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MARCH 1968
VOL. 39, NO. 1
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published Bv
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabeth ton, Tenn. 37643
ASSOCIATE EDITOR JOHN WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
"THE SEASON” CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
"STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1967-1968
PRESIDENT ROBERT W. McGOWAN
Rt. 3, Box 86, Collierville, Tenn. 38017
VICE-PRESIDENT EAST TENN J. WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
VICE-PRESIDENT MIDDLE TENN MRS. AMELIA R. LASKEY
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, Tenn. 37215
VICE-PRESIDENT WEST TENN EARL J. FULLER
5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, Tenn. 38117
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE :
EAST TENN CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37204
WEST TENN W. H. BLACKBURN
Rt. 2, Camden, Tenn. 38320
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY MRS. HENRY S. DINKELSPIEL
6519 Massey Lane, Germantown, Tenn. 38038
TREASURER MISS ANNELLA CREECH
1500 Woodmont Blvd., Nashville, Tenn. 37215
Annual dues, $2.50; Sustaining, $5.00; Life, $100.00; Students, $1.00 (Chapters may col-
lect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership (out of State), Li-
braries and Subscribers $2.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers may be had from the
Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change in address.
Pulished quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by The King
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 39 MARCH 1968 NO. 1
SUMMER OCCURRENCE OF BLUE GROSBEAKS
IN MIDDLE TENNESSEE
By Katherine A. Goodpasture
During the past ten or more years field workers in the Nashville area have
been watching with interest the increasing occurrence of Blue Grosbeaks
{Giuraca caerulea) during the summer. Participation in the Breeding-Bird
Survey, 1966 and 1967, has stimulated observation over a wider radius and
the records deriving from these Surveys begin to fill blank spots in our knowl-
edge of this bird as a breeding species in Middle Tennessee.
I am not aware of an earlier nesting record of Blue Grosbeaks for Tennessee
than that of Warriner for McNairy County, 11 June 1945.^ This location was
a few miles north of the Mississippi state line and just west of the Tennessee
River. Howell reported the first nest of the species in Knox County in 1951.^
Esipecially pertinent to the present discussion is the record of a Blue Grosbeak
observed by Ben B. Coffey, Jr., 28 June 195 8 near Waynesboro (personal
communication) .
In the Nashville area of Middle Tennessee Mr. Jim Robbins verbally re-
ported having seen a Blue Grosbeak at Richland Creek near the city limit
during mid-summer 1950 and 1951. On 2 July 1952 a male Blue Grosbeak
was reported from the South Harpeth Valley at Bedford Creek 20 miles south-
west of the city.^ Mrs. Faitoute watched a singing Blue Grosbeak inside the
city, June and July 1962.^ First evidence of the species breeding in the Nash-
ville area was found 21 July 1962 when adults fed a young bird out of the
nest in the same Bedford Creek area as cited above. ^ A year later, 30 June 1963,
a nest with 3 eggs was found in the same area.® Between 1963 and 1967 no
additional local nest has come to light but Mike Bierly observed adults feeding
a young bird out of the nest at Radnor Lake, 31 July 1967 (see P. 15). Blue
Grosbeaks are reported regularly in spring and irregularly during the summer
within 20 miles of Nashville (Castles, Creech, Palmer, Wood, et al.). Today,
reports of a Blue Grosbeak are no longer a surprise or "automatically question-
able” in what is loosely called the Nashville area but the spotty pattern of our
field work has led us to assume an equally irregular distribution of grosbeaks.
The Breeding-Bird Survey instituted by the Fish and Wildlife Service in
1966 extended our observations systematically over Middle Tennessee from the
Tennessee River to the foothills of the Cumberland Plateau and from Alabama
to the Kentucky state line. One survey route ran from Dover in Stewart
County eastward; others ran through White House and Bethpage; two in the
[VoL. 39, 1968]
2
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
east ran southward from Bradyville and from Tullahoma; in the western sec-
tion one route ran through Lewis County; others extended eastward from Col-
linwood in Wayne County, southward in Giles from Camphellsville; and one
through Marshall County; all these in addition to three closer to Nashville in
Williamson, Cheatham, and Hickman Counties. The bird population on these
12 routes was surveyed during June 1966 and 1967 by methods conforming to
the nation-wide program and it is anticipated they will be surveyed similarly
in the future.
Of 11 routes surveyed in Middle Tennessee in 1966 a total of eleven Blue
Grosbeaks was reported on three routes (KAG). Five were found on a route
running from Collinwood eastward toward Lawrenceburg; five were on a
route in Giles County running from Campbellsville almost to the Alabama
line and one was reported from near Bethpage northeast of Nashville. Mary
Wood has communicated that she saw five grosbeaks on her scouting trip of
the Bradyville route, 1966, but did not see any on the day of the survey.
In 1967 Blue Grosbeaks were reported on three of 12 routes. The species
was added to two routes in 1967: one bird was reported from Lewis County by
George Mayfield, Jr., another from Williamson County by Annella Creech.
For the second year five grosbeaks were reported on the Collinwood route
(KAG). In addition two grosbeaks were observed on this route that could not
be reported on the survey. On the Campbellsville route likewise five grosbeaks
were again observed but not a single one was reportable and three Blue Gros-
beaks were observed but not reportable in the Bethpage area (KAG). In sum-
mary in 1966 eleven Blue Grosbeaks were reported from Middle Tennessee on
the Breeding-Bird Survey; five non-reportable birds were observed on one
route. In 1967 seven grosbeaks were reported on three Mid-State surveys and
10 additional individuals observed on the routes were not reportable.
DISCUSSION
The above summer records of Blue Grosbeaks in Middle Tennessee deriving
from the Breeding-Bird Surveys through two breeding seasons indicate a stable
breeding population southwest of Nashville to the Tennessee River and the
Alabama line. There also appears to be an established breeding population
northeast of Nashville. It is not surprising to find Blue Grosbeaks in Wayne,
Lawrence and Giles Counties but to find five grosbeaks on each of two routes
in this area on the first Survey was surprising. It is a satisfaction to begin to
establish a pattern for this species as a breeding bird as well as to confirm what
was reasonable.
By statistical analysis of reports from all over eastern United States, Rob-
bins and Van Velzen projected a map in "The Breeding Bird Survey 1966”
which shows Tennessee to be on a critical line along which change in the range
and abundance of Blue Grosbeaks may be taking place. Production of this
map is an exquisite example of what can be done with a vast volume of data
when modern methods of analysis can be applied. For the next few years it
will be of interest to watch Middle Tennessee as an area where the Blue Gros-
beak is probably not at the present time stabilized as a breeding species.
Mr. Coffey’s record of a singing Blue Grosbeak near Waynesboro on 28
June 195 8 helps significantly to bridge the gap between Warriner’s first nest
in McNairy County, 1945, and the Surveys of 1966-1967 which indicate an
established breeding population in Wayne, Lawrence and Giles Counties. The
Breeding-Bird Surveys cannot look backward to comment on the rate at which
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
3
the species has moved northward from the Mississippi and Alabama lines but
the 1966 and 1967 surveys do set a scale by which change in the range and
abundance of Blue Grosbeaks as a breeding species can be measured in 1970,
in 1975 or in the year 2000,
REFERENCES
1. Warriner, Benjamin R. Some observations on the Blue Grosbeak. THE
MIGRANT. 1945, 16(2): 24-26.
2. Howell, J. C. Nest of the Blue Grosbeak {Gtiiraca cacrulea) in Knox
County, Tennessee. THE MIGRANT. 1951, 22(3): 44.
3. Goodpasture, Katherine A. The Season, THE MIGRANT. 1951, 22 (3); 46.
4. Faitoute, Mrs. Ralph. Blue Grosbeak in Nashville. THE MIGRANT. 1962,
33(3): 52.
5. Goodpasture, Katherine A., Douglass, Larry and Bishop, Earl. Blue Gros-
beak with young in the South Harpeth Valley. THE MIGRANT. 1962,
33(4): 72-73.
6. Goodpasture, Katherine A. Blue Grosbeak nest in Basin Spring Area. THE
MIGRANT. 1964, 35 (1): 21.
7. Robbins, Chandler S. and Van Velzen, Willet T. The Breeding Bird Survey
1966. Fish and "Wildlife Service. Special Scientific Report, Wildlife No.
102. Washington, D. C. 1967.
3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville 37215.
NEW STAFF MEMBER
The Editorial Staff is pleased to introduce a new member, Mr. Jon E.
DeVore. He has been an active member of the Chattanooga Chapter of T.O.S.
in recent years and will assume the duties of State Count Compiler. Mr.
DeVore will organize the state '^Christmas Season Bird Counts” and the '^Spring
Field Days” His responsibilities will include the editing and compiling of
individual chapter counts.
Send your ^^Spring Field Days” counts for 1968 to:
MR. JON DeVORE, 4922 Sarasota Drive,
Hixson, Tennessee 37343.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
4
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
THE 1967 BREEDING BIRD SURVEYS
WEST TENNESSEE — By Lula C. Coffey
Twelve surveys were made in West Tennessee. They are designated as: Tip-
tonville, Pawpaw, Moscow, Brownsville, Tibbs, Whiteville, Big Sandy, Mans-
field, Sweet Lips, Silerton, Trenton, and Humboldt. A total of 77 species were
listed. 18 species were found on all routes. These, with total numbers, were:
Bobwhite, 5 86; Mourning Dove, 679; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 73; Barn Swal-
low, 262; Blue Jay, 3 05; Common Crow, 201; Mockingbird, 462; Brown
Thrasher, 69; Loggerhead Shrike, 38; Starling, 336; Yellowthroat, 234; Yellow-
breasted Chat, 122; House Sparrow, 1261 (563 on one route) ; Eastern Meadow-
lark, 491; Red-winged Blackbird, 700; Orchard Oriole, 65; Common Crackle,
781; Cardinal, 566; Indigo Bunting, 3 3 3.
The following was seen on one survey only: Common Egret, 1 (Hum-
boldt); Mallard, 6 (Tiptonville) ; Wood Duck, 1 (Tiptonville) ; Red-shoul-
dered Hawk, 1 (Moscow); Sparrow Hawk, 1 (Tibbs); Least Tern, 1 (Paw-
paw); Nighthawk, 3 (Humboldt); Warbling Vireo, 1 (Tiptonville); Swain-
son’s Warbler, 1 (Whiteville).
The White-eyed Vireo was found on 1 1 surveys, a total of 3 8. Red-eyed
Vireo on 5 routes, total 9. Yellow-throated Vireo was found on only two
routes, total 4.
In addition to Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat and Swainson’s Warbler,
the only other warbler listed was Prothonotary Warbler, 8 (5 routes).
Blue Grosbeaks were of special interest. A total of 10 were seen: Whiteville,
2(1 stop); Big Sandy, 2 (2 stops); Mansfield, 1, and Humboldt, 5 (5 stops).
672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 38107.
MIDDLE TENNESSEE — By Katherine Goodpasture
Between 4 June and 23 June 1967 Middle Tennessee Breeding-Bird Sur-
veyors enthusiastically tackled their routes for the second year. Sue Bell, Mike
Bierly, Aninella Creech, John Ellis, George Mayfield, Mary Wood and Katherine
Goodpasture assisted by William Bell, Jr., Ruth Castles, Larry Copes, Milbry
Dugger, Adele Elam, Evelyn Ellis, Erlene Elmore, William and Mary L. Fuqua,
Henrietta MoCrary, Harry Monk, Fannie Murphy, and David Patterson worked
diligently to record a statistically significant sample of the breeding bird popu-
lation in Middle Tennessee from Alabama to the Kentucky state line between
86°-88® longitude. Routes are established in Wayne, Lawrence, Giles, Marshall,
Williamson, Davidson and Cheatham Counties; in Hickam, Lewis, Stewart,
Sumner, Robertson, Cannon and Coffee Counties. This scatter of routes is
well distributed over Middle Tennessee. The routes are run on roads and in
directions designated by chance so that the survey represents as nearly as pos-
sible an unbiased sample of the breeding bird population.
In general the weather was open and favorable. One survey was hindered
somewhat by heavy fog in the early morning and by intermittent light showers
during the last part of the survey period. One pocket of terrain on this route
which gave records of 3 Whip-poor-wills and 2 Chuck-will’s-widows in 1966
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
5
did not yield a single cluck from a single goatsucker under the weight of
heavy fog, 1967.
A total of 11,363 individuals of 89 species was reported. This was an in-
crease of 2,374 individuals and 8 species over the 1966 surveys. In 1967 twelve
species were reported from only one route: 3 Wood Ducks, 1 Great Blue
Heron, 1 Turkey, 1 Cooper’s Hawk and 1 Red-shouldered Hawk, 2 Chuck-
will’s-widows, 1 House Wren, 1 Worm-eating W arbler, 1 Ovenbird, 1 Ameri-
can Redstart, 1 Bachman’s Sparrow and 1 Lark Sparrow.
The twenty-five species reported on each of the 12 routes may be considered
well distributed over Middle Tennessee as are 1 1 species found on all save one.
Species found on all routes are: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Chimney Swift, Red-
bellied Woodpecker, Eastern Phoebe, Eastern Wood Pewee, Barn Swallow, Blue
Jay, Common Crow, Tufted Titmouse, Mockingbird, Catbird, Brown Thrasher,
Bluebird, Loggerhead Shrike, Starling, White-eyed Vireo, Kentucky Warbler,
Eastern Meadowlark, Red-winged Blackbird, Common Crackle, Summer Tana-
ger. Cardinal, Indigo Bunting, Chipping Sparrow and Field Sparrow. Species
found on all routes except one are: Mourning Dove, Eastern Kingbird, Great
Crested Flycatcher, Carolina Wren, Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat, House
Sparrow, Orchard Oriole, Brown-headed Cowbird, American Goldfinch, and
Rufous-sided Towhee.
Species often showing a somewhat spotty distribution are Whip-poor-will
found on 6 routes. Blue Grosbeak on 3, Dickcissel on 6 and Grasshopper Spar-
row on 4 routes. It is interesting that only 1 House Wren was reported
( Marshall County) ; Bewick’s Wrens were reported on 9 routes and Carolina
Wrens on eleven.
Sixteen species of warblers were reported from Middle Tennessee: Black-
and-white W arbler, Prothonotary Warbler, Worm-eating Warbler, Blue-winged
Warbler, Parula Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, Yellow- throated
Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Ovenbird, Louisiana Waterthrush, Kentucky Warbler,
Yellowthroat, Yellow-breasted Chat, Hooded Warbler and American Redstart.
Incidentally all these Warblers have been reported breeding in the small Basin
Spring area through the past years.
It is not at the present time significant that 7 species. Great Blue Heron,
Cooper’s Hawk and Broad-winged Hawks, House Wren, Ovenbird and Balti-
more Oriole, were reported in 1967 but not in 1966, or conversely that Black-
crowned Night Heron, Barred Owl, Horned Lark and White-breasted Nuthatch
were reported in 1966 and not in 1967. The foregoing paragraphs in general
treat distribution of various species but not their abundance. One chief objec-
tive of the whole program is to watch for any change in the abundance of any
species that may appear as years go by.
A review such as this is more of interest than significance at the present
time but it indicates in small measure the volume of information being gathered
and stored for meaningful analysis in the future. I would also point out that
this information from Middle Tennessee fits into a mosaic of data from all
over the United States. I want to express appreciation not only for the work
done by the surveying crew in Middle Tennessee but also to the groups in
East and West Tennessee who have contributed to this fascinating program of
bird study so well organized by Mr. Chandler Robbins and Mr. W. T. Van
Velzen of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville, 37215.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
6
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
EAST TENNESSEE — By J. C. Howell
In 1966, the Migratory Bird Population Station, a unit of the U. S. Bureau
of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, organized and administered The Breeding Bird
Survey. The chief aim of this survey was to gather information which would
make it possible to measure population changes of breeding birds. Students of
birds in 26 eastern states and four Canadian provinces participated in this
project.
Tennessee ornithologists took part in the bird counts made during this first
year and were asked to conduct counts on 42 routes. Eighteen of these 42
routes lie in the eastern section of the state. In 1966, counts were completed
along 15 of the 18 routes. In 1967, counts were taken on all of the 18 routes.
The data gathered during the counts made in these two years can be used to
measure population levels in this part of the state and also to compare this
region with other regions of the state and continent.
This article is concerned with the 18 routes lying in eastern Tennessee. It
was written to present some of the information obtained during these counts.
The counts are used to indicate differences in population level between the
two years, the routes, the observers and some of the species.
Differences in observers were often accompanied by pronounced differences
in the number of individuals counted from the same route. Counts were made
over five routes by different observers in 1966 and 1967. On one route the
difference between the totals of individuals counted by the two observers was
5 5 per cent. The percentage differences between the totals counted by the two
observers on each of the five routes ranged from five to fifty-five and the
median was twenty-two. These differences seem not to have been due to dif-
ferences between the two years as is indicated below in the comparison between
the two years.
Differences in the number of individuals counted in the years 1966 and
1967 seem to have been less pronounced than those due to differences between
observers. Counts were made from ten of the 18 eastern routes in Tennessee
by the same observer in both years. The highest per cent of difference between
the two counts in these ten instances was 16. The range in the per cents of
difference was from less than one to sixteen and the median was seven-and-
a-half.
Different routes had special characteristics which resulted in counts that
were unlike those of any other route even when the same observer made the
counts. The 18 counts provide only limited information on the effect of dif-
ferent routes on the size of the counts obtained. To compare differences be-
tween routes it is desirable to have counts from different routes made by the
same observer. J. M. Campbell counted individuals from routes T32 and T34
in both years. In 1966, route T34 had 24 per cent more individuals than T32
and in 1967, T34 had 18 per cent more. In both years I counted individuals
from routes T37 and T39. In 1966, T37 had seven per cent more than T39
and in 1967, T37 had 21 per cent more.
Differences in the number of individuals counted vary between species as
well as between routes, observers, and years. Analyzing these differences re-
quires that the counts from which the data are derived be as similar as possible.
In 1967, there were 18 counts available for comparison. Not all of these counts
were suitable for comparison with those of 1966. Three of the 1967 counts
were made from routes for which no counts were obtained in 1966, and the
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
7
counts from five routes were made by different observers in 1966 and 1967.
These eight routes were considered unsuited to a study of the variations in
numbers in individuals between the two years. All 18 counts can be used in
comparisons of counts from larger areas where differences between observers
will tend to balance one another.
Counts from 10 of the 18 routes in eastern Tennessee were conducted by
the same observer in 1966 and 1967, and they form the basis for the compari-
sons which follow. The numbers of these 10 routes are T25, T27, T28, T32,
T33, T34, T37, T41, and T42. In 1966, a total of 8,069 individuals belonging
to 91 species was counted from these 10 routes. In 1967, the totals were 8,062
individuals and 99 species. The difference in the number of individuals counted
between the two years seems too small to be significant. The increase in the
number of species recorded in 1967 is probably the result of an increase in the
ability of the observers to recognize the unusual species by their songs.
Table I compares the 20 species for which the highest number of individuals
was counted in 1966 and 1967. The total numbers of individuals counted of
these 20 species during each year is virtually identical. This seems to indicate
that the capacity to support bird populations was the same in both years in
the areas where counts were made. Despite the similarity between the two
years when all or a group of species are considered, an examination of particular
species shows that most of them differed in the numbers observed in the two
years. Two of the 20 species included in the 1966 list, the Red-eyed Vireo and
the Yellowthroat, were counted less often in 1967 than two other species, the
Chipping Sparrow and the Rufous-sided Towhee.
In 1966, more Starlings were counted than any other species, although
Common Crackles were reported almost as often. In 1967, the number of
Starlings counted dropped by 28 per cent, while the number of Common
Crackles increased by seven per cent. In 1967, fewer Starlings were observed
on eight of the ten routes indicating that the decrease was general over the
region as well as being pronounced in extent. The underlying factors responsi-
ble for this decline are perhaps numerous and are unstudied. Should the Starling
continue to decline in this region it is reasonable to suppose that an increase
in competing native species might result. Certain species which are frequently
associated with Starlings and might be influenced by its decrease showed popu-
lation increases in 1967. These include the Common Crackle, Eastern Meadow-
lark, House Sparrow, Eastern Bluebird and Yellow-shafted Flicker.
Another species in which there occurred a marked decline in the number
of individuals counted in 1967 was the Chimney Swift. In this species the
counts were lower on eight of the ten routes.
The number of Red-eyed Vireos counted dropped by 23 per cent and lower
counts were made on eight of the nine routes on which the species was present.
In the following species listed in Table I the number of individuals counted
increased in 1967 by more than 10 per cent and increases were noted on at
least two- thirds of the routes on which they were present: Eastern Meadow-
lark, Mockingbird, Field Sparrow, Barn Swallow and Robin.
A few species not appearing in Table I and one group of species underwent
changes during these two years which seem to merit comment. Yellow-shafted
Flicker numbers increased from 36 to 6 5 and on seven of the eight routes on
which a change occurred. Rough-winged Swallows increased from 12 to 3 5
[VoL. 39, 1968]
8
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
TABLE 1
Twenty Most Frequently Counted Bird Species in 1966 and 1967
Ranked by Totals Obtained on Ten Routes in Eastern Tennessee.
1966
1967
Kank Name
Total
% of
change'''^
Kank Name
T otal
1
Starling
894
—28
1
C. Crackle
923
2
C. Crackle
866
+7
2
Starling
640
3
I. Bunting
362
+ 11
3
E. Meadowlark
404
4
E. Meadowlark
353
+ 14
4
I. Bunting
401
5
Cardinal
333
+ 12
5
Cardinal
373
6
C. Crow
329
—1
6
House Sparrow
332
7
House Sparrow
285
+ 16
7
C. Crow
326
8
C. Swift
267
^ —40
8
Mockingbird
276
9
Bob white
261
—1
9
Bobwhite
259
10
Mockingbird
248
+ 11
10
Field Sparrow
247
11
Field Sparrow
209
+ 18
11
Barn Swallow
239
12
Y.-b. Chat
196
—12
12
M. Dove
218
13
R.-w. Blackbird
195
—18
13
Blue Jay
181
14
Barn Swallow
192
+ 24
14
Y.-b. Chat
173
15
M. Dove
183
+ 19
15
Robin
171
16
Blue Jay
167
+ 8
16
C. Swift
161
17
Wood Thruh
144
+ 2
17
R.-w. Blackbird
159
18
R.-e. Vireo
137
—23
18
Wood Thrush
147
19
Robin
132
+ 30
19
Chipping Sparrow
132
20
Yellowthroat
131
—9
20
R.-s. Towhee
121
5,884
5,883
"The per cent of change column refers to the species in the order of the 1966 list and indi-
cates the gain or loss in per cent of the 1966 total which occurred in 1967.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
9
and on four of six routes. Orchard Orioles increased from 5 3 to 76 and on
five of seven routes. A striking decrease occurred in the group of warbler
species among which 16 of the 21 species pemitting comparisons between the
two years showed a decrease. Among the warblers only the Kentucky Warbler
showed an increase that might be significant. Its number increased from 28
to 40 and increases occurred on five of seven routes.
This report could not have been prepared without the cooperation of the
observers responsible for making the counts in this area. Also, I am indebted
to the Tennessee Breeding Bird Survey Coordinator, Dr. Katherine Goodpasture,
and to C. S. Roibbins and W. T. Van Velzen of the U. S. D. I. Migratory
Bird Population Station for making information available to me. The 1967
cooperators and the routes from which they made counts are as follows: F. J.
Alsop, T26; J. K. Burbonk, T31; J. M. Campbell, T32 and T34; K. H. Dubke,
T29, T3 5, and T36; Mrs. W. L. Fenn, T27; T. W. Finucane, T42; M. Grigsby,
T3 8; J. C. Howell, T37, T39, and T40'; W. J. Jones, T25 ; Mrs. W. R. Nevius,
T41; Mrs. M. Swindell, T33 ; and Mrs. A. H. West, T28 and T30.
An excellent report summarizing much of the information obtained in
the counts made during the first year entitled ”The Breeding Bird Survey
1966/’ Special Scientific Report — ^Wildlife No. 102, U. S. D. I., was prepared
by C. S. Robbins and W. T. Van Velzen. It is based on counts made from
5 85 routes located in 26 eastern states and four Canadian provinces. This
report provides remarkably detailed information on the distribution and rela-
tive abundance of many species of birds. For certain species maps indicate
its relative abundance in the area included in the 1966 survey. Future plans
include an extension of area covered to include all of the contiguous states.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville 37916.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
10
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
ROUND TABLE NOTES
WHITE PELICAN IN EAST TENNESSEE— At the Knoxville Chapter,
TOS meeting on 4 Oct. 1967, Mr. Bill Williams of Maryville reported a White
Pelican {Pelicajtns erytJororhynchos) had appeared on a farm pond belonging to
a Dr. Ramsey in Blount County, Tennessee, between Friendsville and Louisville.
Several members of Knoxville Chapter, TOS made visits to see the bird.
On Friday, 20 October, at 4:3 0 p.m. a call was received by this writer
from Mrs. James DuBose, owner of Andersonville Boat Dock which is just
over the Anderson-Union County line in Union County on State Highway No.
61 north of Norris; she called to say a very large white bird had arrived in
the harbor there at 2:30 p.m. and they could not identify it. We went im-
mediately to the boat dock and discovered a White Pelican standing on the
shoreline across the harbor preening. Gordon Hall and Dr. Frank Holland
(game biologists with TVA’s Fish and Game Section) arrived shortly and
had with them a B&L 60-power scope. It permitted me to approach within
three hundred yards then without any show of alarm, stepped into the water
and slowly swam away. It swam to a point closer to the boat dock and again
got out of the water. The next day Mr. Hall and another TVA employee re-
turned to the boat dock and by boat approached the bird close enough to
secure excellent pictures and a few colored slides. The pelican never exhibited
any alarm or fright of people — permitting boats and people to approach quite
close.
The bird remained in their area until Sunday, 5 November, when it left
at 8:3 0 a.m. and has not been seen since. Saturday, 4 November, had been
quite cold in this area and some sections near Norris had snow flurries and
gale winds early that morning.
MRS. EARL F. OLSON, Norris 37828.
LAUGHING GULL AT CHATTANOOGA— While in the course of
regular field work on the morning of 2 5 March 1967 the writer identified what
is believed to have been a Laughing Gull {Lams atricilla) . Location of the
sighting was approximately one mile above Chickamauga Dam, on a sandbar
adjacent to the south shore of Lake Chickamauga. Due to the water level being
down, an area approximately twenty-five feet long by twelve feet wide was
exposed. This spot has in the past been frequented not only by gulls, but also
ducks and occasionally shorebirds. The small island is about forty yards from
the shore and accessible only by boat. On the morning of the sighting the
weather was clear, with widely scattered clouds to the west. The temperature
was 49°F and thre was a slight breeze coming from the west. Light conditions
all morning were excellent.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
11
The bird itself was first noted, through 7x3 5 binoculars, resting among nine
Ring-billed Gulls {Lams delawarensis) . At first it was thought the bird was
a Bonaparte’s Gull {Lams Philadelphia) , which occurs here frequently in the
winter and spring months. But the bird’s size, being equal to that of the Ring-
billed Gulls, gave rise to question that assumption. The bird was then brought
under observation with 2 Ox and 3 Ox spotting scope. It was immediately noted
that the legs were a deep crimson red in color. The bill color was also a distinct
crimson red color, but somewhat lighter than the legs. The bill color, being red,
eliminated the possibility of the bird being a Bonaparte’s Gull as that species
has a black bill in all plumages. By this time the bird had been under observa-
tion for fifteen minutes and had not moved except to raise its head. It was
decided at this time to try to "flush” the bird so a view could be had of
its back. After throwing several rocks into the water three of the Ring-billed
Gulls flew away and the remaining birds became restless, moving around and
raising their wings as if ready to fly. On two occasions the bird under observa-
tion extended its wings outward and above its body. It was noted that the
mantle was a slate gray color, being continuous to the black wing tips. This
color pattern is distinctly that of the Laughing Gull and is different from
the nearly identical Franklin’s Gull ( Larus pipixcan ) which has a white bar
separating the gray mantle from the black wing tips.
Due to the importance of this record, Mr. Kenneth Dubke and Mr. Roy
Evenson were contacted so they might confirm the record. Due to intervening
circumstances they were unable to go to the area until the morning of the
27th. By some form of luck the bird was still there. They too noted the red
color of the bill, the deeper red color of the legs, and the size in comparison
with the Ring-billed Gulls. They were, however, unable to flush the bird and
observe the color of the mantle and the wing tips. They could note, though,
that the back was a slate gray, even with the wings folded in.
This sighting represents the first Chattanooga area record for this species.
The bird was observed for approximately one hour by the writer on the morn-
ing of the 2 5 th and approximately one hour by Mr. Dubke and Mr. Evenson on
the morning of the 27th.
JON E. DeVORE, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson 37343.
CHICKADEES HATCH AND RAISE A BLUEBIRD— At my place near
Brentwood, Tenn., I have two bluebird boxes. One on a fence post near the
house, the other on a post at the garden. On 4 March 1967, I noticed a pair
of Eastern Bluebirds {Sialia sialis ) going in and out of the box at the garden.
By 17 March there was nesting material in this box. However, on 30 March
I was surprised to find two bluebird eggs in the other box that is near the
house. When checking this box later I thought that the eggs had disappeared,
but, on close inspection, found them under newer nesting material. Further
observations showed a pair of Carolina Chickadees {Larus carolinensis ) both
going in and out of the box and chasing the pair of bluebirds away! By 1 1
April there were the two bluebird eggs, plus three chickadee eggs in a nicely
made nest in the box. Brooding must have started immediately because on 22
April one bluebird and the three chickadee eggs hatched. Later, the second
bluebird egg proved to be addled. The chickadees faithfully fed their three
babies and the much larger bluebird youngster. All four thrived, and I last
saw them in the nest on 5 May. On 7 May I returned after a weekend away
[VoL. 39, 1968]
12
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
and found the box empty. Afterward, I saw parent chickadees feeding a family
of three youngsters many times, but never saw a young bluebird with them.
The adult bluebirds nested in the other box and raised four young that left
the nest 12 May.
FANNY MURPHY, Route 2, Brentwood 37027.
UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR OF A YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON
— On 11 July 1967, the writer saw an immature Yellow-crowned Night Heron
(Nyctanassa violaccea) catch a five-inch Israeli Carp in water that he knew to
be fully 10 feet in depth (by previous drainings) and fly with it about 400
feet to a perch.
For the past three summers Joe Bush has both sold and used the Israeli
Carp at Bush Lake, as they seem to eat only aquatic plants they have proved
highly beneficial in keeping fishing lakes clean. During late June and early
July, the writer several times saw odd schools of these fish in the large lake. The
schools seemed to be compact surface masses of 5 to 6 inch fish, slowly swim-
ming as a unit 18 to 24 inches wide and 5 to 7 feet in length. The fish are so
tightly packed that many would be pushed far enough above the surface for
an inch of their backs and sides to show. It seems logical that the caught fish
must have been from such a school.
About 10:30 a.m. the writer was watching a Black Tern through 7x 50
binoculars as it flew about the lake. As it neared the center his attention was
attracted to a large brown bird that seemed to be hovering for an instant just
over the surface, then a small splash. The bird flew just above the water di-
rectly toward the car. When nearly 40 feet away, it perched about four feet
above the water on a fallen willow tree. It held an Israeli Carp (that seemed
about five inches long) crossways in its bill. It remained in a frozen position
for a couple of minutes as the writer studied the bright markings of the fish
and the plumage of an immature Yellow-crowned Night Heron.
HENRY E. PARMER, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
VERMILION FLYCATCHER AT REELFOOT— 27 December 1967,
Clarence McCollum and I saw a Vermilion Flycatcher {Pyrocephalus rtihinus)
at the Long Point boat house on Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge.
After studying the picture and description in Peterson’s Field Guide, I am
certain of the identification. The bird was an adult male. The flaming red
head and underparts and the dark wings were identical to those shown in the
field guide.
The flycatcher would perch upon the rudder rod of one of the boats and
then fly and hover over the water just inside the boathouse and pick insects
off the water surface. The water surface outside the boat house was frozen.
The bird was quite unwary, allowing me to approach to within about 10 feet,
so I was able to get a good look at it. We were in and around the boat house
for about half an hour and the flycatcher was still there when we left.
The Vermilion Flycatcher has been observed before at Reelfood Lake. Arlo
Smith reported an observation 15 October 1961 (THE MIGRANT 36-1,
1965). John DeLime and Walden Fickle also observed one near the south end
of Reelfoot Lake that same fall.
GUY E. HOGG, Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge, Samburg.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
13
RED PHALAROPES NEAR CHATTANOOGA— On 12 December 1967
at the Savannah Bay area of Chickmauga Lake I observed two Red Phalaropes
(Phalaropus ftdicarms ) in definitive basic plumage. When first located at 1:00
p.m. the sky was overcast, but before leaving at 2:15 p.m. it had broken
somewhat allowing the sun to shine. The winter sun was to the rear and low
in the sky with the viewing distance generally 100 to 150 yards through the
3 5x scope.
Shortly after being found, one of the birds stretched its wings revealing a
white stripe and lack of a white rump. This ruled out a Wilson’s Phalarope
{Steganopus tricolor) . The remainder of the time was occupied in an attempt
to separate them between the Red and Northern (Lohipes lobatus) species.
They were exceedingly active as they would spin and feed. The bills appeared
black and more blunt than needle-like. Once, when the sun broke through,
one of the birds was feeding out of the water and on the mud. It’s legs ap-
peared similar in color to a nearby Least Sandpiper’s (Erolia minutilla) . Dur-
ing the entire time under observation there was nothing to hint these birds
had a streaked back as one would expect from a Northern Phalarope.
That night a thorough search was made in all available books to ascertain
the identification. The plates by Robert Verity Clem and species accounts by
Ralph S. Palmer in The Shorebirds of North America (The Viking Press,
Inc., New York, 1967) further confirmed my observation of Red Phalaropes.
Jon DeVore was notified and found the birds the following day. They were
in the same general area and at a much more convenient location for viewing.
He was able to approach them to only 15-20 feet and leisurely study their
plumage for forty-five minutes with good light through his 2 Ox scope. DeVore
concurred with my observations, however, he was never able to view the legs
or extended wings.
KENNETH H. DUBKE, 3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga 37411.
WHISTLING SWANS IN KNOX COUNTY— On 9 December 1967,
10:15 A.M. I was walking down a road at the University of Tennessee Plant
Science Farm toward Fort Loudon Lake, which was about 15 0 yards from
me, when I saw four large white birds coming in low on the near side of
the lake.
I approached within 100 yards of the shore where I could clearly see the
birds, w^hich were 5 0 yards out on the lake. I identified the four birds with
a 5 OX telescope. They were adult Whistling Swans ( Oior coliimbianus) . The
bill was not knobbed or orange as that of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) , but
black. I could not see a yellow spot on the lores, as the Whistling Swan
sometimes has. The Whistling Swans were in shallow water near stumps by
a sandbar (the river was low) . They were not active, but stayed in the
same place, preening their feathers and resting.
I watched the swans for one hour and a half until noon. Returning home,
I called Paul Par due, who left for the Plant Science Farm immediately and
saw the swans. Dr. J. C. Howell and Mrs. E. E. Overton also saw the birds
and verified my identification. The birds were not observed further in Knox-
ville, but Kenneth Dubke of Chattanooga observed four Whistling Swans on
[VoL. 39, 1968]
14
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
the Hiwassee River at Candies Creek on 12-13 Dec. and Bill Allen, Game and
Fish Commission waterfowl biologist, saw four swans fly over Hiwassee Island
Waterfowl Refuge on 16 Dec.
Between 1911 and 1959 there have been ten reported sightings of the
Whistling Swan in Tennessee (THE MIGRANT, 3 0:56, 1959 and Wilson
Bulletin, 41:97, 1929), including two birds shot near Knoxville on the Little
Tennessee River on 8 Dec. 1926. Normally Whistling Swans migrate along the
coastal states and winter from Massachusetts to North Carolina.
CHRIS Me MILLAN, 2761 Lindsay Place, Knoxville 37919.
(EDITOR’S NOTE: The Basham-Halverson party observed six birds at Wood’s Hole near
Tullahoma on 3 January 1964, THE MIGRANT 3 5:16, 1964.)
TWO ALBINO ICTERIDS COLLECTED FROM NORTHEASTERN
ARKANSAS — Plumage aberrations are fairly common among icterids and
have attracted the attention of several previous observers. Detailed studies
have been made by Mueller and Hutt (1941), Nero (1954), and Whitaker
(1960). Deane (1876) wrote that the most interesting and striking cases of
albinism are found among the Icteridae and Corvidae. Edson (1928) records
an unusual flock of Brewer’s Blackbirds {Etiphagus cyanocephalns) with a
high incidence of plumage aberrations o fwhich perhaps more than 40 per cent
of the flock showed incomplete albinism. Albinism in the Common Grackle
(OuiscalMs quscula) was reported by Wilson (193 0) and there is one
record reported in the literature of an albino Brown-headed Cowbird (Mo/o-
thnis ater) (Robinson, 1 888). Numerous records of icterids with various
feather aberrations have been reported from sight records and some specimens
with various feather aberrations occur in various museums in this country.
Two albino iceterids were collected southwest of Jonesboro near Gibson
Switch of Craighead County, Arkansas. The first specimen, a Common Grackle,
was taken from a flock of Common Crackles in November of 1963. A second
albino Common Grackle occurred. This specimen was collected by Robert
Lowery 11 December 1966. A third Common Grackle with one white feather
in the rectrices was observed by the writer near Cash, Arkansas in the fall of
1964. The cowbird specimen is an incomplete albino whereas the Common
Grackle collected is a complete albino. Incomplete albinism was defined by
Nero (1954) as a condition in which the eyes, skin, or feathers are affected,
but not all three.
The measurements of the first year Brown-headed Cowbird are total
length 19 cm; bill (chord of culmen from base) measured 2 cm; tail length
6.3 cm; tarsus length 2.5 cm; and the length from the bend of the wing to
the tip 10 centimeters. The head and neck are light orange-buff. Wing coverts,
secondaries, and primaries are edged with buff. The remaining feathers of the
body are white. The eyes, bill and tarsus are pigmented. This specimen has
been placed in the Arkansas State University Museum as No. 22 5.
The Common Grackle measurements are as follows: total length 29 cm;
bill (chord of culmen from base) 2.8 cm; tail 11 cm; tarsus length 4 cm;
and the length from the bend of the wing to the tip is 13.7 centimeters. This
bird is a complete albino and has been mounted and placed in the albino case
in the Arkansas State University museum.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
15
CITED LITERATURE
Dean, R. 1876. Albinism and melanism among North American birds. Bull.
Nuttal. Ornith. Club, 1:20-24.
Edson, J. M. 1928. An epidemic of albinism. Auk, 45: 377-378.
Mueller, C. D. and F. B. Hutt. 1941. Genetics of the fowl; sex-linked, im-
perfect albinism. Jour. Hered., 32: 71-80.
Nero, R. W. 1954. Plumage aberration of the redwing (Agelaius phoeniceus) ,
Auk, 71: 137-155.
Robinson, W. 1888. Notes on some albino birds presented to the U.S. Natl.
Mus., 11: 413-416.
Whitaker, John. 1960. The basis of color dilution in an albinistic blue jay.
Auk, 77:84.
Wilson, E. S. 1930. Interesting case of albinism. Auk, 47: 419.
EARL L. HANEBRINK, Arkansas State University, State University,
Arkansas.
BLUE GROSBEAK WITH YOUNG IN NASHVILLE— -At dusk on 31
July 1967, I saw a silhouette of what I suspected was a Blue Grosbeak
{Guiraca caerulea ) sitting on a wire. The location was on Otter Creek Road
between Radnor Lake and Granny White Pike. Soon, another bird of the same
size came and joined the one on the wire and then they flew off. The next
day I confirmed my suspicions and saw in good light a singing male and a
female grosbeak. On 2 August Amelia Laskey, Katherine Goodpasture, and
I found the pair of grosbeaks feeding a partially grown, begging young gros-
beak. These facts represent the closest nesting of the Blue Grosbeak to the
Nashville area. Goodpasture had two previous nesting records in the South
Harpeth Valley (THE MIGRANT 33 : 72, 1962 and 3 5 : 21, 1964) .
Erline Elmore on 17 August saw four birds, three of them brown and
one blue. When the young grosbeak was first observed on 2 August it was
thought that there were two young birds involved. This observation by Elmore
might verify our suspicions. The birds were last seen by Mary Wood on 29
August at which time she saw three birds.
MICHAEL LEE BIERLY, 3 826 Bedford Avenue, Nashville 3721 5.
LOUISIANA HERON AND GLOSSY IBIS AT CHATTANOOGA— On
8 May 1967, I closely observed a single Louisiana Heron (Hydranassa tricolor)
and two Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus ) as they casuually fed and preened
their feathers at Amnicola Marsh. Three days of hard rain and southerly winds
of 14 to 24 mph probably blew them in. Very leisurely views were made under
broken clouds with both 7x50 binoculars and a 3 5x telescope. Apparently
they were tired when first found in the morning as approaches of fifty yards
and much less were easy to make. They were still present in the evening when
I returned with Jack Wagner and his son Mark. The Louisiana Heron appeared
to be in good plumage with it’s white belly very conspicuous. This is the same
individual reported in THE MIGRANT, 3 8 : 5 0, 1967.
During the following two days Jon DeVore could only locate the ibis.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
16
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
With the excellent opportunities afforded there was no reason to believe they
possessed the white face patch of the White-faced Ibis (P. chihi) . However,
it was noted they had a very slight trace of whitish around the base of the bill.
KENNETH H. DUBKE, 3 302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga 37411.
FULVOUS TREE DUCK NEAR DOVER — A single bird of this southerly
species (Dendrocygna bicolor helva) was trapped in 196 5 along with other
waterfowl during our banding activities at the Cross Creek National Wildlife
Refuge. It was first trapped 4 April and re-trapped several times until the
week of 20-26 June, after which it was not seen again. This is the fourth
State record; the previous occurrences were two in east Tennessee and re-
corded in THE MIGRANT for June and December 196 5 and the third at
Kentucky Lake recorded in THE MIGRANT for September 1967. This duck
was brought in to the office for photographic verification and several photos
were made. They were shown to Mr. A. F. Ganier and other members of the
T. O. S. during a visit to the Refuge on 2 December 1967. The Cross Creek
Refuge begins two miles east of Dover and extends upstream along the south
side of the Cumberland river for about 12 miles. These bottom lands are
partially flooded by water backed up from the Barkley dam near the mouth
of the river.
Another waterfowl of interest that visited the Refuge during 1966 and
1967 was a Whistling Swan. According to our records it was first seen on
18 December 1966 and remained to 18 March 1967. For waterfowl banding,
we operate two large nylon-mesh traps, each of which at times may hold
several hundred birds. During the waterfowl visitation season of 1966-1967, we
banded 17,706 ducks. Thus far (2 Dec.) during the 1967 fall banding, we
have banded 7,216 ducks and 77 geese. As of this date, about 1,200 Canada
Geese and a few Blue Geese have come in, also we estimate about 3 5,000 ducks
are here. Of the latter about 3 0,000 are Mallards.
CARROLL RYAN, Managr, Cross Creek National Wildlife Refuge, Dover
37058.
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK IN KNOX COUNTY— On 20 January 1968,
a Rough-legged Hawk {Buteo lagopus) was identified in the western portion
of Knox County on Virtue Road. Dr. Joseph C. Howell sighted the hawk
perched in a nearby deciduous tree. The bird was observed with 6 Ox and 2 Ox
telescopes, by Dr. Howell, Fred Alsop, Jim Campbell, and myself.
The Rough-legged Hawk, which winters from Southern Canada to south
North Carolina, north Louisiana, and north Texas, was one of the few records
of this species for Knox County. The light phased buteo revealed all diagnostic
characteristics with the white tail having a broad black band at the end, black
belly, and the black patch at the wrist of the wing while in flight. The bird
was observed again later in the day perching on a telephone pole.
The following day, 21 January 1968, the bird was observed in the same
locality by the Knoxville Chapter of the T.O.S. All members present had an
excellent view of the Rough-legged Hawk hovering. This characteristic had
not been observed the previous day. The bird was last reported in the locality
later in the day.
DANNY ELLIS, #1 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
17
AN ACCOUNT OF A RUFFED GROUSE WITH A TRACTOR— Our
first encounter with our Ruffed Grouse {Bonasa umhellus) was in the Spring
of 1963. My husband came in from the fields on the farm tractor and the
grouse came flying over from behind and lit on the ground in front of the
tractor where he sat and apparently waited for my husband to catch up and
pass him. He repeated this procedure twice but was finally frightened away
by our dog who came to investigate.
His second visit came 21 and 22 April
1965. We were working around the barn
lot when again he came, strutting and
"chortling” with tail fanned and neck
outstretched. The next day he appeared
while two tractors were in the field
discing — flying so close as to almost
knock the hat from the head of the
driver, landing in front of the tractor
and running between the front wheels,
although we could never get close to him
when we were walking.
By now we were almost sure that this
being the mating season, he confused the
"thump, thump” of this type of tractor
with that of a male rival and we felt we
had his "tractor psychosis” diagnosed. Others supposed he had been a hatchery
chick and associated the sound of the tractor with feeding time. We were
apparently all wrong for in early April 1966 he appeared one morning after
the tractor had been quiet and idle for days (a different year model but the
same color) to guard, admire, inspect or challenge — whichever — quite docile
until I approached slowly in the car with my camera when once again he
assumed the stance of a fighter and reluctantly gave ground.
We have never heard his Spring drumming and have never known of any
other Ruffed Grouse staying very long in this immediate vicinity. There are
open fields, brush or woodlands here.
ROBBIE HASSLER, Box 1, Byrdstown 3 8 549.
Ruffed Grouse and Tractor
[VoL. 39, 1968]
18
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
NOTES ON INFORMAL SYMPOSIUM
On 28 October 1967 fourteen members of various chapters of Tennessee
Ornithological Society met at Pete Smith’s Watts Bar Dam Resort for a sym-
posium on various research projects under way in our state.
Chaired by Kenneth Dubke of Chattanooga, first speaker introduced was
Charles R. Smith who elaborated on his recently published article (THE MI-
GRANT, 3 8:25 ) covering his study of Red-winged Blackbirds {Agelaius
phoeniceiis) . One item brought out in the discussion was highest mortality
rate was among those birds nesting in a wet area. No conclusion reached.
Kenneth Dubke discussed reports — mostly anecdotal and over a period of
years — of Osprey {Fandion haliaetus) nesting in East Tennessee. Plans an all-
out effort in the coming year to find an active Osprey nest. Welcomes help.
Tom Finucane spoke on Hawk Migration. Reported migration early this
year with peak day being 17 September. Asked the opinion of the assembled
group on the continuation of the project— the vote was unanimous for the con-
tinuance of the Hawk Migration project.
Dr. Joe Howell talked on the "mechanics” of the National Audubon So-
ciety’s nesting records. Explicit instructions may be obtained from the Na-
tional Audubon Society. This project has been under way some years but only
forty such participants have been found.
Wallace Coffey next gave an enthusiastic talk on improvements planned
in THE MIGRANT. Also gave some details of work involved in publishing
an issue. Cited some steps already taken to ease the burden of the Editor.
Last speaker of the afternoon session was Jon DeVore on his study of
Amnicola Marsh near Chattanooga. Displayed charts, records, notes and pic-
tures on five nests of King Rail {Rallus elegans) and eighteen Least Bittern
{Ixobrychus exilis) nests.
Evening session was given over entirely to Mr. Albert Ganier who urged all
to participate in the Cornell University Nesting Card Record. He reminisced
on records he had kept over the years and gave information on incubation
periods of various species; also on locations of nests of various species — that is,
on the ground, low or high in shrubs or trees. Just record cards kept on nests
in your own yard can be valuable.
Those present voted unanimously to make the symposium an annual autumn
affair and stated Pete Smith’s Watts Bar Dam Resort is ideal for the occasion.
MRS. EARL F. OLSON, Norris 37828.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
19
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
Those reports which follow include data from the months of December
and January only. Throughout the state, the weather for December was de-
cidely warmer and wetter than average. Temperatures for that month averaged
from two to three degrees above the normal temperatures for all report areas.
Total precipitation was from two to four inches above normal precipitation
levels. On 2 8 December, all report areas with data available recorded snow,
with the middle portion of the state receiving the heaveist snowfall (six inches
near Cookeville, four inches at Nashville). With the exception of 28 Decem-
ber, other snowfall for that month was negligible. From all available informa-
tion, the month of January appeared to be colder and slightly drier than usual.
Snow was the prevalent form of precipitation for January, with Upper East
Tennessee recording a total of approximately ten inches for that month.
Savannah reported a period of "exceptionally long and deep snow” from 13
to 17 January. Chattanooga recorded three inches of snow on 14 January.
One to two inches of snow fell in the Elizabethton area from 9 to 13 January
with a heavy snowfall of 4.5 inches on 24 January.
The unusually warm weather in December could possibly have influenced
the early courtship flights of the American Woodcock which were noted in
some areas. In Nashville, Mourning Doves were also calling as early as De-
cember. The presence of many species, which are normally considered summer
residents or migrants, during the winter months might also be attributed to
the unusually mild weather during the early part of the period. Some notable
winter records of species of this nature follow: Spotted Sandpiper at Savannah;
Least Sandpiper and Dunlin at Chattanooga; Brown Thrasher at Knoxville and
Elizabethton; Palm Warbler at Chattanooga and Knoxville; Baltimore Oriole
at Nashville and Knoxville; Rose-breasted Grosbeak at Knoxville; Dickcissel
at Nashville and Greene ville; Chipping Sparrow at Savannah, Chattanooga,
and Elizabethton. There was also a winter influx of Tree Sparrows, with four
out of seven areas across the state reporting them. Other notable observations
follow: Whistling Swan at Chattanooga and Knoxville; Greater Scaup at
Chattanooga and Knoxville; White- winged Scoter at Chattanooga, Knoxville,
and Elizabethton; Oldsquaw at Knoxville and Bristol; Rough-legged Hawk at
Chattanooga and Knoxville; Red Phalarope and Long-eared Owl at Chatta-
nooga; Pigeon Hawk and Red-cockaded Woodpecker at Knoxville. Reports of
Northern Finches (including the Purple Finch) were still few and scattered
for this report period.
SAVANNAH — Loons-Sparrows: Common Loon: 20 Dec. (10) P. Ameri-
can Woodcock: courtship flights every clear evening throughout Dec. and
Jan.; maximum 17 Dec. (16) H. Spotted Sandpiper: 20 Dec. (1) P. Horned
Lark: 14 Jan. (5 0) H.; we have never previously counted more than about
ten. Brown Thrasher: none seen; regular all season previous years. Tree Spar-
row: at feeder 14-15 Jan. (2) H. Chipping Sparrow: our first Jan. record, 24
Jan. (1) H.
Locations: H — Harbert Hills, P — Pickwick Dam.
DAVID E. PATTERSON, Harbert Hills Academy, Olive Hill 3 8475.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
20
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
NASHVILLE — Loons-Gulls: Common Loon: 10 Dec. (5) OHL (HCM,
HEP). Horned Grebe: a peak of (2) 10 Dec. OHL (HCM,, HEP). Ring-
necked and Lesser Scaup Duck, almost absent, although usually our most
abundant species. Herring Gull: a peak of (9) 21 Dec. BL (HEP). Ring-billed
Gull: 8 Dec. (69) BL (HEP), the peak for period; their numbers far down on
OHL. Bonaparte’s Gull: no reports this winter.
Doves -Sparrows: Mourning Dove: heard cooing on 9 days during 9-2 5
Dec., a period of unseasonably warm weather; 18 Jan. (70) at feeder (MEL);
otherwise, very scare. Baltimore Oriole: 19 Jan. (1) immature female found
dead WA (MH), identified by (ARE) and skin in (AEG) collection; this
is the first specimen and the third state record for a winter bird. Dickcissel:
late Nov. thru 1 Feb. (1) home of (MEE). Purple Finch: a few small flocks
reported. Tree Sparrow: 16-22 Jan. (2) each at homes of (ABH) and (FM)
with (1) banded at the latter 22 Jan. by (KAG) ; 16-18 Jan. (1) home
(MEE). Field Sparrow: only winter sparrow normal in numbers; 30 Jan. (1)
in song (HCM), about 3 weeks earlier than average.
Locations: BE — Bush Eake, OHE — Old Hickory Eake, WA — Westview
Avenue.
Observers: AFG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Katherine A. Goodpasture,
M,H — Martha Herbert, ABH — Mrs. A. B. Herron, ARE — ^Amelia R. Easkey,
MEE — Mary Eou Eorance, HCM — Harry C. Monk, FM— Fanny Murphy,
HEP — Henry E. Parmer.
HENRY E. PARMER, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
COOKEVILLE — Mallard -Shrike: Mallard: 20, 26 Dec. (1-2), 9, 28 Jan.
(4-8). Pintail: 24, 26 Dec. (3). Black Vulture: 30 Jan. (5). Red-tailed
Hawk: throughout Dec., Jan. (1-4). Bald Eagle: 1, 7, 15 Dec. (1), 22 Dec.
(4). American Coot: throughout Dec., Jan. (3 0-175). Horned Lark: max.
8 Jan. (12). Eastern Bluebird: throughout Dec., Jan. (1-16). Ruby-crowned
Kinglet: 12 Dec. (2). Loggerhead Shrike: throughout Dec., Jan. (1-3)
Location: Willow Grove Area.
Observer: Roy Hinds.
MARIE WHITE, 1218 Byrne Ave., Cookeville 3 8501.
CHATTANOOGA — Loons-Ducks: Common Loon: max. 12 Dec. (4)
BWP. Horned Grebe: max. 22 Jan. (19) CL. Pied-billed Grebe: max. 26 Dec.
(2 8) MC. Double-crested Cormorant: 12 Dec. (1) VR. Great Blue Heron:
max. 15 Jan. (21) HRA. American Bittern: 6 Dec. (1) AM (found dead,
JD). Whistling Swan: 12, 13 Dec. (4) HRA (JD, KD). Canada Goose:
wintering population max. (3 800) HRA. Snow Goose: 12 Dec. (1) HRA.
Blue Goose: 12 Dec. (2), 19 Dec. (1) HRA. Gadwall: max. 13 Dec. (290)
VR. Pintail: max. 8 Jan. (42) HRA. American Widgeon: max. 19 Dec.
(250) HRA. Shoveler: max. 22 Jan. (16) WR. Redhead: max. 28 Jan. (11)
NL. Ring-necked Duck: 28 Jan. (3 50) NL. Canvasback: max. 22 Jan. (3 0)
WR. Greater Scaup: max. 4 Jan. (77) BWP. Lesser Scaup: max 28 Jan.
(150) NL. Common Goldeneye: max. 3 Jan. (15) BWP). Bufflehead: max.
19 Dec. (80) HRA. White-winged Scoter: 15 Jan. (1) WB (JD, KD).
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
21
Hooded Merganser: max. 16 Dec. (48) HCP. Common Merganser: 16 Dec.
(4) CL. Red-breasted Merganser: max. 13 Dec. (4) VR.
Hawks -Sparrows: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 16 Jan. (1) TRG. Cooper’s Hawk:
19 Jan. (1) HRA. Red-tailed Hawk: max. 28 Jan. (20) BC. Rough-legged
Hawk: 16 Jan. (1) BC (light phase, JD, KD). Golden Eagle: 15 Jan. (1) im-
mature HRA (JD, KD). Bald Eagle: 19 Dec. (2) HRA, 4 Jan. (1) WA, 16
Jan. (2) TRG. Marsh Hawk: max. 16 Jan. (3) NL .Ruffed Grouse: 24 Dec.
(1) FW. American Coot: wintering population at MC, max. 26 Dec. (645 0).
American Woodcock: 1-4 singing birds in warm weather since 31 Dec. Com-
mon Snipe: max. 15 Jan. (53) SB. Least Sandpiper: wintering at SB, HRA;
max. 15 Jan. (22). Dunlin: wintering at SB, HRA; max. 4 Dec. (71). Red
Phalarope: 12, 13 Dec. (2) SB (JD, KD). Ring-billed Gull: max. 3 Jan.
(81) BWP. Barn Owl: 1-2 birds regularly at AM. Long-eared Owl: 31 Dec.
(1) TMP (JD). Water Pipit: max. 13 Dec., 23 Jan. (35) SB. Pine Warbler:
max. 26 Dec. (3) TRG. Palm Warbler: 26 Dec. (2) AM (JD, KD). Purple
Finch: regular, max. 15 Jan. (2 5) HRA. Savannah Sparrow: max. 22 Jan.
(12) WR. Vesper Sparrow: 15 Jan. (3) SB. Chipping Sparrow: 4 Dec. (2)
BWP (KD). White-crowned Sparrow: max. 4 Dec. (6) HRA. Fox Sparrow:
max. 22 Jan. (4) WR.
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, BWP — Booker T. Washington Park,
BC — Battle Creek area, CL — Chickamauga Lake, FW — Falling Water, HCP —
Hamilton County Park, HRA — ^Hiwassee River Area, MC — Mullins Cove,
NL — Nickajack Lake, SB — Savannah Bay, TMP — Tyner Minnow Ponds, TRG
— Tennessee River Gorge, VR — Vincent Road, WA — Wolftever Creek, WB —
Waconda Bay, WR — Woods Reservoir.
Observers: JD — Jon DeVore, KD — Ken Dubke, JG — James Garrett, AW —
Adele West, GW— Gene West.
JON E. DeVORE, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson 37343.
KNOXVILLE — Loons -Mergansers: Common Loon: 20 Dec. (2) FL (PP).
Horned Grebe: 15 Dec. (1) LL (FA, DE, ES, JMC), 1 Jan. (1) C (MS),
1 Jan. (1) AL (PP). Whistling Swan: 9 Dec. (4) UTF (CM). Canada
Goose: (200-390) throughout period at CL (FO). Snow Goose: (4) through-
out period at CL (FO) Blue Goose: (1) throughout period at BL (JE). Mal-
lard: max. 12 Dec. (40) CL (FA). Black Duck: max. 8 Jan. (30) CL (PP).
Gadwall: max. 2 Jan (3 5) TB (CM). Green-winged Teal: 8 Jan. (5) CL
(PP). American Widgeon: max. 19 Dec. (20) CL (FA). Shoveler: 20, 21
Jan. (3) C (FA, PP). Redhead: 15 Dec. (15) C (JMC et al.) , 3 Jan. (1)
FL (PP), 20 Jan. (7) C (JCH, FA, DE, CM, JMC). Ringed-necked Duck:
max. 10 Jan. (50) FL (PP). Canvasback: 12 Dec. (5) CL (FA), 8 Jan.
(5) CL (PP), 20 Jan. (3) C (JCL, et al.) . Lesser Scaup: max. 15 Dec. (20)
C (FA). Greater Scaup: 20 Jan. (5) C (JCH et al.) . Common Goldeneye:
from 15 Dec. max. 24 Jan. (63) UTF (CM). Bufflehead: 15 Dec. (2) C
(JMC et al.), 20 Dec. (7) FL (PP). Oldsquaw: 13 Jan. thru 27 Jan. (1)
C (SH, JCH), 27 Jan. through period (2) UTF (TK, CM). White-winged
Scoter: 20-28 Jan. (5) C (CM, JCH, FA, DE, JMC). Ruddy Duck: 20
Jan. (2) C (FA, JCH). Hooded Merganser: 20 Dec. (5) FL (PP), 20 Jan.
(9) C (JCH, et al.). Common Merganser: 16 Dec. (1) UTF (CM), 2
[VoL. 39, 1968]
22
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
Jan. (1) TB (CM). Red-breasted Merganser: 15 Dec. (3) C (JMC et al.) , 28
Dec. (1) UTF (CM).
Vultures-Wood peckers: Turkey Vulture: roost 1, 2 Jan. (150) K (JE).
Black Vulture: 22 Dec. (1) K (PP). Red-tailed Hawk: throughout period in
small numbers, max. 21 Jan. (4) C (KOS). Rough-legged Hawk: 20, 21
Jan. (1) VR (JCH, FA, DE, JMC). Bald Eagle: 9 Dec. (2), 17 Dec. (3),
8 Jan. (1), 21 Jan. (1) all at ND by (FO). Marsh Hawk: 28 Jan. (1) N
(MG, CM, JMC). Pigeon Hawk: 25 Jan. (1) M (PP). Herring Gull: through-
out period in small numbers, max. 15 Dec. (20) C (FA, DE, ES, JMC). Ring-
billed Gull: max. 15 Dec. (2 50) EL (JMC et al.) . Bonaparte’s Gull: 15 Dec.
(75) C (JMC et al.). Red-cockaded Woodpecker: 2 5 Jan. (1) S (BC).
Tbrashers-Sparrows: Brown Thrasher: 10 Jan. (1) NH (JBO). Palm
Warbler: 17 Jan. (2) C (MS). Baltimore Oriole: throughout period SK at
feeder of (EM). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 26 Jan. through rest of period (1)
G (JD). Evening Grosbeak: 10 Dec. (2) G (AM), 12 Dec. (6) G (HB),
21 Dec. (1) G (AS), 16 Jan. (5) G (JM). Purple Finch: throughout period
in small numbers, max. 4 Dec. (5 0) CL (PP). Pine Siskin: 12 Jan. (8) C
(MS). Tree Sparrow: 25 Jan. (10) HM (PP). Fox Sparrow: 27 Jan. (1)
HM (FA).
Locations: A — Alcoa Lake, BL — Butterfly Lake, C^ — Concord, CL — Cove
Lake, G — Gatlinburg, HM — House Mountain, K — Kodak, LL — Kaurel Lake,
FL — Fort Loudon Lake, M — Mascot, N — Norris, ND — ^Norris Dam, NH —
North Hills, S — Seymour, SK — South Knoxville, UTF — Univ. Tennessee Plant
Sciences Farm, TB — Toole’s Bend, VR — Virtue Road.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, HB — Hubert Bebb, JMC — James M. Camp-
bell, BC — Brockway Crouch, JD — Mrs. James Dingwall, DE — Danny Ellis,
JE — John Elson, MG — Maurice Grigsby, JCH — Dr. Joseph C. Howell, SH —
Susan Hoyle, TK — Tony Koella, KOS — Knoxville Chapter TOS, JM — Joseph
Manley, CM — ^Chris McMillan, EM — Mrs. Elliott McNutt, AM — A.
Mueller, FO^ — Frances Olson, JBO — J. O. Owen, PP — Paul Pardue.
JAMES M. CAMPBELL, 15 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
GREENE VILLE — Herons-Gulls: Great Blue Heron: throughout the pe-
riod GC. Mallard: 27 Dec. (5) RF (RN). Black Vulture: 27 Dec. (12).
Cooper’s Hawk: 27 Dec. (1). Red-tailed Hawk: 27 Dec. (3). Common Snipe:
27 Dec. (2) RF (RN). Ring-billed Gull: 27 Dec. (20) DC (EJ).
Larks -Warblers: Horned Lark: 27 Dec. (5). Brown Creeper: 27 Dec. (2)
RF (RN). Brown Thrasher: 27 Dec. (1) TC (EJ). Eastern Bluebird: 27 Dec.
(1). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 27 Dec. (2). Palm Warbler: 27 Dec. (1) RF
(RN).
Blackbird s-Sparrows: Red-winged Blackbird: 27 Dec. (20) DC(RS).
Common Crackle: 27 Dec. (495). Dickcissel: 16 Jan. (1) throughout rest
of the period (HR). Purple Finch: 27 Dec. (23).
Locations: DC^ — Davy Crockett Lake, GC — Grassy Creek, RF — Roaring
Fork, TC — Tusculum College.
Observers: EJ — E. Jeffers, RM — Roger Miller, RN — Ruth or Richard
Nevius, HR — Helen Reed, RS — Royal Spees.
RICHARD NEVIUS, Route 3, Greeneville 37743.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
23
ELIZABETHTON-— Loo«5-G?^//5: Common Loon: max. 27 Jan. (2) WaL.
Homed Grebe: max. 22 Jan. (13) BL. Pied-billed Grebe: max. 22 Jan. (14)
BL. Great Blue Heron: max. 19 Jan. (10) BL, PHL. Mallard: max. 27 Jan.
(6). Black Duck: max. 27 Jan. (76) WaL. American Widgeon: 22 Jan. (3)
BL. Redhead: 26 Jan. (1) BL (LRH, GW). Ring-necked Duck: max. 27
Jan. (89) WaL, WiL. Canvasback: 19 Jan. (28 ) , 26 Jan. (36) , both BL.
Lesser Scaup: (6-12) throughout Jan. Common Goldeneye: max. 26 Jan.
(155) BL (LRH, GW). Bufflehead: max. 27 Jan. (76) WaL, WiL. White-
winged Scoter: 22 Jan. (2 ) BL (LRH) , 26 Jan. (3) BL (LRH, GW) .
Hooded Merganser: 27 Jan. (9) WaL (LRH, CRS) . Common Merganser: 27
Jan. (6) WaL (LRH, CRS) . Turkey Vulture; 2 Dec. (1). Bald Eagle: 19
Jan. (1) immature, BL (LRH) . American Coot: 13, 19 Jan. (9) BL. Ameri-
can Woodcock: 3 1 Jan. (1) singing, WaR (LRH) . Herring Gull: max. 26
Jan. (20) BL. Ring-billed Gull: max. 22 Jan. (200) BL.
O^h -Sparrows: Barn Owl: 19 Jan. (1 ) (MER, CRS ) . Great Horned Owl:
13 Jan. (1) BL (WAB, MER, CRS), 28 Jan. (1) MG (CRS). Red-headed
Woodpecker: 27 Jan. (1). Horned Lark: 21 Jan. (1), 27 Jan. (11). Common
Raven: 28 Jan. (2) UM (CRS) . Brown Creeper: 26 Dec. (1 ) (HD) . Winter
Wren: 1 3 Jan. (1). Brown Thrasher: throughout Dec., Jan. JC (WAB) .
Red-winged Blackbird: first flock, 27 Jan. (18). Purple Finch: 17 Dec. (1)
RM (FWB), 16-27 Jan. (1-2) JC (WAB, HD). Red Crossbill: 27 Jan. (1)
B (LRH, CRS) . Chipping Sparrow: 20 Jan. (2) BL (HD, JD) . Swamp
Sparrow: 28 Jan. (1).
Locations : BL — Boone Lake, B — Butler, Johnson County, JC — Johnson
City, MC — Milligan College, PHL — Patrick Henry Lake, RM — Roan Moun-
tain, UM — Unaka Mountain, WaL — Watauga Lake, WaR — Watauga River,
WiL— Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FWB— Fred W. Behrend, WAB— W. A. Bridgforth, Jr., HD—
Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, JD — Joy Dillenbeck, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, MER —
M. E. Richmond, CRS — ^Charles R. Smith, GW — Gary Wallace.
CHARLES R. SMITH, Route 2, Johnson City 37601.
BRIST OL — Loons-Ducks : Common Loon : max. 30 Dec. (10) SHL (WC,
DM, DGD) . Horned Grebe: max. 30 Dec. ( 12 ) SHL (WC, DM, DGD ) .
Pied-billed Grebe: 8 Dec. (12) SHL (WC, DGD) . Great Blue Heron: max.
30 Dec. (7) SHL (WC, DM, DGD ) . Mallard: max. 30 Dec. (93 ) SHL
(WC, DM,, DGD). Black Duck: max. 30 Dec. (139) SHL (WC, DM).
Gadwall: 30 Dec. (1) SHL (WC, DM). Redhead: 30 Dec. (1) SHL (WC).
Bufflehead: 4 Dec. (2) SHL (WC, DGD), 30 Dec. (6) SHL (WC, DGD).
Oldsquaw: 7 Jan. (13) SHL ( JSS) one of group shot and identified ( JSS,
WC). Ruddy Duck: 30 Dec. (3) SHL (WC). ‘
Yultures-Owls: Turkey Vulture: max. 30 Dec. (26) SHL. Black Vulture:
max. 30 Dec. (48 ) . Cooper’s Hawk: 3 Dec. (1) SV ( WC) . Red-tailed Hawk:
several records Dec., Jan. Sparrow Hawk: 4 Dec. (1 ) SV (WC, DGD) .
Common Snipe: 12 Dec. (1) BT (WC, DGD) . Herring Gull: max. 3 0 Dec.
(7) SHL (WC, DM, DGD). Ring-billed Gull: max. 30 Dec. (15) SHL
(WC, DM, DGD). Great Horned Owl: 16 Jan. (1) BL (WC, DGD); a
single bird regularly during Jan. SHL (WC, BS, DGD) .
[VoL. 39, 1968]
24
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
Thrush-Sparrows: Hermit Thrush: 30 Dec. (1) BV (EV, RV). Eastern
Bluebird: 6 Dec. (7) SHE, 13 Dec. (2) SHE, 27 Jan. (1) Golden-crowned
Kinglet: max. 3 0 Dec. (23). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 4 Dec. (1), 30 Dec.
(5), only records. Eoggerhead Shrike: 4 Dec. (1) SV (WC, DGD). Brown-
headed Cowbird: only record 30 Dec. (39) SHE (WC, DGD). Purple Finch:
15 Jan. (5) BT (WC, DGD). Pine Siskin: 19 Jan. (1) BT (BS). Tree Spar-
row: 15 Jan. (1) BT (BS), 16 Jan. (1) BT (BS, WC), 17 Jan. (1) BT
(BS, WC), 18 Jan. (2) BT (BS, WC, DGD), 19 Jan. (2) BT (BS), all
records for observations at a single feeding station; our only known local
record ever. Fox Sparrow: 3 0 Dec. (2), 13 Jan. (1).
Locations: BT — Bristol, Tennessee, BE — Boone Eake, Sullivan Co., BV — -
near Bristol, Virginia, SHE — South Holston Eake, Tenn., SV— Shady Valley,
Johnson County.
Observers: WC — Wallace Coffey, DGD — ^^Gerry Delantonas, DM — ^David
McPeak, BS — Bill Senter, JSS — Joe S. Slagle, EV — Enno vanGelder, RV —
Roger vanGelder.
WAEEACE COFFEY, 5 08 Spruce Street, Bristol 37620.
NORTH AMERICAN NEST RECORD CARD PROGRAM
As many readers are aware, the Nest Record Card Program is now
completing its third year on a continent-wide basis. We appreciate the
assistance of the hundreds of persons and Bird Clubs whose enthusiasm
and patience make this program possible. We are anxious to solicit help
from as many clubs and cooperators as possible. If you are interested in
helping in this research, please get in touch with the Eaboratory of Orni-
thology at Cornell University for instructions and nest-record cards. We
urge all present contributors to return any completed cards. We also
request that participating clubs and birders order additional cards, if
necessary.
MRS. EDITH EDGERTON
Nest-record Card Program
159 Sapsucker Woods Road
Laboratory of Ornithology
Ithaca, New York 148 5 0
Printed at Bristol, Tennessee; 22 April 1968.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, speific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^x11” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color) . Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accepta-
ble must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted.
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through
the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate de-
partmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front
cover.
CONTENTS
Summer Occurrence of Blue Grosbeaks in Middle Tennessee. Katherine
A. Good pas htre 1
The 1967 breeding bird surveys.
West Tennessee. Lula C. Coffey 4
Middle Tennessee. Katherine GoodpasHire 4
East Tennessee. /. C. Howell 6
Round Table Notes
White Pelican in East Tennessee. Mrs. Earl F. Olson 10
Laughing Gull at Chattanooga. Jon E. DeV ore 10
Chickadees hatch and raise a bluebird. Fanny MtirpJoy 1 1
Unusual behavior of a Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Henry E. Farmer 12
Vermilion Flycatcher at Reelfoot. Gtiy E. Hogg 12
Red Phalaropes near Chattanooga. Kenneth H. Dubke 13
Whistling Swans in Knox County. Chris McMillan 13
Two albino Icterids collected from Northeastern Arkansas. Earl L. Hanebrink 14
Blue Grosbeak with young in Nashville. Michael Lee ‘Bierly 15
Louisiana Heron and Glossy Ibis at Chattanooga. Kenneth H. T>ubke 15
Fulvous Tree Duck near Dover. Carroll Ryan 16
Rough-legged Hawk in Knox County. Danny Ellis 16
An account of a Ruffed Grouse with a tractor. Robbie Hassler 17
Notes of informal symposium. Mrs. Earl F. Olson 18
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith
Savannah. David E. Fatterson 19
Nashville. Henry E. Farmer 20
Cookeville. Marie White 20
Chattanooga. Jon E. DeV ore 20
Knoxville. James M. Campbell 21
Greeneville. Richard Nevms 22
Elizabethton. Charles R. Smith 23
Bristol. Wallace Coffey.
23
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THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSOCIATE EDITOR JOHN WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
*THE SEASON” CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
**STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1967-1968
PRESIDENT ...ROBERT W. McGOWAN
Rt. 3, Box 86, Collierville, Tenn. 38017
PRESIDENT-ELECT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT EAST TENN J. WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
VICE-PRESIDENT MIDDLE TENN MRS. AMEUA R. LASKEY
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, Tenn. 37215
VICE-PRESIDENT WEST TENN EARL J. FULLER
5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, Tenn. 38117
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN. CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overibrook Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37204
WEST TENN W. H. BLACKBURN
Rt. 2, Camden, Tenn. 38320
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY MRS. HENRY S. DINKELSPIEL
6519 Massey Lane, Germantown, Tenn. 38038
TREASURER MISS ANNELLA CREECH
1500 Woodmont Blvd., Nashville, Tenn. 37215
Annual dues, $2.50; Sustaining, $5.00; Life, $100.00; Students, $1.00 (Chapters may col-
lect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership (out of State), Li-
braries and Subscribers $2.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers may be had from the
Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change in address.
Pulished quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by The King
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 39 JUNE 1968 NO. 2
TELEVISION TOWER CASUALTIES AT NASHVILLE,
AUTUMN 1967
BY Amelia R. Laskey
Casualties for autumn, 1967, were first found on 1 Sept, at both WSIX
and WSM-TV towers. The total for the fall migration was 349 individuals of
47 species (98 of 27 species for WSIX; 251 of 40 species for WSM) .
This is the smallest casualty list here since these high TV towers have been
erected. Reports from field observers in the Nashville area also indicate a poor
autumn migration for 1967. These similar reports cannot be definitely analyzed
on a purely local basis and reports from other areas are not yet available —
particularly needed are those from areas north of Nashville. However, our re-
ports suggest a number of possibilities, such as, is there a decline in population
(especially in thrushes and warblers) or was there a hiatus in normal migration
over Nashville when migrants failed to stop over — perhaps flying over the
overcast?
This deviation was very noticeable from mid-October into early November.
On most of these mornings no casualties were found. The total for both
towers during this period was only eight birds. According to the U. S. Monthly
Meteorological Summaries , there were ten days with average temperatures be-
low normal, with fastest winds from a southerly direction and ten days with
some precipitation and overcast.
The greater number of casualties occurred on 1 1 Sept, total 77 and on 9
Oct. with a kill of 96. On 7 Oct. at WSM, there was a kill of 48 with the
temperature ten degrees above normal and south wind. However, there was a
fog that night and early morning as a cold front moved in between days of
precipitation.
The highest number of casualties involved the species that usually lead the
list: Ovenbird 64; Magnolia Warbler 47; Tennessee Warbler 44. These three
species total 45 percent of the 1967 casualties.
The most unusual and puzzling bird was a Blackpoll Warbler found 12
Oct. It had dark tarsi and toes (soles lighter). The specimen was sent to U. S.
National Museum for verification. In her report Mrs. Roxie C. Laybourne com-
mented: "The feet of the blackpoll are not always light in color as given in
some of the field guides.”
Of especial interest were the new extremes in dates of migration: Cape
May Warbler, 11 Sept, earliest of three known autumn specimens (all from
[VoL. 39, 1968]
26
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
TV tower casualties) ; Traill’s Flycatcher 7 Oct. and Prothonotary Warbler
10 Oct. which are latest autumn departure dates on record here.
Following is the list of casualties. The first number indicates WSIX, the
second for WSM. An indicates the species was found at WSM only.
Sora 1-1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1-1; Black-billed Cuckoo ’H; Common
Nighthawk 1; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 'H; Eastern Kingbird ’M; Acadian
Flycatcher 'H; Traill’s Flycatcher ’H; Wood Pewee ’*'2; Catbird 2-6; Robin
’H; Wood Thrush 1; Swainson’s Thrush '*'2; Veery 1-1; Red-eyed Vireo 7-16;
Philadelphia Vireo 1-2; Black-and-white Warbler 5-11; Prothonitary Warbler
'H; Worm-eating Warbler ’H; Golden-wing Warbler 1; Blue-wing Warbler
’M; Tennessee Warbler 3-41; Nashville Warbler '‘''2; Yellow Warbler ’*'2; Mag-
nolia Warbler 17-30; Myrtle Warbler ; Black-throated Green Warbler 1-3;
Blackburnian Warbler 3-3; Chestnut-sided Warbler 9-11; Bay-breasted War-
bler 4-13; Blackpoll Warbler ’M; Palm Warbler 2; Ovenbird 12-52; Northern
Waterthrush 3-6; Kentucky Warbler 1-6; Mourning Warbler ’M; Yellow-
throat 2-2; Yellow-breasted Chat 1-6; Wilson’s Warbler 'M; Canada Warbler
3-1; American Redstart 1-4; Baltimore Oriole ’M; Scarlet Tanager 'M; Indigo
Bunting "*2; Lincoln’s Sparrow 1; Swamp Sparrow 1 Unidentified account
condition, account predation 11-10.
Appreciation for their help in this study is gratefully expressed to Mike
Bierly, Clara W. Fentress, Katherine A Goodpasture, H. E. Parmer and the
personnel of both TV towers.
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville 37215.
T.O.S. SHOULDER BADGE PROGRAM
The new Shoulder Badge Chairman has recently announced the
current stock and price list for the following items that are available:
(1) "Traveler’s List of Birds of North America”
3/$1.00 at State Meeting; 3/$1.10 by mail.
(2) "Combination List of Birds of North America”
$2.00@ at State Meeting; $2.20@ by mail.
(3) "T.O.S. Shoulder Badges, $1.25@.
Mail orders should be sent to:
Mrs. Randle Moss
146 Woodmont Boulevard
Nashville, Tennessee 37205
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
27
ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT, 1967
BY Thomas W. Finucane
The 18th T.O.S. fall hawk-count totaled 4832, with 463 3 Broad-winged
Hawks {Biiteo platypterus) . Except for 1965, this was the lowest since 1958,
but higher than any year before 1959. The count was a record high up to 15
Sept, and, excluding the 1959 data, exceeded the total of all data up to 15
Sept. The peak-day for Broad-winged Hawk migration is still 22 Sept. If the
difference between all counts (from 1950 to the present) made before and
after 22 Sept, is less than the total of all counts made on 22 Sept., then 22
Sept, is peak-day. Otherwise some other date would be designated peak-day, by
a similar argument.
Recently we were asked whether the peak-day is a
mean or a median. If we consider the migration to be
distributed normally along a set of consecutive days,
the peak-day represents both the median and the mean
of our sample of 8 8,000 Broad-winged Hawks. Since
the peak is the middle of a tabulation of all hawks,
listed in order of the date observed (day and month),
it is a median by virtue of the method by which it is
computed. In such cases the median can be computed
faster than the mean, and the result is close enough to
the mean — the same day.
The average (mean) count for the 2 5 days from
10 Sept, to 4 Oct, when 99% of our hawks fly, is 3 5 00, which is closer to the
total for 18 Sept, than to the total for any other day. 18 Sept is also the date
of the median count. Including all data outside the 2 5 -day interval would, of
course, reduce the mean and median counts, but they would still be close to-
gether; the peak day — mean and median day — would not change. Largely be-
cause we do not subdivide days, we get our peak via the median, which comes
on the same day as the mean, and with less arithmetic. Extreme dates are
13 Aug., 1964, when Wallace Coffey and T. Roger Stone counted 19 Broad-
winged Hawks and 19 Oct., when Maxie Swindell counted 12.
The following notes are numbered to correspond with the item numbers in
the data table:
Finucane
4. Ken Dubke saw this Osprey carry a fish over Elder Mt.
5. Frost warnings heard from radio station, Windsor, Ontario, four days
before this count — a record for 12 Sept.
6. Flights were heavy and over the lookout when the wind was from the
south and southeast. From 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. the wind was from the
north and the comparatively few hawks counted were scattered over the coun-
tryside. Six Ospreys!
8. Sharp-shinned Hawk captured bird and devoured it on the wing.
12. Foothills Parkway, near Townsend, 11:00 a.m. to 1:3 0 p.m.: The birds
were going directly south. As the day grew later, the hawks seemed to fly
higher. Broad- winged Hawks were working the thermals; the others stayed
close to the ridge.
13. Have never seen 10 Cooper’s Hawks in one group, but they were
[VoL. 39, 1968]
28
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
there: Cooper’s Hawk size and shape — some so near the tower markings could
be seen in the sunlight we had that day.
2 5. From the site of the old Elder M,t. Fire Tower, Ken Dubke, 10:13 a.m.
to 6:15 P.M., had 11 hawks in the first three hrs., two in the next hour, one
in the next two hrs., then 164 between 4:30 p.m. and 5:00 p.m., and 91 more
after 5:00 p.m. Saw nine Canada Geese at 6:00 p.m.
26. On the same day, 22 Sept, the Mendota Fire Tower count was smaller
than Ken’s but steady all day, with five Broad-winged Hawks and one un-
identified after 5:30 p.m.
3 5. There were about 30 people at the lookout: Girl (Cadet) Scouts, their
leaders, and one hawk watcher.
KEY TO REPORTERS
B — Bill Finucane, Kingsport; C — Boy Scouts, Mr. and Mrs. David Smith,
Johnson City, Charlotte Finucane; D — Ken Dubke, Chattanooga; E — ^Mr. and
Mrs. Emmitt Smith, Jr., Nickelsville, Va.; F — John Fogl, Nickelsville; G —
Girl Scouts, Troup 143, Kingsport; H — ^Mr. and Mrs. David Highbaugh, Mr.
and Mrs. Geo. Wood, Knoxville; J — Joe Finucane; K — Patrick Finucane; L —
Mrs. Elva Darnell, R. C. Sievert, Dr. and Mrs. Royal Spees, Greeneville; N —
Thos. Finucane; O — Tom, Tom III, and Melanie Odom, Kingsport; Mrs. Rich-
ard Nevius, Roger, Steve, and Jeff Miller, Greeneville; P — ^Mrs. Darnell, Mrs.
Spees; Q — Bob Quillen, Bristol, Va., E. E. Scott, Charlotte Finucane; S — E. E.
Scott, Nickelsville, Va.; T — Tom Finucane, Mrs. Ann Switzer, Kingsport;
U — Mike Finucane, Laurent Choiniere, Kingsport; V — Jon DeVore, Chatta-
nooga; W — Wallace Coffey, Bristol; W. A. Bridgforth, Charles Smith, Johnson
City; X — Maxine and Hugh Crownover, Chattanooga; Y — Marion Finucane.
KEY TO STATIONS
Bald M,t. Tower, Greene Co.; C — Chimney Top, Sullivan Co.; E — Elder
Mt., Chattanooga F — Foothills Parkway, near Townsend; G — Gray’s Ferry,
Hiwassee River; K — Rogersville-Kyle’s Ford Fire Tower; M — ^Mendota Fire
Tower, Clinch Mt., Va.; W — Meadow Creek Fire Tower, Cocke County.
WIND AND SKY CODES
Wind data are given in the Beaufort Scale. Sky conditions range from per-
fectly clear (O) to heavy overcast (5).
1434 Watauga Street, Kingsport 37664.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
29
ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT, 1967
No,
Date
Obs.
Mrs.
Sta-
Wind
Sky
SS
Cp
RdT
RS
Bwg
Msh
Osp
SpH
Other
1
9/2
W
4%
tion
M
5:NE
0
1
12
la
2
10
JN
6
C
2:NW
2
-
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
3
11
S
4%
M
4:SE
1
-
1
-
-
28
-
-
1
-
4
12
D
4
E
3:E-SE
1
-
-
3
-
6
-
3
-
lb
5
12
S
M
4:NW
1
-
-
-
-
974
-
1
-
2e
6
13
SF
M
4tS
1
1
1
2
_
635
_
6
2b
7
14
P
4-3/4
W
3:N-E-S
2
-
-
10
-
103
-
-
-
1
8
14
S
7h
M
4tSE
1
2
1
1
-
290
-
-
-
lb
9
15
QTF
5
M
3;SE
0
2
1
4
-
431
-
1
-
lb
10
16
ES
7
M
3:NE
O
1
1
5
-
411
-
1
-
-
11
17
VW
6
B
6:N-NW
0
_
_
2
_
50
_
_
.
12
17
H
3
F
2-3 :S
-
1
-
1
-
263
3
-
3
-
13
17
L
5-3/4
B
2-4 :NW
2
1
11
3
1
70
-
-
-
-
14
17
OK
8
K
1-3;S-E
1
-
1
1
-
248
-
-
-
-
15
17
QGU
7
M
4:S£
3
1
2
1
-
69
-
-
-
-
16
18
D
5
E
2:E
1
_
_
«
_
3
_
_
1
17
18
D
0
G
1-3 :SW
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
18
18
N
sh
M
Q-1:N-E
0
.
.
1
-
14
-
-
-
4
19
19
D
6
E
0-3:W
3
-
-
3
1
3
-
-
3
le
20
19
SN
7
M
1-SE-SW
4
1
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
2b
21
20
V
3
E
1:S-SW
O
22
20
SN
7h
M
1-2:S-W
3
-
-
-
1
43
-
-
-
-
23
21
D
4
E
3-SW-W
4
-
-
3
-
-
.
.
.
-
24
21
YN
2
M
3-l:S&W
5
25
22
D
8
E
3:NE-W
3
1
1
2
-
266
1
-
1
-
26
22
SN
M
3:NE-N
2
3
1
2
1
144
_
2
la
27
23
Z
8
E
1-3 :SE
0
2
6
_
290
2
1
1
1
28
23
BN
7
C
1-NE
0
-
2
4
1
28
-
-
-
4
29
23
CG
5
M
1-NW
0
4
-
-
-
55
-
1
-
-
30
24
V
3
E
2:N-NW
o
1
1
1
-
8
-
.
.
IP
31
24
KN
6
C
2:S
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
-
32
24
S
7
M
_
_
_
_
_
37
_
_
_
_
33
25
D
4
E
3:NB
1
2
-
1
-
14
-
-
-
1
34
26
N
8-3/4
M
4-2iS
0
.
.
4
2
24
2
-
-
6
35
30
N
7
M
0-2:NW
1
1
.
-
.
31
1
1
-
1
36
10/1
KN
6^
M
1;SW-NW
o
1
-
1
1
39
1
1
-
4
37
5
N
8
M
0-2:W
2
1
1
1
3
20
-
-
-
5
TOTALS
201
23
26
64
11
4635
10
19
10
39
(A
= accipiter; b >
= buteo; e = eagle;
P =
pigeon
hawk)
[VoL. 39, 1968]
30
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
THE 1968 SPRING FIELD DAYS
Jon E. DeVore, State Compiler
Counts were submitted from a total of ten areas across the state. The total
number of species seen for the count was 200. This is somewhat below the
high count last year of 206 species. Knoxville’s count led all others with a total
of 147 species. They were followed by Chattanooga with 139.
INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS
In the species tabulation and description that follow, the localities are listed
from west to east.
REELFOOT — The count was taken on and in the vicinity of Reelfoot
Lake and within the limits of the Christmas Count area. 27 April 1968; 7:00
A.M. to 5:00 p.M. Cloudy all day; little wind; temperature 51° to 74° F. Total
species: 96. Four observers in two parties.
Eugene Cypert (compiler), Mary Louise Cypert, Janice Leggett, Betty
Sumara.
COLUMBIA — Same general area as covered by the Christmas Count. 30
April 1968, 1 May 1968; 12:00 noon to 12:00 noon. Clear; wind NW 5 — 15
mph; temperature 45° to 80° F. Total species: 13 5. Four observers.
William Fuqua, Daniel Gray, George Mayfield (compiler), Delton Porter.
NASHVILLE — ^^Same area as previous spring counts except no coverage of
Bush and Old Hickory Lakes. 27 April 1968; Dawn until 5:30 p.m. Cool
with rain at dawn until 9:00 a.m., then a gradual clearing. The Rusty Black-
birds were eight days latest ever for spring. Two were at Two Jays (HEP),
one at Fernvale (AC). Total Species: 128. Thirty-seven observers in twelve
parties.
Clyde D. Anderson (compiler).
COOKEVILLE — Areas included were within the 1 5 -mile-diameter circle
of the town. 20 April 1968; 5:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Weather clear and sunny
except for light cloudiness early in the a.m., little wind. 69° to 80° F. Thirteen
observers. Total species: 72.
Miss Beulah Clark, Mr. Sam Coward, Mrs. Caprice Haile, Mr. R. D. High,
Mr. Roy Hinds, Dr. Paul L. Hollister, Miss Elizabeth Killeffer, Dr. and Mrs.
Sidney L. McGee, Mr. Miser R. Richmond, Mrs. Thelma Tinnon, Miss Chrissa
Wendt, Miss Marie White (compiler).
T.O.S. STATE MEETING — General coverage of the Cookeville area. 1 1
May 1968 and 12 May 1968. Generally cloudy with intermittent rain on
both days. 5 0° to 80° F. Total Species : 127. Miser R. Richmond (compiler) .
CHATTANOOGA — Same area as Christmas Count plus additional areas
to the north on Chicamauga Lake. 5 May 1968; 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Clear
to partly cloudy in the a.m. and p.m., 5 to 15 mph wind in the a.m., subsiding
in the p.m.; temperature 50° to 71° F. Total species: 139. Nineteen observers.
Francis Barnwell, Ralph Bullard, Maxine Crownover, Jon DeVore (com-
piler), Kenneth Dubke, Roy Evenson, Edith Fenn, Jim Garrett, Ron Homer,
Mike Lily, Jerry Linderman, Eugene and Eva Ranger, Joe Saladino, Veta Sliger,
Martha Sterchi, Roger Swanson, Jack and Mark Wagner.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
31
ANNUAL SPRING FIELD DAYS, 1967
L3
Common Loon
Pied-billed Grebe
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
Little Blue Heron
Cattle Egret
Common Egret
Bl.-cr. Night Heron
Yel,-cr, Night Heron
Least Bittern
American Bittern
Canada Goose
Snow Goose
Blue Goose
Egyptian Goose
Mallard
Black Duck
Pintail
Green- winged Teal
Blue-winged Teal
American Widgeon
Shoveler
Wood Duck
Ring-necked Duck
Lesser Scaup
Bufflehead
Ruddy Duck
Common Merganser
Red-breasted Merganser
Turkey Vulture
Black Vulture
Sharp- shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Red- tailed Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
Marsh Hawk
Osprey
Sparrow Hawk ■
Ruffed Grouse
Bobwhite
Ring-necked Pheasant
Virginia Rail
Sora
American Coot
Semipalmated Plover
Killdeer
American Woodcock
Common Snipe
Upland Plover
Spotted Sandpiper
Solitary Sandpiper
Greater Yellowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Pectoral Sandpiper
White- rumped Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper
Dowitcher
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Ring-billed Gull
Black Tern
Mourning Dove
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo
Barn Owl
[VoL. 39, 1968]
32
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Screech Owl
Great Horned Owl
Barred Owl
Chuck-will ' s-widow
Whip-poor-will
Common Night hawk
Chimney Swift
Ruby-thr. Hummingbird
Belted Kingfisher
Yellow-sh. Flicker
Pileated Woodpecker
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Red- headed Woodpecker
Yellow-bel. Sapsucker
Hairy Woodpecker
Downy Woodpecker
Eastern Kingbird
Great Crested Flycatcher
Eastern Phoebe
Acadian Flycatcher
Least Flycatcher
Eastern Wood Pewee
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Horned Lark
Tree Swallow
Bank Swallow
Rough-winged Swallow
Barn Swallow
Cliff Swallow
Purple Martin
Blue Jay
Common Raven
Common Crow
Carolina Chickadee
Tufted Titmouse
White-br. Nuthatch
Red-br. Nuthatch
Brown Creeper
House Wren
Winter Wren
Bewick's Wren
Carolina Wren
Long-bid. Marsh Wren
Short-bid. Marsh Wren
Mockingbird
Catbird
Brown Thrasher
Robin
Wood Thrush
Hermit Thrush
Swainson's Thrush
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Veery
Eastern Bluebird
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Water Pipit
Cedar Waxwing
Loggerhead Shrike
Starling
White-eyed Vireo
Yellow-throated Vireo
Solitary Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Black-and-white Warbler
Prothonotary Warbler
Swainson's Warbler
Worm-eating Warbler
13
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11
3
3
1
7
6
3
3
30
39
21
8
6
39
10
15
4
24
38
3
24
53
52
11
19
4
4
16
5
20
39
41
12
3
2
10
28
7
13
25
47
18
38
--
6
8
--
13
7
—
6
9
__
1
14
3
8
15
5
20
14
9
10
14
1
-—
--
7
14
1
2
4
5
7
7
5
410
9
7
—
2
53
48
--
8
4
2
2
2
30
58
3
2
18
18
—
5
40
57
17
41
44
65
152
27
38
116
325
56
117
—
—
81
2
—
126
3
—
—
38
8
73
4
10
352
173
28
23
8
52
193
129
50
146
399
75
177
2
40
57
85
59
35
62
336
60
109
26
38
86
26
16
42
125
26
33
18
32
108
41
33
26
136
35
44
__
2
8
6
3
3
2
__
__
3
1
—
—
1
13
13
14
2
1
6
1
9
2
1
1
12
24
72
16
20
45
163
10
33
2
mm
1
12
21
149
49
25
144
358
70
120
3
13
36
12
11
18
31
14
50
2
12
54
39
22
64
135
42
58
33
15
171
69
28
165
550
134
235
6
7
61
4
28
59
150
9
63
1
--
—
2
5
15
__
14
4
21
__
__
1
2
4
2
-.
3
2
—
3
2
2
—
2
1
24
83
22
63
32
120
3
30
28
12
72
2
20
4
35
14
6
1
13
2
7
--
6
77
11
2
20
—
20
—
—
1
41
110
9
15
10
18
24
4
4
10
13
7
3
146
130
837
179
122
759
786
582
676
5
14
82
7
13
7
66
4
11
__
3
12
9
--
29
2
2
—
—
1
4
1
8
4
18
59
5
27
29
140
19
46
3
1
13
2
3
__
4
11
7
14
50
4
24
10
2
29
4
1
4
2
—
1
--
--
—
2
10
—
9
2
17
1
5
[VoL.
1968
THE MIGRANT
33
(J
1-
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UJ
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Golden-winged Warbler
—
1
6
--
5
Blue-winged Warbler
—
4
32
—
2
2
4
—
2
Tennessee Warbler
—
14
14
--
18
--
19
1
5
Orange-cr, Warbler
1
--
—
Nashville Warbler
—
3
3
—
1
1
28
1
—
Parula Warbler
__
4
8
_«
3
7
9
Yellow Warbler
1
8
48
3
10
15
61
13
34
Magnolia Warbler
—
1
—
—
5
10
1
—
--
Cape May Warbler
2
41
2
—
—
Black-thr. Blue Warbler
—
—
1
3
—
12
Myrtle Warbler
16
14
117
1
11
504
522
21
12
Black-thr, Green Warbler
1
1
—
—
1
—
40
15
6
Cerulean Warbler
19
17
1
24
—
--
Blackburnian Warbler
4
—
5
—
1
Yellow-throated Warbler
3
3
15
—
2
—
2
—
—
Chestnut-sided Warbler
__
3
2
10
4
23
Bay-breasted Warbler
—
1
2
—
7
—
1
—
--
Blackpoll Warbler
—
4
6
—
57
54
Pine Warbler
--
--
2
--
1
1
17
1
--
Prairie Warbler
3
9
34
—
34
6
75
6
1
Palm Warbler
5
20
27
1
3
157
22
7
3
Ovenbird
—
3
3
--
6
3
31
15
35
Northern Waterthrush
—
5
1
--
1
1
Louisiana Waterthrush
--
2
35
— .
6
23
11
11
7
Kentucky Warbler
—
10
57
—
16
14
49
—
1
Connecticut Warbler
1
Yellowthroat
23
21
72
13
50
35
128
17
31
Yellow-breasted Chat
3
13
56
3
32
29
68
12
29
Hooded Warbler
—
3
6-
—
18
20
22
5
13
Wilson's Warbler
1
1
Canada Warbler
2
1
7
__
14
American Redstart
—
4
12
--
11
—
17
3
5
House Sparrow
359
30
135
111
44
126
356
83
181
Bobolink
40
7
—
..
30
89
39
—
—
Eastern Meadowlark
38
55
349
136
81
110
636
161
222
Red-winged Blackbird
500
304
182
64
75
237
839
65
153
Orchard Oriole
2
6
71
3
11
11
58
11
14
Baltimore Oriole
19
2
17
—
2
1
6
7
7
Rusty Blackbird
—
—
3
—
--
8
1
—
3
Common Grackle
1,000
220
889
152
84
259 1
,302
294
811
Br, -headed Cowbird
237
300
179
43
36
187
248
35
70
Scarlet Tanager
—
9
24
—
9
2
47
—
19
Summer Tanager
3
14
48
8
22
16
44
11
5
Cardinal
57
46
345
113
82
133
524
71
206
Rose-br, Grosbeak
—
15
11
1
12
11
31
3
21
Blue Grosbeak
1
2
1
7
14
12
3
1
Indigo Bunting
31
63
119
3
120
70
70
10
66
Dickcissel
21
4
--
1
6
Purple Finch
6
1
—
Pine Siskin
1
American Goldfinch
235
36
693
162
23
52
601
73
106
Ru. -sided Towhee
1
24
121
64
28
135
291
82
94
Savannah Sparrow
2
13
10
48
9
-.
Grasshopper Sparrow
—
7
—
4
19
7
19
7
2
Vesper Sparrow
3
—
—
3
Lark Sparrow
2
2
Bachman's Sparrow
1
—
Slate-colored Junco
22
Chipping Sparrow
2
10
101
13
29
22
67
40
44
Field Sparrow
12
31
118
43
27
70
191
24
62
White-cr. Sparrow
4
28
9
22
10
4
54
20
5
White-thr. Sparrow
12
56
140
51
—
99
354
38
15
Lincoln's Sparrow
1
2
—
—
2
2
2
—
—
Swamp Sparrow
—
7
5
—
1
10
20
1
1
Song Sparrow
14
8
59
245
26
140
TOTAL SPECIES
96
135
128
74
127
139
147
117
137
[VoL. 39, 1968]
34
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
KNOXVILLE — All of Knox County was included in the count, as in pre-
vious years. 28 April 1968; Overcast with temperatures from 50° to 68° F.
The Least Bittern and Semipalmated Sandpipers were found by Beth Lacy. The
bittern had been present several days. The Blue Goose, which appears on the
list for the first time, wintered in the area with some semi-domesticated ducks,
and was seen on the count by Mr. and Mrs. John Elson. The Green-winged
Teal, also listed on the count for the first time, was found by Dr. J. C. How-
ell. The Upland Plover was found by Dr. James T. Tanner and Fred Alsop.
The Olive-sided Flycatcher, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Lincoln’s Sparrows
were found by James M. Campbell and Danny Ellis. The Swainson’s Warbler,
the first county record except for television tower kills, was identified in some
rhododendron on House Mountain by its song by Paul Pardue and Chris Mc-
Millan. It had been seen in the same area earlier by Pardue. Total Species: 147.
Forty-seven observers. J. B. Owen (compiler).
GREENE VILLE — Same areas covered as on previous spring counts. 28
April 1968; Foggy to partly cloudy; temperature 5 5° F. 27 April 1968, 11:00
p.M. to 28 April 1968, 11:00 p.m. Total Species: 117. Nineteen observers.
Marjorie Clemens, Elva Darnell, Helen Bartnett, Mr. and Mrs. George
Fisher, Mr. and Mrs. King Guat, Dr. J. S. Jeffers, David Johnson, John Lloyd,
Mr. and Mrs. Roger Miller, J. S. McGuire, Joe Neill, Willie Ruth Nevius,
Richard Nevius (compiler), Andy Seay, Dr. and Mrs. Royal Spees.
ELIZABETHTON — ^Most of Carter County was included on the count,
along with adjacent parts of Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Coun-
ties, to include Shady Valley, Boone, Patrick Henry, Watauga, and Wilbur
Lakes, Roan Mountain (6285 ft), and Unaka Mountain (4957 ft.). 6:00 p.m.
4 May 1968 to 6:00 p.m. 5 May 1968. The weather was cloudy to partly
cloudy and windy for most of the count period; temperature 48° to 72° F. The
White-rumped Sandpipers were observed at close range (10 ft.) by Mrs. Harold
Dillenbeck, Joy Dillenbeck, and Mrs. George Dove. The Connecticut Warbler
was observed by E. E. Davidson. Fred W. Behrend heard the Pine Siskin on
Roan Mountain. Total Species: 137. Charles R. Smith (compiler).
SAVANNAH — 5 May 1968; clear, little wind except on Pickwick Lake,
40° to 80° F. The Mourning Warbler, our only sighting for this area, was
watched by David Patterson from a distance of about 25 feet for about one
minute. It showed some gray under the bill and a slight white fringe between
the black bib and the yellow breast, was otherwise like the spring male illus-
tration in A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS, by Roger T. Peterson. Total
Species: 112. Five observers.
Jerry Mathis, David E. Patterson (compiler), Mike Patterson, John Wil-
liams, Bob Wint.
Pied-billed Grebe (1); Green Heron (1); Little Blue Heron (1); Ameri-
can Bittern (1); Blue-winged Teal (18); Wood Duck (2); Turkey Vulture
(10); Red-tailed Hawk (5); Broad-winged Hawk (2); Osprey (1); Bob-
white (28); Sora (2); Semipalmated Plover (1); Killdeer (21); Common
Snipe (1); Spotted Sandpiper (5); Solitary Sandpiper (10); Lesser Yellow-
legs (3); Least Sandpiper (3); Mourning Dove (51); Chuck-will’s-widow
(7); Whip-poor-will (21); Common Nighthawk (8); Chimney Swift (17);
Ruby-throated Hummingbird (5); Belted Kingfisher (4); Yellow-shafted
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
35
Flicker (4); Pileated Woodpecker (12); Red-bellied Woodpecker (19); Red-
headed Woodpecker (2); Hairy Woodpecker (6); Downy Woodpecker (9);
Eastern Kingbird (30); Great Crested Flycatcher (15); Eastern Phoebe (3);
Acadian Flycatcher (7); Eastern Wood Pewee (12); Horned Lark (1);
Rough- winged Swallow (25); Barn Swallow (26); Cliff Swallow (67); Pur-
ple Martin (15); Blue Jay (53); Common Crow (21); Carolina Chickadee
(23); Tufted Titmouse (19); White-breasted Nuthatch (2); Brown Creeper
(3) ; Bewick’s Wren (26); Carolina Wren (10); Short-billed Marsh Wren
(2); Mockingbird (3); Catbird (12); Brown Thrasher (17); Robin (15);
Wood Thrush (38); Swainson’s Thrush (2); Gray-cheeked Thrush (2); East-
ern Bluebird (24); Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (26); Cedar Waxwing (4); Log-
gerhead Shrike (5); Starling (33); White-eyed Vireo (48); Yellow- throated
Vireo (4); Red-eyed Vireo (6); Black-and-white Warbler (4); Prothonotary
Warbler (19); Worm-eating Warbler (3); Blue-winged Warbler (18); Ten-
nessee Warbler (5); Nashville Warbler (1); Parula Warbler (2); Yellow
Warbler (2); Myrtle Warbler (4); Cerulean Warbler (3); Blackburnian War-
bler (1); Yellow- throated Warbler (4); Blackpoll Warbler (4); Prairie War-
bler (10); Palm Warbler (3); Ovenbird (8); Northern Water thrush (5);
Louisiana Waterthrush (11); Kentucky Warbler (7); Mourning Warbler (1);
Yellowthroat (34); Yellow-breasted Chat (41); Hooded Warbler (2); Ameri-
can Redstart (2); House Sparrow (32); Eastern Meadowlark (46); Red-
winged Blackbird (73); Orchard Oriole (11); Common Crackle (162);
Brown-headed Cowbird (84); Scarlet Tanager (1); Summer Tanager (21);
Cardinal (93); Rose-breasted Grosbeak (8); Blue Grosbeak (4); Indigo Bun-
ting (98); Dickcissel (19); American Goldfinch (96); Rufous-sided Towhee
(22); Savannah Sparrow (42); Grasshopper Sparrow (8); Chipping Sparrow
(28); Field Sparrow (9); White- throated Sparrow (31); Lincoln’s Sparrow
(4) ; Swamp Sparrow (11).
(Editor’s note: The SAVANNAH count arrived after the tables had been prepared, there-
fore it was necessary to set the count in paragraph form.)
CORRECTION
Under THE SEASON, Vol. 3 8, page 51, the maximum number of Greater
Yellowlegs appearing in line one should read "6” instead of "16” for 17, 26
April. Mr. Kenneth Dubke called this error to the attention of the Editorial
Staff.
[Vol. 39, 1968]
36
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
T. O. S. ANNUAL MEETING, 1968
BY Helen B. Dinkelspiel, Secretary
The 5 3rd Annual Meetings of the Board of Directors of the Tennessee
Ornithological Society was held at 1:30 p.m. on 11 May, 1968 in the Biology
Building of Tennessee Technological University at Cookeville, Tennessee.
The meeting was called to order by Chairman of the Board, Robert W.
McGowan, with thirty-four officers, directors, and proxies, present.
Copies of the minutes having been distributed to officers and directors
present, Mr. John Ellis made a motion that the reading of the minutes be
dispensed with. Motion was seconded and carried.
Treasurer: Miss Annella Creech, Treasurer, reported. A motion was made
by Miss Alice Smith to accept the Treasurer’s report as read. Motion was sec-
onded and carried. A copy of the Treasurer’s report will occur in a later
issue of THE MIGRANT.
Editor: Dr. Lee Herndon reported on the problems involved in the pub-
lishing and mailing of THE MIGRANT, and suggested having a Business
Manager.
Mrs. Ben Coffey made a motion that the Executive Officers meet with the
Editorial Staff to find out what the duties of a Business Manager should be,
and then meet with the Board to see if action could be taken before the end
of the Cookeville meeting. The motion was seconded and carried.
Curator: Mr. Albert Ganier gave a report on the duties of a Curator.
Audit Report: Mr. John O. Ellis, Chairman of the Finance Commttiee,
reported no irregularities in the Treasurer’s records or books, and that adequate
records were maintained. Copy of the Audit Report is attached to the Minutes.
Finance Committee: On Recommendations requiring action:
Item First: Mr. John Ellis, Chairman, made a motion that: "The motion
voted by the 1950 Directors at the annual meeting of the Tennessee Ornitho-
logical Society, as reported in the June 195 0 issue of THE MIGRANT, page
3 3, having to do with certain individual members, who, having been members
of the Society for 3 5 years, or who, having been members for 2 5 years and
having attained age 6 5, being declared members in good standing and no fur-
ther payment of dues on their part required, applied only to those five indi-
vidual members meeting such requirements as of the date of the action taken
and was intended to honor only the founders of the Society living at that
time.” Motion was seconded and carried.
Item Second: Mr. John Ellis made a motion that the Proposed Budget for
Year May 196 8 -May 1969 be approved, excepting deletion of the amount in-
tended for reprints of articles, and this amount shifted to Reserve for Con-
tingencies. The motion was seconded and carried. Detailed copy of Proposed
Budget is attached to the Minutes.
Item Third: Mr. John Ellis made a motion that, effective for the year be-
ginning 1 January 1969 the annual membership dues be increased
as follows:
Type Membership
Current Amount
New Amount
Individual
$2.50
$3.00
Family
3.00
4.00
Corresponding (out of state)
2.00
3.00
Libraries and Subscribers
2.00
3.00
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
37
The motion was seconded and carried unanimously with 20 in favor and
0 opposed. Detailed copy of Report of Finance Committee is attached to the
Minutes.
T.O.S. Arm Badges: Mrs. E. M. West, Chairman, reported on the amount
transmitted to the Treasurer following the 1967 meeting and the amount
transmitted in April 1968. Mrs. West also pointed out that the Chapters were
not doing their duty to promote the patches and checklists. Mrs. Joe Moss, Jr.,
was introduced by Mrs. West. Mrs. Moss replaces Mrs. West, who will be
leaving the state, as new Arm Badge Chairman.
Resolution: Miss Ella Ragland, Chairman of the Resolutions Committee,
requested deferment of the reading of the Resolutions until the Business Meet-
ing.
Membership Committee: Mr. Kenneth Dubke, Chairman, reported that the
Membership Committee had not functioned in an organizational way, but had
worked, as usual, on an individual basis.
Nominating Committee: Mrs. W. F. Bell, Sr., Chairman, through Miss Mary
Davant, nominated Dr. George Mayfield, Jr. as President-elect. The nomina-
tion was approved for presentation to the Membership.
Finance Committee: May 196 8 -May 1969 — The Board approved the mem-
bership for the Finance Committee for the ensuing year as follows: Mr. Henry
Parmer, Chairman, Mr. Kirby Stringer, Mr. Eugene Cypert, Mr. Edward King,
and Miss Annella Creech, Treasurer.
Conservation: Miss Louise Nunnally made a motion to accept the proposal
of the President, Mr. Robert W. McGowan, that Mr. Mack Prichard, Parks
Naturalist, Division of State Parks, act as coordinator of Conservation Ac-
tivities of Tennessee Ornithological Society. Motion was seconded and carried.
There being no further business the meeting adjourned.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING
The Annual Business Meeting of the Tennessee Ornithological Society was
held in the Cafeteria of the Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville,
Tennessee on 11 May 1968, following the Banquet.
The President, Mr. Robert W. McGowan, presided. He extended a welcome
to all, with particular mention, and presentation, of the founders of the Ten-
nessee Ornithological Society, Messrs. Dixon Merritt and Albert Ganier, as well
as Mrs. George Mayfield, Sr., wife of one of the founders of the Society. Mr.
McGowan expressed his appreciation for the fine organization and all the effort
put forth by the members of the Upper Cumberland Chapter, at Cookeville,
to make the meeting a success. There were 151 present.
The following former presidents of the Tennessee Ornithological Society
were introduced:
Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Mr. Ben B. Coffey, Mrs. Harold Garlinghouse, Mr.
Paul Pardue, Mr. Albert Ganier, and Dr. Lee Herndon.
With the consent of the membership present, the minutes of the 1967
Business meeting were dispensed with.
Miss Annella Creech, Treasurer, gave a summary of her report as made to
the Board of Directors, and announced that copies of the Treasurer’s Report
[VoL. 39, 1968]
38
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
were available at the meeting. The Treasurer’s report was approved as read.
Mr. Dixon Merritt made a motion to accept the recommendation of the
Executive Officers and the Editorial Staff to hire an individual for circulation
services to the Editorial Staff, to prepare labels, make file card changes, stuff,
sort, and mail THE MIGRANT. The motion was seconded and carried.
Mrs. Edward Carpenter made a motion to accept the recommendation of
the Board of Directors to increase dues, 1 January 1969. The motion was
seconded and carried.
Mr. Wallace Coffey, Vice President from East Tennessee, extended an in-
vitation from East Tennessee for the meting in 1968, with details to be forth-
coming.
Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, State Coordinator for the U. S. Fish and Wild-
life Cooperative Breeding Survey, gave a report on the survey made in 1967.
The Survey showed an increase of 3000 birds on the routes covered, with four
additional routes having been added over the previous year. Dr. Goodpasture
requested that routes be covered for 1968 before June 20, if possible.
Miss Ella Ragland, Resolutions Chairman, read the Resolutions of her Com-
mittee, copy of which is attached to the Minutes. Dr. Cummins made a mo-
tion to accept the Resolutions. The motion was seconded and carried.
Miss Mary Davant, acting for Mrs. W. F. Bell, iSr., Chairman of the Nomi-
nating Committee, presented the name of Dr. George Mayfield, Jr., as Presi-
dent-elect for 1968-1969, as approved by the Board. The nomination of Dr.
Mayfield was accepted.
Mrs. Bryon Paul, President of the Lebanon Chapter, gave a report, written
by Mrs. Dixon Merritt, on the establishment of a Bird Sanctuary in Lebanon,
with details concerning the work done in the schools with poster contests on
birds, and the effort put forth to educate the public concerning protection of
bird life, and conservation.
Mr. McGowan introduced the speaker, Mr. Arthur Stupka, retired Park
Naturalist of the Smoky Mountain National Park, who gave an illustrated talk
on "Through the Year in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park.”
There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.
STEERING COMMITTEE
M. K. Richmond, Program-Housing, General Arrangements
Members of this committee: Mr. F. R. Toline, Mr. Robert Toline
Mr. Bill Jones, Field Trips
Mr. Don Collier, Field Trips
Members of this committee: Mr. Roy Hines, Dr. P. L. Hollister, Dr. More-
head
Miss Marie White, Food Service
Members of this committee: Miss Chrissa Wendt, Mrs. James Haile, Mrs.
F. R. Toline, Miss Elizabeth Killefer
Miss Beulah Clark, Registration and Finance
Members of this committee: Mrs. Betty Williams, Mrs. E. B. Knight, Mrs.
J. T. Moore, Mrs. Glen Myriek, Mrs. Amy Johnson, Mrs. Thelma Tinnon,
Mr. Glen Myriek, Dr. John O. Cummins
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
39
Mrs. John O. Ctimmins, Public Relations, Publicity
Members of this committee: Dr. Sidney McGee, Mrs. Sidney McGee
RESOLUTIONS
The members of the Tennessee Ornithological Society, having assembled at
its 5 3rd annual meeting 10, 11, 12 May 1968, and having been graciously
entertained by the Cookeville Chapter wish to express their appreciation to the
following:
To our host chapter
To the president, the chairmen and appointed members of each committee.
To each member of the Cookeville organization who worked diligently to
make the meeting a success.
To the administrative staff of the Tennessee Technological University and
the participating personnel of the Biology Department.
Resolved that we acknowledge the value of those who are responsible for
the coordination and presentation of the informative program and the officers
who have worked to further the success of the T.O.S.
Be it further resolved that our thanks be extended to the speakers of the
Paper Session, Dr. P. L. Hollister presiding: Mr. Fred J. Alsop III, Mr. Kenneth
H. Dubke, Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, Mr. Albert Ganier, and to the speaker
at our banquet, Mr. Arthur Stupka.
And be it resolved that special recognition be accorded our founders, Mr.
Dixon Merritt and Mr. Albert Ganier for their continued interest and inspira-
tion.
Ella Ragland, Mary Davant, Norine Smith
★ ★ ★ ★
THE SECOND ANNUAL TENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL SYMPOSIUM
The second annual symposium is to be held 26-27 October 1968 at the
Pete Smith’s Watts-Bar Resort, Watts Bar Dam, Tennessee. Phone: 36 5-663 8.
The symposium begins Saturday at 12:00 noon EST and concludes following
a breif field trip to nearby Hiwassee Island to view the waterfowl concentra-
tions, early Sunday afternoon. At least seven speakers are committed for this
year’s program which will focus attention on various research projects cur-
rently being carried out and dealing with areas that participants may wish
to explore. The symposium is strictly informal with the greates emphasis
placed upon round table discussions and the advancement of field studies in
Tennessee.
★ ★ ★ ★
[VoL. 39, 1968]
40
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
THE PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF 'THE SEASON”
BY Charles R. Smith
Beginning with this issue of THE MIGRANT, you will notice a new for-
mat for ^^The Season.” The state has now been divided into four natural physi-
ographic regions with season reports representing each of these regions. The
arrangement of these regions can be seen on the accompanying map. Since it
is hard to say definitely and exactly where one natural region ends and an-
other begins, the boundaries of these regions are of necessity only approxima-
tions and follow county lines merely as a means to make orientation conven-
ient. All available references on the natural physiographic regions of the United
States were consulted before the present arrangement for Tennessee was de-
termined. Those regions indicated on the map of Tennessee are continuous
throughout most of the adjoining states.
By this time you are probably wondering why the regional system was
adopted for seasonal reporting purposes. Prior to this time, all season reports
have been designated by the city from which they were submitted. Unfortu-
nately, this method of reporting was based on political boundaries rather than
natural barriers. As you will probably realize, birds do not and can not recog-
nize political boundaries such as city limits, county lines, and state lines. They
can and do, however, conform in some way to those geographic features which
form natural barriers to their movement. Also, accompanying these geographic
features are climatic conditions which tend to restrict certain bird species to
specific areas. Vegetational differences also accompany these geographic and
climatic differences and contribute to the habitat requirements of certain spe-
cies of birds. Some species, such as the Starling, can adapt to almost any type
of habit situation, but other species, such as the Raven, are more restricted in
their range. Our present regional system is designed so that a more logical and
natural association is established between bird species and the natural regions
in which they normally occur.
^^The Season” is now organized so that each region has a single Regional
Coordinator who collects the information from his region to go into ^^The
Season.” The names and addresses of these coordinators will be found along
with their regional reports in ^^The Season.” For our purposes, the seasons as
reported in THE MIGRANT are arranged chronologically as follows: spring
(February, March, April), summer (May, June, July), fall (August, Septem-
ber, October), winter (November, December, January). As members of the
Tennessee Ornithological Society, it is the responsibility of each of you to sub-
mit information on your observations of birds to your regional coordinators
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
41
for publication in THE MIGRANT. You can send information in any form,
post card or letter, typed or handwritten, to the Regional Coordinator for that
region in which you made the observation. Be sure that your report of an
observation gets to the Regional Coordinator during the season (as noted
above) in which you made the observation and contains at least the following
information: name of bird, when it was seen, who saw it, where it was seen
(be as exact as possible), and how many were seen. The value of observations
submitted without all of the preceeding information is very limited, and it is
doubtful that observations submitted without such information could even be
used in some cases. It is imperative that only information for ^^Tbe Season” be
sent to Regional Coordinators. All other material should go to the Editorial
Staff for publication. With your help, we will be able to prepare ^^The Sea-
son” more thoroughly and record information more adequately for anyone who
needs such information for any reason in the future. "The Season” is the only
part of THE MIGRANT devoted wholly to the routine observations of the
membership of the T.O.S. It is your duty to provide those who prepare ^^The
Season” with the information needed to make it useful to future researchers
and to give us an adequate picture of the present status of the birds of Ten-
nessee.
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
Those reports which follow include data from the period from 1 February
through 30 April 1968. The month of February was unseasonably cold and
dry. Records of the U. S. Weather Bureau indicate that February 1968 was
the driest February since 1941. Daily temperatures were consistently below
normal, with the exception of a brief period of mild weather around the third
of the month. East Tennessee was the driest section of the state, with pre-
cipitation totals averaging as much as four inches below the normal levels for
February.
March and April were generally average with respect to the weather. A
snowstorm over the West and Middle portions of the state from 21-23 March
left from six to sixteen inches of snow in most areas, with Memphis experi-
encing its second heaviest snowfall on record. The Eastern portion of the state
experienced only snow flurries during the above period. Where there was heavy
snow, considerable damage was done to shrubs and trees. Temperature and
precipitation levels for the month of April were approximately normal in most
areas.
Some of the more noteworthy records for this season follow, along with
the areas in which they occurred: Western Coastal Plain: Rough-legged Hawk
at Dyersburg, Purple and Common Gallinules at Reelfoot, Henslow’s Sparrow
at Savannah. Central Plateau and Basin: Little Blue Heron at Old Hickory
Lake, Harris’ Sparrow at Nashville. Eastern Ridge and Valley: Cattle Egrets
at Chattanooga and Greeneville, Barnacle Goose at Knoxville (appears to be the
first state record of that species). White-winged Scoters throughout most of
the region, increasing records of Greater Scaup, with more people concentra-
ting on proper identification of this species. Peregrine Falcon and Pigeon Hawk
near Knoxville ,Purple Gallinule at Oak Ridge, Red-cockaded Woodpecker
[VoL. 39, 1968]
42
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
near Chattanooga, Tree Sparrows at Knoxville and Johnson City. Eastern
Mountains: Pine Siskins and Red Crossbills in The Smokies (hardly any re-
ported from other regions during this period). The Central Plateau and Basin
Region reported that the waterfowl populations were very small for this period
and that the warbler migration was very poor. Northern finches remained
scarce or nonexistant throughout all regions of the state for this report period.
Further details of the above observations will be found in the following season
reports under their appropriate regional headings.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEG\01<^—Grebes-Mergans'ers: Horned
Grebe: 10 Feb. (1) S. Pied-billed Grebe: 28 Feb. (1), 5 Apr. (5) R, all sea-
son (1-6) S. Double-crested Cormorant: 8 Mar. (1), 25 Mar. (9) R. Great
Blue Heron: 31 Mar. (5), 13 Apr. (3) R, 28 Apr. (1) S. Green Heron: 8
Apr. (1) R. Little Blue Heron: 31 Mar. (1), 13 Apr. (2) R. Cattle Egret:
18 Apr. (20) R (BS), 27 Apr. (69) R (EC, MLC). Common Egret: 31 Mar.
(11), 13 Apr. (2) R. Black-crowned Night Heron: 6 Apr. (2) R. Yellow-
crowned Night Heron: 6 Apr. (2) R. Canada Goose: 23 Feb. (13,000) R
(RR). Snow Goose: 8 Mar. (3) R. Blue Goose: 8 Mar. (7) R. Mallard: 29
Mar. (110), 27 Apr. (156) R. Black Duck: 4 Feb. (100), 22 Mar. (10) R.
Gadwall: 4 Feb. (125), 22 Mar. (10) R. Pintail: 9 Feb. (115), 15 Mar. (15)
R. Green-winged Teal: (23 Feb. (40) R (RR). Blue-winged Teal: 29 Mar.
(1,100) R. American Widgeon: 29 Mar. (450) R. Shoveler: 29 Mar. (650)
R. Wood Duck: 29 Mar. (75 0) R, 22 Apr. nest. Lesser Scaup: 29 Mar. (325 )
R. Common Goldeneye: 16 Feb. (15) R. Bufflehead: 4 Feb. (10) R. Hooded
Merganser: 31 Mar. (2), 13 Apr. (1) R. Red-breasted Merganser: 27 Apr.
(2) R.
Hawk-Owls: Cooper’s Hawk: 15 Mar. (1) D (KL). Broad-winged Hawk:
9 Apr. (1) S. Rough-legged Hawk: 27 Mar. (1) D (KL). Bald Eagle: 11
Feb. (3) R. Marsh Hawk: 3 Feb. (1) S, 31 Mar. (1) R. Sora: 29 Apr. (1)
R. Purple Gallinule: 29 Apr. (1) R (RR). Common Gallinule: 8 Apr. (1) R
(RR). American Coot: 29 Mar. (3,100) R. Golden Plover: 30 Mar. (30) S.
Common Snipe: 26 Apr. (2) R. Spotted Sandpiper: 27 Apr. (3) R, (2) S.
Solitary Sandpiper: 20 Apr. (8) (1) S, 27 Apr. (9) R. Greater Yellowlegs:
27 Apr. (5) R. Lesser Yellowlegs: 3 Apr. (2) R. Pectoral Sandpiper: 27 Apr.
(3) R (EC, MLC). Least Sandpiper: 27 Apr. (6) R. Herring Gull: 27 Apr.
(3) S, 29 Apr. (2) R. Ring-billed Gull: 29 Apr. (3) R, all season (2 5) S.
Great Horned Owl: 31 Mar. (1) R. Barred Owl: 31 Mar. (2) R. Short-eared
Owl: (1-3) M (BH).
Goatsuckers — Vireos: Chuck-will’s-widow: 18 Apr. (1) S. Whip-poor-will:
18 Mar. (1), next 29 Mar. (1) S. Chimney Swift: 1 Apr. (6) R. Eastern
Kingbird: 8 Apr. (1), 13 Apr. (2) S. Great Crested Flycatcher: 17 Apr. (2)
S. Least Flycatcher: 19 Apr. (1) S (DP, banded). Eastern Wood Pewee: 31
Mar. (2) R (JL, KL), 18 Apr. (1) S. Tree Swallow: 31 Mar. (50) R, 13
Apr. (1,000) R. Cliff Swallow: 6 Apr. (5) S. Purple Martin: 12 Mar. (4) S.
Fish Crow: 16 Mar. (5) R (MLC). Wood Thrush: 8 Apr. (2) S.
Warblers]: Worm-eating: 13 Apr. (2) S. Blue- winged: 13 Apr. (6) S.
Tennessee: 4 Apr. (1) S (DP), then from 21 Apr. on. Cerulean: 13 Apr. (3)
S. Blackpoll: 13 Apr. (1) S. Pine: 10 Mar. (5) singing, S. Prairie: 7 Apr. (1)
S. Ovenbird: 11 Apr. (1) S. Connecticut: 19 Apr (2) LL (JL, KL). Yellow-
throat: 6 Apr. (1) S. Hooded: 9 Apr. (1) S.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
43
Bobolink-Sparrows: Bobolink: 27 Apr. (30) S. Western Meadolark: 2 Feb.
(1), 2 Mar. (1) R. Orchard Oriole: 14 Apr. (1). Scarlet Tanager: 11 Apr.
(1), 13 Apr. (2) S. Blue Grosbeak: 20 Apr. (2) R, 20 Apr. (2) S. Pine
Siskin: 23 Mar. (10), 6 Apr. (1) S. Henslow’s Sparrow: 6, 7 Apr. (1) S
(banded, DP). Vesper Sparrow: 23 Mar. (4), 2 Apr. (1) S. Lincoln’s Sparrow:
27 Apr. (1) R.
Locations: D-Dyersburg LL-Land-Between-the-Lakes, M-Memphis, R-Reel-
foot Lake and Tiptonville, S-Savannah.
Observers: BC-Ben Coffey, EC-Eugene Cypert, MLC-Mary Louise Cypert,
BH-Bob Holt, JL-Janice Leggett, KL-Kenneth Leggett, JM-Jerry Mathis, DP-
David Patterson, MP-Mike Patterson, RR-Reelfoot Refuge Personnel, BS-Betty
Sumara.
DAVID E. PATTERSON, Harbart Hills Academy, Olive Hill 3 8475.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Pied-billed
Grebe: 3 0 Apr. (1) adult with (6) small young RL (MCW), 2nd. NA nest-
ing record. Great Blue Heron: very scarce. Green Heron: 9 Apr. (3) RL
(MCW). Little Blue Heron: 25 Mar. (1) OHL (MCW), 22 days earliest
ever for these summer visitors. Geese: no reports. Ducks: very scarce. Broad-
winged Hawk: 30 Mar. (1) PWP (LOT), 2nd. March record NA. Golden
Eagle: 2 Mar. (2) one mile north WB (MCW). Marsh Hawk: almost absent.
Sparrow Hawk: from normal to very scarce by end of period. Bobwhite:
seemed more plentiful in NA. American Coot: scarce OHL, (100) wintered
RL (MCW). Killdeer: very scarce.
Sand piper s-T brushes: Common Snipe: 25 Mar. (2) OHL (MCW), only
report. Solitary Sandpiper: several late Apr. records; almost no other shorebird
reports. Ring-billed Gull: scarce, with OHL reports of (2 5) 31 Jan. down to
(9) 23 Apr. (LOT). Yellow-billed Cuckoo: late and fairly scarce. Whip-poor-
will: 28 Mar. (1) home (HCM). Common Nighthawk: 18 Apr. (1) home
(HCM). Chimney Swift: 4 Apr. (6) home (HCM), a week later than aver-
age. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 14 Apr. (1) home (JC). Red-headed
Woodpecker: very scarce during usual Apr. movement. Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker: 27 Apr. (1) RL (MCW). Eastern Kingbird: plentiful in late Apr.
Least Flycatcher: 23 Apr. (1) banded TJ’s (KAG). Wood Pewee: 17 Apr.
(1) RL (MCW), ties earliest record. Tree Swallow: 24 Mar. (2) RL (MCW).
Rough-winged Swallow: 24 Mar. (1) SHV (KAG, HCM). Barn swallow: 27
Mar. (1) OHL (MCW). Cliff Swallow: 27 Apr. (40) pairs building nests RR
(AFG). Purple Martin: 12 Mar. (3) home WB (MCW). Winter Wren: 11
Apr. (1) BS (KAG). Transient thrushes: fairly common.
Vireos-Warblers: Vireos: below normal and a few days later than average:
Blue-winged Warbler: 9 Apr. (2) RL (MCW). Tennessee: late and scarce,
25 Apr. (3) home (MCW). Yellow: 9 Apr. (1) MBP (MCW). No reports
of Magnolia, Black-throated Green, Bluckburnian, Chestnut-sided, or Bay-
breasted. Blackpoll: 27 Apr. (2) RL (MCW). Palm: 17 Apr. (1) RL
(MCW). Palm: 17 Apr. (1) RL (MCW). Northern Waterthrush: early, 7
Apr. (1) home (NE). Louisiana Waterthrush: 15 Mar. (1) BS (KAG). Yel-
lowthroat: 9 Apr. (1) RL (MCW). Hooded: 12 Apr. (1) home (JOE).
Redstart: 11 Apr. (2) BS (KAG). It was a very poor warbler migration.
Blackbirds-Sparrows: Bobolink: no reports. Orioles: late and scarce. Rusty
[VoL. 39, 1968]
44
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Blackbird: 27 Apr. (1) FV (AC), (2) TJ’s (HCM, HEP), 28 Apr. (1) Tj’s
(HEP), nine days latest ever NA. Common Crackle: unusually common at
beginning of their nesting season. Scarlet Tanager: 14 Apr. (1) BS (KAG).
Rose-breasted Grosbeak: very scarce. Blue Grosbeak: 27 Apr. (1) CW (SB).
Indigo Bunting: 17 Apr. (2) SHV (KAG). Lark Sparrow: 10 Apr. (1)
Murfreesboro (HCM). Slate-colored Junco: still well below normal. Tree Spar-
row: 23 Mar. (4) home (EM). Harris’ Sparrow: 11, 14, 15 Feb. (1) home
(HH). White-throated Sparrow: still scarce through period. Swamp Sparrow:
27 Apr. (1) Tj’s (HEP).
Locations: BS — Basin Springs, CW — ^Cheekwood, FV— Fernvale, MBP^ —
Montgomery Bell Park, NA — ^Nashville Area, OHL — Old Hickory Lake, PWP
— Percy Warner Park, RL — Radnor Lake, RR— River Road, SHV — ^South
Harpeth Valley, Tj’s Two Jays Sanctuary, WB — ^Woodbury, Tenn.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, JC — ^Mrs. Jack Clarke, AC — Annella Creech, NE
— Mrs. Nelson Elam, JOE — John O. Ellis, AEG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG —
Katherine A. Goodpasture, HH — Hellen Hodgson, HCM — Harry C. Monk,
EM — Fanny Murphy, HEP — ^Henry E. Parmer, LOT — ^Lawrence O. Trabue,
MCW— Mary C. Wood.
HENRY E. PARMER, 3 800 Richland Ave. Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— Loons-Mergansers: Com-
mon Loon: regular throughout period, max. 15 Apr. (9) SHL (WC). Horned
Grebe: regular, max, and last 31 Mar. (52) ELL (JMC, CM). Green Heron:
first 14 Feb. (1) ELD (PP). Cattle Egret: 5 Apr. (1) AM (JD), 15-25 Apr.
(15) G (RN). Common Egret: 4 Apr. (1) CL (PP). 22 Apr. (1) LC (DJ).
Black-crowned Night Heron: 31 Mar. (1) G (RN), 24 Apr. (15) nesting C
(PP), 29 Apr. (1) CL (PP). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 31 Mar. (1) G
(RN). 13, 29 Apr. (2) HM (PP), 14 Apr. (4) nesting AM (KD). Least
Bittern 4 Apr. (1) K (JBO), 26 Apr. (1) K (PP). American Bittern: 5
Apr. (1) AM, (JD), 15 Apr. (1) N (PP). Canada Goose: regular throughout
period; max. (400) CL (FO) until 17 Mar.; small numbers between CL and
CH throughout entire period. Barnacle Goose: 11 Feb. -17 Mar. (2) CL (TK,
KOS), first state record. White-fronted Goose: 25, 27, 29 Mar. (1) HRA
(KD, PP, RS). Snow Goose: 1 Feb. -17 Mar. (4) CL (FO). Blue Goose:
throughout period (1) K (JE), 18, 25, 29 Mar. (1) HRA (KD, RS). Mal-
lard: regular through 10 Apr. (2) BC (PP) ; max. 13 Feb. (425) HRA
(KD.) Black Duck: regular through 27 Apr. (1) K (PP) ; max. 17 Fdb.
(20) K (JMC, RME). Gadwall: regular through 14 Apr. (3) A M(KD);
max. 24 Feb. (70) ELL (JMC, RME). Pintail: scattered records 17 Feb.-
31 Mar.; max. (1) during that period ELL. Green- winged Teal: small num-
bers throughout period; max. 19 Feb. (10) CL (PP). Blue-winged Teal:
regular in small numbers 19 Mar.-30> Apr.; first 19 Mar. (4) SHL (WC) ;
max. 5 Apr. (45) AM (JD). American Widgeon: regular throughout pe-
riod; max. 12 Mar. (117) HRA (KD). Shoveler: small numbers through
14 Apr. (2) AM (KD); max. 1 Apr. (12) CL (PP). Redhead: regular
in small numbers through 2 5 Mar. (2) BL; max. 7 Mar. (49) ChL (PP).
Ring-necked Duck: regular through 3 0 Mar. (2) SHL (WC). Canvasback:
only on 11 Mar. (3) CL (PP). Greater Scaup: 18 Feb. (60) ELL (EA),
Mar. (25 8) BWP (JD). Lesser Scaup: regular throughout period; max.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
45
31 Mar. (375) CH (JD) and 3 Apr. (450) FED (PP). Commno Gold-
eneye: regular through 23 Mar. (6) BWP (JD); max. 24 Feb. (125) BL
(CRS). Bulllehead: regular throughout period; max. 27 Mar. (106) HRA
(PP). Oldsquaw: 26 Feb. (3) SHE (WC, BS), 3 Apr. (1) FED (PP). White-
winged Scoter: 3 Feb. (7) PHE (WC, TWF, AS), 7 Feb. (2) BE (HD),
24 Feb. (15) BE (WC, ERH, CRS), 24 Mar. (6) BE (ERH), 16, 26 Feb.,
23 Mar. (1) BWP (JD, KD), 31 Mar. (5) FEE (JMC, CM), 27 Apr. (2)
FEE (CM). Ruddy Duck: 31 Mar. (2) BWP (JD), 1 Apr. (1) CE (PP).
Hooded Merganser: regular in small numbers through 14 Apr. (2) AM, (KD);
max. 13 Mar. (11) C (PP). Common Merganser: 26 Feb. (2) BE (CD, HD).
Red-breasted Merganser: 19 Mar. (4) SHE (WC), 31 Mar. (2) BWP (JD),
3 Apr. (8) FED (PP).
Viiltures-Sandpipers: Turkey Vulture: regular throughout the period; max.
23 Mar. (15) K (PP). Black Vulture: very few records; max. 12 Mar. (11)
SHE (WC). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 9 Mar. (1) K (PP), 15 Apr. (1) CL
(PP). Red-tailed Hawk: present in small numbers throughout period; active
nest site 15 Apr. (2 adults) B (WC, BS) ; two active nest sites (no dates)
Ch (KD). Red-shouldered Hawk: 25 Feb. (1) K (PP). Broad-winged Hawk:
from 14 Mar. (1) OR (PP) through the period. Golden Eagle: 2 Feb. (2)
near FED (MS), 4 Mar. (1) HRA (KD). Bald Eagle. 21, 26 Feb. (1) BE
(CD, HD), 4 Mar. (1) BWP (KD), 27 Apr. (1) NL (HC). Marsh Hawk:
5 Feb. (1) BL (CD, HD), 11 Feb. (1) K (PP), 18 M,ar. (1) HRA (KD).
Osprey: from 24 Mar. (1) K (FA) through period in small numbers. Pere-
grine Falcon: 24 Feb. -2 Mar. (1) K (FA, CM, PP). Pigeon Hawk: 29 Mar.
(1) HRA (RS). Sandhill Crane: 20 Mar. (11) K (MS). King Rail: 24 Mar.
(1) AM (MiC). Sora: a few records from 5 Apr. (1) AM (JD) through pe-
riod. Purple Gallinule: 22-25 Apr. (1) OR (JMC). American Golden Plover:
23 Mar. (125) and 24 Mar. (30) K (PP, BW, IW), 25 Mar. (22) SB, HRA
(KD). Black-bellied Ploiver: 15 Apr. (1) SHE (WC, BS). American Wood-
cock: a few records throughout period; family group 29 Apr. (4) SHR
(WC). Common Snipe: present throughout period; max. 5 Apr. (75) AM
(JD). Spotted Sandpiper: first 15 Apr. (1) SHE (WC, BS). Solitary Sand-
piper: first 23 Mar. (1) K (FA, JMC, RME). Greater Yellowlegs: first 11
Mar. (2) B (KD). Lesser Yellowlegs: first 17 Mar. (4) SB (AW). Pectoral
Sandpiper: first 11 Feb. (1) K (CM), max. 2 5 Mar. (89) SB (KD). Least
Sandpiper: 2 5 Mar. (40) SB, HRA (KD). Dunlin: 2 5 Mar. (86) RHA
(KD).
Gulls-Pipits: Herring Gull: max. 26 Feb. (20) SHE (WC) ; last 29 Apr.
(1) SHE (WC, BS). Ring-billed Gull: regular throughout period; max. 18
Feb. (300) FEE (FA). Bonaparte’s Gull: 23 Mar. (22) BWP (JD), 25 Mar.
(4) CH (KD) ; five records Knoxville area between 28 Mar. and 9 Apr., with
max. 3 Apr. (149) FED (PP). Barn Owl: 9 Mar. (1) JC (MER, CRS), 15
Mar. (1) K (PP), 26 Mar. (1) G (RN); one bird regularly at AM (JD,
KD). Great Horned Owl: 4 Feb. (1) BL (WC, CRS), 14 Feb. (1) SHE
(WC), 2 5 Mar. (1) G (RN), 27 Apr. (1) H (JD). Chuck-will’s-widow:
first 13 Apr. (4) K (PP). Whip-poor-will: first 15 Apr. (1) K (PP). Com-
mon Nighthawk: first 31 Mar. (1) G (RN), extremely early. Chimney
Swift: first 5 Apr. (10) AM (JD). Red-cockaded Woodpecker: 26 Mar. (2)
TRG (KD). Eastern Kingbird: first 31 Mar. (1) G (RN). Tree Swallow:
first 22 Mar. (28) SB (KD). Bank Swallow: 27 Apr. (28) K (CM,), 30 Apr.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
46
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
(7) TRG (KD), 30 Apr. (30) ND (PP). Rough-winged Swallow: first 18
Mar. (1) K (MS). Barn Swallow: first 18 Mar. (1) ND (PP). Cliflf Swallow:
first 5 Apr. (4) AM (JD). House Wren: a few scattered records throughout
the region except for CH; first 31 Mar. (1) K (FA). Winter Wren: a few
scattered records throughout region, except the northeast portion; last 5 Apr.
(1) CH (JD). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 26 Apr. (1) K (PP). Short-billed
Marsh Wren: 22 Apr. (1) HRA (KD). Catbird: first 15 Apr. (1) K (SS).
Brown Thrasher: a few scattered records of wintering birds throughout the
region and report period. Wood Thrush: first 2 Apr. (1) OR (TM). Hermit
Thrush: last 17 Apr. (1) JC (GD, HD). Swainson’s Thrush: 23 Apr. (1) K
(MM). Biue-gray Gnatcatcher: first 30 Mar. (2) K (JMC, RME). Water
Pipit: a few scattered records throughout period.
Vireos-Warblers: White-eyed Vireo: first 3 Apr. (1) ELD (PP). Yellow-
throated Vireo: first 11 Apr. (1) K (PP). Solitary Vireo: first 3 0 Mar. (1)
K (JMC, RME). Philadelphia Vireo: 29 Apr. (2) ND (PP). Warbling Vireo:
21 Apr. (1) K (JMC et al.). Black-and-white Warbler: first 27 Mar. (1)
CH (KD). Prothonotary Warbler: first 11 Apr. (1) K (CM). Swainson’s
Warbler: 18 Apr. (1) K (PP). Worm-eating Warbler: first 15 Apr. (1) K
(RME). Golden-winged Warbler: first 16 Apr. (1) K (RME). Blue-winged
Warbler: first 16 Apr. (1) K (RME). Tennessee Warbler: first 2 5 Apr. (1)
K (PP). Orange-crowned Warbler: 21 Apr. (1) K (JMC, RME, CM, ES).
Nashville Warbler: first 20 Apr. (2) K (JMC, RME). Parula Warbler: first
16 Apr. (1) CH (KD), 16 Apr. (1) K (RME). Yellow Warbler: first 29
Mar. (1) G (RN). Cape May Warbler: 20 Apr. (1) K (JMC, RME). Black-
throated Blue Warbler: 20 Apr. (1) K (RME). Myrtle Warbler: regular
throughout period in most of region. Black-throated Green Warbler: first 15
Mar. (1) K (PP). Cerulean Warbler: first 16 Apr. (1) TRG (KD). Black-
burnian Warbler: first 20 Apr. (2) K (JMC, RME). Yellow-throated War-
bler: first 15 Apr. (1) ND (PP). Chestnut-sided Warbler: 16 Apr. (1) K
(RME). Blackpoll Warbler: first 26 Apr. (1) K (PP). Pine Warbler: first
2 5 Mar. (1) ND (PP). Prairie Warbler: first 10 Apr. (1) K (CM). Palm
Warbler: first 28 Mar. (8) G (RN). Ovenbird: first 15 Apr. (1) K (CM).
Northern Waterthrush: 20 Apr. (1) Col (RS), 22 Apr. (1) CL (PP). Lou-
isiana Waterthrush: first 21 Mar. (1) Col (RS). Kentucky Warbler: first 16
Apr. (1) K (RME). Yellowthroat: first 31 Mar. (1) G (RN). Yellow-
breasted Chat: first 16 Apr. (1) K (RME). Hooded Warbler: first 9 Apr. (1)
Col (RS). Canada Warbler: first 20 Apr. (1) CH (KD). American Redstart:
first 10 Apr. (10) K (CM).
Icterids-Sparrows: Bobolink: 27 Apr. (15) K (PP). Orchard Oriole: first
11 Apr. (1) N (FO). Baltimore Oriole: first 28 Apr. (1) B (WC). Rusty
Blackbird: present througtout period in small numbers in middle and lower
portions of region. Scarlet Tanager: first 13 Apr. (1) K (BSh). Summer
Tanager: first 17 Apr. (1) K (MM). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: first 18 Apr.
(1) K (MS). Blue Grosbeak: first 17 Apr. (1) K (PP). Indigo Bunting:
first 18 Apr. (1) Col (RS). Dickcissel: 12 Feb. (1) G (RN). Purple Finch:
very small numbers until 17 Apr. (3) CH (KD). Pine Siskin: 19 Mar. (1)
Col (RS), 19 Apr. (18) and 23 Apr. (9) CH (KD). Savannah Sparrow:
present throughout period; max. 24 Mar. (25) K (PP). Vesper Sparrow: first
19 Mar. (3) B (WC), last 27 Apr. (3) K (PP). Bachman’s Sparrow: 27 Mar.
(1) K (PP), 31 Mar. (1) G (RN). Slate-colored Junco: present until 11
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
47
Apr. (6) B (WC). Tree Sparrow: 8 Feb.-24 Mar. (8) K (PP, KOS), 18 Feb.
(2) CL (PP), 1 Mar. (4) JC (HEP), 2 Mar (3) JC (LRH, HEP, CRS).
Chipping Sparrow: first 4 Feb. (1) K (CM). White-crowned Sparrow: present
throughout period; max. 10 Apr. (6) K (PP). Fox Sparrow: scattered reports
until 20 Apr. (1) Col (RS). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 19 Feb. (2) CL (PP), 8, 14
Mar. (1) OR (PP). Swamp Sparrow: present throughout period in small num-
bers.
hocatiofis: AM, — Amnicola Marsh, Chattanooga, BC — Blount County, BWP
— Booker T. Washington State Park; BL — Boone Lake, B — Bristol, CH — Chat-
tanooga, ChL — Cherokee Lake, Col — ^Collegedale, C — ^Concord, CL — ^Cove
Lake, FLD — Fort Loudon Dam, FLL — Fort Loudon Lake, G — Greeneville,
HRA — Hiwassee River Area, H — Hixson, HM — House Mountain-Knox, JC —
Johnson City, K — Knoxville, LC — Lick Creek, Greeneville, MP — ^CcClure’s
Pond-Knox, NL — Nickajack Lake, N — ^Norris, ND — Norris Dam, OR — Oak
Ridge, PHL — Patrick Henry Lake, RB — Red Bank, SB — ^Savannah Bay, SHL —
South Holston Lake, SHR — South Holston River, TRG — Tennessee River
Gorge, WBL — Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: FA — ^Fred Alsop, III, WAB — Bill Bridgforth, JMC — James M.
Campbell, WC — Wallace Cofiey, HC — Hugh Crownover, MC — Maxine
Crownover, JD — Jon DeVore, DGD — ^Gerry Delantonas, HD — Mrs. Harold
Dillenbeck, CD — ^Mrs. George Dove, JE — John Elson, RME — Danny Ellis,
TWF — Tom Finucane, LRH — Dr. Lee R. Herndon, DJ — David Johnson, KOS
— Knoxville Chapter T.O.S., TK — Tony Koella, TM — Mrs. Terry McCown,
CM — Chris McMillan, MM — Mrs. Robert Monroe, RN — Ruth and Richard
Nevius, FO — Frances Olsen, JBO — J. B. Owen, PP — Paul Pardue, HEP — Hen-
ry E. Parmer, MER — M. E. Richmond, MS — ^Mrs. Kenneth Sanders, SS — Steve
Satterfield, BS — Bill Senter, BSh — Boyd Sharp, Jr., CRS — Charles R. Smith, ES
— Ed Smith, RS^ — Roger Swanson, MS — ^Maxie Swnidell, AS — Ann Switzer,
AW— Adele West, BW— Bill Williams, IW— Irene Williams.
JAMES M. CAMPBELL, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN ^^GlOH—Grebes-^andpipers: Pied-billed Grebe:
10 Mar. (6) LL (PP). American Bittern: 30 Mar.-28 Apr. (1) MC (CRS).
Mallard: max. 17 Feb. (24) WaL. Black Duck: max. 17 Feb. (36) WaL, 13
Fob. (75) CL (PP) . Wood Duck: 10 Mar. (3) CC (PP) Ring-necked Duck:
max. 17 Feb. (53) WiL, 10 Mar. (18) LL (PP). Canvasback: only on 17 Feb.
(1) WaL (LRH, CRS). Common Goldeneye: 13 Feb. (3) CL (PP). Buffle-
head: max. 3 Feb. (66) WiL. Ruddy Duck: 18 Feb. (1) LL (PP). Hooded
Merganser: 13 Feb. (5) CL (PP), 10 Mar. (7) LL (PP). Turkey Vulture:
10 Mar. (25) CC (PP). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 13 Apr. (1) RM (CRS). Red-
tailed Hawk: 10 Mar. (1) CC (PP), 29 Mar. (1) RM (CRS). Red-shouldered
Hawk: 31 Mar., 7 Apr. (1) LPN (FWB). Broad-winged Hawk: first 17 Apr.
(2) Golden Eagle: 2 5 Feib. (1) CC (DKH), through 10 Mar. when last seen
by (KOS). Bald Eagle: (23 Apr. (1) MPP (EH, LH). Osprey: first 14 Apr.
WaR. Turkey: 10 Mar. (1) CC (KOS). American Woodcock: 5 Mar. (2),
10-12 Mar. WaR. Common Snipe: 25-30 Mar. (1-8) MC (CRS). Spotted
Sandpiper: 14 Apr. (1) E (LRH), 26 Apr. (1) SVC (FA, JMC, RME). Soli-
tary Sandpiper: 28 Apr. (1) MC (CRS).
[VoL. 39, 1968]
48
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Owls -Kinglets: Barred Owl: 7 Apr. (1) LPN (FWB). Chuck-will’s- wid-
ow: first 22 Apr. (1) MC (CRS). Whip-poor-will: first 27 Apr. (1). Com-
mon Nighthawk: first 20 Apr. (1) E (FWB). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: last
14 Apr. (1). Eastern Kingbird: first 13 Apr. (1). Greast Crested Flycatcher:
first 20 Apr. (1). Tree Swallow: 6 Apr. (8) WaR (GW). Rough-winged
Swallow: first 20 Mar. (1). Barn Swallow: first 2 Apr. (1). Common Raven:
4 Feb. (3) SL (PP), 10 Mar. (1) RM, 29 Mar. (2) RM, 13 Apr. (2) UM,
21 Apr. (1) RM. Black-capped Chickadee: 4 Feb. (8) SL (PP). Red-breasted
Nuthatch: 4 Feb. (1) SL (PP). Brown Creeper: last 9 Mar. (1). Bewick’s
Wren: 7 Apr. (1) E (FWB). Hermit Thrush: 18 Feb. (1) CC (PP). Blue-
gray Gnatcatcher: first 10 Apr. (1). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: last 29 Apr. (1).
Vireos-Sparrows: White-eyed Vireo: first 15 Apr. (1). Solitary Vireo: first
31 Mar. (3) Red-eyed Vireo: first 26 Apr. (1). Warbling Vireo: first 28
Apr. (2). Black-and-white Warbler: first 11 Apr. (1). Worm-eating Warbler:
first 6 Apr. (1) Parula Warbler: first 14 Apr. (1). Black-throated Blue War-
bler: first 20 Apr. (2). Black-throated Green Warbler: first 20 Apr. (4).
Yellow-throated Warbler: first 6 Apr. (1). Chestnut-sided Warbler: first 21
Apr. (1). Pine Warbler: 10 Mar. (3) CC (KOS), 21 Apr. (1) E (LRH).
Prairie Warbler: first 18 Apr. (1). Ovenbird: first 20 Apr. (6). Louisiana
Waterthrush: first 30 Mar. (3). Yellowthroat: first 20 Apr. (1). Yellow-
breasted Chat: first 21 Apr. (1). Hooded Warbler: first 20 Apr. (1). Canada
Warbler: first 2 8 Apr. (1). Baltimore Oriole: first 20 Apr. (1) E, 26 Apr.
(1) GAT (FA, JMC, RME, ETS). Rusty Blackbird: 10 Mar. (1) SVC (PP),
9 Mar. (3), 20 Mar. (8), 2 5 Mar. (2). Scarlet Tanager: first 20 Apr. (2).
Summer Tanager: first 21 Apr. (1). Indigo Bunting: first 25 Apr. (1). Pur-
ple Finch: 7 Apr. (5), 10 Apr. (3), 19 Apr. (2). Pine Siskin: 4 Feb. (1) SL
(PP). Red Crossibill: 4 Feb. (8) SL (PP). Savannah Sparrow: 19 Mar. (3), 3
Apr. (2). Chipping Sparrow: first 3 Mar. (1). White-crowned Sparrow: last
24 Apr. (1). Fox Sparrow: only 9 Mar. (1). Swamp Sparrow: 24 Mar.-21
Apr. (1-2) MC (CRS).
Locations: CC — Cades Cove, CL — ^Chilhowee Lake, E — Elizabethton area,
GAT — Gatlinburg, LPN — Lake Phillip Nelson, LL — Laurel Lake, MC— -Milli-
gan College, MPP — Meigs Post Prong, Great Smoky Mountains National Park,
RM — Roan Mountain, SL — state line, between Newfound Gap and Clingman’s
Dome, SVC — ^Sugarlands Visitor Center, UM — Unaka Mountain, WaL — Wa-
tauga Lake, WaR — Watauga River, WiL — Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FA— Fred Alsop III, FWB— Fred W. Behrend, JMC— James M.
Campbell, RME — Danny Ellis, EH — Edgar Hale, LRH — Lee R. Herndon,
DKH — Dennis K. Huffman, LH — Lloyd Hurst, KOS — Knoxville Chapter
T.O.S., PP — Paul Pardue, CRS — ^Charles R. Smith, ETS — Edward T. Smith,
GW— Gary Wallace.
DANNY ELLIS, No. 1 Hedge wood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
Printed at Bristol, Tennessee; 21 August, 1968
[VoL. 39, 1968]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL; The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE; The title should be concise, speific, and descriptive.
STYLE; Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016,
COPY; Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^xlT* paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in **continentaF* form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE; Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY; When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY; Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION; Rare or unusual species identification to be accepta-
ble must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include; date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted.
REPRINTS; Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through
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Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate de-
partmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front
cover.
CONTENTS
Television tower casualties at Nashville, autumn 1967.
Amelia R. Laskey 25
Annual autumn hawk count, 1967. Thomas W. Finucane 27
The 1968 spring field days. Jon E. DeVore, State Compiler 30
T. O. S. ANNUAL MEETING, 1968. Helen B. Dinkelspiel, Secretary 36
The Purpose and Scope of *'The Season**. Charles R. Smith 40
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 41
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Patterson 42
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 43
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 44
Eastern Mountain Region. Danny Ellis
47
^ QU/iRTERLY JOURNAL
DEVOTEDvTO TEN N ESSEK BIRDS
thetennessee'
ORNITHOLOGICAL
k SOCIETY J
SEPTEMBER 1968
VOL. 39, NO. 3
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JLTNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSOCIATE EDITOR JOHN WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
*‘TFiE SEASON” CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
“STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1967-1968
PRESIDENT ROBERT W. McGOWAN
Rt. 3, Box 86, Collierville, Tenn. 38017
PRESIDENT-ELECT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT EAST TENN J. WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
VICE-PRESIDENT MIDDLE TENN MRS. AMELIA R. LASKEY
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, Tenn. 37215
VICE-PRESIDENT WEST TENN EARL J. FULLER
5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, Tenn. 38117
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37204
WEST TENN W. H. BLACKBURN
Rt. 2, Camden, Tenn. 38320
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY MRS. HENRY S. DINKELSPIEL
6519 Massey Lane, Germantown, Tenn. 38038
TREASURER MISS ANNELLA CREECH
1500 Woodmont Blvd., Nashville, Tenn. 37215
Annual dues, $2.50; Sustaining, $5.00; Life, $100.00; Students, $1.00 (Chapters may col-
lect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership (out of State), Li-
braries and Subscribers $2.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers may be had from the
Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change in address.
Pulished quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by The King
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 39 SEPTEMBER, 1968 NO. 3
A COMPARISON OF THREE HERONRIES IN THE
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
By Earl L. Hanebrink
Published accounts of heronries in the Mississippi Valley include three lo-
cations within a relatively short distance from each other, south of Cairo, 111.
Elder (1951) and Peterson (1965) described one near Sikeston, Missouri.
Ganier (1960) reported on another at Dyersburg, Tennessee and a heronry
near Luxora, Arkansas was introduced into the literature by Hanebrink and
Cochran (1966). It is the purpose of this paper to compare these three heron-
ries as to the numbers of breeding birds, species composition and habitat types.
Possibly the largest nesting colony of the Little Blue Heron (Florida cae-
ndea) along the Mississippi River is the heronry located near Luxora, Arkansas.
This heronry is located in Mississippi County, Arkansas, three miles northwest
of the Missisippi River and seven miles northeast of Luxora on Arkansas LLigh-
way #120. During the past four years (1964-67) the writer had the oppor-
tunity to study the nesting and species composition at this heronry.
The heronry is located in an eight acre strip of woods which is roughly
rectangular in shape with its long axis running east and west. The area is com-
pletely surrounded by cultivated fields and has no standing water within the
wooded area itself. This makes the heronry somewhat unique since most heron-
ries have some water standing during the nesting season. The location is in the
Mississippi delta which is low, flat, fertile land that is drained by several man-
made ditches. The surrounding area is almost entirely devoted to row or cereal
crops. Therefore, there are few trees except those found along borders and along
the Mississippi levee. Major commercial crops are cotton, soybeans, wheat, and
rice.
Estimated numbers of breeding birds for the Luxora heronry were deter-
mined by marking the eight acre woods into strips so that a total count of
nests could be obtained. This method was used by Ganier (1960) in determin-
ing numbers of herons and egrets at the Dyersburg heronry. The number ob-
tained was doubled to derive the total number of breeding birds in the heronry.
Species composition in the Luxora heronry includes the Little Blue Heron
(Florida caertdea), Common Egret (Gasmerodius albus) ^ Cattle Egret (Btibnl-
cus tbis)^ Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) , and the Black-crowned Night Her-
[VoL. 39, 1968]
50
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
TABLE 1
Estimated Number of Breeding Birds Using
The Heronry at Luxora, Arkansas
1967
Species
Number
Little Blue Heron {Florida caertdea) 3008
Common Egret {Casmerodius albus) 140
Common Crackle {Qjtiscalus quiscula) 74
Cattle Egret {Bubulcus ibis) 50
Mourning Dove {Xenaidu^ra macroura) 32
Baltimore Oriole {Icterus galbula) 6
Black-crowned Night Heron {Nycticorax nycticorax) 2
Indigo Bunting {Passerina cyanea) 2
Cardinal {Kichmondena cardinalis) 2
Glossy Ibis {Pie gad is^ falcinellus) 1
Ave. Per Acre 414.7 Total 3317
on {Nycticorax nycticorax). Estimated numbers of breeding birds using the
heronry are summarized in Table 1. According to local farmers the heronry
has been active for approximately 1 5 years. Numbers seem to be on the in-
crease. This is especially true for the Cattle Egret. An overflow from this
heronry appeared for the first time during the 1967 breeding season. A dozen
pairs of Little Blue Herons nested in a triangular three acre woods approxi-
mately three miles northwest of the heronry. Other recent colonies are being
established in the Reelfoot Lake area in Tennessee (Ben Coffey, personal com-
munications) .
It was in the Luxora heronry that the first nesting record in the state oc-
curred for the Glossy Ibis {Plegadis falcinellus) (Hanebrink and Cochran,
1966). During the breeding season of 1965 three pairs were observed nesting.
One specimen, a female was taken and is now placed in the Arkansas State
University Museum (ASUM fp 40, female). Two pairs nested successfully
during the 196 5 breeding season. Mr. Ben Coffey checked on the progress of
the Glossy Ibis during the latter part of the breeding season and also reported
the first nesting of the Cattle Egret. At this time only a few pairs nested. The
1966 breeding season had two pairs of Glossy Ibises nesting. During the 1967
breeding season the Glossy Ibis did not nest but on two different days a single
Glossy Ibis was seen in the heronry.
At the Luxora heronry nest building of the Little Blue Heron begins dur-
ing the first week in April and by 17 April, the majority of the Little Blue’s
nests contained eggs. By 20 May, young appeared in the nest; but approximately
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
51
half of the nests have eggs at various stages of incubation. Most of the eggs
have hatched by early June. No eggs were observed in nests after mid-July.
The Little Blue Heron starts the nesting season earlier than the other herons
and egrets. The Cattle Egret and Common Egret are approximately three weeks
later in their nesting. There is little mixing of the sepcies. Usually the Common
Egret nests were higher in the larger trees. Cattle Egrets nest together and are
clustered in only a few trees. The Glossy Ibis were among entangled grape
vines at the extreme west end and at the tops of the smaller trees. Little Blue
Herons nested in the same trees as the Glossy Ibis. The Little Blue Heron nests
range from five feet above the ground to those which are found in the tops
of the trees. The smaller trees were preferred as nesting sites by the Little Blue
Herons. These trees were found in the western portion of the heronry. Many
of the Little Blue Heron nests were found among the thorns of the Honey
Locust {Gleditsia triacanthos) .
Many young are raised at this heronry each year. The mortality rate is not
high. Heavy rains and winds during early May and June often cause some egg
losses and mortality of the newly hatched herons. There is very little evidence
of predator destruction in the heronry. Occasionally a few herons and egrets
are destroyed by shooting, although this is not a serious problem. During the
latter part of July, the mortality rate is increased among the half grown. Ap-
parently these birds leave or fall from the nest and starve. Several are found
on the ground at this time which appear weak and unable to fly. There are
local reports of some young flying to nearby farm yards and fields, later unable
to fly back because of a weak condition. These die of starvation. Perhaps some
of the adults quit feeding their young before they are able to care for them-
selves. Apparently those that fall from the nests are not fed by the adults and
perhaps are not missed.
Adult birds feed on what is available throughout the nesting season. During
the early part of the breeding season a higher percentage of Crayfish {Cam-
bariLS spp.) and tadpoles appeared in the regurgitated pellets. At that time
there was water in the nearby drainage ditches located at the edges of the near-
by fields. Crayfish and tadpoles were found to be abundant in these drainage
ditches. Later as these ditches dry up a higher percentage of small fish appear
in the regurgitated pellets. By this time the adult birds feed extensively at the
Mississippi "barrow pits” and "sloughs.” During August, shad, minnows, and
small sunfish make up the bulk of the food. Insects are obtained also from the
nearby rice fields. Stomach contents of a female Glossy Ibis collected on 1 June
1965, revealed that it had been feeding on tiny clams (Hanebrink and Cochran,
1966).
Cattle Egrets and Common Egrets travel some distance from the heronry
in search for food. These birds along with the Little Blue Heron were observed
along levees in rice fields throughout the county. The Common Egrets are
usually found single in their feeding territories at the Mississippi "sloughs” and
"barrow pits.” The Little Blue Heron is often found congregated in larger num-
bers in these areas.
In comparing these three heronries the numbers of breeding pairs are about
the same and the nesting areas are somewhat of the same size and near the Mis-
sissippi River. The "sloughs” and "barrow pits” along the Mississippi River
[VoL. 39, 1968]
52
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
TABLE 2
A COMPARISON OP THREE HERONIES IN THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
Luxora Heronry
Slkeaton Heronry
Dyersburg Heronry
Estimated number
of breeding birds
3,119
2,000- 2,400
1,600
Most abundant
nesting species
1. Little Blue Heron
2. Common Egret
3. Cattle Egret
1. Little Blue Heron
2. Common Egret
3» Black-crowned
Night Heron
1. Little Blue Heron
2. Common Egret
3. Black-crowned
Night Heron
Canopy
Mixed lowland
deciduous woods
Pine Grove (Plnus
echlnata)
Mixed lowland
deciduous woods
Distance from
Mississippi River
3 miles
8 miles
25 miles
Ground Habitat
Dry deciduous
woods
Dry pine grove
Water standing
in spring
Number of years
in existence
15
10
13
Approximate
arrival date for
breeding birds
1 April
1 April
1 April
serve as major feeding grounds. The arrival date is the same for each of the
heronries. Comparisons are shown in Table 2.
LITERATURE CITED
Elder, William H. 1961. Notes on a heronry in southeastern Missouri. Bluebird,
28:13.
Ganier, Albert F. 1960. A new heronry in northwest Tennessee. The Migrant,
31:48-49.
Hanebrink, Earl L. and Richard Cochran. 1966. An inland nesting record for
the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) in Arkansas. Auk, 83:474.
Peterson, Clell T. 1965. An unusual colony of Little Blue Herons. Wilson
Bulk, 77:192.
Arkansas State University, State College, Arkansas 72467.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
5}
A NESTING STUDY OF
THE KING RAIL AND LEAST BITTERN
By Jon E. DeVore
THE AREA
The area in which this study was conducted is known as the Amnicola
Marsh. This area is a natural fresh water impoundment lying 3.2 air miles due
southeast of Chickamauga Dam and adjacent to the Amnicola Highway. It is
approximately 30.0 acres in size, which includes all the area within the present
fence boundary (See Figure 1). The water level is maintained by one, possibly
more, springs which are located in the center of the open water at the north-
west end of the marsh. The marsh also acts as the headwaters of Citico Creek,
which has its origin here and empties into the Tennessee River after traveling
3.4 miles.
The marsh had its beginnings some 15 to 20 years ago as a small spring
pool with a drainage creek flowing away from it. As years passed the surround-
ing low areas were slowly inundated. The ground was loosened, raised, and
vegetation changes began to take place. The typical meadow grasses and weeds
were slowly replaced by rushes and cattails. Every time there was a heavy rain
a little more of the surrounding land was incorporated into the marsh. The
continual standing of water and the occasional "floods” have produced the
marsh as it now exists. The average water depth, exclusive of the open water,
is 18 inches. The average depth of the open water is approximately 36 inches.
For convenience of this study, I have chosen to divide the shallow water
area into two large, general vegetation types, dense vegetation areas and thin
vegetation areas. The dominant plant of the dense vegetation areas is the Great
Bulrush {Scirptis validus) . This plant makes up 90% or more of this area and,
as will be noted later, is the plant in which most of the nests were located.
The dominant plant, 7 5 % approximately, of the thin vegetation areas is the
Pondweed {fotamogeton epihydrns) . Other species of plants which make up
appreciable parts of the vegetation are: Cattail {Typha latifoUa) ^ Water Plan-
tain (Alisma suhcordatum) , Beak-rush {Rhynchospora cornictdata) , Button-
bush {Cephalanthus occid entails) , Rose Mallow {Hibiscus Moscheutos) ^ sev-
eral species of sedge {Carex sp.). Duckweed {Spirodela polyrhiza) , and the
two Spike Rushes {Eleocharis compressa and E. qtutdrangulata) . During the
period from early May to late September, the pond at the northwest corner of
the marsh is covered with a profuse growth of the Lotus Lily {Neliimbo
lutea) . Also located within the center of the pond are three very poor speci-
mens of the Willow Tree {Salix babylonica) . These trees are no more than ten
feet high and contain many dead and decaying branches. All three are located
on what remains of a small mound. At present these are the only trees within
the water area of the marsh.
Like the plant life, the animal life, too, is varied. In the three years which
this writer has kept records on the marsh, 99 species of birds have been re-
corded as occuring there at various times of the year. Noteworthy among
[VoL. 39, 1968]
Figure 1. Drawing of Amnicola Marsh as adapted from personal measurements and
maps by the united states Geologic Survey.
54
THE MIGRANT
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[VoL. 39,
1968]
AMNICOLA HIGHWAY
1968
THE MIGRANT
55
these have been the first Chattanooga area records for the following species:
Cattle Egret {Btibidciis ibis), Louisiana Heron {Hydranassa tricolor). Glossy
Ibis {Plegadis falcinellus) , Virginia Rail {Rallns limicola) , Purple Gallinule
{Porphynda martinica) and the Willet {Catoptrophorus semipahnatiis) . Insect
life is, of course, abundant. One very noticeable thing concerning the insect
life however is the almost total absence of mosquitos. This is due, I believe,
to the great numbers of the Mosquitofish {Gambusia affinis) which are found
everywhere in the marsh. Other fish which have been taken from the area are
the Bluegill {Lepomis machrochiriis) and the Largemouth Bass (Huro sal-
moides). Around the perimeter of the water area may be seen at various times
the following rodents: the House Mouse {Mus mus cuius) , Norway or House
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) , and the Cottontail Rabbit {Sylvilagus sp.). Within
the water area can be found still another rodent, the Muskrat {Ondatra sp.).
Three large "lodges” are located around the pond and the animals can be ob-
served at times apparently sunning themselves in the late afternoon. There is
good evidence now to indicate that the marsh has become the home of one or
more Mink (Mustella vison) . This will be discussed later under the Least Bit-
tern data. In my trips to the marsh, only one species of snake has been en-
countered, it appearing to be a Water Snake {Natrix sp.). Amphibians present
are: Bull Frog {Rana catesbeiana) , Grass Frog {Rana pipiens) , Fowler’s Toad
{Bufo fowleri) American Toad {Bufo am eric anus) , Spadefoot Toad (Scaphio-
pus holbrookii) , and unidentified species of the small Tree Frogs {Hyla sp.).
Along the fences which form the boundary of the marsh can be found the
Eastern Five-lined Skink {Eumeces fasciattis), and the Eastern Fence Lizard
{Sceloporus tmdtdatus) . Four species of turtles have been seen within the
marsh: Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) , Slider {Pseudemys
sp.). Painted Turtle {Cbrysemys picta) , and the Spiny Soft-shelled Turtle
( T rionyx ferox ) .
KING RAIL DATA
Physical aspects of the nests: During the period covered by this study, 22
May to 30 July, 1967, five active nests of the King Rail {Rallus elegans) were
located within the boundaries of the marsh. At each of the nests certain physi-
cal characteristics were checked, these being: the diameter of the nest, the
materials used in its construction, its height above the water level, and the type
of plant in which the nest was located. The diameter of each nest, in inches,
was taken at its widest points at the top of the rim of the nest. The five nests
had an average diameter of 8.0 inches, with the smallest diameter noted being
7.5 inches and the largest 8.5 inches. Each of the nests was examined as closely
as possible so as to ascertain what materials were used in its construction. The
following percentages were noted after combining the notes on each nest: 85%
of all nest material was Great Bulrush, 5% was Sedge, 5% was Water Plantain,
and 5% was Pondweed. In all the nests the Great Bulrush formed the bulk of
the nest, with the Sedge, Water Plantain, and Pondweed being incorporated
into the top outer edges of the nests. Each nest’s height above the water level
was measured to its highest point along the top rim of the nest. The five nests
averaged 3.6 inches above the water level, with the lowest height noted being
2.5 inches and the highest 5 inches. The nest 2.5 inches above the water and
another, 3 inches, were both low enough to get "drowned out” by heavy rains
[VoL. 39, 1968]
56
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
on 7, 8,9 July, which raised the water level two inches. Certainly, even huild-
ing the nest one-half inch too low can prove disastrous to this species, especially
if nesting in an area of frequent rains where the drainage is poor. All five of
the nests were located in large specimens of the Great Bulrush. This is the only
plant within the marsh which would provide sturdy enough a base for the
rather large nest. After the nest is complete the tops of the bulrush plant are
bent over by the bird to form a camouflage canopy from 8 to 10 inches abo*ve
the nest, with only enough room left for the adult bird to move in or out.
Nesting activity and residts: A total of 44 eggs were laid at the five nests,
giving an average of 8.8 eggs per nest. Of this number only 8 hatched, giving
a 18.1% hatch success. The following list of the five nests gives, in parenthesis,
first, the date the nest was first located, second, the number of eggs laid at that
nest, and third, the number of eggs hatched. The nest numbers refer to the
nests as located on Figure 1. Nest 1 (5 June: 10-8), Nest 2 (4 July: 7-0),
Nest 3 (4 July: 7-0), Nest 4 (4 July: 8-0), and Nest 5 (5 June: 12-0). The
eggs at Nests 2 and 5 were apparently abandoned, for the adult birds did not
return to the nests after the second checks and the eggs remained intact
through the end of the study. The eggs at nests number 3 and 4 were ruined
when high water invaded the nests as a result of the heavy rains on 7, 8, 9
July. Nests 1 and 5 were probably first nests of the season, as the nesting period
for this species usually begins about mid^May in this area. The other three
nests, all found in early July, are probably second attempts. On the following
dates adult birds and young were observed around the marsh: 2 July (4 adults-
3 young), 3 July (5 adults-3 young), 8 July (3 adults-3 young), 9 July (4
adults-5 young), 13 July (3 adults-4 young), 15 July (3 adults-4 young),
16 July (3 adults-1 young), and 22 July (1 adult-3 young). Generally the
young birds stayed close to only one of the adults and may well have been the
young brought off at Nest 1. Of interest was the different behavior patterns
displayed by the adult birds when disturbed at their nests. The adult bird at
Nest 1 was most vociferous and fearless in its nest defense. On the first two
checks at this nest, 5 June and 12 June, when first flushed from the nest the
bird would retreat a safe distance, usually about fifteen feet, and then begin
its calling. The calling would persist for several seconds then the bird would
appear at some conspicuous place dragging its wings and generally putting on a
spectacular display for such a secretive species. As incubation advanced, about
13 to 19 June, the bird became even bolder. Instead of circling away, the bird
would come within three to five feet, almost allowing itself to be picked up.
At this time the bird showed little fear, her only interest apparently being in
returning to the eggs. In direct contrast, the adults at the other four nests
never did more than give several calls from the surrounding vegetation when
the nests were approached. They never once made themselves visible, preferring
to remain within the cover of the dense vegetation. As mentioned previously,
it appears Nests 2 and 5 were abandoned. This was due, I believe, to my
presence at the nests. Both clutches were complete and incubation had begun,
but after my second checks at the nests the adult birds were not seen again
at them. It would be well for persons checking nests of this species to limit
the number of visits during the laying period and early incubation.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
57
LEAST BITTERN DATA
Physical aspects' of the nests: A total of eighteen active nests of the Least
Bittern {Ixobrychus exilis) were located within the marsh during this study.
The same physical characteristics noted at the King Rail nests were also checked
at the Least Bittern nests. The eighteen nests had an average diameter of 5.3
inches, with the smallest diameter noted being 4.0 inches and the largest, Nest
6, a rather extreme 8.5 inches in diameter. Of the plant material used in con-
struction of the nests, 98% was Great Bulrush, 1% was Spikerush, and 1%
was Pondweed. The Spikerush and Pondweed were found in only five of the
nests, being incorporated into the top rim of the nest. The nests averaged 18.2
inches above the water level, with the lowest nest only 8.0 inches above the
water and the highest 27.0 inches. As can be seen, the height at which the
Least Bittern will build its nest is variable within two to three feet. Probably
the birds will utilize the lowest to the highest points possible in the marsh
plants in which they nest. The type of plant chosen must be sturdy enough to
support the rather frail nest, which more appropriately could be called a plat-
form. In our area the Bulrush is such a plant and, with one exception, was the
plant in which all the nests were located. Nest number 18 was in a Great Bul-
rush plant which was partially ingrown with a Cattail, the nest being attached
to both.
Nesting activity and resndts: A total of 63 eggs were laid at the eighteen
nests, giving an average of 3.5 eggs per nest. Of the 63 eggs laid, only 23
hatched, giving a 36.3% hatch success. The following list of the nests gives,
in parenthesis, the date at which the nest was first located, the number of eggs
laid, and the number of eggs hatched. The nest numbers refer to the nest lo-
cation as given on Figure 1. Nest 1 (12 June: 3-0), Nest 2 (22 May: 5-4),
Nest 3 (12 June: 4-0), Nest 4 (5 June: 5-0), Nest 5 (3 July: 2-0), Nest
6 (3 July: 1-1), Nest 7 (14 July: 4-0), Nest 8 (5 June: 5-5), Nest 9 (3
July: 2-0), Nest 10 (3 July 4-4), Nest 11 (5 June: 5-4), Nest 12 (12 June:
1- 0), Nest 13 (5 June: 5-0), Nest 14 (13 June: 4-1), Nest 15 (30 May:
5-0), Nest 16 (5 June: 4-4), Nest 17 (12 June: 2-0), and Nest 18 (22 July:
2- 0). Nests 9, 12, and 17 were apparently abandoned, for adult birds were not
seen at the nests after the first check and the eggs remained in the nests for
the duration of the study. At the other nests where eggs were not hatched
there was definite depredation which destroyed the nestings. Nests 1, 4, 7, 13,
and 15 all disappeared without a trace. Careful searches at these nest sites
failed to reveal any evidence of the nest, eggs, young birds, or adults. At Nests
3, 5, and 18 the eggs were destroyed, with the eggs being broken and the con-
tents gone. Also, at Nest 1 8 the adult bird was killed and partially eaten. On
two occasions, 13 June and 3 July, one adult and two young birds were found
dead and partially eaten. The Mink is the only animal which could be expected
to occur in the marsh which would have the ability not only to take eggs and
young birds, but also uninjured adults. It may well be that the Mink, or Minks,
were drawn to the marsh in search of the Muskrats which now live there and
took the Least Bitterns only as an easier source or additional source of food.
The nests located in late May and early June are probably first nestings of the
season, while those found in late June and July being second attempts. This
species is most secretive around its nest and when approached at the nest will
sneak off through the vegetation and takes wing only when some distance
away. No distraction display of any type was noted, even at nests which con-
[VoL. 39, 1968]
58
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
tained newly hatched young. The young birds, even during their first day,
show a marked indifference to any intrusion around the nest. The ability to
assume the "broken reed” stance is apparently also present at an early age.
Even before they are able to leave the nest the young, when approached in
the nest, will move to the edge next to the supporting plant and assume the
motionless stance with bill pointed skyward. After the young leave the nest
they become almost impossible to find in the vegetation.
SUMMARY
From 22 May to 30 July 1967, nesting studies on the King Rail and Least
Bittern were carried out at the Amnicola Marsh near Chattanooga, Tennessee.
A total of five King Rail and eighteen Least Bittern nests were located. Physi-
cal aspects noted of each nest were: the diameter of the nest, the material used
in its construction, its height above the water level, and the type of plant in
which the nest was located.
A total of forty-five King Rail eggs were laid at the five nests during the
study, with eight being hatched. This represents an 18.1% hatch success. Too
close checking procedures at the nests is suggested as a possible reason for
abandonment of them, especially if the birds are in the early stages of incuba-
tion. Display behavior of adult birds around the nests is also discussed.
A total of sixty-three Least Bittern eggs were laid at the eighteen nests,
with twenty-three being hatched. This represents a 36.3% hatch success. De-
predation occured at several of the nests during the study, with eggs, young,
and adult birds being taken. It is hypothesized that one, or more, mink is the
predator responsible. Display behavior and the "broken reed” stance of the
young are discussed.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Grateful thanks are extended to Dr. Robert G. Litchford of the Biology
Department of the University of Chattanooga for his review of the work and
to Mr. Kenneth Dubke for his ever-present encouragement and many sugges-
tions.
4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixon 37343.
• ■ NOTICE OF DUES CHANGE ===========
Effective 1 January 1969, changes in classes of dues as listed will be as fol-
lows: annual dues, $3.00; libraries and subscribers, $3.00; family membership,
$4.00.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
59
ROUND TABLE NOTES
HERONRY AT DYERSBURG STILL ACTIVE— The heronry just north-
east of Dyersburg, Tennessee on Highway 5 1 is still active. This heronry was
mentioned in an article by Albert Ganier (The Migrant 31:48-49) and by
Mrs. Ben Colfey (The Migrant 3 5:54).
According to Mrs. John Lamb this heronry dates back to the early 1940’s.
At that time the area was swampy and somewhat remote. Over the years it
has grown in size. It reached its population peak in the summer of 1965. Mrs.
Coffey states that during her visits in 1964 there were an estimated 2,5 00 nests
in the area. About three fourths of these were of the Little Blue Heron {Florida
caerulea). Except for the nests of eight Cattle Egrets {Bubidcus ibis) the rest
of the nests were of Common Egrets {Casmerodiiis albus) . In the spring of
1966, the trees in the heronry were cut. The surrounding area had been de-
veloped as a subdivision and the residents did not like the birds nesting so close.
When the birds returned they made a new, but smaller, heronry about 200
yards east of the old site and within 100 yards of the new Sylvania plant.
There are about 5 00 nests in the heronry this year. About ninety percent
are of the Little Blue Herron. The remainder of the nests are of the Common
Egret and the Cattle Egret. I have seen a few Black-crowned Night Herons
{Nycticorax nycticorax) in the heronry, but I do not believe that they are
nesting there. Yellow-crowned Night Herons (Nyctanassa violacea) are fairly
common in the Dyersburg area, but I have never seen any at the heronry. Be-
cause of its easy accessibility, anyone who is in the Dyersburg area should be
sure to see this heronry.
KENNETH LEGGETT, RED 1, Dyersburg 3 8024.
TREE SWALLOWS NESTING IN EAST TENNESSEE— In 1967 on
Breeding Bird Survey, Route T-31 Elk Valley, Mr. James H. Burbank reported
nesting Tree Swallows {Iridoprocne bicolor) at Stops 49 and 5 0. I questioned
him on the identification and though
Male Tree Swallow at Nest
I had never seen Tree Swallows, his de-
scription satisfied me. In August 1967,
I saw Tree Swallows resting on a snag
of a dead limb protruding above the wa-
ter in Cove Lake.
On 14 May 1968, Tree Swallows
were found occupying two bluebird
boxes erected by Ben D. Jaco in the area
below Norris Dam, Anderson County,
Tennessee, three miles from the town of
Norris.
Mr. Jaco checked all the bluebird
boxes on 24 April 1968, and found no
nests, but on 29 April found Tree Swal-
lows in possession of two boxes. On 30
April, eggs were found in Box ifpl — he
made no count of the eggs but on 14
May, I counted 6 nestlings in Box
These 6 nestlings left Box :j!^l on 1 June
1968.
On 31 May 1968, parent birds ap-
[VoL. 39, 1968]
60
THE MIGRANT
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peared to be feeding nestlings in Box :^2. On 3 June 1968, I counted 4 nest-
lings in Box :^2. I was out of town 5 June through 13 June. During my ab-
sence these 4 nestlings left Box ^2, apparently, successfully as no evidence of
any vandalism or tragedy could be found.
Boxes used are not more than four feet from the ground and in open sunny
situations, about one-quarter mile from Clinch river. Both boxes are situated
so that TVA maintenance crews mowed grass directly beneath and surrounding
the boxes the entire time the birds occupied the nests. Box :^1 was on a fence
adjacent to a heavily traveled U.S. Highway and beside a stop sign — facing the
traffic of the roadway. Box #2 is situated adjacent to an extensive planting of
mulberry trees. Large open fields between nesting boxes and the river afford
feeding on insects.
This writer contacted Dr. James T. Tanner, James Campbell, J. B. Owen,
Beth Wuest, and Julia Moore. I understand James Campbell visited the boxes
several times and brought other members of Knoxville Chapter, TOS with him.
While incubation was in progress, each time I visited the boxes one Tree
Swallow was perched on top of the box and an adult head protruded from the
box opening. I assumed the perched bird to be the adult male and the protrud-
ing head to be the female bird.
On 25 June, upon opening Box #1, I saw 4 bluebird eggs. On 27 June, in
company with Miss Julia Moore, Mrs. Douglas Tunsberg, and Mrs. Irene Wil-
cox, I again opened Box and discovered five Tree Swallow eggs. I’ve no
explanation for either the appearance or disappearance of the 4 bluebird eggs.
2 5 June was overcast so the eggs could not pick up color from a blue sky; also,
bluebird eggs are somewhat larger than Tree Swallow eggs. The box had not
been cleaned out following its use by Tree Swallows for a first nesting.
On 20 July, five nestlings of the second nesting in Box left the nest.
At 4 p.m., three nestlings were still in the box; parent birds and two young
were coursing over low trees on a slight hillside opposite the nesting box. The
third nestling left the box at 5:23 p.m. — flew downward and almost touched
ground but gained a height of four feet to cross the paved road, gradually
climbed in the air until it joined the others of its family. At 6:04 p.m. a fourth
young left the nesting box repeating the performance of the third nestling.
Occasionally one parent bird flew at me and made a most aggressive clicking
noise as I stood beside my car parked some ten feet from the nesting box. The
fifth nestling did not leave the nest while I remained in the vicinity. At 7 p.m.
I moved my car on down the road a quarter mile distant, when I got out of
the car and upon using my 8x40 binoculars I counted five immatures with
parent birds flying low over the hillside.
On 21 July, no Tree Swallows were visible anywhere in the area below Nor-
ris Dam.
Three nestings in two bluebird boxes below Norris Dam this season suc-
cessfully fledged 1 5 young.
The only other Tennessee record of nesting Tree Swallows was reported in
The Migrant, 3 5:51 by Mr. Albert F. Ganier.
FRANCES B. OLSON, Norris 37828.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
61
TREE SWALLOW NESTING IN MAURY COUNTY— On 3 June 1968,
1:30 p.m. at one of the Monsanto Chemical Company settling ponds four miles
west of Columbia, Tenn., I observed an adult Tree Swallow (Iridoprocne bi-
color) feeding an immature which was perched over the water on a dead snag
approximately forty yards away. The adult was bright green above and the
immature was a dull brown; both birds were white underneath with the
throats being very clear which matches Peterson’s description in A Field Guide
To the Birds: "Steely blue-black or green-black above and clear white below;”.
The birds were observed for only three minutes during which time the young
was fed twice. Neither bird showed any reaction to my presence, although
I was in full view of both.
On 4 June, the Tree Swallows were observed for thirty-five minutes be-
ginning at 10:43 a.m. The nest was located approximately twelve feet high
in a hole in a dead tree standing in the water approximately twenty-five yards
from the bank. The immature was not seen. Two adults were present, one with
a green head sitting in the nesting hole and one flying, whose back was a me-
tallic blue-black. The second bird made fourteen passes at me, coming as close
as three feet away. At the time I was approximately one hundred yards away
with a Bausch & Lomb (15X to 6 OX) Zoom Scope trained on the nest. The
bird flying was observed with Leitz 10x40 binoculars.
On 5 June, at 1:00 p.m., the birds were observed by Dan R. Gray, Jr. who
verified my identification. Two adults and an immature were observed flying
and feeding over the water. The young entered the nest four times during the
half hour of observation.
The site was checked for the last time on 18 June, when again two adults
and an immature were reported. Three was the maximum number of birds seen
on any trip, with no more than one immature ever observed. This appears to
be the first mid-state summer record (i.e. after 24 May) for this species {Birds
of the Nashville Area, Henry E. Parmer, p. 20). The only other nesting record
for the state that I know of is 1918 at Reelfoot Lake (The Migrant, 35:51)
by Ganier (personal communication with H. E. Parmer).
DAN R. GRAY, III, Wildwood Nature Camp, Barre, Mass.
HENSLOW’S SPARROW IN HARDIN COUNTY— On 6 April 1968, at
about 4:00 p.m., Mr. and Mrs. Shardian Johnson of Chetek, Wisconsin, Mike
Barber, Jerry Mathis, John Williams and I saw a Henslow’s Sparrow (Passer-
herbidus henslowii) near Olive Hill, by the old Highway 64 bridge over Indian
Creek. It flew up from underfoot as we were walking in a pasture, flew close
to the ground for about ten yards, and hid in the short grass when it landed.
We approached slowly until we were all about two yards from the bird, and
it remained at that spot for about five minutes. The greenish or olive color
of the crown and nape were very evident when viewed from above. It flew
about three more times to other spots in the grass and then to a fence at the
edge of a wooded area (mixed deciduous trees and shrubs, at this point mostly
Hackberry, Celtis occidentalis) . Here it still allowed us to approach closely.
Each time it flew it went carefully along the edge of the brush, neither flying
out over the grass nor retreating into the woods, and not once going much
higher than our heads. Viewed from the front and below it showed a "necklace”
of distinct streaks.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
62
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
About 7:00 p.m. the next day I returned with Mike, Barry, and Alan Pat-
terson. The bird was at the same place. We caught it by erecting mist nets
around three sides of a brushy ditch and chasing it up the ditch into the nets.
It compared favorably with the descriptions and illustrations in Peterson
A Field Guide to the Birds, Robbins Birds of North America, and Roberts Birds
of Minnesota, with two exceptions: the necklace” mentioned above does not
show in Peterson’s illustration, and the wings were pale or faded rufous instead
of the ^^bright rufous or chestnut” of Roberts. The wing chord measurement
was 5 5 mm.
While we were handling the bird it twice made a sound very similar to the
song of Henslow’s Sparrow as recorded on Peterson A Field Guide to Bird Songs
(Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston), which we played about one minute
afterward. We heard no other sound from it at any time either day.
After photographing the bird we released it. It climbed steeply and rapidly
until out of sight.
The weather both days was clear and warm, with little wind. All observers
had 7x3 5 binoculars, almost superfluous at such close distances. All observers
have some experience with sparrows, but none had ever previously examined
a Henslow’s Sparrow.
DAVID E. PATTERSON, Harbert Hills Academy, Olive Hill 3 8475.
DECEMBER NESTING OF THE CAROLINA WREN— On 3 January
1968, the writer, accompanied by Mr. Kenneth Dubke, examined a recently
abandoned nest of the Carolina Wren (Thryothorus hidoviciamis) in the open
garage of Mr. H. C. Collie, 619 Colville Street, Chattanooga, Tennessee.
The writer was informed of the nest by Mr. Collie (telephone conversa-
tion), who stated that both the adult birds had been present until about one
week previous. The nest, which was the typical ball-shape with small side en-
trance hole, was located some six feet off the ground in a large tin can fastened
to the garage wall. Upon closer examination of the nest, two dead young birds
and one egg were found. The young birds appeared to have been dead no more
than one week, as their state of preservation was excellent in what was rather
warm weather for this time of the year. Estimated age at the time of death
of the two birds was three to four days. As no adult birds were seen by the
writer or Mr. Dubke, it was decided to forward the one egg to the Curator,
Mr. Albert Ganier, for positive identification. In a letter of 7 January 1968,
Mr. Ganier says, 'T have compared it (the egg) with several sets each of Caro-
lina, Bewick’s, and House Wrens. There is not the least doubt about the egg
being that of a Carolina.” Considering the nest had been abandoned seven
to ten days and the fact that the normal incubation period is approximately
thirteen days, it is estimated this egg was laid on or about 13 December 1967.
This very early nesting was most probably prompted by the unusually warm
weather which prevailed in this area and across the state in the month of De-
cember. On several occasions the temperature here reached into the lower
eighties, causing some shrubs to bloom prematurely.
JON E. DEVORE, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson, 37343.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
63
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The months of May, June, and July were not especially outstanding with
respect to the weather. Temperatures for May ranged from two to three de-
grees lower than average for the state; precipitation was one to two inches
above average for the West and Middle portions of the state, with the Eastern
portion of the state receiving a normal amount. June was very similar to May,
temperature-wise, with temperatures ranging from one to two degrees cooler
than average across the state. Precipitation for June was normal in the Eastern
part of the state; however, both Middle and West Tennessee averaged about
one inch below the normal levels for June in those regions. Statewide weather
data for July was not yet available from the Weather Bureau at the time of
this article. Upper East Tennessee experienced normal temperatures for July;
however the weather was very dry, with the precipitation level being about
2.5 inches below the normal level for the month.
Some interesting migration records for this period are as follows: Mourning
Warbler from the Coastal Plain and also from the Ridge and Valley Region,
Connecticut Warbler from the Ridge and Valley Region, late May records of
the Yellow-bellied Flycatcher at Savannah and the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker at
Johnson City, White-rumped Sandpiper at Chattanooga; the mid-July records
of the Spotted Sandpiper from Savannah and Chattanooga probably indicate
the beginning of fall migration for this species. Late spring records of the
Cattle Egret in Nashville and Knoxville add to a growing list of records of
this species in the state.
July records of the American Widgeon and Purple Gallinule from the
Ridge and Valley Region are worthy of consideration. Both Black-crowned and
Yellow-crowned Night Herons were noted nesting in the Ridge and Valley
Region for this summer. The nesting of Tree Swallows at Norris Lake and
their possible nesting at Columbia is also notable. There were also several rec-
ords of nesting Song Sparrows from the eastern part of the Central Plateau and
Basin Region. More detailed information concerning the above noted observa-
tions may be found under the regional reports which follow this introduction.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— Herons-Vireos: Great Blue
Heron: 27 May (2) R, 5 July (1) S. Green Heron: present at only one of
four usual Savannah locations. Least Bittern: 7 June (1) R. Sharp-shinned
Hawk: 21 June (1) S. Cooper’s Hawk: 27 July (1) S. Spotted Sandpiper: 30
May (1), 17 July (2) S. Least Tern: 27 May (1), 22 June (5) R. Ye'llow-
[VOL. 39, 1968]
64
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
bellied Flycatcher: 23 May (1) (banded) S. Bank Swallow: 21 May, at least
(2), probably 20 in mixed group of 1,000 Rough- winged. Barn, and Cliff
Swallows, S; 27 July (5,000) R (EC). Bewick’s Wren: 5 May (26), none in
June or July, S. Short-billed Marsh Wren: 5 May (2). Gray-cheeked Thrush:
22 May (1) (banded) S. Ydllow-throated Vireo: to 20 July (12).
Warblers: Prothonotary: (2)'^ Worm-eating: (5)’^ Blue-winged: (6)’^
Cerulean: (1)"'. Yellow-throated: (1)’^ Pine: (6)'^ Prairie: (8)'^ Ovenbird:
(5)’^ Louisiana Waterthrush: (7)’^ Kentucky Warbler: (7)’^ Mourning
Warbler: 5 May (1), 21 May (1) (banded) S. Yellowthroat: (52) Yellow-
breasted Chat: (68) Hooded Warbler: (5)’^ ’“'20 June to 20 July, S.
Orioles -Sparrows: Baltimore Oriole: 21 June (15) R. Scarlet Tanager: 20
June to 21 July (8) all males, S. Blue Grosbeak: 20 June to 21 July (15) in-
cluding 3 families with parents feeding young, S. Dickcissel: 22 June (25) R.
Grasshopper Sparrow: 20> June to 18 July (2) S. White-crowned Sparrow: 18
May (1) S.
Locations: R-Reelfoot Lake, S-Savannah.
Observers: Eugene Cypert, David and Mike Patterson, John Williams.
DAVID E. PATTERSON, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN ^WEGIO^-Grebes-Sandpipers: Pied-
billed Grebe: 29 May (1) MP (DRG). Cattle Egret: 29 May (4) PB (MM),
first Nashville record. Mallard: 28 May through 5 June, 3 females with broods
of 6, 4, and 7, plus other pairs and singles, CT (DRG). Blue-winged Teal: 28
May Pair CT (DRG). Wood Duck: July approx. (5 0) young RL (MCW).
Sparrow Hawk: very scarce Nashville area as were other hawks. Black-bellied
Plover: 4, 5 June (1) CT (DG, DRG). Upland Plover: 4 to 7 May (1) WT
(MCW). Spotted Sandpiper: 28 May (1) CT (DRG), 3 June (1) CC (KD).
Least Sandpiper: 4 June (3), 18 June (5) CT (DRG). Semi-palmated Sand-
piper: 3 June (15), 4 June (2), 18 June (3), CT (DRG), 3 June (17) CC
(KD).
Terns-Warblers: Common Tern: 3 June (1) CT (DRG). Black-billed
Cuckoo: 3 June (1) TC (KD). Red-cockaded Woodpecker: 10 May pair CWR
(KD), female appeared to be brooding. Tree Swallow: 3 to 18 June, pair at
nest hole; only one flying young positively identified, CT (DG, DRG). Bank
Swallow: 28 May (4) to 4 June (6), then 5 June (1), CT (DRG) by far
latest for middle Tenn. Purple Martin: 21 July (1100) CK (RTH). House
Wren: July (2) nests near H (KAG). Swainson’s Thrush: 18 May (2) H
(SB). Gray-checked Thrush: 19 May (1) H (KAG). Veery: 14 May (1) H
(KAG). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 5 May (1) H (KAG). Cedar Waxwing:
21 May (36) (EE), (37) (HCM). Tennessee Warbler: 22 May (1) H (SB).
Magnolia Warbler: 18 May (1) H (HCM). Cape May Warbler: 22 May (1)
H (SB). Myrtle Warbler: last 5 May (25) RL (MCW). Black-throated Green
Warbler: this common migrant not reported during migration. Bay-breasted
Warbler: 14 ay (2) H (SB). Blackpoll Warbler: 21 May (8) RL (MCW).
Ovenbird: 17 June (1) LC (DRG). Wilson’s Warbler: 21 May (1) H
(HCM), 21, 22 May (1) CT (GRM).
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
65
Grosheaks-Sparrows: Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 22 May (1) H (SB). Blue
Grosbeak: 17 June (7) LC (DRG) ; resident pair Lillydale, CK (MW); resi-
dent pair at RL and H (FM), Nashville. White-crowned Sparrow: 21 May
(1) H (HH). Song Sparrow: 3 June (2) TC (RD) ; 11 June (1) singing GP
(KD) ; 14 June pair feeding young CK (MW) ; 21 June pair building nest MT
(RTH); 13 July pair feeding young AT (RTH).
Locations: AT — Algood, CC — ^Coffey Co., CK — ^Cookeville, CT — ^Columbia,
CWR — Catoosa Wildlife Refuge, GP — ^Goose Pond, Grundy Co., H — at home
of observer, LC — Lewis Co., MT — ^Maryland, Tenn., MP — ^Mt. Pleasant, PB —
Pennington Bend, Nashville, RL — Radnor Lake, TC — Tracy City, WT —
Woodbury.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, KD — Kenneth Dubke, EE — Erline Elmore, KAG
— Katherine A. Goodpasture, DG — Dan R. Gray, Jr., DRG — Dan R. Gray, III,
RTH — Roy T. Hinds, HH — Helen Hodgson, MM — Margaret Mann, GRM —
George R. Mayfield, Jr., HCM — ^Harry C. Monk, EM — ^Fanny Murphy, MW —
Marie White, MCW— Mary C. Wood.
HENRY E. PARMER, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY KLG\01<[— Loons -Dncks: Common
Loon: 6 May (1) WBL (KD). Pied-billed Grebe: 4-16 June (2 adults, 4-5
young) AM (KD), 29 July (2) CL (FO, BW, CMW). Great Blue Heron:
present in small numbers through period and region, max. 30 July (14) HRA
(KD). Little Blue Heron: 15 July (2) BL (MER). Cattle Egret: 5 May (11)
K (GM, BMc, JMC, JTT, KOS), 13 May (1) HRA (KD, RB), 14 May (3)
AM (KD, RB). Common Egret: 13 May (1) HRA (KD), 5, 18, 24 June (1)
(KD), regular in July (KD). Black-crowned Night Heron: 6 July (approx. 8
adults, 8 immatures, 5 nests) C (ES). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: no dates
reported (three known nests, one known successful, fledging two) AM (KD) ;
6 June (1) G (RN). Least Bittern: 4 May (1) K (JMC, RME), 10 May (1)
K (BL) ; two unsuccessful nests, no date AM (KD) ; 16 June (1) AM (KD).
American Bittern: 14 May (1) AM (KD, RB), 28 May (1) AM (KD).
Canada Goose: through period (4) CL (FO) ; through period (4) HRA (KD).
Mallard: 7 July (2) AM (KD), 13 July (2) AM (JD). Blue-winged Teal:
18 June (1) HRA (KD). American Widgeon: 7 May (1) AM (KD), 24 July
(1 female) BL (MER, CRS). Ring-necked Duck: last 13 May (1) NL (KD,
RB). Lesser Scaup: last 7 M,ay (14) HRA (KD). Bufflehead: through period
(1, injured) HRA (KD). Black Duck: 13 May (2) LHS (KD, RB).
Vultures-Snipes: Turkey Vulture: 13 July (1) Ma (JMC). Black Vulture:
13 May (2) LHS (KD, RB). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 5 May (1) CB (RB).
Cooper’s Hawk: 13 May (1) TRG (KD, RB). Red-tailed Hawk: no date, suc-
cessfully nested, two young fledged HRA (KD). Broad-winged Hawk: 11 June
(3 young in nest) TRG (KD), 16 June (2 adults around nest with fresh nest
materials, no young or eggs seen) K (MG). Bald Eagle: through period (at
least one adult and one immature) NOT (JCH). Osprey: 6 May (4 eggs, did
not hatch) WBL (KD). King Rail: 4 May (1) G (RN), 4 June (2) AM
(KD). Sora Rail: 4 May (1) K (JMC, RME), 4 May (1) G (RN). Purple
Gallinule: 7 July (1) M (RS, RM, KG, EJ). American Coot: through 16 June
(1) AM (KD), 29 July (1) CL (FO, BW, CMW). Semipalmated Plover: 25
[VoL. 39, 1968]
66
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
May (1) K (FA, JMC, RME). Common Snipe: last Chattanooga area 7 May
(1) AM (KD) ; last Knoxville area 18 May (1) K (JMC, FA).
Sandpipers-Ctickoos: Spotted Sandpiper: last Knoxville area 26 May (1)
NOL (JMC); last Chattanooga area 15 June (1) NL (JD); first fall 15 July
(1) AM (KD). Solitary Sandpiper: last spring, 26 May (1) K (FA); first
fall 7 July (2) AM (KD). Greater Yellowlegs: last spring, 4 May (1) K
(JMC, RME); first fall, 16 July (1) AM (KD). Lesser Yellowlegs: last spring
11 June (1) AM (KD) ; first fall, 30 July (4) HRA (KD). Pectoral Sand-
piper: first fall 22 July (1) AM (KD). White-rumped Sandpiper: 9 June (9)
AM, "the white rump was very conspicuous” (KD). Least Sandpiper: last 13
May (7) AM (KD, RB) ; first fall, 7 July (3) AM (KD). Semipalmated
Sandpiper: last 7 May (7) AM (KD). Herring Gull: last 6 May (4) WBL
(KD). Ring-billed Gull: last 6 May (2) WBL (KD), 6 May (1) K (FA).
Caspian Tern: 3 0 July (1) HRA (KD). Black Tern: 31 July (1) SB (KD
et al.) . Black-billed Cuckoo: 4 May (1) K (JMC, RME, WS, BS), 13 May
(1) TRG (RB), 9 June (2) SC (JMC).
Owl-Warblers: Barn Owl: regular in Johnson City area, also 16 July (nest,
2 young) JC (CRS) ; regular (2) C (KD, JD), 13 May (1) G (RN). Barred
Owl: 13 July (1) CB (Charlie Fisher fide KD). Great Horned Owl: 27 July
(1) G (RN). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 28 May (1) JC (WAB). Tree Swal-
low: 3 nests fledging 15 young NOL (FO). Bank Swallow: 31 July (1) SB
(KD ei al.). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 29 July (2) G (Roaring Fork) (RN),
3 0 July (1) G (Grassy Creek) (RN). Swainson’s Thrush: 5 May (1) K
(JMC, RME), 13 May (2) K (MM,). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 4 May (1) JC
(WAB), 13 May (1) K (MM). Veery: 2-13 May (1) K (MM), 5 May (1) K
(JMC, RME). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: last 5 May (3) K (JMC, RM.E). Blue-
winged Warbler: 18 May (1) CB (KD). Tennessee Warbler: last 5 May (3)
K (JMC, RME). Nashville Warbler: last 5 May (1) K (JMC, RME). Mag-
nolia Warbler: last 22 May (1) Ch (KD). Myrtle Warbler: last 13 May (2)
K (MM). Black-throated Green Warbler: 21 May (1) K (RME). Black-
burnian Warbler: last 5 May (1) K (JMC, RME). Chestnut-sided Warbler:
last 10 May (1) K (MM). Bay-breasted Warbler: last 5 May (1) K (JMC,
RME). Blackpoll Warbler: last 24 May (1) K (JMC). Palm Warbler: last 13
May (1) TRG (KD, RB). Connecticut Warbler: 15 May (1) CB (RB).
Mourning Warbler: 13 May (1) TRG (KD, RB). Wilson’s Warbler: 3 May
(1) G (BM). Canada Warbler: last 25 May (1) K (JMC, RME).
Bobolinks-Sparrows: Bobolink: last 13 May (300) HRA (KD, RB). Balti-
more Oriole: last 12 May (1) K (MM). Rusty Blackbird: last 12 May (1)
K (MM). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 5 May (1) CB (KD), 5 May (1) K (JMC,
RME). Blue Grosbeak: 16 June (nest, 3 eggs) K (MG). Dickcissel: 7 July
(1) G (ED). Savannah Sparrow: last 14 May (1) AM (KD). White- throated
Sparrow: last 13 May (1) TRG (KD, RB). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 5 May (2)
CB (KD), 7 May (1) AM (KD).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, BL — Boone Lake, Ch — Chattanooga, CB
— ^Chickamauga Battlefield, C — Concord, CL — Cove Lake, G — Greeneville,
HRA — ^Hiwassee River Area, JC — ^Johnson City, K — Knoxville, LHS — Long
Hallow Swamp, Marion County, Ma — Maryville, M — Morristown, NL — Nicka-
jack Lake, NOL — Norris Lake, SB — Savannah Bay, SC — Scott County, TRG
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
67
1
— Tennessee River Gorge, WBL — ^Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, WAB — W. A. Bridgforth, RB — Ralph Bull-
ard, JMC — James M. Campbell, ED — Elva (M,rs_. Chester) Darnell, JD — Jon
DeVore, KD — Ken Dubke, RME — ^R. M. (Danny) Ellis, KG — K. Gaut, MG —
Maurice Gribsby, JCH — ^Dr. Jos. C. Howell, EJ — E. Jeffers, KOS — Knoxville
Chapter TOS, BL — Beth Lacy, BMc — Mrs. Beulah McGhee, GM — Geo. Mc-
Ghee, BM — B. McGuire, RM — R. Miller, MM — Muriel (Mrs. Robert) Monroe,
RN — Richard Nevius, FO — Francis (Mrs. Earl) Olson, MER — M. E. Rich-
mond, WS — William Searle, BS — Boyd Sharp, ES — Ed Smith, CRS — ^Charles R.
Smith, RS — R. Specs, JTT — ^Dr. James T. Tanner, CMW — Mrs. Clara May
Wadtke, BW— Mrs. Beth Wuest.
JAMES M. CAMPBELL, 15 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Herom-Sand pipers: Green Heron 2 5
May (1) KS (JES, ETS), 2 June (1) MG (FA, RE), 16 June (1) GSM,
(KC), 6 July (1) CC (FA), 28 July (3) CC (FA). Canada Goose; 26 May
(1) WL (LRFI). Wood Duck: 22 May (1 male, 8 young E (CRS). Lesser
Scaup: throughout season (pair) WL (CRS). Buffllehead: throughout season
(3 males) WL (CRS). Turkey Vulture: 2 June (1) MG (FA, RE). Cooper’s
Hawk: 3 Aug (1) TF (ETS). Red-tailed Hawk: 15 July (1) CC (FA), 21
July (1) YM (FWB). Broad-winged Hawk: 22 May (1) E (FWB), 15 July
(1) CC (FA), 18 July (1) E (FWB), 27 July (3) E (FWB). Ruffed Grouse:
throughout season in small numbers E (CRS). Turkey: 23, 28 July (2 males)
CC (FA), 30 July (3 males) CC (FA). Common Snipe: 1 May (1) last
report, E (CRS). Spotted Sandpiper: 7, 10, 19, 26 May (1) E (CRS).
Cuckoos-Kinglets: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: throughout season E (CRS), 28
July (1) EC (RN). Black-billed Cuckoo: throughout season E (CRS). Barn
Owl: 2 July (1) E (FWB). Whip-poor-will: 10 June (8 5) HM (EC). Chuck-
will’s-widow: throughout season (6) MC (CWF, CRS). Ruby-throated Hum-
mingbird: only 5 records for period E (CRS), 2 June (1) MG (FA, RE), 2
June (1) CCB (RN), 28 July (1) EC (RN). Red-headed Woodpecker: 8
July (1) CC (FA). Hairy Woodpecker: 2 June (1) CCB (RN). Least Fly-
catcher: daily 22 June to 10 July (4) TF (FA), 13 July (4) TF (FA, JMC),
14, 19, 23 July (4) TF (FA), 28 July (1) LC (FA). Acadian Flycatcher: 2
June (1) MG (FA, RE). White-breasted Nuthatch: (2) E (CRS). Red-
breasted Nuthatch: 16 June (4) GSM (KC). Winter Wren: 16 June (6) IG
(KC). Bewick’s Wren: 19 May (FWB). Veery: 16 June (3) GSM (KC).
Swainson’s Thrush: 18, 23 May (1) E (CRS). Golden-crowned Kinglet: 16
June (11) GSM (KC).
Vireos-Sparrows: Solitary Vireo: 8 July (1) CC (FA). Swainson’s Warbler:
2 May (1) near CC (FA), 6 May (1) near CC (FA), 13 May (10) TF (FA,
JMC), 14 May (1) TF (FA), 21 May (1) AF (FA, BW, LS), 22 May (1)
TF (FA). Blackburnian Warbler: 16 June (4) GSM (KC). Chestnut-sided
Warbler: 16 June (6) GSM (KC). Blackpoll Warbler: 2 June (1) CM (FA).
Yellow-throated Warbler: 16 June (1) E (RLH). Canada Warbler: 2 June (1)
CCB (RN). Baltimore Oriole: 26 May (1) G (FA), 2 June (1) G (FA),
RE), 16 June (1) G (KC). Scarlet Tanager: 16 June (1) GSM, (KC). Rose-
[VoL. 39, 1968]
68
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
breasted Grosbeak: 2 June (2) (nest) CCB 16 June (1) GSM (KC). Blue
Grosbeak: (3) throughout period MC (CWF, GD, HD). White-throated Spar-
row: 6 May (1) E (CWF).
Locations: AF — Abram’s Falls, CC — Cades Cove, CCB — Camp Creek Bald,
E — Elizabethton area, EC^ — Eden’s Cabin, G — Gatlinburg, GSM — ^Great Smoky
Mountain National Park, HM, — ^Holston Mountain, IG — Indian Gap, KS —
Kinzel Springs, LC — Laurel Creek, MC — Milligan College, MG — between
Maryville and Gatlinburg, TF — Tremont Forks Road, WL — Wilbur Lake, YM
— Yellow Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, FWB — Fred W. Behrend, JMC — James M,.
Campbell, HD — Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, CD — Mrs. George Dove, EC — Eliza-
bethton Chapter TOS, RE — Ray Ellis, CWF — ^C. W. Fairbanks, LRH — ^Lee
R. Herndon, KC — Knoxville Chapter TOS, RN — ^Ruth and/or Richard Nevius,
MER — M. E. Richmond, JES — Janet Semmes, CRS — ^Charles R. Smith, ETS —
Ed Smith, LS — Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Smith, BW — Mr. and Mrs. Bill Williams.
RAY M. ELLIS, 1 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
LEBANON— BIRD SANCTUARY
Lebanon Chapter of TOS voted, February 1968, to initiate the project of
having Lebanon designated a Bird Sanctuary. Work toward that objective has
developed in keeping with suggestions by the National Audubon Society and
the National Garden Clubs of America.
Publicity and education have been the two main tools of action. Publicity
has been toward planting of trees, shrubs and other plants to produce food and
shelter for birds, as well as places for their nesting and protection. Education
has been through the schools as well as "The Lebanon Democrat.” Over 1,000
pupils in the city schools have heard talks on conservation, including birds.
Merchants have donated prizes for posters made by the pupils. Many of these
posters have been on display in store windows in Lebanon and at the State TOS
convention. A weekly column about birds has been set up to appear in "The
Lebanon Democrat,” where frequent articles have already appeared to make
Lebanon’s citizens even more bird conscious.
Civic clubs, garden clubs. Scouts and other youth groups have been con-
tacted and this effort will continue. The management of the Junior Achieve-
ment groups has agreed to request consideration of the making of bird houses
and feeders when the next year’s work is planned. Several groups of Boy Scouts
have made bluebird houses. Government bulletins on plantings, feeders, and
houses have been distributed and are available. A committee is working on
appropriate signs which will be erected at highway entrances to the city. On
7 May, 1968, the Lebanon City Council by official action designated the city
of Lebanon a Bird Sanctuary.
RUTH MERRITT, Route 6, Lebanon 37087.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
69
NEW PRESIDENT-ELECT: GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
On 11 May 1968, the Tennessee Ornithological Society elected Dr. George
Radford Mayfield, Jr. the Society’s first President-elect. At the close of the
1969 State Meeting, Dr. Mayfield will officially take over the duties of the
current President, Robert W. McGowan of Memphis.
George Mayfield has been an ardent
member of T.O.S. during recent years
and is a familiar face at the annual State
Meetings. His mother has long been an
active member of the Society and her
attendance at the annual meetings dates
back many years. Perhaps, to the year
when she became what is believed to be
the first female member of T.O.S.
Dr. George R. Mayfield, Sr. (1877-
1964) became one of our five founders
when T.O.S. was organized on 7 October
1915 at Nashville. As a member of the
Nashville Chapter, he served as Chapter
President and as President of T.O.S. Thus
the Mayfields become the first father and
son in organizational history to accept
this top office in the Society.
Few men or women can claim a life-
time association with T.O.S. that dates
back beyond their childhood memory.
George Mayfield can! At the age of 41
he recalls, ". . . .1 began attending
I can remember but certainly by age three
to five. . . . early meetings at 'Birds I View’ on Stones River, Sycamore and
Marrow Bone Creeks in Middle Tennessee and at the H. P. I jams homeplace
in the 193 O’s . . . these were days when the entire T.O.S. membership at-
tending the spring meeting could be fed on the creek bank by one or two
diligent cooks. After the early morning bird walks I usually ended up wading,
building dams, and floating logs down the creek during the heat of the day.”
During the "in between years — 1942 to 1954” he experienced a hiatus
with his birding activities. He became increasingly occupied with high school
and his church choir. Later he was in medical school. As a graduate of Pea-
body Demonstration School in 1944, Mayfield enrolled and attended at Van-
derbilt for two years.
In January 1946 he became a member of the U. S. Army, and later, a
second lieutenant in the First Cavalry Division, 61st Field Artillery Battalion
and assistant communications officer and spent a year in Japan.
Mayfield returned to college and graduated at Vanderbilt University in
1950. He completed study at Vanderbilt Medical School in 1956. In 1959 he
concluded his training in Pathology at Charleston, West Virginia.
The years since, have been spent in Middle Tennessee where he has prac-
ticed pathology throughout the rural towns and at Maury County Hospital at
Columbia, where he makes his home.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
70
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
He is married to the former Cleo Gillund of Preston, Minnesota and they
have three children, Rad (7), Mark (5) and Rebecca (2).
As a pilot, he has frequently flown his private plane to count vultures,
hawks and herons on Christmas Counts. In addition he shares a similar interest
in music as choir director at First Presbyterian Church in Columbia and the
Columbia Choral Society.
RESIGNATION OF EDITORIAL STAFF MEMBER
It is with sincere regret that we announce the sudden and unexpected
resignation of Wallace Coffey from the Editorial Staff of The Migrant, effec-
tive as of 27 September 1968. Many of the improvements in the quality of the
material published and changes made in recent issues have been due to his
tireless efforts in attempting to improve our journal since December 1966 when
he assumed the position of Associate Editor.
BOOK REVIEW
The Shorebirds of North America. Editor and sponsor, Gardner Stout; text,
Peter Matthiessen; paintings, Robert Verity Clem; species accounts, Ralph S.
Palmer. 1967. New York, The Viking Press. 270^ pp., 32 color plates, line
drawings, 10| x 12 J in., cloth, $22.50.
The authors have collaborated to depict a glamorous sketch of each of the
seventy-five species of shorebirds occurring regularly on the North American
continent. Some of these species resemble other species so closely that many
observers regard shorebords, as a group, to be so difficult to identify, that the
time and effort required cannot be justified. These narratives attempt to dispel
that attitude and present many helpful suggestions to assist in their identifica-
tion. For instance, a species which closely resembles another species, in size,
markings, and behavior, may seldom associate with the species which it so
closely resembles, but associates with other species, from which it can be dis-
tinguished relatively easily; it may even favor an entirely different habitat.
The thirty- two water color paintings by Robert Verity Clem are exception-
ally well done and would be of great assistance in identification when the birds
are in spring or winter plumage, but many of the transition or confusing
plumages are lacking, making it necessary to consult other sources for the more
difficult identifications.
Almost half the book is devoted to the scientific "Species Accounts” by
Ralph S. Palmer, which covers: plumage, moults, descriptions, field marks,
voice, habitat, breeding range, nesting, habits, migration, and references. These
characteristics are more complete than field guides can be and, therefore, would
be very useful for reference purposes. It is an impressive book and one which
anyone would be proud to possess.
LEE R. HERNDON, Route 6, Elizabethton 37643.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
71
THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Thanks, T.O.S. members, for making our state meeting in Cookeville a
resounding success. And especial thanks go to Professor Miser Richmond and
his dedicated staff for their time and energy in
planning and producing our pleasant and reward-
ing experience at Tennessee Technological Uni-
versity. Also, our nominating committee deserves
our appreciation for their selection of our first
President-elect, Dr. George Mayfield, Jr. We are
indeed fortunate in being able to look forward to
the capable leadership of a person of the caliber
of Dr. Mayfield, who brings to our organization
a long family heritage of devoted affiliation with
T.O.S.
One year ago this month I wrote my first
brief President’s Message. I indicated then an
awareness of future successes and future failures,
and future knowledge to be gained from experi-
ence. I should like to indicate briefly some im-
pressions seen through a year of experience.
During a very recent visit with our Secretary, Helen Dinkelspiel, we
heartily agreed that the two year term of office for the officers of T.O.S. is
excellent. Also, we agreed that the provisions calling for an election of a
President-elect is certainly desirable. In this regard, I shall, at the appropriate
time, make available to our new President-elect copy of all pertinent corre-
spondence relative to the affairs of our organization. This can insure a conti-
nuity in the operation of the organization affairs without the previous lag in
communication resulting from a temporary break-down in organization ma-
chinery.
I was pleased to see the large turnout of members for the Board of Di-
rectors’ meeting in Cookeville. It is important for the total membership to be
aware of and involved in the affairs of our organization, and I again extend
an invitation for the members to attend these important meetings. The Board
of Directors’ meeting is the place where important affairs and issues are dis-
cussed and decided in a democratic manner. The individual director should
function in more than a mere perfunctory manner. He should come to the
meeting informed and involved, and willing to take back to the local chapter
the results of discussion and decision. The only power your President needs is
the power to request that the members help in solving fairly, in democratic
procedure, any problem that might exist. I have endeavored to do just that this
past year, and forgive me if I feel a bit satisfied with the results, but I do.
It is still my opinion that a creative and hard-working membership com-
mittee can make a considerable contribution to the future success of our or-
ganization. As one example, the city of Jackson, Tennessee, with four colleges
and a population of around 5 0,000, has no organization such as ours. Some
members regard a membership committee as having minimum value; others
feel that it is the life-blood of an organization. I should like to hear at the
next state meeting some discussion and recommendation regarding the need for
and role of a membership committee.
[VoL-. 39, 1968]
72
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
We are fortunate that Mack Prichard, Parks Naturalist, Tennessee Divi-
sion of State Parks, accepted the position as Coordinator of Conservation Ac-
tivities. Let’s give him our support, advising him of activities and conservation
needs existing in our state. Here is a chance for us to have some communica-
tion state-wide on these affairs which are so dear to our hearts and to realize
some concerted effort in their behalf. As Mack expressed so succinctly in his
acceptance statement, our function surely must be more than to be "enter-
tained by the birds.” I enjoyed that phrase, but do you ever feel sometimes in
the field that just maybe it is we who are entertaining the birds!
I commend the membership and the Editorial Staff of THE MIGRANT
for the cooperative manner in which a solution to the circulation problems of
the publication was reached. This has been a very real problem during the year
and it was my earnest hope that a workable solution could be found during
the state meetings. Once again I reiterate my belief that this organization is
comprised of people who, when made aware of a problem and presented with
possible solutions, will intelligently choose that solution which is fair and rea-
sonable for all concerned.
Respectfully,
Robert W. McGowan
COME TO UPPER EAST TENNESSEE
FOR THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL STATE T.O.S.
MEETING 9, 10, 11 MAY 1969,
AT EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY,
JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE
There will be a paper session on 10 May, at which papers describing
original research in the area of ornithology may be presented. If you
should wish to participate in this paper session, please send the title and
a synopsis of your topic and an estimation of the time required for its
presentation to the Editor as soon as possible.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for pubhcation
are given herewith.
MATERIAL; The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, speific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^xlT* paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in * 'continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE; Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION; Rare or unusual species identification to be accepta-
ble must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted.
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through
the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate de-
partmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front
cover.
CONTENTS
A Comparison of Three Heronries in the Mississippi Valley.
Earl L. Hanebrink 49
A Nesting Study of the King Rail and Least Bittern.
Jon E. DeV ore 53
Round Table Notes
Heronry at Dyersburg Still Active. Kenneth Leggett 59
Tree Swallows Nesting in East Tennessee. Frances B. Olson 59
Tree Swallow Nesting in Maury County. Dan R. Gray, III 61
Henslow’s Sparrow in Hardin County. David E. Patterson 61
December Nesting of the Carolina Wren. Jon E. DeVore 62
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 63
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Patterson 63
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 64
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 65
Eastern Mountain Region. Ray M. Ellis 67
Lebanon — ^Bird Sanctuary. Ruth Merritt 68
New President-elect: George R. Mayfield, Jr 69
Book Review: The Shorebirds of North America. Lee R. Herndon 70
The President’s Message. Robert W. McGowan.
71
ER 1968
VOL. 39, NO. 4 .
GRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
■ FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1950
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORl^ITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Forffided at Nashville, Teim., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organizatibn.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR........ LEE R HERNDON
; Rt. Eiizabethton, Tenn. 37643 PHI!^
assistant : EDITOR : .CHA RLES^R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601 MIB
‘‘STATE COUNT COMPILER”.. ......JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1967-1968
PRESIDENT ROBERT W. McGOWAN
Rt. 3, Box 86, CoiHerviile, Tenn. 38017 ®
PRESIDENT-ELECT .. .,^ GEORGE R. IvlAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
\TCE-PR£SIDENT EASl’ TENN. J. WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
VICE-PRESIDENT MIDDLE TENN MRS. AMEUA R. LASKEY
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, Tenn. 37215
ViCE-PRESIDENT WEST TENN. EARL J. FULLER
5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, Tenn. 38117
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN. CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Jolinson City, Tenn. 37601
MIDDIL TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37204
WEST TENN. W. H. BLACKBURN
Rt. 2, Camden,. Tenn. 38320
CURATOR.../... .....ALBERT F. GANEER
2112 Woodiawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY .....MRS. HENRY S. DINKELSPIEL
6519 Massey Lane, Germantown, Tenn. 38038
TREASURSR,. MISS ANNELLA CREECH
nuilf 1500 Woodmont Blvd., NashviHe, Tenn. 37215
V Anifuai dues, $3.00; Sustammg $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; family, $4.00
;i(c?haptcn*s’ may' collect additional fees to cover local expenses,) . Corresponding membership
(out , of Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may 'l3e had from tl;e Curator. Please Notify the Treasirxer of a. change of address.
■ ■ V';AV'
''.Published quarieriy Jtme, September, and December). Printed by The .King
Bhirtin^ Com;xiny, 5 09-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37<$20, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed' at LU2,abed'itofa, .Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 39
DECEMBER 1968
NO. 4
NESTING OF BLUEBIRDS AT ASHLAND CITY
By Amelia R. Laskey and Martha F. Herbert
In 1968, the 60 nest boxes in the Neptune Community of Ashland City
were checked weekly from 21 March through 28 August, when the final two
broods of Eastern Bluebirds {Sialia sialis) were banded.
Although a few nest boxes were placed on his farm. Rabbit Hill, by John
S. Herbert in 1963, the maximum number was not attained until 1967 and
1968, but no complete seasonal record was made until 1968 for the 60 nest
boxes placed on fence posts on 6 miles of rural road within an estimated area
of 3 square miles (1,800 acres). This area is 30 miles northwest of Nashville.
On 3 1 March, 1 1 boxes contained nest material; on 3 April first bluebird
eggs of the season were laid in two nests. During the season, 5 3 of the boxes
were used at least once by bluebirds, laying 119 sets of eggs (3 to 6 per
clutch) , totaling 502 eggs. From these, 347 hatched and 248 young fledged —
49.4 per cent of the number of eggs laid.
In addition to the 119 clutches in the nest boxes, at least two broods suc-
cessfully fledged from a martin house about 14 feet from the ground. Another
brood of 5, hatched in a fence post, was taken by a predator.
From the nest boxes, 240 nestlings were banded, plus 6 from the martin
house. Also 14 incubating or brooding females were banded and one was re-
trapped that had been banded in 1967 when checking of nests began in mid-
season. She was in a nest box about | of a mile from the one that she occupied
in 1967.
Two of the nest boxes were used by Tufted Titmice (Pams bicolor) and
one by a Carolina Chickadee (Partis carolinensis) . One titmouse nest con-
tained 8 eggs, from which 7 young fledged: the other of 6 eggs was unsuccess-
ful. The chickadee set of 6 eggs was also unsuccessful, all eggs broken.
House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) made many attempts to occupy the
nest boxes. From 21 March to 30 May, we removed 40 nests from 15 boxes.
These nests were in various stages of construction, but from 9 of them, 44
eggs were removed. In some instances, bluebirds used the boxes later in the
season.
Occasionally PoUstes wasps started building and egg-laying, but these paper
cells were removed immediately as was the nest of a bumble bee in another
box.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
74
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
Predators were responsible for most of the 43 complete nest failures. In
two instances large snakes {Elaphe species) commonly called chicken or gray
rat snakes, were found in the nests after consuming the contents. Among the
totally unsuccessful nests, 17 were robbed of 59 eggs and 11 were robbed of
49 young. The nests were left intact which is typical of snake predation. Seven
nests (3 0 eggs) were abandoned by the female for unknown reasons, but pos-
sibly on account of her death. Young were found dead in 5 nests (24 nest-
lings). From circumstantial evidence, pesticide spray is suspected in two in-
stances and three instances of ant predation on 1 1 hatching eggs were noted.
These boxes and posts were heavily dusted with pyrethrum powder to eliminate
the ants.
One dead female was found in a disturbed nest. Early in the season, 21
March, a male bluebird was found dead in Box 27 with a partial nest and on
10 April, a freshly killed female was found in the same box. In both instances
only the brains had been eaten by some small predator that could pass through
the \\ inch entrance. That box was then removed to another location.
The nest boxes are placed on fence posts, most of them about 5 feet from
the ground. The approximate area of 3 square miles consists of mixed habitat —
open meadows, planted fields of grain and tobacco, vegetable gardens, small
orchards and wooded areas near Cheatham Dam, Cumberland River. Houses
are scattered along the roadside in this beautiful country area with wild flowers
along the way and lovely vistas of rolling hills and valleys (altitude 500-5 5 0
feet) .
It is gratifying to note the fine population of bluebirds in the Neptune
Community. Eastern Bluebirds have had difficulties during the past ten years
due to the wide-spread use of poison sprays for insects and vegetation and the
utilization of open areas for closely-built subdivisions. As bluebirds feed mainly
on insects and wild fruits and do not adapt themselves to city environments,
the country-home area of the Neptune Community is well suited to the needs
of this attractive species.
All nest boxes were constructed and contributed by William F. Bell and
placed by John S. Herbert. The residents of the area are very pleased and very
cooperative in protecting the birds. Vandalism is non-existent.
Banding records are on file at the U. S. Bird Banding Laboratory so it is
hoped that any band found on a dead bird will be reported. As each band has
an individual number that identifies the bird, a report will furnish informa-
tion on the movements of that bird and on its life span. The bander’s report
to the Bird Banding Laboratory for a nestling bluebird banded 14 Aug. 1968
in the Neptune Community must be coded for IBM as follows:
4474-107-I34958-766-3-HY-U-2-82-361 -0870-08-14-68. The band shows on-
ly 107-13495 8 and the legend "Notify F & W S Wash. D. C.
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, 37215; 611 Lynnbrook Rd., Nashville,
37215.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
75
THE 1968 CHRISTMAS SEASON BIRD COUNT
Jon E. DeVore, Editor
The thirty-ninth annual Christmas Season Bird Count listed a total of 12 5
species. This represents the second highest number of species ever recorded in
the history of the Tennessee counts. The largest number of species ever record-
ed was in 196 5 when 130 species were observed throughout the state. One new
species was added to the total list, it being the Eastern Kingbird seen on the
Norris count.
Apparently northern finches returned to the state in good numbers this
winter, with Evening Grosbeaks, Pine Siskins, Red-breasted Nuthatches, and
Purple Finches being well distributed in the eastern portion of the state with
lesser numbers being noted as one moves west across the state. Species, other
than the Eastern Kingbird, which were of special interest included: Pigeon
Hawk, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Le Conte’s Sparrow at Memphis; Golden
Eagles and Tree Sparrows at Reelfoot; Long-eared Owls at Columbia; Greater
Scaup at Chattanooga; Least Sandpipers and Dunlin at Hiwassee; Green Heron,
Dunlin, and Common Redpoll at Knoxville; Short-billed Marsh Wren and
Henslow’s Sparrow at Great Smoky Mountains National Park; and Red Cross-
bills at Elizabethton and Bristol.
INFORMATION ON THE COUNTS
Seventeen areas, including two high altitude areas, conducted counts this
year. In the table and the information which follows, the areas are listed in
order of their occurrence from west to east. The two high altitude counts are
not listed on the table but are described in full in their appropriate place in
the information.
MEMPHIS — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center Highland
Heights; roughly 195 3 areas; wooded bottomlands, 25%; deciduous woods, city
parks and cemeteries, 30%; pastures and bare fields, 12%; suburban roadsides,
30%; river edge, 3%. 22 December: 6:50 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., almost steady
drizzle in a.m., overcast in p.m. Temp. 5C; wind SW, 0-13 m.p.h., some
standing water (36 hour drizzle). Nineteen observers in seven parties. Total
party-hours 68 (50 on foot, 18 by car); total party miles 156 (49 on foot,
107 by car) .
Pigeon Hawk (Alice Smith, first on Memphis Count) ; Catbird (Mr. &
Mrs. Henry Dinkelspiel, George Hervey) ; Orange-crowned Warbler (Jack
Embury); Le Conte’s and Tree Sparrows (Mrs. Ben B. Coffey). Seen in area
during count period but not on count day: Yellow-breasted Chat (12-16
Dec. Victor Julia; 24 Dec. and 2 Jan. Mrs. Ben B. Coffey), Evening Grosbeak
(2 5 Dec. on. Dr. W. L. Whittemore, Mrs. Ben B. Coffey).
Mr. and Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. (compilers). Dr. Julian Darlington, Mary
Davant, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dinkelspiel, Jack Embury, Earl J. Fuller, George
[Voi . 39, 1 968]
THE 1968 CHRISTMAS SEASON BIRD COUNTS
76
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
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[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
77
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[VoL. 39, 1968]
78
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
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[VoL. 39, 1968]
Total Individuals 61692 56552 2582 2215 5499 7976 5342 875 9696 6472 2532 6985 2277 8270 1694 1673
Total Species 68 85 40 61 71 66 58 44 84 66 64 74 58 48 49 55
1968
THE MIGRANT
79
Hervey, Oliver Irwin, Edward M. King, Kenneth Leggett, Ella Ragland, Ernest
Restivo, Alice Smith, Dr. and Mrs. Arlo I. Smith, Lynn Smith, Dr. L. P. Wil-
son.
REELFOOT LAKE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center in
Reelfoot Lake on west side of Starve Pond, extending northward to north end
of Lake 9 in Kentucky, eastward to bridge on South Reelfoot Creek near Pro-
temus and to the town of Hornbeak, southward to north end of Lake Isom
Refuge, westward to Mississippi River; deciduous woods, 3 0%; fields and pas-
tures, 50%; lakes and swamps, 10%; river, 5%, towns, 5. 27 December: 6:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m., cloudy, intermittent rain. Temp. 5 2° to 5 5°; wind SE, 15-
2 5 m.p.h. Ten observers in four parties. Total party-hours 34 (14 on foot, 20
by car); total party-miles 234 (15 on foot, 219 by car).
Seen in area during count period but not on count day: White-crowned
Sparrow, Common Snipe.
Evelyn Cole, John DeLime, Williard Gray, Janice Leggett, Kenneth Leggett
(compiler), Clell Peterson, Arlo Smith, Kaye Smith, Noreen Smith, Bettie
Sumara.
HENDERSON — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center just
inside west city limits of Henderson, east to shore of Lake Lajoie in Chickasaw
Park. Area includes Highway 100, Chickasaw Park, Fire Tower, Hughes Road
south to Montezuma, Silverton and surrounding area. 26 December: 6:45 a.m.
to 4:45 p.m. Temp. 44° to 5 5°; wind 8-20 m.p.h., wind brisk most of day
with a smooth cloud cover. One observer in one party. Total party-hours 10
(3 on foot, 7 by car); total party-miles 54.6 (5 on foot, 49.6 by car).
The 20 Turkey Vultures and 9 Black Vultures were seen on way to roost.
Eleven Evening Grosbeaks were at the feeder in yard; first appeared on 22
November.
Mrs. E. M. Carpenter, Sr.
SAVANNAH — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center six
miles SE of Savannah courthouse. 1 January: 7:30 a.m. to 5:3 0 p.m. Temp. 16°
to 30°; wind N, 0-10 m.p.h., clear during day. Four observers in one party.
Total party-hours 10; total party-miles 60.
David Patterson (compiler) , Mike Patterson, Paul Patterson, Roger Pat-
terson.
COLUMBIA — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center 1 mile
west of Zion Church to include Columbia, Mt. Pleasant, Arrow Lake, Hamp-
shire, Williamsport, Duck River and Monsanto Ponds; Deciduous woods, 20%;
fields and pastures, 5 0i% ; swamps, lakes, and riverbanks, 15%; farmyards, 5%,
towns, 10%. 26 December: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Temp. 32° to 50°; wind
SE 5-12 m.p.h., weather mostly cloudy. Six observers in four parties. Total
party-hours 1 5 ; total party-miles 180.
The two Long-eared Owls were found in the same pine thicket as in 196 5
by Daniel Gray III.
William Dale, William Fugua, Daniel Gray III, Cleo Mayfield, George R.
Mayfield, Jr. (compiler), Evelyn Ridley.
fVoL. 39, 1968]
80
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
NASHVILLE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on the
Harpeth River bridge over Tennessee Highway 100. Radnor Lake was included.
Deciduous wooded hills, 40%; fields and pastures, 25%; riverbottom fields,
20%; roadsides and suburban yards, including 11 feeding stations, 15%. 28
December: 6:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Temp. 41° to 36°; wind NNW 6-30 m.p.h.
and very gusty; a light rain at daybreak, then overcast the rest of the day.
Thirty-eight observers in eight parties, plus eleven at home feeders in area. To-
tal party-hours 59 (38.5 on foot, 20.5 by car); total party-miles 163 (33 on
foot, 130 by car) .
Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Anderson, Mrs. Ann Arnett, Mr. and Mrs. William F.
Bell, Sr., Mike Bierly, Ruth Castles, Annella Creech, Mrs. Leon DeBrohun,
Charles DeWitt, Sam Doak, Mrs. Nelson Elam, Mrs. Erline Elmore, John Ellis,
Dr. Charles Farrell, Albert F. Ganier, Katherine Goodpasture, Ben Groce, Mr.
and Mrs. John Herbert, Mrs. A. B. Herron, Louise Jackson, Carol Knauth,
Margaret Mann, Harry Monk, Mrs. Robert Nichols, Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Nord-
holt, Henry E. Parmer (compiler), Ellen Ttringer, Mrs. Ann Tarbell, Lawrence
Trabue, Bob and Bill Trammell, Ruth White, Mr. and Mrs. George Woodring,
Virginia Workman.
LEBANON — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on the
Lebanon square, including wooded areas, back yards. Old Hickory Lake Refuge,
and open country. 27 December: daylight to dark. Temp 30° to 40°, light
intermittent rain, strong biting north wind.
Doug Allen, Mrs. Winstead Bone, Mrs. George Bouton, Mrs. Glenn Bur-
chett, Miss Martha Campbell, Miss Margaret Campbell, Mrs. Louise Chambers,
Mr. and Mrs. Clay D. Couch, Mrs. Robert Cox, Mrs. Alyne Eastes, Mrs. Carter
Farris, Miss Burta Ferrell, Mrs. Emmet Gaston, Mrs. S. B. Gilreath, Grady
Graves, Mrs. John Graves, Mrs. Roy Hobbs, Dr. and Mrs. M. S. Howard, Mr.
and Mrs. Paul S. Hunton, Mr. and Mrs. Thurman Jamison, Dick Lawler, Mrs.
Sam B. McFarland, Mr. and Mrs. Dixon Merritt, Mr. and Mrs. Byron S. Paul
(compilers), John Sellers, Mr. and Mrs. Porter Taylor, Mrs. Henry Waters,
Mrs. William Welty, Mrs. Luke Williams, Miss Mary Wharton, Dr. and Mrs.
R. D. Wilkinson.
COOKEVILLE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on
the city of Cookeville. Included in the area is yard and garden space, open
country, fields and woods, city lake area, and swamp area. 27 December: 7:00
a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Temp. 50° to 5 5°; wind 5-15 m.p.h., day was cloudy,
windy, and with intermittent rain, especially in the afternoon. Eleven ob-
servers. Total party-hours 54; total party-miles 8 5 (7 on foot, 78 by car).
Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Caprice Haile, Mr. R. D. High, Mr. Roy T.
Hinds, Dr. Paul L. Hollister, Amy Johnson, Dr. and Mrs. Sidney L. McGee,
Annice Moore, Mr. Miser R. Richmond, Ken Rogers, Marie White (compiler).
CHATTANOOGA — All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center on
the National Cemetery; fields and pastures, 3 5%; woodlands, 20%; ponds and
lakes, 15%; creeks and rivers, 15%; roadsides, 10%; and residential areas,
5%. 29 December: 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Temp. 33° to 44°; wind NNW 0-2
m.p.h., very scattered clouds in the early a.m., then clearing with no clouds in
the late a.m. or p.m., bright sun in the p.m. Thirty-one observers in fourteen
parties. Total party-hours 105 (68 on foot, 37 by car); total party-miles 562
(82 on foot, 480 by car).
[VoL. 39, 1968 ]
1968
THE MIGRANT
81
The Greater Scaup were observed under excellent light conditions and in
comparison with Lesser Scaup on Chickamauga Lake. Birds had been present
for some time and have been seen by several observers.
Francis Barnwell, Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Barr, Pam Bowmen, Ralph Bullard,
Dr. W. K. Butts, Maxine Crownover, Jon E. DeVore (compiler), Mark and
Helen DeVore, Kenneth H. Dubke, Roy Evenson, Dr. and Mrs. John R. Free-
man, James Garrett, Howard and Mary Lou Meadors, Gladys C. Nelson, Mable
Norman, Beulah Parks, Eugene and Eva Ranger, Theo L. Rogers, Veta Sliger,
Mary Tunsberg, Jack and Mark Wagner, Adele and Gene West, Mrs. Collin S.
Wilcox, Mrs. H. B. Wilkinson.
HIWASSEE— All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on State
Highway 5 8 bridge at the Hiwassee River; agricultural fields, 30%; deciduous
woods, 30%; creeks and rivers, 15%; residential areas, 10%; roadside and
weedy areas, 10%; evergreen woods, 5%. 27 December: 6:00 a.m. to 5:15 p.m.
Temp 3 8® to 54®; wind S, 1-12 m.p.h., light overcast in the early a.m., heavier
clouds in the early p.m. with occasional drizzle in the late p.m. Five observers
in three parties. Total party-hours 27 (13 on foot, 14 by car); total party-
miles 284 (37 on foot, 247 by car).
The Dunlin were found at three separate locations. The Least Sandpipers
were found with a small group of Dunlin at the Mouse Creek area to the east-
ern edge of the count circle. Both species had been present all fall and had
been seen by several observers.
Ralph Bullard, Jon E. DeVore (compiler), Kenneth H. Dubke, Adele and
Gene West.
NORRIS — All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center on BM 1062
Norris Dam, to include Clinch River, Hinds Creeks, Clear Creek, Norris Lake,
Cane Creek, Norris, Andersonville, Lake City; mixed hardwoods, cedars, and
pines, 5 5%; fields and pastures, 40%; towns, 5%. 21 December: 5:00 a.m. to
5:00 p.m. Temp. 27® to 43®; wind, calm, clear in a.m., cloudy in p.m., light
rain last hour, all water areas open.
The Eastern Kingbird was observed on the count day by Richard B. Fitz,
biologist with the T.V.A. Bird was viewed with 8x30 binoculars as it was
perched in the field edge of a brushy swale bordering Byrams Fork of Hinds
Creek near the Lone Mountain Community east of Andersonville. The bird
was seen the following day by Francis Olson of Norris. Seen in area during
count period but not on count day: Wood Duck, Common Goldeneye, Sparrow
Hawk, RuflFed Grouse, Hermit Thrush.
James H. Burbank (compiler), Richard B. Fitz, Gordon E. Hall, Ben D.
Jaco, Frances Moore, Francis Olson.
KNOXVILLE- — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on Oak
Ridge Highway at Third Creek; deciduous woods and pine woods, 25%; fields
and pastures, 16%; roadsides and brushy fields, 25%; residential areas, 20%;
lakes and marshes, 14%: 29 December: 6:30' a.m. to 6:3 0 p.m. Temp. 28® to
42®; wind, variable and light, partly cloudy to clear. Twenty-one observers in
ten parties. Total party-hours 80 (44 on foot, 36 by car) ; total party-miles
340 (32 on foot, 308 by car).
[VoL. 39, 1968]
82
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
The Green Heron was identified by Tony Koella, and was the second time
for this species on a Christmas Count. The Common Redpolls were seen at a
feeding station where they had been seen on other days. They were identified
by Mrs. Terry McGown who was familiar with them in Canada.
Mrs. A. B. Burritt, J. M. Campbell, R. J. Dunbar, Danny Ellis, John Elson,
Elizabeth French, Maurice Grigsby, Mrs. Elizabeth Henry, Gale Hobbs, W. M.
Johnson, Tony Koella, Terry McGown, Muriel Monroe, Julia Moore, Louise
Nunnally, Owell Puckett, Lynn Satterfield, Steve Satterfield, Terry Satterfield,
Boyd Sharp, J. T. Tanner (compiler).
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, TENN.-N.C.— All
points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, centered on Bullhead, to include US
441 from Pigeon Forge to Kephart Prong; Tenn. 73 from Pittman Center to
Metcalf Bottoms; Appalachian Trail from Mount Collins to Newfound Gap;
West Prong Little Pigeon River; Little River; Cherokee Orchard; Emerts
Cove; Wear Cove; LeConte Creek; open farm land, 5%; abandoned fields,
10%; stream courses, 25%; farm woodlots, 5%; deciduous forests, 25%;
pine forests, 10%; spruce-fir forests, 15%; towns, 5%. 22 December: 7:00
a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Temp 34° to 5 5°; wind, variable 5 to 30 m.p.h. with gusts
up to 40 m.p.h. Overcast and rain all day with 0.40 inches of rain in the
lower elevations and 1.5 8 inches in the higher elevations.
Three birds were seen for the first time on the Smokies Christmas Count.
These were the Blue Goose, Henslow’s Sparrow and the Short-billed Marsh
Wren. The Blue Goose is of special interest since it has been observed in the
river in Gatlinburg since October, 1967. It appeared after the bird kill at the
Ski Resort that year, and although it is a normal healthy bird, capable of
flight, it has made no attempt to leave.
Gilbert Banner, Joshua Banner, James Campbell, Robert J. Dunbar, Danny
Ellis, Miss Mary Enloe, Maurice E. Grigsby, Miss Gale Hobbs, Dr. Joseph C.
Howell, Miss Susan Hoyle, Mrs. George McGown, Robert A. Monroe, Miss
Louise Nunnally, Mrs. Holly Overton, Stephen Satterfield, Terry Satterfield,
A. Boyd Sharp, Jr., Ed Smith, Arthur Stupka, Mrs. Arthur Stupka, Richard C.
Zani (compiler).
COSBY — Eastern end of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park from
Cosby Recreation area to Low Gap. 5 January: 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Temp.
12° to 24°, clear to cloudy. Total party-miles 5 (5 on foot). Four observers
in one party.
Belted Kingfisher 1, Red-bellied Woodpecker 2, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 5,
Hairy Woodpecker 7, Downy Woodpecker 2, Common Crow 2, Carolina and
Black-capped Chickadees 12, Tufted Titmouse 8, Red-breasted Nuthatch 5,
Carolina Wren 2, Hermit Thrush 1, Golden-crowned Kinglet 15, Ruby-
crowned Kinglet 1, Cardinal 3, Evening Grosbeak 13, Pine Siskin 5, Slate-
colored Junco 2, White-crowned Sparrow 1.
Bob Holt, Roger Miller, Richard Nevius, Dr. R. B. Spees.
GREENEVILLE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center three
miles west of Greeneville on Highway 11-E. Woodlands, 50%; fields, 40%;
pastures, ponds, stream, and town, 10%. 29 December: 7:30 a.m. to 6:15 p.m.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
83
Temp. 30° to 40°; wind, variable 0-10 m.p.h., cloudy to clear. Thirteen ob-
servers in nine parties. Total party-hours 57; total party-miles 54 (24 on foot,
30 by car) .
Mr. and Mrs. Chester Darnell (compilers), Roger Draper, William Fischer,
David Johnson, Irving Landmark, S. R. McGuire, Richard Nevius, Randy
Russell, Richard Sievert, Dr. and Mrs. Royal B. Specs, Mrs. E. T. Shaw.
ELIZABETHTON — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center
Wilbur Dam, to include Wilbur Lake, major portions of Watauga Lake, parts
of Watauga and Doe Rivers, parts of South Holston and Iron Mountains, city
of Elizabethton; lake borders, 5%; stream borders, 50%; woodlands, 30%;
weed fields, 15%. 29 December: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Temp. 22° to 38°;
wind WNW, 0-15 m.p.h., cloudy, windy all day; no snow cover, all waters
clear. Seven observers in four parties. Total party-hours 27.5 (12 on foot, 15.5
by car); total party-miles 186.8 (7.5 on foot, 179.3 by car).
Fred Behrend, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, Joy Dillenbeck, Mrs. George Dove,
Roby May, Craig Shepherd, Charles Smith (compiler).
BRISTOL, TENN.-VA. — All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, center
at junction of U.S. 11 and Route 62 5, to include Bristol, South Holston Lake
and river; fields and farmland, 40%; mixed deciduous forest, 25%; lakes and
rivers, 15%; towns and residential, 10%; mixed, 10%. 29 December: 6:3 0
a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Temp. 28° to 3 3°; wind NE, 0-5 m.p.h., generally clear, no
snow cover, waters open. Eight observers in five parties. Total party-hours
1 5.75 (10.25 on foot, 5.5 by car) ; total party-miles 1 14 (3 on foot. 111 by
car) .
The 17 Red Crossbills were observed at the County Park near the U.S. 421
Highway Bridge at South Holston Lake. This represents a first for our count
and the flock was observed by J. Wallace Coffey as they fed from the cones of
Virginia Pines. The flock appeared to be mixed males and females. They were
approached within 1 5 feet and the red plumage and crossed bills were very
evident. They frequently perched in exposed positions and the call notes of the
flock could easily be heard. The period of observation was about ten minutes.
J. Wallace Coffey (compiler) , Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Epperson, Enno Van-
Gelder, Roger VanGelder, David McPeak, Nancy McPeak, C. T. Ottenfeld.
ROAN MOUNTAIN — From Roan Valley settlement of summer cottages
at 4750 feet along mountain road and through pasture and woodland to Carv-
ers Gap at 5 500 feet. On Forest Service highway and along "Balsam Road”
through coniferous forest to Rhododendron Gardens. Return by Forest Service
highway to Carvers Gap and starting point. 24 December: eight and one-quar-
ter hours. Temp. 14° at start, 8° at mid-day, 15° at finish; wind NNW, most-
ly 30 to 40 m.p.h., brilliant sunshine. High wind making dry snow in pasture
and other open areas swirl in clouds. Snow up to 8 inches deep, except on high-
way from which blown off by wind. "Balsam Road” very slick with ice under
snow. Three observers in one party. Total party-hours 9; total party-miles 18.
Ruffed Grouse 1, Hairy Woodpecker 1, Downy Woodpecker 2, Red-breasted
Nuthatch 8, Slate-colored Junco 6, Song Sparrow 1 (an unusual occurrence at
4700 foot elevation) .
Fred Behrend (compiler), Jim Fjnucane, Joe Finucane,
[VoL. 39, 1968]
84
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
ROUND TABLE NOTES
SONG SPARROW NESTS AT COOKEVILLE--On 11 May 1968, at the
request of Mrs. James (Caprice) Haile, it was my privilege to drive Mr. Albert
Ganier and Mrs. Amelia Laskey out to Mrs. Haile’s to examine a nest in her
garden which she was reasonably sure was that of a Song Sparrow (Melos piza
melodia) . She had seen and heard the Song Sparrow and had seen the bird leav-
ing the nest. The nest held 2 small young a few hours old, 2 unhatched eggs of
the sparrow and one egg of a Cowbird. Mr. Ganier identified the eggs of the
Song Sparrow and removed the Cowbird egg. The nest was built deep down
in a lush clump of day lilies which grew in a garden. The parent bird flew from
the nest, remained near and later came close, making identification positive.
Two days later, the sparrow eggs were found to have hatched. This nest was
on the outskirts of Cookeville. Spng Sparrows have been seen in Cookeville in
several different areas during breeding season but so far no other nests have
been found.
Beulah Clark, Route 4, Cookeville 3 8 501.
EDITOR’S NOTE: This is the most westerly nest in Tennessee as yet re-
corded. In The Migrant 36:60, Ben B. Coffey recorded them in breeding
season even further west, viz. Manchester, but did not succeed in finding a nest.
MISSISSIPPI KITES AT REELFOOT — About noon on 2 September 1968,
my wife and I were driving toward the Mississippi River ferry near Tiptonville.
We noticed four hawks soaring over the sandy area and dump just east of the
ferry. We were able to identify them as Mississippi Kites (Ictinia misisippien-
sis) . They were observed for about twenty minutes through 9x36 binoculars
and a 15 -6 Ox telescope.
Three of the four kites were adults. The pale gray head and black tail were
clearly visible. The fourth apparently was a juvenile with streaked underparts
and a barred tail. When first observed they were fairly low. At times they
would soar up high then suddenly drop down by side-slipping, feet first.
As we drove northward up the levee road, we were able to see two more
kites soaring along the river bank. The weather was unseasonably cool and
clear with the wind out of the southwest about 15 m.p.h. A cold front had
passed through the week before.
As we went back through Tiptonville, we told Gene and Mary Lou Cypert
where we had seen the kites. Later the same afternoon they observed two in
the same area.
On the same day we also observed a Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter stri-
atus) near Walnut Log and a Broad- winged Hawk (Buteo plafypterus) in the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Game Reserve at the north end of Reelfoot Lake.
Kenneth Leggett, RFD 1, Dyersburg 3 8024.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
85
SWALLOW-TAILED KITE NEAR NASHVILLE— On 11 August 1968,
a Swallow-taikd Kite {Elanmdes forficatus) was observed at Donelson, Tenn.,
which is seven miles east of Nashville. The bird was leisurely passing over the
suburbs of the town, about 200 feet up and soaring in circles while moving
southward in a fairly direct line. The observers who watched this rare visitor
from the south were Mrs. H. A. Hatcher and Mrs. Euclid Moore, both T.O.S.
members who, with their husbands, were in the Moore yard at the time. They
noted the white underparts, the black wings and tail and the deeply forked
formation of the latter. They at once consulted their field guides and found
the illustration that confirmed their earlier identification. Some days later they
visited my collection of study skins and when I showed them the specimen
that was accidentally killed near Winchester, Tenn., 12 August 1965, they
readily recognized it as the species they had seen on 1 1 August. Reference to
The Migrant 36:5 8 shows this to be the fourth Tennessee record in the last
fifty years.
Albert F. Ganier, 2112 Woodlawn Dr., Nashville 37212.
NASHVILLE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE CORNELL NEST-REC-
ORD PROGRAM — ^During the 1967 nesting season the members of the Nash-
ville Chapter continued their participation in the North American Nest-Record
Card Program, sponsored by the Laboratory of Ornithology at Cornell Uni-
versity. The general area of Middle Tennessee produced cards (numbers in
parenthesis) on the following species: Canada Goose (1), Bob white (1),
Mourning Dove (2), Whip-poor-will (1) Pileated Woodpecker (1), Red-
bellied Woodpecker (2), Red-headed Woodpecker (2), Downy Woodpecker
(3), Eastern Kingbird (1), Barn Swallow (3), Cliff Swallow (1 card repre-
senting a nesting colony of 100 nests). Purple Martin (15 cards representing
80 nests, with one card used per nesting colony). Blue Jay (2), Common
Crow (1), Carolina Chickadee (H), Tufted Titmouse (1), House Wren (2),
Carolina Wren (1), Mockingbird (5), Catbird (3 ) , Brown Thrasher (3 ) ,
Robin (5), Eastern Bluebird (61), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (2) Starling (9),
Blue-winged Warbler, (1) Louisiana Waterthrush (1), House Sparrow (7),
Red-winged Blackbird (1) Orchard Oriole (3), Common Crackle (4), Brown-
headed Cowbird (2), Cardinal (7), Indigo Bunting (1), Rufous-sided Towhee
(1), Chipping Sparrow (2). A total of 169 cards, representing 333 nests of
36 species, was turned in. There were fifteen participants in the program: Gary
Allen, Mrs. William F. Bell, Mrs. Kathlein Bratton, Mrs. Erline Elmore, Mrs.
Katherine Goodpasture, John Herbert, Mrs. Martha Herbert, Mrs. W. L. Mc-
Crary, Mrs. William McElroy, Mrs. Fanny Murphy, Henry Parmer, Mrs. W. L.
Smith, Mrs. Evelyn Stone, L. O. Trabue, Mary Wood.
Of special interest is the report by Mrs. Fanny Murphy of a nest started by
bluebirds and finished by chickadees, resulting in the hatching and raising of
one bluebird and three chickadees by the chickadees {The Migrant 39:11).
Martha and John Herbert have gone into the bluebird business in a big way
at their farm in Cheatham County. Mrs. Amelia Laskey is participating with
the Herberts in this project. This year’s results are as follows: available nest
boxes, 53; boxes used, 39; number of occupied nests, 48; eggs laid, 191;
[Voi.. 39, 1968]
86
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
eggs hatched, 116; nestlings fledged and banded, 91. This project will be con-
tinued and expanded.
Laurence Trabue, 3819 Harding Place, Nashville 37215.
NOTES ON SECOND ANNUAL INFORMAL SYMPOSIUM— Thirty-
three persons gathered 26 October 1968, at Pete Smith’s Watts Bar Resort for
the Second Annual Fall Symposium. Mr. Fred Alsop III discussed Swainson’s
Warbler {Limnothlypis stvaimonii) in Tennessee. Mr. Fred W. Behrend related
experiences of twenty-five years of bird study on Roan Mountain. Mr. Albert
Ganier talked of his experience over the years in searching for nesting Peregrine
Falcons {Falco peregrinus) . M,r. Charles Smith read a paper submitted by Mr.
Mark B. Simpson of Statesville, N. C., relating his search for nesting Saw-whet
Owls (Aegolms acadica) in the southern Appalachians. Mrs. Earl Olson gave
her observations of nesting Tree Swallows {Iridoprocne bicolor) in East Ten-
nessee. Mr. Mack Prichard, naturalist with State Parks Department, gave the
evening program on conservation, wild areas, and pollution. It was decided
the third annual symposium will be held at the same location. Mr. Kenneth
H. Dubke presided at the meeting.
Frances Olson, Norris 37828.
COME TO UPPER EAST TENNESSEE
FOR THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL STATE T.O.S.
MEETING 9, 10, 11 MAY 1969,
AT EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY,
JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE
There will be a paper session on 10 May, at which papers describing
original research in the area of ornithology may be presented. If you
should wish to participate in this paper session, please send the title and
a synopsis of your topic and an estimation of the time required for its
presentation to the Editor as soon as possible.
tVoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
87
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
TREASURER’S REPORT — MAY 1967 - MAY 1968
MEMBERSHIPS
PAID
1967
UNPAID
1968
PAID
1968
INDI-
VIDUAL
FAMILY
TAIN-
sus-
ING
STU-
DENT
LIFE
COLLECTED
Bristol
33
4
31
15
15
1
$ 90.50
Chattanooga
27
9
29
16
8
—
3
2
96.50
U. Cumberland
22
5
21
17
4
—
—
—
54.50
Elizabethton
13
16
8
5
—
2
1
41.00
Greeneville
9
2
10
2
8
—
—
—
29.00
Kentucky Lake
7
7
1
1
—
—
—
—
3.00
Knoxville
73
4
82
36
25
2
15
4
221.50
Lebanon
18
—
23
13
9
—
—
1
65.00
Memphis
61
11
64
44
14
2
1
3
196.00
Nashville
134
29
139
71
42
9
6
11
438.00
Reelf oot
17
6
17
8
7
—
2
—
40.50
Tenn-at-Large
41
6
36
24
6
1
3
2
106.50
Corresponding
65
9
63
50
3
2
3
5
140.00
520
92
532
305
146
17
35
29
$1522.00
SUBSCRIPTIONS — ^Libraries and Museums 88.00
$1610.00
OTHER INCOME
M.I.T. Dividends $145.87
Shoulder Patches 3 8.75
Check Lists and Books 71.05
Back Issues THE MIGRANT 221.44
Advertising THE MIGRANT 20.00
Reprints 16.46
513.57
TOTAL INCOME FROM ALL SOURCES $2123.57
DISBURSEMENTS
Printing THE MIGRANT $1665.35
Secretarial Acct. — MIGRANT 100.00
Mailing Permit, Postage, Envelopes 130.03
Reprints of Articles 18.67
Check Lists and Books 43.75
Officers’ Stationery, Postage 129.70
Printing Constitution 18.50
3 M.I.T. Shares (Life Memberships) 53.64
TOTAL DISBURSED $2159.64
Balance on Hand April 25, 1967 $1979.26
Income as Itemized Above 2123.57
$4102.83
Disbursements as Itemized Above 2159.64
NET BALANCE ON HAND $1943.19
ENDOWMENT FUND-
312 M.I.T. Certificates on Hand @$16.52 $5154.24
1 May 1968 Annella Creech, Treasurer
[VoL. 39, 1968]
88
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
Dry weather with cooler than average temperatures prevailed throughout
August, September, and October across the state. August was the driest month
with precipitation as much as 2.5 inches below the average for that month in
some areas (e.g. Cumberland Plateau). September followed August with more
dry weather and much cooler temperatures. The September temperature average
for the Western Coastal Plain of Tennessee was 3.5 dgrees below the average
for that month. October brought some relief from the dry weather, with
precipitation levels returning to near normal for most of the state; however,
the temperature still remained somewhat below average and traces of snow
were reported from most parts of the state, except the Coastal Plain Region.
Probably the most significant record for this period is that of the Ground
Dove from the Savannah area. This bird constituted a first record for the state.
It is also interesting to note that the Cattle Egret may now be described as
"routine” in the Reelfoot area, and that records of its occurrence are still in-
creasing in number and spreading across the state.
Among the birds of prey, records of the Mississippi Kite from the Coastal
Plain and especially the Swallow-tailed Kite from the Nashville area (see
"Round Table Notes”) are notable. Peregrine Falcons were also reported from
the Plateau and Basin and Ridge and Valley Regions. Another record for the
Saw- whet Owl was presented for the Nashville area. The Rough-legged Hawk
was again recorded from the Ridge and Valley Region.
Other records of interest include Sandhill Cranes from both the Plateau and
Basin and Ridge and Valley Regions. Records of the Sanderling and American
Avocet are notable both for the state and for the Chattanooga area. The Least
Tern was also unusual for the Chattanooga area.
Scattered reports of Purple Finches and Pine Siskins (the latter primarily
from the Eastern regions) suggest that this winter might be another fair season
for Northern finches, so keep your eyes and ears open.
Details of the above noted observations may be found in the reports which
follow.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
89
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— Hero f7s-Os prey: Great Blue
Heron: 21 Sept. (13) LL. Cattle Egret: 25 Aug. (2) D, 6 Sept. (60) D, 21
Sept. (100) D (KL), 12 Oct. (13) R. Gadwall: 8 Sept. (3) R. Green-winged
Teal: 15 Oct. (150) R. Blue-winged Teal: 2 Aug. (75) R. American Widg-
eon: 11 Sept. (3) R. Shoveler: 26 Sept. (75) R. Redhead: 2 5 Oct. (3) R.
Ring-necked Duck: 16 Oct. (750) R. Canvasback: 29 Oct. (10) R. Ruddy
Duck: 14 Oct. (150) R. Mississippi Kite: 18 Aug. (1) R, 2 Sept (6) R
(KL). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 2 Sept. (1) R, 21 Sept. (1) LL, 12 Oct. (1) R.
Cooper’s Hawk: 18 Aug. (1) R, 2 Sept. (3) R, 21 Sept. (4) LL, 29 Sept. (1)
R, 28 Oct. (1) H, all (KL). Broad-winged Hawk: 4 Oct. (11) LL. Bald
Eagle: 28 Aug. (3) R (HSD). Marsh Hawk: 8 Sept. (1) R, 29 Sept. (2) R,
28 Oct. (1) H. Osprey: 12 Oct. (1) R.
Sandpipers-Kinglet: Pectoral Sandpiper: 2 Sept. (1) R. Least Sandpiper: 2
Sept. (1) R. Ground Dove: 20 Oct. (1) banded S; retrapped 7 Nov. (MP,
DP). Great Horned Owl: all Sept. (1-3) S. Whip-poor-will: to 20 Sept. (1)
S. Red-headed Woodpecker: 2 Sept. (48) R. Traill’s Flycatcher: 8 Sept. (1)
R (KL). Least Flycatcher: 4 Oct. (1) banded S. Tree Swallow: 2 Sept.
(3,5 00 R, 12 Oct. (11,000) R. Bank Swallow: 2 Sept. (150) R. (KL).
Rough-winged Swallow: 28 Aug. (2,000) R (HSD). Barn Swallow: 12 Oct.
(54) R. Cliff Swallow: 12 Oct. (2) R. Purple Martin: 12 Oct. (3) R (MD).
Fish Crow: 12 Oct. (1) R. Red-breasted Nuthatch: 12 Oct. (1) R, 28 Oct.
(1) H. House Wren: 10 Oct. (1) first S record (DP). Wood Thrush: 12 Oct.
(1) R, 21 Oct. (1) S. Hermit Thrush: 12 Oct. (5) R Golden-crowned King-
let: 12 Oct. (5) R.
Vireos -War biers: Solitary Vireo: 12 Oct. (1) R, 22 Oct. (1) S. Philadelphia
Vireo: 29 Sept. (1) R, 4 Oct. (5) LL, 12 Oct. (3 ) R, (all KL) . Tennessee
Warbler: Oct. (98), 6 Nov. (1), 7 Nov. (1) banded, S. Orange-crowned
Warbler: 12 Oct. (1) R, 5 Nov. (1) banded, S. Black-throated Green
Warbler: to 22 Oct. (1) R. (EC) . Blackburnian Warbler: 28 Sept. (2) R,
to 10 Oct. (1) S. Palm Warbler: to 18 Oct. (2) S. Mourning Warbler: 12
Sept. (1) S. Wilson’s Warbler: 29 Sept (1) R (KL) .
Oriole-Sparrows: Baltimore Oriole: 8 Sept. (1) R (KL). Rusty Blackbird:
12 Oct. (1 ) R. Scarlet Tanager: 7 Oct. (1), 1 1 Oct. (1) S. Rose-breasted
Grosbeak: 14 Sept. (1) R, 4 Oct. (200) LL (KL) , 15, 16, 17 Oct. ( 1 )
banded each day, S. Blue Grosbeak: 8 Sept. (4) R (KL) . Dickcissel: 5 Oct.
(1) S. Vesper Sparrow: 12 Oct. (4) R. Slate-colored Junco: 4 Oct. (1) S.
White-crowned Sparrow: 4, 10, 1 1 Oct. (1) banded each day, S. Lincoln’s
Sparrow: 2 Oct. (1), 14 Oct. (10) S.
Locations: D — Dyersburg area, H — ^Huntington, LL — Land-Between-the-
Lakes, R — ^Reelfoot Lake and Tiptonville area, S — Savannah.
Observers: MD — Mary Davant, HSD — ^Helenhill S. Dove, KL — Kenneth
Leggett, DP — David Patterson, MP — Mike Patterson.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Olive Hill 37475.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Grebes-Dticks: Pied-
billed Grebe: 1 Aug. (1) RL (MCW). Great Blue Heron: only two reports
NA. Green Heron: last, 1 Oct. (1 ) RL (MCW) . Little Blue Heron: 23 June
[VoL 39, 1968]
90
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
(5)SHV (MLB), 30 July (1) CL (MCW). Cattle Egret: a belated report,
29 May (4) PBP (MM), first NA record. Canada Geese: 5 Oct. (5) CV
(RTH) and (SO) LA (MCW), 30 Oct. (100) CV (RTH). Blue Goose: 21
Oct. (1) RL (MCW). Mallard and Black Ducks: first report very late, 23
Oct. (2) each RL (LOT). Gadwall: only report, 1 Oct. (1) CV (RTH).
Pintail: 23 Oct. (1) RL (LOT). Blue-winged Teal: 22 Sept. (20) NH
(EOC). American Widgeon: 12 Oct. (12) CV (RTH), 29 Oct. (8) RL
(MCW). Wood Duck: 1 July (70) down to (2) end of period RL (MCW);
largest known number for NA. Ring-necked Duck: scarce with only two re-
ports, 8 Oct. (1) RL (MCW) and 24 Oct. (6) BL (HEP).
Yulhi^res-Ctickoos: Turkey Vulture: 27 Oct. (27) CV) (RTH). Swallow-
tailed Kite: 11 Aug. (1) over DN (HAH, EM), third NA record, (see
"Round Table” note, this issue). Broad-winged Hawk: 28 Sept (94) in one
flight over JT (JR). Peregrine Falcon: 12 Sept. (1) perched WSM-TV (JP).
Ruffed Grouse: 19 Oct. (1) FCF (AJ). Sandhill Crane: 21 Oct. approx. (10)
BT (RH). American Coot: 1 Aug. (1) BL (HEP), 1 Sept. (1) to end of
period (200) RL (MCW). Killdeer: seem to be very scarce NA (HEP).
American Woodcock: 16 Oct. (1) CV (RTH). Spotted Sandpiper: 1 Aug.
CL (MCW) to 23 Sept. (1) BL (HEP). Solitary Sandpiper: 3 0 July (5) CL
(MCW) to 29 Sept. (3) CV (RTH). Least Sandpiper: 1 Aug. (1) CL
(MCW), only report. Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 1 Oct. (1) RL (MiCW). Black-
billed Cuckoo: 28 Sept. (1) RL (MCW), 9 Oct. (1) CV (RTH).
O'wls-Vireos: Saw-whet Owl: 28 Oct. (1) TJ (HEP), third NA record.
Common Nighthawk: 5 Sept, migrating flight (250) RL (MCW) . Chimney
Swift: last, 22 Oct. (1) (HCM). Red-headed Woodpecker: several Oct. re-
ports of immatures SHV. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 28 Sept. (2) FV (JOE).
Eastern Kingbird: 7, 8, 10 Oct. (2) WB (HB). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 6
Sept. (1) banded BS (KAG). Least Flycatcher: 28 Aug. (1) banded BS
(KAG). Eastern Wood Pewee: 11 Oct. (1) HEP). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 1
Sept. (1) SHV (KAG). Swallows: Bank (4), Barn (50), and Cliff (2), all
31 Aug. SHV (MLB). Purple Martin: last report, 14 Aug. (22) RR (SB).
Red-breasted Nuthatch: 28 Sept. (1) BV (LOT, HEP), then several reports
in Oct. House Wren: 24 Sept. (2) (FM). Winter Wren: 26 Oct. (1) (LOT).
Catbird: last, 13 Oct. (1) RL (MCW). Swainson’s Thrush: 6 Sept. (1) BS
(MLB), to 29 Oct. (1) (CWF). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 15 Sept. (1) BS
(KAG). Veery: first, 7 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 17 Oct.
(1) (FM). Cedar Waxwing: quite an invasion with several reports of large
flocks in Oct. NA. Red-eyed Vireo: 24 Oct. (1), a casualty WSM.-TV
(ARL). Philadelphia Vireo: 16 Sept. (1) BS (KAG).
Warblers: Worm-eating: last report, 6 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Golden-
winged: 13 Sept. (1) (CWF). Blue-winged: 14 Oct. (1) RL (MCW), 10
days latest ever NA. Tennessee: 14 Sept. (1) BS (KAG), to 31 Oct. (1)
(CWF). Nashville: 27 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Magnolia: 4 Sept. (1) (MLB).
Cape May: 6 Sept. (1) WSIX-TV, 25-26 Sept. (2) WSM-TV, both casualties
(ARL), second and third fall records NA. Myrtle: 28 Sept. (2) RL (MCW)
to (100 plus) there by end of period. Black-throated Green: 13 Sept. (1) BS
(KAG) to 31 Oct. (1) (CWF). Blackburnian: 29 Sept: (1) BS (KAG) to
23 Oct. (1) RL (MCW). Yellow- throated: no reports after 14 July (1)
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
91
(MLB), Chestnut-sided: first, 14 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Bay-breasted: from
15 Sept. (1) BS (KAG) to 22 Oct. (1) RL (MCW). Prairie: 13 Oct. (1)
(LOT), 8 days latest ever and second Oct. record NA. Ovenbird: 2 5-26 Sept,
well over (1800) killed WSM-TV tower! Northern Waterthrush: 2 5 Aug. (1)
banded BS (KAG) to 12 Oct. (1) TJ (HEP). Yellowthroat: last, 16 Oct. (1)
(MCW). Wilson’s: first, 14 Sept. (1) BS (KAG).
Orioles -Sparrows: Orchard Oriole: 4 Sept. (1) (MLB), second Sept. NA
record. Rusty Blackbird: 20 Oct. (2) (JOE) 7 days earliest for NA. Scarlet
Tanager: 18 Oct. (1) BS (KAG). Summer Tanager: 12 Oct. (1) CV (RTH).
Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 2 Sept. (1) TJ (MLB) 3 days earliest ever NA; then
5 Sept. (1) RL and (2) TJ (MLB). Blue Grosbeak. 1 Sept. (1) SHV, 5 Sept.
(2) RL, both (MLB); 19 Sept. (5) RL (MCW), 4 days latest NA. Indigo
Bunting: believed to be scarce NA (HEP). Purple Finch: a few late Oct. re-
ports of small numbers NA. Vesper Sparrow: 26 Sept. (1) (HH) fide (ARE),
9 days earliest for fall NA; 3 Nov. (10) CT (AEG, LOT, HEP). Slate-col-
ored Junco: late, with first report 20 Oct, (1) BS (KAG) . White-crowned
Sparrow: 11 Oct. (1), 12 Oct. (2) both (HH). White- throated Sparrow:
5 Oct. (2) (MCW), 10 Oct. (1) CV (RTH). Swamp Sparrow: 24 Sept. (2)
(FM), 2 days earliest ever NA.
Locations: BL — Bush Lake, BS— Basin Springs, BT — Byrdstown, BV —
Bellevue, CL — Coleman’s Lake, CT — Centerville, CV — Cookeville, DN — Don-
elson, FCF- — Falls Creek Falls Park, FV — -Fernvale, LA — Lake Anne, Wood-
bury, NA — Nashville Area, NH — N arrows of the Harpeth River, PBP —
Pennington Bend Pond area, RL — Radnor Lake, RR — River Road, Nashville,
SHV — South Harpeth Valley, TJ — Two Jays Sanctuary, WB — Woodbury,
WSIX-TV— 949 ft. tower, WSM-TV— 1369 ft. tower.
Observers': HB— Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt Bryson, MLB — Mike Bierly, SB — Sue
Bell, ECC — Elizabeth Collins, JOE — John O. Ellis, CWF — Clara Fentress,
AFG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Katherine A. Goodpasture, HAH — Mr. and
Mrs. H. A. Hatcher, RTH — Roy T. Hinds, HH — Helen Hodgson, RH — Rob-
bie Hassler, AJ — Amy Johnson, ARL — Amelia R. Laskey, MM — Margaret
Mann, HCM — Harry C. Monk, EM — Mr. and Mrs. Euclid Moore, FM — Fanny
Murphy, HEP — Henry E. Parmer, JP- — Jimmy Parrish, JR — Jennie Riggs, LOT
— -Lawrence O. Trabue, MCW — Mary C. Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— Common
Loon: 25 Oct. (7) BL (WC), 29 Oct. (1) BWP (KD), 30 Oct. (2) NL
(JCH). Horned Grebe: 23 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, JW). Pied-billed Grebe:
regular through period, Chattanooga, max. 22 Oct. (23) TRG (KD), first in
Bristol area 11 Sept. (1) SHL (WC, RB), first in Johnson City area 17 Sept.
( 1 ) BL (CRS) . Double-crested Cormorant: 27 Oct. (2) HRA (JTT) . Great
Blue Heron: scattered reports of small numbers through area and period. Green
Heron: regular in all areas until Sept., last in Johnson City area 29 Sept. (1)
BL (HD), in Chattanooga 13 Oct. (2) SB (JD). Little Blue Heron: 5 Aug.
(15), 17 Sept. (1) HRA (KD) . Cattle Egret: 2 Sept. (1 ) HRA (KD) .
Black-crowned Night Heron: 25 Aug. (2) M (TK). Yellow-crowned Night
Fleron : 5 Aug. (1) HRA (KD) . Least Bittern: 26 Aug. (1) K (BL) . Ameri-
[VoL. 39, 1968]
92
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
can Bittern: 15 Oct. (1), 27 Oct. (1) HRA (KD). Ibis (species): 18 Sept.
(1) SB (KD) (Since this bird could conceivably have been a White-Faced Ibis
rather than the more likely Glossy Ibis, the observer did not claim a positive
identification). Canada Goose: first, 13 Sept. (40) CL (FO), max. 27 Oct.
(2,500) HRA (KOS, COS). Blue Goose: through period (1) K (JE), present
for over a year and presumably injured, 15 Oct. (3) 29 Oct. (15) HRA
(KD).
Ducks-Y idtures: Mallard: firsts, 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS), 18 Oct. (9) PHL
(CRS), 23 Oct. (4) SHL (WC, JW), 27 Oct. (50) HRA (KOS, COS).
Black Duck: 22 Sept. (2) MHL (FA, JA, JMC, RME) , 24 Sept. (1 ) HRA
(KD), 23 Oct. (57) SHL (WC), JW), 27 Oct. (80) HRA (KOS, COS).
Gadwall: firsts, 7 Oct. (6) HRA (KD) , 2 5 Oct. (3 ) PHL (WC, DGD ) . Pin-
tail: firsts, 10 Oct. (1) HRA (KD), 11 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, JW). Blue-
winged Teal: firsts, 16 Aug. (4) SB (KD) , 1 8 Aug. (15) K (BL) , 2 Sept. (3 )
SHL ( WC, DM) . American Widgeon: first, 3 0 Sept. (7) HRA (KD) , max.
23 Oct. (142) SHL ( WC, JW) . Wood Duck: through period and area, max.
17 Sept. (375) HRA (KD). Ring-necked Duck: 28 Aug. (1) CL (FO), 8
Oct. (1 ) TRG (KD) , 2 5 Oct. (5) BL (WC, DGD ) . Lesser Scaup: 21 Oct.
(3) ChL (KD), 23 Oct. (86) SHL (WC, JW), 25 Oct. (5) BL (WC,
DGD) . Common Goldeneye : 27 Oct. (17) BWP ( JD) . Bufflehead: regular to
12 Aug. (1) HRA (KD) , 26 Oct. (2 ) HRA (KD) . Ruddy Duck: 23 Oct.
(1) SHL (WC, JW), 31 Oct. (3) SHL (WC, DM). Hooded Merganser: 26
Oct. (1) HOP ( JD) . Turkey Vulture: 21 Sept. (11) G (RH) , 29 Sept. ( 1 )
K (KOS) . Black Vulture: 21 Sept. (7) G (RH) , 2 5 Oct. ( 5 SHL (WC,
DGD).
Hawks -Plovers: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 29 Sept. ( 1 ) K (JMC, RME, JBO ) ,
5 Oct. (2) K (FA, JMC, GW), 25 Oct. (1)* SHL (WC, DGD). Cooper’s
Hawk: 29 Aug. (1) G (RN), 29 Sept. (1) G (RH), 19 Oct. (1) G (WC).
Red- tailed Hawk: very small numbers in scattered areas of region. Broad-
winged Hawk: to be reported in annual hawk count in The Migrant.
Rough-legged Hawk: 27 Oct. (1) D (JD, FO). Bald Eagle: 16 Aug., 25
Aug. (1) NL ( JCH) . Marsh Hawk: first, 24 Sept, and through period ( 1 )
HRA (KD) ; 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS) . Osprey: 29 Sept. (1 ) NR (LRH, DB) ,
29 Sept. (3) ELL (JMC), 11 Oct. (2) SHL (WC, JW), 17 Oct. (1) B
(WC) , 25 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, DGD ) ; regular through period (1) HRA
( WiC jide KD) . Peregrine Falcon: 30 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, DGD ) . Ruffed
Grouse: 22 Sept. (1) G (RN) . Ring-necked Pheasant: present through period
at HRA, max. 30 Sept. (6) (KD) . Sandhill Crane: 21 Oct. (3 ) SB (KD) ,
23 Oct. (41 ) Ma (BW, IW) . Sora: 9 Sept. (1) G (RN) , 17 Sept. (1) AS
(WC, CRS) , 29 Sept. (1) K (HO) . American Coot: firsts, 24 Sept. (100)
HCP (GWW jide KD), 29 Sept. (1) K (HO), 11 Oct. (29) SHL (WC,
JW) , 28 Oct. (201 ) BL (HD, GD) , max, 23 Oct. (668) SHL (WC, JW) .
Semipalmated Plover: 2 Sept. (1) SHL (WC, DM) , 16 Sept. (1) SHL ( WC) ,
6 Aug. (1) HRA (KD) . American Golden Plover: 27 Oct. (1 ) HRA (FA,
BW, IW). Black-bellied Plover: 7 Sept. (1) CkL (TK), 20 Oct. (1) HRA
(BB, ML, RS).
Woodcock-Terns: American Woodcock: 17 Sept. (1) AS (WC, CRS) , 29
Sept. (1) K (KOS) . Common Snipe: firsts, 1 8 Sept. (1) SB (KD) , 29 Sept.
(2) K (JMC, RME). Spotted Sandpiper: present from start of period in most
[VoT.. 39, 1968 ]
1968
THE MIGRANT
93
areas; last dates, 2 Oct. (1) SB (KD), 7 Oct. (2) SHE (WC, DGD). Solitary
Sandpiper: 5 Aug. (1) SHE (WC), 10 Aug. (1) M (TK), 26 Aug. (1) K
(BE), 29 Sept. (1) K (JMC, RME). Greater Yellowlegs: (1 to 5) present at
HRA until 29 Oct. (KD), 2 Sept. (3) SHE (WC, DM), 9 Sept. (1) AS
(CRS), 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS). Eesser Yellowlegs: 10 Aug. (1) M (TK),
16 Aug. (8) HRA (ID), 9 Sept, and 15 Sept. (1) and (2) AS (CRS), 21
Sept. (1) G (RH), 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS). Pectoral Sandpiper: through
period at HRA, max. 6 Aug. (75) (KD), others, 4 Aug. (1) M (TK), 9
Sept. (5) AS (CRS), 21 Sept. (3) G (RH), 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS). Eeast
Sandpiper: 4 Aug. (1) M (TK), 5 Aug. (1) SHE (WC), 21 Sept. (3) CkE
(RH), 30 Sept. (60) HRA (KD), 7 Oct. (2) SHE (WC, DGD). Dunlin:
7 Oct. (1) SHE (WC, DGD), 13 Oct. (2) SB (JD). Semipalmated Sand-
piper: 5 Aug. (1) HRA (KD), 5 Aug. (1) SHE (WC), 26 Aug. (3) HRA
(KD) , 2 Sept. (2) SHE ( WC, DM) , 21 and 28 Sept. (2 and 1 ) CkE (RH) .
Sanderling: 2 Sept. (2 ) HRA (KD) . American Avocet: 29 Oct. (1 ) HRA
(KD), 30 Oct. (1) HRA (BB, ME, RS) (This bird was the first local record).
Herring Gull: 29 Oct, (4) SHE (WC, DM,) . Ring-billed Gull: 23 Oct. (3 )
SHE (WC, JW), 26 Oct. (3) HRA (KD), 28 Oct. (4) BE (CRS). Bona-
parte’s Gull: 20 Oct. (8) NE ( JCH) . Forster’s Tern: 2 Sept. (20) HRA
(KD) , 29 Sept. (1) K (JTT) . Common Tern: 2 Sept. (30) SHE (WC, DM) ,
2 Sept. (40) HRA (JD, KD) . Eeast Tern: 25, 26 Aug. (1) SB (KD) . Cas-
pian Tern: 2 Sept. (1) HRA ( JD) . Black Tern: 14 Aug. (17) SB (KD) , 2
Sept. (2) HRA (KD).
CtLckoos-Stv allows: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: last records, 11 Sept. (1) SHE
(WC, RB) 29 Sept. (15) K (KOS), 2 Oct. (1) PP (KD). Black-billed
Cuckoo: 2 1 Sept. (1) G (RH) . Barn Owl: through period ( 1-2 ) AM (KD) ,
through period (1-2) JC, 16 Oct. (1) G (RN) , 20 Oct. (1 ) NE (JCH) .
Great Horned Owl: 7 Sept, and 12 Oct. (1 ) NE ( JCH ) , 29 Sept. (4) K
(KOS) . Barred Owl: (1-2) on the following dates: 16 Aug., 7, 11, 14, 21
Sept., 12, 13, 20 Oct. NE ( JCH ) . Chuck-will’s widow: last records, 12 Aug.
(1) SB (KD), 19 Aug. (1) G (RN). Whip-poor-will: last records, 7 Aug.
(1) JC (DB) , 23 Aug. (1 ) HRA (KD) . Common Nighthawk: 2 Sept. (400)
B (WC), 2 Sept. (1000) G (RSp) ; last, 20 Sept. (20) G (RH), 25 Sept. (2)
SB (KD) . Chimney Swift: last records, 7 Oct. (4) SHE (WC, DGD) , 14
Oct. (3 ) Col. (ME) . Ruby-throated Hummingbird: last records, 22 Sept. (1)
JC (CRS), 29 Sept. (1) K (KOS), 1 Oct. (1) Col (ME). Yellow-bellied
Sapsucker: firsts, 2 5 Sept. (1) HB (RS) , 29 Sept. (12) K (KOS) , 30 Sept.
(2) SHE (WC, DGD ) . Eastern Kingbird: last records, 9 Sept. (5 ) SHE
(WC, DGD), 9 Sept. (15) (KD), 17 Sept. (4) AS (WC, CRS), 29 Sept.
( 1 ) K (FA, JCH) . Great Crested Flycatcher: last records, 9 Sept. (1) SHE
( WC) , 17 Sept. (1) HRA (KD) , 29 Sept. (3 5) K (KOS) . Eastern Wood
Pewee: last records 5 Oct. (2) SHE (WC, CO) , 13 Oct. (1) N (FO) . Olive-
sided Flycatcher: 21 Sept. (1) Col (ME) . Tree Swallow: 1 1 Aug. (2 ) NR
(TK), 20 Aug. (2) HRA (KD), 17 Sept. (10) HRA (KD), 7 Oct. (3)
SHE (WC, DGD) . Bank Swallow: 4, 11, 25 Aug. (200, 25, 100) NR (JK) ,
2 Sept. (15) HRA (JD), 8 Sept. ( 1 ) SM (JD), 24 Sept. (1) HRA (KD).
Cliff Swallow: 11, 30 Aug. (3, 5 0) NR (TK) .
Martln-Yireos: Purple Martin: large concentration from 26 July through
1 5 Sept., peak of (approx. 10,000) 26 Aug. OR (BW, JM, CMW) , last Chat-
tanooga area, 17 Sept. (1) HRA (KD). Red-breasted Nuthatch: first, 25 Aug.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
94
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
(2) C (JD), 7 Sept. (12) K (JE), 29 Oct. (2) SHE (WC, DM) (Regular
in most areas since). Brown Creeper: first, 29 Sept. (3) K (KOS), 23 Oct.
(1) B (DGD), 25 Oct. (1) JC (HD, GD), regular since. House Wren: 29
Sept. (1) K (KOS), 5 Oct. (1) K (JMC), 18 Oct. (1) Col. (ML). Winter
Wren: firsts, 21 Sept. (2) Col (ML), 30 Sept. (1) K (MS), 22 Oct. (1) B
(DGD). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 27 Oct. (1) HRA (BB, RHu). Short-
billed Marsh Wren: 12 Aug. (1) G (RN), 29 Sept. (1) K (JMC). Catbird:
last records, 1 Oct. (1) Col (ML), 7 Oct. (3) SHL (WC, DGD), 20 Oct.
(1) N (FO). Wood Thrush: last records, 12 Oct. (1) N (FO), 20 Oct. (1)
PP (KD) . Hermit Thrush: firsts, 14 Oct. (1) K (MS) , 22 Oct. (2) BC
(DGD) . Swainson’s Thrush: firsts, 7 Sept. (1 ) JC (WAB) , 1 8 Sept. (4) SHE
(WC), 21 Sept. (3 ) Col (ML) ; last records, 6 Oct. (1 ) SHL (WC) , 8 Oct.
(1) Col (ML) , 27 Oct. (1) K (MS) . Gray-cheeked Thrush: 29 Sept. (5) K
(KOS) , 17 Oct. (1 ) JC (WAB) . Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: last 15 Sept. ( 1 )
N (FO) , 25 Sept. (1) PP (KD) . Golden-crowned Kinglet: firsts, 20 Oct. (1)
K (MS) , 21 Oct. (1 ) BWP (KD) , 23 Oct. (25 ) B (DGD) . Ruby-crowned
Kinglet: firsts, 21 Sept. (1) Col (ML) , 29 Sept. (31) K (KOS) , 6 Oct. (1)
SHL (WC) . White-eyed Vireo: last records, 25 Sept. (1 ) Col (ML) , 29 Sept.
(15) K ( KOS ) . Yellow- throated Vireo: Last records, 28 Sept. (1 ) PP (KD) ,
5 Oct. (3 ) K (JMC, RME) . Solitary Vireo: 21 Sept. (1 ) Col (RS) , 29 Sept.
(2) K (JMC), 5 Oct. (2) K (FA, JMC, RME), 23 and 26 Oct. (1) K (MS).
Red-eyed Vireo: last records, 28 Sept. (1) PP (KD) , 29 Sept. (8) K (KOS) .
Philadelphia Vireo: 29 Sept. (2) K (JMC, RME, JBO).
Warblers: Black-and-white: last records, 29 Sept. (8) (KOS), 8 Oct. (1)
Col (ML) . Prothonotary: 6 Sept. (1) K (MS) . Golden-winged: last, 19 Sept.
( 1 ) C (KD) . Blue-winged: 28 Aug. (1) K (MS ) , 1 5 Sept. (2) Col (ML) .
Brewster’s: 21 Oct. (1) K (MS) . Tennessee: 8 Sept, through 9 Oct. (1 to 6)
E (DB, LRH) , 29 Sept. (118) K (KOS) . Nashville: 29 Sept. (4) K (KOS) .
Parula: 14 Sept. (1) G ( R H ) , 29 Sept. (1 ) K (KOS) . Magnolia: firsts, 5
Sept. (1) B (DM) , 5 Sept. (1 ) Col (RS) , max. 29 Sept. (106) K (KOS) ,
last, 14 Oct. (5) Col (ML) . Cape May: 29 Sept. (2) K (KOS) , 5 Oct. (4)
K (JMC) , 12 Oct. (1) N (FO) . Black-throated Blue: 21 Sept. (1) Col
(ML) , 29 Sept, (1) K (KOS) . Myrtle: firsts, 14 Sept. (1) G (RN) , 1 5 Sept.
( 1 ) Col (ML) , 27 Sept. (1) B (DM) . Cerulean: 1 5 Aug. (1) N (FO) .
Black-throated Green: first, 8 Sept. (1) K (MS) , max. 29 Sept. (23 ) K
(KOS) ; last, 20 Oct. (1) K (MS) . Blackburnian: firsts, 12 Sept. (1 ) K
(MS) , 19 Sept. (2) C (KD) , last, 29 Sept. (10) (KOS) . Y ellow- throated :
21 Sept. (2) Col ( ML ) , 29 Sept. (2) K (KOS) , 12 Oct. (1) N (FO) . Chest-
nut-sided: first, 26 Aug. (1) K (MS), 1 1 Sept. (1 ) BC (DM) , max. 29 Sept.
(25 ) K (KOS) , last 1 3 Oct. (1) N (FO) . Bay-breasted: first, 10 Sept. (1)
K (MS) , max., 29 Sept. (37) K (KOS) , last, 14 Oct. (30) Col (ML) . Pine:
29 Sept. (5) K (KOS) , 5, 12 Oct. (1 ) N (FO) . Prairie: last, 19 Oct. (1)
K (MS) . Palm: 29 Sept. (21 ) K (KOS) ; last records, 9 Oct. ( 1 ) E (HD) ,
14 Oct. (1) G (RN). Ovenbird: last, 8 Oct. (1 ) K (MS) . Northern Water-
thrush: 2 5-28 Sept. (7 banded) Col (ML) . Kentucky: last, 21 Sept. (1) Col
(ML) . Connecticut: 9 Oct. (1) E (HD) . Yellow throat: last records, 7 Oct.
( 1 ) SHE (WC, DGD) , 14 Oct. (2) Col (ML) . Yellow-breasted Chat: last
records, 21 Sept. (1) Col (RS) , 29 Sept. (2) K (KOS) . Hooded: last records,
8 Oct. (1) Col. (ML) , 1 3 Oct. (1 ) K (MS) . Wilson’s: 1 5 Sept. (1) N (FO) ,
20, 21 25 Sept. (1, 1, 6) Col (ML, RS), 4 Oct. (1) K (HO), 12 Oct. (1)
[VoL. 39, 1968]
1968
THE MIGRANT
95
N (FO). Canada: 17 Aug. (1) K (MS), 21 Sept. (1) Col (ML). Redstart:
last records, 19 Sept. (1) C (KD), 26 Sept. (1) B (DM), 29 Sept. (39) K
(KOS), 9 Oct. (1) E (HD).
BobolmkSparrows: Bobolink: 2 Sept. (12) G (RN), 29 Sept. (1) K
(KOS). Orchard Oriole: last, 28 Aug. (1) SB (JWa). Baltimore Oriole: 19
Sept. (1) C (KD), 21 Sept. (1) B (DM). Rusty Blackbird: 27 Oct. (1)
Col (RS). Scarlet Tanager: 14 Sept. (2) N (FO), 29 Sept. (5) K (KOS),
last 14 Oct. (1) N (FO). Summer Tanager: last records, 13 Oct. (1) N
(FO), 19 Oct. (1) K (MS), 20 Oct. (1) PP (KD). Rose-breasted Grosbeak:
first, 17 Sept. (1) HRA (KD); max., 29 Sept. (105) K (KOS); last, 24 Oct.
(1) K (MS). Blue Grosbeak: 26 Aug. (1 singing) K (BL) ; last, 29 Sept.
(4) K (KOS). Indigo Bunting: last 13 Oct. (1) C (RTB). Purple Finch:
firsts, 19 Oct. (1) K (NC), 21 Oct. (1) SB (KD), 23 Oct. (1) N (FO),
2 5 Oct. (14) SHL (WC, DGD). Pine ^skin: 18 Sept. (2) Col (RS). Savan-
nah Sparrow: firsts, 15 Sept. (1) AS (CRS), 16 Sept. (1) SHL (WC), 21
Sept. (6) G (RH), 29 Sept. (23) K (KOS), 20 Oct. (1) SB (KD). Grass-
hopper Sparrow: 25 Aug. (1) SB (KD). Vesper Sparrow: 21 Sept. (5) Col
(ML), 3 1 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, DM) . Slate-colored Junco: firsts, 22 Oct. (1 )
TRG (KD), 23 Oct. (7) SHL (WC, JW), 24 Oct. (1) K (MS), 24 Oct.
(1) E (HD). Chipping Sparrows: last records, 6 Oct. (1) SHL (WC), 20
Oct. (12) K (JMC, FA, GW). White-crowned Sparrow: firsts, 15 Oct. (2)
G (ED), 25 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, DGD), 26 Oct. (1) Col (ML). White-
throated Sparrow: first, 30 Sept. (1) K (MS). Fox Sparrow: first, 27 Oct. (2)
HRA (BB, RHu). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 7 Oct. (3) SHL (WC, DGD). Swamp
Sparrow: first, 2 Oct. (1) SB (KD).
Locations: AS — Austin Springs, B — Bristol, BWP — Booker T. Washington
State Park, BL — -Boone Lake, C— ^Chattanooga, CkL — Cherokee Lake, ChL —
Chickamauga Lake, Col — Collegedale, CL — Cove Lake, D — Decatur, E — Eliza-
bethton, FLL — Fort Loudon Lake, G — Greeneville, HCP- — ^Hamilton County
Park, H— Harrison Bay, HRA — Hiwassee River Area, JC — Johnson City, K —
Knoxville, Ma — Maryville, MHL— -Melton Hill Lake, M— Morristown, NR —
Nolichucky River, N— ^Norris, NL — Norris Lake, OR — Oak Ridge, PHL —
Patrick Henry Lake, PP — Point Park, SB — Savannah Bay, SM — Signal Moun-
tain, SHL — South Holston Lake, TRG — Tenn. River Gorge.
Observers: FA — -Fred Alsop, JA — Jean (Mrs. Fred) Alsop, BB — Benton
Basham, RB^ — Roger Benton, DB — Doug Brannock, WAB — Wm. A. Bridg-
forth, RTB — Ralph T. Bullard, NC — ^Nancy (Mrs. James) Campbell, JMC —
James M. Campbell, WiC — Wilford Caraway, COS — Chattanooga Chapter
TOS, WC- — Wallace Coffey, ED— Edna (Mrs. Chester) Darnell, DGD — Gerry
Delantonas, JD — Jon DeVore, HD — Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, GD — Mrs. Geo.
Dove, KD— Kenneth Dubke, RME — Danny Ellis, JE — John Elson, LRH — Lee
R. Herndon, RH — Robert Holt, JOH — Joseph C. Howell, RHu — Richard
Hughes, KOS— Knoxville Chapter TOS, TK — Tony Koella, BL — Beth Lacy,
ML— Mike Lilly, DM — David McPeak, JM — Julia Moore, RN — Richard Ne-
vius, FO— Frances (Mrs. Earl) Olson, CO — C. T. Ottenfeld, HO — Holly
(Mrs. E. E.) Overton, JBO — J. B. Owen, MS — Mabel (Mrs. Kenneth) Sand-
ers, CRS— Charles R. Smith, RSp — ^Royal Spees, RS — Roger Swanson, JTT —
James T. Tanner, CMW— ^Clara Mae (Mrs. Clarence) Wadtke, JWa— Jack
Wagner, GW— Gary Wallace, GWW— Geo. W. Wallace, WBW— Wm. B.
Williams, IW— Irene (Mrs. Wm. B.) Williams, JW— Johnny Wood, BW—
Beth (Mrs. Frank) Wuest.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
96
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— Heron-Nuthatches: Green Heron:
3-4 Aug. (2) CC (FA). Canada Goose: 31 Oct. (20) MC (LRH). Lesser
Scaup: one male and female throughout period WiL (CRS). Sharp-shinned
Hawk: 4 Aug. (1) RM, 7 Sept. (1) HM (CRS). Turkey Vulture: 8 Aug.
(1) HW 70 (RH) ; 25 Aug. (1) CC (JMC). Cooper’s Hawk: 16 Aug. (1)
GY (FA); 7 Sept. (1) HM (CRS). Red-tailed Hawk: 7 Sept. (4) HM
(CRS); 8 Aug. (1) TF (FA); 21 Aug. (1) HW 70 (RH). Marsh Hawk:
7 Sept. (1) HM (CRS). Osprey: 19 Sept. (3) WL (CRS). Ruffed Grouse:
1-2 through period, E (CRS). Sandhill Crane: 23 Oct. (27) CO, first record
for GSMNP(HO). Pectoral Sandpiper: 19 Sept. (2) RC (CRS). Semipalmated
Sandpiper: 19 Sept. (2) RC (CRS). Common Nighthawk: flight of (206)
over MC 2 Sept. (CRS). Chimney Swift: last 8 Oct. (200) MC (CRS). Red-
bellied Woodpecker: 3 Aug. (1) CC (FA). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: first 7
Oct. MC (CRS). Acadian Flycatcher: 8 Sept. (1) SV (KD, CRS). Cliff
Swallow: 27 Aug. (9) HM (CRS). Purple Martin: last 10 Aug. (3) E (LRH,
LH). Common Raven: 1-3 throughout period on RM (FB). White-breasted
Nuthatch: 25 Aug. (1) CC (JMC). Red-breasted Nuthatch: numbers in-
creasing on RM with (20) on 20 Oct. and (60) on 22 Oct. (FB).
Kinglet s-Sparrows: Golden-crowned Kinglet: at lower elevations 22 Oct.
E (FB). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: first 29 Sept. (1) E (FB). Tennessee War-
bler: 8 Sept. -9 Oct. (1-6) E (CRS); 5 Oct. (1) HCA (RH). Nashville
Warbler: 28 Aug. (1) MC (LH) ; 16 Sept. (1) banded at MC (CRS). Mag-
nolia Warbler: 5 Oct. (1) HCA (RH). Cape May Warbler: 7 Sept. (4), 29
Sept. (1) EGC. (LH). Yellow-throated Warbler: 28 Aug. (1),4-15 Sept. (1)
EGC (LH). Pine Warbler: 26 Sept. (25) MC (HD, GD). Prairie Warbler: 5
Oct. (1) HCA (RH) ; last 7 Oct. (10) EGC (LH). Palm Warbler: 14-23
Sept. (2) EGC (LRH, LH). Louisiana Waterthrush: last 8 Sept. (1) SV
(KD, CRS). Connecticut Warbler: 7 Oct. (1) EGC (LH). Mourning War-
bler: (1) banded at MC 12 Sept. (CRS). Wilson’s Warbler: 11-12 Sept, (one
each date) banded at MC (CRS). Northern Waterthrush: only record 29
Sept. (1) MC (CRS). Bobolink: 29 Sept. (1) MC (CRS). Orchard Oriole:
last 4 Sept. EGC (LH). Baltimore Oriole: last 4 Sept. (2) EGC (LH) ; 25
Aug. (1) CC (JMC). Pine Siskin: first 20 Oct. (12) RM (FB). White-
crowned Sparrow: first 30 Sept. (1) EGC (LH). Lincoln’s Sparrow: 29 Sept.
(1) MC (CRS).
Locations: CC — ^Cades Cove Great Smoky Mountain National Park, CO —
Cherokee Blouvard Great Smoky Mountain National Park, EGC — Elizabethton
Golf Course, E — Elizabethton, GY — Gypville, HCA — Houston Creek Recrea-
tion Area, HM— Hump Mountain; HW — Highway 70, MC — Milligan College,
RC — Roan Creek; RM — Roan Mountain, SH — Shady Valley, TF — Tremont
Forks Great Smoky Mountain National Park, WL — -Watauga Lake, WiL —
Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, FB — Fred W. Behrend, JMC — James M.
Campbell, HD — Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, GD — -Mrs. George Dove, KD — Ken
Dubke, LH — Mrs. Lois Herndon, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, RH- — Robert Holt,
HO — Mrs. Holly Overton, CRS — Charles R. Smith.
Danny Ellis, 1 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
[VoL. 39, 1968]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICx\TION
The purpose of The M.igrmt is the recording of observations and original
information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Ten-
nessee or immediately adjacent to its, borders* Articles for publication
originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscnpts and submit them in a form ac"
cep table to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are sohcited but their format should be somewhat different*
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MAITRIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phas^fiennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
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TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of Migrant should be used as a guide in the
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COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^x11” paper
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Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in **contmentaF* form (e.g., 7 March
1968). »
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and "Round Table Notes”, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957, Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens,
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed. ®
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accepta-
ble must be accompanied by verifying evidence* This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact Ideation, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted.
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should
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the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate de-
partmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front
cover.
Nesting of Bluebirds at Ashland City.
Amelia R. Laskey and Martha F, Herbert
The 19 6S Christmas Season Bird Count. Edited by Jon E. DeVore 75
Round Table Notes
Soiig Sparrow Nests at Cookeville. Beulah Clark 84
Mississippi ICtes at Reelfoot. Kenneth Leggett 84
Swallow-tailed Edte near Nashville. Albert E. Canter 85
Nashville’s Contribution to the Cornell Nest Record Program. Laurence
T rabue 85
T.O.S. Symposium. Frances Olson . 86
T.O.S. Treasurer’s Report. May 1.967-May 1968.. 87
The Season. Edited by Charles R, Smith 88
Western Coastal Plain Region; David E. Patterson 89
^Central Plateau and Basin Region, E. Parmer ;>v 89
: Ea.stern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell....!, ii.,.-. 91
Eastern Mountain Region Ray M, Ellis.
96
u-
QU/^RTER-LY JOURNAL
DEVOTED^O TENNESSE^BIRDS
V i^itlisKcd ^ ^
THETENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL
L SOCIETY A
’^WM
[vJ;C •".*
% *.• *
MARCH 1969
VOL. 40, NO. 1
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
**STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., liixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1967-1968
PRESIDENT ROBERT W. McGOWAN
Rt. 3, Box 86, Collierville, Tenn. 38017
PRESIDENT-ELECT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT EAST TENN. J. WALLACE COFFEY
508 Spruce Street, Bristol, Tenn. 37620
VICE-PRESIDENT MIDDLE TENN MRS. AMELIA R. LASKEY
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, Tenn. 37215
VICE-PRESIDENT WEST TENN EARL J. FULLER
5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, Tenn. 38117
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Dr., Nashville, Tenn. 37204
WEST TENN W. H. BLACKBURN
Rt. 2, Camden, Tenn. 38320
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY MRS. HENRY S. DINKELSPIEL
6519 Massey Lane, Germantown, Tenn. 38038
TREASURER MISS ANNELLA CREECH
1500 Woodmont Blvd., Nashville, Tenn. 37215
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state). Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by The King
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 40 MARCH 1969 NO. 1
EVALUATING THE CHRISTMAS COUNT RECORDS OF
BOBWHITE IN TENNESSEE
By James T. Tanner and Ries S. Collier
Christmas bird counts made in Tennessee have been reported in The
Migrant since 1930. Counts were made that year in Knoxville, Nashville,
and Memphis. Since then the number of areas has increased to represent most
regions of the state. The Christmas counts have become one of the Tennessee
Ornithological Society’s major activities, a cooperative project in which the
many participants have learned much about birds and while doing so have had
a lot of sport. Much information about the birds of Tennessee has accumulated;
for example, rare and unusual species have been found, and the fluctuations in
the abundance of winter finches have been revealed by the recorded numbers.
The wealth of data in these bird counts has stimulated attempts to use the
records for measuring changes in the abundance of other birds, particularly of
a species like the Bob white {Colinus virginianm) in which people are especially
interested. This proved to be very difficult because of the many factors affect-
ing the number of individual birds observed and reported. Some of these fac-
tors are: numbers of observers, parties, party-hours, and party-miles; ability
and accuracy of the observers; coverage of different habitats; weather. To al-
low for all of these in interpreting or evaluating the counts would be a very
complex process. The single factor probably having the most effect on the
numbers of individual birds observed is the number of party-hours spent in
the field. This, however, along with the other factors, was not reported in the
earlier counts and is frequently missing from some of the recent ones.
Looking for a way out of the complexities described above led to the idea
of using an "index bird,” a species whose observed numbers could be used as
a base against which the numbers of other species would be compared. The
ideal "index bird” would be easily identified, common and widespread, well dis-
persed and not aggregating into large flocks, and stable in numbers from year
to year. If a species met all these conditions, its numbers observed on a Christ-
mas count would be a good measure of the number of parties and the time
they spent in the field, of their ability and effort in finding birds, and of
the suitability of the weather for birding — all combined in one number.
The possibility of using an "index bird” to measure the abundance of Bob-
whites was investigated by Ries S. Collier at The University of Tennessee and
was the subject of his Master of Science thesis (Collier, 1967). He obtained
the data from the Christmas count records published in The Migrant, and
he performed all the calculations and tests described below.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
2
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
Figure 1. Number of Cardinals observed per party-hours on 49 Christmas
counts in Tennessee.
Three species seemed obvious possibilities for an index because they are
common birds in the habitats of Bob whites in Tennessee; these were the Tufted
Titmouse (Parties bicolor), Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) and Cardinal
{Kichmondena cardinalis;) . Graphs were prepared showing the number reported
of each of these species plotted against the party-hours in the field for 26 years
of Christmas counts at Memphis and 23 at Nashville. The data for the Car-
dinal showed the best relation in that the average number of Cardinals in-
creased linearly with the number of party-hours at the rate of approximately
6 Cardinals per party-hour (Figure 1). The plots for the other two species
showed more scatter and a much slower rate, about 1.6 birds per party-hour.
So the Cardinal was chosen as the "index bird.”
Two methods of assessing the abu'ndance of Bobwhites were then compared,
one being the Bobwhite per party-hour ratio and the other being the Bobwhite
per Cardinal ratio.
One objective of this study was to find a way in which the abundance of
Bobwhites in one area could be compared with another, or at one time with
another. To make comparisons by the usual and most efficient statistical meth-
ods, it is necessary that the data be "normally distributed”, i.e., that a plot of
the data be bell-shaped with most points clustered symmetrically around the
average value and few at either extreme. The second step in the study was to
test both the Bobwhite per party-hour and the Bobwhite per Cardinal ratios,
and some simple mathematical transformations of these, to see which had the
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
3
most normal distribution. The only transformations tried were the logarithms
of the ratios and the square roots of the ratios, and neither of these improved
the distribution. The Bobwhite per Cardinal ratio proved to be slightly better
than the Bobwhite per party-hour ratio. The first had another advantage in
that all Christmas counts recorded in The Migrant could be used, since
Cardinals were seen every time, while in many cases the party-hours had not
been recorded. In short, Bobwhites per Cardinal gave a slightly better test and
much more data than did Bobwhites per party-hour. The remainder of this
paper discusses the Bobwhite-Cardinal ratio; to simplify the figures, the ratio
will be expressed as the number of Bobwhites per 100 Cardinals.
The average ratios for the three geographical regions of the state are shown
in Table 1. These were calculated from the totals of all Bobwhites and Car-
dinals reported each year from each region. Also included in the table is the
data from the one area in each region having the longest usable record. The
last column of the table, the standard deviation, shows the great variation that
has occurred over the years in each area. Considering the variation, there are
no significant differences between the ratios of the different regions or localities.
The high ratio for East Tennessee might look as though Bobwhites were rela-
tively more common there, but as is indicated in the footnote of the table,
elimination of four extremely high counts from the East Tennessee record re-
duces the average to 13, in line with all the others. Incidentally, the Bobwhite
per party-hour ratio had standard deviations that relatively were as large as the
Bobwhite per Cardinal ratio.
A method of presenting the year to year changes in each region was adopted,
a method that is used in quality control in industry and is described by Tippett
(1950). Figure 2 illustrates this method with the Bobwhite-Cardinal ratios
from West Tennessee. The values are simply plotted in sequence, with one
horizontal line showing the mean value and two horizontal lines labeled with
a certain probability (1% in Figure 2). The method of calculating the loca-
tion of these two lines is described in Tippett (1950), but their meaning es-
sentially is this: based on the mean and standard deviation of the ratios, the
TABLE 1
MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS FOR BOBWHITES/ 100
CARDINALS
Locations
and Areas
Mean
Standard
Deviation
West Tennessee
15
8.8
Memphis
17
8.6
Middle Tennessee
12
6.1
Nashville
11
10.6
East Tennessee
39>:-
40.8
Creeneville
13
12.3
"'If the four highest ratios are eliminated from the East Tennessee record, the
mean is reduced to 13, and the standard deviation would be correspondingly
reduced.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
4
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
chances of a point falling outside these lines is 1% or less. If a point does fall
outside, the chances of its being an accident are very small and there probably
is a significant cause for the high or low value.
A technical but important point should be mentioned here for those inter-
ested in statistical tests of field data: the standard deviation was calculated by
the method described in Tippett (1950), by the difference between successive
points, a method which reduces the effect of trends or slow changes.
Examination of Figure 2 will reveal an anomaly, in that the lower 1% line
is drawn below the zero line, at an impossible figure of fewer than no Bob-
whites at all. This results from the fact that the variation in the data is so
great that the standard deviation is large compared with the mean (see Table
1 ) . There is, therefore, no way to recognize significantly small numbers of
Bobwhites.
Charts similar to Figure 2 were prepared for each region and locality shown
in Table 1, with the objective of seeing if there were any trends in Bobwhite
populations or any years in which Bobwhites were unusually abundant. The
results were disappointing in that few of these became apparent. The values
varied greatly from year to year, as is shown for West Tennessee, almost as if
they had been determined by chance. The reasons for this up and down varia-
tion are probably three-fold. First, Bobwhite populations really are variable.
Second, the Cardinal is probably the best choice for an "index bird,” but its
numbers must also fluctuate from year to year and we have no good way of
measuring this. Third, Christmas count records are influenced by many factors,
some having been stated earlier, but another which is impossible to evaluate
is the care and accuracy with which the observers make and record their
counts. The method of using an "index bird” did prove to be slightly better
than using party-hours, but was not as useful as we had hoped it would be.
1%
Figure 2. Number of Bobwhites per 100 Cardinals on Christmas counts in
West Tennessee. See the text for the meaning of the horizontal lines.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
5
The results of the study did, however, tell us a few things about Bobwhite
populations. The following conclusions are based primarily on the Bobwhite
per Cardinal ratio; the Bobwhite per party-hours supported them.
The charts, like that of Figure 2, demonstrated that Bobwhite populations
fluctuate greatly from year to year. Statistical tests showed that there is little
correlation between the population numbers from one year to the next. This
suggests that the population size is more dependent on some environmental
factor than on the population of the previous year (of course this idea cannot
be carried too far, because Bobwhites can be produced only by Bobwhites).
The yearly fluctuations result from the high annual mortality and the poten-
tially high reproductive rate of Bobwhites, and the way in which these are
affected by weather and other factors.
As was mentioned earlier, the figures showed no long-lasting trend either
up or down in Bobwhite numbers. Extremely high ratios were found for East
Tennessee in 1930, 1935, 1940, and 1943; for Middle Tennessee in 1938, 1949,
and 1957; for West Tennessee in 1930, 1933, and 1958. Very little coincidence
appears here.
The weather during the nesting and post-nesting season probably does have
an important effect on reproductive success, but it is extremely difficult to
identify the effective weather factors. We could find no correlation between
high and low Bobwhite per Cardinal ratios with various combinations of tem-
perature and rainfall during the previous May, June, or July.
It was thought that winter ice storms might reduce Bobwhite populations
significantly. During the years covered by the Christmas count record, there
were twelve serious ice storms in Tennessee (data from U. S. Weather Bureau:
Climatological Data: Tennessee). These all occurred in January, February, or
March. The Bobwhite per Cardinal ratio of the following Christmas count
was high in one year, medium in seven, and low in four years. There appar-
ently was no long lasting effect of the ice storms.
In reviewing the problem, we can say that the use of an "index bird” offers
possibilities for evaluating the numbers recorded in Christmas counts, but is
not an ideal method. Because the Christmas count records contain so much
information about the abundance of birds over the years and over the country,
a good method of evaluation would be very useful.
LITERATURE CITED
Collier, R. S. 1967. Method of examining population fluctuations in Bobwhite
Quail (Colinus virginianns) in Tennessee. Unpublished M.S. thesis. Univer-
sity of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Tippett, L. H. C. 195 0. Technological applications of statistics. John Wiley
and Sons, N. Y. 189 p.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville.
fVoL. 40, 1969]
6
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
FOUR ADDITIONS TO THE TENNESSEE STATE LIST
By T.O.S. Members
Editor’s Note: Within the last six months four species of birds, whose
occurrence in the state has not been previously published, have been observed
in various parts of the state. Because of their proximity to each other in time,
they have been reported here in chronological order as a group. Thanks are
due to those members who have submitted these significant records for our
consideration and publication.
GROUND DOVE — About 10:00 a.m. 20 October 1968, Mike Patterson
caught a Ground Dove {Cohimbigallina passerina) in Richard Walker’s garden,
near Harbert Hills Academy.
This garden was not cultivated this year, and was overgrown with weed's.
The mist nets were spread in a narrow walkway between grape vines and dwarf
fruit trees. Adjacent to the garden, and probably the habitat that attracted
the dove, is a four thousand acre tract, formerly second-growth hardwoods,
now cleared for planting in pines. The clearing was done with a large disc-
cultivator drawn by a bulldozer, which cut down and crushed the trees but
left them scattered throughout the area. Saplings and composites have grown
up through the brush, making a rich feeding ground for many species of birds.
Those species best represented near the nets that day include Bobwhite, Mourn-
ing Dove, American Goldfinch, and Chipping, Field, White-throated, Fox, and
Swamp Sparrows {Colirms virginianus, Zenaidtira macrotira, Spinus fristis, Spi-
zella passerina, S. pusilla, Zonotrichia alblcolUs, Passerella iliaca, Melospiza
georgiana) .
The dove had a general coloration similar to a Mourning Dove, except for
the wings. Folded, the wings were grey toward the front but richly rufous
middle to tip. Extended, viewed from above, the wings were rufous on the
primaries and primary coverts. The entire undersurface of the wing was a
slightly lighter shade of rufous, except for the tips of fhe outer eight primaries,
which were almost white. The upper surface of the wings had round spots of
iridescent purple-black, about 3 or 4 mm diameter, and also some iridescent
streaks at te tips of some of the second-
ary coverts. The outer tail feather on
each side was blackish, with a white tip.
The irises were pink to lavender.
The feathers on the flanks, belly, and
breast were partially sheathed, and among
them were many quills about 5 to 1 0 mm
long. The contour plumage was dense
and fluffy and came off readily as the
bird was handled. The tail feathers on
the left were only about half as long as
their counterparts on the right side, and
were partially sheathed. On 7 November,
the dove was examined again, and the
tail was nearly symetrical.
GROUND DOVE
[VoL., 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
7
The overall length of the dove was 175 mm, gently stretched; it would
probably be slightly longer as a study skin. The wing chord was 8 5 mm. The
tail, from the tip of the longest feather to its point of insertion, was 5 8 mm.
The bill measurement was difficult, because of a rather long and shallow nos-
tril, but could be described as 7.5 mm from the tip of the bill to the front of
the nostril. The weight, taken on a torsion balance, was 3 8 grams.
After measuring, photographing, and banding the dove, it was released, as
the species could readily be verified from the pictures. On 7 November, it was
caught again in the same net at the same location, at approximately the same
time of day. It had been released 20 October about one-half mile from the
net.
A. C. Bent, Life Histories of North American Gallinaceous Birds, Dover,
New York, 1963 (reprint of 1932 work), gives the range of this species as
north to Montgomery, Alabama, and lists a number of casual occurrences
north of the usual range, including Rogers, Arkansas, and Buncombe County,
North Carolina. Frank M. Chapman, Handbook of Birds of Eastern North
Arnerica, Dover, 1966 (reprint of 1939 edition), lists Tennessee among states
with accidental records, without further details. The A. O. U. Check-List of
North American Birds, Fifth edition, 1957, says "Breeds ... to central Ala-
bama, . . . Casual or accidental north to Iowa, Arkansas, northern Mississippi,
northern Alabama, ... The Migrant 23:3 has one mention of Ground Dove
(Vaiden, 1952, three specimens from Bolivar County, Mississippi).
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Olive Hill 3 8475.
GROOVE-BILLED ANI — On 29 November 1968, a Groove-billed Ani
{Crotophaga sulcirostris) was observed and collected about ten miles north of
Dyersburg, in northwest Tennessee. This constitutes the first record of this
tropical species for the state. The A.O.U. Check-List of North American Birds
(1957) gives its range as,
"Resident from southern Sonora, Mexico, and the lower Rio Grande
Valley . . . , south through the tropical areas of Mexico ... to
Peru, . . . Casual in fall and winter in Louisiana and Mississippi, ac-
cidental in Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Olkahoma, Arkansas and
Florida.”
A small colony of another species, the Smooth-billed Ani fCrotophaga ani)
is resident in southern Florida. The Check-List groups the cuckoos, Roadrun-
ner and anis together to form the family Cucnlidae.
The bird was shot by a rabbit hunter who was hunting in a hay field,
when the bird flew in and landed quite near him. It was unaccompanied by
other birds and was apparently not disturbed by the presence of the hunter.
Having noticed the bird’s peculiar parrot-like bill and unusual flight pattern,
the hunter decided that it must be a grackle with some type of deformity.
He therefore collected the ani and sent it to me for examination. Having
identified it, I sent the specimen in frozen condition to Albert F. Ganier,
T.O.S. Curator, for further examination and for preservation in the form of
a Study skin for his collection. He has reported, so far, that the bird was a
male in good physical condition and that the stomach contents are being
analyzed to be reported upon later.
Dr. George Lowery, in his Louisiana Birds (195 5 ), says with regard to this
species in that state, that, except for two records, it is seen only in the coastal
[VoL. 40, 1969]
8
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
HEAD OF GROOVE-BILLED ANT
parishes (counties) of the state. He further states,
"It is typically a bird of the tropics and usually ranges (northward)
only to the lower Rio Grande Valley. Hence for the species to reach
southern Louisiana in fall it must travel many hundreds of miles
northeastward when other migratory birds in North America are
moving southward.”
The possibility of this individual having been blown northward, a little
at a time, might be substantiated by a review of the weather conditions prior
to 29 Novemher. According to the Weather Bureau at Memphis the weather
during this period was very unusual. The wind was blowing almost continu-
ously out of the southwest. A peak was reached on 28 November, which was
Thanksgiving Day, when the wind averaged 2 5 niph with gusts to 44 mph.
All day of 27 November, it rained from Texas to the Ohio Valley. This pre-
cipitation ended by early morning of the 28th. That night a cold front passed
through the area and the winds shifted to northeast at a moderate 5-10 mph.
The temperature dropped from a high of 67° F. on the 28fh to 3 8° F. on the
morning of the 29th. Just prior to the movement through this area of the
cold front, a front moved into Texas out of the west bringing with it un-
seasonably cold weather and some snow. This type of weather comhination is
very unusual and could account for the appearance of this bird far out of its
normal range.
Unlike the other members of their family, the anis have perceptibly iri-
descent plumage about their neck and upper parts. The nape of the Groove-
billed Ani is streaked with silver while that of the Smooth-billed Ani is
streaked with bronze, according to Chapman, Handbook of Birds of Eastern
North America (1966). The upper mandible is not wide but is high and arched
thus providing an unmistakable field mark. The accompanying photographs
made by Henry Parmer show the ani and the Common Crackle for comparison.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
9
HEADS OF ANI AND CRACKLE COMPARED
Bent, Life Histories of North American Cuckoos etc., (1964) says t'hat
anis are bird's of the open country, that they are primarily insectivorous and,
singly or in small flocks, are prone to search near the feet of cattle or mules
for insects. Also, they occasionally pluck ticks and other insects from the ani-
mals’ skins. These characteristics should be kept in mind for possible future
identifications when we observe domestic animals in pastures and there are ap-
parently grackles in their vicinity.
Kenneth Leggett, Dyersburg 3 8024.
POST-MORTEM OF A GROOVE-BILLED ANI— The specimen of
Groove-billed Ani {Crotophaga sulcirostris) recorded above by Mr. Leggett,
came into my hands for further examination and for preservation as a study
skin. After this had been completed, I concluded that the bird was so re-
markable in many ways a further description would be of interest.
The beak, of course, is the most striking feature of its appearance, causing
wonderment as to why it is so shaped for the use of an insectivorous bird. The
upper mandible is no wider than that of ofher birds of its size but the height
is abnormal and so shaped as to give strength for biting action. Since the ani
is largely insectivorous, it may be assumed that a strong beak is necessary for
crushing large live insects before swallowing. Such insects are then swallowed
whole at once and are not picked to pieces as is the custom with most other
birds. Three grooves on each side of the upper mandible, likewise add strength
against lateral bending.
A less visible but nearly unique feature of the bird’s appearance, is the fact
that it is equipped with long eyelashes, seven in number and four millimeters
long. These point downward entirely across the eye and no doubt were evolved
for the purpose of protecting the eyes from nettles and grass as the bird
searches under grass for its prey. The lashes may also serve to protect the eyes
[VoL. 40, 1969]
10
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
from the kick of struggling grasshoppers. I do not know of any American
birds that are equipped with eyelashes except the owls and the Roadrunner.
Those of the owls are very short and do not point downward; those of the
Roadrunner are somewhat similar to the ani but by no means so obvious.
A further striking feature of the ani is that its plumage is iridescent. The
feathers of the neck, shoulders and upper back are blue-black, distinctly mar-
gined with a lighter color, thus producing a scaly appearance. The margins of
the neck feathers are silver-grey. Those margined elsewhere are tipped with
iridescent greyish- green, thus producing the iridescent appearance above men-
tioned. The plumage otherwise is of charcoal-black. The legs and feet are
strong, black and scaly, while the toes are like those of the cuckoos, two ex-
tending forward and two backward. Iridescence is rare among our native birds,
the most striking example being the Ruby-throated Hummingbird whose iri-
descent throat, viewed at the proper angle, reflects its ruby color with the
brilliance of a flame.
On removing the skin from the carcass, the belly was found to be much
larger than the breast, being abnormally distended with food. The bird had no
"crop” for the temporary storage of food, such as that of pigeons, chickens
or hawks and in place of a gizzard had a thin-walled stomach pouch into which
the food passed directly thru the gullet from the mouth. On cutting open the
pouch it was found to be packed with insects, mostly still intact. The con-
tents were wet with digestive juices and the mass was brown in color. Dr.
James T. Tanner, of the Department of Zodlogy, University of Tennessee,
kindly agreed to identify the stomach contents and has reported as follows.
''Contents. — Grasshoppers; Family Acrididae (Short-horned Grasshoppers),
probably 3 species but not readily identifiable. 1 1 more-or-less whole individu-
als plus 14 heads (which apparently take longer to digest), making a total
of 2 5. (There were a few other grasshopper parts, but they may have come
with the heads). Spiders. — Family Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders). 3 individuals.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
11
End of one unidentified insect, not a grasshopper. The grasshoppers and spiders
are hoth dharacteristic of pastures and similar places.”
The conversion of all this roughage, of wings, claws, heads and entire
bodies of grasshoppers, to a consistency suitable for passing on through the
lower intestinal tracts, would appear impossible for a bird not equipped with
a muscular, gravel abetted gizzard such as is possessed by a turkey. Further, it
was surprising that on this cold morning of 29 November, this bird could find
so many insects. We know, however, that on mild days in midwinter, large
grasshoppers may be flushed in grassy fields and thickets, so evidently they
hibernate under leaves and thick grass and the anis have learned where to find
them.
The specimen was a mature male in good physical condition with breast
well filled out but no fat in evidence. Measurements of the length, wing and
tail were 329, 13 5 and 178 millimeters respectively or 13.00, 5.32 and 7.00
expressed in inches. The long tail was in process of moult, some feathers being
still partly in sheath, but one old central tail feather, still in place, enabled
taking of the full tail measure. Forward pointing bristles under the lower
mandible perhaps served some useful purpose. Some of the features mentioned
above are shown in the accompanying drawing.
Albert F. Ganier, 2112 Woodlawn Dr., Nashville 37212.
BROWN-HEADED NUTHATCH— On 14 December 1968, Nat Halver-
son and son Mike observed a small nuthatch visiting their suet feeder, which is
located inside Bradley County Line, just northeast of Collegedale, Tennessee.
At first glance of this bird at feeder, it was thought to be the Red-breasted
Nuthatch {Sitta canadensis) which is a sporadic visitor to the area.
A short time later the bird returned with a companion. The birds were
studied very closely this time. The size was smaller but very close to the
above mentioned species. A very noticeable brown cap and a light spot on the
nape, drew much attention. It was also noted there was an absence of the su-
perciliary line. The field marks noted, made the identification very simple.
The first record for the Brown-headed Nuthatch {Sitta pusilla) for Tennessee
had just been recorded.
Benton Basham, T.O.S. member, was called to verify the new record. The
birds were seen at close range, fifteen feet, with 7x3 5 binoculars. All field
marks were clearly seen. The author, being very familiar with this species,
having seen it in the pine woods in several southern states, had no problem in
substantiating the observation. Dr. C. F. Dean, a noted natural history pho-
tographer at Collegedale, was called, and excellent color pictures were gotten
of our new discovery.
I have heard the un-nuthatch-like call several times since my first observa-
tion in mid-December at the Halverson home. The birds have been observed
daily since their discovery over two and one half months ago. Many members
of the Chattanooga Chapter of T.O.S. have had the opportunity to see, up to
now, these elusive avian friends north of the Georgia Line.
These small up-side-down birds will be followed very closely this spring,
with hopes they will linger. And who knows, there might be six or more later
on in the summer.
Benton Basham, P. O. Box 426, Collegedale, 373 1 5.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
12
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
GLAUCOUS GULL — A Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) , in the pure
white plumage of a second year bird, was found in Old Hickory Lake, east of
Nashville, in Davidson County, on 1 8 January 1969. It was standing on the
shore near the west end of the dam, and was perceptibly larger than an im-
mature Herring Gull {Lams argentahis) standing close by. On our closer ap-
proach it waded into the lake, swam away, soon flushing and flying about 200
yards to the shore at the west end of the dam.
There it proved possible to approach it within 5 0 feet in a car, and it was
studied at leisure, comparing feature by feature with printed descriptions and
illustrations. The plumage was entirely pure white, as shown in flight and
when standing at close range. The feet were pale pink. A large dark mark near
the end of the bill was conspicuous. Eyes were dark brown or possibly black.
Head and bill were not noticeably smaller in proportion to the general ap-
pearance of gulls which we have observed hundreds of times. At home an ex-
tensive search through the literature convinced us the bird was a Glaucous
Gull, which neither of us had ever seen before.
Later that day Mrs. Carol Knauth and Laurence O. Trabue separately vis-
ited the spot without finding the bird. On 19 Jan. Parmer and Trabue made
an extensive search along the shores of the lake without finding the bird. On
2 5 Jan. we found it below the dam, in the tailwaters, swimming slowly for a
Glaucous Gull
distance of several hundred yards, close to the eastern (Sumner County) shore,
back and forth, apparently feeding. On 26 Jan. we were again on the river
bank, with Trabue. The gull was patrolling close to the shore, occasionally
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
13
perching on the bank. Parmer obtained both black and white and color pho-
tographs at this time. Trabue watched the gull w'hile it found a dead minnow,
tossed it aside, then retrieved it and finally swallowed it. Finally, on 2 Feb.
it was again observed swimming along the eastern shore of the river, once
perching on a drifted log lodged against the shore. On this occasion Mrs.
Amelia R. Laskey studied the bird with a 3 Ox scope, and Mrs. Elmore and
Miss Mary C. Wood joined in the observations. This was the last observation.
On 20 and 23 Feb. it could not be found.
In all of our contacts we found this big gull much less wary than the other
3 species frequenting the same area. At times it seemed tired, or ill, and oc-
casionally closed its eyes. Only once was it seen in flight, although the other
gulls present habitually foraged on the wing above the tail-waters, where the
Glaucous Gull preferred to swim.
In reading, we learned this species is a very rare straggler in the interior of
our country south of the Great Lakes, and this occurrence is one of the
farthest south so far reported. It is new to the Nashville area, and apparently
new to the state list as well.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
Harry C. Monk, 406 Avoca Street, Nashville 37203.
COME TO UPPER EAST TENNESSEE
FOR THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL STATE T.O.S.
MEETING 9, 10, 11 MAY 1969,
AT EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY,
JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE
There will be a paper session on 10 May, at which papers describing
original research in the area of ornithology may be presented. If you
should wish to participate in this paper session, please send the title and
a synopsis of your topic and an estimation of the time required for its
presentation to the Editor as soon as possible.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
14
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
ROUND TABLE NOTES
WOOD DUCKS NEST IN TOWN.— The Migrant for Sept. 1960
(31:54), I told of a pair of Wood Ducks that nested in a narrow tree-filled
little valley behind my home and three blocks from the center of Dyersburg,
Tenn. On 27 June of that year, they led 8 tiny ducklings through traffic to-
ward freedom. They have continued to nest there and often the young have
been captured by children and thoughtless people, while they crossed the several
streets, school grounds, a used car lot, and yards of small houses, enroute to a
ditch that leads to Forked Deer River, a mile away.
This year, Mr. Wm. F. Ozment who operates the used car lot, found that
on 21 April an employee, in his absence, had rounded up a mother Wood Duck
and her ten ducklings as they tried to cross the lot and had driven them into
a closed shop building. Mr. Ozment on his return succeeded in getting them
all into a crate and drove them at once to the river where he released them. A
few days before, on 17 April, it was reported that another Wood Duck and
14 young were seen crossing Cedar street near the ice plant, enroute from the
same nesting area to the river. This valley nesting area is about two blocks
long and a block wide, well filled with large trees including old beech trees
that doubtless afford suitable overhead nesting cavities in their trunks. Our
newspapers have been alerted to this annual exodus in hopes of securing in-
terested protection for the duckling’s initial journey into the wild.
ROGER GANIER, Dyersburg 3 8024.
A WOOD DUCK ODDITY — Checking duck traps on hummocks along
Long Point ditch on Reelf oot National Wildlife Refuge 7 August 1968, pro-
duced an unusual appearing female Wood Duck {Aix sponsa).
In handling the duck for sexing and banding, examination of the head pre-
sented a most unusual appearance. The tongue was projected downward
through the soft portion of the lower mandible about three-quarters of an
inch. The tongue had been in this position for some time as the appearance in-
dicated. It was yellowish, rounded, quite firm to touch and dirty from contact
with the ground while the duck was feeding. The inside of the mouth seemed
quite normal; no discolorations or abrasions were noticed.
The tongue was moistened and gently pushed upward through the mandible
where it lay in the mouth in an upward curving position. The duck’s mouth
closed normally and the hole in the lower mandible was readily visible. The
tongue could be seen through the hole. This odd-appearing duck showed no
sign of any other injury.
S. W. GIVENS, Reelfoot National Wildlife Refuge.
WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER IN SULLIVAN COUNTY— During
the spring count of the Elizabethton Chapter T.O.S. on 5 May 1968, four
White-rumped Sandpipers {Erolia fusicollis) were sighted together at the fish
hatchery near Blountville. The weather varied from cloudy to sunny with in-
termittent gusts of wind. The temperature ranged from 5 5° to 60°. Observa-
tion time was from 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
15
The observers were Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, with 6x30 Micron binoculars,
Mrs. George N. Dove, with 7x3 5 Selsi binoculars, and Joy Dillenbeck, with
8x30 Tasco binoculars.
Though White-rumped Sandpipers are not common in East Tennessee dur-
ing spring migration, the unusual aspect of this observation was four together
with no other "’Peep” sandpipers around.
The first small sandpiper was sighted with four Lesser Yellowlegs on the
muddy bank of a partially drained pond to the right side of the road approach-
ing the hatchery. Some of the ponds in this area had cattails growing along the
edges. Cattails also fringed the edge of the creek which ran completely around
the hatchery. Near a pond behind the one visited by the sandpipers were some
Rusty Blackbirds. Among the cattails by the creek were Red-winged Black-
birds.
Observation of this "Peep” was from 20 to 30 minutes at a distance of
nine yards to six feet. The under parts, except for the neck and breast, were
a very bright white, the back quite rusty. (Peterson, A Field Guide to the Birds,
p. 96: "In Spring it [White-rumped Sandpiper] is quite rusty; in fall, grayer
than any other 'Peep’.”) The white extended high on each side and appeared
to go under the rear of the wings. Scale markings set off pronounced patterns
on the rusty back. Some buff appeared in the markings. The sandpiper stood
from one fourth to one third as high as the yellowlegs. Its body was smaller
than a Robin. The tail seemed slightly notched. Both the legs and the bill were
dark brown or black. This bird did not flush as did the yellowlegs. Its call
sounded like a faint "peep”.
The only observer with former experience with White-rumped Sandpipers
was Mrs. Dillenbeck; Therefore, we consulted "Peterson” and "Robbins”
(Robbins, et. al. Birds of North America). These were the results:
1. Not Pectoral — It has a sharp line between the breast and belly and
yellow legs.
2. Not Sanderling — It runs swiftly instead of working slowly and has a
white wing stripe and a stockier body.
3. Not Baird’s — It is unlikely to be in this area.
4. Not Least — It has yellow legs as summer approaches, and is black along
the edge of its wings.
5. Not Semipalmated — Its breast is more streaked than the bird seen.
6. Not Western — It seems to be only a fall migrant in this area and feeds
in deep water, sometimes submerging its head. This bird probed in mud.
7. White-rumped? — It matched except the bird was not flushed, and the
white rump was not seen.
After study and discussion, the ponds on the left of the road were checked.
The third pond in the group had been drained; only puddles an inch or so deep
remained here and there. In the mud were five Lesser Yellowlegs, a Greater Yel-
lowlegs, a Short-billed Dowitcher, a Solitary Sandpiper, and four "Peeps.” The
Solitary was flying in and out. With careful listening the call of the "peeps”
was "jeep” not "peep.” Observation lasted about fifteen minutes and from a
distance of eleven yards to ten feet. These birds were identical in appearance
[VoL. 40, 1969]
16
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
to the "peep” spotted earlier. The other birds flushed as approached, but a clap
of hands was necessary to flush the small sandpipers. All four showed solid
white rumps. They flew about twenty feet across the pond and started feeding
in the mud again.
One of the ponds in this group held an American Coot. Along the creek,
in the woods, and on the steep bank that sloped to the ponds were swallows.
Cardinals, Blue Jays, and other small birds. We did not return to the first
"peep” observed, as we were satisfied it was of the same species.
Mrs. George N. Dove, 1801 Seminole Dr., Johnson City 37601.
NASHVILLE’S THIRD SAW- WHET OWL RECORD. At about 7:30
p.m., 28 October 1968, the writer found a Saw-whet Owl (Aegollus acadicus)
in the dry gravel creek bed that is the approach to his summer camp 20 miles
west of Nashville. Apparently, the bird flushed as it was touched by the car’s
headlights. It flew across the creek bed and was lost in an instant as the writer
said to his companion, H. C. Brehm, "Why that looked like a Woodcock!” The
car stopped and Brehm managed to keep the bird in sight and in a few sec-
onds pointed a very bright flashlight out the left window. There, just about
5 feet from the window was a tiny owl perched on a small limb. Instantly
it was realized that it was not a Screech Owl, due to the distinctive face pat-
tern, large amount of white on the sides of the neck and chin, and the broad
vertical red stripes on a white background for its breast and abdomen. The
bird remained perched for about one minute in the bright light.
The next day a search was made of available literature, and a specimen in
A. F. Ganier’s collection was checked. The plumage proved to be that of an
adult bird and very close to that of a photograph on page 431 of Water., Prey,
and Game Birds of North America.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
PIGEON HAWK NEAR REELFOOT— On 10 November 1968, Janice
and I spent the day at Reelfoot Lake. We were looking for birds of prey in-
cluding any Bald Eagles that might have arrived for the winter. The weather
was cloudy and cool and a weak cold front was forecast to pass through the
area that night, bringing with it a chance of snow.
About 2:00 p.m., we were driving just east of Tiptonville. As we passed
a light pole I spotted a small hawk perched on top. I barely got a glimpse of
him but he looked different from the numerous Sparrow Hawks that we had
been seeing. I turned around and drove back near the pole on which he was
perched.
The most distinct feature of the hawk was a long barred tail. He appeared
larger than a Sparrow Hawk and the upper portion of his body was a bluish-
gray. He was engaged in eating a small animal and he seemed unaware of the
passing traffic until a horn was sounded by a passing car. This caused him to
leave his prey and fly in a small circle, returning to the same pole. While he
was flying his pointed wings confirmed our identification. This bird was a male
Pigeon Hawk {Falco columharius) .
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
17
The traffic was so heavy that I was forced to move down and park in a
nearby driveway. As I walked back to the vicinity of the hawk, he spotted me
and flew down to the next pole with his prey. I was able to see the prey well
enough to tell it was a small bird. He seemed unusually tame and allowed me
to approach fairly close. By the way he ate the bird he seemed to be hungry.
I continued to observe him for about twenty minutes thru 9X36 binocu-
lars. When we left the area he was still perched on the pole. However, when
we returned about two hours later with other members of the Reelfoot Chap-
ter, we were unable to locate him. This is the second time that I have seen a
Pigeon Hawk. On 22 October 1967, I was with Mr. and Mrs. Ben Coffey, Jr.
and other members of the Memphis Chapter when one was sighted on the new
airport at Reelfoot Lake {The Migrant 38:94). We were able to observe this
bird fairly well but he was not as tame as the one mentioned above.
Since 1962, there have been ten other records of Pigeon Hawks published
in The Migrant. One was at Nashville, ithree were in Knox County, three were
near Chattanooga and three were reported on the Annual Fall Hawk Count in
East Tennessee.
Kenneth Leggett, Dyersburg 3 8024.
VERMILION FLYCATCHER AGAIN RECORDED AT REELFOOT—
About noon on 23 November 1968, Janice and I observed a male Vermilion
Flycatcher {Pyrocephalus rnbinm) near the new airport at Reelfoot. We ob-
served the bird for about twenty minutes through 9 X 36 binoculars as he
flew around in a cypress on the edge of the water.
The flycatcher actions of the bird coupled with its brilliant red sides and
head; black back and wings make it easy to identify. It also has a black stripe
running through its eye.
The weather was unusual. The temperature was 70^ F. and the wind out of
the southwest at 18-22 knots with gusts to 26 knots. That night a weak cold
front passed through the area.
I informed Betty Sumara of Tiptonville about seeing the bird and on 2 5
November she and Jean Markam went to the site and found a male Vermilion
Flycatcher.
I have checked a number of sources and all give the range of the Vermilion
Flycatcher as being in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico,
casual in winter along the Gulf Coast to Florida. There is no mention of it
ranging this far northeast.
There are two other published observations in The Migrant of Vermilion
Flycatchers at Reelfoot. Mr. Arlo Smith in his observation {The Migrant
36:14) reported seeing at least two male Vermilion Flycatchers on 1 5 October
1961. Guy Hogg also reported one 27 December 1967 {The Migrant 39:12).
Through personal contact, John DeLime at Samburg reported to me, that he
had seen one in December 1961 and one in December 1966. Mrs. John Lamb
of Dyersburg reported that she had seen one on 14 May 1960 while boating at
Reelfoot Lake.
I am inclined to think that the Vermilion Flycatcher may be a more com-
mon fall visitor at Reelfoot than has been generally believed.
Kenneth Leggett, Dyersburg 3 8024.
[VoT.. 40, 1969]
18
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The months of November, December, and January were characterized by
cold, dry weather across most of the state. Four inches of snow was reported
from the Ridge and Valley and Mountain Regions for the first week of Janu-
ary.
It was the general impression of many observers that the populations of
small land birds, such as sparrows, were reduced this winter. Though such
trends are difficult to evaluate quantitatively, the writer has noted a definite
scarcity of such species as the Rufous-sided Towhee and White- throated Spar-
row. Waterfowl populations on the TVA lakes also appeared to be somewhat
reduced.
Northern finches were represented across the state primarily by the Evening
Grosbeak, with all regions reporting their occurrence regularly and in fair
numbers. Reports of the Pine Siskin and Purple Finch were sporadic, with
these species occurring in only small numbers across the state. Red Crossbills
were reported only from the Bristol area of the Ridge and Valley Region and
from the Mountain Region.
Outstanding records for the period include the Ground Dove at Savannah,
Groove-billed Ani at Dyersburg, Glaucous Gull at Old Hickory 'Lake, and
Brown-headed Nuthatch at Chattanooga. Each of these observations repre-
sented a new state record. Further details of these observations may be found
in articles elsewhere in this issue.
Other records of interest include the Vermilion Flycatcher at Reelfoot,
Surf Scoter at Nashville, White-winged Scoter at Chattanooga, Harris’ Sparrow
at Nashville, and Western Sandpiper at Cherokee Lake. Sandhill Cranes were
reported from the Plateau and Basin and Ridge and Valley Regions. Summer
species wintering in the state included the Brown Thrasher in the Ridge and
Valley Region, Baltimore Oriole at Dyersburg, and Yellow-breasted Chat at
Memphis. Details of the above observations may be found in the reports which
follow.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEGlOn— Loon -Hawks: Common Loon:
1 Jan. (1) S. Canada Goose: 23 Nov. (500) R. Gadwall: 23 Nov. (300) R.
American Widgeon: 23 Nov. (1500) R. Shoveler: 23 Nov. (150) R. Com-
mon Goldeneye: 1 Jan. (40) S. Bufflehead: 1 Jan. (36) S. Sharp-shinned
Hawk: 23 Nov. (2) R, 13 Jan. (1) S. Cooper’s Hawk: 23 Nov. (1) R. Bald
Eagle: 22 Nov. (7), 11 Jan. (19) R. Marsh Hawk: 10 Nov. (2) R, 19 Jan.
(3) S. Pigeon Hawk: 10 Nov. (1) R (KL).
[Voi.. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
19
Killdeer-Oriole: Killd^er: 10 Nov. (95) R, 23 Nov. (93) R. American
Woodcock: beginning 4 Feb. (2) singing, compared to (16) all winter last
year, S. Ground Dove: 7 Nov. (1), retrap of October banding, S. Groove-
billed Ani: 29 Nov. (1) D (K'L), now in Ganier collection. Whip-poor-will:
2 5 Nov. (1) freshly dead downtown M (VJ, BC, LC). Ruby-throated Hum-
mingbird: 4 Nov. (1) R (EC). Vermilion Flycatcher: 23 Nov. (1), 8 Dec.
(1) R (KL, JL). Red-breasted Nuthatch: reports throughout season and re-
gion. House Wren: 12 Jan. (1) Clarkdale, Ark. (BC). Hermit Thrush:
18 Jan. (1) D. Yellow-breasted Chat: 12-16 Dec. (1) downtown bank holly
hedge in M (VJ), 24 Dec.- 5 Jan. (1) M (LC), third winter record. Baltimore
Oriole: all winter in yard (1, female) D (JT).
Grosbeak-Longs purs: Evening Grosbeak: 23 Nov. (11) Henderson (EdC),
(2) R (KL) ; 26 Nov. -2 Dec. (8) Jackson (EdC); 24 Dec. (4) Brownsville
(ER) ; 31 Dec. (2) D (JH) ; 6 Jan. (2) D; 12 Jan. (2) Humholdt; re-
maining grosbeak observations are from Shelby County and are their first rec-
ords ever from each location: 24 Nov. (7) Whitehaven, 6 Dec. (9) Bartlett,
5 Jan. (15) Millington (OWs), 8 Jan. (18) Arlington, 30 Jan. (40) Ellen-
dale (JS), 30 Jan. (12) Germantown (HDs), first Memphis record 2 5 Dec.
(1) , 26 Dec. (13) (WLW), up to 22 at 4 other M localities in Jan. and
later, 16 handed (WLW). Purple Finch: Dec. and Jan. (100) D (AB), com-
mon M. Pine Siskin: 23 Nov. (3) D (OH). Longspurs: none seen in four-
county area near M.
Locations: D — Dyersburg, M — Memphis, R — Reelf oot Lake, S — Savannah.
Observers: AB — Ann Brigham, BC — Ben B. Coffey, Jr., LC — Lula Coffey,
CC— Charlie Cox, EdC — Mrs. Ed Carpenter, EC — ^Eugene Cypert, CH — Celia
Hudson, JH — ^Mrs. Jack Hudson, VJ — Victor Julia, JL — Janice Leggett, KL —
Kenneth Leggett, DP — David Patterson, ER — Ella Ragland, JS — Mrs. Albert
Sabatier, JT— Judy Taylor, OWs— Mr. and Mrs. Orrin Williams, WLW— Dr.
W. L. Whittemore.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN KLGlOnS^Loons -Ducks: Common
Loon: 17 Nov. (4) WR (KD, FW), 7 Dec. (1) BL (HCM, HEP), 2 Jan.
(2) WR (KD, RTB). Horned Grebe: 4 Nov. (1) RL (MCW), from 17
Nov. (1) to a peak of (16) 9 Jan. WR (KD), 19 Jan. (32) OHL (LOT,
HEP). Pied-billed Grebe: from 17 iNov. (3) to a peak of (28) 26 Dec. WR
(KD), an occasional record NA and CV. Great Blue Heron: 17, 26 Dec. (1)
LD (RTH), 2 Jan. (2) WR (KD, RTB), 22 Jan. (2) OHL (MCW).
Canada Goose: 16 Nov. (4000) DRR (NC), from 17 Nov. (20) to a peak
of (104) 26 Dec. WR (KD), scarce NA with 16 Nov. (1) and 22 Jan. (6),
both OHL (MCW). Blue Goose: 16 Nov. (12) DRR (NC). Mallard: 16
Nov. (8000) DRR (NC), from 17 Nov. (2 5 0) to a peak of (800) 8 Dec.
WR (KD), scarce NA with 31 Dec. (1) BL (HEP) being only record there,
and 16 Nov. (8) OHL (LOT) being neak there. Black Duck: only duck near
normal NA; 16 Jan. (40) OHL (LOT), 18 Jan. (76) BL (HCM, HEP),
9 Jan. peak (150) WR (KD). Gadwall: 28 Oct. (105) down to 9 Jan. (1)
WR (KD) only report. Pintail: 16 Nov. (200) DRR (NC), a peak (13) 8
Dec. WR (KD), none NA. Green-winged Teal: 8 Dec. (3), 26 Dec. (1) WR
(KD). American Widgeon: 16 Nov. (5 00) DRR (NC), 2 Jan. a peak of
[VoL. 40, 1969]
20
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
(44) WR (KD), no reports NA. Redhead: 26 Dec. (7), 2 Jan. (12) WR
(KD), (2) occasionally during period RL (MCW). Ring-necked Duck: 25
Nov. (175) down to (40) 31 Jan. RL (MCW); 8 Dec. (31), up to (165)
2 Jan., then down to (5) 9 Jan. WR (KD); very few seen elsewhere. Can-
vasback: 5 Dec. a peak of (8) RL (MCW), 25 Jan. (2) OHL (HCM, HEP),
8 Dec. a peak of (2 3) WR (KD). Lesser Scaup: 2 Nov. (12 5) ML, WB
(MCW), 18 Jan. (22) BL (HEP), only record there; end of period (30) RL
(MCW), far below normal. A peak of only (7) 26 Dec. WR (KD). Common
Goldeneye: 5 Dec. (12) RL (MCW) and about that number during remainder
of period; 26 Dec. a peak of (19) WR (KD) ; 19 Jan. about (100) OHL
(LOT, HEP). Bufflehead: from 21 Nov. (2) to a peak of (6) 9 Jan. RL
(MCW); 8 Dec. a peak of (8) WR (KD) ; 19 Jan. (11) OHL (LOT, HEP).
Surf Scoter: from 11 Nov. occasionally to 26 Dec. (1) RL, at times by
(MCW, EE, MB). Hooded Merganser: 14 Nov. (2), 20 Nov. (9), 9 Dec. (1)
BL (HEP), 2 Dec. (9) RL (LOT), 2 Jan. a peak of {40) WR (KD). Com-
mon Merganser: 9 Jan. (3) RL (MCW) only report. Red-breasted Merganser:
17 Nov. (1), 2 Jan. (2) WR (KD). No reports of ducks not listed.
Vulfures-Gulls: Black Vulture: 27 Nov. (87) MC (LOT), probably a
roost. Golden Eagle: about 10 Dec. (1) WB (HC fide MCW). Bald Eagle:
16 Nov. (1) DRR (NC), most unusual was one to five during Jan. and Feb.
LD (RTH); peaks were 12 Dec. (5) and 20 Jan. (4). Marsh Hawk: 16 Nov.
(2) DRR (NC), 18 Nov. (1) BL (HEP). Osprey: 4 Dec. (1) LD (RTH)
(only second Dec. date known to writer for Tenn). Sandhill Crane: 6 Nov.
(3) TF (HOT) (third middle Tenn. record). American Coot: 20 Nov. (200)
to 31 Jan. (150) RL (MCW); 17 Nov. (2300) to 9 Jan. (230) WR (KD);
scarce OHL Common Snipe: 22 Nov. (1) BL (HEP), 11 Jan. (1) WB
(MCW). Least Sandpiper: 7 Dec. (3) PPL (HCM, HEP), 16 Nov. (43)
DRR (NC). Glaucous Gull: 18 Jan. (1) in 2nd year plumage OHL (HCM,
HEP), again 25 Jan. (HCM,, HEP) and 26 Jan. with (LOT). Herring Gull:
19 Jan. (6) (LOT, HEP); peak OHL 2 Jan. (8); peak WR (KD). Ring-
billed Gull: 13 Dec. (73) BL (HEP); peak OHL 18 Jan. (100) (HCM,
HEP); peak WR 9 Jan. (80) (KD). Bonaparte’s Gull: 16 Nov. (25) OHL
(LOT) down to (3) 19 Jan. (LOT, HEP).
Owls-Cowbirds: Great Horned Owl: 4 Dec. (3) LD (RTH), (2) near H
all period (SB). Belted Kingfisher: 3 Jan. (17) RR-WB (MCW). Eastern
Phoebe: (1) most Dec. and 6 Feb. LD (RTH), no reports elsewhere. Horned
Lark: (5 0) near dam OHL all period (NC) , 7 Jan. (1) LD (RTH). White-
breasted Nuthatch: several reports suburban yards NA where never previously
seen; (ARL) (1) H, first in 40 years there! Red-breasted Nuthatch: scat-
tered reports NA over period. Wrens: all seem scarce NA. Robin: scarce NA,
absent CV. Eastern Bluebird: scarce NA. Golden-crowned Kinglet: 1-3 dur-
ing Dec. LD (RTH) . Cedar Waxwing: 8 Nov. (100) NA (SB), 5 Dec. (15),
26 Jan. (14) LD (RTH). Myrtle Warbler: almost absent NA, 11 Jan. (1)
LD (RTH). Baltimore Oriole: 8 Nov. (1) male bathing H (ES). Rusty
Blackbird: 14 Nov. (5) H (JOE), 7 Dec. (10) BV (HCM, HEP), 27 Dec.
(21) TJ (HCM, LOT, HEP). Common Grackle: 18 Jan. (100,000) WB
(MCW), almost absent NA. Brown-headed Cowbird: 2 8 Nov. flock (2 50)
CC (MCW).
Dickcissel-Sparrows: Dickcissel: 7 Dec. (1) H (HH). Evening Grosbeak:
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
2
NA’s largest invasion; first was 21 Nov. (1) H (JW), then several reports
(1-3); largest numbers were at H (GRM) with (1) 21 Dec., then daily from
28 Dec. (1) up to a peak of (42) 29 Jan; some other reports are: 25 Noiv.
(27) WB, H (HB), 11 Jan. (11) WB (MCW) , 27 Jan. (12) CV, H (TT).
Purple Finch: widely distributed NA, but in smaller flocks than usual. (1-8)
during Dec., Jan. LD (RTH). Pine Siskin: only report from (KAG), NA.
28 Nov. (6), 30 Nov. (10), both BS, and 10 Jan. (1), 27 Jan. (3), both
H. American Goldfinch: larger numbers than usual NA, to (8 5) LD (RTH).
Slate-colored Junco: numbers below normal NA. Field Sparrow: only sparrow
that may be holding its own NA. Harris’ Sparrow: 10 Dec. (1) H (HCM),
12 Dec. (1) H (HH), 6, 7 Jan. (1) H. (EC), 16 Jan. (1) MR, iNA (FM,
ABH). White- throated Sparrow: very scarce NA. Swamp Sparrow: very
scarce NA. Song Sparrow: well below normal NA.
Locations: BL — Bush Lake, BS — Basin Springs, BV — Buena Vista, CC —
Coffey County, CV — Cookeville, DRR — ^Duck River Refuge, Hustburg sec-
tion, H — home area, LD — Lilydale area, MC — Marshall County, ML — Morton
Lake, Woodbury, MR — Moran Road, Nashville, NA — Nashville Area, OHL —
Old Hickory Lake, PPL — ^Percy Priest Lake, RL — Radnor Lake, RR — River
Road, Woodbury, TF — Todd Farm, Murfreesboro, TJ — Two Jays Sanctuary,
WB — Woodbury, WR — Woods Reservoir.
Observers: MB — Mike Bierly, SB — Sue Bell, HB^ — ^Mrs. Henry Bratton,
RTB — Ralph T. Bullard Jr., HC— Howard Campbell, NC — Nashville Chapter
T.O.S., EC^ — Elizabeth C. Collins, KD — Kenneth Dubke, JOE — John O. Ellis,
EE — Erline Elmore, LF — Louis Farrell, Jr., HH — ^Helen Hodgson, ABH —
Mrs. A. B. Herron, RTH — ^Roy T. Hines, ART — Amelia R. Laskey, GRM —
Mr. and Mrs. G. R. Miller, HCM — Harry C. Monk, FM — ^Fanny Murphy,
HEP — ^Henry E. Parmer, ES — Ellen Stringer, TT — ^Thelma Tinnon, HOT —
Henry O. Todd, LO Lourence O. Trabue, JW — Jesse Wills, FW — Frank Ward,
MOW— Mary C. Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., .Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION— Loons-Geese: Common
Loon: regular in small numbers, max. 7 Dec. (20) BWP (KD), 11 Jan. (13)
CkL (TK), 13 Nov. (15) SHL (WC). Pied-billed Grebe: regular in varying
numbers, max. 10 Nov. (37) BL (CRS, JBS). Double-crested Cormorant: 14
Dec. to 9 Jan. (3-regularly) BWP (KD, JD, et. al) , 15 Dec. (1) CkL (TK).
Great Blue Heron: regular, max. 7 Dec. (77) HRA (KD), 30 Nov. (15)
HR (RH), 18 Jan. (15) HR (RN, RH), 25 Jan. (33) PHL (LRH, CRS),
14 Nov. (14) SHL (WC, JW). Green Heron: 4 Nov. (1 appeared sick or
injured) BWP (KD). Black-crowned Night Heron: 9 Nov. (4) HR (RH),
16 Nov. (1) HC (TK), 16 Nov. (12) HR (RH), 24 Nov. (3) HR (RH),
30 Nov. (4) HR (RH), 14 Dec. (1) TRG (JD). Canada Goose: a few scat-
tered, (1000 to 3000) during Nov. Dec. Jan. at HRA (KD). Snow Goose:
10 Nov. (2) HRA (KD). 4 Nov. (9) HRA (KD), 10 Nov. (1) HRA
(KD).
Ducks -Vultures: Mallard: regular. Max. 11 Jan. (240) CkL (TK). Black
Duck: regular, max. 14 Dec. (68 5 ) HRA and BWP (KD). Gadwall: regular
in small numbers, max. 17 Nov. (270) PHL (WC). Pintail: 9 Nov. (8) HR
(RH), 14 Dec. (2) TRG (JD), 15 Dec. (2) WBL (JD), max. 16 Jan. (43)
[Voi.. 40, 1969]
22
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
HRA (KD). Green-winged Teal: Chattanooga area only, 20 Dec. (7) RWE
(KD), 14 Dec. (6) TRG (JD), max. 4 Nov. (32) HRA and SB (KD),
16 Jan. (1) HRA (KD). American Widgeon: regular, max. 11 Jan. (220)
Ck'L (TK), 15 Nov. (212) BL (GD, HD). Shoveler: 24 Nov. (4) HR
(RH), 30 Nov. (40) HR (RH) only records. Wood Duck: few, 6 Nov.
(1) PHL (GD, HD), 16 Nov. (3) HR (RH), 23 Jan. (2) MP (KD). Red-
head: 4 Nov. (44) SB, BWP, HRA (KD), max. 13 Nov. (54) SHE (WC),
7 Dec. (12) BWP (KD), 16 Jan. (1) BWP (KD). Ring-necked Duck:
scattered records during period, max. 11 Jan. (400) CkL (TK). Canvasback:
only 7 Dec. (4) BWP (KD). Greater Scaup: reported only in lower portion
of region, first 7 Dec. and max. 16 Jan. (88) BWP (KD). Lesser Scaup: few
during period in most areas, max. 13 Nov. (221) SHL (WC). Common
Goldeneye: from 13 Nov. (3) SHL (WC) to 16 Jan. (8) BWP (KD), max.
25 Jan. (65) BL (LRH, CRS). White-winged Scoter: only 5 Jan. (1-shot)
ChL (Ann Farmer fide JD). Bufflehead: a few regular, max. 11 Jan. (130)
Ckl (TK). Ruddy Duck: 2 Nov. (7) BL (GD, HD), 4 Nov. (5) SB (KD),
10 Nov. (6) HR (RH), max. 13 Nov. (31) SHL (WC), 16 iNov. (10) HR
(RH), 7 Dec. (2) BWP (KD). Hooded Merganser: 2 Nov. (3) BL (GD,
HD), 14 Nov. (22) SHL (WC, JW), regular in Chattanooga area, max. 24
Nov. (45) BWP (JD). Common Merganser: only 10 Nov. (1) B^^^ (KD)
and 7 Dec. (1) HRA (KD). Red-breasted Merganser: 13 Nov. (4) SHL
(WC), 14 Nov. (2) SHL (WC, JW), 20 Dec. (1) BWP (KD). Black Vul-
ture: regularly (4-5) between Col and PV (BB), 13 Nov. (5) SHL (WC),
5 Dec. (3) SHL (WC).
Hau/ks-Plovers: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 3 Nov. (1) SHL (WC), 1 Dec.
(1) SHL (WC), 3 Jan. (1) MP (KD, RTB). Cooper’s Hawk: 13 Nov. (1)
SHL (WC), 1 Dec. (2) SHL (WC), 19 Jan. (1) KC (TK). Red-tailed
Hawk: few regularly, max. 2 Jan. (15) BC (KD, RTB). Red-shouldered
Hawk: 24 Dec. (1) WBL (JD), 4 Nov. (1) SB (KD), 20 Dec. (1) HRA
(KD), 16 Jan. (1) BWP (KD), 23 Jan. (1) MP (KD). Bald Eagle: 16 Nov.
(1) HR (RH), 24 Dec. (2) WBL (JD), 31 Dec. (1) WBL (JD). Marsh
Hawk: 9 Nov. (1) HR (RH), 16 Nov. (2) HR (RH), 7 Dec. (1) HRA
(JD), 15 Dec. (1) WBL (JD), 31 Dec. (1) WBL (JD). Osprey: only rec-
ord, last 6 Nov. (1) BL (GD, HD). Sandhill Crane: 10 Nov. (3) SB (ML),
10 Nov. (276) ChL (JD). American Coot: regular, significant numbers: 9
Nov. (2000) HR (RH), 13 Nov. (5 50) SHL (WC), 16 Nov. (500) HR
(RH), max. 14 Dec. (6800) TRG (JD). Killdeer: small numbers regularly,
max. 10 Nov. (590) HRA and SB (KD). American Golden Plover: 12 Nov.
(3) HRA (KD). Black-bellied Plover: 4, 10 Nov. (1) SB (KD).
Woodcock-Gidls: American Woodcock singing regularly at AM since 27
Dec. (KD, ef. al) . Common Snipe: regular, max. 12 Nov. (108) SB (KD).
Lesser Yellowlegs: 4 Nov. (3) HRA (KD), 10> Nov. (1) SB (KD). Pectoral
Sandpiper: 10 Nov. (1) SB (KD), 7 Dec. (1 -injured) SB (KD). Least Sand-
piper: 28 Nov. (2) CkL (TK), regular in Chattanooga area, max. 16 Jan.
(43) HRA (KD). Dunlin: regular in Chattanooga area, max. 12 Nov. (125)
HRA (KD), 16 Nov. (10) CkL (TK), 23 Nov. (8) CkL (TK), 28 Nov.
(1) CkL (TK). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 23 Nov. (28) CkL (TK), 28 Nov.
(3) CkL (TK). Western Sandpiper: 23 Nov. (2) CkL (TK). Herring Gull:
regularly in small numbers, max. 14 Nov. (8) SHL (WC, JW). Ring-billed
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
23
Gull: regular, significant numbers: 14 Nov. (89) SHE (WC, JW), 6 Jan.
(250) BWP (JD), Dec. and Jan. (1000) CkL (TK). Bonaparte’s Gull: 13
Nov. (3) SHE (WC), 15 Dec. (28) CkE (TK), 20 Dec. (3) HRA (KD).
Owls -Swallows: Barn Owl: regular at a.m. (KD, JD) and during Nov.
and Dec. G (RN). Great Horned Owl: regular G (RN) during Nov. and
Dec., 7 Dec. (1) HRA (JD), 2 Jan. (1) SHE (WC, TMH). Barred
Owl: 3 Dec. (1) HRA (JD), 7 Dec. (1) HRA (JD). Red-headed Wood-
pecker: 3 Nov. (1) SHE (WC). Tree Swallow: 9 Nov. (1) HR (RH), 16
Nov. (1) HR (RH).
Nutbatches-Warhlers: Red-breasted Nuthatch: reported regularly in small
numbers over the region. Brown-headed Nuthatch: two regularly since Dec.
in Chattanooga area (see article, this issue) (KD). Winter Wren: few rec-
ords, 2 Nov. (2) G (RN), 13 Nov. (1) G (RN), 15 Dec. (1) WBE (JD),
29 Dec. (2) SHE (WC). Brown Thrasher: 24 Nov. (1) HR (RH), 13 Jan.
(1) JC (KJ), one daily at G during Nov., Dec. and Jan. (ED). Hermit
Thrush: 4 Nov. (1) SHE (WC), 29 Dec. (1) SHE (WC). Water Pipit:
regular (1 to 25) HRA and SB (KD) during period. Cedar Waxwing: regu-
lar in good numbers in Chattanooga area with max. (300) Col. (BB), not
mentioned in other reports. Pine Warbler: two during period at Col (BB,
et.al). Palm Warbler: 17 Nov. (1) BWP (JD).
Finches: Evening Grosbeak: first 9 Nov. (7) Col (RS) then regular in
Chattanooga area with max. of 50 (BB) ; 15 Nov. (5) B (CJE) with nu-
merous small flocks in Bristol area up to 50 birds; 29 Nov. (10) G (RN)
and during months of Dec. and Jan. numerous flocks of 10 to 20 or more at
feeders in Greeneville area; 18 Dec. (40) JC, smaller numbers throughout the
period at Elizabethton; 5 Jan. (12) Blount County (TK). Purple Finch: in
limited numbers from most areas during period. Pine Siskin: noted only from
Chattanooga with report: "regular in small numbers 1-5 (ID, KD, BB,
et. al)r Red Crossbill: 29 Dec. (17) SHE (WC), 19 Jan. (19) SHE (WC,
TMH). Grasshopper Sparrow: 10 Nov. (1) BE (CRS, JBS), 15 Dec. (1)
"banded” Col (ME, RS). Vesper Sparrow: 4 Nov. (10) SB (KD), 10 Nov.
(25) AM (KD), 13 Nov. (1) SHE (WC). Chipping Sparrow: 15 Nov. (1)
BE (GD, HD), 4 Jan. (1) Col (BB). Fox Sparrow: reported in small num-
bers and irregularly throughout region.
Locations: B — Bristol, BWP — Booker Washington State Park, BE — Boone
Eake, BC — Blount County, ChE — Chickamauga Take, CkE — ^Cherokee Eake,
Col — ^Collegedale, G — ^Greeneville, HR — Holston River near Rogersville, HRA
— Hiwassee River Area, HC — ^Hamblen County, JC — Johnson City, KC —
Knox County, MP — Morse Pond, Georgia, PHE — Patrick Henry Eake, PV —
Pikeville, SB — ^Savannah Bay, SHE — ^South Holston Eake, TRG — Tenn. River
Gorge, WBE — ^Watts Barr Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, BB — ^Benton Basham, RTB — Ralph T. Bullard,
WiC — ^Wilford Caraway, WC — ^Wallace Coffey, ED — Elva (Mrs. Chester)
Darnell, JD — ^Jon DeVore, HD — Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, GD — Mrs. George
Dove, KD^ — Kenneth H. Dubke, HCE — H. C. Epperson, TMH — Tim M.
Hawk, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, RH — ^Robert Holt, RHu — Richard Hughes,
KJ — Katherine Jones, TK — Tom Koella, ML — Mike Lilly, CJE — ^Mrs. Charles
[VoL. 40, 1969]
24
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
J. Lowery, FO — ^Frances (Mrs. Earl) Olson, JWa — Jack Wagner, MW — Mark
Wagner, GWW— Geo. W. Wallace, JBS— James B. Shepherd, CRS— Charles R.
Smith, RS — ^Roger Swanson, JTT — ^James T. Tanner, JWa — Jack Wagner,
MW— Mark Wagner, GWW^Geo. W. Wallace, JW— Johnny Wood, BY— Bill
Yambert.
J. Wallace Coffey, 5 08 Spruce Street, Bristol 37620.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Loons -Sparrows: Common Loon: 9
Nov. (2) WaL (CRS). Pied-billed Grebe: 17 Dec. (3) LL (FA, JMC). Mal-
lard: 9 Nov. (1) WaL, 24 Jan. (14) WaL, (CRS). Lesser Scaup: (6-8)
throughout period on WiL. (CRS). Common Goldeneye: 17 Dec. (1) LL (FA,
JMC). Bufflehead: (6-30) throughout period on WiL (CRS); 17 Dec. (1)
LL (FA, JMC). Ruddy Duck: 17 Dec. (2) LL (FA, JMC). Hooded Mer-
ganser: 17 Dec. (1) LL (FA, JMC). Ruffed Grouse: 17 Dec. (2) SF (FA,
JMC), 1 Nov. (2) CNF (RE, TL), 9 Nov. (1) CCG (RN). Turkey: 17
Dec. (3) OC (FA, JMC), 1 Nov. (4) CNF (RE, TL). American Woodcock:
31 Jan. (1) singing MC (CRS). Screech Owl: 1 Nov. (2) CNF (RE, TL).
Phoebe: 17 Dec. (2) CC (FA, JMC). Red-breasted Nuthatch: (12-50)
throughout period on RM (FWB) ; only scattered records of individual birds
at lower elevations; 1 Nov. (4) CNF (RE, TL). Winter Wren: 9 Nov. (1)
CLG (RN) Robin: flock of (25 0) 10 Nov. EGC (LRH). Myrtle Warbler:
17 Dec. (1) CC (FA, JMC). Cedar Waxwing: 12 Nov. (20) MC (CRS).
Rusty Blackbird: 9 Nov. (1) EGC (LRH). Evening Grosbeak: throughout
the period in E; max. 30 Nov. (100) E (RDM); 3 Nov. small flock in G,
first of season (JMC) . Pine Siskin: 3 Nov. (70) RM (FWB ) . Red Crossbill :
3 Nov. (6) RM (FWB), 17 Nov. (1) RM (FWB), 18 Dec. (3) MC (CRS);
small flock seen throughout period G (AS). Fox Sparrow: 3 Nov. (4) RM
(FWB).
Locations: CC — Cades Cove, CCG — ^Casi Creek, Greeneville, CLG — ^Clark’s
Creek, Greeneville, CNF — Cherokee National Forest, E — Elizabeth ton, EGC —
Elizabethton Golf Course, G — Gatlinburg, LL — Laurel Lake, MC — Milligan
College, RM — Roan Mountain, SF — ^Spence Field GSMNP, WaL — Watauga
Lake, WiL — Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FA — ^Fred Alsop, FWB — Fred W. Behrend, JMC — James M.
Campbell, RE — Danny Ellis, LRH^ — Lee R. Herndon, TL — Tom Lane, RDM
’ — Roby D. May, CRS — ^Charles R. Smith, AS — Arthur Stupka.
Danny Ellis, 1 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
NOTICE TO MEMBERSHIP
It has been requested by our Secretary, Helen B. Dinkelspiel, that all
members review the minutes of the "T.O.S. Annual Meeting, 1968” as
recorded in The Migrant 39:36-39. Special attention should be paid to
both the Board of Directors’ Meeting and the General Business Meeting,
so that we will be familiar with them at the next Annual Meeting this
May.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of The Migrant is the recording of observations and original
information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state of Ten-
nessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders. Articles for publication
originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of The Migrant should be used as a guide in the
preparation of manuscripts. Where more detail is needed reference should be
made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the American
Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N.W., Washington,
D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^x11” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in ‘^continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and “Round Table Notes”, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accepta-
ble must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted.
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request. Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be through
the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate de-
partmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside front
cover.
CONTENTS
Evaluating the Christmas Count Records of Bobwhite in Tennessee
James T. Tanner and BJes Collier 1
Four Additions to the Tennessee State List. T.O.S. Members 6
Groimd Dove. David E. Patterson 6
Groove-billed Ani. Kenneth Leggett 7
Post-mortem of a Groove-billed Ani. Albert F. Gamer 9
Brown-headed Nuthatch. Benton Basham 11
Glaucous Gull. Henry E. Parmer and Harry C. Monk 12
Round Table Notes
Wood Duck Nest in Town. Roger Ganier 14
A Wood Duck Oddity. S. W. Givens 14
White-rumped Sandpiper in Sullivan County. Mrs. George N. Dove 14
Nashville’s Third Saw- whet Owl Record. Henry E. Parmer 16
Pigeon Hawk Near Reelf oot. Kenneth Leggett 16
Vermilion Flycatcher Again Recorded at Reelf oot. Kenneth Leggett 17
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 18
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E, Patterson 18
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 19
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. /. Wallace Coffey 21
Eastern Movmtain Region. Danny Ellis 24
^ QU/IRTER.LY UQURNflL
DEVOTEDvTO TENNESSE^BIRDS
r %blisfiec! b)/^
THE TENNESSEE'
ORNITHOLOGICAL
L SOCIETY J
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THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
‘‘STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Taliwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE :
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dugs, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state), Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by The King
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 40
JUNE 1969
NO. 2
T.V. TOWER CASUALTIES AT NASHVILLE
IN AUTUMN 1968
By Amelia R. Laskey
Casualties collected in autumn 1968 at WSIX and WSM TV towers in
Nashville totaled 5,734 birds of 78 species. Daily coverage at WSM from late
August through 8 Nov. yielded 5,5 37 of 73 species. The greater number of
these fell on the night of 2 5-26 Sept., 5,408 of 62 species. At WSIX it was
not possible to give complete daily coverage; therefore, the total of 197 birds
of 39 species does not represent the total number of casualties there.
The heavy kill of 5,408 at WSM followed a cold front passing through 2 5
Sept., with overcast, some precipitation, a drop in temperature, and winds that
shifted from southwest to north. Birds were strewn south and east of the
tower and cables for hundreds of feet on the parking concrete, driveway, and
lawns, into the woods and brush. Many were injured or temporarily stunned.
Several persons worked for hours collecting, but it is certain that all were not
found in the heavy undergrowth. Of special note are the observations of Phil A.
Murphree of WSM who reported that when he came on duty at midnight, no
casualties were visible, but at 2:00 a.m. many dead birds were seen.
Warblers suffered the heaviest losses — 4,8 57 of 30 species, 81% of the total
for that night. There were 1,847 Ovenbirds, 808 Tennessee Warblers, 777
Magnolia Warblers, 329 Chestnut-sided Warblers, and 311 Blackpoll Warblers.
Otherwise, the casualty list for the season was light. The largest numbers for
a night occurred 24-2 5 Sept, with 31 and 10-11 Oct. with 36. Northerly
winds, overcast, and light precipitation were involved.
A heavy kill did not always follow every occurrence of this type of weather
or surface fog. However, the height above ground at which the birds were
traveling would doubtless have an effect on their attraction to surface lights
and tall, lighted structures. A layer of clouds below their flight altitude would
also serve to protect them from the distraction of bright lights.
In a report on tracking birds at night in migration, W. W. Cochran and
Richard W. Graber state that migrating birds fly at heights of 1,000 to 10,000
feet, but that most of them fly between 3,000 and 8,000 feet. (1968 111. Nat.
Hist. Survey Reports :^69).
[VoL. 40, 1969]
26
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Radar observations will doubtless reveal answers to puzzling questions. In
several years of radar studies of spring migration, I. C. T. Nisbett and William
H. Drury have attained illuminating conclusions. They say: "With few ex-
ceptions, ground observers miss the densest movements seen on radar and the
largest arrival of birds which they notice usually follow relatively sparse move-
ments in disturbed weather. Usually, the observation of a large wave of arrivals
means that migrants in the air have been stopped by a meteorological barrier
— rain or fog, or a front or a change to unfavorable winds — and our data show
that migration in fact tends to be sparse when there is a danger of such
changes. This is the reason why previous studies have reported 'maximum
migration’ in tropical air ahead of cold fronts; they have not been recording
maximum migration but maximum interimption to migration.” (Weather and
Migration. 1967. Mass. Aud.) It is hoped that a similar study will be con-
ducted for autumn migration.
Among the casualties, a few records merit special note. A Cape May
Warbler on 6 Sept, in very obscure plumage is a new extreme for early autumn
arrival. A White-eyed Vireo and a Philadelphia Vireo of 24 Oct. are late de-
partures. Two Connecticut Warblers of 26 Sept, are significant as this species
has been rarely found in Nashville in autumn and these are the first found in
the fall casualties. A White-crowned Sparrow of 20 Oct. (WSIX) is the third
individual of this species found in 21 years of collecting at ceilometer and
TV towers here.
The complete casualty list follows with WSIX preceding WSM. Species
found only at WSM are preceded by an asterisk :
Pied-billed Grebe ’M; Green Heron ’M; Virginia Rail 1; Sora ’‘'3; Mourning
Dove ’Ml; Yellow-billed Cuckoo 1; Black-billed Cuckoo ’M; Whip-poor-will
’‘‘6; Belted Kingfisher ’M; Yellow-shafted Flicker ’M; Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker ’M; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 1-6; Traill’s Flycatcher 1-1; Least Fly-
catcher 1-3; E. Wood Pewee ’M6; Brown Creeper ’M; House Wren ’M; Winter
Wren 1-1; Long-billed Marsh Wren ’‘'6; Catbird 8-5 8; Brown Thrasher ’M;
Wood Thrush 1-10; Swainson’s Thrush 8-20; Gray-cheeked Thrush 2-2;
Veery 2-1; Golden-crowned Kinglet 1-4; Ruby-crowned Kinglet ’M.
White-eyed Vireo 1-24; Yellow-throated Vireo ’MO; Solitary Vireo 1; Red-
eyed Vireo 3-239; Philadelphia Vireo 2-23; Warbling Vireo 2; Black-and-white
Warbler 6-312; Prothonotary Warbler ’M; Worm-eating Warbler ’M ; Golden-
winged Warbler ’*'6; Tennessee Warbler 3 5-824; Orange- crowned Warbler
’M; Nashville Warbler ’M9; Parula Warbler 1-6; Yellow Warbler ’Ml; Mag-
nolia Warbler 13-786; Cape May Warbler 1-2; Black- throated Blue Warbler
’M; Myrtle Warbler ’M; Black-throated Green Warbler 2-71; Cerulean War-
bler ’M; Blackburnian Warbler 1-82; Yellow-throated Warbler ’M; Chestnut-
sided Warbler 8-3 3 0; Bay-breasted Warbler 5-117; Blackpoll Warbler ’MO.
Palm Warbler 1-36; Ovenbird 44-1822; Northern Waterthrush 11-91;
Kentucky Warbler 1-41; Connecticut Warbler ’M; Mourning Warbler ’M;
Yellowthroat 4-72; Yellow-breasted Chat 1-11; Hooded Warbler ’M; Wilson’s
Warbler ’M; Canada Warbler ’Ml; American Redstart 14-192; Bobolink 2-10;
Baltimore Oriole 1-1; Scarlet Tanager 2-10; Summer Tanager ’M; Rose-
breasted Grosbeak 4-44; Indigo Bunting 2-5; Dickcissel ’M 5 ; Savannah Spar-
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
27
row 'H; Slate-colored Junco Field Sparrow "'S; White-crowned Sparrow 1;
White-throated Sparrow '‘'2; Song Sparrow 'H.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Grateful acknowledgment is extended for their help to Clyde Anderson,
Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Fentress, Katherine A. Goodpasture, H. C. Monk, H. E.
Parmer, Jimmie Parrish; and to the personnel of WSM, especially P. A.
Murphree and Mr. Henderson.
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville 37215.
THIRD ANNUAL TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL
SYMPOSIUM
The third annual symposium will be held 2 5-26 October 1969, at Pete
Smith’s Watts-Bar Resort, Watts Bar Dam, Tennessee 37395. Reservations
may be made by writing Pete Smith or by phoning 615-365-6638. The
symposium is strictly informal and will commence Saturday, 1:00 p.m. EST
and consist of discussions dealing with Tennessee birds and related subjects.
Sunday will consist of a barge trip, compliments of the Tennessee Game and
Fish Commission, to view the waterfowl concentrations on Hiwassee Island.
Anyone wishing to be on the program may contact Kenneth H- Dubke, 3 302
Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37411, for further details.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
28
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT, 1968
By Thomas W. Finucane
The T.O.S. count of the September Broad-winged Hawk (Bufeo jamaicen-
sls) migration, 1968, totaled 24,036, a record count, with more than 99% of
the flight passing between 12 and 24 Sept. This migration wave was bounded
by two intervals of adverse weather and interrupted in the middle by several
days of clouds and rain. The old record was 15,585 in 1959, and before that
10,998 in 1956. Totals for other species of hawks were; 217 in 1968; 301 in
1965; and 459 in 1959. Corresponding hours of observation were: 299; 157;
and 327. There were no eagles and no Peregrine Falcons, but a Pigeon Hawk
was reported by Robert Quillen.
The Mendota Fire Tower lookout had 13,164 hawks
in 107 hrs. of observation, including 7,469 on 21 Sept.;
the old T.O.S. record day’s count was 4,98 5 at Elder
Mt., 2 5 Sept., 1960. The Dunlap Fire Tower had a total
of 3,668, the Gate City Tower had 3,625, all on 21
Sept.; the Rogersville-Kyles Ford Tower had 1,513, and
the Bays High Spur Tower had 515. Three of these six
lookouts — Dunlap, Gate City, and High Spur — had not
previously been involved significantly in the T.O.S.
project. The other three have usually been our most
productive lookouts.
The Elder M,t. Fire Tower has been removed to make room for a new
residential area. The tower was on the east edge of what is usually labeled
Raccoon Mt., looking down on the Tennessee River where it flows north past
Chattanooga. Beginning in 1954, when Gene and Adele West counted 36 hawks
in migration there, this lookout has contributed a total of 18,3 57 Broad-winged
Hawks. According to Jon DeVore, the Dunlap Fire Tower, first tested by the
Wests, 21 Sept., should develop into an even better lookout than Elder was.
Dunlap is 16 miles NNW of the old site and 600 ft. higher (2,367 vs. 1,750
ft.) on the west margin of Walden’s Ridge overlooking Sequatchie Valley.
The Chattanooga total for 1968, including three other stations besides Dunlap,
was 4,3 56, the area’s highest except for its 1960 count, which soared above
6,000. On the other hand, 4,3 56 is only 18% of the T.O.S. total for the 1968
fall migration. In 1956, ’5 8, ’60, ’61, ’63, and ’64, Elder Mt. had higher per-
centages.
The Gate City Fire Tower is on the Clinch Mt. about 14 miles down range
from the Mendota Fire Tower. The 3,623-hawk report, 21 Sept., at the Gate
City Tower was only its second contribution to our Broad-winged Hawk data.
On 17 Sept., 1960, Garland Ruth spent four hours there and recorded 70
hawks, while the count at Mendota was 165 in 8 hrs. The Gate City Tower is
more difficult to get to. Joe Finucane and the writer hiked up the mountain,
21 Sept, arrived after 11 a.m., and counted 1,200 hawks in the first hour. Our
object had been to compare the Gate City lookout with other stations on the
Clinch Mt.: Hay tor’s Knob, Mendota, and Rogersville; we had hoped they all
might have been active.
On 20 and 22 Sept., the counts at the Mendota lookout were 2,318 and
1,119. On the latter day, Ruth Nevius counted 1,113 in four hours at the
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
29
Rogersville Fire Tower, the only data from there during the three days of big
migration, and uprange from Mendota, Hay tor’s Knob had 413. On the next
two days Mendota had 672 and 144, for a five-day total of 11,722, between
two periods of adverse weather.
The Bays High Spur tower was built in 1968. There is a good road running
up to the tower from the south side of Heck Holler Road, which connects
Routes 66 and 70, between Greeneville and Rogersville. Tom Odom recorded
flights there of 104 and 413 on 15 and 21 Sept. On 15 Sept., McQueen’s Knob
and Holston High Knob had record counts: 73 in 3i hrs. vs. a maximum of
48 in eight previous counts, and 150 in 7 hrs. after a maximum of 80 in 15
counts in previous years. Then on 21 Sept., McQueen’s had 161 in seven hours.
The uniformity of these (195 8) counts on the two stations on the Holston
Mountain is in sharp contrast with the data on High Spur, which, like Mendota,
had considerably higher counts on 21 Sept.
The highest count made in the earlier migration period came on Monday,
16 Sept., with 677 hawks in nine hours at the Mendota Fire Tower. The wind
was high and the sun was mostly obscured by clouds. From noon to 4:30 only
four Broad-winged Hawks were recorded. In the final 2^ hrs., 624 hawks flew
by, including 124 after 6 p.m. and nine after 6:30. The weather had improved
the wind was down. Over the following three days the weather worsened, with
rain on the 18 th and 19th, and the count dropped to zero. Then on Friday,
20 Sept., the big migration started, with 2,300 recorded at the Mendota Fire
Tower.
Weekend weather and participation were good. Six stations reported on
Sunday, 15 Sept., the same number on the following Saturday, and eight on
Sunday, 22 Sept. The Mendota Fire Tower had coverage every day, 13 to 24
Sept-, rain or shine, and after two days of rain, 27, 28, and 29 Sept. It also
had adequate early coverage, but we do not claim to have had the last part
of the Broad-winged Hawk migration, which can be significant in early Oc-
tober. Also we used to sample the peak of the Sharp-shinned Hawk migration;
after dropping off badly, this migration has jumped up to record levels in
recent years, according to reports from Hawk Mt., Pa. The Broad-winged
Hawk is the main target of the T.O.S. hawk migration project, however, and
it seems to be generating more interest every year.
KEY TO REPORTERS
A — Jon Devore, Jack and Mark Wagner, Chattanooga; B — Ken Dubke,
Chattanooga; Wallace Coffey, Bristol; Chas. Smith, Johnson City; Bill and
Dick Finucane, Kingsport; C — Charlotte, Grace, Mike, Barney, and Marion
Finucane, Mrs. Ferrell, Kingsport; Ch — ^Chas. Smith, Craig Shepherd, Johnson
City; D — ^Dubke; E — Arthur and Elizabeth Smith, Roy Allen, Kingsport;
F — Thos. Finucane, Kingsport; G — Lisa Jefferson, Annette St. Clair, Carmilla
Falco, Cathy Webb, Kingsport Girl Scouts; H — Lee R. Herndon, Ron Creager,
Elizabethton; Bob Quillen, Bristol; I — Bob Faucette, Wallace and Carolyn
Coffey, Bristol; J — Julia Godsey, Tom and Connie Green, Bristol; K — Mr. and
Mrs. Cantwell, Bristol; Mr. and Mrs. Nave, Kingsport; Mr. and Mrs. David
Smith, Nickelsville, Va.; L — Mr. and Mrs. George W. Wallace, Chattanooga;
N — M,rs. Richard Nevius, Greeneville; M — Melanie Odum, Kingsport; O —
Tom and Tom III Odom, Kingsport; P — Mr. Ferrell, Mr. and Mrs. Glasheen,
[VoL. 40, 1969]
30
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
and 13 Scouts, Kingsport; Q — Bob Quillen, Bristol; R — Richard Nevius; S —
E. E. Scott, Nickelsville, Va.; T — Joe Finucane; U — Gene and Adele West;
V — Jon DeVore, Chattanooga; W — ^Wallace Coffey; X — Hugh and Maxine
Crownover, Chattanooga; Y — Howard Yarbrough, Chattanooga; Z — Mr. and
Mrs. Cantwell, Enno and Roger Van Gelder, C. T. Ottenfeld, Carolyn Coffey,
Bristol; Martha Fenstemacher, Eleanor Christy, Abingdon, Va.; ZZ — Jennie
Riggs, Nashville.
OBSERVATION STATIONS
C — Chimney Top, 3100’; D — Dunlap Fire Tower, 2637’; E — ^Elder M,t.,
1750’; H — Holston Mt. Fire Tower, 4200’; I — Bays High Spur Fire Tower,
1931’; K — Rogersville-Kyles Ford Fire Tower, 3000’; L — Bark Camp Lake,
Virginia; M — Mendota Fire Tower, Va., 3018’; N — Nickelsville, Va.; P —
Moccasin Gap; Q — McQueen’s Knob Fire Tower, 3 88 5’; R — River Mt. Fire
Tower, 2397’; S — Signal Point Park, 1620’; T — Gate City Fire Tower, 3300’;
U — ^Chickamauga Lake; V — 8 mi. northwest of Nashville; Y — Haytor’s Gap
Knob Fire Tower, Va., 4208’.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE migrant
31
TABLE 1
ANNUAL AUTUl-lN HAWK COUl-iT, 1963
No.
Date
Obs.
Hrs.
Sta.
Wind
Sky
Temp.
ShS
Cpr
RdT
RdS
Bwg
Msh
Osp
SpH
Unld
1
9/8
V
16
S
1
1
9
10
1
2 .
8
V
3
S
3 S
1
3
8
s
3
N
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
31
-
-
-
-
U
8
BFT
6
M
5-2 ESE
2
73
-
1
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
5
10
D
6
E
1 m
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
6
13
V
3%
S
1 ENE
0
_
_
_
2
_
25
_
1
_
7
13
F
6
M
2 NE
0
62
1
-
-
-
91
-
-
-
1
8
11*
AU
hh
S
3 SF.
2
-
1
~
1
-
155
-
-
-
-
9
11*
MO
8
K
2-0 E
0
68
2
-
2
2
ia5
-
-
-
5
10
la
TF
9
M
1 E-N
0
66
-
1
2
1
117
1
-
3
11
15
AUX
7
S'
3 SE
1
_
2
1
1
_
19
_
_
2
_
12
15
W
Q
1-2 SE
1
69
-
-
2
-
71
-
-
-
-
13
15
MO
7
0-2 E-SE
1
73
1
-
2
-
99
-
1
-
3
Ih
15
TF
7
H
0-3 SE
1
70
-
1
1
1
ia6
1
-
-
1
15
15
RK
hk
K
3-a SE
1
66
2
-
2
1
219
"
-
-
-
16
15
COS
8
M
3-a E
1
_
_
2
2
_
326
1
-
_
17
16
D
5
S
3 E
2
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
18
16
Q
P
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
80
_
_
-
_
19
16
FS
9
M
1-5 SE
3
65
1
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2
TOTALS
S>9
39
17
61
ua
2a036
8
22
28
27
[VoL. 40, 1969]
32
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
THE 1969 SPRING FIELD DAYS
Jon DeVore, Editor
Counts were submitted from thirteen different localities across the state,
one of the thirteen being a high altitude count at Cosby. The total number of
species seen was 184. This is far below the highest total ever recorded, 206 spe-
cies seen on the 1967 Spring Counts.
INFORMATION OF THE COUNTS
MEMPHIS — 27 April 1969; Count taken in locality of Shelby-Meeman
Forest, approximately 20 mi. NE of Memphis; Overton Park, Riverside Park,
DeSoto Park and foot of Illinois Avenue at Mississippi River front in Memphis.
Also, "Coffey Grounds” in Memphis. About 20 members and guests partici-
pated. Weather fair, with temperature ranging from 60-6 5° F. Wind 10-20
mph. Birds very active after about three days of rain.
Alice Smith (compiler).
REELFOOT — ^^Counts were taken in the same areas as the limits of the
Christmas Count. No party went onto the lake. 26 April, 1969, 5:00 a.m. to
3:00 p.m. Weather clear with winds light and variable and temperatures rang-
ing from 5 5-70° F.
The Black-billed Cuckoo was recorded by Ben Coffey. Eight observers in
three parties.
Denny Buchannon, Ben Coffey, Lula Coffey, Mike Ford, Celia Hudson,
Virginia Lamb, Janice Leggett, Kenneth Leggett (compiler).
SAVANNAH — Olive Hill to Savannah to Pickwick Lake. 4 May, 1969,
5:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. plus 9:00 to 9:30 p.m. Temperature 50-90° F. Little
wind, some clouds in mid-morning. Four observers in one party. 12 J party
hours and 60 party miles
Jerry Mathis, David E. Patterson (compiler), Mike Patterson, John Wil-
liams.
COLUMBIA — Same general area as Christmas Count, but larger, including
Prium Springs. 12 noon 1 May to 12 noon 2 May. Clear, warm, dry. Tempera-
ture 40-80° F. Little wind. Five observers in two parties.
Delton Porter, Paul Porter, Evelyn Ridley, Campbell Ridley, George R.
Mayfield, Jr. (compiler).
LEBANON — Wilson county, eight miles north of Lebanon, eight miles
south, five miles west, and east. Mostly in yards of members of the Lebanon
Chapter. 3 May 1969, early morning to late afternoon. Temperatures in the
70’s; sunny day, gentle breeze.
Mr. and Mrs. D. Merritt, Mrs. Haney, Mrs. Edgar Waters, Mrs. Clyde
Sellars, Mrs. Bryon Paul, Mr. Don Denny, Mr. Bill Sellars, Mrs. Bob Bain,
Mrs. Aleen Easter, Mrs. William Welty, Mrs. Neal Welty, Mrs. W. Bone, Mrs.
Louis Chambers, Miss Mary Wharton, Mrs. George Bouton, Mrs. Carter Farris,
Mr. and Mrs. Cloy Couch, Dr. and Mrs. M. S. Howard, Mrs. S. Gilreath, Mrs.
Roy K. Hobbs.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
33
COOKEVILLE — 26 April 1969, 5:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Areas included
were within 15 mile diameter circle of the town. Yard and garden space, open
country, fields and woods, city lake area, were represented in the count. The
area covered was the same as that we always use for our bird counts except
that some areas were missed. The day was fair with sunshine the entire day;
wind calm to 9 or 10 mph for short intervals- Temperature 5 0° early to 80°
in mid-afternoon.
Miss Beulah Clark, Dr. and Mrs. J. O. Cummins, Caprice Haile, Mr. R. D.
High, Mr. Roy T. Hinds, Mark and Morris Hunter, Amy Johnson, Annice
Moore, Miser R. and Gordon H. Richmond, Mrs. Thelma Tinnon, Mr. F. R.
Toline, Miss Marie White (compiler).
CHATTANOOGA — Same area as covered on the Christmas Counts plus
additional areas to the north on Chickamauga Lake. 4 May 1969; 5:00 a.m.
to 8:30 p.m. Weather excellent, sky almost clear, temperature range 5 0-80° F.,
wind calm to 7 mph.
Francis Barnwell, Ralph Bullard, Maxine Crownover, Jon E. DeVore (com-
piler), Kenneth Dubke, Roy Evenson, James Garrett, Benton Basham, Mike
Lily, Howard and Mary Lou Meadors, Gladys C. Nelson, Mable Norman, Beu-
lah Parks, Eugene and Eva Ranger, Veta Sliger, Roger Swanson, Mary Tuns-
berg. Jack and Mark Wagner, Mrs. H. B. Wilkinson.
KNOXVILLE — Selected areas from all of Knox County were included in
the count, as in previous years. 27 April 1969. Partly cloudy, temperatures
47-82° F.
The Pigeon Hawk and Semipalmated Sandpiper were observed by James T.
Tanner and Fred Alsop. The Ring-necked Pheasant was seen by Mrs. E. E.
Overton, and the Yellow-crowned Night Herron by Tony Koella.
J. B. Owen (compiler).
COSBY — 4 May 1969; 10:30 a.m. to 3:45 p.m. Cosby Recreation Area
to Low Gap.
Richard Nevius (compiler).
Broad-winged Hawk (1), Yellow-shafted Flicker (2), Pileated Wood-
pecker (1), Red-bellied Woodpecker (1), Downy Woodpecker (4) Eastern
Phoebe (2) Blue Jay (2), Common Crow (3), Tufted Titmouse (1), Winter
Wren (2), Wood Thrush (5), White-eyed Vireo (1), Solitary Vireo (8), Red-
eyed Vireo (8), Black-and-white Warbler (4), Yellow Warbler (1), Black-
throated Blue Warbler (7), Black-throated Green Warbler (5), Ovenbird
(16), Canada Warbler (5), Scarlet Tanager (7), Summer Tanager (5), Rose-
breasted Grosbeak (10), Pine Siskin (1), American Goldfinch (2) Rufous-
sided Towhee (1), Slate-colored Junco (12), Field Sparrow (1).
GREENEVILLE — The count was made 27 April 1969. Usual territory
covered in Greene County. The sky was clear. Temperature 5 5-81° F.
Mr. and Mrs. Chester Darnell (compiler), Mrs. Willis Clemens, Mr. and
Mrs. William Fischer, King Gaut, Robert Holt, Edmund Jeffers, Pat Jordan,
Irvin Landmark, Bee McGuire, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Nevius, Dr. and Mrs.
Royal B. Spees, Richard Sievert.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
34
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
KINGSPORT — 4 May 1969- Same area as in previous years.
Roy and Hattie Allen, William B. Hincke, Charlotte Finucane, Marie
Brown, W. E. Gift, Lu Peck, Arthur Smith, Ann Switzer, Thomas Finucane
(compiler) .
JOHNSON CITY — The count represents the efforts of those participating
in the field trips at the T.O.S. State Meeting at East Tennessee State Univer-
sity. The list includes results from both 10 May and 11 May 1969. The areas
covered included Shady Valley, Roan Mountain, Unaka Mountain, Horse Cove,
and ETSU campus. The weather for both 10 and 11 May was cooler than
usual with temperatures ranging from the low 30’s on Roan and Unaka Moun-
tain on 1 1 May to the low 70’s at lower elevations on both days. 10 May was
clear to partly cloudy during the field trip period. 11 May was cloudy with
occasional rain (freezing rain and sleet at higher elevations) during the field
trip period. The field trips accented observations of species at high elevations,
thus probably accounting for the relatively low number of species observed.
Field trip leaders were: Fred Behrend, Bill Bridgforth, Jim Campbell, Wallace
Coffey, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, Dr. and Mrs. Lee R. Herndon, and Charles R.
Smith (compiler).
ELIZABETHTON — Most of Carter County was included on the count,
along with adjacent parts of Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Coun-
ties, to include Shady Valley; Boone, Patrick Henry, Watauga, and Wilbur
Lakes; Roan Mountain (628 5’); Unaka Mountain (4957’). 6:00 p.m. 3 May
to 6:00 p.m. 4 May 1969. The weather was clear to partly cloudy for most of
the count period with temperatures ranging from 42-80*^ F.
Fred Behrend, Bill Bridgforth, Wallace Coffey, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck,
Mrs. George Dove, Tim Hawk, Dr. and Mrs. Lee R. Herndon, Beth Lacy, Roby
May, Pete Range, Charles R. Smith (compiler) Maxie and Tommy Swindell,
Frank Ward.
rVoL. 40, 19691
1969
THE MIGRANT
35
ANNUAL SPRING FIELD DAYS, 1969
0
60
0
1 — 1
h
c
Memphis
Reelf oot
Savannah
Columbia
Lebanon
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Pied-billed Grebe
1
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1
2
Great Blua Heron
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2
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—
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1
2
1
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3
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Common Egret
Bl.-cr. Night Heron
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7
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2
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1
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American Bittern
Canada Goose
::
::
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18
-
2
1
Blue Goose
1
Mallard
—
200
__
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130
—
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—
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8
Black Duck
—
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Bl. -winged Teal
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1
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3
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50
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12
h
16
5
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—
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—
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1
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. —
2
Bufflehead
Hooded Merganser
1
29
Common Merganser
1
—
__
Turkey Vulture
1
6
8
2
1
23
7
3
1
12
9
Black Vulture
—
—
1
—
5
1
ii
—
2
—
Mississippi Kite
1
Coopers Hawk
__
—
—
1
"
"
1
1
1
--
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1
Red-tailed Hawk
__
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1
2
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Red-shld. Hawk
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Br. -winged Hawk
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12
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Osprey
—
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--
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1
6
—
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Pigeon Hawk
1
Sparrow Hawk
1
5
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1
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Ruffed Grouse
1
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Bobwhite
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Rng. -necked Phesant
1
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King Rail
1
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12
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1
Semipalmated Plover
1
1
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Killdeer
9
8
18
2
—
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13
6
7
13
American Woodcock
—
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Common Snipe
1
10
31
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Spotted Sandpiper
—
1
2
10
—
3
10
J3i
3
3
12
Solitary Sandpiper
1
2
3
—
7
3ii
3
10
3
15
Greater Yellowlegs
—
18
3
—
1
3
1
—
Lesser Yellowlegs
—
8
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8
—
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ii
8
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1
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Pectoral Sandpiper
115
2
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Least Sandpiper
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17
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Semipal . Sandpiper
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2
Mourning Dove
11
16
51
58
21
92.
166
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111
U7
55
Yl. -billed Cuckoo
3
1
2
1
6
1
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1
Bl. -billed Cuckoo
1
1
1
Barn Owl
2
Screech Owl
1
1
1
1
3
2
Gr. Horned Owl
—
2
2
1
1
Barred Owl
—
2
k
C buck -will s -widow
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1
2
7
9
2
1
Whip-poor-will
11
21
9
6
2.
3
21
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—
3
2
u
6
11
5
9
Chimney Swift
U
5
35
76
39
120
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60
36
131
99
R.-thr. Hummingbird
111
2
3
1
1
2
1
3
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2
1
k
Belted Kingfisher
—
1
2
ii
1
6
18
2.
u
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2
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1
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50
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—
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[VoL. 40, 1969]
36
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Oj
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1
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Hairy Woodpecker
2
1
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1
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Dovmy Woodpecker
5
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111
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11
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7
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29
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39
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91
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Common Kaven
3
2
Common Crow
1
13
22
65
20
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6
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22
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1
Brown Creeper
1
1
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House Wren
1
u
2
5
13
2
19
Winter Wren
7
5
Bewick's Wren
—
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1
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3
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Carolina Wren
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13
11
13
1
9
U6
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16
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6
2
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30
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209
223
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68
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78
Catbird
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10
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27
18
5
15
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Brown Thrasher
8
9
9
21
59
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77
97
33
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23
58
Robin
26
3
21
11
58
70
203
292
67
117
239
173
Wood Thrush
3U
3
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12
16
18
78
110
21
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80
93
Hermit Thrush
1
2
1
1
Swainson's Thrush
27
1
1
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1
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Gr .-cheeked Thrush
9
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Veery
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28
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2
6
7
12
27
12
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3
5
16
23
Bl.-gr. Gnatcatcher
35
7h
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32
2
13
116
17
11
5
10
Gol.-cr. Kinglet
9
2
Ruby-cr. Kinglet
5
36
5
1
Cedar Waxwing
--
—
2
—
—
3
28
U3
2
5k
39
Log.-hd, Shrike
1
2
2
10
2
7
8
2
3
2
Starling
18
C
67
250
230
123
1025
85U
296
78
126
755
Wh.-eyed Vireo
68
53
37
12
1
20
18
25
6
31
U
20
Yl.-thr. Vireo
8
5
2
2
__
Z
18
__
7
3
__
Solitary Vireo
1
8
—
9
8
Red-eyed Vireo
31
20
10
6
5
25
83
Ul
33
7U
79
Philadelphia Vireo
—
1
—
—
—
1
Warbling Vireo
1
1
1
3
Bl. and wh. Warbler
1
2
8
3
2
8
20
13
13
50
31
Prothonotary Warbler
U8
20
la
2
—
—
5
2
2
3
—
Swainson's Warbler
3
1
1
—
6
—
Worm-eating Warbler
—
—
11
2
—
2
—
6
7
15
U
h
Gol. -winged Warbler
—
2
1
1
—
”
--
U
Bl. -winged Warbler
1
1
21
12
u
__
U
Tennessee Warbler
lU
7
5
6
1
5
„
U
2
Nashville Warbler
9
6
7
Parula Warbler
lU
23
2
3
z
18
12
Yellow Warbler
1
3
2
8
—
3
1
33
lU
38
5U
UU
Magnolia Warbler
1
Cape May Warbler
17
U
—
U
—
1
Bl.-thr. Blue Warbler
8
31
U9
Myrtle Warbler
12
16
—
2
—
U
2U
207
19
8
3
15
Bl.-thr. Gr. Warbler
1
1
1
9
5
5
[VoL.
3U
40,
15
1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
37
0)
>>
1
Reelf oot
>
OJ
1
1 — 1
Lebanon
Cookeville
Chattanoog.
Knoxville
>
<D
C
1
a
Kingsport
Johnson Cit
Elizabethtc
Cerulean Warbler
6
h
6
—
—
—
9
—
3
—
—
Blackburnian Warbler
1
—
—
1
—
—
—
4
—
5
3
—
Ylc-thr. Warbler
1
3
—
3
—
—
3
1
1
3
2
2
Ches. -sided Warbler
2
—
—
2
—
1
—
3
—
3
37
52
Bay-bro Warbler
1
—
—
2
—
—
Blackpoll Warbler
8
2
14
10
1
—
37
10
—
1
5
5
Pine Warbler
—
—
7
—
—
4
1
1
3
—
2
—
Prairie Warbler
1
1
15
8
—
—
9
34
7
11
—
1
Palm Warbler
—
—
—
35
1
—
6
25
10
1
1
3
Ovenbird
h
—
7
4
—
—
7
30
22
30
50
54
North. Waterthrush
2
2
1
—
La. Waterthrush
2
—
1
6
—
—
7
6
6
6
27
32
Kentucky Warbler
2h
19
16
8
—
—
4
26
—
20
11
10
Connecticut Warbler
1
Yellowthroat
1
iiO
57
18
2
18
46
122
18
36
24
44
yi.-br. Chat
li
8
hi
9
22
31
14
7
19
7
19
Hooded Warbler
10
—
11
b
—
—
5
25
5
27
17
22
Canada Warbler
2
—
1
—
—
—
1
2
11
—
17
14
American Redstart
6
—
1
2
—
—
2
5
—
2
6
7
House Sparrow
—
C
50
40
67
4o
189
135
47
25
160
236
Bobolink
12
U
8
4
__
4
10
Eastern .Meadowlark
3
17
102
95
54
148
133
499
106
92
125
155
Rd.-wgd. Blackbird
1
C
124
314
—
55
235
739
46
103
182.
158
Orchard Oriole
6
9
17
14
13
3
13
34
5
14
13
12
Baltimore Oriole
23
6
1
"
1
—
2
3
"
7
16
7
Common Crackle
39
30
129
850
223
172
398
996
366
148
226
593
Br.-hd. Cowbird
56
liO
42
120
20
23
121
275
6
34
66
99
Scarlet Tanager
7
1
3
3
16
13
5
22
46
40
Summer Tanager
32
10
22
14
3
10
27
32
7
21
3
2
Cardinal
k9
66
45
70
156
84
192
452
71
128
41
143
Rose-br. Grosbeak
6
3
3
8
2
4
13
6
12
53
20
Blue Grosbeak
1
15
2
—
12
1
1
1
Indigo Bunting
U3
39
120
39
16
14
87
19
7
31
54
27
Dickcissel
Evening Grosbeak’
—
h2
41
2
6
78
-
30
47
Purple Finch
7
10
31
14
12
3
1
Pine Siskin
—
h
1
2
—
59
1
American Goldfinch
29
112
68
21
3
47
114
608
66
39
119
141
Rufous-sided Towhee
10
k
22
29
29
51
130
206
39
49
77
106
Savannah Sparrow
“
1
14
4
—
—
13
2
Grasshopper Sparrow
12
1
12
4
3
9
Vesper Sparrow
3
6
SI. -colored Junco
12
—
—
—
2
81
62
Chipping Sparrow
16
5
25
8
—
17
38
33
20
16
49
68
Field Sparrow
”
9
9
15
16
26
62
170
23
37
32
75
Wh.-cr. Sparrow
—
5
3
23
__
—
5
25
2
3
10
Wh.-thr. Sparrow
89
29
21
22
—
37
15
284
29
26
8
33
Lincoln's Sparrow
—
—
3
1
Swamp Spairrow
—
2
—
6
—
—
3
8
6
—
—
1
Song Sparrow
4
12
61
220
25
60
64
145
TOTAL SPECIES
86
101
100
120
65
67
119
139
no
101;
n9
129
[VoL. 40, 19691
38
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
T. O. S. STATE MEETING, 1969
BY Helen B. Dinkelspiel, Secretary
ANNUAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MEETING
The 54th Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Tennessee
Ornithological Society was held at 1:30 p.m. on 10 May 1969 at East Tennes-
see State University at Johnson City, Tennessee.
The meeting was called to order by Chairman of the Board, Robert W.
McGowan, with thirty officers, directors, and proxies present.
Mr. McGowan asked if there were any corrections to the minutes as printed
in the June 1968 issue of The Migrant. There being no corrections or additions
the minutes were approved as printed.
Treasurer: Copies of the Treasurer’s report were distributed to the officers
and directors present. A brief summary of Miss Annella Creech’s report fol-
lows:
Balance on hand 1 May, 1968
Income from all sources
Disbursements
Net Balance on hand
$1943.19
2151.42
4094.61
2276.10
1818.51
Endowment Fund — 333 M.I.T. Certificates on hand @ $16.46 — $5481.18.
A motion was made by Mr. Henry Parmer to approve the Treasurer’s re-
port. The motion was seconded and carried. A copy of the Treasurer’s report is
attached to the minutes.
The Migrant: Mrs. Kirby Stringer made a motion to thank Mr. Kenneth
Dubke for volunteering assistance to take care of the envelopes to see that they
are addressed and mailed to Dr. Herndon for mailing. The motion was seconded
and carried.
Curator: Mr. Albert Ganier reported that he is keeping back issues of The
Migrant for those needing them. Mr. Ganier also stated that they would like
to have additional articles for The Migrant, and that "Round Table” notes are
needed.
Audit Report: Mr. Henry Parmer, Chairman of the Finance Committee,
reported no irregularities in the books and records of the Treasurer, and that
the records maintained appeared to be complete and proper, and adequate for
our needs. Copy of Audit Report attached to the minutes.
Finance Committee: Mr. Kenneth Leggett made a motion to accept the
report of the Finance Committee. The motion was seconded and carried. Copy
of the Report of the Finance Committee is attached to the minutes.
Nominating Committee: Mrs. W. F. Bell, Chairman, through Miss Mary
Davant, submitted the following slate of officers:
Vice-pres. East Tenn Mr. Fred Alsop — Knoxville
Vice-pres. Middle Tenn Mr. John Ellis — Nashville
Vice-pres. West Tenn. Mrs. Edw. Carpenter — Henderson
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
39
Secretary
Treasurer
Dir.-at-Large East Tenn. ...
Dir.-at-Large Middle Tenn.
Dir.-at-Large West Tenn. .
Editor
Curator
Dr. Dan Gray, Jr. — Columbia
Mr. Kenneth Dubke — Chattanooga
.. Miss Louise Nunnally — Knoxville
.. Mr. Kenneth Bunting — Nashville
. Mr. Kenneth Leggett — Dyersburg
Dr. Lee R. Herndon — Elizabethton
Mr. Albert Ganier — Nashville
There being no further nominations from the floor, Mrs. Kirby Stringer
made a motion to approve the nominations for presentation to the Membership.
The motion was seconded and carried.
Neil/ Business: Mr. Robert McGowan read a letter from Mr. Willard N.
Gray, President of Kentucky Ornithological Society, stating that "The Execu-
tive Committee of the Kentucky Ornithological Society, at its fall meeting,
went on record as favoring a joint meeting with the Tennessee Ornithological
Society in the spring of 1970.
Mr. John Ellis made a motion that Dr. George Mayfield appoint a com-
mittee of three, with members of the committee to come from each section
of the state, to look into the matter of meeting with the Kentucky Ornitho-
logical Society before any commitment is made, and then brought to the body
for discussion, through the president. The motion was seconded. The motion
by Mr. Ellis was unanimously defeated.
Mr. Charles Smith moved that the Board of Directors formulate a Recom-
mendation to the host chapter and the President-Elect that we are in favor
of a joint meeting with Kentucky Ornithological Society, and if this is feasible
with the host chapter, then we will work out a joint meeting for next year.
The motion was seconded and carried with 21 in favor and 0 opposed.
Dr. George Mayfield presented a slate for a new Finance Committee:
Messrs. Benton Basham, John DeVore, Kenneth Leggett and Miss Annella
Creech. Mrs. Herndon made a motion for acceptance. The motion was seconded
and carried.
There being no further business the meeting adjourned.
ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING— 10 May 1969
The Annual Business Meeting of the Tennessee Ornithological Society was
held in the Ball Room of East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Ten-
nessee, on 10 May 1969, with President Robert W. McGowan presiding.
Following the Banquet Dr. Delos P. Culp, President of East Tennessee State
University, welcomed the members of T.O.S. and guests.
Mr. John Wallace Coffey introduced the guest speaker, Mr. Larry L. Hood,
Biologist, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who spoke on the history and me-
chanics of bird banding. In his introductory message Mr. Coffey paid par-
ticular tribute to Mr. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., and to Mrs. Amelia Laskey for their
contributions to ornithology, with special reference to their accomplishments
in the field of bird banding.
Mr. McGowan expressed thanks to the Elizabethton, Bristol and Greene-
ville Chapters for their joint hosting of this meeting.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
40
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
A special welcome was extended to founders Mr. Albert Ganier and Mr.
Dixon Merritt, and to Mrs. George Mayfield, Sr., wife of a founder, and mother
of President-elect, Dr. George Mayfield, Jr.
Dr. Lee R. Herndon and Mr. Albert Ganier were recognized by Mr. Mc-
Gowan as two former presidents of Tennessee Ornithological Society present.
A Roll Call by chapters showed 108 in attendance.
Dr. James Tanner made a motion to dispense with the reading of the
minutes. The motion was seconded and carried.
Miss Annella Creech, Treasurer, announced that copies of the Treasurer’s
report were on hand and available to the membership. Following her report,
Mr. Henry Dinkelspiel made a motion to accept the Treasurer’s report as read.
The motion was seconded and carried.
Dr. Katherine Goodpasture, State Coordinator for the U. S. Fish and Wild-
life Cooperative Breeding Bird Survey, gave a report on the results from the
survey for 1968 for Tennessee, in which 42 groups participated and for which
109 species were reported.
Miss Mary Davant, Chairman of the Resolutions Committee read Resolu-
tions of thanks to the three host chapters, to East Tennessee State University
for use of its facilities, to members of the various committees responsible for
the success of the meeting, and to those participating in the paper session. Mr.
Charles Smith made a motion to approve the Resolutions. The motion was
seconded and carried. Copy of the Resolutions is attached to the minutes.
Miss Mary Davant, acting for Mrs. William Bell, Chairman of the Nomi-
nating Committee, submitted the slate of officers for 1969-1971.
There being no nominations from the floor Mr. Fred Behrend made a mo-
tion to accept the slate as read. The motion was seconded and carried.
The Coordinator of Conservation Activities, Mr. Mack Prichard, reported
on the urgent need for state wilderness areas, pollution control, better protec-
tion for raptors and all bird species, and the need for affiliation with National
Audubon Society for their experience and contacts in these fields. He suggested
the appointment of a Conservation Committee to pursue these matters.
At the request of Mrs. Joe Moss, Shoulder Patch Chairman, Mr. McGowan
read her report which showed sales of shoulder patches and check lists in the
amount of $53.05.
Mr. McGowan read a letter received from Mr. Willard N. Gray, President
of Kentucky Ornithological Society, in which Mr. Gray stated that the Execu-
tive Committee of the Kentucky Ornithological Society favored a joint meeting
with the Tennessee Ornithological Society in the spring of 1970. The member-
ship was then advised of the Recommendation of the Board of Directors of
T.O.S. "to the host chapter and President-elect, that we are in favor of a
joint meeting with K.O.S. and if this is feasible with the host chapter then we
will work out a joint meeting for next year.” Mr. Bill Bridgeforth made a mo-
tion to accept the recommendation of the Board of Directors. The motion was
seconded and carried.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
41
An invitation was extended to the members of T.O.S. by the Memphis
Chapter, who will host the annual meeting for 1970, for West Tennessee.
Dr. Mayfield, President-elect, made an appeal for unity in matters of or-
ganization. Dr. Mayfield suggested a committee for self-study plans and for
plans for the future of T.O.S. , the committee to include: Mrs. Ben B. Coffey,
Jr., Wallace Coffey, Richard Nevius, Dr. James Tanner, James Campbell, John
Ellis, Henry Parmer, Kenneth Leggett and Kenneth Dubke.
There being no further business the meeting adjourned.
RESOLUTIONS
The Tennessee Ornithological Society assembled in its 54th Annual Meeting,
9-11 May 1969, at Johnson City, Tennessee resolves that an expression of ap-
preciation for the planning and execution of a successful meeting be extended:
To the host Chapters, Bristol, Elizabethton, and Greeneville, and each of
their members;
To the East Tennessee State University for use of its facilities, and to Dr.
John Bailey for his sponsorship of the meeting;
To the Greeneville Chapter of the Tennessee Ornithological Society and to
Mr. Jim Bailey, of the Tennessee Conservation Department, for the reception
and cordial welcome on Friday evening;
To Mrs. Wallace Coffey and Mr. C. T. Ottenfeld for registration;
To Mr. Fred Behrend and Mrs. Kathryn Jones for publicity;
To Mrs. George N. Dove, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck and all who assisted in
arrangements for a successful banquet;
To Mrs. A. E. Reynolds and Mr. Guy Arnold for the lovely banquet deco-
rations;
To Mr. Charles R. Smith, his Committee and the group leaders for the ex-
citing field trips which we enjoyed;
Resolved that appreciation be expressed:
To all who were responsible for the direction and coordination of the paper
sessions, with special thanks to the speakers of this session: Mr. Fred Alsop, Mr.
Fred Behrend, Mr- Gary Wallace and Mr. Ken Dubke for the papers read.
Be it further resolved that our thanks be extended:
To Mr. Wallace Coffey, Vice-president for East Tennessee, for his guidance
of a splendid meeting, and to each of the other officers of T.O.S. who have
served so efficiently during their terms of office.
Respectfully submitted, Mary Davant, Alice Smith, Ella H. Ragland.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
42
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Tennessee Ornithological Society
Treasurer's Report May 1968 - May 1969
Memberships
Paid
1968
Paid
1969'
Unpaid
1969
Indi-
vidual
Family
Sus-
tain
Stu-
dent
Life
Collected
Bristol
31
29
1
1^
lii
$ 101,00
Chattanooga
29
31
8
15
7
7
2
99,50
Upper Cumberland 21
21
16
5
68,00
Elizabethton
16
lU
3
8
3
2
1
U5.00
Greeneville
10
7
1
1
6
27.00
Kentucky Lake
6
6
13.00
Knoxville
82
95
2
h2
28
21
k
261,50
Lebanon
23
30
1
18
9
2
1
99,50
Memphis
6h
6h
12
UU
11
6
3
187.00
Nashville
139
Ihh
22
79
k6
h
k
11
i;90.00
Reelf oot
17
19
5
12
5
2
58.00
Tenn»at-Large
36
32
8
18
7
2
3
2
98.00
Corresponding
63
63
7
52
1
1
3
6
206.50
5H9
7^
320
"TIT?
7
30
$ 175i|.^0
Subscriptions;
Libraries and Museums (39 paid
, 6 xinpaid)
115.00
$ 1869.50
Other Income
M.I.T. Dividends $li|l|.82
Check Lists and Books 23.05
Shoulder Patches 2 7.50
Back Issues THK MIGRANT 70. U5
Reprints 10.35
Refund, Postage Deposit 5»75
281.92
TOTAL INCOME FROM ALL SOURCES $
Disbursements
THE MIGRANT; Printing
$lli00.21
Editor's Expense
175.11
Zinc Etchings, Half-tones
127.32
Mailing
218.08
Envelopes
76.80
Reprints, Binder Inserts
57.36
Printing, Envelopes
73.06
Postage
39.00
Shoxilder Patches
10U.75
Miscellaneous
a.ui
TOTAL DISBURSED
Balance on Hand May 1, 1968
Income Itemized Above
Total
Disbursements Itemized Above
NET BALANCE ON HAND
ENDOWMENT FUND - 333 M.I.T. Certificates on Hand @ $ 16.i|6 — $5,l|8l.l8
Annella Creech, Treasurer
$ 2276,10
$19li3.19
$2151. U2
■ i|09ii.61
2276.10
$ 1818.51
May 3, 1969
[Vox.. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
43
PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGE TO T.O.S-
It is with a feeling of great challenge that I begin my service to you as
president of the Tennessee Ornithological Society. I believe the time has come
to seek ways for enhancing the effectiveness of our society in its principal
activity of bird study and in the broader
realms of conservation, and to provide if
possible increased benefits to the mem-
bership. At a time when all of us are in-
volved in many activities, this is indeed
a difficult set of objectives, especially
since they must be accomplished without
compromising the rich heritage passed on
to us by the founders and active mem-
bers of the past. It is certain that only a
group of knowledgeable, energetic and
representative members of our society
can bring this about, so for this purpose
I have initiated a committee for Self-
Study and Future Plans. To this commit-
tee I have appointed the following mem-
bers: Lula Coffey, Ken Leggett, Henry
Parmer, John Ellis, Ken Dubke, Jim
Campbell, Jim Tanner, Richard Nevius,
and Wallace Coffey, as chairman. I urge
each of the members of the society to
communicate to any member of this
committee their ideas and any problems
which they feel should be studied with a view toward improving our society.
Of course this committee’s recommendations are subject to the approval of
the Board of Directors and shall work in close coordination with the officers
of the society. I have already received a number of good suggestions and shall
pass them on to the committee for their study. I hope we can have our first
meeting this fall at Watts Bar.
Despite a busy weekly schedule, it is my intention to try to visit the vari-
ous chapters of the T.O.S. , upon invitation whenever possible, either for meet-
ings or field trips. I shall be glad to hear from the officers of the chapters in
this regard, and from any member who wishes to bring any matter to my at-
tention.
I want to urge all of you, who can, to attend the meeting and seminar, soon
to be announced, at Watts Bar Resort this fall. The possible joint meeting with
the Kentucky Ornithological Society next spring is still under study at this
time. This message would not be complete without mentioning, to those who
could not attend, how excellent and well organized was the recent Annual
Spring Meeting in Johnson City. The various members of the local arrange-
ments committee are to be commended for their work in providing another
outstanding meeting with several helpful innovations.
George R. Mayfield, Jr.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
44
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The months of February, March, and April were rather unstable with re-
spect to the weather across the state. Temperatures for February averaged 3-4^
colder than usual across most of the state, with precipitation for that month
about average. March experienced more extreme variations from normal weather
patterns. For March, temperatures were 7-8^ colder than normal and precipita-
tion was 2-3 inches below the average for that month. April offered some re-
lief, with temperatures about average and precipitation only 1-3 inches above
average.
From 15-17 February, snow prevailed across the state, with as much as ten
inches accumulating in some of the more mountainous regions. Snowfall had
generally ceased by the middle of March. The heaviest snowfall for March was
7-9 inches recorded at Watauga Dam and Mountain City in Upper East Ten-
nessee on 1 March. There were heavy rains throughout the state on 10-15 April.
The information which is available indicates a general scarcity of waterfowl
across the state for this period. Records of birds of prey, however, were more
numerous, especially from the middle and eastern portions of the state. Evening
Grosbeaks were reported from all regions. Pine Siskins and Purple Finches were
less numerous and no crossbills were reported. The influx of northern finches
this season was not outstanding. The colder weather in March might account,
in part, for the somewhat later migration, noted especially in the central por-
tions of the state.
Especially notable for this period is the observation of the Black-headed
Grosbeak near Sevierville, in East Tennessee. This constitutes another addition
to the growing list of Tennessee birds. Other notable records are as follows:
Common Egret at Nashville, White-winged Scoter on Watauga Lake, Rough-
legged Hawk near Roan Mountain, Pigeon Hawk near Roan Mountain, Pere-
grine Falcon near Bristol, Willet at Nashville, Least Tern at Nashville, Eastern
Kingbird wintering at Norris, Brown-headed Nuthatch at Collegedale, Con-
necticut Warbler at Nashville, Brewer’s Blackbird near Kingsport, and Harris’
Sparrow at Greeneville. Details of the above observations may be found in the
reports for each region which follow.
CORRECTION
In The Migrant, Vol. 39, page 90, of "The Season”, "Eastern Kingbird:
7, 8, 10 Oct. (2) WB (HB).” (line 27) should read Western Kingbird: 7,
8, 10 Oct. (2) WB (HB). Because of the importance of this record, special
attention should be given to making this correction in your copy of The
Migrant.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— Heron s-Vireos: Green Heron:
4 Apr. (1) S. Little Blue Heron: 29 Mar. (4) R. Common Egret: 20 Mar. (3)
D. Redhead: 15 Mar. (17) D. Sharp-shinned Hawk: 15 Mar. (5) R. Cooper’s
Hawk: 20 Mar. (1) S, 23 Mar. R. Broad-winged Hawk: 3 Mar. (1) S, 5 Apr.
(1) R. Bald Eagle: 15 Mar. (14) R. Osprey: 5 Apr (1) R. Golden Plover: 22
Mar. (13) S. Lesser Yellowlegs: 15 Mar. (2) R, 2 5 Apr. (5) S. Pectoral Sand-
rVoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
45
piper: 15 Mar. (20) R. Least Sandpiper: 15 Mar. (5) R. Herring Gull: 1 Mar.
(1) S. Whip-poor-will: 2 Apr. (4) S. Great Crested Flycatcher: 17 Apr. (1)
S. Eastern Wood Pewee: 5 Apr. (1) S. Horned Lark: 16 Feb. (343) R, nu-
merous all winter there. Rough-winged Swallow: 22 Mar. ( 1 ) S. Cliff Swallow:
17 Apr. (40 nests) S. Wood Thrush: 1 Apr. (1) S. Water Pipit: 23 Mar. (3)
R. Yellow-throated Vireo: 8 Apr. (1) S. Solitary Vireo: 15 Apr. (1) S.
Warblers: Worm-eating: 10 Apr. (1) S. Pine: 8 Mar. (1) S. Prairie: 8 Apr.
(2) S. Palm: 2 Apr. (1) S. Ovenbird: 10 Apr. (1) S. Hooded: 8 Apr. (1) S.
Canada: 28 Apr. (1) S.
Oriole-Sparrows: Orchard Oriole: 10 Apr. (1) S. Scarlet Tanager: 15 Apr.
(1) S. Summer Tanager: 10 Apr. ( 1 ) S. Evening Grosbeak: 27 Mar. (13) first
S record. Savannah Sparrow: 22 Mar. (3 5) R. Fox Sparrow: 15 Mar. (5) D.
Locations: D— Dyersburg, R — Reelfoot Lake, S — Savannah.
Observers: Kenneth and Janice Leggett at Dyersburg and Reelfoot, David
and Mike Patterson at Savannah.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Loom-Geese: Common
Loon: 1 Apr. (5), 2 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Horned Grebe: 22 Mar. (12) WR
(MCW), 16 Apr. (5) OHL (LOT). Pied-billed Grebe: 31 Mar. (13) OHL
(MCW). Great Blue Heron: continued scarce. Green Heron: 8 Apr. (1) WC
(MCW). Common Egret: 26 Apr. (5) ACM (AEG). Black-crowned Night
Heron: 26 Apr. (63) BH (JP). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 26 Apr. (4)
BH (JP). American Bittern: 9 Apr. (1) WC (MCW). Canada Goose: 1 Feb.
(75) RH (JSH), 19 Apr. (3) PPL (LOT).
Dircks: Mallard: very scarce NA, 26 Apr. (2) BV (JP), very late and at
the site of a 1968 nesting. Black: scarce after mid Jan. as were all ducks. Blue-
winged Teal: 30 Mar. (10) RR, NA (HEP), 26 Apr. (49) ACM, (AFG).
American Widgeon: 13 Mar. (4) BL (HEP), 15 Mar. (5 0) ACM (HCM,
HEP), 30 Mar. (4) RL (MCW), only reports. Wood Duck: several pairs NA
later part March, 24 Apr. (16) RL (MCW). Redhead: 11 Mar. (10) males
BL (HEP); 26 Apr. (1) RL (MCW), 5 days latest ever NA. Ring-necked:
continued far below normal; 26 Mar. (75) BL (HEP), only large flock there;
22 Apr. (1) RL (MCW) last, with (5-40) during period. Canvasback: 5 Feb.
(2) RL (MCW) only report. Lesser Scaup; 30 Mar. (5 0) ACM (HEP), 26
Apr. (38) RL (MCW); none BL. Common Goldeneye: 1 Apr. (2) RL
(MCW) Bufflehead: 22 Mar. (8) WR (MCW), 31 Mar. (2) CL (MCW),
Hooded Merganser: 20 Feb. (1) OHL (HEP), 16 Apr. (2) OHL (LOT).
Hawks-Terns: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 15 Apr. (1) BY (RH). Broad-winged
Hawk: 4 Apr. (1) BS (KAG), and 12 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Golden Eagle:
8 Feb. (2) WB (MCW). Marsh Hawk: b Mar. (1) WC (MCW), 6 Apr.
(1) BS (HEP, HCM,). Osprey: 20 Apr. (1) each RL and TJ (HCM, HEP),
26 Apr. (3) ACM area (AFG), (1) seen 8 times between 7, 24 Apr. LD
(RTH). Sandhill Crane: 5 Mar. (56), 14 Mar. (51) BY (RH). American
Coot: count RL down to (7) 26 Apr.; 19 Apr. (75) OHL (LOT). (MCW).
American Woodcock: 22 Feb. to 7 Mar. 1-3) OCR (KAG), 28 Feb. (1) H
(HCM,), 25 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Common Snipe: 15 Mar. (4) ACM (HCM,
HEP), 29 Mar. (7) TJ (HCM, HEP), 26 Apr. (1) BV (JP). Willet: 26
[VoL. 40, 1969]
46
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
April (3 3) ACM (AEG). Greater Yellowlegs: 26 Apr. (13) BV (JP). Lesser
Yellowlegs: maximum numbers (3) on 26 Apr. ACM (AEG). Pectoral Sand-
piper: scarce, with (7) 6 Apr. WB (MCW) being largest flock. Bonaparte’s
Gull: 2 Peb. (9) (LOT, HCM,, HEP) to 22 Apr. (2) (LOT), both OHL.
Least Tern: 30 Mar. (1) RR (HEP), a very rare NA visitor, and a very early
date for the State.
Dove-Swallows: Mourning Dove: 4 Mar. (1) on nest, 29 Mar. (2) young
fledged, both H (HCM). Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 26 Apr. (1) Black-billed
Cuckoo: 26 Apr. (1) TJ (HEP). Great Horned Owl: 3 Apr. (1) LD (RTH).
Whip-poor-will: 10 April (1) LD (RTH), 11 Apr. (1) BS (KAG). Common
Nighthawk: 23 Apr. (1) H (HCM). Chimney Swift: first 1 Apr. (1) H
(HCM), 3 Apr. (1) WB (MCW), then scarce until 10 April (60) H
(HCM). Ruby- throated Hummingbird: 13 Apr. (1) H (Mrs. W. R. Young).
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: scarce in April, last being (1) 28 Apr. H (HCM).
Eastern Kingbird: first, 12 Apr. (1) WB (MCW). Great Crested Elycatcher:
2 5 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Eastern Phoebe: first 2 Mar. (6), 21 Mar. BY (3)
(RH). Acadian Elycatcher: 26 Apr. (6) NA. Wood Pewee: 26 Apr. (6) NA
(TOS). Tree Swallow: 30 Mar. (3) ACM (HEP), 22 Apr. (100-]-) RL
(MCW). Bank Swallow: 19 Apr. (2) RR-NA (HCM, HEP). Rough-winged
Swallow: 30 Mar. (3) ACM (HEP), then 22 Apr. (50) RL (MCW). Barn
Swallow: 28 Mar. (2) MBP (MCW), 30 Mar- (50) ACM (HEP); first at
BY (5) 4 Apr. (RH). Cliff Swallow: 30 Mar. (8) ACM (HEP). Purple
Martin: 28 Eeb. (1) WB first Mid-Tenn. record in many years for Eeb.
Niithafches-Pipit: Red-breasted Nuthatch: fairly common NA, with
last report being 26 Apr. (1) (HCM.) and (1) (KAG), (2) (HEP). Brown
Creeper: last, 10 Apr. (1) H (HCM). House Wren: four records NA during
Apr. Winter Wren: NA, 30 Mar. (3), 31 Mar. (8), 1 Apr. (7), all RL
(MCW). Bewick’s Wren: a few singles NA. Carolina Wren: well below normal
NA. Catbird: 8 Apr. (1) H (KAG). Brown Thrasher: (1) wintered H (AT).
Wood Thrush: 12 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Hermit Thrush: 8 Apr. (1) H
(HCM). Swainson’s Thrush: 26 Apr. (6) NA (TOS). Gray-cheeked Thrush:
26 Apr. (1) NA (HEP). Veery: 29 Apr. (1) (SB). Eastern Bluebird: still
fairly scarce NA. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher: 2 Apr. (7) SHV (KAG), (1) H
(HCM,), and (1) LD (RTH); 4 Apr. (10) BY (RH). Golden-crowned
Kinglet: 31 Mar. (25) RL (MCW), 3 Apr. (2) LD (RTH) Ruby-crowned
Kinglet: 26 Apr. (11) (TOS); 27 Apr. (1) H (KAG). Water Pipit: 8 Mar.
(9) WB (EB), 29 Mar. (2) TJ (HCM, HEP).
V/reos: White-eyed: 10 Apr. (1) BS (KAG), and (1) LD (RTH), 15
Apr. (4) RL (M,CW). Yellow- throated: 4 Apr. (1) BS (KAG). Solitary: 19
Apr. to 12 May (1) H (HCM). Red-eyed: 10 Apr. (1) LD (RTH), 12 Apr.
(1) BS (KAG). Warbling: 13 Apr. (1) LD (RTH) to 26 Apr. (5) NA
(TOS).
Warhlers: Black-and-white: 28 Mar. (3) MBP (MCW), 5 Apr. (2) BS
(KAG), 9 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Prothonotary: 9 Apr. (4) RL (MCW),
26 Apr. (33) NA (TOS). Worm-eating: 16 Apr. (1) BS (KAG), 26 Apr.
(2) LD (RTH) and NA (7) (TOS). Golden-winged: 28 Apr. (1) H
(KAG). Blue-winged: 12 Apr. (1) BS (KAG), 14 Apr. (7) RL (MCW),
26 Apr. (3 0) NA (TOS). Tennessee: 20 Apr. (1) (MCW) TR, 26 Apr. (9)
NA (TOS). Nashville: 29 Apr. (1) H (HCM). Parula: 26 Apr. (7) NA
rVoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
47
(TOS). Yellow: 13 Apr. (1) LD (RTH), H Apr. (1) H (HCM). Black-
throated Blue: 12 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Myrtle: very scarce until migration
in late April. Black-throated Green: 26 Apr. (1) RL (MCW), 28 Apr. (1)
H (HCM). Cerulean: 19 Apr. (2) AC (HCM,). Blackburnian: 26 Apr. (2)
TJ (JP). Yellow-throated: 4 Apr. (1) SHV (KAG). Chestnut-sided: 26 Apr.
(1) TJ (JP). Blackpoll: 26 Apr. (2) H (HCM, KAG). Prairie: 21 Apr. (1)
H (AT), 27 Apr. (20) and 28 Apr. (23) both H (HCM). Ovenbird: 26
Apr. (2) SHV (HCM). Louisiana Waterthrush: first 23 Mar. (1) BS (KAG)
and FV (JOE). Kentucky: 14 Apr. (1) RL (MCW) to 26 Apr. (46) NA
(TOS). Connecticut: 28 Apr. (1) RL (AT), 7 days earliest ever NA and
first there in three years. Yellowthroat: 16 Apr. (1) CP (HCM,) and (1) BS
(KAG), 17 Apr. (1) LD (RTH) Yellow-breasted Chat: 23 Apr. (1) LD
(RTH). Hooded: 16 Apr. (1) H (HCM). Redstart: 13 Apr. (1) BS (KAG).
Boholinks-Tanagers: Bobolink: 26 Apr. (2 5) ACM (AFC party). Red-
winged Blackbird: 1 Mar. (5 00) WB (MCW), a migrating flock. Orchard
Oriole: 15 Apr. (1) H (FM), 16 Apr. (2) H (HCM) and (1) H (HH),
17 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Baltimore Oriole: 26 Apr. (14) NA. Common
Crackle: plentiful NA during nesting time. Brown-headed Cowbird: fairly
common in April NA. Scarlet Tanager: 16 Apr. (1) BS (KAG), (1) LD
(RTH). Summer Tanager: 13 Apr. (1) RL (MCW), 16 Apr. (1) BS (KAG),
17 Apr. (1) LD (RTH).
Grosheaks-Sparrows: Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 20 Apr. (3) NA (MCW),
22 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Blue Grosbeak: 14 Apr- (1) H (DC), 8 days ear-
liest ever NA; 19 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Indigo Bunting: 19 Apr. (1) NA
(KAG) then 26 Apr. with (88) NA (TOS). Evening Grosbeak: daily at H
of (GM) NA with (2-48) during period; from (1-4) MC during period
(GRM). Purple Finch: flocks (10-36) from all observers over period. Pine
Siskin: numbers increased considerably in Feb. NA; daily at feeder (GM) NA
17 Feb. to 15 Apr. American Goldfinch: above normal NA. Savannah Sparrow:
30 Mar. (8) SHV (KAG). Vesper Sparrow: 29 M,ar. (25 ), 30 Mar. (40-5 0),
both SHV (KAG); 4 Apr. (7) BL (HEP). Slate-colored Junco: near normal
NA; last (2) 26 Apr. NA. Chipping Sparrow: 18 Feb. (1) H (HCM), 21
Feb. (1). Harris’ Sparrow: 18 Feb. (1) H (CO), 26, 27 Apr. (1) H (HH).
White-crowned Sparrow: few, but normal NA. White-throated Sparrow: very
scarce NA until migration, then 26 Apr. (206) (TOS). Fox Sparrow: last
7 Apr. (1) H (AT). Song Sparrow, last 4 Apr. (1) H (HCM).
Locations: AC-Ashland City area, ACM-Ashland City Marsh, BH-Bordeaux
Heronry, BE — ^Bush Lake, BS — Basin Springs, farm of KAG, BV — Buena Vista
Marsh, BY — Byrdstown, CL — Coleman’s Lake, H — home of observer, LD —
Lily Dale, MB — Murfreesboro, MC — Maury County, MBP — Montgomery Bell
Park, NA — Nashville Area, OCR — Otter Creek Road, OHL — ^^Old Hickory
Lake, PPL — Percy Priest Lake, RH — Rabbit Hill, RL — Radnor Lake, RR —
River Road, SHV — South Harpeth Valley, TJ — Two Jays Sanctuary, TR —
Temple Road, WB — Woodbury, WC — Warren County, WR — Wood’s Reser-
voir.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, FB — ^Frances Bryson, DC — Mrs. David Cobb,
AEG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Katherine A. Goodpasture, RH — Robbie Hass-
ler, JSH— John S. Herbert, RTH— Roy T. Hinds, HH— Helen Hodgson,
GRM— George R. Mayfield Jr., GM— Mrs. Geo. R. Miller, HCM— Harry C.
Monk, FM — Fanny Murphy, CO — Mrs. Cliffton Ogden, HEP — Henry E.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
48
The migrant
JUNE
Parmer, JP — Jimmy Parrish, AT — Ann Tarbell, TOS — Nash. Chapter Spring
Count, lot — ^Laurence O. Trabue, MW — Marvin Webb, MCW — Mary C.
Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — Loom-Geese: Common
Loon: present in small numbers through 31 Mar. (1) SHL (WC, TH, JW).
Horned Grebe: 20 Feb. (3) BWP (KD), 27 Feb. (2) BL (GD, HD), 13
Mar. (1) BWP (RD), 31 Mar. (8) SHL (WC, TH, JW). Pied-billed Grebe:
regular, max., 16 Feb. (16) NL (KD); last, 19 Apr. (1) SHL (DC, TH).
Double-crested Cormorant: 18 April (2) WBL (KD), 18 Apr. through period
(1) CL (KD). Great Blue Heron: regular through period; max., 14 Feb.
(100) HRA (WiC fide KD). Green Heron: firsts, 6 Apr. (3) AM (KD), 8
April (1) JS (RH), 11 Apr. (1) K (BL). Cattle Egret: 15 Mar. (12) K
(RS). Common Egret: 6 April (5) HRA (KD). Black-crowned Night Heron:
6 April through period (1 to 6) AM (KD, ML). Yellow-crowned Night
Heron: 4 Apr., 12 Apr. (1) and (2) G (RN), 8 Apr. (1) JC (KJ). Least
Bittern: 29 Apr. (1) AM (KD). American Bittern: 4, 8, 16 Apr. (1) K
(BL) ; 4, 12 Apr. (1) G (RN); 6 Apr. through period MP (KD). Canada
Goose: from start of period (200) in decreasing numbers until 5 Apr. Co L
(FO); 2 Feb. (37) KSP (FA, JMC, RME, GW).
Diicks-Mer gamers: Mallard: max., 2 Feb. (2 5) KSP (FA, JMC, RME,
GW); last, 19 Apr. (5) OR (FA, GW). Black Duck: max., 14 Feb. (131)
BWP and HRA (KD); last, 12 Apr. (2) JS (RH). Gadwall: max., 7 Feb.
(18) NL (KD); last, 10 Apr. (6) SB (KD). Pintail: 13 Mar. (6) BWP
(KD). Green-winged Teal: 31 Mar. (1) SHR (WC, TH, JW), 6 Apr. (2)
SB (KD). Blue-winged Teal: first, 20 Mar. (3) BWP and SB (KD). American
Widgeon: last, 10 Apr. (1) SB (KD). Shoveler: from 20 Mar. (8) BWP (KD)
to 18 Apr. (2) HRA (KD); max., 6 Apr. (18) (KD). Redhead: 2 Mar. (2)
BL (LRH), 26 Mar. (7) BL (CD, HD), 27 Mar. (13) BWP (KD). Ring-
necked Duck: max., 6 Mar. (97) LIRA (KD), last, 29 Mar. (2) PHL (WC,
TH). Canvasback: 2 Feb. (4) KSP (FA, JMC, RME, GW), 27 Feb. (2)
PHL (GD, HD), 20 Mar. (8) BWP (KD). Greater Scaup: max., 27 Feb.
(122) BWP (KD) ; last, 27 Mar. (12) BWP (KD). Lesser Scaup: max. 29
Mar. (96) BL (WC, TH) ; last, 19 Apr. (22) SHL (WC, TH). Common
Goldeneye: max., 1 Feb. (3 5) BWP (JD); last, 6 Apr. (2) BWP (KD).
Bufflehead: max., 20 Mar. (37) HRA (KD) ; last, 18 Apr. (5) HRA (KD).
Oldsquaw: 16 Mar. (1) F (FO, KOS). Hooded Merganser: max. 2 Feb. (9)
KSP (FA, JMC, RME, GW); last, 27 Apr. (2) SHL (WC, TH). Red-
breasted Merganser: 13 Mar. (1) CL (KD), 17 Apr. (1) NL (KD).
Vnlfaires-Gulls: Turkey Vulture: roost, max., 14 Mar. (35) LHS (KD).
Black Vulture: roost, max. 23 Feb. (97) LHS (KD); 19 Apr. (15) OR (FA,
GW), 27 Apr. (7) SHL (WC, TH). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 20 Mar. (1) HRA
(KD), 2 5 Apr. (1) Col (RS). Cooper’s Hawk: 23 Mar. (1) S (FA, JA, JMC,
JS, LS). Red-tailed Hawk: present in small numbers through period in most
areas of region. Red-shouldered Hawk: 1 to 2 regular in CH area with two
active nests (KD). Broad-winged Hawk: firsts, 11 Apr. (2) TRG (KD, RS),
17 Apr. (20) N (FO), 19 Apr. (41) SHL (WC, TH). Bald Eagle: 8 Apr.
(1) BL (RT). Marsh Hawk: 10 Apr. (1) HRA (KD), 14 Apr. (1) NL
(KD). Osprey: firsts, 26 Mar. (1) HRA (WiC fide KD); two active nest
[VoL. 40. 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
49
sites, CL, WBL (KD); 9 Apr. (1) OR (JMC), 9 Apr. (2) BL (WAB, CRS),
19 Apr. (1) SHE (WC, TH). Peregrine Falcon: 20 Apr. (1) SHL (WC).
Ruffed Grouse: 9 Apr. (1) Col at about 1000' ft (ML), first report from this
area (KD). Ring-necked Pheasant: 10 Apr. (1) HRA (KD). Sandhill Crane:
13 Mar. (100) SB (KD). King Rail: 6, 16 Apr. (1) AM (ML, KD). Sora:
firsts, 6 Apr. (1) AM (ML), 20 Apr. (1) K (BL). American Coot: max.,
7 Feb. (4000) NL (KD); last, 19 Apr. (15) OR (FA, GW). Common Snipe:
last, 27 Apr. (2) K (JMC). Spotted Sandpiper: first, 12 Apr. (2) SHL (WC,
TH). Solitary Sandpiper: first, 16 Apr. (2) AM (KD), 16 Apr. (1) G (RN).
Greater Yellowlegs: firsts, 16 Mar. (2) F (FOj, 23 Mar. (7) G (RN) K
(OS), 10 Apr. (4) DL (BB). Lesser Yellowlegs: first, 16 Mar. (1) G (RN).
Pectoral Sandpiper: 13 Mar. (3) SB (KD), 27 Mar. (44) SB and HRA (KD),
12 Apr. (1) G (RH). Dunlin: regular at SB until 10 Apr. (15) (KD); max.,
20 Mar. (82)- Dowitcher (species unknown): 10 Apr. (1) SB (KD). Herring
Gull: max., 13 Feb. (30) BWP (KD) ; last, 27 Apr. (1) SHL (WC, TH).
Ring-billed Gull: max. 27 Feb. (709) CL (KD); until end of period in Bristol
area (WC). Bonaparte’s Gull: 10 Apr. (7) DL (BB), 12 Apr^ (2) G (RH).
Chvl-Pipifs: Barn Owl: 7 Feb. (1) G (RN), 24 Mar. (1) G (RN). Great-
horned Owl: 4 Feb. (1) G (RN). Chuck- will’s- widow: 27 Apr. (4) K
(JMC). Whip-poor-will: 27 Apr. (2) K (JMC). Common Nighthawk: first,
17 Apr. (1) B (WC). Chimney Swift: firsts, 27 Mar. (1) CH (KD), 6 Apr.
(1) G (RN), 10 Apr. (1) B (WC). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: last, 23 Apr.
(1) Col (ML). Eastern Kingbird: from start of period until 30 Mar. (1) N
(FO) ; first, 13 Apr. (1) K (FA). Great Crested Flycatcher: first, 17 Apr. (1)
Col (LL). Acadian Flycatcher: first, 24 Apr. (1) TRG (KD). Horned Lark:
present through period; max., 17 Feb. (5 5) G (RN). Tree Swallow: firsts, 7,
13 Mar. (2) HRA (KD), 27 Mar. (10) BWP, SB (KD), 2 Apr. (5) N (FO).
Rough-winged Swallow: firsts, 21 Mar. (1) Col (RS), 29 Mar. (1) BL (WC,
TH), 3 0 Mar. (1) K (FA, JMC). Barn Swallow: firsts, 27 Mar. (1) BWP
(KD), 29 Mar. (7) BL (WC, TH). Cliff Swallow: first, 31 Mar. CL (JD).
Purple Martin: first, 8 Mar. (2) SB (KD). Red-breasted Nuthatch: last, 26
Apr. (1) K (MS). Brown-headed Nuthatch: (2) regular through period CoL
(NH fide KD). Brown Creeper: last records, 4 Apr. (12) K (BL), 7 Apr. (1)
JC (PR). House Wren: 12 Apr. (1) B (WC), 17 Apr. (1) JC (WAB, PR),
22 Apr. (1) G (HS). Winter Wren: 16 Apr. (1) Col (ML). Catbird: first,
16 Apr. (1) CoL (ML). Brown Thrasher: through period (1) G (ED). Wood
Thrush: firsts, 4 Apr. (1) K (MS), 6 Apr. (1) MP (KD). Swainson’s Thrush:
firsts, 22 Apr. (2) JC (WAB), 28 Apr. (1) K (MS). Gray-cheeked Thrush:
28 Apr. (1) K (MS). Veery: 29 Apr. (1) K (FA). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher:
first, 2 Apr. (1) Col (ML). Golden-crowned Kinglet: last, 6 Apr. (3) HRA
(KD). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: regular through period; max., 19 Apr. (40) K
(JMC, RME, ES). Water Pipit: last, 10 Apr. (6 5) HRA (KD).
Vireos-War biers: White-eyed Vireo: firsts, 12 Apr. (2) CB (KD), 12 Apr.
(1) G (RH). Yellow-throated Vireo: first, 8 Apr. (1) CL (MT). Solitary
Vireo: first, 31 Mar. (1) K (MS). Red-eyed Vireo: first, 11 Apr. (1) PCR
(KD). Warbling Vireo: first, 20 Apr. (1) Col (RS). Black-and-white War-
bler: first, 1 Apr. (1) K (FA). Prothonotary Warbler: first, 11 Apr. (2) PCR
(KD). Worm-eating Warbler: first, 8 Apr. (1) Col (ML). Golden-winged
Warbler: first, 19 Apr. (1) K (JMC, RME, ES). Blue-winged Warbler: first,
[VoL. 40, 1969]
50
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
18 Apr. (1) CB (KD). Tennessee Warbler: 29 Apr. (1) K (EA). Nashville
Warbler: first, 26 Apr. (1) K (JMC). Orange-crowned Warbler: 13 Apr. (1)
K (FA, JMC, JBO, KCOS). Parula Warbler: first, 6 Apr- (1) MP (KD).
Yellow Warbler: first, 6 Apr. (1) DL (BB), 6 Apr. (1) G. (RN). Magnolia
Warbler: first, 19 Apr. (1) DL (BB). Cape May Warbler: first, 23 Apr. (1)
Col (ML). Black-throated Blue Warbler: 23 Apr. (1) K (MS). Myrtle War-
bler: present through period. Black-throated Green Warbler: first, 4 Apr. (1)
Col (ML). Cerulean Warbler: first, 11 Apr. (1) TRG (KD). Blackburnian
Warbler: first, 12 Apr. (1) K (JMC, RME, ES). Yellow-throated Warbler:
first, 4 Apr. (1) K (BL). Chestnut-sided Warbler: first, 26 Apr. (1) K
(JMC). Blackpoll Warbler: first, 12 Apr. (1) Col (LL). Pine Warbler: 21
Feb. (1) BL (CD), 3 0 Mar. (1) SHL (WC, TH). Prairie Warbler: first, 11
Apr. (3) TRG (KD). Palm Warbler: first, 12 Apr. (1) Col (RS). Ovenbird:
first, 12 Apr. (2) K (JMC, RME, ES). Northern Waterthrush: 24 Apr. (1)
TRG (KD), 29, 30 Apr. (1) Col (ML). Louisiana Waterthrush: first, 30
Mar. (2) SHL (WC, TH). Kentucky Warbler: first, 16 Apr. (1) Col (ML).
Yellowthroat: firsts, 12 Apr. (1) CB (KD), 12 Apr. (1) K (BL). Yellow-
breasted Chat: first, 24 Apr. (3) TRG (KD). Hooded Warbler: first, 8 Apr.
(1) Col (ML). Canada Warbler: firsts, 17 Apr. (1) TRG (KD), 19 Apr.
(1) K (JMC, RME, ES). American Redstart: first, 11 Apr. (1) Col (RS),
11 Apr. (1) K (FA).
Orioles-Sparrows: Orchard Oriole: first, 18 Apr. (1) SB (KD). Baltimore
Oriole: 19 Apr. (1) K (FA). Rusty Blackbird: 6 Apr. (30) MP (KD). Brew-
er’s Blackbird: 2 Mar. (5 0) TCA (LRH). Scarlet Tanager: first, 1 Apr. (1)
K (FA). Summer Tanager: first, 16 Apr. (1) Col (ML). Rose-breasted Gros-
beak: firsts, 26 Apr. (1) Col (RS), 27 Apr. (1) B (WC). Black-headed Gros-
beak: from start of period until 24 Apr. (1) S (FA, JMC, BR, KOS). Blue
Grosbeak: first, 25 Apr. (1) OW. Indigo Bunting: first, 9 Apr. (1) Col (ML).
Evening Grosbeak: present throughout period in larger than usual numbers.
Purple Finch: present through late April. Pine Siskin: through period (1-7)
Ch (KD), 7 Mar. (1) N (FO), 12 Apr. (1) K (JMC, MG, BW), 27 Mar.
4 Apr., 9 Apr., 21 Apr. (1 to 21) JC (HD). Savannah Sparrow: 8 Mar. (2)
JC (GD, HD). Grasshopper Sparrow: 16 Apr. (1) G (RN), 17 Apr. (1) JC
(HD). Vesper Sparrow: 21 Feb. (1) PCR (KD), 29 Mar. (6) BL (WC, TH),
6 Apr. (1) HRA (KD). Slate-colored Junco: last, 21 Apr. (2) PP (KD).
Chippinjg Sparrow: firsts, 23 Mar. (1) JC (HD), 30 Mar. (1) K (FA). Har-
ris’ Sparrow: 1 Feb. through 28 Apr. (1) G (RN). White-crowned Sparrow:
present in scattered locations throughout region and period. White-throated
Sparrow: throughout region and period. Fox Sparrow: regular until 6 Apr. (1)
MP (KD), 2 5 Feb.- 14 Mar. (1-2) JC (HD). Swamp Sparrow: last records, 12
Apr. (4) G (RN), 27 Apr. (8) K (JMC, KOS).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, B — Bristol, BL — Boone Lake, BWP —
Booker T. Washington State Park, CB — Chickamauga Battlefield, CH — ^Chat-
tanooga, CL — Chickamauga Lake, CoL — ^Cove Lake State Park, Col — ^College-
dale, DL — Dunlap, F — ^Friendsville, G — ^Greeneville, JC — Johnson City, JS —
John Sevier Steam Plant Area, K — Knoxville, KSP — Kingston Steam Plant,
LHS — Long Hollow Swamp, Marion County, MP — Morse Pond, N — Norris,
NL — Nickajack Lake, OR — ^Oak Ridge, OW — Old Washington, PCR — Powell
Cross Road (Chat Area), PHL — ^Patrick Henry Lake, PP — Point Park, S —
Sevierville, SB — Savannah Bay, SHL — South Holston Lake, SHR — ^^South Hols-
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
51
ton River, TCA — near Tri-Cities Airport, TRG — Tenn- River Gorge near
Chattanooga, WBL — Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, JA — Jean Alsop, BB — Benton Basham, WAB
— Bill Bridgforth, JMC — James M. Campbell, WiC — Wilford Caraway, WC
— Wallace Coffey, ED — Elva Darnell, CD — ^Mrs. Geo. Dove, HD — Mrs. Har-
old Dillenbeck, KD^ — Ken Dubke, JD — Jon DeVore, RME — Ray M. (Danny)
Ellis, MG — Maurice Grigsby, NH — Nat Halverson, TH — Tim Hawk, LRH —
Lee R. Herndon, RH — Robert Holt, KJ — Katherine Jones, BL — Beth Lacy,
L — Lindsey Lilly, M, — Mike Lilly, RN — Richard and Ruth Nevius, FO — Fran-
ces Olson, JBO — J. B. Owen, PR — Pete Range, BR — Barbara Rankin, MS —
Mable Sanders, CRS — Charles R. Smith, ES — Ed Smith, JS^ — Johneta Smith,
KOS — Knoxville Chapter T.O.S-, LS — Louis Smith, HS — Helen Spees, RS —
Roger Swanson, RT — Reid Tatum, MT — Mary Tunsberg, GW — Gary Wallace,
JW— Johnny Wood, BW— Beth Wuest.
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION: Grebe-Snipe: Pied-billed Grebe: last
6 April (1) WiL. Great Blue Heron: last 18 Mar. (1) MC (CRS). Mallard:
last 6 April (2) WiL (CRS). Black Duck: last 18 Mar. (2) WiL. Gadwall:
only on 2 Mar. (2) WiL (LRH). Pintail: 5 Mar. (3) WaL (FWB). Green-
winged Teal: 31 Mar. (1) EFH (WAB, CRS). Blue-winged Teal: 29 Mar. (3)
HCV (MS). American Widgeon: last 2 Apr. (1) WiL (LRH). Wood Duck:
31 Mar. (6) EFH (WAB, CRS). Ring-necked Duck: last 6 Apr. (18) WiL
(CRS). Lesser Scaup: last 18 Mar. (1) WiL (CRS). Common Goldeneye: only
on 9 Feb. (4) WaL (CRS). Bufflehead: 6 Apr. (46) WiL (CRS). White-
winged Scoter: 9 Feb. (1) WaL (LRH, CRS). Black Vulture: 3 Feb. (5)
BM (CRS), 22 Mar. (2) BM (CRS). Cooper’s Hawk: 23 Mar. (1)
SV (CRS). Broad-winged Hawk: first 13 Apr. (1) SC (CRS); 12 Apr. (4)
HCV (MS). Rough-legged hawk: 26 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Golden Eagle: 2
Feb. (1) CC (SC). Marsh Hawk: 19 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Pigeon Hawk:
26 Apr. (1) with small snake, HCV (MS). Ruffed Grouse: throughout Mar.
and Apr. (1-2) near MC (CRS). American Coot: 30 Mar. (1) LPN (FWB).
American Woodcock: 4 Mar. WaR (FWB). Common Snipe: 19 Mar. -9 Apr.
(1-2) at MC (CRS).
Oivls-Kinglets: Barred Owl: 17 Apr. (2) RM (FWB); 9 Feb. (1) CC
(LN). Whip-poor-will: first 17 Apr. SC (FWB). Saw-whet Owl: 2 5 Apr. (1)
(FA, JMC). Chuck-will’s-widow: first 27 Apr. (1) MC (CRS). Chimney
Swift: first 3 0' Mar. (1) MC (CRS). Ruby-throated Hummingbird: first
26 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Red-bellied Woodpecker: throughout Mar. and Apr.
(1-2) EGG (LRH). Eastern Kingbird: first 4 Apr. (2) HCV (MS). Great
Crested Flycatcher: first 19 Apr. (3) HCV (MS). Acadian Flycatcher: first
27 Apr. (2) HCV (MS). Eastern Wood Pewee: jfirst 19 Apr. Tree Swallow:
first 4 Apr. (5) HCV (MS). Rough-winged Swallow: first 30 Mar. (2) MC
(CRS). Barn Swallow: first 31 Mar. (6) EFH (WAB, CRS). Purple Martin:
first 4 Apr. (11) HCV (MS). Common Raven: 23 Mar. (2) RM (FWB),
20 Apr. (2) UM (CRS). Brown Creeper: last 2 Apr. (1) MC (CRS), 19 Apr.
(1) HCV (MS). Catbird: first 19 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Hermit Thrush: only
on 9 Feb. (1) WaL (LRH, CRS). Wood Thrush: first 17 Apr. (3) MC
(CRS). Blue-gray Gnatatcher: first 4 Apr. (2) MC (CRS). Ruby-crowned
Kinglet: last 31 Mar. (1) EFH (WAB, CRS).
[VoL. 40, 1969]
52
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Vireos-Sparrows: White-eyed Vireo: first 16 Apr. (1) MC (CRS)- Soli-
tary Vireo: first 4 Apr. (2) RM (CRS). Black-and-white Warbler: 13 Apr.
(1) LA (CRS). Trothonotary Warbler: first 12 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Worm-
eating Warbler: first 13 Apr. (1) LA (CRS). Golden-winged Warbler: first
26 Apr. (2) HCV (MS). Parula Warbler: first 17 Apr. (1) U (CRS). Yellow
Warbler: first 20 Apr. (5) HCV (MS). Black-throated Green Warbler: first
4 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Yellow-throated Warbler: first 11 Apr. (1) BM
(HD, LH). Chestnut-sided Warbler: first 17 Apr. (1) U (CRS). Ovenbird:
first 17 Apr. (1) U (CRS). Pine Warbler: 13 Apr. (3) (GOS). Louisiana
Waterthrush: first 30 Mar. (1) LA (CRS). Yellowthroat: first 20 Apr. (1)
U (CRS). Yellow-breasted Chat: 26 Apr. (2) HCV (MS). Hooded Warbler:
first 13 Apr. (2) (GOS). Rusty Blackbird: 23 Mar. (8) SV (WAB, DF,
CRS). Scarlet Tanager: first 17 Apr. (1) U (CRS). Rose-breasted Grosbeak:
19 Apr. (1) HCV (MS). Evening Grosbeak: throughout period E; max. 22
Feb. (100) (RDM). Pine Siskin: 20 Apr. (10) UM (CRS). Savannah Spar-
row: 23 Mar. (2) SV (CRS), 25 Mar. (2) EGC (LRH). Vesper Sparrow:
first 23 Mar. (5) SV (CRS). White-crowned Sparrow; last 21 Apr. (1) E
(FWB). Fox Sparrow: 16 Feb. (1) EGC (LRH). Swamp Sparrow: 3 0 Mar.
(1) MC (CRS).
Locations: BM — Buffalo Mountain, CC — ^Cades Cove, Great Smoky Moun-
tain National Park; GOS — ^Greeneville Chapter, T.O.S.; HCV — Heaton Creek
Valley, Roan Mountain; LA — The Laurels Picnic Area, E — ‘Elizabethton, EFH
— Erwin Fish Hatchery, EGC — Elizabethton Golf Course, LPN — Lake Phillip
Nelson, MC — Milligan College, RM — Roan Mountain, SC^ — Stoney Creek, SV —
Shadv Valley, U — Unicoi, UM — Unaka Mountain, WaL — ^Watauga Lake,
WaR— Watauga River, WiL— Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FWB— Fred W. Behrend, WAB— Bill Bridgforth, SC— Scott
Christy, DF — David Fenner, LH — Mrs. Lee R. Herndon, LRH — Lee R. Hern-
don, RDM, — Roby D. May, LN — Miss Louise Nunnally, CRS — Charles R.
Smith, MS — Mrs. Maxie Swindell.
Danny Ellis, 1 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
[Voi. 40, 1969]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts* Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8jxll” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-hst 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted*
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request* Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be
through the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate
departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside
front cover.
CONTENTS
T.V. Tower Casualties at Nashville in Autumn 1968.
Amelia H. Laskey 25
Annual Autumn Hawk Count, 1968. Thomas W, Finucane 28
The 1969 Spring Field Days. Edited by Jon DeVore 32
T.O.S. State Meeting, 1969. Helen B, Dinkelspiel 38
Presidential Message to T.O.S. George R, Mayfield, Jr- 43
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 44
Western Coastal Plain Region. David £. Patterson 44
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 45
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region* James M. Campbell 48
Eastern Mountain Region. Danny Ellis.
51
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
PuBUSHED By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
“STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Taliwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE :
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
xMIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state), Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Preston
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record arid Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 40 SEPTEMBER, 1969 NO. 3
FALL MIGRANTS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH PONDS
MUD FLATS
By Earl L. Hanebrink
It is the purpose of this paper to record some unusual observations of wa-
ter and shore birds observed at fish ponds and mud flats during the 1967 fall
migration through northeastern Arkansas. Several large ponds (10-20 acres)
are located on the Larry Burns’ farms on Highway 18 approximately 10 miles
from the city limits of Jonesboro in Craighead County, Arkansas. These ponds
were constructed in the flat farming area, for commercial fish farming which
is becoming popular in this area. At this location there are four large ponds
and several smaller ones surrounded by cotton, soybean, and rice fields. These
ponds function in raising Blue Catfish, {Ictalurus furcatus) for commercial
selling and sport fishing. During the fall of the year, Mr. Burns often drains
some of the large ponds. This creates an unusual habitat type for this area.
Large mud flats occur as a result of the drainage operations with some shallow
pools remaining in the low places. These mud flats are an attraction for many
shore and water birds which migrate through this area and are seldom seen
otherwise.
Through this limited fall study one new species has been added to the state
bird list and a second record was added for another species. Observations were
made at these ponds and mud flats beginning on 24 October and terminating
18 November 1967. Seven visits were made to these ponds and mudflats and
all birds were counted. Results are summarized in Table 1 which shows only
those species actually using the mud flats or open water for feeding and in-
cluding those species associated with the grassy edges along the levee.
Few American Golden Plover {Pluvialis dominica) have previously been
observed during the fall migration through northeastern Arkansas. On 1 5 Oc-
tober, the Glossy Ibis {Plegadis falcinellus) was observed feeding in the mud
flats by several members of the Arkansas Audubon Society. This species was
first reported from northeastern Arkansas in the spring of 1965 at a heronry
in Mississippi County (Hanebrink and Cochran, Auk 8 3:474, 1966). The
Glossy Ibis has been observed nesting in this heronry but not during the 1967
breeding season. On several occasions a straggling Glossy Ibis was observed
during the summer flying in the Mississippi County heronry. Possibly this bird
[VoL. 40, 1969]
54
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
TABLE I
Species of birds found using the mud flats and open water in fish pond of
Craighead County, Arkansas during the fall migration in 1967
SPECIES
10/24
10/27
10/28
10/31
11/2
11/8
11/1i
Pied-billed Grebe
6
1
Western Grebe
1
Great Blue Heron
1
Canada Goose
2
Snow Goose
4
1
Blue Goose
1
48
2
Mallard
6
8
Gadwall
25
150
Pintail
150
8
American Widgeon
50
200
Shoveler
75
105
40
25
25
15
10
Ring-necked Duck
3
Bufflehead
35
Ruddy Duck
1
14
Hooded Merganser
13
Killdeer
100
125
125
95
100
100
50
American Golden Plover
3
Common Snipe
8
30
8
8
20
American Coot
707
•j
.y
13
21
1CCC
Greater Yellowlegs
2
55
Lesser Yellowlegs
1
1
2
8
4
Pectoral Sandpiper
6
50
15
25
4
15
Least Sandpiper
15
25
8
12
15
50
Dunlin
12
15
Long-billed Dowitcher
5
White-rumped Sandpiper
3
Water Pipit
20
6
Eastern Meadowlark
Western Meadowlark
2
2
3
8
5
Red-winged Blackbird
2
2
10
Brewer's Blackbird
18
50
25
Common Crackle
40
Rusty Blackbird
80
Brown-headed Cowbird
50
Savannah Sparrow
20
2
12
15
6
2
8
Song Sparrow
12
5
Snow Bunting
1
1
'i
was one previously associated with the heronry. The first record of the state
for a member of this genus was an immature bird taken at Lonoke on 16
September 1956. This ibis was collected and the skin placed in the University
of Arkansas collection, UAZ 3 81 (D. James, Proc. Ark. Acad. Set., 14:8,
1960).
The observations of the Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) on
18 November 1967, is the first record for the state of Arkansas. This bird was
observed swimming among a large group of ducks of mixed species which in-
cluded Gadwalls, American Widgeons, Mallard, and Pintails. The Western
Grebe associated with these ducks but would depart for a short distance from
them at times. Bird verifying documentation of extraordinary sight records
was completed by the writer and sent to Dr. Douglas James at the University
of Arkansas where a permanent file is kept.
A second record for the state of Arkansas was the observing of the Snow
Bunting {Plectrophenax nivalis) at the edge of mud flats of one of the larger
drained ponds. This species was first observed in Arkansas and Collected by
H. H. Shugart and A. P. Parker on 6 November 1959, at Calion, Arkansas. A
skin was prepared and has been placed in the University of Arkansas collection,
UAZ 372 (D. James, Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci., 14:13, 1960). On 15 October
[Voi. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
55
1967, a second state record of the Snow Bunting was made. Several members
of the Northeast Arkansas Audubon Society observed this bird at very close
range. This bird remained until 5 November, when it was last seen by Mrs.
Larry Burns, President of the Northeast Arkansas Audubon Society. Bird veri-
fication and documentation of extraordinary sight records was completed by
the writer and filed with Dr. Douglas James, Department of Zoology, Uni-
versity of Arkansas. A near report of this species, recorded from Tennessee,
was one reported from Presidents Island in the Mississippi River at Memphis,
Tennessee {The Migrant ^ 32:49).
The Snow Bunting observed at the mud flats on the Larry Burns’ farm re-
mained alone most of the time. A few times it was observed mingled with
Savannah Sparrows {Passer ctilus sandwichensis) in the grass tufts at the edge
of the mud flats. These ponds are bordered by dense grass where Savannah
Sparrows could usually be observed. The Snow Bunting remained within a
certain area and could always be flushed from the grassy borders. It would
fly a short distance and light, usually on the mud flats, or on some limb or
twig extending from the mud. The Snow Bunting is conspicuous for its white-
ness— almost pure white below, with satin-like brownish on top of the head
and back, black on the upper wing and wing tips and the center tail feathers.
In flight the wings show large white areas.
During most of the fall migration, large numbers of sandpipers, snipes, and
plovers were present, feeding. These could be found probing in the mud for
food (Table 1).
Several species of ducks and geese used these ponds for resting and feeding.
Shovelers were usually found probing in the shallow pools of the mud flats.
Other species were usually found swimming in the water of the ponds which
were not drained.
Brewer’s Blackbirds {Euphagus cyanocephalus) , rare in northeastern Ar-
kansas, were observed on three occasions in flocks up to 5 0 birds feeding on
the mud flats. Also feeding near the borders of the mud flats was the Water
Pipit {Awthus spinoletta) . These could be found in varying numbers during
most of the fall migration.
Western Meadowlarks {Sturnella neglecta) were found to be more numer-
ous at this location than in any other area in northeastern Arkansas. Most pre-
vious recordings of this species were from Crowley’s Ridge associated with pas-
tures and feed lots (Robert Lowery and Earl L. Hanebrink, Proc. Ark. Acad.
Sci., 21:26-32, 1967).
An unusual sighting of the Lapland Longspur {Calcarms lapponrcns) oc-
curred on 30 December on the 1967 Christmas Bird Census at the same lo-
cation {Audubon Field Notes, 22:299, 1968). Near the edge of one of the
larger mud flats which was bordered by a soybean field over 600 Lapland
Longspurs were observed. These birds flew in large flocks and began feeding in
the cut-over area of the soybean field as the ground was being covered with
snow.
Another unusual sighting from this area was the recording of the Pigeon
Hawk {Falco columbarius) . This single bird remained in the area for approxi-
mately two weeks before the Christmas Bird Census and was recorded on 3 0
December 1967, on the Christmas Bird Count {Atdubon Field Notes 22:299,
1967). Documentary forms were completed and sent to Dr. Douglas James
[VoL. 40, 1969]
56
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
at the University of Arkansas. One previous sight record of this species oc-
curred on Crowley’s Ridge in northeastern Arkansas on 7 March 1965 (Hane-
brink, Doctoral Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, 1965, p. 21).
The flat homogeneous farm lands as typically found in northeastern Ar-
kansas is normally thought to be barren or nearly so for bird watching. With
the creation of a new habitat type several interesting species have been re-
corded. Many of the shorebirds fly through here but seldom stop unless suitable
feeding areas occur. These shallow pools and mud flats have provided adequate
feeding grounds for these birds.
Department of Biology, Arkansas State University, State College, Arkansas
72467.
rVoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
57
SPRING TOWER-KILL IN KNOX COUNTY
By Fred J. Aesop, III and Gary O. Wallace
During the night of 7 May and the early morning hours of 8 May 1969,
several species of passerine birds were killed when they flew into a television
tower in Knox County, Tennessee. The broadcasting tower of WTKV (Chan-
nel 26) is located atop Sharp’s Ridge, elevation 1,28 5 feet above sea level,
within the city of Knoxville. The tower rises 1,073 feet above the crest of the
ridge and is supported by a tripod of cables.
The kill was discovered during the daylight hours of 8 May 1969, by the
station technicians who, in turn, reported it to the Zoology Department of the
University of Tennessee.
TABLE 1
Measurements of Birds Killed At A
Television Tower in Knox County
(All measurements in millimeters,
weights in grams)
Species
!
Length
Extent
j
Wing
Tail
i
1 Bill
1 Tarsus
1
r
Testis
Ovary
1.
E . Wood Pewee
15.1
' 160
264
89
76
! 14
1
R.5X3
L.6X3
2,
Wood Thrush
i i
Mashed
n parkin;
^ lot
1
1
j
3.
Catbird
i 37.0
1 199
257
i 86
93
1 18
31
11X3
4.
Red-eyed Vireo
! 17.1
147
244
! 82
56
12
21
5X3
5.
Red-eyed Vireo
1 17.0 ^
138
241
' 78
53
12
23
7X5
6.
Red-eyed Vireo
1 15.6 1
142
233
; 80
51
12
20
8X3
7.
Red-eyed Vireo
1 17.1 I
144
252
: 82
55
12
21
R.6X4
L.6X4
8.
Red-eyed Vireo
! 1
16.5 i
145
243
i
1 82
i
55
12
21
R.6X4
! L.7X5
9.
Red-eyed Vireo
17.6 '
133
237
1 79
52
13
20
5X2.5
10.
Red-eyed Vireo
17.1 ;
147
246
83
57
12
20
R.6X4
L . 7X4 . 5
11 .
^ ^
Red-eyed Vireo j
1
kashed i
n parkin;
; lot
12. Red-eyed Vireo
flashed i
n parkin;
; lot
1
13.
Black-and-white Warbler
9.3
117
203
67
49
10
17
7X4
14.
B lack-and-White Warbler
11.4 1 121
210
72
49
11
19
8X4
15.
Tennessee Warbler
9.7
1 105
186
63
41 -
11
17
4.5X3
16.
Magnolia Warbler j
8.4
! 116
176
60
48
9
19
6X4
17.
Bay-breasted Warbler
1
10.2 !
u,
214
72
51
13
20
5X3
18.
Bay-breasted Warbler
Male,
Mashed ;
n parkin
; lot
19.
Kentucky Warbler
13.0
114
200
66
48
11
26
6X4
20.
Canada Warbler
10.5
137
195
65
56
10
19
6X3
We arrived at the tower at 5:30 p.m. (EDT) and after a search of the
grounds around the tower we found a total of twenty individuals representing
ten species (see Table 1). It is possible that many other birds could have been
[VoL. 40, 1969]
58
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
TABLE 2
Weather Conditions for Knoxville, Tennessee
6:00 P.M. May 7, Through 6:00 A.M. May 8, 1969
Time
(EDT)
% Cloud
Cover
Ceiling
(Hnds. of
ft.)
Visibility
Temperature
Wind
Direction
Wind Speed
Precipitation
6:00- 9:00 P.M.
80
UNL*
20
80°
West
8
0
9:00-12:00 P.M.
90
CIR**
15
71°
South
7
0
12:00- 3:00 A.M.
100
CIR
15
69°
Southwest
5
i °
3:00- 6:00 A.M.
} 100
6000
15
70®
Southwest
9
i
1 .02
* UNL: unlimited ceiling
** CIR: cirriform clouds of unknown ceiling
overlooked in the rugged terrain surrounding the tower. Almost all of the
dead birds were found in the parking area or lawn adjacent to the tower or on
the wooded down-hill slope just north of the tower. By noting the locations
of the birds in relation to the tower we are given some information as to the
direction of flight (Stoddard and Norris, 1967). In Tennessee, casualties dur-
ing spring migration are less common than in fall migration (Ganier, 1966;
Laskey, 1966). This is the second known kill in the spring at channel 26 tower
(Campbell, 1967, personal contact).
Since weather patterns play a significant role in casualties to migrants, lo-
cal weather conditions for the night of 7 May and early morning hours of
8 May are given in Table 2.
Birds identification confirmed using Chapman, 1939.
Literature Cited
Chapman, F. M. 1939. Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America.
Dover Publications, Inc. New York.
Ganier, A. F. 1966. Some facts learned from nocturnal migration. Mi-
grant, 37: 27-34.
Laskey, Amelia R. 1966. T.V. tower casualties at Nashville: spring and
fall, 1966. Migrant, 37: 61-62.
Stoddard, Sr., H. L. and R. A. Norris. 1967. Bird casualties at a Leon
County, Florida TV tower: An eleven-year study. Bui. No. 8, Tall Timbers
Station, Tallahassee.
Department of Zoology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennes-
see 37916.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
59
BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK IN TENNESSEE
By Fred J. Aesop, III
On 23 March 1969, a Black-headed Grosbeak {Fheucticus melanocephalus)
was observed by Jim Campbell and me at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Orton L.
Duggan, Sr. on Jones Cove Road approximately 9 miles east of Sevierville,
Sevier County, Tennessee. This constitutes the first record of this western
species for the state.
The Duggans first noticed this visitor at their feeders in December, 1968,
or early January, 1969 (an exact date could not be determined). Unable to
identify their "Loner”, as they called it, the Duggans contacted a friend, Mrs.
F. Earle Rankin, Pigeon Forge. With a number of bird books the Duggans and
the Rankins were still unable to find any picture that exactly fitted the bird
and wondered if it could be a hybrid between the Rose-breasted Grosbeak
(Pheucticus ludovicianus) of the East and the Black-headed Grosbeak of the
West. Mrs. Rankin called her cousin Jim
Campbell.
We observed the bird at 8:20 a.m.
(EST) as it approached the Duggans’
active bird-feeders. The sky was sunny
and the temperature was approximately
45°F.
We studied the field marks at a dis-
tance varying from 2 5 feet to 60 feet
for 20 minutes. Campbell used 7 to 12
X 35 zoom binocs, I used 7x35 binocs.
Identification was not difficult as I was
familiar with this species from several
western states. The plumage, however,
was that of a male in the first nuptial
plumage. No popular field guide shows
this plumage and this had caused the
previous problems of the other observers.
The following characteristics were recorded: upper mandible ashy-gray,
lower mandible pale gray to pinkish; broad median coronal stripe buffy cin-
namon bordered laterally with black; a white supraorbital stripe; lores and
auriculars black, auriculars margined with white on ventral side; chin, throat,
nape, breast, sides, flanks, and rump buffy cinnamon; belly lemon-yellow
bordered with buff; back and scapulars buffy with many black streaks; upper
tail-coverts dark brown with large white spots; tail feathers dark brownish
dorsally with central feathers almost black, dark brownish-gray below; outside
vanes of two outer tail feathers tipped with white; under tail-coverts white;
primaries dark brown, secondaries and upper coverts black boldly tipped with
white producing two white wing-bars when wings are folded at rest; under
wing-lining lemon-yellow; legs and feet pinkish-gray.
Because many color photographs were taken to confirm this record, the
grosbeak was not collected. Though the bird came to the Duggans and fed
[VoL. 40, 1969]
60
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
several times daily I was never able to observe it feeding in spite of several
trips and many hours of watching and photographing it. It was at these times
most wary, approaching the feeders through the trees or low in the underbrush,
but never joining the other birds that were busily feeding.
On several occasions I heard it give a loud sharp note indistinguishable
from that of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak, but never any other sounds.
During the weeks that followed other members of the Knoxville Chapter
T.O.S. also observed this bird. It was last seen by Mrs. Duggan at her home
on 24 April 1969.
It is of great interest to note that Ohio recorded its first Black-headed
Grosbeak during this period. On 10 April 1969, an individual in the young
male plumage of the East Tennessee bird appeared at a feeder in Milford, Ohio
and was also photographed.
REFERENCES
Bent, A. C. and collaborators. 1968. Life Histories of North American
Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies. Dover
Publications, Inc. N. Y.
M,aslowski, K. H. 1969. "Black-headed Grosbeak: Milford Man Records
Ohio’s First Sighting.” Cincinnati Enquirer (Sunday, 20 April 1969).
Peterson, R. T. 1941. A Field Guide to Western Birds. Houghton Mifflin
Co. Boston.
Pough, R. H. 1957. Audubon Western Bird Guide. Doubleday & Company,
Inc. Garden City, N. Y.
Robbins, C. S., B. Bruun, & H. S. Zim. 1966. A Guide to Field Identifica-
tion Birds of North America. Golden Press, N. Y.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, 37916.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
61
ROUND TABLE NOTES
AN ALBINO LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE COLLECTED FROM DREW
COUNTY, ARKANSAS — ^An immature complete albino Loggerhead Shrike
(Lanius ludovicianus) was collected on 1 July 1967, by Mr. O. J. Tooley at
Wilmar in Drew County, Arkansas. This specimen has been mounted and is
displayed in the albino case of the Arkansas State University Museum.
The measurements of this immature bird are as follows: total length, 13.5
cm; bill (cord of culmen from base), 1.2 cm; tarsus length, 2.5 cm; length
from the bend of the wing to the tip of wing, 7.5 centimeters. This specimen
was not sexed when the skin was prepared.
A review of the literature shows plumage aberrations to be more common
among waterfowl, game birds, finches, icterids, and members of the family
Corvidae (Ross, Cassinia 50:2-21, 1963). In this paper Ross refers to only
one pure white specimen of the Loggerhead Shrike from his study of skins made
at the various museums. This specimen is housed in the collection at the Na-
tional Museum.
Albinism of North American birds has previously been studied by several
workers (Deane, Bull. NtUt. Orn. Club, 1876, 1879, and 1880; McGregor,
Conder 2:86, 1900; Nero, Ati^k 71:137-15 5, 1954; and Ross, Cassinia 50:2-
21, 1963). There are many published reports of albino birds of a particular
species in books and periodicals. From a review of literature and a check with
various museums this specimen is the second record of albinism for this species.
Earl L. Hanebrink, Arkansas State University.
BRANT AND WHITE-FRONTED GEESE IN EAST TENNESSEE.— In
November 1965, hunters at the Blythe Ferry Goose Management Area killed
single specimens of the Brant {Brant a bernicla) and the White-fronted Goose
{Anser albifrons). The writer was informed of the kills by Mr. Bill Allen,
Waterfowl Biologist for the Tennessee Game and Fish Commission. These
specimens could not be obtained for preservation in the form of study skins
but Mr. Allen took color pictures of them and furnished me with prints. These
prints were examined by me and seemed conclusive. I forwarded them to Mr.
Albert F. Ganier, T.O.S. Curator, who states that he is in agreement and has
filed them in the T.O.S. records. The location where these two birds were
taken is in a managed goose shooting area across the Tennessee river to the
southeast of Hiwassee Island Waterfowl Refuge. The area borders the river for
approximately one mile and has a large slough running into it which divides
the area into two approximately equal segments. The area is covered almost
exclusively by grain fields, with small stands of timber dividing the fields.
With the taking of these new species within the area, it brings to five
the number of species of geese that have been taken there. Canada Geese are
taken regularly and Blue Geese and Snow Geese are encountered by hunters
less frequently. Previously sight records of the Brant are recorded in The Mi-
grant, 26:9, 30:54 and 37:12; of the White-fronted Goose, 16:10, 32:35, and
33:20.
Jon E. DeVore, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson 37343.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
62
THE MIGRANT
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BARNACLE GEESE AT COVE LAKE STATE PARK— On a Knoxville
Chapter T.O.S. field trip, 10 February 1968, two extremely rare geese were
found at Cove Lake State Park (north of Lake City, Tennessee.) The two
Barnacle Geese (Branta leucopsis) are said to be "very likely the rarest North
American birds ever to have been identified in Tennessee”. They nest in
Northeastern Greenland and winter in Europe.
Most of the Knoxville Chapter, including Dr. James T. Tanner, viewed the
two Barnacle Geese. The last date that they were seen was 17 March 1968.
The Park Ranger stated that the Barnacle Geese had been there for several
weeks but he had not been able to identify them. He was able to observe them
since the geese would travel about 500 yards over land to the front of the
park restaurant to feed on corn scattered for them.
On the morning of the T.O.S. field trip, I got a late start and went di-
rectly to the lake thereby missing the excellent view and display by an adult
Bald Eagle at Norris Dam where the more alert club members stopped first,
I was scanning the flock of Canada Geese for the possibility of Brant when
two white faces came into my field of vision. I was using 8 x 40 binoculars.
I saw them as they were just entering the water. I temporarily lost them as
they swam out to mingle with the 200 Canada Geese while I hastened to get
my 3 Ox telescope. However, after a little effort, I was soon able to dis-
tinguish the two smaller Barnacle Geese from the Canadas by their lighter gray
appearance, the more pronounced wavy effect on their backs, black breast
(like the Brant), and the white faces. By the end of day and on later visits,
one could very easily pick out the Barnacle Geese with the naked eye once one
knew for what he was searching.
The honor of first identification belongs to an Oak Ridge school teacher
and artist, George Wilson. He had read J. B. Owen’s column, "For the Birds,”
in the Knoxville Journal which told of the possibility of two Brant being at
the lake (with the heads under wings and far out in the lake, a person seeing
black-breasted geese would think of Brant, which are rare enough). He went
to the lake the same day, found the geese, and sketched them. Upon returning
home, he discovered he had sketched Barnacle Geese. He telephoned Mrs. Paul
Olson, a T.O.S. member from Norris, about his discovery.
Several T.O.S. members considered the possibility that the two Barnacle
Geese escaped from a zoo or a farm. However, according to J. B. Owen’s col-
umn the next week, a tame goose would not be likely to mix so naturally with
the wild geese nor to show the same amount of caution when a person ap-
proaches. I concur in that observation. Also, I would add that the Knoxville
area had several Oldsquaws, White-winged Scoters, and some Greater Scaups
visiting this last winter. These are also coastal waterfowl which seldom come
this far inland. Perhaps the same or some of the conditions which would ex-
plain the presence of these sea ducks could also explain the appearance of the
two Barnacle Geese.
Roger Tory Peterson writes in his A Field Guide to the Birds (not revised
in 20 years) that the Barnacle Goose is "a salt water species that has occurred
almost a score of times on this side of the Atlantic.” There have been five
records in North Carolina, the latest two being in November, 1949 and De-
cember, 1950. According to Birds of North Carolina by T. Gilbert Pearson,
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
63
et.al., the Barnacle Goose prefers to feed on the short grass of coastal meadows.
It received its name because of the old Norse tradition that it was produced
from a barnacle.
Tony Koella, 522 Sycamore Street, Morristown.
BANDED OSPREY IN FRANKLIN COUNTY— On 11 April 1968,
Game and Fish Officer L. H. Sprague brought me a dying Osprey (Pandion
baliaetus) which had been found by Mr. Elijah Bailey on his farm in Hawkins
Cove near Sewanee. This bird bore band no. 558-86137, which was promptly
reported to the Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Population Station,
Laurel, Maryland.
The Osprey succumbed in about 4 hours, during which time it exhibited
several violent shaking chills. Its body was frozen and an effort will be made
to determine the cause of death.
Later that morning, my wife, Jean, watched another Osprey catch a sucker
from a small creek in Hawkins Cove. Eight other hawks, including red-tails,
were seen the previous day in the Sewanee area, apparently utilizing the up-
welling air currents along the high cliffs in their northward migration.
On 23 July 1968, the Fish and Wildlife Service reported that this Osprey
had been banded 11 miles south of Hillman, Michigan (northern Michigan
between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron) as a nestling on 21 July 1963, by
Mr. Sergej Postupalsky. Mr. Postupalsky has written me that it was one of
two young in a nest on a dead snag about 7 feet above the water of Fletcher
Pond. Fletcher Pond is a storage reservoir of about 6,500 acres, with 10 to 15
pairs of Osprey nesting there each year, and 5 to 12 young being raised each
summer since 1962.
It is hoped that this recovery plus other banded bird recoveries will help
establish exact migratory routes for transients nesting in particular areas of
our continent.
The Osprey has been recorded as a fairly regular spring transient in the
Sewanee area from 11 to 21 of April and less regularly in the fall during Oc-
tober.
Dr. Harry C. Yeatman, University of the South, Sewanee 37375.
SANDHILL CRANES IN PICKETT COUNTY— In the late afternoon
of 15 November 1966, my husband saw 66 Sandhill Cranes {Grus canadensis)
flying southward over our home located on the Wolf River Fork of the Dale
Hollow Reservoir. They were flying in a long broken "V”. The sun was
low in the west, partly cloudy with gusts of wind from the south. As they
approached what must have been a strong air current, they started circling
in confusion and gaining altitude. We have noticed other migrating fowl doing
this at this same location. During the confusion nineteen of them left the
flock, circled back over our house and disappeared behind the bluff. We were
unable to observe these because of approaching darkness.
The following morning at 0915, my husband called me at work to say
that the cranes were leaving and heading in my direction. There were nineteen
in this group, low enough to see, without binoculars, the long outstretched
necks and the legs out behind. They were again in "V” formation, calling ex-
citedly and fighting a gusty wind to gain altitude.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
64
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
For approximately ten years we have been making casual observations, us-
ing 7x35 binoculars, of migrating Sandhill Cranes using this route. In the
fall of 1966, I started keeping records of dates, weather conditions, and di-
rection of flights.
From the notes I have kept I have drawn the following conclusions: mi-
gration starts early in the spring (my earliest observation being 5 M,arch
1969) ; they call frequently while in flight, at night as well as day, and I have
verified calls at night by immediately listening to sound recordings on the
National Geographic Society’s, "Water Prey and Game Birds”; they fly on
cloudy, windy days as well as clear and calm days, taking advantage of
thermals for soaring; they fly in flocks of from 30 to 100, almost always us-
ing a "V” formation ( Walkinshaw’s The Sandhill Cranes, p. 30, also gives the
flight formation as usually a "V”; sometimes in lines, wavy and irregular, or
diagonal; sometimes in haphazard formation). Overnight roosting, feeding or
resting in this vicinity has not been reported, except in the aforementioned
incident, although I have heard local residents mention having seen "brown
cranes” in the river bottom fields.
In Ocala National Forest, Fla., my husband and I observed at least 33 in
flight on 12 March 1965. On 13 October 1965, we saw two feeding in a
marshy pond; two days later we found ten at this same pond and were able
to watch them at close range, using 7x35 binoculars. Most of these were ad-
ults, showing the red patch in the forehead.
The following is a list of dates and numbers of cranes I have observed in
Pickett County: 15 November 1966 (66); 10 March 1968 (31); 21 October
1968, unknown number heard before daybreak; 5 March 1969 (56), in two
loose V’s, shifting to form one long irregular "V”; 14 March 1969 (51) in
two V’s, eventually forming one long loose "V”.
Robbie Hassler, Box 1, Byrdstown 3 8 549.
LARGE FLIGHT OF SANDHILL CRANES AT CHATTANOOGA—
On the evening of 9 November 1968, the writer, along with Mrs. Mark E. De-
Vore, Mrs. Donna Turner, and Mr. James A. Garrett observed a flight of 276
Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) . The location of the sighting was the writ-
er’s home, which is located approximately one mile due north of Chickamauga
Dam. When first seen at 6:49 p.m., the birds were flying in a long line, wing
tip to wing tip, in a southwesterly direction, parallel to the Tennessee River.
The altitude at which the birds were flying was estimated to be between 400
and 45 0 feet. After having flown approximately one-half mile down the river
course (SW), the birds began a turn back up-river to a northeasterly direction
and changed their flight pattern from a straight line to a distinct V-shape.
The line of flight of the birds then brought them directly over the observers
and an accurate count was made of their number. Once beyond the observers’
location, the birds began to alternately flap their wings and then glide, all the
while maintaining the V-formation and the northeasterly direction of flight
back toward the lake. Due to the fast declining light conditions, the birds
passed from sight about one mile from the observers at 6:5 5 p.m. It should be
noted that all four observers heard the birds well before and after they were
visible with the binoculars. To this writer it seemed as if most of the birds
were calling almost continuously, with their clamor when directly overhead
being almost deafening. It could be speculated that in the poor light, especially
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
6S
with the absence of star or moon light due to a cloud cover and the fact there
are a great number of lights around Chickamauga Dam and adjacent areas,
the birds’ actions represented the fact that they were confused and for the
moment lost.
A check of Walkinshaw’s article on the migration of the Sandhill Crane
(T^e Wilson Bulletin, 72:358-3 84) and all issues of The Migrant since that
date reveals this flight of Sandhill Cranes to be the largest single group of this
species recorded at one time within the state of Tennessee.
All observations were made with 7x50 Bausch & Lomb and 7x35 Mira-
kel binoculars.
Jon E. DeVore, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson 37343.
WILLETS AND WILSON’S PHALAROPE NEAR NASHVILLE— Dur-
ing the course of making the annual spring census about Nashville, on 26
April 1969, a flock of 3 3 Willets were observed in the Cumberland River Bot-
toms about 22 miles northwest of Nashville. From their light color and as-
signed range, I assume these to have been the Western Willet {Catoptrophorus
semipahnatus inornatus) , rather than the Atlantic coast race. Our party was
closing out the day in late p.m. and other cars had gone ahead when Ben
Groce and I, in the last car, caught sight of the flock alighting in the grass
at the far side of a backwater slough in a pasture. We were able to approach
them to within 200 feet and observe them at leisure. They were not feeding
but Stood quietly as though resting from a long flight. Occasionally, one would
extend its wings upward as though to show the black and white wing pattern
beneath. There are 4 former local records for the Willet: 22 April (1), 2 5
April (1), 27 April (7), and 28 April (1).
On 1 May, five days later, I revisited the same place accompanied by Dr.
Charles Farrell and David Lee, one of his biology students. We found a single
Willet standing quietly on a mud flat and about 150 yards away, on the same
mud flat, a Lesser Yellowlegs and a small and very active shorebird. The two
were quite congenial and fed close together, there being no other shorebirds
except the Willet in the vicinity. The small bird did not conform to any of
our usual visitants and at the distance we had some trouble being certain of
its markings although we were finally able to identify it with the aid of our
bird guide. We could not approach closer because of the stretch of intervening
water but fortunately both birds arose and, flying about together, circled and
alit about 100 feet away, where the Willet had been. The smaller one was then
easily verified as a Wilson’s Phalarope (Stegnanopus tricolor). Birds of this
species which I had observed feeding during the breeding season in the North-
west, were either swimming or wading in water rather than on mud flats.
There are two former records for this species in the area: 1 on 3 May 1954, by
C. M. Weise and the other on 12 Augustl966, by H. E. Parmer who describes
its actions in The Migrant, 37:58.
Albert F. Ganier, 2112 Woodlawn Dr., Nashville 37212.
WESTERN TANAGER IN DYER COUNTY— On the clear morn-
ing of 23 April 1969 at 7 a.m., I was bird watching from a west window
with 6 X 30 binoculars, when I saw a flash of yellow in an elm tree about
fifty feet away. Soon I could see an orangish red face emerging through the
[VoL. 40, 1969]
66
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
leaves and I expected to see a changing Scarlet Tanager emerge. Then the bird
came into full view with his brilliant yellow body, red head, black tail and
black wings with very definite wing-bars, and black across his back connecting
the upper part of his wings. I was able to watch him for about three minutes,
before he flew away. The next morning at 6 a.m. I was at the same window
and saw the bird in the same elm tree. I called my son, Russell, to come and
look. He also had a very satisfactory look at the bird, which he and I identi-
fied as a Western Tanager {Piranga ludoviciana) , using Peterson’s Field Guide
to the Birds and Birds of North America by Robbins, Bruun and Zim as our
references. Mrs. C. K. G. Sumara of Tiptonville said that a pair of Western
Tanagers were seen in Reelfoot State Park in 1963.
Celia Hudson, Lattawoods, Dyersburg 3 8024.
WHIP-POOR-WILL FORAY— Six Elizabethton Chapter T.O.S. members
conducted a Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus) count on the evening of
30 May 1969. The route followed was graveled Forest Service Route 87, which
lies in Carter and Sullivan Counties along the north slope of South Holston
Mountain. The count began at the south shore of South Holston Lake at 8:H
p.m. EST and proceeded for H.2 miles to a point about 0.5 miles north of
Biltmore, Carter County, where the count ended at 10:07 p.m. EST. The area
covered is primarily wooded mountain slope interspersed with recently cleared
areas. The elevation of the area ranges from approximately 1700 to 2400 feet.
Stops, as in previous counts, were made for about one minute at half-mile
intervals. The weather was clear and warm with no wind. The moon was full.
A new high of 112 Whip-poor-wills was recorded. Previous counts, with total
birds noted on each count in parenthesis, are as follows: 24 April 1959 (56);
18 May 1962 (73); 13 May 1965 (69); 2 June 1966 (39); 21 June 1967
(45); {The Migrant 38:41) and 10 June 1968 (85). All of these counts fol-
lowed the route and procedure described above. Two Barred Owls (Strix varia)
were also heard on this year’s count. The following observations have been
made concerning the calling of Whip-poor-wills: (1) more birds are heard on
moonlit nights than are heard on non-moonlit nights or when clouds cover the
moon, (2) more birds are heard in open areas than in wooded areas, and (3)
more birds are heard on the nights when the wind is not blowing. Observations
(1) and (2) probably result from preference of the birds. It is hard to tell,
however, whether observation (3) results from bird preference or from the
inability of the listener to hear well under windy conditions.
William A. Bridgforth, Jr., 501 Laurel Avenue, Johnson City 37601.
BARN SWALLOWS NESTING IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUN-
TAINS NATIONAL PARK. — Barn Swallows {Hirundo rustica) have been
observed in the Great Smoky Mountains with some regularity since 193 5. Ar-
thur Stupka in his "Notes on the Birds of the Great Smoky Mountains Na-
tional Park” (p. 98-99, Univ. of Tennessee Press, 1963) reports this swallow
is an uncommon spring and fall migrant and may be a rare summer resident
in the park. Stimson (Stupka, 1963) observed 2 Barn Swallows in Cades Cove
on 7 June 195 8, but reported no nest.
On 20 June 1969, at 5:20: p.m. (EDT), I watched two adult Barn Swal-
lows hawking over the yard and fields adjacent to the Becky Cable house in
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
67
Cades Cove, Blount Co. Tenn. As these birds caught insects they flew to a
nearby cantilever barn. There I observed them feeding four fully-feathered
juveniles in a nest placed on a rafter 15 feet above the ground. This consti-
tutes the first nesting record of this species for the park.
On 2 5 June 1969, the four youngsters had left the nest and were sitting
about two feet from it on the rafter which supported it. From this date on I
never saw them enter the nest again. The adults fed them where they found
them on the rafter. In succeeding days the fledglings moved farther and far-
ther from the nest and onto adjacent beams. They were present in the barn
until 1 July 1969.
On 2 July 1969, the four young and the two adults were observed flying
and feeding over the fields near the barn. They remained in the area until the
first week of September.
Other nests were searched for after the first discovery. Though not all
structures in the cove could be thoroughly searched. Barn Swallows, both
adults and individuals in juvenile plumages, were observed near four other
structures in the cove.
On 21 June 1969, an abandoned nest was found in a hay barn on the
Shield’s place in the cove. Six Barn Swallows, of which two were adults, were
flying over nearby fields.
Doug Pratt, seasonal ranger-naturalist, (personal contact) reported Barn
Swallows also nested near the Oconaluftee visitor center on the North Caro-
lina side of the park this summer.
Fred J. Alsop, III, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
68
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The months of May, June, and July were all dry, with precipitation av-
eraging as much as two inches below normal in some areas. Temperature read-
ings were essentially average for the period, with May and June being some-
what cooler than normal, and July being a little warmer than usual. The
higher temperatures and lower rainfall combined to make July a rather hot, dry
month across the state.
The summer season was not especially outstanding with respect to obser-
vations of birds. The Osprey and Tree Swallow from the Ridge and Valley Re-
gion are note-worthy nesting records, along with the Red-cockaded Wood-
pecker from the Central Plateau and Basin Region. Records of the Song Spar-
row during the breeding season appear to be more numerous from the Plateau
and Basin Region, where this species does not normally nest. Other notable
observations include the Willet at Nashville, White-rumped Sandpiper at Aus-
tin Springs (Ridge and Valley), and summer records of the Ring-billed Gull
and Black Tern at Watauga Lake (Mountain Region).
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEGIO^— Herons -Sparrows: Little Blue
Heron: 17 May (2), 24 May (1). Golden- winged Warbler: 12 May (1). Pine
Warbler: throughout season at two locations, two birds at each location.
Mourning Warbler: 22 May (1), singing. Wilson’s Warbler: 12 May (2). Blue
Grosbeak: feeding young at two locations.
All observations from Savannah area.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN KEGIO^—Herons-Woodpeckers:
Great Blue Heron: 27 July (2) ACM (JHR). Little Blue Heron: 27 July,
peak (10) ACM, 14-2 5 July (1) both (JHR). Common Egret: 27 July (1)
ACM (JHR). Black-crowned Night Heron: 15 July (15-|-) BV (JHR).
Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 18 July, peak (8) BV (JHR). Canada Geese:
22 July (15) banded and marked birds from nesting site of Game & Fish far-
ther up OHL (LOT). Wood Duck: 29 June (73), 21 July (2) with small
young, other records of young May, June, July, all RL (MCW, JHR). Sharp-
shinned Hawk: all May BT (RH). Red-shouldered Hawk: (2-4) all period
BT (RH). Broad-winged Hawk: (2-4) all period BT (RH), 5 July (1) SHV
(JHR). King Rail: 3 June, nest (3) eggs GP (KHD). American Coot: 5
June (1) RL (MCW). Killdeer: to 21 July NA (JHR, LOT, HEP). Spotted
Sandpiper: 27 July (1) LD (RTH). Solitary Sandpiper: 16 July (1), 18
July, peak (4) ACM (JHR). Willet: 1 May (1) ACM (AFG), 13 May (3)
LD (RTH). Least Sandpiper: 9 May (2) OHL (LOT). Red-cockaded Wood-
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
69
pecker: 9 May, pair incubating Catoosa (KHD, Ken and Jan Leggett), 1 June,
adult feeding (2) young PSP (RH).
Flycatchers-Waxwings: Eastern Kingbird: all season LD (RTH), above
normal west NA (HEP). Acadian Flycatcher: nesting LD (RTH), below nor-
mal NA. Traill’s Flycatcher: 17 May (3) WB (MCW). Olive-sided Fly-
catcher: 3 May (1) WC (MCW), 20 May (1) H (HCM). Purple Martin: 25
occupied boxed BT (RH), 21 June (84) LD (RTH), 24 June (200) Man-
chester (MCW), 5 July late nest fledged WB (MCW), scarce NA. Bewick’s
Wren: 8 July (6) LD (RTH), early May only BT (RH), scarce NA. Swain-
son’s Thrush: 19 May (1) H (AT). Veery: 14-17 May (1) H (AT). Cedar
Waxwing: 22 May (6) BV (JHR), 22 June (4) "feeding like flycatchers”
BT (RH).
Warhlers-Sparrows: Magnolia: 19 May (1) H (HCM). Cape May: 2 May
(1) H (AT). Myrtle: 13 May (1) RL (MCW). Black- throated Green: 1, 22
June PSP (RH), 12 May (1) H both (AT) (GRM). Blackburnian: 12-13
May (1) H (AT). Chestnut-sided: 13 May (2) H (HCM) Blackpoll: 4
May (1) H (AT). Pine: 1 June, gathering nesting material, 6-22 June, sing-
ing PSP (RH). Ovenbird: 1 June common PSP (RH). Mourning: 1 May (1)
RL (AT), 24 M,ay (1) H (CWF, fide ARL). Wilson’s: 12 May (2) RL
(MCW) . Canada: 12 May (2) RL (MCW) , 23 May (1) H Columbia
(GRM). Scarlet Tanager: (2) nesting pair BT (RH) ; 29 May (2), 9 June
(1) LD (RTH). Summer Tanager: pair feeding young, assisted by pair Wood
Thrushes BT {fide RH) ! Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 22 May (1) H (SB). Blue
Grosbeak: 7 June thru period (1) LD (RTH), 19 June (2) Tullahoma
( MCW ) , 2 May (1) SHV ( HEP ) , 17 June thru period (6 -j“) with nest
and (4) young 26 July Bellevue (PJM) ; 6 June (2) NT (JHR), 1 July (1)
RL (LOT), 21 July (1) H (HCM). Dickcissel: 24 May (1) NT (JHR),
24 June (11) CC (KHD), only reports. Evening Grosbeak: 5 May (3), last
wintering birds H (PJM); 7 May (3) LD (RTH). Grasshopper Sparrow: 24
June (10) CC, GC (KHD), 19 June (1) Tullahoma (MCW). Lark Sparrow:
6 May (1) LD (RTH). White-crowned Sparrow: 12 May (2) H (FM), 13
May (2) LD (RTH). White- throated Sparrow: 16 May (1) WB (MCW),
5 May (3) H (HCM). Song Sparrow: thru period three locations BT (RH),
23 June (3) Tracy City (KHD), (3) pair CK thru period fide (MW), 22
June thru 13 July (1) McMinnville (MCW).
Locations: ACM — Ashland City Marsh, BV — Buena Vista, BT — Byrdstown,
CC — -Coffey Co., CK — Cookeville, GP — Goose Pond, GC — Grundy Co., H —
Home Area, LD — Lilydale, NA — Nashville Area, NT — Old Natchez Trace
Rd., OHL — ^Old Hickory Lake, PSP — ^Pickett State Park, RL — Radnor Lake,
SHV — South Harpeth Valley, WC — Warren Co., WB — ^Woodbury.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, KHD — Kenneth Dubke, CWF — Clara Fentress,
AFG — Albert Ganier, RH — ^Robbie Hassler, RTH — Roy Hinds, ARL — ^Ame-
lia Laskey, GRM — George Mayfield Jr., PJM — Pauline J. Miller, FM — Fanny
Murphy, HEP — Henry Parmer, JHR — John and Heather Riggens, AT — Anne
Tarbell, LOT— Laurence Trabue, MW— Marie White, MCW— Mary Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY KEGIO^—Grebes-Ospreys: Pied-
billed Grebe: 24 June (1) HRA (KD). Little Blue Heron: 23 July (1) K
[VoL. 40, 1969]
70
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
(BL). Common Egret: 24 June (1) HR (KD). Black-crowned Night Heron:
4 May (1) AM (KD), 5 July (2) AS (PR, CRS). Least Bittern: two nests
AM (KD). American Bittern: 1, 6, 10 June (1-3) AM (KD). Lesser Scaup:
18 May (1) AS (WC, TH, PR, CRS). Canada Goose: through period (3)
HRA (KD). Bald Eagle: 26 May (1) ND (FO), 20 July (1) ChL (JD).
Osprey: 1 active nest, ChL (KD), 2 active nests WBL (JMC). (none fledged
in any nest).
^heasants-Flycatchers: Ring-necked Pheasant: 31 May (1 hen, 4 young)
CC (JMC, MW). King Rail: two nests, AM (KD). White-rumped Sandpiper:
18, 19 June (1) AS (WC, CRS). Ring-billed Gull: last 16 May (1) HRS
(KD, RB). Black Tern: 28 July (2) HRA (KD). Barn Owl: through period
(2) AM (JD, KD). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 12 May (1) K (BL). Traill’s
Flycatcher: 16 May (1) K (FA), 16 May through period (2 active nests)
HRA (RB, KD). Least Flycatcher: 12 May (1) K (BL).
Swallows- J uncos: Tree Swallow: through period (5 nests) ND (BJ).
Bank Swallow: 16, 18, 26 June (1) (AS (WC, CRS). Warbling Vireo:
through period (2) K (JMC). Blue-winged Warbler: all through June (1) CB
(KD). Mourning Warbler: 15 May (1) K (FA). Wilson’s Warbler: 12 May
(1) K (BL). Evening Grosbeak: last 22 May (1) JC (LH). Pine Siskin:
last 7 May (1) ND (FO). Grasshopper Sparrow: 15, 16 May (2) HRA (RB,
KD). Slate-colored Junco: last 17 May (1) K (FA).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, AS — Austin Springs, CB — Chickamauga
Battlefield, Ga., CC — Campbell County, JC — Johnson City, ChL — Chicka-
mauga Lake, HRA — ^Hiwassee River Area, K — Knoxville, ND — Norris Dam,
WBL— Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: FA — ^Fred Alsop, RB — Ralph Bullard, Jr., JMC — ^James M..
Campbell, WC— Wallace Coffey, JD— Jon DeVore, KD— Ken Dubke, LH—
Lois Herndon, TH — Tim Hawk, BJ — Ben Jaco, BL — Beth Lacy, FO^ — Frances
Olson, PR — Pete Range, CRS — ^Chas. R. Smith, MW — ^Morris Williams.
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Egret-Raven: Common Egret: 5, 7
June (1) WaL (WAB, LRH, PR). Turkey: 8 July (9) KMA (BY). Spotted
Sandpiper: 24 May (1) TN (FA). Ring-billed Gull: 5 June (1) WaL (WAB,
LRH, PR). Black Tern: 7 June (1) WaL (PR). Barred Owl: 24 May (1)
CG (FA), throughout July (5) RHM (FA), 18 July (2) RM (WAB, CRS).
Saw-whet Owl: 25 May (2) MO (FA). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 4 May (1)
E (LRH). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 24 May (1) AR (FA), 26 July (1) HC
(MS). Raven: 24 May (4) NG (FA), 26 June (2) RM, 20 July (1) RM.
Creeper-Junco: Brown Creeper: 21 May (1) E (LRH), 24 May (3) CD
(FA), 22 June (2) CD (FA). Swainson’s Warbler: 24 May (1) LC (JMC),
1 June (1) WS (FA). Blue Grosbeak: 1 June (1) CC (FA), first June rec-
ord for The Smokies. Evening Grosbeak: 1 May (30) MC (WC, TMH), 15
May (4) E (LRH). Pine Siskin: 24 May (15) CD (FA), 14 June (1) RM
(CRS). Red Crossbill: 14 June (3) RM (CRS), 22 June (7) CD (FA).
Vesper Sparrow: 4 June (1) CR (JMC). Slate-colored Junco: 9 June (3) HM
(WC, TMH), first known summer record for Sullivan Co.
Locations: AR — Arch Rock, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, CC —
Cades Cove, GSMNP, CD — Clingman’s Dome, GSMNP, CG — Collins Gap,
GSMNP, CR — Cataloochie Ranch, N. C., E — Elizabethton, HC— Heaton
Creek, HM — Holston Mtn., KMA — Kettlefoot Wildlife Management Area,
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
71
LC — Laurel Creek, GSMNP, MC — Mountain City, MO — Morton Overlook,
GSMNP, NG — Newfound Gap, GSMNP, RHM — Rich Mtn., TN — Townsend,
WaL — Watauga Lake, WLL — Wilbur Lake, WS — White Oak Sinks, GSMNP.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, WAB — ^Bill Bridgforth, JMC^ — Jim Campbell,
WC — Wallace Coffey, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, TMH — Tim Hawk, PR — Pete
Range, CRS — Charles R. Smith, MS — Maxie Swindell, BY — Bill Yambert.
Charles R. Smith, Route 2, Johnson City 37601.
IN MEMORIAM
Otho C. Ault
It is almost a year now since Dr. Otho C. Ault left our known world
(Sept. 1, 1968, to be exact), but we never walk among our irises, so many of
which came from his and "Miss Gertrude’s” garden, but that we think of him
—or when we tend the oakleaf lettuce, or check the growth of the red buck-
eye.
Although he taught economics for many years, he was a "born” botanist —
no green growing thing escaped his eye or interest. His vegetable garden was
a thing of beauty and a joy to all the lucky recipients of its products. He was
most generous with the fruits of his efforts.
One of the fine things he did for our Nashville T.O.S. Chapter was to
locate and classify the wildf lowers of our Two Jays sanctuary. He was also
treasurer of the Two Jays Fund.
Dr. Ault was born in Van Wert County, Ohio, received his A.B. degree
from Defiance College, his Masters from the University of Chicago, and his
Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. He taught four years at the Uni-
versity of Florida before joining the Peabody faculty in Nashville in 1919. He
retired in 1947. He was the author of several textbooks and, to quote the
Nashville Banner of Sept. 2, 1968, "He was one of the most colorful teachers
at Peabody during its period of greatest growth.”
He enjoyed his retirement for he had so many hobbies, chief among them
nature study. He was always on the alert for something new to him in the
world of nature, and he enthusiastically shared his discoveries with others.
— Kirby and Ellen Stringer
Robert J. Dunbar
Friends and T.O.S. members lost an active member and companion in the
death of Bob Dunbar in April, 1969. He lived life to the fullest and proved
that you were never too old to enjoy new adventures. Before coming to Oak
Ridge, Tennessee in October, 1942, as the first civilian to set up operations for
the Manhattan Project, he had already completed many milestones. A Navy
veteran of World War I, he worked his way through college to become dis-
tinguished in the field of engineering. While living in Oak Ridge, he was an
active citizen, organizing the Oak Ridge Sportsman’s Club, being an advisor
[VoL. 40, 1969]
72
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
to an Explorer Boy Scout Troop, ardent bird student and participant in bird
counts, and a proficient marksman. He enjoyed the hobby of collecting and
assembling antique guns and was a three- time National Champion in muzzle-
loading pistols. He continues to hold the national record for the ball and cap
revolver for 50 yards.
After the death of his wife, Clara, in 1963, he renewed his interest in
photography and became a world traveler. His trips took him to East Africa,
Japan, the Amazon basin, Lapland and the Scandinavian countries, two trips
to Antarctica, Easter Islands, Galapagos Islands, Alaska and many of our own
United States, several of these trips in the company of Roger Tory Peterson.
Bob Dunbar contributed much to Knoxville Chapter T.O.S. and his fellowship
and participation in programs and club activities are already missed. But we
are all much richer in that we shared a part of his life just in knowing him.
— Mrs. George W. McGown
Jennie Riggs
Miss Jennie Riggs, naturalist, conservationist, ornithologist, and serologist,
left her mark on the lives of many when she past to her reward in March
1969. She was born in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky which pro-
vided a natural setting for what was to become her primary interest, the great
outdoors and all that nature had to offer.
An inspiring naturalist, ever ready to share with others her knowledge
gained by study and field trips, she became widely known as a leader in the
field of animal and plant life. Becoming a member of the Tennessee Ornitho-
logical Society some twenty years ago, she held various offices during the
period. Almost in keeping with the old slogan " — rain nor snow nor storm or
night — ” it could be said of Miss Jennie that she stood ready at all times to
assist someone with bird study or go on a field trip. She found considerable
contentment in just getting out where she could commune with nature and
get away from the rigors of the every-day routines.
At the time of her death. Miss Jennie had accumulated a priceless library
which was donated to the Childrens Museum at Nashville. This was another
of many marks of her generous spirit — that of sharing with others— not only
her knowledge on many subjects, but also of what she had been able to ac-
cumulate of the world’s goods.
She was a conservationist in the truest sense of the word. Streams, forests
and their environs were of genuine interest to her and whether at work or play,
she was ever conscious of making the most use of what she had.
As Chief of the State of Tennessee Serology Laboratory from its inception
in 1934 until her death, she constantly employed techniques and procedures
resulting in rapid growth, outstanding success, and the eventual attainment of
an enviable rating in the U.S.
Finally, the plant life, the birds, the mountains and streams echo her senti-
ments— God created it all and put it here for our pleasure. Let us therefore
protect as well as enjoy it.
— Frances Abernathy
[VoL. 40, 1969]
PPIEPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders- Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts- Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8^x11” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in "continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted-
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request- Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be
through the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate
departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside
front cover.
CONTENTS
Fall Migrants Associated with Fish Ponds Mud Flats.
Earl L. Hanebrink 5 3
Spring Tower-kill in Knox County.
Fred J. Akop, III and Gary O. Wallace 57
Black-headed Grosbeak in Tennessee. Fred /. Alsop, 111 59
Round Table Notes
An Albino Loggerhead Shrike Collected from Drew County Arkansas.
Earl L. Hanebrink 61
Brant and White-fronted Geese in East Tennessee. ]ohn E. DeVore .... 61
Barnacle Geese at Cove Lake State Park. Tony Koella 62
Banded Osprey in Franklin County. Harry C. Yeatman 63
Sandhill Cranes in Pickett County. Kobbie Hassler 63
Large Flight of Sandhill Cranes at Chattanooga. Jon E. DeVore 64
Willets and Wilson’s Phalarope Near Nashville. Albert F. Ganier 65
Western Tanager in Dyer County. Celia Hudson 65
Whip-poor-will Foray. William A. Bridgforth, ]r. 66
Barn Swallows Nesting in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Fred J. Alsop, III 66
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 68
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Patterson 68
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 68
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 69
Eastern Mountain Region. Charles R. Smith 70
In Memoriam
Otho C. Ault. Kirby and Ellen Stringer 71
Robert J. Dunbar. Mrs. George W. McGown 71
Jennie Riggs. Frances Abernathy 71
QU/IRTER.LY OQURNflL
ro TEN NESSEK. BIRDS
r littlislicd ^ ^
THETENNESSEE
ORNITHOLOGICAL
L SOCIETY J
APk 1 4 1970 )
'''vA'tiRARSS;3,^«
[ECEMBER
VOL. 40, NO. 4
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
“STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixson, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Tahwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Over brook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS- AT-LARGE :
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Gsrresponding membership
(out of state). Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Preston
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 40 DECEMBER, 1969 NO. 4
A STUDY OF FALL MIGRATORY BIRD POPULATIONS
IN SEWAGE PONDS
By Earl L. Hanebrink and Allen Rhodes
Introduction
This study of waterfowl and associated shorebirds was conducted on
sewage lakes in Craighead County, Arkansas during the Fall migration begin-
ning on 20 September, and terminating on 13 December. The census area
consists of three lakes of 56 acres surface area (Fig. 1). The largest lake is
40 acres and the smaller two of 8 acres each. These lakes are located 0.4
miles south of Highway 63 and 0.1 mile from the city limits of Nettleton,
in a primarily agricultural area. There are fields devoted to crops on the
northwest and southeast sides of the lakes with open woods and farm lots
on the other two sides. The fields are primarily planted in soybeans and
cotton and the open woods have stands of oaks {Qiiercm spp.) with Broom-
sedge {Andropogoit virginicus) and Johnson Grass {Sorghum vulgare) inter-
mingled with other common weeds and grasses.
These sewage disposal lakes serve primarily as a resting stop for migra-
tory birds during the spring and fall migration since little food is readily
available in the area. There is neither an adequate area of exposed mud flats
for shorebirds nor an area of flooded timber where ducks or shorebirds might
feed. The lakes support a very high population of algae and zooplankton
which provide food for certain aquatic bird species.
Methods
Migratory birds associated with these sewage lakes were counted two or
three times each week during the Fall of 1968. Total counts were made by
using 7x5 0 binoculars and telescope during the early morning or late
afternoon starting on 20 September, and terminating on 13 December.
A total of 40 counts were made during the four months and summarized
in Table 1.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
74
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
Results and Discussion
Populations and species composition fluctuated considerably during the
fall migration. This fluctuation was usually correlated with weather condi-
tions. The main migration can be seen from Table 1 to be concentrated in
the first week in November, with numbers gradually declining in the follow-
ing weeks. A very high population on 25 September is accounted for in
part by the foggy overcast which gave poor visibility causin,g many flocks
to sit down on the lakes until better weather occurred.
A total of 3 5 species of birds associated with these sewage lakes were
sighted in 40 trips made to the area. A maximum of 17 species was seen
on 6 November, and a low of four species on the 6, 9, and 13 of December.
Total numbers ranged from a high of 631 on 6 November, to a low of 1 5
on 30 September. Most unusual for this area were the sighting of the
Horned and Eared Grebes (Podiceps auritus and P. caspicus). Sixteen species
of ducks used these lakes. Five species of gulls and terns were recorded.
Immature Little Blue Herons {Florida caertdea) , most likely from the Luxora
Heronry iin Mississippi County, traveled over 5 0 miles to this area from
their nesting location and were observed feeding along the levees of the
sewage ponds.
rVoL. 40. 1969]
NUi-BEIi OF BIRDS SIGHTED AT Ei^.CH OBSERVATION
1969
THE MIGRANT
75
OJ CNi ^ O
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[VOL. 40.
1969]
Pectoral Sandpiper
Sanderling
TABLE I (continued)
76
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
1 1 1
i 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 t
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
'll
01
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 i
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 I
i 1 1 1 1
1 1 CM 1 CM
1 1 1 ^
1 1 1 ^ 1
1 1
1 1
1 ! 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 (
1 1 1 1 1
i 1 1 1 1
6
3
20
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 i 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1 I t 1 1
i t 1 1 1
-4- 1 nO ! CM
1 t 1 1 t
1 1
i 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 t 1 1 1
1 -r- 1 CA
till)
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
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(Voi. 40, 1969]
Ring-billed Gull
Franklin's Gull
Bonaparte's Gull
1969
THE MIGRANT
77
TABLE II
FREQUENCY AND HIGHEST NU>®ER PER SPECIES IN CME COURT
Maine of Bird
Freiuency
H. Eo./Uay
Comiuon Loon 1
Horned Grebe 5
Eared Grebe 1 1
Pied-billed Grebe 9
Little Blue Heron 4
5
7
1
12
5
Blue Goose 1
Mallard 1 0
Gadwall 20
Pintail 5
Green-winged Teal 7
1
40
76
27
17
Blue-winged Teal
23
American V-idgeon
17
Shoveler
38
Rood Duck
1
Redhead
13
406
33
50
5
21
Ring-necked Duck
26
Canvasback
11
Lesser Scaup
26
Bufflehead
5
Ruddy Duck
34
82
10
365
2
104
Hooded Merganser 2 2
Red-breasted Merganser 3 1 0
Karsh Hawk 1 1
Osprey 1 1
American Coot 25 1 97
Kildeer 29 31
Common Snipe 2 2
Spotted Sandpiper 7 3
Solitary Sandpiper 2 2
Greater Yellowlegs 1 1
Pectoral Sandpiper 1
Sanderling 1
Ring-billed Gull 2
Franklin's Gull 2
Bonaparte's Gull 1
&
1
3
1
4
Forster's Tern 1
Black Tern 1
Belted Kingfisher 2
1
2
1
[Voi, 40, 1969]
78
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
Frequency and highest number of each ispecies is presented in Table 2.
Species with the highest frequency were the Shoveler (38), Ruddy Duck
(34), Killdeer (29), Ring-jiecked Duck (26), Lesser Scaup (26), and
American Coot (25). The largest number of a species recorded on a single
count was 406 Blue-winged Teal recorded on 2 5 September.
Acknowledgments
Dr. Bob Johnson and Kenneth Beadles of the Department of Biology,
Arkansas State University critically read the manuscript.
Addendum
Three additional species of ducks were recorded from the sewage ponds
during the 1969 fall migration. One male Oldsquaw {Clangula hyemalis) was
observed on these ponds from 2 5 November until 30 November 1969. There
are few records of this species recorded for the state. Two male White-winged
Scoters {Melanitta deglandi) were observed on these ponds from 2 November
until 26 November 1969. The Common Scoter {Oidema nigra) was also ob-
served at this location. Two females were observed from 28 October until
3 0 October 1969. This sighting is a state record for this species (D. James,
personal communication). Verifying documentation of extraordinary sight
records were completed and sent to Dr. Douglas James at the University of
Arkansas where a permanent file is kept for the state. This species was first
seen by Mrs. John Ellis and several members of the Northeast Arkansas Audu-
bon Society had the opportunity to observe this record. Species of Scoter ducks
are rarely recorded this far inland from coastal areas. There are very few rec-
ords of the White-winged Scoter in Arkansas (D. James, Proc. Ark. Acad.
Sr/., 18: 20-30, 1964). Arkansas now has records of the White-winged Scoter,
the Surf Scoter and the Common Scoter .
Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72467.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
79
AUTUMN 1969 T. V. TOWER CASUALTIES
AT NASHVILLE
By Amelia R. Laskey
The collection of T. V. Tower casualties in autumn 1969 in Nashville
was well organized under the leadership of M. L. Bierly, starting in late
August and continuing until mid-Novemher with the help of several others.
The birds were brought to me, counted, listed and then frozen for future
studies.
The first casualty was a Kentucky Warbler on 22 Aug. The total number
killed was 1,909 of 70 species — 307 (51 species) at WSIX and 1,602 (57
species) at WSM.
Excepting a Starling on 7 Sept, and an American Redstart on 10 Sept.,
no birds were found until 18 Sept, when 62 were gathered at the two
towers and on 19 Sept, a total of 200. Northerly winds, subnormal mean
temperatures, overcast skies and a passing cold front prevailed at this period.
The largest kill occurred on the night of 14-15 Oct. during a similar
weather period. On that night there were 139 casualties at WSIX and
1,172 at WSM. After a telephone call at 21:30 14 Oct. from Mr. Clark
Sewell, on night duty at WSM, M. L. Bierly, John Riggins, K. A. Goodpasture
and A. R. Laskey collected 152 birds as they fell before midnight where
they could be seen on the lighted concrete parking place southeast of the
tower. The others were gathered from the grass and wooded area on the
morning of 1 5 Oct. Among them were 254 Tennessee Warblers, 220 Oven-
birds, 206 Bay-breasted Warblers, 162 Magnolia Warblers and 115 Chestnut-
sided Warblers.
In late October there were few casualties and from 1 Nov. through 12
Nov., only 27 at both towers. From 12 Nov. to the termlination of tho
visits on 16 Nov., none was found.
Compared with previous records for early fall arrival and late departure
of migrants, the following are of note: Golden-winged Warbler, 15 Oct.;
Cape May Warbler, 14 Oct.; Black-throated Blue Warbler, 19 Sept.; Black-
poll Warbler, 15 Oct. (7 found at the two towers); Hooded Warbler, 16
Oct. (one at each tower).
The list for the two towers follows with the first numeral indicating
WSIX and the second number WSM. An asterisk ('*') indicates that the
species was found only at WSM.
Sora 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo 3; Black-billed Cuckoo L‘"; Whip-poor-will
1-2; Yellow-shafted Flicker I"'; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 2-1; Great Crested
Flycatcher 1; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 1-1; Acadian Flycatcher 1-1; E. Wood
Pewee 1-2; Red-breasted Nuthatch 1-2; Brown Creeper 1-2; Winter Wren
1; Long-billed Marsh Wren 1-3; Catbird 4-12; Brown Thrasher 1; Robin
2"'; Wood Thrush 16; Hermit Thrush 1; Swainson’s Thrush 13-5; Gray-
cheeked Thrush 18-1; Golden-crowned Kinglet 4-13; Ruby-crowned Kinglet
[VoL. 40, 1969]
80
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
3- 9; Starling White-eyed Vireo 1-4; Yellow-throated Vireo 2'‘‘; Solitary
Vireo T'"; Red-eyed Vireo 8-5 3; Philadelphia Vireo 2-14; Black-and-white
Warbler 6-3 8; Golden-winged Warbler Tennessee Warbler 32-35 1 ;
Orange-crowned Warbler 1-4; Nashville Warbler 7'“''; Parula Warbler T'";
Magnolia Warbler 17-204; Cape May Warbler 1; Black-throated Blue Warbler
3'*'; Myrtle Warbler 9-5; Black-throated Green Warbler 11-66; Blackburnian
Warbler 10-5 3; Yellow-throated Warbler 1'“'; Chestnut-sided Warbler 8-126;
Bay-breasted Warbler 41-246; Blackpoll Warbler 2-8; Palm Warbler 10-13;
Ovenbird 25-249; Northern Waterthrush 4-4; Kentucky Warbler 3"';
Connecticut Warbler Yellowthroat 7-14; Yellow-breasted Chat 4'’';
Hooded Warbler 2-3; Canada Warbler 1'*'; American Redstart 9-14; Bobolink
15; Brown-headed Cowbird 1; Scarlet Tanager 1-3; Summer Tanager 1-3;
Rose-breasted Grosbeak 7'*'; Indigo Bunting 6-16; Dickcissel I"'; Pine Siskin
1; Grasshopper Sparrow 1"'; Slate-colored Junco 2'*'; Field Sparrow 2-1;
White-crowned Sparrow 1; White-throated Sparrow 1-2; Swamp Sparrow
4- 3; Song Sparrow 2; Unidentifiable on account of condition 5-5.
Grateful acknowledgment for their help is extended to M. L. Bierly, C. W.
Fentress, K. A. Goodpasture, J. D. Parrish, John Riggins, L. O. Trabue
and the personnel of WSIX and WSM T. V. towers.
The following correction should be made for the 1968 report on autumn
casualties: Migrant, 40:2 5, paragraph 3, line 3: delete 311 Blackpoll Warblers,
substitute 319 Black-and-white Warblers.
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville 37215.
NOTICE TO MEMBERSHIP
Dues for 1970 are now payable. Payment should be sent to the Treas-
urer, Kenneth H. Dubke, 3 302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tennessee
37411, as soon as possible. Your cooperation will be appreciated.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
81
EASTERN BLUEBIRD NESTING IN 1969
AT ASHLAND CITY
By Amelia R. Laskey and Martha F. Herbert
For the 1969 nesting season of Eastern Bluebirds {Sialia sialis) in the
Neptune Community of Ashland City, John S. Herbert has increased the
number of nest boxes to 70, placed on the wooden fence posts on nine miles
of rural road. Regular weekly inspections were started on 5 March bty
M. F. Herbert and A. R. Laskey and terminated in September when the laBt
brood fledged. The nestlings and six females were banded. In addition,
eight females were trapped which had been banded as nestlings in 1968.
One of these was nesting in the same box in which she had been hatched;
the others were in boxes from 0.5 to 1.5 miles from the boxes in whiqh
they had been hatched.
Nest-building started in late March; first eggs were laid 2 April, with
the peak on 12 April when 45 nests contained eggs. Three nests had com-
plete sets of six eggs; 14 had sets of five eggs. In early June, one tiny
yolkless egg was laid in a new nest, but was abandoned immediately. This
year House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) were not as troublesome as in
1968. They were persistant at only three boxes, but we removed all nesits
and eggs. There were two Carolina Chickadee (Parus carolmensis) and one
Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) nesting attempts, all unsuccessful.
Of the 70 available nest boxes, 62 were used at least once by E. Bluebirds.
Eggs laid, 708 (166 sets); eggs hatched, 340; young fledged 273 (39% of
number laid); unsuccessful eggs and young 435 (61%). The number of un-
successful eggs and young is discouraging and all evidence has been carefully
tabulated. The heaviest loss is due to predation (188 in 49 nests). Robbed
nests were intact as typical in snake predation.
A puzzling feature was the building of new nests over newly-laid clutche's
of eggs (91 eggs in 22 nests). This might be caused by contentions between
bluebirds over the nest box, by the death of the female or other disturbances.
We know that cats killed some females in their nesting environment. How-
ever, as we live 30 miles from the nesting area, it has been impossible to
make the necessary observations to learn the cause of this behavior. The
obvious procedure is to move the nest boxes with the great number of
failures (seven in each of two boxes).
During the heat of summer, 104 eggs of 3 5 nests in boxes exposed to
sunshine, were abandoned and usually found to be addled. During this
period, young in the nests were protected to some extent by covering the
box top with aluminum foil which reduced the inside temperature. Covering
boxes containing eggs may be beneficial and should be tried in the next
nesting season.
Small numbers disappeared from 32 broods in nests that successfully
fledged young. These were doubtless removed after death by the parents.
Seven young were found dead in five nests; four hatching young were eaten
[VoL. 40, 1969]
82
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
by predatory ants; four eggs failed to hatch when the incubating female
died on the nest from pesticide poison; four nestlings died when the box was
blown down in a windstorm. The fifth of the brood survived when
placed with a brood of similar development.
Thanks are due to Mrs. Boyd Bogle, Jr. and Mrs. W. A. Puryear for
checking the nest5 on 23 May.
1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville 37215.
611 Lynbrook Rd., Nashville 37215.
THE RING’S INDEX ORNITHOLOGORUM
The editor of the International Ornithological Bulletin The King proposes
to publish an Index Ornithologorum embracing the professional and amateur
ornothologists of the world.
All entries should be in English and should be accompanied by one Inter-
national Postal Reply Coupon for further correspondence. Closing date for
all entries is 3 0 June 1970, but earlier arrival of entries would be appreciated.
Do not delay — send your entry today.
The address is: The Editor, The Ring, Laboratory of Ornithology,
Sienkiewicza 21, Wroclaw, Poland.
An entry (in English) should contain the following information:
1. Surname
2. Names in full
3. Year of birth (optional)
4. Title
5. Positions held (including editorships, memberships and the like)
6. Principal interest in ornithology
7. Address
8. Authors of ornithological publications are requested to quote the
most important of them.
9. Do you intend to purchase a copy of the Index if reasonably priced?
10. One I.P.R. Coupon is enclosed: □ Yes E] No
DATE
SIGNATURE
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
83
ROUND TABLE NOTES
BLACKBIRD ROOST AT COLUMBIA — During early December, 1969,
a large Robin roost began to form rapidly in the vicinity of Reservoir Hill
just west of downtown Columbia, Tennessee. Within about two weeks,
the usual varieties of blackbirds also begun to use the roost and by Christmas
the roost had grown to enormous proportions. At the time of our Christmas
count, by crude estimate, we listed 500,000 Starlings, 400,000 Common
Crackles, 300,000 Red-winged Blackbirds, 100,000 Brown-headed Cowbirds,
200,000 Rusty Blackbirds, and about 15 0,000 Robins. It is known from
observations elsewhere in the area that a few Brewer’s Blackbirds are also
present in the area. The Robins have generally used the western edge of
the roost but overlap the various blackbird types along the fringe of their
roosting area. This roost site was used in 1960 and 1961 and a year later
a site was chosen about two miles south of town on "Rainey’s Hill.” Thdn
for about five years the bulk of these birds are known to have roosted in
a large cedar thicket one mile southeast of the center of Lewishurg, Ten-
nessee, because actual flyways of birds originating west of Columbia, were
followed eastward by plane to the Lewisburg roost. It would appear that
some flyways extend out as far as 50 miles from these roosts in central
Tennessee. Last spring prior to the breaking up of the Lewisburg roost,
Delton Porter, who frequently birds with me, noticed quite a number of
Starlings suddenly falling as they flew into the roost in the afternoon, all of
which were dead upoin hitting the ground. He called this observation to
my attention at the time and I suggested the possibility of some disease
such as a fungus disease, known to be present in bird roosts, or the possi-
bility of starvation late in the winter when food would be more scarce as
the cause of these unexplained deaths which must have been rather numerous.
It is interesting that the very next winter, the birds chose a different roost
site which had not been used for about 6 years. A small blackbird and
Robin roost is also present just east of the airport at Lewisburg this year,
but the number of birds is apparently measured in thousands rather than
hundreds of thousands.
George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia 3 8401.
LEAST SANDPIPERS AND WATER PIPITS DURING WINTER AT
ARROW LAKE — While routinely checking Arrow Lake on 27 December,
1969, for our Christmas bird count, I discovered a flock of very small
sandpipers which were ultimately determined at close range to be Least Sand-
pipers, eight in inumber. These were carefully checked at close range to
determine if any Semipalmated Sandpipers might be present, but none was
found. Shortly after this a flock of birds resembling small larks was noted
and when carefully observed was found to be Water Pipits, seven in number.
Both flocks of birds were using the dry bed of Arrow Lake, which was less
than half-filled at the time, leaving a large dry flood plane composed of mud
and marshy grass, partly frozen. Although Least Sandpipers are commonly
seen in the fall and spring, this is the first observation during the month of
December or in the winter months in Columbia during the last 10 years of
which I am aware. Water Pipits are never a common finding in Maury
County and I am sure that this is only our second observation during the
[VoL. 40, 1969]
84
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
last 10 years. The other sighting consisted of a single bird seen in the
spring several years ago near a large pond one-half mile east of the Daniel
Gray residence.
George R. Mayfield, Jr., Maury County Hospital, Columbia 3 8401.
CLAY-COLORED SPARROW IN HARDIN COUNTY— A Clay-
colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) flew into a mist net near Olive Hill, 13
miles east of Savannah, Tennessee, about 07:00, 17 October, 1969. The
site was on the east bank of Indian Creek, about 1,5 00 feet downstream from
the Highway 64 bridge. Dominant vegetation at that spot is Black Willow
(Salix nigra) ^ growing thickly but not much more than three to four feet
tall. Other bird species in the nets at that hour included Myrtle Warblers
and Lincoln’s, Swamp, and Song Sparrows {Dendroica coronaHa^ Melos piza
lincolmi, M. georgiana, and M. melodia).
This sparrow was about the same size as a Chipping Sparrow {Spizella
passerina) and resembled a first-fall-and-winter Chippy, but we noticed the
following differences: In general the coloration was paler than an immature
Chippy, and there was no trace of rufous edging on the crown feathers. The
stripe through the eye was less distinct than would be expected in a Chippy.
There was a hint of the broad, light crown stripe of the breeding Clay-*
colored. A grayish "collar” about the back of the neck was evident in some
postures. No gray rump showed at any time except by disturbing the
plumage. These differences were slight, and few would be noticable except
with the bird captive.
We compared the sparrow with the descriptions and measurements in
Roberts (195 5 ) and with the illustrations in Peterson (1961) and Robbins,
Bruun, and Zim (1966). The plumage matched Roberts’ description of
S. pallida very closely, with appropriate allowance for immaturity. The tail
was diagnostic, with a light edging around the grayish-brown feathers and
the central pair much shorter, narrower, and more acutely pointed than the
others.
It seemed to be comfortable in captivity, feeding and drinking freely,
and not becoming excited nor attempting to escape. We considered holding
it until it gained its breeding plumage, when its appearance would be dis-
tinctive enough to permit identification from a photograph, but it died during
the night. Dissection showed the bird to be a first-year male. We found no
fat deposits. The internal organs appeared healthy, and we could not ascer-
tain the cause of death. The weight before skinning was 7.8 grams, the
wing chord was 59 mm., the tail length was 60 mm., and the bill was 6 mm.
from nostril to tip. For positive identification we prepared a study skin and
sent it to the United States National Museum, where Mrs. Roxie C. Lay-
bourne found it to be Spizella pallida. The skin is now loaned to thd
Canier collection, number 1864.
There seems to be no documented Tennessee record of Clay-colored
Sparrow. The breeding range extends east to Wisconsin and Michigan, and
the winter range extends as far east as southern Texas, so migration in smajl
numbers through western Tennessee seems plausible. The A.O.U. Checklist
(1957) includes casual records from Ohio, Mississippi, Florida, and South
Carolina, and "taken in breeding season in Illinois (Urlbana) and Indianaj
(Dune Park).” Bent’s more liberal distribution also includes New Jersey,
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
85
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana. Tyler
(1933) reported a sight record of Clay-colored Sparrow in Johnson City,
Tennessee.
Albert F. Ganier, Katherine A. Goodpasture, Amelia R. Laskey, and
Mike Bierly studied this bird with us while it was still alive, and they later
offered important suggestions for this paper. We especially appreciated the
study skin collection which Mr. Ganier, the T.O.S. Curator, has assembled.
Literature Cited
American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. The Check-list of North American
Birds.
Bent, A. C. 1968. Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks,
Buntings, Towhees, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.
237. 3 vol.
Peterson, R. T. 1961. A Field Guide to Western Birds. Houghton Mifflin,
New York.
Robbins, C. S., B. Bruun, and H. S. Zim. 1966. Birds of North America.
Golden Press, New York.
Roberts, T. S. 195 5. Manual for the Identification of the Birds of Minne-
sota and Neighboring States. U. of Minn. Press, Minneapolis.
Tyler, Bruce P. 1933. Clay-colored Sparrow at Johnson City. The Migrant,
4:23.
David E. and Michael Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah
38372.
HARLAN’S HAWK AT CHATTANOOGA~On 16 and 17 January
1970, a single dark phase Harlan’s Hawk (Buteo harlani) was observed by
the writer and Miss Elizabeth Heideman in an abandoned agricultural area
adjacent to the Amnicola Highway, approximately one mile southwest of
Chickamauga Dam. The area where the sighting occurred is composed of
weed fields, approximately thirty to fifty acres in size, which are bordered*
with large trees, many of which are dead and provide excellent perches for
birds of prey. The area borders the Tennessee River. Rodent populations,
especially rats and mice, are high. When first seen on 16 January, the bird
was perched, facing the observers, in a small scrub tree in the middle of a
field at approximately thirty-five yards distance. The deep grayish-black
of the breast was very lightly mottled with what appeared to be a dirty
white. The upper part of the under-tail was light grayish-white and became
heavily mottled with the same grayish-black color of the body near the
tip of the tail. The bird remained perched for approximately four minutes
then flew away from the observers at about a forty-five degree angle. This
provided an excellent opportunity to view the white lining of the primaries
and secondaries as well as the white on the top surface of the tail. Both
areas were mottled with the grayish-black color of the body. The only
species with which there could arise some confusion is the dark phase Rough-
legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus ) . However, this species has a distinct white,
unmottled lining of the primaries and secondaries and an unmottled tail
with a distinct dark terminal band. The bird was observed for about ten to
fifteen minutes on 16 January, and about the same length of time on the
morning of 17 January. All observations were made with 7x5 0 Bausch
[Vol. 40, 19691
86
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
and Lomb binoculars. The light conditions both days were excellent, with
the light gray of the sky and light brown of the fields providing a good
background for observations. The writer observed this species once previously
{The Migrant 37:73), on that occasion being called as a member of a group
to confirm a report of this species.
According to records in The Migrant this sightipg represents the sixth
record of this species within the state and the second record for the Chatta-
nooga area.
Jon E. DeVore, 4922 Sarasota Drive, Hixson 37343.
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE NESTING IN CARTER COUNTY— An
examination of the available literature reveals no record of a nest of the
Loggerhead Shrike {Lanms ludovicianus) in Carter County. As of 19 30, Hern-
don, in "Birds of Carter County, Tennessee” {Migrant 21:64), described
the Loggerhead Shrike as a "rare winter resident”, and reported that the
period of its occurrence in that area was 20 August to 2 April ("extreme
dates”). With this in mind, the following observations seem pertinent.
The author, accompanied by Dr. Lee R. Herndon, Pete Range, and Bill
Bridgforth, discovered a nest of the Loggerhead Shrike near Wilbur Dam in
Carter County, Tennessee, on 6 May 1969, approximately 4.5 miles east of
the city of Elizabethton. The nest site was in a residential and farming
area, with the immediate habitat consisting of old fields supporting a growth
of broomsedge {Andropogon sp.). Red Cedar {Juniperus virginianus) , and
Black Locust {Kobinia pseudoacacia) ^ with occassional blackberry briars
{Kubiis sp.). Fence rows overgrown with honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica),
Red Cedar, and Black Locust dissected the area. The nest was found along
one of these fence rows within fifty feet of a paved road.
The nest was placed thirteen feet, seven inches above the ground in a
Black Locust overgrown with honeysuckle. It contained five nestlings which
were banded on 8 May 1969. The nest was saddled on a branch of the
locust and supported primarily by strands of honeysuckle. The nest cup
was lined with hair and rootlets; the outside of the nest included twiigs,
plant fibers, and white feathers (probably from chickens), and appeared
loose and bulky. The nest dimensions were as follows: inside depth, 2.5”;
inside diameter, 3.0”; outside depth, 6.0”; outside diameter, 5.0”.
Charles R. Smith, Route 2, Johnson City 37601.
BACHMAN’S SPARROW IN LAWRENCE COUNTY— Early one morn-
ing during the week of 2 5-31 May 1969, while on a birding trip to my
farm in western Lawrence County my attention was attracted by Bachman’s
Sparrows (Aimophila aestivalis) singing in a neighbor’s pasture a few hundred
yards away. Investigation disclosed some five or six males singing on
territory in the area. This was not considered to be very unusual until
several weeks later when study of late issues of The Migrant and discussion
with Mr. David E. Patterson of Savannah indicated that this is a rather
rare species in Tennessee.
Identification was positive, the "seeeee, slipslipslipslipslip” song being
characteristic; one bird was viewed at close range in good light with 10x50
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
87
binoculars for several minutes. The larger and darker bill and the buffy
breast easily separated the species from the Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla)
which was common in adjacent areas.
The habitat was around the point of a deciduous, brushy, second-growth,
wooded hillside jutting into the rolling pasture land which sloped toward
a small creek about one-fourth mile away. The pasture had been reworked
with a bush-and-bog (heavy disc harrow) last year and reseeded to a good
stand of fescue and white clover which was not grazed this year. The
reworking process had left some short dead sprouts standing and the singing
birds were using these for perches. The birds were surprisingly tame and
could be approached to a very close range and then when disturbed they
would usually fly to the brush in the adjacent wooded area instead of drop-
ping into the grass as would be expected of most sparrows. The species most
common to adjacent areas such as the Blue-winged and Prairie WarbRrs,
the Yellowthroat and Yellow-breasted Chat and the Field Sparrow, were
pretty well excluded over an area of several acres. The only intruder noted
was an Eastern Wood Pewee which came and gave his plaintive whistle
several times in a sapling just a few feet above my head.
From references available to me it is not possible to determine whether
this colony is of the Bachman’s {A. a. bachmanii) or the Illinois (A. a.
ilUnoisensis) subspecies. The song was certainly more varied than that of the
Bachman’s race which I have observed in Northwest Florida and South
Alabama. But song variation is probably no basis for separating the races.
It is hoped that the colony can be studied in more detail in future seasons.
Lloyd Clayton, 6 Breeze Street, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32 561.
A GOSHAWK AT NASHVILLE — A mature male of this species
(Acciplter gentilh) was observed on 27 December 1969, during the course
of taking the annual mid-winter bird census. A division of our party, con-
sisting of John and Martha Herbert and the writer, found the bird at
09:00 perched near the top of one of a fringe of large oaks growing on
a river bluff above the Cumberland River, at Davidson Creek 7 miles west
of Nashville c.h. We were made known of its presence by a group of eight
crows which noisily heckled it at a safe distance. At a distance of about
150 yards we observed it at leisure as it faced us in bright sunlight. Much
larger than the crows and of very erect posture, its light gray streaked
breast, bluish-slate sides, conspicuous black cheek patch and long tail, elimi-
nated confusion with any other species. From its perch it could command
a view of scrubby pasture land southward and grassy river bottoms to the
north. The intervening creek prevented a closer approach. The Goshawk is
a bold and fearless predator, making its summer home chiefly in Canada.
It is an extremely rare fall and winter visitant and Nashville appears to be
on the southward limit of its winter range. Over the many years there are
eight Tennessee records; five from Nashville {Migrant 8:85, 11:1, 12:61,
16:63, and 36:8) and three from the Elizabethton area (Migrant 21:59).
Robert Mengel, in his Birds of Kentucky, lists even fewer authentic records
from that state.
Albert F. Ganier, 2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville 37212.
[VoL. 40, 19691
88
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The months of August, September, and October exhibit an interesting
weather pattern for the state. The one factor common to all three months
was temperatures which were persistently colder than normal. Temperatures
from each region for each month ranged from 1.9-3. 3° F. colder than
normal for the period; however, all regions of the state experienced essen-
tially the same degree of cold over the three-month period, with a tempera-
ture range of 2. 4-2. 6° F. colder than normal for each region for the period.
October was the coldest month with August being the warmest.
The Plateau and Basin Region experienced the least precipitation for the
period. The western portion of the state received the greatest precipitation.
This situation was due primarily to the heavy rainfall West Tennessee received
on 18 and 19 August as a result of Hurricane Camille. Camille also con-
tributed to the fact that August was the wettest month of the period, with
most of the precipitation occurring in Middle and West Tennessee as a
result of the influance of the hurricane. Precipitation for the eastern portion
of the state was essentially normal for the period. October was the driest
month for the state.
The most outstanding observation for the period was that of a Clay-
colored Sparrow at Savannah. This constitutes the first collected specimen
of that species in Tennessee. Identification was verified by the U. S.
National Museum and the specimen is currently in the collection of the TOS
Curator, Albert F. Ganier, at Nashville. Jerry Mathis and David and Mike
Patterson were responsible for this observation. Other noteworthy observa-
tions include the following: Sandhill Crane, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Western
Kingbird, and Mourning Warbler from the Plateau and Basin Region; Pigeon
Hawk, White-rumped Sandpiper, and Laughing Gull from the Ridge and
Valley Region; Tree Sparrow and Lincoln’s Sparrow from the Mountain
Region.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEGIOH— Kit e—Spar rows: Mississippi
Kite: 3 Aug. to 9 Sept. (4) R. Sharp-shinned Hawk: 10 Oct. (1) R. Bald
Eagle: 17 Aug. (1). Short-billed Dowitcher: 5 Oct. (2) R. Sanderling:
5 Oct. (6) R. Great Horned Owl: all season (2) after no records for 2V2
years. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 9 Sept. ( 1 ) and 1 3 Sept. ( 1 ) both banded.
Red-breasted Nuthatch: 15 Oct. (5). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 18 Oct. (1).
Short-billed Marsh Wren: 10 Oct. (1) tower casualty. Gray-cheeked
Thrush: first 8 Sept. (1). Swainson’s Warbler: 15 Oct. (1) tower casualty.
Tennessee Warbler: only (9) banded 30 Sept, to 18 Oct. compared with
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
89
(96) same place and time last year. Orange-crowned Warbler: 18 Oct. (1).
Louisiana Waterthrush: last 23 Aug. (1). Pine Siskin: unusually abundant,
with (57) banded 27 Oct. to 5 Nov. and numerous small (to 25) flocks
sighted. Tree Sparrow: 19 Oct. (1) R. Clay-colored Sparrow: 17 Oct.
( 1 ) verified by U. S. Nat. Mus. White-throated Sparrow: this species,
much less abundant last winter than in previous ten years, is back in usual
numbers, beginning 8 Oct. Lincoln’s Sparrow: 16 and 17 Oct. (4) .
Locations: R — Reelf oot Lake, remainder from Savannah.
Observers: Kenneth Leggett at Reelf oot; Jerry Mathis, David and Mike
Patterson at Savannah.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 38372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Grc^cs-Di/rAs: Horned
Grebe: 20 Sept., (2) RL (MCW) . Pied-billed Grebe: late, 18 Sept. (6)
RL (MCW), 9 Oct. (8) OHL (LOT), 20 Oct. (11) RL (MOW). Great
Blue Heron: 12 Sept, thru 20 Oct., (1-2) LD (RTH) , few NA. Green
Heron : last, 1 8 Oct. (1) at Manchester (MCW) . Little Blue Heron : 17
Aug. (7) ACM, 20 Aug. (2) BV, both (MLB, JNR) . Black-crowned
Night Heron: 3 Sept. (1 ) WB (HB) , few NA. Y ellow-crowned Night
Heron: 4 July to 10 Sept. (5) WB (HB) . Canada Geese: 22 July (15),
8 Aug. (16) both OHL (LOT) (some with plastic collars of local breedin'g
birds) ; no migrating flocks reported NA; 4 Oct. (9) LD (RTH) , 13 Oct.
( 14) BT (DH, RH) . Blue Goose : 3 1 Oct. (1) BL (HEP) . Mallard and
Black Ducks; scarce and late, first, 28 Oct. (2) of each, CL ( LOT ) .
Gadwall: first 5-30 Oct. (2-5 ) LD (RTH) , 23 Oct. (115) WR (KD) ,
30 Oct. (20) BT (DH, RH) . Blue-winged Teal: scarce, 20 Aug., (2)i,
2 5 Sept. (3 ) , both BL (HEP) , late were 3 1 Oct. (27) BT (DH, RH) .
American Widgeon: 1 Oct. (1) RL (MCW) , 27 Oct. (55) WR (KD, JD) .
Shoveler: 17 Oct. ( 14) BT (DH, RH) . Wood Duck: down to (6) 16 Oct.
at RL (MCW), 4 Oct. (100) ACM (ROH). Redhead: 28 Oct. (6) CL
(LOT) . Ring-necked Duck: very early were (4) 8 Oct. RL (MCW) ,
elsewhere late and scarce; 27 Oct. (784) WR (KD, JD) . Lesser Scaup:
first 23 Oct. (4) RL (MLB) , 27 Oct. (8) RL (MCW) , and (145 ) WR
(KD, JD). Ruddy Duck: 23 Oct. (2) WR (KD), 28 Oct. (2) CL
( LOT ) . Hooded Merganser: 28 Oct. (2) CL (LOT) , 4 days earliest NA.
Hawk-Dove: Broad-winged Hawk: 25 Sept. (1) (MLB)'L last report.
Bald Eagle: 5, 8, 18, 23, 28, 3 O' Oct. (1), 24, 26 Oct. (2), 31 Oct. (4)',
all LD (RTH) . Marsh Hawk: 3 Aug. (1) ACM (HR, JR) . Osprey:
16 Sept, to 10 Oct. (1-2) LD (RTH) , 20 Sept. (3 ) NA. Sandhill Crane:
27 Oct. (113), 30 Oct. (21), BT (DH). Virginia Rail: 12 Oct. (1)
(KAG’% MLB) . American Coot : 1 8 Aug. (1) RL (MLB) , 20 Sept. (2)
ACM (AEG), 11 to 31 Oct. (200-400) LD (RTH), 27 Oct. (8500J
WR (KD, JD) , 3 1 Oct. (5 00) BT (RH, DH) . Semipalmated Plover: 3 Aug.
(1) ACM (HR, JR), 15 Aug. (1), 10, 13 Oct. (1) BL (HEP), 17 days
latest NA. Killdeer: (25-30) BL during period. American Golden Plover:
1 5 Aug. (1), 1 3 days earliest NA, 1 Oct. (1), both (HEP) . American
Woodcock: 9, 3 1 Oct. (1) (MLB) . Common Snipe: 4 Oct. (4) ACM
( ROH ) , 30 Oct. (8) BT (DH, RH) . Spotted Sandpiper: 8 Aug. thru
period (1-4) BL ( HEP ) , 14 Oct. (1) BT (DH, RH) . Solitary Sandpiper:
[VoL. 40, 1969]
90
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
last 17 Aug. (2) ACM (MLB). Greater Yellowlegs: 17 Aug. (2) AQM
(MLB, JNR). Lesser Yellowlegs: scare, 17 Aug. (1) ACM (MLB, JNR),
10 Oct. (1) BL (HEP). Pectoral Sandpiper: 3 Aug. (1) ACM (JNR),
2 5 Sept. (5) (HEP), 27 Oct. (5) OHL (LOT). Least Sandpiper: 15
Aug. (5), (1-6) during period except 10 Oct. (9), all BL (HEP).
Dunlin: 17 Oct. (1) to 31 Oct. (5), BL (HEP), 30 Oct. (10) BT
(DH, RH). Semipalmated Sandpiper: 12 Aug. (4) (HEP), 14 Sept. (2)
(MLB), both BL. Western Sandpiper: 15 Aug. (1), 13 Sept. (2) BL
(HEP), second NA occurrence. Buff-breasted Sandpiper: 3 Aug. (1) ACM
(HR, JR), fourth NA record. Herring Gull: 14 Oct. (6) LD (RTH),
only report. Ring-billed Gull: 27 Oct. (3) WR (KD, JD) and (8) OHL
(LOT). Bonaparte’s Gull: 27 Oct. (2) OHL (LOT). Forster’s Tern: 10
Oct. (1) found shot BL (HEP), dead about one day, 16 days latest NA.
Black Tern: 17 Aug. (2), 19 Aug. (3 5) ACM (MLB, JNR), 20 Aug.
(3) OHL (OT). Mourning Dove: 11 Sept. (2) young left nest CP (HCM,).
Ctickoos -Wrens: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: last, 26 Oct. (1) (KAG).
Black-billed Cuckoo: 21 Sept. (2), 29, 30 Sept. (1) LD (RTH). Common
Nighthawk: 5 Sept. (952) 6 Sept. (402) then down to 27 Sept. (12), aid
migrating over TJ (MLB, HR, JR.); last, 13 Oct. (1) H (HCM). Chimney
Swift: last, 17 Oct. (25) NA (LOT). Red-headed Woodpecker: few reports
NA, 30 Oct. (30) Obey River Park, gone next day, (DH, RH). Yellow-
bellied Sapsucker: 27 Sept. (1) TJ (ROH), 2 Oct. (3) WB (HB).
Western Kingbird: 9, 11, 16 Oct. (2), 10 Oct. (3) LD (RTH). Yellow-
bellied Flycatcher: 19 Sept. (1) (KAG) to 28 Sept. (1) (MLB). Acadian
Flycatcher: 11 Oct. (1) (KAG). Traill’s Flycatcher: 22 Aug. (1) (KAG),
3 days earliest NA, to 25 Sept. (1) (MLB). Least Flycatcher: 17 Aug.
(1), 7 days earliest NA to 24 Sept. (1), both (MLB). (Note: all Empidonax
flycatcher records are for banded birds) Wood Pewee: 9 Oct. (1) LD
(RTH), very late was (1) 21 Oct. H (HCM). Olive-sided Flycatcher:
20 Sept. (1) RL (MCW), (2) FV (AC) 7 days latest NA. Tree Swallow,-:
20 Sept. (100) ACM (BG). Barn Swallow: last, 4 Oct. (1) DK (MCW).
Purple Martin: 20 Aug. (3) CL (LOT), 1 Sept. (1) WB (MCW). Red-
breasted Nuthatch: 9 Sept. (1) H (HCM), 29 Sept. (1), then (1-3) during
period LD (RTH), 15-20 Oct. (1) WB (HB), 17 Oct. (2) BT (DH, RH).
Brown Creeper: 18 Oct. (1) BT (DH, RH), 19 Oct. (1) TJ (KAG).
House Wren: 20 Sept. (1) (MCW), last 12 Oct. (1) (KAG). Winter
Wren: 11 Oct. (1) TJ (ROH), 12, 13 Oct. (1) H (HCM). Long-billed
Marsh Wren: 28 Sept. (1) (KAG) and 17 Oct. (1) (MLB). Short-billed
Marsh Wren: 24 Aug. (1) RR (HLB) and 10 Oct. (1) (RAG).
Mockingbird-Kinglets: Mockingbird: very late was (3) young leaving
nest 4 Sept. CP (HCM). Wood Thrush: last NA 5 Oct. (1) H (HCM);
late was ( 1 ) WB 18-2 5 Oct. (HB). Hermit Thrush: 9 Oct. (1) BT
(DH, RH), 19 Oct. (1) TJ (KAG). Swainson’s Thrush: late arriving,
18 Sept. (1) H (HCM) to 17 Oct. (1) (MLB). Gray-cheeked Thrush:
13 Sept. (1) (MLB) to 17 Oct. (1) (MLB) 5 days latest NA. Veery:
24 Aug. (1) (KAG),, 10 days earliest NA to 2 5 Sept. (1) (KAG). Blue-
gray Gnatcatcher: late, (1) WB (HB) 29 Sept., and 4 Oct. (1) CH (SB).
Golden-crowned Kinglet: first, 15 Oct. (1) (KAG). Ruby-cnowned
Kinglet: 27 Sept. (3) (HB).
fVoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
91
Pipit-Yireos: Water Pipit: 17 Oct. (1) BL (HEP), 27 Oct. (1) OHL
(LOT), only reports. Cedar Waxwing: 14 Sept. (32) BT (DH, RH),
22 Oct. (7) WB (HB). Starling: still well below normal NA and BT.
White-eyed Vireo: late was (1) 20 Oct. H (AT) . Yellow-throated Vireo:
last, 4 Oct. (1) (KAG, MLB) . Red-eyed Vireo: last 1 1 Oct. (1) (MLB) .
Philadelphia Vireo: last, 1 1 Oct. (1) (MLB) .
Warblers: Black-and-white : late was (1) 1 5 Oct. (KAG) . Prothonotary:
a late record, 24 Sept. (1 ) (MLB) . Worm-eating : 30 Aug. (1) (MLB) ,
last report: Golden- winged: 14 Aug. (1) H (HCM) earliest NA by 4
days; 1 1 Sept. (2) LD (RTH) . Blue-winged: last 23 Sept. (1) (MLB) .
Tennessee: scarce, since generally most commonly seen fall warbler; 1 1
Sept. (2) H (ES) to 26 Oct. (1) (KAG) . Orange-crowned: 8 Oct. ( 1 )
(MLB), 2 Nov. (1) (KAG). Nashville: 15 Sept. (1) H (CWF) to 18
Oct. (1) (KAG) . Paruia: last, 4 Oct. (1 ) (MLB, HR, JR) . Yellow: last,
20 Sept. (1) (KAG) . Magnolia: well below their usual large numbers
NA; from 9 Sept. (1 ) H (HCM) to 17 Oct. (1) (MLB) . Myrtle: very
early at LD with (1) 17 Sept., then (2) 10 Oct. and up to (25 ) 1 8 Oct.;
first NA (1) BL (HEP), 13 Oct., then 17 Oct. (1) BT (DH, RH).
Black-throated Green: last, 17 Oct. (1 ) (MLB) . Blackburnian: 9 Aug.
(1) CH (SB), 24 Aug. (7) WB (HB), to 10 Oct. (1) RL (MLB).
Yellow- throated: last, 1 1 Oct. (1 ) WB (MCW). Chestnut-sided: from
2 Sept. (1) H (HCM) to 10 Oct. (1) RL (MLB) . Bay-jbreasted: from
18 Sept. (1 ) BS (KAG) to 20 Oct. (1) H (AT) . Palm: scarce, last 22
Oct. (1) BL (HEP) . Ovenbird: from 1 0 Sept. (1) to 17 Oct. (1), both
(MLB) . Northern Waterthrush: 10 Sept. (1) (KAG) to 17 Oct. (1 )
(MLB) , both banded birds. Louisiana Waterthrush: 4 Sept. (1) banded
(MLB) , 2 days latest NA. Mourning: 4 Sept. (1) (MLB) and 10 Oct.
(1 ) (KAG) for NA, 13 to 18 Sept. (1 ) WB (HB) . Yellow throat: last
NA 16 Oct. (2) (KAG ) . Yellow-breasted Chat: still scarce NA, last 5
Oct. (1) (KAG) . Hooded : last NA 26 Sept. (1 ) (KAG) , 1 1 Oct. (1 )
WB (MCW). Wilson’s: 29 Aug. (1) (MLB), 30 Aug. (1) WB (HB), to
17 Oct. (1 ) (KiAG) . Canada: 19 Aug. (1) H (HCM), 30 Aug. (2) WB
(HB) , 9 Sept. (1) CV (Thelma Tinnon) , to 27 Sept. (2) (MLB) . American
Redstart: 14 Oct. (1) H (HCM) .
Orioles-S parrows : Orchard Oriole: 10 Aug. (2) adults with (2) young
H (MLB) , last report, 1 5 Aug. (15) WB (MCW) . Baltimore Oriole:
scarce, last report 23 Aug. (1) (MLB) . Scarlet Tanager: from 3 1 Aug.
(1) (MLB) to 1 5 Oct. (1) H (HCM) . Summer Tanager: last 19 Oct.
(1) H (HCM,) . Rose-breasted Grosbeak: from 13 Sept. (1 ) to 17 Oct. (2) ,
both ( MLB ) . Blue Grosbeak: numbers and nesting pairs still increasing NA;
several late Sept, dates NA, with a new latest, 3 Oct. (1) (KAG, MLB) ,
14 days latest ever; other dates, 19 Sept. (1 ) WB (HB) , 24 Sept. (1) LD
(RTH) , 17 Sept. (1 ) WC (MCW) . Indigo Bunting: more NA than past
two years. Dickcissel: 17 Oct. (1) (MLB) , 25 Oct. (1) WB (HB) . Purple
Finch: 24 Oct. (1) WB (HB) seemed absent elsewhere. Pine Siskin: 23
Oct. (1) (KAG), 25 Oct. (10.0) (KAG, MLB), 27 Oct. (2) WR (KD,
JD) . American Goldfinch: below normal NA. Vesper Sparrow: 24 Oct.
(15) WB (HB) , only report. Slate-colored Junco: 4 Oct. (1) BT (DH,
RH), and (1) H (HH) fide (ARL), then 14 Oct. (1) (MLB). White-
crowned Sparrow: 28 Sept. (1) (KAG) , 6 days earliest NA. White-
[VoL. 40, 1969]
92
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
throated Sparrow: 28 Sept. (1) CP (HCM), 8 Oct. (5) WB (HB), 14
Oct. (3) BT (DH, RH). Fox Sparrow: 17 Oct. (1) (MLB) first report.
Lincoln’s Sparrow: from 28 Sept. (1) (KAG), one day earliest NA to
31 Oct. (1) (MLB). Swamp Sparrow: first report, 26 Sept. (1) (KAG,
MLB). Song Sparrow: 12 Aug. (1) WB (MOW), 4 Oct. (1) WB (HB),
5 Oct. (1) (KAG), first NA.
Note — All records credited to KAG and MLB are at Two Jays Sanctu-
ary unless otherwise stated.
Locations: ACM — Ashland City Marsh, BS — Basin Springs, BV — Buena
Vista Marsh, BL — Bush Lake, BT — Byrdstown, CP — ^Centennial Park, CH —
Center Hill, CL — Coleman’s Lake, CV — ^Cookeville, DK — DeKalb, County,
FV — Fernvale, H — Home area, LD — Lily Dale, OHL — ^Old Hickory Lake,
RL — Radnor Lake, NA — Nashville Area, RR — River Road, NA, WB —
Woodbury, WR — Woods Reservior, TJ — Two Jays Sane.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, HB — Mrs. Hoyt Bryson,
AC — Annella Creech, JD — John DeVore, KD — Kenneth Dubke, CWF —
Clara W. Fentress, AFG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Katherine A. Good-
pasture, BG — Ben Grose, ROH — Roger O. Harshaw, DH — David Hassler,
RH— Robbie Hassler, RTH— Roy T. Hinds, HH— Helen Hodgson, ARL—
Amelia R. Laskey, HCM — Harry C. Monk, HEP — Henry E. Parmer, HR—
Heather Riggins, JR — ^John Riggins, ES — Ellen Stringer, AT — Anne Tarbell,
LOT — Laurence O. Trabue, MCW — Mary C. Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY KLGlOn—Lomis^Merganser: Com-
mon Loon: first, 21 Oct. (8) SHL (WC, JW). Double-crested Cormorant:
23 Oct. (1) HRA (WCa, MH). Little Blue Heron: regular to 13 Oct.
(1 to 22) FFRA (KD). Common Egret: regular to 2 5 Oct. (1 to 9) HRA
(KD). Canada Goose: regular through period (4), first migrants 26 Sept.
HRA (WCa, MH). Blue Goose: 22 Oct. (11), 28 Oct. (40) HRA (KD).
Shoveler: 22 Oct. (1) HRA (KD). Wood Duck: max., 9 Sept. (396) HRA
(KD). Red-breasted Merganser: 4 Oct. (2), 21 Oct. (1) SHL (WC, JW).
Hawks-Smderling: Cooper’s Hawk: 27 Sept. (1) SB (RS), 28 Sept.
(1) Col (RS). Bald Eagle: 11 Aug. (1 immature) HRA (KD), 30 Oct.
(1) SHE (JK). Marsh Hawk: max. 26 Oct. (3) HRA (JD). Osprey:
regular through period (1 to 2) HRA (KD), (1 to 2) WBL (EBEi).
Pigeon Hawk: 28 Sept. (1) K (S, W). King Rail: 2 5 Sept. (1), 5 Oct.
(1) AM (KD). Virginia Rail: 28 Sept. (1) K (TK). Black-bellied Plover:
22 Aug. (1) SB (KD), 28 Oct. (1) HRA (KD). Willet: 19 Aug. (1)
HRA (KD), 2 Sept. (1) BVa (WC), first Bristol area record. White-
rumped Sandpiper: 24 Oct. (1) SB (RS). Dowitcher (sp.): 22 Oct. (1)
HRA (KD). Western Sandpiper: 16 Aug. (2), 22 Aug. (3), 28 Aug. (3)
SB (KD), 1 Sept. (1) HRA (KD, 3 Oct. (1) AM (RS). Sanderling: 4
Oct. (1) SHL, Va. (WC, BR, JW) .
Gult-Warbler: Laughing Gull: 19 Aug. (1 immature) HRA (KD).
Forster’s Tern: 28 Sept. (1) K (JTT). Common Tern: 19 Aug. (1) ChL
(KD). Caspian Tern: 27 Sept. (1) HRA (RS). Black Tern: max. 17
Aug. (100) HRA (WCa, MH). Barn Owl: regular (1) AM (KD, RS).
Bank Swallow: max. 24 Aug. (2000) HC (TK). Red-breasted Nuthatch:
[VoL. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
93
first, 28 Sept. (1) Col (RS), 28 Sept. (50) K (KOS) ; common during!
October in all areas. Connecticut Warbler: 28 Sept. (1) K (HL, JM, RM).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, BVa — Bristol, Virginia, ChL — ^Chicka-
mauga Lake, Col — ^Collegedale, HC — Hamblen County, HRA — Hiwassee
River Area, K — Knoxville, SB — Savannah Bay, SHE — South Holston Lake,
SHL,Va. — South Holston Lake, Virginia, WBL — Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: WCa — Wilford Caraway, WC — Wallace Coffey, JD — Jon
DeVore, KD — Kenneth Dubke, EBE — E. B. Edwards, KOS — Knoxville
Chapter TOS, MH— Melvin Hall, JK— Mrs. J. E. B. Kelley, TK— Tony
Koella, HL — Helen Lewis, JM — Julia Moore, RM — Mrs. Ruth Moore, BR —
Brent Rowell, RS — Roger Swanson, JTT — Dr. James T. Tanner, S,W — Mr.
and Mrs. Louis Smith and Mr. and Mrs. Bill Williams, JW — Johnny Wood.
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN KLGIGL^-Grebes-Fly catchers: Pied-billed
Grebe: 13 Oct. (1) WaL (PR). Black Duck: 24 Aug. (1) WaL (PR).
Ring-necked Duck: 1 Oct. (1) WiL. Lesser Scaup: 11 Aug. (2) WiL
(present all summer). Bufflehead: 11 Aug. (2) WiL, 1 Oct. (2) WiL
(present all summer). Cooper’s Hawk: 10 Aug. (1) WaL (PR); through-
out Oct. HC (M,S). Red-tailed Hawk: 24-27 Oct. (1) HC (MS). Marsh
Hawk: 29-31 Oct. (1) HC (MS). Yellow-billed Cuckoo: last 8 Oct. (1)
EGC (LRH). Black-billed Cuckoo: last 5 Oct. (1). Great Horned Owl:
throughout Sept., Oct. (1) MC (CRS). Eastern Kingbird: last 13 Aug.
(1) EGC (LRH). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 6-11 Aug. (1) HC (MS).
Swallows -War biers: Bank Swallow: 3 Aug. (3) MC (CRS). Cliff Swal-
low: 3 Aug. (6) M,C (CRS). Purple Martin: last 8 Aug. (4) EGC (LRH).
House Wren: last 21 Sep. (1) EGC (LRH). Catbird: last 23 Oct. (1)
HC (MS). Tennessee Warbler: first 9 Aug. (1) HC (MS), very early
record; 21 Sept. (1). Yellow Warbler: 13 Sept. (1) MC (PR, CRS),
banded. Magnolia Warbler: 13 Sept. (1) MC (CRS), 23 Sept. (1) EGC
(LRH). Cape May Warbler: 7 Sept. (1) RM (CRS). Blackburnian Warbler:
2 Aug. (1) UM (PR, CRS). Yellow-throated Warbler: 11 Aug.-18 Sept.
(1) EGC (LH, LRH). Prairie Warbler: 17 Sept.-l ( Oct. (1) EGC (LH,
LRH). Yellow-breasted Chat: last 13 Sept. (1) MC (CRS), rather late.
Wilson’s Warbler: 14 Sept. (2) MC (PR, CRS). American Redstart: 21
Sept. (2) MC (CRS).
Orioles-Sparrows: Orchard Oriole: last 8 Aug. (2) EGC (LRH). Balti-
more Oriole: last 7 Sept. (1) EGC (LH, LRH). Rusty Blackbird: 27 Oct.
(100+) HC (MS). Blue Grosbeak: last 10 Aug. (1) WiL (CRS). Purple
Finch: 26 Oct. (3) RM (FWB). Red Crossbill: 11 Oct. (3) RM (CRS).
Savannah Sparrow: 29 Oct. (1) EGC (LRH). Chipping Sparrow: last 24
Oct. (1) EGC (LRH). Tree Sparrow: 28 Oct. (8) HC (MS). Lincoln’s
Sparrow: 5 Oct. (1) (AU, LH).
Locations: EGC — Elizabethton Golf Course, HC — Heaton Creek (near
Roan Mountain), MC — Milligan College, RM — Roan Mountain, UM, — Unaka
Mountain, WaL — ^Watauga Lake, WiL — Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FWB— Fred W. Behrend, LH— Lois Herndon, LRH— Lee R.
Herndon, PR — Pete Range, CRS — Charles R. Smith, MS — Maxie Swindell,
AU— Alice Ulrich.
Charles R. Smith, Route 2, Johnson City 37601.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
94
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE FOR TOS
There are several matters of interest to the TOS which have come to
my attention since the time of our annual meeting last spring in Johnson
City. First of all by mutual agreement it was decided not to attempt a
joint meeting with the Kentucky Ornithological Society this spring. This
does not mean that the members of our Society or theirs are not looking
forward to such a meeting in the future, but it was felt that the best
opportunity for such a joint meeting
would occur in the spring of 1971 when
the responsibility for our spring meeting
would rest with Middle Tennessee, par-
ticularly the Nashville Chapter. If this
joint meeting does materialize, it is
planned that such a meeting would be
located in South Central Kentucky,
perhaps at Mammoth Cave, or in North
Central Tennessee where it would be
most convenient geographically to the
membership of both societies.
The Ornithological Seminar last fall
at Chalet Motel in Cleveland, Tennessee
was very successful and well-attended.
During the evening there was a lively
discussion of the need for development
and preservation of a quality environ-
ment for birds, beasts, and man. This
discussion has now become even more
timely because of national emphasis
on pollution control as emphasized by President Nixon recently. I
believe we all agreed that the members of the Tennessee Ornithologiaal
Society should play an active part in this movement, but the official role
of our Society is as yet being considered by the officers and members. If you
have ideas along this line I would be glad to hear from you. Under the
sponsorship of the Tennessee Conservation League an attempt is now being
made to form a "Tennessee Environmental Council” which would coordinate
the activities of a number of societies such as ours who are interested in
preserving a quality environment.
A number of ideas are under discussion by our committee for self-study
and future planning. This committee will meet again before the annual
spring meeting or on the Friday night of that meeting to discuss these
ideas and present recommendations to the board of directors at that time.
I think it is our feeling that it would be very desirable for the board of
directors to meet in the fall perhaps at the same time as the Ornithological
Seminar sponsored by the interested group in East Tennessee. This would
allow those of us, who normally would have to attend a long session on Satur-
day afternoon during the annual spring meeting, to spend more time in
birding and fellowship with the members during the spring meeting and
would allow somewhat more time for transaction of vital business which
cannot always wait a year for proper action by the board. As a by-product
of this change, members of the board of directors would have an opportunity
[Vor. 40, 1969]
1969
THE MIGRANT
95
to attend some of the worth-while papers given during the seminar and all
members would be encouraged to join in the activities of a fall meeting if
their time and other commitments would allow.
The Memphis Chapter is currently developing plans for our annual spring
meeting in West Tennessee and these may be well known to you by the
time of this publication. I look forward to seeing as many of you as
possible at that meeting.
— George R. Mayfield, Jr.
BOOK REVIEW
WILDLIFE IN DANGER. By James Fisher, Noel Simon and Jack Vin-
cent. The Viking Press, Inc., Dept. JLW, 62 5 Madison Avenue, New York,
N. Y. 10022, 1969: ZVz x 10 in. 368 pp., $12.95.
This book relates the present status of more than 200 species of mammals
and birds which are considered endangered and doomed to extinction unless
immediate steps are taken to insure their preservation. These and many other
animal and plant species are described in detail, with more than 100 of the
rarest shown in color and many more in black and white. About 15 0 of the
illustrations are by leading wildlife artists commissioned specifically for this
book and will be reproduced nowhere else.
In less than 300 years at least thirty-six species of mammals and ninety-
four species of birds have become extinct and now more than 200 other
species are or have been on the endangered list. Some species have vanished
through natural causes, such as fires, floods or disease while more have been
due to the activities of man. Some of these causes have been over-hunting,
poisoning for predator control, and now pollution is taking its toll, as well
as habitat destruction, usually by humans, such as, clearing our forests,
draining swamps and wetlands, flooding our river basins, building for industry
and urban development, and construction of jet ports.
In 1966 a world list of rare and endangered birds consisted of 318
species and subspecies. Once a bird is placed on this list it is seldom possible
to improve its status so that survival is assured without expensive protective
measures, such as continuous warden service or the setting aside of extensive
and expensive land areas as sanctuaries or refuges which must be maintained
under constant surveillance.
In almost every instance man, by one means or another, has been respon-
sible for the decline of the endangered species. In some instances federal and
state governments have placed bounties on some species, which were con-
sidered detrimental to certain interest groups. The rewards were so attrac-
tive that individuals became professionals until the species became so depleted
that the operation was no longer profitable. The clearing, cultivating, drain-
ing, flooding, filling, developing, polluting and otherwise encroaching upon
specific types of habitat has made it impossible for certain species to find'
adequate food for survival. Hunting pressure on some of our game birds
and waterfowl makes it necessary to limit the hunting season and the bag
limit to maintain a population sufficient to insure survival of some species
to assure that they do not become eligible for the endangered list.
Some of the species of birds with which we are most familiar and
toward which efforts are being made to save them from extinction are:
[VoL. 40, 1969]
96
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
California Condor, Everglade Kite, Bald Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, Whooping
Crane, Brown Pelican, Eskimo Curlew, Ivory-billed Woodpecker, Bachman’s
Warbler, Kirtland’s Warbler, Dusky Seaside Sparrow, and Cape Sable Spar-
row. The habitats suitable for survival of some of these species are very
limited and restrictive, outside of which the species cannot survive. Man
has the means of usurping these areas and using them to advance his interests
as the human population continues to grow at a rapid rate. Not only are
these areas made uninhabitable by changing types of habitat, but some areas
are becoming so polluted and saturated with insecticides that they are un-
suitable for man or breast.
We are reminded almost daily, through our news media, of our deteri-
orating environment and that if steps are not taken immediately, our lives
will be in jeopardy along with countless individuals of many other forms of
life. Current literature is replete with references to the declining numbers
of many of our more common bird species. The so-called "red book”
published annually by the U. S. Interior Department lists fourteen mammals
and forty-six bird species in danger of extinction; Wallace (The Jack-Pine
Warbler, 47: 70-75, 1969, published by the Michigan Audubon Society)
lists more than thirty bird species which show declining numbers in recent
years.
Our members are urged to join and support their local and national con-
servation societies and by purchasing this book you will be supporting
conservation on an international scale.
Lee R. Herndon, Route 6, Elizabethton 37643.
”600 CLUB”
As the name implies, the "600 Club” is composed of individuals who
have seen, heard or otherwise been able to identify 600 or more species of
North American birds, north of the Mexican border. The number of persons
who have done this is comparatively small.
Listed in National Wildlife (Peterson: February-March, 30, 1967) are
a few of the individuals, who had the greatest number of birds on their
"Life Lists” at that time. Leading the list was Dr. Ira Gabrielson with 670,
Mr. and Mrs. Dudley Ross with 659 each, followed by Dr. Roger Tory
Peterson with 6 50.
A survey conducted by Stuart Keith three years earlier, indicated that
"no less than 19 people were then eligible for the '600’ Club”.
A Lifetime with the Birds (Greene: 344-372, 1966) published by Edwards
Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, lists the species common name,
scientific name and the states or provinces in which he observed the particu-
lar species of the more than 600 species on his "life list”. Mr. Greene is
now attempting to "round up” all individuals who are eligible, or approach-
ing eligibility for membership in this, as he expresses it, "fast growing organi-
zation”.
The next Official Summary will be out about 15 April 1970. If you
qualify for membership or are very near the 600 mark, please write:
Mr. Earle R. Greene, 1600 W. 5th. St., Oxnard, California 93 03 0, giving
him the number of birds on your list by 1 April 1970.
[VoL. 40, 1969]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are soHcited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL; The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts* Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8ixll” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in ‘‘continental” form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-hst 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY; When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted*
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request* Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be
through the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate
departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside
front cover.
CONTENTS
A Study of Fall Migratory Bird Populations in Sewage Ponds.
Earl L, Hanebrmk and Allen Rhodes 73
Autumn 1969 T.V. Tower Casualties at Nashville.
Amelia R, Laskey 79
Eastern Bluebird Nesting in 1969 at Ashland City.
Amelia R. Laskey and Martha F. Herbert 81
The Ring’s Index Ornithologorum 82
Round Table Notes
Blackbird Roost at Columbia. George R. Mayfield j Jr 83
Least Sandpipers and Water Pipits during Winter at Arrow Lake.
George R. Mayfield, Jr 83
Clay-colored Sparrow in Hardin County.
David and Michael Fat ter son 84
Harlan’s Hawk at Chattanooga. Jon E. DeVore 85
Loggerhead Shrike Nesting in Carter County. Charles R. Smith 86
Bachman’s Sparrow in Lawrence County. Lloyd Clayton 86
A Goshawk at Nashville. Albert F. Ganier 87
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 88
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Patterson 88
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 89
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 92
Eastern Mountain Region. Charles R. Smith 93
President’s Message for T.O.S. George R. Mayfield, Jr 94
Book Review: Wildlife in Danger. Lee R, Herndon 95
"600 Club” 96
QUARTERLY OQURNflL
TO TENNESSE^BIRDS
7S^
P^' ‘HitlisKcd ^ ^
THETENNESSEE '
ORNITHOLOGICAL
k SOCIETY Ji
»»*■
Pjgl
;^THSO
MARCH 1970
VOL. 41, NO. 1
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
“STATE COUNT COMPILER’’ JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixon, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Taliwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. EIXIS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state). Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Preston
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A,
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 41 MARCH, 1970 NO. 1
ADDENDUM: THE BIRDS OF KNOX COUNTY,
TENNESSEE
By Fred J. Aesop, III and Gary O .Wallace
In the twelve years since the publication of "The Birds of Knox County”,
by Joseph C. Howell and Muriel B. Munroe, 22 additional species have been
recorded in Knox County. "The Birds of Knox County, Tennessee” (Howell
and Monroe, 1957) listed 231 species as reliably reported within the boun-
daries of that county. In the condensed version of that work (Howell and
Monroe, 195 8) three additional species were added, bringing the total to 234.
This paper is intended as a supplement. Herein we have strived for con-
sistency with the original work. Listed are the species for which there are
available reliable records for Knox County from June, 1956 to October, 1969.
Sources of information utilized were issues of The Migrant and the personal
records of members of the Knoxville Chapter of the Tennessee Ornithological
Society.
The 22 species treated in this paper are arranged in the order in which
they appear in the Check-list of North American Birds (1957) prepared by
the American Ornithologists’ Union.
The information on each record is given in the following order: date,
number of individuals, location (referring to the nearest named landmark; see
map. Fig. 1 ) , and the observer.
RED-THROATED LOON {Gavia stellata). — Known from two records:
6 Nov. 1959 (1) Ft. LL (JBO, RBH, Migrant 31:15); 30 Apr. 1967 (1)
Ft. LL (TK, Migrant 3 8:36).
CATTLE EGRET {Bubnlctis ibis) — One record: 5 May 1968 (11) UTCF
(DM, GM, BM, JMC, JTT, TOS, Migrant 39:65) photographed FJA.
WHISTLING SWAN {Oior columbianus) — One record: 9 Dec. 1967 (4)
Ft. LL (CM, TOS, Migrant 39:13).
COMMON SCOTER {Oidemia nigra) — One record: 14 May-14 June 1967
(1) male, CL (JMC, RME, ETS, TOS, Migrant 3 8:67).
[VoL. 41, 1970]
2
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
0
<c
Ll.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
3
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK {Buteo lagopus) — One record: 20 Jan. 1968
(1) light phase, VR (JCH, FJA, JMC, RME, Migrant 39:16) and 21 Jan.
1968 (TOS).
GOLDEN EAGLE {Aqmia chrysaetos) — One record: 29 Oct. 1961 (1)
HM (JO, BG, Migrant 33:20).
PURPLE GALLINULE (Porphyrula martinica) — Known from three rec-
o-rds: 12 Oct. 195 8 (1) K (ME, Migrant 30:9) ; 15 Apr.- 5 May 1962 (1 ) K
(GHB and JBO, Migrant 33:34) ; 1-8 May 1962 (1) C (JBO, Migrant
33:34).
AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER {Pluvialis dominica) — Known from
two records: 1 5 Oct. 1966 (1 ) UTPSF (FJA and JMC ) , 16 Oct. (JTT) ,
present through 26 Nov. 1966 (FJA and TOS, Migrant 38:1-3 ) ; 23 Mar.
1968 (125 ) and 24 Mar. 1968 (30) UTPSF (PP, IW, BW, TOS, Migrant
39:45).
WILLET ( Catoptrophorus semipalmatus ) — Known from three records: 7
Sept. 1963 (1) Sterchi’s Bait Farm on Dry Gap Pike and Jim Sterchi Road
(MS) ; 17 April 1967 (1) pond near jet. Cedar Bluff Rd. and 1-40 (PP) ;
14 May 1967 (1) UTPSF (FJA and JCH).
WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER {Erolia fmcicollis) — One record: 17 Oct.
1958 (1) AJL (RBH, Migrant 30:9) .
LONG-BILLED DOWITCHER {Limnodromtis scolopaceus) — Known
from two records : 2 Oct. -8 Oct. 1966 (1) UTPSF (JMC, FJA, WFS, TOS,
Migrant 38:1-3 ) , photographed (FJA ) ; 14 May 1967 (20) P (JMC, RME,
and ETS).
BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER ( T ryngites suhruficollis ) — One record:
12 Sept.-22 Sept. 1969 (3-6) UTPSF (JB, GB) also (WFS, FJA, JTT, JMC,
JBO, TOS) photographed (FJA) .
RED-COCKADED W OODPECKER (DenJrocopos borealis ) — One rec-
ord: 1 Jan. 1968 (1) S (BC, Migrant 39:22).
TRAILL’S F L YC A TCH E R (Empidonax traillii) — 10 May 1959 (1) UTCF
(KD, RBH, Migrant 31:39) ; 16 May 1959 (1 ) UTCF (DH, PP, JE, Migrant
31:39); night of 20-21 Sept. 1963 (1 ) tower kill, WBIR-TV, Zachary Ridge
(Mr. and Mrs. JCH) ; 16 May 1969 (1) UTCF (FJA)
VERMILION FL YCAT CHER (Pyrocephalus rubinm ) — One record: 21-
22 Oct. 1964, one male in first winter plumage with a second bird which
could have been a female, K (JBO, TW, Migrant 36:14-15 ) .
SWAINSON’S WARBLER ( Limnothyly psis swainsonii) — Known from
four records, all killed at WBIR-TV tower, Zachary Ridge: night of 20-21
Sept. 1963 (3 ) (Mr. and Mrs. JCH) ; night of 12-13 Sept. 1964 (1) (JCH
and JMC) ; night of 2-3 Oct 1964 (2) (JCH, JMC, RME) ; night of 4-5
Oct 1964 (1) (JCH, JMC, RME).
WESTERN MEADOWLARK {Sturnella neglect a) — One record: 19 April
1959 (1) C (DK, RBH) present through 23 May 1959 (RBH, Migrant 30:
24, 30-3 1 ) , also observed by (JCH, PP, BK, AK, CF, RB) .
COMMON REDPOLL {Ac ant his flammea) — 29 Dec. 1968 (1) Karns
(TM) ; one bird seen at the same location 10 Jan. 1969 (JBO).
[VoL. 41, 1970]
4
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL {Loxia leucoptera) — 31 Jan. 1964, one
female and one male, 15 Hedgewood Dr., K (NC) ; 1 Feb. 1964, two females
and one male, Lynnhurst Cemetery, K (NC, JMC) ; the crossbills remained in
the cemetery through 22 March 1964, numbers observed varied from 1-20
(av. 7), (JMC, Migrant 35: 25-30).
HENSLOW’S SPARROW {Passerherbulns hemlowH) — Known only from
one record: night of 28-29 Sept. 1963 (1) a bird killed during a night migra-
tion when it struck WBIR (Channel 10) TV Tower, Zachary Ridge (JCH).
OREGON JUNCO {Jtmco oreganus) — 21 Jan. 1963 (1) 15 Hedgewood
Dr., K (NC) also observed by (JMC, MCF); 27 Jan. 1963 (1) K (ME,
Migrant 34:16); all of Jan. 1965 (2) K (PP); 17 Jan. 1965 (1 ) K (JMC);
and 3 Feb. 1965 (1) K (ME, Migrant 36:10).
TREE SPARROW (Spizella arborea) — 17-26 March 1960 (1) K (BL,
JTT, Migrant 31:15); 2-3 Feb. 1965 (1) K (MS, Migrant 36:10); 25 Jan.
1968 (10) FIM (PP, Migrant 39:22); 10 Feb. 1968 (4) UTPSF (CM), the
4 Tree Sparrows were present through 9 March 1968 (FJA).
Observers: FJA — Fred J. Alsop, III, GHB — G. H. Baker, GB — Gilbert
Banner, J. B. — Joshua Banner, RB — Ralph Bullard, JMC — James M,. Campbell,
NC — Nancy Campbell, BC — Brockway Crouch, KD — Kenneth Dubke, RME
— Ray M. (Danny) Ellis, JE — John Elson, ME — ^Mary Enloe, MCF — Mr. and
Mrs. Merritt C. Farrar, CF^ — ^Mr. and Mrs. Carl Frister, BG — Bill Gallagher,
RBH — Robert B. Hamilton, DH — ^David Highbaugh, JCH — Joseph C. How-
ell, AK — Audrey Kaiman, BK — Berney Kaiman, TK — Tony Koella, BL — ^Beth
Lacey, BM — Beulah McGhee, DM — Dennis McGhee, GM — ^George McGhee,
TM — Terry McGown, CM — ^hris McMillan, JO — ^John Ogden, JBO — J. B.
Owen, PP— Paul Pardue, WFS— William F. Searl, III, ETS— Ed. T. Smith,
MS — Maxie Swindell, JTT — James T. Tanner, TOS-^ — Tennessee Ornithological
Society (Knoxville Chapter), TW — Mr. and Mrs. Tom Walton, BW — Bill
Williams, IW— Irene Williams.
SUMMARY
This list adds 22 species of birds to those already listed for Knox County.
The total number of species recorded from within the boundaries of that
county now stands at 256.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank Dr. J. C. Howell for his suggestions and critical reading
of this manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. Check-List of North American Birds.
5 th ed. Amer. Ornith. Union, Baltimore, Md.
Howell, J. C. and Muriel B. Monroe. 1957. The birds of Knox County, Ten-
nessee. /. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32 (4): 247-322.
195 8. The birds of Knox County, Tennessee. The Migrant, 29 (2):
17-27.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Tennessee,
Knoxville 37916.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
5
THE 1969 CHRISTMAS SEASON BIRD COUNT
The fortieth annual Christmas Season Bird Count listed a total of 126
species. This represents the second highest species count ever recorded for the
Christmas Count and is exceeded by the previous high count of 130 species
recorded in 1965. The number of individual counts also continues to increase,
with seventeen counts being submitted this year.
Perhaps the highlight of this year’s counts was the unusual sightings re-
ported from various locations, among them being: Rough-legged Hawk and
Lesser Yellowlegs at Memphis; Virginia Rail, LeConte’s Sparrow, Tree Sparrow,
and Lapland Longspur at Reelf oot Lake; Least Sandpiper and Brewer’s Black-
bird at Columbia; Oldsquaw, Goshawk, and Tree Sparrow at Nashville; Least
Sandpiper, Bonaparte’s Gull, and Snow Bunting at Hickory-Priest; White-
winged Scoter at Chattanooga; Least Sandpiper and Dunlin at Hiwassee; Semi-
palmated Plover, Lesser Yellowlegs, and Summer Tanager at Knoxville; White-
winged Crossbill at Great Smoky Mountains National Park; and Swainson’s
Thrush at Elizabethton.
With an increase in both the numbers of counts taken and the number of
individual participants in the field, compilers are urged to renew their efforts
at attaining undisputable accuracy in reporting counts for publication.
INFORMATION ON THE COUNT
MEMPHIS — 3 5° 09’ N, 89° 56’ W (All points within a 15 -mile diameter
circle, center Highland Heights; roughly 195 3 areas; wooded bottomlands
22%, deciduous woods, city parks and cemeteries 3 0%, pastures, bare fields
15%, suburban roadsides 30%, river edge 3%). 21 December; 07:00 to 16:30,
rain, sleet, snow; temp. 39°to 34° wind NW, 10-17 m.p.h. Twenty-three
observers in eight parties. Total party-hours 69 (48 on foot, 21 by car);
total party-miles 157 (47 on foot, 110 by car).
Rough-legged Hawk (BC, ER, 5 minutes, close). Lesser Yellowlegs (LJ,
BG, close), Vesper Sparrow (HV, 2nd Memphis count). Seen in count period
but not on count day: Dickcissel (GH), Pine Siskin (WLW), Oregon Junco
(Helen D.)
Mr. and Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. (compilers). Dr. Julian Darlington, Mary
Davant, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dinkelspiel, Jack Embury, Earl J. Fuller, Billy C.
Grimm, George Hervey, Robert Holt, Lee R. Johnson, Edward M,. King, Nelle
Moore, John Morrow, George Payne, Jr., Ella Ragland, Ernest Restivo, Dr.
and Mrs. Arlo I. Smith, Dr. Howard Vogel, Dr. Wendell L. Whittemore, Bob-
by Whittemore.
REELFOOT LAKE — 36° 25’ N, 89° 23’ W (All points within a 15 -mile
diameter circle, center in Reelfoot Lake on west side of Starve Pond, extend-
ing northward to north end of Lake 9 in Ky., eastward to bridge on South
Reelfoot Creek near Protemus and to Hornbeak, southward to north end of
Lake Isom Refuge, westward to Miss. River; deciduous woods 30%, fields and
pastures, 50%, lakes and swamps 20%). 26 December; 07:00 to 16:00, clear;
temp. 3 3° to 46°; wind SW, 0-5 m.p.h. Eight observers in four parties. Total
[VoL. 41, 1970]
6
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
party-hours 3 5 (16 on foot, 15 by car, 4 by boat); total party-miles 186 (16
on foot, 152 by car, 18 by boat).
Virginia Rail (JD). Seen in area during count period but not on count
day: Turkey Vulture.
Ben Coffey, Lula Coffey, John DeLime, Janice Leggett, Kenneth Leggett
(compiler), Clell Peterson, Arlo Smith, Noreen Smith.
HENDERSON — ^All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, east extrem-
ity, city of Henderson running west to east shore of Lake Lajoie in Chicka-
saw Park. Center just east of main entrance to park. Area includes Highway
100, Chickasaw Park, Hughes Road south to Montezuma, lower Montezuma
Road, Old Jacks Creek Road to Talley Store, surrounding farm roads and
barnyards. 31 December; 06:00 to 17:15, temp. 33°; wind 1-5 m.p.h., com-
pletely overcast after three days and nights of constant rain. One observer.
Total party-hours 11 | (4 on foot, 7\ by car); total party-miles 65 (4 on
foot, 61 by car) .
Seen in area during count period but not on count day: Common Crow,
Cedar Waxwing.
Mrs. Eddie M,. Carpenter (compiler).
SAVANNAH — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center six
miles SE of Savannah courthouse. 31 December; 07:00 to 17:00. Temp. 30°
to 36°; wind 0-10 m.p.h., cloudy and dark. Four observers in two parties.
Total party-hours 18; total party-miles 110.
Both Bald Eagles were adults, with white heads, necks, and tails.
David (compiler), Mike, Paul, and Roger Patterson.
COLUMBIA — 3 5° 36’ N, 87° 10’ W (All points within a 15 -mile diameter
circle, center, 1 mile west of Zion Presbyterian Church to include Columbia,
Mt. Pleasant, Arrow Lake, Hampshire, Williamsport, Duck River; deciduous
woods 20%, fields and pastures 50%, swamps, lakes, and river banks 15%,
farm yards 5%, towns 10^%). 27 December; 07:00 to 17:3 0; partly cloudy;
temperature 22° to 36°; wind NE 0-8 m.p.h.; patches of snow on ground.
Eight observers in four parties. Total party-hours \9\ (6 by car, 10 on foot,
3 by canoe, ^ by plane); total party-miles 259 (180 by car, 10 on foot, 9
by canoe, 60 by plane).
Large blackbird and Robin roost was present in area. Seen in area during
count period but not on count day: American Woodcock, Winter Wren,
Golden-crowned Kinglet.
William Dale, William Fuqua, Mary Lucy Fuqua, Daniel Gray, Jr., Gaither
Gray, Cleo Mayfield, George Mayfield, Jr. (compiler), and Evelyn Ridley.
NASHVILLE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on the
Harpeth River bridge on Tennessee Highway 100. Radnor Lake was included.
Deciduous wooded hills, 40%; fields and pastures, 25%; river bottom fields,
20%; roadsides and suburban yards, 15%. 27 December; 06:30 to 17:00 plus
one party from midnight to 01:30 on an unsuccessful hunt for owls. Temp.
fVoL. 41, 1970]
THE 1969 CHRISTMAS SEASON BIRD COUNTS
1970
THE MIGRANT
7
III II
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[VoL. 41, 1970]
1- legged Hawk
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Memp- Keel- Hender- Savan- Colum- Nash- Hick- Leba- Chatt- Hiwas- Norris Knox- GSMNP Greene- Eliza- Kings- Bris-
his foot son nah bia ville ory P. non anooga see ville ville bethton port tol
8
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
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[VoL. 41, 1970]
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his foot son ah bia ville ory P, non nooga see villa villa bethton port tol
1970
THE MIGRANT
9
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[VoL. 41, 1970]
Total Individuals 19667 90220 1340 15809 1674968 18921 7647 3332 3910 61641 3876 10916 5613 3635 1679 2183 3599
total species 60 91 48 65 74 77 63 40 77 69 44 68 58 49 60 68 61
10
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
23° to 3 8°; wind 0-5 mph from SW. Clear until noon, then some clouds.
Thirty-eight observers in fourteen parties. Total party-hours 113 (78 by car,
3 5 on foot); total party-miles 313 (275 by car, 3 8 by foot).
Goshawk by Albert Ganier and party (Ben Grose, John and Martha Her-
bert). (The Migrant 40: 87). Oldsquaws by Erline Elmore on Radnor Lake.
Confirmed later in the afternoon by both Harry Monk and Henry Parmer.
Tree Sparrow was by Roger Harshaw. Two additional birds were found a few
days later. The Chipping Sparrows were by Goodpasture, Mike Bierly, Harshaw,
and Tarbel.
B. H. Abernathy, Francis Abernathy, Clyde and Vivian Anderson, Bob
Ake, Buck Bell, Sue Bell, Mike Bierly, Mary Rose Bradford, Kenneth Bunting,
Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger, Erline Elmore, Charles Farrell, Clara Fentress,
Albert F. Ganier, Katherine A. Goodpasture, Ben Grose, Roger Harshaw, John
and Martha Herbert, Mrs. A. B. Herron, Louise Jackson, Carol Knauth, Mar-
garet Mann, Harry C. Monk, Anne Nickols, Henry E. Parmer (Compiler),
Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Patrick, Mr. and Mrs. Bob Sharp, Mrs. Walter Sharp, Anne
Tarbell, Laurence O. Trabue, Joey Vaudrey, Mr. and Mrs. George Woodring.
HICKORY-PRIEST (Formerly Old Hickory Lake) — All points within a
15 -mile diameter circle, center mouth Stones River at the Cumberland, north-
ward to dam and lower 8 miles of Old Hickory Reservoir, southward to lower
4 miles J. Percy Priest Lake, westward to Bush Lake, eastward to 1 mile west
of Mount Juliet; fields and pastures 40%, town and suburbs 30%, deciduous
woods 20%, lakes and rivers 10%. 21 December: 07:00 to 16:45; temp. 38°
to 42°; wind S 6-12 m.p.h.; overcast, rain all day. Seven observers in three
parties plus three at feeders'L Total party-hours 19 (8 on foot, 1 1 by car);
total party-miles 159 (6 on foot, 153 by car).
The Blue Goose (Riggins-Tarbell) was an immature and had been present
for a month. The Least Sandpiper (Riggins-Tarbell) had been present occa-
sionally all winter. The Brown Thrashers were at feeders. Five thousand of the
5 567 Starlings reported were seen in the town roost. Of the 177 White-
crowned Sparrows seen, 173 were in one flock at the back of Bush Lake. The
Snow Buntings (Monk-Parmer) were first sighted on 29 November and have
been photographed. They have been seen by over twenty observers on fifteen
different days. Seen in area count period, but not on count day: Red-tailed
Hawk, Marsh Hawk, Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Michael Bierly (compiler), Marie Drumright'% Roger Harshaw, Carol
Knauth"', Margaret Mann"', Harry Monk, Henry Parmer, Heather Riggins,
John Riggins, Ann Tarbell.
LEBANON — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle center Wilson
County. 26 December; weather good; temp. 3 5°.
Mrs. Alice B. Gilreath (compiler).
CHATTANOOGA — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center
on the National Cemetery; fields and pastures 3 5%, woodlands 20%, ponds
and lakes 15%, creeks and rivers 15%, roadsides 10%, and residential areas
5%. 28 December: 05:00 to 19:00. Temp. 33° to 47°; wind 0-6 m.p.h. from
the SW, some very light rain in the early a.m., cloudy all the p.m., some
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
11
patches of snow in the higher elevations and shaded areas. Eleven observers in
seven parties.
The six White-winged Scoters (2 males, 4 females) were observed by De-
Vore and Garrett immediately above Chickamauga Dam on the lake. The birds
were first seen in flight over the lake as they were circling a raft of other
waterfowl. The white speculum was clearly visible. After landing on the lake
the birds were again brought under observation, this time with a 2 Ox scope.
The white eye patch of the males was visible as the birds swam within 150
yards of the observers. The birds remained at this location all during the day
and since that time there have been several additional sightings of this species
from the same area.
Francis Barnwell, Jon E. DeVore (compiler), Kenneth Dubke, Dr. and
Mrs. John R. Freeman, James Garrett, Gladys Nelson, Mable Norman, Beulah
Parks, Lee Shafer, Veta Sliger, Mary Tunsberg.
HIWASSEE — ^All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center on State
Highway 5 8 Bridge at the Hiwassee River; agricultural fields 30%, deciduous
woods 30%, creeks and rivers 15%, residential areas 10%, roadside and weedy
areas 10%, evergreen woods 5%. 23 December: 06:00 to 19:00. Temp. 29°
to 41°; overcast all day with somewhat lighter conditions in the late p.m.
Three observers in two parties. Total party-hours 21 (12 on foot, 9 in car);
total party-miles 175 (30 on foot, 145 by car).
The Bald Eagle (DeVore) was an adult and was seen perched in a large
dead tree at the Hiwassee Island State Waterfowl Refuge. The Least Sandpiper
and Dunlin (Dubke -Wagner) were observed at the Mouse Creek and Candies
Creek area. These birds have been present all winter and are presumed to be,
in part, the same group which has wintered in this area for the past several
years.
Jon E. DeVore (compiler), Kenneth H. Dubke, Mark Wagner.
NORRIS — 36° 13’ N, 84° 15’ W (All points within a 15 -mile diameter
circle, center BM 1062, Norris Dam, to include Clinch River, Hinds Creek,
Clear Creek, Norris Lake, Cane Creek, Norris, Andersonville, Lake City mixed
hardwoods, cedars, pines 5 5% fields and pastures 40%; towns 5 % ; in typical
southern Appalachian ridges and valleys. 20 December: 08:00 to 16:30, clear
a.m.; partly cloudy p.m.; temp. 23° to 40°; wind NNW, 0-10 m.p.h.; puddled
water frozen, other water open. Ten observers in four parties. Total party-
hours 49 (42 on foot, 7 by car); total party-miles 135 (21 on foot, 114 by
car) .
James H. Burbank (compiler), Mrs. J. H. Duggins, Richard Fitz, Gordon
Hall, Frank Holland, Ben D. Jaco, Bill Jaco, Mrs. Frances Olson, Walter P.
Nickell, Mrs. George Wood.
KNOXVILLE — 3 5° 59’ N, 83° 59’ W, (All points within a 15 -mile di-
ameter circle, center Oak Ridge Highway and Third Creek, including Island
Home, Toole’s Bend, Andrew Jackson Lake, Powell Station; mixed hardwoods
30%, fields and pastures 26%, roadsides 24%, suburbs 12%, lakeside 8%).
21 December: 07:00 to 17:00, overcast; temp. 30° to 3 5°; wind NE 0-5
[VoL. 41, 1970]
12
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
m.p.h.; rain, sleet, and snow during half of day. Eighteen observers in twelve
parties. Total party-hours 82 (47 on foot, 3 5 by car); total party-miles 410
(50 on foot, 360 by car).
The Semipalmated Plovers were observed at close range, watched for a
half hour, all field marks seen, by Muriel Monroe. The Lesser Yellowlegs was
identified by Tony Koella. The Summer Tanager has been appearing regularly
at a feeding station, where it has been seen by several observers.
Joshua Bonner, James Campbell, John Elson, J. C. Howell, Susan Hoyle,
Tony Koella, Terry McGown, Muriel Monroe, Holly Overton, J. B. Owen,
Myrtle Sanders, Boyd Sharp, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Smith, James Tanner (com-
piler) , Gary Wallace, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Williams.
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK— 3 5° 40’ N, 83°
29’ W, (All points within a 15-mile diameter circle, centered on Bullhead
to include US 441 Pigeon Forge to Gatlinburg, Tenn. 73 Emerts Cove to
Gatlinburg; Newfound Gap Road from Gatlinburg to Newfound Gap; Little
River Road from Sugarlands to Metcalf Bottoms; West Prong Little Pigeon
River; Little River; LeConte Creek; Laurel Falls; Wear Cove; Greenbrier
Cove; Cherokee Orchard; Sugarlands; open farmland 15%; abandoned fields
10)%; farm woodlots 5%; stream courses 15%; deciduous forest 25%; pine
forest 5%; spruce-fir forest 15%; towns 5%; roadsides 5%). 28 December,
06:45 to 17:00. Overcast, light drizzle and light rain all day. Temp. 16° to
44°. Wind variable in direction, 0-10 m.p.h. Four inches snow in lower ele-
vations, 22 inches in higher elevations. Twenty-eight observers in nine parties.
Total party-hours 66 (30 on foot, 36 by car); total party-miles 273 (32 on
foot, 241 by car).
Winnifred E. Brown, Danny Ellis, Maurice Grigsby, David Hassler, Robbie
Hassler, Joseph C. Howell, Greg Jackson, Tony Koella, Mrs. George McGown,
Kevin McGown, Mary Mcllwain, Chris McMillan, Robert A. Monroe, Mrs.
R. A. Monroe, Louise Nunnally, Pauline G. Ryder, Richard Ryder, Terry
Satterfield, Johneta L. Smith, Louis F. Smith, Jr., Bill Williams, Irene Wil-
liams, George Wood, Hedy Wood, Richard C. Zani (compiler).
GREENEVILLE — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center three
miles west of Greeneville on Highway llE. Woodlands 50%; fields, farm
lands, and stream borders 40%; towns and residential 10%. 27 December:
08:00 to 17:00. Temp. 26° to 3 3°; winds 0-3 m.p.h., cloudy, snowing a.m.,
clearing p.m., snow up to five inches deep on ground. Fifteen observers in ten
parties. Total party-hours 34, total party-miles 56 (6 on foot, 50 by car).
Elizabeth Burleson, Mrs. Marjorie Clemens, Mrs. Chester Darnell, Mrs.
Elizabeth Edens, Mr. and Mrs. William Fischer, Mr. and Mrs. King Gaut,
Richard Kulmeyer, Mr. and Mrs. Irving Landmark, Mr. and Mrs. Richard
Nevius (compilers), Richard Sievert, Mrs. Royal Specs.
ELIZABETHTON — All points within a 15 -mile diameter circle, center
Wilbur Dam, to include Wilbur Lake, major portion of Watauga Lake, parts
of Watauga and Doe Rivers, parts of Holston and Iron Mountains, city of
Elizabethton; lake borders 5%, stream borders 50%, woodlands 30%, weed
fields 15%. 28 December: 07:00 to 17:00. Temp. 16-40° F.; wind light and
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
13
variable; clear a.m., cloudy p.rn.; all waters clear; 12-16 inches snow on
ground throughout area. Ten observers in five parties. Total party-hours 27
(19 on foot, 8 by car); total party-miles 156 (12 on foot, 144 by car).
The Swainson’s Thrush and Chipping Sparrow were observed by Bill Bridg-
forth. Dr. Jerry W. Nagel, Pete Range, and Charles R. Smith. Both species
were observed at close range (15-30’) for periods of 10-15 minutes with 7x
and lOx binoculars.
Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Behrend, Bill Bridgforth, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck,
Jo Ann Dillenbeck, Joy Dillenbeck, Roby May, Dr. Jerry W. Nagel, Pete
Range, Charles R. Smith (compiler) .
KINGSPORT— 36° 30’ N, 82° 31’ W (All points within a 1 5 -mile di-
ameter circle, center Pactolis, to include parts of Bays Mt., borders of Holston
River, Patrick Henry and Boone Lakes; fields 15%, woods 20%, residential
25%, lakes, rivers, and shores 40% ) . 27 December: 07:30 to 17:30, cloudy
with occasional light rain and snow; temp. 24° to 30°; no wind; 10 inches of
snow on ground, preventing roadside parking. Eight observers in eight parties.
Total party-hours 26 (21 on foot, 5 by car) ; total party-miles 78 (13 on foot,
65 by car) .
The Red Crossbills were seen by Finucane on Bays M.t.
Roy Allen, Marie Brown, Tom Finucane (compiler) , Ed Gift, Martin King,
Arthur Smith, Ann Switzer, Jonathan Wert.
BRISTOL — All points within a 1 5 -mile diameter circle, center at junction
of Route 647 and Route 654, to include Bristol, South Holston Lake and
River; fields and farmland 40%, mixed deciduous forest 25%, lakes and
rivers 15%, towns and residence 10%, misc. 10%. 21 December; 07:10 to
18:00. Temp. 25° to 3 8° F; wind NE 2-10 m.p.h.; ground bare, water open.
Twelve observers in eight parties. Total party-hours 47 J (30J: on foot, lOj by
car, 7 by boat) ; total party-miles 283 (14 on foot, 211 by car, 5 8 by boat) .
The Common Merganser was found at Avens Bridge, Va. on South Hols-
ton Lake by Wallace Coffey and Brent Rowell. A good study with a 3 Ox
Balscope. Gerry Delantonas identified the Savannah Sparrow near Saddle Dam,
Tenn. at South Holston Lake. Both species represent first records for the
Bristol count.
Ann Cantwell, J. Wallace Coffey (compiler) , Mrs. Ernest Dickey, Mr.
and Mrs. Gerry Delantonas, David McPeak, Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Ottenfeld,
Brent Rowell, Enno VanGelder, Johnny Wood.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
14
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT
By Thomas W. Finucane
The 1969 T.O.S. total was about 45 00, our lowest since 1964. In contrast,
stations where hawk migration is studied northeast of the T.O.S. area reported
record highs in 1969, as in 1968, when we also had a record count of 24,000.
Analysis of the 1969 fall migration of the Broad- winged Hawk is in prepara-
tion by Aaron Bagg for publication in the AuJiihon Field Notes, on the basis
of our data and data from many other sources.
Fluctuations in the numbers of Broad-winged Hawks observed in fall mi-
gration are related to variations in weather. There are many ways for the
weather to determine the character of the migration. It is possible, for exam-
ple, to account for what seems to be a steady increase in the fall Broad-wing
migration in Pennsylvania and in our areas by taking note of the decrease in
the numbers counted at major stations on the Great Lakes. There is no simple
explanation for this effect, but the existance of regular weather cycles of 10
to 12 years has been firmly established, and these have been shown to be part
of a system of larger cycles. Before any evaluation of the effects of such cy-
cles on the fall hawk migration can be made, we need better comparisons of
year-to-year variations in the counts at all stations in the United States and
Canada.
It is well known that hawks migrate on a roundabout course. In particu-
lar, they do not cross the Great Lakes. Furthermore, when they encounter a
large area of heavy overcast, they detour. The Broad-winged Hawks migrate
where they find updrafts of the kind for which they are adapted. Such up-
drafts are not found over water and are suppressed over land areas under
clouds and rain. In 1969 there was an area of rainy weather just north and
east of our stations, during the days when our heaviest hawk migration is ex-
pected. Since these hawks are generally heading southwest, they probably
would bypass our area by flying west on a course north of it.
Besides depressing the counts, heavily overcast skies change the migration
routes of hawks traveling within the area under clouds. In the T.O.S. project
the effect has nearly always been relatively high counts at low-altitude sta-
tions. This effect has been mentioned before, in connection with counts made
by Mr. Scott in Nickelsville and simultaneous counts at the Mendota Fire
Tower lookout. We have noticed also that under overcast skies the Rogersville
Kyles Ford lookout has higher counts than the Mendota, although we have
been listing both at 3000 ft. Now we find the former to be listed as only
2400 ft. high, on maps we have recently purchased from the TVA. On four
of the five days of simultaneous observations from these stations higher counts
were made at the lower altitude station in 1969.
On a rainy September day in 1957 at the FM transmitter on Bays Mt.
(2300 ft.), we counted 19 migrating hawks in four hours: a Sharp-shin, 16
Broad-wings, a Marsh Hawk, and an Osprey. During a week of clouds and rain
in September, 1969, when I might have stayed all day on the Mendota Fire
Tower without seeing a single Broad-winged Hawk, I tried the FM location
on Bays Mt. again and counted four in 1^ hours. The only other hawk watch
on Bays Mt. in 1969 was on the River Mt. Fire Tower (2400 ft.) where Bill
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
15
and Dick Finucane saw only one Broad-wing in 6^ hours, in good weather in
the heart of the migration season for the species. In previous years Tom
Odom’s data have demonstrated that River Mt. has low counts on days when
the Mendota Fire Tower has its highest counts.
For a period of eight days, 17 to 25 Sept., exactly in the middle of our
Broad-wing migration, the Mendota Fire Tower total was only 12 5, including
109 on 18 Sept., when there was a slight improvement in the weather. The
next two days were cloudy and rainy, but we did spend some time on the
lookout to check the weather. Then conditions improved on 21 Sept., but we
had only eight hawks in six hours of observation. Mr. Scott, however, had
counted eleven on his way to the lookout. He also had heard from a motorist
that there was an extensive area of heavy rain not far north from our lookout
that morning. (This was the day Frances Olson saw a flight of 300 Broad-
wings in Knoxville). Next day, 22 Sept., the count at the Mendota Fire Tower
was zero. The following three days were rainy (including the day I saw four
hawks on Bays Mt.) Then came a clear day, 26 Sept., the day of the big count
in the Chattanooga area. We had 155 at Mendota and 660 on the day after.
The weather was getting worse, however, and next day, 28 Sept., the count
on Mendota was zero again.
It is not only in bad weather that the Mendota Fire Tower has poor counts.
When the sky is perfectly clear, the migration may proceed on lower ridges.
This happened, for example, in 1960, when the T.O.S. total exceeded 10,000,
but the Mendota Fire Tower count was only 845 for 60 hrs. or observation.
Large hawk flights were seen at four low-altitude locations: Kingsport; the
gap below the Rogersville Kyles Ford Tower Knob; Knoxville; and especially
in Chattanooga, where Mrs. Crownover reported 498 5 Broad-wings flying at
all levels past the Elder M,t. Fire Tower (1880 ft.) on 25 Sept. 1960. If high
flight is more efficient, then clear skies do not always provide the best condi-
tions for hawk migration. But in the best weather for hawk migration the
flights may be too high to be visible from our lookouts. Or perhaps in the
best weather for migration the hawks are scattered rather than concentrated,
or perhaps they ride in the updrafts generated by advancing cold fronts. (See
The Migrant 31:2, 1960).
Good hawk counts are more difficult to explain than poor hawk counts.
If atmospheric conditions are such that the distinction between good lookouts
and surrounding areas is enhanced, a larger fraction of the flight will appear
at the lookout. As I remember some of the large flights I saw in 1968, they
seemed to be moving more slowly than flights we have observed in other years.
In 1968 we saw large, swirling masses drifting along where we had in other
years seen streams of hawks that never wavered from direct flight. So per-
haps the best conditions for hawk migration are not the best conditions for
hawk counts.
The halfway point in the data came on 26 Sept., when 1136 hawks were
recorded in the Chattanooga area, including 8 86 recorded in five hours on the
Dunlap Tower Lookout by Gene and Adele West.
Recorded hours of observation were 249 (about average), but the num-
ber of observation sorties was far above average. Besides the items in Table 1,
[VoL. 41, 1970]
16
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
TABLE 1
ANNUAL AUTUMN HAWK COUNT 1969
No.
Date
Obs.
Hrs.
Area
1 Wind
Sky
T.
Shn Cpr Rdt Rsh
Bwg
Msh
Osp SpH Undnt
1
8/30
R
3
E
E
0
70
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
2
31
D
D
1-5 ese
5
70
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
3
31
w
R
1-5 ESE
3
70
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
4
9/1
w
R
0
3
75
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
5
1
OR
6
M
-
6
7
DM
4
D
1-5 wsw
0-4
75
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
7
9
K
6
D
2 NKW
0
65
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
8
10
CE
4
M
1-4
-
53
-
-
-
-
68
-
-
2
-
9
11
F
2'A
Fi
2 E-NE
1-5
65
1
-
1
-
120
-
-
-
-
10
12
w.
1
R
0
2
75
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
-
-
11
12
CFb
Tk
Fi
1 E
3
60
-
-
-
-
62
-
1
3
-
12
13
LO
8
K
1 SE
0
63
-
-
3
-
175
-
1
-
5
15
13
OR
4
Q
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
-
14
15
ASY
8
M
2 N
T
-
-
-
2
-
32
-
-
-
-
15
14
DWd
5
D
1-2 33E
1
76
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
-
-
16
14
H
vk
L
2-4 SE
2
70
-
1
-
2
27
-
-
-
-
17
14
LNO
8
K
4 E-SE
1
68
-
-
3
-
64
-
-
-
4
18
14
R
2
Q
-
4
58
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
19
14
UV
6/
V
0
1
75
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
la
20
15
K
4
D
2-4 E
0
69
-
-
1
-
11
1
-
-
-
21
15
FSV
8
M
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
171
-
1
-
5
22
16
K
4
D
3-5 SE
1
68
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
16
ASV
6
M
3 E
1
66
-
-
-
-
147
-
-
1
1
24
16
CE
5
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
25
17
V
7
K
2-5 SW
5-3
65
-
-
4
-
16
-
-
-
-
26
17
F
7
M
3 SE
4
80
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
-
lb
27
18
W
4
D
1 E
3
76
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
28
18
SV
7}^
M
2-6 NW
3
75
2
-
2
-
109
-
-
1
-
29
20
FS
3
M
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
30
21
W
1
R
0
4
-
-
-
-
-
152
-
-
-
-
31
21
B
%
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
500
-
-
-
-
52
21
T
6/
K
2 E-SE
0
68
-
1
3
-
29
-
-
-
2
33
21
FGS
5K
M
3 SE
1
65
-
-
1
-
6
-
-
-
1
3^
21
S
Z
3 SE
1
65
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
-
1
35
21
CR
5>^
H
0-5 SE
-
62
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
1
-
36
22
CPS
2/,
M
0-3 E
2
67
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
24
w
3
D
0-1 NW
4
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
38
24
F
1)^
B
0
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
39
25
W
3
D
0-3 WNv;
4-0
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
40
25
w
1}^
S
0-3 WNW
0
-
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
-
-
41
26
w
5
D
1-2 N
1
-
-
-
-
-
886
-
-
-
-
42
26
Q
t
X
1-2 N
1
-
-
-
-
-
250
-
-
-
-
^5
26
AFJ
6
M
0-1 HE
0
63
2
1
-
-
155
-
-
-
3
44
27
V/X
3
D
3 SE
1
-
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
-
-
45
27
z
6
Q
1-2 SE
1
68
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
1
-
46
27
T
8
K
1 SE-W
1
68
4
1
2
3
191
-
1
-
la 2b
47
27
AFI
8}^
M
0-3
2
64
2
2
-
1
653
-
1
-
1
48
28
D
5)^
D
2-5 NNW
0-2
70
-
-
-
-
150
-
-
-
-
49
28
Wh
2
R
0-1 N
2
70
-
-
-
-
116
-
1
-
-
50
28
t
4/
K
0-2
4
-
-
1
1
-
4
_
_
_
_
51
'28
F
4/.
M
ne-N
4-0
-
-
-
3
1
_
_
_
_
_
52
30
K
4
D
2 S-NW
1
62
-
1
-
_
_
_
_
_
53
30
F
M
2-0 SSE
2
65
-
_
_
_
21
_
_
_
1
54
10/5
F
6
M
1 NW
3
65
3
-
1
_
_
_
_
2
2a
55
9
F
9
M
3-0 SE
0
60
TOTALS
249
14
9
36
7
4215
1
7
13
31
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
17
TABLE 2
Observations in the Roan Mt. Area by Mrs. Swindell
8/22 24 25 26 2? 28 29 31 9/1 7 9 16 1? 18 19 22
Coopers Hawk - -
Red-tailed - -
Broad-winged 9 6
Marsh Hawk - -
5 ----- 1
12 14 8 12 - 9 2
- - - 2 - - 5
- 2 - - 4 - 6
- 7 - - 1 2 1
1 - 1 - - - 5
Sharp-shinned
Coopers Hawk
Red-tailed
Red-shouldered
Broad-winged
Marsh Hav/k
Sparrow Hawk
9/25 26 27 28 30 10/1 3 4 10 24 29 30 31 H/2 18
43-- - -
2-213 22-1--- - - -
26 521- - 2- 34-- - - -
- - - - - - - - -
87 12 53 - - -- -- -- - - -
1--- - - -- -- 521 1-
---- - - -1
we made a few October and November observations from four stations on the
Clinch Mt. and Powell Mt. On 29 October, we saw a Golden Eagle making
several dozen circles in the valley north of the Mendota Fire Tower before
disappearing down range. Although this was the first Golden Eagle recorded
at the Mendota Fire Tower since 12 October 1957, the record has little sig-
nificance since we spend very little time observing hawks at this lookout after
the first week in October. On the other hand, Mrs. Swindell’s observations
continued into November, in the Roan Mt. area, with better results than ours
on the Clinch and Powell (See Table 2).
KEY TO REPORTERS
A — Charlotte Finucane, Kingsport; B — Frances Olson, Norris; C — Wallace
Coffey, Bristol; D — Jon DeVore, Chattanooga; E — Johnny Wood, Bristol;
F — Thos. Finucane, Kingsport; G — Mr. and Mrs. Roy Allen, Mr. and Mrs.
Arthur Smith, Kingsport; Robert Quillen, Bristol; H — Mrs. Chester Darnell,
Mrs. Irvin Landmark, Greeneville; I — Mr. and Mrs. Roy Allen, Barney Finu-
cane, Peggy Ferrell, Cub Den 2, Pack 88, Kingsport; J — Mrs. David Hedberg,
Kingsport; K — Ken Dubke, Chattanooga; L — ^Tom and Carol Finucane, Knox-
ville; M — Max Ley, Chattanooga; N — Mrs. Richard Nevius, Mrs. Helen Reed,
Greeneville; O^ — Tom Odom and Tom Odom III, Kingsport; P — Bob Smith,
Bristol; Q — Charles Sterchi, Chattanooga, R — Brent Rowell, Bristol; S — E. E.
Scott, Nickelsville, Va.; T — Tom Odom; U — Dickie Finucane; V — Bill Finu-
cane; W — Mr. and Mrs. Eugene West, Chattanooga; X — Carl Gevers, Chatta-
nooga; Y — Grade, Barney, Marion Finucane, Robin Ferrell, Cub Den 2, Pack
88; Z — Mr. and Mrs. Ottenfeld, Mr. and Mrs. Nunley, Mr. and Mrs. Coffey;
b — Don Wiley, Kevin Henry, Kingsport; d — Maxine Crownover, Mr. and
Mrs. H. L. Sliger, Chattanooga; h — Kay Bosworth, Chattanooga.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
18
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
KEY TO OBSERVATION STATIONS
B — Bays Mt. FM Tower, 2300 ft.; D — Dunlap Fire Tower, 2637 ft.; E~
2227 Edgemont, Bristol City Limits, 1672 ft.; H — Hay tor’s Gap Knob Fire
Tower, 4208 ft.; K — Rogersville Kyles Ford Fire Tower, 2401 ft.; L — Meadow
Creek Fire Tower, 2875 ft.; M — Mendota Fire Tower, 3018 ft.; N — Knox-
ville, 1000 ft.; Q — McQueen’s Knob Fire Tower, 3 885 ft.; R — Red Bank,
residence of E. M. West; V — ^^River Mt. Fire Tower, Kingsport, 2397; X —
Hixon High School, near Chattanooga; Z — Moccasin Ridge, 2200 ft.; S —
Signal Point Park, 1620 ft.
IN MEMORIAM
Ralph L. Dunckel
Ralph L. Dunckel, 66, died of a heart attack during the night of 7 De-
cember 1969, after spending his last day happily banding White-throated
Sparrows and Purple Finches at his home in suburban Cookeville. With his
passing, organized "birding” in the entire Highland Rim area of the Upper
Cumberlands lost its earliest guiding spirit and one of its most knowledgable
participants.
As a boy in his native New York (he was born in Fort Plain in 1903),
he organized his first bird club. It had four members, and a fine of one cent
was levied against those who missed a meeting. (Mrs. Aline Dunckel still
possesses a precious copy of the minutes of the meetings.)
After a number of years in military service, he was forced into temporary
retirement by heart trouble. He and Mrs. Dunckel moved to the Ozarks, in
Arkansas, where bird-watching served as a therapeutic treatment which re-
stored him soon to a normally active life.
He came to Tennessee Tech in 1956 as professor of Mechanical Engineer-
ing, and in 1957 set about organizing bird lovers of the area into the Upper
Cumberland Bird Club. He took the lead in sponsoring a three-year series of
Audubon Screen Tours, beginning in 195 8. He served three terms as president
of the Upper Cumberland Bird Club, taught bird identification through their
songs to Boy Scout groups, and heightened interest in bird lore throughout the
area by the example of his enthusiasm and knowledge.
He spent three years in Indonesia in the early 1 96 O’s at the National Insti-
tute of Technology, at Bandung, on an A.I.D. assignment from the University
of Kentucky. This experience broadened his knowledge of the exotic birds of
the world.
In the words of one of his many friends, "Ralph L. Dunckel was a man of
dignity of bearing, yet never lacking in his concern for those around him; a
man who was gentle yet strong.”
Dr. Sidney McGee, Tennessee Technical University, Cookeville, 3 8 501.
rVoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
19
ROUND TABLE NOTE
EVENING GROSBEAKS AT NASHVILLE— My year of the Evening
Grosbeaks (Hesperiphona vespertina) began 23 December 1968, with the arri-
val of a beautiful male. My husband and I were surprised and excited because
we had never seen an Evening Grosbeak before. Within the hour we had eivery
available container filled with sunflower seeds.
Our efforts were rewarded by the arrival of a female on 28-29 December,
and a male and female on 6-7 January. On 8 January, 2 males and 2 females
came. The number gradually increased until on February, a flock of 48 Eve-
ning Grosbeaks were counted in the yard at one time. During the sleet and
snow on 1 5 February, 37 arrived later than usual, all with frozen tail feathers.
A week later, 23 February, 5 3, the largest number counted at one time were
in the yard. This number gradually decreased until only 2-7, all females were
seen from 1 through 9 April. On 10 April, small flocks of approximately
equal numbers of males and females started to come again. These had greenish
beaks, while the ones seen during the winter had either yellow or bone colored
beaks. No Evening Grosbeaks were seen 27 April. On 28 April, flocks of 16-3 0
appeared. This time the males were more numerous than females. One day 1 3
males and 2 females were on the feeder at once. Birds kept coming until 5
May, when the last three females were seen. Evening Grosbeaks were absent
from the feeders only one day, 27 April, from 6 January until 5 May and on
this day a single male Rose-breasted Grosbeak was there. The largest number
of males counted at one time was 17. Judging from counts of numerous small
flocks, they consisted of about one third males all winter.
During the winter, the Evening Grosbeaks appeared about twenty minutes
after daybreak, except for one sleeting, snowy day, and left between 12:30 and
13:30 each day. This habit did not change even though it started getting light
earlier each day. After 10 April, when the flocks began to build up they ap-
peared about 07:30 and would stay until 15:30-16:00. Without exception, the
largest flocks came on cloudy or rainy days. All winter they seemed to prefer
to feed and perch in the shade; in March and April, they spent most of their
time in the sunny tree tops preening.
The grosbeaks would eat at the window tray while I sat inside. On one
occasion, when I ran the vacuum cleaner, they lined up on the window sill
and peered in as though fascinated by the sound. During their daily visits,
they constantly bickered among themselves for space at the feeder but would
let small birds crowd into their group. One day I saw a tiny goldfinch peck
two female grosbeaks until they moved away.
Mr. H. E. Parmer and Mrs. Carol Knauth alerted members of the Nashville
Chapter of T.O.S. to our flock of unusual visitors. Many members came to
watch from the window with us. Mrs. Goodpasture banded 2 5 of the gros-
beaks, plus several each of the other species. I fed a little over 200 lbs. of sun-
flower seeds and at least 5 0 lbs. of mixed seeds. In addition to the open win-
dow feeder at second story level, there were 3 other feeders close by in the
yard. Four large trees offered perching-preening areas.
Mrs. George R. Miller, 573 Croley Drive, Nashville.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
20
THE MIGRANT
MARCH
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
The weather for the months of November, December, and January may be
described accurately with a single statement. It was very cold; colder than
ever recorded in some areas.
According to data from the U. S. Weather Bureau, November temperatures
were the coldest ever recorded for Chattanooga for that month. Memphis ex-
perienced its coldest November in the last ten years. It was especially cold in
the Ridge and Valley and Mountain Regions during that month. A statewide
cold spell on 14 and 15 November set new daily record low temperatures for
northeastern Tennessee, Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville. A second cold
spell from 20 to 29 November was not as severe as the first. Precipitation was
below normal and unevenly spaced throughout the month, with many areas
becoming quite dry by the end of November. The first measurable snowfall
occurred on 14 November, with 1-4 inches over the mountains and little or
none across the rest of the state.
December continued the cold trend, with temperatures 4-5 degrees below
average across the state. Precipitation was from 2-4 inches above average for
December. A period of relatively heavy snow occurred from 25-27 December,
with some heavy rain on 29 and 30 December, across the state.
January was very cold and yery dry. Most of the precipitation fell as snow,
but the total precipitation still remained 2-5 inches below normal for most of
the state. It was the driest January since 1963 for the state as a whole. The
eastern portion of the state experienced the coldest January since 1940, accord-
ing to U.S. Weather Bureau data.
The effects of the severe winter weather remain difficult to assess with
respect to avian activity. My impression is that the overall populations of both
land and water birds appeared somewhat reduced. However, it may be that
only the activity of the bird-watchers experienced the reduction! Unfortu-
nately, data from the Ridge and Valley Region were not available for this
period. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the season for the state.
Unusual observations were numerous, especially from the Central Plateau
and Basin Region. Some of the more notable records follow: Common Scoter,
Black-headed Grosbeak, and Oregon Junco from the Western Coastal Plain;
White Pelican, Whistling Swan, White-fronted Goose, White-winged Scoter,
Goshawk, wintering Catbird, and Snow Bunting from the Central Plateau and
Basin; wintering Catbird, and Brewer’s Blackbird from the Mountain Region.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
MARCH
THE MIGRANT
21
Reports of wintering Brown Thrashers remain widespread across the state, in-
dicating that that species might be successfully extending its winter range
northward. Details of the above observations and additional observations may
be found in the reports which follow.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION — LoonS parr oii^s: Common
Loon: 31 Dec. (7) S. Canada Goose: 31 Dec. (35) S. Common Scoter: 22 Feb.
(1, female) HE (EC). Bald Eagle: 31 Dec. (2) S. Bonaparte’s Gull: 14 Dec.
(5) HE (BC, EC). Tree Swallow: 22 Feb. (1) HE (BC, EC). Red-breasted
Nuthatch: more than usual all season, 13 Dec. (12) S. Cedar Waxwing: 31
Dec. (522) S. Black-headed Grosbeak: 19 Jan. to 1 Mar. (1) SB home,
Raleigh, near M (SB, EK). Dickcissel: 24 Dec. (1, possibly immature) M
(GH). Evening Grosbeak: 31 Dec. (12) S. Purple Finch: many records in
region, 31 Dec. (77) S. Pine Siskin: many records in region, 13 Dec. (140)
S. Oregon Junco: 24 Dec. (1) M (HD), 31 Dec. (1) H (EC). Vesper Spar-
row: 22 Jan. (1) S (DP). White-throated Sparrow: back to usual numbers
this winter, 31 Dec. (132) S.
Locatiofis: H — Henderson, HE — Horseshoe Eake, Crittendon Co., Arkansas,
M — Memphis Area, S — Savannah Area.
Observers: SB — Mrs. Stanley Buchman, EC — ^Mrs. Ed Carpenter, BC — Ben
B. Coffey, Jr., EC — Lula Coffey, HD^ — ^Mrs. Henry Dinkelspiel, GH — ^^George
Hervey, LK — Mrs. Leslie Kostka, DP — David Patterson.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Loons-Geese: Common
Loon: (1-7) thru 5 Jan. WR (KHD), 9 Nov. (3) OHE (HEP ef al) , 16
Nov. (1) PPL (MLB, ROH), 5 Jan. (1) BT (RDH). Horned Grebe: peak
(139) 15 Dec. to (18) end of period WR (KHD); peak OHL 31 Jan. (27)
(JHR). Pied-billed Grebe: 16 Nov. (10) PPL (JHR) ; from (9) 4 Nov. to a
peak of (65) 8 Dec., then down to (2 5) 30 Jan. WR (KHD); (1-4) NA.
White Pelican: 24 Nov. (1), 15 Dec. (1) Big Sandy Unit, TNWR (GNB).
Double-crested Cormorant: 4, 5 Nov. (1) LD (RTH), 15 Nov. (1) DRU
(MLB, ROH). Great Blue Heron: occasional reports (1-2) entire area. Whis-
tling Swan: 4 Jan. (5) upper OHL (GBW), 13 Jan. (1) DRU (GNB).
Canada Geese: to (13 5) during entire period WR (KHD); 9 Nov. (44) OHL
(HCM ef al.) , 15 Nov. (2000) DRU (NC), about (33), (some color-
collared for locally breeding birds) OHL entire period (NC) ; 24 Nov. (50)
BT (RDH), (24-70) during period LD (RTH). White-fronted Goose: 8
Dec. (1) WR (KHD). Blue Goose: 9 Nov. (4) OHL (HEP ef al), (1)
entire period BL (NC).
Ducks: Mallard: 15 Nov. (5000) DRU (NC), 8 Dec. (1250) down to
(15) 30 Jan. WR (KHD), 31 Jan. (150) OHL (JHR), well below normal
NA. Black: 15 Nov. (300) DRU (NC), (200-|-) during period WR
(KHD), to (200) by 5 Jan. OHL (MLB, JHR). Gadwall: 4 Nov. (34) WR
(KHD), 16 Dec. (130) BT (RDH), (2-5) during period NA. Pintail: 15
Nov. (20) DRU (NC), 8 Dec. (40) WR (KHD), 17 Dec. (3) RL (AT),
16 Dec. (8) BT (RDH), 31 Jan. (50) OHL (JHR). Green-winged Teal:
29 Nov. (13) all males, BL (HEP), (1-12) WR (KHD) during period.
American Widgeon: 15 Nov. (25) DRU (NC), 18 Nov. a peak of (95)
[VoL. 41, 1970]
22
THE MIGRANT
1970
down to (26) 3 0 Jan. WR (KH), 23 Dec. (71) RL (MLB), 31 Jan.
(100-1-) OHL (JHR). Shoveler: 8 Nov. (3) (HCM, HEP) to 5 Jan. (6)
(JHR) both RL, 16 Dec. (36) BT (RDH). Wood: 3 Nov. (34) ACM
(JHR), 26 Nov. (9) RL (MLB), 8 Dec. (1) WR (KHD) last report. Red-
head: 13 Dec. (5) RL (AT), 30 Jan. (3 3) WR, (KHD), 31 Jan (1) CL
(JHR). Ring-necked: from a peak of only (45) 18 Nov. to (25 ) 30 Jan.
WR (KHD), 31 Jan. (100) upper OHL (JHR), very scarce during period
NA. Canvasback: from (13) 18 Nov. to (161) 30 Jan. WR (KHD), 26
Dec. peak of (2 5) RL (AT), 31 Jan. (7) CL (LOT). Lesser Scaup: up to a
peak of (460) 20 Jan. WR (KHD), 27 Nov. (83) CL (MLB), 31 Jan. (74)
upper OHL (JHR), well below normal around NA. Common Goldeneye: late,
first 24 Nov. (5) RL (MLB), from 8 Dec. (1) to 20 Jan. (51) WR
(KHD), peak RL 30 Nov. (13) (JHR), peak OHL 31 Jan. (27) (JHR).
Bufflehead: 1 Nov. (4) (MLB), to 27 Nov. (21) (JHR) both CL, from
18 Nov. (2) to 30 Jan. (77) WR (KHD), few during period RL. Oldsquaw:
10 Nov. (1) RL (MLB), 30 Nov. (1) H (PM) and (4~) RL (JHR), 5 Jan.
(10) DRU (GNB). White-winged Scoter: 2 Nov. thru 24 Dec. (2), 22 Dec.
(3) (AT) both RL, 2 5 Jan. (1) dam OHL (FA, et al.) , 30 Jan. (3) WR
(KHD). Ruddy: 1 Nov. (5) CL (JHR), from 18 Nov. (3) to 30 Jan. (31)
WR (KHD), 26 Dec. (6) RL (AT, MLB). Hooded Merganser: 15 Nov. (15)
DRU (NC), from 18 Nov. (6) to 5 Jan. (193) then down to (1) 30 Jan.
WR (KHD), few NA. Common Merganser: 16 Dec. (8) BT (RDH), 30
Jan. (8) WR (KHD), 31 Jan. (4) OHL (JHR). Red-breasted Merganser:
12 Jan. (2) WR (KHD), first report to writer in three years.
Vultures-Hawks: Turkey Vulture: absent NA Dec., Jan. Black Vulture:
26 Dec. roost (71) ML (MLB), 3 0 Jan. roost WR (3 5) KHD). Goshawk:
27 Dec. (1) mature plumage RR (AFG et al.) Sharp-shinned Hawk: "(2)
thru period after birds at feeders” BT (RDH), 11, 13 Jan. (1) LD (RTH).
Cooper’s Hawk: 24 Jan. (1) CH (MLB, JHR) only report. Golden Eagle:
23 Nov. (2), 13 Dec. (1) WB (HB). Bald Eagle: 15 Nov. (2) DRU (NC),
16 Dec. (2) BT (RDH), 12 Jan. (1) imma. WR (KHD); (1-5) during en-
tire period, with the (5) being 24 Dec., LD (RTH). Marsh Hawk: 3 Nov.
(1) TJ and (2) ACM (MLB, JHR), 19 Nov. (1) BL (HEP), 23 Dec. (1)
BL (JHR), 12 Jan. (1) W (KHD), 18 Jan. (1) PPL (ROH), most records
for several years NA. Osprey: 19 Nov. (1) PPL (ROH), first NA Nov. rec-
ord in 1 5 years.
Coots-Gulh: American Coot: 4 Nov. (10,000) down to (125) 12 Jan.,
then to (832) 30 Jan. WR (KHD), 1 Nov. (148) OHL (JHR) about
constant during period, as were (100-150) RL, 16 Nov. (113) PPL (JHR).
American Woodcock: 1 Nov. (12) LD (RTH), 5 Nov. (3) BT (RDH).
Common Snipe: 1 Nov. (4) CL, (14) OHL (JHR), 27 Nov. (2) BL
(JHR), (2) wintering PPL (ROH). Spotted Sandpiper: 5-11 Nov. (1) BL
(HEP), only report. Lesser Yellowlegs: 1 Nov. (3) OHL (MLB, JHR), 15
Nov. (2) DRU (NC). Pectoral Sandpiper: 9 Nov. (2) CL (HCM, HEP),
15 Nov. (1) DRU (NC). Least Sandpiper: 1 Nov. (8), 27 Nov. (5) CL
(JHR), from (6) down to (1) 27 Dec. for period BL (JHR, HEP). Dunlin:
8 Nov. (7) (JHR), 11 Nov. (4) (HEP), 19 Nov. (8) (HEP), 27 Nov.
(1) (JHR), all BL; 13 Dec. (2) PPL (ROH). Herring Gull: 19 Jan. (6)
OHL seems the peak NA, few WR (KHD). Ring-billed Gull: 8 Dec. (6)
[VoL. 41, 1970]
MARCH
THE MIGRANT
23
to 5 Jan. (211) WR (KHD), peak OHL (400) 26 Jan. (MLB). Bonaparte’s
Gull: (4-6) OHL except 3 Jan. (75) (MLB); 13 Nov. (4) PPL (ROH).
Owls-Warblers: Great Horned Owl: 9 Nov. (2) BT (RDH), 4 Jan. (1)
RL (MLB). Long-eared Owl: 3 Jan. (1) H (VJW) plus many (NC), first
report NA in 20 years. Ruby-throated Hummingbird: 1 Nov. (1) H (Mrs.
TWC) . Red-headed Woodpecker: (2) thru season BT (RDH) , mid Nov.; (2)
plus (3) young CV (SLM,). Red-breasted Nuthatch: well above normal NA,
29 Nov. (20) CH (MLB), 17 Dec. and 31 Jan. (1) BT (RDH), (1-3) LD
(RTH). Winter Wren: 22 Jan. (1) RL (AT) only report. Bewick’s Wren:
17, 18 Jan. (1) LB (WmS), 31 Jan. (1) BT (RDH). Catbird: 3, 6 Nov.
(1), 2 Jan. (1) LD (RTH). Brown Thrasher: many wintering reports with
(1-2) WR (KHD), (1) H WB (HB), several at NA, (1) 20^ Nov. LD
(RTH). Robin: about 20 Dec. thru 20 Jan. a roost (800,000) S.W. Nashville;
from BT Robbie Hassler says "we watched a mass migration 26 Dec. for one
hour and twenty minutes”. Kinglets: occasional records over area. Cedar Wax-
wing: a huge invasion, NA with many flocks (100-500, to (20) occasionally
BT (RDH). Starling: (200,000) roosting with Robins NA in Jan. Myrtle
Warbler: scarce over area with most reports being of single birds.
Blackbirds-Sparrows: Rusty Blackbird: 7 Nov. (1) RL (KAG, MLB), 9,
17 Jan. (1) H (AT), (18) wintering H PPL (ROH). Common Crackle.
(10,000) 12 Jan. WR (KHD), "plentiful” BT (RDH), scarce NA. Indigo
Bunting: 3 Nov. (2) TJ (MLB). Evening Grosbeak: "to (32) daily since
10 Dec.” BT (RDH), (4-7) 14 Dec. thru 13 Jan. WB (HB), 19, 20 Jan.
(1) LB Wm. Welty (fide WmS), 4 Jan (8), 28 Jan. (18) J. P. Mulhern
(fide MLB) only report NA. Purple Finch: perhaps most ever NA with many
flocks (50 + ) at feeders. (1-50) BT (RDH). Pine Siskin: numerous NA with
many flocks (40 + ) and at some feeders for first time. American Goldfinch:
below normal NA. Red Crossbill: 22-23 Nov. (9) BS (KAG, ei al.) , first
middle Tenn. record. Savannah Sparrow: 27 Dec. (1) TJ (HEP). Oregon
Junco: 7 thru 31 Jan. (1) (GRM), well photographed and seen by many
(NC). Tree Sparrow: several reports (1-3) from 27 Dec. NA, with the
larges being (10) during Jan. TJ (KAG). Chipping Sparrow: 27 Dec. (2)
Bellevue (KAG, et al.) White-crowned Sparrow: 8 Nov. (3), 27 Nov.
(100 + ), 21 Dec. (170), all BL ( JHR) ; absent BT (RDH); few WB
(HB). White- throated Sparrow: still declining entire area, unusual to have
as many as (10) reported. Fox Sparrow: few NA, 24 Jan. (9) CH (JHR,
MLB). Swamp Sparrow: scarce NA. Snow Bunting: 29 Nov. (2) near dam
OHL Jack N. Carusos; seen regularly thru 2 5 Jan. by many TOS members;
31 Jan. only female found.
Locations: ACM-Ashland City Marsh, BS — Basin Springs, BL — Bush Lake,
BT — Byrdstown, CL — Coleman’s Lake, CV — Cookeville, CH — ^Craggie Hope,
DRU— Duck River Unit, TNWR, LB— Lebanon, LD— Lilly Dale, ML— Mur-
ray Lane, NA, NA — Nashville Area, OHL — Old Hickory Lake, PPL, Percy
Priest Lake, RL — Radnor Lake, RR — ^River Road, NA, TNWR — Tennessee
National Wildlife Refuge, TJ — Two Jays Sanctuary, WB — Woodbury, WR —
Woods Reservoir.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, HB — Mrs. Hoyte Brv-
son, GiNB — Gary N. Burke, NC — Nashville Chapter, TWC — Mrs. T. W.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
24
THE MIGRANT
1970
Clarke, KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke, AEG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Katherine
A. Goodpasture, ROH — Roger O. Harshaw, RDH — Robbie and Dave Hassler,
RTH — Roy T. Hinds, SLM — ^S. L. McGee, GRM — Mr. and Mrs. Geo. R.
Miller, HCM — Harry C. Monk, EM — Fanny Murphy, HEP — Henry E. Par-
mer, JHR — John and Heather Riggins, WmS — William Senter, AT — Anne
Tarbell, LOT — Laurence Trabue, VJW — Violet Jane Watkins, GBW — George
B. Woodring.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION — Loon-Merganser: Common Loon: 8
Nov. (4) WaL (PR), 22 Nov. (8) WaL (LRH). Horned Greebe: 8 Nov.
(5) WaL (PR). Great Blue Heron: 8 Nov. (1) WaL (PR). Canada Goose:
31 Dec. (8) WaL (PR). Mallard: 22 Nov. (2) WaL (PR). Black Duck: 22
Nov. (54) WaL (LRH). Ring-necked Duck: 22 Nov. (2) WaL (PR), 21
Jan. (25) WiL (FWB). Lesser Scaup: 8 Nov. (20) WiL (PR), 21 Jan. (2)
WiL (FWB). Common Goldeneye: 22 Nov. (5) WaL (PR). Bufflehead: 8
Nov. (18) WiL (PR), 22 Nov. (4) WaL (PR). Hooded Merganser: 22 Nov.
(3) WaL (PR). Red-breasted Merganser: 22 Nov. (3) WaL (PR).
Hawks-Sparrows: Cooper’s Hawk: 2 Nov. (1) UM (PR). Sharp-shinned
Hawk: 11 Jan. (1) MC (CRS). Red-tailed Hawk: throughout November
and December (1-2) HC (MS). Marsh Hawk: 2 Nov. (1) HC (MS). Ameri-
can Woodcock: 2 Nov. (2) UM (PR). Common Snipe: 13 Nov. (1) WiL
(CRS). Great Horned Owl: 4 Dec. (2) MC (CRS). Hairy Woodpecker: 9
Nov. (1) RM (FWB), 5 Dec. (1) HC (MS). Brown Creeper: 9 Dec. (1) MC
(CRS), throughout Jan. ECG (LRH). Catbird: throughout Jan. (1) E (LRH
et ai.) Brown Thrasher: throughout Jan. (1) E (LRH et al.) Hermit Thrush:
30 Nov. (1) HC (MS). Brewer’s Blackbird: 22 Nov. (1) WaL (LRH). Eve-
ning Grosbeak: throughout period (11-75) E. Pine Siskin: throughout period
(lOO’s) RM (FWB). Fox Sparrow: 7-9 Dec. (2-3) HC (MS). Lincoln’s Spar-
row: 6 Nov. (1) EGC (LRH).
Locations: E — Elizabethton, EGC — Elizabethton Golf Course, HC — Heaton
Creek, near Roan Mountain, RM — Roan Mountain, UM — Unaka Mountain,
WaL— Watauga Lake, WiL— Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FWB — Fred W. Behrend, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, PR — Pete
Range, CRS — Charles R. Smith, MS — Maxie Swindell.
Charles R. Smith, Route 2 Johnson City 37601,
[VoL. 41, 1970]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac>
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
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1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
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IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
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REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request* Reprint requests should
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CONTENTS
Addendum: The Birds of Knox County, Tennessee.
Fred J. Alsop, III and Gary O. Wallace 1
The 1969 Christmas Season Bird Count 5
Annual Autumn Hawk Count. Thomas W. Fimurane 14
In Memoriam, Ralph L. Dunckel 18
Round Table Note
Evening Grosbeaks at Nashville. Mrs. George K. Miller 19
The Season. Edited by Charles K. Smith 20
Western Coastal (Plain Region. David E. Patterson 21
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 21
Eastern Mountain Region. Charles R. Smith 24
^ QU/IRTERLY 0QURN/5L
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THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERXY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
**STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixon, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Tahwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Ehioxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state). Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Proton
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 41
JUNE, 1970
NO. 2
WINTER FLOCK STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR
OF THE CAROLINA CHICKADEE
Gary O. Wallace
This Study was part of a larger research project involving the winter be-
havior and ecology of the Carolina Chickadee (Parus carolinensis) . The study
area was located on the University of Tennessee Cherokee Farm, which is lo-
cated about one mile south of Knoxville (Wallace, 1967).
Once young chickadees become independent of their parents, the young
from several different family groups may combine to form loose flocks.
Brewer (1961) states that early summer flocks are composed mostly of young
birds. The adults tend to remain on their breeding territory for a time but
later join these wandering flocks.
Carolina Chickadee flocks apparently are not led by any one bird. The
first bird to move into a new feeding area might be one of the last to leave
the area. Odum (1942) reported this to be true also for the Black-capped
Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) on the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve, Rens-
selaerville, New York.
I was unable to obtain much data on dominance in winter flocks of chicka-
dees. Occasionally a "deedle-up” note was heard which Brewer (1961) calls
the dominance note in the Carolina Chickadee. This note was generally heard
just before or after a fight or what appeared to be a near fight. Moving birds
were often seen to displace sitting birds. I was unable to tell if this was a case
of a dominant versus a subdominant individual or just a moving bird having
a positional advantage over a nonmoving individual. Odum (1942), working
with the Black-capped Chickadee, reported that there was a well-defined domi-
nance order in the winter flocks with males mostly dominant over females and
newcomers being placed at a low position in the dominance order. Dixon
(1963), working with the Carolina Chickadee in Texas, states that the or-
ganization of flocks was hierarchical with resident pairs dominant. Dixon
(1965) states that the Mountain Chickadee (Parus gambeli) travels in small,
cohesive flocks that exhibit linear or peck-right dominance relations.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
26
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
TABLE I
THE AVERAGE RATE OF MOVEMENT IN FEET
PER HOUR OF 28 CAROLINA CHICKADEE FLOCKS
Time
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
March
Total
Morning
7:00-10:00 A.M.
No. Observations
2
2
5
3
12
Average
1,614
1 ,991
1 ,416
1 ,593
1 ,589
Mid-day
10:00 A.M. -3:00 P.M.
No. Observations
3
3
6
0
12
Average
767
1,230
1 ,105
-
1 ,052
Afternoon
3:00-7:00 P.M.
No. Observations
0
2
2
0
4
Average
-
1 ,943
906
-
1,425
Total Observations
5
7
13
3
28
Average
1,106
1 ,051
1 ,195
1 ,593
1 ,186
Variation
0-1,635
1,048-2,598
492-2,241
1 ,257-1 ,825
0-2,598
MOVEMENT OF FLOCKS
The movement of 28 flocks was plotted on separate maps. These flocks
were followed from one to three hours each. The average rate of movement
was about 1,200 feet per hour. The flocks did not move at a uniform rate.
Sometimes they would feed in an area with little movement and then for no
apparent reason move to a new area with very little feeding during the move-
ment. At other times they would slowly drift through the woods feeding as
they went. Up to at least 82 5 feet might be covered in a single movement.
Hinde (1952), working with the Great Tit (Parus major) in England, re-
ported the same type of erratic periods of movement. He defined two types of
movement: drifting movement, which takes place in the course of feeding,
and integrated movements in which there is almost no feeding at all. He re-
ported that as much as 200 yards could be covered at one time during inte-
grated movement. Foster and Godfrey (195 0), working with the British
Willow-Tit (Pariis montanus) , and Odum (1942), working with the Black-
capped Chickadee, reported the same type of behavior.
Table I shows rate of movement of chickadee flocks in relation to time
of day. The average rate of movement was greater in the morning and less in
the middle of the day. Odum (1942) reported the rate of progression to be
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
27
greater in the morning than in the afternoon for flocks of Black-capped
Chickadees. Hinde ( 19 52) states that Great Tit flocks have their highest rate
of movement in the morning and move much less in the afternoon.
An attempt was made to determine the approximate size of the winter
flock range (Dixon, 1963). This was done by following 28 flocks and plotting
their path on separate maps. These were later combined on a single map. On
the basis of the limited data obtained in this study the average size of the
winter flock range of the Carolina Chickadee was determined to be 22 acres
with a variation in size from 15 to 25 acres. Dixon (1963) reported the flock
range of the Carolina Chickadee in Texas to be 10 to 12 acres. Lawrence
( 195 8) reported the winter feeding range of the Black-capped Chickadee to
be 21 to 5 5 acres with an average of 36 acres. Butts (1927) stated that Black-
capped Chickadees have a winter range similar to the White-breasted Nut-
hatch {Sitta carolinensis) , which had a feeding range of 25 to 48 acres. The
routes that the flocks followed within the winter range were very irregular,
but they seemed to have favorite feeding areas and usually visited those places
several times each day.
The distance between individual birds within a flock was by no means
constant. At times the members of a flock would be within inches of each
other while at times they would be dispersed over hundreds of cubic feet.
Hinde ( 1952) reported that flocks of the Great Tit were well integrated in
the morning but became scattered later in the day. I frequently saw large
mixed flocks containing chickadees and other species of birds separate into
smaller flocks which later would unite again.
FLOCK SIZE
Elock size probably varies with many internal and external factors. It is
possible that such factors as vegetation, temperature, precipitation and wind
affect flock size but the data in this study did not produce such information.
The size of the chickadee flocks did not seem to vary with the time of day.
Based on 70 flocks in which the size was estimated, the flocks were smallest
in the last three hours before sunset. The average chickadee flock for this
time of day was 3.6 birds per flock while the average for flocks observed
throughout the day was 4.1 birds per flock. This corresponds to what Hinde
(1952) found in flocks of the Great Tit. The data on flock size in the Caro-
lina Chickadee is summarized in Table II. In Table II the columns under
Carolina Chickadee include only the number of chickadees present in a flock
regardless of how many other birds were associated with the chickadees. The
columns under "mixed flocks” include Carolina Chickadees and any other spe-
cies that were in an apparent association with the chickadees.
Odum (1942), working with the Black-capped Chickadee, reported the
average number of birds in a flock to be seven or eight individuals. Kluyver
(1961), working with the same species, stated that summer flocks were com-
posed of five to ten birds. Hinde (1952) stated that Great Tits are normally
found in flocks of about a dozen. Pielou (1957) reported the average num-
ber of Tufted Titmice {Pams bicolor) in Michigan to be six birds per flock
during January. Bent (1946) says that the average Tufted Titmouse flock
[VoL. 41, 1970]
28
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
TABLE II
AN ESTIMATE OF FLOCK SIZE FOR THE CAROLINA CHICKADEE
AND FOR MIXED FLOCKS INCLUDING ALL SPECIES PRESENT
Month
Carolina
Chickadee
Mixed
Flocks
Number of
Observations
Average birds
per flock
Number of
Observations
Average birds
per flock
December
13
4
3
6
January
26
4
4
10
February
20
4
4
12
March
11
5
5
10
Totals
70
4.1
16
9.8
includes
two to six birds. Smith (1967)
reported that Black-capped Chickadee
flocks contained six to twelve chickadees. Brewer (1961), working with both
the Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees in Illinois, found the average flock
size for both species to be 3.3 birds per flock. Wallace (1941), working with
the Black-capped Chickadee in Michigan, stated that winter flocks averaged
six to eight individuals and were remarkably constant from day to day in
individual composition.
FLOCK COMPOSITION
Carolina Chickadees were often found in flocks composed of a number of
species. The Tufted Titmouse was found to be the most frequent associate
with chickadee flocks. Titmice were associated with chickadee flocks about
5 5 % of the time. Other species freqcently seen with the chickadees were
White-breasted Nuthatch, Red-breasted Nuthatch {Sitta candensis) ^ Downy
Woodpecker (Dendrocopos puhescens) , Brown Creeper {Certhia familiaris).
Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) and Ruby-crowned Kinglet {Regtf-
lus calendula).
Odum (1942), Kluyver (1961), working with the Black-capped Chicka-
dee, Brewer (1961), working with both the Black-capped and Carolina
Chickadees, and Hinde (1932), working with the Great Tit, reported a similar
list of associates. Butts (1927) stated that Black-capped Chickadees spent
about one-sixth of their time with White-breasted Nuthatches. Bent (1946)
reported Carolina Chickadees, various sparrows and woodpeckers, Carolina
Wrens, goldfinches and juncos feeding with Tufted Titmice.
SUMMARY
Carolina Chickadee flocks apparently are not led by any one bird. The
first bird to move into a new feeding area might be one of the last to leave.
The average rate of movement of Carolina Chickadee flocks was about 1,200
feet per hour. Their movement was not at a uniform rate. The average rate
of movement was greater in the morning. The average number of Carolina
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
29
Chickadee per flock was 4.1 birds. Carolina Chickadees frequently flock with
other species. The Tufted Titmouse was found to be their most frequent as-
sociate.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I wish to thank Dr. J. C. Howell for his valuable suggestions and critical
reading of this manuscript.
LITERATURE CITED
Bent, A. C. 1946. Life Histories of North American Jays, Crows, and Titmice.
U. S. Natl. Mus. Bull., 191: 393-406.
Brewer, R. 1961. Comparative Notes on the Life History of the Carolina
Chickadee. Wilson Bull., 73: 348-373.
Butts, W. K. 1927. The Feeding Range of Certain Birds. Auk. 44: 329-3 5 0.
Dixon, K. L. 1963. Some Aspects of Social Organization in the Carolina
Chickadee Proc. XIII Intern. Ornithol. Congr., 1: 240-25 8.
— — — . 1965. Dominance-Subordination Relationships in Mountain
Chickadees. Condor. 67: 291-299.
Foster, J. and Christina Godfrey. 195 0. A Study of the British Willow-Tit.
British Birds. 43: 351-361.
Hinde, R. A. 1952. The Behavior of the Great Tit {Parus major) and some
other Related Species. Leiden: E. J. Brill, X -j- 201 p.
Kluyver, H. N. 1961. Food Consumption in Relation to Habitat in Breeding
Chickadees. Auk. 78: 5 32-550.
Lawrence, Louise De K. 195 8. On Regional Movements and Body Weight of
Black-capped Chickadees in Winter. Auk. 75: 415-443.
Odum, E. P. 1942. Annual Cycle of the Black-capped Chickadee — 3. Auk.
59: 499-531.
Pielou, W. P. 1957. Life-History Study of the Tufted Titmouse, (Parus bi-
color) Linnaeus. Ph.D. Thesis. Mich. State Univ. (L. C. Card No. Mic.
59-2645) 76 p. Univ. Microfilms. Ann Arbor, Mich. (Dissertation Abstr.
20; 1107).
Smith, Susan M. 1967. Seasonal Changes in the Survival of the Black-capped
Chickadee. Condor. 69: 344-3 59.
Wallace, G. J. 1941. Winter Stcdies of Color-Banded Chickadees. Bird-Band-
ing 12: 49-67.
Wallace, G. O. 1967. Winter Feeding Habits of the Carolina Chickadee. Mi-
grant. 38: 81-85.
Department of Zoology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennes-
see, 14 October 1969.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
30
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGE FOR TOS
In this first presidential message since our Annual Spring meeting at Reel-
foot Lake, I would like to express the appreciation of the Society to the mem-
bers of the Memphis Host Chapter who worked so hard to bring us a very
enjoyable meeting. Several members of our Reelfoot Lake Chapter also helped
especially at the banquet and social hour on the
preceding night.
The Board of Directors’ meeting produced, I
believe, several important decisions which should
be passed on to you at this time. In the first place
our proposed joint meeting with the Kentucky
Ornithological Society on the week-end of 30
April - 1 May 1971 at Mammoth Cave Kentucky
was approved by the Board and is anticipated by
the membership of both societies with considera-
ble enthusiasm. Our Middle Tennessee Vice Presi-
dent, Mr. John Ellis, and the Members of the
Nashville Chapter of the TOS will work with the
Kentucky Ornithological Society in the arrange-
ment for this meeting.
For the first time in several years, we look
forward to a fall meeting of our Society, which will be held at the Holiday
Hills Resort in Crossville, Tennessee on the week-end of 10' October 1970.
For those who can spend the week-end there, we invite you to come on Fri-
day night and stay until Sunday noon. If your time is more limited, plan to
arrive by noon on Saturday in time for lunch and a brief Board of Directors
meeting immediately followed by interesting papers on the subject of ornithol-
ogy during the afternoon and an evening program related to conservation ac-
tivities going on at the present time within our state. Informal field trips will
be available for those who may wish to attend on Saturday morning and Sun-
day morning and the earliest hint of fall color should be upon the beautiful
foliage of the Cumberland Plateau. You should make your reservations direct-
ly with Holiday Hills Resort as soon as you plan to attend.
Our Board of Directors has voted to participate as an organization in the
Tennessee Environmental Council. This newly formed coalition of organiza-
tions throughout our state interested in the preservation of a quality environ-
ment and in pollution control is seeking a wide variety of participation from
groups of many interests, and I feel that this action is significant in the fu-
ture of our organization. A report on the progress of this environmental coun-
cil will be given at the fall meeting in Crossville.
The Committee on self-study and future plans continues to function as
a source of ideas for the benefit of our society and I am happy that some of
these have been translated into constructive action.
In closing this message, let me urge each of you who is capable of doing
so to get out into the field, make observations of value in the study of birds,
and report your findings in articles to the Migrant.
I look forward to seeing as many of you as possible in Crossville, on
10 October.
George R. Mayfield, Jr. President
rVoL. 41, 19701
1970
THE MIGRANT
31
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ANNUAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MEETING
9 May 1970
The 5 5 th Annual Meetings of the Board of Directors of the Tennessee
Ornithological Society was held at 14:00 on 9 May, 1970 at the Ellington
Center at Reelfoot State Park.
The meeting was called to order by the Chairman, Dr. George R. May-
field, Jr. with 32 members present in fact and two by proxy.
Mr. Ganier moved to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the
meeting of May 1969, since they had been printed in the Migrant. The motion
was approved.
The Treasurers Report was presented by Mr. Ken Dubke, the summary
of which follows:
Balance on hand 3 May, 1969 $1818.51
Income for the year 2341.44
Total 4159.95
Disbursements during year 1990.11
Balance on hand 2165.84
Endowment Fund — 346.482 shares of M.I.T. at $12.69 or 4396.86. The
Treasurer’s report was approved by the Board.
Report of Finance Committee: Mr. Miser Richmond for the Finance Com-
mittee reported that the audit was correct. Dr. Mayfield reappointed the same
finance committee for the ensuing year.
Report of the Editor: Dr. Herndon first reported on the new cover for
the Migrant and discussed the depletion of the Editorial Staff. Mr. Wallace
Coffey is no longer on the Staff and Charles Smith is going away to school.
There was considerable discussion of the role of the Editor in accepting or re-
jecting certain unusual records of birds listed in state counts. The Board of
Directors reaffirmed the policy stated on the inside of the back cover of the
Migrant requiring detailed verification of such unusual bird records and re-
affirmed the Editor’s right and duty to reject any such records which in his
judgment were not adequately verified. There was a discussion of publication
of a membership list which is ordinarily done every third year. The Board
voted to publish this list separately from the Migrant but to include it in the
mailing of the Migrant. The species index is to be continued as a part of
the format of the Migrant. There was discussion of the publication of the
Christmas and Spring counts in the Migrant. Some members including Mr.
Ganier favored deleting the Spring count, but the Board did not take any
action on this matter at this time. Mr. Ganier moved that the President, Dr.
Mayfield, appoint an editorial advisory board which would furnish advice and
assistance to the Editor upon request. This motion was passed and Dr. May-
field appointed Mr. Ben Coffey, Mr. Ken Dubke, Mr. Bill Senter, Mrs. Kather-
ine Goodpasture, and Mrs. Maxie Swindell to this board, with Mr. Coffey to
serve as Chairman. Dr. Herndon requested that a new Editor-Elect be desig-
[VOL. 41, 1970]
32
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
nated as soon as practicable so that this person might begin to learn the duties
of Editor prior to the end of his term in May 1971. Dr. Mayfield requested
the Nominating Committee to act on this matter and report to the Board of
Directors at the Fall meeting 1970 for their approval.
Report of the Cit^rator: Mr. Ganier discussed his private collection and
renewed his invitation for individuals to study his bird skins and to avail
themselves to back issues of the Migrant.
Report of the N ominating Committee: The Nominating Committee, con-
sisting of Dr. Herndon, Mr. John Ellis, and Mrs. Edward Carpenter reported
the nomination of Dr. James Tanner as President-Elect. Dr. Mayfield reap-
pointed the Nominating Committee.
Committee on Self Study and Future Plans: The Chairman, Mr. Wallace
Coffey, reported that two meetings had been held, one at the Fall symposium
in Cleveland and on 8 May, 1970, at Reelf oot. He stated that most of the
members had been able to attend both meetings. He turned the meeting over
to Dr. Mayfield to lead a discussion of matters brought bfore the Committee.
Dr. Mayfield called on Mr. John Ellis who had visited the annual Kentucky
Ornithological Society Meeting recently as the official representative of our
Society. He stated that the KOS wanted to have a meeting jointly with the
TOS on the week-end of 30 April, 1971 at Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. The
Board of Directors voted favorably upon this proposal and directed M,r. Ellis
and our Nashville Chapter to work with the KOS on the arrangements for
this meeting.
A discussion of a Fall meeting for 1970, primarily for the presentation of
scientific papers and for an additional meeting of the Board of Directors, fol-
lowed. A motion to proceed with such a Fall meeting was made by Mr. Ganier
and was passed. Wallace Coffey, Ken Dubke, and Dr. Mayfield agreed to act
as a Committee on initial arrangements. Crossville, Tennessee was designated
as the most likely site for this meeting.
Plans for a foray in June 1971 in the Mountains West of Oak Ridge were
mentioned and Fred Alsop was designated as Chairman of this event.
There followed a discussion of the desirability and possible ways in which
information on meetings and forays could be sent out to all members at an
early date and this matter is still being explored by the Committee.
New Business: Dr. Mayfield reported that he had been informally attend-
ing meetings of the newly formed Tennessee Environmental Council. He
briefly explained the purpose of this organization and the provisions of its
constitution. He recommended that the TOS participate as one of the member
organizations of this council and such action was voted and passed by the
Board of Directors.
There was a general roll call of representatives of the various chapters, and
each chapter presented a brief discussion of its membership and activities for
the past year. The present status of the Kentucky Lake Chapter and the
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
33
Reelfoot Chapters was discussed briefly and these were to be further investi-
gated prior to the Fall meeting. The new Murfreesboro Chapter represented
by Mr. Larry McFarlin was particularly welcomed by the Board.
There being no further business, the meeting adjourned at 16:00.
Daniel Gray, Jr., Secretary
RESOLUTIONS
Whereas, the Tennessee Ornithological Society, assembled for its 5 5 th an-
nual meeting May 8, 9, and 10, 1970 at Reelfoot Lake, recognizes a debt of
gratitude to those who unselfishly gave of themselves to contribute to the
success of the meeting; therefore.
Be it resolved. That the Society here express its sincere appreciation to
its host, the Memphis Chapter, and to
Mrs. Ed Carpenter, vice-president from West Tennessee, and her commit-
tee for planning and arranging the meeting, and to
The members from the Reelfoot area for the open house and the decora-
tions: Mrs. Betty Surma, Mrs. John Lamb, Mrs. Cecilia Hudson, Mrs- William
Moody, Mrs. Frank Markham, and to
Mr. Ralph Burrus, Superintendent of Reelfoot State Park, and Mrs. Ralph
Burrus for their generous assistance, and to
Mrs. Arlo I. Smith, Chairman, Miss Mary Davant, and Mrs. Henry Dinkel-
spiel, committee for registration, and to
Mrs. Robert W. McGowan for art work, and to
Mrs. Ben B. Coffey, Jr. and Mr. Henry Dinkelspiel for arranging the dis-
play of pictures graciously loaned by Mrs. Thase Daniel, Dr. Carroll Turner,
and Mr. Henry E. Parmer, and to
Mr. Ben B. Coffey, Jr., Chairman, Dr. and Mrs. Arlo I. Smith, Mr. Ken
Leggett, and Mr. John DeLime, hike committee, and to Mr. and Mrs. Ben B.
Coffey, Jr. for the Saturday night program.
Respectfully submitted, Kirby Stringer, Lois Herndon, Frances Abernathy.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
34
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
THE 1970 SPRING FIELD DAYS
Counts were submitted from eleven locations across the state. Information
on each of the individual counts, working from west to east across the state,
will be found in the paragraphs below.
MEMPHIS — 6 May 1970; Shelby Forest and, enroute, two parks. Lake-
view, Miss.-Tenn.; weather fair. The Sora and bulk of the Dickcissels were in
Mississippi.
Mr. ad Mrs. Ben B. Coffey (compilers).
REELFOOT LAKE — -8, 9, 10 May 1970; Reelfoot Lake area, Obion Co.
and Lake Co.
Ben B. Coffey (compiler).
SAVANNAH — Noon 7 May to noon 8 May; Olive Hill to Savannah to
Pickwick Lake; Clear; little wind; temperature 60-80°. Four observers in one
party.
David (compiler), Gloria, Mike and Paul Patterson.
COLUMBIA — 1 and 2 May 1970; partly cloudy with rain showers; tem-
perature 5 5-85°. Six observers.
Daniel Gray, Jr., George Mayfield, Jr. (compiler), Mark Mayfield, Rad
Mayfield, Delton Porter, Paul Porter.
NASHVILLE — 2 5 April 1970; from dawn to dark, but rain at noon actu-
ally resulted in a half day count; area about the same as the Christmas Count,
plus Buena Vista Marsh, Bush Lake, and a small part of Old Hickory Lake.
Nine parties with 3 5 observers.
Clyde and Vivian Anderson (compilers), Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Bunting,
Ruth Castles, Mrs. Charles L. Cornelius, Annella Creech, Milbrey Dugger,
Roy Elliott, John and Evelyn Ellis, Erline Elmore, Clara Fentress, Albert
Ganier, Katherine Goodpasture, Ben Groce, John and Martha Herbert, Mrs.
A. B. Herron, Helen Hodgson, Louise Jackson, Mrs. J. C. Lorance, Harry
Monk, Fanny Murphy, Anne Nichols, Henry Parmer, Mr. and Mrs. Oscar
Patrick, John, Heather, and Natasha Riggins, Lawrence Trabue, George
Woodring, Virginia Workman.
LEBANON — Noon 24 April to noon 2 5 April, 1970; moderate rains and
overcast; temperatures 70-50-76°. Area covered the same as in previous years,
Wilson Co. including homes, Boxwell Boy Scout Reservation, Old Hickory
Game and Wildlife Experimental Feeding Station, Laguardo, Baird’s Mill, Shop
Springs, Gladeville, and Lebanon (cultivated fields — 50%, deciduous woods
and hills — 30%, bottom land — 5%, bogs and marsh — 5%, yards and road-
side—10%).
Rev. William Senter (compiler) , Rev. Jim Martin, James Martin, Dr. and
Mrs. R. D. Wilkinson, Dr. and Mrs. M. S. Howard, Mr. and Mrs. Clay Couch,
Mr. and Mrs. Dixon Merritt, Mrs. Henry Waters, Mrs. Clyde Sellars, Dan
Denny, Bill McCrary, Phillip Williams, Mrs. William Welty, Mr. Neil Welty,
Dr. and Mrs. L. McFarland, Mrs. Sam Gilreath, Mrs. Alyne Eastes, Mrs. Glenn
B. Burchett, Mrs. Frank Bloodworth, Mrs. George R. Bouton, Mrs. Carter M.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
35
Farris, Mrs. Gould Smith, Mrs. Emmett Gaston, Mr. Willie Taylor, Mrs. Louise
Chambers, Miss Mary Wharton, Bill Sellars, Mr. and Mrs. Byron S. Paul, Mr.
Bob Mason, Dr. and Mrs. James Leathers, Dr. S. A. Berry, Mrs. Winstetad
Bone, Jr., Mrs. William Bouton, Mrs. Ed Kass, Mrs. Roy Lawrence, Mrs. Ray
Clark, Mrs. Gordon White, Mrs. Jess Crawford, Mr. and Mrs. Porter Taylor,
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Turner, Mrs. William Smith.
COOKEVILLE — 2 M,ay 1970; 06:00 to 18:00. Areas included were within
15 -mile diameter circle of the town. Yard and garden space, open country —
field and woods, city lake area, were represented in the count. The day was
cloudy; temperature 5 5-65°.
Miss Beulah Clark, Mr. C. H. Clark, Miss Jo Ann Clark, Mr. Roy T.
Hinds, Dr. Paul L. Hollister, Mrs. Amy Johnson, Mrs. E. B. Knight, Mrs. An-
nice Moore, Mr. Ray Jordan, Mr. Miser R. Richmond, Mr. Roy H. Sullivan,
Mrs. Thelma Tinnon, Mr. F. R. Toline, Miss Marie White (compiler).
CHATTANOOGA — 3 May 1970; Parts of Christmas Count area plus
other areas to the north on Chickamauga Lake. The day was completely over-
cast and dark with rain showers at intervals throughout the day. Tempera-
ture range, 52-60°.
Frances Barnwell, Jon DeVore, Roberta Doub, Mike Lilly, Mary Lou and
Howard Meadors, Lillian Richards, Veta and Henry Sliger, Roger Swanson,
Mary Tunsberg, Jack and Mark Wagner, Harvie B. Wilkinson, Gene West,
Adele West (compiler).
KNOXVILLE — 26 April 1970; selected areas from all of Knox County
were included in the count, as in previous years. Rain fell most of the morn-
ing, cloudy and cool during afternoon; temperature 62-69°. Thirty observers.
The Greater Scaup were seen by Fred Alsop, and James M. Campbell; the
Barn Owl by Alsop; the Forster’s Tern by J. C. Howell; and the Evening
Grosbeak by John Elson.
J. B. Owen (compiler).
KINGSPORT — 2 May 1970; same area covered as in 1969; 07:00 to
22:00; weather overcast; temperature warm.
Lillius Adams, Marie Brown, Tom Finucane (compiler). Bill Hincke,
Martin King, Arthur Smith, Ann Switzer, Jonathan Wert.
ELIZABETHTON — 2 May, 18:00, to 3 May, 18:00, 1970. Most of Carter
County was included on the count, along with adjacent parts of Sullivan,
Unicoi and Washington Counties, to include Boone, Patrick Henry, Watauga,
and Wilbur Lakes, and Lake Phillip Nelson, Roane Mountain, and the Erwin
National Fish Hatchery. The weather was clear to partly cloudy with rain
during the afternoon of 3 May. Temperatures ranged from 5 8 to 68° F. during
the count period.
Mr. and Mrs. Fred W. Behrend, Bill Bridgforth, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Brown-
ing, Mrs. Kenneth Bryan, Mrs. Harold Dillenbeck, Mrs. George N. Dove,
Glenn Eller, Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Hardin, Dr. and Mrs. Lee R. Herndon, Ralph
Keffer, Ralph Kiser, Roby D. M,ay, Dr. and Mrs. Milton Parker, Pete Range,
Mrs. J. M. Sams, Charles R. Smith (compiler) Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Swindell,
Bill Yambert.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
36
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
ANNUAL SPRING FIELD DAYS, 1970
Common Loon
P.-Bl. Grebe
Gr. Blue Heron
Green Heron
L. Blue Heron
1
1
21
Common Egret -- 3 -- -- 1
Snowy Egret -- 1
Cattle Egret -- 7
Bl.-cr. N. Heron -- -- -- -- 15 2
Yl.-cr. N. Heron -- 1 -- 1
Least Bittern -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2
American Bittern -- -- -- -- i i i
Canada Goose -- -- -- -- -- 36
Mallard 5 10 1 5 3 100 -- -- 12 9 1
Black Duck -- -- -- -- -- 2
Gadwall -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1
Bl. -winged Teal -- 4 2 29 6 102 — 7 10
Shoveler -- -- -- 2
Wood Duck 3 32 1 2 11 36 -- 7 8 5 19
Redhead -- — 2 -- -- 3 1
R. -necked Duck -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 15
Greater Scaup — -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 10
Lesser Scaup -- 14 -- 40 17
Common Goldeneye -- -- -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- -- 1
Bufflehead -- -- -- -- 4 — -- -- -- -- 18
Hooded Merganser
Red-br. Merganser
Turkey Vulture
Black Vulture
Mississippi Kite
Cooper's Hawk
Rd. -tailed Hawk
Rd.-shld. Hawk
Br. -winged Hawk
Marsh Hawk
Osprey
Sparrow Hawk
Ruffed Grouse
Bobwhite
Turkey
King Rail
Virginia Rail
Sora
Purple Gallinule
American Coot
Semipal. Plover
Killdeer
Amer. Woodcock
Common Snipe
Spotted Sandpiper
2
—
- -
2
7
--
8
6
4
34
32
2
1
8
4
1
--
5
--
4
13
5
__
—
__
2
— .
1
3
2
__
1
1
--
--
1
2
5
4
3
--
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
--
1
--
1
2
2
8
__
2
7
2
4
1
--
—
2
--
6
2
2
--
1
—
8
13
11
--
1
4
1
1
2
--
33
12
15
29
86
70
28
66
84
20
53
2
6
2
1
__
__
—
--
__
1
4
1
2
1
1
7
1
>_
1
--
--
8
18
3
45
73
22
4
4
—
4
__
14
5
20
3
8
24
14
4
16
28
4
11
--
--
1
2
2
4
1
1
--
__
--
27
--
6
19
5
__
--
12
1
5
1
--
1
9
13
6
23
Solitary Sandpiper 2 4 2 i ______ 14 26 1 7
Willet 1
Greater Yellowlegs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --23 1 5
Lesser Yellowlegs -- -- 4 -- 1 -- --23 3 3 14
Pectoral Sandpiper 1 2 -- --
Least Sandpiper -- 4 -- 4 -- -- -- -- 1
Herring Gull - -- 1
Rng. -billed Gull 2 -- -- 3 10
Bonapartes Gull -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1
Forster's Tern -- 8 -- -- — -- — -- 12
Common Tern -- 2 -- 1
Black Tern -- 1
Mourning Dove 41 70 43 39 84 120 87 113 179 28 59
Yl. -billed Cuckoo -- 8 12 1 6 -- 2 5 9 2 3
Bl, -billed Cuckoo -- i -- i 1 i 5
1970
THE MIGRANT
37
V)
4J
o
ttf
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d
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O
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c
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03
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03
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03
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U
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Barn Owl
--
--
1
1
Screech Owl
--
--
--
1
1
1
--
1
1
1
3
Gr. Horned Owl
--
--
--
1
--
2
--
--
1
--
--
Barred Owl
--
6
1
5
1
Chuck-wills -widow
3
--
3
2
2
2
3
--
7
--
1
Whip-poor-will
__
__
10
6
1
4
2
1
1
1
8
Common Nighthawk
2
20
2
2
1
3
1
--
4
5
4
Chimney Swift
8
50
21
45
288
83
39
60
247
23
249
R.-thr. Hummingbird
1
28
1
3
--
6
2
1
4
1
4
Belted Kingfisher
--
2
5
5
13
8
1
4
6
2
9
Yl.-sh. Flicker
8
12
3
5
33
10
16
27
47
11
56
Pileated Woodpecker
8
8
10
5
26
5
4
3
16
4
7
Red-bell. Woodpecker
13
30
13
21
56
16
14
9
29
5
3
Red-head, Woodpecker
6
11
--
3
10
1
9
5
7
2
--
Yl.-bell. Sapsucker
2
1
--
--
1
Hairy Woodpecker
4
5
2
4
10
2
4
4
3
Downy Woodpecker
5
24
5
20
46
16
5
7
25
3
19
Eastern Kingbird
40
32
17
28
22
23
14
7
40
2
13
Grt. Cr. Flycatcher
25
35
24
25
19
5
16
12
15
4
4
Eastern Phoebe
--
7
7
6
11
6
5
7
21
2
29
Acadian Flycatcher
18
18
10
6
8
1
__
4
5
4
Least Flycatcher
--
1
--
--
--
1
9
E. Wood Pewee
18
43
10
17
13
4
13
15
4
8
20
01. -sd. Flycatcher
1
--
--
--
Horned Lark
1
30
--
6
--
--
2
2
6
--
3
Tree Swallow
50
2
11
10
1
26
Bank Swallow
__
15
--
5
--
2
--
--
6
--
--
R. -winged Swallow
2
17
7
33
13
3
--
19
45
5
109
Barn Swallow
8
120
45
76
164
144
86
70
193
19
166
Cliff Swallow
--
1
60
—
39
8
—
115
4
--
3
Purple Martin
5
100
24
8
97
30
5
173
155
18
62
Blue Jay
22
24
41
38
276
241
73
125
276
52
127
Common Raven
4
Common Crow
5
60
14
49
68
105
52
57
187
26
106
Fish Crow
4
8
Carolina Chickadee
20
60
10
25
89
29
7
40
107
24
38
Tufted Titmouse
38
46
16
44
105
40
16
43
86
39
49
Wh.-br. Nuthatch
__
2
--
2
4
--
4
--
1
2
2
Rd.-br. Nuthatch
__
--
1
2
--
4
--
2
6
23
Brown Creeper
1
House Wren
4
1
8
2
16
Winter Wren
5
Bewicks Wren
--
--
4
1
4
1
--
3
--
Carolina Wren
58
60
15
13
36
7
22
31
101
7
31
L.-bl. Marsh Wren
--
4
S . -bl . Marsh Wren
1
1
__
Mockingbird
44
23
9
35
182
169
17
111
214
22
77
Catbird
10
16
8
11
25
13
28
22
17
5
95
Brown Thrasher
15
22
6
27
52
110
42
42
91
11
55
Robin
33
27
22
26
230
112
89
83
488
44
210
Wood Thrush
34
30
15
23
26
6
19
49
56
14
76
Swainson's Thrush
9
14
3
11
6
--
--
__
7
1
--
Gr. -cheeked Thrush
2
11
3
1
1
Veery
__
12
__
9
1
--
--
--
5
--
5
Eastern Bluebird
5
20
5
15
77
51
27
26
52
12
21
Bl.-gr. Gnatcatcher
28
90
20
56
69
3
__
5
34
10
8
R.-cr. Kinglet
--
3
--
__
2
1
--
1
13
2
1
Cedar Waxwing
2
2
--
--
--
4
1
38
78
--
1
Log,-hd. Shrike
3
16
3
16
16
7
5
3
--
--
3
Starling
160
96
30
72
385
507
131
751
797
62
433
White-ey. Vireo
24
56
34
14
70
__
8
4
29
10
15
Yl.-thr. Vireo
4
12
2
3
15
—
6
--
10
2
--
Solitary Vireo
5
Red-eyed Vireo
15
40
19
23
52
1
14
37
129
24
48
Phildelphia Vireo
--
1
1
Warbling Vireo
1
25
1
3
__
__
1
4
Bl. & W. Warbler
--
16
17
2
11
--
8
24
7
12
Prothonotary Warbler
18
40
16
8
28
2
--
--
2
--
--
Swainson's Warbler
1
5
Worm-eating Warbler
--
2
13
2
4
--
1
8
1
2
38
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
C
CO O
W
o
x:
CO
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a
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o
o
c
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o
QJ
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6
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P
o
X
m
X
a>
o
x:
X
o
c
bO
C
cn
o
S
hJ
CJ
o
W
Gl. -winged Warbler
--
--
2
1
--
9
--
3
Bl. -winged Warbler
--
--
5
4
29
--
--
6
--
--
Tennessee Warbler
135
90
11
30
28
--
9
13
3
Nashville Warbler
--
10
1
1
3
1
--
--
4
--
--
Parula Warbler
9
40
__
4
6
--
--
--
2
4
3
Yellow Warbler
__
21
2
16
31
__
5
5
41
5
52
Magnolia Warbler
--
15
1
--
1
--
1
4
--
--
--
Cape May Warbler
--
3
--
1
--
--
--
6
5
1
15
Bl.-thr. B. Warbler
2
9
Myrtle Warbler
--
11
--
8
79
51
6
27
223
7
4
Bl.-thr. G. Warbler
3
12
4
4
1
__
__
26
2
2
Cerulean Warbler
14
13
8
10
6
--
--
--
16
2
__
Blackburnian Warbler
--
21
--
--
1
--
__
2
16
5
--
Yl.-thr. Warbler
4
10
--
3
9
--
2
--
2
7
--
Chest. -sid. Warbler
4
10
1
3
2
--
--
5
10
--
32
Bay-br. Warbler
__
10
1
5
2
__
1
1
5
Blackpoll Warbler
4
80
1
4
30
--
4
12
25
--
9
Pine Warbler
--
--
3
1
2
__
--
Prairie Warbler
--
1
8
11
37
9
__
6
33
3
3
Palm Warbler
--
2
--
10
28
20
--
2
17
--
--
Ovenbird
1
7
4
8
2
2
__
3
27
18
29
North. Waterthrush
4
7
--
3
--
2
4
La. Waterthrush
--
2
7
10
14
__
1
7
3
11
18
Kentucky Warbler
21
27
8
17
28
--
4
6
13
11
8
Connecticut Warbler
--
1
"
Mourning Warbler
__
1
Yellowthroat
24
72
43
18
48
11
9
29
69
6
43
Yel.-br. Chat
28
40
31
14
41
--
8
17
16
11
28
Hooded Warbler
7
3
3
2
14
--
--
4
5
9
8
Wilson's Warbler
--
3
2
Canada Warbler
__
1
__
1
__
1
2
■1
3
American Redstart
33
36
4
3
4
--
--
1
6
4
2
House Sparrow
150
COM.
18
120
87
102
58
150
138
34
168
Bobolink
19
170
50
200
22
--
4
East. Meadowlark
61
88
18
106
277
201
128
104
322
40
144
Redwing. Blackbird
110
450
69
212
153
109
41
180
592
16
100
Orchard Oriole
51
38
12
30
66
17
4
7
29
3
8
Baltimore Oriole
27
53
1
4
22
2
2
3
2
1
7
Rusty Blackbird
4
20
2
Brewer's Blackbird
25
Common Crackle
140
150
49
445
778
519
152
303
1029
86
365
Br.-hd. Cowbird
66
200
24
65
94
77
42
43
185
13
56
Scarlet Tanager
3
6
8
8
29
2
1
11
17
9
11
Summer Tanager
33
25
14
19
54
27
15
19
28
5
6
Cardinal
145
90
52
46
265
276
78
136
407
68
167
Rose.-br. Grosbeak
1
23
1
6
16
__
3
20
28
3
33
Blue Grosbeak
--
--
9
2
8
1
2
4
6
--
Indigo Bunting
120
260
80
70
92
12
27
66
51
27
36
Dickcissel
612
170
116
30
2
__
1
--
--
3
Evening Grosbeak
15
--
2
1
--
25
Purple Finch
12
47
1
__
17
--
2
Pine Siskin
--
15
10
--
70
57
--
120
202
6
328
Amer. Goldfinch
6
53
10
18
396
148
75
8
130
27
161
Ru. -sided Towhee
19
4
22
41
120
66
30
61
208
40
134
Savannah Sparrow
1
2
8
6
2
6
4
4
11
--
--
Grasshopper Sparrow
4
__
14
21
5
--
3
Vesper Sparrow
2
Lark Sparrow
--
2
--
--
--
2
SI. -col. Junco
2
1
22
Chipping Sparrow
1
5
7
14
71
8
9
15
43
7
53
Field Sparrow
1
30
13
43
93
49
11
50
119
15
39
Wh.-cr. Sparrow
2
12
3
4
--
28
--
--
42
4
17
Wh.-thr. Sparrow
5
5
3
41
135
17
9
19
198
27
30
Lincoln's Sparrow
--
2
1
2
1
--
--
1
--
--
--
Swamp Sparrow
--
3
2
--
8
4
--
4
3
--
1
Song Sparrow
--
1
7
. 37
119
21
100
TOTAL SPECIES (201)
91
142
115
131
133
98
86
116
141
103
127
1970
THE MIGRANT
39
ROUND TABLE NOTE
NORTHERN PHALAROPE IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
NATIONAL PARK. — ^^On Wednesday, 20 August 1969, Park Naturalist
Richard Zani and I turned off on the short gravel road which leads to the
Cades Cove sewage lagoons. We had spent a rather uneventful morning
looking at birds in Cades Cove and this was to be our final stop. It was
10:30 (EDT), the temperature was about 80®F, and the sun was shining to
our backs through scattered clouds. Standing on a drainage pipe connecting
the two lagoons was a Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitana) and swimming
on the upper (eastern-most) lagoon was a small, whitish, buoyant bird that
could be nothing else but a phalarope. Since the bird was in winter plumage
the initial problem was to ascertain which of the three species of phalaropes
this individual represented.
We approached cautiously at first, but the bird proved quite confiding.
It was quite easily approached and sometimes it swam to within twenty
feet of us as we stood on the bank of the lagoon observing it. Both Dick
and I used 7x3 5 binoculars. All field marks were called out and written
down as we had only a copy of Peterson’s A Field Guide to the Birds (1947)
with us and wished to check other references later.
The following characteristics were noted: mandibles black and about the
length of the head; crown, slaty-gray to blackish; nape, white with slate
gray median stripe extending from crown to back; iris, very dark brown;
black "phalarope-patch” through eye; rest of the head, the neck, and
underparts white; upperparts and tail dark gray, most dorsal feathers mar-
gined with light edges producing whitish stripes on the back; wings, dark
gray; legs and feet, blackish. There was a light streak of cinnamon wash
extending down the left side of the neck from the posterior end of the eye
mark. It was much smaller and very indistinct on the right side of the
neck. Chapman (1939) marks this trace of rufous as an occasional char-
acteristic seen on adult birds in the winter plumage.
By clapping my hands I was able to get the bird to raise and momentarily
hold its wings over its back. In this position a white wing strip was clearly
visible contrasted against the dark wing.
The bird was clearly a Northern Phalarope {Fhalaropus lohatus) . This
constitutes the first record of this species for the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park (Arthur Stupka, personal contract) and the third record for
Tennessee.
I observed the bird on four different occassions during the day: the
initial observation from 10:30-11:10 during which time the identification
was made; from 14:00-14:30 when I made color photographs to confirm
the identification; again from 15:30-16:05 in the company of Bill and Irene
Williams using a 15-60x60 zoom spotting scope; and finally at 18:2 5.
On all occasions the bird’s behavior was essentially the same. It was
very tame and easily approached. It was always on the water where it
gave an appearance of being very busy and purposeful. It swam lightly
on the water, rather rapidly, and with frequent changes in course in a
zigzag manner or in slow circles. It often pecked at the water’s surface
[VoL. 40, 1969]
40
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
as it fed on aquatic organisms. The head was held high and carried with
a nodding much like that of an American Coot (Fulica americanu) as it
swam.
Once the bird was observed bathing on the water. This consisted of
water being tossed over the body by ducking the head or fluttering the
wings between short periods of preening. And once when pressed too closely
the bird flew about 8 feet only to settle lightly onto the lagoon once more.
One other aspect of the phalarope’s behavior is worthy of note. Two Com-
mon Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) flew over the area at a height of
approximately 80i feet. As they approached the phalarope, which had been
actively feeding, assumed a "crouching” position with the head and neck
extended forward, low and parallel with the water. The bird remained
motionless in this position for some seconds until the crows had passed
over and flown on, after which it resumed its feeding.
During all observations the bird seemed normal and healthy.
The bird was not present on the lagoons the following day, nor was
it seen thereafter.
How a Northern Phalarope could stray to the mountains of East Ten-
nessee is a matter of speculation, but it is of interest to note that hurricane
Camille hit the Gulf Coast on 17 August 1969 three days prior to the
sighting.
Other members of the Knoxville Chapter T.O.S. that observed the bird
on 20 August 1969 were: Mrs. E. E. Overton, Mr. and Mrs. James M.
Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Louis F. Smith, and Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Owen.
The Solitary Sandpiper seen with the phalarope on 20 August is the
earliest fall record for the species in the Park. It beats the previous earliest
date by three days (Stupka, 1963).
Literature Cited
Chapman, F. M. 1939. Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America.
1966. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.
Peterson, R. T. 1934. A Field Guide to the Birds. Houghton Mifflin Co.
Boston.
Stupka, A. 1963. Notes on the Birds of Great Smoky Mountains National
Park. The Univevrsity of Tennessee Press.
Fred J. Aesop, III, Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Uni-
versity of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
41
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
Data in the reports which follow are from the months of February, March,
and April. The months of February and March continued the cold and dry
trend established earlier in the winter. The mean departures from the normally
expected monthly average temperatures for February and March for the state
of Tennessee were —4.6° and —2.5°, respectively. Mean departures from the
normally expected average monthly precipitation for February and March were
—1.1 and —1.1, respectively. There were at least two periods of significant
snowfall in February. These occurred on 3-5 February, with up to three
inches accumulation in the eastern mountains, and 9-10 February, with up to
ten inches accumulation in the mountains of northeastern Tennessee. The
greatest period of rainfall occurred during 15-16 February, across the state.
March experienced no significant snowfalls and little heavy rainfall.
The month of April was unusually stormy with heavy precipitation. This
was the wettest April recorded by the Weather Bureau since 1964. Ten tor-
nadoes occurred in the state with most of the storm activity during 19-27
April. Precipitation for April showed a mean departure of -f-3.4 inches from
the expected normal precipitation average for that month for Tennessee. Tem-
peratures were only slightly higher than usual for April, with a mean de-
parture of -|-l-2° from the expected normal average temperature for the state.
The larger waterfowl are well represented by observations in the state for
this report period. Among the more notable observations are the following:
Whistling Swan from the Plateau and Basin Region, Mute Swan from the
Ridge and Valley Region, Barnacle Goose from the Plateau and Basin Region,
White-fronted Goose from both the Plateau and Basin and Ridge and Valley
Regions. Among the raptors, reports of the Rough-legged Hawk from the
Plateau and Basin Region and the Harlan’s Hawk from the Ridge and Valley
are of interest. The Laughing Gull near Nashville is also an interesting obser-
vation. Other noteworthy observations include Sandhill Crane from the Ridge
and Valley, Catbird wintering at Elizabethton, Henslow’s Sparrow from near
Memphis, and Oregon Junco and Snow Bunting from the Plateau and Basin
Region. Details of these and other observations may be found in the reports
which follow.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN REGION— Cormorant— Sparrow: Double-
crested Cormorant (!)’•' Blue-winged Teal ( 5 2 ) ’■' Lesser Scaup (20) Ruddy
Duck (2,400) ’L Bald Eagle (3, immature) American Golden Plover (138) ’L
Greater Yellowlegs (2) . Lesser Yellowlegs (16) ’L Pectoral Sandpiper (127) ’L
[VoL. 41, 1970]
42
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Water Pipit (4) Hensiow’s Sparrow: 1 Mar. (1) Dr. W. L. Whittemore, at
his home, Memphis fide Ben and Lula Coffey, third Memphis area record.
'•'all 5 Apr., Reelfoot Lake, Mike Bierly and Roger O. Harshaw.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN K^GlOn—Loom-Dticks: Common
Loon: 8, 10 Apr. (2) with (1) all Mar., LD (RTH). Horned Grebe: 4 Apr.
(6) BL (JNR) and (4) RL (AT), 9 Apr. (1) RL (SB). Pied-billed Grebe:
21 Feb. (145) WR (ROH, MLB), last NA 2 5 Apr. (4) NA (NC). Great
Blue Heron: 23 M,ar. (42) DRU (JNR, MLB), scarce rest of area. Green
Heron: 4 Apr. (1) BL (JNR), 11 Apr. (1) WB (MCW), 15 Apr. (1) LD
(RTH). Common Egret: 30 Mar. (1) DRU (JNR, MLB) 14 Apr. (1) WB
(FB), first Cannon Cty. record! American Bittern: 28 Mar. (1) WB (FB),
23, 24 Apr. (1) TJ (KAG, CEF). Whistling Swan: 10 Feb. (4) (Carl
Barstow fide MLB) and 6 Mar. (4) (MLB, WmS) both HP. Canada Goose:
9 Feb. (175) WR (KHD), 14 Feb. (100) RL (AT), 28 Feb. (29) RL
(MLB), 1 Mar. (2 50) BS (KAG, MG) all in flight, late were (5), to 24 Apr.
DRU (GNB). Barnacle Goose: 1 Mar. thru 24 Apr. (1) DRU (GNB et al.)
(see Round Table Note) White-fronted Goose: 9 Feb. (1) WR (KHD).
Snow Goose 22 Mar. (1) ACM (ROH, MLB). Blue Goose 28 Feb. wintering
imm. last seen BL (MLB). Mallard: 13 Feb. (75) HP (MLB, WmS), other-
wise scarce. Black Duck: 2 M,ar. (300) HP (MLB), last 22 Mar. (2) ACM
(ROH, MLB). Gadwall: last 31 Mar. (1) RL (MLB). Pintail: 7 Mar. (1)
HP (JHR), 23 Mar. (1) DRU (JNR, MLB) 'L Green-winged Teal: 8 Mar.
(12) HP (JHR), 27 M,ar. (4) ACM (JHR), 30 Mar. (10) DRU (JHR).
Blue-winged Teal: very early (1) 2 Mar. HP (MLB); 30, 31 Mar. (1) LD
(RTH), 2 5 Apr. (6) BV (JHR). American Widgeon: 2 Mar. (300) HP
(MLB), 7 Mar. (60J HP (JHR), 18 Apr. (6) RL (JHR) to (2) RL 21 Apr.
(MLB). Shoveler: 14 Mar. (5) (MLB) thru 19 Apr. (14) (MLB, HCM),
RL'L Wood Duck 3 Feb. to 30 Apr. (2-5) BT (RH), 2 Mar. (2) LD
(RTH), 27 Feb. (2) RL (MLB), 8 Mar. (4) HP (JHR, MLB). Redhead:
21 Feb. (80) WR (MLB, ROH), 8 Mar. (6) HP (JHR), 27 Mar. (55)
ACM (JHR), 4 Apr. (1) RL (AT), (2) BL (JNR). Ring-necked Duck:
scarce in winter, then 2, 7 Mar. (300-|-) HP (JHR, MLB) 20 Mar. (99)
RL (MLB), 11 Apr. (2) WR (HCM, MLB). Canvasback: scarce, 21 Feb.
(7) WR (ROH, MLB), 28 Feb. (2) (JHR) to 20 Mar. (3) (MLB) RL.
Lesser Scaup: scarce until 21 Feb. (227) WR (ROH, MLB), 28 Feb. (40)
to 20 Mar. (227) then down to (3) 28 Apr.; all RL (JHR, AT, MLB). Com-
mon Goldeneye: 28 Feb. (30) RL (JHR, MLB) to 31 Mar. (2) RL (MLB,
AT). Bufflehead: 21 Feb. (116) WR (ROH, MLB), RL with last, 2 5 Apr.
(4) (MCW). Oldsquaw: 24 Mar. (1) (MLB), 4 Apr. (1) (AT), both RL.
White-winged Scoter: 21 Feb. (1) WR (ROH, MLB), 2 5 Feb. (1) RL
(MCW). Ruddy Duck: 23 Mar. (6) DRU (JNR, MLB), 28 Apr. (1) RL
(AT). Hooded Merganser: 9 Feb. (80) WR (KHD), 8 Mar. (6) HP (JHR,
MLB) 24 Mar. (4) (AT), 1 Apr. (2) (MLB) both RL. Red-breasted Mer-
ganser: 21 Mar. (100) DRU (MLB, ROH)'^
Vulhi^res -Kails: Turkey Vulture: first report, 1 Mar. (6) Dickson Cty.
(JHR) and (14) BS (KAG, MG), 22 Mar. migrating flock (80) WB
(MCW). Sharp-shinned Hawk: to early Feb. (1) taking birds at H feeder
BT (RH)'^ Red-tailed Hawk: scarce over area. Broad-winged Hawk: 11 Apr.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
43
(1) BS (KAG, MLB) and (3) RL (JHR), 28 Apr. (5) over H (JHR,
MLB). Rough-legged Hawk: 9 Feb. (1) near Manchester (WmS)'L Golden
Eagle: 27 Feb. (2), 7 Mar. (1), 24 Mar. (2) WB (MGW, FB). Bald Eagle:
9 Feb. (3) BT (DH), 23 Mar. (4) DRU (JNR, MLB. Marsh Hawk: 8 Mar.
(1) HP (JHR), 25 Mar. (2) WR (MLB, JNR), 30 Mar. (1) DRU (JHR).
Osprey: 19 Apr. (1) H (LOT), 20, 25 Apr. (1) LD (RTH), 24 Apr. (1),
2 5 Apr. (2) RL (MCW). Pigeon Hawk: 4, 5 Feb. (1) LB (WmS). Sandhill
Crane: 4 Mar. (104) and (24) BT (RH), 11 Mar. (125) LD (RTH). Sora:
19, 25 Apr. (1) BV (JNR)'L
Sandpipers-Gulh: Woodcock: 24, 27 Feb. (1), 16, 18 Mar. (1) LD
(RTH), 25 Apr. (2) FV (JOE). Common Snipe: 28 Feb. (8) WB (FB),
8 Mar. (1) HP (JHR), 9 Mar. (1), 3 Apr. (1) both, 21 Mar. (19) DRU
(MLB, ROH), 15 Apr. (2), 18 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Spotted Sandpiper:
scarce, 19 Apr. (1) BL (JNR), 23, 2 5 Apr. (2) LD (RTH). Solitary Sand-
piper: 1 Apr. (4) at 3 locations WB (FB), 19 Apr. (2) LD (RTH), 23 Apr.
(1) SHV (KAG). Lesser Yellowlegs: 30 Mar. (2) DRU (JHR), 4, 19, 2 5
Apr. (1) BL (JNR)'L Pectoral Sandpiper: 25 March (20) WB (FB), 30
Mar. (26) DRU (JHR)'^ Avocet: 30 Apr. (3) GSP (PC), gone daylight
next day. No other reports to writer of shorebirds! Ring-billed Gull: con-
tinued below normal NA, 18 Feb. (100) OHL (LOT), last 25 Apr. (2)
OHL (CK). Laughing Gull: 24 Apr. (1) 26 mi. So. Nashville (MLB).
Bonaparte’s Gull: 8 Apr. (1) RL (MLB), 11 Apr. (24) WR (HCM, MLB).
Cuckoos -Swallows: Yellow-billed Cuckoo: late, first report 2 5 Apr. (6)
NA (NC). Great Horned Owl: 1 Mar. (1), 22 Apr. (1) H BT (RH)’^
Barred Owl: 1 Mar. (1), Apr. (1) BT (DH). Whip-poor-will: 13 Apr. (1)
H (MLB), 15 Apr. (2) BT (RH) and (1) LD (RTH). Common Night-
hawk: 20 Apr. (1) BV (MLB) first report, none BT (RH). Chimney Swift:
31 Mar. (1) (MLB) to 6 Apr. (100) (LOT) both RL. Ruby-throated Hum-
mingbird: early, 9 Apr. (1) WB (Kathleen Bratten fide MCW), 11 Apr. (1)
CV (Caprice Haile), 19 Apr. (1) LD (RTH), 21 Apr. (2) OCR (AT).
Red-headed Woodpecker: 1 Feb. (10) BT (RH), 21 Apr. (2) LH (JNR),
25 Apr. (10) A (NC). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: last, 15 Apr. (1) LD
(RTH), 24 Apr. (1) H (HCM). Eastern Kingbird: very early, 3 Apr. (1)
RL (AT), then 20 Apr. (3) LD (RTH). Great Crested Flycatcher: 19 Apr.
(1) LD (RTH), and (1) CP (HCM). Eastern Phoebe: returned to SHV
6 Mar. with (5) (KAG), late RL (2) 21 Mar. (AT). Acadian Flycatcher:
23 Apr. (1) banded TJ (KAG). Eastern Wood Pewee: 2 5 Apr. (1) WSM-
TV (JHR). Horned Lark: 4 Apr. (6) BL (JHR)'L Tree Swallow: first, 29
Mar. (9) RL (JHR). Rough-winged Swallow: 26 Mar. (5) RL (LOT),
few CL (MCW). Barn Swallow: well below normal NA (HEP), first, 23
Mar. (1) DRU (JNR, MLB), 27 Mar. (1) LD (RTH), 22 Mar. (1) RR,
NA (MLB, ROH), 3 Apr. (1) WB (FB). Cliff Swallow: 29 Mar. (1) RL
(JHR) was the first. Purple Martin: still fewer each year; 10 Mar. (1) WB
(MCW), 22 Mar. (10) RL (JHR), 6 Apr. migrating flock (125) RL
(MLB).
Nuthatches-Vireos: Red-Breasted Nuthatch: continued plentiful NA; last,
25 Apr. (1) BLV (HEP). Brown Creeper: last, 7 Apr. (1) H (AT). House
Wren: 19 Apr. (1) H (Mrs. Clyde Anderson). Winter Wren: continued
[VoL. 41, 1970]
44
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
scarce; last, 9 Apr. (1) BS (MLB). Bewick’s Wren: during Feb. (1-2) LD
(RTH), 25 Apr. (5) NA (TOS count). Long-billed Marsh Wren: 26 Apr.
(1) WSM-TV (JHR)^L Catbird: first, 17 Apr. (1) WB (FB), 18 Apr. (2)
NA (JHR, AN), 20 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Wood Thrush: first, 14 Apr.
(1) H (AN), 17 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Swainson’s Thrush: first, 21 Apr.
(1) OCR (AT) Gray-cheeked Thrush: 25 Apr. (1) RL (MCW)'L Blue-gray
Gnatcatcher: very early 22 Mar. (1) H (SB), more normal 10 Apr. (1)
WB (FB). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: last, 26 Apr. (1) WSM-TV (JHR).
White-eyed Vireo: first, 9 Apr. (2) BS (MLB), 11 Apr. (1) LD (RTH).
Yellow- throated Vireo: very early, 5 Apr. (1) dam CHL (MLB, ROH), 9
Apr. (1) BS (KAG). Solitary Vireo: 22 Apr. (2) WSM-TV, (1) LH, both
(JHR). Red-eyed Vireo: 18 Apr. (4) RL (MLB, ROH). Warbling Vireo:
21 Apr. (1) WSM.-TV (JHR).
Warblers: Black-and-white: late, first 9 Apr. (1) BS (KAG). Prothono-
tary: 7 Apr. (1) ACM (CK), 8 Apr. (3) RL (MLB). Worm-eating: 18 Apr.
(1) RL (MLB, ROH). Blue- winged: 12 Apr. (2) H (AT). Tennessee: 20
Apr. (1) H (SB). Nashville: late, 27 Apr. (1) H (MLB). Parula: 9 Apr.
(1) BS (KAG). Yellow: very early, 6 Apr. (1) RL (MCW), 13 Apr. (1)
H WB (FB). Black-throated Green: 11 Apr. (1) Short Mt. (KAG), then
none until 24 Apr. (2) LH (JHR). Cerulean: 18 Apr. (1) WB (FB) and
(1) FR (AN). Blackburnian: 18 Apr. (1) CHL (SB). Yellow-throated: 10
Apr. (2) WB (FB), 11 Apr. (2) RL (JHR). Bay-breasted: first, 24 Apr.
(1) WSM.-TV (JNR). Blackpoll: 24 Apr. (1) LH (JNR). Pine: 19 Apr.
(1) RL (MLB), 28 Apr. (3) CH (KAG). Prairie: 9 Apr. (1) BS (KAG),
15 Apr. (1) WB (FB). Palm. 19 Apr. (1) RL (MLB). Overibird: early, (1)
12 Apr. H (AT). Northern Waterthrush: 23 Apr. (1) banded TJ (KAG).
Louisiana Waterthrush: 14 Mar. (1) RL (MLB). Kentucky: 12 Apr. (1) H
(SB). Yellowthroat: 18 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Yellow-breasted Chat: 19 Apr.
(1) H WB (FB), 21 Apr. (1). OCR (AT). Hooded: 18 Apr. (1) FR (JHR
et. al). Redstart: very early, 9 Apr. (2) BS (KAG).
OriolesSiskins: Orchard Oriole: 13 Apr. (3) WB (FB), 18 Apr. (1)
WSM-TV (MLB), 22 Apr. (2) LD (RTH). Baltimore Oriole: 20 Apr. (1)
HFR (AN), then 24 Apr. (1) WSM,-TV (JNR), 27 Apr. (4) LD (RTH).
Rusty Blackbird: very late were (4) ACM 25 Apr. (AGF et al). Brown-
headed Cowbird: first, 22 Feb. (100) OHL (JHR), then 22 Mar. (150) ONT
(JHR) and (500) SHV (HCM, HEP). Scarlet Tanager: 18 Apr. (1) CHL
(SB), 24 Apr. (1) H (JHR) and (2) LD (RTH). Summer Tanager: 17
Apr. (1) CW (MLB), 18 Apr. (1) H WB (FB), then 20 Apr. (4) LD
(RTH). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: 18 Apr. (3) CHL (SB), 21 Apr. (2) OCR
(AT), 23 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Blue Grosbeak: 22 Apr. (1) H (ABH), 2 5
Apr. (8) NA (NC), 27 Apr. (1) LD (RTH). Indigo Bunting: very early
was (1) 13 Apr. and (2) next day, LD (RTH), then 19 Apr. (1) H (ABH)
and (2) WB (FB), 20 Apr. (1) WSM-TV (JNR). Dickcissel: 25 Apr. (2)
near RL (MCW)'L Evening Grosbeak: 9 Feb. (12) SHV (LF), 28 Mar. (8)
CH (NC), thru period (15) BT (RH) and to (15) during period SHV
(KAG, MG, MLB, JHR). Purple Finch: numerous NA, last 29 Apr. (2)
H (Dorothy Cushman fide AT). Pine Siskin: fairly numerous NA.
Sparrows: Savannah: 6 Mar. (1) HP (MLB) to 26 Apr. (3) SHV
(KAG)’’" except NA. Vesper: 30 Mar. (40) DRU (JHR), 25 Mar. (7) WB
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
45
(FB), last, 2 5 Apr. (2) H (HH). Lark: 11 Apr. (1) Mt. Juliet (Joey
Vaudrey)"' Oregon Junco: (1) continued H (GRM) until 9 Mar., then 1
Mar. (1) H (ARL), and 11 Mar. (1) H (KAG). Tree: (1) H (RE) to 1 5
M,ar., 3 Feb. (1) LB (WmS), few NA during Feb. Chipping: first, 7 Mar.
(1) H (AT), 8 Mar. (1) WB (MCW), 13 Mar. (1) MBP (LOT). Fox:
last, 30 Mar. (1) H (AT). Lincoln’s: 25 Apr. (1) banded TJ (KAG) . Swamp:
last, 2 5 Apr. (3) BV (JHR). Song: late, 20 Apr. (1) RL (MLB). Snow
Bunting: (1) last seen 18 Feb. dam OHL (Erline Elmore).
Locations: ACM, — Ashland City Marsh, BL — Bush Lake, BLV — Bellevue,
BS- — Basin Springs, BT — Byrdstown, BV — Buena Vista Marsh, CH — ^Craggie
Hope, CHL — ^Center Hill Lake, Sligo area, CL — Coleman’s Lake, CP — ^Cen-
tennial Park, CV — ^Cookeville, CW — ^Cheekwood, DRU — Duck River Unit,
Tenn. Nat’l Wildlife Refuge, FR — Franklin Road, GSP — Gallatin Steam
Plant, HP^ — Hunters Point, upper OHL, H-home of observer, LB — Lebanon,
LD — Lilydale, LH — Love Hill, MBP — ^Montgomery Bell Park, NA — Nashville
Area, OHL — Old Hickory Lake, OCR — Otter Creek Road, ONT — Old Nat-
chez Trace, RL^ — Radnor Lake, RR— -River Road, NA, SHV — South Harpeth
Valley, TJ — Two Jays Sanctuary, WB — Woodbury, WR — Woods Reservoir,
WSM-TV — tower area (all reports from there are of uninjured birds ) .
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, FB — Frances Bryson, GNB
— Gary N. Burke, NC — Nashville Chapter, T.O.S., PC — Paul Crawford,
KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke, RE — Roy Elliott, CEF — Charles E. Farrell, LF —
Louis Farrell Jr., MG — Mel Garland, AFG — Albert F. Ganier, KAG — Kather-
ine A. Goodpasture, ROH — Roger O. Harshaw, RH — Robby Hassler, DH —
Dave Hassler, HBH~Mrs. A. B. Herron, RTH— Roy T. Hinds, HH— Helen
Hodgson, CK — Carol Knauth, ARL — Amelia R. Laskey, GRM — the George R.
Millers, CM — Harry C. Monk, AN — Anne Nichols, HEP — Henry E. Parmer,
JNR-JHR — John N. or John and Heather Riggins, WmS — William Senter,
AT — Anne Tarbell, LOT — Lawrence O. Trabue, MCW — Mary C. Wood.
Note — the asterisk (’■') is used to denote records printed which are the
only ones for a species received by the writer.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800i Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY KEGIOL^— Loom-Mergansers: Com-
mon Loon: first, 1 0 Mar. (1) BWP (KD) , max., 4 Apr. (25) NoL ( JCH) ,
last, 27 Apr. (2) WBL (KD, LS) . Double-crested Cormorant: 27 Apr. ( 1 )
WBL (KD, LS) . Common Egret: 7, 14 Feb. (1) PHL (GD, HD) , 27 Apr.
(2) SeV (LS) . Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 26 Apr. (1) AM ( KD ) , 27
Apr. (1) SeV (LS) . Least Bittern: 26 Apr. (2) AM (KD) . American Bit-
tern: 5, 26 Apr. ( 1, 2) AM (KD) . Mute Swan. 2 1 Feb. (1) BL (LRH, et al).
White-fronted Goose: 7 Feb. (2 ) BL (LRH) . Blue Goose: 17 Feb., 2 Mar.
(1) HRA (KD) . Greater Scaup: 10, 17 Feb., (214, 230) CL (KD) , 1 3 Feb.
(6) BL (LRH). White-winged Scoter: 7 Mar. (3) BL (GD, HD, RK, PR).
Common Merganser: 11, 41, 1 8 M,ar., 4 Apr. (3, 7, 7, 20) NoL (JCH) . Red-
breasted Merganser: 24 Mar., 7 Apr. (4, 17) NL, CL (KD) , 18 Apr. ( 1 )
NoL (JCH).
Haivks-Gulls: Cooper’s Hawk: 6 Feb. (1) DL (LS) . Harlan’s Hawk: 19
Mar. (1) AM ( JD) (See The Migrant 40: 8 5-86). Red-shouldered Hawk: 5
[VoL. 41, 1970]
46
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
Apr. (1) K (FA, JCH). Bald Eagle: 13, 15, 20 Feb. (1 adult) HRA (KD),
7, 11, 13 Mar. (2 [adult and imm.], 1, 1) NoL (JCH). Marsh Hawk: regu-
lar through period to 8 Apr. (1-2) HRA (KD, LS). Osprey: first, 31 Mar.
(2) HRA (KD), last week in April (2 nests, one egg and two eggs) WBL
(KD). Sandhill Crane: 2 Mar. (50) HRA (AA). Virginia Rail: 26 Apr. (1)
MB (KD, FW). American Woodcock: 2 8 Feb. (1) JC (GD, HD), 17 Apr.
(1) K (FA). Greater Yellowlegs: first, 31 M,ar. (1) K (BE), 31 Mar. (2)
HRA (KD). Lesser Yellowlegs: first, 31 Mar. (1) K (BE). Pectoral Sand-
piper: first, 30 Mar. (1) K (BE). Least Sandpiper: 2 8 Apr. (1) K (FA,
JMC, GW). Dunlin: max., 31 Mar. (61) SB (KD), last, 7 Apr. (13) SB
(KD). Bonaparte’s Gull: 26 Mar. (1) NoL (JCH), 13 Apr. (37) NL (KD).
Owls-Crossbills: Barn Owl: regular through period (1) HRA (KD), 1
Feb., 3, 8 Mar. (1) JC (PR), 19 Mar. (1) K (FA, JMC) caught in kite
string on tree, 18 Apr. (1) NoL (JCH). Barred Owl: 18 Apr. (1) NoL
(JCH). Rough-winged swallow: first, 19 Mar. (2) HRA (KD), unusually
early. Barn Swallow: first, 24 Mar. (2) NL (KD), unusually early. Bewick’s
Wren: 5 Apr. (1) K (FA, JMC). Solitary Vireo: 28 M.ar. (2) K (JMC), un-
usually early. Orange-crowned Warbler: 16 Apr. (4) K (FA, GW), 18, 19
Apr. (2, 1) K (JMC). Yellow-throated Warbler: 29 Mar. (1) K (JMC),
unusually early. Black-throated Blue Warbler: 21, 23 Apr. (1, 1) K (FA,
JMC). Bay-breasted Warbler: 23 Apr. (1) K (FA, JMC), unusually early.
Dickcissel: 27 Apr. (1) SeV (LS). Evening Grosbeak: regular to 10 Apr. (1
to 20) SeV (LS), 21 Mar. (10) K (JC). Red Crossbill: 23 Feb., 7, 16 Mar.,
21 Apr. (7, 1, 6, 1) JC (HD, PR), 5 Apr. (2) K (FA, JMC), 17 Apr. (2)
K (FA, GW).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, BL — Boone Lake, BWP — -Booker T.
Washington State Park, CL — Chickamauga Lake, DL — Dunlap, JC — Johnson
City, K — Knoxville, MB — Moccasin Bend, NL — Nickajack Lake, NoL, PHL —
Patrick Henry Lake SB — Savannah Bay, SeV — Sequatchie Valley, WBL — ^Watts
Bar Lake.
Observers: AA — ^Arnold Aslinger, FA — Fred Alsop, JMC — James M.
Campbell, JC — James Cooley, GD — Mrs. Geo. Dove, HD — Mrs. Harold Dil-
lenbeck, JD — Jon DeVore, KD — Kenneth H. Dubke, JCH— Joseph C. How-
ell, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, RK — Ralph Keffer, BL — Beth Lacy, PR — 'Peter
Range, LS — Lee Shafer, FW — Frank Ward, GW — ^Gary Wallace.
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN Heron-Eagle: Great Blue Heron: 15
Feb. (2) RC (PR). Canada Goose: 15 Feb. (12) RC (PR). Black Duck: 15
Feb. (15) RC (PR). Gadwall: 15 Feb. (1) RC (PR), 14 Mar. (8) WiL
(FWB). Pintail: 15 Feb. (1) WaL (PR). American Widgeon: 14 Mar. (1)
WiL (FWB). Shoveler: 15 Feb. (1) RC (PR). Wood Duck: throughout
period in small numbers (2-5). Redhead: 1 Feb. (1) WiL (FWB). Ring-
necked Duck: 1 Feb. (30) WiL (FWB) . Canvasback: 15 Feb. (7) RC (PR).
Lesser Scaup: throughout period (2) WiL. Common Goldeneye: 1 Feb. (2)
WiL (LRH). Bufflehead: 1 Feb. (80) WiL (FWB). Hooded Merganser: 20
Mar. (1) WiL (FWB), 7 Apr. (2) WaR (FWB). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 5
Apr. (1) MC (CRS). Red-tailed Hawk: throughout period (1-7) HC (MS).
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
47
Red-shouldered Hawk: 1 Feb. (1) CC (FA, JCH), 5 Apr. (1) LR (FA,
JCH). Golden Eagle: 1 Feb. (1) CC (FA, JA, DH).
Coot-T brasher: American Coot: 14 Mar. (1) WiL (FWB. American Wood-
cock: 24 Feb. (1, singing) WaR (FWB). Common Snipe: 1 Mar. (1) MC
(CRS). Herring Gull: 15 Feb. (1) RC (iPR). Ring-billed Gull: 15 Feb. (3)
RC (PR) . Barred Owl: 4, 1 8 Apr. ( 1 ) RM (FWB) , 24 Apr. ( 1 ) UM (CRS) .
Chuck-wilPs- widow: first, 20 Apr. (1) MC (CRS). Whip-poor-will: first, 24
April (6) UM (CRS). Purple Martin: first, 3 Mar. (1) EGC (LRH). Red-
breasted Nuthatch: "abundant” throughout period RM (FWB). Catbird: (1)
wintering E (LRH, et al) . Brown Thrasher: (1) wintering E (LRH, ef al.)
Vireo-Sparrow: Solitary Vireo: 27 Mar. (1) RM (FWB), very early. Cape
May Warbler: 23 Apr. (3) WiL (CRS), early. Cerulean Warbler: 2 5 Apr.
(1) UM, (CRS), early. Yellow- throated Warbler: 23 Apr. (1) WiL (CRS).
Louisiana Waterthrush: 2 5 Mar. (1) RM (FWB), early. Evening Grosbeak:
until end of Apr. E. Pine Siskin: throughout period (75-100) RM (FWB).
Red Crossbill: 1 Feb. (50) RM (FWB), 15 Feb. (20) WaL (PR), 20 Feb.
(12) RM (FWB). White-winged Crossbill: 1 Feb. (100) RM (FWB), 20
Feb. (12) RM) (FWB), 6 Mar. -21 Apr. (6-7) RM (FWB). Vesper Sparrow:
15 Mar. (1) UT (FA, JC), 4 Apr. (3) CC (FA, JC), 24 Apr. (1) GRS
(FA, JC).
Locations: CC — Cades Cove, E — Elizabethton, EGC — Elizabethton Golf
Course, GRS — Greenbrier Ranger Station GSMNP, HC — Heaton Creek, near
RM, LR — Lovell Rd., 140, Knox Co., MC — Milligan College, RC — Roan Creek
area of WaL, RM — Roan M.tn., UM — Unaka Mtn., UT — UT Plant Science
Farm, WaL— Watauga Lake, WaR— Watauga River, WiL— Wilbur Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop III, JA — Jean Alsop, FWB — Fred W. Behrend,
JC— Jim Campbell, LRH— Lee R. Herndon, JCH— J. C. Howell, DH—
Dennis Huffman, PR — Pete Range, CRS — ^Charles R. Smith.
Brent Rowell, 2227 Edgemont Ave., Bristol 37620.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
48
THE MIGRANT
JUNE
ANNOUNCEMENT OF A FALL MEETING
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF THE
9-11 OCTOBER 1970
HOLIDAY HILLS RESORT, CROSSVILLE, TENNESSEE
11:00-12:00
12:00-13:00
13:00-14:00
14:00
Evening
Schedule of Events, Saturday, 10 October 1970
Meeting of the Committee for Self-study and Future Plans
Lunch, on your own
Meeting of the Board of Directors
Informal Paper Session Begins
"The Role of the TOS in the Tennessee Environmental
Council,” by George R. Mayfield, Jr.
There will be informal field trips both Saturday and Sunday mornings for
those who may be interested in participating. Those planning to attend this
meeting should make their own reservations directly with the Holiday Hills
Resort, Drawer 608, Crossville, Tennessee 3 8 5 5 5, as soon as possible before
15 September 1970, and state that they are with the TOS meeting. This is
especially important since we have until 1 5 September to fill up the resort,
after which they will begin accepting other reservations. A $10.00 deposit
should accompany your request for a reservation. For those who decide to
attend at the last minute, there are numerous other motels and resorts in
the area as well as camping at nearby Cumberland Mountain State Park.
For further information, contact Kenneth H. Dubke, 3 302 Navajo Drive,
Chattanooga, Tennessee 37411.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts* Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on Sjxll” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in '‘continental** form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5 th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted*
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request* Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be
through the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for publication should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate
departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside
front cover.
CONTENTS
Winter Flock Structure and Behavior of the Carolinia Chickadee
Gary O. Wallace 25
President's Message for TOS
George R, Mayfield Jr 30
Tennessee Orinithological Society Annual Board of Directors’
Meeting l
Daniel Gray, Jr. Secretary 31
The 1970 Spring Field Days 34
Round Table Note
Northern Phalarope in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Fred J. Alsop III 39
The Season. Edited by Charles R. Smith 41
Western Costal Plain Region. David E. Fatter son 41
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Farmer 42
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 45
Eastern Mountain Region. Brent Fowell 46
Si RSIS
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ORNITHOLOGICAL
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PTEMBER
'V:l/SRARlta
THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1930
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Foiinded at Nashville, TeniL, 7 October 1915
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6f Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
'‘STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixon, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Taliwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELUS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE:
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
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and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A.
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 41 SEPTEMBER, 1970
NO. 3
A CENSUS OF A BREEDING BIRD POPULATION IN A
VIRGIN SPRUCE FIR FOREST ON MT. GUYOT,
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK
By Fred J. Alsop, III
Introduction
There is no true timberline in the Southern Appalachians. The spruce-fir
forests that crowned the crests of this chain of mountains bisecting much of
the eastern United States have been reduced to a remnant by the activities of
man. More than ninety percent of the virgin spruce stands of these mountains
have been lost due to lumbering and fires (Stupka, 1963). The unspoiled
Canadian Zone forests of Mt. Guyot and the other high mountains within
the boundaries of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are unique in
eastern North America, both their fauna and flora. Not every species of bird
found in the boreal spruce-fir forests of northern Maine and western Ontario
are to be found there. Indeed, many characteristics of the forests of the north
are rare in the spruce-fir of these southern highlands, but enough boreal species
inhabit the biome to make it the only clearly-defined "life zone” in these
mountains. In these high-altitude forests many Canadian Zone birds nest in
the southernmost extension of their breeding range in the Eastern United
States.
The Balsam Wooly Aphid {Chermes picea) was accidentally introduced
from Europe into New England in 1908. It has since spread to eastern Canada,
the Pacific Northwest, and to the Southern Appalachians. In 1957 it was dis-
covered in North Carolina, and in 1963 on Mt. Sterling in the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park.
Because of its exceedingly high reproductive capacity and the absence of
natural predators the aphid represents a very serious threat to many species
of fir trees in this country. A heavy stem infestation can kill a tree within two
years (United States Departments of Agriculture and Interior, 1964). In the
Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Fraser Fir {Abies fraseri) forms al-
[VoL. 41, 1970]
50
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
most pure stands above 6,000 feet altitude. Should this species be destroyed,
the vegetation of these mountain highlands would undergo dramatic changes
which would soon be followed by equally intense changes in the kinds of
animals living in this biome.
Purpose of the Study
The uprpose of this study was to determine as accurately as possible the
density of the bird populations in a virgin spruce-fir forest before changes in
the forest resulting from aphid damage could occur. Accounts of the kinds of
birds to be found in the spruce-fir biome are numerous. Some taken in the
Southern Appalachians date almost one hundred years ago (Brewster, 1886).
These reports give excellent records of the numbers of species to be found, but
none gives the numbers of individuals of each species, the density, to be ex-
pected for a given unit of measure of spruce-fir forest.
A knowledge of the approximate avian population is of importance for
several reasons: 1) As far as can be determined from the literature search,
there are no records of population censuses taken in a virgin spruce-fir forest.
The Study is, therefore, unique. 2) Should the aphid continue to spread un-
checked, there will occur many changes in the flora and fauna of the area.
3) Records of the present population densities are needed as a basis for com-
parison for ecological studies which might be undertaken at some future date.
The Area
The area chosen for study was a sample plot established in the spruce-fir
forest on Mt. Guyot in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Mt. Guyot is
the second highest mountain in the Park and the third highest point in the
Eastern United States, reaching an altitude of 6,621 feet above sea level at
3 5°43’ N., 83° 16’ W. (USGS map NI 17-1). It is located on the boundary
of Haywood County, North Carolina and Sevier County in East Tennessee.
The mountain is accessible by United States Highway 441 and by Tennessee
Highways 32 and 73. Only foot trails enter the mountain itself. A base camp
from which the census was conducted was established at Tricorner Knob, a
permanent shelter on the Appalachian Trail.
The study plot was a sixty-acre L-shaped grid divided into forty squares
2 56 feet on a side, each square having an area of one and one-half acres. Ele-
vation of the plot varied from 5,760 to 6,000 feet. The climate at this eleva-
tion is similar to that found farther to the north. The average annual precipi-
tation is about 3 8 inches. The average temperature in January is equivalent to
that in Central Ohio while the average July temperature is duplicated along
the southern edge of Hudson Bay in Canada (U.S. Dept, of Commerce,
Weather Bureau, 1962). During the period of the census, 17 June, 1967, to
27 June, 1967, the average daily noon temperature at Tricorner Knob was
58°F.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
51
The dominant plant association is the spruce-fir forest of the Canadian
Zone biome. Because of their remoteness from easily accessible areas, the forests
of Mt. Guyot were not logged before the national park was established. The
forests that exist on the mountain at present are magnificent virgin remnants
of those that once extended northward from the Southern Appalachians into
Canada.
There was no edge or ecotone in the study area. The forest surrounding
the grid was the same for miles in all directions being broken only by an oc-
casional windfall. The uniformity of the area is an important factor. Uniform
habitats typical of large regions are particularly desirable and at least one-half
the value of each count depends upon it (Hall, 1964).
A survey of the forest crown vegetation on the census area was made. Its
composition was found to be as follows: Fraser Fir 80%, Red Spruce (Picea
ruhens) 16%, and Yellow Birch {Be tula lutea) 4%. (For a complete de-
scription of vegetation see Alsop, 1968.) Due to the shallowness of their root
systems many trees are blown over during periods of strong winds leaving a
mass of roots, soil, and matted vegetation standing almost vertically at the
butt of the trunk. At least two species of birds, the Winter Wren (Troglo-
dytes troglodytes) and the Slate-colored Junco (Junco hymenalis) , were found
to use these upturned tangled masses for nesting sites.
The Study
Because many birds pass through the Great Smokies in the course of their
spring migration, the end of the second week of June was chosen as a favor-
able time to begin the census. At this time no migrants are likely to be found
in the spruce-fir forests and most of the passerine birds in residence in these
high elevations are involved in some phase of their nesting activities during
this period.
In order to minimize error in the conversion of the numbers of territorial
males on the plot to a basis of the number of males per hundred acres the plot
was made as large as possible. It was felt that sixty acres could be covered by
the observer in one census trip before the birds’ activity began to decline.
Coverage of an area this large by a single observer was possible largely due to
the restriction of the environment to a single uniform type and to the per-
sistance of the birds’ activity during most of the day at this altitude.
When the grid was established, with the recording stations at the inter-
sections of the grid lines, a map was made of it for each species recorded on
or over the study area (for a more detailed description of the methods and
materials used see Alsop, 1968). These were used to plot the location of each
contact and to establishing the number of territorial males using the area.
At each station, as soon as the time and station number were recorded,
birds were counted by sight and sound for three minutes. During this time all
the birds contacted were recorded. This was done even though the population
density would be based on males only, to gain a knowledge of all the birds that
occurred on the census area regardless of their status. No contacts made while
moving from one station to the next were recorded.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
52
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
Contacts were scored in three ways using the symbols se for seen, si for
heard singing, and h for heard calling only. This procedure was used because
it was felt by the observer that a singing bird was probably a male advertising
his territory and was therefore more important, from the standpoint of the
census results, than a bird detected only by his call notes. In the same manner
a bird scored as singing was given priority over one actually seen. The type
of contact was followed with an estimate of the distance, in feet, from the
observer to the bird. The bird’s direction in relation to that of the observer
was plotted using a compass.
A special effort was made to record the locations of males of the same
species singing simultaneously. This information was much more helpful than
clusters of records of singing observations from a series of days because the
birds were known to be two different individuals, a fact that enabled me to
draw a territorial line between them on a map. During each count special
notations were made of birds that flew over the area such as Chimney Swifts
{Chaetma pelagica), Broad-winged Hawks {Buteo platypterus) , and Ravens
(CorvMS corax). Noted also were the locations of immature birds and birds
whose actions indicated a nest might be close by. In all, nine counts were
made during the morning hours and six in the afternoon for a total of fifteen.
TABLE 1
THE POPUIATION DENSITY OF MID- JUNE BREEDINO BIRDS OF THE
MT. GUYOT SPRUCE-FIR F(»EST
Species
Number of males
per 6o acres
Number of malas
per 100 ae^v:
Slate -colored Junco (Junco hyoraalis)
h6
76
Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulvis satrapa)
30
So
Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)
20
33
Veery (Ilylocichla fuaceseena)
20
33
Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens)
Ih
23
Solitary Viceo (Vireo solitarius)
9
IS
Black-threated Green Warbler (Dendroica virena)
7
11+
Brown Creeper (Certhia fandliaris)
6
10
Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)
5
8
Robin (Turdus migratorius )
5
8
Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus )
h
6+
Hairy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos villos\is)
2
3
Blackb\jmian Warbler (Dendroica fusca)
2
3
Totals
170
281
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
53
TABI£ 2
A COMPARISON OF THE NUMBERS OF MAI£ BIRDS PER HUNDRED ACRES ON KT. GUYOT AND MT. MITCHELL
SpaclM
Plot Census'
Mb, Guyot
Alsop, 1967
strip Census
Mt. Mitchell
Alsop, 1967
Plot Census
lit. Mitchell
Adams, 1959
Slate-colored Junco (Junco hyemalis)
76
2U
65
Golden-crovned Kinglet (Reguliui satrapa)
50
13
50
Winter Wren (Trogoldytos troglodytes)
33
22
35
Veery (Hylocichla fuscescens)
33
12
4
Black-threated Blue Warbler (D, caemlescens)
23
0
0
Solitary Vlreo (Vireo solitarius)
15
3
ko
Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendrolca virens )
114
3
75
Brown Creeper (Cerbhia familiaris)
10
0
4
Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)
8
14
20
Robin (Turdus inifyatoriua)
8
h
15
Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus )
6+
0
0
Hairy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos; villeaua)
3
0
4-
Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca)
3
0
35
Seng Sparrow (Meloapiza melodia)
0
6
0
Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylyanica)
0
8
0
Canada Warbler (Wllsonia canadensis)
0
14
1
Catbird (Dunetella carolinensis)
0
14
0
iroii 2fBi m 3ll0
This method of plotting the birds contacted on maps to determine the
number of territorial males present, the Williams spot-mapping method, is
very well adapted for most species of small passerine birds. The method is not
used to determine the territorial boundaries, but to determine the number of
territories present.
Twenty-four species of birds were found on or flying over the Mt. Guyot
study plot. Of these twenty-four, thirteen were thought to be breeding birds
or territory holders at the time of the census. These thirteen species were
represented by one hundred-seventy territorial males, an average of 2.8 terri-
torial males per acre (Table 1).
A trip was made to Mt. Mitchell in North Carolina to see the effects of
the Balsam Wooly Aphid and to conduct a brief census of a bird population
in a disturbed habitat for comparison with the Mt. Guyot study. It can be
assumed from the close proximity of Mt. Guyot to Mt. Mitchell (they are
about fifty-five statute miles apart and of similar elevations) that the forests
and the birds found on both were originally identical. This can be further
[VoL. 41, 1970]
54
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
substantiated by the records of early naturalists such as Brewster (1886). To-
day they are quite different. The forests on Guyot are in their primitive con-
dition; those of Mt. Mitchell have been logged, burned, infested, and left to
the ravages of the winds except for some Fraser Fir at the very summit which
now face the threat of the aphid. Adams (1959) conducted a breeding bird
census on Mt. Mitchell.
On 1 and 2 July, 1967, I conducted two strip censuses to get an index of
the relative abundance of the breeding birds there. I was looking for the ab-
sence of species recorded on Mt. Guyot and the occurrence of any birds that
had not been observed there whose presence could be tied to the ecological
changes in the vegetation on M,t. Mitchell. The result of these counts and a
comparison with those of Adams’ on Mitchell and mine on Guyot are shown
in Table 2.
The most dramatic differences in the avifauna were the absences of the
Black-throated Blue Warbler {Dendroica caerulescens) , Brown Creeper (Cer-
thia jamiliaris), and Black-capped Chickadee (Partis atricapillus) on Mt.
Mitchell as these were common in the spruce-fir of Mt. Guyot. Similarly, the
Song Sparrow (Melo^piza melodia) and the Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendro-
ica pensylvanica) were plentiful on Mt. Mitchell, but the Song Sparrow was
never recorded on Mt. Guyot and only one Chestnut-sided Warbler was a
visitor to the study plot.
The strip censuses taken on Mt. Mitchell also indicate decreases in the pop-
ulations of Solitary Vireos (Vireo solit arms') ^ Black-throated Green Warblers
{Dendroica virens) ^ Red-breasted Nuthatches {Sitta canadensis)^ Robins
{T Urdus migratorius) ^ and Blackburnian Warblers {Dendroica fusca). Possibly
the bird that has benefited the most by the changes in Mt. Mitchell’s vegeta-
tion is the Song Sparrow. This seems to be a "disaster” species in the higher
elevations of the Southern Appalachians. It extends its range to the very peaks
of these mountains when sufficient damage has been done to the vegetation
to establish the open second-growth areas it prefers.
Summary
The introduction of the European Balsam Wooly Aphid into the United
States poses a threat to the Fraser Fir of this country. A census was conducted
in the virgin spruce-fir forests of Mt. Guyot in the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park using a spot-mapping method to determine the absolute breed-
ing bird population on a sixty-acre plot before ecological changes were brought
about by aphid destruction. The results of this census were compared to
findings of other investigators in similar biomes. A trip was made to, and a
strip census was conducted on, Mt. Mitchell where the forests have under-
gone dramatic changes due to the destruction of the trees by man and aphid
infestation. The findings on Mt. Mitchell were compared to those of Mt. Guyot
to see if any changes in the avifauna could be linked directly to the aphid.
This research was important not only in providing a basis for comparison
by future investigators, but also in that censuses in undisturbed spruce-forests
are few in general and unique in the Southern Appalachians.
fVoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
55
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. James T. Tanner, my
major professor, for his continued aid and suggestions before, during, and af-
ter the period of research which helped to make this work possible. I am fur-
ther grateful to him and Dr. J. C. Howell and Dr. D. A. Etnier, members of
my review committee, who gave of their time in evaluating the original manu-
script.
Literature Cited
Alsop, Fred J. III. 1968. A Census of a Breeding Bird Population in a Vir-
gin Spruce Fir Forest on Mt. Guyot, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Unpublished Masters Thesis. Dept, of Zoology and Entomology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Adams, D. A. 1959. Fraser’s Fir Forest, Breeding Bird Census. Au^dubon
Field Notes. 13(6):464.
Brewster, W. 1886. An Ornithological Reconnaissance in Western North
Carolina. Auk 3:94-112, 173-179.
Hall, G. A. 1964. Breeding-bird Censuses — Why and How. Audubon Field
Notes 18(3) :416.
Stupka, A. 1963. Notes on the Birds of Great Smoky Mountains National
Park. The Univ. of Tenn. Press.
U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. 1962. Climatology of
the United States. No. 20-40.
U. S. Departments of Agriculture and Interior, 1964. Balsam Wooly Aphid
Attacks Fraser Fir in Appalachians, Atlanta, Ga.
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville, 37916.
[VoL. 41, 19701
S6
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
A 1969 SPOT-COUNT OF SUMMER BIRDS
OF SHELBY COUNTY
By Ben B. Coffey, Jr.
Many early summer field trips have been made in the Mid-South, generally
at some distance from Memphis, during the last two decades. Last June, I de-
cided to renew acquaintance with Shelby County. From 8 June through 6 July,
1969, I was out for parts of fifteen mornings (with Mrs. Coffey on four) for
a total of 46 hours of roadside observations including travel time between the
frequent stops made. Representative areas throughout the county were worked.
Except for short periods in Overton and Riverside Parks, no observations were
made in Memphis (including Whitehaven) or the larger towns.
In arranging the total count, which follows, I decided it would be of more
interest to list the eighty species in numerical order, the numbers being both
relative and tentative. The House Sparrow, for which no count was made, was
ranked arbitrarily. Counts for the Rough-winged Swallow include a flock of
32 and for the Turkey, 12 immatures with the 3 adults, placing them higher
in the ranking than deserved. Further discussion follows the list.
Common Crackle, 680; Mockingbird, 539; Cardinal, 508; Bobwhite, 431;
Indigo Bunting, 424; Eastern Meadowlark, 424; Starling, 3 53; Robin, 293;
Blue Jay, 280; Red-winged Blackbird, 2 54; House Sparrow, common; Yellow-
throat, 227; Carolina Wren, 204; Rufous-sided Towhee, 15 5; Wood Thrush,
142; Barn Swallow, 141; Yellow-breasted Chat, 13 8; Brown-headed Cowbird,
129; Orchard Oriole, 121; Carolina Chickadee, 117; Mourning Dove, 108;
Chimney Swift, 107; Eastern Kingbird, 105; Tufted Titmouse, 77; Red-bellied
Woodpecker, 61; Brown Thrasher, 5 8; White-eyed Vireo, 5 8; Yellow-billed
Cuckoo, 57; Summer Tanager, 52; Dickcissel, 50; Yellow-shafted Flicker, 44;
Acadian Flycatcher, 41; Rough-winged Swallow, 39; Wood Pewee, 36; Downy
Woodpecker, 32; Purple Martin, 31; Red-eyed Vireo, 30; Field Sparrow, 29;
Great Crested Flycatcher, 26; Common Crow, 23; Blue Grosbeak, 20; Catbird,
19; Loggerhead Shrike, 18; Killdeer, 18; Prothonotary Warbler, 16; Green
Heron, 15; Turkey, 15; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 13; Parula Warbler, 13; Ken-
tucky Warbler, 11; Baltimore Oriole, 11; American Redstart, 9; Red-headed
Woodpecker, 7; Grasshopper Sparrow, 7; Warbling Vireo, 6; Eastern Bluebird,
6; Fish Crow, 5; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 4; Wood Duck, 4; Pileated
Woodpecker, 4; Mississippi Kite, 4; Swainson’s Warbler, 4; Hooded Warbler, 3;
Horned Lark, 3; Yellow- throated Vireo, 3; Eastern Phoebe, 3; Yellow-throated
Warbler, 2; Belted Kingfisher, 2; Red- tailed Hawk, 2; Yellow-crowned Night
Heron, 2; Chipping Sparrow, 2; Common Nighthawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,
1; Cerulean Warbler, 1; Turkey Vulture, 1; Broad- winged Hawk, 1; Common
Egret, 1; Little Blue Herron, 1; Painted Bunting, 1; Bewick’s Wren, 1.
A roadside count is, to some extent, weighted in favor of certain species.
But, on June mornings, a large percentage of the birds present within an ap-
preciable distance will be heard. Some species may be relatively quiet during
short periods and there are other variables (including the observer factor) . If
some wooded bottoms and ravine areas (not otherwise visited) had been walk-
ed, relatively more warblers (except the Chat and Yellow- throat) and two
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
57
vireo species might have been listed. However, we do not, now, have many
such areas. One route was by road through Shelby Forest. For some reason.
Cerulean, Yellow- throated and Hooded Warblers were low; absence of the
Louisiana Water-thrush would warrant a special search for the sepcies at the
first chance. The number of Wood Thrushes indicates that routes passed close
to woods at many points. If it had been practical to take some of the routes
along noisy city streets, the relative number of Robins, Towhees, Mocking-
Birds, Starlings, Crackles, and House Sparrows would have been increased; to
a lesser extent. Catbird and Brown Thrasher. One or two Sparrow Hawks
might have been found in town. Late evening runs might have shown more
Mourning Doves. Night runs in the right areas would have added the Chuck-
Will’s-widow and Barred Owl, with remote chances for Great Horned Owl
and Screech Owl. Certain town areas after dark would add to the single
Nighthawk seen. The Hairy Woodpecker and hawks and vultures were low.
The Cooper’s Hawk may not be seen here for a year or two at a time; the
Black Vulture and Red-shouldered Hawk have become uncommon. All herons,
except the Green Heron, are now uncommon, but the Yellow-crowned Night
Heron is now nesting in Riverside Park. Other species now absent or difficult
to find as summer residents here, are: Pied-billed Grebe, Great Blue Heron,
King Rail, and Bachman’s Sparrow. The White-breasted Nuthatch (0) and
Bewick’s Wren (1) have always been very uncommon here. The Painted
Bunting is local but it does seem to be absent now from the Riverside Park
bluff and edges.
One item of interest is that this list of 80 species includes about fourteen
that were not summer residents about 50 years ago; some are high in the list.
These, with approximate year of first nesting in Shelby County, are: Robin
(1918), Horned Lark (1932), Painted Bunting (1933), Barn Swallow
(193 5), Starling (1935), Rufous-sided T owhee (1941), Cerulean W arbler
(1942) Eastern Phoebe (1947), Blue Grosbeak (1960). The first state record
for the Fish Crow was in 1931, for the Mississippi Kite, 1932. The Broad-
winged Hawk, Red-tailed Hawk, and Grasshopper Sparrow also moved in
from the north during this period.
672 N. Belvedere, Memphis 3 8107.
Notice
Birds of the Nashville Area, revised by Henry E. Parmer is available by
mail for $1.25 from Mike Bierly, 3826 Bedford Avenue, Nashville, Ten-
nessee 37215. The booklet was originally published in 1966 and was re-
viewed in The Migrant 37:16. The revised edition contains over 100
changes and three additional species. It would be useful to all birders of
Tennessee and surrounding area as a reference to bird distribution in this
area.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
58
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
ROUND TABLE NOTES
HERONRY AT DYERSBURG IS NO LONGER ACTIVE— The heronry
on U. S. 51 just north of Dyersburg in the industrial park is no longer active.
This heronry has been the subject of notes by myself, {The Migrant 39:59)
by Mrs. Ben Coffey, {The Migrant 3 5:54) and by Albert Ganier {The Mi-
grant 31:48-49).
The heronry was active in 1969 but with fewer birds than in the prior
year. The species mix had changed drastically over the past few years. The
number of Cattle Egrets had been increasing while the Common Egret and
Little Blue Heron had been declining. There has been a large decline in the
Common Egret.
During the past two years there had been increased local concern for the
heronry and it was the subject of a number of newspaper articles including
an excellent one in the Commercial Appeal by Jan Taylor. Mack Prichard
had worked with several of the local organizations and had enlisted their aid
in preserving the heronry. However, the precarious location made it difficult
to save it. It was merely a row of trees with the industrial park on one side
and a subdivision on the other.
I made two trips to the area of the heronry this spring, one in May and
the other in June without seeing a single bird. I had a letter from John
Hughen, owner of part of the property where the heronry was located. He
stated that the birds came back in April but only stayed for a few days. He
said that every so often a stray spends the night. He said that he sort of missed
having them around in spite of inconveniences he had to put up with because
the heronry was only about a hundred yards from his house.
Kenneth Leggett, P. O. Box 16, Pinconning, Mich. 48650.
LITTLE BLUE HERONS IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NA-
TIONAL PARK — On 29 August 1969, at 11:15 (EDT) I observed nine
large white birds in flight at treetop level over the eastern entrance to Cades
Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. As I watched, the birds came
to rest in the tops of three American Sycamore {Platanus occiden^talis) trees
at a height of approximately sixty feet above the ground. The trees stand
along a branch of Abram’s Creek and approximately 100 yards WNW of the
Cades Cove sewage lagoons. I approached the birds on foot to a distance of
80 feet. Twice during this approach the birds left the treetops in short flights,
but each time returned to their former perches.
All nine were Little Blue Herons {Florida caerulea) in the white plumage
of immature birds. The tips of the primaries were a bluish slate-color; the
legs, feet, and lores, greenish-yellow; mandibles bicolored, bluish with black
tips. Binoculars used were 7x35 and the minimal distance to the birds was
around 75 feet. The sky was clear with high-scattered clouds and the tem-
perature was 83T.
I observed the birds for 20 minutes during which time they remained in
the trees. I left, returning shortly with Dennis Huffman, Cades Cove Ranger,
and together we watched the birds another 10 minutes. I last observed them
still sitting in the crowns of the sycamores at 12:05 (EDT).
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
59
This constitutes the second record for this species for the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park. Arthur Stupka in his Notes on the Birds of the
Great Smoky Mountains National Bark'’ (p. 21, University of Tennessee Press,
1963) lists only one record for this species by Joe F. Manley along the West
Prong of the Little Pigeon River, between Gatlinburg and the Park Head-
quarters area. His observation of a single bird, in the white plumage of an im-
mature, was on 19 November 1939.
Fred J. Alsop, III, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916.
LEAST BITTERN NESTING IN BLOUNT COUNTY— On 28 May
1970, while searching for Red-winged Blackbird nests in the Maryville Marshes
of Blount County, Fred Alsop and I discovered the nest of a Least Bittern
{Ixobrychus Exilis). This constitutes the first nesting record of this species for
the area surrounding and including Knox County. No bitterns were seen about
the nest. However, identification was made possible by an examination of the
location and structure of the nest and measurements of egg shell fragments
which lay beneath the nest. The nest was placed in cattails at a height of 18
inches. It was constructed entirely of cattail blades. The nest measured 6x12
inches. The exterior depth was 4 inches. There was no appreciable depression
for a nest cup. The fragments of at least 4 eggs were found beneath the nest.
Two of the fragments were complete enough to yield measurements. Both
measured 30 x 23 mm. Bent gives the average measurements of Least Bittern
eggs as 31 x 23.5 mm. (Bent, A. C. 1926, Life Histories of North American
Marsh Birds, U. S. National Museum Bulletin 13 5.) The eggs were pale blue.
The dominant plant in the immediate vicinity of the nest was the cattail.
The cattail area was fringed with willows. Three inches of water stood about
the nest. Active nests of the Red-winged Blackbird were found near the bittern
nest.
Morris D. Williams, Box 2 5, Five Points 3 8457.
MUTE SWAN IN SULLIVAN COUNTY— Bill Yambert, Tennessee
Game and Fish Commission biologist, informed the writer on 23 January 1970,
that a bird fitting the description of a Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) had been re-
ported to his office by Louis Milhorn, a resident of Boone Lake. Several ob-
servers attempted to locate the bird on 24 and 26 January, but had no success.
On the afternoon of 27 January, Johnny Wood and J. Wallace Coffey
went to Boone Lake and located the bird on the South Holston River Em-
bayment approximately one-fourth mile north of Sugar Hollow in Sullivan
County, Tennessee.
It was a clear, warm, and sunny day. With the sun to our backs, we em-
ployed a 3 Ox telescope and Johnny Wood made several photographs with a
400mm telephoto lens. The bird appeared to be very shy and upon our ap-
proach began to swim away. We were unable to get closer than about 200
yards.
The swan appeared to be mostly white. The neck was held curved with the
bill pointed downward. The bill was somewhat orange and tipped with black.
A distinct knob was evident at the base of the upper mandible but did not
[VoL. 41, 1970]
60
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
seem as fully developed as shown in various popular field guides. The knob
and area surrounding the base of the bill were mostly black. We did not see
the wings raised above the back at anytime.
On 29 January, Dr. Lee R. Herndon joined the writer and observed the
bird. The weather was overcast, rainy, and windy. He confirmed the identi-
fication as a Mute Swan and noted that the neck (nape) had a light brownish
cast. This had not been previously observed in bright sunlight. This individual
closely approached a definitive plumage. However, due to a general lack of
reference material concerning the molt and plumage sequence of this species,
little more has been concluded.
Louis Milhorn stated that the swan arrived in the area on or about 16 Janu-
ary, and was first seen by his daughter. He has been unable to approach the
bird closely and has seen it flying over the lake at a height of several hundred
feet and down the lake for a distance of a mile or more. Herndon and Coffey
observed the bird in flight and noted the flight was strong and the bird
seemed wild. Thomas W. Finucane reported that he had seen the bird and
agreed that it was definitely a wild Mute Swan.
The last observation of this bird, of which we have record, was 21 Feb.
1970.
This record appears to be the first known occurrence of the Mute Swan
in Tennessee. It has been '’Introduced and naturalized in New York (lower
Hudson Valley, Long Island and Gardiners Island) ; wanders to eastern Massa-
chusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Ohio (Cleveland), Pennsylvania (Erie
Bay, Pymatuning), and West Virginia (Brooke and Jefferson Counties)” (see
Check-List of North American Birds ^ [fifth edition] American Ornithologists’
Union 1957, page 5 8.)
J. Wallace Coffey, 508 Spruce Street, Bristol 37620.
BARNACLE GOOSE AT TENNESSEE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REF-
UGE— On 2 March 1970, a Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis) , was observed
mingling with five Canada Geese at the Duck River Unit of the Tennessee Na-
tional Wildlife Refuge near Camden, Tennessee. Bob Easley, biological techni-
cian for the refuge, made the initial identification of this rare and unusual
species, and notified me. (This is only the second recorded sighting in the state;
the first was reported by Tony Koella in the September, 1969, issue of The
Migrant. )
On my first visit, I observed the bird from approximately 50 yards with
7 X 50 binoculars and a 3 Ox zoom spotting scope. It appeared to be about
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
61
two-thirds the size of the companion Canada Geese. The predominantly white
head with black eye
patch, extending across
the bill in spectacle
fashion, a black crown
and nape, black chest,
greyish upperparts and
white breast, confirmed
my identification. The
Barnacle’s coloration is
markedly different
from Snow, Blue, or
Canada Geese. Because
this species is mono-
morphic, it is visually
impossible to determine
whether this Barnacle
is male or female. The
Barnacle appeared to be amicably mingling with the Canadas. They engaged
in playful pecking and feeding.
As recently as 24 April 1970, the goose was reportedly still in the area.
The bird is residing in a restricted portion of the refuge, being usually observed
in wheat fields adjacent to the dike which separates the farming portion of
the refuge from the waters of the Tennessee River.
On subsequent visits, I have been able to view the bird from as close as
2 5 yards. This bird has been photographed many times by myself and others.
It would appear that the Canadas were unable to complete the Spring
migration North, and may summer, and perhaps even nest on the refuge this
year. The Barnacle appears to be in good condition, and I speculate that it
remained behind with these Canadas, rather than continuing North with an-
other flock. According to Waterfowl of the World, by Jean Delacour, Vol. 1,
p. 180, Barnacle Geese and Canada Geese readily mate, and produce fertile
young. The exciting possibility exists that hybrid goslings may be produced
on the refuge this year. However, it might be mentioned here, that the birds
have NOT been observed in a nesting situation; it is merely a possibility. High
water during the months of April and May, at Tennessee Refuge, could ham-
per nesting conditions. Also, predators are more prevalent in this area than
in the natural nesting habitat in the North, which might endanger young, if,
indeed, any young birds were hatched. (Note: Barnacle Goose breeding grounds
are found in Eastern Greenland.)
After notifying Henry E. Parmer, of Nashville, of the positive identifica-
tion of this goose, many amateur and professional ornithologists from over
the State have made visits to the refuge to add this species to their life lists.
Among those who have contacted me are: Michael Lee Bierly, Roger O. Har-
shaw, John and Heather Riggins, all of Nashville, and Mrs. Don Manning, of
McKenzie, Tennessee.
Gary N. Burke, Ass’t. Manager, Box 849, Tennessee National Wildlife
Refuge, Paris 3 8242.
[Vol. 41, 1970]
62
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
DARK-PHASED, ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK IN COFFEE COUNTY—
While returning to Lebanon from a trip to Chattanooga on 9 February 1970,
on US 41, my wife noticed a large hawk-like bird ''hunting” along the side
of a ridge which is located in a very prominent "saddle” midway between the
town of Manchester and the community of Beech Grove. We returned to the
point of her observation to look for it and shortly thereafter saw a large, dark
hawk about 100 yards away hunting midway down the ridge which was par-
tially pastured and the rest left fallow in broomsedge. Though quite large, it
was apparent by its flight that this was neither of the vultures. Even though
there were intermittent snow flurries and the day overcast, observation with
7x5 0 binoculars disclosed an almost uniformly dark, almost black, buteo with
dark tail broken by a broad white line dorsally and ventrally. Even under ad-
verse conditions it was apparent that this was not one of our "uncommon” but
resident buteos, the Red-tailed or Red-shouldered Hawk nor was it large
enough to be an eagle. The bird perched in a dead tree and upon consultation
with Robbins, Bruun et al, Birds of North America (pp. 64ff) and Peterson,
A Field Guide to the Birds (pp. 5 3-68), the bird was tentatively identified as
a Rough-legged Hawk. After remaining perched for a few minutes the buteo
flew along the side of the ridge, about l/3 of the way from the top, hovered,
disclosing very plainly black-tipped white primaries and a white base to the
dorsal surface of the tail. We continued to watch this hawk hunting, soaring,
and perched for about five more minutes until he "flapped” over the ridge
toward Manchester and we proceeded homeward. The "hovering” behavior,
according to Pfeterson, p. 64, is distinctive for this species. According to Henry
E. Parmer, Birds of the Nashville Area, 2nd Ed. p. 10, this is a very rare win-
ter visitor to Middle Tennessee.
Rev. William Senter, 827 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon 37087.
MERLIN (PIGEON HAWK) IN LEBANON— At 12:10 on Wednesday,
4 Feb. 1970 while observing birds with my 7x50 binoculars at my feeder and
around the perimeter of my yard, I noticed a large bird perched in the top
(about 40 feet) of a "snag” oak tree about 150 feet from my window and
due east. As I observed it through my binoculars, two Blue Jays perched un-
derneath it and began to harass it. Although there was about 1.5 inches of
new fallen snow on the ground, the sky had cleared and the bird was facing
directly into the sun (and facing toward the house). I was immediately im-
pressed with a bright golden streaked chest. Closer scrutiny revealed a dark
back, a long, light tail, the complete absence of any rufous color anywhere,
and a facial pattern. After several minutes, the bird flew very rapidly almost
directly overhead, and I was able to observe a definite falcon-like bend to the
wings, light belly and under-wings, dark wing-tips and a barred tail. Being
familiar with Kestrels (Sparrow Hawks), I eliminated this bird as being a
member of that species because of the absence of red color, size (it was longer
and larger and filled that perch on the snag more fully than does the Sparrow
Hawk which occasionally looks over my yard) and flight (which was faster
and less hump-shouldered than that of a Kestrel). Because of the presence of
a facial pattern, streaked breast, and rapid flight I made a preliminary identi-
fication of a Peregrine Falcon, and called Mrs. Carole Knauth of Nashville for
consultation. While talking with her and upon further reference to Peterson,
A Field Guide to the Birds (pp. 54, 5 5, 66, 67 and 73) and Robbins, Bruun,
[VoL. 41, D70]
1970
THE MIGRANT
63
et al, Birds of North Americay I changed my earlier identification to that of
a Merlin because, although large and with somewhat of a face pattern, this
bird was not quite the size of a crow (which, according to Peterson is near
the size of a Peregrine) nor was its wingspread as great as 40 inches (which
according to Robbins, et al, p. 7%-79 is that of a Peregrine). Shortly after
concluding my call, I noticed the small birds at my feeders were "startled” to
low cover and I searched the yard and discovered the falcon perched on a
CB radio antenna about 45 feet high and 75 feet away to the North-west.
This time I was able to get a side view and noted the brown back and streak-
ings, again, the absence of any rufous color, and the brownish facial pattern
which showed a vertical line through the eyes which was not quite as distinct
as that shown for the Peregrine. In fact, the facial pattern and tail pattern
more closely resembled those pictures of a Prairie Falcon in Robbins, et al, pp.
7S-79; however, the Peregrine size and western range of that species rules out
identification of this bird as being that species even though the facial patterns
were similar. After about a minute, the falcon flew and again I was able to
observe the rapidity of its flight, the bend of its wings and its light underbelly.
Although it can be presumed from the behavior of the smaller birds at the
feeder that the bird remained in the area, I did not see it again that day. Early
the next morning, 09:00, I again observed the bird in the oak snag and cap-
tured a Starling and tied it down in the hopes of luring the falcon to attack;
however, that was the last sighting.
On Friday evening, 6 Feb., 1970, I attended the records meeting of the
Nashville TOS for discussion and collaboration of this find. After presentation
and consultation, this sighting was accepted as an immature or female Merlin,
or Pigeon Hawk. Prior to this, there had been only eight records since 1916
(Henry E. Parmer, Birds of the Nashville Area, 2nd Ed. p. 10). Although both
Peterson and Robbins, et al, state the winter range of this falcon to be south
of Tennessee, according to Parmer, there are records for the Pigeon Hawk in
September, November, December, January, and March. Whether or not this
was a late migrant pushed southward by the cold and snow of late January
and early February, a winter resident of the Cumberland Plateau forced to
the Basin by the same weather, a resident of this winter in the area, or an
early spring migrant laying over for a few days, one can only guess.
Rev. William Senter, 827 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon 37087.
KING RAIL IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL
PARK — On the afternoon of 15 May 1970 Park Ranger Dennis Huffman and
I were working the western end of Cades Cove along a section of Abram’s
Creek known as "the oxbow”. I was searching for the nests and eggs of the
Red- winged Blackbird {Agelaius phoeniceus) in the bullrushes and willows
along the creek and in the wet-weather ditches that drain into the creek at
that point. While wading the ankle-deep water in a patch of bullrushes about
40 yards from the main stream I flushed a King Rail (Rallus elegans) . The
bird flew past us and on for a distance of about 75 feet before dropping into
the tall vegetation at the edge of the creek. A search was made in the area
from which the bird was flushed for a nest, but none was found. Our efforts
to put the rail up again were also unsuccessful.
On the afternoon of 19 May 1970 Morris Williams and I returned to the
oxbow to secure Red-wing eggs. The King Rail was flushed again, this time
[VoL. 41, 1970]
64
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
about 100 yards from the previous siite and from a wet ditch containing about
six inches of water and a dense stand of Blue Flag {Iris versicolor). Again a
search was made for a possible nest with none being located. And again the
rail, which had flown approximately eighty feet, could not be found a second
time.
Arthur Stupka (1963. Notes on the Birds of Great Smoky Mountains Na-
tional Parky Univ. of Tenn. Press) lists but two previous records for this
species in the Park. Both are late summer (9 Aug. 1959) and fall (28 Oct.
1947) records.
Fred J. Aesop, III, Dept, of Zoology and Entomology, University of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville, 37916.
KING RAILS IN KNOX COUNTY— For several nesting seasons Ray M.
Ellis, Jim Campbell, and I (FJA) have looked for evidence of breeding King
Rails {Rallus elegans) in Knox County without success. On 26 May, 1970,
Morris Williams and I were working a small marsh bordering the eastern end
of the single runway of Powell airport in north-central Knox County. While
searching a dense stand of Blue Flag {Iris versicolor) for nests of the Red-
winged Blackbird {Agelaim phoeniceus) I heard the note of a marshbird near
my feet. I followed the note of the unseen bird for several feet without once
seeing the caller. A marker was placed in the area where the bird was first
detected and with Morris’ help a search for a possible nest was soon initiated.
Approximately 10 feet from my marker I found the nest; under the toe of my
left boot. The nest contained 7 eggs (two of which I had broken) and one
downy young of the day.
The eggs were olive-brown in color with dark and cinnamon brown spots
scattered over them. The two broken eggs were removed and the fragments
later measured were approximately 39 x 28.5 mm. The two embryos looked
as if they would have hatched in the next 48 hours. The young bird was al-
most two inches long and its pink legs were about as long as its body. The
plumage was glossy-black except for the chin which was bright orange. The
bill was entirely white. Photographs were taken of the nest, eggs, and young
before the site was returned to its approximate previous condition. At 22:30
Gary Wallace, Jim Campbell, and I returned to the nest site. I heard the
adult slip off and we found the young and 5 eggs still warm. This is the first
evidence of King Rails nesting in Knox County in 18 years (Howell, J. C.
and Muriel B. Monroe. 1957. The Birds of Knox County, Tennessee. Journal
of Tenn. Acad, of Sci. 32 (4) :247-322) .
On 2 June, 1970 the nest was collected. The base of the nest touched the
2 inch of water beneath it. The nest averaged 3J inches in height and was
trapezoid shaped with the two parallel sides being 6^ inches, the short side 6
inches, and the long side 6| inches. The extreme width, diagonally, was 8^
inches. The top of the nest was only slightly concave. It was constructed al-
most entirely of a single species of grass (unidentified) that was found grow-
ing commonly throughout the marsh.
On 27 May, 1970, I (FJA) watched an adult King Rail feeding along the
vegetated edge of a pond at Johnson Bible College in extreme southeastern Knox
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
65
County. This bird was still present on 13 June when it was observed and
photographed by Mrs. E. E. Overton and Miss Jessie Dempster.
Fred J. Alsop, III, Dept, of Zoology and Entomology, University of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville 37916.
KING RAILS IN BLOUNT COUNTY— On 28 May, 1970, Morris Wil-
liams and I (FJA) found 3 nests of the King Rail {Rallus elegans) in a small
marsh of less than three acres within the city limits of Alcoa, Blount County,
Tennessee. Each of the nests was placed in the base of a Great Bulrush (Scir-
pus validtis). Each nest site was in bulrush that was surrounded by somewhat
shorter marsh grasses and some distance from the next clump of bulrush. The
first nest discovered was 5 inches above the water. It measured 4^ inches in
depth and was 7| inches across at its widest point, with a lip of approximately
2 inch. The bulrush it was in was 50 inches tall and the rail had bent much
of it over 13 inches above the nest. It was built over water and was some 20
feet from a pool of open water. It appeared the nest had not been used, but
subsequent trips revealed no further usage.
The second nest was across the open water and 75 feet from the first. It
measured 4 inches in depth and 8 inches across with a lip of inches. It
contained 12 eggs, medium olive-gray in color with cinnamon-brown and
purplish splotches, which averaged 43 x 33 mm. On 29 May, Morris Williams
and Jim Campbell found two of the cluch had hatched and the young were
not seen. They returned on the afternoon of 31 May to find all except one
of the remaining eggs had hatched and the nest was empty. Small pieces of
the egg shells were found scattered in the water around the nest.
The third nest was located 100 yards from the second and about 20 feet
from a stand of Cattail {Typha latifolia) and open water. It measured 5 inches
in depth and 8 inches across with the cup depressed below the lip about one
inch. Its appearance was one of a used nest-of-the-season. As with the other
two, the bulrush had been bent over above the nest. All nests were constructed
almost entirely of bulrush, only the third nest located had some finer grasses
used as a liner for the cup.
Not once during the course of any of our visits did we see, or hear any
sound given by, a King Rail, though on one occasion I saw tracks so fresh in
the soft mud that water was still seeping into them.
Fred J. Alsop, III, Dept, of Zoology and Entomology, University of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville, 37916.
EARLIEST TENNESSEE RECORD OF BUFF-BREASTED SAND-
PIPER— On the morning of Sunday, 3 August 1969, the observers encounter-
ed a Buff-breasted Sandpiper {Tryngites suhruficollis) at Ashland City Marsh.
The marsh is in the Cumberland River Bottoms near Ashland City, Tennessee,
in Cheatham County. The marsh was in excellent condition for attraction of
shore birds as the conservation personnel had partially drained it about two
weeks before for the purpose of planting duck food. The vegetation was just
beginning to sprout in mudflat areas and all along the edges of the marsh, and
there was about a 20 yard strip of one inch high vegetation which merged with
a 20 yard strip of bare, exposed mud that extended to the water.
The observers approached the marsh at approximately 10:00 on a clear,
hot day with the sun behind them. They were at first engrossed in checking
[VoL. 41, 1970]
66
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
and identifying the various shore birds and did not notice the Buff-breasted
Sandpiper for about 10 minutes. At that time their attention became centered
on the bird whose head seemed similar to a Mourning Dove. The bird was
feeding with Killdeer ( 5 ) , Pectoral Sandpiper ( 1 ) , Solitary Sandpiper ( 3 ) ,
Semipalmated Sandpiper (1), and nearby Green Heron (4), Great Blue Heron
(2), and Little Blue Heron (12).
Observations were made of this bird through Tasco 10 x 40 binoculars,
Tasco 7x35 binoculars, and a Tasco 20 to 60 power spotting scope. The bird
was observed feeding near a Killdeer, but it seemed to restrict itself to
the mudflat edge farthest from the water; therefore, confining itself to the
area nearest the short duck growth, while the Killdeer fed nearer but not on
the water.
For about 45 minutes and under close scrutiny at a distance of 45 feet,
the bird’s characteristics were easily noted and compared with Peterson’s and
Robbins’ Guides. The bird had a scaley back, medium length and bill, a buff-
colored plain breast, short tail, pale legs, a white eye ring, and was observed
to be smaller than the nearby Killdeer.
One of the observers walked along the marsh edge to get nearer the sand-
piper and although it kept itself slightly ahead of the observer at a distance of
about 15 feet, it showed no real concern. The observer "drove” this tame bird
for about ^ mile down the marsh, then succeeded in passing it and drove it
back to the original starting point. At this point the observer walked up to
his car to get his camera to photograph the bird, leaving his wife looking at
the bird through the spotting scope. While the observer was getting his cam-
era, his wife observed the bird flying back and forth across the mudflat several
times and she remarked that the bird had very pale wings underneath. Before
the observer had returned with his camera, the bird had flown away.
According to H. E. Parmer, this is the earliest sighting of the Buff-breasted
Sandpiper in Tennessee.
One year later on Saturday, 8 August, 1970, the observers spotted a Buff-
breasted Sandpiper in a freshly plowed field adjacent to Bush Lake in Nash-
ville, Tennessee. It was in the company of Upland Plover (5), Pectoral Sand-
piper ( 3 ) , Killdeer ( 78 ) , Horned Lark ( 1 ) and a large flock of Rock Doves.
On the next day, 9 August, the Buff -breasted Sandpiper was sighted again,
this time in the company of Semipalmated Plover (4), Pectoral Sandpiper (2)
and Upland Plover (1). Other members of the TOS were contacted and the
following saw the bird: M. L. Bierly, Roger Harshaw, Katherine A. Good-
pasture, H. E. Parmer, Ann Tarbell.
John and Heather Riggins, 97 White Bridge Rd., Nashville 37205.
NORTHERN PHALAROPE IN WASHINGTON COUNTY— A North-
ern Phalarope {Fhalaropus lobatus) was present at Austin Springs, Boone Lake,
Washington County, Tennessee on 18 May 1969. The bird was discovered and
subsequently identified by Charles R. Smith, Pete Range, Timothy M,. Hawk
and J. Wallace Coffey.
This represents the first spring migratory record and second known occur-
rence of this species in Tennessee. John C. Ogden previously reported two birds
at Bush Farm, Davidson County on 21 October 1959 {The Migrcmt, 30:55 ).
rVor. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
67
The present observation occurred at 11:20 EST and was continued for
forty minutes. The bird was observed with 7x3 5 binoculars and 3 Ox Balscope
within a range varying from ten to fifty feet. It swam with the characteristic
phalarope action and was in close assocation with the Least Sandpiper, Semi-
palmated Sandpiper, Spotted Sandpiper, and Semipalmated Plover.
The bird was judged to be a female in definitive alternate plumage {The
Shorebirds of North America^ Gardner D. Stout, Editor, 1967, page 264). The
characteristics of this individual will be given here as recorded in the field:
"Showed black on brown with cinnamon patch joining crown patch ex-
tending down side of neck and across breast, being fainter on breast.
Cinnamon band on breast bordered above by white throat and below by
slate-gray grading into black . . . white spots at bend of wing . . . very
small white spot above eye (may be white upper eyelid). Showed definite
white wing stripe in flight. Underparts below breast band white. Breast
band edged with white. Cinnamon extending up nape to back of head . . .
black legs, bill and dark eye. White showed indistinctly in tail in flight.
Edges of tail showed alternating black and white bars as in Solitary Sand-
piper.”
J. Wallace Coffey, 508 Spruce Street, Bristol 37620.
LONG-EARED OWL IN NASHVILLE— At 09:00 on 3 January 1970,
a sunny day with temperatures in the twenties, the cries of jays brought the
writer to her front porch. Not quite four feet from the side of the porch
is a hackberry tree, the trunk and lower branches of which are covered
with ivy. On a small dead branch about fifteen feet from the ground,
where the trunk divides into two, partly shielded by the twin trunks, sat
an owl considerably larger and somewhat slimmer than a Screech Owl, with
two long, straight "ears.” From Roger Tory Peterson’s A Field Guide to
the Birds (1947), he was identified as a Long-eared Owl {Asio otus). Al-
though Peterson calls him gray, this owl appeared brownish, rather like a
log mottled with lichens, except for his rusty face.
At the suggestion of Mrs. Carol Knauth, writer of weekly "Wing
Tips” for the Nashville Banner, Dr. Katherine Goodpasture was called, and
upon arriving confirmed the identification. She then called several other
T.O.S. members, among whom Mr. Henry E. Parmer, Mrs. Anne Nichols,
Mr. Roger Harshaw, Mr. John Riggins, and Mr. Mike Beirly saw and, in
some instances, photographed the owl. He was under almost constant
observation from 09:00 until about 16:00 when he flew across the street
into the grounds of a currently unoccupied convent. He has not been
seen again.
According to Birds of the Nashville Area, compiled by Henry Parmer,
there have been only three previous sightings of the Long-eared Owl in the
vicinity of Nashville, one collected by Grover Cooke on 12 January 1923,
another by Albert Ganier on 3 February 1946, and a third brought wounded
to Mrs. Amelia Lasky on 3 January 1950, which she gave to the Children’s
Museum after it died.
Violet Jane Watkins, 1402 17th Avenue South, Nashville 37212.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
68
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
THE SEASON
Charles R. Smith, Editor
Temperatures for the months of May, June and July were about normal,
but perhaps averaging slightly on the high side. Rainfall for the first part of
the period was about normal, but for all of June and the first half of July
was deficient in rainfall, particularly in the eastern portion of the state.
All of the species reported for the Western Coastal Plains Region are ex-
ceptionally noteworthy and for some of the species reported might indicate a
probable extension of the breeding range. In future breeding seasons intensive
efforts should be made to locate breeding birds in favorable habitats.
The Song Sparrow has definitely extended its breeding range to the west-
ward in the state, as a nest was reported for the Nashville area this season.
Reports of Purple Gallinules appear more frequently than formerly and
were reported from Hiwassee River and Knoxville areas, both being in the
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region.
Traill’s Flycatchers have extended their breeding range southwestward to
lower elevations and for the first time reported to have nested in Knox
County.
Bank Swallows have nested for the second consecutive season in the gravel
pits near Austin Springs on the Watauga River prong of Boone Lake. If they
nest in this area again, it must of necessity be at a different location because
the bank in which they have nested has been leveled by sand and gravel op-
erators.
For the second consecutive summer Buffleheads (two females this season)
have remained on Wilbur Lake in the Eastern Mountain Region.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN KEGIO'H—Osprey-Siskm: Osprey: One
nest produced (3) young this season, R (JDL). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher: 16
May (1) T (DP, VTM). Vermilion Flycatcher: 12 May (1) D (JSL), Chest-
nut-sided Warbler: 4-22 June (1, male) S (DEP). Pine Siskin: 10 May (2)
R (BC), 11 May (20), and 13 May (3) D (JSL).
Locations: D — Dyersburg, R — Reelf oot, S — Savannah, T — Tiptonville.
Observers: BC — Ben B. Coffeyjr., JDL — John DeLime, JSL — Mrs. John S.
Lamb, VTM — V. T. Martin, DEP — David Patterson, DP — David Pitts.
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
69
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN AREA — Loons-Ducks: Common
Loon: 24 May (1) ACM (MLB). Great Blue Heron: 18, 2 5 July (1) ACM
(J,HR)'L Green Heron: abundant during period WB (FB). Little Blue
Heron: 29 June (1) WR (LR, KHD), 18 July (4) ACM (J,HR). Cat-
tle Egret: 12 May (1) Kingston Springs (RF), second NA record. Black-
crowned Night Heron: 21 May (5) BL (HEP, HS), 23 May to 4 July (20+)
BV (J,HR). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 3 June thru period (2-5) BV
(J,HR) 11 to 19 July (1-3) WB (FB). Least Bittern: 21 May (2) LD
(RTH). Canada Goose: two seen at nest in June PPL (JP)'L Gadwall: late,
3 May (1) LD (RTH). Blue-winged Teal: last, 23 May (1) BV (J,HR),
then early, 15 July (5) on river NA (J,HR). Wood Duck: 23 May (41), 6
June (17), (14) being immatures ACM (MLB, J,HR), 15 July (12) RL
(MCW). Hooded Merganser: late, 7 May (1) LD (RTH).
Vultures-Owls: Turkey Vulture: 2 5 May (31) RR, WB (MCW). Cooper’s
Hawk: 21, 26 June (1) LD (RTH)’L Broad-winged Hawk: a few reports
from LD, WB, NA. Marsh Hawk: unusual was (1) H BT 4 July (RH).
Osprey: 17 May (1) ACM (JDV)’^ American Coot: last NA was 23 May
(3) BV (J,HR) and (1) ACM (MLB). Semipalmated Plover: 17 May (1)
ACM (JNR). Killdeer: 4 July (23) BV (J,HR) was the beginning of the
usual late summer movement in NA. Spotted Sandpiper: last were 16 May (3)
LD (RTH), 17, 19 May (1) WB (FB), 23 May (1) BL (J,HR). Then 4
July (1) ACM (MLB), 6 days earliest fall record NA. Solitary Sandpiper:
also very early, 4 July (1) ACM (J,HR) Lesser Yellowlegs: 18 July (1)
ACM (J,HR). Pectoral Sandpiper: 18 July (5) ACM (J,HR)’^ Least Sand-
piper: 17 May (3) ACM,) ’L Semipalmated Sandpiper: 3 June (21) (J,HR),
4 June (18) (JNR) BV, one day latest ever NA. Least Tern: 3 June (1)
BV (J,HR, MLB, HEP), third NA record. Great Horned Owl: 18 May (1)
LD (RTH), 20 May (1) BT (RH)’^ Barred Owl: 5 May (2), 11 May (2
with 1 young) LD (RTH), all period (4) H BT (RH).
Goats'wckers-Shrikes: Whip-poor-will: (1-7) H BT (RH) all period. Com-
mon Nighthawk: 26 July (1) BT (RH), only observation there for period!
Red-cockaded Woodpecker: 8 May (1) Catoosa (KHD)’L Eastern Kingbird:
18 July (1) WB (M.CW), continued fairly common NA. Acadian Flycatcher:
22 June (2) feeding young in nest LD (RTH). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 29
May (1) injured bird caught FV (MD, AC), died 2 days later H (ARL).
Horned Lark: (1-5) period LD (RTH)’^ Cliff Swallows: normal nestings
RR, NA, and ACM. House Wren: (3) nesting pairs near H KAG’^ Wood
Thrush: 29 May incubating FV (JOE). Swainson’s Thrush: (1-3) H until 21
May BT (RH), last NA 25 May (1) H (SB). Gray-cheeked Thrush: 19 May
(1) H (AT)'^ Veery: 6 May (1) H SB’L Loggerhead Shrike: none during
period BT (RH).
Warblers: Golden- winged: very late, 24 May (2) Dunlap (LR, fide
KHD). Tennessee: last report, 14 May (1) H (AT). Orange-crowned: 3
May (1) (MLB)’L Yellow: 25 May (25) RR, WB (MCW). Magnolia: last,
11 May (1) H (AT). Myrtle: late, 2 May (6) H (AT). Black-throated
Green: 12 July (6) PSP (RH)’^ Blackburnian: 16 June active nest found
FCF by Mark Wagner. Bay-breasted: 11 May (1) H (AT)’^ Blackpoll: last,
12 May (3) H (AT). Pine: 12 June (1) PSP (RH). Ovenbird: 6-15 May
[VoL. 41, 1970]
70
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
(1) LD (RTH), 12 July (common) PSP (RH). Kentucky: 17 May nest
(2 eggs, plus 3 Cowbird eggs), 22 May (1 Kentucky and 2 Cowbird young)
FV (JOE). Yellowthroat: (20-43) on trips thru period WB (MCW). Yellow-
breasted Chat: 2 5 May (18) RR, WB (MCW). Canada: last, 14 May (1)
RL (AT).
Boholinks-Sparrows: Bobolink: 1 June (1) Jasper (KHD). Orchard Oriole:
2 5 May (17) RR, WB (MCW), 2 5 July first year male feeding (3) imma-
tures RR, NA (J,HR). Baltimore Oriole: 6 June adults feeding young H
(AT), 21 June same (J,HR). Rose-breasted Grosbeak: either scarce or left
early, 1 May (1) Rickmon (RTH) 2 May (1) H (AT)'^ Blue Grosbeak: in
good numbers over area as last year. Indigo Bunting: 2 5 May (61) RR, WB
(MCW). Dickcissel: 1 June (12) TC (KHD), 26 June (2) BLV (MLB), 8
July (1) WB (FB) ''^ Evening Grosbeak: 12 May (1) H BT (RH)'^ Pine
Siskin: 5 May (1) H (GBW)'L Grasshopper Sparrow: 1 June (9) TC
(KHD), 8-15 July (2) H BT (RH)'L Slate-colored Junco: 11 May (2) H
(AT)'^ White-crowned Sparrow: last, 6 May (1) H (MLB). White-throated
Sparrow: 2 June (1) H (RE), heard by (KAG, MLB). Song Sparrow: (2)
pair H BT thru period (RH), 1 June (2) Viola (KHD), 9 June (6) Jasper
(KHD), 19 June first NA nest found near H (LJ).
Note: the asterisk ("') is used to denote that these records are the only
ones received for a species by the writer.
Locations: ACM — Ashland City Marsh area, BL — Bush Lake, BLV — Belle-
vue area, BT — Byrdstown, BV — Buena Vista Marsh, FCF — Falls Creek Falls
Park, FV — Fernvale, H — home area, LD — Lilydale, NA — Nashville Area, PPL,
Percy Priest Lake, PSP — Pickett State Park, RL — Radnor Lake, RR — River
Road, TC — Tracy City, WB — Woodbury, WR — Woods Reservoir.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, FB — Frances Bryson, AQ —
Annella Creech, MD — Milbrey Dugger, KHD — Kenneth H. Dubke, RE — Roy
Elliott, JOE — John O. Ellis, RF — ^Rachel Farris, KAG — Katherine A. Good-
pasture, RH — Robbie Hassler, RTH — Roy T. Hinds, LJ — Louise Jackson, ARL
— Amelia R. Laskey, HEP — Henry E. Parmer, JP — Jimmy Parrish, LR — ^Lil
Richards, J,HR — John N. and Heather Riggins, HS — Hugh Savage, AT —
Ann Tarbell, JDV— J. D. Vaudrey, MCW— Mary C. Wood, GBW— George
B. Woodring.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY REGION — Loons-Mergansers: 14
May (1) BD (TF). Pied-billed Grebe: 5 May (1) HRA (KD). Little Blue
Heron: 30 June (3) HRA (KD), 3 July (3) CC (JMC, JCH), 20 July (1)
AS (LRH, PH, CRS). Common Egret: 30 June and through period (1 to 28)
HRA (KD), 3 July (1) CC (JMC, JCH). Black-crowned Night Heron:
through period (1 to 4) K (FA, JMC). Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 5 July
(1) AM (KD), 10 July (1) MB (KD). Least Bittern: through period (1 to
5, no nests found) AM (KD), 28 May (nest, abandoned, remains of 3-4 eggs)
BC (FA, MW). American Bittern: 6 May (1) DA (LS), 17 May (1) AM
(KD). Black Duck: 13 May (2) K (JMC). Lesser Scaup: 19 May (2) C
(KD). Red-breasted Merganser: 3 May (3) K (FA, JA, JMC, JS, LOS, MW),
19 May (1) CL (KD).
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
71
Hawks-Sand pipers: Sharp-shinned Hawk: 27 June (nest, both adults, 3
young) CC — ^Cross Mountain (JMC, JCH). Red-tailed Hawk; 19 May (1
young in nest) EB (KD). Red-shouldered Hawk: one nest DA (date and
success not known) (LS), 7 June (1) CC (JCH, FO), 21 June (1) CC
(JMC, JCH). Osprey: 3 unsuccessful nests (2 on WBL and 1 on CL) (KD).
King Rail: 26 May (1 adult, nest with 7 eggs and 1 newly hatched chick)
K (FA, MW), 27 May (1) K, different location (FA), 28 May (3 nests, one
with 12 eggs and other two empty) BC (FA, MW). Sora Rail: 3 May (1)
K (JMC), 6 May (1) K (JMC), 6 May (1) AM (KD), 11 May (1) K
(FA). Purple Gallinule: 12 May (1) HRA (KD), 26 May (1) K (FA, MW).
American Coot: last, 16 May (1) K (FA, JMC, MW). Woodcock: 3, 19 May,
10 June (1) (1 and 2) K (FA, MW). Common Snipe: unusually late spring
record 20 May (1) K (FA). Spotted Sandpiper: 28 June (2) AS (PR, CRS),
28 June (1) K (JTT) either very late spring, very early fall, or territorial ?
Solitary Sandpiper: last spring, 12 May (1) K (JMC), earliest fall, 20 July
(1) AS (LRH, PH, CRS). Greater Yellowlegs: earliest fall, 27 July (1) HRA
(KD). Lesser Yellowlegs: latest spring, 7 May (1) JC (PR), earliest fall, 27
July (3) HRA (KD). Pectoral Sandpiper: latest spring, 16 May (1) K (FA,
JMC, MW), earliest fall, 11 July (2) SB (KD). Least Sandpiper: latest spring,
27 May (1) K (FA). Dowitcher (species undetermined); 6 May (11) AM
(KD). Semipalmated Sandpiper: latest spring, 1 June (1) AM (KD). Western
Sandpiper: 21 May (1) Col (ML).
Terns-Veery: Black Tern: 19 May (3) OW (KD), 28 July (2) HRA
(KD). Barn Owl: occasionally through period (1) AM (KD), 17 May (1)
JC (CRS). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: unusually late spring, 2 May (1) K
(FA, JMC). Traill’s Flycatcher: 7 May (1) Ki (TF), 29, 31 May (2) BC
(JMC, MW), 5 June (1) BC (FA), 18 June (2 adults, nest with 4 eggs)
first Knox County nest reported (FA, JTT), 24 June (1) BC (JMC, JCH),
21 and 28 June, 20 July (1) AS (CRS), 22 June (3) HRA (KD, LS, MWa),
28 and 29 June, 1 and 10 July (1) MB (KD). Least Flycatcher: 7 and 21
June (1) CC (JCH). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 6 May (1) K (BL). Tree
Swallow: 29 July (2) SB (KD). Bank Swallow: 21 June (2) AS (CRS), 28
June 8 — possibly 4 nesting pairs) AS (CRS), 29 July (2) SB (KD). Cliff
Swallow: 16 May (14 active nests, first Knox County nest reported) K (FA,
JMC, MW), 23 May (2 active nests) BC (JTT), during June (214 active
nests) CC (GW). House Wren: 28, 29 May, 1, 2 June (1) C (KD). Bewick’s
Wren: 5 May (1) HRA (KD), 11 June (1) SP (LS). Veery: 2 May (1) K
(JMC), 6 May (1) K (BL).
Vireos -Sparrows: Philadelphia Vireo: 9 May (1) K (JMC). Warbling
Vireo: 3 May through period (2, no nest found) K (JMC), 20 and 28 May
(1) Ki (TF). Swainson’s Warbler: 31 May and 11 June (1) CC (JCH), 21
June (1) CC (JMC, JCH), all three observations apparently were the same
bird. Brewster’s Warbler; 2 May (1) K (FA, JMC). Northern Waterthrush:
1 May (1) Ki (TF), 4 May (1) K (BL). Baltimore Oriole: 21 June (1) CC
(JMC, JCH). Dickcissel: 12 May and 8 June (1) HRA (KD). Pine Siskin:
last 9 May (3) K (JMC). Red Crossbill: 2 and 3 May (17 and 10) K (FA,
JMC), 4 May (1) Ki (TF). Grasshopper Sparrow: found in 3 Chattanooga
areas (KD, LS) and in two Knoxville areas (FA, JMC, MW). Many areas
noticed absence or reduced numbers.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
72
THE MIGRANT
SEPTEMBER
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, AS — Austin Springs, BC — Blount Coun-
ty, BD — Boone Dam, CC — Campbell County, C — Chattanooga, CL — Chicka-
mauga Lake, Col — Collegedale, DA — Daus, EB — Eaves Bluff, GC — Grainger
County, HRA — Hiwassee River Area, JC — Johnson City, K — Knoxville, Ki —
Kingsport, MB — Moccasin Bend, OW — Old Washington, SB — Savannah Bay,
SP — South Pittsburgh, WBL — Watts Bar Lake.
Observers: FA — Fred Alsop III, JA- — Jean (Mrs. Fred) Alsop, JMC —
James M. Campbell, KD — Kenneth Dubke, TF — -Tom Finucane, JCH — Joseph
C. Howell, LRH- — Lee R. Herndon, PH — Patrick Helton, BL — -Beth Lacy,
ML — Mike Lilly, FO — Frances (Mrs. Earl) Olson, PR — Peter Range, CRS —
Charles R. Smith, LS — Lee Shafer, JS — Johneta (Mrs. Louis ) Smith, LoS —
Louis Smith, JTT — James T. Tanner, GW — -Gary Wallace, MW — Morris Wil-
liams, MWa — Mark Wagner.
James M. Campbell, 1 5 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN KLGlOiN— Herons -Fly catcher: Little Blue Her-
on: 26 July (12) RC (PR) . Bufflehead: throughout May, June, July (2) WiL
(GE et al) . Osprey: 26 July (1) WaL (PR) . American Coot: 28 July (1)
WiL (MS) . Semipalmated Plover: 26 July (3 ) RC (PR) . American Wood-
cock: 1 8 June (1 ) WaR (GE) . Spotted Sandpiper: 26 July (5) RC (PR) .
Solitary Sandpiper: 26 July (2) RC (PR) . Traill’s Flycatcher: 21 June (3 )
RM (TWF, CRS), 25 June (2) RM (GE, CRS).
Raven-Crossbill: Common Raven: throughout June (1-3 ) RM (FWB,
GE) . Gray-cheeked Thrush: only report, 12 May (1 ) HC (MS) . Yellow-
throated Vireo: last 4 May (1 ) EGC (LRH) . Golden-winged Warbler:
throughout June, July (4-6) HM (PR) . Yellow-throated Warbler: 21 June
(1) RM (TWF, CRS) , 25 June (2, nesting) DLG (CRS) . Pine Siskin: 9
May (75 ) RM (CRS) , 16 May (12) RM (FWB) . Red Crossbill: 30 May-
21 June (3-17) RM (FWB, GE) . White-winged Crossbill: 25 May (40) RM
(FWB).
Locations: DLG — Devil’s Looking Glass, Unicoi Co., EGC — Elizabethton
Golf Course, HC — Heaton Creek, HM — Holston Mountain, Camp Tom How-
ard, RC — Roan Creek area of Watauga Lake, RM — Roan Mountain, WaL —
Watauga Lake, WaR — Watauga River, WiL — Wilber Lake.
Observers: FWB — Fred W. Behrend, GE — Glen Eller, TWF — Thomas W.
Finucane, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, PR — Pete Range, CRS — Charles R. Smith,
MS — Maxie Swindell.
Brent Rowell, 2227 Edgemont Avenue, Bristol 37620.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
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NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
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front cover.
CONTENTS
A Census of a Breeding Bird Population in a Virgin Spruce Fir For-
est ON Mt. Guyot, Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Fred J. Alsop, III 49
A 1969 Spot- Count of Summer Birds of Shelby County
Ben B. Coffey, Jr 56
Round Table Notes
Heronry at Dyersburg is No Longer Active. Kenneth Leggett 58
Little Blue Herons in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Fred J. Alsop, 111 58
Least Bittern Nesting in Blount County. Morris D. Williams 59
Mute Swan in Sullivan County. /. Wallace Coffey 59
Barnacle Goose at Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge.
Gary N. Burke 60
Dark-phased Rough-legged Hawk in Coffee County.
Kev. William Center 62
Merlin (Pigeon Hawk) in Lebanon. Rev. William Center 62
King Rail in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Fred J. Alsop, III 63
King Rails in Knox County. Fred J. Alsop, III 64
King Rails in Blount County. Fred J. Alsop, 111 65
Earliest Tennessee Record of Buff -breasted Sandpiper.
John and Heather Riggins 65
Northern Phalarope in Washington County. /. Wallace Coffey 66
Long-eared Owl in Nashville. Violet Jane Watkins 67
The Season. Edited by Charles R, Smith 68
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E. Patterson 68
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E. Parmer 69
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 70
Eastern Mountain Region. Brent Rowell 72
MEMBERSHIP LIST
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
December, 1970
OFFICERS FOR 1969-1971
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD, JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 3 8401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Taliwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. ELLIS
4004 Overbrook Drive, Nashville, Tenn.’ 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN. MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
239 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE :
EAST TENN MISS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37917
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3409 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 3 8024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 3 8401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
3 302 Navajo Drive, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37411
THE MIGRANT EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CHARLES R. SMITH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
"STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4922 Sarasota Dr., Hixon, Tenn. 37343
FOUNDERS
Ganler, Mr. Albert F. , 2112 Woodlawn Dr., Nashville, TN 37212--- 1915
Merritt, Mr. Dixon, Route 6, Lebanon, TN 37087 1915
LIFE MEMBERS
Brecher, Mr. Leonard C. , I9OO Spring Dr., Louisville, KY 40205 1938
Castles, Miss Ruth, Green Hills Apt. 7~2, Abbott Martin Rd.,
Nashville , TN 37215 ----1952
Coffey, Mr. Ben B., 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38IO7 1927
Coffey, Mrs. Ben B,, 672 N. Belvedere, Memphis, TN 38IO7 1931
Counce , Dr. Cynthia C., 305 E. Main St., Princeton, KY 42445 1931
Dubke , Mr. Kenneth H. , 720 Bacon Trail, Apt. 1,
Chattanooga, TN 37412 1957
Dubke, Mrs. Kenneth H. , 720 Bacon Trail, Apt. 1,
Chattanooga, TN 37^12- 1970
Farrar, Mrs. R. Lynn, 129 4th Ave . , N. , Franklin, TN 37064 I958
Flnucane , Mr. T. W. , 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37664 19^5
Goodpasture, Mr, Henry, Old Town, Franklin, TN 37064 --I966
Goodpasture, Mrs. Henry, Old Town, Franklin, TN 370 64 1966
Gray, Dr. Dan R. , I5IO Hatcher Lane, Columbia, TN 38401 1962
Herndon, Dr. Lee R. , Route 6, Ellzabethton , TN 37643 1943
Laskey, Mrs. Amelia R. , 1521 Graybar Lane, Nashville, TN 37215 1928
Mayfield, Mrs. George R. , Sr., 24l4 Vanderbilt Place,
Nashville, TN 37212--- „__1916
Morrell, Miss Ellse, I63I Laurel Ave., Apt. 4ll ,
Knoxville, TN 379I6 1939
Mudge, Mr. E. W., Jr., 3^1^ Republic Bank Tower, Dallas, TX 752OI--I967
Pardue , Mr. Paul S., 305 Heritage Dr., East, Village Green,
Concord, TN 3772O 1953
Pettlngill, Dr. Olln Sewall , Jr., Laboratory of Ornithology,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 1939
Robbins, Mr. Chandler, S. , l409 Brooklyn Bridge Road,
Laurel, MD 20810 1955
Schrelber, Mr. Dan, 68I5 N. 32 Drive, Phoenix, AZ 85OI7 I96O
Tanner, Dr. James T., RFD #10, Knoxville, TN 3792O 1940
Warden, Miss Margaret L. , I8O6 E. Belmont Clr. , Nashville, TN 37212-1926
West, Mrs. Eugene M. , 122 American Blvd . , Rossville , GA 30741 1948
Wetmore , Dr. Alexander, U.S. National Museum, Washington, DC 2056O — 1937
Whittemore, Dr. Wendel, I76 Cherry Rd., Memphis, TN 38II7-- 1935
Wood, Miss Mary, P. 0. Box B, Woodbury, TN 37190 1963
Woodring, Mr, George B. , Route 1, Brentwood, TN 37027 1927
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
Bryan, Mr. & Mrs. William J. , 415 Lynwood Blvd.,
Nashville, TN 37205 1967
Carter, Mrs. C, F, , 2506 Blair Blvd., Nashville, TN 37212-- 1964
Crownover, Mrs. Hugh, 6II6 Vance Rd . , Chattanooga, TN 37^21 1959
Davant, Miss Mary, 86I N. McLean Blvd., Memphis, TN 38307-- 1929
Elam, Mr. W, Harry, Boren St., Springfield, TN 37172--- 1962
Hall, Dr. George A., Dept, of Chemistry, W. Virginia University,
Morgantown, WV 26506 1962
Hayes, Mrs. Mitchell, Charlotte Highway, Dickson, TN 38III- 1963
King, Mr. Edward M. , 595 Shotwell , Memphis, TN 38III 1950
Martin, Mr. William T. , Jr., Belt Rd . , RFD 3, Knoxville, TN 37920--1965
Mayfield, Dr. & Mrs. George R. , Jr., Maury County Hospital,
Columbia, TN 38401 I96I
Michals, Dr. & Mrs. Herbert J., 4241 S. Wilcox Dr.,
Kingsport, TN 3766O 1966
Norman, Miss Mabel, 1001 E. Third St., Harriet Pearson Hall,
Chattanooga, TN 37403 195^
Prichard, Mr. Mack, Dept, of Conservation, 2611 West End Ave.,
Nashville, TN 37203 1967
Taylor, Mr. Joseph Wm. , 20 Parish Rd., Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 1959
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
Walker, Mrs. Wm. M. , Jr., 320 S.W. I2th St., Gainesville, EL 326OI--I935
Waller, Mr. William, 1200 American Trust Bldg.,
Nashville, TN 372OI 1966
Watkins, Miss Violet Jane, l402 17th Ave . S., Nashville, TN 37212---I955
White, Mrs. William D. , 12 Jones Circle, Old Hickory, TN 37138 1959
Woodring, Mrs. George B. , Route 1, Brentwood, TN 37027 I96I
Yeatman, Dr. Harry C., University of the South, Sewanee , TN 37375 1934
Zaengleln, Mr. Ralph J., 1121 W. Broadway, Maryville, TN 378OI 1955
ACTIVE MEMBERS
Abernathy, Mr. & Mrs. B. H. , 63I6 Bresslyn Rd . , Nashville, TN 37205-1934
Abernathy, Mrs. Lucian M. , IIO6 Gale Lane, Nashville, TN 37204 I966
Acuff, Mr. & Mrs. Howard, 36IO Sperry Rd . , Nashville, TN 37215 1970
Adams, Dr. & Mrs. M. J., I5OO Falrldge Dr., Kingsport, TN 37664 1951
Adams, Mr. & Mrs. Paul, Box 3175. Crab Orchard, TN 37723 1924
Albert, Mr. & Mrs. G. E. , 3228 Bunker Hill Dr., Knoxville, TN 3792O-I949
Alford, Mr. & Mrs. William, 4410 Forsythe Place,
Nashville, TN 37205 1970
Alsop, Mr. Fred, Jr., Apt. 147 Tallwa Court, Chapman Highway,
Knoxville, TN 37920 1967
Anderson, Mrs. Catherine M. , 3I Agate Rd . , E. Brunswick, NJ 08816--1954
Anderson, Mr. & Mrs. Clyde D. , 1214 McGavock Pike,
Nashville, TN 37216 1963
Arnett, Mrs. Ann Canfield, A-3 Forrest Hills Apt.,
Nashville, TN 37212 1963
Arnold, Mr. C. B. , 2322 E. Main St., Murfreesboro, TN 37I3O I970
Arnold, Mrs. Guy, 531 Lawrence Ave., Bristol, VA 24201 1965
Asllnger, Mr. Arnold, Box 394, Dayton, TN 37321 1969
Ault, Mrs. 0. C., 670 N. Forest, Webster Groves, MO 63II9 1952
Austin, Mr. & Mrs. James M. , 5115 Green Valley Rd . ,
Knoxville, TN 37914 1969
Backer, Mr. Jess L. , Rt . 4, Winchester Rd . , Lexington, KY 40505 1965
Bain, Mrs. R. L., 306 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon, TN 37O87 I968
Ball, Mr. Robert E. , I689 Meadow Lane S.E., N. Canton, OH 44709 1938
Banner, Mr. Joshua Martin, 1?1? Pawnee Rd., Knoxville, TN 37919 1969
Barclay, Mrs. Howard E. , 112 Gorgas Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1950
Barker, Mr. & Mrs. George, 808 Templeton Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 I966
Barnwell, Mr. & Mrs. J. R. , 3308 Navajo Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37411--1954
Barton, Mrs. R. 0., 4801 Alabama Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37409 I96I
Basham, Mr. Benton, P. 0. Box 6, Dunlap, TN 37327 1960
Baskette , Miss Ruth Prentice, 804 Crescent Rd . , Nashville, TN 37205-1955
Bayer, Mrs. Bruce, 5OO Hlllwood Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 1959
Beard, Mrs. Helen, Rt. 6, Lawrenceburg , TN 38464 1970
Becker, Mr. & Mrs. Michael, 221 S. Greer, Memphis, TN 38III 1970
Behrend , Mr. & Mrs. Fred W., 607 Range St., Ellzabe thton , TN 37643--1944
Bell, Mr. & Mrs. William F. , Jr., 6620 Bresslyn Rd . ,
Nashville, TN 37205 1965
Bell, Mr. & Mrs. William F. , Sr., I6I7 Harding Place,
Nashville , TN 37215 1949
Benson, Mrs. Maxwell, 314 Walnut Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 i960
Benton, Mrs. John K. , 205 Walnut Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 1959
Blerly, Mr. Mike, 3826 Bedford Ave., Nashville, TN 37215 1963
Blgham, Mr. John T. , 4171 Kenosha Rd., Memphis, TN 38II8 I95I
Bingham, Mr. & Mrs. Rockwell, Melody Lane, RFD 5. Bristol, TN 37622-1960
Blnns, Mrs. Douglas W., 4l8 Sunnyslde Dr., Nashville, TN 37205 I966
Blackburn, Dr. & Mrs. W. H. , Route 2, Camden, TN 3832O 1966
Bllzard, Mrs. Barbara R. , 6OO Schenley Rd . , Knoxville, TN 37919 1970
Bloodworth, Mrs. Frank, Route 4, Lebanon, TN 37087 1969
Boggs, Mr. & Mrs. John C., 483 Brentlawn Rd . , Nashville, TN 37220 I968
Bouton, Mrs. George, 316 W. Main St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1952
Boyd, Mr. Haywood, Apt. K-4, 3700 Sutherland Ave.,
Knoxville, TN 37919 1970
Boyd, Woody, 205 Lavlnder Lane, Bristol, TN 37622 1970
Boyers, Mrs. Thomas, IO7O Spencer St., Gallatin, TN 37066 1952
Bradford, Mrs. Mark, Jr., Royal Oaks Apt., Nashville, TN 37205--- 1957
Brlchetto, Miss Theressa, 104 Efficiency Apt. A-1 , 82 E. Tenn. Ave.,
Oak Ridge, TN 3783O 1959
Brldgforth, Mr. W. A. Jr., IO89 Eastmoreland Ave,, Memphis, TN
38104 1966
Brooking, Mrs. H. C., St. John Ave., Dyershurg , TN 38024-- -I966
Brown, Mrs. Thomas G. , 520 Indian Lake Rd,, Hendersonville, TN
37075 1968
Brown, Miss Winnlfred E. , 7OO Longview Rd., N. W. , Apt, J. ,
Knoxville, TN 37919 1969
Browning, Mr. & Mrs. J. C,, 324 Carter Blvd., Ellzahethton , TN
37643 -1944
Bryson, Mrs, Hoyte , Woodbury, TN 37190 1965
Buchanan, Mr. Denny, 722 Sampson, Dyersburg, TN 38024 1969
Bullard, Mr. & Mrs. Ralph, Jr., Box 9I » Rt 4,
Mechanicsville , VA 23III — — I96O
Bunting , Mr . & Mrs . Kenneth, 3409 Love Circle , Nashville , TN 37212 — 1965
Burchett, Mrs. Glenn, Rt 5» Lebanon, TN 37087 1969
Burke, Gary N. , Box 849, Paris, TN 38242- 1970
Burleson, Miss Elizabeth, IO7 Hope Rd,, Greenevllle , TN 377^3 1970
Butts, Dr. Wilbur K. , I317 Sharon Circle, Chattanooga, TN 37405 1954
Caldwell, Mr. & Mrs. Nat, Pilot Knob House, Rt 3, Gallatin, TN
37066 1969
Campbell, Mr. & Mrs. James M. , I5 Hedgewood Dr,, Knoxville, TN
379I8 1962
Campbell, Miss Martha, Rt #4, Lebanon, TN 37087 1950
Campbell, Miss Margaret, Rt #4, Lebanon, TN 37087 1956
Cantwell, Judge & Mrs. J. L. , 1724 Red Bud Lane, Bristol, TN 24201-1960
Caraway, Mr. Wilford, Dayton, TN 37321 1969
Carney, Mr. Frederick T. , 2121 8th Ave . N. , Birmingham , AL 35203 193^
Carpenter, Mrs. Ed L. , 239 North Avenue, Henderson, TN 38340 i960
Carpenter, Mr. Floyd S. , 2402 Longest Ave., Louisville, KY 40204 1935
Carter, Mr. Hank, l45 Cumberland View Dr., Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1969
Carver, Mr. & Mrs. Eugene, 306 Park St., Bristol, VA 24201 — I968, — 1959
Chambers, Mrs. Louis, 133 Public Square, Lebanon, TN 37O87 I967
Cheney, Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey, P.O. Box I30 , Collegedale, TN 37315 --1970
Christman, Mr. & Mrs, Luther, 6OI3 Andover Drive,
Nashville, TN 37215 ——1970
Clark, Miss Beulah, Rt #4, Cookeville, TN 385OI -—1958
Clark, Mr. Elbert, 18 Edgewood Circle, Fort Oglethorpe ,GA 3074I-- -1970
Clark , Mrs. Portia Ward , 3403 Benham Ave . , Nashville , TN 37215 1962
Clayton, Mr. & Mrs. Lloyd, 6 Breeze St,, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 --1969
Clemens, Mrs. Willis, 101 Indian Hill, Greenevllle, TN 37743— 1947
Clinard, Dr, & Mrs. Turner N. , Box FFF, Emory, VA 24327 --1958
Clyde, Mr. E. C., Jr., Effingham, SC 29541 — 1956
Cocke, Mrs. R. E. , 1945 Abingdon Hwy. , Bristol, VA 24201 1958
Coffey, Mr. & Mrs. Wallace, 5O8 Spruce St., Bristol, TN 24201 --1959
Cole, Miss Evelyn, Box 635 1 Murray State University,
Murray, KY 42072 I96O
Collier, Mr. Donald, Utah Co-op Wildlife Research Unit,
Logan, UT 84321 ____1968
Collins, Mrs. W. Ovid, Jr., 432 Royal Oaks Dr., Nashville, TN 37205-1952
Conder, Mr, John, II3 Beech Ave., Camden, TN 3832O 1959
Connell, Mr. W. B. , 4207 Gallatin Rd. , Nashville , TN 37216 1970
Copes , Mr , Larry , Dept , of Mathematics , Syracuse University,
Syracuse, NY I32IO 1963
Cornelius , Mrs . Charles L, Sr, , 6434 S. Prince St,, Littleton, CO
80120 — 1952
Couch, Mr. & Mrs. Clay, Sr. , Rt #2, Rome Pike, Lebanon, TN 37O87— 1959
Couch, Miss Jane, Rt #2, Rome Pike, Lebanon, TN 37087 1959
C ounce , Mr, Howard A. , 1469 Whiting St . , Memphis , TN 38117 1937
Cox, Mr. & Mrs. Buford H. , 4004 Brookhaven Dr.,
Nashville, TN 37204 — 1966
Cox, Mrs. Robert, 620 W. Main St,, Lebanon , TN 37087 1950
Crawford, Mrs. Jessie A,, Rt J, Lebanon, TN 37087 1970
Crawford, Mr. & Mrs. Paul, Rt 4, Gallatin, TN 37066 1967
Creech, Miss Annella, I5OO Woodmont Blvd., Nashville, TN 37215 1958
Cress, Mrs. Harold, 3826 Maupln Dr., Knoxville , TN 379I8 I966
Crockett, Mr. & Mrs. Watkins, Jr., 4315 Glen Eden Dr.,
Nashville, TN 37205 — I96I
Croft , Mr . Joseph , 2366 Gladstone Ave . , Louisville, KY 40205 1956
Crosswell, Mr. & Mrs. W. L, , Country Club Drive,
Hendersonville, TN 37075- — — ---- 1969
Crouch, Mr, BrocTomy, Seymour , TN 37865 1923
Crutchfield, Mrs. J. R. , I507 Maymont Blvd. ,
Murfreesboro, TN 37130----- 1970
Gumming, Dr. & Mrs, D, J. , 520 Ponce De Leon Place,
Decatur, GA 3OO3O- 1949, 1945
Cumming , Mr. Fairman , Box 2265 » U . of Georgia , Athens , GA 306OI 1970
Cummins , Dr, & Mrs . J . 0., 324 Cherry , Cookeville , TN 38501 I96I
Cunningham, Mrs . James C. , 6O8 Iris Dr. , Tullahoma , TN 37388 I968
Cypert , Mr. & Mrs . Eugene , IOO6 Darling Ave . , Waycross , GA 315OI 1945
Darlington , Dr. Julian T. , 3H2 Glent Innan Rd, , Memphis , TN 38128 — 1965
Dard en , Mr. W . G. , Hohenwald , TN 38462-- 1966
Darnell , Mr. & Mrs. C, B. , Rt #4, Greeneville, TN 37743 1954
Davey , Mr. & Mrs. George M. , 372O Cochise Dr, , Knoxville , TN 37918 — I969
Davidson , Mr, Edward, Rt 7 , Elizabetht on , TN 37643- 1957
Davis , Mr . & Mrs , J ohnny C . , Rt 1 , J ohnson City , TN 37601 1969
Daywltt , Mr, & Mrs . H. H. , 203 Oak Lane , Johnson City , TN 37603 I962
Deal , Mr. Tommy, 619 Gibson Dr., Madison, TN 37II5- 1966
DeBrohun , Mrs. Leon , 137 3rd Ave , N. , Franklin , TN 37064 1951
Delantonas , Mr. & Mrs. Gerry , Rt 1 , Abingdon , VA 24210 1968
Dempster, Miss Jessie , Rt 3, Ginn Ed., Knoxville , TN 37920 1955
Denney , Mr. Dan, Jr . , 111 Oak Hill Circle , Lebanon , TN 37O87 I969
Denton , Dr. Fred J . , 529 Henderson Dr. , Augusta , GA 30904 1950
Deupree , Mrs . William M, , I730 Glenwood Place , Memphis , TN 38104 1957
Deutsch, Dr. Richard , 20 N. Larchmont , Memphis , TN 38111 I96O
Devore , Mr. J on , 4822 Sarasota Dr . , Hixson , TN 37343 1966
Dickey, Mrs . Ernest , 801 Prospect Ave . , Bristol , VA 37622 1950
Dillenbeck , Mrs . Harold L, , l4l0 Strawberry Lane ,
J ohnson City , TN 376OI-' — ---■ 1964
Dillon , Mr. S . Tenlson, Box 194, Dundee , IL 6OII8- 1963
Dlnkelsplel, Mr, & Mrs . Henry, 6519 Massey Lane , Memphis , TN 38117--1957
Doak , Miss Ruby , 604 Holston Dr., Gatl inburg , TN 37738- 1957
Dobbs , Mrs . Ruby , 6OO3 Deal Ave . , Nashville , TN 37209 1968
Douglas , Mrs. Byrd , Abbott Martin Rd. , D-2 ,
Nashville , TN 37215 1959
Dove , Mrs. George , 1801 Seminole Dr, , Johnson City , TN 376OI I966
Dozier , Mr. & Mrs, J. I., 922 Lynnwood Blvd . , Nashville , TN 37205--I969
Dowdy , Mr. & Mrs . Quentin , 363O Sharpe Ave . , Memphis , TN 38III 1966
Draughon , Miss Dorothy , I7O8 Cedar Lane , Nashville , TN 37212 I968
Duchein, Miss Annette , Box 431 , Spartanburg , SC 29301 I96I
Dugger , Mrs . Milbrey , I5OO Woodmont Blvd. , Nashville , TN 37215 1958
Duke , Mr , & Mrs . R. D. , Rt 3, Cloverdale Dr. , Brentwood , TN 37027 — 1970
Dulemba , Mr . & Mrs . Henry S. , #39 Belmeade Apt s , , 3725 Fountain Ave . ,
Chattanooga , TN 37412----------- — 1970
Duncan , Mrs . Minnie , 512 Michigan Ave., Oak Ridge , TN 3783O I966
Durrett , Mrs . Dora , 30 Tunnel Dr. , Mountview Apt . #202 ,
Chattanooga , TN 3741I---------- — 1964
Eastes, Mrs. Alyne , P. 0. Box 393, Lebanon, TN 37087' 1968
Edward s , Mr. & Mrs . May J. , 5^25 Lynnette Dr. , Knoxville , TN 37918 — 1968
Elam, Mr. & Mrs. Nelson, Rt #4, Franklin, TN 37064 1967
Eller, Mr. Glen, Rt 3, Ellzabethton , TN 37643 I97O
Elliott , Mr. & Mrs . Roy C. , Jr. , 404 Hollydale Dr. ,
Nashville , TN 37217 1967
Ellis, Mr. & Mrs. Paul, Jr. , 2724 Wortham Dr. , Nashville , TN 37215--I97O
Ellis , Mr. & Mrs . John 0. , 4004 Overbrook Dr. , Nashville , TN 37204--1960
Elmore , Mrs . Erllne C . , 2709 Sunset Place , Nashville , TN 37212 1963
Elson , Mr . & Mrs . John, 3OO Hermitage Rd . , Knoxville , TN 37920 1958
Embury , Mr . & Mrs . John H. , 212 N, McLean Blvd . , Memphis , TN 38II2--I96O
Emmel , Mr . & Mrs . Dan , 635 Chester St., Bristol , VA 24201 1970
Enloe , Miss Mary E. , RFD #1 , Box 193, Franklin, NC 28734 1955
Epperson , Mr. & Mrs , H. C . , 519 Maryland Ave . , Bristol , TN 37622 1952
Even son , Mr. Roy , Point Park , Lookout Mtn. , TN 37350 1964
Everly, Mrs. K. B. , 3809 Nolensville Rd . , Nashville , TN 372II 1951
Farnsworth, Miss Dora , 3^6 Hawthorne St . , Memphis , TN 38112 1964
Farrell , Dr . Charles E, , 10 9 S . Bellevue Dr. , Nashville , TN 37205 — 1954
Farris , Mrs. Carter M. , Rome Pike, Lebanon, TN 37087 1964
Farris, Miss Rachael, 4911 Sewanee Rd., Nashville, TN 37220 1964
Faucette, Mr. & Mrs. Robert G. , 705 Taylor St,, Bristol, TN 37622 I96O
Felix, Mr. E. L. , 1222 Rocky Hill Rd . , Knoxville, TN 37919 1955
Fenn, Mrs. W. L. , 1012 The Tower, Chattanooga, TN 3?403 1958
Fentress, Mr. & Mrs. Wm. E, , Route #2, Brentwood, TN 37027 1952
Finch, Dr. & Mrs. W. C. , Emory & Henry College, Emory, VA 24327 1967
Flnucane , Mr. Joe, 1434 Watauga St., Kingsport, TN 37864 1965
Fischer, Mr. & Mrs. William, 1243 Roblnhood Rd. ,
Greenevllle, TN 37743 1967
Fisher, Mr. T. W. , 1204 Grantland Dr., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Flelschmann, Mrs. Walter, l406 Lynnwood Dr., Johnson City, TN 376OI-I966
Fleming, Mrs. Mary Ann, 5504 California Ave., Nashville, TN 37209 I968
Ford, Mr. Mike, 520 Sampson, Dyersburg, TN 38024 1969
Fort, Mr. & Mrs. Combs, 1040 Parkwood Terrace, Nashville, TN 3722O — 1970
Fort, Dr. Garth E. , I90O Old Hickory Blvd., Brentwood, TN 37027 I96O
Foster, Mr. & Mrs. G. Lloyd, Box 177 1 Townsend, TN 37882 1965
Foster, Mr. & Mrs. J. P. , 5817 Fredericksburg Drive,
Nashville, TN 37215 1966
Francisco, Mrs. Earl, 312 Hidden Valley Rd., Bristol, TN 37622 I96O
Frazer, Miss Mary Washington, 302 Cornwall Ave,,
Nashville, TN 37205 1959
French, Miss Elizabeth, 3IO8 Ocoee Trail, N. E. ,
Knoxville, TN 37917 1954
French, Mr. & Mrs. J. B. , 3IO8 Ocoee Trail, N. E. ,
Knoxville, TN 37917 1954
Frlngs, Dr. Hubert & Mable , 514 College Av. , Norman, OK 73069 1970
Fugate, Mr. John B, , 509 Ingleslde Ave., Athens, TN 37303 1970
Fuller, Mr. Earl J., 5480 S. Angela Lane, Memphis, TN 38II7 1959
Fuqua, Dr. & Mrs. W, G. , Rt #7, Columbia, TN 38401 1962
Gallaher, Mr. William T. , Rt 18, Knoxville, TN 37921 1970
Ganler, Mrs. Albert F. , 2112 Woodlawn Dr., Nashville, TN 37212 1935
Gant, Mrs. J. Norwood, 884 Robertson Academy Rd . ,
Nashville, TN 37220 1965
Gant, Mr. Norwood, Jr., 884 Robertson Academy Rd . ,
Nashville, TN 37220 1965
Ga t, Mr. & Mrs. King, Rt #8, Greenevllle, TN 377^3 1962
Garcelon, Mr. & Mrs. Merrell , 80 6 Kimbrough Towers, I72 Kimbrough
Place, Memphis, TN 38104 1966
Garllnghouse , Mrs. H. C., 1183 0 Claymore Dr., Marietta, GA 3OO6O — 1957
Gaston, Mrs. Emmet L. , Jr., 316 W. Main St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1957
Geren, Miss Genevieve, 220 N. McLean #1, Memphis, TN 38112 1950
Gevers, Mr. Carl M. , 5511 Dayton Blvd., Chattanooga, TN 37415” 1963
Gift, Mr. Edgar, 4514 Mitchell Rd . , Kingsport, TN 37664 1952
Gllreath, Mrs. S, B, , 110 Greenlawn Dr., Lebanon, TN 37O87 1967
Gillespie, Mrs. E. C. , 749 Lancaster Rd., Augusta, GA 30904 1958
Goodpasture, Dr. Katherine, 3^07 Hopkins Lane, Nashville, TN 37215 — 1941
Gould, Mrs. Clarence P., 724 Largo Vista Rd,, Concord, TN 37720 1969
Graves, Mr. Jimmie, 108 Oneida Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1969
Gray, Mr. Roland, I386 Court Ave., No. IO6, Memphis, TN 38104 1970
Green, Miss Martha, 1021 Delmas Ave., Nashville, TN 37216 I968
Greenfield, Mr. Steve, 186 Brenda Lane, Antioch, TN 37013 1965
Greever, Mr. C. E. , Star Route, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Grigsby, Mr. Maurice E. , 6425 Bob Varner Rd., Knoxville, TN 37918 — I966
Grimes, Mr. Samuel A., Sr., 4727 Peachtree Circle E. ,
Jacksonville, FL 32205 1962
Grimm, Mr. & Mrs. Billy C., 5519 Melvin Rd . , Memphis, TN 38II7 1967
Groce, Mr. & Mrs. A. Ben, 5OO Lynwood Blvd., Nashville, TN 37205 I96I
Hagen, Miss Virginia, 2418 Kirkland Place, Apt. B-6,
Nashville, TN 37212 I96I
Halle, Mrs. James, P. 0. Box 245, Cookeville, TN 385OI 1958
Hall, Mr. Melvin G. , Rt 2, Dayton, TN 37321 1969
Hancock, Mr. James W. , Rt #1, Princeton Road, Mad Isonvllle ,
KY 42431 19^6
Hanebrlnk, Dr. Earl Lo , Box 67, Arkansas State University,
State College, AR 72467 --I968
Hanson, Mr. Newton, Box 565, Bruce, MS 38915 1955
Harbert , Miss Ann, 184 Wind over Cove, Memphis, TN 38III 1958
Hardin, Mr. & Mrs. William C., 634 West "D" St.,
Elizabethton, TN 37643 1969
Hardman, Mrs. Joel S. , 1129 Glendale Lane, Nashville, TN 37204 I966
Harm, Mr. Ray, Chenoa, KY 40925 1969
Harshaw, Mr. Roger, 462 Rural Hill Rd . , Nashville, TN 3721? I968
Hassler, Mr. & Mrs. John D. , Box 1, Byrdstown, TN 385^9 1967
Hay, Dr. Sam, 722 Cherokee Court, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Hayes, Mrs. McGavock , 822 Forest Acres Dr., Nashville, TN 37220 1970
Hayes, Dr. Wayland J., 223 Lauderdale Rd., Nashville, TN 37205 1930
Haynes, Mrs. W. D. , 1014 N. Maple St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Hendren, Mrs. Adrian C., Box 87. Belmont, NC 28012 1959
Henry, Mr. Earl, Jr., 436 Westvlew Ave . , Nashville, TN 37205 1967
Herbert, Mr. & Mrs. John S. , 6II Lynnbrook Rd., Nashville, TN 37215-1960
Herndon, Mrs. Lee R. , Rt . #6, Ellzabethton , TN 37643 1943
Herron, Mrs. A. B. , Route 2, Brentwood, TN 37027 1967
Hervey, Mr. George, 2103 Copper Hill Cove, Memphis, TN 38128 1969
Hettlsh, Mr. & Mrs. J. Robert, 1018 Lawndale Dr.,
Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1967
Hicks, Miss Dorothy, A-3 Warner Park Apt., Nashville, TN 37205 1969
High, Mr. Raymond D. , Box 525. Cookeville, TN 385OI 1968
Hilton, Miss Esther A., 322 Park St., Bristol, VA 24201 1950
Hinds, Mr. Roy T., Rickman, TN 38580 1958
Hite, Mrs. William S. , 2612 Barton Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 1963
Hobbs, Mrs. Roy K. , 730 West Main St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1953
Hodgson , Mr . & Mrs . H. C . , Rt. 1 , Box 23O , Old Hickory , TN 37138 1969
Holland , Dr. Frank R. , Andersonvllle , TN 37705 1968
Hollister, Dr. Paul, 1228 Virginia Ave., Cookeville, TN 385OI 1958
Hollister, Dr. & Mrs. Robert M. , 316 Battle Ave.,
Franklin, TN 37064- 1966
Holmes, Mr. Robert, Director, Bays Mountain Park, City Hall,
Kingsport, TN 37660 1969
Horton , Dr . George , University of Tennessee , Martin Branch ,
Martin, TN 38237 1963
Howard, Dr. & Mrs. M. S. 224 S. Tarver Ave., Lebanon, TN 37O87 I968
Howell , Dr . & Mrs . J oseph C . , Dept . of Zoology , University of
Tennessee, Knoxville , TN 37916-- 1947
Howerton , Mr . & Mrs . E. D. , 433 Grayson Dr. , Nashville , TN 37205 1970
Hoyle , Miss Susan, 7923 Cortland Dr . , Knoxville , TN 37919 1965
Hudson, Mr. & Mrs. Jack, 3IO Lattawoods , Dyersburg, TN 38024 I966
Hughes , Mr . & Mrs . 0 . M. , Rt. 1 , Shackle Island Rd. ,
Hendersonville, TN 37075 1966
Hunter , Mr . R. E. , 2002 Greenland Dr. , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 — 1970
Hurley , Mr. Len , 484 Cherokee Blvd . , Knoxville, TN 37919 1969
Imhof, Mr. Thomas A., IO36 Pike Rd . , Birmingham, AL 35218 1949
Jackson , Mr. Greg, 2748 Acton Rd. , Birmingham , AL 35216 I97O
Jackson , Miss Louise , 5037 Montclair Dr. , Nashville , TN 372II-- 1964
Jacobson , Mr. Daniel R. , Box 6, Wlldwrood, GA 30757 1970
James , Mr. Bill, 1812 Phillips Place, Charleston , IL 61920 1969
James , Mrs . C . E. , 215O Washington Ave . , Memphis , TN 38104 1958
Jamison, Mrs. T. H. , 286 Sherry Circle, Gallatin , TN 37066 1968
Jessup , Mrs. Lee C., 3313 Hobbs Rd . , Nashville , TN 37215 1959
J ohnson , Mrs. Amy, 3I8 E. Sixth St., Cookeville , TN 385OI 1958
Johnson, Mrs. David, Rt . 3. Cloverdale Dr., Brentwood, TN 37027 1970
Johnson, Dr. Lee R. , I58 Wlndover Rd . , #4, Memphis, TN 38III--- 1970
J ohnson , Mr . & Mrs . William M. , 2815 Riverside Dr. ,
Knoxville, TN 37914= 1926
J ones , Mr. & Mrs . Arthur H. , 207 Rainbow Dr. , Lookout Mtn . TN 373 50 -1970
J ones , Mrs . Carl A. , 8O6 Hlllrlse Blvd. , J ohnson City , TN 376OI 1966
J ones , Mr . & Mrs . J . P . , 1812 21st Ave . , South ,
Nashville , TN 372O8-- 1952
J ones , Mr . William , P . 0. Box 142A, Tennessee Technical University ,
Cookeville , TN 385OI- 1966
J ones , Mrs. William R. , 726 Cherokee Court, Murfreesboro, TN 3713O--I97O
Jordan, Col. Frank G. , 36IO Hampton Ave., Nashville, TN 37215 1958
Justice, Mr. Robert, 104 N. Braden St., Lebanon, TN 37087 1970
Kaurez , Mr. Harry, 466 Vaughn St., Memphis, TN 38122 1967
Keeton, Mr. Luther F. , 80 Eastland Dr., Memphis, TN 38III 1940
Kef f er , Mr . Ralph E. , 2307 Lakevlew Dr. , J ohnson City , TN 37601 1970
Killeffer , Miss Elizabeth, 2116 Holly Lane , Cookeville , TN 385OI I96I
King, Mrs. P. Glenn , 6o4 Iris Dr. , Tullahoma , TN 37388 1967
Knauth, Mrs. Herman G. , 4321 Brush Hall Rd . , Nashville , TN 37216---I955
Knight, Mrs. E. B. , 1222 N. Dixie Ave . , Cookeville, TN 385OI 1958
Koella, Mr. & Mrs. Jon A., 522 Sycamore St., Morristown, TN 378I4--I967
Koss, Mrs. Edward A., II7 Oak Hill Dr., Lebanon, TN 37O87 1970
Kramer, Dr. & Mrs. Lee F. , Goodie ttsvllle , TN 37072 1966
Krause, Mr. Kurt, 605 Kyle Ave., Lookout Mtn., TN 37350 I96I
Lacy, Miss Beth, 3129 McClure Lane S.E., Knoxville, TN 3792O 1955
Lamb, Mrs. John S. , Lake Road, Dyersburg, TN 38024-- 1963
Langridge, Mr. Howard P., 1421 W. Ocean Ave., Lantana , EL 33462 1956
Lawhon , Mr. & Mrs. Bill, Jr., Taliwa Court Apts., #125 B,
Knoxville, TN 3792O 1966
Lawrence, Mrs. J. W., I05 West End Heights, Lebanon, TN 37087- I968
Leggett, Mr. Kenneth, P. 0. Box I6, Plnconnlng, MI 48650 1967
Lewis, Miss Helen K. , 34-5 East Drive, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1962
Lilly, Mr. Lindsey, 273I Cosmos Dr., N. E. , Atlanta, GA 30329 1970
Lilly, Mr. Mike, Talge Hall, Box 256, Collegedale, TN 37315 1969
Llndamood , Mr. & Mrs. William, 541 Cates St., Tlptonvllle , TN 38257-1965
Loomis, Mrs. C. C., 800 Park St., Bristol, VA 24201---- 1950
Lowe, Sara, Rt . 1, Rockvale , TN 37153“ 1970
Lowery, Dr. George H. , Jr. , 6255 Chandler Dr. ,
Baton Rouge, LA 708O8 -1937
Lowry, Mr. & Mrs. Charles J., Lowry Hills Rd . , Bristo , VA 24201 I969
Luckadon, Mrs. T. R. , I37 McKellar Dr., Tullahoma , TN 37388 1970
Luther, Mrs. Dorothy, 4515 Marcy Lane, Apt. 239.
Indianapolis, IN 46205 1965
Lynn, Mrs. Paul, 1302 N. Tennessee Blvd . , Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Lynn, Mrs. R. E. , Rt . #3, Cato Rd . , Nashville, TN 372I8 1951
MacMillan, Mrs. Robert D. , 4511 Harpeth Hill Drive,
Nashville, TN 37215 1965
Macon, Mr. & Mrs. Hershel , 3^25 Tlmberlake Rd . , Knoxville, TN 37920-1955
Manley, Mr. & Mrs. Leon W., P. 0. Box 16218, Memphis, TN 38II6 I96I
Mann, Mrs. Margaret Louise, 2189 Rlverview Dr., Nashville, TN 37214-1966
Manning, Mr. & Mrs. Don, Rt . 1, Old Paris Highway,
McKenzie, TN 38201 1970
Marcrum, Miss Cheryl L. , 5528 Southwood Dr., Memphis, TN 38117“ 1970
Markham, Mrs. Frank, Box I7I . Tlptonvllle, TN 38257 1965
Martin, Dr. Margaret P., I366 Selby Ave., St. Paul, MN 55104-- -1958
Maslowskl , Mr. Karl H. , 1034 Maycllff Place, Cincinnati, OH 45230--1933
Massey, Mr. & Mrs. Chester A., Jr., 6509 Orchard Road,
Knoxville, TN 37919 1970
May, Mr. Roby D. , Jr., 6II N. Main St., Ellzabe tht on , TN 37643 1956
McCamey, Dr. Franklin, Jr., 3854 Crawford Rd . , Dryden, MI 4-8428 -1931
McClanahan, Mr. & Mrs. Harvey P., 468 Tara Trail N.W.,
Atlanta, GA 30327 1964
McClelland, Mrs. Charles W., Glenwood Rd . , Bristol, TN 37622--- I966
McCrary, Mrs. John W., 118 Jefferson Dr., Bristol, VA 24201- 1957
McCrary, Mrs. W. L., Box 57, Woodbury, TN 37190 ---I965
McFarland, Mrs. Jerry, 3O8 E. Spring St., Lebanon, TN 37087 -1967
McFarland, Dr. & Mrs. Sam B. , 242 East Spring St.,
Lebanon, TN 37087 ---I966
McFarlln, Mr. L. L., 1011 Ewing St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130-- -1970
McGee, Mr. Sanford, P. 0. Box 54, Beersheba Springs, TN 37305------I970
McGee, Mr. & Mrs. Sidney, Tennessee Tech. University,
Cookeville, TN 385OI -1958
McGowan, Mr. & Mrs. George, 108 Darwin Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 3783O -1958
McGowan, Mr. & Mrs. Robert, Rt . 3. Box 86, Collierville, TN 38017--1965
McLeod, Miss Helena, D-2 Belle Meade Terrace Apts.,
Nashville, TN 37205 ----I967
McMillan, Mr. Chris, 276I Lindsay Place, Knoxville, TN 37919--- 1968
McMillan, Mrs. Ruth, Rt . #2, Lascassas , TN 37085-- -1970
McNeil, Mrs. Guy, 712 Piedmont Ave., Bristol, VA 24201 1959
McPeak, Mr. John David, Rt . 5, Box 207, Bristol, TN 3762O-- I967
McPherson, Mr. Charles E. , 706I Rlverdale Road,
Germantown, TN 38O38 1951
McWhorter, Mrs. J. H. , Rt . 2, Ravenden, AR 72459 ---194-7
Meadors, Mr. & Mrs. Howard, I09 Cleveland Rd . , Rossville , GA 30741--1958
Meeks, Dr. & Mrs. E. A., l4ll N. Roan St., Johnson City, TN 376OI---I964
Mengel , Mr. & Mrs. J. T., 3626 Kingston Place, Knoxville, TN 37920--1955
Merritt, Mrs. Dixon, Rt . #6, Lebanon, TN 37087 -1950
Miller, Miss Clarice, III5 N. Church St., Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Miller, Mr. & Mrs. George, 573 Croley Dr., Nashville, TN 37209 1969
Miller, Mr. & Mrs. Herbert, 801 Piedmont St., Bristol, VA 24201 1958
Miller, Mr. & Mrs. Max, Sulllns College, Bristol, VA 24201 I966
Mitchell , Mr . Harold D. , 238 West Royal Parkway,
Williamsville , NY 14221 1946
Mitchell, Mrs. Lottie, 514 Brentlawn Dr., Nashville, TN 37220 1959
Monk, Mr. Harry C., #5 Westminister Apt., 2013 Capers Ave . ,
Nashville, TN 37212 1919
Monroe, Dr. Burt L. , Jr., Dept, of Biology, University of Louisville,
Louisville, KY 40208------------ 1969
Monroe, Mr. & Mrs. Robert A., 3636 Tallluna Ave., Apt. 301,
Knoxville, TN 37919---- - - 1938
Moore, Mrs. C. E. , 439 Patterson St., Memphis, TN 38III 1931
Moore, Mrs. J. T. , RED #2 , Algood , TN 38540 1958
Moore, Miss Julia I., I06 Darwin Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 1949
Moore , Mrs . Myrlam P. , 101 Columbia Ave . , Lynchburg , VA 24503 1964
Moore , Miss Nelle , 275 Palisade Ave . , Memphis , TN 38III 1945
Moore, Mrs. Richard, Reel Heights, Oak Ridge, TN 37830- 1966
Morehead, Dr. M. R. , 77 Davis St., Cookeville, TN 385OI 1959
Morgan , Mr. & Mrs . John T. , Sr. , Rt . 1 , Box 400 , Hermitage Harbor ,
Old Hickory, TN 37138- 1964
Moss , Dr . & Mrs . Joe, 2020 Castleman Dr. , Nashville , TN 37215 • — 1966
Mountf ort , Miss Penelope , 4313 Glen Eden Dr. , Nashville , TN 37205-- — 1947
Mulholland , Mr. & Mrs . Dan M. , 1142 Klngspark Rd. , Memphis , TN
38117 1967
Murphy, Mrs. Charles B. , Rt. 2, Brentwood , TN 37027 1964
Mynatt , Mrs. E. W. , RED 13 , Bell Rd . , Knoxville , TN 37918 1965
Nagel , Dr . J erry W . , I603 Chlckees St., J ohnson City , TN 37601 — 1970
Nevius , Mr . & Mrs . Richard , Rt . #3. Greenevllle , TN 377^3 1945 » 1937
Nichols , Mrs . Robert C. , 4621 Franklin Rd . , Nashville , TN 37220 I967
Nlckell, Dr. Walter P. , Rt. 5, Box 175-B, Clinton, TN 37716 — I969
Noland , Miss Edith, 35^^ Crestrldge Dr. , Nashville , TN 37204 I966
Nolan , Mrs . Sara , 2017 Sweetbrlar Ave . , Nashville , TN 37212 — 1970
Norman , Mr . James L. , 502 N. l4th. , Muskogee , OK 74401- 1953
Norris , Dr . & Mrs . Raymond C. , 4021 Sunnybrook Dr. ,
Nashville , TN 37205 1965
Norwood , Mr . J oseph R. , I329 Goodwin Ave . , Charlotte , NC 28205 --1955
Nunnally , Miss Louise , 27OI Fairmont Blvd . , Knoxville , TN 37917 — ■ — 1965
Nunley , Mr. & Mrs. H. W. . Rt. 3, Bluff City, TN 37618--- I95O
Odom. Mrs . E. P. , I700 E. Main St., Murfreesboro , TN 37130 --1970
Oelke , Mr . & Mrs . W. C . , II69 Keowee , Apt . F2 , Knoxville , TN 37919 — 1970
Ogden , Mr. & Mrs . John C . , Box 279 . Everglades National Park ,
Homestead, FL 33030 1952,1970
Olson, Mr. & Mrs. Earl F. , Box 37i Norris , TN 37828 1955
O'Neil , Dr. A. W. , P. 0. Box 586, Falfurrlas, TX 78355-- --I96I
Orleans , Mrs . Jane , 1218 Ford Place , Knoxville , TN 37920 --1949
Ottenfeld , Mr . & Mrs . C . T. , Brookwood , Rt . 5 , Bristol , TN 37622 I966
Overton , Mrs . E. E. , 3316 Bunker Hill Dr. , Knoxville , TN 37920 1947
Owen. Mr. & Mrs. J. B. , 2930 North Hills, Blvd . , Knoxville, TN,
37917 — 1947
Owen , Mrs . Edward A. , P . 0 . Box 144 , Wllliston , TN 38O76 .-1949
Owen , Mrs . Paul C. , 75IO Highway 72, Germantown , TN 38O38 --1950
Paige , Mrs . Louise , 1937 E. McLemore Ave . , Memphis , TN 38114 I967
Parish , Mr . Eugene T. , 2393 Mlllbrook Ave. , Memphis , TN 38I27 --I967
Parks , Mrs. Beulah, 313 McBrlen Rd . , Chattanooga, TN 37411 --I968
Parmer , Mr . & Mrs . Henry E. , 38OO Richland Ave . ,
Nashville , TN 37205 --1955
Patrick , Mr . & Mrs . Oscar , 4641 Villa Green Dr. ,
Nashville , TN 37215 1969
Patterson, Mr. & Mrs. David E. , Olive Hill, TN 38475 1964
Patterson , Mr. J. Hunter , l409 Edgewood Dr., Dublin, GA 31021 1970
Patterson, Mr. Paul , Olive Hill , TN 38475 --1970
Patton , Dr . John, Box 60 , M.T.S.U. , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 --1970
Paul , Mr . & Mrs . Byron , 203 Oakhlll Dr. , Lebanon , TN 37O87 1966
Payne, Mr. George, Jr., 6643 Monmouth Dr., Memphis , TN 38II7 --1970
Peake, Mr. & Mrs. Richard , Jr., Box 28, Wise, VA 24293 1964
Pf Itzer , Mr . Donald W. , U . S . Fish & Wildlife Service , Peachtree-
Seventh Bldg., Atlanta , GA 30323 1970
Pfltzer, Mr. & Mrs, E. A,, 1640 Rossvllle Blvd.,
Chattanooga, TN 37408 1969
Pflug, Miss Marguerite, King College, Bristol, TN 37622 1950
Phelps, Mrs. Elizabeth, Phelps Industries, Skyland , NC 28776 1963
Phillips, Dr. Allan R. , Apartado 19-138, Mexico, D.F. Mexico 1943
Pitts, Mr. T. David, Biology Dept., University of Tennessee at
Martin, Martin, TN 38237--- 1965
Pitts, Mrs. Marion, I36 Beaumont, Martin, TN 38237 1970
Post, Mr. William, Jr., 1719 Nottingham Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607 1968
Powell, Mr. Albert L. , Rt . 1, Maceo, KY 42355 193^
Price, Mrs. David, Jr., 195^ Old Hickory Blvd., Brentwood, TN 37027-1970
Puckett, Mr. & Mrs. E. Powell, 112 Amherst Lane, Oak Ridge, TN
37830 1969
Puryear, Mr. & Mrs. W. A., Old Smyra Rd . , Brentwood, TN 37027 1958
Ragland , Miss Ella H. , 275 Palisades St. , Memphis, TN 38III 1945
Ragland, Mr. Robert, Box 5^^» Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1970
Railford, Mr. & Mrs. Walker, Blue Grass Dr.,
Hendersonville, TN 37075 1970
Ramsey, Mrs. Thomas R. , Jr., 928 Clearwood Ave.,
Kingsport , TN 37660 1970
Range, Mr. Peter, 51^ Laurel Ave., Johnson City, TN 37601 I969
Rankin, Mr. & Mrs. F. Earle, Box 172, Pigeon Forge, TN 37862 1970
Restlvo, Mr. Ernie, 5880 Mclnness, Memphis, TN 38II7 1968
Reynolds, Mr. & Mrs. A. E. , 807 Maple, Bristol, TN 37622 1958
Rice, Mrs. James L. , Rt . 2, Brentwood, TN 37027 1969
Richmond , Mr . Miser , Box 48 A , Tennessee Tech. , Cookeville , TN
38501 1941
Ridley, Mrs. Campbell, Mt . Pleasant Pike, Columbia, TN 38401 1965
Riggins , Mr. & Mrs . John, 5615 Brookwood Place , Nashville , TN 37205-1969
Rinl, Mr. S. Jack, 740 W. Clover Dr., Memphis, TN 38II7 195-4-
Rlon, Mr, & Mrs. Wm. C., 713 S. Dickerson Rd , ,
Goodlettsville, TN 37072 1963
Robison, Mr. Henry W. , South University Place, Unit 39# Apt. 11,
Stillwater, OK 74074-- 1968
Rosen , Dr. & Mrs . Lawrence , 3225 Carlisle Rd,, Birmingham , AL 35213-1962
Ross, Mr. Hollis T., West Lawn, Lewlsburg, PA 17837 1933
Rowell , Mr. Brent , 2227 Edgemont Ave . , Bristol , TN 37622 1970
Rue, Miss Elizabeth Waltt, Pi Beta Phi Staff House ,
Gatllnburg, TN 37738--- I96O
Ryder, Mr. & Mrs. Sterling C., 129 E. Tenn. Ave., Oak Ridge,
TN 37230 1970
Sanders, Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth B, , Old Sevlerville Pike, Rt. 9#
Knoxville, TN 3792O 1955
Satterfield , Mr. Stephen, RED #1, Box 265, Luttrell , TN 37779 1966
Sawyer, Mrs. Herman, 604 Estes Ave., Nashville , TN 37215 1962
Schiller , Mrs . Henry A. , 3572 Allendale Rd . , Memphis , TN 38111 1956
Schrelber , Mr . & Mrs . Edwin D. , Sr. , 3518 Pleasant Valley Rd . ,
Nashville, TN 37204---- 1963
Schroeder , Mr. Alan B. , l466l Parkwood Dr. , Grand Haven , MI 49417 1969
Schuerman , Mr . & Mrs . Max , 3906 Woodmont Lane , Nashville , TN 37215--1961
Schwamm, Mr. & Mrs., 4208 McCampbell Lane, Knoxville , TN 37918 1969
Scott, Mr. E. E. , RED #1, Nlckelsville , VA 24271 1966
Scott , Mr . Frederic R. , II5 Kennondale Lane , Richmond , VA 23226 1955
Seaborn, Mrs. Charles W. , Sr., 1794- Riverdale Road,
Germantown , TN 38038--- 1940
Searle , Mr . & Mrs . William F. , III , 924 Cedar Lane ,
Knoxville, TN 37918 1965
Sellars , Mr . Bill , 122 Greenlawn Ave . , Lebanon , TN 37087 1969
Sellars, Mrs. Clyde, Rt . 7, Lebanon, TN 37087 1969
Senter , Rev. William , 827 Castle Heights Ext . , Lebanon , TN 37087 I968
Shafer, Mr. & Mrs. Lee, Rt . 1, Whitwell , TN 37397 1969
Sharp , Dr. & Mrs. Aaron J. , 1201 Todler Rd. , Knoxville , TN 37919— -I970
Sharp, Mr. & Mrs. A. Boyd, Peters Road, RFD 21, Knoxville ,
TN 37919- 1968
Sharp , Mr. & Mrs . Robert K. , 505 Chesterfield Ave . ,
Nashville, TN 37212 1963
Sharp , Mr . Vernon , Jr. , 4304 Hard ing Rd , , Nashville , TN 37205 1921
Sharp , Mrs. Walter, Rt #2, Beech Creek Rd. , Brentwood , TN 37027 1952
Sharpless , Miss Dorothy E. , Box 692 , Morristown, TN 37814 1957
Sherrod , Mr. & Mrs. Haywood , 44-05 Lone Oak Rd . , Nashville ,
TN 37215 1970
Sievert, Mr. Richard , 209 Hope Rd . , Greenevllle , TN 37743 I968
Simpson , Mrs . Horace L. , Jr. , 4415 Soper Ave . , Nashville , TN 37204--I967
Simpson, Mr. Mark, Jr. , P. 0. Box I67 , Statesville , NO 2867? I96I
Simpson , Mrs . Katherine R. , 3910 Valley Rd . , Nashville , TN 37205 I965
Singleton , Mr . Bob R. , P. 0 . Box 629 , State University , AR 72467 I969
Slack , Miss Mabel , 1004 Everett Ave . , Louisville , KY 40204 1934
Sliger , Mr. & Mrs . Henry L. , 208 S . Germantown Rd . ,
Chattanooga , TN 37411 1954
Smith, Miss Alice H. , Apt . #6, 4l4 N. Claybrook St.,
Memphis, TN 38104 1933
Smith , Dr . Arlo & Family , 3724 Oakley Ave., Memphis , TN 38III 1953
Smith , Mr . Arthur S . , Rt . #10, Crooked Rd . , Kingsport , TN 37663 I96O
Smith , Mr . Charles R. , Dept . of Conservation , Fernow Hall ,
Cornell University , Ithaca , NY 14850 1963
Smith, Mrs. G. Gould , Rt . 7, Lebanon, TN 37087 1970
Smith , Mr . & Mrs . J . Winston , 4035 Skyland Dr., Kingsport , TN 37664-1952
Smith , Mr . & Mrs . Louis F. , 38O9 Rlverview Rd . , Knoxville , TN 37914-1954
Smith, Miss Lynn A. , 49I N. Highland St. , #18, Memphis , TN 38122---1970
Smith , Mr . R . Demett , Jr. , 27IO Mountain Park Circle ,
Huntsville , AL 358IO I97O
Smith, Dr. Radford , I36 Park Circle , Murfreesboro, TN 37130 1964
Smith , Mr . Stephen , 4520 Beacon Dr . , Nashville , TN 37215 1970
Solllns , Mr. Phillip, I5I N. Purdue Ave. , Oak Ridge , TN 37830 I969
Spees , Dr . & Mrs . Royal , Box 356, Greenevllle , TN 37743 1962
Spoff ord , Dr . Walter , 568 Main St., Etna NY I3062 -1940
Stallings , Miss Pat , 406 North 17th St., Nashville , TN 37206 1970
Stamm , Miss D. Ruth , 3168 Cowden Ave . , Memphis , TN 38III 1963
Stamm , Mrs . F. W, , 9IOI Spokane Way , Louisville , KY 40222 1946
Statler , Mr . & Mrs . D. Clark , 42 -W 4505 Hard Ing Rd . ,
Nashville , TN 37205 I96O
Steele , Mrs . Charles H. , Rash Ragsdale Rd . , Brentwood , TN 37027 1967
Stephens , Miss Ella , Box 35. Farner , TN 37333 1965
Sterchl , Mrs . Martha , 6514 Shall owf ord Rd . , Chattanooga , TN 37421--1968
Stevenson , Dr . Henry M. , Dept . of Biological Sciences , Florida
State University , Tallahassee , FL 32306 1939
Stoner , Mr . & Mrs . Floyd , 192 Williford St . , Memphis , TN 38II2 I96I
Street , Mr . & Mrs . C . P. , Golf Club Lane , Nashville , TN 37215 I963
Street , Mr. Thomas E. , 4ll N . Spring St., Greensboro , NC 27401 1954
Stringer , Mr . & Mrs . Kirby , 1833 Primrose Ave . , Nashville , TN 37212-194-7
Stringer , Mr. & Mrs . Robert E.M., 205 Lisa Lane ,
Nashville , TN 37210--- -I962
Stuart , Mr . & Mrs . Gord on , I32 Oakvlew Dr. , Bristol , VA 24201 1970
Stupka , Mr. & Mrs. Arthur, RED #1, Gatllnburg, TN 37738 1935
Sullivan , Mrs . J . Manning , 4902 Arnold Place ,
Chattanooga , TN 37412- 1970
Sumara , Mrs. C. K. G. , & Ed , 1011 Church St. , Tiptonville , TN 38257-1965
Swindell , Mr . & Mrs . Thomas C . , Box 38 . Roan Mountain , TN 37687 1955
Switzer , Mrs . A. H. , 1620 Fairldge Place , Kingsport , TN 37664 1949
Tanner , Mr . & Mrs . Edward F. , 402 Colgate Ave . , Lebanon , TN 37087--1969
Tarbell , Mrs . D. Stanley , 6033 Sherwood Dr., Nashville , TN 37215 I968
Taylor , Mrs . Carrie , 400 Quincy Ave . , Knoxville , TN 37917 1970
Taylor , Mr . & Mrs . Porter , Box I69 , Mt . Juliet , TN 37122 1965
Taylor , Dr . R. David , 546 Sugg Place , Dyersburg , TN 38024 1965
Thomas , Mr . & Mrs , G , E. , 20 Terrane Ave . , Natick , MA OI762 1947
Thomas , Mrs . Anne M. & Scott , l400 Clifton Lane ,
Nashville , TN 37215 I97O
T Inn on. Miss Thelma, I35 W. Second St. , Cookeville , TN 385OI 196O
Tipton , Dr . & Mrs . S . R, , 4617 Wye Way Dr. , Knoxville , TN 37920 1948
Todd , Mr. Henry 0. , Jr. , P. 0. Box 917 , Murfreesboro , TN 37130 1935
Tollne , Mr. F. R. , Rt . 8, Cookeville , TN 385OI 1965
Tollne , Mr. Robert , Rt . 8 , Cookeville , TN 385OI 1965
Tori , Mrs. M. L. , Sr. , 3IO7 Spottswood Ave. , Memphis , TN 38III I938
Trabue , Mr . & Mrs . Lawrence 0., 38I9 Hard Ing Place ,
Nashville , TN 37215 196O
Travis, Dr. Vaud A. , Jr. , 4526 Water Oak Rd . , Charlotte , NC 28211--1968
Tunsberg , Mr . & Mrs . Douglas L . , 1314 S . Seminole Dr . ,
Chattanooga , TN 37412 1956
Turner , Dr. & Mrs. Carroll , 407 Greenway Rd . , Memphis , TN 38II7 196O
Turner , Miss Helen , 2985 Walnut Grove Rd . , Apt . 3 , Memphis , TN 38III-I968
Valden, Mr. Merritt G. , Box 164, Rosedale , MS 38?69 1927
Vaudry, Mr. & Mrs. J. D. , 4503 Saunders Ave . , Nashville, TN 37216 I969
Van Cleve , Mr. G. Bernard, 304 S. Winebiddle St., Apt. #2,
Pittsburgh, PA 15224 I96I
Van Gelder, Mr. Enno, 4l6 Hilltop Rd . , Bristol,- TN 37622
Vaughn, Mr. & Mrs. W. J., Cloverland Dr., Brentwood, TN 37027-- 1964
Victor, Mr. Julia, I306 Madison Ave., #14, Memphis, TN 38104 I97O
Wachenfeld , Mrs. William A., 787 E. Clarke Place, Orange, NJ O705O--I96O
Wagner, Mr. Jack A., 7OO3 Genoa Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37^21- 1967
Wagner, Mr. Mark, 7OO3 Genoa Dr., Chattanooga, TN 37421 1967
Waldron, Mrs. James E. , I626 Yorkshire Dr., Memphis, TN 38II7-- -1970
Wallace, Miss Ellen B. , II5 Woodmont Blvd . , Nashville, TN 37205 I96I
Wallace, Mr. Gary 0., Tallwa Court Addition, Apt. #175. Chapman Hwy. ,
Knoxville, TN 3792O 1967
Waller, Mr. Wade, 368O Merrett St., Memphis, TN 38128- 1969
Walls, Mrs. 0. C., 2117 Bernard Ave., Nashville, TN 37212 I967
Ward, Mr. Frank, 3341 B Pine Wood Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37411--^ -1952
Waters , Mrs . Henry , Rt . 7. Greenwood Farms , Lebanon , TN 37087 1950
Weise , Dr . Charles M. , 2314 E. Stratford Court , Milwaukee , WI 53211-195^
Welty, Mrs. William, II5 Castle Heights Ave., Lebanon, TN 37087 I967
Wendt, Miss Chrlssa, 825 N. Drive, Cookeville, TN 385OI I96O
Wharton, Miss Mary, 133 Public Square, Lebanon, TN 37087 1967
White, Miss Marie, 1218 Bryne Ave., Cookeville, TN 38501 I96I
White , Miss V. Ruth, I37 Third Ave. North, Franklin, TN 37064 I950
Wilbur , Mrs . Richard C. , Rt . 2 , Ussery Rd,, Clarksville , TN 37040 — 1969
Wild s , Mr . Scott M. , 2000 N. Parkway St., Memphis , TN 38112 1970
Wilkinson , Mrs . Harvie B. , 4l8 N. Hermitage Ave . ,
Lookout Mountain , TN 37350 I96I
Wilkinson , Dr. & Mrs. R. Dean , Horn Springs Rd . , Lebanon , TN 37087 — I96O
Williams , Miss Dorothy , 2511 Sherrod Rd . , Knoxville , TN 37920 1958
Williams , Mr. Morris D. , Box 25, Flvepolnts , TN 38457 19^9
Williams, Mr. & Mrs. Orrln C. , 4861 2nd Ave. , Millington, TN 38053-1963
Williams , Mr . & Mrs . W. B. , I313 Young Ave . , Maryville , TN 378OI 1964
Williamson , Mrs . W . G. , 4237 Auburn Rd . , Memphis , TN 38II6 193^
Wills , Mr. & Mrs . Jesse E. , 1201 Belle Meade Blvd . ,
Nashville, TN 37205---- 1948
Wllmeth , Mr . & Mrs . C . E. , 606 S . Graham St., Memphis , TN 38111 -1948
Wilson , Dr. Gord on , 1434 Chestnut St . , Bowling Green , KY 42101 -1931
Wilson, Dr. Lawrence P. , Rt . #1, Box 93, Walls, MS 38680-- I96I
Wlsner, Mr. John, Triumph Magazine Inc., 927 15th St., N.W. ,
Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 1966
Wodtke , Mrs . C. H. , 609 W. Vanderbilt , Oak Ridge , TN 3783O I967
Wood , Mr . & Mrs. George R. , 73 W . Norris Rd . , Norris , TN 37828 1958
Wooldridge, Mrs. Rose Newton, 2042 Cowden Ave., Memphis , TN 38104--1945
Workman , Miss Virginia , JIO6 W . End Ave. , Apt . A3 , Nashville , TN 37203--1960
Worley , Mr . & Mrs . Richard C. , 500 Winston Rd . , Chattanooga , TN
37405 1970
Wright , Mr . Bill , II7 Carnegie Dr. , Oak Ridge , TN 3783O 1969
Wright, Mrs. D. 0., 2749 Mlllbrook Rd . , Birmingham, AL 35243 -1953
Wuest, Mrs. Elizabeth A., 201 Vlllanova Rd . , Oak Ridge, TN 3783O-— I967
Wyman , Mrs . James G . , 312 Lynwood St., Bristol , TN 37622 -1954
Yelt on , Miss Nancy , c/o American Embassy , APO New York City ,
NY 09285 -i960
York, Dr. J. Lyndal , 42 Pine Manor, Little Rock, AK 72707 1966
Young , Mr . James B. , 417 Club Lane , Louisville , KY 40207-- — -1938
Zimmerman, Mrs. Guy, 502 Hlllcrest Ave., Chattanooga, TN 37411 1970
LIBRARIES--MUSEUMS-- INSTITUTIONS
Period Icals Section , New York State Library , Albany , NY 12201 1953
MOSKOVSK OTD, BIB-TEKI AKAD NAUK , UL DM ULJANOVA 5/46,
v-333 USSR -1963
Library, Emory University, Serials, Dept., Atlanta, GA 30322 -1940
Acquisitions Dept . , Serials Dlv. , Library , Louisiana State Unlv. ,
Baton Rouge, LA 7O8O3 1947
Serials Dept., General Library, University of California ,
Berkeley, CA 94720 -1934
The Charleston Museum, 121-25 Rutledge Ave . , Charleston , SC 29416 1934
The Chattanooga Public Library, 601 McCallle Ave.,
Chattanooga , TN 37403------- •--- 1932
Library, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Rd .
& Lakeshore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605--------- 1935
C. A. Exchanges, The Center for Research Libraries, 5721 Cottage
Grove Ave., Chicago, IL 60637-"“-----”-^ I96I
Library, Southern Missionary College, Collegedale, TN 37315 ■--I962
Serials Div. , Library, Ohio State University, 1858 Nell Ave.,
Columbus, OH 43210--------------------------------- 1945
Library , Ellzabe tht on , TN 37643------- ___1950
Biology Library, University of Tenn . , Knoxville, TN 37916 .______1942
Lawson McGhee Library, 217 Market St., Knoxville, TN 37902-- --1956
University of Kansas, Library, Periodical Section,
Lawrence, KN 66o45--~-----~------------------~----- -1956
University Library, Lund, Sweden--- — ______1955
The Library, The University of Tenn. at Martin, Martin, TN 38237---1963
Cossltt Reference Library, 33 8. Front St., Memphis, TN 38103------1940
Serials Dept., John Brlster Library, Memphis State University,
Memphis , TN 38111----------------------
Serials Dept., Library, McGill University, 3459 McTavlsh St.,
Montreal, 112 , P.Q. , Canada------------------------- --I93O
Library, Periodical Dept., Middle Tenn. State University,
Murfreesboro, TN 37130------------------ 196I
Library, Murray State University, Murray, KY 4027I-------- -1946
Joint University Libraries, Vanderbilt Campus, Nashville, TN 37203--1935
State Library Dlv. , Tenn. State Library and Archives,
Nashville , TN ^--^-=^----1930
Ornithology Library, Peabody Museum, Room 205. New Haven, CT O65O8--I963
Serials Section, Tulane University Library, New Orleans, LA 70118---1944
Library, National Audubon Society, II30 5th Ave., New York,
NY 10028---------------------------------
Library, Carnegie Museum, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213----1956
Serials Dept., D. H. Hill Library, North Carolina State College,
P. 0. Box 5007, Raleigh, NC 27607---------------------------------1960
Library, Serials Dept., Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, OK 74074-------------------------------- _„.^__^1963
Library, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, 100 Queen's
Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada------------------ — .__---_-_--_i948
Serials Section, Library, University of Mississippi,
University, MS 38677------------------- -I947
The Serials Dept., Univ. of Illinois Library, Urbana , IL 6I8OI -1956
Woodward Library, Unlv. of British Columbia, Vancouver, 8,
British Columbia , Canada- ---1958
Library, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA I57OI-----I967
Acquisitions Division, Albert R. Mann Library, Ithaca, NY 14850 ----I967
Periodicals Dept., Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William &
Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185------------”--------------“---- -I967
Pattee Library, Periodicals Section, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA l6802--~~~~---~-------- _______________ .-1968
Accessions Dept., Nat ’ 1 . Lending Library for Science & Technology,
Boston SPA, Yorkshire, England L S 23 7BQ--------------- ______1968
Jessie Ball Dupont Library, Serials Dept., University of the South,
Sewanee , TN 37375 — _______________1968
Periodicals Dept., East Tennessee State University Library,
Johnson City, TN 37601------------------ _______________i969
Library, University High School, Johnson City, TN 37601--. ---I969
Schuylkill Campus Library, Pennsylvania State University, State
Highway, Schuylkill Haven, PA 17972-------.^ 1969
Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506------------ -I969
Hardin County Public Library, Savannah, TN _____1969
City of Kingsport, Bays Mountain Park Office, 225 W. Center St.,
Kingsport, TN 37660----------- — — 1970
Dean B, Ellis Library, Arkansas State University,
State University, AE 72467----- 1968
Edward Gray Institute of Field Ornithology, Botanic Garden, High
Street, Oxford, England-----------------------------..^ 1968
EXCHANGES
ARKANSAS BIRDS, University of Arkansas, General Library,
Fayetteville , AR 72701
THE AUDUBON NATURALIST, Audubon Naturalist Society,
8940 Jones Mill Rd . , Washington, DC 20015
Socledad de Clenclas Naturales, La Salle, Blblloteca, Apartado 681,
Caracas , Venezuela
BIRD-BANDING, Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, WI 53706
British Trust for Ornithology, Beech Grove, Trlng, Hertfordshire,
England
BULLETIN OF MAINE AUDUBON SOCIETY, Bowdoln College, Brunswick, ME--04011
THE CHAT, Box 277, Zebulon, NC 27597
La Tour du Valat , 13- Le Sambuc , (Bouches-du-Rhone ) , France
THE CONDOR, Biomedical Library, Medical Center, University of
California, Los Angeles, CA 90024
EBBA NEWS, Box 3295. Grand Central Station, New York, NY IOOI7
THE FLORIDA NATURALIST, Florida Audubon Society, P. 0. Drawer 7,
Maitland, FL 32751
LE GERFAUT, Commission Administrative du Patrlmolne , de L'lnstltut,
Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Rue Vautler, 3I .
Bruxelles, 4, Belgium
INDIANA AUDUBON QUARTERLY, Indiana Audubon Society, Inc.,
4660 East 42nd St., Indianapolis, IN 46226
IOWA BIRD LIFE, 235 McClelland Blvd . , Davenport, lA 52803
KENTUCKY WARBLER, Serials Dept., University of Louisville Library,
Belknap Campus, Louisville, KY 40208
THE KINGBIRD, Federation of New York State Bird Clubs, Inc.,
20 Parish Rd . , Honeoye Falls, NY 14472
THE LIVING BIRD, Library, Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell
University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850
THE LOON, Minnesota Ornithologists Union, Museum of Natural
History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
MARYLAND BIRD LIFE, Maryland Ornithological Society, 4915 Green
Springs Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21209
NATURAL HISTORY, The Librarian, American Museum of Natural History,
New York, NY 10024
THE NEBRASKA BIRD REVIEW, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union,
5109 Underwood Ave . , Omaha, NB 68132
Texas Ornithological Society, I6II West Indiana, Midland, TX 79701
THE ORIOLE, Gift & Exchange Section, Acquisitions Division,
University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, GA 306OI
DER ORNITHOLOGISCHE BEOBACHTER , Vogelwarte , Sempach, Switzerland
THE PASSENGER PIGEON, 733 Maple Street, Chippewa Falls, WI 54729
THE PROTHONOTARY , Buffalo Ornithological Society, 87 Garrison Rd.,
Willlamsvllle , NY 14221
RAVEN, 6 Jordan Street, Lexington, VA 24451
THE REDSTART, Brooks Bird Club, 423 Warwood Ave., Wheeling, WV-- 26OO3
THE RING, International Ornithological Bulletin, Laboratory of
Ornithology, Slenkleza, 21, Worclaw, Poland
SOUTH DAKOTA BIRD NOTES, Keystone Rt . , Box 669, Rapid City, SD 57701
THE WILSON BULLETIN, The Wilson Ornithological Society Library,
University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Uber Radolfzell (Bodensee), Schloss
Moegglngen (I7 B) , Germany
THE RECORD, AVES Section, Zoological Library, British Museum,
Natural History, Cromwell Rd., London, S.W. 7, England
Library, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatllnburg, TN 37738
Library, U. S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC 20025
Literature Acquisition Department, Biological Abstracts, 2100 Arch,
Philadelphia, PA I9IO3
The Nashville Children's Museum, 724 2nd Ave, South,
Nashville, TN 37210
Section of Migration Non-Game Bird Studies, U. S. Fish & Wildlife
Service, Patuxant Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD 20810
Alabama Ornithological Society Library, Series Section, Auburn
University Library, Auburn, AL 3683O
Tremont Environmental Center, c/o Mr. G. Lloyd Foster,
Townsend, TN 37882
Zaklad Zoologil Systematycznej , ul . Slakowskl , I7 , Krakow, Poland
THE BLUE JAY, Serials Dept. Murray Memorial Library, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
INLAND BIRD BANDING ASSOCIATION, Box 478, Laurel, MD --20810
THE JACK PINE WARBLER, Michigan Audubon Society, 7OOO N.
Westnedge Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49OOI
ACTA ORNITHOLOGICA , Chief of Exchange Section, Institute of
Zoology, Warszawa, ul . Wllcza 64, Poland
Arkansas Audubon Society, 5809 North Country Club,
Little Rock, AR 72207
Texas Ornithological Society, Library, 512 Inwood Drive,
Baytown, TX 77520
The Finnish Ornithological Society, c/o Library of the Scientific
Societies, Snellmanlnkatu 9-H. Helsinki I7 , Finland
Ochrana Fauny/Protec t Ion of Fauny , Bratislava 9. 0. Box 47,
Czechoslovakia
EKOLOGIA POLSKA, Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Ecology,
Library, Warsaw, Nowy Swlat 72, Poland
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THE MIGRANT
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
FIRST PUBLISHED, JUNE 1530
Published By
THE TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Founded at Nashville, Tenn., 7 October 1515
A non-profit, educational, scientific, and conservation organization.
EDITORIAL STAFF
EDITOR LEE R. HERNDON
Rt. 6, Elizabethton, Tenn. 37643
ASSISTANT EDITOR CliARLES R. SmTH
Rt. 2, Johnson City, Tenn. 37601
“STATE COUNT COMPILER” JON DeVORE
4522 Sarasota Dr., Hixon, Tenn. 37343
OFFICERS FOR 1565-1571
PRESIDENT GEORGE R. MAYFIELD. JR.
Maury County Hospital, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
VICE-PRESIDENT, EAST TENN FRED J. ALSOP, III
Apt. 147 Tahwa Court, Chapman Highway, Knoxville, Tenn. 37520
VICE-PRESIDENT, MIDDLE TENN JOHN O. EIXIS
4004 Over brook Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37204
VICE-PRESIDENT, WEST TENN MRS. EDWARD L. CARPENTER
235 North Avenue, Henderson, Tenn. 38340
DIRECTORS-AT-LARGE;
EAST TENN 2vUSS LOUISE NUNNALLY
2701 Fairmount Boulevard, Knoxville, Tenn. 37517
MIDDLE TENN KENNETH BUNTING
3405 Love Circle, Nashville, Tenn, 37212
WEST TENN KENNETH LEGGETT
Route 4, Dyersburg, Tenn. 38024
CURATOR ALBERT F. GANIER
2112 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville, Tenn. 37212
SECRETARY DAN GRAY, JR.
5004 Mt. Pleasant Pike, Columbia, Tenn. 38401
TREASURER KENNETH H. DUBKE
Apt. 1, 720i Bacon Trail, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37412
Annual dues, $3.00; Sustaining $5.00; Life $100.00; Student $1.00; Family, $4.00
(chapters may collect additional fees to cover local expenses). Corresponding membership
(out of state), Libraries, and Subscribers, $3.00. No discount to agencies. Back numbers
may be had from the Curator. Please notify the Treasurer of a change of address.
Published quarterly (March, June, September, and December). Printed by Preston
Printing Company, 509-511 Shelby Street, Bristol, Tennessee 37620, U.S.A. Postage paid
and mailed at Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643, U.S.A*
THE MIGRANT
Published by the Tennessee Ornithological Society,
to Record and Encourage the Study of Birds in Tennessee.
Issued in March, June, September, and December.
VOL. 41
DECEMBER, 1970
NO. 4
OBSERVATIONS OF CERTAIN BIRDS
By James M. Campbell and J. C. Howell
Observations of Certain Birds in Campbell County — In the course of
field trips made as a part of a study of the birds of Campbell County certain
observations were made in late May, June and July, 1970 which seem worth
publishing. We expect these notes to be followed by others as we learn more
of the birds of this county. Scientific names of birds are from the A.O.U.
Check-list (1957) and those of plants are from Shanks and Sharp (1947).
Elevations and place names are from the U.S.G.S. quadrangle maps.
On 27 June we saw a male Sharp-shinned Hawk {Accipiter striatus) fly
into a grove of small pines. While we searched for its nest both parents were
briefly glimpsed a few times and some rather soft, almost melodious, cackling
notes were heard. The nest was located some 20 to 2 5 feet up in a 40-foot,
thickset pine [Pintis virginiana) . Three young standing on the edge of the
nest showed considerable down. Two of the young flew in descending, awk-
ward flight to trees about 15 and 2 5 feet from the nest when one of us
(J. M. C.) climbed 10 feet up the nest tree. The nest was on the crest of a
ridge of Cross Mountain one mile east of Grissel Knob at an altitude of
2,840 feet.
In the course of a Breeding Bird Survey count on 7 June, made by J. C.
Howell and Frances Olson, a Red-shouldered Hawk {Buteo lineatm) was
heard calling. The requirements of the survey prevented a search to see the
bird. The hawk was heard again (by J. C. H.) on 11 June, but was not seen.
A Blue Jay heard near the calling hawk suggested that a jay might have been
imitating the hawk (Brown and Amadon, 1968). On 21 June we (J. M. C.
and J. C. H.) again heard the hawk. A hike to the crest of a nearby hill
resulted in our getting a clear view the hawk. It was in juvenile plumage
and circled overhead a number of times about 100 feet above us. This bird
called frequently while we were within earshot and responded readily to imi-
tations of its call. The location was The Lone (Knob) three miles north of
Pioneer above Elk Fork Creek at an altitude of about 1,3 50 feet.
A Red-shouldered Hawk (or possibly two) was heard calling from two
locations about 0.2 5 mile apart on the Tennessee-Kentucky line 2.5 miles
(by road) from the Highcliff bridge on 5 July. We were unable to see this
[VoL. 41, 1970]
74
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
hawk. Both this Red-shoulder and the one observed near Pioneer were in
relatively flat valleys in which there was a mixture of pastures, crop lands
and wooded areas bordered by forested hills or mountains. While one of the
sites from which this hawk called was very close to the Tennessee line, we
believe it probable that both of these places should be assigned to Kentucky.
At the Pioneer stop on the 7 June count the "chebec” song of a Least
Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus') was heard repeatedly. The bird sounded
as though it were only 75 feet away, but it was not seen. Returning on 1 1
June the flycatcher was neither seen or heard (J. C. H.) However, on 21 June
we (J. M. C. and J. C. H.) heard the bird at intervals for about 30 minutes
before we were able to see it and examine its characteristic eye ring and
wing bars. During our observations the bird was briefly seen flying into a
thicket where the begging notes of young birds could be heard. We could
not be certain that the young birds we heard were Least Flycatchers. No
nest resembling that of a Least Flycatcher was found. The altitude here
was 1,540 feet. Mengle (1965) rejects the single possible summer record of
this species for Kentucky.
On 31 May a song thought (J. C. H.) to be that of a Swainson’s Warbler
{himnothlypis swainsonii) was heard near state highway 63 in Smith Cove at
Rector Branch close to the Scott County boundary. It sang regularly in a
rather open thicket of bushes, including a few rhododendron, on a gently
sloping area near a tiny stream about 100 feet from Rector Branch. On
11 June this bird was located by its song by J. C. H. Eventually the bird
alighted some 40 feet away at eye level facing the observer. The breast of the
bird was devoid of markings. It remained in full view in good light for about
a minute and sang twice. On 21 June we heard the bird sing about 10
times, but were unable to see it. At no time in these observations was a bird
that might have been a mate seen or heard. During these three observation
periods this bird sang from places with an extreme distance of about a
thousand feet along Rector Branch at an altitude of about 1,540 feet. Men gel
(1965) reports the species from Black Mountain, Harlan County, in early
July and from other areas in the Cumberland Mountains of eastern Kentucky.
A female Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) was observed on 21 June
sitting on a nest 30 feet up in a tulip tree (Liriodendron tuUpifera) . As we
examined the nest a male of this species gave frequent chip notes from 50 feet
away. The nest was on top of an almost horizontal branch supported in part
by small living twigs and located above a gravel road. The outside of the
nest was of dark brown strips of bark. The nest site was on a south slope
of Cross Mountain at an altitude of about 2,2 00> feet beside the east branch of
Davids Creek, some two miles (airline) west southwest of Caryville. Almost
mature and largely undisturbed deciduous forest erew on the steep slope about
the nest. The commonness of this species in this region is attested by the
hearing of 1 5 singing males along seven miles of this mountain road during
the 7 June count.
On 27 June we heard a softly singing male Chestnut-sided Warbler
(Dendroica pensylvanica) which carried an insect larva in its bill. A few
minutes later this bird flew down into some nearby bushes. A brief search
flushed a female from a nest located 20 inches up in a brier (Rubus sp.)
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
75
beneath a five-foot, slender Sour Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) shoot. In the nest
were three young four or five days old and an infertile egg. The side of the
nest was so loosely constructed that it could be seen through. The nest site
was beside a road on the crest of a ridge of Cross Mountain approximately one
mile east of Grissel Knob at an altitude of 2,820 feet. Much bare ground
was present along this ridge crest as a consequence of coal strip mining opera-
tions completed in the vicinity of the nest site in recent years.
Along the above road in about a mile and a half at altitudes of from
2,800 to 3,040 feet in a disturbed area of thickets and surrounding forest edge,
we heard five singing males. Stupka (1963) reports this species as being a
common summer resident above 3,000 feet in the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park and as nesting down to 2,000 feet 20 miles south of the Park.
Mengel (1965) reports this species to be a common summer resident above
3,200 feet on Black Mountain, Harlan Co., Kentucky.
A male Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) was carefully observed by us
in an old apple orchard 2 miles (by road) north of Pioneer near the New
Canaan Church on 21 June. The altitude was about 1,220 feet. The bird
both sang and chattered; a brief search failed to locate a nest or another
bird of this species.
Literature Cited
American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. The Check-list of North American
Birds.
Brown, L. and D. Amadon. 1968. Eagles, Haivks and Falcons of the World.
Mengel, R. 1965. The Birds of Kentucky.
Shanks, R. E. and A. J. Sharp. 1947. Summer Key to the Trees of Eastern
T ennessee.
Stupka, A. 1963. Notes on the Birds of the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park.
U. S. Geological Survey Quadrangle Maps: Block (1952), Jellico East
(Tennessee-Kentucky) (1953), and Pioneer (1952) Quadrangles. ,
15 Hedgewood Dr., Knoxville 37918 and Dept of Zoology and Entomology,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916.
ANNOUNCEMENT
JOINT ANNUAL MEETING
of
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
with
KENTUCKY ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
at
MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY
30 APRIL and 1 and 2 MAY 1971
Plans are incomplete at this time, however, Mr. Albert F. Ganier,
founder and curator of the Tennessee Ornithological Society and who was
instrumental in the founding of the Kentucky Orithological Society, will
be a featured speaker at this meeting.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
76
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
ROUND TABLE NOTES
SPRING SIGHTING OF AMERICAN AVOCETS IN SUMNER COUN-
TY— At about 17:25 on 30 April 1970 while making a routine inspection of
the ash disposal lines at the TVA Gallatin Steam Plant, I saw three large
shore birds that were completely unfamiliar to me. I stopped and got out of
the car about 75 yards from the birds. One bird was sitting on an "ash bar”
at the edge of the water, the other two were standing in shallow water a few
feet from the edge. The birds appeared to be resting. They made no move-
ment other than occasionally turning their heads. I made a rough sketch of
the birds and made the following notes: head and neck bright rusty, darkest
on crown, palest on lower neck; wings and body black and white, striped
front to rear; breast and belly white; tail, black; legs, dark; impression of a
long, dark beak but unable to see it clearly at this distance and without
binoculars.
I returned to the steam plant and called my wife. She checked Peterson’s
^^Field Giude to the Birds” and ^^Birds of America” and decided that American
Avocets {Kecurvirostra americana) were the only birds that fit my descrip-
tion. However, she suggested that I check again on the beaks.
I borrowed a pair of 7x5 0 binoculars from TVA Public Safety Service and
returned to the ash disposal pond at 19:15. With the binoculars, I could easily
see the long, dark upturned beak and, also, a pale patch of feathers at the
base of the beak. I estimated the height of the birds as about 18 inches. The
legs were slaty. They were still at rest but all three were standing at this
time. One bird was facing away from me at this time and the back pattern
consisted of a white triangle at the base of the neck, then a black V extending
down the edge of the wings, a white V, then another black V. I observed the
birds for 15 minutes this time, leaving the site at 19:30. Skies were clear and
light was good on both occasions.
The ash disposal pond in which the birds were resting is, roughly, a long
triangle. The base, running NE x SW is approximately 250 yards long. The
sides, running approximately N & S and NE x SW are approximately 800
yards long. The pond is surrounded by a dyke made of ash and cinders, the
dyke being approximately 25 feet high on the SW side. Old Hickory Lake
borders the SW side. There are a few drowned willow and cottonwood tops
inside the pond and scattered cottonwood and willows around it. The pond
is a settling basin for slag and ash and has a delta, or bar, of ash extending
out into the water approximately half way between the base and apex on
the NE side. The American Avocets were resting on the edge of this bar.
Ash and slag enter the pond through a 10 inch pipe about 8 feet above the
level of the bar. However, nothing was being discharged into the pond at
this time.
I made a second call to my wife to tell her the birds were definitely
American Avocets. Meanwhile, she had checked H. E. Parmer’s ^^Birds of
the Nashville Area” and found that there was only one previous record in the
Nashville area. We felt that other birders should be notified so she called a
number of local people and, also, Carol Knauth of Nashville. I made the neces-
sary arrangements to have visitors admitted to the plant grounds at 05:30 the
next morning.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
77
At the crack of down, we were met at the steam plant gate by Katherine
Goodpasture, Harry Monk, Mike Bierly and Roger Harshaw from Nashville
and Dr. and Mrs. James Thomas and Mr. and Mrs. Leland Scott from Gallatin.
I was highly embarrassed to find that the Avocets had "flown the coop.”
Subsequent investigation showed that the ash disposal pumps at the steam
plant had been changed at 0 5:00-, which resulted in a 10 inch stream of ash
and slag-laden water being discharged into the settling basin some 5 0 to 60
yards from where the American Avocets were resting. I feel that this sudden
cascade of water into the immediate vicinity caused the birds to take flight.
Mr. Harry Monk advises me that American Avocets have been reported
only seven times prior to this in Tennessee and that this is the first spring
sighting.
Paul Crawford, Route 4, Gallatin, Tennessee 37066.
CLIFF SWALLOWS NESTING IN GRAINGER COUNTY — On
5 June 1970, Maurice Grigsby and I noticed several Cliff Swallows
lidon pyrrhonota) flying around the W. P. Harrell Bridge in Grainger County,
Tennessee. From the bank we were able to count about 2 5 Cliff Swallow nests.
On 7 June 1970, Morris Williams, Albert Baugus and I returned to make a
more thorough determination of the Cliff Swallow status in Grainger County.
On Highway 11 W in Bean Station we counted 30 Cliff Swallow nests under
the bridge at Briar Fork Creek embayment on Cherokee Lake. We returned
to the W. P. Harrell Bridge and rented a boat. This time we counted 67
nests. At Cherokee Dam we found no nests around the dam itself but found
9 nests under the J. K. Shields Bridge just below Cherokee Dam.
On 20 June 1970, my wife and I checked bridges and culverts along
Highway llW through Grainger County and into Hawkins County. We also
checked Highway 25 A from its junction with llW to Morristown, Tennes-
see. We found 24 nests under the Shields Creek Bridge, 39 nests under a bridge
across a small arm of Cherokee Lake two miles further east and 47 nests under
another small bridge four miles east of the Shields Creek Bridge. These last
three bridges are in the vicinity of Bean Station as was the Briar Fork Creek
Bridge. A total of 214 Cliff Swallow nests were found in Grainger County and
two nests, which were located on the south end of the J. K. Shields Bridge in
Jefferson County.
This is the fourth location that has been reported for nesting Cliff Swallows
in East Tennessee. Ben Coffey first reported Cliff Swallows nesting in East
Tennessee in the Chattanooga area {The Migrant 13:47-48). Adele West
summarized the Cliff Swallow status in the Chattanooga area in The Migrant
32:37-40. Herndon {The Migrant 18:44-45) reported finding 30 Cliff Swal-
low nests in the Siam Community of Carter County. Also The Migrant (in
Press) reports the location of 14 nests in western Knox County and two nests
in Blount County.
Under most of the bridges in Grainger County there were many old mud
rings indicating that the Cliff Swallows had used these sites prior to 1970.
We noticed that several of the nests that were in use were in poor condition.
On several of the nests there was a thin ring of moist, dark colored mud which
[VoL. 41, 1970]
78
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
had recently been deposited. In one case my wife and I watched one Cliff
Swallow collect mud from a near-by mud bank and deposit the mud pellets
around a gaping hole in its nest. This one particular run-down nest actually
had young in it.
Gary O. Wallace, Department of Zoology, The University of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville 37916.
CLIFF SWALLOWS NESTING IN KNOX COUNTY — Cliff Swallows
(Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) have been observed as spring (5 April-20 May)
and fall (18 Aug.- 12 Sept.) migrants in Knox County, Tennessee for many
years (Howell, J. C. and Muriel B. Monroe. 1957. "The Birds of Knox County,
Tennessee”. Journal of the Tenn. Acad, of Set. 32(4):277.)
Noting there were no nesting records of this species for the county many of
us have searched in late spring and early summer for the mud nests of this
swallow. On the morning of 16 May
1970 these efforts bore success for Jim
Campbell, Morris Williams, and me. We
located nests both completed and under
active construction by Cliff Swallows
beneath two bridges approximately three
miles apart on Turkey Creek Rd. near
Concord in southwest Knox County.
This constitutes the first nesting rec-
ord of this species for this county.
Both bridges are concrete structures
with underframing composed of concrete
beams set at right angles to each other.
The nests were attached to the under-
side of the bridges where the supporting
beams met forming solid supports on two
sides and above. Two nests were observed to be completed, or nearly so, under
the bridge at the east end of Turkey Creek Rd., while only one of the four
under the bridge at the west end of Turkey Ck. Rd. was completed. The other
nests were in various stages of construction with the swallows actively carry-
ing mud from the banks of the nearby pond and lake to the nest sites. The
flask-shaped mud nests were about 8 feet above the water.
I photographed the nests under the western bridge on 18 May and found
the colony had increased to eight nests. On 20 M,ay the nest construction
under the other bridge was checked and found to consist of six nests.
On 23 May, 1970 Dr. and Mrs. James T. Tanner found two additional
Cliff Swallow nests along with six nests of the Barn Swallow {Hirundo
rustica) under the Stock Creek bridge in south-Central Knox County.
Fred J. Alsop, III, Dept, of Zoology and Entomology, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, 37916.
SWAINSON’S WARBLER TOWER CASUALTY— On the morning of
15 October, 1969, after a low overcast night, I found a hatching year
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
79
Swainson’s Warbler under the Olive Hill micro-wave tower. I froze the
bird and sent it to the T.O.S. Curator, Mr. Ganier. He reports that it
was a very fat female measuring: length 142 mm., wing chord 68 mm., and
tail 49 mm.
While Swainson’s Warblers are frequently seen at Memphis and Reelf oot
Lake they are very rare in Middle Tennessee, with only two records in
Henry Parmer’s Birds of the Nashville Area (1969 edition).
At the same tower on the same date, eight other birds were collected:
2 Yellow-billed Cuckoos; 1 Tennessee, 2 Chestnut-sided, and 3 Bay-breasted
Warblers.
Michael Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
RED CROSSBILLS AT BASIN SPRING. About noon on 22 November
1969, eight Red Crossbills {Loxia curvirostra) flew into Virginia pines (Pinus
virginiana) at Basin Spring, settling on the cones to feed.
There was opportunity for deliberate observation. Mel Garland and I to-
gether identified the crossbills. Attention was first attracted to the birds by
a single unfamiliar call note. Brick-red plumaged birds, at least one reddish
orangy one and birds with greenish plumage were noted. They had dark un-
barred wings and an indefinite watered sort of pattern on the back. Charac-
teristic crossed bills could be resolved when they were silhouetted against the
clear blue sky. The birds fed hanging at all angles from the pine cones. They
moved from one tree to another, calling in flight.
The flock was present from noon until dusk 22 November, and on the
following day, 23 November, at least 9 birds were present from 08:00 until
dusk. On the second day several people were able to study the birds through
binoculars and telescopes. At one time, 5 brick-red individuals were in one
binocular field. The birds were not found mid-afternoon of the third day and
have not been seen since.
As far as I can determine, this is the first published record of Red Cross-
bills in Middle Tennessee. Feeding in the same pines with the crossbills and
nearby were 3 Red-breasted Nuthatches {Sitta canadensis), 2 White-breasted
Nuthatches {^tta carolinensisi) , about 25 Pine Siskins (Spinus pinus), a few
American Goldfinches {Spinus tristis). Golden-crowned Kinglets {Keguliis
satrapa), and Cedar Waxwings {Bomby cilia cedrorum).
Katherine A. Goodpasture, 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville.
OREGON JUNCO IN NASHVILLE — On 7 January 1970 Pauline
Miller observed and identified an Oregon Junco {Junco oreganus) feeding
with Slate-colored Juncos (Junco hyemalis) , Purple Finches (Carpodacus
purpureus) , Pine Siskins (Spinu^s pinus). Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla)
and other wintering birds on Croley Drive inside the city of Nashville. Mrs.
Miller called other members of TOS to confirm identification and to study
this out-of-the-ordinary visitor.
Plumage characters of this junco were so well established no concessions
needed to be made on its identification. It had a sharply marked black-appear-
[VoL. 41, 1970]
80
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
ing head and bib with an easily distinguished hind-neck line between black
and tannish black. A like-sharp edge marked the angle between its black
bib and buffy side. Its beak was light or pinkish. The Oregon Junco seemed
at first wary, it tended to feed somewhat separated from the other birds. It
came to feed
early in the
morning for a
short time then
retired, return-
ing in 3 or 4
hours to feed
again. Even-
tually it came
frequently to a
window feeder
within 3 feet
of people and
cameras. It
could often be
observed o n
the ground in a hedge row at the side of the yard or could be flushed from
a next-door weed patch. It was observed at the feeding station every day from
7 January through 9 March after which it was not recorded.
On 11 February 1970 it was trapped and banded by Katherine Goodpas-
ture. With the bird in hand it was noted that 4 middle coverts had dull
whitish tips to the outer vanes and that there was only a faint suggestion of
lightness on the tips of greater coverts. These marks gave some pattern to the
folded wing but did not make wing bars. Two outer rectrices on both sides
were full white; the next inner rectrix on both sides was more than half white.
Its wing chord measured 78mm which is not larger than some Slate-colored
Juncos. The back was described as being quite tannish; the beak was pinkish
with dark upper tip.
To our knowledge this is the first established record of an Oregon Junco
for the Nashville area or the central portion of the state.
It is interesting that on 1 March 1970 Amelia Laskey identified an un-
banded Oregon Junco in her yard. It fed there long enough for her to study
it very carefully with binoculars. A few days later, 11 March 1970, Katherine
Goodpasture had an unhanded Oregon Junco feeding at her station. These two
stations are about half a mile apart; Mrs. Miller’s station is about 6 miles away.
On a field trip, 14 March, to the Kingston Springs area 20 to 2 5 miles west
Mrs. Miller saw an Oregon Junco with a large flock of Slate-colored Juncos in
a close cropped pasture.
Being aware of very great variation in the amounts of brown, of pinkish
and of buffy and in the intensities of black and gray in both Junco hyemalis
and Junco oregamis including the western Slate-colored {Junco h. cismontanus)
which we see occasionally, we judged the above described junco to be clearly
Junco oregamis.
Pauline Miller, 573 Croley Drive, Nashville.
Katherine A. Goodpasture, 3407 Hopkins Lane, Nashville.
rVoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
81
TENNESSEE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MEETING
October 10, 1970
The Board of Directors of the Tennessee Ornithological Society met at
13:15 on Saturday 10 October at the Holiday Hills Resort in Crossville, Ten-
nessee. Fourteen directors were present representing all active chapters with
the exception of Murfreesboro and there were about 75 members in all present
at this open meeting of the board. The minutes of the previous meeting at
Reelfoot Lake in May 1970 were approved as printed in The Migrant.
The nominating committee reported that it had not as yet found a nomi-
nee for the position of Editor, but was continuing to seek such individual.
There was a lengthy discussion of The Migrant including its purpose, content,
and format. Most of the members and directors present favored the retention
of Christmas and Spring counts and the season report within the body of
The Migrant but there was considerable discussion of "The Season” report and
its format with a view toward making it more readable. Several members felt
that more articles should be included in The Migrant aimed primarily at the
interest of the many non-professional "backyard birders” who are members of
our society. A number of differing viewpoints were heard but it was felt that
final decisions should await the election of the new Editor next May 1971. A
motion was made, seconded, and passed directing the Editorial Advisory Com-
mittee to study and make recommendations for the consideration of the new
Editor concerning ways In which The Migrant might be strengthened and
improved for the benefit of the total membership of the society.
Dr. Mayfield reported that the North Carolina Society had written him
in regard to the possibility of a joint meeting with the Carolina Society as early
as May 1971. This of course is not possible because of our commitment to
meet jointly with the Kentucky Ornithological Society at that time. This
matter was referred to the President-elect and future officers for their con-
sideration.
Because of the presence of nearly 80 members at this fall meeting, it was
felt by the board that interest was sufficient to justify the continuation of a
fall meeting of the Tennessee Ornithological Society in a moderately conven-
ient location between Crossville, Tennessee and Jackson, Tennessee.
There was a discussion of the June foray for 1971 under the leadership
of Mr. Fred Alsop. Final details were left with Mr. Alsop, but the location of
the foray was tentatively planned for Campbell County (after Big South Fork
of the Cumberland was ruled out as too inaccessible). The second week-end
of 10-13 June (Thursday-Sunday) was chosen as the time for the foray.
The meeting was adjourned at about 14:30.
— George R. Mayfield, Jr.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
82
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGE
I believe it was the concensus of those who attended the Fall meeting at
Crossville that this first Fall meeting of the TOS was a success. A number of
important issues and future plans were discussed as outlined in the minutes of
the Board of Directors, printed elsewhere in this issue. Seventy-eight of our
members and fourteen directors from all chapters except one were in attend-
ance. Several excellent papers were presented mostly dealing with the theme
of conservation in Tennessee. Particularly important
among these were the present court battle to save
the wildlife habitat in the Obion bottoms of West
Tennessee and the case for saving the Obed River
and the Big South Fork of the Cumberland in their
free-flowing wild condition ably presented by Bill
and Diane Russell, two of the prime movers of the
Tennessee Citizen for Wilderness Planning. I urge
all of our members to join other such societies de-
voted to the preservation of wilderness and wildlife
habitat in Tennessee and actively pursue this cause.
Plans are progressing well for our 10-13 June,
1971 foray to be held in Campbell County under the
direction of Fred Alsop. All interested members are
urged to participate and to contact Fred if they
have any questions about this event.
I am sure that many of our members will want to attend our first joint
meeting with the Kentucky Society at Mammoth Cave, Ky. 30 April and 1-2
May, 1971. A joint liaison committee is working on plans for this important
event headed by Mr. John Ellis of Nashville for the TOS. Among the other
features of the program will be our own founder and curator Mr. Albert
Ganier, who will speak at the banquet. If by chance you do not receive a
mailing of information regarding this meeting, you should make reservations
at least one month in advance, if you plan to attend. The Mayfield family
looks forward to seeing as many of you as possible at Mammoth Cave.
George R. Mayfield, Maury County Hospital, Columbia, 38401.
— ^George R. Mayfield, Jr.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
83
THE SEASON
Lee R. Herndon, Editor
The temperature was about normal for the period. Rainfall was excessive
for both August and October, the latter month usually being the driest of the
year. The October rainfall as recorded by TVA was 5.3 inches, average for the
state. Normal rainfall for October is about half that amount. This was the
wettest October since 1949.
The draw-down of TVA lakes was earlier and greater than normal because
of excessive electrical power demands, due to a coal shortage and a threatened
coal strike. This condition provided the most favorable habitat for shore birds
that we have ever had, as evidenced by the unprecedented species, as well as
numbers of individuals, as reported subsequently, particularly from the Central
Plateau and Basin and Eastern Ridge and Valley Regions.
Early reports of rareties and the transmission of news of these finds, ap-
parently attracted more observers into the field than is usually the case.
WESTERN COASTAL PLAIN Loon-Sparrows: Common
Loon: 15 Oct. (2) HPL (RWM). Horned Grebe: 15 Oct. (4) HPL (RWM),
30 Oct. (2) LW (BC, LC). Double-crested Cormorant: 6 Dec. (1) DR
(DM). Anhinga: 1 Nov. (1) HSL (QBD). Common Egret: 26 Nov. to 6
Dec. (2 to 8) DR (DM). Common Goldeneye: 28 Nov. (8) BS (DM).
Golden Eagle: 15 Nov. (1) BS (DM), 21 Nov. (1) and 6 Dec. (2) DR
(DM). Bald Eagle: 26 Nov. (1) and 6 Dec. (6) DR (DM). Sandhill Crane:
27 Sept. (1) Hoxie, Ark. (HD). Franklin’s Gull: 6 Dec. (1) DR (DM).
Bonaparte’s Gull: 21 Nov. (3) P (DM). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher: 26 Sept.
(1) MFS (DB). Tree Swallow: 18 Oct. (500,000) Reelfoot (AS and Memphis
Chapter members). Winter Wren: 28 Nov. (1) H (DM). Hermit Thrush:
20 Sept. (1) MFS (HD). Bobolink: 11 Sept, (60) Marion, Ark. (BC, LC).
White-throated Sparrow: 4 Oct. (1) Overton Park and (2) Shelby Forest
Park.
Locations: BS — Big Sandy Wildlife Refuge, DR — Duck River Wildlife
Refuge, H — Observer’s Home, HPL — Herb Parsons Lake (Fayette County),
HSL—Horseshoe Lake (Crittendon County Arkansas). LW — Lake Wapanocca
Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, MFS — Memphis Area, P — ^Paris Area.
Observers: DB — David Brown, BC and LC — Ben and Lula Coffee, HD —
Henry and Helen Dinkelspiel, QBD — Quentin B. and Frances Dowdy, RWM —
Robert W. McGowan, DM — Don and Gina Manning, AS — Dr. and Mrs, Arlo
Smith.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
84
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
David E. Patterson, Harbert Hills Academy, Savannah 3 8372.
CENTRAL PLATEAU AND BASIN REGION— Loons -Ducks: Common
Loon: out of season, 11 June (1) OHL (PC). Horned Grebe: late, first being
(1) 24 Oct. OHL (MLB, ROH). Pied-billed Grebe: first, 8 Aug. (1) CL
(MLB, ROH). Great Blue Heron: mid July to mide Sept. (1-9) ACM (JNR,
HR, MLB), otherwise scarce. Green Heron: (1-2) until 25 Sept. LD (RTH),
11 Oct. (1) PPL (MLB) last report. Little Blue Heron: from 8 Aug. (22)
down to (1) 18 Sept. ACM (JNR, HR, MLB), 13 Sept. (1) LD (RTH).
Common Egret: 26 and 27 Sept. (3) PPL (ROH, MLB), 10 Oct. (8) there
(ROH). Black-crowned Night Heron: 2 Aug. (16) BV (MLB), 8 Aug. (26)
ACM (JNR, MLB), down to (5) BV 13 Sept. (JNR, MLB). Canada Goose:
27 Sept. (15) PPL (ROH) could have been locally nesting birds, 1 Oct. (18)
WB (MSW, VWH). Blue and Snow Geese: 19 Oct. a mixed flock of (2P00)
BSU, most gone within 3 days (GNB). Gadwall: 13 Oct. (2) LD (RTH),
24 Oct. (2) PPL (ROH, MLB). Pintail: 13 Sept. (2) BV (JNR, MLB), 4
days earliest NA, next 16 Oct. (12) ACM, (AT). Green-winged Teal: first,
11 Oct. (1) ACM (MLB). Blue-winged Teal: 27 Sept. (1300-j-) PPL (ROH,
MLB), 28 Sept. (8) LD (RTH), last a late bird, 18 Oct. (1) BV (MLB).
American Widgeon: 27 Sept. (3) PPL (ROH, MLB), one day earliest NA.
Shoveler: 13 Sept. (2) BV (JNR, MLB), extremely early, then 19 Sept. (3)
ACM (JNR, HR). Ring-necked Duck: first, 16 Oct. (18) RL (AT). Lesser
Scaup: 19 Oct. (8) RL (LOT). Ruddy Duck: 16 Oct. (1) RL (AT), by 4
days earliest NA. Hooded Merganser: 16 Oct. (2) RL (AT), 12 days ear-
liest NA.
Vultu^res-Llovers: Turkey Vulture: 15 Aug. (30) ACM (JNR, HR, AT).
Black Vulture: 17 Oct. (50) WB (FB). Sharp-shinned Hawk: 11 Aug., 29
Sept., 15 Oct. (1) LD (RTH)"' Cooper’s Hawk: 2 5 Sept, and 31 Oct. (1)
LD (RTH), 26 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Red-tailed Hawk: scarcity of reports
pathetic! Broad-winged Hawk: unusual NA was (HI) in 3 flocks 26 Sept.
PPL (ROH, MLB). Bald Eagle: 3 Oct. (1) CHL (FB, MCW) ’L Osprey:
early was (1) 5 and 6 Sept. GSP (PC), 30 Sept. (1) LD (RTH), several
reports NA Sandhill Crane: 17 Oct. (24) Wartburg (Don Todd fide RH),
none seen BT. Sora Rail: 13 Sept., (1), 23 Sept. (1) both BV, 25 Sept. (1)
ACM., all (JNR, MLB). Yellow Rail: 31 Oct. (1), a casualty WSM-TV tower
(ARL). American Coot: 1 Aug. (3) PPL (ROH), 2 Aug. (1) BV (JNR),
17 Aug. (1) RL (MOW), 13 thru 30 Oct. to (450) LD (RTH), 31 Oct.
(1450) WR (MCW), (450) end of period RL (AT). Semipalmated Plover:
1 Aug. (3) ACM (JNR, HR), 9 Aug. (4) BL (JNR, MLB), 30 Aug. and
6 Sept. (1) ACM (JNR, HL, MLB), 4 Sept. (4) GSP (PC). Killdeer: 8 Aug.
(78) BL (MLB, ROH). American Golden Plover: 13 Sept. (2) BV (JNR,
HR, MLB), 18 Oct. (1) BV (MLB). Black-bellied Plover: 10 Oct. (1) PPL
(ROH).
Sandpipers: Common Snipe: early, 13 Sept. (3) BV (JNR, MLB). Upland
Plover: 8 Aug. (5) down to (1) 23 Aug. BL (ROH, MLB, JNR, HR).
Spotted: late was (1) 31 Oct. CL (MLB) and (1) WR (MCW, HMc).
Solitary: 15 Sept. (1) BV (KAG) last report, 8 Aug. (10) ACM (JNR, HR)
was largest number reported. Greater Yellowlegs: 8 Aug. (1) BV (MLB,
ROH), was 5 days earliest NA, last 18 Oct. (1) BV (MLB). Lesser Yellow-
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
85
legs: 2 thru 18 Aug. (4) BL, 23 Aug. thru 19 Sept. (4) ACM, both (JNR,
HL), last was (2) CL 24 Oct. (ROH, MLB). Pectoral: (7) thru 19 Sept.
ACM (JNR, HR), last 24 Oct. (1) PPL (ROH, MLB). Baird’s: 12 thru
23 Sept. (1) ACM (MLB et.al). Least: 2 Aug. (3) BV (JNR, HR) to 31
Oct. (5) CL (MLB), seen several locations NA with (15) largest number.
Dunlin: 18 Oct. (3) BV (MLB). Dowitcher (species?): 23 and 30> Aug. (2)
ACM (JNR, HR). Stilt: 12 Sept, thru 3 Oct. (2-4-1) ACM (TOS, NA),
26 Sept. (6) BL (HEP). Semipalmated: 2 Aug. (6) BV, then 30 Aug. (13)
to 19 Sept. (2) ACM, all (JNR, HR). "NVestern: 6 thru 19 Sept. (2-3-1)
ACM (JNR, HR, MLB). Buff-breasted: 2 Sept. (1) GSP (PC), 8 and 9 Sept.
(1) BL (JNR, HR plus TOS group), then 13 Sept, a remarkable flock of
(10) BV (JNR, HR, MLB). Avocet: 4 Sept. (8-10) PPL (Watson Bradley
fide MLB). Red Phalarope: 26 Sept. (1) PPL (MLB, ROH), second NA rec-
ord. Wilson’s Phalarope: 18 thru 26 Sept. (1) ACM (JNR, HR, MLB et.al).
26 Sept. (1) BL (HEP).
Gulls-Flycatchers: Herring Gull: first 24 Oct. (3) OHL (ROH, MLB).
Ring-billed Gull: first 24 Oct. (17) OHL (ROH, MLB), 29 Oct. (6) CHL
(LOT). Forster’s Tern: late, 26 Sept. (8) PPL (ROH, MLB). Caspian Tern:
unusual were 3 records NA, 19 Sept. (3) OHL (MLB, WmS), 26 Sept. (3)
PPL (ROH, MLB), 11 Oct. (3) ChL (MLB), 20 days latest NA. Black Tern:
23 Aug. (7) OHL (MLB), 26 Sept. (9), 27 Sept. (3) PPL (ROH, MLB),
2 days latest NA. Black-billed Cuckoo: 30 Sept. (1) LD (RTFl)’L Owls: al-
most no reports. Chuck-will’s-widow: 30 Aug. (1) singing BT (RH)’^ Whip-
poor-will: 24 Sept. (1) singing BT (RH), 25 Sept. (1) BS (KAG). Common
Nighthawk: 3 Sept. (700), 4 Sept. (675) west NA (MLB), 2 Oct. (1)
H (JNR), 7 Oct. (1) WB (FB) last report. Chimney Swift: late was 21 Oct.
(200) downtown NA (LOT) Ruby-throated Hummingbird: last report, 18
Oct. (1) H (ART). Red-headed Woodpecker: 2 and 13 Sept. (2) WSM-TV
area (JNR, HR). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: first, 20 Sept. (1) BT (RH), 28
Sept. (1) cas. WSM-TV (ARL), 1 Oct. (3) WB (FB). Eastern Kingbird:
last report, 26 Sept. (1) RL (JNR, HR). Great Crested Flycatcher: late, 27
Sept. (1) H (LOT). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 5 Sept. (1) banded WSM-TV
(JNR, HR). Least Flycatcher: 7 Sept. (1) banded BS (KAC)’’* Wood Pewee:
late, 14 Oct. (1) LD (RTH), 17 Oct. (1) AL (CRM), 25 Oct. (1) banded
BS (KAG), 2 days latest NA. Olive-sided Flycatcher: 29 Sept. (1) WB (FB)
9 days later than NA record.
Swallows-Vireos: Tree Swallow: 26 Sept. (7) FV (JOE)’’* Rough-winged
Swallow: 11 Oct. (4) ACM (MLB), ties NA late date. Barn Swallow: 8 Aug.
(72) ACM (JNR, HR) shows normal migration time NA, 24 Oct. (1) PPL
(Rc5H) is 3 days latest NA. Cliff Swallow: 1 Aug. (100) ChL (JNR, HR),
23 Aug. (2) ACM (JNR) last report. Purple Martin: 23 Aug. (3 50) NA
(MLB), last 26 Sept. (2) PPL (ROH, MLB). Brown Creeper: early, 11 Oct.
(1) RL (MLB), first BT (1) 27 Oct. (RH). House Wren: 2 Aug. (1) H
carrying nesting material (MD), 3 Oct. (3) banded WSM-TV (JNR, HR),
last NA 8 Oct. (1) H (MLB), 13, 21 Oct. (1) H WB (FB). Winter Wren:
early, 1 Oct. (1) banded BS (KAG), Bewick’s Wren: 29 Sept. (1) banded H
(HR) ’‘L Long-billed Marsh Wren: 28 Sept. (21) casualties WSM-TV (ARL)!
Then 2 Nov. (1) there, 1 days latest NA. Swainson’s Thrush from 10 Sept.
(1) H (SB) to 20 Oct. (1) RL (AT) Gray-cheeked Thrush: from 14 Sept.
(1) H (SB) to 11 Oct. (1) CHL (CRM). Veery: from 6 Sept. (1) banded
[VoL. 41, 1970]
86
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
BS (KAG) to 4 Oct. (1) WB (FB). Eastern Bluebird: 10 Oct. an unusual
flock of (67) SHV (KAG, JCO), down to (18) 22 Oct. (KAG), (3-18)
daily in Oct. LD (RTH). Golden-crowned Kinglet: early, 4 Oct. (7) WB
(FB). Ruby-crowned Kinglet: 11 Sept. (1) MBP (AC) ties earliest NA
record, then 13 Sept. (1) H (AT). Water Pipit: very early, 13 Sept. (50)
NA (LOT). Cedar Waxwing: 30 Sept. (3) RL (MLB), 20 Oct. (16) BT
(RH), 11-31 Oct. (15-85) LD (RTH). Red-eyed Vireo: late was (1) 18
Oct. H(CWF).
Warblers: Prothonotary: late, 26 Sept. (2) RL (JNR, HR). Swainson’s:
28 Sept. (2) WSM-TV (ARL), first NA casualties. Worm-eating: also late,
26 Sept. (1) RL (JNR, HR). Brewster’s (Hybrid): 7 Sept. (1) banded BS
(KAG). Tennessee: very early was (1) window casualty BT (RH), 3 Sept.
(1) WB (FB), 6 Sept. (1) H (CWF) and (3) BS (KAG), late was last re-
port, 31 Oct. (1) H (MLB). Nashville: early was (1) banded 6 Sept. WSM-
TV (JNR, HR), and (1) WB (FB), then last were (1) banded CW (JNR,
HR) 18 Oct. and (1) RL (MLB). Parula: last 3 Oct. (2) WB (FB). Mag-
nolia: early, 3 Sept. (3) WB (FB), late, 21 Oct. (1) H (HR). Myrtle: very
early, 19 Sept. (1) WB (MCW), then 26 Sept. (2) RL (JNR, HR). Black-
throated Green: observers feel there were far more than the past few years.
From 6 Sept. (3) BS (KAG, MLB)) to 30 Oct. (1) H Columbia (DG).
Blackburnian: from 4 Sept. (1) WB (FB) to 18 Oct. (1) RL (MLB). Chest-
nut-sided: from 6 Sept. (2) WB (FB) and (1) BS (KAG, MLB) to 15 Oct.
(1) H (HR). Palm: from 27 Sept. (1) banded WSM-TV (JHR, HR) to 22
Oct. (5) WB (FB) and 24 Oct. (1) CL (MLB). Ovenbird: 28 Sept. (625)
casualties WSM-TV (ARL), then late was (1) 16 Oct. WB (FB). Connecti-
cut: 17 Sept. (1) H (CWF). Mourning: 4 Sept. (1) banded BS (KAG), 13
Oct. (1) H WB (FB). Yellowthroat: 1 Aug. (18) ACM (JNR, HR), last
13 Oct. (1) WB (FB). Wilson’s: from 28 Aug. (2) WB (FB) to 17 Oct.
(1) AL (GRM) and 18 Oct. (1) H (RE). Canada: 16 Aug. (1) banded
BS (KAG), 1 day earliest NA, to 26 Sept. (1) RL (JNR, HR).
Bobolinks-Sparrows: Bobolink 28 Sept. (1) tower cas. WB (FB)’L Orchard
Oriole: last report, 12 Aug. (5) (KAG, MLB). Baltimore Oriole: last, 12 Sept.
(2) BS (MG). Rusty Blackbird: 16 Oct. (1) H (AT), 4 days earliest NA, 17
Oct. (3) PPL (ROH). Scarlet Tanager: 15 Aug. (1) banded BS (KAG),
(1-5) imma. until 20 Oct. BT (RH), 9 to 23 Oct. (4) WB (FB). Summer
Tanager: last report, 16 Oct. (2) H (AT). Western Tanager: 21 Oct. (1)
H WB (FB) (3rd report for the State, but each a hypothetical record as but
one observer each time) . Rose-breasted Grosbeak: from 15 Sept. (2) BT (RH)
to 22 Oct. (1) WB (FB). Largest numbers were (22) 26 Sept, to a peak of
(190) 29 Sept., then down to (21) 2 Oct. WB (MCW). Blue Grosbeak: 12
Aug. (8) SHV (KAG), (7) during Aug., Sept. WB (FB). Savannah Spar-
row: early, 7 Sept. (2) RH (SB), 12 Sept. (1) ACM (MLB). Vesper Sparrow:
early, 15 Oct. (2) WB (FB), (3) there (MCW). Lark Sparrow: 23 Aug.
(1) ACM (JNR)’L Slate-colored Junco: early, 1 Oct. (10) WB (MCW), first
NA 17 Oct. (1) BS (KAG). White-crowned Sparrow: first 7 Oct. (2) WB
(FB), 18 Oct. (12) OHL (PC) and (2) BV (MLB). White-throated Spar-
row: first 1 Oct. (1) BS (KAG), 16 Oct. CV by both (RTH, TT), 18 Oct.
(4) BT (RH). Fox Sparrow: 29 Oct. (1) H (AT)’L Lincoln’s Sparrow: 11
Oct. (1) BS (KAG), 17 Oct. (1) AL (GRM). Swamp Sparrow: first, 4 Oct.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
87
(9) BV (MLB). Song Sparrow: 14 Aug. (1) McMinnville, then late NA
(1) 22 Oct. BS (KAG), 13 Oct. (1) LD (RTH).
NOTE — the asterisk is to denote that only one report for the species was
received by the writer.
Locations: ACM — ^Ashland City Marsh, AL — Arrow Lake, BE — Bush Lake,
BS — Basin Springs, BSU — Big Sandy Unit, Tenn. Nat’l. Wildlife Refuge, BT —
Byrdstown, BV — Buena Vista Marsh, CL — ^^Coleman’s Lake, CHL — Center Hill
Lake, ChL Cheatham Lake, CW — Cheekwood, CV — Cookville, FV — Fernvale,
GSP — ^Gallatin Steam Plant, upper OHL, H — home area, LD — ^Lillydale, upper
Dale Hollow Lake, MBP — Montgomery Bell Park, NA — a 25 mile radius Nash-
ville, OHL — Old Hickory Lake, PPL — Percy Priest Lake, RH — Rabbit Hill,
RL — Radnor Lake, SHV — South Harpeth Valley, TOS^ — Tennessee Ornitho-
logical Society, WB— -Woodbury, WR— Woods Reservoir, WSM-TV— TV
tower and nearby area.
Observers: SB — Sue Bell, MLB — Mike L. Bierly, GNB — Gary N. Burke,
FB — Frances Bryson, PC — ^Paul Crawford, AC — Annella Creech, MD — ^Mil-
brey Dugger, RE— Roy Elliott III, JOE— John O. Ellis, CWF— Clara W.
Fentress, MG — Mel Garlan, DG — Dan Gray, Jr., KAG — Katherine A. Good-
pasture, ROH — Roger O Harshaw, RH — Robbie Hassler, RTH — ^Roy T.
Hinds, VWH — ^Mrs. W. S. Hite, ARL — Amelia R. Laskey, GRM — George R.
Mayfield, Jr., HMc — Henrietta McCrary, JCO — John C. Ogden, JNR, HR —
John and Heather Riggins, Wm — William Senter, AT — ^Ann Tarbell, TT —
Thelma Tinnin, LOT — Laurence O. Trabue, MCW — Mary C. Wood.
Henry E. Parmer, 3 800 Richland Ave., Nashville 37205.
EASTERN RIDGE AND VALLEY KLGIO'H— Grebes-? heasant: Pied-
billed Grebe: first, 24 Aug. (1) K (FJA, JMC, RME, CAM, GW). Little
Blue Heron: 1 to 31 Aug. (1 to 7) HRA (KD). Cattle Egret: 8 Oct. (1)
LC (KD). Common Egret: 1 Aug. to 26 Oct. (1 to 35) HRA (KD), 16
Aug. (4) CC (JMC, JCH). Louisiana Heron: 10 to 24 Aug. (1) HRA (KD,
LD, JMC, LS). Black-crowned Night Heron: 12 Aug. (2) K (GB, JB, JMC).
Yellow-crowned Night Heron: 4 Aug. (2) M (JMC, CAM, EM, GW).
American Bittern: 16 Sept. (1) AM (KD). Canada Goose: first, 28 Sept.
(17) HRA (WiC). Snow Goose: max. 25 Oct. (5) HRA (COS, KOS). Blue
Goose: max. 26 Oct. (27) HRA (KD). Mallard: first, 9 Aug. (6) K (JMC,
GW). Black Duck: first, 9 Aug. (6) K (JMC, GW). Sharp-shinned Hawk:
26 Aug. (1) SB (KD), 24 Sept. (1) Da (LS). Cooper’s Hawk: 18 Aug. (1)
Ja (LS), 12 Sept. (1) CC (JMC, JCH), 19 Oct. (1) HRA (KD). Marsh
Hawk: first, 28 Sept. (1) SeV (LS). Osprey: 1 Aug. thru 25 Oct. (1) HRA
(WiC). Ring-necked Pheasant: 18 Oct. (5) JC (PGR).
?lovers -Sand pipers: Semi-palmated Plover: first, 10 Aug. (10) CL (JMC,
JCH). Piping Plover: 4 Sept. (2) SB (KD). American Golden Plover: 7 Sept.
(1) K (JMC), 19 Oct. (3) SB (KD). Black-bellied Plover: 12 Aug. (2) K
(GB, JB, JMC, JE), 17 Sept. (1) KSP (FJA, JMC, CAM, JBO), 12 Oct.
(1) HRA (KD, TF). Ruddy Turnstone: 10 Sept. (1) KSP (BB), 16 Sept.
(1) K (JMC, JCH). American Woodcock: 3 Aug. (1) HRA (KD), 10 Sept.
(1) JC (PGR). Upland Plover: 8 Aug. (1) K (GB, JB), 24 Aug. (1) K
(FJA, JMC, RME, CAM, GW). Willet: 10 Aug. (3) K (GB, JB, JMC, JCH,
[VoL. 41, 1970]
88
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
CAM, GW). Greater Yellowlegs: last, 26 Oct. (1) HRA (KD). White-rumped
Sandpiper: 30i Aug. (2) and 11 Sept. (6) ChL (TK), 31 Aug. (2) HRA
(KD), 25 Oct. (1) HRA (BB, JMC, TK, JTT, COS, KOS). Dunlin: 11 Oct.
(2) HRA (KD), 14 Oct. (4) K (CAM, EM), max. 26 Oct. (100) HRA &
SB (KD). Short-billed Dowitcher: 23 thru 24 Aug. (1) K (JMC, KOS).
Dowitcher (species?) 31 Aug. (1) HRA (KD), 1 Sept. (1) HRA (KD),
4 Sept. (6) SB & HRA (KD), 5 Sept. (5) SB (LS). Stilt Sandpiper: 9 Aug.
(2) CL (JMC, JCH), 16 Aug. (1) K (GB, JB, JMC, RME), 19 Aug. (1)
HRA (JMC, GW), 23 Aug. (2) K (JMC, RME, EF, BL, LN, MS, GW,
BW, IW), 24 Aug. (9) HRA (KD), 31 Aug. (2) HRA (KD), 4 Sept. (6)
K (FJA), 10 Sept. (4) KSP (FJA, JMC), 16 Sept. (1) K (JMC, JCH).
Western Sa^ndpiper: 20 Aug. (2) HRA (LS), 23 Aug. (2) SB (KD), 26 Aug.
(1) HRA (FJA, JMC), 27 Aug. (1) K (GB, JB), 31 Aug. (2) HRA (KD),
10 Sept. (1) KSP (FJA, BB, JMC), 16 Sept. (4) K (JMC). Buff -breasted
Sandpiper: 30 Aug. to 10 Sept. (1 to 7) K (JMC, KOS), 10 Sept. (1) KSP
(BB), 13 Sept. (1) KSP (FJA, JMC). Marbled Godwit: 2 to 6 Sept. (1) SB
(KD, LS). Sanderling: 24 Aug. (1) HRA (ICD), 10 Sept. (9) KSP (FJA,
BB, JMC), 13 Sept. (5) KSP (FJA, JMC), 17 Sept. (1) KSP (FJA, JMC,
CAM, JBO) 19 Sept. (4) BRSP (JMC). American Avocet: 5 Sept. (1) K
(JMC, KOS). Red Phalarope: 20 Sept. (1) CL (JMC, JCH, CAM, NS, PS),
21 Sept. (1) CL (FJA, JBO, PP). Wilson’s Phalarope: 18 and 24 Aug. (2)
HRA (KD), 19 Aug. (2) HRA (JMC, GW), 1 Sept. (1) K (FJA, KOS).
Terns -War biers: Forster’s Tern: 12 Sept. (3) K (FJA, CAM). Common
Tern: first, 6 Sept. (1) SB (KD), max. 27 Sept. (150) K (KOS). Least Tern:
5 Sept. (1) K (JMC, KOS). Black Tern: first, 10 Aug. (1) K (GB, JB,
JMC, JCH, CAM, EM, GW). Barn Owl: thru period (1) AM (KD), 9 Sept.
(1) Da (LS). Barred Owl: 31 Oct. (1) NL (LS). Common Nighthawk:
max., 5 Sept. (600) K (FJA, JMC). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher: 21 Sept. (1)
JC (PGR). Olive-sided Flycatcher: 20 Sept. (1) CC (JB, JMC, JCH, CAM,
NS, PS), 21 Sept. (1) D (KD). House Wren: to 14 Aug. (2 adults, nest and
3 young) K (JS, LS). Short-billed Marsh Wren: 4 Aug. (2) M (JMC, CAM,
EM, GW), 4 to 26 Aug. (1 to 4) SB (KD). Philadelphia Vireo: 3 Oct. (1)
K (JMC, CAM, EM), 4 Oct. (1) K (FJA, CM), 4 Oct. (1) CC (JMC,
JCH). Black-throated Blue Warbler: 12 Sept. (1) CC (JMC, JCH). Black-
burnian Warbler: first, 12 Sept. (5) CC (JMC, JCH).
Locations: AM — Amnicola Marsh, BRSP — Bull Run Steam Plant, CC —
Campbell County, ChL — Cherokee Lake, CL — Cove Lake, D — ^Dunlap, Tenn.,
DA — Daus, Tenn., HRA — Hiwassee River Area, JA — Jasper, Tenn., JC —
Johnson City, K — Knoxville, KSP — Kingston Steam Plant, LC — ^Lookout Creek
(near Chattanooga), M — ^Maryville, Tenn., NL — Nickajack Lake, SB — Savan-
nah Bay, SeV — Sequatchie Valley.
Observers: FJA — Fred Alsop, BB — Benton Basham, GB — Gilbert Banner,
JB — Joshua Banner, JMC — James M. Campbell, WiC — Wilford Caraway, COS
— Chattanooga Chapter TOS, KD — Kenneth Dubke, LD — Lil (Mrs. Kenneth)
Dubke, JE— John Elson, RME— Ray M. (Danny) Ellis, EF— Elizabeth French,
TF — Tom Finucane, JCH — Joseph C. Howell, TK — Tony Koella, KOS —
Knoxville Chapter TOS, BL — Beth Lacy, CAM — ^Chester A. Massey, EM —
Eleanor (Mrs. Chester) Massey, LN — Louise Nunnally, JBO — J. B. Owen,
PP — Paul Pardue, PGR — Peter G. Range, LS — Lee Shafer, MS — -Mabel (Mrs.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
1970
THE MIGRANT
89
Kenneth) Sanders, JS — Johneta (Mrs. Louis) Smith, LS — Louis Smith, NS —
Nancy (Mrs. Phil) Sollins, PS — Phil Sollins, JTT — James T. Tanner, GW —
Gary Wallace, BW— Bill Williams, IW— Irene (Mrs. Bill) Williams.
James M. Campbell, 15 Hedgewood Drive, Knoxville 37918.
EASTERN MOUNTAIN REGION— Ducks -Hawks: Shoveler: 4 Oct. (3)
WiL (RM). Wood Duck: 10 Oct. (9) SHD (BR). Ring-necked Duck: 5
Oct. (3) WiL (GE). Lesser Scaup: 18 Oct. (1) WiL (LRH). Bufflehead:
present all summer (2) WiL (LRH, et.al.). Turkey Vulture: max. 20 Sept.
(13) LRF (FJA). Black Vulture: max. 20 Sept. (7) LRF (FJA). Sharp-
shinned Hawk: 2 5 Oct. (1) SHD (BR). Cooper’s Hawk: 20 Oct. (2) SHD
(BR). Red-tailed Hawk: 20 Sept. (2) LRE (FJA). Broad-winged Hawk: 20
Sept. (48) LRF (FJA), 9 Sept. (14) HC (MS). Marsh Hawk: 20 Sept. (1)
LRF (FJA), 23 Aug. (1) HC (MS). Osprey: 20 Sept. (2) LRF (FJA), 4
Oct. (1) SHD (BR, WC, PD).
Snipe-Veery: Common Snipe: 4 Oct. (1) E (GE). Solitary Sandpiper: 5
Sept. (1) RM (KD). Least Sandpiper: 7 Sept. (4) RC (PGR). Sanderling:
4 Oct. (1) RC (LRH, PGR, JM). Caspian Tern: 7 Oct. (7) RC (PGR).
Yellow-billed Cuckoo: 5 Oct. (1) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Chimney Swift: last
5 Oct. (4) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker: 4 Oct. (1) SHD
(BR). Tree Swallow: 20 Sept. (2) LRF (FJA). Bank Swallow: 13 Aug. (6)
SV (WC, BR, WB, JJ). Rough-winged Swallow: 20 Sept. (1) LRF (FJA).
Purple Martin: last 5 Sept. (2) RM (CRS). Raven: 5 Oct. (1) NG (FJA,
DJA, CM). Bewick’s Wren: banded, 8 Sept. (1) EGC (LRH). Veery: 6 Sept.
(5) RM (BR, et.al).
Yireo-Sparrow: Solitary Vireo: 5 Oct. (5) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Black-
and-white Warbler: 5 Oct. (2) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Tennessee Warbler:
5 Oct. (9) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Cape May Warbler: 5 Oct. (2) NG (FJA,
DJA, CM). Black-throated Green Wai^bler: 5 Oct. (8) NG (FJA, DJA, CM).
Chestnut-sided Warbler: 5 Oct. (3) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Bay-breasted
Warbler: 5 Oct. (5) NG (FJA, DJA, CM). Blackpoll Warbler: 5 Oct. (3)
NG (FJA, DJA, CM). American Redstart: 5 Oct. (8) NG (FJA, DJA, CM).
Boblink: 23 Sept. (2) HC (MS) , Rusty Blackbird: 20 Oct. (15) RM (FWB).
Purple Finch: banded 20 Sept. (1) EGC (LRH). Bachman’s Sparrow: banded
2 5 Sept. (1) EGC (LRH).
Locations: E — Elizabethton, EGC — Elizabethton Golf Course, HC — Heaton
Creek (near Roan Mountain), LRF — Look Rock Firetower (Blount County),
NG — Newfound Gap, Great Smoky Mountain National Park), RC — Roan
Creek, RM — Roan Mountain, SV — Shady Valley (Johnson County), SHR —
South Holston River just below dam, SHL — South Holston Lake, WiL — Wil-
ber Lake.
Observers: DJA — Delores Jean Alsop, FJA — Fred J. Alsop, III, FWB —
Fred W. Behrend, WB— Woody Boyd, WC— Wallace Coffey, PD— Pat Doyle,
KD — Kenneth Dubke, GE — Glen Eller, LRH — Lee R. Herndon, JJ — Joey
Jackson, JM — John Martin, CM — Chester Massey, RM — Robie May, PGR —
Peter G. Range, BR — Brent Rowell, CRS — ^^Charles R. Smith, MS — Maxie
Swindell.
Brent Rowell, 2227 Edgemont Avenue, Bristol 37620.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
90
THE MIGRANT
1970
INDEX FOR ”THE MIGRANT”, 1968 (VOL. 39),
1969 (VOL. 40) AND 1970 (VOL. 41).
Anhiuga - 1970 ; 83.
Ani, Groove-billed - 1969; 7, 8, 9,
18, 19.
Smooth-billed - 1969 : 7.
Avocet, American - 1968 ; 88, 93.
1970; 43, 76, 77, 85, 88.
Baldpate (see Widgeon, American).
Bittern, American - 1968 ; 20, 31,34,
44, 47, 65, 92. 1969; 35, 45, 48,
70. 1970; 36, 42, 45, 70, 87.
Least - 1968; 18, 31, 34, 44, 53,
54, 55, 57, 58, 63, 65, 91. 1969;
48, 70. 1970; 36, 45, 59, 69, 70.
Mountain - 1970; 25.
Chuck-will ' s-widow - 1968 ; 4, 5, 32,
34,
42,
45,
48, 67,
93. 1969: 35,
49,
51.
1970; 37, 47, 57, 85.
Coot ,
American - 1968;
1 20, 21, 23,
31,
42,
43,
65, 77,
90, 92. 1969;
16,
20,
22,
35, 45,
49, 51, 54,68,
75,
76,
77,
78, 89.
1970; 8, 22,
36,
40,
47,
69, 71,
72, 84.
Condor, California - 1969 ; 96.
Cormorant, Double-crested - 1968:
20, 42, 76, 91. 1969; 21, 48, 92.
1970; 21, 41, 45, 83.
1968; 5, 14,
20,
Blackbird
, Brewer
's - 1968
; 14. 1969:
Cowbird, Brown-beaded - 1968 ; 5,
44, 50,
54,
55,
83. 1970
: 5, 9,
20,
24,
33, 35, 78, 84, 85. 1969:
24, 38.
37,
47, 54, 80, 83. 1970; 9,
Red-winged - 1968 ; 4, 5,
8, 15,
18,
44,
56, 70.
22, 23,
33,
35,
78, 85. :
1969:
15,
Crane
, Sandhill - 1968; 45, 88,
37, 47,
54,
83.
1970: 9,'
38, 56
,59,
92,
96. 1969; 18, 20, 22, 45,
63, 64.
63,
64, 65, 88, 89. 1970: 41,
Rusty -
1968; 33, 44, 46
, 48,
66,
46,
83, 84.
78, 89,
91,
95.
1969; 15
, 20,24
,50,
Whooping - 1969 ; 96.
52, 54,
83,
93.
1970; 9
, 23,
44,
Creeper, Brown - 1968 ; 22, 23,32
86, 89.
48,
77, 94. 1969: 26, 36, 46,
Bluebird,
Bastern
- 1968;
5, 7,
11,
51,
70, 79, 90. 1970: 8, 24,
20, 22,
24,
32,
35, 60, ■
73, 74,
78,
37,
43, 52, 53, 54, 85.
85. 1969; 20, 36, 46, 81. 1970; 9,
37, 56, 86.
Bobolink - 1968; 33, 43, 46, 66, 95,
96. 1969; 26, 37, 47, 80. 1970; 38,
70, 83, 86, 89.
Bobwhite - 1968; 4, 8, 31, 34,43, 77,
85. 1969; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 35. 1970;
8, 36, 56.
Crossbill, Red - 1968; 23, 42, 48,
75, 78, 83. 1969; 18, 23, 24, 70,
93. 1970;9.13, 23, 46, 47, 71, 72,
79.
White-winged - 1970; 4,5,9,47, 72.
Crow, Common - 1968 ; 4, 5, 8,32, 35,
77, 82, 85. 1969; 33, 36. 1970; 6,
8, 37, 40, 56.
Brant - 1969;
61,
62.
Fish - 1968: 42, 77, 89.
1969:
36.
Bufflehead -
1968
: 20, 21, 23,
31,
1970: 8, 37, 56, 57.
42, 45, 47,
65,
67, 76, 92.
1969:
Cuckoo, Black-billed - 1968
: 26,
31,
18, 20, 22,
, 24,
35, 45, 48,
51,54,
64, 66, 67,90, 93. 1969:
26,
32,
75, 76, 77,
, 93.
1970: 7, 22,
, 24,
35, 46, 79, 90, 92. 1970:
36,
85.
36, 42, 46,
: 68,
72, 89.
Yellow-billed - 1968; 5,
26,
31,
Bunting, Indigo »
1968: 4, 5,
8, 26,
43, 67, 90, 93. 1969: 26,
35,
46,
33, 35, 44,
46,
48, 50, 85,
91,95.
79, 90, 92. 1970; 36, 43,
56,
79,
1969: 26, 37, 47, 50, 80, 91
..1970:
89.
23, 38, 44,
. 56,
70.
Curlew, Eskimo - 1969 : 96.
Painted - 1970:
56, 57.
Dickcissel - 1968; 5,19, 20
, 22,
33,
1969; 54, 55. 1970; 5,9, 10,
20,
23,
41, 45.
Canvasback - 1968; 20, 21, 23,
44,
47,
76,
89. 1969; 20, 22, 45,
48,
75,
76,
77. 1970: 7, 22, 42,
46 .
Cardinal ^
- 1968: 4, 5, 8, 33,
35,
50,
78,
82, 85. 1969; 2, 3, 4
, 5,
16,
37.
1970: 9, 38, 56.
Catbird -
1968: 5, 26, 32, 35,
46,
75,
77,
85, 90, 94. 1969: 26,
36,
46,
49,
51, 57, 79, 93. 1970:
20,
23,
24,
37, 41, 44, 47, 70, 56
,57.
Chat,
Yellow-breasted - 1968 ; 4
, 5,
8,
26,
33, 35, 46, 48, 64, 75
,94.
1969; 18, 19, 26, 37, 47, 50,
52,
80,
87,
91, 93. 1970: 38, 44,
56,
70.
Chickadee
, black-capped - 1968 ;
48,
77,
82.
1970: 8, 25, 26, 27,
28,
29,
52,
53, 54.
35, 46, 64, 66, 89. 1969; 20, 26,
37, 69, 80, 91. 1970; 5, 21, 34,
38, 44, 46, 56, 70, 71.
Dove, Ground - 1968 ; 88, 89. 1969 ;
6, 7, 18, 19.
Mourning - 1968; 4, 5, 8, 19, 20,
31, 34, -50, 77, 85. 1969; 6, 26,
35, 46, 90. 1970: 8, 36, 56, 57,
66.
Rock - 1970: 66.
Dowitcher, Long-billed - 1968 ; 31.
1969: 49, 54, 92. 1970: 3,71,85,88.
Short-billed - 1969: 15, 88. 1970:
88.
Duck,
Black -
1968;
44,
47,
65,
76, S
21,
35,
45,
48, f
7, 21, 24, 36, 42, 46, 70, 87.
Fulvous, Tree - 1968; 16.
Carolina - 1968; 11, 32, 35, 73,
77, 82, 85. 1969; 36, 81. 1970;
8, 25, 27, 28, 29, 37, 56.
Ring- necked
- 1968:
20,
21,
23,
31
44,
47,
65,
76, 89,
90,
92.
1969:
20,
22,
45,
48, 51,
54,
75,
76,
77
78,
89,
93.
1970; 7,
, 22^
, 24
, 36,42
[VoL. 41, 1970]
DECEMBER
THE MIGRANT
91
46, 84, M9.
Ruddy - 1968! 21, 23, 31, 45, 47,
76, 89, 92. 1969: 22, 24, 54, 73,
76, 77, 78, 89. 1970; 7, 22, 41,
42, 84.
Wood - 1968: 4, 5, 31, 34, 42,47,
64, 67, 76, 81, 90, 92. 1969: 14,
22, 35, 45, 51, 75, 76, 77, 89,92.
1970: 7, 22, 36, 42, 46, 56,69,89.
Dunlin - 1968 ; 19, 21, 45, 75,77,81,
93. 1969 ; 22, 49, 54, 90. 1970; 5,
8,
11, 22,
46, 85, 88.
Eagle;
, Bald -
1968; 20, 21, 22, 23,
42,
45, 47,
65, 76, 89, 92.
1969;
16,
18, 20,
22, 44, 48, 62,
70,88,
89,
92, 96.
1970: 6, 7, 11,
22,41,
43,
46, 83,
84.
Golden - 1968; 21, 43, 45,
47, 75,
76.
1969: 20, 45, 51. 1970:
3, 7,
17,
22, 43,
47, 83.
Egret
, Cattle
- 1968; 31, 41,
42,44,
49,
50, 51,
52, 55, 59, 63,
64,65,
88,
89, 90,
91. 1969; 48. 1970: 1,
36,
58, 69,
87.
Common - 1968:4. 31, 42, 44, 49,50,
51, 52,
59, 65. 1969:
35,
44,45,48,
68, 70,
92. 1970: 36,
.42,
45, 56,
58, 70,
83, 84, 87.
Snowy -
1970: 36.
Falcon, Peregrine - 1968 ; 41, 45,86,
88, 90,
92. 1969; 28,
44,
49, 96.
1970: 62, 63.
Prairie - 1970: 63.
Finch, Purple - 1968; 19, 20, 21,23,
24, 33, 46, 48, 75, 78, 88, 91,95.
1969; 18, 19, 21, 23, 37, 44, 47,
50, 91, 93. 1970; 9,
18,
21,
23,
38, 44, 79, 89.
Flicker, Yellow-shafted
- 1968;
7,
32, 35, 77. 1969: 26,
33,
35,
79.
1970; 8, 37, 56, 85.
Flycatcher, Acadian - 1968 ;
26,
32,
35, 67, 96. 1969; 36,
46,
49,
51,
69, 79, 90. 1970; 37,
43,
56,
69.
Great Crested - 1968;
5,
32,
35,
42, 48, 93. 1969: 36,
45,
46,
49,
51, 79. 1970: 37, 43,
56,
85.
Least - 1968: 32, 42,
43,
67,
89,
90. 1969: 26, 36, 70,
90.
1970:
37, 71, 74, 85.
Olive-sided - 1968; 32, 34, 90,93,
1969: 36, 69, 70, 90, 93. 1970;
37, 69, 71, 85, 88.
Scissor-tailed - 1970: 68, 83.
Traill’s - 1968; 26, 89. 1969;
26, 69, 70, 90. 1970: 3, 68, 71,
72.
Vermillion - 1968; 12. 1969: 17,
18, 19. 1970; 3, 68.
Yellow-bellied - 1968
: 63
, 64;
, 90.
1969: 26, 70, 79, 88,
90.
1970;
85, 88.
Gadwall - 1968: 20, 21,
23,
43,
44,
76, 89, 90, 92. 1969:
18,
19,
21,
48, 51, 54, 75, 76, 77, 89. 1970:
7, 36, 42, 46, 69, 84.
Gallinule, Common - 1968; 41, 42.
Purple - 1968; 41, 42, 45, 55,
63, 65. 1970: 3, 36, 68, 71.
Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray - 1968 ; 32,
35, 46, 48, 85, 94. 1969; 36, 46,
49, 51, 90. 1970: 37, 44, 56.
Godwit, Marbled - 1970; 88.
Goldeneye, Common - 1968 ; 20, 21, 23,
42, 45, 47, 76, 81, 92. 1969; 18,
20, 22, 24, 45, 48, .51. 1970:7. 22,
24, 36, 42, 46, 83.
Goldfinch, American - 1968 ; 5, 33,35,
78. 1969: 6, 21, 33, 37, 47, 91.
1970; 9, 23, 38, 79.
Goose, Barnacle - 1968 ; 41, 44. 1969 :
62, 63. 1970: 41, 42, 60, 61.
Blue - 1968; 16, 20, 21, 31, 34,42,
44,
76,
82,
90,
92.
1969; 19,35,
54,
61,
75,
76,
77,
89,
92. 1970:7
10,
21,
42,
45,
84,
87.
Canada -• 1968 ;
16,
20,
21, 28
,31,
42,
44,
65,
67,
76,
85,
90, 92
, 96
1969 : 18, 19, 21, 35, 45, 48,
54,
61,
62,
68,
70,
89,
92.
1970;
7,
21,
24,
36,
42,
46,
60,
61,69,
84,
87.
Egyptain - 1968 ; 31, 76.
Snow - 1968: 20, 21, 31, 43, 44,
76. 1969; 21,
84, 87.
54,
61.
1970: 7, 42,
White- fronted
- 1968 ;
44. 1969; 61.
1970: 20, 21,
41,
42,
45.
Grackle , Common
- 1968;
4, 5, 7, 8,
14, 22, 33, 35, 44, 50, 78, 85.
1969 ; 8, 9, 20, 37, 47, 54, 83.
1970; 9, 23, 38, 56, 57.
Grebe-Eared - 1969; 74, 75, 76, 77.
Horned - 1968; 20, 21, 23, 42, 44,
76, 91. 1969; 19, 45, 48, 74, 75,
76, 77, 89. 1970: 7, 21, 23, 42,
83, 84.
Pied-billed - 1968; 20, 23, 31, 34,
42, 43, 47, 64, 65, 76, 89, 91.
1969: 19, 21, 24, 26, 35, 45, 48,
51, 54, 69, 75, 76, 77, 89, 93.
1970: 7, 21, 36, 42, 57, 70, 84,87.
Western - 1969: 54.
Grosbea’c, Black-headed - 1969; 44,
50, 59, 60. 1970: 20, 21.
Blue - 1968; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15,33,
35, 43, 44, 46, 64, 65, 66, 68, 89,
91, 95. 1969; 37, 47, 50, 68,69,70,
91, 93. 1970: 38, 44, 56, 57, 70,
86.
Evening - 1968: 22, 75, 78, 79, 82.
1969; 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 37, 44,
45,
47,
50,
52,
69,
70.
1970:9,
19,
21,
23,
24,
35,
38,
44,
46, 47,
70.
Rose-breasted -
1968; 19, 22, 33,
35,
44,
46,
65,
66,
68,
89, 91,
95.
1969; 26, 33, 37, 47, 50, 52, 59,
60, 69, 80, 91. 1970: 19, 38, 44,
70, 86.
Grouse, Ruffed - 1968; 17, 21, 31,67,
77, 81, 83, 90, 92, 96. 1969; 24,
35, 49, 51. 1970: 8, 36.
Gull, Bonaparte's - 1968 ; 11, 20, 22,
45, 93. 1969: 20, 23, 46, 49, 75,
76, 77, 90. 1970: 5, 8, 21, 23, 36,
43, 46, 83.
Franklin's - 1968; 11. 1969: 75,76,
77. 1970: 83.
Glaucous - 1969; 12, 13, 20.
Herring - 1968; 20, 22, 23, 42, 45,
66, 77, 93. 1969; 12, 20, 22, 45,
49, 90. 1970; 8, 22, 36, 47, 85.
Laughing - 1968: 10. 1969: 88, 92.
1970; 41, 43.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
92
THE MIGRANT
1970
Ring-billed - 1968; 11, 20, 21,22,
23,
31,
42, 43, 45, 66, 77, 93.
1969; 20, 22, 49, 68, 70, 75, 76,
77,
90.
1970; 8, 22, 36, 43, 47,
85.
Hawk ,
Broad-winged - 1968; 5,27,28,
31,
34,
42, 43, 45, 47, 65, 67,84,
89,
90,
92. 1969: 28, 29, 31, 33,
44,
45,
48, 51, 68, 89. 1970: 14,
15,
16,
17, 36, 42, 52, 56, 57,69,
84,
89.
Cooper '
s - 1968; 5, 21, 22, 23,27,
28,
29,
31, 42, 63, 65, 67, 76,89,
92,
96.
1969: 18, 22, 31, 35, 44,
48,
51,
92, 93. 1970; 7y 16, 17,
22,
24,
36, 45, 57, 69, 84, 87,89.
Goshawk
- 1969; 87. 1970: 5, 7,10,
20,
22.
Harlan '
s - 1969; 85. 1970: 41,45.
Marsh -
1968: 21, 22, 29, 31, 42,
43,
45,
76, 89, 92, 96. 1969: 18,
20,
22,
31, 45, 48, 51, 77, 89,92,
93.
1970; 7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 22,
24,
36,
43, 46, 69, 87, 89.
Pigeon
- 1968; 19, 22, 41, 45, 75,
76.
1969; 16, 17, 18, 28, 33, 35,
44,
51,
55, 88, 92. 1970; 43, 62,
63.
Red-shouldered - 1968; 4, 5, 29,
31,
45,
47, 76. 1969; 22, 31, 35,
48,
68.
1970; 7, 16, 17, 36, 45,
47,
57,
62, 71, 73, 74.
Red-tailed - 1968: 20, 21, 22, 23,
29,
31,
45, 47, 65, 67, 76, 92,96,
1969; 22, 31, 35, 48, 63, 93. 1970;
7, 10, 16, 17, 24, 36, 42, 46, 56,
57,
62,
71, 84.
89.
Rough-legged -
1968; 16, 19, 21,22
41,
42,
88, 92.
1969; 44, 51,
85.
1970: 3;
, 5, 7,
41, 43, 62.
Sharp-shinned -
1968 ; 21, 27,
29,
31,
45,
47, 63,
65, 76, 84, 89,
92,
96.
1969: 18, 22, 29, 31,
44,
45,
48,
68, 88.
1970; 7, 14,
16,
17,
22,
24, 42,
46, 71, 73, 84,
87,
89.
Sparrow
- 1968;
4, 23, 39, 31,
43,
64,
76,
81. 1969; 16, 31, 35.
1970: 7, 16, 17, 36, 57, 62.
Heron, Black-crowned Night - 1968 : 5 .
31, 42, 44, 49, 50, 52, 59, 63, 65,
91. 1969; 35, 45, 48, 68,
, 70
, 89.
1970; 36, 69, 70, 84, 87,
Great Blue - 1968: 5, 20,
, 22
, 23,
31, 42, 43, 63, 65, 76, 89, 91.
1969; 19, 21, 35, 45, 48,
. 51
. 54,
68, 89. 1970: 7, 21, 24,
36,
42,
46, 57, 66, 69, 84.
Green - 1968; 31, 34, 42,
, 43
» 44,
63, 67, 75, 76, 82, 89, 91, 96.
1969: 21, 26, 35, 44, 45,
, 48
, 89.
1970; 36, 42, 56, 57, 66
, 69
, 84.
Little Blue - 1968; 31, 34, 41,42,
43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 65, 89,91.
1969; 35, 45, 68, 69, 74, 75, 76,
77, 89, 92. 1970; 36, 56, 58, 66,
69, 70, 72, 84, 87.
Louisiana - 1968; 15, 55. 1970; 87.
Yellow-crowned Night - 1968 ; 12,31,
42,
44,
59,
63,
65,
91.
1969; 21,
33,
35,
45,
48,
68,
89.
1970:36,45
56,
57,
69,
70,
87.
Hummingbird, Ruby-thr oated - 1968 ;
32, 34, 43, 67, 93. 1969: 10, 19,
35, 46, 51. 1970: 23, 37, 43, 56,
85.
Ibis, Glossy - 1968; 15, 49, 50,51,
55, 92. 1969; 53.
White-faced - 1968; 15, 92.
Jay, Blue - 1968; 4, 5, 8, 15, 32,
35, 77, 85. 1969; 16, 33, 36, 1970;
8, 37, 56, 62, 73.
Junco, Oregon - 1970; 4, 5, 20, 21,
23, 41, 45, 79, 80.
Slate-colored - 1968; 33, 44, 46,
78, 82, 83, 89, 91, .95. 1969; 21,
27, 33, 37, 47, 50, 70, 80, 91.
1970: 9, 38, 51, 52, 53, 70, 79,
80, 86.
Killdeer - 1968; 31, 34, 43, 77, 90.
1969: 19, 22, 35, 54, 68, 75, 76,
77, 78, 89. 1970; 8, 36, 56, 66,
69, 84.
Kingbird, Eastern - 1968 ; 5, 26, 32,
35, 42, 43, 45, 48, 75, 77, 81,85,
90, 93. 1969; 36, 44, 46, 49, 51,
69, 93. 1970: 37, 43, 56, 69 85.
Western - 1969 : 44, 88, 90.
Kingfisher, Belted - 1968 ; 32, 34,
77, 82. 1969; 20, 26, 35, 77. 1970:
8, 37, 56.
Kinglet, Golden-crowned - 1968 ; 24,
32, 67, 78, 82, 89, 94, 96. 1969;
20, 26, 36, 46, 49, 79, 90. 1970;
6, 9, 28, 52, 53, 79, 86.
Ruby-crowned - 1968 : 20, 22, 24,
32, 48, 64, 66, 78, 82, 90, 93,
96. 1969; 26, 36, 49, 51, 79,90.
1970; 9, 10, 28, 37, 44, 86.
Kite, Everglade - 1969; 96.
Mississippi - 1968 ; 84, 88, 89.
1969; 35, 88. 1970; 36, 56, 57.
Swallow-tailed - 1968; 85, 88,90.
Lark, Horned - 1968; 5, 19, 20, 22,
23, 32, 35, 77. 1969: 20, 36, 45,
49. 1970; 8, 37, 43, 56, 57, 66,
69.
Longspor, Lapland - 1969 : 55. 1970:
5, 9.
Loon, Common - 1968 ; 20, 21, 23, 31,
44, 65, 76, 91. 1969; 18, 19, 21,
24, 35, 45, 48, 75, 76, 77, 92.
1970: 7, 21, 24, 36, 42,
45,
69,
83, 84.
Red-throated - 1970: 1.
Mallard - 1968; 4, 16, 20,
21,
22,23
31, 42, 44, 47, 64, 65,
76, 90.
1969; 19, 21, 24, 35, 45
, 48,
, 51,
54, 75, 76, 77, 89. 1970
7,
21,24
36, 42, 87.
Martin, Purple - 1968 : 32,
35,
42,43
64, 85, 89, 90, 93, 96.
1969:
: 36,
46, 49, 51, 69, 90, 93.
1970:
: 37,
43, 47, 56, 85, 89.
Meadowlark, Eastern - 1968
4,
5, 7,
8, 33, 35, 78. 1969: 37,
’ 54.
1970;
9, 38, 56.
Western - 1968; 43. 1969: 54, 55
1970; 3.
Merganser, Common - 1968 ; 21, 23, 31,
45, 76. 1969; 20, 22, 35. 1970; 7,
13, 22, 45.
Hooded - 1968; 21, 23, 43, 45, 47,
76, 92. 1969; 20, 22, 24, 35, 45,
48, 54, 75, 76, 77, 89. 1970; 7,
[VoL. 41, 1970]
DECEMBER
THE MIGRAiNT
93
22, 24, 36, 42, 46, 69, 84 .
Red-breasted - 1968 ; 21, 22, 31,
42, 45. 1969: 20, 22, 48 , 75 , 76,
77, 92. 1970; 7, 22, 24, 36, 42,
45, 70.
Mockingbird - 1968 : 4, 5, 7, 8, 32,
35, 77, 85, 1969: 2, 36, 90. 1970;
8, 37, 56, 57.
Nighthawk, Common - 1968 ; 4, 26, 32,
34, 43, 45, 48, 90, 93, 96. 1969:
35, 46, 49, 90. 1970: 37, 43, 56,
69, 85, 88.
Nuthatch, Brown-headed - 1969 : 11,
18, 23, 36, 44, 49. 1970: 8,
Red-breasted - 1968 ; 32, 48, 67,
75, 77, 82, 83, 89, 90, 93, 96.
1969: 11, 19, 20, 23, 24, 36, 46,
49, 79, 88, 90, 92. 1970: 8, 21,
23, 28, 37, 43, 47, 52, 53, 54,79.
White-breasted - 1968 ; 5, 32, 35,
67, 77, 96. 1969; 20, 36. 1970;
27, 28, 37, 57, 79.
Oldsquaw - 1968; 19, 21, 23, 45.1969;
48, 62, 78. 1970: 5, 7, 10, 22, 42.
Oriole, Baltimore - 1968 ; 5, 9, 19,
20,
22,
26,
33,
46, 48, 50, 1
64, 66;
67,
89,
95,
96.
1969: 18, 19
, 20,
26,
37,
47,
50,
91, 93. 1970
: 38,
44,
56,
70,
71,
75, 86.
Orchard
- 1968:
4, 5, 33, 35
, 43,
46,
85,
91,
95,
96. 1969: 37
> 45,
47,
50,
91,
93.
1970: 38, 44
, 56,
70,
86.
Osprey -
1968
: 18
, 27, 29, 31,
34,
45,
47,
65,
76,
89, 92, 96.
1969:
20,
22,
31,
35,
44, 45, 48, '
63, 68
70,
77,
89,
92.
1970: 14, 16
, 22,
36,
43,
46 ,
68,
69, 71, 72,
84, 87
89.
Ovenbird
- 1968;
5, 25, 26, 33
. 35,
42,
46,
46,
64,
91, 94. 1969
; 25,
26,
33,
37,
45,
47, 50, 52,
69,79,
80, 91. 1970; 38, 44, 69, 86.
Owl, Barn - 1968; 21, 23, 31, 45, 66,
67, 77, 93. 1969: 23, 35, 49, 70,
92. 1970; 8, 35, 37, 46, 71, 88.
Barred - 1968; 5, 32, 42, 48, 66,
77, 93. 1969; 23, 35, 51, 70, 1970;
8, 37, 43, 46, 47, 57, 69, 88,
Great Horned - 1968 ; 23, 32, 42,
45, 66, 77, 89, 93. 1969; 20, 23,
35, 46, 49, 88, 93. 1970; 8 , 23 ,
24, 37, 43, 57, 69.
Long-eared - 1968; 19, 21, 75, 77,79.
1970: 23, 67.
Saw-whet - 1968; 86, 88, 90. 1969:
16, 51, 70.
Screech - 1968; 32, 77. 1969; 16,
24, 35. 1970: 8, 37, 57, 67.
Short-eared - 1968 : 42.
Fewee , Eastern Wood - 1968 ; 5, 26,32,
35, 42, 43, 90, 93, 1969; 26, 36,
45, 46, 51, 57, 79, 87, 90. 1970:
37, 43, 56, 85.
Pelican, Brown - 1969 ; 96.
White - 1968; 10. 1970: 20,. 21.
Phalarope, Northern - 1 968 : 13.
1970; 39, 40, 66.
Red - 1968; 13, 19, 21. 1970: 85,
88.
Wilson's - 1968: 13. 1969; 65.
1970: 85, 88.
Pheasant, Ring-necked - 1968 : 31,
92.
1969:
33.
35, 49,
70,
. 1970;
87.
Phoebe
, Eastern
- 1968;
5,
32, 35
77.
1969:
20,
24, 33,
36;
, 46.
1970; 8, 37, 43, 56, 57.
Pintail - 1968: 20, 31, 42, 44, 76,
90. 92. 1969: 19, 21, 48, 51, 54,
75, 76, 77. 1970: 7, 21, 42, 46,
84.
Pipit, Water - 1968 : 21, 32, 46, 78.
1969: 23, 45, 46, 49, 54, 55, 83,
91. 1970: 9, 42, 86.
Plover, American Golden - 1968 : 42,
45, 92. 1969; 22, 44, 53, 54, 89.
1970; 3, 41, 84, 87.
Black-bellied - 1968 ; 45, 64, 92^
1969: 22, 92. 1970: 84, 87.
Piping - 1970: 87.
Semipalmated - 1968 : 31, 34, 65,
92. 1969; 35, 89. 1970: 5, 8, 12,
36, 66, 67, 69, 72, 84, 87.
Upland - 1968; 31, 34, 64. 1970;
66, 84, 87.
Rail, King - 1968: 18, 45, 53, 54,
55, 57, 58, 65. 1969: 35, 49, 68,
70, 92. 1970: 36, 57, 63, 64, 65.
Virginia - 1968; 31, 55. 1969; 26,
89, 92. 1970: 5, 6, 8, 36, 46.
Yellow - 1970; 84.
Raven, Common - 1968 : 23, 32, 40, 48,
77, 96. 1969; 36, 51, 70. 1970; 8,
37, 52, 72, 89.
Redhead - 1968; 20, 21, 23, 44, 76,
89. 1969: 20, 22, 44, 45, 48, 75,
76, 77, 89. 1970: 7, 22, 36, 42,
46.
Redpoll, Common - 1968 ; 75, 78, 82.
1970: 3.
Redstart, American - 1968 : 5, 26, 33,
35, 43, 46, 95. 1969: 26, 37, 47,
50, 79, 80, 91, 93. 1970: 38, 44,
56, 89.
Roadrunner - 1969 : 7, 10.
Robin - 1968; 7, 8, 26, 32, 35, 78,
85. 1969: 15, 20, 24, 36, 79, 83.
1970; 6, 8, 23, 37, 52, 53, 54, 56,
57,
Sanderling - 1968; 88, 93. 1969: 15,
75, 76, 77, 88, 92. 1970; 88, 89.
Sandpiper, Baird's - 1969 ; 15. 1970:
85.
Buff-breasted - 1969: 88, 90. 1970:
3,
65,
66, 85, 88.
Least -
' 1968: 13, 19, 21, 31
. 34,
42,
1 45,
64, 66, 75, 77, 81,
89,90,
93.
, 1969; 15, 20, 22, 35, 45
, 54,
68,
, 83,
90. 1970: 5, 8, 10,
11,22,
36,
, 46 ,
, 67, 69, 71, 85, 89.
Pectoral - 1968; 31, 42, 45,
66,
89,
. 93,
, 96. 1969; 15, 22, 35
» 44,
46,
. 49,
; 54, 75, 76, 77, 90.
1970;
22,
, 36,
, 41, 43, 46, 66, 69,
71, 85
Semipalmated - 1968 ; 31, 34,
64,
66,
, 93,
' 96. 1969; 15, 22, 33
, 35,
83, 90. 1970; 66, 67, 69, 71, 85
Solitary - 1968 ;
: 31
, 34,
, 42, 43,
45, 47,
66, 90,
93.
1969; 15, 35,
49, 68,
75, 76,
77,
89.
1970; 36,
39, 40,
43, 66,
69,
71 ,
72,84, 89
Spotted
- 1968:
19,
31 ,
34, 42,45
47, 63,
64, 66,
67,
90,
92. 1969:
[VOL. 41, 1970]
94
THE MIGRAiNT
1970
35, 49, 68, 70, 75, 76, 77, 89.
1970;
22
, 36,
43, 66
84.
Stilt
1970;
85, 88
Western
- 1969; 15,
1970:
71
, 85,
88.
White-rumped - 1968 ; 31, 34, 63, 66.
House - 1968: 4, 5, 7, 8, 33,35,
73, 78, 85. 1969: 37, 81. 1970;
9, 38, 56, 57.
Lark - 1968; 5, 33, 44, 1969: 69.
1970: 38, 86.
Leconte's - 1968: 75, 78. 1970: 5,
9.
1969; 14, 15, 54, 68, 70
, 92. 1970;
Lincoln
' s -
1968; 26, 33, 34,
35,
3, 88.
43,
47,
66,
89,
95, 96. 1969;
37,
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied
- 1968: 26,
84,
88,
89,
92,
93. 1970: ,
38,
32, 43, 48, 63, 66, 77,
82, 90, 93,
45,
86.
96. 1969; 26, 36, 46, 49
, 70, 79,
Savannah - 1966 ;
21, 33, 35,
41,
90. 1970; 8, 37, 43, 71,
85, 89.
46,
48,
66,
78,
95. 1969; 26,
37,
Scaup, Greater - 1968: 19,
20, 21,41,
45,
47,
50,
52 ,
53, 55. 1970:
9,
44, 75, 76, 81. 1969: 22
, 48, 62.
13,
23,
38,
44,
86.
1970; 7, 35, 36, 45.
Song -
1968:
; 33,
, 63, 65, 78,
83,
Lesser - 1968; 20, 21, 23, 31, 42,
84.
1969; 21, 27, 37, 47, 54,
68,
44, 65, 67, 76, 81, 92,
96. 1969:
69,
80,
84,
92.
1970; 9, 38,
45,
20, 22, 24, 35, 45, 48,
51, 70,75,
53,
54,
68,
70,
87.
76, 77, 78, 89, 93. 1970
: 7, 22,
Swamp -
1968: 23, 26, 33, 35,
44,
.24, 36, 41, 42, 46, 70,
84, 89.
47,
48,
78,
91,
95. 1969: 6,
21,
Scoter, Common - 1969: 78.
1970: 1,
37,
50,
52,
80,
84. 92. 1970:
9,
20, 21.
23 ,
38,
45,
86.
Surf - 1969; 18, 20, 78.
Tree -
1968;
: 19,
, 20, 22, 24,
42 ,
White-winged - 1968 ; 19,
20, 21,
44,
47,
75,
78.
1969: 88, 89,
93.
23, 41, 45. 1969; 18, 22, 44, 51,
62. 78, 88. 1970; 5, 7, 11, 20,22,
42, 45.
Shovelcr - 1968; 20, 21, 31, 42, 44,
76, 89. 1969; 18, 22, 35, 48, 54,
55, 75, 76, 77, 78, 89, 92. 1970;
7, 22, 36, 42, 46, 84, 89.
Shrike, Loggerhead - 1968 ; 4, 5, 20,
24, 32, 35, 78. 1969; 36, 61, 86.
1970; 9, 37, 56, 69.
Siskin, Pine - 1968; 22, 24, 31, 33,
1970; 4, 5, 9, 10, 23, 45.
Vesper - 1968; 21, 33, 43, 46,78,
89, 91, 95. 1969; 23, 37, 47, 50,
52, 70, 91. 1970: 5, 9, 21, 38,
44, 47, 86.
White-crowned
- 1968:
21, 33
48 ,
64,
65, 78
, 79, 82, 89,
95,
96.
1969:
26, 27,
37, 47,
52,
69,
80, 91
. 1970:
9, 10,
38,
70,
86.
34,
42,
43,
46, 48
95,
96.
1969: 18, :
37,
44,
47,
50, 52
1970: 9,
,21,
23, 24
70,
71,
72,
79.
Snipe ,
, Common
- 1968
42,
43,
45,
47, 66
1969; 20, 22, 35, -
76,
77,
89.
1970;
43,
47,
71,
84, 89
Sora - 1968 ;
26, 31,
92.
1969; 26, 35, -
36,
43,
71,
84.
22, 24, 36,
Sparrow, Bachman's - 1968 ; 5, 33, 46,
1969; 86, 87. 1970; 57, 89.
Cape Sable - 1969; 96.
Chipping - 1968; 5, 7, 8, 19, 21,
23, 33, 35, 47, 48, 78, 85, 95.
White-throated - 1968; 33, 35,44,
66, 68, 78, 91, 95. 1969; 6, 18,
21, 27, 37, 47, 50, 69, 80, 89,92.
1970: 9, 18, 21, 23, 38, 70, 83,
86.
Starling . - 1968; 4, 5, 7, 8, 32,
35, 40, 78, 85. 1969; 36, 79, 80,
83, 91. 1970; 9, 10, 23, 37, 56,
57, 63.
Swallow, Bank - 1968: 32, 45, 64,66,
89, 90, 93. 1969; 36, 46, 70, 92,
93. 1970; 37, 68, 71, 89.
Barn
1968:
4,
5, 7, 8, 32, 35,
, 48,
64,
85, 89, 90. 1969:
> 49,
51,
66, 67, 90. 1970:
, 46,
57,
78, 85.
• 1968; 3
2, 35, 42, 43, 46,
, 89,
90,
93, 96. 1969: 36,
. 49,
93.
1970: 37, 43, 69,
37,
47,
50,
84,
93
13,
23,
38,
45,
56
- 1969;
84,
85,
88
Clay-colored
89.
Dusky Seaside - 1969 ; 96.
Field - 1968; 5, 7, 8, 20, 33,35,
78. 1969; 6, 21, 27, 33, 37, 80,
87. 1970; 9, 38, 56, 79.
Fox - 1968; 21, 22, 24, 47, 48,78,
95. 1969; 6, 23, 24, 45, 47,50,52,
92. 1970; 9, 23, 24, 45, 86.
Grasshopper - 1968; 5, 33, 35, 64,
95. 1969; 23, 37, 50, 69,
1970; 38, 56, 57, 70, 71.
Harris' - 1968;
21, 44, 47, 50.
Henslow's - 1968; 41, 43, 61, 62,
75, 78, 82. 1970; 4, 41, 42.
69
, 70,
80,
71
t. 1969:
18,
43
, 61,
62
71, 77, 78, 85.
Rough-winged - 1968 ; 7, 32, 35,43,
46, 48, 64, 89. 1969; 36, 45, 46,
49, 51. 1970; 37, 43, 46, 56, 85,
89.
Tree - 1968; 32, 42, 43, 45,48,59,
60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 77, 86, 89,93.
46, 49, 51, 68, 70,
90. 1970: 21, 37, 43, 71, 83, 85,
• 1968; 13. 1970; 41, 45,
Whistling - 1968; 13, 14, 16, 19,
20, 21. 1970; 1, 20, 21, 41, 42.
Swift, Chimney - 1968; 5, 7, 8, 32,
34, 42, 43, 45, 90," 93, 96. 1969:
35, 46, 49, 51, 90. 1970; 37, 43,
52, 56, 85, 89-
1969: 23
90.
1970
89.
Swan ,
Mute
59,
60.
[VOL. 41. 1970]
DECEMBER
THE MIGRAiNT
95
Tanager ,
Scarlet
- 1966; 26, 33,
35,
43, 44,
46, 48,
64, 67, 89,91,
95.
1969; 26, 33, 37, 45, 47, 50,
52,
66, 69,
80, 91.
1970; 38, 44,
86.
Summer
- 1968;
5, 33, 35, 46,
48,
91, 95.
1969: 26, 33, 37, 45,
47,
50, 69,
80, 91.
1970; 5,9,12,
38,
44, 56,
86.
Western
- 1969:
65, 66. 1970:
86.
Teal , Blue-winged
- 1968; 31,34,
42,
44, 64,
65, 76,
89, 90, 92. 1969;
35, 45,
48, 51,
75, 76, 77,78,
89.
1970; 36, 41 , 42, 69
, 84.
Green-winged - 1968;
21,
31,
34,
42, 44, 76, 89. 1969
: 19,
, 22,
, 35,
48, 51, 75, 76, 77. 1970;
: 7,
21,
42, 84.
Tern, Black - 1968 : 12
, 31,
1 66 ,
, 93.
1969; 68, 70, 75, 76
. 77,
, 90,
, 92.
1970: 36, 71, 85, 88
Caspian - 1968 ; 66 , '
93. 1969:
: 92.
1970; 85, 89.
Common - 1968: 64, 93. 1969; 35,
92. 1970; 36, 88.
Forster’s - 1968; 93. 1969; 75, 76,
77,
90,
92. 1970; 35, 36, 85, 88.
Least -
1968; 4, 63, 88, 93. 1969:
44,
46.
1970; 69, 88.
Thrasher ,
Brown - 1968; 4, 5, 19, 22
23,
32,
35, 46, 78, 85. 1969; 18,
23,
26,
36, 46, 49,79. 1970; 8,10,
21,
23,
24, 37, 47, 56, 57.
Thrush, Gray-cheecked - 1968 ; 32, 35
64,
66,
90, 94. 1969: 26, 36,46,49
79,
88,
90. 1970; 37,44,69, 75, 85
Hermit
- 1968: 24, 32, 46, 48, 78
81,
82,
89, 94. 1969: 19, 23, 36,
46,
51,
79, 90. 1970; 9, 24, 83.
Swainson's - 1968; 26, 32, 35, 46,
64,
66,
67, 90, 94. 1969; 26, 36,
46,
49,
69, 79, 90. 1970; 5,9, 13,
37,
44,
69, 85.
Wood -
1968: 8, 26, 32, 35, 42,46,
89,
94.
1969; 26, 33, 36, 45, 46,
49,
51,
57, 69, 79, 90. 1970; 37,
44,
57,
69.
Tit ,
Great - 1970; 26, 27, 28, 29.
Titmouse ,
Tufted - 1968; 5, 32, 35,
73,
77,
82, 85. 1969; 2, 33, 36,
81.
1970; 8, 27, 28, 29, 37, 56.
Towhee , Rufous-sided - 1968 ; 5, 7,
8, 33, 35, 78, 85. 1969; 18, 33,
37. 1970; 9, 38, 57.
Turkey - 1968; 5, 47, 67. 1969; 24.
1970; 8, 36, 56.
Turnstone , Ruddy - 1970; 87.
Veery - 1968; 26, 32, 64, 66,67,90.
1969; 26, 36, 46, 49, 90. 1970;
37, 52, S3, 71, 85, 89.
Vireo, Philadelphia - 1968; 26, 46,
89, 90, 94. 1969; 26, 36, 80, 91.
1970; 37, 71, 88.
Red- eyed - 1968; 4, 7, 8, 26, 32,
35, 48, 90, 94. 1969; 26, 33, 36,
46, 49, 57, 80, 91. ’1970; 37, 44,
56, 86.
Solitary - 1968; 32, 46, 48, 67,
89, 94. 1969; 26, 33, 36, 45, 46,
49, 52. 1970; 37, 44, 46, 47, 52,
53, 54, 89.
Warbling - 1968; 4, 32, 46, 48.
1969 ; 26, 36, 46, 49, 70. 1970;
37, 44, 56, 71.
White-eyed - 1968 ; 4, 5, 7, 32,
35, 46, 48, 94, 1969; 26, 33,36,
46, 49, 52, 80, 91. 1970; 37, 44,
56.
Yellow-throated - 1968; 4, 32,35,
46, 64, 94. 1969; 26, 36, 45, 46,
49, 80, 91. 1970; 37, 44, 56, 72.
Vulture, Black - 1968; 20
, 22,
23,
31, 45, 65, 76, 79, 92.
1969:
20,
22, 35, 48, 51. 1970: 7
, 22,"
36,
57, 84, 89.
Turkey - 1968 ; 22, 23,
31,34,
45,
47, 65, 67, 76, 79, 90,
92, 96.
1969: 35, 48. 1970; 6,
7, 22,
36,
42, 56, 69, 84, 89.
Warbler, Bachman's - 1969
;. 96,
Bay-breasted - 1968 ; 26, 33, 43,
64, 66, 91, 94. 1969; 26, 37, 57,
79, 80, 91. 1970; 38, 44, 46, 69,
79, 89.
Black-and-white - 1968 ; 5, 26,32,
35,
46,
48,
94. 1969; 26, 33, 36,
46,
49,
52,
57, 80,
91.
1970; 37,
44,
89.
Blackburnian - 1968 ;
: 26
, 33, 35,
43,
46,
66,
67, 89,
90,
94. 1969
26,
37,
47,
50, 69,
80,
91, 93.
1970; 38, 44, 52, 53, 54, 69, 86,
88.
Blackpoll - 1968; 25, 26, 33, 35,
42, 43, 46, 64, 66, 67. 1969; 25,
26, 37, 47, 50, 69, 79, 80. 1970;
38, 44, 69, 89.
Black- throated Blue - 1968 ; 33,
46, 48, 94. 1969; 26, 33, 36, 47,
50, 79, 80. 1970; 38, 46, 52, 53,
54, 88.
Black- throated Green - 1968 ; 26,
33, 43, 46, 48, 64, 66, 89,90,94.
1969; 26, 33, 36, 47, 50, 52, 69,
80, 91. 1970; 38, 44, 52, 53, 54,
69, 86, 89.
Blue-winged - 1968 ; 5, 26, 33, 35,
42, 43, 46, 64, 66, 85, 90, 94.
1969; 36, 46, 49, 70, 87, 91. 1970;
38, 44.
Brewster's - 1968; 94. 1970; 71,86.
Canada - 1968; 26, 33, 46,48,66,67,
95. 1969: 26, 33, 37, 45, 50, 57,
69, 80, 91. 1970: 38, 53, 70, 86.
Cane May - 1968; 25, 33, 46, 64,
90*,, 94, 96. 1969; 26, 36, 50, 69,
79, 80, 93. 1970; 38, 47, 89.
Cerulean - 1968; 5, 33, 35,42, 46,
64, 94. 1969: 26, 37, 47, 50.
1970; 38, 44, 47, 56, 57, 74.
Chestnut-sided - 1968; 26, 33, 43,
46, 48, 66, 67, 91, 94. 1969; 25,
26, 37,
47,50, 52, 69, 79
, 80,
, 91.
1970; 38,53, 54, 68, 74, 79,
86,
89.
Connecticut - 1968 ; 33 , 34 , 42,63,
66, 94,
96. 1969: 26, 37,
44,
47,
80, 93.
1970; 38, 86.
Golden-
winged - 1968; 26,
33,
46,
90, 94.
1969; 26, 36, 46,
49,
52,
68, 79,
80, 91. 1970: 38,
69,
72.
Hooded
- 1968: 5, 33, 35
, 42,
r 43,
46, 48,
64, 94. 1969: 26,
37,
45,
47, 50,
56, 57.
52, 80, 91. 1970:
38,
44,
[VoL. 41, 1970]
96
THE MIGRANT
DECEMBER
Kentucky - 1968 ; 5, 9, 26
, 33
.35,
46, 64, 94. 1969; 26, 37,
47,
50,
57, 79, 80. 1970: 38, 44,
56,
70.
Kirtland's - 1969; 96.
Magnolia - 1968; 25, 26,
33,
43 ,
64, 66, 90, 94, 96. 1969:
25,
26,
36, 50, 57, 69, 79, 80, 91,
93.
1970; 38, 69, 86.
Mourning - 1968: 26, 34,
35,
64,
66, 89, 96. 1969: 26, 68,
69,
70,
88, 91. 1970; 38, 86.
Myrtle - 1968; 26, 33, 35
, 46
, 64
66, 78, 90, 94. 1969; 20,
24,
26,
36, 47, 50, 69, 80, 84, 91. 1970:
9, 23, 38, 69, 86.
Nashville - 1968: 26, 33,
35,
46,
66, 90, 94, 96. 1969: 26,
36,
46,
50, 80, 91. 1970; 38, 44,
86.
Orange-crowned - 1968 ; 33
,34,
46 ,
75, 78, 89. 1969: 26, 50,
80,
89,
91. 1970; 46, 69.
Pain - 1968; 19, 21, 22,
26,
33,
35, 43, 46, 66, 89, 94, 96. 1969;
23,
26, 37, 45, 50,
80, 91.
1970
38,
86.
Parula - 1968; 5
, 33
, 35, 46
, 48
94.
1969: 26, 36
, 46
, 50, 52
, 80
91.
1970: 38, 44
, 56
, 86.
Pine -
1968: 21, 33, 42,
46, 48,
64, 78,
94, 96. 1969: 23,
37,
45,
50, 52,
68, 69. 1970: 9,
38,
44,
69.
Prairie
- 1968: 5, 33, 35
,42,
46 ,
48, 64,
91, 94, 96. 1969:
37,
45,
47, 50,
87, 93- 1970: 38,
44.
Prothonotary - 1968 : 4, 5
, 26,
, 32,
35, 46,
64, 94. 1969: 26,
36,
46,
49, 52,
91. 1970: 37, 44
, 56,
, 86.
Swainson's - 1968 ; 4, 32,
34,
46,
67, 86.
1969; 36, 70, 88.
1970; 3,
37, 56,
71, 74, 78, 79, 86.
Tennessee - 1968 ; 25, 26,
33,
35,
42, 43,
46, 64, 66, 89, 90, 94,96.
1969; 25, 26, 36, 46, 50,
57,
79,
80, 88,
91, 93. 1970: 38
, 44,
, 69,
79, 86,
89.
Wilson '
s - 1968: 26, 33,
64, 66,89
91, 94, 96. 1969; 26,68,69,70, 91,
93. 1970; 38, 86.
Worn-eating - 1968; 5, 26, 32, 35,
42, 46, 48, 64, 90. 1969; 26,36.45.
46,49,52,91. 1970; 37,44, 86.
Yellow - 1968; 5, 26, 33, 35, 43,
46. 1969; 26, 33, 36, 47, 50, 52,
91, 93. 1970: 38, 44, 69.
Ye How- throated - 1968; 5, 33, 35,
46, 48, 64, 67, 90, 94, 96. 1969;
26, 37, 47, 50, 52, 80, 91, 93.
1970: 38, 44, 46, 47, 56, 57, 72.
Waterthrush, Louisiana - 1968 ; 5,
33, 35, 43, 46, 48, 64, 85, 96.
1969; 37, 47, 50, 52, 89, 91. 1970;
38, 44, 47, 57.
Northern - 1968; 26, 33, 35, 43,46,
91, 94, 96. 1969: 26, 37, 50, 80,
91. 1970: 38, 44, 71.
Waxwing, Cedar - 1968; 32, 35, 64,
78, 90. 1969; 20, 23, 24, 36, 69,
91.
1970; 6, 9, 21,
23,
Whip-poor-will - 1968 :
: 4,
42,
43, 45, 48, 67,
85,
19,
26, 35, 45, 46,
49
79.
1970: 37, 43, 47, (
Widgeon, American - 1968 ; 20, 21,23,
31, 42, 44, 63, 65, 76, 89, 90,92.
1969: 18, 19, 22, 45, 48, 51, 54,
75, 76,
77, 89.
1970; 7,
21, 42,
46, 84.
Willet, Western -
1968: 55
. 1969:
44, 45,
65, 68,
92. 1970
: 3, 36,
87.
Willow- Tit - 1970:
: 26.
Woodcock ,
American - 1968 ;
19, 21,
23, 31,
45, 77,
90, 92.
1969; 16,
19, 22,
24, 35,
45, 51,
89. 1970:
6, 22, 24, 36, 43, 46, 47, 71, 72,
87.
Woodpecker, Downy - 1968 ; 32,35, 77,
82, 83, 85. 1969; 33, 36. 1970: 8,
28, 37, 56.
Hairy - 1968: 32, 35, 66, 77, 82,
83. 1969: 36. 1970: 8, 24, 37, 52,
53, 56, 57.
Ivory-billed - 1969 : 96.
Pileated - 1968; 32, 35, 77, 85.
1969; 33, 35. 1970: 8, 37, 56.
Red-bellied - 1968; 4, 5, 32, 35,
77, 82, 85, 96. 1969; 33, 35, 51,
1970; 8, 37, 56.
Red-cockaded - 1968; 19, 22, 41,
45, 64. 1969: 68, 90. 1970;3, 69.
Red-headed - 1968; 23, 32, 35,43,
67, 77, 85, 89, 90. 1969; 23, 36.
1970; 8, 23, 37, 43, 56 85.
Wren, Bewick's - 1968; 5, 32,35, 48,
62, 64, 67, 77, 1969; 3C
1970: 8, 23, 37, 44, 46,
71, 85. 89.
Carolina - 1968
82, 85. 1969; 3
37, 56,
House - 1968 ; 5
85, 89, 90, 94.
46, 49, 90, 93.
71, 85, 88.
Long-billed Mar
94. 1969; 26, 36, 79,
37, 44, 85.
Short-billed Marsh - 1968; 32, 35,
46, 64, 66, 75, 77, 82, 94. 1969:
88, 90. 1970: 37, 88.
Winter - 1968; 23, 32, 43, 46, 67,
>: 36,
46,
69.
r 46,
56,
57,
32,35
, 62,
, 77,
). 1970; 8,
, 28,
, 46,
62,
64,
>: 19,
26,
36,
[; 37,
43,
69,
1968:
32,
46,
>, 88,
90.
1970:
77,
90,
94.
, 1969; 23, 24, 26,
33,
36,
46,
49,
, 79, 90. 1970; 6,8,
23,
37,
43,
51,
, 52, 53, 83, 85.
Yellowlegs, Greater - 1968 ; 31,
35,
42,
45,
66,
, 93. 1969; 15, 35,
46,
49,
54,
75,
, 76, 77, 90. 1970:
36,
41,
46,
71.
, 84, 88.
Lesser - 1968; 31, 34, 42, 45,
66,
93.
1969; 15, 22, 35, 44, 46.
49,
54,
65,
90.
. 1970: 5, 8, 12, 22,36,
41,
43,
46,
, 69, 71, 84.
Yellowthroat
- 1968: 4, 5, 7, 8,
26,
33,
35,
42,
, 43, 46, 48, 64, 91
, 94.
1969; 26, 37, 47, 50, 52, 80, 87,
91. 1970: 38, 44, 56, 70, 86.
[VoL. 41, 1970]
PREPARATION OF COPY FOR PUBLICATION
The purpose of THE MIGRANT is the recording of observations and
original information derived from the study of birds, primarily in the state
of Tennessee or the area immediately adjacent to its borders* Articles for
publication originate almost exclusively from T.O.S. members.
Contributors should prepare manuscripts and submit them in a form ac-
ceptable to the printer, after editorial approval. Both articles and short notes
are solicited but their format should be somewhat different.
Some suggestions to authors for the preparation of papers for publication
are given herewith.
MATERIAL: The subject matter should relate to some phase of Tennessee
Ornithology. It should be original, factual, concise, scientifically accurate, and
not submitted for publication elsewhere.
TITLE: The title should be concise, specific, and descriptive.
STYLE: Recent issues of THE MIGRANT should be used as a guide in
the preparation of manuscripts* Where more detail is needed reference should
be made to the Style Manual for Biological Journals available from the Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C. 20016.
COPY: Manuscripts should be typed double spaced on 8ixH” paper
with adequate margins, for editorial notations, and should contain only entries
intended for setting in type, except the serial page number. Tabular data should
be entered on separate sheets with appropriate title and column headings.
Photographs intended for reproduction should be sharp with good contrast on
glossy white paper in black and white (not in color). Instructions to the
editors should be given on a separate sheet. Weights and measurements should
be in metric units. Dating should be in ‘'continental’* form (e.g., 7 March
1968).
NOMENCLATURE: Common names should be capitalized followed by
binomial scientific name in italics only after the first occurrence in the text
for both regular articles and Round Table Notes, and should conform to
the A.O.U. Check-list 5th edition, 1957. Trinomial should be used only after
the specimen has been measured or compared with typical specimens.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: When there are more than five references in an article,
they should be placed at the end of the article, otherwise they should be
appropriately included in the text.
SUMMARY: Articles of five or more pages in length should be sum-
marized briefly, drawing attention to the main conclusions resulting from
the work performed.
IDENTIFICATION: Rare or unusual species identification to be accept-
able must be accompanied by verifying evidence. This should include: date,
time, light and weather conditions, exact location, habitat, optical equipment,
distance, behavior of bird, comparison with other similar species, characteristic
markings, experience of observer, other observers verifying observation and
reference works consulted*
REPRINTS: Reprints are available on request* Reprint requests should
accompany article at the time of submission. Billing to authors will be
through the state T.O.S. Treasurer.
Books for review and articles for pubHcation should be submitted to the
editor. Seasonal reports and items should be forwarded to the appropriate
departmental editor whose name and address will be found on the inside
front cover.
CONTENTS
Observations of Certain Birds. James M. Campbell and J, C. Howell 73
Round Table Notes
Spring Sighting of American Avocets in Sumner County.
Paul Crawford 76
Cliff Swallows Nesting in Grainger County. Gary O. Wallace 77
Cliff Swallows Nesting in Knox County. Fred /. Alsop, III 78
Swainson’s Warbler Tower Casualty. Michael Patterson 78
Red Crossbills at Basin Springs. Katherine A. Goodpasture 79
Oregon Junco in Nashville.
Pauline Miller and Katherine A, Goodpasture 79
Tennessee Ornithological Society Board of Directors* Meeting.
George R, Mayfield, Jr 81
President’s Message. George R. Mayfield, Jr 82
The Season. Edited by Lee R. Herndon 83
Western Coastal Plain Region. David E, Patterson 83
Central Plateau and Basin Region. Henry E, Parmer 84
Eastern Ridge and Valley Region. James M. Campbell 87
Eastern Mountain Region. Brent Rowell 89
Species Index 1968 (VOL. 39), 1969 (VOL. 40) and 1970 (VOL. 41) 90
'
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