Medallist in Classics at M.A.
W. F. Masoji, B.A. Lond., First-Class Honours (Classics) at B.A.,
Double Honours (French and English) at Inter. Arts, Second in
Honours at Jilatric, University Exhibitioner.
M. T. QuiNN, M.A. Lond., First of his year in Branch I. ; First in
First Class Honours in Classics bot'i at Inter. Arts and B.A.;
Professor at Pachaiyappa's College, Madras ; late Tutor of Uni-
versity Correspondence College.
S. Moses, M.A. Oson. (Double lions.) and Lond., First in Honours at
Matriculation, Exhibitioner in Latin at Inter. Arts, and First
Class Classical Honourman at B.A.
G. F. H. Sykes, B.A. Lond. Classical Honours, Assistant Examiner

at London University.
A. H. Allcrokt, B.A. Oxon., First Class Honours at Moderations

and in Final Classical School.
W. H. Low, M.A. Lond. (German and English).
H. E. Just, B.A. Lond., Double Honours in French and German

(First-Class). First in First-Class Honours at Inter.
J. W ELTON, M.A. Lond.. First of his year in Mental and Moral Science,
bracketed equal as First of the B.A. 'sat Degree Exam., Honours
n French at B.A. and in English at Inter.
G. H. Bryan, B.A., Fifth Wrangler, First Cla^s, First Division, in
Part II., Scholar of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, Fellow o(
the Camb. Phil. Soc.
R. W. Stewart, B.Sc. Lond., First in First Clas<> Honours in Chemistry
at Inter. Sc. and Firet in First Class Honours in Physics at B.Sc.
W. H. Thomas, B.Sc. Loud., First in First Class U^juMwa in
Chemistry. CZ^3>

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Metamorphoses, Book XI;"

See other formats