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COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

Founded by private subscription, in 1861.

DR. L.-pE KONINCK’S LIBRARY.

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THE

MINERAL CONCHOLOGY

GREAT BRITAIN;
OR
COLOURED FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

OF THOSE

REMAINS OF TESTACEOUS ANIMALS

Shells,

WHICH HAVE BEEN PRESERVED AT VARIOUS TIMES AND DEPTHS IN
THE EARTH.

By JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S. G.S. W.S.
HONORARY MEMBER OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN, OF
THE SOCIETY OF JENA, &c.

AUTHOR OF BRITISH MINERALOGY, EXOTIC MINERALOGY, BRI-
TISH MISCELLANY, ENGLISH FUNGI, AND A BOTANICAL
DRAWING BOOK,

DESIGNER OF ENGLISH BOTANY, &c.

Many, O Lord my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done;
they cannot be reekoned up in order to thee: if I would declare and speak
of them, they are more than can be numbered,

Psaum xl, 5.

—

VOL. II.

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LONDON:

Printed by ARDING and MERRETT, 21, Old Boswell Court, Carey Street.

And sold by the Author, J. Sowrrsy, No. 2, Mead Place, Lambeth;
SuErwoop and Co. Paternoster Row,
And by all Booksellers in Town and Country.

MDCCCXVIII.

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AMMONITES splendens.
TAB. CIII.

Spec. Cuar. Involute, depressed, front flat with
crenulated edges ; inner whorls three parts con-
cealed, few; sides flat; radii alternately one
long and two short; aperture long.

Corne d’ Ammon fort plate, unié ét ornée de
fleurs. Bourguet Traité des Petrifications.
pl. 48. f. 312.

Ture whorls are in number about three, quickly diminish-
ing, the aperture being half the diameter of the shell long
at the back, one fourth wide; the front narrower. The
long radii are very prominent near the centre of the
shell, and obscure towards the middle of the whorls; near
the front they are again prominent, and together with the
short ones form the crenulated margin; they all curve a
little towards the mouth. The middle of the front is nearly
plane. The cast is ornamented in the same way as the
external surface.

This beautiful species is found in a pyritaceous marle at
Folkstone in Kent. I received specimens from Mr. Dill-
wyn, and also from the indefatigable Mr. Gibbs. I do
not yet know of their being found elsewhere, although some
other of the Folkstone species are found in Sussex. The
shell often remains: it is extremely thin, and of a cream
colour, except where it has become partly decomposed,
when it often exhibits the most splendent iridescent lustre,
equal to those Ammonites, &c. enyelloped in the Carinthian

Youn. If.

Fon a,
\7 ‘

marble, and I think superior to the Broad Marston Am«
monites mentioned by Dr. Maton in his Tour, II. p. 21.
(Ammonites planicosta figured in my plate 73.) Fig. 2.
shows a good specimen; imagination must supply the
figure with lustre, which when the surface is made pellucid
with wet is most perfect, yet if gummed is nearly oblit-
erated. Fig. 1 is a small specimen which is less angular
but contains the centre (which is commonly lost in larger
or older specimens) whole: at the top, near the figure, is
a small vestige of the siphuncle, nearly black, which in
some specimens is preserved very distinctly, while it ap-
pears, from others which are far more perfect, impossible
for a siphuncle to exist: it is in the front as is most com-
mon. Figure 3 is a pyritaceous cast, and exhibits the
foliated sutures which are more or less conspicuous and a
little peculiar in the continuous structure below the higher
risings of the radii, which are rather blunter than in the
upper figure. A species nearly resembling this is, I be-
lieve, found at Westbrook in Wilts.

AMMONITES Calloviensis.
TAB. CIV.

Spec. Cuar. Involute, subumbilicate, rather de-
pressed; volutions about five, three-fourths
concealed; front flat; radii small, very numer-
ous, alternately one long and from two to five
short, obscure in the latter whorls of old
shells; aperture orbicular when young, deltoid
with the angles truncated when old. ‘ne

plein alt a0

Ace makes a great difference in the form of the whorls of
this shell, the young ones being roundish, and having
numerous sharp radii in sets, composed of one long one
very prominent at the commencement, and from two to five
about two-thirds the length, and all passing over the front.
The outer whorls of full grown shells are triangular, the
two inner angles being truncated, so as to give the shell an
umbilicate appearance; the surface is largely undulated,
wrinkled near the back, and has many irregular strie in
the place of radii: the inner surface differs from the outer
only in the larger whorls being free from strie and losing
the radii sooner. :

Found in a more or less mutilated state very abundantly
in the shelly Limestone at Calloways or Kellaways Bridge.
I have received specimens from many kind friends. Fig. 1
in the plate was sent me by my friend Mr. Salmon of Dee
vizes, and I picked up the specimen from which Fig. 2 is

drawn envelloped in a rough piece of Limestone on the
road near Chatley; it is much stained with rust of Iron,
but was said to have been brought from Kellaways Bridge.
Much of the shell is sometimes preserved of a dirty or
ochraceously-stained white; it is rather thick, and does not
seem much altered: in the older shells it is generally broken
away, especially in the latter whorl, where perhaps the
chambers have not been formed, as well as lower down,
where the divisions are perhaps not so strong, on account
of the breadth of their construction: the cast in this case
exhibits something of swollen large undulations, but rarely
the costz, and would not, if detached, be known as part of
the same shell. It is composed of sandy Limestone; the
chambers contain crystallized Carbonate of Lime: in some
cases no vestige of the siphuncle could be perceived, but
Fig. 1 shows it near the upper edge.

Fig. 3 exhibits a specimen given me by the Rey. H.
Steinhauer: it seems to be a much rarer variety than the
other, and is seldom found so perfect; it has similar bi-
valves, &c. about its matrix as the other has, denoting a
similar locality. This was taken out of a piece about two
inches in diameter; it distinctly shows the siphuncle which
is coloured black, whereas the rest of the shell is nearly
white Carbonate of Lime. Possibly good specimens might
prove this beautiful little shell to be a distinct species: it
differs in having a rather rounded front, the edges of which
are defined by sharpish tubercles just on the bend of the
radii; the radii also are more prominent near the centre,
and the aperture rather lunulate.

AMMONITES excavatus.
TAB. CV.

Spec. Cuar. Involute, lenticular, subumbilicate;
keel sharpish, crenulated; whorls about six,
those of the young shell exposed ; inner margin
nearly right-angled; radii curved, obscure in
full grown shells; aperture in adult shells
sagittate; inner angles truncated.

(+ SS ee

A surcur concavity separates the keel from the remaining
uniformly convex sides; the radii, which in the last-formed
whorls of full-grown shells are little more than irregular
strie, are in the first whorls very prominent over the inner
angles; these angles in the young shell are rounded, and
have not the flat space which in the old shells forms a
partial umbilicus. The length of the aperture is about half
that of the diameter of the shell, and the width at the back
about one-third. The chambers are rather distinct.

I had the pleasure of picking this up a few years ago on
the productive hill of Shotover near Oxford, and as I saw
no more specimens it may possibly be rare. The shell
which is replaced by Carbonate of Lime is moderately
thick, and appears very exact in most parts. The cham-
bers are commonly hollow, and crystallized within; the
thin septa are also distinctly replaced by Carbonate of Lime.
The finishing chamber, which would add a fourth to the
size of the whole, and which I have separate, is filled with

a granular Limestone, similar to that in which it was found,
and which is quarried there for paving, building, &c. The
perpendicular inner margin of the whorls is three-eighths of
an inch on the biggest part; thus the umbilicus is deep,
although commencing rather suddenly at the fourth whorl,
the bottom is consequently nearly flat, composed of four or
five whorls, and very perfect, to the minutest. I was glad
to discover the proper place for the siphuncle, expressed on
the upper edge, by breaking the shell in looking for the
contour of the chambers.

This somewhat resembles Amaltheus margaritatus of De
Montfort, t. 23, p. 91. The place of the siphuncle is of
much consequence in distinguishing them, as his is in the
middle of the inner margin. |

AMMONITES Walcotii.
TAB. CVI.

Spec. Cuar. Involute, depressed; volutions four,
three-fourths exposed, with a concentrate fur-~
row; lunate undulations over half the sides;
front with a carina between two furrows.

en PI ee

Aventure oblong, its length equal to one-third of the
diameter of the shell: the sides are flatted; each whorl is
divided into two parts by an obtuse furrow; the inner half
is nearly smooth, the other marked by semi-lunar depressions.

This species is much spread about; I have it in ferru-
ginous marly Limestone from near Bath—from Llantrissant
near Cardiff by favour of Miss Hill—and from White
Lackington Park. I have specimens marked Devonshire
and River Trent. It is abundant in clayey Ironstone or
black marle at Colebrook dale, with blend or black Sul-
phuret of Zinc, and included in balls in the dark pyrit-
aceous or Alum Clay at Whitby.

The species generally runs from two to four inches in
diameter; the shell is laminated and scaly, composed of
two, three or more coats, and rather deep, yet the sutures
of the septa continue to near the outside, and the form is
the same throughout the cast, differing from the outside
ornament or pattern only in the greater depth of the furrow.
The insides are divided by various crystallizations of Car-
bonate of Lime or Iron, or more solid or earthy, and more

or less distinct in the divisions or chambers, agreeably to
the nature of the stratum in which the specimens are feund.
The section figured is from a Bath specimen, and shows
several varieties of compact earthy marle, dendritical, &c.
and the divisions more or less perfect, or obliterated, as it
was cut rather irregularly, and the double line of the siphun- —
culus is in some places very unintelligible; it is, however,
very conspicuous in many specimens just under the thin
shell of the keel, and appears to be nearly continuous.
Walcot’s figure (Bath Petrifactions, fig. 41, p. 32) appears
a worn specimen, the inner whorls being destitute of trans-
verse cost. Its foliated sutures are sometimes more distinct.

AMMONITES angulatus.
TAB. CVI.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Involute; volutions six or more,
exposed, angular at the back within; radii
prominent, split over the frout, commencing
in the cast from a narrow concave space.

Ture aperture is rather longer than wide, its width equals
one-fifth the diameter of the shell; around the concentric
angle at the inner part of the whorl is a narrow concave
space, from the outer part of which commence the radii:
this angle and the concave space are indistinct on the out-
side of the shell. |

I received this, I think, rare and curious specimen from
the Whitby Alum Clay, by favour of Mr. J. M. Sowerby,
among various other specimens. The line at the inner
part is apparently only in the cast, the small shelly part
remaining on the specimen being destitute of it. The shell
appears to be replaced by a mixture of pyrites, Carbonate
of Iron, and Limey marle, but more stony within. The
sinuated margins of the septa are rather close, but not par-
ticular or very distinct; if any thing they are more acute
than inthe A. communis. I have not seen the. siphuncle
or plains of the septa, but I presume they bear a close
resemblance to the following. Indeed the resemblance
between this species and communis is so general, that if
the internal angle were not observed, it would, from its
external appearance, be considered as the same, yet I
expect it is always more ovate in the opening, with an
approach to a flattish front. The shell seems somewhat
laminated. The forked divisions in the front of the shell
turn upwards in both.

AMMONITES communis.
TAB. CVII.—Figs. 2, and 3.

Srec. Cuar. Involute; volutions’ six or more,
exposed; radii annular, prominent, split over
the front; aperture circular.

Syn. Corne d’ Ammon a raies doublées vers le haut
du dos. Bourguet, &c. pl. 42. f. 276.

Tur aperture about one-fifth the diameter of the shell.
The radii, which in the cast commence quite at the inside
of each whorl, are continued nearly straight to the round
front, over which they are sometimes forked and sometimes
divided and united again on the opposite side.

This species, varyiug a little, is very common in the
Alum Clay at Whitby; it is mostly dark coloured cal-
careous matle, shining with pyrites. ‘The Ammonites are
called in common Snake-stones, and superstition has ac-
counted for their having been found constantly without
heads, saying, the curse of St. Cuthbert was the cause of
it; but as some of the dealers felt it a possible inconvenience,
they were determined to be less barbarous, and compassion-
ately supplied some with heads. I was so curious as to de-
sire to see what sort of heads might be substituted, and Lady
Wilson kindly procured me a specimen when at Whitby.
I have figured that specimen for the information ‘of others ;
see fig. 2. The beatiful Keynsham Ammonites are also
called Snake-stones, having been changed into stone by
some devotee for the benefit of his brethren. Fig. 3isa
small specimen, showing something of the section and sep-
tum, which is nearly round, exclusive of the space occupied
by the inner whorl.

This species is perhaps among the fossil Ophiopomor-
phites of Plott.

AMMONITES Nutfieldiensis.

TAB. CVIIL.

Spec. Cuar. Involute, volutions four or more,
nearly concealed; radii numerous, prominent,
with shorter intermediate ones over the round-
ing front. Aperture obcordate.

EEE

Sepra rather numerous, elegantly lobed and sinuated in
the usual way; the intermediate shorter radii, or rather
undulations, are often in pairs; they extend nearly half
way over the sides: the longer radii are most prominent
near the centre. The mouth is two-fifths of the diameter in
length, and about the same in width; the front rounded.

Plentiful in the green Sandstone, above the greater beds
of Fullers Earth in which the fine-coloured Sulphate of
Barytes, Brit. Min. tab. 237, is imbedded. It is found from
three inches to a foot in diameter, if I may include some
specimens which vary a little in the radii. The present
species has two or three short ones in a set, but some appear
to have radii regularly the whole length all round. Some
also appear to be more compressed, others rounder. The
specimens are chiefly casts in dark Irony clay, ochraceous
externally, and have sandy Quartz and Chlorite about them.

A specimen which I have lately received from Hythe in
green sand is the same species.

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MUREX striatus,
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Var. a (carinatus) havisg three or four of the
transverse projections more prominent - than
the rest, especially the upper ones.

res we Sheree

There have been found recent shells very similar to this,
and bearing the same relation to M. antiguus, Finn. (M.
despectus, Penn.) as this does to my M. striatus, tab. 22,
such appears to be the M. carinatus, Penn. I have.a
recent specimen somewhat carinated, and among a number >
of Fossil ones a complete series is easily selected. These
Fossils have often been taken for the same species as the
recent M. carinatus, but an attentive view of the propor-
tions of the spire and the last whorl will readily distinguish
all the varieties: the recent one having a longer spire,
more like M. contrarius, tab. 23. which also is liable to
the same carinated variation of form, but in a less degree
and more rarely. I have endeavoured to show some va-
riety with the younger shell, selected by Mrs. Cobbold
from the same pit as M. striatus and M. contrarius, formerly
figured, and with which the least carinated ones had been
arranged in pairs. I have also had great variety from the
Rey. G. R. Leathes and other Suffolk friends.

Fig. 1 is a moderate sized specimen; fig. 2 shows al-
most all the projections rather broad; in fig. 3 they are
more regular; and in fig. 4 they are monstrous, and the
beak is elongated: fig. 5 is a young shell.

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BUCCINUM, Linn. &c.

Gen. Cuar. Univalve; spiral; oval, or elongated ; —
aperture nearly longitudinal, oblong, with a
reflected sinus at the base of the columella.
Columella plain, tumid.

BUCCINUM elongatum.
TAB. CX.—Fiig. |.

Sree. Cuan. Shell ovate-elongated, transversely
striated; whorls seven, rather convex, longi-
tudinally undulated; outer lip obscurely cre-
nulated within; mouth oval with a short re-
curved sinus.

Twice as long as wide, the aperture is rather less than
half the length ; the undulations upon the lesser whorls are
tolerably regular and straight; upon the last whorl they
are less uniform and more curved; the inner lip is smooth,
thicker at the base.

Some doubts may be entertained, of this being a trifling
variety of B. undatum of Linn. with greater regularity in
the undulations, since we know how much the B. undatum
varies in that respect: indeed it is with much uncertainty
I give it here as another species. The length of the spire
may perhaps distinguish it, wherefore I have called it
elongatum. Mr. Herbert brought this shell from Walton le
Soken Crag-pits, Essex, in 1810. I donot at present know of
another specimen, but would recommend further search to
be made after fossils so nearly related to recent shells. It is

a curious circumstance, that not long since, my kind friend,
the Rev. W. Bingley, presented me with a remarkably
distorted recent specimen (perhaps I should call it a mon-
strosity ) of Buccinum undatum with a very elongated spire,
twice as long as the lower whorl, and with a single spiral
rounded ridge embossed on the upper part of it.

BUCCINUM rugosum.
ANB, CX. Figs

Srec. Cuar. Shell ovate-elongated, obtuse, trans-
versely striated ; spire with twelve or fourteen
angles ; whorls five, prominent; aperture ob-

ovate, latter whorl rugged.

— ee

Avsnrvre about one-third the length of the shell, rather
broadest at the lower part, the sinus in the beak scarcely
recurved; the angles on the spire are large undulations,
something like those on B. undatum, but more elevated
and regular. The apex of the spire is truncated and
thick, showing that the egg must have been rather large.

- Received from Holywell, by favour of Mrs. Cobbold:
specimens are found of various sizes, sometimes quite white,
and often stained with ochre, especially in the hollow parts,
prettily relieving the projections. Its general form bears a
great resemblance to Murex rugosus, tab. 54, but it wants
the canal in the beak.

BUCCINUM reticosum.
TAB. CX.—Fig. 2.

Seec. Cuar. Shell oblong-ovate, acute, reticu-
lated; whorls six, with the upper and lower
‘parts rounded and sides flattish: outer lip
toothed within.
Ee 2
"Tue reticulated surface of this shell very much resembles
the impression of some coarse cloth; it is prominent, formed
by strong transverse striz, crossing numerous longitudinal,
rather acute undulations; the transverse strie approach
in pairs, and are twice as numerous as the undulations:
the mouth is an oval, pointed at the upper end, and with
a recurved sinus at the lower. The greatest width of the
shell is less than half the length, and equal to the length
of the aperture: the outer lip is toothed and striated within ;
inner lip plane, covering the columella.
Mrs. Cobbold favoured me with this well-preserved spe-
eimen from Holywell; it is an handsome-formed shell.

BUCCINUM granulatum.
TAB. CX.—Fig. 4.

ao Er

Spec. Cuar. Shell ovate, pointed, transyersely-
striated, and with twenty longitudinal rows of
tubercles; outer lip thickened, many-toothed

within.
er A Es ex

Tus bas about four rather swelling whorls; between the
striz are many little tubercles arranged in longitudinal
ridges, sometimes larger on the upper edge of the whorl ;
at the upper part of the inner lip is a tooth so placed oppo-
site to one in the outer lip, as to form with it an apparent
sinus, corresponding, but smaller, with that at the base of
the columella. The aperture is obovate; edge of the outer
lip rather straightened in the middle; the sinus at the base
is a little curved.

A pretty little shell, which varies from less than a quarter
to nearly three quarters of an inch in length. I haye been
favoured with very perfect specimens by my Ipswich
friend. It closely resembles B. macula, but may be dis-
tinguished, by the longitudinal rows of tubercles or granules.

OSTREA gregarea.
TAB. CXI.—Figs. 1 and 3.

Spec. Cuar. Clustered, oblong, curved, plaited s
plaits many, rugged, diverging from a longi-
tudinal plait or sulcus; valves unequally con-
vex, beaks produced and curved.

"Tue lower valve is usually more concave than the other,
and more or less carinated; the general form of the shell is
very variable, nevertheless it constantly curves towards
that side in which lies the muscular impression. The
plaits are often branched near their commencement; they
vary in length, several not reaching the central line; those
in the hollow side are smallest. There are no vestiges of
ears by the sides of the hinge, the pit of which has a
central concavity in the lower valve, and a corresponding
convexity iu the other, characters which distinguish this
from the plaited Oyster found in the green Sand. The shell
is rather slender, especially towards the edges.

Immense masses of these shells haye been found near
Devizes: they are of a greyish colour, and so much at-
tached to each other, that it is difficult to distinguish the
valves, and pairs nearly detached are rare, Mr, Sheffield
has fine specimens, which he was so good as to lend me;
for others I am indebted to Mrs. Gent. A greyish Lime-
- stone often fills the insides, and sometimes partially covers
the outsides.

The large upper valve, of which two figures are given
at fig. 3, is filled with a similar stone superficially stained
with Iroa: it seems to correspond in some respects with
Delamarck’s description of O. pectinata: it was sent me
by the Rey. Mr. Steinhauer, from the upper Coral rag, at
Westbrook, near Melksham, Wilts.

All the species of Oysters are so variable in their contour,
that it is difficult from description to determine them.

OSTREA palmetta.

TAB. CXI.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate-roundish, obscurely one-eared,
depressed, with a plaited margin; plaits diverg-
ing from a longitudinal space ; beaks straight.

Tus shell is but slightly curved, it is flatter and the plaits
are few and more irregular than in O. gregarea, but it may
‘prove to be a variety in a young state.

Found in Marston field, near Oxford, by Mr. Baker,
in a somewhat redder soil than the preceding. The upper
valve easily separated, and allowed the inside of the other
to be properly seen; there was but a small piece of earth
in it.

GRYPH/ALA, Delamerck.

Gen. Cuar. A free (except when very young)
unequal-valved, ineqvilateral bivalve; larger
valve involutely curved, concave, lesser valve
flaitish, beakless. Hinge a transversely striated
pit, containing an imternal ligament, without
teeth or crenatures.

1 ESS re

‘Vue lamellar structure of the Gryphites and their texture
is much the same as that of the Ostracites, the hinge is
also of the same nature; but the general form has afforded
Delamarck a distinguishing character; how far this is
sufficient, I leave others to judge. The gencral per-
pendicularity of the hinge, the restriction on the right
side, and the concayity of the smaller valve may assist.
The length of most of the species is greater than the
width ; the larger and lower valve is very concave, gra-
dually curved into a large, more or less involute beak,
along which runs one side of the pit holding the hinge
cartilage: this side is consequently curved. The lesser
valve is flat or convex within, and forms a kind of lid;
the part to which the hinge cartilage is attached in this
valve, is flat and perpendicular. The very young shells are
nearly flat and attached to other bodies, of which they
take the impression, through both valves; when they are
full grown they lose their attachment, and the impression
kemains upon the beak of one valve and upon that part of

the other valye which met it when it was young, although now
far removed. I have a specimen, upon the beak of which
is the concave impression of a Catdium, and a convex
impression upon the lid;* their correspondence appears at
first difficult to understand, but they prove, that Gryphaz
are no more free shells than Ostree. The otherwise independ-
ent appearance of full grown shells, deceived the great and
discerning Delamarck. The right side is often distinguished
by an obscure lobe or sulcus.

These shells seem generally more changed than most pe-
trified Oysters, and the lamina are less tender and less
divided. Fragments, however, are often with difficulty
distinguished from those of Oysters. I do not quite know
at present that [ have received Ostrea from the same stra-
tum as the Gryphee, yet the former are abundant in many
places. We conceive, that a knowledge of the different spe-
cies of Gryphza will be of some importance in identifying
formations, as they appear to occur in many places. I
have them in the blue and white Lias ; in the great Oolite,
particularly in the Clay which intersects its beds; in the
Clunch Clay, the Kellaway Limestone, &c. and from the
following places; Weston, near Bath; Purton Passage-
ferry, in the mud; Frethern; Weymouth; Radipole ;
Kellaway; Elveston, near Bedford; Norton-Disney, in
Lincolnshire; Kettering, in Northamptonshire ; Birdbrook,
in Essex; Strontian, in Argylehire; and Belfast.

¥ T have a recent Oyster adhering to a Pecten, which has the impression
of the ribs of the Pecten through both valves in a similar way, although a
quarter of aa inch or more in depth : also some specimens of Anomia ephip-
pium of Linneus, which are larger, (being always an adherent shell, and
when on the common Oyster not appearing particular) but the ribs or
strie being thus formed, gives them a sort of specific difference. I had
this long since, through the generosity of Miss Pocock, gathered near
Marazion.

GRYPH/A incurva.
TAB. CXIl.—Figs. 1 and 2.

a ar ee

Serc. Cuar. Elongated, very involute, right side
an obscure lobe, lesser valve oblong, externally
concave.

Syn. Parkinson, Org. Rem. vol. lil. p. 209, t. XV.
f.3. Walcot’s Bath Fossils, f. 34, p. 51 N.

So great is the curve of this that the point of the beak is
often concealed ; when visible it is generally sharp, seldom
showing any impression, ‘The curvature is very regular,
extending about one turn and an half. The surface is
much laminated and rather rugose. The sides are straight,
widening gently towards the round front. The lid is ob-
long, widened towards the front and truncated at the
hinge, where it is very thick. ‘The curvature of the beak
is sometimes, but rarely, oblique at the apex. The upper
specimen, fig. 1, is from the Lias near Frethern, in
Gloucestershire, by favour of Thomas Meade, Esq. Its
incurvation seems to hide the mark of attachment, which,
however, will be found distinct in many of the genus.
My kind friend, Thomas Walford, Esq. long since.
favoured me with the curious gregareous specimen, fig. 2.
from Birdbrook, Essex; it resembles some I haye from the
Cornbrash at Chatley, &c.

GRYPH/A obliquata.

TAB. CXIL—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Oblong, slightly involute, oblique;
right side an obscure lebe; lesser valve irregu-
larly ovate, externally concave.

"Tur curvature of this shell rarely forms one whole circle,
the beak turns to the right side; it is seldom sharp, but
often truncated by the surface of adhesion to other bodies
when it was young: it is a broader shell than the last,
with rounded sides.

This species does not seem to mix with the preceding,
and by a little use will always be discriminated ; it either
belongs to another rock formation or another part of the
-same stratum; information relative to the places they are
found at, and other circumstances, may ripen our know-
ledge as to these particulars.

Most of my specimens of this species are out of blue
Lias; one of them has minute young ones attached to it,
these are very flat, nearly circular, a quarter of an inch or
less in length, without the least appearance of curvature,
although they show more beak than young Oysters in
general do. Part of the shell of this is replaced by Silex,
with those concentric marks so frequent on the green Sand
Fossils; it is in blue Lias, from St. Donat’s Castle, Gla-
morganshire, by the Rey. W. Traherne. )

PLAGIOSTOMA punctata.
TAB. CXIil.—Figs. 1 and 2.

et ——

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, obliquely obovate; with
numerous diverging strie; anterior side long,
straight ; ears nearly equal; diverging striz
transversely marked with other very fine striz,
or punctums.

TR ee

Wiauen young the margin is rather a greater segment of a
circle than half, but older shells approach to an oval, the
greatest length of which is placed obliquely parallel to
the cavity on the anterior side, in which lies one of the
ears; the diverging strie are fine, becoming obscure in
the older shells; the transverse ones are hardly to be seen,
except in the hollows of the others, where they appear as
minute punctums; in the young shells they undulate, and
seem like rows of minute punctums across each of the di-
verging strie. The length and breadth, taken at right
angles to each other, are nearly equal; the depth of one
valve near the beak is about one sixth of the length.
Having given some of the Plagiosiome in tab. 77 and 78,
T now add a few more species of this tribe, which it may
be proper to distinguish, and save some inconvenience to
the inexperienced: different species having their respective
localities, they will be better understood. The present
species has a distinct character in the punctums, as pointed
out by Miss E. Hill. This is from a quarry, at Pickeridge
Hill, of hardish light and dark grey Limestone, called
grey and blue Lias, provincially; it is a little foctid when
scraped ; has faint impressions of shells much pressed, or
flattened volutions of Ammonites, which being rather on
the face of the stone, form a natural resemblance which

the men call “‘ Clocks*.”” I have another specimen from
St. Douat’s Casile, Glamorganshire, by favour of the Rev.
W.. Traherne. Fig. 2 is a young specimen from the ruins
of the keep of Cardiff Castle, which was built by Robert.
Fitzhammon, A. D. 1110. Such were found also at Barry
Island, in 1792, by Miss Hill. The stone is very like
the other.

PLAGIOSTOMA cardiiformis.
TAB. CXIlL.—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbous, nearly circular, longitudi-
nally furrowed, smooth; anterior side short,
straight; wings equal.

a ae ace cr ce

So fine are the transverse stria in this shell, that they are
nearly lost, except at the bottoms of the furrows, where
they look like rows of very minute dots; this is a direct
shell, with nearly equal sides, a little longer than wide ; the
margin is toothed within: it is nearly related to P. spinosa,
tab. 78, having in common with that, much of the general
form of a Cardium. Depth of a single valve about one-
third of the length.

The great Oolite stratum contains also, larger and lighter
or darker coloured specimens of this Plagiostoma, than the
one I have figured. I am indebted to the Rev. H. Stein-
hauer for several specimens from Petty France, in Glouces-
tershire, —

* In a quarry near is the cone-eoral Limestone mentioned in British
Mineralogy, vol. 2, tab. 149, passing into striated Limestone or striated
Spar, the local term for which is ‘‘ Charrow-bed.”’ Pickeridge Hill,
mentioned before at pp. 177, 190, and 228, is in the parish of Corffe, four
miles S. of Taunton, Somersetshire.

27
PLAGIOSTOMA rigida.
TAB. CXIV.—Fig. 1.

Srrc. Cuar. Gibbous, obliquely obovate, with
many diverging sharp thread-like ribs, and
very minute intervenisg transverse strie; an-
terior side long, straight, very concave; ears
nearly equal.

es RR ee

Tur ribs are sharp, irregularly waved, a little zigzag,
about three or four times their thickness distant from each
other; the beaks are rather prominent, the shell entire at
the edge, thin and rigid to the touch, in consequence of the
sharpness of the ribs; except the greater depth, its proportions
are the same as in P. punctata. The striae upon the space
between the ribs are too fine to be seen without a lense.

I picked this up in one of the quarries at Shotover, other-
wise I have only met with it once, when my friend, Mr.
Sheffield, lent me a specimen marked Oxford. P. ovalis
is like it, except in being a narrower formed shell, and
from the strie of growth the present does not appear to
have been narrower when younger.

PLAGIOSTOMA ovalis.
TAB. CXIV.—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Rather gibbous, oblique, elongated,
oval, with many small ribs and minute inter-
vening transverse stria; anterior side concave,
slightly recurved.

een eee

Very nearly resembling P. rigida, so that at first sight
it might be taken for the young of it, but it is of a nar-
rower oval shape, the ribs are rounded, and at a distance
from each other only equal to once their thickness; the
length exceeds the width, taken at right angles to it.

My specimen is a very neat one from the Fuller’s-carth
Rock at Small-Cossall, near Bath. The Rev. H. Stein~
hauer sent it to me in 1813.

—

PLAGIOSTOMA obscura.
TAB. CXIV.— Fig. 2.
Spec. Cuar. Rather gibbous, oblique, ovate,
smooth, externally ribbed? with twenty-five

internal sulci: -anterior side flattish; beaks

prominent.
eR wen

Tre width of this shell is greater than the length; it iselegant
in form, the anterior side not being so straight as in most
Plagiostomx, and the beaks more elevated. 1 am not cer-
tain, but suppose the margin to be toothed. This specimen
from Kellaway was obligingly presented to me by Mr.
Salmon.

PLAGIOSTOMA pectinoides.
TAB. CXIV.—Fig. 4.

SPKc. Cuar. Depressed, a little oblique, obovate,
rather argular at the back ; beak pointed; sur-
face with twentv or more carinated ribs, trans-
versely striated; internally plane; margin
toothed.

Berween each of the ribs the space is very narrow, a
little elevated and terminated at the margin by a tooth; the
transverse striz are little else than lines of growth, but they
are very numerous and sharp. Both sides are straight, the
anterior one twice the length of the other; the ears are pro-
minent and the general contour is that of a Pecten.

From a clayey part of the soil at Pickeridge Hill, by
favour of Miss Hill.

1306

VOLUTA, Linn. Delam.

Gen. Cuar. Univalve, ovate, subventricose ; apex
papillary; base emarginate; columella pli-
cated, inferior plice largest and longest.

VOLUTA luctator.
TAB. CXV.--- Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Shell ovate-acute, crowned with tu-
bercular spines, terminating longitudinal ribs,
transversely striated or sulcated; whorls con-
cave above, with a rugged edge; outer lip
plain within; mouth oblong.

Syn. Strombusluctator. Brand. Hant. 64.
Voluta musicalis. Lamarck. Env. de Paris 26.

“.

Tue spire is a short cone with rather concave sides ; one
row of short thick spines winds up it, diminishing rapidly
towards the apex; from the bases of these spines proceed
undulations or ribs which extend to the beak, and are
crossed by numerous linear sulci or plaits, deepest about
the lower part; the whole surface above and a small
space below the spines is free from transverse strie, but
the whole is longitudinally striated. The last whorl is
about three times the length of the spire, angular above
and but slightly ventricose; its upper edge is rugged with
obscure tubercles, and sometimes an angular depression.
Aperture oblong, lips nearly parallel and smooth: on the
columella are three or four plaits.
VOL. 11, XX!

The shell here figured agrees with Brander’s from
Barton above quoted. It has generally a coarser appear-
ance than its congeners and is often larger, sometimes,
perhaps, four or more inches long. The spire varies at
the apex, being sometimes very blunt. Itis very doubtful
whether Branders fig. 65, ought to have been retained
under the same name by him.

From Barton Cliff, I have also the fragment of a young
one in the blue clay, from a well dug in Richmond Park
some years ago.

VOLUTA spinosa.
TAB. CXV. Figs. 2 and 4, Var. & fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate-acute, ventricose, crowned
with large spines extending into the longitu-
dinal ribs, and a row of smaller spines near the
upper edge of the whorl; whorls concave
above, transversely striated below. Mouth
ovate-elongated; outer lip plain within.

Syn. Strombus luctator. Brand. Hant. fig. 65.

Voluta spinosa. Lamarck. Env. de Paris 26.

SS to the last in general form, but the last whorl
is ventricose ; the edge of the whorls above the concave
upper part is generally rectangular, with a row of sharp
spines upon its angle. The transverse strie are often
obscure over the upper half or more of the whorl. The
mouth has a very obtuse angle at the upper part. Var.
8 has a greater number of ribs and is less ventricose, fig. 3.

This is fig. 65 of Brander, andresembles, or is perhaps
the same as Lamarck’s V. spinosa, although in the French
specimens I possess, the whorls are blended into each
other, and the lesser row of spines is more irregular ; it
is besides shorter in proportion to the width. The neatest,
whitest, and best preserved specimens at Barton Cliffare
generally of this species, but the French specimens are
frequently more perfect still, having the yellow lines of
colour preserved. The variety 6 is more distant from the
French shell; my figure of it shows the plaited columella,
characteristic of the Genus, but which is mostly hid by
the position of the shells in Brander’s beautiful figures.
Fig. 4. is intermediate in form between fig. 2 and 3. My
specimens of this species, and also of V. luctator, have
all the outer lip so broken as not to show whether it be
striated within or not, I therefore take that character from
Brander’s descriptions.

VOLUTA ambigua var. monstrosa.
TAB. CXV.--- Fig. 5.

Spec. Car. Shell elongated ovate, acute, with
longitudinal undulations and sharp transverse
strie ; spire crowned with two rows of obsolete
spines. Aperture acute at the top, expanded
at the base; outer lip dentato-striated within.

Syn. Volutaambigua. Brand. Hant. 69.

A much narrower shell than either of the last; that
part of the whorl above the undulations, or ribs, instead
of being concave as in them, is rounded, and has a trans-

verse ridge along its middie: the spines are very small,
and only worthy the name on the lesser whorls. The
variety here figured is curious, on account of a deep
groove along the upper part of the whorls around the
whole of the spire; the species may, however, be dis-
tinguished, by the constantly rounding upper part of the —
whorls, and the spines being less prominent. I am fa-
voured with this curiosity from Barton Cliff, by the Rev.
W. Bingley.

NAUTILUS elegans.
TAB. CXVI.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, umbilicate, with numerous
linear, reflexed, radiating sulci.

A sour two thirds as thick as wide ; the septa are rather
numerous, gently waved ; the aperture is obtusely sagit-
tate, with the posterior angles truncated ; umbilicus small,
perhaps closed.

This fine specimen was found in the chalk marle, at
Ringmer, in Sussex, in 1814, by Mr. Mantell, and from
the remains over the umbilicus it must have been as wide
again. I have had numerous portions; one of the last
chamber, which not having the siphuncle (in general per-
ceptible) is often less intelligible than when broken so as
to show its place, as in this specimen. I suspect that
this species is not uncommon near Heytesbury and in some
other parts of Wiltshire. I remember Mr. Cunnington had
a fine specimen, which, I think, was the same species, but
as it was purchased among other things by Dr. Parry that
Gentleman only can decide it. It is often found very
much distorted, in Sussex, and other places, baving the
curved lines, its particular character, very much worn or
lost, as in the greater part of this specimen.

Mr. Cunnington’s, if I remember right, was very per-
fect in this respect.

Ree ae

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35
AMONITES monile.
TAB. CXVIL.

Spec. Cuar. Sub-umbilicate, with tubercular radii;
inner whorls exposed ; tubercles hollow, in the
interior deep, externally obsolete on the mar-

gin; external surface divergingly striated ;
aperture transversely ovate.

Ix the cast the radii are composed of tubercles gradually
rising higher and becoming elongated towards the front,
where the last one is bifid; this and several others are not
to be seen on the outside, because the shell is so thick
between them as to make the surface level. The inner sur-
face is smooth; the front rather concave, finely striated
externally. Aperture about one-third the diameter of the
shell in length, and nearly twice as wide. Occasionally
we see the siphuncle just within the front.

I am favoured with this, and other curious productions
of the green sand at Sandgate, near Folkstone, by a dis-
cerning friend, whose zeal for scientific research could not
resist attention, even to the often refused rejectamenta of
former animation, preserved, Tam apt to think, as monu-
ments of the most highly instructive nature, regarding the
lapse of ages; while tuey often afford splendid examples
of beauty increased by premature decay.

This Ammonite in many ways baffies description, in
being so various according to its state of preservation;
the shell is thick originally, and rather laminated; its
surface decaying may give much variety as to the protu-
berances, while it occasionally becomes nacreous with an
indescribable lustre; and often most so when the last

remains of the inner shelly lamina exposes the cast, and
when the moniliform appearance is most prominent, ele-
gantly forming semicircles, like so many necklaces one

above another, not unaptly reminding us of those in
fashion about a century ago.

TEREBRATULA plicatilis.
TAB. CXVIII.---Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, transversely obovate, finely
and obtusely plaited ; middle elevated by twelve
plaits; fifteen or more plaits on each side ;
beak slightly projecting.

Lee rather greater than the depth; width about one
third greater than the length. The plaits continue to
near the beak. The beaked valve is rather less gibbose
than the other.

L have this species most perfect from the upper Chalk
at Northfleet near Gravesend, and also filled with flint
from Margate: it is sometimes in such a state as to sepa-
rate from the chalk, and show something of the interior
construction, which is very desirable in this division of
shells, as it is often very remarkable. The two upper
figures are the upper and lower valve separated from the
chalk, and showing the construction of the hinge. The
next figure shows both valves closed together.

TEREBRATULA octo-plicata.
TAB. CXVIIL.---Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, transversely obovate, ob-
tusely plaited ; middle elevated by eight plaits ;
twelve or fourteen plaits on each side; beak
projecting.

Tans differs from the last in the number of plaits, having
at most but 9 at the sinus, itis also a rather longer shell,

From the Chalk at Lewes; the two specimens here
figured differ from each other in the number of plaits, and
slightly in shape, but we do not know how to consider
them as distinct species: this and the last are nearly
related to T. concinna t. 83. fig. 6.

TEREBRATULA. Wilsoni.
TAB. CXVIII.---Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Circular, plaited; front cylindri-
cal, margin acutely dentated, elevated in
the middle with seven plaits; nine or ten
plaits on each side ; valves compressed towards

the beaks.

ncn asia

Tue front of this shell is placed at a right angle to the
beaked valve, and is nearly of the same length: the re-
maining parts of both valves are slightly convex: the
form of the shell is therefore a cylinder cut off obliquely
at one end, and rounded: the sinus at the front, although
very deep, does not alter the evenness of the surface.
This is from Mordiford, E.S.E. of Hereford, by favour
of Lady Wilson: the structure is curiously different from
any I have otherwise seen. I have the honour of naming
it after her Ladyship, in commemoration of her zeal for
research in this science. The specimens have some of the
shell remaining; and are filled with a darkish limestone.

39
MAGAS.

Gen. Cuar. An equilateral unequalvalved bivalve :
one valve with an angular sinus along an in-
curved beak ; line of the hinge and back of the
other valve straight, with two projections near
the middle.

A partial longitudinal septum with appendages
attached to the hinge within.

er LR

Tis new Genus has the general contour of the plain
Terebratulz figured in tab. 15; but attention to the parts
about the hinge soon distinguishes it. The beak has no
circular perforation as in them; but there is a large qua-
drangular foramen, two sides of which are formed by two
projections from the straight back of the flatter valve, and
the other two run along to the point where they meet; on
each side of it is a flat space extending from the line of
the hinge, which is much longer than the foramen, to the
apex: if the valves be separated the foramen is divided
into two angular sinus’s, that in the beaked valve being
much the largest. In the middle of the shell rises a thin
longitudinal septum reaching from one valve to the other;
the upper part of it arches over tothe hinge, the front of
it is perpendicular, on each side are two shelf-like ap-
pendages, one over the other, the upper ones united by
slender processes to the hinge. I know of but one species,
some variation in these particulars may be expected in
others, but the general structure is sufficiently remarkable
to warrant the establishment of the Genus.* Most

* It is not unlikely that Martin’s Anomites glaber and others resembling
it, the internal structure of which I kave not been able to examine, may
belong to this Genus. It were much to be wished that some person would
publish an account of the curious internal appendages of these shells,

of the Terebratula ‘have lines along the beak, in the
same direction as the sinus in this, but the back of the
flatter valve is arched, never straight; this also wants the
perforation in the beak. The resemblance of the arched
septum to the bridge of a violin has suggested the generic
name: to which valve this septum is attached I have not
been able to ascertain, because I could not open the shell
without breaking it.

MAGAS pumilus.
TAB. CXIX.

SPCC. cette Races’

4 Ree beaked valve is hemispherical, smooth, with a cir-
cular edge, and small incurved beak; the other valve
nearly flat, with a long transverse straight back.

Mr. Richard Taylor, jun. favoured me with specimens
of this singular shell, found in the Chalk near Maudes-
ley, Norwich. The construction being new to me I was
glad to exhibit it, especially as it appears to be newly
discovered in the chalk; the specimens, he observes, are
sometimes smaller than No. 1, but seldom larger than No.2,
3, and 4. The extraordinary interior construction I have
only been able to give an imperfect idea of, not having an
opportunity to examine sufficient specimens. When mag-
nified the shell is found to be curiously punctured in a
minute quincunx order, which appears to depend on the
construction of it, as in most of the tribe related to the
Terebratula; it is generally most apparent within the
substance.

SPIRIFER.

Gen. Cuar. An equilateral unequalvalved bivalve ;
valves beaked ; one valve with a large angular
sinus along the inside of the beak; hinge
transverse, long and straight. ‘T'wo spirally
coiled linear appendages to the hinge nearly
filling the shell.

= RES

Tae shells of this Genus are in general wider than long,
with a large sinus or fold elevating the front; unarmed;
many of them longitudinally furrowed. The sinus in
the beak being met at its open end by the back of the
lesser valve, forms a triangular foramen, with inflected
edges.* The surface of the beak on each side of this fora-
men is flatted and often widely extended, having numerous
parallel longitudinal strie upon it, which gives it much the
appearance of the outside of the hinge of Arca. I think this
Genus will comprehend nearly all the shells, retained as
Terebraiula by Lamarck, which have a triangular foramen
and not a perforation at the apex of the beak as the cha-
racter of that Genus requires. The several individuals in
which I have discovered the spiral appendages, bear a con-
siderable natural affinity to each other,+ from which circum-
stance we may venture to place many analogous species
in the Genus, although their interior has not been ex-

* In some species I have traced these edges quite across the beak, forming
septa, somewhat like those in the flatter valve of the Pentamerus, but
confined to the beak.

+ I gave a paper some time since to the Linnean Society, on the con-
struction of this spiral tubular cartilage, which almost fills the sheils,
and which I have seen full proof of in Derbyshire and Irish specimens ;
and Mr. Brown has some curious specimens from Van Diemens land.

posed. I conceive that all those in Martin’s division of
Anomite d. d. (Martins’s outlines, &e. p- 243.) which he
describes as having both valves convex, and a large tri-
gonal foramen belong to this Genus, and also, perhaps,
those of his next section with a small foramen, but we
are not sufficiently acquainted with their internal struc-
ture, to decide whether another Genus may not be neces-
sary to render the divisions of the Linnean Genus Ano-
mia quite natural.

SPIRIFER cuspidatus.

Spec. Cuar. Inversely pyramidal, longitudi-
nally suleated; back flat, triangular, equila-
teral; front elevated by a semicircular sinus,
corresponding to a large longitudinal rising in
the upper, and depression in the lower valve.

Syn. Anomia cuspidata. W. Martin mm Trans.
of Linn. Soc. IV. p. 45. t. 3.
andt.4.fig.5. Petrif. Derb.
t. 46. &A7. fig. 3. 4. and 5.

Terebratula. Parkinson Org. Rem. III.
234. t. 16. fig. 17.

Drien valve nearly flat at the back, because its beak is
but slightly incurved, or is straight, and sometimes even
it is recurved; its depth is equal to its greatest width,
which is occupied by the line of the hinge; the other
valve is about one third the depth: the length is equal to
about one half the width; the edge semicircular; there

are about fifteen sulci on each side of the smooth central
wave. A few lines of growth are marked on its surface,
continuing over the back, which is finely striated longi-
tudinally. The edges of the foramen are inflected. I
have not discovered the spiral appendages to the hinge,
but as they may be seen in Anomia trigonalis of Martin,
t. 29. f. 36. it is probable they might be found in this, if
the specimens were fortunately preserved.

We were obliged to the late Mr. W. Martin for the first
account of this species in 1798, and it had not been a se-
cond time discovered by him or mentioned by any other
author until very lately: he observes it is very rare at
Castleton, and that its structure is truly remarkable,
&c. As species of shells are said to determine the pre-
cise age of the rock they are found in, by degrees we
shall gain much useful instruction.

A few years since my good friend, and friend to
science, W. Danby, Esq. gave me a specimen, gathered
below St. Vincent’s rock, near Bristol, and in May,
1815, the Rev. J. M. Trahernes sent it to me as he ob-
serves, “ from the Mountain Lime with Entrochi, near
St. Hilary, Glamorganshire.” I have also a specimen
from near Cork, by favour of Dr. T. Wood, in 1812.
The two first have a few scaly remains of the shell; they
are somewhat distorted, with incurved beaks; that from
Bristol has some signs of Entrochi, in a dark reddish
Limestone; in the other they are very distinct and abun-
dant, the stone is darker with red stains. The specimen
from Treland has less of the shell, and is remarkably dis-
torted, see fig. 5; this distortion appears to imply some
difference in the age, as if a further change had taken
place, which effected a total reduction or more total loss
of the shell, softening the whole mass, the shell previously

interrupting and imposing the distinction and separation
of the rocky matter sufficient to keep its form visible.

The other four figures are from the same specimen as
Martin figured: I cut a piece from it in search of the
spiral cartilage, but it was obliterated: we may still hope
to see it in perfection insome other. The Irish and Der-
byshire specimens are in a much lighter coloured stone
than the others.

NAUTILUS Comptoni.
TAB. CXXI.

Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, carinated; center co-
vered; surface smooth ; keel obtuse ; aperture

acutely triangular.

—

"Tne last whorl covers all the others, and has about ten
septa. ‘The centers are covered by a convex crust, more
opaque than the rest of the shell. The mouth is formed
of two arched lips. Siphuncle probably in the keel.
Diameter less than one line.

This is, perhaps, so small a Nautilus, that it is likely
to be overlooked in England. I received it from Lord
Compton (in the same stone with the Turrilites costata,
tab. 36.) who found it at Earl-stoke, seven miles N. E.
of Warminster, Wilts. I beg to record his Lordship’s
penetration, as an honour to himself, and as likely to
prove ultimately useful to ‘society ; for, as the language
of a country (says Lord Moira) may be enriched by a
knowledge of other languages, so a knowledge even of
the minutia of Natural History must facilitate other
branches of science in any country, for every atom has
its use to infinity. ‘The minuteness and rarity of this
specimen made me rather anxious to give it publicity,
lest it should be lost.

It agrees in some respects with the genus Patrocles of
Montfort, but from the imperfection of some of his figures
T do not know how to confide in this, and I think it is a
fault to be hasty in making Genera, before we are ac-
quainted with individuals. Now every observer would

VOL. 1... #90. XMS.

consider this as somewhat belonging to the Nautilus, [
therefore retain it in that genus at present, rather than
go farther, beyond the limits of general knowledge.
Nautilus calcar of Fichtel is quoted by Montfort, but it
appears certainly to differ from either. _ I am sorry not to
be able to find the siphuncle, but I suspect it is at the
outer extremity. In all my specimens, which is seldomer
the case in Nautili than in Ammonites, it was obscure:
one had a little break where I expected it, but I could
not say it was there :---it must therefore be left for further
research.

NAUTILUS simplex.
TAB. CXXIL

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, spheroidal, umbilicate,
plain ; mouth lunate, with the angles truncate,
embracing the preceding whorl; siphuncle
nearest to the inner edge of the septum.

nes WA ee

Tourckxess about four-fifths of the greatest diameter,
septa numerous, rather flatter than in Nautilus imperialis,
tab. 1. and narrow in the middle.

This is found rather abundantly in the vicinity of
Boreham, one mile E.S. E. of Warminster, but often so
loosely aggregated in parts as to fall to pieces as a mere
marley green sand, as it is commonly called ; at the same
time some parts are become more or less solid, and com-
pact flinty hornstone, or partially filled with carbonate of
lime in crystals. Under these circumstances it is seldom
that a good specimen is found, and they vary in shape
and size, being compressed or rounded, and from an inch
or two to a foot or more in length. The present spe-
cimen, from Miss Benett, shewing the place of the
siphuncle, helps to distinguish it from species which
might otherwise be confounded with it. It bears a great
resemblance to Nautilus imperialis, (tab. 1.) but is, how-
ever, generally rounder in the.curyature, and narrower.
In one massy specimen I found what is deemed an
Alcyonite imbedded ; it is a sort of organic remains, that
has repeatedly forked branches, and bearing many clubbed,
pearshaped, nearly cuplike or folded, apparent termina-

tions or heads,* some nearly the shape and size of a
moderate lemon; the branches about half an inch thick,
with five or more calcedonic tubes filled up with flint,
&ec. the rest being chiefly horny looking flint, which with
some difficulty separates from the green sandy and flinty
marly mixture. Pectens, &c. are frequently included
with them.

The green sand in which this is found owes its name to
particles of Chlorite, or earthy Talc, coloured green
by tron mixed with it,t a colour seldom found in Mica,
and never imparted by it to the sandstone, of which it
may form a part.

* Since my paper on this was read to the Linnean Society, more spe-
cimens have been found in the Warminster green sand, by Miss Benett,
indicating many swelling terminations or heads, hydra-like.

t+ The Fullers’ Earth, near Woburn, is often accompanied by a bright
green sand, whose colour is occasioned by Iron, it is said.

NAUTILUS truncatus.
TAB. CXXIII.

Spec. Cuar. Thick, flatted, plain, umbilicate ;
back flat, mouth elongated, four-angled : si-
phuncle nearest to the inner margin of the
septum.

‘Syn. Lister, 1048.

"TP atcxness rather less than half the diameter; the sides
are rather conical and even. Mouth above half the dia-
meter of the shell, long, narrowest towards the back,
siphuncle oval. Septa very numerous, mot recurved
towards the umbilicus.

A fine specimen of this species is figured by Lister,
measuring ten inches in the longest diameter ; no doubt,
when perfect it is sometimes much larger: mine is eight
inches, I figure a part of it, as sufficient; the remainder
is a broken continuation of it. Ihave never seen the last
chamber. This is composed of a mixture of dark lias lime-
stone and pyrites, found at Keynsham, S. E. of Bristol.
It is also said to be found in the blue lias of Bath, &e.
Lister does not say where his specimen was found ; his
figure shows about three whorls, mine did not expose
them ; possibly when the shell is removed the whorls may
be uncovered. Mine has fragments of the shell of consi-
derable thickness about it, indicating that it was smooth
when perfect.

0 Si

an tae ae a manee. AP .
| ee “
Pr athe siat
, ory Ph SEIS >

Hi i ; at ; Aa ryt ; i

yy oe

NAUTILUS obesus.

TAB. CXXIV.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, umbilicate, plain; back
broad, flat; mouth large, squarish ; septa
very numerous, not recurved ; siphuncle nearly
central.

Tarcxnzss about three-fourths the diameter. The
mouth is large, being two-thirds the diameter long. The
septa are very numerous ; their angles not being recurved
gives a very open form to the umbilicus. The siphuncle
is transversely oval.

My kind and discerning friend Mr. Strangewayes sent
me this from the coarse or rather ferruginous limestone, at
Norton-under-ham ; it is often of a large size (a foot or
more long) and clumsy make, but seldom perfect. It is
readily distinguished at first sight by the flat broad back,
and afterwards by the siphuncle being nearly in the
middle of the septa, inclining inwards: both these cha-
racters being taken together will distinguish many species,
yet I expect more may be occasionally necessary. The
shell must have been very thin and without peculiar
markings, as there is no sign betwixt the curve and the
mouth that betrays any. ‘The divisions are sometimes
irregular, but that happens in the most perfect in many
other species.

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53
NAUTILUS intermedius.
TAB. CXXV.

Spec. Cuan. Gibbose, umbilicate, concentrically
striated ; back broad, flattened; mouth squar-
ish ; srphuncle nearest the external edge.

N oT so thick as N. obesus, with flatter sides and a nar-
rower back; the septa are also less numerous; it ap-
proaches N. truncatus, (tab. 123.) but is thicker, with a
broader back; its surface being finely striated, distin-
guishes it from both.

From Keynsham.—This and the last might easily be
confounded with each other; the siphuncle, however, in
this, is nearest to the outer part of the shell. From the
inner part of the front of a whorl that became exposed in
separating, we find it was longitudinally and finely
striated. Had not this been discovered, we must have
depended more upon the siphuncle, which is round and
not transversely oval. The stone in which this and the
last figured specimen were imbedded, does not seem to
differ much. The shells of either appear to have been
very thin, and are so worn that the numerous and thin
septa are seen conspicuously exposed.

How admirable is it that Nature allows us so much
distinction in specimens that have undergone such vicis-
situdes, while we are often puzzled with very perfect
recent ones! It is truly useful, as we the better discri-
minate their places in the rock and system; and thus
will the recent species become more easy to our exercised
faculties,

Thomas Walford, Esq. has nearly similar remains of
shells on his estate at Birdbrook, N. W. of Castle Hed-
ingham, Essex, of which he kindly sent me a specimen,
in the light chalky marl, perhaps alluvial on the London
clay; but I expect, from what I have, that the siphuncle
is placed about one-third of the length of the mouth from
the last whorl ; and although the flatness and width of the
shell nearly corresponds, it is not so angular as in the
Keynsham specimen. It was part of a septarium, which
included the shell, indiscriminately, as a mass of earth.
Such light earthy septaria are found under gravel, near
the Marquis of Cornwallis’s, Culford Hall, near Bury
St. Edmund’s, Suffolk.

5D
AMONITES giganteus.
RABWOCXAV I:

Simplegades. Montfort, p. 92.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, with many radiating,
sometimes furcate undulations; inner whorls
exposed ; sides straitish ; mouth obovate.

Var. g. Mouth nearly circular, sides rounded.

Syn. ——— Lister, pl. 1046.

Tear are about 5 distinct whorls in most specimens,
the interior ones being almost wholly exposed; the septa
are rather numerous with their margins much sinuated.
Thickness of var. a equal to about one fourth of the
diameter, and rather more in var. £.

_ Tt was at a loss how to represent this, which in mag-
nitude and beauty is preserved so many ways for our
wonder, instruction, and gratification. It is sometimes
filled with small grained Limestone: sometimes the
chambers are lined or filled with crystallized Carbonate of
Lime; the crystals being commonly equiaxed or inverse
rhombs (see British Mineralogy tab. 12.) Such are found,
I believe, near Keynsham, and cut and polished, thus
shewing the chambers within, and -the sinuated margins
of the septa, at various depths externally; they are often
cut so thin as to be transparent in parts; my late es-
teemed friend, Dr. Lettsom, presented me with some
specimens of this kind, which surpass description. The
flint that occurs in the Limestone where these shells
abound, occasionally envelopes some of them, the cham-

bers are then generally filled or lined with quartz crystals.

have several large fragments of nearly such from the
neighbourhood of Fonthill, Wilts. A specimen from the
last place in fiint I have figured in British Mineralogy,
tab. 310.; it is composed of calcedony, which has
formed a thin coat over the shell, septa and all,
when the shell decaying has left the calcedony with its
exact form. It has been said, somewhere, that Mr.
Beckford, of Fonthill, was in possession of one, holding
Feldspar; upon enquiry I have every reason to think
this to have been a mistake; if such a one was at Fonthill,
Mr. Beckford was so kind as to order it to be sent to me,
but no such thing existed. The half of one, how-
ever, the smaller chambers of which are lined with
inverse rhombs of Carbonate of Lime supporting short
prismatic crystals of the same substance, was added
to my collection; it is from Chicksgrove quarry, one
mile and a quarter K. N. E. of Tisbury, near Hin-
don, Wilts, and measures two feet three inches in
diameter. When I was at that place some years ago,
the quarry men told me, that they had broken within
that week, one as large as the hinder wheel of a coach}
Lister says his was two feet, and there isin the museum
at Paris, ashell of the same genus four feet in diameter;
knowing this, Montfort seems ready to give credit to the
assertion, that they are sometimes eight feet. The
Chicksgreve cone just mentioned is the largest I have met
with; itis the var. « and in a compact sandy Limestone ;
there is part of a curiously formed crab’s claw in the stone,
and a number of plain serpule about the mouth of the
shell; there is a specimen of this variety «, brought from
Purbeck Isle, as itis called, in Dorsetshire, measuring
21 inches in diameter, to be seen in the basement, in front
of one of the warehouses in the London Docks.’

Of the variety 6 1 have several calcareous specimeus
from the Chicksgrove quarry, one of them lined with
equiaxed rhombs of calcareous spar, for which I am in-
debted to A. B. Lambert, Esq. of botanical celebrity; in
the stone imbedding this shell there was a large conge-
ries of Serpule, of a different species from those in the
other specimen var. z, an Oyster shell, impregnated with
Silex, Trigoniz, various small Shelis, smal! Vertebra,
and imperfect Crab’s claws. Most of the siliceous speci-
mens are also of the variety @. FT am indebted to Mr.
Salmon for some masses of Flint, having hollows almost
filled with calcedony, which appear to be nearly oblite-
rated chambers of sucha shell, of a very large size: they
were found in Marlborough Downs.

Some years ago I saw on the shore at the foot of the
Ciifis, between Dover and Walmer castle, an impression
in Chalk, of an Ammonite, which measured about three
feet in diameter.

Chicksgrove quarry produces many Ammonites, they
occur in a Limestene, into the composition of which a
small quantity of fine sand enters, and as there are dis-
persed through it many portions of crystallized Carbo-
nate of Lime, that break into lamine, it has, I am told,
been erreneously called sandstone with mica: the quarry
men term the particular bed which produced my largest
specimen var. «, the spangle bed, (the specimen var. 6 ap-
pears to be from the same bed) from the appearance of
these crystals. Miss Benett who has paid indefatigable
attention to Chicksgrove quarry, and indeed to Geology
in general, has kindly remitted to me the following ac-
count of the section, with the nomenclature of the peo-
ple who work the stene, and aseries of specimens which

enable me to mark the mineralogical differences of the
stones.

A corrected Section of Chicksgrove Quarry, S. of the
Village and of the River, in the Parish of Tisbury,
in Wiltshire.

1. Top of the Quarry.—Rubble, fourteen feet—No
shells in this bed. (Impure chalk.)

2. Stone not good, two feet—The lower part of this
bed contains the same shells as the chalk below it.

3. Chalk, two feet.—Trigonias three species, Pectens
like those of Thame, Oxfordshire, Ostrea several species,
a thick equivalve, bivalve which is common in the rubble
beds of freestone, a small bivalve, perhaps Unio, two
other small bivalves and a Trochus like those of the flinty
chalk. (Hard chalk.)

4, lint, four inches, (approaching chert.)

5. Chalk, eleven feet—A rubbly Chalk without shells.
(Hard chalk.)

6. Spangle bed, five feet six inches—Contains Am-
monites, Oysters, and various other shells changed into
spar. (Limestone, containing some white, but no green
sand.)

7. Walling Rag, two feet six inches—Fragments of
shells changed into spar. (Like No. 6, only coarser and
harder.)

8. Devil’s bed, two feet—Fragments of shell changed
into spar, smaller shells than the Walling Rag. (Like
No. 6.)

9. Great Rag, three feet—No shells, or only small
fragments. (A compact sandy Limestone, with minute
grains of green sand.)

10. Brown bed, three feet—Contains Ammonites.
(Less compact than the last, with more green sand, some
parts of a loose texture.)

11. Trough stone, three feet four inches.—Trigonias,
the shell changed into spar, and Ammonites. (Similar to
some parts of the last.)

12. White bed, two feet eight inches —Contains Am-
monites. (Between 10 and 13.)

13. Hard bed, three feet six inches——Trigonias, the
shell changed into spar and Ammonites. This bed is
very like No. 11. (Rather less green sand than No. 10.)

14. Fretting stone, two feet—A soft stone and no
shells. (A loose sandy Limestone with green sand.)

15. Under bed, two feet—Fragments of shells
changed into spar. (More compact and finer grained
than the last, and holding less green sand.)

16. Under bed, two feet six inches.—C ontains Trigo-
nias, the cast of the outside of the shell a soft stone.
(Like the last, except that it contains no spar.)

The whole depth of Chicksgrove Quarry to the bottom
of the stone is 61 feet 4 inches, measured by John Moun-
tague, foreman of the quarry.

The scales of fish, erroneously supposed to have been
found in this quarry, were froma tile-stone quarry on Lady-
Down, in the parish of Tisbury, and about one mile
N. W. from Chicksgrove Quarry.

The above are the names by which the different beds
are known by the people who work the quarry.

Most of the stone contains calcareous spar, in the place
of the fragments of shells dispersed through it, but No.
14 and 16 are without it; the Spangle bed contains most.

The rare stratum called by Geologists “ White Free-
stone” and here called chalk, but from which it differs in
its sitnation, occurs also at Brill, in Buckinghamshire,
and at Upway, in Dorsetshire.

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61
CERITHIUM, Bruguiere.

Gen. Cuar. Shell univalve, spiral, terminated at
the base by a short truncated or recurved canal :
aperture oblique, with an obscure canal at the
upper part.

Dus shells of this Genus are generally seven times the
width of the aperture long, and beautifully ornamented
by tubercles, transverse strie or carine and longitudinal
coste, variously combined and proportioned. It seems
to be a very natural Genus, containing many species ;
but the canal at the upper part of the mouth is often very
obscure, and sometimes, even entirely wanting. The
size of individuals varies from a quarter of an inch
to two feet in length, limits which are exceeded by
very few Genera of spiral shells. ‘This Genus has
been divided into three by Montfort; how far this di-
vision may be found necessary by those who are con-
versant with foreign shells, I will not pretend to say,
but at present I feel satisfied with Lamarck’s distinctions
and would wish to go no further.

CERITHIUM pyramidalis.
TAB. CXXVIL—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Pyramidal, with six projecting tu-
berculated angles; whorls 10 or II, trans-
versely tri-carinated, carine tuberculated ; six
compressed tubercles on the upper part of the
last whorl; outer lip expanded.

VOL. 11. 49/6, XX]

Syn. Cerithium hexagonum. Lamarck Env. de
Paris, p. 79.
Murex hexagonus. Chemnitz Conch. X.p.
261. ¢. 162. f. 1554.
155.
Murex angulatus. Brander, p. 24. f. 46.

Aurnoven the general form of this is pyramidal with six
sides the spaces between the angles or rather coste are
not flat; the coste are slightly arched, obtuse, with
about three tubercles on each, corresponding to the
number of obtuse carine that cross them, and which have
three or four tubercles between each costa: the last
whorl shows seven or eight carine, and wants the coste
on its lower part, while they are enlarged on the upper
part by an equal number of prominent transversely
flattened tubercles: the whole surface is minutely and
transversely striated. Brander describes seven angles
to his Murex angulatus, but I conceive there is no doubt
of this being the same species, the number of angles
constituting it only a variety. I have two specimens,
both with six angles.

From Hordle or Barton Cliffs, by favour of my kind
friend, the Rev. Mr. Iremonger; not having the mouth
quite perfect in the authentic specimen, a dotted line
is added from a specimen the same in every res-
pect, except that its ornaments are sharper, and that
it has so recent an appearance, that I cannot answer for
its being a fossilized remains, nor do I know where it
was found, although shells, almost as recent in appear-
ance, are found at Hordle Cliff.

Lamarck’s Cerithium hexagonum comes the nearest
in description to this shell, but is distinguished by the
flatness of its sides and spinose tubercles. See Env. de
Paris, p. 79.

CERITHIUM geminatum.
TAB. CXXVII.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, elongated, smooth, with
seven or eight longitudinally disposed pairs of
acute tubercles on each whorl; whorls about

twelve; lip even.

Tuere are two obsolete transverse carine, extending
from one pair of tubercles to the next; the upper tubercle
of each pair is the largest, particularly upon the last
whorl, where it is often bifid; on this whorl are also two
other rows of small tubercles, visible; the aperture is
nearly round, with a very slightly recurved beak.

I believe this is a rare shell, even at Barton Cliff, from
whence I am favoured with it by the Rev. Mr. Iremonger,
who has generously allowed me to take many of the most
rare and perfect of his specimens, for public information
—this is the best specimen Ihave seen ; but I possess a
smaller one from the same place, by favour of the Rey.

W. Bingley.

64
CERITHIUM funatum.
TAB. CXXVIII.

Spec Cuar. Conical, elongated, with two obtuse
crenulated transverse ridges upon each whorl ;
upper part of each whorl thickened and tuber-
culated ; mouth squarish ; base smooth.

Tur tubercles upon the upper part of the whorl form,
in some specimens, a kind of corona: the last whorl
only differs from the others, in exposing two more
transverse ridges ; the mouth has a small canal at the
upper edge; the beak is rather short. Whorls ten or
eleven.

This elegant species seems to have been common at
Hordle Cliff, when Mr. Iremonger procured it ; the indi-
viduals are sometimes neat and white, with a mixture of
sand and marle, or stained with ochre; sometimes they
are less sharply preserved with a grey or greenish sandy
mixture about them, and occasionally the ornament and
strie are obliterated to so plain an appearance, that the
species can scarcely be recognized without very careful
comparison, the ridges, &c. varying more or less accord-
ing as they are worn, but commonly having the most
distinct appearance about half way from the apex. I
have named it from the resemblance of the costa to small
cords.

Fig. 1 from a bed of blue clay on the indurated
marle, Castle-hill, near Newhaven, Sussex, by favour of G.
A. Mantell, Esa. collected in 1802 or 1803. Fig. 2
found at Hordle Cliff some years since, and presented to
me by the Rev. Mr. [remonger.

VOLUTA Lamberti.
TAB. CXXIX.

Spec. Cuar. Fuciform, short, smooth; base elon-
gated, obscurely truncated; columella with 3
or + plaits; aperture acute above; outer lip
sharp, not expanded towards the base.

Syn. Voluta of Harwich. Park. Org. Rem. V.

FEE p? 267 tae FNS.

A Cast. Hist. Lap. Fig. p. 112. t. 33. f. 3.
App. to Dale’s Hist. of Harwich,

pl. 10. f. 14. p. 289. (See Park-

anson).

Tur whole surface is smooth ; the aperture occupies
about two-thirds of the length of the shell, it is nearly of
the same form with it, but is acute at the upper part,
whereas the apex of the shell is subglobose ; the width
is considerably less than one-third of the length; the
outer lip has a slight sinus where it approaches the spire
and is rather expanded in the middle: the base is
equally elongated with the spire, and so slightly and
obliquely truncated, as to render the beak but obscurely
emarginate. ‘The lowest plait of the columella is some-
times confounded with the base of it, when there remain
only three plaits.

I retain this as a Voluta,* although the base is,
pethaps, scarcely emarginate, and is more taper than
usual. It is rather curious that about five specimens
have been found in a recent state, much resembling this,
which are in the hands of different cognoscenti; Mr.

$$»

* Jt has some affinity to Murex tulipa, Zinn. or Fasciolaria, Lam.

Hall is said to have two, Mr. Jennings one, of which I
have seen drawings, some of which indicate an emargi-
nate base: the shape in other respects is so near that it
might be considered the same: the colour also corres-
ponds ; the recent one, is, however, finely marked with
zigzag or lightening-like stripes, of the colour of
the warmest or darkest line of our figure, and is al-
together to be admired, so that it has got the appella-
tion elegans. It is said to be a native of the Fejee
islands in the south seas. I have seen a recent specimen
approaching it, with a broad expansion of the outer lip,
and emarginate base, without coloured markings.

Fig. 1 is from a young shell by favour of Mrs. Cobbold,
from Crag-marle at Holywell; fig. 2 from the Rev. Mr.
Lambert’s specimen; it is, perhaps, the most perfect
known, and was found in the Cliff at Bawdsey, Suffolk,
where the Crag lies upon blue Clay. Fig. 3 is the outline
of a cast, by favour of that gentleman, from Aldborough,
Suffolk, full twenty miles distant from Bawdsey where
the other specimen came from.

I have the pleasure of naming it after the Rev. Mr.
Lambert, that his ardour and zeal may be remembered
with gratitude.

Mr. Parkinson’s figure seems to have been taken from
a good specimen, but differs from ours in the contour of
the adherent upper part of the lip.

Having been favoured with a sketch of the general
nature of that part of Suffolk where the Crag-marle, more
or less supplies these, and numerous other vestiges of
beings, formerly organized; I am glad to lay the instruct-
ive detail before the public :—“ It is that part of the
county of Suffolk which, from the comparative lightness
of the soil, is expressly called the Sands—it abounds
so much in that species of fossil shell, called Crag shells,

that it is much more difficult to say where they are not,
than where they are to be found. The Crag at Bawdsey
Cliff, near the mouth of the Deben or Delen River, is parti-
cularly deserving attention, not only for the variety of
shells which it produces, but because you may discover
in various parts of it, particularly the southern extremity,
the base on which it rests, and which appears to be blue
Clay, and such is the Anchorage ground in Hollesley
Bay, N. E. of it, visible at ebb tide. On elevated ground,
to the west of Melton, N. N. E. of Woodbridge, is a Crag
pit, just on the confines of the deep soil of High Suffolk,
its produce mixes with the fossils of the blue Clay. At
Shottisham, S. E. of Woodbridge, 1 found the Murex
despectus ; near Brightwell and Foxall, 8S. W. of Wood-
bridge, the reverse Murices and Chame abound ; near
Woodbridge is a vein of imperfect specimens of Venus
Islandica, but [never could extract an entire specimen. At
Sudbourn, N. of Orford, the Crag is of a much paler
colour, and of so concrete a texture, that some walls at
Orford are built with it; and in sinking wells through
it at Sudbourn no other support is wanted for the sides.
‘The Crag near Aldborough is very loose.* I believe that
the soil of the country between the rivers Orwell and
Stour, S. and 8S. W. of Ipswich, is similar to that of the
Sands, and equally abundant in Crag; but I have
never examined any part of it except the neighbourhood
of Wherstead and Belstead. To the westward of Ipswich,
Crag was formerly seen on high ground, which is now
concealed by plantations ; and about half way down, be-

* It consists of fragments mixed with entire shells of Pectens and some
others, corals, &c. adhering together around the spaces formerly occu-
pied by otber shells, such as Voluta Lamberti, Venus, Islandica, &e.
that have left behind them here nothing but their impressions, while in
ether places they are found entire.

tween this and the river, a tooth and several bones of
an elephant were found in sinking a well, ten or twelve
years ago. Near Harwich, S. 8. E. is the Cliff originally
quoted by Lister as the habitat of the inverted Murex,
and copied from him by succeeding Conchologists,
«“ Prope Harwich.”

69
AMMONITES Bucklandi.
TAB. CXXX.

Spec. Cuan. Depressed, inner volutions exposed,
with large obtuse radii; back carinated, anda
furrow on each side of the keel; aperture

quadrate.
—_—_—_ a ———

Voxvrtons about five, their sides wholly exposed, the
back flattish, with two concentric grooves, and an inter-
mediate keel; the radii are swelled towards the back,
over which they are suddenly reflected, and gradually
lost, as in several other carinated Ammonites; the keel
is obtuse and entire.

Found in the Blue Lias of Bath and the neighbour-
hood, measuring from a foot to 21 inches or more in
diameter, and rather remarkable for having frequently
lost the inner whorls ; which circumstance, by a sort of
friendly pun, has given rise to the name given it, in
honour of a meritorious and enlightened Geologist, the
Rev. W. Buckland, who having found a large specimen,
was induced by his ardour to carry it himself, although
of considerable weight, and being on horseback it was
not the less inconvenient ; but the inner whorls being
gone so as to allow his head and shoulder to pass
through, he placed it as a French horn is sometimes
carried, above one shoulder and under the other, and
thus rode with his friendly companions, who amused him
by dubbing him an Ammon Knight ; and thus the speci-
men was secured, by diverting the tedious toil otherwise
hardly to be borne. May his zeal for information always
be rewarded: may his abilities continue to meet that
attention they have hitherto so deservedly gained: may
his horn be exalted with honour.

Mr. B. lately found Ammonites striatus, tab. 53. f. 1.
in the transition slate of Filliagh, near South-molton,
Devonshire.

dios f/ 4 AV ETb.

AMMONITES Conybeari.

TAB. CXXXI.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, carinated, volutions many,
exposed, with obtuse radii; keel prominent,
entire ; back flattish, angular ; aperture oblong.

V orvrions 8 or 9 ; the radii even, or rather most ele-
vated in the middle of each volution, and lost before
they quite reach the angles of the back: keel large and
prominent, with a slightly concave space on each side
of it.

This species is rather remarkably variable in size,
from 2 to 18 inches and more in width, and always hav-
ing about 8 whorls, generally continuing very perfect to
asmall center. It is from near Bath. The composition
it is preserved in varies much, like that of most of the
shells of the Lias strata in general, being Carbonate of
Lime more or less crystallized, Lron Pyrites, or mere casts
of earthy Limestone, or a mixture of the whole, and
shewing the foliated divisions, or nearly plain.

I feel a pleasure in distinguishing this by the name it
bears, after two able Geologists, the learned friends and
companions of the Rev. Mr. Buckland, whose zeal de-
serves to be remembered by posterity. This and the
following species are generally companions in the same

stratum, and are occasionally impressed with each
others type.

AMMONITES Greenoughi.
TAB. CXXXII.

Spec. Cuan. Depressed, volutions two-thirds con-
cealed, obscurely undulated ; aperture elliptical,
deeply indented by the preceding whorl.

EEE

WY sons four or five, the last nearly half the diameter
of the shell, the undulations are continued and rather
strongest over the rounding back, they are obscure in
all but the central whorls, and the latter whorls of old
shells are destitute of them. The outline of the aperture
is a very regular ellipsis. The septa are near, very
much and beautifully sinuated at their margins, and
locked into each other.

This rather singular Ammonite is often formed of
pyrites, of rich golden and iridescent tints, and crystal-
lized in the greatest variety of forms, from the oc-
taédron to the icosaédron, following the undulations of
the chambers and the most attenuated ramifications of
the spreading follicula, sometimes forming in the place
of the shells, &c. &c. occasionally filled with a great
variety of crystals of Carbonate of Lime an inch or more
in length. Specimens vary in size from 12 to 18 inches
or even more. ‘The outer whorl has generally few or no
undulations, while they are more distinct in the center,
which, if seen separated, might be mistaken for an-
other species. The attenuated and ramifying sutures
of the septa are remarkably striking in the present spe-
cimen, and put me in mind of the friendly and attentive

re
ir)

Geologist, Greenough, whose genius spreads and rami-
fies so abundantly, that I could not resist commemo-
rating it with sentiments of friendship, that the suavity
of his manners has stamped on my mind. May he con-
tinue long to enjoy that ardour, which contributes so
much to his happiness, and is so instructive to all around

him.

ORTHOCERA annulata.

TAB. CXXXIII.

Spec. Cuar. Slightly tapering, gently compressed,
with strong annular undulations, and minute
transverse undulating striz.

Tue undulations are slightly oblique, ata distance equal
to about one-fourth the diameter from each other; about the
aperture which is oval, there is a considerable space without
a ring: the siphuncle is placed a little way within the
broader side of the shell.

From a Limestone quarry at Colebrook Dale, Shrop-
shire, it was presented to me by the friendly J. Cotton,
esq. Lady Aylesford shewed me, some time since,
a similar, but rather shorter specimen. It appears
to taper so gradually, that we may suppose it 18 inches
or more long when perfect. The upper part of the figure
expresses the last chamber, which appears to extend
three-fourths of an inch beyond the preceding septum.
The form of the shell remains, it being replaced by Car-
bonate of Iron, thin, but distinct, thickest at the annula-
tions, which are occasionally dark brown from having been
worn when uncovered, or destitute of the buff Limestone.
The specimen is rather weighty, as if much impregnated
with Lron.

VOL..Ui./9/6. XXIV

vr
sith
7;

or ‘4 ja

aie vat.
art wrt pane idee hein wait ti ablsviost va hag”

, Riba wanna ateewt viata & eioraitt fiers ag babe oulrage
ae? Bi, qae abit & oauly a abate # ast: ‘poe 9 ae
u ya Ms ne me 4 4 nee it da ti itd T6 able “ ih» iid MA Rs ie

; Neon a Seoudstodh iv ‘deen » isc et winnie B mare ;

ee .. « peste sith ie hi On fi Sits vee eqw ti s

‘ggetie ii’ ‘shia By aie: “su” he

oi: peg yaaa dram ere axl ede hovig: ae ‘jag
gee att tw Hog a iro ah ey ead ve sto? mm
ae

one hilt wk hier Soir: bis ait. beck Pye eee:

pinent ee sage hata a 190 at Asien 0 at
deters hint 94 tS: afayiteal sh shiete : pPacnttas siushor <i
ai ssc wi nee Yodiws. ef die a. a
eat eS if

=
1.4
FE}

a Me

AMMONITES auritus.
TAB. CXXXIV.

Spec. Cuar. Compressed, with obscure radiating
undulations tuberculated at their origin ; inner
whorls exposed ; back deeply channelled, bor-
dered by large alternating compressed tubercles.

W nonrts four or five, the last nearly half the diameter,
or twice the thickness of the shell long.

Discovered in the micaceous sand when the Devizes
Canal was digging, by Mrs. Gent, who favoured me
with some other productions from thence some time
since: the stratum to which they belong appears to
require their aid to distinguish it. It is more or less
micaceous, and in most instances there are only casts
remaining of the forms that existed or were enveloped in
it, and which have not yet been recognised in any other
formation that I know of:* they are preserved in a pe-
culiar way, being of so loose and crumbly a texture as
scarcely to hold together, and a little change of wet and
dry would soon fit them to be dispersed by the slightest
wind ; but a certain depth has protected them in a place
where they might have been preserved for ages more
securely than in the most careful hands.

* I have two or three species from Folkstone belonging to the same
section as this, one of which I think is figured by Parkinson, Org. Rem.
tab. 9, f. 8.

a oenteh oui cane 4 ak tessa es
tit BeidaPaw aa “ankgh\ Ath, Bay
i. eeiice acetate’ ame ate ed toa saa “ie
“eK. esenqers, ‘ariglod ei ahisittiee Ob aaa alt, yao
i OR SH ar is li Hadurgsatieads oe dia, sie Cb a) IE
da ort isa asgomadeuk, idea ai Daa elio% ae aioE
pth as Onde, 0 hoteixe tds serergt odd. Fu ysivias
fo D yin a ai Basingodsr, wag: tay dou grad daide: bai
a a by pas bibs ou hit me pus end i saat ae

Att
“Asi bin, ty stands fil Py: bag. ye teks leah davies 1) pie
a ale oh Ke, asso it at monte he one bivog nee i

i ahelleg: | i Me

: asi’ us, tet Benes iad reer £ iain dad: edu ,
ue fe ‘ae ee aed "Yau ach bs mae, ehysogen i

ASS

opeiminitin) ene

i rg oti “hh i «tl al wakes pore we ies Wath we ve pate! Bel
ae iat 00 hint -cA Brat tees | lvtade ha a0" ag oa anliaee
; te ia as isl al

OSTREA canaliculata.
TAB. CXXXV.---Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, very long, curved, two
eared ; a descending sinus or two in the an-
terior margin near the front; sides nearly

parallel.

ees

Geweratty three times as long as wide; the ears are
rather large, nearly equal, and distinguishable in both
valves : the posterior or concave side is often open: a
few concentric undulations are observable near the beak
of the lower concave valve: the upper valve is very flat,
without a prominent beak.

This species of oyster was sent me by Mr. Richard
Taylor, from the Chalk Cliff at Mundsley near Cromer,
with Magas pumilus, tab. 119, (where the locality should
have been given as here specified,) and Terebratula
carnea, tab. 15. fig. 5 and 6. It seems pretty well iden-
tified by the ears both in the upper and lower valves, but
most conspicuous on the incurved side: the convex side
is also mostly plaited with two or more canaliculated pro-
jections. I could discover no marks of attachment at
the beak, which is acuminated and apparently indepen-
dant.

The Ostree, so universally distributed, are very puz-
zling in their varieties. { have therefore endeavoured
to distinguish two or three here, that some reference
may be had occasionally, if the characters I have used
will answer the purpose of distinguishing them in the
numerous places where they are found.

OSTREA acuminata:
TAB. CXXXV.--- Fig. 2 and 3.

Spec. Cuan. Depressed, very long, curved, with
large subimbricated transverse waves beneath :
beaks and front acuminated.

Two or three times as long as wide, the upper valve
rather concave, smooth and nearly even, with a beak
almost equal to that of the other valve.

Fig. 2. represents specimens sent me from the clay
under the great Oolite of Bath, by favour of the Rev. H.
Steinhauer in 1813: they have been parasitical on va-
rious formed things: have little or no auricles; they
have large undulations, and vary much as to curvature.
Fig. 3. are taken from shells found at Aynho, North-
amptonshire, by Miss Wilson. ‘They appear to be the
same species as the last mentioned, and they vary very
much as to their length, curvature, &c.: yet the undu-
lations may help to distinguish them. I have similar

shells from near Withyam, Sussex.

PECTEN equivalvis.
TAB. CXXXVI.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, with rounded diverging
ribs and many acute concentric striz ; valves
equally convex, the lower one smoothest ; ears
equal.

SEES

Tue ribs vary in proportion ; they sometimes equal the
space between them, but are generally less; they are
rounded and the strie are more or less obliterated over
them: the spaces between them are slightly concave.

Pectens are generically described by Lamarck as in-
equivalve, wherefore, I suppose, he had not seen any
otherwise ; but the present species has both valvesnearly,
if not quite, equally gibbous: one valve being simply
convex, the other having a trifling reversed undulation
near the edge, and differing but little in the pattern. The
auricles have not, as I have seen, been found perfect,
they are, however, nearly so, and they then show an
horizontal line on each side of the beak, with nearly per-
pendicular linex or strie. Ihave one by favour of Dr.
Sutton, which has nearly parallel lines with the hinge on
the dexter auricle of the broader valve, with the broad
coste. This species is commonly found from three to
seven inches in diameter. Mr. Strangewayes, from whom
{ have received several specimens, observes, that they
are characteristic of the coarse Limestone of Ilminster.
T have had other specimens from near Lackington, by
favour of Mr. Strangewayes, also from Farley gateway,
Gloucestershire ; Carrington, Oxfordshire; and from
Dursley, Gloucestershire. I believe the species is found
in various other parts of England, and I have a specimen
from France.

PECTEN fibrosus.
TAB. CXXXVI.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, orbicular, with a rectan-
gular beak, nine or ten broadish diverging
grooves and numerous sharp concentric strie ;
ears equal, rectangular; margin undulated
internally.

= SS ee

Rane longer than broad ; the back is formed of two
straight lines meeting at an angle, sometimes greater, but
seldom less than a right angle ; the undulations within the
margin are regular and rather deep. The striz are com-
posed. of small very prominent sharp ridges that hold the
shell firmly to the stone in which it lies,

This is remarkable at first sight for its broad and few
sulci, and for the fine undulating transverse striz all over
them. I have but seldom seen it in pairs, but Mr.
Strangewayes has a pair from Carrington, Oxfordshire,
and I have an excellent specimen from the Chatley Corn-
brash, by favour of T. Meade,esq. and asmall one showing
the inside from Oxfordshire. These last two are figured.
Mr. Mantell was so kind as to send me one from North
Leach, Gloucestershire, which has only 9 coste, and
Mrs. Gent has met withsomething similar, but plainer at
Kellaways; if these should prove to be distinct species,
E shall notice them again.

ASTARTE.
VENUS Linn. Lam.

Gey. Cuar. Suborbicular or transverse. Ligament
external; a lunette in the posterior side ; two
_ diverging teeth near the beak.

ee a, eed

"Tueshells of this Genus have three muscular impressions ;
the cartilage on one side and the lunette on the other,
together with the general form, gives them a resemblance
to those of the Linnean Genus, Venus. Their outsides
have transverse undulations or reflected depressed coste,
which give the surface a natural character, by which they
may be distinguished upon general inspection. Theiredges
are mostly crenulated within. There is one tooth less in
the hinge than in Venus; the beaks are generally filled
up, not hollow within under the teeth; there is also com-
monly an obscure elongated tooth at some distance from
the beak under the lunette. Of this Genus there are seve-
ral recent British species and many Foreign ones, all
of which have hitherto been classed under Venus; of the
former are Venus Scotica, (which may be taken for the
type of the Genus) V. sulcata, Danmoniz, paphia, fas-
ciata, subcordata. It was not until I sought for the proper
place in the system for the fossil species, “that I perceived
the necessity of making a new Genus, to which I have

given the name of one of the Heathen Deities, sometimes

styled Venus.

ASTARTE lurida.
TAB. CX Pig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, convex, de-
pressed, with many transverse undulations ;
lunette elliptical, sharp ; margin crenulated
within.

nee ie

A oratuer thick shell with a straightish front, and
arched back, half as wide again as it is long.
A blue sandy Clay in the Fox-hill quarries, Gloucester-

1816. XX¥Y>

shire, afforded Mr. Robert Taylor this perfect specimen,
which he was so obliging as to communicate for general
information. Mr. Taylor has also found it in coarse
Limestone at Taunton.

ne nen =

ASTARTE elegans.
TAB. CXXXVII.— Fig. 3,
Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely oblong, corivex, de-
pressed, with many small transverse coste ;
lunette cordate ; margin crenulated within.

Mi vcu resembles the last, but the front is notso straight
and the back not so much arched; the teeth in the hinge
are also more distant.

By favour of Mr. Strangewayes, from Babling-hill,
Yeovil ; itso matches the upper specimen that the oppo-
site shells fit at the hinges; it differs, however, in
shape a little, having a more graceful turn on the side
from the lunette, more of Hogarth’s line of beauty, the
other being straighter : it is also generally rather longer
for its breadth: it is a cast in Carbonate of Lime.

ASTARTE cuneata.
TAB. CXXXVII.—Fig. 2.
Spec. Cuar. Subcordate, acuminated, gibbose,
with small transverse coste ; lunette cordate ;
margin entire within.

S oeumintietidn:d, ‘sonntieteemnenend

"Tue back of thisis broadand flattened; anterior side acu-
minated ; the general form isatriangle, of which the poste-
rior side isthe shortest. [havenotseen the margin periect.

From Chilmark, near Tisbury, Wiltshire, a quarry,
supposed to correspond with that of Chicksgrove ; Mr.
Jackson, some time before his death, brought me speci-
mens, and Miss Benett has since favoured me with
variety. Some specimens are neater and more regular
in their strie than others, being deeper and wider. The
shell is replaced by Carbonate of Lime, which is some-
times crystallized; the stone in which they are imbedded
is an earthy Limestone containing a small portion of green
sand.

TEREBRATULA pectita.
TAB. CXXXVIII.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, gibbose, plicato-striated ;
with a flattish space extending from the front
to the beaks; beak of the lower valve promi-
nent, slightly incurved; back of the upper
valve straight, with an incurved beak.

——— eee

Tue length and breadth are nearly equal and almost
double the depth: the plice are small, rounded, and
often furcate, hence they are not much larger at the
margin than at the beaks.

Furnished by the green sand stratum, at Horningsham,
near Longleat, four miles west of Warminster, and may
be considered characteristic of the stratum and is figured
by Townsend and Smith. Mr. Meade has a larger speci-
men from the same place. The figure in the French
Encyclopedia is hardly satisfactory enough to be de-
termined.

TEREBRATULA Lyra.
TAB. CXXXVITT.—Fig. 2.
Spec. Cuar. Oblong, convex, with diverging fur-
cated plaits ; beak of the lower valve greatly

elongated, that of the upper valve short, in-
curved.

Linern of the upper valve equal to twice its width ;
the beak of the lower valve is probably equal to the
length of the upper valve, it contains two longitudinal

Septa :* the upper surface is smooth, with a slight sul-
cus along the middle and a stria on each side of it; how
it terminates is at present unknown.

This species is considered in the French Encyclopedia,
where it is figured, as perfect at the perforated end, and
although Mr. Meade and others have kindly lent me their
best and most complete specimens, I have never seenone
nearly perfect. The larger figure is about the sizeof Mr.
Meade’s largest specimen. Mr. Cumberland, indeed,
considered it a new Genus and named it Lyra Meadi, in
compliment to our worthy friend, whom I esteem so
much, but the term Lyra is so apt I could not resist
applying it to the specific name. The analogy of many
species of similar construction, although not so much
elongated, show that it cannot, with propriety, at pre-
sent be separated from the perforated and plaited Tere-
bratule, for want of distinguishing characters, (although
they may hereafter be divided) till those further removed,
being imperforate, are more settled.

I found some specimens in the green sand at Chute
Farm, near Horningsham, chiefly silicized.

# I have observed indications of similar septa in the beaks of some

Spirifers.

PATELLA. Linz:

Gen. Cuar. Univalve, not spiral, more or less
conical, concave and simple beneath; margin
and apex entire.

Tats Genus includes at present only such shells of Lin-

neus’s Genus Patella as have entire margins and are not

perforated at the apex ; their form varies from nearly flat
with an umbo to obliquely conical, with a curved apex,
and there is a gradualsuccession of forms from one shape
to the other, therefore, I cannot see the propriety of con-
Stituting Genera founded upon the form of the cone only.

PATELLA Iatissima.
TAB. CXXXIX.—Fig. 1 and 5.

Srec.Cuar. Nearly orbicular, flat, smooth.

Suet very thin, concentrically undulated ; the umbo is
excentric; the margin forms a very short oval.

Fig. 1 shows aspecimen from a slaty Clay impregnated
with vegeto-bituminous matter, approaching the Kim-
meridge coal, that occurs in Lincolnshire. The foliated
form of the Clay seems to arise from the same pressure
which has flattened the shell so as to crack the margin,
and make it rather doubtful how flat it would be if
perfect : the upper surface is still attached to the Clay,
it may possibly be roughish, but this I have not been
able to ascertain; however, there are characters enough

von. 1. (4/6. XXV

to distinguish it from most other species. The stratum
it occurs in, may probably be recognized by it in some
other place. There are several places in Somersetshire
where Ammonites are found compressed in a somewhat
similar Clay. It is worth while to examine whether this
or any other species of Patella occurs with them.

Fig. 5 is from a shell, or rather the cast of one ina
compact Limestone, found in a rolled mass among lumps
of Chalk, Sandstone, and Gravel, at Pakefield, in Suf-
folk ; the stone has a largely foliated structure ; it con-
tains Telline, Ammonites, Vertebra, &c.* all compressed
in the direction of the lamine, but this Patella is not so
much so as in the Clay, therefore, it is but little cracked
at the edges.

PATEELA levis.
TAB. CXXXIX.—Fig. 3 and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, conical, smooth, shining ;
base obovate; apex excentric.

eee PB

AA very smooth, even-formed. shell, about one-third of
its length high and rather slender.

I have two specimens of this. I believe it has hitherto-
been overlooked ; the smaller one is. from Whitby, where
it was found in that inexhaustible formation, the Alum
Clay, which, independantly of its value in the formation
of Alum, has attracted notice from the many larger fossil
preductions, that in a manner eclipse this minute shell.
The other specimen was found in Clay at Folkstone; I
suspect it is a rare species.

* The same stone produced.a Lingula figured at tab. 19. Mr. Thurtell
sent me nearly the whole of it, and it has turned, out very productiye.

PATELLA equalis.
TAB. CXXXIX.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, smooth; base obovate;
back nearly perpeidicular.

Tere are some faint signs of radii upon the surface of
this; its height is nearly equal to its width; it is rather
broader towards the front, and the apex, which is rather
obtuse, is so excentric as to be almost perpendicular over
the edge; the surface is covered with a light brown
epidermis.

Good specimens of this are rarely found in the Suffolk
Craig. Mrs. Cobbold favoured me with this from the
Holywells estate near Ipswich.

PATELLA rugosa.
TAB. CXXXIX.—Fig. 6.
Spec. Cuar. Depressed, obovate, radiated; apex

excentric, depressed, slightly recurved ; back
concave above, with reflected undulations.

Syn. Park. org. rem. 3.

Tue radii are rather numerous and strongly marked ;
the lines of growth are too faint to make a distinct decus-
sation, but there are generally two or three large undu-
lations around the shell which approach each other behind

the apex, and rise so much as to give the margin the
appearance of having been rolled or gathered up, as one
might gather up the edge of a woollen cap while holding
it in the hand: the shell appears to be tolerably thick.
Hampton Common and Amberley Heath, near Mincli-
inhampton, Gloucestershire, afford this shell, in Bath
shelly Oolite. I have to thank the Rev. Mr. Newton for
my specimen, a token of some years standing ; it is cha-
racteristic of the bed in which it occurs, where it is not
very rare, and is generally in a very high state of pre-
“servation.

PATELLA unguis.
CAPULUS. Mont.
TAS: CXXXIX.—Fig. fs
Spec. Cuar. Depressed, suborbicular, obscurely

radiated ; vertex oblique recurved, extended
beyond the base, acute.

A rather flat shell, being about one-third of its width
high; the whole of the beak is solid; the other parts
gradually growing thinner to a sharp edge. ‘The recent
Patella ungarica of Linneus is so very similar to this
fossil, that I doubt if a distinction can be found; if there
be any it lies in the radii, which are very obscure in this,
a circumstance that may be attributed to wear; the
beak is, perhaps, less oblique, but in this it is variable.
My specimens came from the Holywells Craig.

89
PLANORBIS. Lam.

Gen. Cuar. Univalve, discoid, involute; without
septa; spire flat or impressed ; aperture entire.

'Tu1s Genus has been well separated from Helix of
Linneus, it contains shells composed of a simple tube
curved into a Volute; in many species the latter whorls
partly embrace those preceding, but this is not the case
with several shells which otherwise have a natural
relation to the type of the Genus, so [ have omitted that
part of Lamark’s Generic character which relates to it.
The recent shells are inhabitants of fresh water.

PLANORBIS equalis.
TAB. CXL.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Equilaterally concave, with one
obscure keel on the right side and two on the
left; smooth; volutions exposed; aperture or-
bicular,

2 e]E-_-—ee—

Tue inside of the tube composing this is perfectly round
but the shell is thicker towards the front, so as to make:
the outer edge of the mouth obtusely obovate; the con-
centric caring are very obtuse and inconspicuous. There
is a slight impression of the preceding whorl in the sub-
stance of the last.

A specimen of Limestone from Kendal afforded me
this shell, it is replaced or cast in white Carbonate of
Lime or Spathose Limestone, and is filled up with darker
amorphous Limestone, which is somewhat of a redder

brown where exposed: there appear to be fragments of
Entrochi also in the stone. The Planorbis resembles so
much the fresh water Helices of Linnezus, thatall the spe-
cies have been considered by some as inhabitants of fresh
water, but this would seem an exception.

Se EB

PLANORBIS cylindricus.
TAB. CXL.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Cylindrical, left side concentrically
striated ; volutions three or four, adpressed ;
aperture oblong quadrangular.

eee

Tut aperture of this shell is transverse, being wider
than long, nearly in the proportion of three to two; the
angles are obtuse, and it receives no indentation from the
preceding whorl. The shell is about three times its
thickness in diameter, and the left side has six or eight —
obscure elevated striz.

Some years since L was for a few hours at Cowes, on
the Isle of Wight, and picked up a piece or two of stone
which contained some of these shells, but as my time and
immediate occupation did not allow me to extend my
researches, I was content with what I had; this was in
the severe frosty and stormy weather of February, 1808.
I soon after visited by kind friend, Mr. Iremonger, at
Wherwell vicarage, who gave me specimens he had from
the Isle of Wight, on examining which I found several
species of Planorbis and a Lymnea much resembling
Helix stagnalis of Linneus, which I will add to this
work hereaiter.

The Planorbis here figured differs feom Helix contorta
in the whorls being more equal and angular on each
side and less numerous: the figures are about the natural
size of the best Ehave seen. The remains are shelly with
a smooth inside: the outside shows the lines of growth.

PLANORSBIS obtusus.
TAB. CXL.—Fig. 3.

Srec. Cuar, Depressed, left side most concave:
volutions embracing, slightly compressed on the
right side; aperture obliquely and obtusely
obcordate. Tt

Te volutions are very few and much concealed, the

obtuse rounding edge which gives the short obcordate

form to the aperture distinguishes it from the next species:
its thickness is equal to about one-fourth of its width: it
is very pellucid and shining.

Found in the same stone as the last.

PLANORBIS lens.

TAB. CXL.—Fig. 4.
Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, subcarinated, volutions
embracing ; aperture yery oblique, obcordate.
Arocerner much flatter than the last, with the sides
more equally concave; about one-sixth of its width in
thickness; it much resembles the recent British Planorbis.

From the Isle of Wight, with the above and following
species.

PLANORBIS hemistoma.
TAB. CXL.— Fig. 6,

Spec. Cuan. Depressed, smooth; right side con-
vex, umbilicate; left side flat; aperture
oblique, subtriangular.

A minute shell, seldom exceeding one line in diameter
and afourth of one in thickness: the volutions, although
partly concealed by hanging over on the right side, make
no impression on each other: the aperture is triangular,
with the angles and one side rounded. ids

I picked this up insand at Plumstead along with Car-
dium plumstediense and various other marine shells,
Sharks’ teeth, &e. The lower figures are magnified, the
upper figure about the natural size.

PLANORBIS radiatus.
TAB. CXL.—Fig. 5.
Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, radiated; left side um-

- pilicate; volutions nearly concealed ; aperture
obcordate. . .

Tis is a strong shell; the radii are a kind of plaits gra-
dually disappearing towards the margin and very sharp
but not deep in the umbilicus: the mouth adheres, with
swelling edges to the next whorl; about one-fourth of its
diameter in thickness. —

When describing the Planorbis in general, I could not
help thinking it convenient to describe a shell from the
micaceous green sand formation, and rather mixed with
marine with fresh water products, and which may, per-
haps, hereafter, with further information, lead to the
separation of another Genus. Itis remarkable for forming
nearly the whole whorl on one side and having smalj
indistinct inner whorls. In this green and micaceous
sand we also find inner casts like fig. 8.

= EEE

PLANORBIS euomphalus.
TAB, CXL.— Fig. 7, 8, and 9.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, subcarinated, concen-
trically striated; right side flat; left side
largely umbilicate ; aperture subtriangular.

~ = SP

W noxzs five or six, exposed, gibbose and rather an-

gular on the left side, forming a deep umbilicus ; the

aperture receives a slight impression from the preceding
whorl. The stria are fine all over the shell, and here and
there, upon the flat side in particular, are a few larger,

more prominent ones. | . f .

Tiis’shell bas been described as from the Isle of Wight,
by Mr. Webster, in the Geological Transactions : my
spemines are from the mass Mr. Iremonger gave me in

1808, eontaining several of the preceding species. I

believe it differs sufficiently from the French species.

Fig. 8 and 9 represent casts, apparently of this shell,
they were sent me by Mr. Davies, of Bath, found in the
neigibourhood; occasionally such types may be useful
they are Limestone.

93
CIRRUS.

Gen. Cuar. Univalve, spiral, conical, without a
columella ; funnel-shaped beneath ; volutions
united.

— ee

Moszr of the shells of this genus have round mouths,
not indented by the last whorl, but united to it by an
expansion and thickening of the substance of the shell.
The apex is always elevated much above the base, and
equally so at all ages of the shell; whereas, in Kuom-
phalus, the genus nearest united to this, the apex is but
jittle eleyated, except sometimes in old shells, when the
last whorl descends more than usual; from Scalaria it
differs in the union of the whorls, and the want of ribs.

A shell of this genus is distinguished at once by the
peculiar aspect of the funnel-shaped umbilicus which
exposes the inner parts of the whorls. It is a curious
genus, and would be considered a Turbo till modern
discernment showed the necessity of nicer distinctions :
having no columella it represents the whorl of some
tendrils called Cirri, or a curled lock of hair, I have
_ therefore named it Cirrus.

CIRRUS acutus.
TAB. CXLI.---Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, sharp, with an obscure ca-
* ‘ina near the upper part of each whorl ; aper-
ture round.

= —

W norts about eight ; the height and the diameter of the
base are equal: the volutions are united by only a small
part of their surface, as is the case with most of the
genus: the lines of growth are longitudinal, fine and
regular.

This specimen was sent me long ago by Mr. Martin
from Derbyshire ; it is extremely neat; there are crystals
of Carbonate of Lime within it.

CIRRUS nodosus.
TAB. CXLI.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Acutely conical, spire reversed, with
two obscure transverse carine, upon which are
numerous longitudinally extended tubercles ;
aperture orbicular.

Taere are two rows of tubercles on each whorl, formed
by the intersection of transverse and longitudinal ridges,
the upper row is the largest, and the other is inconspi-
euous: the aperture seems from the cast to have been
somewhat plaited.

Dr. Leach, at present so well known for his extensive
researches into Natural History, some years since pre-
sented me with this specimen, picked up near Yeovil ; it
is a reverse shell, and seems to have been gregarious :
two were here crowded together: there were signs of
Ammonites in the mass. It has had apparently a very
acuminated spire, seven turns of which remain, and the
space above for as many more, according to the general
proportions.

CIRRUS plicatus.
TAS. CRE Figs 3.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, transversely striated, base
angular ; sides flattened ; umbilicus plaited or
deeply striated ; aperture oblong.

=o tie

Base rather broader than the height ; the aperture is
subquadrangular, and wider than it is long. The angu-
lar form of the outer edge giving a flatness to the cone
it would form if perfect, will help to distinguish this
species : the lines of growth are indistinct, the creases or
plaits in the umbilicus, which is rather small, and looks
as if formed by the curvature of the shell, are a help to its
name.

From Folkstone, by favour of Mr. Gibbs: it has, like
other productions of that place, some of the original shell
remaining, which is occasionally finely iridescent ; the
present is rather chalky, The inside cast is a mixture of
ironey clay with lime.

TROCHUS similus.
TAB. CXLII.

‘Spec. Cuar. Conical, base rather convex, volu-
tions squarish, with tubercles upon their angles,
transversely carinato-striate, and a round-
ing elevation in their centers ; lines of growth
decussating the three central striz.

SS ae

"Tue tubercles are numerous, rather depressed, but
large, the stria are undulated and pass over them ; be-
tween the three central strie which lie upon the elevated
part of the whorls the lines of growth are seen very
sharp, close and regularly arched: the columella is im-
perforate, and the interior of the shell is nearly plain,
retaining but small signs of the tubercles: the aperture
is square with rounded angles, and the inner lip is thick-
ened, two characters not well expressed in the figure,
which was taken from a handsome, but in this respect an
imperfect specimen.

The Blue Lias at Weston near Bath, and in the neigh-
bourhood of Yeovil, Lackington Park, Shotover, &c.
abounds with this Trochus. Lister found it at Bugthorp,
Yorkshire, and has figured it in his Conchology, f. 1036.
It is found of considerable size, and more or less worn
so as to disguise it in a way that makes it often difficult
to distinguish the species. When most perfect it is very
much ornamented with transverse undulating strie, and
often a rather conspicuous sort of belt, which has what
some have occasionally denominated a herring bone
marking. Among my specimens are several casts of the
interior only ; some are included in a mould of the outer
surface, like the lower figure; and the space between

them contains a few crystals of carbonate of lime; other
specimens have this space quite filled up, and the sur-
rounding stone broken away; of such is the upper
figure : some casts are beautified with octohedral crystals
of pyrites.

A Trochus nearly resembling this is found in some
parts of Normandy, but comparison wil} prove that they
are distinct species.

CARDITA tuberculata.
TAB. CXLIII.

Spec. Cuar. Heartshaped, longitudinally radiated,
radii tuberculated ; valves equal, laterally com-
pressed, longitudinally subcarinate, one side
semilobate, the other nearly flat, beaks much
incurved.

Tae length, breadth, and depth are in the proportion
of 5. 4. and 3.; the radii are not deep,—they are nume-
rous, and in sets of three or four, with more enlarged
and conspicuous ones intervening.

The micaceous sandy strata dug through to make the
Devizes canal, has afforded some curious casts and im-
pressions of shells. The present was among others col-
lected by the indefatigable and discerning Mrs. Gent,
who has obligingly lent me the rarities of her collection
to draw. The beauty of this specimen, and the tender
adherence of the sand, infering the probability of time
obliterating the greatest beauty of its ornamental striez,
I considered it a treat to preserve a resemblance of it, as
every touch brings away some grains. It is rather
obliquely compressed, as if by accident, yet it appears
to be a compressed shell with elegant curved beaks.
Should the same occur in greater perfection, we may
possibly discover with certainty all its characters, in the
mean time the utility of publishing it now will be appre_
ciated by the information, which bids fair to lead the
attention and elicit discovery.

iste sesame aid to psa ott wink “ot it
lo yilididang only qaingivi dowoe oul? te aoasierlba.
i pe ae cam att Yo viewed testeory out galimsatilda,
rete ALS ts $i Te penal manss orroneny ab toeyt w ti borebiasoo £: Dee
; vohet al. i agliep sere yawe ayaied duvot yiawk!) ~
-agqge 2 te Jenbinas yd Mowe doreriqies ylompilda —
ahead howtes tmipais die Kiade hageogggro9 aad ot
yoo oe .cvitesbrey tehewiy Mi tida0 dttilin oid blond ©
oft Gi erstourciits edit The piistes dite, wreonth yidiaeo
comgqat od live wren Raideiidy, Ww pilite ods.enti) aaom
=. Lena ot sit eb b maeh eeBearcolal att ed. betsig.
comes ‘inthe - re e ;

CARDIUM semigranulatum.
TAB. CXLIYV.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, transverse, subtriangular,
longitudinally striated, posterior side straight,
longitudinally sulcated, and largely granulated.

V ery similar to the Cardium edule in general form, but
often twice as large ; it is a slender shell, smooth to the
touch, but is covered with fine longitudinal striz ; upon the
posterior side the strie are enlarged and become sharp
sulci, on the ridges between these sulci are many small
irregularly globose tubercles or granules; the edge is
minutely dentated.

Of this Cardium some large fragments were presented
to me from Barton Cliff, by Miss Benett; I had pre-
viously received small ones by favour of the Rev. W.
Bingley, and, in 1814, Mr. Bullock was so kind as to
present me with a small, nearly entire specimen, from
the Clay stratum, related to that of Highgate, in the
Regent’s Park, since which, in 1815, the same species
has been found in the continuation of the same stratum,
near the White Conduit House, at Islington. I do not
know that it was ever found at Highgate, although many
Shells like the Highgate productions were found with it;
it was accompanied in these places by two or three other
species of shells not found at Highgate and some stems
of Pentacrini, with the appearance of the shelly substance
about them ; none such were found at Highgate, and I
am pretty confident no specimen of Argonauta was found
there, although report has said there was.

100

This Cardium is very distinct from any of the Genus
that I know, yet its general resemblance to those figured
in tab. 14 would have found it a place near them had E
possessed it at that time, and now I have no British con-
gener to place with it: my best specimen is full of Pyrites,
and may fall to pieces, for which reason it was advisable
to secure a remembrance of it.

101

HELIX GENTIL.

TAB. CXLY.

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, gibbose, smooth, with a
spiral band along the upper part of the whorl ;

aperture large, expanded, elliptical.

R aruer less than an inch high, and an inch anda half
wide; the strie of growth are rather obscure, except
near the upper part of the whorl, where they run into a
narrow sulcus that forms the spiral band.

I am favoured with permission to draw this pretty
cast by Mrs. Gent, whose name I have given it in com-
memoration of that scientific zeal which trusted an
unique tender micaceous sandy cast to travel so far. I
presume it to be an Helix, as somewhat according with -
tab. 10 and the position of the band is probably a good
characteristic distinction: it was gathered in the mica-
geous sand formation near Devizes.

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103
PLEUROTOMA. Lam.

Gen. Cuar. An univalve, fusiform or subturreted
shell; base of the aperture channelled; a deep
sinus in the upper part of the outer lip.

Tne form of the mouth in fossil shells of this Genus is
seldom distinguishable except in the lines of growth ; the
thinness of the outer lip renders it so liable to accidents.
The general form is similar to that of Murex, Fusus,
&e. The beak is straight, and the columella without
plaits.

PLEUROTOMA attenuata.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cnar. Fusiform, base attenuated; longitu-
dinally undulated ; undulations five or six, with
a large compressed tubercle at the upper end
of each ; volutions transversely striated; aper-
ture narrow, straight.
&
Tue upper part of each whorl is nearly even, being only
striated and is bounded by transversely compressed tuber-
cles on the upper part of oblique undulations or caste:
over these and the remainder of the whorl are numerous
small subtuberculated ridges with strie between them.
The aperture equals half the entire length of the shell:
the beak is produced by the gradual tapering of the last
whorl and is of the same length as the spire; the width
is equal to one fourth of the length; a rugged aspect is
given by the irregular lines of growth.

This species seems to be rare, I have only yet seen two
pieces, found at Stubbington by Mr. Holloway. Although
many species from that place agree with those found at
Highgate and Barton, and the foreign ones, yet I believe
this is found no where else.

104

PLEUROTOMA exorta.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. 'Turreted, base conical, elongated ;
whorls concave and smooth above, below longi-
tudinally undulated and convex ; with many
elevated subtuberculated lines ; aperture ovate,
elongated, canaliculated. .

Syn. Murex exortus. Brand. f. 32.
onerruprar undulations or coste 12 or 14, rounded
and strongest on the spire ; the smooth concave part of
the whorl is bounded by the commencement of the costa
which is rather sudden; length of the aperture, including
the beaks, equal to two-fifths of the whole shell; the
lines of growth are indistinct, but form small tubercles
upon the transverse lines.

From Barton. It appears to be Murex exortus of
Brander, or at any rate a variety approaching his M.
macilentus. The Pleurotoma dentata of Lamarck,
under which M. exortus is quoted, with a mark of doubt,
is certainly distinct from any Hampshire shell I am ac-
quainted with, as I learn from a French specimen sent
me by Monsieur De France.

PLEUROTOMA rostrata.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Fusiform, with many transverse
ridges aud short costee, volutions obscurely de-
cussated, expanded and slightly concave above,
rather ventricose and roughish below: aper-
ture elongated, canaliculated.

Syn. Murexrostratus. Brand. f. 34.

Coste numerous, obscure on the latter whorls; the de-
cussations on the upper part of the whorls are very
slight, but most distinct near the edge; the transverse
ridges are quite free from tubercles, but are roughened

by the lines of growth; the aperture and beak occupy
half the length of the shell.

105

_ ‘This species is found at Barton Cliff; it differs a little
from Brander’s excellent figure in the characteristic space
on the upper part of each whorl, arid the less acuminated
beak, but it can only be a variety. I have seen part of
a cast in micaceous sand, from the Devizes Canal, very
like this, but it had not the collar, if L may so term it.

PLEUROTOMA acuminata.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Turreted, acuminated, longitudinally
ribbed, transversely striated; whorls above,
concave, edge fimbriated; below sulcato-
striated; aperture elongated, canaliculated,
one third the length of the shell ; beak broad.

Tus coste are numerous, pretty close anda little waved;
the edges of the whorls are elegantly marked by the lines
of growth so as to appear fringed ; volutions about nine ;
width equal to about one-fifth of the length. —

The narrowness of this shell and difference in other
respects, from Brander’s Murex macilentus, or any other
of his shells, seems to confirm it as belonging, exclu-
sively, to some other place ; it was found at Highgate.
{tis a curious fact that different places, frequently im
the same country and of a similar formation, should have
such specific distinctions.

PLEUROTOMA comma.
TAB. CXLVL—Fig. 5.

Spec. Cuar. Turreted, beaked, with acute transa
verse rising lines; volutions smooth in the
middle, with many short curved coste ; aper-
ture ovate, canaliculated ; beak slightly curved.

Tue coste extend only over the smooth part of the

whorl, they are swelled at the upper part, curved and

pointed below, something like a comma; the rising lines

are few, sharp, even and most prominent near the mid-

dle of each turn: aperture about two-fifths the length of

the shell.

Stubbington has afforded this shell to Mr. Holloway,
and I figure it at present as rare, not knowing that it has
been found elsewhere.

106

PLEUROTOMA semicolon.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 6. _

Srec. Cuar. Turreted, elongated, striated, with
many curved coste ; whorls swelled with a gra-
nulated margin; base conical, decussated ;
aperture ovate, beaked.

Tur granule upon the margin of the whorls correspond

With the coste, which are long, narrow, curved, and

Swelled at the top: the beak is rather thick and obtuse ;

aperture one-third the length.

This does not appear to be a young shell although it is
small, and as the characters are distinct and ripe, I was
not willing to overlook it, not knowing of any other spe-
cimen of the same species. Mr. Holloway found it at
Stubbington.

~ PLEUROTOMA colon.
TAB. CXLVI.—Fig. 7 and 8.

Spec. Cuar. Fusiform, striated; whorls concave
above; with a crenulated margin, below with
many rugged transverse ridges and small short
longitudinal undulations; base conical ; aper-
ture elongated.

Tue transverse ridges alternate with the strie, and in
some specimens divide the undulations into two small
tubercles; the crenulations on the margins are also
sometimes doubled in the same manner: the beak is
obtuse; aperture nearly half the length of the shell ; the
width is about one-third the length.

Probably this is not rare at Barton Cliff, I have
figured two varieties which I at first thought might be
distinct species, but intermediate specimens have led me
to alter my opinion : the chief difference is in the longitu-
dinal undulations, which in fig. 7 are very small and
formed into a double row of minute tubercles or punc-
‘tums, while in fig. 8 they are larger and scarcely af-
fected by the transverse ridges, but in it the margin still
retains the double row of punctums or crenulations. Can
these be young individuals of Murex turbidus of Brander ?

Ihave named the three last species from the resem-
blance of parts of their sculpture to the marks used ir
punctuation, as they afford terms easily remembered.

107

CERITHIUM funiculatum.
TAB. CXLVII.—Fig. 1 and 2.

Spec. Cuar. Pyramidal, sides straight; whorls
with four, nearly equal crenulated carine on
each ; base with several plain elevated ridges.

A trnoven the carine are nearly equal, the uppermost
or marginal one is rather the largest and the next the
smallest; the carine look like closely knotted cords,
twisted at equal distances round the spire.

This species was found at Plumstead, in a gravelly
soil, with other shells formerly described. Before com-
parison, it so much resembled those of fig. 3 and 4 from
Charlton, that I thought them the same species. I pre-
sume, however, they are different enough to be consi-
dered distinct.

CERITHIUM intermedium.
TAB. CXLVII.—Fig. 3 and 4,

Spec. Cuar. Pyramidal, sides straight; whorls
with a largely crenulated margin and five or six
unequal earine on each; base with several
elevated ridges.

par eae

Pak difference between this and the last lies principally
in the irregularity of the carine ; the upper carina is so
near the edge, so large and so deeply crenulated, that
it forms a margin or border to the whorl; the others are
unequal both in distance and size, and are either plain
or irregularly subtuberculated ; the lines of growth in
both are sharp.

108

T have found these most abundantly at Charlton in «
stratum of Clay above the sand, and rarely, if at all,
elsewhere, although not easily distinguished till compared,
and as difficult to describe; C. funiculatum from Plum-
stead, and C. funatum, tab. 128 are great resemblances,
especially when more or less worn, as in fig. 3.

CERITHIUM dubium,
TAB. CXLVIL.—Fig. 5.

Spec. Cuar. Turreted ; whorls with a row of com-
pressed tubercles near the middie, and two
transverse rows of lesser tubercles below ; base
with one or two rows of tubercles.

G0,

Tae tubercles of the upper row are trausversely com-
pressed and sharp, they are placed at about one-third the
length of the whorl from its upper edge.

Mr. Holloway found the present specimen at Stub-
bington and he has found Cerithium giganteum there,
from which it would appear to accord with some of the
French formations. This may possibly be a large
variety of Cerithium calcitrapoides of Lamarck, described
in his account of the Fossil shells found in the environs
of Paris, p. 82.

109

CERITHIUM melanioides.
TAB. CXLVII.---Fig. 6 and 7.

Srec. Cuar. Turreted, obscurely longitudinally
undulated ; whorls convex, bearing above the
middle a largely tuberculated carina, below
with two or three transverse tuberculated ca-
rine ; beak very shojt.

A handsome shell, differing from the last in the blunt-
ness of the tubercles, which have a less coronated form,
and in the lesser number of volutions ; it is smooth, ge-
nerally shining ; the lesser carine are about four, con-
stant on the lower part of the whorls, but near the mid-
dle often little better than two elevated striz or even
quite wanting: the mouth is almost round; the beak is
very short, if any, but I have seen no perfect specimen.

The peculiar abundance of this species at Charlton ap-
pears to claim for it a distinction. Fig. 6 is the whitest
specimen I have seen, which I gathered there. Miss
Rashleigh sent me a fine specimen, gathered at South-
fleet, which is a variety with the smaller bands in conspi-
cuous risings, and according with a specimen found in
Clay above the Chalk, at Newhaven, by G. A. Maniell,
Esq. who also sent me some marked Hamsey. I have
also found it on the banks of the Croydon canal, near
the Kent road, among gravel.

A figure of this Cerithium is given in the second plate
of Smith’s “ Strata, identified by organized Fossils.”

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111

: OSTREA deltoidea.
Foe nts. Gu V Lins

Srec. Cuar. Equivalved, flat, thin, orbicular,
with a deep sinus on one side, and a produced
straight beak.

Syn. Ostrea deltoidea. Lamarck Env. de Paris,

p. 265.

So flat is this oyster that there is very little room for an
animal between the shells; the back part is elongated
with parallel sides for a short space, forming a kind of
neck terminated by the hinge: the pit of the hinge is of
equal width withit: the front is rounded and produced on
one side in alobe which, together with the beak, forms two
angles of atriangle, and gives the outline the general
form of the letter D or 4; the shell is thin, the edges
extend far beyond the interior surface, especially about
the neck, and make the external outline more orbicular
than the internal.

This oyster is a sort of proof of a characteristic con-
stancy in shape that nothing can contradict, however, we
might suspect otherwise in so variable a Genus ; thus this
species is known to all who have once recognized it,
without any difficulty. The extreme flatness,* even
when the shell is attached to more gibbous species, were
it not constant, might be attributed to some pressure, for
the space that the animal might have occupied seems in-
sufficient to have allowed of its existence, and the shell
possessing the usual characters of its tribe, the tripartite
hinge, the multiplied lateral lamine, &c. we should have

* Connecting the idea of flatness where there is much variety of colour

is sometimes more difficult than might be expected, as dark tints gene-
rally serve fer relief.

112

thought could not have exhibited them in so flat a form but by
some accidental means, suchas growth or pressure betwixt
two rocks: that either should be so constant or so pre-
cisely regular, if admitted, would yet become an insur-
mountable circumstance, as they are found in a soft
loose Clay on Shotover hill, which consists for the most
part of an hardish Limestone, where numerous species of
Shells and animal remains, not compressed, are found,
but none of these oysters; at least I could not find
any of the same apparent species among the beds of stone.
The species is most commonly known at Oxford, &c. as
Heddington oysters: it is also found near Cambridge.
Mr. Edward Bridgman found it at Lopham, in Norfolk,
specimens of which were brought me by the Rev. Mr.
Lambert. Miss Benett found great variety at Sandfoot
Castle, near Weymouth, and favoured me with speci
mens, some of which are deeper than usual.

113

GRYPHAA dilatata.

TAB. CXLIX.---Fig. 1.

Spre. Cuar. Orbicular, obscurely lobed; upper
valve flat, lower valve hemispherical.
Var. 6 distinctly lobed, Fig. 2.

Snort as the beak of this is, it curves enough in most
specimens to mark the Genus, besides this, the regular
concavity of the lower valve and its lobed form are suffi-
ciently characteristic ; the back of the flat valve in old
specimens is straight and occupied by the hinge pit,
which is not curved, and consequently diverges from the
curved pit in the other valve; the lateral lobe varies, in
some specimens it is very distinctly defined, in others
obscure; but it may always be traced; the var. 6 has the
lobe very strong and produced in both yalves.

This, and the varieties into which it sports, are not
rare, itis, therefore, necessary, if possible, to distinguish
its characters as aspecies. The hinge, at first sight, and
in a single specimen would appear to be nearly sufficient
to generalize it, and is certainly of much use, although
many varieties of different species of oysters have some
approach to the characters peculiar to Gryphites, such
as the curved beak and the lobe or sulcus: the great
breadth and uniform concavity of the deep valve with the
gaping hinge appear to be the essential characters.

The upper specimen and some larger varieties, mea~
suring eight inches and ahalf diameter, I have had long
since from Suffolk, by favour of Dr. Sutton. An odd
variety, very broadly aggregated, with the side lamine
more extravagant than the one figured, was brought me
from Pakefield. I have one with many Vermicule and

114

part of an Ostrea delta ‘attached to it, from Sandfoot.
Castle, near Weymouth. The same species is also
found at Born, in Lincolnshire, where it is called the
Sickle oyster: at Brambery hill, Brora, in Scotland, of
a large size; (the latter I have by favour of Mr. Farey;)
and at the following places: near Broomham, Somerset;
Rude Cliff, near Osmington; Radipole and Portland,
like fig. 2; Coney Weston ; Ilminster; near Woburn;
Farley gate, Gloucestershire ; Bennington, Herts, gene-
rally of a reddish colour; and with other shells on the
high range of hills bounding Romney Marsh, in Kent.

Calne affords varieties of this species: my friend, Thos.
Meade, Esq. has a fine oval specimen, wide and deeply
hollowed, from the Clunch Clay bed, 200 feet thick,
near Calne. The deeper variety is said to characterize
the Stratum, and is common throughout Somersetshire,
Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, and Bedfordshire, where they
are found waterworn.

115

TEREBRATULA acuta.

TAB. CL.---Fig. 1 and 2.

Spec. Cuar. Ovato-triangular, slightly transverse ;
middle elevated by one large acutangular plait ;
sides with one large and several small plaits

each.

Tue sinus in the front of this is nearly an equilateral
triangle, with slightly rounding sides ; the lateral plaits
are seldom more than two on each side, the first is large,
sharp, and extends almost to the beak, the others are
little else than marginal undulations.

Mr. Richard Taylor, jun. having sent this as found in
the coarse Limestone of Staunton hill, Gloucestershire,
and as it is rarely met with, I thought it desirable to see
a figure, and as I have also received it from my kind
friend, Mr. Strangwayes, from the coarse Limestone at
Ilminster, it became the more convenient to publish a
designation of it, and still further, as I have received the
same species from France. It suggested its own name,
by which it may be easily recognized. The British spe-
cimens that [have seen are much worn. The French
one is a less transverse variety, also more acute in its
form, with a straighter front and greater elevation of the
middle: fig. | is arepresentation of it for comparison.

116

TEREBRATULA resupinata.
TAB. CL.---Fig. 3 and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Oblong ovate, front depressed by 4
large rounded plait, sides elevated, rounded :
lower valve obtusely carinated, with a sharp
beak and a longitudinal ridge along each side.

Seuninimmesies cca

Lexern about one-fourth greater than the width: the
sinus on the front is rounding in the middle with
straightish sides; the lower sides of the shell are
rounded and entire ; the carina of the lower valve is very
broad and rounded.

Mr. Strangwayes sent me this from Ilminster, he
found it in the coarse Limestone: it is remarkable for
being the reverse of the preceding species or resupinate
in comparison with it; on which account, although a
plainer shell without plaits on the edges, it has so general
a resemblance at first sight, that the two have been laid
together as the same species. I believe neither are yet
commonly known; all that I have yet seen have ay
ochraceous tint,

117

CASSIS bicatenatus.
TAB. CLI.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate, ventricose, with many de-
pressed transverse ridges, decussated by small
longitudinal costae towards the upper parts of
the whorls ; aperture ovate ; left lip obscurely
tuberculated.

Berween each of the ridges is a flat space rather wider
than the ridge, in the middie of which is an elevated
line: the coste are most distinct upon the central whorls,
they give a chain-like appearance to two or three pairs
of ridges : the aperture is ovate, indented in the upper
part by the body of the shell; the right lip is thickened
and crenulated within ; the columella plaited and ex-
panded into the left lip, which is flat and extended over
the open umbilicus.

This prize was found by the Rev. J. Lambert, of 'Tri-
nity College, in the Crag at Bawdsey, Suffolk. There
is no doubt of its being a Buccinum of Linn. and a
Cassis of Lam. Morio of Montft. although the colu-
mella is plaited. We prefer Cassis, and use it; we
must confess we have not seen the perfect termination,
but enough of it is preserved to show what genus it
belongs to; the dotted outline is added from: Buccinum
gibbum Linn. which bears a great resemblance to it, as
does also Buce. bilineatum, see Lister 998; it might
indeed deserve that term as it is bilineated in some parts.

This is a curious proof of the antiquity of the forma-
tion, as it by no means agrees with any of the recent
shells on our shores as the Murex contrarius tab. 23, and
Murex striatus, tah. 22, of the same formation, are sup-
posed by some to do,

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119

LIMA. Lamarck.

Gen. Cuar. A longitudinal inequilateral eared bi-
valve ; hinge cartilage partly external, attached
to a pit in each valve, placed on diverging
surfaces between the beaks; beaks distant;
valves gaping a little laterally.

Tue peculiar conformation of the hinge of the shells of
this Genus has caused them to be separated from the
Ostrez of Linn. or Pectens of late Authors, which they
resemble in almost every other character, for most of
them are longitudinally ribbed, and have distinct ears :
the line of the hinge also is straight and the hinge pit
triangular ; itis the distance of the beaks from each other
and the external situation of the cartilage that dis-
tinguishes them: there is also a degreeof obliquity in the
valves that forms a natural character. The Generic
name is taken from a specific one of Linneus’s, and is
applicable to most of the species, particularly the known
recent ones, all of which are decorated by deflected

laming much resembling arasp to the touch.

120

LIMA gibbosa.
TAB. CLI.

Spec. Cuar. Elongated, gibbose, smooth, longi-
tudinally plicated in the middle ; ears undefined.

Syn. uster 495. ?
Walcot f. 22. ?

Re Nali/s 5 ed

N ranty twice as long as wide, slightly oblique, in the
middle about 18 small sharp plaits without any scales or
even roughness. The ears are hardly worthy of that
name as they are only expansions of the sides from the
ends of thehinge line: the depth is greatest near the com-
mencement of the beaks, where it almost equals the
width. I have some doubts about the propriety of calling
this a Lima; the form of the hinge corresponds, but the>
want or imperfection of the ears and the valves not gaping
are objections ; there are, however, some recent species
of the Genus, which nearly resemble it in these parti--
culars.
’ Cotswold hills, Gloucestershire, and Taunton afforded
this to Mr. Richard Taylor, jun. with a small Isocardia
of Lam. and other shells in coarse Limestone with
granulz like the small Oolite of Bath, &c. and I believe
the species has been found near Bath, but has not been
understood: I presume it will soon be better known.
Some of this Genus, at first sight, appear like Pla-
giostoma, but by careful examination may be distin-
guished by the thickness of the shell in the hinge, and the
presence of the hinge-pit, both of which are readily seen
i my specimen.

12]

UNIO crassissimus.
TAB. CLIII.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate, transversely undulated or im-
bricated; beak recurved, acute; posterior
side short, round; anterior side obscurely
subcuneiform ; shell very thick.

Tue hollow below the beaks is deep in consequence of
the beaks being much incurved towards the posterior side ;
the cartilage slope is rounding and the front nearly
straight: length two-thirds of the width. The shell is
convex outside and in thickness equal to the internal
depth; the hinge is particularly massive.

Mr. Wood having figured Mya crassa as a thick shell
in tab. 20 of his General Conchology, I must now
use the superlative degree of the word to this Mya
of Linn. but Unio of later authors, and thus, in some
measure, designate the species. I have had the speci-
mens by me for some years, favoured by Dr. Sutton, of
Norwich, and was pleased to find sufficient of the hinge
to determine the Genus, which has puzzled Mr. Park-
inson, who has, not without doubting, made it a Donax.
This Gentleman observes they are usual in Gloucester-
shire and Wiltshire, near Bath, sometimes in the Lias
Clay. Dr. Sutton gave me many specimens of Fossil
shells as British, without localities, among which are
several of this species, all formed of Carbonate of Lime :
upon opening one of the pairs the hinge was found con-
cealed among equiaxed crystallizations (British Mine-
ralogy tab 13) beautifully showing the manner of modi-
fication, &e.

122

The imbricated surface and great thickness of this spe-
cies seems at first to place it at a distance from others of
the Genus, but there are many, both recent and fossil,
to associate with it, and perhaps some of the characters
may hereafter become Generic distinctions. I show a
few more of this family on the next plate to make them
more familiar: their external characters are sufficient to
connect them, although we cannot always separate the
valves as we have done in the present specimen.

123

UNIO Listeri. | \
TAB. CLIV.—Fig. 1, 3, and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Cordate, transversely imbricated,
beak recurved, acute; posterior side small ;
middle flattish ; shell thick.

fs fr : mone

ue front of this species is sharper or more wedge-
shaped than is usual in shells of this Genus ; neither the
posterior side nor the cartilage slope are so round as in
Unio crassissimus: the breadth is but very little greater
than the length.

This always puts me in mind of Lister’s “ Musculus
fluviatilis @ fuvio Thamesi ad Battersea” tab. 184, and the
varieties of Unio ovata in part corresponding with his fi-
gure and which I find occasionally at the same place,
wherefore I have named it after him. Fig. 1 was sent
me from Durham, as found in that neighbourhood some
years since in Clayey Limestone: it accords much with
some smaller mutilated specimens from Suffolk, by favour
of Dawson Turner, Esq. and from an etching by fayour
of Mr. Richard Taylor, it appears to be found in Roydon
gravel pit, near Diss, in Norfolk, rather more perfect and
plentiful : but if the same species they differ a little in the
state of preservation, being apparently less smooth, and
formed of a lighter coloured Carbonate of Lime.
‘The specimens, fig. 3 and 4, are from Scarborough ;
the smallest is a young shell before it has acquired its
cordate form, from my friend Mr. Strangewayes, who
found several specimens there; the other I bought of a
dealer from thence. Perhaps this is the “ thick ovate
shell, a little depressed, found at Malton and Seamer
quarries, in length two inches and a half, in breadth three
inches ;’? mentioned in Scarborough Fossils, p. 103,
where it is put under the Genus Tellina.

124

I figure these on a presumption that they may lead to
information, should any one find them and determine that
they belong to the Genus Unio or otherwise ; as far as I
yet know, specimens exposing the inner construction
haye not been found.

UNIO hybrida.
TAB. CLIV.---Fig 2.
Spec. Cuar. Oblong, ovate, anterior side sub-

acuminate ; surface imbricated; beaks re-
curved, acute ; shell thick.

——

Tus differs from the recent Unio oyatus principally in

the largely imbricated surface and thickness of the shel]

with the acute beaks; breadth about twice the length.
The specimen figured is from Nottinghamshire,

125

VENUS. Linn.

Gen. Coir. An equivalved rather inequilateral
bivalve with three hinge teeth in each valve,
converging towards the beaks ; ligament ex-
ternal, placed upon the anterior slope.

EE ee

Tue shells of this Genus have generally a cordate im-
pression under the beaks, and their form is more or less
orbicular or transversely oblong; their edges are often
crenate; the shell smooth and ornamented with various
elevations, mostly running in a transverse direction,
while the colours that so frequently enliven their surfaces
are placed longitudinally, zigzag, or irregularly, so to
produce great beauty and much pleasing variety: the
anterior side is generally more or less defined by anangle
or the abrupt termination of the transverse ornaments.
The Genus Venus as defined by Lamarck is dis-
tinguished from other shells which Linneus included
under the same head, by Linneus’s own character, the
number and position of the teeth in the hinge; in confor-
mity with this I found it necessary to form the Genus
Astarte of such shells as have only two teeth in each valve.
Other shells of the Linnean Genus Venus are arranged
by Lamarck under his new Genus Cytherea, and dis-
tinguished by an additional tooth separated from the rest
and placed under the lunula or posterior slope. But as
there is no other difference, he seems himself to doubt the
propriety of the separation, and I am unwilling to adopt
it because the additional tooth is sometimes very small
and seldom possesses the regularity of the other teeth. I
have figured already two species of genuine Venus, lineolata
and plana tab. 20. [have also figured two others as of this
Genus, V. equalis and angulata, tab. 11 and G5, but they,
together with Venus [slandica, which they muchresemble,
differ from Lamarck’s character in the disposition of the
teeth under the beak, and possess in one valve, besides
them, a lamellar elongated tooth within the anterior
side; these may, perhaps, hereafter form a good Genus.

od ¥ YY
NAY &

126

VENUS incrassata.
CYTHEREA. Lamarck.
TAB. CLYV.---Fig. 1 and 2.

Sprc. Cuar. Orbicular, oblique, subdepressed,

- smooth ; posterior slope straightish ; lunula

large, obscure ; edge entire; a conical tooth
under the lunula. -

Suri very thick, the anterior slope concave, holding the liga-
ment ; the central tooth of the hinge thick and blunt, but not
bifid ; the detached conical tooth which would make it a Cy-
therea, is small, but sharp, opposed to a corresponding hollow
in the opposite valve: the lines of growth are fine, and very
numerous near the edge.

I received this some time since from the Rev. Mr. Lremonger,
from Brackenhurst, in the New Forest, Hampshire; it is suffi-
ciently distinct from any other that I know. The specimen is
very entire, and the two shells were so perfectly locked toge-
ther by the narrow hinge tooth, between the two most adjacent
ones in the opposite valve, that it broke in separating them.
The gloss, in some measure, remains both outside and within,
the former was apparently brown when fresh, the latter white ;
both are now stained with grey streaks and blotches. The spe-
cimens seem to have lain in a loose earth. I shonid suppose if
the place were searched it would afford some well preserved
reliquiz. .

: VENUS gibbosa.
TAB. CLV.---Fig. 3 and 4.

Spec. Cuan. Orbicular, gibbous, with many trans-
verse rug ; lunula large and short ; edge sub-
crenulated ; hinge rather large.

Venvs rugosa is something like this, but that is shorter and
less gibbous and has a much smaller lunula: its hinge also is
much smaller: both have rudiments of a tooth under the lunula
in each valve, but without corresponding impressions.

I have only received one specimen of this shell, some few
years since, from Suffolk, and I consider it a variety. The
present active spirit of research will in due time prove if it be
more common than I expect. It is in a tender chalky state,
and I conceive it proper to secure it as f think it is sufficiently
distinguished to be recognized by moderate specimens. Its
outer coat, withthe ruge, which it seems once to have been
ornamented with, has split away: I cannot, therefore, say
whether they were like those of V. rugosa or not.

127

CARDIUM proboscideum.
TAB. CLVI.---Fig. 1.

Srec. Caar. Suborbicular, gibbous ; anterior side
straight, about 20 longitudinal rows of large
canaliculated spines, with two rows of lesser
ones between each cover the surface.

————_—<

Tins corresponds in form with Cardium ciliatum, but
the disposition of the rows of spines is altogether dif-
ferent and the shell is thicker: a few of the last formed
thorns on the posterior side are very large and clumsy,
and serve to relieve the elegant proportion of the others.

This elegant shell very rarely remains so finely re-
placed and in so extraordinary a manner as this specimen
in semitransparent calcedony, covered by Cachalong,
becoming transparent when wet and more opaque when
dry. Iam favoured with it by Miss Hill, from Black-
down, near Cullumpton, Devonshire. The larger
doubled aculei are elegantly cast and with extreme
neatness, as well as the two smaller rows, making
generally three sets of aculei, and distinguishing it
from any recent species: a few of the aculei are
widened in an extraordinary manner, but they appear
as if they were so in the original or recent state of
the shell. It may be expected that the Lime of the shell
has been carried away with the acting fluid that held the
Caicedonic matter in solution to fill the space by some
chemical means, with which we are as yet unacquainted.
What information we may gain on this point by means of
our new apparatus, we know not. The sand in which

128

this action has taken place is of an hard or harsh gritty
feel, with particles of Mica ; the whole more or less con-
creted. These and other shells I have, and shall occa-
sionally show are very abundant in it, all in a silicized
state.

CARDIUM umbonatum.
TAB. CLVL.---Fig.-2, 3, and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, gibbous, nearly equilate-
ral, longitudinally striated and obscurely cos-
tated; anterior edge concaye, and angular
above.

LLeneru and breadth three-fourths of an inch; the
costz are so little elevated that the edge is nearly entire,
but the margin is strongly toothed within; the anterior
side is separated by a concavity, so that the upper angle
of it forms a sort of boss; it was formerly thought to be
the young of our common Cockle, Cardium edule; the
evenness of the contour and the concavity around the
anterior side will, E trust, always distinguish it, with
very little difficulty.

Also from Blackdown and silicized: very neat speci-
mens frequently occur. Fig. 4 shows an accidental canal
of which there are slight vestiges in several specimens.

129

AMMONITES Duncani.
TAB. CLVII.

Spec. Cuan. Depressed; inner whorls partly ex-
posed ; radii numerous, undulated ; edge flat,
bounded by two rows of tubercles in the in-
terior whorls ; a few tubercles occur upon the
sides of the inner whorls: aperture ovato-

sagittate.
ae
Taz radii are irregularly furcate, and more or less
obscure about the middle of the sides: the tubercles on
the interior whorls extend over the ends. of two radii,
but on the external whorls they are little more than
swellings of the ends of the radii: the greatest diameter
is about twice the length of the aperture and four times
the thickness.

There is a peculiar elegance in this species that makes
us regret its rarity, and the little chance we conse-
quently have of seeing the exterior. The double row of
button-like protuberances on either side the flattened
outer edge, shewing the place of the siphuncle in the
center, gives an appearance similar to that of some other
species. The fine sharpness of the sinuated edges of the
septa is beautiful. It has protuberating vermicule-like
risings about it which interrupt the distinction of the
whorls :—or are they stalagmitical droppings of pyrites ?
It is partly chalky on the outside, perhaps owing to the
decomposition of the calcareous shell; the rest is pyri-
taceous except a little marle. It is from the forest or
fen clay which runs through England from Weymouth
to the wash of Lincolnshire, and was found by John and
Philip Duncan, Esqrs. after whom I am pleased that it
is named, at St. Neotts, Huntingdonshire.

VOL. 1. 79/7

ei ie iba: “Ath, he seidiay, galt werey eee

toe

i i” als atk stinattiie: val na

oie é ‘tie: jeorat oie, cx wi >, inte: seid” & fy ty, eeraget

rie ees Rig peat th
a eee 1 eblhiet, “ald

Salt, ign: afaik, erie etl aba Ua ad
Bi sr ay aed ols: tae at pw ales de we

; ‘ ‘eke ‘ah peer ia, si ‘sn si ia a shed
Smee Su sare olhnt ‘ lay taint at ret

duane ‘bt rahi ait wie ey ade ssl me

duet via pane dali 36, Lavcdone oa biter via
0S Sai ela ieee Heiietidahoty ee bitin we
ee ya cools ately ah apivtied ab aden Te art ist:
f dda We, apalijgonly Fist gyal te ees Gin Wake : redid
ead, af elbrtul wipredlneey ‘yelled vey! vol ik Seay re
oS iebiegg a ston ber gla: nriasilasinny itt Lae _aith ings sby

‘ehipodeee: FE an Bavetiga’ z Hewes hiee'g. Avaholng eneky at.
J heteade h ua hasnlt igpn Tlie belo: "i is ches te adthiad =

| oe buch obalig. tid, B. chal a nha, Aap eo iow sia. Bah,

staan i aces ae cies ‘oul

ih a

131
PECTEN Beaveri.
TAB. CLVIII.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, orbicular, smooth, with
irregular longitudinal coste ; ears as wide as
the shell, nearly equal.

> Ea

Tae cost vary in size and distance in the same shell,
and there are between the principal ones now and then a
small one or two: the shell is thin.

Among many specimens [ have not seen so perfect an
example to identify the species as this, lent me from
the Oxford Museum, to which Mr. Beaver presented it ;
it is from the Rev. Mr. Beaver’s quarry at Childrey,
near Wantage, Berkshire. I take advantage of the
opportunity thus allowed me of publishing the spe-
cies; at the same time I beg leave of my friends and
correspondents to say, that I shall still be glad of infor-
mation or specimens, as it is very irregular in some of
its characters, and the outside is as yet but imperfectly
known. Ihave specimens of the same from Hamsey,
Sussex, which Mr. Mantell kindly sent me, that identify
a similar stratum (Chalk marl), but the shells being more
mutilated and smaller, may indicate something relating
to its age.

The upper figure is from an impression of the shell
taken in clay ; I have been able to seperate a portion of
the shell from a Hamsey specimen, sufticient to shew that
' it is smooth: this figure, therefore, exhibits the outside:
the lower figure shews the inside of the shell which
adheres by its outside to the stone, or rather hard marley
chalk, in which it lies. There are a few spots of pyrites
about it.

UF geet: wore Soe wll, 08 \ ahaiae ie
mee Santersnicing savteg 8h a ebaudbie oF eveit hs V
ware Mi aerebtinD: a6 yeti nia eal AM x wa oath
Lhe aa ‘onl qe ‘agatenely tin aidan) “ala dase
ae. es pesidbeibaiegs, Yo oy. batalla’ ends oghiees
cor eae ) i baw phat mone Nae fa igak ‘pid FE enh Sener aele® ‘% + aaa
aE eT ee eta i boli wk thie Nisde se ne ot elite aoqhoatya
Ris tae ys Sy guebaee ote altar Geri ae EE eis aeeseteloag eye, nhgabanagy
Rit ei: Joreaeadgnsd died ig a8 a aN: oi | Borba satis
ok ‘Heat Sink 40 Ae ddietetooga ged E.
PLY ie A — weyit i CAR get? ehbvakis isso Me She oie F +
CO Sn etaemsaentind iio dal Hed Pease Mag) areapiiehe sthiccth
Mts zqeriaint oe 2 asides Pare hve ‘haw srobalia xe
wan site i ‘9 cade: cig magia ei é ova nigga wl: ai
aie oe iii tion.” Horwrdqse of, slalty heed ernst ig paky at iis)
a all eran Ot hala ke yrogil dag wan qtnll a ort [sith Sil,
ON Sebitatina oat eunlidia? prituwads joringit eidlt + too, abs
Co Rt Bide oth 00) Siitemd Sale aaradic) dest git. sae “at
yatmier ‘Wels! dotnet 18 ened adi ‘of ‘ghvietrte ated ih =
eae aon pecs baad ae she col Sod bi alin be a

es
aa

133
SANGUINOLARIA.

Gen. Cuar. A transverse equivalved bivalve, su-
perior margin arched, sides slightly gaping ;
hinge with two approximating teeth in each
valve, and an external cartilage.

ee ee

Tus genus forms a link connecting Solen with Tellina;
it contains shells whose hinge is analogous to that of
some Solens, but in general form they differ much, re-
sembling Tellina in their flatness and rounded margin,
but are generally wider. They have been happily se-
lected from among the Solens of Linneus by Lamarcke.

SANGUINOLARIA Hollowaysii.
TAB. CLIX.
Spec. Cuar. Depressed, transversely elongate,
ovate, and striated; anterior side gradually
expanded ; posterior side very small.

So ee

Leneru equal to three and a half times its width; the
lines of growth form fine sharpish strie ; the beak is
minute, from it a slight depression extends towards the
anterior side: the shell is thin.

_ This was gathered at Bricklesome Bay by the friendly
Mr. Holloway, whose name I feel pleased to com-
memorate, four or five years since: although it is
rather an abundant species it is rare to find one indivi-
dual at all perfect: the pair figured here are held toge-
ther by green sand ; they are brittle: one shell is perfect,
the other has been partly broken away so as to shew the
hinge, and but little more is seen: it will readily be re-
cognized if found again, and is at any rate a valuable
addition to the*catalogue of British fossil shells.

uth Diser ; | ; balan one

he \ nh a a ao oft ‘ane nes aut i oa ‘nin to

RL mite ‘se acing whale ‘Hoieeyeqols itigitet es ae
; ie i poi sey net ae lhe oak btn lean
Whe bint sa ae idk Rae er | ig beiodtog, ehue- eit ii
io Soe a boswoley fasit, L. ecetinas svelte: » iho okes- gl
id Pe Mean | ote deyaonitla ys sage. amy, ‘ant 99 oh altomage |
mae iia BRA bait on att Bh SE: hk lh Seedy enuveb, ‘gee anthee
me HEE hidd tan auth, hingdph ony Bi gett sdoiltaag Up, ta tne

3 | fasten ry tiga ast.) okie aay + ay pinion pile ae :
aS Wis . La Hees bes 1 os Awe nado W) fas ! on

gece lati Fi eo oa a (a reine sii eG |
SER A ca «Man ic nen

135
MACTRA.

Gen. Cuar. An equivalved subequilateral trans-
verse bivalve, gaping at the sides ; a ligament
placed in a pit between the teeth of the hinge
within the beaks ; two elongated lateral teeth
in each valve.

Serer eae aah

Mosr of the shells of this genus are free from striz or -

other ornament; their form approaches to transversely

oval; some are very flat, others are gibbose, and many
have but a slight opening at the sides when the valves
are closed: the lamellar lateral teeth of one valve are
inserted into long grooves bounded on the inner side by
plaits or lamellar teeth in the other: in several species
both these teeth and the grooves are finely striated ina
perpendicular direction.

Lamarck has confined his genus Mactra to such spe-
cies of the Linnean Genus as have prominent lateral

teeth ; the remainder form the genera Crassatella and
Lutraria.

MACTRA arcuata.
TAB. CLX.---Fig. 1 and 6.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate, smooth, back and anterior
margin arched; shell of an uniform thickness ;
posterior side smallest ; hinge narrow.

{28 pe!

Toenern equal to about four-fifths of the width : the lines

of growth are strongly marked: it differs from Mactra

solida in the narrowness of the hinge and the irregularity
of the sides. The lateral teeth are striated.
Mrs. Cobbold sent me these fine specimens from the

Wolywell Crag pits in 1813: they had been compared

with and received the name of Mactra solida of Linn.

136

MACTRA dubia.
TAB. CLX.---Figs. 2, 3, and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Ovato-triangular, transversely elon-
gated, smooth, thickened towards the margin,
sides equal.

Tours is between M. solida and stultorum ; it differs from
the last only in being wider and thickened towards the
edge: the lines of growth are conspicuous, and more par-
ticularly so when the surface has been corroded, a cir-
cumstance generally observable in bivalve Crag shells.*

I received a specimen of this species nearly as large as
the last, by favour of Dawson Turner, Esy. but broken ;
I therefore figure smaller but more perfect specimens
received since from the Rev. G. R. Leathes. I have had
the same, smaller still, from Mrs. Cobbold at Ipswich,
and from Woodbridge.

MACTRA ovyalis.
TAB. CLX.---Fig: 5.
Spec. Cuar. Oval, equilateral, smooth ; thickness
uniform.
Toenarn about three-fourths of the width: its regular

oval form distinguishes it: it is also rather deeper than

M. stultorum. ;
A Crag shell, sent me from Suffolk by Dawson Turner

and W. J. Hooker, Ksqrs.

MACTRA cuneata.
TAB. CLX.---Fig. 7.
Sprc. Cuar. Ovate, smooth, depressed towards the
front, anterior margin acutangular.

Nidee but little more than half the width ; the anterior

side is largest and angular.
These are from Bramerton-hill near Norwich, found

by my late friend Charles Wilkinson, Esq.

¥ Nothiug shews the necessity of nicety in description more than the
difficulty of discriminating the recent from the diluvian or antediluvian
species: the accordance in tine outside when worn, in most of these species
and of Pennant’s figures, has conveyed an idea of all being the same.

137
TELLINA.

Gen. Cuar. An equivalved inequilateral bivalve,
more or less transversely ovate, with the ante-
rior side irregularly bent: hinge slender, with
two or three diverging teeth, and one or two
elongated lateral ones.

Liamarcr’s principal distinction of this Genus is the
bend or waving of the anterior side of the shell, and the
lateral tooth or teeth. The individuals are mostly slender,
compressed, smooth or striated, and white or elegantly
painted; there is something in their general contour,
partly produced hy the above-mentioned bend, although
in some species it is very slight, that indicates the Genus
they belong to, and an inspection of the hinge soon de-
termines it, for thereis an apparent nakedness about it
arising from the slenderness and simplicity of its parts,
that makes it easily distinguishable. The cartilage is
external.

TELLINA obliqua.
TAB. CLXI.— Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Nearly orbicular, convex, oblique,
smooth ; anterior side slightly defined by a
longitudinal wave.

Tue length and breadth are nearly equal ; the depth of
each valve is about one-sixth of the diameter ; the ante-
rior side is the smallest: the lines of growth are irregular,

but rather sharply marked, and the spaces between them
are rather elevated.

~ Z)

138

This species is common in the Crag of Norfolk, Suf-
folk, &c.; the large specimen. fig. 1, was among many
by favour of the Rev. G. R. Leathes, from Suffolk: the
smaller one beneath, from Aldborough, sent me by the Rev.
J. Lambert, is of themoreusualsize. Dhavehad pairs from
Ipswich, sent me by Mrs. Cobbold, who finds them fine, of
all sizes, and varying in colour. Messrs. Turner and
Hooker have also favoured me with specimens of this
species among some varieties of the following: they vary
a little in general form.

TELLINA ovata.
TAB. CLXI.—Fig. 2.
Spec. Cuar. Ovate, convex, smooth, equilateral,
with a slight wave upon the anterior.

Breaprs one-sixth greater than the length; the lines of
growth are sharply cut and very irregular; the spaces
between them generally flat.

This is less circular than the last, and is found varying
in size and colour, depending, like the others, on the
quantity of oxyde of Iron in the bed in which they are
situated. 'They are found at Framlingham and Bramer-
ton, and in various parts of Suffolk.

139
CYCLAS. Bruguiere.

Gen. Cuar. An equivalved inequilateral bivalve,
more or less transverse, with the anterior side
even: hinge strong, with two or three di-
verging teeth and one or two elongated ones :
cartilage external.

Ay intermediate Genus between Venus and Tellina;
it has the general form of Venus, with the lateral tooth
or teeth of Tellina, from which, however, it differs, in
being straight and less slender. The species do not pre-
sent much variety of ornament, either in form or colour,
and in most of them there is no lunula, and the edges are
entire: several of the recent ones have a strong epidermis.

Venus Islandiea of Linn. is a Cyclas of Bruguiere;
this, and one or two analogous fossil shells, which I have
published as of the Genus Venus,* I still suspect may
form a new Genus distinguished by the hinge.

CYCLAS deperdita ?
TAB. CLXII. — Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Ovato-transverse, rather gibbous,
umbonate ; lines of growth elevated, irre-
gular: central hinge teeth three, lateral ones
two.

Sxn. Cyclas deperdita. Lam. Env. de Paris 252.

Park. Org. rem. 3. 189 2

Tue form is a short oval, rarely a little angular towards
the anterior side: two of the central teeth of the hinge
are slightly bifid: the lateral ones sometimes finely
striated perpendicularly, as in several others of the
Genus.t+

This is a common species at Charlton, along with the
two following, and two or three species of Cerithia,
forming together a stratum several feet in thickness, in

¥* See the Generic character of Venus, p. 125.
+ Ihave a large species from China that shows the strix very strongly.

140

which there is a mixture of black Clay: it lies between
strata of ochraceous Clay and gravel, over a bed of white
sand about an hundred feet deep, that rests wpon Chalk.
Some shells contain enough of the animal matter to give
them consistency, and have a shining surface: I have one
pair in which the cartilage of the hinge remains, others
are chalky and moulder between the fingers. The same
species occurs in sand at Plumstead, of all sizes, even to
minute.

I suppose Parkinson considers it the same as the fol-
lowing species, which he figures as C. deperdita of La-
marck, butistooangular toanswer Lamarck’s description :
nothaving seen the French shell T am still in doubt.

CYCLAS ecuneiformis.
TAB. CLXII.—Fig. 2 and 3.

Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely cuneato-ovate, gibbous,
lines of growth numerous, fine ; central hinge
teeth three ; lateral ones two.

Syn. C. deperdita. Park. Org. rem. 3. 189.2, 13-925.

"Ine only difference between this and the last is the an-
gular form of the anterior side, and the greater width.

I have many specimens of this, both from Charlton
and Plumstead; it has also been found at New-cross,
near Deptford. All the specimens agree precisely with
Parkinson’s figure, above quoted.

CYCLAS obovata.
TAB. E€LXII.—Fie. 4, 5, and 6.

Sprc Cuar. Obovate, gibbous, anterior side ob-
tuse ; beaks large ; central hinge teeth three ;
lateral ones two.

Tue equality of the length and breadth distinguish this
shell: the lines of growth are rather strong, but irre-
gular ; it rarely exceeds three quarters of an inchin length.
The Clay of Barton Cliff is plentifully supplied with
this Cyclas: I have received it from thence by favour of
the Rev. W. Bingley, Iremonger, &c. and I have found
a variety, exhibited in the larger figure, at New-cross.

141

AURICULA. Lam.

Gen. Cuar. An univalve ovate or oblong pyra-
midal shell with an elevated spire ; aperture
oblong, entire, contracted above with united
lips ; columella plaited, independently of the
decurrent attachment* of the outer lip.

Iw general, shells that have plaited columella have
also beaked, or at least notched, apertures. The
Genus Auricula has been established to receive such
as form an exception to this rule, and are not tur-
reted, having entire mouths and plaits on their colu-
melle; Bruguiere had separated them from the
Volute of Linn. together with others that had no
plaits, and formed the Genus Bulimus from which
Lamarck has judiciously separated them. The spire
seldom equals in length the last volution ; Lamarck
observes, that the species are mostly inhabitants of
rivers; they are often decorated with various

colours, are polished and transversely striated.

* Inthe Genus Lymnea a plait is formed on the columella by this
part of the outer lip.

vot. 11.72. 19/7. 1? XKIX.

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143
AURICULA incrassata.
TAB. CLXIII.—Fig. 1, 2, and 3.

Spec. Cuar. Ovate, ventricose, transversely sul-
cated, longitudinally striated ; spire short;
mouth angular above, with very thick lips ;
columella three plaited.

Syn. A.ringens. Parkinson iii. 84. p. 5. f.4. but

not of Lamarck.

‘W uey full grown this is about half an inch long, and
two-thirds as wide; the outer lip is then much thickened
for a considerable way back upon the last whorl, and this
thickened part is marked by numerous lines of growth in
place of the regular sulci; while the shell is young the
lip is only slightly reflected at the edge. The longitu-
dinal striz only appear within the furrows, where they
are elevated and sharp, dividing them into minute oblong
rectangular cells, see fig. 3.

Miss EK. Hill having presented me with both young and
old shells of this species from Blackdown, and Mr. De
France having also forwarded to mea valuable collection
of shells from the neighbourhood of Paris, containing
Lamarck’s A. ringens, I am enabled to point out the in-
correctness of Parkinson’s reference; independently of
the general form and difference of size ; the want of striz
within the outer lip, and the presence of longitudinai
striz upon the surface distinguish the British shell.

AURICULA turgida.
TAB. CLXITI.—Fig. 4.

Spec. Car. Ovate-acute, turgid, transversely
striated, shining; spire short, acute ; aper-
ture oblong, with thickened lips; columella
two plaited; outer lip smooth within, thickest
in the middle.

A minute glossy shell, rather more than a line long,

varying in the thickness of its lips with its age. The
spire is not quite so long as the mouth, which is con-

144

tracted in the middle by the thickened lip and the plaits
upon the columella : the strie are at a small distance from
each other, and hollow without interruption.

So great is the resemblance of this to Lamarck’s A.
ringens that had he not mentioned the strie within the
lip, I might have overlooked the distinguishing character,
although the French shell is double the size—a minute
comparison also shews that A. ringens has rather a
longer and more acute spire. A. turgida is the produce
of the blue Clay of Highgate in which it sometimes ad-~
heres to the masses of indurated marl, &c.

AURICULA simulata.
TAB. CLXIII.—Figs. 5 tos.

Spec. Cuar. Oval, pointed, with close transversé
laterally toothed costa ; whorls slightly ventri-
cose ; mouth angular above ; outer lip sharp,
striated within; two broad plaits upon the
columella.

Syn. Bulla simulata. Brander 61.

Neaarty three-fourths of an inch long. There is a si-
nus in the lower part of the outer lip before it reaches the
columella: the two plaits upon the columella are very
prominent and laterally compressed ; they are more or
less oblique in different individuals. The coste are
small, flattish, and almost close to each other : the teeth
upon the sides are minute, those in one rib being placed
opposite those in the next form a series of elongated ovate
hollows, as is represented at fig. 5.

Several of my friends have presented me with this from
Barton Cliff. I possess also various specimens from
Highgate ; in one of these the outer lip is thickened and
erenulated within, but as the shell had been broken just
at the part, and has grown again, that may have arisen
from the accident. Brander certainly meant the same
shell, but his figure is too long: the name he has given it

implies its resemblance in form to some species of Buc-
cinum,.

145

AMMONITES fimbriatus.
TAB. CLXIYV.

Srec. Cuar. Discoid; volutions cylindrical, inter-
nal ones exposed; lines of growth undulated,

and in some parts fimbriated ; mouth orbicular.

Ty should appear from what remains in the specimen
figured, that the mouth in a full grown shell, is fur-
nished with an undulated reflected lip or ruffle, and the ©
more or less perfect formation of this at various periods,
produces either undulating lines of growth, some of
which are obtuse and others acute, or thin annular fim-
briz, surrounding the volutions at certain intervals: the
obtuse lines of growth are indented at their backs, but
straight towards the mouth, and indicate that the undu-
lation of the lip is strongest at the back of it. The
whorls do not appear to have been very numerous ; the
shellis thin, and the margins of the septa have rounded
lobes.

I could not refrain from publishing this curious Am-
monite, although the fragment, for the loan of which I am
indebted to the Rev. W. Buckland, is apparently so im-
perfect ; however, it exhibits every essential character:

itis from the Blue Lyas, at Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire.

ise ‘o a eapengaa sage
ek et ng kg
: F Tee oo Sr Acree
Boh, a tg oft ay gif, Baby on
«alvin, aiaclon tm ait To aadtnemac she e
Los: Fao esi ol esailt eujtotubed ie: e90 |
~ : i 9 a abisiceen il, 1% esta bra bisa saigifo atl dbaker | ae
ia Mand sane A adolyslo'e at quibiiap aie
Me ee ~ Ineb-eedaent wad: a: boteesbaie, oan dy. axm, besa a
Sot aN eh vn BE iat adgti
ty, a “Hh Ne tows sdk ‘Sm seyndiia sei ot te svi
a ail “neo sini ears se oii af seh ont 2 of ad
bala sal atqae adh te guest itt baat sd ai Shed)

“

: red Ws We, ist sizhoiteh Wah ico AONE eek tile ps
: A sg + nea Mog ee eet gan eho oh! “aon tae aeSiniy we}
eee) a whobaieg wh aa wi oe blu
fa Bak aye neat ads tah F
Sant es ele ‘ab © 3 ie * , die
vitfaet XL vied aie tothe eal |
ket, Talon ya a4 td BE, SOM OM
ai ontlatdenet eran si ja nie a es
is ty o y a \ 4 My . ~~

147

AMMONITES vertebralis.
TARE: CLEV:

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, radiated, and carinated ;
inner volutions partly concealed ; radii promi-
nent, numerous, tuberculated in the middle, then
furcate, with a tubercle upon each branch ;
carina serrato-tuberculate ; aperture orbicular.

aoe

A very handsome shell whose radii are a little undu-
lated, and together with the tubercles upon them, are
sharpish and compressed ; they are very regularly fur-
cate, and each branch has a tubercle about its middle,
then passes on in an elegant curve to the carina, where
it forms another somewhat reflected tubercle—the two
branches again unite on the other side. The thickness
is about equal to one-third of the diameter.

The Rev. W. Buckland has enabled me to exhibit this
with his usual fondness for science ; he informs me that
it is found at Dry Sandford and Marcham, two adjoining
villages on the N. W. of Abingdon, Berkshire, where
it lies in silicious sandy beds, that contain subordinate
Strata of a gritty Limestone, composed of small Quartz
pebbles, sand, and shelly fragments, united by a calca-
reous cement.

I have not seen the outside of the shell, but from the
space between the whorls in the cast, I suppose it must
have been thick. It is named vertebralis from the re-
semblance of the carina to the vertebral processes in some
quadrupeds.

| «ie lanl dees vibe @ iekh hdted isa

oy Senate tlthealeoks: Mig tid K Yo FF oilt ae. . galtt
arsaliviodin miata talk absd inne enolsifie ai 4
. — ny te spe ws <scotehiail baat # te

fait i amociirt Lda sift ak wbiodteadly
: et Ye! bas ema vito baa oak ‘oat ta:

ibe lb 2 ia, ih smn
* oie anette taloioday, olf dite hkomot
fee alah

uae ianttes Sts piiintys iclabet

aan “Nata oi tar oe inode «i
0 ali state oF come BvSlehaies ent haobdonG » W oa ery Ma

‘\ Inalls ond adesuetend ait: Ceo cab nn ah
gaan ek bed hk Was cea feeds PY

ot A srt dad et sas ern He pes | 4 ae a

~og ‘aah ean

Ne ‘bomen ee: tad aah i Fy

149

AMMONITES plicatilis.

TAB. CLXVI.

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, radiated; sides flat; front
round, plain in the centre ; volutions exposed ;
radii numerous, equal, straight, furcate ;
aperture squarish, with rounded angles.

Tue radii on this Ammonite, from their straightness,
closeness, and regularity, have much the appearance of
artificial plaiting or crimping; they do not branch until
they begin to turn over the front, in the centre of which
they are nearly obliterated; they are sometimes simple
and less frequently trifid. The septa are acutely si-
nuated. The thickness is about one-fourth the diameter:
the aperture is somewhat longer than wide.

A sandy Stratum, containing beds of sandy Limestone,
at Dry Sandford and Marcham, N. W. of Abingdon, pro-
duces this shell ; I am indebted for the use of the speci-
men figured, to the Rev. William Buckland. Several
other Ammonites occur in the same Stratum, among
them is A. concavus of tab. 105*: most of them have
lost the shell; the present is only a cast of the inside, it
has a few crystals of Carbonate of Lime about it.

* The inside casts of this are so well preserved, with regard to the Sinu-
osities, that ] was almost induced to add a fresh figure of it from some

elegant specimens lent me by the Rev. W. Buckland.

ae eae pea ies cui eBaiqanios 10 gnisinig (niod
aiden To. otiten oft ab-dooit od? wave wit: oF digad yndt,
PE ur eseeunpenphinkostipeegencsc yy i)
Gi / de Yahiom ota, ongge od T fit yliaorpait ast den
es ay pret em aemtine neta ea We leodieeres
ee aobeiee: rial, sorgaral taebre seine ourtyien get
es pre Nees a bind gainintivos axutente inten he.
Bin ie “01g wobgaid sh. to WO GisdoiiM bar Broth wae “
A Yo aur deli hofdahad ove TE ; Made ait aoouh —
Kaela: Secetatoih. cislliW, vo adh ot hompe pai He
Ute |g gkeveaie attain sani ‘adh, th HPO. watinoanan A wadio ae
_ovad modt Io dana : SOOT ait to, marrage. A, a sides
Oar eee ‘ dhieni sult Yo teas a lite aly ; .
Rea ays eo: “1 Sued ai 16 stn

A
uggs CSEENEy leas eo abl em na
ge te ee " ont i eaten
Pie 7 Ne 4 ‘ 4 ;
cite
a ih Bey indy? oe ake
‘: is. ale en ms i, 1
\ gs ae 0 Eee

AMMONITES obtusus.
‘TAB. CLXVIL.

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, radiated; inner whorls ex-
posed ; front with two slight furrows and an
obtuse keel; radii large, curved, sharpest in

the middle ; aperture oblong.
ei

Tue large undulations or radii are equal in number to
the septa, each crossing the inner lobes of one septum ;
they are very prominent in the middle, but are lost after
winding towards the front: the keel is rounded, not much
elevated, and the hollows on the sides of it are very
trifling. There are about four whorls; the aperture is
longer than wide, equalling one-third the diameter of the
shell. Ihave some suspicion that the external surface of
the shell is concentrically striated, but the specimens I
have seen have only a small portion of it remaining.

I am indebted to the kindness of Miss Philpot, of Lin-
ley, for the use of the larger specimen, which, from the
high polish and rich colour of the crystallized Carbonate
of Iron that has lined its chambers, is truly beautiful.

The one I have taken my section from was sent me by my

friend Strangeways, Esq. They are both from

Lyme, in Dorsetshire.

“ob wodeaun al tod ote a tia 10: enwialoce osrel an] Te ee
; uaa, 2it0 to eadol wun att) ghigaors doa er = " an
tote teak one Bud olboig at ai Nvpittriy vue eal ee
arent jor. Salrsigo: wk Dat odd: | 4 ibn |
VRE: ditts HE Do, ashia ad uo awolfod ot ute oe
a ad ayustanga ofS § gebvodw xy. nuile. one anolD gait
its i * ils Yo ‘vatocaih ont bridt-one wrillanpe shin naith vagaet
ei. leaondture iamntzs dy Yael aot rieyeare any ‘ava FE Hoda .

Meu & anomnioe ott dud botareie Ullsoistasanios 6i ede ad

x hs 18 eae geist $b Yo, Holhiog Haviee-i vlao ova oan Sad ie -

1 hi Yo touiltt eal to, ceaahaid ads of boylebni ma ha
of ncort dboidve _haininega gual ad), Yo outs ody wit ao!

oS stmetbdlag bosilfittoyss alt ter visalon dois bue Haifog dai.

idtisanad ina a at wrodmnds ry, heuill ‘and: ‘indi. vom fa. | =

a) ead vd out ‘oi wai. oct aatiane Yaw tated avant E 240 Mk ae 7 ,

is aiont hod an yet it atawagannne mae “a Mery ed”
rm _ a a7 ie
ie , " Dee i he Wh é eee F : deta a oa |
PA) «ee 3 ; Le he Se Sy
j a
J ~ ‘? t A
fie 7 is fi
vt ‘ )
‘ ‘ er a aa ‘
ian : ir at a 1 a. x ,
> My n » , 4 T -
ut ov i e Wi < ~ a r 7) ;
, ais , cj a A Ny , 4
" Py - Aras
batty . «OR etic inhale
Vika Hee We, Coe Pan Le ey | tea 4 as
ts oa ae ve oo» ie ee ae q eae ik woe, y

153

HAMITES armatus.
TAB. CLXVIII.

Srec. Cuar. Flatted; undulations simple, every
second or third armed with a large thick spine

on each side near the front.

Besives the two spines upon every third undulation,
there are two obscure tubercles near the back upon the
same ring, the intermediate undulations are less risen,
and are almost lost upon the back; the section is ellip-
tical.

This large and remarkable Hamite was found in Chalk
Marl at Roak village, near Benson, Oxfordshire, and
sent me for publication by the Rev. William Buckland.
It is extraordinary, more from the spines or thorns it is
beset with than from its size, although this much exceeds
that usually attained by species of the same Genus in
England. The spines are three-eighths of an inch long,
being one-third the length of the section at the largest
end of the shell. The specimen is a cast stained with
iron, it has not preserved any indications of the septa.

The specimens next in size at present known, are
found in the Chalk marl of Sussex, but still more muti-
lated: we hope to give good specimens ere long. It would

be an acquisition to find one perfect at the ends—such not
having been seen.

a naeps dred et vom gots wodul : orrgedo ows, ote ood

‘
n

oil edt sneedl' winiv) Gocgaltie’ sR 30) FOAM

: cgrtol doi aslo edtd gis-adial ave sonije sd'E bnekgelt.”

ae a ik of
. ! PPA i

oatintidbee Silt ists: ‘macger i iadeke aus ‘ail saa by '

agin’ aeol i awoitulo itis atribseraini odd ait. ate os
—_ ak anibnye, ons : Aad 8 waite Soot snacete oth on
; - Init

Mad ai Bain aw atinialt atdadreinat hil signet ait’?

| bentdaot msi volt oda ed agiteoiidvg rot aut dade, :
“et H aerad? 10) anaign oof trait oveeep. ysaibueniye- eo

\ sacks nidt dyvadile oxiaesi covt and) drtw loud ey, oy
ai auqek) onto. ods lo: eaitaga yd hauistia: qilanaw pide yi Pi

_eowial silt Sa woltdon 36k to digaol add fyidt-sno gaied
Aieelvetinie tedo # ai doprivega oT Made, oft Yo bao.’
cage eal to aoitavitiak ws, haviomsig jon ott Mf stor
X% ewond tenseotng iQ ike ae: ixaa andigivog? oft’
-ihwat eront [lita iad, eed to (ess, Aad’ oe ab bade
* higew HE gual so eanadasqp hud Seig of squad ort: olay -
fou dati ebas adi 16 weet sta nail sahrielispos, on
ige ayod ome

acs NG ay)

%
Pa
»

155

LYMNAA.

Gen. Cuar. An oblong subturreted univalve ; the
aperture entire, longer than wide ; lower part
of the right lip entering the aperture, and
forming a very oblique plait along it.

J ee Helix stagnalis of Linneus, is Lamarck’s type of
this Genus, and upon a comparison of this with the
Helix pomatia, the propriety of their separation is im-
mediately visible. The Lymnea is an elongated pointed
shell; in general it is smooth, tender, and has to boast
of very little variety of colour: the recent species are
known inhabitants of fresh water pools or rivers, and the
few fossil ones hitherto met with belong, exclusively, to
the newest depositions.

The thinness and semi-transparency or horny aspect of
the shells of this; and many other fresh water Genera, is
a great help towards distinguishing the fresh water for-
mations from those of the salt water.

LYMN A fusiformis.
TAB. CLXIX.—Fig. 2 and 3.

Srec. Cuar. Subfusiform, smooth; sides of the
spire nearly straight ; aperture narrow, half
the length of the shell.

EES

T nz narrowness of the mouth of this makes the two ends

almost equally taper; the spire is pointed ; the strie of

erowth are tolerably sharp, between them the surface is
VOL... /{/7% BY XKA

156

smooth and shining, without any transverse striz, such as
are upon Lymnea stagnalis. It differs from Lamarck’s
Lymneus longiscatus, and I believe from all other species
in the flatness of its whorls, or rather the straightness of
the sides of its spire ; it is also shorter than L. longiscatus.

This shell is the produce of one of the fresh water de-
positions on the Isle of Wight; it was collected by the
Rev. Mr. Iremonger, and sent me along with Planorbis
euomphalus, tab. 140.

LYMN AA minima.
TAB. CLXIX.— Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Elongated, smooth ; volutions rather
convex ; aperture less than half the length of
the shell, ovate ; last whorl not ventricose.

A sma shell, only three or four lines long, nearly
related to L. longiscatus but shorter.

It is probable that this may be the young of some other
species ; it occurs with a minute Patella along with the
shell above described.

157

HELIX globosus.
EAB. CLA XK:

Spec. Cuar. Globose, slightly elongated, obscurely
transversely striated; whorls but gradually
increasing in size; outer lip reflected.

From the gradual increase in size of the whoris, the last of
which is not remarkably larger than the preceding, joined
to the slight convexity of their exposed parts, the shell
assumes a globose aspect although it is not strictly sphe-
rical. The young ones are rather depressed, and have
an umbilicus ; the old ones are slightly elongated, and
have the umbilicus concealed by the expansion of the inner
lip. ‘The lines of growth are distinctly marked: the
transverse strie irregular, numerous, hollow, and so su-
perficial, that they are only to be seen in the best pre-
served specimens.

Specimens of this shell were presented to me by John
Holloway, Esq. who found them at Shalcombe, on the
Isle of Wight, where it is of rare occurrence. From its
exact resemblance in generic characters to the Helix
pomatia, it must be considered like it, to be a land snail,
and should seem to have been accidentally imbedded with
the water shells in the calcareous (now stoney accumula-
tion) that has preserved them, and often filled their inte-
riors: the shell has been replaced by crystallized Carbonate
of Lime. I have been favoured with specimens of the
Genus Phasianella in the same state of preservation,
from the same rock. The rock is a compact Limestone,
breaking with a smooth conchoidal fracture, and contains
but a few fragments of shells; it is much harder than
chalk, or even Portland stone, but softer than the Pur-
beck stone or mountain Limestone.

_ noltromatios yatiote wou} ano4t89
2 wovad vids bolt aoito baa mod borisiong #

geht te ntioaniagee aT hivistoral asad ave 1 ern §
, aulsartoentd -10° ateie, 90889. ‘ail i altonnteoitl atti) ON

pK TEOO basi Gorton Lebioan09 flfoone & sbtive :
cads vabinl dowet af SP: jaitede Yo: aatesihiyatt 1

ialbitin fend ps od, nie
driw bobbedgi, pita

: sisnodinD bonittarays9 4d haowsleet steal wait ad sad’

euptaonih Josepsivos 9 ai door od ee Boot sae? ofl

“ak Radics teflo fund a «

159

HELIX ? striatus,
TAB. CLKXI.—fig. 1, .
Spec. Cuar. Conical, depressed, subcarinated,
obliquely striated, a rising band around the
edge, crossed by arched strie ; columella solid,
aperture subtriangular.

Tver isa great resemblance about the base of this
shell to the genus Trochus, given it by the prominent co-
lumella ; in other respects it strongly resembles Helix
carinatus, (see tab. 10.*) from which it differs in not hav-
ingan umbilicus, in the greater distance and sharpness of
its strie, and the strong arched striz upon the band.

From the Limestone of Derbyshire, collected by Mar-
tin ; the place of the shell is occupied by granular Carbo-
nate of Lime, and the inside filled with grey Limestone.
Had not the general form strongly resembled the
Helix above mentioned, I might have been induced
to have placed this as a Trochus, although it does not
precisely accord with the characters of that genus. I
might have formed a new genus of the two, to which the
following species should have been added, did they not
differ materially from each other in the characters that
should distinguish it. Besides the aperture is very im-
perfect in them all. Itis probable that other species may
be found, and that by their help and that of more perfect
specimens, the genera they belong to may be determined,
or the characters of new ones ascertained, and this is the
more desirable as they appear from their localities to be
marine inhabitants, rather than land shells.

* In the description of this the striz are said to be transverse instead
of oblique by mistake, and the striz upon the lower part have escaped
notice,

160

HELIX? Cirriformis.
TAB. CLXXI.— Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, acute, umbilicate, decus-
sato-striated ; with a band around the middle
of the whorl crossed with arched strie ; aper-
ture nearly round.

A smaux space upon the upper part of each whorl is
flattened, the remainder is very round, bearing upon the
middle of it a broad band, strongly marked with lunate
strie ; the decussating strie upon the other parts are
small, and most distinct above the band. ‘The rounded
volutions which touch each other only in a small part of
their surface, the aperture being nearly round, and rather
wider than long, together with the conical form of the
spire, give this a great resemblance to Cirrus acutus, tab.
141; but the umbilicus does not appear large enough to
authorize our placing it under the same Genus ; I there-
fore leave it for the present along with a shell to which
it has as great an affinity.

I received this along with the last from Mr. Martin ;
itis from the same Limestone ; there is within it part of
an Encrinus.

161

AMMONITES Henleyi.
TAB. CLXXITI.

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, gibbose, with many small
radii; inner volutions exposed ; radii flatted,
with two compressed tubercles upon each ;
aperture large, nearly round.

Berween the two concentric rows of tubercles the shell
is slightly flatted, otherwise the form of the mouth would
be round, with a small sinus produced by the preceding
whorl. The whorls are few, and increase rapidly in
thickness as they proceed towards the mouth. The nu-
merous radiating ridges are compressed, so as to be as
wide as thespaces between them, and at the insertion of the
outer tubercle are commonly split into two, that unite
_ on the opposite side: a few of the radii proceed from the
centre over the front without tubercles.

Lyme Regis, in Dorsetshire, is a place that has pro-
duced many fine petrifactions peculiar to the blue Lyas ;
the present is among the number that have fallen into the
deserving hands of the Rev. Mr. Buckland. It was found
upon an estate belonging to H. H. Henley, Esq. of Sand-
ringham, near Lynn; in kind remembrance of whom it
has been named by Mr. Buckland. Its external surface,
concamerations, and siphuncle, have not been preserved ;

the specimen is only a cast in Lyas, with some crystallized
Tron Pyrites in two or three parts.

a
| hh
th ‘Sin

’

Sead J aaleeeeoek 000 mr hy

yt
v oA A oie Cag, ait

Be sie 1 Yi hema a ite

i oe ie pe
Le ign Saito Oe ee
| rr sicirtine tenonad werangead? wa inivgiies’
odin fat, dwi oth dike chacanay, i, qeynedus. 2 2M lel

owls ‘abso ih a 1 1 tas opiaotiangyy sdm aol)” ke

7, Heat we ashi gf-s0 xv nue od an
ah ong agil “pt cotig’s i “atidalowd it eile satyd:
‘ 5 earl out aod ialladeg divols a atiniacy’ snl atest peowh +
8 dety Ode maltatl ave Hedi Neddialt od geo: 9 salar ie
Sy wee 14 lea hen ca Sy aah ay Sedan
-nabelanpial yolask. A oh gnigeaisd whetne fe wogy
ti inoue Yo soumdarsragy ‘hav boar : rvs 3 isa nui gain
one lneesta ak, bjpattoe® aM eo Bennie aad &
: bavrsanieg: “Ipod Jom pred! sei uitgte fine atolt #TeAMU EO
eS, boaillateesa autos ain sph al sip, 2 Yloeel ugsainade ds,

4 —o . athineg oon 0. owt ci
bs .
a = * .
i
~ oe ¥ za i
A ae a |
pe f *
= : '
LP nk 7 \.
ae wc %

163

AMMONITES rostratus.
TAB. CLXXIIL.

~Seec. Cuar. Depressed, carinated, tuberculated;
tubercles three or four upon each radius,
largest towards the front; volutions exposed ;
aperture elliptical, with a compressed reflected
beak.

—

Tue aperture, exclusive of the beak, is somewhat less
than a third of the diameter of the shell long ; the beak
is a little reflected and flattened, the edges of it so pressed
together, as nearly to close it: the tubercles are more
divided upon the inner whorls than upon the outer ones,
where they begin to run into one another, and form
ridges that are curved forwards, towards a prominent in-
sulated keel : volutions about four.

So remarkable is the beaked mouth of this Ammonite,
that I have named it from that character. The figure is
taken from a specimen lent me with a valuable collection
of the same Genus by the Rev. Mr. Buckland; it was
found in Chalk Marl at Roak Village, near Benson, Ox-
fordshire. ‘The terminal chamber or that in which the
animal is supposed to have resided, being preserved
entire, renders the specimen particularly valuable, as it
is commonly broken off.

tL. FL XKK

F ot saad ssa ane’ * ss |
Haad odd "whol ode ait) ‘Yo xtacunib act | ees
hes 0a lo.eagho old, casita lis st fis
pom 91a. egiondud ‘ont 24%, seals. ob lowes am ieiltag
{eno oto a nog wnt soot vaani 8% weg Bobiv aes
ant bis bas rwibdons ano’ atai dit ot aigad (edd gagda Pee

(aaa ‘elnerwes webaswrot bara ots inal} enghie ; ‘eat
uaiiaahs®* UbSe ok -saiot suode anoitator : food baseline: ‘ome

“noktgstlos aldeulay a diiw one toal sdmioaqe # mort aoded

x0 soe wee opalli¥ sooSk ba | ‘esl ai bavat

* dbicioanned eid te ddutsest bodeed oat ai aldnasonts OB) any
eh stigdl oT ‘astoeiads deals ior it heat avedl T tet. ,

daw di ; hasikont Ne “WORT: asl wd auaaid onnee adt io ©

“et dois wi wine 10 wine iaeresan viel Eizomm r

dé ‘ts oldlanisy sible ie a vale ad é wy ane Ou

Bo onal

oe ;
- * * - eat
bets Selian
; on
hy ee
‘ ues ‘
} i
os
y at
‘
; cat ' wg
: N ‘
5 IAs .
M a
‘ i
A _
Me
’
| ts y
* ‘ ps)
f . g are, wy
oft “— oper

165

CHAMA | digitata.
TAB. CLXXIV.

Spec. Cuar. Palmate, slightly recurved, gibbose,
with five or six marginal elongated canalicu-~
lated processes ; surface smooth.

Tins is an oblique elongated curved shell, with several
ridges upon the deeper valve, that are drawn out at the
margin into finger-like processes, which are concave be-
neath, and some of them slightly expanded towards
their ends. ‘The attached valve is unknown.

We are to thank the zeal of our friend, the Rey. Mr.
Buckiand, for communicating this curious species : casts
of it very neatly formed, are contained in masses of po-
rous flinty Chert; the space formerly occupied is some-
times partially filled with brown Oxide of Iron or
Calcedony. The casts of the inside are often hollow, and
lined with quartz crystals.

The texture of the stone, and partial union of the two
sides of the casts to each other, have rendered it impos-
sible to expose the whole outline of the shell. I have
given figures of four specimens that illustrate each other ;
the two upper ones exhibit the claws (if I may so call the
marginal processes) ; one of them (fig 1.) is a cast of the
external surface: the other (fig. 2.) (which has been acci-
dentally reversed by the engraver) shews a greater
elongation of the processes, and a hollow with quartz
crystals; the lower figures are from two varieties, a
broad shallow one and a narrow very deep one ;* the
claws of these have been completely entangled in the

* Such varieties often occur in shells of this Genus, as well as among
oysters.

166

stone, but they display enough of the hinge to prove that
it has one elongated irregular tooth: one of them (fig.
3.) shews the concentric lines of a single muscular im-
pression very neatly ; but I am unable to trace indications
of two upon either of them to make their generic cha-
racter complete. Three of the specimens have conside-
rable portions of stone attached to them; as they would
render the shells less conspicuous I have omitted them
in the figures, which, even now, are not so perfect as
might have been desired ; but experience teaches us that
we must depend much upon such specimens for our know-
ledge in geology, and rest satisfied when they are perfect
enough for us to trace the identity of species.

Long Comb Girts, in the parish of Sudbury, near
Sidmouth, where these specimens were found, is the only
spot, I am informed of, that produces this species.

The attached valves have not been met with; they
have probably been left adhering to the rocks from which
the others were washed, previously to their being depo-
sitedin the situation we now find them preserved in.

167

PHASIANELLA. Lamarck, Phasianus,
Montfort.

Gren. Cuan. An oblong subturreted pointed uni-
valve ; aperture entire, longer than wide ; left
lip sharp; right lip reflect d over the last
whorl ; a longitudinal ridge upon the columella.

——

A. Genus instituted by Lamarck ; it is distinguished
from his Lymneza by the thick edge of the right lip not
entering the mouth, but reposing upon the body of the
shell. In general, also, the whorls are more equal than
in that Genus, and the shell is thicker, opaque, and va-
riegated.

The recent species inhabit the shores of islands in the
neighbourhood of New Holland.

PHASIANELLA orbicularis.
TAB. CLXXV.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, acute, smooth; whorls
about six, ventricose ; aperture nearly round.

Tins is nearly related to the Genus Vivipara, but the
spire is too much elevated and too acute; it is marked
with lines of growth, and the smaller whorls have a few
obscure transverse lines upon them. There is apparently
an open umbilicus ; but if the shell were full grown or
perfect, it would probably be covered, as it is, but narrow.

I have referred to this species of Phasianella in the de-
scription of Helix globosus, tab. 170, along with which

VOL. Il.

168

it occurs in Limestone, at Shalcomb, on the Isle of
Wight. I am also indebted to the liberality of the same
friend to science John Holloway, Esq. for the specimens.

PHASIANELLA angulosa.
TAB. CLXXV.— Fig. 2.

Spec. Coar. Conical, smooth; whorls subcari-
nated ; aperture nearly round.

—

"Tins differs from the last only in the angular form of the
lower part of each whorl, which makes the sides of the
spire straighter.

From Shaleomb, along with the last.

PHASIANELLA minuta.
TAB. CLXXV.—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Elongated, smooth ; volutions five
or six, obscurely squared ; aperture oblong.

Sines two lines long; the flatness of the upper parts
of the whorls, which separates them from each other, is
not easily overlooked.

From the Isle of Wight. The figure on the left is a
magnified representation.

169

AMMONITES varians.
TAB. CLXXVI.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, thickish, carinated, with
a row of large tubercles near the front, and
one or two rows of tubercles placed upon fur-
cate radiating undulations; inner whorls half
concealed ; aperture roundish.

eee

No Ammonite is more variable than this in the strength
of the undulation, and proportion of the tubercles ; still,
however, it may be known by the large turbercles near
the front (these are sometinies flatted obliquely) and two
lesser ones upon each radius near the commencement of
it, the inner of which is generally smallest, and at times
even obscure, or united to the other. The whorls are
seldom more than three: the keel is much relieved, and
entire. The length and breadth of the aperture are about
equal to each other, and one-third the diameter of the
shell.

So frequently are the casts of this handsome shell dis-
torted, as if by the compression of the chalk, while in a
soft state, of which they are composed, that specimens
have often been exhibited in proof of the existence of el-
liptical Ammonites ; but a series may easily be obtained,
some individuals of which are circular; others com-
pressed obliquely, and in such various directions, as to
evince the effect of accident. The lower or hard chalk
is well characterized by this fossil, as it contains it in

170

abundance. Some of the specimens figured are from
Wiltshire, others from Sussex. I am _ indebted to
many friends for varieties from the former county:
G. A. Mantell, Esq. has kindly communicated a good
suite from Hamsey, Plumpton, and other parts of the
south of Sussex.

AMMONITES inflatus.
TAB. CLXXVIIL.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, radiated, carinated ;
sides and front flattish ; inner whorls exposed ;
the latter whorl inflated near the aperture ;
radii commencing with a tubercle, then fur-
cated; keel distinct, entire ; aperture square.

'W nerurer this is a distorted cast may remain a question,
as it does not appear to be fractured in any part; its ellip-
tical form leads to suspicion. The sudden increase of the
last volution near the end, and subsequent contraction,
is a curious circumstance, if it be constant, and it can
hardly be the effect of pressure in any direction. The
undulations or rather radii are large, commencing with
a compressed tubercle, then furcate, one of the branches
being sometimes divided from the other, ending in elon-
gated compressed knobs upon the front.

A castin the green sand of the under cliffin the Isle-of
Wight, lent me by the Rev. William Buckland; the
lower figure is a fore-shortened view of the same
specimen.

a a Y a

a ] SIG & XX /
ib dP, tC} [FIV AA,
1éé/ é ¥ £4

AMMONITES rusticus.

TAB. CLXXVII.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed; whorls few, gibbose,
exposed ; with 6 or 8 conical tubercles upon
the sides of each, and two rows of obtuse tu-
bercles around the front ; aperture wider than

long.

W norts about three: the bases of the larger tubercles
almost touch each other, and they expand nearly across
the whorl; the front of the whorl is very broad and
flattish ; the tubercles upon it are numerous, and but
little elevated. Aperture quadrangular: the inner side
concave, and much shorter than the others.

A heavy clumsy shell, well characterized by its few
large knobs, and broad front: it is a rare production of
the lower chalk, at Comb Pyne, near Lyme, in Dorset-

shire, and was lent me by the Rey. William Buckland.

nh 8 ah | re
ae:

RN, i Ln whe +) ie Ne , ets

ies 7 | ao ig “a a)
ee, ‘ ‘ pets >
Pat w, wh ;
Bt i “tag, sobradiat fasicips a ne ie, ; banangh °;

Afi er ; ‘ wh oanida, Ww, aton oie ‘Hoh 3 ,
i i 0 aa Hobive ‘wablogi'* 24a ‘ait tietworts asta aah

ae ‘S : te ot pial i ‘ Cnet nie ie Hoge mi shih, il fcuk we ub anne a he i ‘ R a , f
Ne BLA, AE Smee ANEW RE a
wre | | 0 J i ty it eat "he ny Ma ot Hate) ab wre | vege te ‘ity iz. Me

‘t C . } “! | ‘% I ‘ ae | i tie 1 ag ot ts Ky hash, mI We Ms bh i ry \ : 7 he ri a ve sal ¥ ae }
: ; ; nen 7 mu ‘be ene i Ly a Oe il: i + 4 ‘ nue . .
0 CR i raceeriectipr jh i i Hk iy i:
on | i iy lita write outage tod sien wy a
a vl i, ‘i nt xs We Per ay th f\ hie ; iM hy woe yi ‘i ah ly _ : A
Waa ike ant hacyes. igual Sh dpa du

Raa ee as bred gets a raat od ey fd mk oh. «hid
ii) " : ne “hd ali wires ta i “tiga ibe wait ai ii re a

a Waal eelet Ra ably Me ;
» ohios vised ah nalqas shen nro) bot al >

i ; he eee ie nis en ii waa su ho ove
| | i il : 2 qo, Ceaa nha
for aotadiivg ab tahoe ad dn a a a
, * pero ob tt ek 1190 ame’h dai, te allada spwst lt 6
ie Meath eit vrai aitt er da eine bata oti a

173

ASTARTE plana.
TAB. CLXXIX.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Nearly orbicular, depressed; sur-
face plain; lunette elongated, acute, deep ;
margin entire.

Very analagous in general form to A.Scotica ; and when

the softer parts between the lamina have been corroded, the
surface presents numerous concentric ridges ; otherwise,
itis only marked with fine lines of growth. The shell is
thick, equilateral, with a pointed beak, and entire mar-
gin; its length does not always bear the same proportion
to the width, sometimes being equal to it, but oftener less.

Occurs in a sandy alluvial stratum, at Bramerton, near
Norwich, where I collected specimens in August, 1817.

‘ASTARTE obliquata.
TAB. CLXXIX.—Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuan, Obovate, transverse depressed ; with
many eblique concentric striz upon the sur-
face ; margin crenulated.

- "Tae numerous regular impressed strie which cross the

few lines, or rather waves of growth at a very acute

angle, give rise to the name of this elegant shell; its
width is greater than its length ; it is somewhat depressed

and slenderer than most of the Genus : the spaces between
the strie are rounded and smooth.

My active correspondent, Mrs. Cobbold, discovered
this shell in the Crag pits at Holywells, near Ipswich,
and indulged me with specimens in 1812: they are in a
good state of preservation.

174

ASTARTE lineata.
TAB. CLXXIX.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Obovate, transvere, depressed,
slightly truncated ; with a few concentric acute
ridges, and many minute intervening strie
upon the surface ; lunette lanceolate, small ;
margin entire.

Auwnosrt lenticular; the anterior side is smallest and
truncated : the slope upon which the cartilage lies is long
and straight ; the shell is thin, about an inch wide, and
has nearly thirty prominent sharp lines or ridges.

It is with some hesitation that I give this as an Astarte,
not having seen the hinge teeth it is probable that it will
prove to bea Lucina. The only specimen known is filled
with granular iron pyrites, and so liable to decompose,
that I would not risk losing the opportunity of figuring it
granted me by the Rey. Mr. Buckland : it was found in
the selenite bed, in the Heddington Clay, near Oxford.

TELLINA obtusa.

TAB. CLXXIX.—Fig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely ovate, convex, con-
centrically striated ; margin obtuse ; sides very

unequal.

Tur wave upon the anterior side that distinguishes the

Genus Tellina, is very slight in this. The surface is most
rapidly curved near the edge, which being obtusely oval,
the whole has a blunt clumsy appearance; the striz are
concave, wide, and numerous. The anterior side is much
the smallest. Young shells are flatter and less rounded
towards the margin.

My friend, the Rev. P. Lathbury, first sent me this
species of Tellina, from the Crag near Woodinidao;

about twenty years ago: I have since received it from

Roydon, by favour of the Rev. G. R. Leathes, and have

found it at Bramerton in abundance.

eth aces huis teri ecruittod FT -voSh oils bastd it bat
‘ eubirdbooW seam git od ‘cot <Attlle® Yo asinsqe
“uot ti bovinvor souie grad oye wweay yaowd ivode
“ored bun othe 5D crash aisto wort rob eo

| "on ose 2a a

2 rs 4
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. 5 j : r ¢ he 4
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- : , ra ; phd : bd “9 ie
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bah : ‘TKaIT = a
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Vee ee!)

Cee. 3

177
NUCULA. Lamarck.

Gen. Cuar. An equivalved inequilateral bivalve ;
hinge with two interlocking rows of small teeth
in each valve, diverging from a space within
the beaks ; beaks conniving, turned back.

Toisnevs’s Arca nucleus is the type of this Genus, which
is well distinguished from other Arce by the disposition
of the small interlocking teeth; several of the species have
a concave space or tooth between the two rows of teeth,
but as itis not constant to all the species naturally allied
to the Genus Lamarck has omitted it in the generic cha-
racter given in his Mémoire sur les fossiles des environs

de Paris.

NUCULA Cobboldiz.
TAB. CLXXX.—Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. 'Transverely obovate, convex; sur-
face marked with zigzag furrows, diverging
over the sides; edge entire.

4 posterior side is very short ; the space between the
rows of teeth is elongated, and very concave ; the inner
surface is decorated with a coat of pearl; the outer sur-
face is ornamented with numerous slight furrows, which
are zigzag over the middle, and thence diverge on each
side towards the front: it varies in gibbosity.

I have met with three varieties of this ; the first a small
gibbose one, was sent me from Holywells, by Mrs. Cob-
bold ; a second, almost orbicular, was lent me by the

178

Rev. G. R. Leathes, who obtained it at Roydon; the
third, and most regular one, I picked up at Bramerton,
itis the one figured, and is very tender.

Being desirous of commemorating Mrs. Cobbold, whose
copious collection obtained with great industry, incompany
with several of the junior branches of her family, whom she
delighted to inspire with a love for the works of Nature,
from the Crag pits of her own estate, evinces a degree of
taste and zeal seldom met with ; I have named this rare;
and withal elegant shell after her.

————

NUCULA Ianceolata.
TAB. CLXXX.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely ovato-lanceolate, smooth ;
posterior side pointed, edge entire ; a concave
deltoid space in the hinge.

—

Sines nearly equal, the anterior being rather the largest
is most rounded ; the shell is strong, and of almost equal
thickness throughout, the beaks projecting but slightly -
length half the width.

This curious Nucula was discovered by the Rev. G. R.
Leathes, at Bawdsey, Suffolk, in Crag ; the line of the
hinge is broken, but not much bent ; nevertheless it has
the genuine characters of Nucula. It appears to be very
rare.

179
TROCHUS levigatus.
TABOR WRE re to

Spec. Cuar, Conical, nearly smooth ; sides straight;
base convex, with an obtuse margin; aperture
rhomboidal, with rounded angles.

H erent and width nearly equal; the sides of the cone
are almost straight, each whorl being very slightly con-
vex: a few concave lines may be traced around the spire,
they are obscure and irregular; the lines of growth are
very fine, and thus the surface appears smooth. The
base of the columella is oblique, which gives the mouth
a rhomboidal form, there is no umbilicus.

his interesting Trochus nearly resembles T. ziziphi-
nus, but is readily distinguished by its obtuse margin
and plain surface. ‘The specimen figured was presented
me by Mrs. Cobbold, who found it in the Craig pits at
Holywells : the external coat has peeled off in some parts,
anil exposes the pearly interior, whose pristine beauty
may still be traced through the veil that time has cast
over it in its subterranean cemetery.

TAB. CLXXXL.---Fig. 2.

Spec, Cuan. Conical; sides straight, ornamented
with many transverse ridges, two or three of
which upon each whorl are granulated ; base
flattish, concentrically striated ; aperture qua-
drangular ; columella direct.

‘ ; d :
[ue older shells of this species are rather wider than
high; the superior whorls overhang the inferior ones a

x he AAeny)
ror7 £S 4 Bie

180

little, else the sides of the cone would be very straight :
the ridges vary in size ; the largest are towards the lower
part of each whorl, with minute intervening ones ; the
granulated ridges have small plain ones between them.

Specimens from the Holywells estate, from two to six
lines high: it does not appear to be rare. It bears a
general resemblance to several species.

TROCHUS concavus.

TAB, OLXOCX Loa hiaaa:

Srec. Cuar. Conical ; sides of the whorls concave ;
base flattish ; margin carinated; aperture

acutely rhomboidal ; umbilicus none.

A. rew obscure transverse strix decorate the spire; in
the concave part of each whorl is an indistinct row of
tubercles ; the base is smooth, a little broader than the
height of the spire.

The Rev. H. Steinhaur found this shell in the inferior
Oolite at Little Sodbury. It is distinguished from the
next with which it agrees in general form, by the trans-
verse striz, single carina, and solid columella.

1S]

TROCHUS duplicatus.
TAB. CLXXXI.---Fig. 5.

Spec. Cuar. Conical ; sides of the whorls concave ;
a double deeply crenulated carina round the
base ; umbilicus open, with a tuberculated
margin ; aperture quadrangular.

ae aii

Tue upper edge of each whorl is crenulated as well as
the carine: the concave space between the two edges is
plain; the whole surface is shining. The umbilicus,
which has about seven tubercles around it, forms a strong
and remarkable character.

From Little Sodbury, along with the last.

TROCHUS dimidiatus.
TAB. CLXXXI.---Fig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Conical; base convex, with a cari-
nated margin ; upper part of the whorl con-
cave, with an entire carina in the middle ;
aperture pentangular.

EE —————

Tus smaller whorls are convex; the last formed
ones only shew the carine and concave spaces between
them : the carina in the middle of the upper part of the
whorl projects so much as to give the shell a square
clumsy form: the columella is direct and solid.

I have received a single example of this from Little
Sodbury, along with the two latter species; it is dull and
rather rough on the surface.

a ae
"i | adt ‘ae Ot . ainiyan batalla 4 45 e
as i hotels: ned i: hier AK fee Air: niin Bu; seed
Gone a us wroinhaiep Pusreaqs vingtem 7
; ‘Rae! ; pin ,

; : ; - ee er =i “y
Fi Ss wi, ; V bs a Poopyics ee po

. : aah pe heal win fy: bubewae > at ‘seiticr cere saiho se

ae rng own pdt a tts nw tad. wonide ov egHtO? Om Ne
oS epnitiaenins | od Ep " nutitide ai” ggloi afpite:
RAIA E worrt i bh 2 | Ly pee

Si
ple Stak i> nh ahuccror

? tage Soames 3) aif} ‘iw gauie’ hoe Tit oo
\ ’ yi i ae rib r ‘i
j ' . ~ Semperre’ aaa camara " : NM e
‘ - , , i =) he :
¢ oe fs ' et sa d as piles Ae
Se ver ibionh é aaa aay eh ed Ln. ge

7 a

| es fet nal : ty LUE. i. ey ay ie : F

ete co é “ina 'p ier “rua y pour as he vist 3 si Ove 'y ae
F ey “fro, 7 eft: ak ‘pene VAG nega steht" q
pn en afihtit.. uf) ‘ei. paitey as tee Bhi “e 40Rs”

. ee ish ‘ eH , “

gat Ghia ae Nm tee dick winded be,
A ee ¢ : J .

a POR Ey iAP aright ih Veins) PS Ss ws RENE ie MW Scary ‘

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eater LPC g Meee Me,
eon es Wad ashidye’a t's ince reid wit het. aiieweaae vita astQue "
aie Site TO Deep eine sib, to slit ive oboe enehin oelt ath am, a

Oba a

ie ; A pm i Have i Tiki ka | ge oy en vy we a! ePyry rig ry dy
eae nYtad: parity at elt vse val 9 SRO ee
AE Tete TE ends teh nn f satel Mg ticteh 0) BO

rt it 1 ae 4 c Paint Web wade dyin ul ite Pl cn :
te id A a i
y isbrine: ad) ich PB
‘? | 1 oe Se
4 \ ; | Bhi , \ Chee ’ ¥
net ; a . ‘ia
en wf _ 3 ¢ ‘ “4 ee
al sat mn
_ va ‘

188

NAUTILUS striatus.

TAB. CLXXXIE.

Spec. Cuar. Slightly depressed ; umbilicate ; con
eentrically striated ; aperture half the diameter

ef the shell, nearly orbicular.

WV norts rather gibbose, they are few, and increase
rapidly ; the umbilicus is large, expesing a small part of
the inner whorls ; the numezous. strme which cover the
surface are irregular, elevated, and so strong, that trey
might almost be considered as ridges ; the front is a little
compressed, giving the apertare a squarish form.

Found in the blue Lyas at Lyme Regis, Dorset.
The large fragment was tent me by the Rev. W. Buck-
land.

‘. Pris,
re MNeS)) 4p")
PAS

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oi ee eae is vi hs |
: aes Eabaidtides: inner iy mit.

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we rm a are Bok Bly
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= *) | ; ma Wikis

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Ly 4/ 7] =) 4 }4
eh

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at Me sit a ei ‘tor Lad i abo ee od duoale & si
f | Gateapt dkicayps a sich pi paivig. hogearga
ert ctigest, eared tn: reg paid “alt cieney

Vy duty a mph: axl wf ‘aa and u awh ‘h vara a an

monet ail 99 devin vite ‘tron yaoM ‘ad ialeode ae ty ie a .

uN ! DAN
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, ore (aati aap, he
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Ap r a

AMMONITES Loscombi.
TAR. CLAY XXII.

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, compressed, umbilicated ;
inner whorls concealed ; radii many, shallow,

waved ; front rounded ; aperture obleng.

Bue surface is smooth; the umbilicus small, and not
very deep ; the aperture is about two-fifths the diameter
of the shell long, the thickness being only one-third the
length of the aperture.

I was favoured with the loan of the shell here figured,
by C. W. Loscombe, Esq. who obtained it from the blue
Lyas of Lyme in Dorsetshire. It is in a good state of
preservation, but the mouth had been broken in a way
that led some genius to clear the stone from it, so as to
give the appearance of a beaked termination to it: tab.
173, A. rostratus, shews a proper termination. I have
thought fit to figure the present as a caution against de-
ception. .

6 »
car

Gh ae a NGtad 4
Weiss pall aah

7 yh
dates Pat i. Mit hai

i! is

‘

die ty dee iy eee Sh

Nea Nid aH weap WAL;

ant ane a :
aa ie rae on ihe

Peay

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api afi oxt bi

Pe : : ‘p4 Tope
4 . ‘

is aS - ik
Pi:

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hae yeallada "Nl Bvt yak
Deen ee Peabo | fori ss
ahbags 3 Biwlde mony at agi Me

cores WAL ML

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Mac 5. ae

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ways

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“gonnatb onl wilstit ye }

wir im,

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ye As, iia éh
May At AF

- digtatne .
oh ai wn “ ny
"int wilt iki ]
ans “eibtelefid Wid ty 2
chon agit au id. tad wild at itso df ity fara dist ase
auld odd coat tid vi ay ae wy, pad caine ‘oT bi or er
keen tye, fi ’ Bui a be M. Avinlerserodt, (ii Mis irk Wh swell Rie
Yows ab wodowd a vd bad “dit ait i fy eee ae
alt tn oly ot built; yscane a dh i" i
oh 8 tae Pent tn Pat ona Sadly ovis : a.
ayer ae “oir aasohaort 8

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187
AMMONITES Braikenridgii.
TAB. CLXXXIV.

Seco. Cuan. Depressed; radiated; volutions ex-
posed; front rounded ; crossed by the radii ;
radii farcate; mouth round; lip expanded
into two oblong lobes. -

a ee

Roan prominent, numerous, rather sharp, and equal to
the spaces between tuem : there is a small tubercle upon
each at the base of the branches ; the thickness of the last
whorl is rather less than one-third the diameter of the
shell; there are about three or four volutions. The lip
is very striking, it commences with a square base, and
having been continued a little way from the last radius
it suddenly expands on the sides into two oblong lobes,
on which are distinctly marked the lines of growth: the
edges are sharp, and gradually bent a little inwards.

Perfect terminations of the Ammonites are rare; I have
however, met with several specimens indicating the form
of the lip, but none of them exhibit any thing much out
of the usual way, excepting some French ones, and those
now before us: in one of the French specimens the aper-
ture is much contracted by the lip; in another, the lip
forms a single arched lobe slightly bent inwards.*

These remarkable fossils are from Dundry near Bristol :
they are composed of foliated carbonate of lime, and are
imbedded in a compact limestone, replete with rounded
shining grains of yellowish brown oxide of iron, and the
remains of various other shells. They enrich the collec-
tion of George Weare Braikenridge, Ksq. of Bristol.

* Of these I have made an engraving for comparison ; they are found
ina similar stove with the British one, at Bayeux in Normandy, and were
_ presented to me by Mons. de Geryille, to whom I am much indebted for
the fossil produce of the Cotentin.

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Faia onde bo wage Aaidd axle ommend ited ts oo ne ae
Staines abinistiics nets ncaa lp Sd
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hoo ‘pend. rule e sii pinchia pon ci e a .
vistas teal oda nxont.yove obit 4 hosnitios tyed yaivid | ir
adel gaeldo om) orei giz oft Ka pbitnges ghyolihihe ie Bi x
alt: :Atvhorg lo esitil od hadi phhogieih ox dolla moe Og igs
* abaowal aladil oped ello liirng bat cqveibs-ene evgtos
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terre aul) gaitevihal eveminsen hog womabile Mun rovnieadl
+ day atone syncs yon didiges qual te sot tH) ot le Vo ie
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viii tasting ie VC $0 ae a :

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* eburdad Mod qihitgile odal harsin oof ftie i

foie when ibaa nvort on elieed! efile Aetna oad’!
a fhe ait lo sinwodwa hedoitil to Ty nogeigs ous ali

. batuttoy dtity stata fstoteomil } BADD Fi bahbsdeai,
_ wh has tort to obice award dxivrol tv antinrg aminide ad est

-rlfay oi, doitire yad't” lfode’s ved anole kes wainiagy, oa
dered 8 Yo... pent ophimadiont ¢ nnaet La a (an

ocean oe ene Cee San a

.
howok Yor gede: s aoviyeqenae sal gaivetaan ge . aaa)
ao bun cebamevevs. wb acta nit ti OO deiglnl od atiw weds

+ MRO Rene Or ena

4 ‘
“iy i
(We. a f ira ty
ot vw ‘5 i)
) Whe \ aR MAE RIO: ae Er eS
) d ie F za 9 ice )
fe Am ald ey va 2
i Ba age ea

189
AMMONITES constrictus.
PAB: Also hie 1:

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, radiated, armed with a
row of acute tubercles on each side the front ;
inner volutions concealed ; radii undulated, of
various lengths ; aperture even, oblong, con-
tracted by a blunt-edged inflected lip.

——EE

Tx some varieties there are a few tubercles near the
centre, the same bave also larger tubercles near the
front: the tubercles are always largest about the middle
of the last whorl, and gradually diminish towards the
mouth and the inner turns, where they are entirely want-
ing; on the contrary, the radii are most conspicuous on
the inner whorls. ‘There is a minute, apparently open,
wnbilicus. The mouth which is placed at an acute angle
to the radii, is reduced to an oval form by an inflexion of
the edge, and is so much contracted that the shape of its
opening is not affected by the preceding whorl ; the edge of
it is so bent that the closed partis placed nearly at a right
angle to the remainder. The septa, the last of which lies
about half a turn from the mouth, are much sinuated, and
numerous.

Casts only of this shell have as yet occurred, but they
are so perfect, that they exhibit every thing that can be
expected. The termination of the last chamber is a very
striking feature ; it is met with in almost all the speci-
mens. From St. Colombe, in Normandy.

AMMONITES Gervillii.
TAB. A.---Fig. 3.

Spec, Cuar. Gibbose, umbilicate, radiated; a
small portion of the inner whorls exposed ;
radii sharp, bent, furcate ; aperture trans-
verse, oblong, arched ; lip arched, sharp
edged.

(oa arn ee

"Tue thickness of this is rather more than half the dia-

meter: the umbilicus is large, beautifully exposing the

190

ribbed edges of the whorls: the radii are nearly close
together, and very regular until just before the last whork
is completed, when their place is supplied by two or
three irregular waves ; the shell is then finished with a
sharp edge.

This species occurs in a marly Limestone, which is
replete with grains of Iron Ochre : the place of the shell
is supplied by foliated carbonate of Lime. It is from
Bayeux, in Norraandy.

AMMONITES Erongniartt.
"LAB, Anwsoltg..2-

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose; radiated ; umbilicate ; in-
ner whorls concealed; umbilicus minute ;
aperture transverse, oblong, arched, with a
thick or inflected lip ; radii fureate, bent.

"TP uicxness about two-thirds the diameter: the radii are
close, waved, and very regular: the umbilicus is minute,
round within, but oblong externally, in consequence of
the last whorl being carried forward in a straight line for
a short distance, after which it turns suddenly towards
the mouth.

This is found in the same state of preservation in the
same stratum with fig. 3; and it may be worthy of obser-
vation, that the Rev. Mr. Buckland possesses in his
cabinet, a specimen from Yeovil of the same species with
this, but in a stone very sparingly furnished with the fer-
ruginous grains, and such as there are being in a decom-
posed state.

I have named these. two last shells, the one as a testi-
mony of respect to an enlightened and warm friend of
science in general, and of Natural History in particular,
Mons. de Gerville, who bas laboured with much assiduity
in collecting and arranging the fossils of the Cotentin :---
the other in honor of Brongniart; its rotundity may be
considered as a type of the orb of knowledge spread
abroad by that luminary, in conjunction with Cuvitr,
after whom I have already named the spreadimg Inoce-
ramus, Cuvieri.

My kind friend M. de Gerville, above named, furnished
me with all the three species figured on this plate.

19]

UNIO crassiusculus,

TAB. CLXXXYV.

Seec. Cuar. Oblong-elliptical, depressed; valves
thick ; surface marked by lines of growth ;

hinge strong.

"Tur surface of this shell is regularly curved, without
any hollow or rising: the beaks are sharp, a little re-
curved: the lines of growth are not very prominent,
except two or three of them near the edge : the hinge is
light and elegant in comparison to that of U. crassissi-
mus, although thick.

I am indebted to the Rev. G. R. Leathes for the know-
ledge of this Unio: he has obtained it from the Craig at
Bawdesey, in Suffolk.

The yalves have been replaced by carbonate of lime
of a crystalline texture, and are attached to masses of

ochraceous limestone, or lie loose in the craig.

| ae eo any
P hee: _ i uw

hed ida obilien abe aot qils” oi
Bie 4 = ag ee pe ighe
“iy gy iowa ti , eae so ree

ey OE ives 4 ah ae ie he :

‘ ¥ :
5 > v4 7 a 4 ' fs
Ae 3 ’ x ; rf 7 4 ie bt | Be
in 3
Fe, sek ia . i P 7 ‘
. i ; + Te n'a 4
p a o ie! seca _ ¢
at 4
, ba 7 fs, we! Ny ry AM
- i

* ATM a 8 ° ’ Js Ay
ie : . wen
hes ‘al Pere ' coe

‘ te wi ‘ mit ik, (tite sib ou av ‘aad 2 rt % itt

Ma
ds ik me HN: fou " rh on" ei jeomih. alte : bor

A "=.
becss ote allt’? ha fia AME oe :
path oil: dike Lat a ats yy “il bi bie iq50%
“TP th i { ‘le boils abo outs qtr city 41% shane nite how su Ls
is ar, re e ae te - , a .

sft Uti’ ite A

we: ah oni fru ef He. a SSH hit ab fronesh div wi 7
‘ ba han 4 ti sol ie banieitda emi eit): aah i | ail ta aah ’
| plete a Ywonbive |

fo Weataioa au
to ‘Wtettodida’ 7 Pasnlties, igi th, Re law ot 20

lo, 2oeredm ot bailouts m- bites per silladeyns. hy

“lars we? at Seoul oil 1. fasten
V "j 4

hae ee
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.
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4 é
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; P ay 7 —— i
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493

PECTEN orbicularis.

TAB. CLXXXVI.

Srec. Cuar. Orbicular, much depressed, concen-
trically striated ; strie elevated, sharp ; one
valve smooth ; ears nearly equal, broadest at

the base.

A rut tender shell ; the striae are many, a line distant
from each other ; the length and breadth are equal ; the
ears rather large.

One of the tender products of the green sand of the
Devizes canal, preserved by Mrs. Gent. It appears to

be unfrequent, as [ have seen but one individual.

Vee 4
if

: r
i ra i

nee MN
e j »

t aie ry
Cat 7
re, WN

it ae ry

r j .
banner ae
wala?
Pek oe ’
| ie
t - F
_ :
i
ae
Tae lk
4 ee %

me
se a
“n9.0u109-- » dboeenga riputts: asithO wand
ey ann < qraile batayats ‘nite “eboatais ilasink 43

’ - ce 1A Samad
te Jaah gond de 9 ‘gfaiae vine + Wor ome silat ie
7 ‘ 5 * _ da ‘
2 Nie ise qeed 5
, ’ -" | {i ¥})
CARAT eS
’ ; ie ie aay
} 6: aan Baa
“ Wath. Cee a La!
& ; , "i out A Sasso
Bho yeas Me eo) b ' po ia Sea age FY
r bY aes tl sees - crx
sy daa ile ho aay :
4 at oc »—* *
: : \ 1 y \ ) 7 ee,
: i ‘ Ye te Ge i”
7 oie 7 : au ‘ ae ¢ wala vehe ‘
igaheib quib o yoni sve TH 4 lt fonts thie ¥ a ie

‘oak ; Lnupe a1 dificerd hice digeol wild ; tostlo sion mont ae

rh a Wh a4 bi . 5 14
3 ae a, a 4 - so aie! weaser wih a i

ta = “ : : . ue Pe
me atlt to haa. yore yl To gambar wticar aft Wo vet aa
a ae Y al ‘ La ’
yersenqn HM’ sao cenkh, qa - bowie ‘dain eM i aa |
& 5 7 4 3 | bs Pd % at)
i , ‘tnshivibs i orice (edd Woe Ge Pia e yhda pra hgnae of A
P . i A 7 } ‘ - a
, ‘A Te z
/ ; a
‘ ; a, sahil!
aU
ra | x yey " r By
saa : i hy i RR A PARNER
| :
4 *« ‘ :
’ "
- 7
i< c N 4
ay > iol

195

MUREX coniferus.
TAB. CLXXXVII.---Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuan. Elongated, with many longitudinal
undulations, crossed by numerous unequal ele-
vated striz ; volutions few, inversely conical,
their upper parts depressed and nearly smooth;
beak open, rather short ; aperture ovate.

Tue general form of this Murex is that of a series of
cones gradually diminishing in size, and so arranged,
that the points of the smaller ones penetrate the bases of
the larger : a few of the strie upon the smaller whorls
form carine, which are thicker where they cross the un-
dulations or costx, and give them a tuberculated appear-
ance. ‘The upper part of each whorl is distinguished by
the want ef transverse sirie. The aperture, including
the beak, occupies half the length of the shell.

Highgate Hill afforded me this species, which I have
not recognized elsewhere.

MUREX regularis.
TAB. CLXXXVII.---Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Rather elongated, with many longi-
tudinal undulations, crossed by strong elevated
strie ; whorls convex, the last contracted to-
wards the beak; beak open, rather slender,
aperture obovate.

Tur volutions vary in number, from five to eight ; they
are very regularly convex ; the ribs and strie are also

/ os Z /)? 5),

196

pretty uniform: the beak has a slight bend: within the
lip are a few small plaits, and the striz of the surface are
distinguishable upon the columella. ‘The length of the
mouth and beak together is half that of the whole shell.

This was sent me from Barton Cliff, by Miss Salis-
bury.

MUREX carinella.
TAB. CLXXXVII.---Fig. 3 and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Rather elongated, with many longi-
tudinal undulations, crossed by strong elevated
unequal strie ; whorls convex, subcarinated
in the middle, the last contracted towards the
beak ; beak open, rather slender ; aperture
obovate.

sa Rieter

Venry similar to the last ; its difference consists of the
subcarinated form of the volutions, which is chiefly pro-
duced by the slight enlargement of one of the striz.

This was favoured me along with the last: it bea
some resemblance to the M. craticulatus of Brocchi’s,
tab. 7, f. 14; but the last whorl is not so ventricose,
neither is the carina so strong.

197

CERITHIUM cornucopie.
TAB, CLXXXVIII.---Figs. 1, 3, and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Turrited, subulate, punctated ; whorls
very numerous, superior ones with 3 or 4 un-
equal tuberculated carine, central ones tuber-
culated above, undulated below, with 4 or 5
fransverse furrows ; lowest whorls crossed by
9 or 10 elongated tubercles ; aperture quad-
rate ; columella plaited ; beak short, curved.

needa oaeeeaentemel

So different are the several parts of an entire adult shell
of this Cerithium, that fragments may be taken for dis-
tinct species. ‘The whorls close to the apex have only
one carina placed a little below the middle, and crenu-
lated : in the succeeding whorls the upper edge gradu-
ally becomes tuberculated, a small knotted keel rises
between it and the central one, and the lower edge ap-
pears crenulated : by degrees the tubercles on the upper
edge increase in size, the central carina becomes flatter,
and other carine arise on each side of it: near the
middle of the shell these carine all become broader, and
the spaces between them assume the form of furrows ;
the tubercles and crenulations remain in the form of
waves: in the mean while the tubercles upon the upper
edge are elongated, and towards the interior part of the
shell join the waves below them, displacing the furrows
by degrees, till having receded from the edge in the
three or four last turns, they occupy the whole whorl in
the form of blunt, oblong, rather oblique knobs. The
mainute hollow punctums that are dispersed over the
whole surface are disposed in lines that diverge as they
rise over the tubercles, and converge again as they de-

198

scend, very elegantly. The aperture in half grown shells
is quadrate; in full grown individuals the right lip is
semicircular. The beak is a little twisted ; the, edge of
it rises upon the columella like a plait ; above this is an
obtuse plait upon the columella; and a third plait, or
rather ridge, sometimes occurs just above the columella.
Its length often exceeds a foot; the diameter of the last
whorl is one-fourth the length in general, but sometimes
the shell is less taper. The whorls are above 30 in num-
ber.

The clay, mixed with green sand, exposed at low tides
under Stubbington Cliff, has afforded fragments of this,
the most ornamental fossil shell I know; but these are
in a bad state of preservation, not only in consequence
of their exposure to the ocean, but from having been
much perforated by some worms, that have threatened
the rapid destruction of their usurped habitation before
it was consigned to the earth, to be preserved for ages
yet to come. I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Hol-
loway for a specimen, which from its situation was diffi-
cult to be obtained : it is represented at fig. 1: perhaps,
if the stratum could be explored before the sea had acted
upon it, specimens might be procured in a high state of
preservation. My good friend Mr. De Gerville has sent
me from the Cotentin a good series of the same species,
delicately preserved, but not perfect at either extremity ;
several of them are worm-eaten, like the Stubbington
ones : fragments of the upper parts are shewn for illus-
tration at figs. 3 and 4. As it is often filled with minute
shells, Mr. De Gervillehas been in the habit of calling it by
a name analogous to cornucopie, a name I have thought
sufficiently expressive of its magnitude or capaciousness
to apply: it is also applicable to the giver’s generosity,
whose horn of plenty I hope to have the pleasure of
emptying into the lap of science at no very remote period.

£79

CERITHIUM giganteum.
TAB. CLXXXVIIL.--- Fig. 2.

Syn. C, giganteum. Lamarck Env. de- Paris,
p. 95. Knorr, If. tab. 17, 7).
Parkinson Org. Rem. III. 71.

Spec. Cuar. Turrited, extremely long, transversely

striated, minutely punctated ; upper parts of
the whorls tuberculato-nodose ; columella uni-

plicated.

SSE

Accorpixe to De Lametherie, 30 inches is a length
sometimes attained by this gigantic shell, the diameter
of the last turn being then 73 inches. Unlike the last,
this Cerithium is nearly uniform throughout its length ;
it differs from every part of it in the position of the tu-
bercles, which are confined to the upper parts of the
whorls : below the tubercles are 6 or 7 transverse strie
at equal distances from each other ; while in those whorls
of the C. cornucopie which have striz below the tuber-
cles, they are but five, and at unequal distances. This
is also more taper than C. cornucopiz.

It was not until I had described the preceding, that I
discovered, upon comparing two specimens sent me by
Mr. Holloway, very carefully, with an authentic one of
C. giganteum, given me by Mr. Parkinson, that Mr.
Holloway’s were distinct from each other ; and that the
smaller one, although much worn, still retained charac-
ters enough to prove it to be the giganteum. It is ex-
traordinary, that two species, hitherto met with in different
parts of France, should be found together on the English
coast. The worms that have committed such ravages
upon both species, have in the specimen before us been
more limited in their operations, confining them to
straight lines, that branch in a dichotomous manner.

yp
ica

: a ai Ae , mine

i Me tina
| ee ‘ Ao vali sg ‘nal wg vabinoray
| ea yl sone oa
GAIA bichon meth
ai i fotki, tea tani, fat a) “Gi it ; Be ry
ve ae a, An, xii ed va ahi pec rt
na ee on i wd ee nl teri yi i baie
ip oy By ‘is Ae wwe ebony aan nen, hey ly sing
re heal pa akin Heonwe ‘ al fac be

] f " Le iW ae if Nir
. mh an me di 4 hy Sapa ih beh wh nn ‘ Hy
0 Neyanh ad tel eka ye Sei Av ok

ki 7 sui yt ne iwi he tall oil :
Mey nee no I) Ue aa cme
rd My ai ae Hayy ti hap ,' ny
; pas On hs ae ne indi tain vs oti
+ at gt Mid “ty “otvageeh lea
" k ¥ adi, LL ag sii Ht it aa
if fy i ry eiaiy, shies vip . ian

; | ., j mnt us bit toe nei ney sn ei

201

MUREX fistulosus.
TAB. CLXXXIX.---Fig. 1 and 2.

Syn. M. fistulosus. Brocchi, II. 394 tab. 7,
gale.
M. pungens. Brander, f. 82.

Spec. Cuar. Oblong, varicose ; each varix foli-
ated, and produced above in a recurved tube ;
aperture obovate, entire ; beak nearly straight,
closed.

By no means a handsome shell, although remarkable :
the varices, or ribs, are thick and clumsy; each has a
sinuated thin appendage at the back of it, and a large
arched tube at the upper part: the aperture is perfectly
entire, the lips being joined all round : outside the right
lip are four or five sinuated fimbriz, more or less distinct
in different individuals : the beak is broad, and in old
shells is often double or triple, the earlier formed ones
remaining uncovered. The width of the shell in the
middle is about half the length.

I have met with two specimens of this found in Bar-
ton Cliff; they were presented to me by Mr. Bullock : in
one of them the fimbria near the aperture are very
obscure: allowing that they may sometimes be entirely
wanting, there would not remain a shadow of difference
between these shells and Brocchi’s figure: Brocchi ob-
serves, that his shell is variable. Brander’s fig. 82,
seems to have been intended for this also, although in
Dr. Solander’s description it is not distinguished from
M. pungens, fig. 81.

MUREX tubifer.
TAB. CXXXIX.---Figs. 3 to 8.

Syn. Murex pungens. Brander, p. 35, f. 81.
Murex tubifer. Lamarck Env. de Paris,
p. 04. Park. Org. Rem. “Veto Pr.
pe 09. 6. rf. 15;
Murex horridus. Brocchi, IJ. 405. t. 7.

Fale

202

Spec. Cuar. Ovate ; with four rows of erect tubes
alternating with four solitary tubes upon each
whorl ; aperture obovate, entire ; beak arched,
closed.

ET
~

V otvrions convex and smooth, each furnished with four
or five longitudinal rows of tubular spines, generally
three in a row; between each row is a solitary erect
slightly arched tube, placed upon the upper part of the
whorl. The beak is rather pointed, closed at the front,
but open at the end.

It is remarkable that Brocchi should have mentioned
Lamarck’s M. pungens as related to his M. fistulosus ;
while he has described M. pungens under the new name
of horridus, in nearly the same terms as those used by
Lamarck, without referring to him. Brocchi seems to
have had finer specimens than are found in Hampshire,
although it is probable that they come from a distant part
of the same stratum, and consequently may have been
buried at nearly the same period : is it not likely that one
part of a stratum may have been in a situation more con-
genial to the growth of the individuals it has enveloped
than others? The more perfect state of preservation in
which many of the foreign fossils are now obtained,
probably arises from the climate in which they are ex-
posed: that of England, especially by the sea-side,
being more calculated for the destruction than the pre-
servation of tender calcareous reliques.

The specimens numbered 3, 4, and 5, are from Bar-
ton ; the two former through the kindness of Miss Salis-
bury; the latter, which is a young one, before the beak
is closed, was sent me by the Rev. Mr. Bingley.

Figs. 6, 7, and 8, are from young shells found at
Highgate: although they are nearly as large as fig. 5,
the rows of tubes are not formed, but the solitary tubes
are commenced : in fig. 8, which is the smallest, there
are several indications of the first tube upon the varices.
Had a larger extent of ground been opened, it is possible
we might have come to the bed where this species had
attained its full growth.

203

AMMONITES Brooki.

TAB. CXC.

Spec. Cuar. Depressed, carinated, with a sulcus
on each side of the keel; radiated; radii
strong, simple, arched ; inner volutions ex-

posed ; aperture oblong.

A. sorpry marked shell, with four or five whorls, of
which the inner ones are more than half exposed ; the
radii are large and prominent, equally broad with the
spaces between them; each is composed of a single arch
bent forwards ; the keel is round and entire, with a deep
furrow on each side of it. The surface of the shell is
finely marked with lines of growth. The length of the
aperture is about one-third the longest diameter.

From the Blue Lyas ef Lyme Regis, Dorset, favoured
me by the Rev. W. Buckland. I have named this after

H. J. Brooke, Esq. M.G.S. a gentleman well versed in
Geology and Mineralogy.

a He

Le er
ene

a
a x
™

7 hie ;
ie Rate #, hy, a im Ls es

alia Sith 4
binky wig gaa

: : i * J
a 4 A f
ve a eatin whe: ;
a. mf Puy noi ai
2 i! uae me A we mG i a ao my
ih ae 1% " Bie ‘) FP ae th veya
‘ae | ih “ my fe. 4.8 te y Nanee en | Lt aie me Se
Hh mm" th a his ae ¥ iit ' Pays Y HAG, ‘- TA
‘ i Vayu i 4 i i”
"% that cia) a de ca ae eR! Way i dar ae
ol ji ne y a an aay ey ar Scteerthard Re ‘ "
a ie ac Ta i ie DVS. Sy lie
PET ea One ee ; ) ‘ ; . : on
vi a Ae ke ne A j may ¥ Li alte ’ i oa at
. Y, =)

‘ wate oe ~ un dale ‘til Diane ‘a bade Re
ae al ait Mint. end” ony weayaé ddl ckthe nia
Famer been, iggy fate tayo oo batt sr , th, thea f

| me gin sh Na Arowarion 6 dep: 2 mal een Ted ono, |

me: Ate pnt y pene Arab tesint Saath hitiiocedl fs svi ‘ps rrey Oe ae we

. | at Sls. Ssh iy, aah vid es 4 Te in hone ~— i
on bie seed yh | atheros T4, ‘See vege Bapohigrt: qiouit

‘ ee. a sdk ine ee io! eee 4. ornedroqes

: RN, ne ih Wh i A eu a ey SE yuigk to ays P caption ea

| i ae # nig be snd Btn aid tid eg
; CL aati dashed nt M08 ‘a inal
ee 2 ane

\ ny
ie 3 Va ne A i tind
w phe i \ is ~ f i Pelee ne a i ) f | ae | y

205

AMMONITES Stokesi.

TAB. CXCl.

Srec. Cuan. Lenticular, depressed, radiated ; ra-
dit broad, slightly elevated ; inner whorls half

exposed ; edge crenated ; aperture sagittate.

Lexeru of the aperture two-fifths the diameter of the
‘last whorl: the radii are little else than almost straight
radiating undulations ; they are lost near the edge: the
cast shews some signs of concentric striz upon the surface
of the shell: the inner edge of the whorl is strongly de-
fined.

Of this species I have only seen a cast ; it was lent me
by the Rev. W. Buckland, who obtained it from a Marle-
bed, connected with the inferior Oolite, near Bridport in
Dorset.

I have the honour of naming this after Charles Stokes,
Esq. M.G.S. whose acquaintance I have long valued,

and whose abilities deserve our warm remembrances.

mk ip i

‘iil on ra ee

Rys*)
eee et: |

a ' wpe cays) uo ar 3 me 4

AM * . : ‘iy ETRE A ed aie a " ay baby vd Hoe

i if uljee tbe nt Rao ail ‘es ft fa} ite pi) Mr Daten ea oe le hs
f ley . " | + | ra P ‘ } Ar ; Samat cae ard i as

Ma) \ ne bk ey ie ii hie ; yh iy sit f ei ull vith? te abeeiy ut i

a yi bh ay th : EAS ree J | , wi igs

i ; re n't sauna oni “ehh writ opihivak a OPAL
mr ; wo) ata vate anni? ip ssbrult ead ey aut Nae raat i ne
AL: ‘ ‘ i eer c ots id heal seit ith paddy 3 wath, Roast: ita ie
WAR hs abi ema wal hg mE, jeder ae le #sregia & SH

Hannan ith hs i Reet mh Naty ail hy YM deh ns onTieui ys
. f \ yi ; ‘ Wie) j i i ee i i 4 a y fy is i? f
en sify vapor wg “ae ve ere tin iy ei wk eabanipp ae sone
hea) A 1
wtad Re eh, ty ys be Sig we .
Mi 7 ee SAO ot hing! LE ref ody a
‘a Ladakh ei il aby: dean IS Ae 0) all
ae i igh jh m + \ i" wan Le ji * as id
: ae Gah han
tke sl vns yi BY uk TO eee Mari ;
i ONY % t “Shore ‘oth? NPAT Figs at ihe oh ae |
¢ yt ater ena ude) Why bi} Ma tip wat)
backs Mad ii eg phi a) a a Hv " :
Ni! ue if! y ae Uae | . A EAS
i, oy 1» i ‘ ait q iM P he faa

My iat <a Hat ee WP erie

Ay Ue Aa). 3 yt ¥

ee ae A a, or ie ve

fe ' i ; a A utd ; Lf j of veh ay

\ AY, "" ot rn ‘Py HR Tif Ty ‘ae Ita A i ry
Ne 7 Ate f ) Y

i! , \ h i fee { TD

Matt
Wide

207

NUCULA levigata.
TAB. CXCII.---Figs. 1 and 2.

Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely elliptical, convex,
smooth ; posterior side truncated; edge en-
tire.

Neaxty related to N. Cobboldie, but wider and per-
fectly smooth: it has not even the striae beneath the
surface, so usual in other species. The lunette is im-
pressed, convex, oblong, and occupies the truncated
part of the pesterior side; it has a pit or compressed
tooth in the hinge, similar to several other species.

Of this I have received fragments from Mrs. Cobbold,
which were very pearly, although found in the Crag of
Holywells. The perfect specimens represented are from
Woodbridge ; they are of the usual colour of ihe Crag,
but still betray the once more pearly internal coat. They
are nearly as perfect as living specimens; I was glad
to see them ; they were favoured by Mr. Parkinson.

NUCULA similis.
TAB. CXCII.---Figs. 3, 4, and 10.

Syn. Arca Nucleus. Brander, p. 40. f. 101.
Brocchi, IT. 480?
Nucula margaritacea. Lamarck Env. de
Paris, 193°?

Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely obovate, depressed, ob-
scurely striated longitudinally ; posterior side
straight ; lunette imbedded ; concave in the
middle, oblong ; edge crenulated.

Tus differs from the recent British Nucula (Arca nu-
cleus, Linn.) in the angle formed by the two lines of hinge

208

teeth ;—in that it is a right angle,—in this it is greater.
The lunette of the recent one is regularly convex ; in
the fossil it is depressed in the middle, and also lies
deeper. The fossil is generally less convex than the
recent, and a trifle wider. The striz in both are beneath
the surface, except near the crenulated edge: in the fos-
sil they are most conspicuous in old shells.

Found in Barton Cliff: the small specimens (figs. 3
and 4), are from Highgate: whether the latter, (fig. 4)
should be considered as a distinct species, or only a va-
riety, it is not perfect enough to determine: the strie
upon it are elevated over nearly the whole surface not
confined to the margin.

Lamarck and Brocchi having declared didir shells to
be identical with the Linnean A. nucleus, in conformity
with the general opinion respecting these fossils, I have
added a query to their synonima, for I have not seer
foreign specimens, and they may prove to be different
from either of the Hampshire ones, (N. similis and tri-
gona,) which have also been confounded together.

NUCULA trigona.
TAB. CXCII.---Fig. 5.

Spec. Cuar. Ovato-deltcid, compressed, smooth;
edge crenulated ; hinge-pit short; lunette
concave. .

Disrinevisuzp from N. similis by its triangular form,
flatted valves, and concave lunette, which also distin-
guishes it from A. nucleus of Linnzus.

Sent me along with N. similis from Barton, by Miss
Salisbury : it appears to be quite new. I would propose
to call the A. nucleus of Linn. Nucula intermedia, be-
cause it comes between this and N. similis in form, as
the hinge of this is more acute than a right angle.

209 :

NUCULA pectinata.
TAB. CXCII.---Figs. 6 and 7.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely elliptical, elongated,
convex ; posterior side truncated ; longitudi-
nally furrowed; lunette imbedded, flat, cor-
date ; edge crenulated.

Tis is a large species of Nucula; its surface is co-
vered by small diverging furrows, which are crossed by
fine transverse striae: the lunette is very conspicuous ard.
broad. The specimens are not so opened as to shew the
hinge pit, but I think it may be traced in the casts.

I am indebted to W. Borrer, Esq. an enlightened Bo-
tanist, for specimens found in clay in Sussex, long since.
I have also received several from Folkstone and Dover,
where they are abundant in various states. The shell is
tender, and filled either with argillaceous Ironstone, or
Pyrites : when the shell is decayed there remain neat
casts of the inside, shewing the teeth and the two mus-
cular impressions of each valve, which must have been
deep in the shell, as the casts of them are much elevated.
The shell is pearly within. The two figures 7 are diffe-
rent views of a cast in Ironstone of a similar but wider
shell, in which the anterior side is more acuminated ;

probably this form is produced by the compression of the
two valves together.

NUCULA minima.
TAB. CXCII.---Figs. 8 and 9.
Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely ovate, convex, trans-

versely striated ; posterior side acuminated ;
edge entire ; lunette defined, elongated.

Neary twice as wide as long ; the lunette is straight, it
reaches from the beak to the angle of the posterior side :

210

the row of teeth swelling into the cavity of the shell be-
neath the lunette, give the inside a beaked appearance :
the hinge pit is minute.

A small, though not unworthy present, from Miss
Salisbury. I suppose it to be rare at Barton, as I have
only seen a single valve. Figure 9 is the sketch of a
cast from among a cluster that was found at Highgate:
they appear to belong to a more gibbose, and perhaps
curved species, but are not sufficient to decide from: the
shell remains in part upon some of them in a very soft
and friable state.

N. minima may possibly be young of Arca minuta of
Brocchi, Vol. II. p. 482; but it is only striated, not
suleated ; and it differs from his A. nitida, in being ra-
ther gibbose than depressed, and not truncated.

211

TROCHUS punctatus.
TAB. CXCIIL.—Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, with straight sides, trans-
versely striated ; upper striae upon each whorl
crossed by oblique undulations, lower ones

minutely granulated, a narrow band between
the two sets.

V ery little higher than wide: the surface is tolerably
even: the stria are numerous; they are most prominent
towards the upper parts of the whorls, where they are
granulated by small oblique undulations: towards the
apex the band is crossed by fine striz.

From the inferior Oolite of Dundry, near Bristol.

TROCHUS elongatus.
TAB. CXCIII.— Figs. 2, 3 and 4.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, elongated, transversely stri-
ated ; striae near the apex granulated ; each
whorl slightly undulated near the upper edge,
with an obscure band below the middle; the
inferior margin pz “nent.

Breavrn of the base two «irds the height ; the strie
-are less numerous, and the wir tations larger but shorter
than in the preceding: tie ides of the whorls are
slightly concave.

Very nearly allied to the preceding, but distinguished
by the prominent margins of the whorls, and longer form.
Found in the same stratum ot Dundry. Mr. Braiken-
ridge has jn his cabinet a speetinen 25 inches high, and
two inches wide, being rather a broad variety.

a. ve
AUF

212

TROCHUS abbreviatus.
TAB. CXCIIi.--- Fig. 5.

Spec. Cuar. Conical, shortened, transversely stri-
ated; strize obscurely decussated by oblique
lines of growth ; inferior margin of each whorl
very prominent, obtuse, with an obscure band
above it.

aan) eae

Brraptn greater than the height ; the prominent mar-
gins of the whorls are marked by semicircular lines; but
they are not regular, being only lines of growth. The base
is sharply striated.

This Trochus, and the two species above described,
were sent me by George Weare Braikenridge, esq. who
collected them at Dundry. I understand that they are not
such perfect specimens as might perhaps be obtained at
some future period, but I am anxious to make them public
on acount of their near resemblance to some Trochi found
in a similar stratum in Normandy, of which I have given
one or two of the products in illustration of Ammonites
Braikenridgii. The 'Trochi I allude to have largely cre-
nulated margins, which at once distinguish them; but one
ofthem is characterized by sharp numerous elevated striz,
which cross the whorls obliquely on their upper parts, and
in semicircles over the band and prominent inferior mar-
gin; there are vestiges of such striz in the species before
us, but the French shell differs also in having a greater
number of transverse strie, and being of a longer form,
itis most like Trochus elongatus. They all have solid co-
lumelle. It appears very remarkable to me, that strata
agreeing together in their composition so closely should
produce several shells resembling each other, but, as far
as I have hitherto learnt, none are precisely the same. I
wish to instigate further research. It is a circumstance
corresponding with provincial differences among man-
kind; whether such differences among shells should be
considered as specific, may remain a question.

213

NAUTILUS sinuatus.

TAB. CXCIV.

SPEc. Car. Thick, umbilicate, concentrically
striated ; side depressed, conical; front con-
vex ; aperture obtusely sagittate, truncated ;
the septa have a large sinus on each side.

Tz most remarkable character of this Nautilus is, the
large marginal rounded sinus or lobe on each side the
septum: the septum is also much elevated towards the
front. The strie are nearly close together, moderately
fine, and elevated : they gradually disappear towards the
mouth. The inner whorls are wholly concealed, and
few. The greatest diameter is equal to twice the thick-
ness.

For the use of the only specimen T have seen of this,
I suppose rare as well as remarkable shell, [ am indebted
to the well known author, Mr. Parkinson. It was found
somewhere near Yeovil, but Mr. Parkinson is not ac-
quainted with the exact locality. It appears to belong
to the inferior Oolite : its chambers are lined with car-
bonate of lime stained with iron, and partly crystallized
in acute rhombs: It is not broken so as to shew the
situation of the siphunculus.

‘ A

fis a Hi its at
Yi aan 2a

contig

ah vet AE URE

. Hui ei ts ry
So? MnO) |: lodleoky Bows sah SR
we sf { dada’: dik wie loautied o. sth roe
PP Desh Mek PO eG Hie Fala a 9

ait

; ‘Sib 7%

Siete ee, |

=o t ‘ie

way? 8 yt tnd Vi wie Dew eados pes adn: sun i
7 ‘ taut ute re ‘ae HS igi aX: wicepe Helaigen bein
er “itd Gta Hak Nag Ns Ayftry ne oy ree qe De vi
Rh COLCA ak ame ay ee ti tae ene tnatin) ool

H at Haw i 0) As ei xm Ses ; ¢ if y ita v: by hae
| wee Hi to hal ehtcit bye y 5 abd the Neg trun ete ai

f : abit ‘vais “ CWS. cell ‘kay Ps 7 | Pid pM am 7+ nl
| a i ts : ‘i .

on Ne ‘ Pen hay ve Vibe mt Pie ? jul ts i 3 ‘al pra

fy, anetig: j J ft J ey a er aut his Fe ile bored if

PRa iL GRE Ona Dee UE. low pip rmeaaal & Hw oad

. i NNR RS gm et

Tah, 400 COR Hn s, WA Hird, iyo & a ha

ayrenting, od areal 22 os pai gut dys

riS f Te by i og it pind » ff 7. at nek wh
‘ ~ ot 3
ay Nia! yay My Pai AAs prada #) ake
wat Woda ede i) a Bhsid ede on Wes

alike: mg a maty ie is

ylang eae iyi hae, 2 Awa. “e
i” cial oll AA Rae ok *

215

AMMONITES Herveyi.
TAB. CXCV.

Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, umbilicated, radiated :
margin of the umbilicus squareish ; radii nu-
merous, sharp bi or tri-furcate; aperture
lunate, with obtuse angles.

dikes inner volutions are almost concealed; the small
portion that is exposed is seen within a deep umbilicus,
the sides of which are nearly straight from one whorl to
another: the radii commence within the umbilicus, and
having proceeded a small distance over the edge of it,
and increased in thickness, they divide into two branches,
and pass over the front, uniting again on the other side:
it frequently happens, that the branches from one radius,
instead of uniting again with each other, join the conti-
guous branches of two radii on the other side: sometimes
there is a third branch which is free at one end. The
thickness nearly equals half the diameter.

The larger specimen was found on the estate of the
Earl of Bristol, near Spalden, in Lincolnshire: I have
named it to commemorate the present enquiring and
penetrating spirit of that noble family. ‘The smaller is
from Bradford: it has more of the structure of the shell
remaining : they both appear to be from the lower Oolite.
The outline is a section, of the last whorl. Mr. Cumber-
jand has sent me the same from Knowles Hill, in Somer-

setshire.

in rn eae haces ae
ni Mera ;

n “Ue ip ee fa Mapes ae mn sy

| ee miYLRiSp« ae on att, be: ctiny 1 A

igh ehh tiga. 7 id: Gite aiie,: seas a
| : ‘gle % ‘gatrlo.t Ncw ar

‘ ; i neat ‘sy % hac ae a, ex AW

oD be ba oe ‘ we

a PP p

| a ae il qf i abit ath ss 7 ae i ‘ee
a Hos hw “sty if ave ite i sity un piste, Mi

Bs ig re
sidiel ay uf) yu a eA f vata) itp aN. 4)

ye ae ft iy F MGT faces ane a f D, Pr ie i
; d oh iy « oF i * Ay %
sa) sais ar ie Seta Sa mnnene Go a lng ag nt
i ; : , : aie ey
cre swortoidant (ude al baw ask

—

le
—F
ae
‘A
*
<=
—

i wae i rin y } dunctd } en 4a ty
‘ : i a hey cat ee ~ ‘ i. ee
ny = : Mh y 4“ PAPE? ‘ Whte..s Lip
} a weet TRICO, RS es ivi att J
| . PALE, ‘ Raa ied f
q MOTE TL TONE ely Kieed
Oe Sa BIS anh a Cee
, APT ed ROL TMT ME 3
an PUR! ye tosh) tg Rm BANE PAD Oh ake
ri PVTTLY ME PIRIE « ¢ mM tk
i
. ; \ y M nt
we” Liew & a -
( ne : Ae ar,
‘ Ps ABST )
‘ yy" ‘ ag a ae
+ "
“a fi} stint: ) ey wietapy i
- rar cy ‘ eh 1% 4
Saale) aitean tee oie
ma, ‘ Ly BMY x a, Ana
‘ f ' ta 1") 4 .
. i ; 7" ¥
a1. Baa aty ie, ae .
J a His ve ‘eh
‘ Heugt mi FY 4 Pel
. j ( , €? at
Ny ' F ¥ yee Uk
ide ‘ iy Hd | Hat ¢
A “a Aver ’ ‘ee * nee Ly t 6s
~ "1 it fs a
ad ‘ '
Ry r, ‘ or i
io shee They Da rd fi;
wey r 1 9 tds wa oh
?
= uv
A ‘ ;
'
'f
‘

“.
eS en
os
2

vA}

VENUS rustica.
TAB. CXACVI.

Spec. Cuar. Sub-orbicular, gibbose, smooth ; an-
terior side obscurely defined, convex ; a thick
lateral tooth within the anterior slope.

oe Eee

Y ovne shells of this species are nearly orbicular, if we
may judge from the strong lines of growth, with a slight
depression to distinguish the anterior side: as they ad-
vance in age they become rather more transverse. The
hinge of the right valve is furnished with two thick teeth,
which are united at their upper parts, and one elongated
lamellar tooth ; these three are placed near the beak: at
a distance from the beak on the anterior side is another
tooth ; it is short, thick, and blunt. The lunette is cor-
date, obtuse, and not distinctly marked out.

The above description is taken from a single valve:
it appears to be a full grown shell, and has been distorted
in the latter part of its growth, as old shells frequently
are, so as to make it oblong, and give it a tumid edge.
There are marks of a Flustra that once covered its
surface still remaining upon it. Its being strong and
rather clumsy in its form has suggested its name.
I am indebted to the Rev. Mr. Lambert, whose
name I have had occasion formerly to mention, for the
use of the specimen; he obtained it from the Crag pits
of W oolnough, Esq. at Hollesley, Suffolk. I do not
consider it properly arranged as a Venus; but until some
necessary divisions are made in that Genus, and in Lu-
cina, to which it belongs more properly, it must remain

there.

ed Ve

Po ‘ie
Che

a Wh Bie owaitna’ Soo itty vt m Lo ‘ ‘ie
i ae a a sr yataatatnt satis dus it

y ey vy; ; vi Ri i :
ae hath mea bia aad en Wn
* 1 Rigile. wie dla ony Wo, eouit Badwe mir sta on
ON, Saba yoilt 46: abig-whetda sdf, Mahia: of nolaet
ante win diy poi cl eu Ea
| dimer staid dve¥ dicen baduinnih of bullae iis ad}, o 7
- Datigaoly. wn fm abu vgs ‘svat ie bavi oun
th. nad oilh shui hoadley oye sottlé ganilt ; dad 9
ae < Taetonn 2 obi wiroina sdb ah dnad ade moth soi
46h ef ttaval od tel ba olildy sled ois
Adib benabrnien MUD disitalts You fears padi si
Sovlay alpala a anol «odes 6) hailgiivesbincode ake *
hevivomnilt dowd gor Kew Hosta crm crews Itt a ag at ateuingege
\gfttonpot lta rte thwart, ai "to. deg woiegl galt |
aati bitouk a, eon hin -yaokdo it odeuv yp bn oF
dt Hoxewos sono hall weal’ 9 Yo waheds 918, at
owe guioite qahat ath ti, nagar gecimtnies [ed ae
“deisnet at “hadasgyue ved aiel eli de (aailo tyler }y i
| gtathe Seiten aM .¥eR oid or hwhtshand © mts: -
aif xt .Wolimarn 6+ afvnitiod inonimnane Lad vee WE axenget
aity wail) oh ment tt hoagie: at inert nda: 40 anu Ye
tort OL ASB spotty ORR td. baad: ti han Diy
omen Ged tod dove’ T hee hey ia ba
amt fii? Ites Gone dintht toh bhanent

hte f im ye
wit gy ‘ *

219

CARDITA ? producta.
TAB. CXCVILI.---Fig. 1.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, gibbose, with
six or seven angular longitudinal ridges ; an-
terior side produced, plain.

Tie length is about two-thirds the width: the ridges
are highest towards the posterior half, and I suspect in
the young shells they are tuberculated. The beaks are
rather prominent. A cast from the inferior Oolite, near
Bath, the Rev. H. Steinhauer. I have it young in Piso-
lite, from Chapel House, near Chipping Norton, given
me by Mr. B. Clark; and also from Peterborough, in
compact limestone, by favour of Mr. H. Jenkins.

CARDITA ? obtusa.
TAB. CXCVIL.---Fig. 2.

Spec. Cuar. Transversely obovate, recurved, gib-
bose, with from 7 to 10 longitudinal, nearly
equal, tuberculated ridges.

hess anterior side is largest, obtuse, and plain; the
slope above it is concave ; the length is but little less than
the width.

From the inferior Oolite, near Bath, and at Dundry,
both casts : it was brought me from the latter place by
Lady Wilson, whose zeal for collecting has seldom been

equalled.

220

CARDITA? lirata.
TAB CXCVILI.--- Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuan. Transversely oblong, gibbose, with
9 or 10 longitudinal tuberculated ridges ; the
ridge separating the posterior side is much the
highest.

Tue posterior side is well defined by a large ridge ; it is
convex, and has two or three tuberculated ridges pass-
ing over it; the anterior side is not so plain as in either
of the other species upon this plate; the length is twice
the width.

Occurs in the Lyas near Bath, from whence it was
sent me by the Rev. H. Steinhauer, and also in the Corn-
brash, as I learn from a mutilaied specimen. On the
Lyas specimen, part of the surface, formerly occupied by
the shell, is now covered with a coat of calcarious spar,
which shews that the shell was very thin.

CARDITA ? deltoidea.
TAB. CXCVII.---Fig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Very gibbose, obtusely triangular,
with 8 or 9 longitudinal rugged ridges ; ante-
rior side pointed.

Tue ridges are largest near the posterior part; they
are very irregularly tuberculated: the beaks being promi-
nent, and the anterior side pointed, give the triangular
contour.

221

I have figured a specimen from Peterborough, cast in
blue Lyas, and encrusted with Pyrites. I have another
specimen in Cornbrash limestone, from Lechlade, in
Gloucestershire. I have also a specimen nearly resem-
bling it, but which may hereafter prove to be a distinct
species, as it is flatter upon the posterior side, and is
wider ; it is in a ferruginous sandy limestone, from Kel-
loways Bridge; a portion of the shell remains upon it :
it is thick, andis pearly beneath the outer coat.

These four species of Cardita have been long known by
the appellation of Heart Cockles, and have been distin-
guished by their form, and the number of their ridges ;
both characters are liable to variation, but yet, the four
species above described, may readily be recognized : it
would have been fortunate had each been confined to a
separate stratum. It is impossible to be certain of the
Genus.

In Smith’s Stratigraphical System of organized fos-
sils mention is made of them under the generic name of
Cardium, first in the Cornbrash, on p- 65, he describes
the obtusa, and at letter c the lirata ; and refers to them as
the same that are found in the under Oolite, see p- 104.
The Cardita producta is refered by him to the Fuller’s
earth rock. Ihave seen ‘in Miss Benett’s hands a spe-

cimen of the C. producta, from the inferior Oolite near
Bayeux.

es Whe

i nage ri oS

im | ne
. oo
7

i bak eehe 4 a

Tt mivit’ eerty wi ‘a oh ful ” oe
Mala wld bo, auirvony 9 sabia Linea
pion oll dan: od oh age ak fitsa * eit) j

i ge
i bs ia | hao wir elldth Qh ta ali iyt god gas
i es is 1A ved ee an trek Roltag!? iver Fan ae
ae ic gee all te rane mis Fasnay seta yt ¢ byes me oD
ey dilhed9\ id aeginaiiny Op: oidail tidal 5
yi a P > hate oat od eli; ee stead ool eft rob
yoro a 4X

_ ee a ot Insandties isvod doe Wich oblate iat ay cia cor Vil ina

ti aH | i) uid) 190 od a? ol viaka, yet i u *ab shwsa é rie me *
ea . Amer) hie! mi

eae saihdiiee’ tos dthoy A Lucie ger mate: wf Olen at, ; 1
9 . ‘he Hay APH SD We! ines ade tiv ohairt et hada afin,
1S) east om ev mondvedirnsY ot wi eit sawilna
| SN ian 1 ob Wishes bin teil, nl} } Bahy ta’ we foto we ei
La ts ha) ¢ oon miloO rob i AAT int Boece, (yet i daa Scan ma

be eH RD ‘algn'eh” alt ah i. ye ait oe ui none wruvtal) ote aa),

on. ¥, “ange fi adncesthh “ ” pipiedy gel By 3 Ian nk dl i aban et |
i abik e \ foveal ahd Yo ann
runan! ; of al - tou 401 sohusi ‘ott wen Maite 4 i iy

; fey PORE Shaan

- , 7 t F ip
he | Bee < a ee ia
a ¢ , i bl
ao! ; 7 ae yy) ye ae
> 4 \
i T
= \ yj
. i i?
j *
; 4
iy
/
‘
, ‘ ' ri ’
ne
] a
ip ic &
ny
: é
é
“4
'
F
é ‘ '
brn , ‘

993
PHOLAS. Linn.

Gen. Cuar. A transverse bivalve, gaping at both
extremities, with one or more accessory valves
upon the back ; no shelly tube.

Orxx or more accessory valves, an elongated tooth
within each beak, and a more or less muricated surface,
are characters that belong to a family of shells, the ani-
mals of which bore holes in stone or wood for protection:

the Pholas of Linneus is the head of it: his 'Teredo also
belongs to it: the first is extremely scarce in a fossil
state, the latter very abundant: they are both confined
to the newer strata. ‘The recent Pholades may probably
be divided into several genera, characterized by the form
of the valves, or number of accessory plates: the shelly
tube will always distinguish the Teredo.

PHOLAS cylindricus.
TAB. CXCVIII.

Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely elongated, nearly cylin-
drical ; posterior sides muricated, pointed, with
a sinus in the edge; beaks concealed by a re-
flexion of the edges of the back.

Tae general form of this is a slightly compressed cy-
linder: the valves are transversely striated, and have
many longitudinal elevations ; where these cross on the
posterior half, are formed many sharp flat spines, but the
other side is nearly smooth ; accessory valves have not
been met with, but from the analogy it bears to P. parva,
it should seem to be furnished only with one. It differs

224

from P. parva in its greater width, and the less degree
of curvature of the posterior sinus ; it is also smoother,
and in some respects resembles P. candida.

The P. Campechiensis, referred to by Parkinson, at
p- 198, Vol. ILI. is probably distinct.

I am indebted to Mr. Parkinson for the use of the spe-
cimens of this tender shell, found, rarely perfect, in
Crag.

225

MUREX rugosus, var. (¢.).
TAB. CXCIX—Figs. 1 and 2.

Spec. Cuar. Elongated, subfusiform, transversely
and uniformly striated ; spire pointed, with
about 12 longitudinal costz ; volutions ventri-
cose ; beak short, open.

Syn. Murex rugosus. Parkinson, III. 64. t. 5.

f. 16.

A nove twice as long as wide: in this variety the last
whorl is nearly free from coste or undulations, it is
drawn out into a short straight beak ; the outer lip is
thickened, but appears to have no striz within its edge ;
aperture elliptical.

The larger specimen (fig. 1) is in Mr. Parkinson’s col-
lection ; itis from the Crag, near Malden: the smaller
one (fig. 2) I picked up at Plumstead from among sandy
gravel.

MUREX costellifer.
TAB. CXCIX.--- Fig. 3.

Spec. Cuar. Subturrited, transversely striated,
longitudinally costated ; whorls rather ventri-
cose ; aperture ovate, expanded towards the
beak ; beak very short, spreading ; cost nu-
merous, slender.

Taurre are about 18 coste or undulations around the
spire: the striz are sharp and numerous: the aperture
is about as long as the shell is wide, that is, a little more

of a |

226

than a third of its length: the slightly expanded lip is
characteristic, it is entire.

A Crag shell from Malden, in Mr. Parkinson’s col-
lection.

MUREX echinatus.
TAB. CXCIX.---Fig. 4.

Spec. Cuar. Turrited; whorls round, reticulated,
with acute tubercles upon the angles of the
meshes ; outer lip striated within ; beak short.

Syn. Murex echinatus. Brocchi, 2, 423. ¢#. 8.

Tue reticulated surface is produced by a number of
longitudinal sharp ridges, crossed by transverse chords
placed at about the same distance from each other, and
equally elevated with the ridges; at the points of their
intersection they are raised into short angular spines ;
the whorls are very round, the last one suddenly
drawn out into the beak, which, though not long, ap-
pears to be more taper in the individuals before us than
in those Brocchi described. The lip is thickened and
furrowed internally. Length three times the width.

These specimens, which are smaller than the Italian
ones, are from the Crag at Malden; they are in Mr.
Parkinson’s cabinet. It is remarkable that the columella
is wanted, or eaten out, a circumstance I have observed
in some recent shells.

227

MUREX curtus.
TAB. CXCIX.---Fig. 5.

Spec, Cuar. Ovate, pointed, subventricose, lon-
gitudinally ribbed, transversely striated ; aper-
ture oval; beak short, recurved ; whorls inter-
nally striated with elevated lines.

A sour twice as long as wide, with 12 rounded undu-
lations or coste upon each whorl; the strie are sharp
and rather distant, they are stronger upon the base; the
beak is a little curved and open; the substance is thin,
therefore the cost appear as concave undulations within
the whorl.

An interesting unique shell from the blue clay of High-
gate Hill.

MUREX gradatus.
TAB. CXCIX.--- Fig. 6.

Spec. Cuar. Ventricose, longitudinally ribbed,
transversely striated ; spire short, acute ; coste
varicose above; aperture oval, with a short
expanded beak.

Tae enlargement of the coste, which are about 10 in
each round, produces a square appearance on the upper
parts of the whorls, which seem to rise above each other
like steps: the spire is small, and almost slender enough
to be called mucronate. Width about two-thirds the
length: the inner lip is smooth.

From Plumstead. I believe rare, as I have seen but

one.

iv6 7 Ae
7 i
‘ Pal 4 ¢. :

‘ ee

ef sondtetadye oat taaoqo b bat x sii a ot

Bees Y Hodsitte wllart .
aay ant a ee
(YO ARE e ol x4

ae Mt : 1 oy :

a ) si i nr one: ani) me hes ong

bas ; ye fe: a ai

B ise } a:

. "y y “aidtiw ‘antoitaluban arajaon ° “ea tho aqqe, mbeoo adh wnat

me ay eu i PES MEG WT Cats -y- at

as van wage aioe fait Gai snide

\ ’ .7
: a

ast fi an . i" epee 1 RARUM
Ta 0 aXhy-.KI9Z9. AAT a ae a

edie! ait LahaaibabN ean hina
ee an woe ‘icity Sti stele Haars vata. ai
Howl ‘ elit fave ili? ssvoda? sadattag Me
spear LAN REE Raat UN ANSE Babine xi aK

uN | ae ne ra gay’ gonad, ea rc uaaree
ee iupieeks pony sikh Yue alanine vie
wate oath ‘bs oon TARO gine se a pvnebong phaware daw * | re |
| 1Sdi0 dona Seed’ odie OF Wien, hier | wbvawnldendlairdor aang, « ’
alos solwale teonn Webi vera et nhs Gah Tease adil. i
- odt wbgidaowT piuda bie Minderwteee batten Maan
is wali ypdel®, Tae io iG piyrltooand a qt white) oft a
‘Sil aged oad Bam) onde ovoitnd ® /dbaptetatie te ater
4 a inh 4, ng Pay ous - nereNHE NOD i deaoe ' é'

’ P
aot eared eholik. ‘
; 1
} &
‘4 ee
hl ‘
ide “

229

AMMONITES Banksii.
TAB. CC:

Spec. Cuar. Discoid, very thick; inner turns ex-
posed; sides concave, largely tuberculated ;
front fluted, slightly convex; aperture trans-
verse, almost three times as long as wide.

A. very bold formed shell; the narrow sides of the
whorls are much relieved from each other, they are con-
vex, and occupied by about 10 large obtuse tubercles :
the great width of the convex margin, which is obtusely
fluted, gives the whole a very massive appearance. There
are about five turns, the last but one is in diameter equal
to the thickness of the whole.

In a valuable packet of fossils belonging to the inferior
Oolite, sent by some disinterested friend at present un-
known to me, from the west of England, was the pon-
derous mass represented in this plate; it contains the
ferruginous grains peculiar to that rock, with Belemnites,
fragments of other shells, and also a piece of wood,
changed almost into charcoal. I hope my friend will
make himself known, and communicate the locality.

I have indulged my feelings of esteem and friendship,
by giving this magnificent Ammonite the name of that
staunch supporter of science in general, and of natural
history in particular, who has presided so long and so
ably over the Royal Society.

aie AY re Beni .
a oral ' th aire onl ' ee, oe 80
4 + hatali wd yloyral ,otaxdoy aobie re
i nq 2a nKdd, Ydtgit Baiuld Srdrt:
Nohiw as shaiist ad wamttit: Nana plata kia i a €

ahah areininn tt igi

7 a ' N, mA Wie Hej | ee Beha var yr tA & " rr P yy: iy } P Bia
; sit ie Thien Wattod ali “dda! fate
- _=Hoe (bm vou! , sodso tone inoit havoifet dower stm a

aa dati? senda 3%" sat OF: is pads “ad hi siqitoso., fan 7
i ‘iteauade nt deity (algun wovicon Hebb 3 oy bien te -_

nN y
a
tare

wrod'P. sogesanqge avidenin Gry 4 afd uly wig, fe ; a!
Hauge var casi ins oy », tad, vast 9 rd aati? avi soo de a Ny
lady ‘out Yo vaso silt ot tin

i ois ‘it Ps dt yaiuiul: ad dileas Yo Hs Aone aldautavn' te 1

1a as feradieney Je btoit hotaventalety vaca yd treme onile se 7
“eh > Hoe at ahve, Haale Te! Ye Jeo gid? nth oh a ‘ ond

\ ; anit dena og, ti padalq eid} «i bala: Bosca od waar ™

ue Pa apenas ott iin 907 edd of us ilueeq auiarg anronig a

1H ‘boow 10 ‘oaiq. a ala han ‘allo site to atasetee |

4 “iw hee sith | yan sqad Ee, Mosul otti Jagr. basa h

CS pied f sith atnolnidadenoct hue cemagoa Hamad salqcm
‘qidaba: rth bates inaedaar 1a) sda aie ene haaiubal ‘ A

dod to sevode ail) adisne meni dy - inamdlar gon aida’
if ae ‘tor To. baa tn mie 19g), aid onmeitnn Yd maou ior

Pe see oer Duss ‘inet aa ba viaany aah ee sralisibnady ab y
" . {toi ives onl 17 J
a . ; 1 ‘ 5

: ies ‘

231

AMMONITES Blagdeni.
TAB. CCI.

Spec. Car. Subcylindrical, obtusely fluted, um-
bilicate ; umbilicus reaching to the margin,
conical, with large radii terminating upon the
edge in a tubercle ; aperture transverse, qua-

drangular, three times as wide as long.

Tax umbilicus is deep; it occupies the whole side; the
tubercles round its edges, about 22 in each turn, are ob-
tuse in the cast of the inside, but where there are some
remains of the outer surface they appear to be spiniform,
there are four or five furrows on the front to each; the
front is very slightly convex.

A massive specimen from the lower Oolite, containing
Belemnites, other Ammonites, &c.: it was given me by
my lamented friend, Dr. J. C. Lettsom. I have named
it after the highly discerning, meritorious, yet most un-
assuming Sir Charles Blagden. The analogy between
this and the preceding, may remind conchologists of the
long cordial friendship, subsisting between Sir Charles
and Sir Joseph Banks.

oe as ‘ ae.
me s “gi oeneen visite, é |

| re guiisniavis) liber -agrtl ivr o
i | aig Pecovacent ouraqe ; slvods) Phebe
i ys hee: Ma race ridlaniela opt oy’

i e be ye wie

a pir reas :qiiB of a6
‘for anw said Wien ak SY sida eas Ui dbo
asm eta aad Syndhwe deed atlieat silt Yo: feso ont perl

| etedtiniga sda inagae pdt anatrie env wit Yo ‘wt
edt aig a ica lhe hid bia reat ott Ona”
Oo) artnor (fitgife yer

siiidined stitoey nsviol add ator? aires aidan

; ydiom avin daw it o8 Botieroune ls suiller , toloet
| | fhe extant, red moartod Ae AS daa Biota guar |
bw tno tye, eattabiodivse gieiinatly Voight si san tv a e

; —oomntod olan ai? Hob anleataRl) 12" |

-* | ottt to! steijolodoao tuiitioy Yeo ‘aaitbvove act St .
eave i Lats ad aes ei oy 7

d ]
3
ye
= ye
Sh
} f ie
’ 1
, '
/ 4 y
i
\ : F a
j , *. 4 oy ¢
:
y ed
; i gl ieee
a a eae
i \ eed
: 7 grat "
oh aves 5 i i
Ly he m4 i? 2

233

AMMONITES Brocchii.
TAB. CCII.

Spec. Cuar. Compressed; sides hollow, radiated ;
inner whorls half concealed; front circular,

with many obtuse ridges ; aperture lunate.

Sai omen”

V otvtions three or four, very round ; twenty radii ex -
tend nearly half over them, the rest of their surface is
covered by nearly six times as many obtuse, arched, not
very prominent ridges. Were the hollow sides consi-
dered as umbilicate, the umbilicus would be conical but
would have no defined edge ; the aperture is lunate, in-
clining to transversely elliptical. Thickness half the dia-
meter. The septa are remarkably numerous, and finely
sinuated.

From the same friend, and probably from the same
place, although of a greyer colour, as A. Banksii, I
received the large specimen; it seems to have been ex-
posed to the weather. |

The small specimen is from Dundry, by favour of
G. W. Braikenridge, Esq.

The name is to commemorate the author of a recent

valuable work upon the fossil shells of his own country.

aya Wit raih Aan ee ran

ey eee

i, wey \S te ir. Ren

| my ih .e0 f ‘
a
® ; i) a

qa" sila bah ie
Lili ny i‘?

hw abil cae chains paneer
et oonionva oe on ng
“$i beater ouside yaact aa comitzie yaa ed |
Os PUR oa avghh teenage
tnd teainoo of bivaw, emoiticimar odt steotfidaus ae
“ni aonoul ob antiiope ade ¢ aghe baniiah am svail biliewe
op -oif af Mad, aeoadaiild Apaitgiily pauls,
soa Aan aime ii a
yi8 aad nov gldadony, bua. dale aonb ge mora
bien A eo ciuolag wyng 2 Yo dyvodile onal
“ad ms oval at acngae Sf are wavel oil) havivgor 7 ‘

nM cindtioger at ob banog
te eso vont aes Sa i

We]
‘

VENUS lentiformis.
Cytherea, Lam.
TAB. CCIII.

Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, depressed, with concen-
tric, reflected, minute, imbricated, ridges ;
anterior slope depressed, terminated by an
angle in the margin.

Syn. Venus exoleta. Parkinson IIT. 189.

A. suett that at first sight might be taken for the Venus
exoleta, from which it is distinguished by the flat space
upon the anterior slope, and the angle upon the margin.
The striz are few and much elevated near the anterior
slope, but soon are doubled, or even trebled, as they pro-
ceed: upon comparison it is found to be thinner, flatter,
more closely striated, and rounder on the posterior side.
The lunette is also more pointed with straight sides.
From the Crag of Essex and Suffolk, Mr. Parkinson’s

cabinet.

ne tie tell oth bodigaitely ei i daidoy mort alto)

bea Aiba ;
slit 10

‘jt us

far Zi
Cl iy pea ek HMA
- ‘ in ¥

Fed ont a nel hel as ni teil ‘nal ane: a

leiggyane oF saga of ga old bate, oqolé Ywitotue,oift wae ; ee f
7.

qoinwhitn ad} an90, bate@rale doom, hus wet cnt othe dB S ty ib a

Og yout #0 bafdind RA¥ 10 bafdiiob sre aoe ud eqale By ae
embialt ctonnistt ai of bawot # ti ‘noaiiaggo9 doggy ihase,
shia wwinateory al} ao isda haa <bababtte theo! oronr

seobie dibginae diive bolaiog aout, wale at stlonnf ol i , A
vvonnibe ak alate hain seal Yo wort) adi cient iis na

ae
‘ - ~ ‘7 4 ‘ <>
4 Tle A Bak boli’ Wh GaN ly’ #\y an
f | OF ie
enidag 24
3 | " ‘tee '% Tg =e
~ > y ¥ ef ' f : ne
r ; = a's % wt a
ib * y
; A gt akan g
fe) Vile
a yyy
\ } Pao t
s
- ‘
’ iy
A] rs y
if A
y 4
i r =e ,
ei A
i Gerad a
i vi y . j
Te) |e ve ) 4 rn
aa > 7 ‘pon

INDEX TO VOL. I.
hs 8

Pag Page.
Ammonites angulatus 107 f, 1 *9 Cerithium dubium... 14 f. 5 108
AUTICUSE sees: 134 75 funatum ... 128 64
Banksii ...... 200 ~ 229 faniculatum 147 f.1&2 107
Blagdeni...... 201 231 geminatum 127 f.2 63
Braikenridgii 184 187 giganteum 188 f.2 199
Brocchii...... 202 233 intermedium147 f. 3&4 107
Brongniarti A f.2 190 melanioides ib. f.6&7 109
IBrookt.).....- 190 203 pyramidale 127 f.1 61
Bueklandi ... 130 69| Chama digitata ...... 174 165
Calloviensis 104 3| Cirrus acutus ......... 141 f.1 93
communis... 107 7.2&3 10 nodosus......... ib. f. 2 94
Conybeari ... 131 70 plicatus: =... 1b? feed | ib.
constrictus... A f.1l 189|Cyclas cuneiformis 1627.2 &3 140
Duncani...... 157 129 deperdita?... ib. fil 139
excavatus ... 105 5 obovata ...... ib. f4,5, iat 140
fimbriatus ... 164 145
Gervillii...... A f.3 189|Gryphza dilatata ... 149 7 1 113
giganteus ... 126 55 dilatata B... ib. f.2 ib.
Greenoughi 132 71 incurva,,,.., 112 f.1&2 23
Henleyi...... 172 161 obliquata... 7b. f.3 24
Herveyi ...... 195 215 | Hamites armatus..,... 168 153
inflatus ...... 178 170 | Helix cirriformis...... 171 f.2 160
Loscombi .... 183 185 Gentie... See 145 101
monile ...... 117 35 globosus..,....... 170 157
Nutfieldiensis 108 ll Stratus), Cotscve: 171 f.1 159
obtusus ....., 167 151} Lima gibbosa ......... 152 120
plicatilis...... 166 149 | Lymnea fuciformis... 169 f.2&3 155
rostratus...... 173 163 minima...... ips f. 1 156
rusticus ...... 177 171 | Mactra arcuata ...... 160 f.1&6 135
splendens ... 103 ] cuneata ...... ib. f.7 136
Stokesi ...... 191 205 dublas.oiee. ib.f.2,3, ib
varians ...... 176 169 &4 F
vertebralis ... 165 147 ovalis......... ible ey Cae
Walcotii .:. 106 7 | Magas pumilus ...... 119 40
Astarte cuneata ...... 137 f. 2 82) Murex carinella ...... 187 f.3&4 196
elegans......... TD fon 14D. coniferus ...... ib. f.1 195
lineata ......... 179 f.1 174 costellifer ... 199 f.3 225
huridalcccccoe 1377 f. 1 ~~ Sl CULMS. c05. te: ib. f.5 227
obliquata...... 179 f.3 173 echinatus...... ib. f.4 226
planay Jes. -.5.6 ib. f.2 ib. fistulosus ...... 189 f.1&2 201
Auricula incrassata 163/.1,2, hus gradatus ...... 199 f.6 227
= 3 regularis ...... 187 f.2 195
simulata... 7b. f. 5&8 144 rugosus (8)... 199 f.1&2 225
turgida... ib. f.4 143 tubifer ... ..... 189/.3—8 201
Buccinum elongatum 110 f-1 15) etriatus B(carinatus)109 13
granulatum ib. f.4 —18|Nautilus Comptoni... 121 45
reticosum ib. Hi: 2 M7 elegans : ae 116 33
rugosum... ib, f.3 16 intermedius 120 o3
Cardita deltoidea ... 197 f.4 220 obesus ...... 124. 51
lipateayewadssace 1D shard, jatOs simplex...... 122 47
obtusa ~..... ib. ihe 2 219 sinuatus EH 194 213
producta ... ib. f.1 ib, striatus...... 182 183
tuberculata 143 o7 truncatus ... 123 49
Cardium proboscideum156 f. 1 127 | Nucula Cobboldia... 180 f.2. 177
semigranulatum 144 99 levigata ...... 192 f.1&2 207
umbonatum ... Meri baa lanceolata ... 180 f. 1 178
& 4f~ minima . 192 f.8&9 209
Cascis bicatenatus ... 151 117 pectinata...... ib. f.6&7 ib.
Cerithium Sepueenie i Fy 197 similis........ ib.f.3,4, ; 207
a ari &4 & 10

INDEX TO VOL. Il.

Tab. Page. Tab. Pages
Nucula trigona ...... 192 f.5 208}Pleurotoma rostrata 146 f.3 104
Orthoceraannulata... 133 73 | —— semicolon ib. f.6 106
Ostrea accuminata.,, 135 f.2&3 78] Sanguinoaria asi | 159 133
canaliculata ib. f.1 77 lowaysii
deltoidea .., 148 111] Spirifer cuspidatus... 42
gregarea...... 111 f.1&3 19} Tellina obliqua ..... 16h f-1 7
palmetta ... 111 f. 2 20 obtusa ..... earl FO 7. 4 7S
Patella equalis ...... 139 f. 2 87 ovata ......... 161 f.2 138
ee vists..qcbsiens ib. f.3&4 86] Terebratula acuta ... 150 f.:1&2115
latissima ..... . ib f. 1&5 85 TOYA ...200-+6 138 f.2 83
rugosa ...,..... ib. f.6 87 octo-plicata 118 f.2 37
URE WIS a5 25055 ib. f.7&8 88 pectita...... 138 f.1 83
Pecten Beaveri ...... 158 13] plicatilis ... 118 f.1 37
equivalvis ... 136 f. 1 8395 resupinata.. 150 /.3&4 116
fibrosus ...... ib. f. 2 S4BQ Wilsoni ... LIS f.3 38
orbicularis ... 186 193} Trochus abbreyiatus 193 f.5 212
Phasianella angulosa 175 f.2 168 anglicus ... 142 95
mOAyMita |s.-9 tO ei) ABs concavus... 181 f.3 1806
orbicularis ib. fe L 167 dimidiatus ib. f.4 181
Pholas cylindricus... 198 223 duplicatus. ib. f. ‘ ib.
Plagiostoma car- elongatus . 193/.2.
dhiformis a 8 3 ee ; 7 & vic .
obseura...... 114 f.2 28 levigatus... 181 ; LES
ovalis ...... IDiofi dys NOT punctatus... 193 f.1 211
pectinoides #b. f.4 28 similis ...... 181 f.2 179
punctata ... 113, f.1&2 25] Unio crassissimus ... 153 121
rigida ...... Wasi = 27 crassiusculus... 185 191
Planorbis cylindricus 140 f.2 90 hybridus......... 154 f.2 124
equalis ...... 1b. f. 1.89 Pisteri!.2..2... 5 bh Ot ae
enomphalus 4b./.7,8, a: 92 &4
& 9 Venus gibbosa ...... 155 f.3&4 126
hemistoma., ib. f.6 91 incrassata...... ib. f. 1&2 ibd.
AEDST oss oc: ib. f.4 ib. lentiformis..... 203 235
obtusus ...... ADs. os! | MAb. TuSstiGa, <5,..6-52 196 217
radiatus...... ib. f.5 92] Voluta ambigua, var. 115 f.5 31
Pleurotomaacuminatal46 f. 4 105 Lambertti...... 129 65
attenuata ib. f.1 103 luctator ...... 115 f.1 29
colon...... ib. f.7&8 106 SPinosa , ..evers ib. f.2&4 30
comma... ib. f.5 105 spinosa 8 ... ib. f.3 ib.
exorta ... 146 f.2 104
CORRIGENDA.

Page 13, line 3, for “ «” read B.
42, line 10, add TAB. CXX.
61, “ CERITHIUM pyramidalis” read CERITHIUM pyra-
midale.
Pages 77, 79, and 81 to 88 descriptive of tabs. 133 to 138 read
73, 75 and77 to 84.
Page 88, line 14, add and 8.

95, «“ TROCHUS similus” read TROCHUS anglicus; sonamed
to distinguish it from a French shell extremely like it, and to
avoid a repetition of the name similis.

124, “ UNIO hybrida” read UNIO hybridus.

126, line 27, dele “ and 4.”

129, last line, “ Neotts”? read Neots.

179, line 2, “ Fig. 2” read Fig. 1.

201, line 7 from the bottom “‘ CKXXIX”’ read CLXXXIX.

Iam informed by Miss Benett that it is the Chalk marl, and not the

lower or hard Chalk that is characterized by the AMMONITES varians,
Tab. 176; it has, however, been found in the hard Chalk, see page 169.

ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES TO SHELLS
DESCRIBED IN VOLS, I. AND II.

For the following localities I am indebted to Mr.
Holloway. I trust that I shall be enabled to extend
a list so important to Geologists, at some future
period.

Cardium Plumsteadiense, Tab. 14, fragments are found at
Stubbington.

Cassis carinatus, Tab. 6, Stubbington.

Dentalium cylindricum, Tab. 79, Sand pits, Emsworth
Common.

Dentalium entalis, Tab. 70, Stubbington, filled with pyrites.

Fusus longevus, Tab. 63, ditto, small.

Melania sulcata, Tab. 39, Bricklesham Bay, Sussex.

Natica depressa, Tub. 5, East Cowes, Isle of Wight.

Pecten quinquecostata, Tab. 56, Emsworth, in Flint.

Pectunculus costatus, Tab. 27, Stubbington, worn.

Rostellaria? lucida, Tab. 91, ditto.

Scalaria acuta, Tab. 16, ditto.

Trochus Benettie, Tab. 98, ditto.

Turritella conoidea, Tab. 51, Bricklesham Bay.

Venericardia planicosta, Tab. 50, Stubbington.

Voluta spinosa, Tub. 115, ditto.

The Chama digitata, Tab. 174, has been found by Prof.
Hailstone, at Huntcliffe, near Redcar, N. of Whitby, Yorkshire.

my! i Chan.

i ” tne,

“ ph Pa gine

ae pe ; A iheny me a eet ree Hers ah

; ee: a ae a si.s aah, TALON “A siaioa ; |
ine han ie :

ug i) oe 4
| * , a iy ti hs : te ehh ; yi Me i

i) ae

is aM ot baidabai. ng i eee it odd te f
Sete. of holes od Wade T sess bur T " “sutwllal

ou) tut qunda 3° 2 atigolea® “ad inate

anti yeni +e ; ak en

: i f ra, phy ‘¢ ‘ uy lt Nada ae aa? 2% F
Me a: # anit; » vin) a fougei anit f, OND senaibiisteevat anita’

Se Ry ay? a ai yeriinn, 46003 Hi (G12

i ' . sos ge iddota 2 Ai} enlaces eluaa),
‘Ato weni’ tig -bae® 22) ..d0k enuainhajlye coviloran t
My ig sided . Oh aa yee FOr ig
aotineg a iw hall ustony aiddmin OF wd : ailasae” Peasy |
2 Nat * deta oni £8 By . erigeguol euet it 4
VO Woe Rae alk rade torth 08 ANY ad vali sical |
‘ he ddpiW 6 aie shod tas 2 oh)
ve it, ob dro ween DOE AD alls
NN es a” elk TO NE pohucideliste Dine bw va ‘eolasnns © ‘)
} ONE TN hee a sony LG AS Teh ont F Tettalistot
na eb: Ns ns hn Ho han Ohh - O4,.dnk ‘sic ghealnstiyi,
ih one woutih 2 Sat, Bien sf autioon ay
wt a : (ae ont artaaldristl £5, ant ot! abionen silaiviatt

2 eR

f rolgadduie 00 dah shosiaglg sibisvimas
As i ba. 9) (01 BLT AWY eonige stuloY |”
ty CAAT yd but caved wad BEL dnl Alasig wif siged). ofT.
3 atitledio ¥ OY To Mi edhe tea oi ioiaplt, ie 2th! ali
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its wee ALT OL
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240
A SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. II.

Arranging the Shells described therein according
to the several Strata in which they were found
imbedded, from the newest towards the oldest
in the British Serves.

Twsreap of any prefatory remarks of my own, I will

insert the following Letter, received from my kind friend

Mr. Farey, viz.

Sir,
highly respectable Correspondents and Readers, for my

I beg to apologize to your numerous and

delay in furnishing the Stratigraphical Index, sent here-
with. I had foreseen, since the perusal of my friend Mr.
Smith’s “ Stratigraphical System,” Part i. and the three
first numbers of his “ Strata Identified,” that a great
deal of care and pains were necessary, (for which I could
not until lately spare the time,) in collating these works
of his, with the whole of the stratigraphical information
contained in all your published numbers of “ Mineral
Conchology,” before Indexes, at all satisfactory, could
be made out, for you and Mr. 'Pilloch, such as I had
imperfectly done at the conclusion of your first volume,
in September, 1815.

I was in hopes, that by some delay, my labour in
hunting through maps for the situations of a considerable
portion of the places mentioned in your’s and Mr. Smith’s
works, might ere this have been greatly shortened, by a
reference to the manuscript Index which my valued
friend, the able and indefatigable Mr. Arrowsmith, of
Soho Square, has for near two years been preparing ;
and which is intended to contain every Name, of towns,
villages, farms and cottages, mills, mines, collieries and
quarries, rivers, streams, and water-falls, bays, head-
lands, cliffs, and light-houses, mountains, hills and val-
leys, parks, forests and woods, &e. &e.; torether with
the district names, &c. which are to be found, not only

24) SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL, II.

in his own large and unparalleled Map of England and
Wales, but also in all the largest county maps, local
maps of canals, roads, mining districts, &c. &c. which
either his own large collection contains, or to which he
can have access, through the kindness of the friends of
science: unfortunately, however, for me, this great Index
io Localities, although all the names from printed maps
were collected out, (and ascertained by bearings and
distances,) and it is now rapidly proceeding towards its
final revision and completion, it has not been in a state
for me to consult it, as otherwise the kindness and libe-
rality of Mr. A. would have permitted, prior to its
publication, which now will soon take place, with the
addition of the population, and a blank column for future
eorrections and additions, and to enable this volume to
be made by scientific, curious, or travelling persons, into
an Universal Index to Localities in South Britain!

In my Stratigraphical Index to Vol. I., I took the
liberty of placing 33 notes of interrogation (?, see Phil.
Mag. Vol. XLVI. p. 212, note,) after as many species
of shells, which had (by the places mentioned in that
volume) been referred to other strata, besides that parti-
cular stratum, in which I concluded, from your descrip-
tions, that the specimen drawn and actually described,
had been found entombed. I could not hope, at the
time of making these first stratigraphical arrangements
of the shells and localities which you had described and
mentioned, that I could escape errors: I regret, however,
to find, now that further information is afforded, that
they are so numerous as I find them to be; and more
so, that the means do not at present exist of correcting
many errors, which doubtless yet must remain, in that
and the present Supplementary Index, after all that-I
can at present do; or, until your kind and generous
friends and contributors send you up, either as gifts or

SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. IT. FAD

loans, a far greater number of individual shells, diversified
as much as possible as to their localities, and not forgetting
in any instances to name and precisely describe these localities;
without which additions, fossil shells are of no real value
for improving the present infant state of geological
knowledge.

In the extended comparison of shells, named by you or
Mr. Smith, with their places and strata, to which I have
already alluded, [ have been concerned to find, according
to the best opinion I can form, from the local facts men-
tioned by you and Mr. Smith regarding them, and what
I know of the ranges of the several strata, and of the
distribution of fossil shells in their peculiar beds, from
the experience I have gained in such quarries, banks,
pits, canals, wells, &c. which produce them, almost
throughout Great Britain, that no less than 104 of the
shells (including some varieties) already named or
described in the three works mentioned, should, for
useful geological purposes, be made to form 279 species,
each with its own compound name ; or at least, that these
279 shells of as many distinct beds* of the strata (excepting
here any errors in the recorded facts) should be distin-
guished, by the usual addition of Greek letters, as distinct
varieties. 'This latter plan I have adopted in the Strati-
graphical Index to Vol. If. instead of merely adding ?’s,
as I did in the former Index ; and for the information of
your Readers hereon, I beg the favour of you to insert
as follows, the names of all the described shells, Xe.
which as far as I can yet judge, require these marks, to
distinguish the varieties of different strata, viz.

* It may be proper to keep in view, that I mean by this term, (as
all practical men do) the thinnest natural divisions of Strata; and not
in any case thick masses, or whole mountains, although of one mineral
species, as some writers imply by its use.

243

Varieties

or
Species ?
Ammonrres Calloviensis............ 2
COMMUNIS.....03...2..0¢ 4
CONCAVUS sre scars sss cos: 2
elegans) 2. aginst meena 2
Clip tICUS evescehs--" seis 2
FIerve gitciccace.esaeees 2
MOGIOlATIS st scce-ee oo 2
Nutfieldiensis ......... 2
planicosta: .05/.004.-2<. 3
splendens .......e0-..00+ 2
BERIAUUS Hs sectycc cee cecclee 2
tuberculatus........0.+. 2
MVALCOUI css cote sees 5
Sape cher (SS p. 55, &e.) 2
ee... Me
nO Bay (111) 2
IAStaYSe ON Abas. pe pa dinsaenenetnce 4
Aw icila COStata |..-- ccecccesscsenn 7
Cardita? deltoidea....... eres ue 2
Iaralia crestareosaciase ater ose 2
Obtusal Lj): Boies oe Ak 2
producta..... aan DNECSCS 3
Cerithium cornucopie ............ 2
melanioides....... fe: 32,
Chama rdieitatava st c.s secs o<ctaccsqas 2
ARN nated eaten . (45) 2
Cidaris gi ciLeipt Ae, Baud tain senc> 2
eye pd pc were pares eee 1 e-
Ris Sep acne shrat PeEOS ee ..(33) 3
Roe Sear oes onr OCeabeaodec (53) 2
NOE. SH radian o. Sete ode . (69) 3
Clavicula cucumerina...... aes arc 2
Clypeus sinuatus ............. weeeee 2
Eades sesene(54) 5
(Obert KRIS Seapaeemedo ocdanncce (70) 3
Ellipsolites fumatus................ i
Euomptalus catillus ............. ae
Gryphea dilatata......... ceeseeeees sl
AU CUT VARESE) hal cedeese nee
eee EN The
1 IG) vb saantnbaadonot Ate ART. ACEO) 2
Weimar e bbOsaces. sb ccscentessasea saab he
Mactra gibbosa...,,..0....0-.-.- 2
PBrebo BORD ECE CECH ee (ON) 2
Madrepora AeKUOSA? ccusseserent oe 3
POFPICES. eel .eevstocee’ DD
Melania Heddingtonensis. eae naa
Strlatancorsecesisecdsvevevese 1O
Wodiolalbipantitay.:.ccc.«cnse<casine
GEPLesSaiectccresenescssncss ace
Cetera seeatecs seeeeee(64) 3
Mutexslatugi cise... oss: dtedtievedel veer

SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL, II.

Varieties

or
piers

Murexiain goss. iiiv. 4.5. iv aeeaeeene
Miv.aci an ietehc aint adae eg see (92) 3
Natica glaucinoides.................. 2
Nautilus intermedius ....... isied aes 2
WINGACOSE.. sncees doscakeos 2
Ostrea acuminata ....c.cceccecseres 4
etista-alll’ .....cdon. @ asec A
Gejtoldea:,.;ssceer<teceenetes 5
CANT UE Cer: Wanna an a Popo ac 2
AVE DGS INNA ca: ip cateiaisie dara saw ose OMe
THE OSA Se tds 6 a0 web edadaes oackd 2
Patella latissima:.¢ uf... .ce de. .dane
ReCten ATCURtUG! -occcccet a Mereronere 2
fibrosussicces..t0- a fhe Sed Seay
quinquecostatus.........0. a
ee SAA Som A RN A eS (73) 2
Perna aviculoides.s,, ov: .0-4sacestee 2
Plagiostoma gigantea............... 3
Spinosa ..........0.2- 3
Yai 2d aise biaiplets hacen (8) 2
Planorbis euomphalus .......... sere
Pleurotoma rostrata........... sence 2
Productus aculeatus ............005 2
Rostellaria. tcp Seen (58) 2
Scaphites obliquus............-0p.-- 2
Serpullaverassa tit: ptc.c sacs... isueeees 3
Necab abana ita ces Baacatee (41) 2
Spatangus subglobosus?........... 2
Coo Fis ths veesdea date o-63(20)::2
Terebratula biplicatay cs: cca (3) 2
GATNEA Seek bh bees 2
Crumena,..jacss-eeeeeo
digona.,....... SOIT.
intermedia ........ ez 4
latevalisin.:cccssestacsaes 2
obsoletal'\. <i) sii ites 8
ornithocephala ...... 5
Subrotupda .s....cssc 3
subundata ............ 2
Trigonia clavellata.......... ee ciaaesss 7
Gostatay.. dhe ee.. $..76
curvirostra ..... AS legac 2
MIPOCDUS cect deco css eserececceees (41) 2
DODD Oss seer a4. vopiase ecm sees apa(41) 2
Tarrilites:costatuss.: .csccasesiseenee ae
Turritella conoidea, ........ce.c.000 2
MINTO ACU EUS 27. estes onccussnsectucss 2
WISteNl moceass eres BABE BcfoseA- 33
scpaneweceedecloses Bae . (89) 2
Venus equalis aabeneee Sefiseeaienauascies 2

(61)

5)
Vivipara AUViorUM. sve... oaees 12

SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. II. 244

Where dots are used in the above list, in the place of
the specific or trivial name, reference is intended, to these
species, which, although not named by Mr. Smith in his
Strat. Syst. are by his references therein, deseribed, as
being of the same species, in two or more strata; and in
parenthesis I have added, the first of his pages, in which _
each of such shells occur.

For an early number of the “ Philosophical Magazine,”
it is my intention to communicate to Mr. Tilloch, the
particulars of the strata and places, of each of the above
279 shells, with references to Min. Conch. and to Mr.
Smith’s two works on fossil shells; and I intend to ac-
company the same by a few general remarks, as to the
great use and importance of fossil shells, in untheoretical
and useful geology. I am extremely desirous of calling
the attention of your Readers, and of requesting them
to contribute all they can, in the way of additional speci-
mens, and more precise localities, &c.* from the former
and from new places of the shells in the above list,
particularly the Ammonites, Terebratula, Ostrea and
Gryphites, Cardita? Trigonia, Plagiostoma, Unio, Pec-
ten, &c.

I have prepared, and shall in a few days send to Mr.
Tilloch, (as I did on the conclusion of your first volume,)
a List of the Piaces, alphabetically arranged, and their
situations, from whence the shells described in Vol. II.
are mentioned to have been obtained, the stratum at each

* Where several species or varieties of shells occur in thesinking of any
particular quarry, well, pit, &c. or in the face of any cliff or bank, it
would be of vast importance to know, their relative places and heights
above each other; because this order will be found invariable, in different
places, after making allowance for those particular species, which were the
cotemporaries of one or more shorter lived species.

945 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. If.

place, as shewn by Mr. Smith’s ‘‘ Map of the Strata,”
published by Mr. Cary, (as correctly as the want of
bearings and distances, &c. in so many instances would
now permit of being done,) and the species and varieties
of shells at each place, with references to the plates and
figures in Min. Conch.

Conceiving your excellent work, to be contributing in
a very eminent degree to the solid advancement of
geological knowledge, I am very desirous to see it pro-
ceed more rapidly, by appearing Monthly ; and I hope,
not only that your present subscribers would approve
this change, but that many new subscribers from amongst
liberal and well-informed land-owners, and country
Gentlemen and Ladies, would be attracted, by such an
announcement of more speedy publicatioa.— Wishing
every success to your useful undertakings, for promoting
a more intimate acquaintance with the works of the
all-wise and beneficent Creator,

I remain,
Your obedient humble servant,

JOHN FAREY, Sen

37, Howland Street, Fitzroy Square,
26th September, 1818,

A SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO von. 1. 246

A Stratigraphical List of Srrara, SHEeLLs, and
Praces, by Mr. John Farey, Sen.

=e
ALLUVIA, Or moved ruins of Strata
Gryphea dilatata var ¢, tab 149, Pakefield Gravel] Pit
Patella latissima £, t 139, f 5, Pakefield ditto
Cowes Rocx of Limestone; or pretended fresh-water Formation! of
some Writers,
Helix globosus, t 170, Shalcomb ?
Lymnza fusiformis, t 169, f 2 and 3, Cowes
minima, t 169, f 1, Cowes
Phasianella angulosa, t 175, f 2, Shaleomb?
minuta, t 175, £3, ditto
orbicularis, t 175, f 1, ditto
Planorbis cylindricus, t 140, f 2, Cowes
euomphalus, «,t 140, f 7, ditto
lens, t 140, f 4, ditto
obtusus, t 140, f3, ditto

Lonpon Cray, upper part, with Ludus Helmontii (dun blue in Mr. Smith’s
Map.)
Auricula simulata, t 163, f 5to 8, Barton and Highgate
turgida, t 163, f4, Highgate
Cardium semigranulatum, t 144, Barton, Regent’s Park, and
[White Conduit House
Cerithium cornucopie a, t 188, f 1, 3, and 4, Stubbington (beach)
dubium, t 147, f5, Stubbington
funatum, t 128, Hordle, and Newhaven Castle-hill
geminatum, t 127, f 2, Barton
giganteum, t 188, f2, Stubbington, and Grignon
pyramydale, t 127, f 1, Barton, Hordle, and near
{Paris
Murex carinella, t 187, {3 and 4, Barton
coniferus, t 187, f 1, Highgate
curtus, t 199, f5, ditto
fistulosus, t 189, f 1 and 2, Barton
regularis, t 187, f 2, ditto
tubifer, t 189, f3 to 8, ditto, Grignon, and Highgate
Nucula minima, t 192, f 8 and 9, ditto, ditto
similis, t 192, f 3, 4, and 10, Barton, Highgate, and
{near Paris.
trigona, t 192, f 5, Barton
Pleurotoma acuminata, t 146, { 4, Highgate
attenuata, t 146, f 1, Stubbington
colon, t 146, f 7 and 8, Barton
comma, t 146, 75, Stubbington
exorta, t 146, f2, Barton
rostrata a, t 146, £3, ditto
semicolon, t 146, f6, Stubbington
Sanguinolaria Hollowaysii, t 159, Bracklesham Bay
Venus incrassata, t 155, f 1 and 2, Brockenhurst
Voluta ambigua (monstrosa) t 115, f5, Barton
juctator, t 115, f1, Barton, near Paris, and Richmond
[Well
spinosa «, t 115, f 2and4, Barton
—— 2, t 115, £3, Barton, near Paris, and Stubbington

QA47 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. I.

Crac Marl,* or soft Limestone, iu or on? the London Clay (light brown).
Astarte obliquata, t. 79, f 3, Holywell
plana, t 179, f 2, Bramerton, perhaps Alluvial?
Buccinum elongatum, t 110. f 1, Walton le Soken
granulatum, t 110, f 4, Holywell
relicusum, t 110, f 2, ditto
rugosum, t 110, f 3, ditto
Cassis bicatenatus, t 151, Bawdsey Cliff
’ Gryphea incurva f, t 112, f 2, at Birdbrook, Alluvial ?
Mactra arcuata, t 160, f 1 and 6, Holywell
cuneata, t 160, f 7, Bramerton
dubia, t 160, f 2to 4, Holywell and Woodbridge
‘ ovalis, t 160. f 5, Suffolk
Murex costellifer, t 199, f3, near Malden
echinatus, t 199, f 4, ditto
rugosus £, t 199, f 1, ditto
striatus « and B, t 109, Holywell! (I. p. 61)
Nautilus intermedius £, t 125, Birdbrook, and Culford Hall
Wucula Cobboldiz, t 180, f 2, Bramerton, Holywell, and
[Roydon Green
lanceolata, t 180, f 1, Bawdsey
levigata, t 192, f 1 and 2, Holywell, and Woodbridge
Patella equalis, t 189, f 2, Holywell
unguis, t 139, f 7 and 8, ditto
Pholas cyJindricus, t 198, Walton le Soken
Tellina obliqua, t 161, f 1, andm, Aldborough, Holywell, Nor-
» [folk, and Suffolk
obtusa, t 179, f 4, Bramerton, Roydon Green, and
[ Woodbridge
ovata, t 16], £2, Bramerton, Framlingham, and Suffolk
Trochus Jevigatus, t 181, f 1, Holywell
similis, t 181, f 2, ditto
Unio crassiusculus, t 185, Bawdsey Cliff
Listeri y, t 154, f 1, Roydon Green, and Suffolk
Venus gibbosa, t 155, f 3, in Suffolk
Jentiformis, t 203, Suffolk, and Walton, (Essex Cliff)
rustica, t 196, Hollesley
Voluta Lamberti, t 129, Aldborough, Bawdsey, Harwich, and
[Holywell

Lonpon Cray, lower part, with Woolwich Loam and chert nodules, Pot-
ter’s Clay, &c. (brown).

Cerithium funiculatum, t 147, f 1 and 2, Plumstead, (with cherts)
intermedium, t 147, f 3 and 4, Charlton

melanioides «, t 147, f 6 and 7, ditto, New Cross,

[ Newhaven, Castle hill, and Southfleet

Cyclas cuneiformis, t 162, f 2 and3, Charlton, New Cross, Plum-

[stead, and Wight Isle

deperdita ?, t 162, f 1, Charlton, near Paris, Plumstead,

[and Woolwich

obovata, t 162, f 4 to 6, Barton, Charlton, New Cross,

[and Flumstead

Gryphza dilatataa, t 149, f 1, Bennington, Coney Weston, and

[Suffolk

* In page 67 a sketch of the ‘‘ District of Crag Pits” is given, and the following places
mentioned, besides those already enumerated in these two volumes, as localities of the
Crag shells described, viz. Balstead, Brightwell, Foxhall, Melton, Shotisham, Sudbourn,
and Wherstead heath.

SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. II. 948

Lonvon Cray, &e.
Murex gradatus, t 199, f 6, Plumstead
rugosus y, t 199, £2, ditto
Ostrea deltoidea B, t 148, Lopham, and near Paris
Planorbis hemistoma, t 140, f 6, Plumstead

Cuax, upper, soft, flinty (green, mostly light),
Magas pumilus, t 119, Mundesley
Ostrea canaliculata, t 135, f 1, ditto
Terebratula octo-plicata, t 118, f 2, Lewes
plicatilis, t 118, f 1, Margate, and Northfleet

Cuatx, lower, hard, flintless, but containing fine silicious grains, and
Totternhoe, Ryegate or Fire Stone, (green, mostly deep).
Ammonites rusticus, t 177, Comb Pyne

Cuack Mart, loamy or earthy Chalk, with chalky hard beds, or Clunch,
red Cawk, &c. (white, No. 2.)
Ammonites rostratus, t 173, Roak
splendens a, t 103, f 1 and 2, Folkstone N E
varians, t 176, Hamsey, Plumpton, and Wilts
Cerithium melanioides 2, t 147, Hamsey
Cirrus plicatus, t 141, f3, Folkstone, N E
Hamites armatus, t 168, Roak, and Sussex
Nautilus Comptoni, t 12], Earl Stoke
elegans, t 116, Norton-Bavant and Ringmer
Nucula pectinata, t 192, f6 and 7, Dover SW, Folkstone NE,
[and Sussex
Patella levis, t 139, f 3, Folkstone NE
Pecten Beaveri, t 158, Childrey, and Hamsey

Green SAnp, chloritic, micaceous sometimes, loamy (sometimes yellow,
brown, or red) with Fuller’s Earth, and Sulphate of Barytes,
(white, No. 2.)

Ammonites auritus, t 134, Devizes in the Canal
inflatus, t 178, Under Cliff
monile, t 117, Sandgate
Nutfieldiensis a, t 108, Hythe, and Nutfield
Auricula incrassata, t 163, f 1 to 3, Blackdown
Cardita? tuberculata, t 143, Devizes in the Canal
~ Cardium proboscideum, t 156, f 1, Blackdown
umbonatum, t 156, f 2 to 4, ditto
Chama digitata «, t 174, Long-Comb Girts
Helix gentii, t 145, Devizes in the Canal
Nautilus simplex, t 122,“Boreham
Ostrea gregarea a, t 111, f 1, near Devizes
Pecten orbicularis, t 186, Devizes in the Canal
Flanorbis euomphalus y, t 140, £8, Haldon Hills
radiatus, t 140, f 5, ditto
Pleurotoma rostrata B, t 146, f 3, Devizes in the Canal
Terebratula Lyra, t 138, f2, Chute Farm
pectita t 138, £1, Horningsham

Brick Earru, or Blue Marl Clay, on Woburn Sand (blue green, No 3).
Ostrea acuminata @, t 135, £2, Withyham ?

249 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL, II.

Porttanp Rock, Aylesbury, Swindon, Purbeck, Kentish Rag, &c. Lime-

stone ; sometimes it has beds as white as Chalk, see pp. 58
and 59, (bright blue. )

Ammonites excavatus, t 105, Dry-Sandford, Marcham, and

t [Shotover Hill
giganteus a, t 126, Chicksgrove Quarry, Fonthill SE,
[and Purbeck

6, t 126, Chicksgrove Quarry
plicatilis, t 166, Dry-Sandford, and Marcham
vertebralis, t 165, ditto, ditto
Astarte cuneata, t 137, f 2, Chicksgrove Quarry, and Chilmark
Gryphza dilatata B, t 149, f 2, Adlington Hills?, Bromham
(Wilts), Portland Isle, Radipole, and Rude Cliff
Plagiostoma rigida, t 114, f 1, Shotover-Hill Quarry
Unio Listeri «, t 154, £3 and4, New Malton, and Seamer

Oax-TrEE Cray, of Thame, &c. hard, blue, with nodules of stoney Marl,
and with Selenites, and Pyritic Fossils, bitumenized Wood,
&c. Sussex Marble in its lower part? (blue. )
Astarte lineata, t 179, f 1, Headington Common
Ostrea deltoidea «, t 148, Cambridge N, and Headington Com-
{mon or Shotover Hill

Cord Rac, and Pisolite under it ; perhaps sometimes deges) in or on the
Woburn Sand? (orange.)
Ammonites splendens £, t 103, f 3, Westbrook
Ostrea gregarea £, t 111, f 3, ditto

Civxcu Cuay, with beds near its top of Chalk-like Clunch, or Dogger
Stone, on Alum Shale (dun purple. )
Ammonites Duncani, t 157, ‘St, Neots
Gryphea dilatata y, t 149, Bourn, Calne W, Ilminster S, Sand-
[foot Castle; and Woburn N
Ostrea deltoidea y, t 148, Sandfoot Castle
palmetta, t 11], f2, Marston Field
Patella latissima a, t 139, f1 Bolingbroke

Aum Snare of Whitby, &c, imbedding Cement Balls, Jet, &c.
Ammonites angulatus, t 107, f 1, Lyth, near Whitby
communis a, t 107, 2 and 3, near Whitby
Walcotii B, t 106, ditto
Patella levis, t 139, f 4, ditto

Kextoway Srone, at Staiths, &c. with blue hard Cores, under Selenitic
Clay (deep purple. )
Ammonites Calloviensis 2, t 104, Kelloway’s Bridge
Cardita? deltoidea B, t 197, f 4, ditto
Chama digitata B, t 174, Hunteliffe
Gryphea incutva y t 112, f 2? Chatley
Pecten fibrosus y, t 136, Kelloway’s Bridge
Plagiostoma obscura, t 114, f 2, ditto

Cornsrash, or Bedford Limestone (brown. )
Ammonites Herveyia, t 195, u, near Aswarby (not Spalden)
Cardita? deltoidea 2, t 197, £4, Lechlade N, and Peterborough
lirata ZB, t 197, £3
producta f, t, 197, £1, Paterborough
Pecten fibrosus a, «136, £2, Chatley

SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL. II. 250

Forest Marsre (of Whichwood) Stunsfield and Collyweston grey Slate, or
Tilestones, with Bones, and Vegetable Impressions! (light

blue, No 6.)
Patella rugosa, t 139, f 6, Amberley Heath, and Hampton
{Common

Cray uron Urrer Oouite, (white, or light yellow.)
Ostrea acuminata @, t 135, f2, near Bath E

Urver Oorite, great or superior Oolite, Bath Free Stone (yellow, No.7.)
Pecten fibrosus 6, t 136, f 2, Northleach
Plagiostoma cardiiformis, t 113, f 3, Petty-France

Funrer’s Earts Rock, lead-coloured, dark and purple Clay, occasioning
great land Slips (white, No. 8, 9, and 10.)
Ostrea acuminata y, t 135, £3, Aynhoe
Plagiostoma ovalis, t 114, £3, Small-Cossall

Unver Oorite, inferior or lower Oolite (reddish orange, No. 12.)
Aimmonites Banksii, t 200, Sherborne*
Blagdeni, t 201, ditto*
Braikenridgii, t 184, Dundry Hill
Brocchii, t 202, Dundry, and Sherborne*
Brongniarti, t A, f2, p 190, Bayeux, and Yeovil
Gervillii, t A, £3, p 189, Bayeux
Herveyif, t 195, lo. Bradford, and Knowles Hill
Stokesi, t 191, near Bridport? (in Marl)
Walcotii y, t 106, Mitford, and White Lackington
Astarte elegans, t 137, £3, Babling Hill?
lurida, t 137, f 1, Fox Hill?, and Taunton
Cardita? obtusa a, t 197, f 2, Bath, and Dundry
producta a, t 197, £1, Bath, near Bayeux, and Chapel-
{house
Cirrus nodosus, t 141, f2, Yeovil
Gryphea dilatata 2, t 149, f1, Farley Gate
Lima gibbosa @, t 152, near Bath, Cotswold Hills, and Taunton
Nautilus obesus, t 124, Norton under Hamdon
sinuatus, t 194, near Yeovil
Pecten equivalvis, t 136, f 1, Carrington, Dursley, Farley Gate,
[Ilminster, and White Lackington
fibrosus 4, t 136, £2, Carrington
Planorbis euomphalus £, t 140, f8 and 9, near Bath
Terebratula acuta, t 150, £1 and 2, France, Ilminster, and Stan-
[ton Hill
resupinata, t 150, {3 and 4, Ilminster
Trochus abbreviatus, t 193, £5, Dundry
concavus, t 181, f3, Little Sodbury
dimidiatus, t 181, f land 4, ditto

duplicatus, t 181, f 5, ditto
elongatus, t 193, f 2to 4, Dundry
punctatus, t 193, fl, ditto

Mantstoxé, in blue Marl, or upper Clay of the Lias, producing a district
of Ant-hilly pastures, (faint blue, No. 14.)
Ammonites Walcotii a,\t 106, near Bath

Sy REE DS a eee Me ae ea a or ae ie Sgpeeeee
*¥ The Rev. Mr. RACKET kindly and disinterestedly sent these three
species of Ammonites to Mr. Sowerby, from Sherborne.

251 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX TO VOL, II.

Blue Lis, water-setting, beddy Limestone, with Bones of large Fish (often
mentioned as Crocodiles,) &c. &c. (deep blue, No. 15.)
Ammonites Brookii, t 190, Lyme Regis N E
Bucklandi, t 130, near Bath W
Conybeari, t 131, Bath W
fimbriatus, t 164, Lyme Regis N E
Greenoughi, t 122, Bath W
Henleyi, t 17%, Lyme Regis N E
Loscombi, t 183, Lyme Regis N E
ohtusus, t 167, Lyme Regis NE
Cardita? lirata e, t. 197, £3, Bath W
Gryphza incurva @ t 112, f 1, Bath W, Framilode, and Frethern
obliquata, t 112, f 3, Donat’s Castle
Nautilus intermedius a, t 125, Keynsham
striatus, t 182, Lyme Regis NE
truncatus, t 123, Bath W, and Keynsham
Plagiostoma pectinoides, t 114, f 4, Pickeridge Hill (in Clay)
punctata, t 113, f 1 and 2, Barry Island, Cardiff
[Castle, Donat’s Castle, and Pickeridge Hill
Trochus Anglicus, t 142, Bugthorp, Weston, White Lackington,
[and Yeovil
Unio crassissimus, t 153, Bath W (in Clay)

Yertow Limestone, buff or magnesian Limestone, with blue mild beds
near the bottom ? (Derby Rep. I. 157,11. 409) (bright blue.)
* Unio hybridus, t 144, f 2, Nottinghamshire
Listeri B, t 154, f 1,3 and 4, Durham.

Coat Measures, Carboniferous Strata (India Ink. )
Ammonites Walcotii 3, t 106, Colebrook Dale, (in Shale or Blae)
and Trent River?

DERBYSHIRE Peak LIMESTONE, mountain or metaliferous Limestone, some-
times interlaid with Basaltic strata, and sometimes with poor
or barren Coa] Measures (purple blue. )

Ammonites Walcotii ¢, t 106, Llantrissent, and Devonshire.

Cirrus acutus, t 141, £1, Derbyshire

Gryphea dilatata y, t 149, Bramberry Hill

Helix? cirriformis, t 171, f 2, Derbyshire

striatus, t 171, f 1, Derbyshire

Orthocera annulata, t 133, Colebrook Dale

Planorbis equalis, t 140, f 1, Kendal

Spirifer cuspidatus, t 120, Castleton, Cork, near St. Hilary, and
{St Vincent’s Rock

Terebratula Wilsoni, t 118, f 3, Mordiford.

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Full text of "The mineral conchology of Great Britain; or, Coloured figures and descriptions of those remains of testaceous animals or shells, which have been preserved at various times and depths in the earth"

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