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MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
as November 1944 


The minutes and other publications of the Conchological Club of 
Southern California are not open to subscription. However, any of our 
friends interested in receiving them, may send us donations or stamps to 
help defray the cost of material and postage. 


Any institution or library interested in filing these minutes is 
welcome to all’available back issues and a place on our mailing list 
without charges Students of particular problems are always welcome to 
ask us for specimens for study as wellas all information we may havee 


The next meeting will be held December'3, at the Los Angeles Museum, 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 P.M. 
We are now meeting the first sunday of each monthe 


Please mail all news about shells, shell publications, shell collec« 
-tors, shell trips, localities etc. to your editor, 
John Qe Burch, 
4296 Halldale Ave., 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 


PC VESSEL LSLOCL OLS L SSS ELE SESE LEE ES Set | 7 

We are in receipt of a number of very interesting and clear photographs 
showing the Japanese drill, aatonalse depontee, in the act of drilling 
an oyster and others showing the destrustion caused by this imported pest, 
Along with these came a photostatic copy of an article that appeared in the 
Southbend Journal, This interesting material was sent by Professor Trevor 
Kincaid, University of Washington, Department of Animal Biology, Seattle 5, 
Washington. Extracts from his personal letter follows 

* I have been following your discussion of the various groups with 
much interest. Up to date there does not seem much that I can add to your 
very thorough elaboration of the taxonomic intricacies. e. When you are 
all through we will have something to tie to. 

A number of years.ago I read a paper before the Western Soeliety of 
Naturalists dealing with the species of mollusks I had found in the living 
state that had arrived with oyster seed from Japan. If you can find this 
there might be some items of interest to you. Some of these have assumed 
economic importance as you of course are aware.bTapes philippinarum has dev~ 
~eloped on a great scale in the lower section of the Puget Sound district 
and is coming into the market along with P. staminea. Tritonalia japonica 
has become a very serious menace to the oyster industry. Through inexcusable 
carelessness it has been transferred from its original site of importation 
at Samish Bay to other oyster growing distriots. The only important area 
not yet invaded is Willapf Harbor., and that is threatened through the poss~ 
~ible movement of seed oysters from Hood Canal, which is heavily infested, 
to Willapa. It seemed necessary to sound a warning note on this and this 
impelled me to send a letter to the local newspaper at South Bend in the 
hope of heading off this possible disaster. I have only one cepy of the 
article sp I em sending you a photostat reproduction. 

Tam not yet entirely clear in regard to the Japanese Mytilus, and have 
not seen Eyerdam's specimens on which this record is baseds Our common 
Mytilus edulis is subject to such enormous variations in size and appear 5a 
under differant ecological conditions I probably overlooked the imigrant 
forme , 


6 
Like yourself I may well be classified os a “ profeseional conchologist 


#41- p 2 
rather than an amateur, since I own and operate an oyster farm of 63 acres 
from which I derive considerable financial benefit. esse 

Are you familiar with the extensive work on fossil mollusea published 
by Dr. CeE. Weaver of our Department of Geology in the University of 
Washington publications in Geology. It deals with the Tertiary formations 
of Oregon and Washington. It is in three volumes, two of text and one of 
plates. 627 pages and 103 plates, Costs $11.00. 

HOR OO A OE 

Lt. Jack W. Brookshire, 9th Troop Carr. Sqdn. AeP.O. 244, cfo P.M. San Fran- 
=cisco, calif. We were delighted to receive the following interesting letter 
from our much missed member Jack. “ Saipan, Marianas Is,,0ct.5,1944, 2030 
O'clock. Dear John= I guess the last time I wrote I was back in Missiesipp’ 
~ and asking for addresses all over the Pacific- So far I've just used the 
Honolulu address. I visited Thaanum one evening on my rest leave last month 
Very interesting persona nd enthusiastic. He helped me on identifying some 
of my shells and I helped him with some Gilbert Islands data and a specimen 
or twoe I do most of my Hawaiian collecting with a fella named Tuttle. He 
dives for shells too so we get along fine. I've become well acquainted with 
Wray Harris ( mollusks); C.M. Cooke and Yoshio Kondo ( both land shells), 
up at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The only land Pol Pacuine I've done is 

@ little on Oahu and some last week here in the Marianas. I'm delighted 
oes the abundance of colorand beauty of the shells in the Central Pacifr, 
I never get near a complete collection from any one place but from all over 
I'm getting lots of shells, I spent February, March and June in Hawaii and 
from March the balance of the time was spent in the Gilberts and Marshalls , 
Now I'm just getting into Marianas shells~ so far pretty good, Of course, 
being a navigator in the troop carriers I'm occasionally imterrupted by 
flight duties. The mail must go through, among other things. Are there any 
eentral Pacific shells that I might run onto» and I might=- that you want, 
let me know, As the Gilberts area has'nt been collected up till this tine 
I may be of some help. 

If you can lay hands on Hirasi's Japanese Shell Book let me know. 
Anything within reason is all right with me. I'm out here with no reference 
books whatsoever and its not easy keeping that catalogue with most of the 
names missing. Would you see if one of the club members has one that 1 can 
beg, borrow or steal, 

Conrad Limbaugh is still up in Canada as a weather observer. He does ‘nt 
have much chance to collect up there, of course. He's inland. I got the 
club's minutes for March. I'd like to have the year's minutes en masse if 
I could- let me know the damages. Could you give me Fred Barnett's address 7 
Last I heard was 1942 when he joined the Coast Guard. I'd better git. Got 
some early flying manana. I get stacks of shells but I don't know what is 
good enough to talk about and what is'nt. Hirasi should help mee 
Say Hello to the folks at the club for me, Good Hunting. Jack Brookshire.” 


Note from the Editor-if any of the members have a copy of Hirase or know 
Where one 6an be purchased please let me know and I will get it and see that 
it is sent to Yack along with all of our minutes and anything else we think ~ 
he might like to have. 
- SHEVFERMHKRAAPHAREVTRSS 
Dr. Horace Gunthorky $510 Adame Ave,, San Diego 4, Calif. Has just published 
another very extensive list of booksand periodicals on natural science. The 
list of literature on conchology is so impressive that all members interested 
in building a library should by all means check Dr. Gunthorp's new liste We 
added at least 25 or 30 items to our own library. 
Mrs, H»P. Walker, Route 2, Box 242, Healdaburg, Calif. We are happy to 
welcome Mrs. Walker to our circle of west coast shell enthusiasts. Members 
are invited to write her. 


#41- p 3 
We propese for a short time to carry on more or less of a round table 
discussion of the various methods and difficulties in mourting the radulae 
of mollusks. This should be accompanied by articles pertaining to the use 
and value of the radula in classificatien, The members are urged to send in 
their comments and ery ceen a8 We PpregresS, | 


Tome tonia-thieel Lt as en oe te 


Let me say at the start, that like most shell collectors, I am not a 
scientist but only an interested amateur. I had to start at the beginning, 
when I started mounting radulae, and work it out step by step, by the trial 
and error method. If I can help anyone else to pursue this interesting hobby, 
I am glad. If anyone can help me, I shall be delighted. 

Either freshly collected or preserved sneils may be used. It is even 
possible to procure the radula from ditied-up specimens. In this ease, scak 
the entire shell in warm water overnight and then remove the animal with a 
heok before proceedinge Bo sure not to work with more than one species at a 
time, as it is easy to get them mixed up, but if enough specimens are availe 
-able, it is well ts have several ts work with, both for comparison and for 
probable failures along the lines. 

The buccal mass, in which the radula is imbedded may be easily found 
and removed in the larger marine 8nails by cutting from the mouth to behind 
the tentacles with a dissecting knife or razor blade and lifting it out care-~ 
-fully. In working with the smaller species, it is better to cut off the 
entire head, 

A test tube and spirit lamp may be-used for the next step, but for home 
use I have found it easier tn fill a pyrex dish about half full of water and 
add a tablespoonful of potassium hydroxide. Add the snails and place over a 
low flame on the stove and let them simmer for fifteen or twenty minutes, The 
alkali will eat away all of the flesh but will leave the radula unharmed. 
Keep your face away while it is boiling, for the KOH will do the same thing 
to you that it does to the snail, 

After the flesh has been caten away, romove from tho fire and allow it 
to cool for awhile. Unless tho radula is microscopic, it may then be found by 

searching with a dissocting necdlo or tweczors. Tho radula should bo quito 
clean and may now be mounted in a drop of water and examined undor tho micro~ 
~scope, after washing, if dosircd,s 

To mount them pormancntly, it 41s nocessary to wash thom very thoroughly 
for several hours, changing tho water frequently. This As important, as it 
removes 411 traces of tho alkali. 

Staining is tho noxt stop, and the going begins to get hard at this 
stage. An aqueous solution of potassium bichromato for mmrine snails and 
chromic acid for the land are the timc honored stains to use, but you can 
have a little extra fun oxperimenting with different dyes if you like. Stain- 
eing is difficult for mo and I am still trying for what I would call a perfect — 
job. J Reave them in the stain for about thirty minutes, thon removeand wash 
thorsughly. This is one place where I always hit a BNA ge If I wash them ' thor~ 
-oughly' , most of the stain washed out, and if I don't , the stain runs into 
the mounting medium later. Probably a mitéh longer time in the dye than I have 
allowed would help matters. 

Now I tako a clcan microscopo slide and place the radula on it, being 
sure that the 'top' side is facing up. There should be just enough water to 
keep it moist, but not enough to allow it to float eround. Place. a tripod mag~ 
enifier astride the slide and over the radula. For marine species, take a 
fine dissccting necdle in each hand and carefully raise the marginal teeth and 
straighten thom out on cach side. If thore is too much water and the specimen 


) 


#41 p 4 
floats, draw off somc with a small piece of filter paper, but be careful not 
to let it get too dry, or it will curl, It takes practico , but the idea is 
to have the radula ' hug! the slidc. Usually, thcy are too long to fit cross 
-wiso on the slide, and they may be mounted cntire, longthwise, or cut into 
shorter sections with fine sharp scissovs and mounted crosswise, which is the 
method I prefer. The tecth sometimes stand out dboautifully where the cut has 
been made and an individual row is easter to study this way. The land shells 
have a rather spoon-shaped radula and are much hs:der to handle. I straighten 
them out as much as possible, to begin with, using the dissecting needles to 
straighten out the front part where it is folded under. This is tedious. Hold 
the vad:ta lightly with one dissccting needlo, and slipping the other one 
underneath, work it out flat, This is important, for the teeth will not stand 
out under the microscope if it is double, You will find that it is still humped 
up in the middle. If you prefer a whole mount, carefully pull apart in several 
places along cach sidewith the needles until it lles fiat, otr it may be cut 
across entirely in several places. If you decide on this method, keep the 
pieces in order so that the different stages of tooth wear may be observede 

Now cut two strips of filter paper about z wide and place them along= 
~side the radula. Almost any paper will do, but filter eEDee is rather thick 
and s0 more satisfactory. Mark one of the papers ° top” to insure against 
mounting it upside down later, Place another slide on top of this and tie them 
together with thread. This is important, far the teeth will curl up is they 
are not held lai, 

Alcohol is a big problem these days,and it is sometimes impossible to buy 
it. 1 have used ordinary isopropyl rubbing alcohol with good results, but as 
this is only 70%, it is better to dehydrate further with an immersion in Xylme 
and carbolic acid before the radula is cleared, Place the slides in 36,650,790, 
and 95 per cent alochol for about fifteen minutes cavh, If rubbing alcohol is 
used, immerse in Xylene with a little carbolic acid added, after the 70% alco- 
“hol has been used, This will remove all traces of water, which is very necess= 
wary, or your mount will be ruined. 

Place in Xylene for fifteen minutes to clear. This process makes the tedh 
stand out beantifully. Remove from the Xylene and cut the threads that held 
the slides together. Take off the top slide carefully. If you are lucky, your 
specimen will stick to the bottom slide, but too often it is the top one it 
sticks to. In this event, it may be possible to work them onto the bottom 
slide with a necdle, but they are easily ruined at this stage, and it may be 
necessary to try again, which is why it is a good idea to have several to work 
with from the start. At any rate, they should lie flat and straight in the 
eenter of the slide. Any excess Xylene may be drawn off carefully with filter 
paper, but it is better to have too much than too little, for the Xylene dries 
quickly and makes them brittle and they may curl up again. If this happens, 
add p drop of Xylene and straighten them out. 

If you have gotten this far successfully, the radula is now ready to moitnt 
It makes things easier if you will prepare a card for use under your slides. 
Take an ordinary index card and draw around a glass slide which has been placed 
in the center of it. Now draw diagonal lines from corner to corner, Where they 
cross is the center of your slide. Take a cower glass, center it, and draw 
around this. Now, when you are mounting a specimen, you don't have to guess 
but can simply lay your slide on this guide, Cover giass props are not always 
necessary except with large specimens, but they are probavly better at all 
times. Use tiny pieces of broken cover glass, as they will not show in the 
finished mount. Place three or four pieces of glass near the place where the 
edges of the cover glass will be, 

You will have to learn how much balsam to use, brut two good drops are 
usually about right. Here is another snag. As the balsam spreads , it may move 
your specimens with it. I drop the balsam on top of the radula garefully and 


: qi My 


q4l~ p 
have found this is usually more successful than dropping it to the side. 

Take up your clean cover glass with forcops or cover glass holders and 
using your card as a guide, drop it carefully on the balsam. Here, again you 
may have trouble with drifting, but sometimes you can run a fine needle under= 
“neath the cover glass and put it back in place. It's disheartening to get 
this far and then ruin your mount, but you can always start all over agains 
The balsam should flowand f&ll the glass entirely. Too little of it will leave 
air spaces, which can be remedied by adding a drop at the edge of the cover 
glass; and too much will run out the sides and meke an apalling mess. A 
toothpick wrapped in cotton can be used to remove most of this, but it is 
botter to clean it up with Xylene ofter the slide has dried. This, too, must 
be done carefully, or the Xylene will dissolve the balsam again. 

The slides are marked temporarily, while they are drying. A small pieve 
of: gummed paper, with a number is sttick on the end of the slide. Keep a note 
book and beside the number write the name, the stain used, the date and any 
other information that you want to put on your permanent lebel later. 

The slides must be dried for several days in a warm, dry place. I made 
an ideal slide dryer from a child's toy refrigerntor with a ten watt bulb run 
in from underneath. Prop up the bulb so that it does not touch anything, or 
lay it on a piece of asbestos which can be bought anywhere. Better be safe 
than sorry, and I wanld say thot the asbestos matt isa ' must’ , to prevent 
any danger from fire. Turn on the light and let the slides dry for several 
days, or until the mount is quite dry. After this, clean up any balsam that is 
outside the cover glass with a toothpick wrapped in cotton and moistened with 
Xylene. Print a 1" x 1® gummed label with the name of the species, the word 
'radula', the stain used and any other information thot you wish to include, 
On the bottom of the label print your initials and date. The label is stuck m 
hhe left side of the slide, but be sure to remembor that a microscope reverses 
the image, and it will appear upside down to you, now, 

None of this is easy; it is tedious and exacting work, and you will have 
many failures along the line, but like everything else that is hard to do, you 
will have the satisfactory feeling, when you do succeed, of really having 
accomplished somethings 

or Porro ores rs 

Some informal comments on the above paper and the radula problem by T,A. 
Burch follow. 

While the preliminary proceedures sre handled in practically the same 
manner by almost everyone, probably no two persons stain the radulas the same 
way. This is especially true if one uses stain other than the time honored 
chromic stains ( which, incidentally, I have never used). Since Mrs. Heckney 
has explained her method, I will describe only the various staining proceed 
~ures that I have used and a few things that I do differently. 

First of all, while it undoubtedly is better tecnique, I have never wash~ 
-ed a radula over a few minutes in water before proceeding with the dehydration. 
For dehydration and also for mixing stains I use commercial 99% Isopropyl 
alcohol which can be purchased reasonably at several chemical supply compantos 
in this area and I suppose elsewhere. I use only 70%, 90% and 99% and leave 
them in only about two minutes, or rather until the next convenient time to 
move them since whenever I do got around to stain, I usually have a whole ser= 
“ies going through with one radula or species in each different kind of reag-: 
~ent ( never a dull moment this way), 

The greatest difference between my tecnique and that employed by Mrs. 
Hackney is that I do not put the radula on the slide until the very end of the 
proceedure. I clear the rndulas with either oil of wintergreen or cedar wood 
oil as they do not extract analine dyes and they clear readily from 95% or 39% 
alcohol without shrinkage. The radulas can be left for any length of time in 


#4l~ p 6 
these oils without becoming brittle and radulas can be mounted into balsam 
directly without first putting them into Xylene ( which makes them stiff and 
brittle). Beachwood creasote can also be used. 

Nothing is more aggravating than to lose or even have to search for a 
very small radula in order to transfer it to the next reagent. In order to 
avoid this I have made a number of what I call © staining tubes" which are 
merely short pieces of shell vial or test tubes which has one end closed with 
paper from tea bags. Thus after the radula is one put in the staining tube, 
the whole tube is transferred cach time instead of just the radula. 

Th reagents are placed in shallow containers ( glass caster holders work 
nicely) so that the top of the tube is higher than the fluid. They should be 
drained each time before transforing by holding it against the side of the 
reagent container. These tubes are not necessary with larger radulaa, 

Following are directions for two simple methods of staining radulas which 
usually give good results, The basic fuchsin method is best but more diffi- 
wcult. Stains can be purchased from Brauns or other supply houses. 

Basic Fuchsin Method 

I. Boil radule or animal in NAOH or KOH 10% until connective tissue is all 
dissolved. 

2e Dehydration= 70%-9A%-99% alcohol ( 2-10 mins ea.) 

3. Clear in wintergreen oil « one day ( or cedarwood 011). 

4. Wash in 95% alcohol 

6. Basic fuchsin = ( Sat. Soln. in 95% alcohol) 1-2 minutes 

6. Rinse in 79% alcohol and destain in 95% until stain no longer comes out 
readily ( as with Mrs. Hackney's tecnique, this is where you experiment). 

7. Place in wintergreen oil or cedarwood oil until convenient to mount. 

8. Mount in either balsam or euperol, 

Eosin Method 

1-2 Same as above, 

3. Sute soln. Eocin Y in 95% alc.~ 20 min. 

4. Wash in 95% alcohol 

5 Clear in cedarwood oil- 1 hrs to 1 day or whenever convenient to proceed, 

6. Mount in balsam or euperol, 


With both of these proceedures the radula is not straightened out until 
the last thing at which time be sure to keep it in a drop of o1i1 until just 
before the balsam is applied when this oj1 should be drained off with a piece 
of filter papers I usuelly mount one radula complete and one torn up so that 
the individual teeth can be studied more easily. 

I usually put only a very small drop of balsam on the radula and add the 
rest from the side of the cover slip. This way it is easier to keep the radula 
where you want it under the coverslip but makes a messy looking slide, While 
drying I place a small shell vial full of lead shot directly over the cover 
~slip which helps keep the teeth flat. After the balsam has hardened I clear 
off the excess from the outside with 4 razor blade before finishing with a 
Xylene soaked rage 

While the standard method is to put the label on the left side I have 
always used two labels~ one with the genus, species, stain, clearing reagent, 
date, radula # and initials on the right side and put a label with the cless, 
order, superfamily, and family on the left side, Incidentally it is a good ‘iea 
to give grades to your work so you can tell without looking through a micro=-. 
~scope which are your best slides. ay 

I will be glad to answer any questions that I can and to receive sugges~ 
~tions from anyones In the near future I will write an article on the use of 
radulae in classification, 

SEESECBKREARRA KH RAHE 


#41- p 7 
Notes on Mytilus 
by Allyn Ge Smith 

Several days ago I promised to send you some notes on the discussions of 
Mytilus appearing in the Minutes of the Conchologiceal Club of Southern Calif= 
~ornia, particularly with respect to the possibility of the occurance of Me 
dunkeri Reeve on the California coast. The issues of the Minutes referred to 
Bro NoeS0, pe 93 Now 36, =pp 6-93 No. 37, pell. 

Mytilus edulis innneuss 

As everyone recognizes, we are dealing here with an exceedingly protean 
species, one that has been collected in all sorts of shapes and sizes, depen« 
~ding upon the location and circumstonces of growth, both physical and ecolo~ 
~gical, It is also a species that is widespread over the north and south tem~ 
-perate regions of the world, and apparently from our experience here on the 
Pacific Coast, it is still spreading. 

As the tendency these days is to pay more careful attention to species. 
in the broad sense, rather than give so much weight to individual variation, 

I am inclined to think that for M, edulis we have an excellent example in eon~ 
-sidering the questions of taxonomy that have been bothering us. Thus, I would 
not try to separate M. edulis into a lot of subspecies and certainly not those 
that have been named from the Pacific Coast. This means placing names like 
trossulus Gould, glomeratus Gould, galloprovincialis Reeve, and others that 
are undoubted races of edulis into synonymy and forget them. 

Through the kindness of Walter Eyerdam, who has loaned me a number of sp= 
~ecimens from his collection, I.am able to illustrate pretty well the extent 
to which edulis varied in shape. The attached outline drawings, Figs. 1-14, 
ince show what I mean. The first four of these are tracings from original fig- 
“-ures from Reeve and Gould. 

Although one hesitates to mae genoralizations in a situation of this kind, 
I am inclined to think it might be possible. to say that M. edulis generally has 
an outline consisting of straight lines or convex curves, and the. umbones are 
therefore usually not hooked. Also, more often than not, the ventral margin 
is straight, or nearly so. In. the form galloprovincialis ( Fige2). the dorsal 
and ventral margins are parallel, or nearly so, and this would seem. to be the 
distinguishing feature of this Fronch Mediterranean raoe, in addition to its 
greater length with respect to heighth In addition, another distinguishing 
general feature of M, edulis and its races is the relatively thin shell, alhh 
“oughthere are exceptions to this, A third general feature ( and what seems to 
me to be an important one) is the. dull blue or purple and white interior, with= 
~out much pearly nacre or prominent muscle scars. There seems to be another 
M. edulis generalization that one might make. This is the shape of the byssal 
gape, which is elongate and quite harrow, with a relatively small opening. 

This is about as far as you can go. Certainly the shape of the shell is so 
variable, both as to outline and to rotundity, that it does not admit of gen 
~eralization. 

There seems to be aminor difference between the two specimens of M. th)- - 
-renus Montserrat. The one from Italy has a straight ventral margin, while : 
the one, from Malta has 1 slight ventral bulge noar the umbones, a feature thet 
has a bearing on identifiontion of M. crassatesta Lischke, which I will diszus3 
latere 
Mytilus grayanus Dunker. 

his was described later as M. dunkeri Reeve, as Miss Keen points out.” 
Therefore dunkeri goes into synonymy. Hanna, Hertleina nd I agree with Lamy AG 
and with Miss Keen on this, Also, Dunker himself later stated that Reeve's : 
shell was the same as his grayanus. 

Traced outlines of the figures for dunkeri in Reeve and Lischke are att- 
~ached ( Figse 15 and 16). Outlines of other specimens are shown in Figs. 17-29, 
incl, 


#4l= p 8 

The best discussion of dunkeri appears in Lischke ( Japanischke Meeres= 
-Conchylien, VoleI, 1869), He refers to the nacreous interior and the punct= 
-ations in the nacre, both being features that I have suspected all along 
would serve to set grayanus apart from cther species, and most certainly from 
edulis. Lischke compares his material with M. galloprovincialis ( a fortunate 
circumstance from our point of view just now), on the principal basis that 
proyenus has an incurved posterior outline buck of the dorsal angle, which, 

@ gay8, is more pronounced in younger shells of grayanusy, This ia brought 

out well in the outline of Eyerdam's shell from Port Arthur ( Fig.19) and of 
the CAS specimen from Japan ( Fig.20), The only shell that does not check is 
Eyerdam's Vladivostock specimen, but this has the heavy pearly nacre and the 
punctations in the interior ( and also other features thatare distinguishing). 
The shell is an old specimen that is like edulis only in shape. 

Lischke's figures are colored and incluse one of the interior of the shell, 
This interior figure shows an extremely highly colored nacre shot with purple 
blueand greens Allowing for moderate exageration, the Academy's lot from the 
Akhashi coast of Japan ( Figs 17) and the two younger specimens illustrated by 
Figse 19 and 20 are very much like it. 

So, as I see it now, we have the following characters to look for in 


identifying M. grayanus: 
ae Ventral nena usually concave near the umbones, 


be. Umbones with a prominent hook. 
ce A concave or incurved dorsal margin back of the dorsal angle, 
de Shell fairly heavy. ( Generally heavier than edulis.) 
e» Interior with a bright pearly nacre colored with green as well as purple 
and lighter colors. This sets this species off from edulis, 
f. Interior punctate irregularly, the punctations more numerous near the umbm~ 
wal section, Another feature entirely lacking in edulis. 
ge Interior hinge line heavier and the groove generally cut deeper than in edulis 
he Byssal gape open and rounded. In edulis it is longer and quite narrow; it 
is hardly ® open” as in grayanus. 
4. Shell striate basally, near the umbones. This is a feature that may not be 
a constant one, and hence not too reliable. 

Perhaps the above will help to support our contention that while the new 
mussel from Southern Yalifornia may not be edulis, it’ certainly is not grayan= 
“us . Of course, everything I have said is based on shell characters of mater@ 
-faI at hand and on old accounts. The statement in the Minutes ( No.w30, ped) 
to the effect that Dr. Coe found the animals of your Southern California shells 
different from edulis is a bit disturbing. If would be interesting to deter~ 
-mine from him just how different he found the local material and on what basis 
the comparison was made. Until this is cleared up there will be a doubt that 
they are properly identified as M, edulis, 

Another point that I should clear up is dur comparison of Academy shells 
from the Mediterranean with the Southern “alifornia high-winged shells, with 
the conclusion drawn that they were M. ee galloprovincialis. When I made that 
statement I had not been able to consult Reeve'’s figure.Now that I have seen 
it, we shall have to re=label the Academy lot called galloprovincialis as the 
shellsare high-winged, like those from Anaheim, ( See Minutes Nowd?, Pell). 
Mytilus crassatesta Lischke. 

I mention this species beaause evidently confusion exists between it and 
grayanus (_dunkeri). Eyerdam had labelled his specimen of erayenus from Vladi~ 
=vostock as crassatesta. Also in the Academy collection, the lot of grayanus 
from the Akhashi Coast of Yapan ( Frederick Stearns Collection) had this name. « 

Lischke's original figure of crassatesta is attached, in outline only, 
as Fig. 2l. If this figure is a good one for the species, then there should 
be no difficulty distinguishing it from grayanus. In addition to general shape, 
Lischke calls particular attention to the bulge in the ventral margin adjacent 


#AL- p 9 
to the umbories at the position shown in my figure. This, and the absence of 
anything like a high wing, as in grayanus , would seem offhand to make iden- 
-tification not too difficult. Dovey rs undoubted shells of the species are 
needed to settle the point. I haven't looked into the situation too thoroughly 
except to satisfy my own mind that while the two species may be related, they 
appear to be different enough to separates 


South American popccrce 
——"p Orbigny's figure of protons? is shown by the outline in my Fige22. The 
straight basal margin is typical of edulis and it may well be a race of this 
species, as Eyerdam labels it in his Shell from Patagonia. However, the outline 
of his Patagonia shell ( Fig.23) shows a slight basal bulge, a character of 
crassatesta. The shell from Chile ( Fig.24), looks like a globose race of 
edulis, both outside and inside. The Pataginin shell has a yellowish coloration 
on the base and may not be a race of cue 


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#41l~ p 14 
Some Notes on Terebridae 
ee by JeRe le Bs Tomlin 

These nstes were made during a complete overhaul of the series in the 
British Museum o short time before the war, 

Deshayes published two important papers on Terebra, one in the Journal 
de Conchyliologie vol. vl, pp 65-102, 1857, with figures; the other in the 
Proce Z00l. Soc. London, 1859, pp. 270-521 without figures. The latter paper, 
called ® 4 General Review of the Genug Terebra”, is a complete catalogue to 
dates Both papers describe many ngW species, mainly from the Cuming collect~ 
-ion; when the novelty is recorded from some other source as well I designate 
the Cuming example or examples as type, as these are always mentioned first. 
B.M. -- British Museum. 

Deshayes numbers his catalogue 4n the P.Z.S. 1-221 and there ig also an 
unnumbered list of 63 doubtful species. Below I give his number with each 
apeciese 


75. Terebra luctuosa Hinds. Gulf of Nicoya: Puerto Portrero. Types (3) in BoM. 

89. Terebra armillata Hinds. Abundant in various places on West Coast pf 
America between Panama and Bay of Magdalena: also Galapagos. * 

192. Terebra rufocinerea Carpentere Mazatlan. Type, Mazatlan Coll. ( one) 

103, Terebra albocincta Carpenter. Mazatlan. Types, Mazatlan Coll. ( five) 

104. Terebra chilensis Deshayes. Chili. Type in Deshayes Coll,, Ecole des 
Mines, Paris. 

107. Terebra variegata Gray. No Loc. given. Type in BoM. ( one). 

The types of Terebra africana Gray ( twa), which is identical with 
variegata, are also in Bel. Deshayes says this comes from the Gulf 
of motte nine 

139. Terebra radula Hinds. Puerto Portrero. Type in B.M. ( one). 

140, Terebra aspera Hinds, Panama,Monte Christi, S. Elena, Type in BeM. (One) 
This and radula Hinds aro identical, 

141. Terebra petiveriana Deshayes. Panamae Types in B.M. ( two), Very elose 
to asperas 

142. Terebra glauca Hinds.» Hab, unknown. Type in BeM.s ( one): identical 
with aspera as its author suspected. 

146. Terebra varicosa Hinds, Gulf of Papagayo. Two in the B.M. are probably 
types, it is identical with larvaeformis Hinds. 

147. Terebra tuberculosa Hinds. Panama, San Blas, Gulf of Papagayo, Type in 
B.M.( one) presented by Belcher, from whose collection Hinds says that 
he described it. 

148. Terebra intertinota Hinds. Said to be from Gambia but this is certainly 
an error: the single type in the B.M. is evidently a Panamic forme 

149. Terebra plicata Gray, No. Loc. given. Type in B.M. ( one ). Hinds says 
that Cuming dredged the species at Guayaquil. 

150. Terebra specillata Hinds. San Blas, iexico. The Belie has one example 
presented by Belcher and bearing a label in Hinds writing. It is probably 

type though it is somewhat shorter than Hinds measurement. 

151. Terebra larvaeformis Hinds. S. Elena and Monte Christi. Types in BoM. 

( three)- so marked by Smith, There is also an example from Guayaquil 
presented by Belcher, with label in Hinds writing. 

156. Terebra elata Hindse Bay of Montijo. Types in B.M. ( three ). 

175. Terebra formosa Deshayes. Panama. Type in B.M. ( one ). 

177. Terebra incomparabilis Deshayes. Panama. Type in B.M. ( one). Identical 
with formosa. 

180. Terebra insignis Deshayes. Panama. Type in B.sMe ( one), Identical with 


nnmuel ts indde 
181. Terebra lingualis Hinds. Gulf of Papaguayo & Bay of Montejo. Types BM. (3) 


#41— p 15 
Editor's Note The personal letter from Mr. Tomlin that accompanied the 
above paper is of such interest that the liberty is taken of running a few 
excerpts from it. 
“ I have not given the original refs. for deseriptions and figures for 
fear of making it too long, but could, of course, do so, if desired. 
The localities are exactly 1s given in the originnl descriptions. 
Deshayes was one of Cuming's ' toadics' ready to describe as new anything 
he was told to, for the sake of getting specimense His collection went to 
the Ecole des Mines in Paris. 
Cuming had a regular coterie of these men who published his novelties. 
I have heard from collectors of his ( ises Cuming's) generation how he would 
lay out on a long table all the material of a genus or family which he con 
«sidered to be new. If the man who wns invited to describe it all objected, 
he got the ' sack' without more ado. He was allowed no choice in the matter. 
RRR ORI OE IE SO IO IGE 


Dr» T. Van Hyning, The Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, We were 
pleased to receive an interesting letter from Dr. Van Hyning and inclosing 
information about his interesting institution. Dr. Van Hyning was the founder 
as well as the present director of the museum. An extract from his letter 
follows: “ My work at present in Molluscan s¢ience is confined to Florida 
alone, but of course, we have to consider more or less the whole west Atlantic 
coaste I have now around 1300 species of Florida well proven up with good 

data. From this I have selected a single typical specimen each and have them 
arranged in classified order on a table nearly 100 feet long which I call the 
Florida section of comparative Mollusca and then the balance packed away 

from which I can select an exhibition series later on. o.6 while I have a 
collection of shells representative of the world, yet I have a very few species 
of the Pacific Coast.® 

Beal=Martbid Shell Museum, at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida.e We have 

@ friendly letter from Mre P.A, Vestal, Director. ™" ss. May I state that we 
have a large file of the minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern Calif- 
-ornia, which we find very interesting and useful, 

We would appreciate being retained on your mailing list, and in the 
future if we have and publications they will be sent to your alub. At the 
present time we are doing very little in the publications line. 

As you probably know, Mr. Maxwell Smith is now in Winter Park and uses 
our collection quite frequently. He, of course, has a large collection of his 
own but usually his publications include the material present in the Beal~ 
Maltbie Shell Museum.® 
Dr. BR. Bales, Circleville, Ohio. We have another of Doe's newsy letters 
that always seem to bring good cheer. Doc is planning to move to some nice 
warm spot where shell collecting will be good this winter. We await his choice 
with interest. And his notes are always very flattering to these small sheets 
* Iam enclosing a little of what it takes to buy postage stamps and I imagine 
you have a bigger mailing list than any other shell publication." That last 
is at least encouraging. In the first place wo are flattered to even be called 
a publication and as to the mailing list we have no idea. Our mailing list 
has never exceeded 700 and surely many of the old established printed period- 
“icals go to many more thanthat. 

PPrErErrr rer errr erry | 

In connection with our discussions of the new Mytilus grayanus or 8p. 
it seems to have been the general opinion of Mr. Allyn Smith and others who 
are interested in this problem that there has been no introductions of the 
Japanese oysters in southern Californine We have been of the opinion that the 
had been introduced and grown in Newport Bay and also by Sam's in Anaheim Bay « 
We have specimens labelled 0. laperousii Schrenck from Newport Baye 77777777 


\ 


#41~+ p 16 

Mr. and Mrs« George W. Austin, 6831g St. Esteban St., Tujunga, Calif. This 
is the new address of the Austins. 
Dre John W. Nevius, 1930 Wilshire Blvd.,Los Angeles 5, Calif. * I enjoy your 
Clab minutes and regret not being able to come to the meetings. Enclose $1 
toward mailing expense.*® 
Cpl. F.M. Bayer, 36 Photo Reconnoissance Sqdn., Muskogee Army Air Fiel@, 
uskoves, Oklahoma, We are happy to have unothér letter from Ted calling 
attention to the fact that he has made still another move. 
Bornice P, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii- Librarian~ * Minutes received 
and catalogued. As you know our interests are Pacific, firstand foremost, 
but adjacent areas are of interest too, ond I never know what will be called 
for, Thank you for your generosity." 
Professor Charles E, Burt, Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas. * This 
is to inform you that after December 15 my eddress will be P.O. Box 536, Topeka, 
Kansas, Recently I have resigned my position as Professor of Biology at South~ 
-western College cffective at the close of the present semester. I have pur- 
-chased a home and buildings that will serve as a laboratory for the conduct » 
of a specimen and ourio business under the name of Quivira Specialties Company, 
at 4010 West 21st Street in Topeka, Kansas. I plan to devote about four months 
of each year to travelling and to continuc researches I enjoy reading the Min- 
“~utes of tho Conchological Club of Southern California and will appreciate it 
if you will change the address on this mailing list." 
Miss Verna Mann, 430 N. Parish Pl., Burbank, Calif, New address, 
Mrs. E.W. Boorstlor, P.O, Box 494, Corona del Mar, Calif. In the last Minutes 
wo rant he wrong box number for the Boerstlors, It is 494, 
Mr. R-E. Galbreath, R 1, Box 48, Newhall, Calif. We were delighted to have a 
‘visit from our friend and host on miny occasions recently. Our only regret 
is that we got into the duplicates too late to really do them justice. So 
we sincerely hope that Galbreath will rcturn to go through the rest of them. 
Dro Carl Le Hubbsy The Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University 
of California, Ha Jolla, Calif. A short time ago we received an interesting 
new publication by Dr. Hubbs ® Relationships of Alepidomus, A New Genus Of 
Atherinine Fishes From The Fresh Waters of Cuba, Occasional Papers of the 
Museum of Zoology, University of Michigen, Ann Arbor, Mich. Number 488, Sept. 
2, 1944.- 

While we think of Dr. Hubbs as an ichthyologist the following excerpt 
' from his personal letter of rccont date gives us the right to claim him also. 
 ® It may be of passing interest to relate that my introduction to natural 
history camo through the collecting and study of sca shells. Whon I was a queer 
little shaver in San Dicgo about 40 years ago my grandmothor adopted me as a 
partner in her shell collection. I-kept up the interest and in highschool days 
spcnt many months in studying Tryon's Manual in tho L.A. public library, draw- 
-ing up a family troe of a11 the molluses. Tho result of tho adolescent res- 
~earch has long since vanished, but the spirit of inquiry lives on.” — 
Dr. Wesley Re Coe and Denis L. Fox of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 
were authors of a paper of particular interest to us in our recent interest 
in the california Mytilus. This paper is " Biology of the California Sea~-Niscel 
( Mytilus Californianus), I. Influence of Temperature, Food Supply, Sex ard 
Age on the Rate of Growth, J. Exp. Zool; ve 90, nowl, June 5,1942. The: paper 
consists of 30 pages and numerous charts, . 
Lt. John E. Davis, SAAAB, Santa 4na, Calif. We regret hearing the news that 
Lieutenant Davis will not be able’ to remain with us, but hope that he will 
keep in touch with usa nd perhaps meet other members of our group some of 
whom seem to be serving at this time in just about every theatre of war on 
earthe 


#41l- p 17 
We are in receipt of a new publication by Dre Paul Bartsch, * Some Turrid 


Mollusks of Monterey Baya nd Vicinity", Proceedings of the Biological Society 
of Washington, vol.57, pp 57-68, Oct. 51,1944. 

In this fine paper Dr. bertsch has described several new species as well 
as the following new genera, Rectiplanes, Type: Rectiplanes sontarosana ( Dall) 
Several of the members haye this species probibly labelled Antiplanes. It is 
not rare in fairly deepwater off southern California. Rhadopetoma , Type 
Re rhadone Dall (-- Borsonella rhodope Dall). Carinoturris, Types Cs adrastia 
(Dall) (=- Cryptogemma ndrastin Dall). And a new species Ce fortis 1s described 
Megasurcula ranti is a new species described, and it is quite possible. that 
many of us have it when we can definitely identify our shells. It belongs to 
the nodulose group according to Dr. Bartsch and the difficulties in this group 
incrense with the number of specimens you happen to have. Ophiodermella, Type, 
O.» ofhioderma ( Dall). This genus will include, of course, the common soyth~ 
-ern California species most of us have labelled Moniliopsis incisa ophioderma. 
Kurtzia, Type: K. arteaga ( Dall and Bartsch) (#- Mangilia arteaga D. & Bie 
Again it is probable thnt all of us have arteaga, one of our most common species 
Dr. Bartsch describes a new species Kurtzia gordoni from off Santa Cruze 
Kurtzina, Type: Ks beata ( Dall) (-= Mangelia beata ( Dall). Other new species 
described ere Antiplanes profundicola and diomedca , Borsonella pinosensis, 
Propebela diomedea, profundicola and smithie = "—  —~ 

It is a little difficult to study without the types or figures at this 
times Dr. Bartsch states that the figures of these species will be published 
in his monograph. 


OHNE RHE ERKERS . 
The November 1 Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of San Diego is at 
hand. Among many other fine aquisitions in other departments is the following: 
" The Dept. of Mollusks follows with the largest total of individual items 
recently added from outside sources. Mrs» Clara K. Graham. of Remona, alone 
donated 1310 shells. It took a trunk to bring them to the museum. She was a 
school teacher in Manila, P.I. for 17 years, and herself gathered the whole 
collection in her spare time. Included are many examples of superior size and 
color which make them especially desirable. Drom W.P. Cook of San Diego came 
73 U.S. land and fresh water shells,and there have been several other smaller 
gifts to this department,.® 
‘ SREKKERRHKEEKAKE KER 

Mrse LeO«e Webb, Ohio, Illinois. % We have received the Minutes which have been 
sent to Glenn. I am saving them for him, he has been moved so often. At the 
presant time he is in France and his address now is, Pyt. Glenn Re Webb, 
35563604, 395th Signal Cos Avne, AsP.0. 126 c/o Postmaster, New York, NeYe 
I am sure he would be pleased to hear from you. He enjoys letters. I send some 
magazines but s0 many things get lost it is discouraging for me as wellas 
for him. 4e was sick. during the summer and spent two months in the hospital. 
He never did say just what was wrong. We feel reasonably sure he was not woun~ 
-ded for we never received a notice from the government. We will be so glad to 
see the end of the war and have him safeat home. He is carrying on his snail 
studies, sends home his anatomy drawings by V mail. I wonder what the censor 
thinks. He has sent packages of snails. Some were alive and I am trying to 
keep them alive until he gets back. He sent some very old books that he picked 
up in Cambridge and Oxford. I am afraid he wont have muth time in France to 
hunt snails or visit book shops. I believe he had a letter from Dr. Gregg. 
‘Under separate eover I am sending you one of his papers printed by'Notre Dame . 
I will seo that all of his things sre taken care of. I am his mother. ° 

We all knew Glenn end enjoyed him while he was stationed in southern 
California. It is suggested that nenbers write him in France. The latest 
publication referred to above is “ The Mating of the Landsnail Haplotrema con- 


“cavum ( Say), The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 30, No. 2, pp 841-045, 
September, 1943/ 


#41= p 18 
Rev. Paul D. Ford, 160 W. 20th St., Eric, Pas ® Doar Mr. Burch; At last I 
can find time to sit down and writo you a few lines. Wo are home from the 
Behamas for a brief furlough. Perhaps we will be in the states for this winter. 
For the time being, I have accepted the pastorate of a large church in the 
city of Erie. So I am not at home at Sunbury, where my collection of shells 
are housed. But once in a while we make a trip to Sunbury. I brought home 
a very fine collection again from the Behamas. Some very interesting shells 
that I have been receiving lately, have becn from my son Reuol, in the U.S. 
Navy in the Pacific. For several months he was at Eniwetok. He sent me more 
than one hundred different spocies. Have been enjoying your ” Minutes". 
Please have them note the change of address. They have been sending it to 
Nassau, but each time it has been forwordcd back to me here at Erie. ® 
Mr. E.V. Edmonds, 922 N. Kingsley Dr., Los Angeles 27, Calif. We enjoyed a 
call recently and were more than happy to chat with ® Eve" and get the news. 
Don has just returned to Los Angeles from Honvlulu and is now serving at San 
Pedroe The last letter from Bob places him in Burma, India, That boy surely 
does get around, It seems almost no time ago since we had the priviledge of 
looking over a collection of land snails Bob made in northern Afrioa. 
Albert Bauman, 6136 Lexington Ave.e, Los Angeles 38. We were sorry to have 
missed Albert when he called recently but were able to complete his file of 
the minutes. 
Mrs. Faye By Howard, 212 Locust St., Inglewood, Calif. Your editor feels 
definitely snubbed, and whcre is tho staff of reporters etc. We have had 
no word of the recent trip to Mexicoand the species of shells collected. 
Jack Schmidt, 406 North K St., Lake Worth, Florida, We are happy to add Mr. 
Schmidt ’s name to our mailing list and will do what we can about back issues. 
" I would like to compliment you on your paper. It is most interesting, even 
to a perfect stranger, and presented so friendly, Maybe I'd better say total 
stranger, as 1 am anything but porfect, When I can find the necessary time to 
devote to it, I will try and exchange duplicates with some of your members. 
Thatm however, will not be very soon, but it will be eventually." 
Fred C. Hadden, 2623 Pamoa Road, Honolulu 5, T. Hawaii, " .««. wish also to 
thank you for the club minutes which 1 do find very interesting. I hope you w 
will continue to send them to me. I am very much of an amateur shell collect- 
“~or, and have studied sea shore life whenever I have had the opportunity. I 
had the nucleus of a collection started when the war started, but since then 
I have been working at Pearl Harbor for bhe navy and have not had the oppor- 
-tunity to do any more collecting. Most of my collecting was done at Midway 
and Wake Islands before the war srarted. My studies of the growth of +ridacna 
gigantea and coral at Wake was, of course, interrupted by the capture of tnat 
island by the Japs. My favorite group of shells are the Cypraeidae. Enclosed 
please find my check for $5 to help defray expenses in publishing the minutes® 
Mr. William K. Emerson, 2435 Bancroft St., San Diego 2, Calif. " You may re~ 
~call I sent what 1 believed to be specimens new to the faunal list of Miss~ 
~ion Bay to you early this year. These I labelled Mangelia hamata Carpenter. 
You called them Mangelia merita Gould. Miss Bristol and I again found my 
specimens Senn aneni Carte ie eclaet from the Lowe collection labelled Mangelia 
hamata Carpenter. Dre Baily stated: Mangelia hamata Carp. 1865 and Cythat= 
-ella merita Hinds 1643 are two separate genera~ much alike- the difference 
being in the radula. As forthe names; Mangelia merita Gould ( 71869), Keep 
Pe 265--- Mangelia hamata Carpenter , 1865, Keen Check List, not in Bull, 1lz 
or Oldroyd =-- Cytharelia merita Hinds 1643 , Bull. 112, p 82, Oldroyd p 47, 
Keen Check List, not in Keep, From the above it would seem that the next 
step is to study the radulae. ® 


ae 


Trachycardium 


Americardia 


rae. 
ach ON 
Gat AS My \ 


= ' \ 5 hi 
slit 4 


tase 


Nemocardium 


y4l~ p 20 
Additions and Corrections 

Minutes #4. pi4 eee 
Kellia lnperousii Deshayes = Seattle, King Co., & Port Orchard, Kitsap Coe, 
Wash. Dutch Harbor, Aleutian Islands, Izhut Bay, Afognak Id., and Drier Bay 
and Thum Bay, Knight Ide, Pr. Wm. Sound, Alaska; mostly found in empty clam 
shells. ( Weds Eyerdom). 
Rochefortia tumide Carponter= Minutes 740" p 15= Drier Bay, Knight Ide, 
Alaska, 15 fms. mud, 1923 ( Wed. Eyerdam). 
Rochefortia planata Dall» Under rocks on reefes Unalaska, Aleutian Ide, 1932 
CTWed. Eyerdam). 
Rochefortia aleutica Dalle Minutes #40+ p 15= Illuliak Bay, Unalaska, Aleu= 
-Vian Islands, dredgedes mudee 1932 ( leds Eyerdam). 
Rochefortia pedroana Dalle Minutes #40- p 15= % I find in the current Minutes 
an interesting account of finding on Blepharopoda occidentalis Randall a 
Rochefortia aps I collected species resombling your description on this sand 
crab at Pacifico Beach, San Diego Coe, In 1940 , they were commow, on the 
crustaceans near the Crystal Fier. Other B. occidentalis examined near miss~ 
“ion Beach, Calif. posscssed no shells attached to thom. My specimens are 
white, with wrinkled , tan colored epidermis. I also have one complete Roche» 
“fortia sp. taken in sand at Coronado which is altogether different, and 
not identified. I understnnd Miss Edna Wilson has also collected Rochefortia 
from sand crabs from La Jolla, Calif. ( Wm. Keith Emerson). . > 
Pseudopythina rugifera Carpenter= Minutes #40- p 17 Port Orchard , Kitsap 
Co., Wash. Commensal on Gebia pugetensis. ( Wed. Eyerdam). 
Lasaea Spe ~ Minutes #40- pp 19-20. An interesting report has been received 
from our member Mr. Wed. Eyerdam reporting Lasaee rubre Montagu from Vancou- 
«ver Island, British Columbin and Port Orchard, Kitsap Co., Wash. In sand 
in Mytilus beds. This is the most northern record of this genus on our coast 
and so listed in Bulletin 112. However, our decision was that we have Lasaea 
cistula and Le subviridis and do not have rubra. Therefore, it will be of 
interest to discover which of the two species Mr, Eyerdam has= or both. 
Thyasira gouldii Philippi= Minutes #39= p 20" Set in the San Diego Museum of 
this label from Mainea nd Winter Harbor, British Columbia, 
Thyasira barbarensis Dalle Minutes # 39~ p 2l= 1 valve from Carmen Id,, Gulf 
of Calif. in H.N. Lowe Coll. in San Diego Museum. 
Axinulus Verrill and Bush,1898. Subgenus of Thyasira, Minutes # 39= p 21. 

It has been called to our attention that we ommited the type of this 
section. Dall, 193, Trans» Wag, Free Inst. Sci. p 1338 gives Type Thyasira 
( Axinulus) brevis Verrill and Bush, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xx, pe 790,1898. 
Taras © svoquadratus ( Carpentor)~ Minutes # 39- p 24 Imperial Boach, Calif 
( Stcphens): San Quintin, L.C. ( Orcutt); Tepoca Bay, Sonora, Mexe ( Lowe); 
Pta. Ponasco, San Carlos Bay, Santa Maria Bay, Caremen Ids., san Bonito Ids~ 
Espiritu Santo , La Paz ( Lowo). 
Taras ( Folaniolla) scricatus ( Rocve)= Minutcs # 39= p 2% . Reported from 
@ stations in Lower Calif., 5 from the lowcr Moxican coast, Salvador,Nicaragua 
Costa Rioa, and Panama ( Lowe). 
Luoina ( Lucinisea ) nuttallii Conrad~ Minutes # 40- p 6= Ensenada, & La Paz 
L.C. and Guaymas, Sonora, Moxico ( Lowo). 
Lucina ( Epilucina) cal‘ fornica Conrad= Minutcs # 40~ p 7=8, San Felipe (Abbott 
Fodos Santos Bay, LeC., Codros Island ( Lowe). 
Lucina ( Parvilucina) approximata Dall= Minutes # 40- p 8. 30 and 35 fms. 
off Catalina Island, San Bonico Islands in 10 fms., Magdalena Bay -( Lowe). 
Ploctodon scabcr Carpontor~ Minutes # 38 p 14, 35 fmse Catalina Asland 
( Lowc); 10 fms. San Benito Is, L.C. & 20 fms. Carmen Id., Gulf Cal. ( Lowo). 


“4le p 21 
Family CARDIIDAE 
Genus Cardium Linnaeus, 1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Children, 1823) 
Cardium costatum Linnaeus. 
“Tt is generally considered that Cardium_s.s. is not represented in the 
fauna of this coast. Some authors have been disposed to place all of our spec= 
-les in various subgenera of Cardium. However, the consensus of opinion at 
this time seems to be to give them generic stnnding. 

The members are by no means in accord on the proper taxonomy to follow 
with this groupe Mr.e George Willett made the following comments: " Am return 
~ing your manuscript with quite 1 number of notes on the different species. 
Regarding the Cardium group as a whole ( that is, our west American species), 
excluding Serripes, our species appear to me to group more or less naturally 
as follows: 
quadragenarium ~ elatum procerun 
nuttalli . substristum 
ciliatum biangulatum 
californécum é 
fucanum 
centifilosum 

If Cardium is to be discarded as 1 genus for our shells, my main criticism 
of ‘your arrangement would bes 

I see no good reason for recognition of Clinocardium os a full genus. To 
me, nuttalli, ciliatum, etc. are much more like quadragenorium than is procer= 
“um which you include with it, and the latter in hinge characters is very close 
to 0 biangulatum, Also, it looks to me as though centifilosum is not more than 
subgenerically different from californicum or fucanum, If Cardium is not to be 
used= and you have plenty of good authority for not using it- I t= 1 think I would 
prefer Grant and Gale's arrangement to yours, though I think they have procerum 
in the wrong place and I om not suro that biangulatum is more than subgeneri- 
-cally different. 

The type of Cardium is superficially very different from any of our spec~ 
-ies, but in hinge and thinness of shell it is very similar to some of them. 

I admit that the continued use of Cardium may be regarded as a concession to 
convenience, but to me othcr arrangements so far proposed are so inconvinoing 
as regards their taxonomic accuracy that I am continuing to follow Ball. 112, 
except in the use of Protocardia." 


Genus Trachycardium Morch, 1853. Type ( by subsequent designation, von Martens 
1870), fardtan isocardia Linnacus. 

® Shell strongly ribbed and generally with numerous arched, recurved or 
denticulated scales onther ibs. The posterior slope has these scales much 
accentuated and may be the only area on the shell surface where scales occur. 
Shells in this come are generally higher than long® ( Clench & Smith-Johnsonia) 


Subgenus Devices aa Stewart, 1930. Type ( by original designation) ,Cardium 


quadragenarium Conrad. 
Dallocardia differs from Trachycordium 8.8. * The cardinals are slightly 


posterior and the hinge scems to bo the same as that of T, isocardia, except 

that it is not so heavy." ( Stewart, Spec. Pub. #3, Acad. Nate Scie Phila. p254) 

Trachycardium ( Vel oceme nay uadragenarium Conrad, 1837. ° Santa Barbara,Cal.f, 
odos Santés Bay, Lower Valif. ( Dall, 1921). Type Loce near Santa Banweae 
6ollecting data: We have taken this. species living in upper Newport Bay, 

Calif., the Estero below Ensennda, Mexico and have dredged it in many localit- 

-ies off the coast. It has an interesting habit of seeming to literally leap 

out of the sand immediately before the return of tho tide. Collecting gets 

good just before you have to start running or swimming. The bathymetric range 


#41- p 22 

is rather interesting. We have dredged it plentifully off Redondo Beach 

in the 25 fathoms gravel and have also brought up young specimens only 
from as decp as 75 fathoms. It is odd that the young should seem to be 
taken in deeper water than the adults. We also dredged it off Avalon, Cat- 
~alina Island in 25 fathoms and elsewhere along the coast of southern Cal~ 
-ifornia. It is nct uncommon in the San Pedro Pleistocene ( Burch); off Pt. 
Loma and in Mission Bay ( San Diego Museum); Mission Bay ( W. K. Emerson). 


Subgenus Mexicardia Stewart, 1930. Type ( by original designation) ,Cardium 


rocerum Sowerbye 
i oe placed Ce procerum under Ringicardiuwa Fischer, 1887. Stewart says of 
this ° Superficially T- procerum resembles Ringicardium_ ese but T. procemm 
has a heavier hinge and the cardinals are equidistant between the laterals 
while in Ringicardium the cardinals are close to the posterior laterals. 
The hinge and outline of T. procerum are similar to ‘rachycardium.® ( Stew- 
-art, 1930). Ts 
Trac hycardium ( Mexicardia) procerum Sowerby, 1833, Pleistocene of Baldwin 
Hillis, Los Angeles ( County and San Diego. Range living by Dall ® Cerros 
Island to Payta, Peruse" This species is not of the Recent fauna of the 
California coast and should be ommitted . However, Dall listed it in Bull, 
112. 


Genus Clinocardium Kecn, 1936. Type ( by original designation), Cerdium 
nuttallii Conrad, 

"Shell medium to large, trigonal, oblique, usually ventricose; beaks 
recurved, prosogyrate; position of the umbones varying with age but usually 
at two thirds the distance between posterior and anterior ends of the shell; 
dorsal margin very broadly arched, sloping downward at an angle of about 
25 degrees, ventral and anterior margins broadly rounded; opidermis closely 
adherent, brownish; sculpture of 28 to 55 rounded radial ribs and concentr- 
~ic growth lines which may cross the ribs as conspicuous loops, never as 
spines; lunule when present circumscribed , never impressed; escutcheon 
inconspicuous; ligament in dorsal view long, narrow and oval. Interior 
porcellaneous, ventral and anterior margins crenulate; hinge arched; card- 
~inals in each valve slightly nearer anterior than posterior laterals; ant- 
-erior cardinal of left valve stronger than posterior, recurved, posterior 
cardinal of right valve stronger than anterior, also recurved; ligament 
not elevated on a short shelly platform; beaks originating at a point sli- 
-ghfly anterior to the anterior cardinals; muscle scars large; pallial 
line simple. Specimens arnge in length up to about 120 mm” ( Keen, 1926, 
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist,, vol. 8, no. 17, pp» 119-120), 

Dre Ae Myra Keen has sent us a key to our species of Clinocardium, 

I. Rihs nodosely sculptured ssiccssacieessssecsencrees sere nubeal win 
Ribs not nodosely sculptured cwoeseecvesserescseeseevee 2 
Ze Ribs heavy; posterior area with one or more flexuous 
PULTOWS ceceececesccenevesccvccteecenccssecsccsegeos ecaliforniense 
Ribs not heavy; posterior area without flexuous furrows oe. 3 
3e Ribs more widely spaced on anterior third than on middle 
third of the shell esccsesccvecccrnacsssevvcccsvsosceeee Ciliatum 
Ribs about evenly spaced on the anterior and middle thirds .. 4 
4, Length of shell greater than height, valves not consp- 
sicuously ventricose, ribs about 45-50 in number ..+...+. fucanum 
Length of shell equal to height, valves ventriease, 
ribs about 40 in number sesocsseeevesenvecseccvecrsassveve Diandum 


; #ile p 23 
Clinocardium blandum ( Gould), 1850. Procs Boston. Soce Nate Hist. vol. 3, 
pe o76. Tyye looality, Puget Sound, Washington. 
The original description of this species which was ommitted from Bull. 
112 and Oldroyd follows: " Tests parva, tenuis, subcircularis, vix transversa, 
ventricosa, postice subtruncata, cinereo-rufescens, costis planulatis radian~ 
~-tibus ad 4Q insculpta, sulco angusto sejunctis, et liris concentricis tenu~ 
~issimis, arcuatis, reflexis, decussatis: umbonibus medianis, tumidis, denud~ 
~atis, eburneis; cavositas albida; margine interno crenulato; cardine debili. 
Longe 1; alt. 4/5; lat. 3/5 polle Hab. Puget Sound.” 
Dre A. Myra Keen ( Personal Comm. Sept. 1944) states * The species 

C. blandum has been confused with both californiense and fucanum. It is 
dietinct by reason of number of ribs, ventricosity, ovate outline, and deep 
channels between the ribs slong the central cren of the shell, I have seen 
the holotype in the National Museum and have studied a large growth series 
from Puget Sound. The characters seem to be constant witha gee I have seem it 
living only from Puget Sound, but it did occur as far south as San Pedro in 
the Pleistocene. I can submit snmple specimens if you find you have none; 
you may have it labelled fucanum.® 

Grant end Gale) 1931, placed the above species inthe synonymy of 
californiense Deshayes,. 

CTinocardium nuttallii ( Conrad), 1837. ° Nunivak, Pribilof, and Commander 
Slands, Bering Sea, south to Hakodate, Japan, and San Diego, California, 
( Lower California ?) ( Dall, 1921). 

It is unfortunate that the name of this species must be changede A host 
of collectors have sets labelled Cardiwn corbis Martyn.This has been the 
accepted name of this species from © time out of mind®. However, there seems 
to be no doubt but that Martyn's names are in many instances too confused 
for explanation ond use. An excellent discussion of this matter is given by 
Stewart, 1930, Spec. Pubs Noe 3, Acad. Nate Sci. Philae, pe 260. 

Collecting data: We have collected this species common in Puget Sound 
near Port Orchard, Wash. It is not uncommon in Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo 
Coe We dredged it off Monterey, Calif. in less than 20 fathoms. Our most 
southerly record is Mugu, Ventura Co., Calif. where we took specimens in Jab 
1941. It is not uncommon in some of the San Pedro Pleistocene deposits(Burch) 
southeast Alaska, common at low tide ( G» Willett); reported by W.J. Eyerdam 
from " many places in State of Washingtona nd British Columbia, and Alaska 
as far as Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands, also in the gulf of Kronotski 
“and Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka. This species reaches its maximum size in the cold 
waters of Alaska. The following are a few large specimens of my collection: 


Length Width Height 

' Afognak I. 109 mm 95 mm 75 mm 
Sitkalidak I. 112 mm 108 mm 80 mm 
Cordova 112 mm , 110 mm 85 mm 
Raspberry 125 mm 120 mm 74 mmee 8 fms 


But we have a recent note from Dr. Ae Myra Keen of Stanford University 
in which sho states “ We have recently received a specimen of Clinocardium 
nuttallii larger than Mr. Eyerdam's record-sized specimens. This was collec= 
sted on Atka Island, Alaska, by JeTs Barnaby, a member of the U.S, Fish and 
Wildlife Service, in 1941. Both valves are intact and in perfeet condition: 
The measurements are: length, 145 mm, height 138 mm, thickness, 102 mmo” \ 
Other collecting records of this species are, Windfall Harbor, Admiralty 
Is., Alaska (.Kate Stephens); Puget Sound ( Hemphill); Orcas Id., 10-30. fms \ 
( F. Baker)3 Japan ( Anderson Collection); Morro and San Francisco Bays ( Lowe \ 
Vancouver Island, B.C. ( Baker). 


#41~- p 24 
Clinocardium ciliatum ( Fabricius), 1780. " Circumboreal. Arctic Ocean 
and southward to Puget Sound and North Japan® ( Dall, 1921). Johnson 
gives the Atlantic range “ Greenland to Cape Cod, Mass.” Type locality, 
Greenland. 

Collecting datas: Kukak, Alaska Pens beach, Wrangel, 50 fms., Ketchikan, 
Alaska 2040 fms. ( G. Willett); Punuk I., Bering Sea, 15 fos., Prince Wm. 
Id., 18 fms., Frederick Sound 12 fms. ( Lewis); Izhut Bay, Afognak Id.e. 
dredged sandy bottom 1922 ( W.J. Eyerdam); Bering Id... 65 fms. clay,Vega 
Expd. 1879 ( Eyerdam); Tromsosund, Norway and Hinchinbrook Id. dredged ( Nor~ 
~berg)¢ Eyerdam); 

Clinoctrdium californiense ( Deshayes), 1841, “ Japan, Bering Sea eastward 
to Sitka, Alaska. Type loeality, Kamchatka. 

There has been so much confusion about the differences between this 
species and C. fucanum that many of our collecting records are in question 
and the specimens in our collections should be studied again. The matter is 
stated by Dr. A, Myra Koen ( Personal Comm. Sept. 1944) as follows: 

* The species C. californiense is Asiatic in distribution and occurs 
no farther east than Sitkea, Alaska. Most of the specimens I have seen come 
from Japanand the Bering Sea area. The type locality is Kamchatka, at least 
as indicated by the only specimen in the Paris Museum that seems to corres~ 
“pond with the original figuro. The original description said * Cotes de 
Californie", which apparently was a bit of poetic license, The shell is 
much heavier than the west American form usually labelled ® californiense®, 
and the posterior slope, even in young specimens, has a peculiar undulating 
furrow in addition to the normal ribbing. 

Ce fucanum Dall is the common West American form, most abundant in 
Puget Sound, but ranging from Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey, Dall cites it 
from the Bering Sea, but I have not seen specimens from there, It is dist- 
“inguished from true * californiense by its squarish ribs and rounced, 
shallow interspaces, especially on the middle third of the shell, where the 
pera is often faint. In the Pleistocene it ranged as far south as San 
Pedro. 

Collecting data: In view of the above statement by Dre Keen the follow~ 
-ing collecting records are given with the suggestion that most of the 
specimens involved will prove to he C. fucanum after further study. 

5-20 fms. from Borton Sd., Bering Sea to S.k. Alaska, Forrester I., Craig 
etc. ( G. Willett); San Juan I., Puget Sound ( Lowe Coll.); Nemuro, Japan, 

( Dr. Fred Baker); many places in Puget Sound and in Alaska at Izhut Bay, 
Afognak I, Evans, Knight, Sitkalidak I. and Kodiak I. ( W.J. Eyerdam) 
Clinocardium fucanum ( Dall), 1907, ® Southern Bering Sea, off Unimak Island, 
and south to Monteroy, Calif." ( Dall, 1921). Keen " Abridged Check List® 
gives lat. 37 to 57, Type locality, Juan de Fuca Strait. 

Collecting data: Dredged off Jionterey, Calif. in 10,25 and 49 fathoms 
( Burch); Forrester Island, Alaska CG. Willett); San Juan Islands, Puget So 
-wnd. dredged ( Dr. Fred Baker); Puget Sound ( Oldroyd); Strait of Fuoa, 
Victoria, B.C. and Sawmill Bay, Pr. Wm. Sound, and Sitkalidak I., Alaska 
( Wede Eyerdam) .« 


Two species reported only fossil were listed in Bulletin 112. Unless 
advised otherwise we shall not consider them as part of the Recent fauna 
of this coast. They are: Clinocardium decoratum Grewingk, 1850 from the 
Pleistocene of Alaska and British Columbia, and Clinocardium californiense 
comoxense Dall, 1990 from the Pleistocene of Vancouver Island. 

Dre As Myra Keen advises ws on this ® I know of no Recent records of 
Ce decoratum or C, comoxense", 


#Aale p 25 
Genus Trigoniocardia Dall, 19@0. Type ( by originnl designation) Cardium 
graniferum Broderip and Sowerby. 

Shell with the posterior slope sharply to moderately descending. 
Strongly ribbed, the ribs generally being somewhat smaller on the posterior 
slope. Channels between the ribs concentrically sculptured with fine thread 
like ridges. The anterior lateral teeth are crowded against the cardinals.” 
( Clencha nd Smith= Johnsonia), 

Subgenus Trigoniocardia 8.8. 

* Shell with posterior slope moderately descending, strongly ribbed 
and possessing concentric sculpture between the ribs; generally white or 
grayish on the outside, white or slightly colored with streaks or a blotch 
of reddish brown on the inside. Hinge having the anterior lateral teeth 
close to the cardinal tecth, the posterior Interals more distant.” ( Clench 
and Smith- Johnsonia). 

Trigoniocardia ( Trigoniocardia) eudoxie Dall, 1916. % Catalina Island to 
Guif of California® ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Gulf of California. 

This species is stated in full above. However, the species will be 
ommited from our permanent liste Dre A. Myra Keen advises us about the 
two records of this species 1s follows ( Pere Comm. Sept. 1944) * Trigonio- 
-cardia eudoxia Dall should be stricken from the list. The holotype, from 
the Gulf of California , is 2 young Trachycardium ( Mexicardia) procerum. 
The specimen from Catalina Island recorced in Bull. lie is at the National 
Museum; it is a Trachyoardium of some sort, young, about 3 mm. in diameter, 
with 24 sharp ribs, bearing prickles on the posterior slope. It may be a 
ballast shell. The label carried no collecting date". 


Subgenus Americardia Stewart, 1930. Type ( by original designation), Cardium 
medium Linnaous. 
"Shell fairly heavy and generally blotched with brown or brownish 
rede Hinge having the anterior latvural and posterior lateral teeth about 
the same distance from the cardinal teeth.e® ( Clenchand Smith-Johnsonia). 
There has been some difference of opinion about considering Americardia 
and Trigoniocardia as separate genera. Dr» As Myra Koen advisos ( Pore Note 
Sept. 1814) "Amoricardia looks like a good genus to me, but I hold no 
special brief for it if you peefer to subordinate it to Trigoniocardia.® 
However, Stewart described it as a subgenus and it is used as a subgenus 
by Clench-and Smith in Johnsonia.s Dr. Joshua L. Baily Jr. writes % I say 
sub genus". 


Trigoniocardia ( Americardia) biangulata Sowerby, 1829. ™ San Pedro, Calif. 
to Panama” ( Dall, 1921). to Guayaquil ( Jordan 1924). Type locality, St. 


Elena and Isle of Plata, We Colombia. to Redondo Beach ( Burch). 

Collecting data: Dredged in 10,25,35 fms. off Avalon, Catalina Island, 
Calif, also off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fms. gravel, dredged off Punta 
Banda, Todos Santos Bay, Mexico snd also dead valves taken littoralat Funta 
Banda and also on Catalina Island. In connection with the bathymetric range 
we hesitate to list one of 10/9 fnthoms off Redondo Beach in which we krought 
up & number of dead valves but no living specimens. ( Burch); Mission Bay, 
San Diego Cos ( WeK. Emerson); Catalina Island in 30 fms. ( Lowe Colle). 


Genus Laevicardium Swainson, 1840. Type ( by subsequent designation) Stol~ 
~iczka, 1571), Cardium oblongum Gmelin. 

* Shell generally inflated, moderately thin, smooth to very finely 
ribbed, not gaping. Lateral teeth prominent and large, the anterior laterals 
being nearer to the cardinals. Cardinal teeth small but well developed.® 
( Clenchand Smith- Johnsonia). 


a #4l~ P 26 
Laevioardium elatum Sowerby, 1833. % San Pedro, Calif. south to Panama” ( Dall 
Type locality, Gulf of Californin. 

Collecting datas Dead valves are commonly washed in from the shallow 
off shore reef between Huntington Beach and Long Beach, Calif. It is common 
in many of the local Pleistocene deposits. However, I have never seen a | 
8pecimea said to have beon taken alive in southern California leaving the 
question that the specimens washed in are either fossil or subfossil, Mr. W. 
Ke Emerson writes that it is found in a semifossil condition in San Diego 
Baye Specimens from the Gulf of California are abundant and in most collec 
-tions.( Burch). Reported from Corinto, Nicaragua by Wed, Eyerdam, 1938. 
Laevicardium substriatum Conrad, 1837. Mugu, Ventura Coe, Calif. south to 
Acapnico. Dall in Eull. 112 gave the range © Catalina Island and San Pedro 
south..” Cooper listed it " Monterey to South America®, However, it is a- 
southern shell and Ihave seon no specimens from farther north than our own 
collection at Mugu. Type locality, San Divgo. ‘ 

Collecting data: We found this species very common in the slough at 
Mugu, Ventura Co. which is an extention of the range as given of some 75 
miles.: It is.not uncommon off Redondo Beach in water as deepas 25 fathoms. 
It is, of course, one.of the most sbundant species in such localities as 
Anaheim, Alamitos, Nowport, Mission Bays on south to the Estero below Ensen~ 
~ada in our experience. { Burch). 


Genus Serripes Gould,1841. Type ( by monotypy), Cardium groenlandicum Brug= 
emulere, 1789. we Se pe 

" Shell subcordiform, compressed, subcquilateral; surface smooth or 
' slightly raciately striate; beaks prominent; cardinal and lateral teeth 
obtuse, small, almost obsolete.® ( Tryon S.S. Conche). a 
Serripes groenlandicus Bruguiere ,1789. * Ciroumboreal. Arotic Seas and 
south to Hakodate, Japan, and Puget Sound® ( Dall, 1921). Johnson gives 
Atlantic range *% Greenland to Cape Cod, Mass.* and lists a subspecies pros 
-~tractus Dall. 

‘Collecting data: Umnak I. to Petersburg, Alaska ( G. Willett); Norton 
Sound, Bering Sea,.5 fms. , Kodiak Island, 13-15 fms., Frederick Sound, 12 
fms. ( Lewis); Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, Sawmill Bey, Port Huron, Sitkalidak 
Ide, Alaska os. dredged in mud ( W.J. Eyerdam); Hinchinbrook Id,and Tromso= 
“sund, Norwayee Ingvard ( Norberg); Gcdhaven, Greeblande. coll. by: Johann 
Moller .. Topotypes , Bering Island by Vega Exped. 1879, 65 fms. clay~sand 
( Eyerdam Collection); ; ; an 
-Serriges laperousii Deshayes, 1839, “ Bering Strait to-Hakodate, Japan,’ 

and Sitka, Alaska™ ( Dall, 1921), Type locality, ® Mers ‘de California”. 

‘ It has boen our opinion that this is a West Coast species, However, 

Mrs Yeorge Willett of the Los Angeles Museum recently worked up some material 
from Greenland and found S. laperousii in it. Therefore it seems that both 
laperousii and groenlandicus sre circumboreal, 

' ‘Collecting data: Mr. George Willett informed us that this species is 
taken usually in shallow water. Reported, Kodiak Island, dead on the beach 
(-Ge Willett); Punuk I., Bering Sea, 18 fms., Nunivak I., Bering Sea, 8~1U 
fmse, Prince Wm. Sound 18 fms., ( Lewis); ncar Victorla, British Columbia, 

( Whiteaves); Kodiak, Woodyand Raspberry Islands in the Kodiak group, coll+ 
“ected by W.J. Eyerdam .. dredged on sandy bottome Dimensions of the two 
largest specimens are as follows: 


Length yo Width pees 


120 mm 95 mm 60 mm - 


mC a 


‘#41© p 27 
Genus Nemosardium Meek, 1876. Type ( by monotypy), Cardium semiasperum Deshe 
* shell comparatively smnll, with fine ribs, the ribs of different 
character on the posterior part of the shell, being spinose, tuberculate, or 
cancellate instead of simple.*® ( Grant & Gale,1931). 

. Dall placed the species involved here under the genus Protocardia Bey= 
~rich, 1845, and was, of course, followed by Oldroyda nd others. Stewart in 
Spec. Pube Now 3, ANCP, states of Nemocardium, * This genus is separated 
from Protocardia by the fine radiating ribs of the anterior region which are 
represented by the fine crenulations on the internal margin of the shells In 
Protocardia this region has concentric ribse® 
: ~ Dre As Myra Keon in ™ Abridged Check List” uses Nemocardium, Grant and 

Gale,1931, also used Nemoeardium but considered it a subgenus of Laevicardiun, 
a conclusion apparently not generally sccepteds 
Dre As Myra Keen ( Personal Comme. Septe 1944) says of this * In my rev- 
eision of the Cardiidae,-on which I have been working for about nine years 
now, I, regard Nemocardium as a member of a different.-subfamily from Laevicare 
~dium. Naturally, I can't agree with Grant end Gale classification of this 
and Trachycardium as subgenera of Laovicardium. The species of centifilosum 
and richardsonii are not Nemocardium in the strict sense, but until a rev- 
-ision of the whole group is published, this is the best allocation available. 
The. allocation to Protocardia, a Cretaceous genus, is definitely out.® 
Nemocardium centifilosum ( Carpenter), 1864. " Bodega Bay to Lower Calif.® 
(Dail, 1921). Type locality, Monterey, Calif. 
. Collecting data: We have found this species a very common dredged shell 
“all along the coast recording it from off Monterey in 10-40 fmse, El Segundo 
in 35 fms., Redondo Beach in 25=75 fmse ,. Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fmse, 
Santa Cruz Island in 50 fms., snd off Ensenada, Mexico in 50 fms. ( Burch); 
off San Diego, Calif. in 55 fms. ( Dre Fred Baker)3 San Pedro, Calif. in 20 
fmse, Catalina Island in 30 fms., Newport, Calif. in 30 fms. ( G. Willett). 
Nemocardium centifilosum richardsonii Whiteaves, 1878. % Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia to 5an Francisco® ( Dall )» Keen = Abridged Check 
List" gives lat. 38@55 which is from about San Francisco to Forrester Island, 
-Aleska where it was taken by Mr. George Willett. Type locality, Straits of 
Georgin between Race Island,and Lighthouse and Victoria Harbor, British Col- 
~umbitie ; : a 
Collecting datas Mr. George Willett reported taking this species off 

Forrester Island, Alaska in 6060 fms. but also comments ® I can see no 
difference between this and the last except size.® Mr, W.J. Eyerdam reports 
it from Strait of Georgia, B.C. eee Izhut Bay, Afognak Id. and Smith's 

Cove, Seattle, Washe in mud 15 fms. 


Family VESICOMYACIDAE ! 
‘Genus Vesicomya Dall, 1886. Type, Callocardia atlantica Smith. 

* Meiocardia but without lateral teeth; epidermis polished, umbones moderately 
prominent; lunule ciroumseribed by a groove; otherwise as in Meiocardia®(Dall 
The treatment of this section is a little puzzling as used by some 
authors. For example Johnson in Mollusea of the Atlantic Coast uses Vesicomya 

as a subgenus of Pitar in the Veneridaese However, Dre Joshua Le Baily dr. 
advises that the consensus of opinion is.apainst such usngee 

None of the members report hoving specimens of this familye 
Vesicomya ovalis Dall, 1896. " Clarence Strait, Alaska, 322 fathoms, and in 
Panama Bay, in 1,672 fathoms® ( Dall). 
Vesicomya lepta Dall, 1896. * off Tillamook, Oregon and south to the Guif of 
California in deep watere® ( Dall). 
Vesicomya stearnsii Dall, 1995. " Off La Jolla, Calif. and south to the Gulf 
of nteeke In deep water® ( Dall). 


Subgenus Archivesica Dall, 1908. ‘Typo, Vesicchya ghpic Dall, Gulf of Calif. 
Muse Compe 2o0le, Vole 43, pe 418. 

* Shell inflatedly modioliform, mesinlly slightly constricted, with the 
hinge plate short and broad anc the hinge tecth radially disposed; lunule not 
circumscribed by on impressed line; pallial line without a sinus, but descen~ 
~ding nearly vertically from the midcle of the posterior aductor scar,* 
Vesicomya ( Archivesica) gigas Dull,1896. “ off Point Sur, California,a nd 


n the Gulf of California in deep water.® ( Dell, 1921). 


Drs A. Myra Keen advises ® Woodring, 1938, Prof. Paper, U.S. Geol. Survey 
noe 19A, pe 5O, places Calyptogena in the Vesacomyacidae also. Apparently the 
group is better regarded as of the Isocardiacea than of the Veneracea.® 

We ciscussed the genus Calyptogena uncer the Carditidae. 


Additions and Corrections 
The genus Nuculann was discussed in our Minutes # 33, pp 9-11. The following 
new species described by Mre George Willett of the Los Angeles Museum should 
be added to the list. 
Nuculana burchi Willett, 1944. Bulletin, So. Calif. Academy of Sciences, vole 
43, pt. ap 1944, Pp 71=73, Pi, 14, figed. 

* Shell brownish or olivaceous,trigonal, oblong,rather flat; rounded 
anteriorly, bluntly pointed posteriorly; posterior dorsal margin slightly 
curved; beaks subcentral, not prominent. Exterior sculpture of flattened ribs 
with narrower interspaces; sculpture less arcuate than growth lines. Anterior 
teeth 20-22, posterior teeth about 15. Resilium triangular, short, projecting 

Type, right and left valves, Noe 1966 Los Angeles founty Museum. Type and 
10 additional valves collected by John Q. and Tom burch, in 5% fathoms off 
Redondo, California. Two additional valves taken 5 miles off El Segundo, Calif. 
The type right valve measures; longe 12.2, alt. 767, lat. 204 mm. The largest 
valve in the type lot ( Burch coll.) measures 14x8.7x2.5 mm. 

This shell is very similar to Ne cellulijta Dall, but differs from that , 
species in flatter ribs and narrower interspoces, producing a smoother surface; 
and shorter and more projecting resilium. It is also proportionately more 
slender than cellulita, and no specimens seen are as large as adults of that 
species. Burchi differs from Ne taphria in being faotter , with blunter pos~ 
-terior end, straighter posterior dorsal margin, and very much finer ribbing." 


Periploma ( Halistrepta) sulcatna Dall, 1904, See Minutes # 37, p 12. 
Among the shells dredgéd off Redondo Beach, Calif. by the Burches 
- were specimens questionably allocated to the above species- from the 265 
fathom gravel beds. Dr» A. Myra Keen recently examined one of them and . 
returned the following note " .. The larger is more like P. ( Halistrepta) 
Suleata Dall than anything else in the literature. It is evidently immature 
and is longer than the holotype of sulcata , with less regular concentric 
ridges, but otherwise conforms well with the figure and description.” 
We were rather disposed to think we had a new species, but will accept 
Dre Keen's advice and leave the lubel suloata, for the time beings 


Minutes # 40- pp 9-19 = We have quoted so freely from Dre Dall's great 
work in the Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Phtite 
~adelphia Vol. III, that we may ask to be excused if we occasionally run 
& quotation and fail, to give the proper reference ond place our gaotation 
marks where they should be placed. The above pages contained such a CabG6s 
We mentioned Dr. Dall at the bottom of page 9 but foiled to give the refers ~ 
~ence from which it was copiede It was the above work Jol. SII, pte 5, 
pp 1114-1115, 


#41 p 29 
New Publications Received 

* New Species of Mollusks From Redondo, California" by G. Willett, Bulletin 
So. Calif. Academy of Sciences, vol. 43, pt» 2, pp 71-75, figse 14, 1944, 

Your editor begs pardon for seeming to brag but after all four new 
species in one papor is pretty good. Mre Willett starts this paper with 
the statement " Among the many interesting mollusks dredged by. John Q. and 
Tom Burch off Redondo Beach, California, the following appear to be new 
to science, and are hero desceribede® 

The new species described are: Nuculana burchi, Volvulella tenuissima, 
Philine californica , and Molanclla rofie == "= = ————~S 


" The Genus Modulus in the Western Atlantic ° by Re Tucker Abbott, Johnsonia 
noe 14, Oct. 16, 1944. 
* The Genus Columbarium in the Western Atlantic” by William J. Clench, John~ 
~sonia, now 15, Oct. 16, 1944, 
" The Genera Casmaria, Gnleoden, Phalium and Cassis in the Western Atlantic® 
Johnsonia now 16 and by Dre Weds Clenche 

With the above outstanding papers a note was inclosed from the editors 
in which they advise that they plan to complete the first volume of John= 
~sonia in about 300 pages and immedintely start work on volume two. A title 
page, introduction and complete index will be supplied subscribers. 


The Annual Report for hhe year 1943 of the Chicago Natural History Museum. 

Several fine reports are included among the multitudinous activities 
of this great institution. Dr. Fritz Hans, Curator of Lower Invertebrates, 
is reported to be engaged in 2 revision of his divisions collections, with 
a by-product of taxonomic and other intcresting notese 

SEO RR OR IES 

Major Hubert G. Schenck, of Stanford University is now in New Guinea, where 
he is in charge of a school for training Civil Affairs officers and mene 
Mre William G. Fargo, of Jackson, Michigan is now at his winter address, 
P.O. Box 874, reece ie Florida. 
Dre Sylvia Covert Shippey, 1022 Security Bldg., Long Beach, Califs * My son 
fs located on ono of the islands of tho Phoenix group in the So. Pacific. 
He has become quite interested in collecting shells. I understand you have 
pamphlets on shells in different areas. Will you mail him the ones that 
would be of the most interest to him. Am enclosing $1 to be applied on the 
cost as I would like to get the material as soon as possible. If you have 
books or articles you think would be of value let me know so that I may 
send them 60 him. Mail to Roderick A. Shippey, NoA.TeS. Pacific, Navy 1301, 
c/o Fleet Post Office, San Francisco, Calife 

It is a shame that we do not have some good publications covering 
the fauna of the central Pacific. We will send Mr. Shippey what we can 
but it will be very inadequate. If any of tho members have any suggestions 
please let us hear them as we are being deluged with similar requests. 
JeMe Dowdle, S 2/c, P.AeD.e #3, Navy 167, c/o Fleet Post Office, San Fran= 
~cisco, Calif. We were delighted to have a long letter from Jack and also 
a recent photograph. The picture looksas if Jack has been sweating off not 
a few pounds. We hope not too manye ® eee I never get time to do any live 
collecting, I havem however, done fairly well beach combing. Aside from some 
of the better known Cypraea and Conus, I haven't the figgiest notion just 
what I have. I am sending you a representative group and you can have the 
pleasure of identifying theme «+. I have # quantity of material that I intamd 
to givo to the Club when I get back. It will be of interest because of loce 
“ality, if for no other reasone® 

Jack is in New Guinea, and if he follows his interest in collecting 
small species should send back somo interesting things. 


#1 p 
A RANCHO LA BREA LANDSNAIIL™ Repeatedly the statemont has been madd that 
there were no mollusca in the Rancho La Brea deposits. In a recent article 
Dre Stock stated that fragments of mollusks had been found in the La Brea 
pits. About 24 years ago while visiting the Los Angeles Museum and talking 
with Mr. Lytle, vertebrate paleontologist, he told me about some snails which 
had been found with the La Brea fossils. When I seemed interested he offered 
to show them to mee On a shelf in one of tho rooms where boxes of bones were 
stored were many small boxes and the first dozen or so he looked into contained 
small bones of birds and rodents. Then came a box containing fossil beetles 
and finally he opened a box containing three well preserved specimens of a 
land snail. The shells were stained dark brown as are the other La Brea foss= 
~ils, They were of a size end form suggesting the genus Holospira, very diff~ 
~erent from anything now living in southern California. Holospira belongs to- 
the Urocoptidae, It is a genus of Central America and comes north as far as 
southeastern Arizona and the extreme southern portions of New Mexico and 
Texas. It is not surprising that at a time when there were elephants, masto- 
-dons, camels, ground sloths and numerous other forms of mammals so diverse 
from our recent fauna, one should likewise find landsnails which are quite 
dissimilar from species now existent. However, the only other southern Calif~ 
~ornia Pleistocene landsnails of which I can find any record are Helmintho~ 
“glypta tudiculata ( Binney), Glyptostoma nowberryanum ( Binney) and Zonitoides 
arboreus ( Say), 411 common forms in our recent faund. 

Wheat happened to these fossil La Brea snails ? Where are they now ? To 
what spg¢cies should they be assigned 7? Is it extinct ? If still living, what 
is its present distribution ? Different members of tho museum staff have been 
consulted on this matter but no one hes offered any answersSe - We. O« Gregge 

AVBERGE RRMA EREREKE EER 
RECENT PUBLICATION® © The Meting of the Landsnail Haplotrema concavum ( Say)* 
by Glenn R. Webb. The American Midland Naturalist, vole 30, no. 2, pp 341-345, 
September, 1943, This is an excellent illustrated article, of particular 
interest to those working on anatomy and physiology of terrestrial gastropods. 
W.O. Gregge . 
SRKEREE EEE KE EEE REESE EKKH ES 
War Doesn't STop Glenn Webbe I have received a number of letters from Pvte 
Glenn Webb, now serving with the armed forces ® somewhere in France*®, In spite 
of the war, he still finds time between military dyties to carry on his 
researches on mollusea. Of particular interest to me were letters recently 
received from him containing very fine drawings of anatomical parts of a 
Slugwhich he has beenstudying, also data on his observations, This slug proves 
to be the same species as that introduced and now common in the San Francisco 
Bay region which, as pointed out by Dr. Pilsbry, is Deroceras panormitanum ( 
Less. & Polls). Formerly it has been confused with D. lacvee WoO. Gregge 
PP EST CCI CSCCOLCCOEOSOCOCOSL OLE ESL ST 
LIVE MOLLUSKS NEEDED FOR RESEARCH Extensive research on the sohistosomiasis 
problem is being conducted at the National Institute of Health. It is now 
desired to obtain living specimens of Tryonia protea ( Gould)( Paludestrina 
protea) as this form not only is very closely related to thh Asiatic Oncomelan- 
-la but from available published data.it has a similar ecology. I will be 
pleased to receive any information as to where living material of this species 
may be obtained. Any one who has opportunity to collect this species will 
greatly aid in this research by so doing. Living specimens may be packed in 
damp moss and sent fiirectly to Dr. Eloise Be Cram, Senior Zoologist, National 
Institute of Health, Bethesda, 14, Maryland by air mail. 
W.O. Gregg, 2200 S. Harvard Blvd.s, Los Angeles 7, Calif. 
RRB ERKHHS EAH KE KERHD E AK KH 


#41 p 31 
MINUTES OF THE NOVEMBER MEETING OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIF. 

The Conchological Club of Southern California met at the usual time and 
place Sunday, Nov. 5, 1944. 

The meeting was called to order by the President, Mrsse E.P. Chace and, “ 
due to inclement weather, there were but 10 of the ' old guard( present. 

The Nomenclature Committee reported two new articles on conchology by 
George Willett and Paul Bartsch, respectively, which will be reviewed else~ 
-where in the minutes. 

The next meeting being the one scheduled for the annual election of 
officers, Mrs» Chace named as nominating committee, Morris Caruthers, John 
Q. Bureh, a nd Irene Baker. 

It was brought to the attention of the club that the December meeting 
would also be the occasion of the * Christmas Grab-bag Party". 

Lest some of us have forgotten or have never attended such a session, all 
members or others who wish to attend, are asked to make up one or more Christ~ 
~masy packages of specimens they may have in duplicate and think others might 
care to receive ( No one should feel obliged to stay away, if they do not 
have such material for there will be packages enough for all). On arrival 
the packages are given to the * Grae Bag Custodian", usually Mre E.P. Chace, 
who sees to it that all comers receive a package~ not their owne 

In talking of old times Mrs. Chaee ( the lady with a memory) reminded 
the other old=timers that Jan. 7 is the birthday of one of these, Morris 
Carutherse 

The study of Cardiidae was then taken up and despite sharp lightning 
and heavy thunder, much of interest was discussed and considerable differ= 
-enoe of opinion aired and the sriall attendance did nothing to cause a lack 
of interest as 41] will discover who read the notes. 

The meeting was duly adjourned. Effie Me Clark, Secretarye 

BEI IDI IOI IGOR Ha 
Jose A. Freire, Heredia 3Q5, Santiago de Cuba, Cubae As soon as our associate 
from Cuba gets that dredge working we predict some fine and rare material 
will be brought upe 
Dre WeOo SEO EBe 2200 S. Harvard Blvd.s, Los Angeles 7, Calif. Your editor 
enjoyed a visit recently when Doc dropped in with some specimens of Tagelus 
collected seyeral years ago in the Venice canal near Playa del Rey, anit. 
After a great deal of discussion, comparison and consultation of the liter- 
“ature we decided that they were Tagelus affinis C.B. Adamse This is the sou- 
-thern species and so seldom Ce pierce have been disposed to 
challenge the reported range which is Santa Barhara southe ' 
Mrs. E-L. Palmer, 206 Oak Hill Road, Ithaca, NeYe We are honored to add this 
name to our permanent mailing list. Mrs. Palmer writes as “ Katherine V.We 
Palmer® and is the author of " The Veneridae of Eastern America, Cenozoic 
and Recent® and other fine paperse 
Lieutenant John E. Davis, 0924078, Box 562, LVAAF, Las Vegas, Nevada, This 
is the latest address we have and dated Nove 7. 
Paul He Reed, Publisher and Editor of Mollusca has mailed his Nos 2 issue. 
One of our associates, Mre Cele Blakeslee, Mendon Center Road, Pittsford, NeYe 
has a pobee bearing the title " Collecting from the Grand River of Ontario, 
Ganada” , and Dre David Ty Jones of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City 
has in this issue a clever little article bearing the title * Molluscan Perpl~ 
~exitiea”, 


#41 p 32 
Minutes of the Long Beach Shell Club 
he Long Beach Shell club met on Nov. 12. The program was an address 
by Dr. GeE. MacGinitie of the California Institute of Technologye We hope 
to have a detailed report for the next minutes. 
The next meeting of the club will be on Decemher 10. 
Mreend Mrs» James Le Goldie, 745 Gaviota Aves, Long Beach sent in a generous 
contribution to the expense fund of theso minutes, and wea re also glad to 
acknowledge the assistance of Miss Evelyn Davis , 270 Ravenna Dre, Long 
Beach ( Head of visual education in Long Beach schools). 
Dre GeEe MacGinitio, 1201 East California, Pasadena, Calif. We are honored 
to add this name to our subscription list, something we should have done 
long ego. Frequent quotations from his fine works appear in our papers, and 
especially from " Ecological aspect of a California marine estuary®, The 
American Misland Naturalist, vole 16:5, pe 629% 
Dre Hazel Wentworth, 119 Mira Mar, Long Beach, Calif. is the new address of 
Dre Wentworths ; 
' os CHOEKEREDE CES EERE EERE 
Argonauta pacifica Dall from San Pedro, Calif, 
ss Ruth FE. Eaton, 326 W. Sth, Long Beach 2, Calif. sends in the following 
Interesting note * I came across the statement in Minutes #31, pe 3 about 
Argonauta pacifica only having been found on the islands off shore. The 
finding of one containing tho animal, inside the breakwater, near the museum 
at San Pedro certainly is a novelty isn't it? 
WOE Oe ROE 
Exchangers please notes Mr» Harry C. Magnus, 510 43rd St., West Palm Bea ch 
Dr. A. Haven Smith, a fellow Rotarian with whom I have had the priviledge 
of exchanging some specimens, tells me of your Minutes etce etCee-ee Parhaps 
you can put me in touch with some of your members who may be interested 
in exchanging." 
Ted Dranga, 4340 8.W. 14th St., Miami 34, Florida. . Thanks for the generous 
onation, Ted and we are sincerely flattered to have your note ™ The Minutes 
are most interesting and informative. Keep up the good work," ; 
As probably all of us know, Ted Dranga is a dealer inf ine shells. On 
a shell visit to a fellow collector we rather expect him to dig out some 
rarity of rarities or beauty of beauties with the comment * I got thia one 
from ted Drange,” 
Homer V. Geib, 3064 Columbia St., San Diego 1, Calif. * Thanks for this 
month s notes and thanks forthe pleasure and the information the notes 
bring to me each month of the year= information of the near and the present, 
and information from afar, of the enthusiasts who seem to be pursueing 
dilligently their conchological studies even in the few precious moments | 
free from military duties, Haye you heard of any nice things being brought 
back from the east or south Pactéic ? So far, the natives seem to have 
turned the tables by swapping.worthless ‘ cat eyes' for hard earned ten 
Spots instead of Cypraea aurantias for glass beads, Ls 
; PT eee rEerer yr ; 
The following appeared in last sunday 's Los Angeles Times. I wonder. Will 
some ‘one please try it and advise. "DISCOVERY, They've found out how to make 
oysters open their shells all by themselves the moment you are ready to drop 
them into the stews Get them drunk on carbonated water and they immediately 
relax and take a deep yawne Quickly now, lift thom out» all fresh as daisiebe 
Dre HeF. Prytherck of the Unites States Fish and Wildlife Service has spent 
13 years experimenting,and the discovery is his. The plan is to develop a 
bicarbonate tablet to drop into water in which the oysters are immersede" 
Miss Lillian C, Smith, 41 Walker St., Cambridge, Mass, We are honored to_ 
add the name of one of Dre Clench's coworkers to our mailing liste 


™. 


#41~ Back Page 
Dre Jerome M, Schweitzer, 730 Fifth Ave., New York 22, NeY. % Thank you for 
the minutes of your meeting. Iam enclosing my check for $3 toward your good 
work. Please place me on your regular mailing list, and incidentally we would 
like to obtain specimens of Murex or Cypreea for our collection. We have a lst 
of ours if desirable. 
CeRe EE 276 30th St., San “rancisco 14, Calif. ® I find your publicat- 
-ion very interesting and after reading I mail them to the Inter-American 
University at Panama City." 
Earle Te Gammon, Associate Economie Entomologist, State of California Dept. of 
Agriculture, Sacramento 14, Calif. " The monthly reports of the Conchological 
Club of Southern Californin have been received regularlye 1 appreciate very 
much receiving these reports." | 
Alabama Musoum of Natural History, University, Alabama, We are happy to add 
the above name to our permanent mailing list. 
Professor B.Ke Greger, Fulton, Missouri. "I am at home forthe duration. My 
family address is Fleet P.O. Frisco. They are all in the Navy but me and I cen't 
even get a job * Deck Swabbing". I should be pleased to have your conchological 
paper and would like to belong to your society if you harbor Extra limitals.® 

Inasmuch as all of us that are left at home are in the same classification 
we will just assume that our friend Greger has beenduly initiated into our 
circle, 

Jose A. Freire, Heredia 305, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, ™ The object of this let- 
=ter is to let you know that I received the Minutes of the Conchological Club 
and J thank you very much. About the proceedure you said was needed for send= 
-ing material to Cuba depends upon the place where you send it. I mean, if you 
send any package to Cuba from a city where there is a Cuban Consulate, you have 
to go thryp all the red tape needed, but if in that city there is no consulate, 
then you do not have to bother about all the legal proceedures. I have a lot 

of correspondents who do not have to go thru all that trouble, I think that 
makes things clear and you may tell your friends so they will not be afraid 

to exchange with me. * 

Permit the editor to state that Mr. *reire sends beautiful and first class 
material and any exchanger who foils to correspond with him does so to his om 
loss. And I think it is safe to state that the Cuban land shellsa re the most 
highly colored shells that live. Some of them start arguments with visitors 
who claim that they must have been painted or dyede 
Leslie Hubricht, 300 E. Plume St., Norfolk 10, Virginiae " The above address is 
my permanent address. I will be here for the duration at least. When I am moved 
out any mail sent to me at the above address will be forwarded. I have found 
about 40 species of lands hells in Norfolk and vicinity including a half dozm 
introduced foreign snails. Helix aspersa occurs sparingly in the older parts 
of Norfolk and there is a specios of Helicella not in Pilsbry's Monograph that 
is abundant in several sections of the citys I am enclosing a dollar to help 
cover the costs of the Bull.® | 
WeH. Weeks, 508 Willoughby Avee, Brooklyn, NeY. We were glad to have a note 
from our friend Weeks in which among other things he asks about collectors in 

Hawaii ®.. ask if there are any collectors there now except Mr. Thaanam and 
who does not make exchanges. 4% We onll attention to the above hoping that 
Mr. Weeks will find another correspondent in Hawaii. Quite a bale of this 
little paper goes to Hawaiian collectors. 

Miss Dorothy E. Holzman, 40 W. 72nd St., New York, NeY, ® I don't have much 
time for shells at prosent. Thank you very much for the minutes.” 

Mr. E-P. Baker, 417 S. Downey Ave., Downey, Calif. " Ned isat home with a 
broken leg and writes that he would like to study a few specimens of the m 
genus Astarte. Perhaps some of the members can help him out. Ned writes that 
the leg is getting along better than expected though. We hope s0. 


#42= pl 
MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
Desocmber 1944 


The minutes and other publications of the Conchological Club of South= 
eern California aro not open to subscription. However, any of our friends 
intcrested in recoiving them , may send us donations or stamps to holp defray 
the cost of material and postagoe 


Any institution or library intervstod in filing those minutes is welcomo 
to all available back issuos and a place on our mailing list without chargo,. 
Students of particular problems are always welcome to ask us for specimens 
for study as well as all information we may hayce 


The noxt meeting will be hold January 7, at the Los Angelos Museum, 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 PsMe 
We are now mecting the first sunday of cach monthe 


Please mail all news sbout shells, shell publications, shell collectors, 
shell trips, localities etce to your editor, 
John Q: Burch, 
4206 Hallcale Avée, 
Los Angeles 37, Calife 


It is our intention to run in tho next issue a complete list of all 
memhers and friends with their correct acdresses and telephone numbers if 
anye Please also include your zone number if anye In connection with this 
list we propose to list the interests and 111 are urged to return to the 
editor at once a oard or letter listing tho numbers on the following list 


in which they ere interested in addition to the information about their 
addresseSe 


le World Wide Shells 

2. Pacific Coast Shells 

3e Marine Shells 

4. Land and Fresh Water Shells 
5« Buy Shells 

6. Sell Shells 

7. Exchange Shells 

8. Buy Books 

9, Field Collecting 

10. Marine Life in General 
ll. Fossil Shells 


In addition to the above numbered interests please send in eny special 
interests, 


AERIS IAG IG A IOI OIC OR Io ; 
NEW PUBLICATION» ® The Cenozoic Brachiopoda of Western North America 


by Leo George Hertlein and U.S. Grant IV, Publications of the University 
of California at Los Angeles in Mathmatical and Physical Sciences~ Voled, 
1944, 

This is the long expected work on our Brachiopoda in 236 pages with 
21 pages of plates. Our Recent species nre discussed at length and this 
work should by all means be in the library of every member. It will from 
now on be the first if not the last reference on this groupe 


#42 p 2 


Mis yh ss 


hep 
ye neat 


Vn, 


at 
WSsegie | ee oeaeast)S 


at, HOM iy, gael 


To all of our friends from the Burches, John, Rose,Tom, 
Beatrice, and John IIe 


QO FORO OI IORI ROCIO OO IO OK GO OR IO IOI IOI ICICI ICI IG IR AC DIC IIR CIO AK 


New Publications 
® Oreohelix howardi, new species® by Dr. David T. Jones, Utah Academy of 
Sciences, Arta and Letters, vol. 21, pp 61~66,figse A=K. 
This is a very complete description of the species from Mill Creek Canyon, 
Salt Lake City. 


* Report of the Committee on Marine Ecology as Related to Paleontology®, 
1943=1944, Harry S. Ladd, Chairman. This is a publication of the National 
Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 

This well prepered booklet of 37 pages contains several very interesting 
reports on mollusks, 


BOI OR BORO OOO IOI I OIA R FDIC IIR OI IOI ICR AAO OR Ae 
Mre Robert He Moses, 42 Pembury Road, Totenham, London, Ne 17, England. 
@ have a very interesting letter from Mr. Moses as well as a nice box 

of fine shells from England which came through in perfect condition. This 
if the first box of specimens to reach us from across the Atlantic since 
the outbreak of the war. Mr. Moses has an extensive list of duplicates for 
exchange and especially those interested in European Jand and freshwater 
shells should write him. A few extracts from his letter follows * The long 
years of the war have knocked collecting on the head. Qur sea coasts have been 
forbidden to visitors, and in fact everything has had the brake on. Our London 
branch of the Conchological Society has been unabl¢ to hold meetings; very 
happy evenings they were, and very helpful too; great tracts of London (right 
upt to the door of our meeting place) have been laid waste by the bombing 
and my own town, which is part of London, has suffered sewerely, one missile 
smashed through my own house and brought up right in the middle of my F.W. 
shells and Unionidae but by a miracle did not smash one that mattered.” 

Mr. Moses offers to exchange nowand it scems to be again possible. 


aiid (hire : 
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ts ¢ K 
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: SG 
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Fata ASN Ns ae 
: SETS 


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va 
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Transennella 


Be ay Gare 
* 
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4 
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See 


xs 

us 

= 
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Jay! Tip 


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Humilaria 


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#42— p 5 


Superfamily VENERACEA 

Cotton and Gedfrey, 1938 in their fine work on ® The Molluscs of 
South Australia® include some interesting and useful keys. The following 
key to families is from their worke 
ae Shell closed, regular; hinge with or without laterals, 

three diverging cardinal, non=-bifid, in each valve esses VENERIDAE 
aae Shell gaping behind, often irregular in form; hinge 

without laterals, two or three small bifid radial 

teeth in each Valve ceccccccccccssevseresevsceseseses el bIRICOLIDAE 


Family VENERIDAE 

This is one family on which there is no dirth of literature. A few 
of the works consulted follow. 
Dall, W.H. * Synopsis of the Family Veneridoe and of the North American 
Recent Species”, Proce U.S. Nats Muse 1902. 
Dall, W.H. ® Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Phila.® 
Vole III, Part VI, 1903. 
Palmer, Katherine Van Wirkle ® The Veneridae of Eastern America, Cenozoic 
and Recent®, Paleo. Amer» 1927.6 
Stewart, Ralph Be ® Gabb's Colife Cretaceous and Tertiary Type Lamellibran= 
~chs® Specs Pubs #3, Acade Nate Scie Philos, 19304 
Grant and Gale, Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. volé 1, 1931, 
Jukes~Browne, AeJe published a series of articles in the Proce Malace Soe 
London volse 9,10,11. 
Frizzell, Don Le Transe San Diego Soce Nat. Hist. role VI, noe 21, 1931. 
Cottonand Godfrey ® The Molluscs of South Australia", 1938 
Dall, Bartsch, Rehder ® Marine Mollse of Hawaii, Bernice Pe Bishop Museum, 
Bulletin 153, 1938. 


It is quite obvious that a detailed discussion of the various classifi- 
-cations of this family would become a thesis of a size impossible in our 
discussionse It is therefore suggested that we follow Dall unless the evid-~ 
~ence against such usage is too preponderant. Some of Dall's nomenclature 
will have to be chnngede 


Genus Dosinia Scopoli, 1777. Type ( by monotypy), Chama dosin Adanson ~~ 
Dosinia africana Hanley. pa aa 
Shell prbiculer, generally compressed, with a long and strong liga= 

“ment seated in a groove and enfolding » heavy resilium; lunule small, im- 
“pressed; escutcheon narrow, nearly linear, or absent; hinge plate broad and 
thick; right valve with two anterior laterals and four cardinals but the 
posterior cardinal , being extremely thin, is often broken off, eroded, or 
obsolete; left valve with one anterior lateral and three cardinals; valve 
margins smooth; pallial sinus rather long and usually acute; sculpture gen~ 
“erally of elegantly concentric grooves and interspaces, sometimes raised 
into lamellae at the borders of the lunule and escutcheon, cpynpssed rarely 
with weak radial threads; colouration rnrely disposed in patterns, and 
usually pale, many species being white; periostracym nearly always thin 
and polished” ( Cottonnnd Godfrey, 1938). 
Subgenus Dosinidin Dall, 1902. Type , Venus concentrica Borne 

" valves suborbicular, more or less compressed, white, with a sculpture 
of contentric grooving, the interspaces never lamellose; furhished with an 
obvious periostracum; lunule small, impressed; escutcheon absent: pallial 
sinus ample, ascending, angular in front; middle cardinals broad, sulcate 
or bifid, anterior lateral small, feeble, smooth® ( Dall, 1903). 

Dre Dall placed all of our Recent Central American and West Indian 
species in this subgenus, or section in his usage. 


# 42 p 6 

Dosinia ( Dosinidia) ponderosa Gray, 1638, "© San Diego, Calif, and south 
to Payta, Peru® ( Dall, e Orcutt listed it from San Pedro southe 

Practically all faunal lists place the northern end of the range of. 
this species at San Diego. Of course, it is § common species in the Pleist~ 
“ocene deposits, but 1 have never seen &® Recent specimen said to have baen 
collected near San Diego, much less San Pedro. The California record is 
open to such question as to be disputed unless verified, 


Genus Tivela Link, 1807. Type ( by subsequent desige Dall, 1902), Venus 
corbicula Gmelin ( V. mactroides Born). ed 
Shell porcellanowus, smooth, sometimes heavy, trigonal, with prominent 

beaks and short but stout ligament; hinge with three radiating cardinals in 
each valve, an anterior lateral in the left valve and a corresponding socket 
in the right valve, but the teeth variable, sometimes with accessories; 
pallial sinus distinct, short or long.® 
Sub genus Pachydesma Conrad, 1854, Type, Donax stultorum Mawes. 

* Shell very large and ponderous, with smooth interior margins and a 
thick vernicose periostracum; hinge with four cardinals in each valve® ( Dall 


Tivela ( Pachydesma) stultorum Mawe, 1823. “ Half Moon Bay, San Mateo Cos, 
alifornia tq Lower California " ( Grant and Gale, 1931). 27 ; 

The older lists used the namo crassatelloides, Stearns, ReBsCe. in 1899 
published a paper ® Notes on Cytherea ( Tivela) crassatelloides Conrad, with 
Descriptions of Many Varietios”. And Dre Stearns certainly meant it. He des~ 
-cribed 16 varieties in this one papere They were all based on color or other 
minor variations, . 

Collecting data: Few of us bat have enjoyed fried Pismo Clams in many 
localities, We find them in shallow water in open surf, never in stagnant 
lagoons. It is odd that this species scems to be found in certain sections 
so much larger and finer than in others. They are large and common enough 
to be of commercial importance in San Luis Obispo County, Oceano, Pismo on up 
past Morro Bay. From there south while an oecasional specimen may appear 
it is not really common again until we reach Todos Santos Bay. ( Burch). 


‘Genus Transennella Dall, 1883. Type ( by monotypy), Te conradina Dall. 

" Shell small, having the general form and coloration of Tivela, but 
a hinge with three cardinals in each valve, the middle left cardinal bifid, 
and an elongateleft lateral received into a socket in the opposite valve; 
the hinge has no rugosities, the lunule but not the escutcheon is defined 
internal margins sharply tangentially grooved with numerous sulci; the 
pallial sinus angular, free, obliquely ascending® ( Dall). 

This genus differs from Psephidea in the presence of an anterior 
lateral tooth in the left valve. 

Transennella tantilla ( Gould), 1852, ® Sitka Harbor, Alaska and south to 
Lower California™ (Dall). Type locality, Pliocene of Kettleman Hills, Calif. 
Specimens of this species are whitewith splotches of brown on the 

posterior portion of the shell. 

Collecting data: Dredged in great abundance off Monterey, Calif. on 
shale bottom in 1020 fmse, collected littoral at San Simeon, Califs., Cauyocos 
specimens taken from the backs of Haliotis rufescens brought into the market 
at Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Cos, also taken in Morro Bay proper, and not 
uncommon all down the coast to El Morro Point, Ensenada, Mexico( Burch); 
Santa Cruz, Catalina and San Martin Islands ( Ge Willett); 


Genus Amiantis Carpenter, 1863. Type ( by monotypy), Cytherea callosa Conraie . 
ell large, solid, ovate, concentrically waved, wit yeruinose 


#42~ p 7 

periostrecum; lunule and © linear escutcheon defined by an impressed line; 
inner margins smooth; pallial sinus omple, acute in front, free below, sligh= 
“tly ascending; three cardinils in each valve, the anterior one very thin, 
anterior laterals large and strong.” ( Dall, 1903), 

The name Aminntis hos been the source of a great deal of discussion, 
It was originally described as a subrenuse Dre Joshua Le Baily Ure ( Pere 
Comme Nove 1944) states the opposition very well as follows: The subgenus 
Amiontis I do not think to be worthy of generic rank. It was formerly ine 
«cluded under the genera Cytherea or Callists. Certain nomenclatarial artists 
have put these two names on the index expurgitorius, so that it becomes a 
matter of expediency to raise the subgenera under them to the rank of generae 
~The case of Humilnrin is somewhat parallel, but not exactly. The systematic 
position of this group seems to be uncertuin and until we know more about it, 
it seems wiser to mike 4 genus of it then not." 
Aminntis eallosa ( Conrad) ,1837 ® Senta Monica, Calif. ( Weymouth) to Gulf 
of Tehuantepec, Mexico” ( Grant and Gale, 1931). Dall gave the range San 
Pedro southe 

Collecting data: The habitat is just below the low tide line on sandy 
bottoms inthe open surf. There have been severale fforts to plant this sp~- 
~ecies inthe bays without success, Sam of Anaheim Bay planted great numbers 
of them. They all died very soone 

Dredged off Santa Monica, Calif.e, also at Malaga Cove, in shallow water 
not over 7 to 10 fathoms. Very abundant along the stretch of beach between 
Seal Beach and Huntington Beach, Calif. being washed in alive by the thous- 
~ands after storms. The same condition exists along the beach south of Ensen~ 
~ada, Mexico ( Burch). 


Genus Pitar Romer, 1857, Type ( by monotypy), Venus tumens Gmeline 

* Shell subtrigonal or ovate, convex, solid, smooth or concentrically 
sulcate or waved; pallial sinus ample, deep, reaching the middle of the shell, 
moderately ascending; hinge with a well developed anterior lateral , the pa=~ 
“terior cardinals often grooved; lunule not deeply impressed, bounded by an 
incised line, escutcheon not limited or well defined 3 internal margins smooths 
( Dall, 1993). 

Dr» Dall renamed this specics Pitaria in 1992 on the grounds that Pitar 
is a vernacular African word and not entitled to be used without Latinization. 
Quite a lot of ink has been wasted in argument about this, and it has been 
generally rejected and Pitar as originally proposed aecepted. The storm was 
briefly about the rules stated as follows ® The scientific names of animals 
must be words which are either Latin or Latinized, or considered and treated 
as such in case they aro not of classic origin® Art. 3, Int. Rules Zool. Nom. 
Ralph Be. Stewart and most other writers fcel that the name Pitar while not 
Latin or Latinizod comes under the ® considered and treated as such® part of 
the rule. 
Pitar newoombianus ( Gabb), 1865. ° Monterey, Calif. to the Guif of Calif. 
and Olarion Island " ( Dall). Type locality, Catalina Island, Calif. in 100 fms. 

Collecting data: Catalina Island, in 30 fms. and South Coronado Island 
in 15 fms. ( G, Willott); dredgod off Catalina Island, in 35 fms. 8/1937(Burch 
Pitar ida Tegland, 1928, ( Nautilus, vol. 42, no. 1, pp 4-5, July, 1928) 
Type looality, Sitke, Alaska, The shell was originally identified as Marcia 
ore gonensis. : ; 

In the preliminary discussions of this group the following query was 
made by John Burch with an amusing conflict of opinions on the matter. 
* Will one of our Latin scholars give this matter a thought, ond please advise 
mee I find Pitaria newcombiana which I am changing back to Pitar and note 
that Grant and Gale have Pitar newcombianus, And ida was described as Pitaria 
ida. What happens to ida If anything?” But my Latin scholars failed to agreo 


# 42— p 8 
Dr. Joshua Le Baily Jr. comments “ You nsk some Latin scholar to enlighten 
you as to the gender of tho namo Pitar. Unfortunntely tho name is not Latin, 
nor is it Greek. I believe it is Hottentot. Anyway authorities are disagreed 
as to whether the specific name should be in the masculine or the feminine 
form. The specific name ida suggests that this species was named after Mrs. 
Oldroyd, and sineo there {6 no doubt as to her gender, I would suggest not 
altering it". Georgo Willett very briofly * Let it stand®, But Dre A. Myra 
Keen states “ Pitar ida should be emonded to Pitar idae, since Tegland states 
it is named for Tda Oldroyde®, 


Genus Antigona Schumacher, 1817. Typo ( by monotypy), Antigona lamellaria Sc~ 
~humachere 

* Shell similar to that of Chione, but with a small part of the anterior 
cardina] in the left valve separated off into a psoudolateral, and a correse 
~ponding pit in tho right valve® ( Gront and Gale), 
Subgenus Ventricola Roemer, 1857. Type, Venus rugosa Gmoline 

" Shell largo with strong, distant, evconly spaced concentric lamellae, 
between which are smaller coneentric threads; pallial sinus small, angular, 
lunule deeply impressed; right part of the escutcheon obsolete” ( Dall,1902), 
Antigona ( Ventrioola) fordi ( Yates) , 1890, ® Monterey, Calif, to Lower 
California. Panama? * (“Dall). Type locality, Santa Barbara, Calif. 

Collecting datas Dredged off Catalina Island in 25 fms.e, off San Pedro — 
in 20 fms,» sand bottom ( G. Willett); dredged off Monterey, Calif. in 40 fms. 
and also in 20 fmse shale 8/1940, abundant off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 20 
to 30 fms. sand bottom/. In the Kedondo Beach dredgings the species seems to 
prefer the coarse red sand although occasional specimens came up from the 
gravel. We failed to find it in any of the decper dredgings. Dredged in 25 
fms. off Avalon, Catalina Island, off Point Loma, San Diego Co, Occasional 
Specimens a re thrown up onthe beaches after storms but the habitat is obvio= 
“usly in several fathoms off shore, ( Burch); reported from Point Loma, San 
Diego Coe by Mre WeKe Emersons. 


Genus Saxidomus Conrad, 1837. Type ( by monotypy), Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad 
ell equivalve, gaping posteriorly; hingo with from four to ive 
compressed cardinal teeth in the right valves; in the left valve, four; musou- 
elar improssions two, large, rounded; pallial impression with a profound 
sinus - 
Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad, 1837. “ Humboldt Bay, Calif. to Lower Calif., 
San Martin Island ( Baker) ( Grant and Gale, 1931). Type locality, San Diego 
( Oldroyd. : 
The specific name nuttalli is the correct spelling according to Dr. Myra 
Keen and not the nuttallil of Dall, Bull. 112, Oldroyd ete. .' 
Collecting data: Our experience has been that the normal habitat of the 
adult of this species is several fathoms off shore although good specimens 
are frequently thrown up on shore, We have dredged it as deep ae 25 fathoms 
off Redondo Beach, 10#20 fms. off Monterey, Calif. An interesting feature 
of this species is that the young are often striped and are colored black 
on the posterior third of the shell. This coloration evidently dissapears 
with age, When taking the first juveniles of this species the collector is 
almost certain to think that he has something different. Mre W.J. Eyerdam 
recently sent us for study a striped specimen of the northern species gigan- 
eteus which he had taken in Puget Sound, Port Orchard I believes Immature 
specimens are common enough in the sloughse A large colony inside Newport Bay 
on the landward side seems to produce specimens sbout half the normal adult 
size or is it possible that the food supply and environment of the open water 
simply develops larger specimens ? ( Burch). 


| #42 p 9 
Saxidomus giganteus Deshayes, 1839. * Aleutian Islands from Attu eastward 
and South to Monterey, Californin® ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, "Californie" 
In the discussion of this species Jonn Burch made the following state~ 
-ment which did not meet with the approval of the majority, * Grant and 
Gale, 1931 make this species a subspecies of nuttalli. In my opinion this 
is good proceedures While it is possible to separate the extremes with ease 
it isalso true that certain specimens from Puget Sound and northward, 
especially immature specimens , 1f mixed with a lot of southern nuttalli 
would be impossible to separate again. Thercfore subject to correction I 
propose that the name S. nuttalli giganteus ( Desheyes) be used.” However, 
we will retain the two spocific names, accepting Mre George Willett's advice 
which is " I have not seen adults that intergrade.” | 
Collecting data: Collected by W.J. Eyerdam at many stations in Puget 
Sound, Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. It is our most common and best food 
clam. Specimens taken from Raspberry Strait, Raspberry Island, Alaska have 
a reddish brown stained shell, probably due to inorganic matter in the muds 
The two largest shells in my collection are: 
Noe 258466 length «e 110: mm.e. width 90 mm.. Seldovia, Alaska 
Nos 2157e0e length «+ 12) mmee widths. 100 mm... Mud Bay, Thurston Coe, Wash 
Saxidomus giganteus hrovis Dall, 1916. % Admiralty Island, Alaska, to Tacoma 
Wash.” ( Dall). Type locality, Mole Harbor, Admiralty Islands. 
* New variety brevis. Shell short, subtriangular, small in comparison with 
type and much Tess clongated. Length , 60; height, 50; diameter 33 mm™ ( Dall) 
Colleoting data: We have specimens labelled brevis from the north given 
us I think by Dr. Fred Baker. They seem to be of slightly different outline 
but still very obviously the species. My vote is to abandon brevis to the 
synonymy." ( Burch). OK. ( George Willett).. 


Genus Chione Megerle von Muhlfeld, 1811. Type ( by subsequent designation, 
Gray, 1847) Venus dydera Chemnitz 4* Venus cancellata Linnaeus. 

Grant and Gale, 931 reduce Chione to 2 subgenus of Venus and on pp 
317-18 make some very interesting comm risons of Venus verrucossa Le ( type 
of Venus) and V. cancellata. 18 must he admitted that with the two shells 
in hand, Grant and Gale make rather a good caso. In the discussion of tho 
abovo statement Mre eure Willott commentcd ® I think 60 tooe". However, 
Dre Ae Myra Keen statad I believe Frizzell's work on the Voncracca will 
stand the test of time bottor than that of Grant and Galoe Notice his dis- 
“cussion on p. 65 with rogard to tho relationships of Chione and Vonus." 

We will thorcforo stay with Chione until more evidonco is presontede 


Chione fluctifraga ( Sowerby), 1853. " San Podro, Calife to tho Gulf of 
California all). Tho type locality of this spocies is stated as Austr 
“alia even though obviously illogical. Dre A. Myra Keen advises on this 
matter " The stated typo locality of Chione fluctifraga ( Sowerby) is Aust - 
-alia , which eithor is an error or subsequent rovisers have misidentified 
the West Coast form with Sowerby's figures." 

Collecting datas This is not the common species in Anaheim and Newport 
Bays, Calif. but neither is it rare. Undatella in our experience is the com= 
~mon forme Howevor, in the Estoro below Ensenada, “exico, fluctifraga socms 
to he tho predominant species and attains a greater sizo than any of the 
genus I hayo ever collectcd in this sectione ( Burch). 

Chiono undatella(Soworby), 1835. “ San Pedro, Calif. and south to Guayaquil® 
UDall). Mugu, Vontura Co. ( Burch) Typo locality, Gulf of Californias 

Collecting data: Tho inlot ot Mugu, Vontuira Cos, drodgod in le to 25 
fms. off Redondo Beach, and abundant in oll sloughs southward such 98 
Anahoim, Alamitos, Mowport Bay, Mission ctc. to tho Estoro south of Ensenadae 


# 42 p 10 
Chione californicnsis ( Brodorip), 1835. ( C. succinta Valcneionnos). 
w'iugu, Calif. to Panama® ( Dall). : 
Collccting data: Mugu, Ventura Coc, drodgod in 15-25 fms. off Redondo 
Beach, off Avalon, Catalina Island, and common in tho sloughs as well as 
the beaches down t ho coast to Preensds an our experionce ( Burch).. 


Discussion= Dre A. Myra Koon ( pore comm. Nove: 1944) statcs © Chiono succ~ 

-inata ( Valancicnnes), 1832, which was describod as a Venus. us, {s a. primary 

fiomonym of Vonus succincta Taro, 1771. The next availablo— synonym is Chim no 

californionsis ( Brodorip) . I havo checked this PAID very carefully. tho 

Venus: siccineva Linne is not our West Coast shell.” We have accopted the 
advice of Drs Koen on this problem. 

Grent and Gale, 1931 place undutella in the synonymy of C. succincta 
the spccics we are calling ealifornionsiss In discussing this matter John 
Burch stated * It 4s my opinion that the two specios oan bo definitely dis ~< 
~-tinguishéd not only by the coarser and more distant sculpture of californ= 
-lensis but also the ee tof o8 On ene ts as Dall states * the ribs 


ee aces ee eee ee 


a 


flattened, showing a poidenen surface welch es covers the interspaces® , 
Mrs George Willett comments ® To mo , Secor and fluctigraga are more 
alike than are the former and undatella.™” © 


Genus ‘Venus Linnaeus, 1758, Type ( by a designation Gray, 1847), 
Venus Verrucossa sa Linnaeus. 

The typo of the genus Venus has been ,the subject of extensive debate » 
Dell used Venus with type Ve mMoreenaria a Le However, the statement above 
seems to be very generally accepted at this time. 

Dr. Joshua Le Baily Jr; ( Pere Comme Nove 1944) comments * Stewart 
designated Venus verrucosa as the type of this genus, but he acknowledged 
that there was an earlier designation, of Venus dione. His reason for not 
recognizing this éarlier designation was that it would cause too much con= 
fusion if the shift of names was made. It seems to me that this argument 
would apply equally well to Venus verrucosa, and that it would be better 
to use Venus mercenaria for the type. the objection to this course of 
action is th that nobody else would agree with me. 


I think Grant and Gale are quite right in making Chione a subgenus of 
HSRUE 


Scouence Mercenaria Schumacher, 1817. Type ( by monotypy), Mercenaria vio- 
~lacea Schumacher -- Venus mercenaria Linnaeus. 

" Shell large, heavy; radial sculpture absent, concentric sculpture ¢ 
fine growth lamellae or strjoo," 
Venus ( Merceharia) kennicovtti Se 1871. * Neah er: Washington, to Little 
River, Mendocino County, Cait.” ( Dall, 1921 )e 

Grant and Gale, 1931 state 4 Vo » kennicottii Dall from Washington is sc 
similar to the Atlentic V. mercenaria that the two are very difficult to 
distinguish; and the fact that it is very rarv GUCeaEue that it may have 
been founded on adventitous specimens of the latter", 


Genus Humilaria Grant and Gale, 1931. Type ( by original taceieeaton) Venus 
kennerlyi Carpenter in Reeve, 1863. 

"Shell rathor large, ovate~quadraty, flattcned, beaks anterior; — ‘sculp- 
~tured with fine concentric lines and pcriodic. sharp lamellae but no radial 
sculpture; pallial sinus rather short, angalar, but abrupt2y rounded at apex; 
anterior extremity of hinge DUCE Re sred just above _the anterior adductor rca; 


valve margins crenulated or smooth." ( Grant and Gale, 1931). 


# 42— p ll 
Dre Ae Myra Keen ( Per. Comme Nove 1944) sdvises * I still feel that Humil- 


ee near een oe 


1657. Ralph B. Stewart (Spec. Pube #3, A.N.S.P.) ps 221 seems to have bem 
the first to discuss the confusion of types of Marcia, His conclusions 

were followed by Grant and Gnle, 1931, p. 325. However, Grant and Gale accept 
Venerupis for the entire group and described Humilsria as a subgenus of 
Venerupis. But Venerupls 8.8, seems to te such a distinctly different thing 
that it is difficult to consider kennerleyi in the same genus. We will, 
therefore follow Dre Keon in giving Humilaria generlo valuce 


Humilaria kennerleyi Carpenter in Reeve, 1863. ™ Kodink Island, Alaska, to 
Carmel Bay, California " ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Puget Sound. 
Collecting dota: Prince William Sound, Alaska, 18 fms. ( Lewis); Ketchi- 
-kan, Forrester Island, 20 fmse, Craig from low tide to 20 fms. ( Gs, Willett); 
shore specimens are much smoother than dredged ones ( Ge Willett); Izhut Bay, 
Afognak Id., Sitkalidak Island, Alaska 1922 and 193le. San Juan Ide 192000 
dredged in sandy mud by W.J. Eyerdam; growing shells from mud bottom have 
sharp, deep grooved furrows, while some of the older fully grown shells with 
ridges ground off sre easily mistaken for Saxidomus gignanteus except for 
the crenulated margins of the inside of the shells.. this species lives 
apparently on the surface of the bottom below the lowest tide marke ( Wed. 
Eyerdam); dredged in shallow water off Monterey, Calif. 8/1940 ( Burch). 


Genus Compsomyax Stewart, 1939, Type ( by original designation), Saxidomus 
gihbosus Gabb == V» subdiaphana ( Carpenter). 

Dall placed subciaphana in the genus Marcia and under Section Venerella 
Cossmanne Ralph B. Stewart, 1930, described Compsomyax as a new subgenus 
of Yenerella Cossmann which he raised to generic standing there. Grant and 
Gale, 1931, accept Stewart's Compsomyax but place it as subgenus under 
the genus Clementia Gray, 1842. Dr. A. Myra Keen in her ® Abridged Check 
List " again simplifies the matter by simply raising Stewart's Compsomyax 
to generic standing. The question seems to come to a question of whether 
or not that bifid right posterior cardinal is sufficient to establish a 
distinct genuse 


Compsomyax suhdinphana Carpenter, 1864. * Sannekh Islands, Aleska to Santa 
Bartara Islands, Calif. and San Pedro ® ( Oldroyd) extended here to Todos 
Santos Bay, Lower California 7/4/38 ( Burch). Type locality, Puget Sounde 

Collecting data: Dredged in 10 fms, off Monterey, Calif. 8/37, off 
San Pedro, Calife 5 to 25 fmse, abundant off Redondo Beach in 1-25 fmse 
and off Ersenada, Lower Calife, Mexico in 20 to 50 fms. ( Burch); Prince 
William Sound, Alaska, 18 fmse ( Lewis); Craig, Ketchiken, Alaska in 10~29 
fms. mud and off San Pedro, Calif. in 8 fms. mud ( Gs Willett); Drier Bay, 
Knight Island, Alaska, dreged in soft mud, 1923 and Victoria, B.C. and 
dredged off San Juan Islands, Puget Sound ( W.J. Eyerdam); common in many 
southern California Pleistocene deposits. 


Genus Protothaca Dall, 1902. Type ( by original designation), Chama thaca 
Molina. 


" Shell withthe hinge of Pabhia and of Venevupis Se8e, tut with a 
shorter, more ventricose shape, with more uniform concentrio sculpture, and 
equally strong redial ribs." 

Protothaga was described by Dall as a subgenus of Paphia Bolten, 1798s 


#42= p 12 
Stewart, 1930 , followed by Grant and Gale, 1931 usod Protothaca as a sub 
pesleeicheaed oh aie 

~genus of Venerupise aa 

re George Willett comments ® I think Protothaca is genus". Dr. As Myra 
Keen in ® Abridged Check List" uses Protothasa as a genus, and ( Per. Comm 
Nov. 1944) states © I still boat the dim for Protothaca. Paphia roding is 
a vastly different thing.® Dr. Keen also kindly sent us en ebstract of 
some of the work of Don L. Frizzell, Bivalves of the Genus Protothaca®, 


( Abstract; Proc. Geol, Soc, america for 1934( 1935), p. 387-583, 
a 


The genotype of the genus Protothnca Dall 1902 ( generally known as Tapes 
or Paphia ) is Chema theca Moline. The subgenus Callithaca Dall 1902 (type: 
Tapes tenerrima Carpenter) is tentatively considered a synonym of Proto= 
=thaca, sensu stricto, The subgenera Rhomaloaw Jukes~Brown 1914 ( type: Venus 
rura Lamarck) and Tuangia Marwick ( type: Venus crassacosta Deshayes) may 
prove desirablé and ars tentatively accepted. Twenty Five fossil and Recent 
Species are now known to belong to the genus Frotothava , all ( with one 
possible exception inthe Caribbcan) are distributed sround the Pacific 
Oceane The genus is thought to have originatcd onthe west side of South 
America in the Eocene. Species occur in the middle Miocene of the west coast 
of North America and in the Pliocene of Japan. One species lives in the 
Philippine Islands @ and in New Zealand, also occuring in the Pleistocene 
of the latter locality. The conclusion seems justified that migration of 

the genus was northward along the coast of Southand North america, by way 
of the Aleutian Islands of Japan, eventurily reaching New Zealand. No evid~ 
“ence has been found to support the alternative theory of a south polar 
migration. Since the genus is essentailiy littoral, this migration implies 
land or islandc hain conncctions along the route during some of the time 
when migration took place® , * Note by lic Keen : * Frizzell later found 
that the Philippine Island record was in error, tho rusult of a wrongly 
written label in one of the collections he had studioed." 

" Don Frizzell made an extensive study of Protothaca which was incorpor= 
“ated in his Doctorel thesis. He recognized as valid species only tenerimma, 
staminea, laciniata, and restorat:.onur3is from our section of the coast. 
Thus, ruderata, petitii, orbelta, and spatiosa may all bo regarded as ecol- 
~ogic forms, not as valid varictics," ~~ 


Protothaca tenerrima ( Carpenter),1856. " Vancouver, BeC. to Cape San Lucas, 
Tower Calif” ( Keen ° Abridged Check List® lat 23-49. 

Dall placed this species in section Callithaca Dall, 1902. Grant and 
Gale, 1931 say of Callithaca ° This subgenus is like the subgenus Humilarta 
in its shape and concentric sculpture, but it is like Protothaca in 1ts 
pallial sinus and non=crenulated inner margins, It has a mich more flattened 
shell and less conspicuous radial sculpture than Protothaza.’ However, 
our disposition is to abandon the use of Callivhaca and cofisider all of 
our species as in Protothaca so8e a ae 

This species is another of those puzzles desoribed with a type locality 
Panamae ae 

Collecting data: Tacoma, Wash. ( G. Willett); fine living specimens 
in upper Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif, Jan. 1937, dredged off 
Redondo Beach, Calif. as deep as 25 fms., often washed in on the beaches 
from Sea Beach to Huntington Beach ( Burch); Mud Bay, Thurston Co.,Port 
Madison, Kitsap Co., Friday Harbor, San Juan Id., Puget Sound ( W.de Eyere 
-dam); this species probably occurs on many beaches of the Puget Sound 
region but seems to be quite uncommon. I have oniy found a few specimens 
and have never seen them in the local markets.( W.Jd. Eyerdam) 


#42— p 13 
Protothaca restorationensis ( Frizzcll), 1930 Nautilus, Vol. 43, 1930, 
pe 120;frans. San Dicgo Soce lint. Hist. Vol. VI, Noe 21, pp 319-324,p1,22. 
fuget Sound ( Frizzell) to Half Moon,Bay, Calif. ( Me Keen). 
Type locality, Recent, Littlc Beef Harbor, near Senbeck, Washe Holotype 
from Upper Pleistocene of Restorntion Point, near Blakely, Wash. 

This species is said by Frizzell to be intermediate between Protothaca 
staminea and tenerrima. The original description follows: " Shell large and 
heary, subquadratc, convex; surface sculptured by numerous rather fine but 
conspicuous radiating lines sand a few raised , irregular, discontinuous cm-~= 
-centric lines, the former markedly wider at both anterior and posterior 
ends, the latter high and most prominent on the anterior part of the shell; 
a very thin epidermis seems te have been present, xlthough almost completely 
eroded on type; no lunule prosent; inner margins smooth; hinge long, rather 
narrow, greatly arched; three teeth in ench valve, the posterior two in the 
right valve and the middle one in the left valve bifid; pallial sinus long, 
narrow and rounded. Length 98.7, height 74.3, thickness 45.3 mm” 

Collecting data: Specimen which Frizzell identified as the species fom 
Half Moon Bay ( lat 38) ( Ms Keen); specimens taken from type locality in 
Jan. 1922 and 1931, Restoration Point, Bainbridge Island, Kitsap Coe, Wash 
by Wed. Eyerdam Pleistocenc- Recent living specimens secm to be quite rare 
( W.J. Eyerdam). 


Protothaca staminea ( Conrad), 1837, ® Aleutian Islands south to Kamtchatka 
and northern Japan and to San Quintin Bay, Lower Calif.and Soccorro Island 
( Grant and Gale, 1931). Dr. A. Myra Keen ® Abpidged Check List® gives lat. 
23-73 which would take the northern range on up to the Arctic Oceans 

In regard to the subspecies ruderata, orbella and spatiosa while we 
will list them below with some discussion, it is our opinion that they are 
not good subspecies and should be abandoned to the synonymy of the typical. 
We shall omit them from our final list of species. Laciniata was listed 
by Dall as a subspecies of staminen but it is our opinion that it is a 
distinct species. See our note under petitii. 
Protothaca staminen rudornta(Deshnyes) 1663. ° Southern Bering, Sea to 
Lobitas, Calid.™ (Dall, 1921). " Status questionable” ( G. Willett). 
Grant and Gale, 1931 say of this named variety * This variety is of consid- 
“erable interest as it shows a transitional step toward Irus. However, the 
radial rihletse , which tend to occur in pairs, have a Chione aspect. It is 
an inhabitant of holes in rocks*. Walter J. Eyerdam reports taking it in 
soft shale at Port Orchard and Alki Pt., Seattle, Wash. but agrees with 
the consensus of opinion that it is merely an ecologic form and the name 
ruderata at hest.a mere convenience. We are abandoning this variety. 
Frotothaca staminea orbella ( Carpenter), 18@4. " Kodiak Island, Alaska to 
San Diego, Calif.” ( Pall, 1921). Again this form is the globular shape 
caused from confinement in pholad holes and is certainly not a true subspecies 
Eyerdam reports taking the form in many localities in Puget Sounds 
Protothaea staminea spatiosn ( Dall), 1916. ° Puget Sound to Anaheim Bay, 
Calif.” ( Dall, 1921). As stated above this form is not distinetive and we 
propose to abandon the name, However, if it were of value we have taken 
specimens fitting the description exactly in many localities far to the 
south of the range given hy Dall. This form is very abundant all the way 
south past San Diepgoe 
Protothaca staminea petitii ( Deshayes) 1039. * Aleutian Islands to San 
Quintin Bay, Lower Calif.” ( Dnll, 1921). Type locality, Columbia River. 

None of the members seem to be quite sure what this variety may bee 
Grant and Gale,1931 say" It may be necessary to substitute the varietal name 
petitil Deshayes for laciniata ". Deshayes name is the older names However, 
Frizzell abandons it to the synonymy of stamineae Mr. George Willett says 


Woy Vay! 


#42 p 14 

® Dont know how this wan he settled without seeing type or original illus~ 
~tration." However, subject to later correction we propose to abandon the 
name following Frizzell, ; 
Protothaca laciniata Carpenter, 1864, % Unalaska, Alaska to San Diego, Calif. 
( Dall, 1921) extended to the Estero south of Ensenada, Mexico 10/1936(Burch). 
Type: locality, Monterey or San Diegoe . 

This reticulated form is easily distinguished and it is the opinion 
of the majority that it is a distinct species, It has strong ribs crossed 
by concentric rihs usually making it spinose. 

Collecting datas While the published range seems to extend far to the 
north it seems that the collecting records are so largely from the south 
as to indicate that it is a southern species. Our experience has been to 
find it from Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co. south to Ensenada, Mexico. While 
not rare it is much less common than the abundant staminea. ( Burch). 
Protothaca grata ( Say), 1831. This species was listed in Bulletin 112 
by Dre Dall because of a record from San Pedro by Williamson. However, it 
is the unanimous opinion of the members that any San Pedro record must have 
been based on some misidentificatiow because grata is of the Gulf fauna. 
ea as the opinions on this is Mr. George Wiliett's brief * Not @alif- 
“ornian”. 


Genus Venerupis Lamarck, 1818, Type: Venus perforans Montagu ( ~~ Venus 
pullastra Montagu) ( by subsequent desfgnation Children, 1823.) 
hell of moderate size and thickness, ovate=quadrate in outline, scul» 

~ptured with concentric lines or threads of variable strength and with 
strong or fine radial striations or ribs; hinge plate narrow, dentition like 
that of Paphia; pallial sinus of varisble depth, ascending, rounded at apex" 
( Grant and Gale, 1931). 

It 18 our opinion that Venerupis 8.8. is not represented in our fauna. 
Subgenus Ruditapes Set Cet es Ital. Sci, Nats. vole20, pel3. 
Types Venus decussata Linnaous ( by monotypy). 

-* Shell Of medium size, transversely broadly ovate, inflated, moderately 
stout, yellow or whitish, maculated with brown; umbones prominent, curved 
forward, halfway between the middle and the anterior end. The sculpture cm~ 
~sists of radial ribs, strongest at the anterior and posterior ends, decuss~ 
~ated by weaker concentric lirations. Ligament external, sunken and situated 
on a rather broad nymph. The hinge consists of three rather short, prominat 
slightly diverging cardinals in each valve; the two anterior cardinals in 
the left valve and the two posterior cardinals in the right.valve are some~ 
“what thicker and with a shallow cleft ontop; no laterals. Interior white 
or pale salmon colored, sometimes tinged with purple. Ventral margin simple. 
Posterior muscle scar somewhat larger than anterior one; pallial line with 
a deep posterior sinus, * Dall, Bartsch, Rehder ( Molls. of Hawaii). 
Venerupis ( Ruditapes) philippinarum Adamsand Reeve ,1850. Zoology Voyes HeM5S. 
Samarang, pe 79, ple 32, fige 10. This species indigineous to Japan has 
recently been introduced into Puget Sound with seed oysters from Japan and 
has bceome firmly established. The species seems to have been introduced 
into Hawaii also and is now established there. 

In the discussions of this species the following opinion from Dre Ae 
Myra Keen is of interest ( Pere Comme Nove 1944) ® The namo Ruditapes seems 
to be @ synonym of Amygdala, which looks to me to be more closely related 
to Tapes than to Venerupis. However, this whole group of veneraceans is 
tough. Differences that to the layman are hardly noticeable seem to have 4 
profound significance in the eyes of the specialist. Frizzell argued that 
that was because the superfamily represents the highest development of the 
pelecupods, Lack of crenulations on the interior margins and differences in 
lunule and excutcheon rule philippinarum out of Protothaca 1 believe 


#42— p15 

Under the discussion of this species no doubt we should mention Paphia bif~ 
-urcata. Quayle, 1938 ( DsBe Quiyle, Joure Fisheries Reseorch Board of Canada, 
vole 4, noe le)» In Nnutilus, vol. 52, noe 4, 1939, ppe 13940, Quayle: 
synonymizes this with ~ V, philippinarum, 

Collecting dato: Kitsap Cos, Puget Sound, Washe in 1943 and being 
sold in Seattle fish morkcts.( Wed. Byerdam); 2lso reported originally by 
Professor Trevor Kincaid 3 Ladysmith Harbor ( Quayle). 


Genus Irus Oken, 1815. Typo ( by absolute tautonomy) Donax irus Linnaeus. 
"Shell of small or medium size and thickness; sculptured with period= 
“ically elevated concentric lamellae, and on the early part of the shell 
fine radial striations; hingo similar to the hinges of Paphia and Venerupis 
except that the hinge plate is narrower and the teeth usually small and 
degenerate.” ( Grant and Gale, 1931). 
Dall placed our specics lamellifera under the genus Venerupis following 
a host of other authors before and since, A number of us find this group a 
little puzzling. The Chaecs have a mount’intheir collection which they 
eall their puzzle set in which you are invited to try to separate the Irus 
from the Protothaca, Grant and Gale recognize this close relationship with 
the following comment " This genus appears to be a specinlized derivative 
of Venerupis, modified in characters by the burrowing habitof the animal, 
It lives in holes burrowed pholnd fashion into soft mudstones, and like 
' Petricola may take almost any shapo according to the varrying hardnoss of 
the surrounding material. The varicty rudorata of Ve staminca is an indpp= 
~endent adaptation of a related venerid to similar conditions and. shows: 
how close the rolation is betwoen Irus and Vencrupis ( Protothaca)." 
However, Dre As Myra Koen gives the key to the distinction ( Pore Comme 
Nove 1944) * Does Irus lamellifor show internnl marginal crenulations 2 
Irus lamellifer ( Conrad), 1837, " Montcrey to San Diego, Calif." ( Dall,1921 
Type locality, Montercy, Calif. San Diego ? 
Collecting data: San Pedro, Calif. in 15-20 fms. ( Ge Willett); dred@d 
in shale off Monteroy in 10-20 fms., takon littoral from stones at Cauyooos, 
Calif. dan/1938, Shell Bench below Pismo, Calif. ( Burch). 


Genus Liocyma Dall, 1876, Type ( by original designation), Venus fluctuosa 
Goulde . 
* Shell trigonal or elongate-ownate, small, thin, smooth}; furnished 
with concentric undulations and occasionnlly fine radiating lines; provided 

with a polished epidormis; pallial sinus smoll, rounded triangular; hinge 
teoth three in each valve, divaricate; middlo tooth largost, grooved on the 
upper edge. Lunule faint, no areola ligament set in below the exterior sur~ 
‘=face? ( hall), 

Liocyma beckii Dall, 1870. * Plover Bay to North Japan, on the east to Port 
Althorp, Alaska” ( Dall,1921). Type locality, Plover Bay, East Siberia. 
Liooyma scammoni Dall, 1871. " Port Simpson, British Columbia” ( Dall). 
Liocyma viridis Dall, 1871. " Arctic Sea southward to North Jopan, and on 
the east to the Kodiak Islands, Alaska® ( Dall,1921). Type locality,Arctic 
Oceans . 

Collecting data: Punuk Ide, Bering Se in 15 fmse, and Prince William 
Sound in 18 fms. ( Lewis)s Izhut Bay, Afognak Id., dredgod in 10 fms» sandy 
bottom ( WJ. Eyerdam, 1922); Hinchinbrook Island, dredged ( 1. Norberg) 

( Eyerdam). : 

Liocyma schofferl Bartsch and Rohdor, 1939. Nautilus, vole 52, noe 4, pe lil, 
pril, 1989. Doscribod from specimens takorn in 10 fms. off Chuginodak Id. 
Aleutians. In Nautilus vol. 57, noe 4, pe 143, Walter J. B Eyerdam extends 
the range 250 miles wostward to Atka Id., Aleutians. Fyerdam also reports | 


# 42 p 16 
the species from Wislow, Unalaska Island on sandy bottoms 
The authors state that this species is close to Le viridis “ «. but 
the sculpture is weaker, the concentric ridges boing fewer and more distantly 
separatedeThe shell is also broader and the umbones seom to be generally 
more centrally locatod." The figures in the Nautilus 52(4), Pl.8 are very 
clear and complete, 


Genus Gemma Doshayes, 1853, Type, Venus gemma Totten, 

“ Shell rounded, subtriangular, subsquilatcral, smooth, margins srenulated 

withing hinge short and narrow; three teeth in the left valve, tho middle 

one conical arcuated; two divergent teeth and an intermediate pit in the 

right valve; pallial improssion marginal, with a narrow deep sinus."( Trym ) 

Gemma gemma Totten, 1834. “San Juan Islands to San Francisco Bay, Introd~ 

-uced from the Atlantic with secd oysters. ( San Diego ?)* ( Dall, 1921). 
Collecting datas This species is said to be established in San Francis co 

Bays Mre George Willett reports it from Oakland, Calif. 


Cae Psephidia Dall, 1902. Typo( by designation Dall, 1902), Psephis lordi 
Baird). ae 

* Shell small, veneriform, polished, with only concentric scplpture if 
any; beaks not prominent, valves incquilateral, with a narrow, feebly defined 
lunule and no escutcheon3 surface feebly concentrically striate or smooth, 
with a polished periostracum; inner margins not crenate; pallial sinus ang= 
sular , well defined; h&énge with three delicate cardinal teeth in each 
valve, with no lateral teeth; dorsal margins outside the hinge plate, faintly 
grooved. ® ( Dall, 1903). 

Psephidia lordi ( Baird), 1863, “ Unelaska, Alaska to Coronado Island" ( Dall) 
Type locality, Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. 

Collecting data: S,E. Alaska, comm. 20-30 fms., and off Catalina Island 
in 39 fmse o. 1 specimen ( G. Willett); off Friday Harbor, Washe ( T. Kincaid) 
Izhut.Bay, Afignak Id. and Drier Bay, Knight Iéland, Alaska and also the 
San Juan Islands ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Psephidia ovalis Dall, 1902. “ St, Paul Island, Bering Sea to San Diego, 
Calif.” ( Dall). Type locality, north side of Catalina Island, Calif. 

Grant and Gale, 1931 make this a subspecies of lordi Baird. . However, 
the consensus of opinion may be stated in one of Mre Goorge Willett's terse 
comments “ Two species", The two seem to be easily separable, However, 

Mr. Willett also adds the following note * Would like to see northern records 
confirmed; have only found it in California". 

Collecting data: Dredged in great abundance off Redondo Beach and also 
off Catalina Island ( Burch), Eyerdam reports from Hinchinbrook Ide, Alaska. 
Psephidia cymata Dall,1913. % Santa Barbara Islands to the Gulf of Calif.® 
(Dall). Type locality, near Cerros Island, Lower California. . 

Collecting datas We have this species from the Pleistocene of Timm 's 
Point, San Pedro, but have never recognized it in any of our Recent material, 
( Burch). And none of the members report taking it. 

Psephidia brunnea Dall, 1916, ° Montercy, Calif. to San Ipolito Point, Lower 
Calaten ( Dadi. Type locality, Catalina Island, Calif. 

Collecting data: This species is easily separated from other material 
of the same size and we have dredged it consistently off Redondo Beach in 
from 25 to 50 fms. and also off Catalina Islend, However, it has been compar~ 
w“atively rare in our experienoe in comparison with the exceedingly common 
ovalis.( Burch); Catalina Island in 30 fms,and off San Pedro in 20 fmse 
( G. Willett). _ 
Psephidia salmonea(Carpenter), 1864, ® Farralone Ids. to San Diego; also at 
San Martin Teland, Lower Calif.( Baker) ( Grant and Gale, 1931). 

Collecting data: Dredged off Cataljna Id. in 25 fms. ( Burch). 


os eects SS 


Peephidia ovalis Doll, 1992. Avalon, Catalina Island, 25 fms, 8/1937 
bout # dozen small 
Notes When, this specime was opengd ataities, SE sBpeGe) nbou 


roun 8 as shown above we Bumé that this genus is viv~ 


#42~e p 18 
~“jparous and thnt these are its young, These small shells varied quite a 
bit in their size and development. Also from the date of collection it 
is obvious that this species ® spuwns" during August~ at loast off Catal- 
“inde T. Burch 


Femity PETRICOLIDAE 
Valves, when not distorted, equal, free, somewhat gaping behind, 

radiately sculptured with plain margins and inconspicuous umbos; posterior 
adductor scar lurger thun tho antorior, pedal narrow, elongated, distinct; 
ligament and resilium externel; arca obscure or not defined; hinge without 
lateral laminae, with two or three smull, usually bifid, radial cardinal 
teeth in each valvoe” ( Cotton and Godfrey, 1938). 
Genus Petricola Lamarck, 1801 

There has been a diversity of opinions regarding the type of this 
genuse Dr. A. Myra Keen ( Personal Communication, Nove 1944) advises “ The 
type of Petricola is P. costata Lam. ~~ Venus lapicida Gmelin, fixed by 
Fleuriau-Bellevuc, 1802, and also designated by Schmidt, 1818. Naronia Gray 
is a synonym, ee Fleuriau-Bellevae, 1832, of which the type by sub«- 
“sequent designition of Dall, 1900, is Petricola lithophaga ( een 
seems to be a valid subgenus of Petricoic, not a synonym as stated by those 
authors who take lithophaga as typo of Potricola, I believo none of our 
spocies fit in Petriccia 6:8, which has zigzag sculpturo; carditoides 
Ey, and californionsis would g. in subgonus Rupollariag pholadifornis 


etc. in subgenus Pctricolariag" 


Subgenus Petricolaria Stoliczka, 1870. Type ( by subsequent designation 
Tryon, 1894), Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck. 
* Shell elongated, pholediform, thin; hinge«teeth protracted, slender; 

pallial sinus deep.” 

Petricola ( Petricolaria) pholadiformis Lamarck, 1818, Willapa Harbor, 
Pacific County, Wash. ( Kincaid=byerdam), and San Francisco Bay, introduced 
with seed oysters from the Atlantics 

‘ Collecting data: In our Minutes #26, pe 2, Auge 1943, we reported this 
species from Washington in anarticle by Walter Je Eyerdame Dr. G, Dallas 
Hanna ® Exotic Mollusca in California’, Bulle Depts Agrice vol, 28, noeby 
May, 1939, reports this species from Lake Merritt, Oakland and also the mud 
flats between South San Francisco and Burlingamoe The Burches found it in 
great numbers on the mud flats along the Bay Shore highway just north of 

San Mateo, Calife, Jane 1938. An additional note from W.Je Eyerdam states 

* Native to the Atlantic coast of America from Prince Edward Island to the 
West Indies and Texas, also introduced into Europe. Reported by Hans Schlesch 
in 1932 as living in England and France on Dover Strait and in Belgium and 
Denmark. ® 


Subgenus Rupellaria Fleuriau-Bellevue ,1892. Type( by subsequent designation 
Dall, 1900), Petricola lithophaga ( Retzius). 
* Shell inflated and rounded in front, attenuated and more compressed behind; 
sculpture chiefly radial, stronger anteriorly." ( Dall, 1900). 
Fetricola ( Rupollaria) tellimyalis ( Carpenter),1864. Described as Psephis 
tellimyalis, Rep. BeAe Rope Molle WeNe Ame, 1864, pe 641. Range: Santa 
Monica, California to San Martin Island, Mexico, 
The following references should be examined by those interested in 
this species which was thought by Dr. Dall to be the young of P. denticulata, - 
Willett, Ge, Bull. So. Calif. Acade Sci» vol. 30, pte2, pp 39, Tigse ly 9% 
19313 Pilsbry & Lowe, Proce Acad. Nat. Scie Philae, vole 84, p.97,1952. 
Colleeting datas; Dredged off Santa Monica, Calif. in 7 fms,, among 
Mytilus at Redondo Beach and also off Redondo as deep as 25 fmsbe, in great 


ee #42= p 29 


(Ooms MS 4410 
oA ao oS 
PA 
So Pe 
hal Ie \ 
; ( 
ae —— | 
x eee ee = 
— a 
= oe 2 es = 


ae ee eee : 


Petricola tellimynlis ( Carpe), Malagn Cove, beAe COey Calif. on algaes 
= Nove 1940, 


i \ 

a een vA A \ ~~ 

SS eS 
~ _ aes a ee es 


,petricola tellimyalis ( Carpenter), San Martin Island, Lower Calif,, Mexico 
from the Dro Fred Baker colleetion, 
Notes: As you can see the Malaga Cove shell is more elongate than the speo~ 
~imons from Lower California and tho hinge, while showing a variation from 
Dr. Baker's specimons, is very nearly the same. It seems to me that many 
species have been described on smaller variations, T.eA. Burche 


( cone fr page 18) 
numbers on algae off Malaga Cove, Los Angeles county, Calif. and a set 
from Dre Fred Baker labelled San Martin Island. 

Sets of this species have been labelled almost everything in some of the 
local collections, It is not well known even though a comparatively common 
speciese 


Petricola ( Rupellaria) carditoides Conrad, 1837. ® Vancouver Island to 

Magdalena Bay, Lowor California® ( Dall). Type locality, near Santa Barbarée 
Collecting datns: Boring in shole at Crescent City, Calif., dredged in 

shale off Monterey in 20=40 fmse, off Redondo Beach in 25 fmse, littoral 

at Long Beach, Cauycose( Burch); Alki Phint, Seattle, Wash. and Restore 

“ation Point, Bainbridge Island, Kitsap Coe, Washe He Rankin, 1933, Newport 

Oregon, clay rock, colle by John Malone ( Weds EByerdam). 


Petricola ( Rupellaria) oaliforniensis Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932. Proce Acade 
Wat. Scie of Philadelphia, vole 64, ppe 96-97, 19326 : 
This has been the subject of extensive debate. It 1s safe to assume 

that at least 9 out of every 10 sets of this species in collections bear 


ve apy 


#420 Pp 20 
the lahel Petricola denticulata Sowerby, 1854. 

Pilsbry and Lowe state that denticulata is confined to the Panamio 
province and that our shells are all californiensis., The range of californe 
~iensis is given ® California and ocean coast of Lower California, San Pedro 
to San Ignacio Lagoon, the type from San Pedro..* A portion of their key 
follows; 

Anterior end evenly rounded; pallial sinus broadly rounded at end; shell 
thin. Californie. , 
Shell small, short, with weak sculpture, the height about 70-77 peecent 
Of the length seereecevevcccsevecvecesceebs tellimyalis 
Shell larger, about 26 mm. long, oblong, white, ribbed anteriorly 
eocccccerobPe CNliforniensis 
Anterior end tapering to a nerrowly rounded point; pallial sinus tapering, 
long=-triangular; shell more solid, partly purplish=brown,. Panamic 
PFOVINCS cocnessvecsccosceccssevesevecceers denticulata 
Note of opinion of John Q. Burch= The above distinctions betwoen californ= 
~iensis and denticulata has always been very unconvincing to me, It is 
quite possible that we have two species here, perhaps we have, but this 
species or several species scems to assume almost any shape. Those from 
Santa Monica and off Redondo Beach in the dredgings do seem to match the 
described characters of californiensis very well. However, those that come 
out of the shale at Playa del Rey and also those from Anahoim Landing with 
the pholads seem to me to he just about perfect examples of denticulata 
ty the discussion of Pilsbryand Lowe. They have the purplish brown color, 
the anterior end tapers to a narrowly rounded point, the pallial sinus is 
cong=triangular etc. Sets from San Onofre, Santa Monica,Newport Bay, Red= 
wondo Beach etce show the anterior end rounded and even show a surprising 
difference in the pallial sinus as described for californiensis, However, 
it is my personal opinion that this is but one species showing these varla- 
-tions caused by the material in which they live. 


Neuse COOPERELLIDAE 

emus Cooperella' Carpenter,,1864, Type, Oedalia subdiaphana Carpenter, 1864. 
pHinge plate narrow, eae two right and three left subumbonal divar= 
“lcating short oardinal teeth, of which the left central tooth is always, and 
the others frequently bifid; laterals none; muscular impressions small,oval; 
pallial line narrow with an ample sinuse.® ( Dall, 1900). 

Jooperella subdiaphana ( Carpenter),1864. * Queen Cherlotte Islands‘ to Gul# 
of California® ( Dall)» Type locality, San Diego, Calif. 

; Collecting datas Santa Monica, 10 fms. ( G. Willett); Alamitos Bay, 
Mission Bay, Estero south of Ensenada, Mexico. Dredged off Redondo Beach, 
Calif. inas deep as 25 fathoms. ( Burch). 


Cooperella Petricola 


#42+ p 21 
Professor Herman W. Miller, Academin Adventista Hispano Americana, Apartado 
1320, San Jose, Costa Ricae @ sees I hnve no news yet. I hnve been doing 
some work for the National Museum herew- getting their nomenclature up to & te. 
It was in bad shape but they don't have anything that will bother me much 
except the land shells. I am getting to sev some specimens that way that I 
had'nt seen before. School will soon be out down here and I have plans for 
a trip or two. Hope to get something of interest for those of youwho so gn= 
~erously contributed to our collection. Give my regards to freind Chace and 
tell him I have the rest of his stamps nd as soon as school is out and I 
have a chance to write some letters I will send theme I hope some of you have 
been too busy to spend your money for the last few months and that when you 
lose your present jobs you will come to Costa Rica to spend part of it. There 
are some places down here that are worth the effort it costs to get to them, 
I know ehere some of themare and if all goes well I will soon knowwhere some 
more ares I intend to make a definite effort next year to reach the place 
that is or was cnlled Puerto Portrero. I don't think I oan make it thhs year. 
I also want to visit Port Parker, and Golfo Dulco is on the list. *% 

We are looking forward with interest to 2 report from our friend and 
fellow momber Miller giving us a faunal list of what he finds in these places 
of intercste 
Pvt. James Pe Conlin, A.S.N. 38627568, Enlisted Detachment Branch, 3610 Ser= 
“vice Unit, Percy Jones General and Convalescent Hospital, Battle Creek, Miche 
"My wife has been forwarding your Minutes and Ienjoy them very muche Since 
being assigned here I have been trying to build up my collection of mollusks, 
but being separated from all literature and libraries makes it very difficult. 
There nre a number of questions I would like to aske® 
Editors note~ thinking these questions might be of interest to others they 
will be answered as asked. : 

Is Julia E. Rogers * Shell Book® still in print and 4f so who is the 
publisher ? A= Yes= Miss Rogers book is in print and sells for $5. Suggest 
that you write Miss Rogers personally and get ansutographed copye Her presmt 
address is 555 Junipero, Long Beqch 4, Calif. 

, As wellas I remember there was a book by Walter Webb on ® Shells of the. 
World. Is this available ? A= We had a recent letter from Mr. Webb tothe 
effect that his book is out of print at this time but he is now in the process 
of publishing a bigger and better edition. 

Do you know the address of the Bahamas Conchological Society ? A» The 
president of this society is in the United States at this time at least for 
this winter and it is suggested that you write to Rev. Paul De Ford, 160 We 
20th Ste, Erie, Pas 

Are there other dealers in foreign shells than the Hadleys, Frank Lymm 
and Wards 7 A~ Suggest that you write Ted Dranga,4340 S.W. 14th 5t,,Miami 34, 
Floridaa nd Walter Fe Webb, 202 Westminster Road, Rochester, N.Y. There seems 
to be a host of small dealers largely selling curio shélls. We need a fews 
Most of our westcoast stores are likely to display the showier species with 
usually perfectly absurd locality lahels. The latest I noticed was a very 
fair Epitonium pretiosum said to Have been collested at Laguna Beach, Calif e 

Is there a dealer in Australian ? I am very interested in the genera}; 
Chama ,Spondylus, Avicula, Pinctada,Meleagrina,Tenagodus,Trigonia etce from the 
Australian region and would appreciate any ones name that I might contact in 
regard to them. A~ I have never known of a dealer in Australia, However, this 
edition of these Minutes will go into the hands of some 40 to 50 active 
Australian collectors. Perhaps one or more will notice the quorye I suggest 
though that no doubt Mrs. Fulton could supply all of these. She is the widow 
of the late H.C. Fulton and is carrying on his shell business ~ address Mre. 
Fulton, 2 Florence Road, London, We 5y Bnglande 
EP, Baker,417 Downey Ave., Downey, Calif. Ned has just informed me that he 
Js Bending Jack Brookshire a gopy of Hirase Japanese Shells. We are glade 


cd M VW 
: ' meg tM, 


#42= p 22 

The December Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of San Diego has 
beonreceivede The many activities of this fine institution never fails to 
impress mee The many fine lectures and mectings announced are alone enough 
to make anyone wish he lived nearer San Diogo. I am personally not much of 
an addict to long hikes preferring a horse at least. However, I note that 
the San Diegans skedule six differont hikes forthe month of Decepber alone, 
each hike under the leadership of somo specialist on some branch of natural 
history.e As littlo as I oare about walking I feel quite sure that I would 
go along if it wero possible. 

Harold W. Harry, PhefMi 1/o ( our member Harry is obviously in the Navy and 
his address had better be his homo, Rte2, Box 222, Shreveport, Louisiana) 

“ Recently I have eollected at two very intcresting places, but both were 
beach combing parties at moderate tide. the land fauna has been the most 
successful. I collectod a big Achatina at ( blank), a very famous place, which 
has provided hours of dissection; and recently I got a fow Ellobiidee and 

a Truncatella alivo= one was 4 Melampus ( 21] Melampus look alike« dont thy ) 
and one was a Shell I had gotten from you one sunday when I rummaged through 
your dupligates= Small world, hug? But the gaudy things, Cypraea,Conus,Murex, 
and the like do not seem as plentiful on the boaches as they do in American 
collections; Oh, a few, a C. crputeserpontis and Cy» annulata, and fragments 
of others, but my collecting has been a matter of 2 or 3 hours in each place, 
in strigt military formation and with some competition for catseeyes, which 

I gladly gave all who wanted them. I am not sorry that my collection is small 
that the species are inoonspicuous- Nassna, Natica, and dock shells etc., for 
the few that I collected alive have given many hours of dissections I have 
rationalized that it is perhaps better to do a littlg,more intensively, than 
a lot hurriedly. The big job is getting them back, Without labels thes tuff 
isworthless,and the labels are censorable. So I save them for a day when 

we return tothe states or to some place where they may be sent. Tell everyme 
Hello; I have not yet run into Wright; Glen Wobb is in France, Recently I 

had a letter from Tomlin ( St. Leonards-on-Sea, England) in which he mentims 
recent correspondense with yous. Small world- huh? Butthats not considering 
the Pacific. Godfrey/ is it big/ ® 

Dre John Oughton, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Qyeens Park at Bloor Street, 
Toronto, hoe Canada, ° Many thanks for the uiatoes They continue to be 
very interesting. Yoy are doing a good job in providing a meeting point for 
all withan interest ins hells, — 

I spent the summer doing fishery research on Great Slave Lake, We went 
by train es far as Waterways in northern Alberta. Then by slow river boats 
down the winding muddy Athabasca and Slave Rivers= the same route used for 
the Canal Project supplies. We travelled widely about the lake in the course 
of our works Gillenetting,bottom dredging,sounding, and physico chemical 
determinationsmade up most of our program, On our longer trips we had time 
between samples to play oribbage and heartse During tho early part of the 
season we had almost continuous daylight. In fact, the sky wasn't dark enough 
to show up stars at first. I didn't notice them until early August/. I man= 
“aged to bag several samples of fresh water shells but have not sorted them 
out yeote 

The Hone Chief Justice F.R. Latchfcrd, carried on a study of shells and 
a wide correspondence with American conchologists throughout his long life. 
He died a few years ago and his collection is now in the possession of this 
museume® 
JeM. Grogh, 59 Bihind St.,Ubaldesca Str.,Casal Paula, Malta. We are happy to 

ave a nice Christmas letter from our friend and to know that he and his are 
well. One sad duty to perform is to notify him that I will be unable to deli-.__ . 
-ver his Christmas card to our mutual fricnd John Clarke. Mr. Clarke, passed 
away very suddenly a few months agoe We announced it with an outline of his 
life in these minutes, 


#42= p 23 
MOLLUSCAN ANATOMY 
by Thomas A. Burch 

Instead of merely describing the anatomy and morphology of mollusks, I 
shall discuss their anatomy as it bears on their classification. Instead of 
describing the structure and functions of the various organs, glands etce, 
in the molluscan body, it will be my aim principally to show the distinctim 
and similarities between the various classes, orders, suboréers, and super- 
-families of Pelecypoda and Gasteropodae ; 

Before I begin, however, I believe it would be best to say something 


about the development of n mollusk. Tho early dovolopment of all mollusks, 
except the Cophalopods, is fundnmentally the samo. Thus the following descr= 


-iption could apply to any of the other classes with but a few modifications. 
All mollusks pass through . free-swimming stage-~ the trochosphere, which is 
similar to a corresponding stnge in Annelidnn and Arthropodan development. 
The trochosphere strgo is characterized by » top=-shaped body with Cilia con~ 
~fined to the blunt anterior endand the foot, and by the eppearance of a sell 
gland opposite the mouth ( figel.). In the twenty four hours after becoming 
a trochosphere, a shell is secreted by the sholl gland, 2 velum of cilia is 
formed for swimming and food getting, and the foot becomes larger. This sec@ 
~ond free-swimming larva is ealled the veliger ( fige2.). The change from 
trochosphere to veliger is accompanied by very little increase in 6120; but 
at the end of the veliger period, which is usually from 6 to 12 days ( dep~ 
“ending upon the temperature of the water), important changes occur and the 
adult form is assumed very rapidly. Tho animal increases in size. The velum 
dissapoars,and the foot loses its swimming function, the shell becomes 
bivalved in Pelecypoda- ( fig.3) and coilod in Gastropods. The young embryo 
then leaves its free-swimming lifo and sinks to the bottome 

From here on the development of the various classes nnd orders differs e 
In most pelecypods 2 gland in the foot secretes a byssus by which the animal 
attaches itself. During this attached life the various organs of the body 
slowly take on adult characteristics. So small is sny one individual s chance 
of surviving the various unfavorable conditions and the many enemies gurroi d= 
-ing it that it has been estimated that about one in 20,000 of the tiny 
embryos reaches maturity. 

While we do not know exactly what the ancestral mollusk looked like, 
it is possible to make a guessat their structure ( fig.4.). They possessed 
the usual molluscan characters, they had « head with tentacles, 4 flat 
creeping foot, a conical visceral hump covered by a mantle, which possibly 
contained numerous calcarcous spicules and not a complete shells ‘he mantle 
cavity was posterior and contnined the gills, anus, and common apertures 
of the kidneys and gonads. The alimentary canal contained a raduia in © mus= 
“cular buccal mass. ( Borrndaile & Potts). The heart had a medfan ventricle 
and a pair of auriclos, In the nervous system there were as in annelids and 
arthropods, a circumoesophagen] commissuro or * brain” which may or may not 
_ have been ganglionnted. Ventral pedal cords, n visceral commissure coming 
fromthe ploural part of the brain, and a pallinl commissure in the mantle 
edge were also present. From this beginning divergod the different groups 
which we know todaye 

The chitons ( Amphineura) ( fige5) which departed least from the ances- 
-tral structure became elongated but limpot-like forms, their mantle cavity 
extended all around the foot while instead of a single pair of gills many 
such pairs arose. 

The Gasteropodn ( fige6) romained as short creeping forms; whey are 
characterized by the growth of the viscernl hump dorsally, but pioqually so 
thet it has coiled in a spiral, which is covered by a singloshotl. This causec—_ 
readjustment of the visceral hump which has revolved ( usualiy ¥° the r ight, 
on the rest of the body through 180 making the mantle cavity exteriors This 


ff42—= p 24 
process is called torsion and is characteristic of all gastropods. 

In development from the larva the mantle cavity first appears behind 
the visceral hump ( fige 82 & 9a) and at a particular stage rotates ina 
counterclockwise direction through and angle of 180 on the rest of the body » 
(figs. 8a & 9a). Only the narrow neck of tissue and the organs which pass 
through it, between the visceral hump and the rest of the body, are aetually 
twisted, but the orientation of the mantle cavity and its organs is changed ,. 
Before torsion the gills and anus point backwards, ( figs. 8a & 9a) and the 
auricles are in front of the ventricles. After torsion the gills and anus 
project forward, ( figs. 8d & 9c) and the auriclesare in back of the ventriele 
The uncoiled viseeral nerve loops have becn caught inthe twisting and one 
laid over the other, one over and one under the intestine, both coming togeth~ 
“er near the anus forming a figure eight. This whole process takes only a few 
minutes for completions 

The large majority of gastropods belong to the order which exhibits 
torsion in full development , called Streptoneura or Prosobranchiata ( see 
table I). The.order may be divided inso two groups, a primitive ohe, Aspido-~ 
~branchiata or Diotocardia in which two gills and thus two auricles are 
preserved, and a more specialized one, Pectinibranchiata or Monotocardia in 
which the right ( primitive left) gill, its auricles and even kidney have 
dissapeared, Somg of the ‘Aspidobranchiata_ like Trochus are in an intermed= 
“late stage. 

It is possible that the dissapearance of the organs of one side is to be 
regarded as a consequence of processes concerned in torsion and that in Aspi- 
edobranchiata the phenomenon cannot be regarded as having reached its climax. 
Yn the other hand the Opisthobranchiata show that ‘the changes occuring in 
torsion are to a certain extent reversible. They have the gill pointing, 
backwards (as in fig. 9a), the auricle behind the ventricle and the visceral 
oop untwhsted and symmetrical. There are some forms ( Bullomorpha,Acteon) 
in Opisthobranchiata which possess a complete coiled shell but show only 90 
of tprsion | fig. 10 & 11), so that the anus and gill point laterally instead 
o¢ anteriorly. The visceral nerve loop also shows untwisting and the forms 
of this diyision are thus supposed to show partial reversion of torsion or 
detorsion. Forms like this pass into the typical Opisthobranchs with complete 
detorsion, ( Tethys ) in which the shell is reduced or lost, the gills directed 
posteriorly and the visceral nerve loop is completely untwisted ( as in fig Ja) 

, ihe Pulmonata are usually united with Opisthobranchiata to form the sub~ 
-class Euthyneura, as does Dall in Bull. 112. But Euthyneury® or symmetry 
of the nervous system ( more particularly the visceral part of it) is arrived 
at in different ways in the two divisions. In the Opisthobranchiata it is by, 
detorsion. In Pulmonata the shell is retained and the visceral hump coiled in 
typical members of the group, but the visceral nerve loop is shortened and 
untwisted at the same time and is incorporated with its ganglia into the 
tircumoesophageal nerve collar,so the nervous system becomes symmetrical ( 
figs. 12 & 13). The most primitive members of the Pulmonata still show a 
twisted visceral nerve loop which is beginning to shorten ( figel2). All of 
the group have lost the gill but they retain the single auricle which shows 
them to be derived from the Pectinibranchiatae 

One of the most characteristic structures of all mollusks, with the 
exception of the Pelecypoda, is the possession of a radula, which is a thin 
membraneous ribbon bearing transverse rows of many tiny chitinous teeth. The 
redula is usually borne on a cartilagihous support, the odontophore, furnish- 
-ed with protractor and retractor muscles by whose action the radula may ke 
sent out through the mouth and work to and fro like a rasp upon the animals 
prey ( fige 14). It is also used as a tool for boring into other shells in 
order to extract their contents, Only a small portion of the radula is used 
at one time. 


» 


#42— p 25 

The radula becomes modified differently necording to the use to which it 
is put. Thus the radula of a carniverous snail, like Murex,(fig. 22a) is 
different from that of a herbiverous snail, like Tegula (fig. 17). All mod= 
“ification in the teeth proceeds from the median line of the radula outwards 
toward the edge, the outer marginnl teeth being the last’ to be modified. 
Thus a study of the marginal teoth often gives a olue in many cases to the 
ancestral condition of much modified radulas although in many groups the 
change has been so long established and has proceeded so far that even the 


ee 


~crous but usually larger and more variable. The marginal teeth or Uncint 
near the margin sre small, simple, and very much alike. The radula is bilat~ 
-crally summetrical. Any series of teeth may be absent or repented. 

_ The structure of the redulae are used in the classification of all mol» 
-lusks which possess them. The superfomilies of the Streptoneura or Proso~ 
~branchia are usually based upon the structure of the radulae Suborder Aspid~ 
-obranchia a 
Docoplossn3 Radula with n few strong teeths The number in a row range from 
two to twelve. Tho ribbon is often very long, the teeth heavy. This inoludes 
Acmaeidac,Patellidae, and Lepetidne ( fige 16). 

Rhipidoplossa; The radula is remarkable in the development of the uncini or 
outer teeth. They are long, hooked, often cusped, arranged like a fan's ribs, 
curving backwards as they diminish in sizo. In only a few cases are they 
countable. This includes about seventeen families among which are Turbinidae, 
Trochidae,Phasianellidae, Haliotidae, and Fissurellidae. Dall included the 
Tast two in a sepnrate superfamily, dygobranchia, but other authors place 
them here ( figse 17 & 18). 

Pectinibranchiata 

Gymnoglossa; Both jaw and radula are absent, This includes the Mellanellidae 
and Pyrramidellidae. 

Ptenoglossa; The radula possesses an indefinite number of hooked teeth, the 
outside being tho largest. In Janthinn the central tooth is absent, the 
ribbon being of two large divisions with a gap between them down the center. 
This includes Janthinidae and Epitonidae ( fige 19). _ 
Taenoglossa; The central tooth is very variable, usually multicuspid, the 
central cusp being dominant; a single lateral, more or less cuspeds two 
uncini, simply hooked or a little cusped. This superfamily contains about 

46 families including Cypraeidac, Bursidae,Cerithidae, Littorinidae,Crepidul- 
~idae,Naticidae ( fige 20). 

Dactyloplossa; Ovulidae and Pediculariidne ( figs 21 ). 

Rhachiglossa; Most all are carniverous. The radula consists of a central 
tooth with one to 14 cusps, and a single lateral with more or less cuspSe 

The teeth are mostly sharp, hooked, and with a broad cutting edge. This 
includes Olividac,Mitridae,Fasciolaridae, Noptuneidac,Nassidae,Muricidae, md 
Coraliophilidae, Tho later does not have n radula ( fig. 22). 

Toxoglossa; The radula consists merely of large marginal teeth on each side, 
no central tooth and no laterals. This includes Torebridsae,Conidas, and Can 
-cellariidae. ( fige 23). 

See figs. 24-27 for radulae of other orders of Gasteropods. 

The details of the reproductive system are of great importance in the 
classification of the other orders of Gasteropods and also the Scaphopods 
and Amphineura, 

Tho sexes are separnte in most Stroptonoura but are united in Opistho-~ 
~“branchiata and Pulmonata. ' fig. 29). In dioecious forms the reproductive 


apparatus is simple, consisting of an ovary or testis situated dorsally in 


#42= p 26 
the visceral spiral with gonoducts forward on the right hand side of the rec~ 
-tum. In the male there is a nonsretractable penis ( fige 299). Hermaphnodtt io 
forms, such as Helix ( fige 29c) and Navanax ( figs 29d) have a complex appar= 
-atus consisting of an ovatestis or ' hermaphrodites gland', convoluted “her-~ 
-maphrodite duet?,'an albumen gland, sometimes a separate oviduct and sperm 
duct and sometimes a single duct. Usually a retractable penis, 

The Pelecypoda or Lamellibranchiata are flattened from side to side, the 
whole body being covered by two mantle lobcs secreting two shell valves united 
by a median hinge. The gills inside the greatly enlarged mantle cavity have 
developed into huge organs of automatic food collection and so the head thus 
rendered unnecessary and withdrawn into the mantle cavity has become vestigal. 
Similarly the foot has lost its flat sole and has to be extended between the 
valves to move the animal, 

The facts that the pelecypod shell, at its first appearance is univalve 
and the foot of the most primitive forms is of the creeping type and their 
gills plume=like, suggest that the class was derived from a form resembling 
a simple type of gasteropod with bilateral symmetry, paired gills, kidneys 
and auricles; and the fact that those organs are also paired inthe lower 
gasteropods seems to point to a common ancestor for Pelecypoda,Amphineura, 
and Gasteropoda, a a ae 

The organs of respiration are the gills and mantle. The gills are two in 
number=-- right and lefte- each consisting of a horizontal axis bearing two 
rows of filaments-=- an oyter and an inner.( fige30). The British usually 
arrange the Pelecypoda according tothe structure of their gills. There are 
three groups which can be arranged in en cvolutionary series showing the gills 
becoming larger, more complex and solid forms, Lastly there is an isolated 
group,Sceptibranchia, in which the hnbit of life has completely changed and 
the gills have practically dissapeared. Protobranchia-= Nucula, Solemya~~ 
filaments short,compressed and free from one another; Filibranchia--~ Arca, Pece 
sten, & Mytilus += fidaments deiiaate and somewhat flattened threads, each 
bends upon itself in a “V"s Bulamellibranchia=~ Ostrea, Sardium, Mya, Anodonta~~ 
gill filaments united by vascular interfilaments resulting in firm baskete 
like gills; Septibranchia~ gills reduced to horizontal muscular partitions. 
This includes Porom a,Cuspidaria etce 

The systemetists of this country, including both Dall and Johnson, have 
arranged the pelecypods according to their hinge structure, It is interesting 
to note, however, that the two systems correspond fairly well if the Proto- 
~branchia and Filibranchia of the British are lumped ( see table II). 

- The pecullarity of the digestive system of Pelegypoda is the presence 
of a diverticulum of the intestine,the cells of which secrete a Crystalline 
Style. This structure projects into the stomach against a structure called 
the gastric shield, It is constantly worn away and the style material is mi xed 
with the contents of the stomach. There is no doubt that this represents a 
special provision for the digestion of carbyhydrates. It is also found in 
some gasteropods. No portion of the figestive tract of Pelecypods is used 
in classification as in the gasteropods, 

The nervous system of mollusem in-general is fundamentally the same, each 
classand order merely having modifications of typical arrangement, The more 
primitive pelecypods have four distinct pairs of ganglia,( figs?) but in the 
remainder of the class the number {s reduced to three by the fusion of cere~ 
“bral and pletiral ganglia, 

The reproductive system of the Pelecypoda is likewise of little impor- 
~tance in classificatione 

In the Cephalopods the primitive bilateral symmetry is retained; though 
there is an unequal growth of the wisceral hump relative to the rest of the 
body, as in gasteropods, however, it is coiled in a plane spiral, There is 
no torsion, the mantle cavity remaining posterior. The primitive forms in the 


#42e pou P 27 
group have an external shell which is divided into chambers, those behind the 
body chamber containing gas. This has hed 1 great effect on the development 
of the group, for by diminishing the spocific gravity of the animals it has 
enabled them to become more or less free swimming. They have tended with the 
loss of the shell to become more and more efficient swimmers,and this ia 
associated with the development of their preditory habits, 

The most characteristic special fenture of the group is the extraordinary 
modification of the foot into arms or tentacles and the funnel. The class is 
raised far above the remaining Mollusca by its wonderfully high organizatim , 
especially of the nervous systemand the eyee There is nothing to indicate 
close relationship with any of the lower classes beyond the general conformity 
to the molluscan plan of organization and the presence of a radula ( fige28). 
The Cephalopod form is, in fact, a singularly isolated groupe Paleontology 
has not hitherto given any indication of their origin; and embryology is equale 
“ly silent; the nbsence of free swimming larva and the profound modificatim 
in development procuced by the enormous mass of egg yolk, sharply separatea 
them from all other members of the phylum, 


Table Ie Classification of Gasteropoda Table II Classification of Pelecypoda 


Prosobranchiata or Streptoneura American British 
Aspidobranchia ( Diotocardia) Prionodesmacia Protobranchiata 
Docoglossa Nuculacea Nucula 
Rhipidoglossa Filibranchiata 
( Zygobranchin) Arcacea Arca 4 
Pectinibranchia ( Monotocardia) Pectinacea Pecten 
Gymnoglossa Mytilacea Mytilus 
Ptenoglossa Ostracea 
Taenioglossa Teleodesmacea Eulamellabranchiata 
Dactyloglossa Ostraca 
Rhachiglossa Cardacea Cardium 
Toxoglossa Veneracea Mya 
Opisthobranchiata . ’ Mactracea Anodonta 
Tectibranchia Myacea 
Nudibranchia Anomalodesmacea Septibranchiata 
Pteropoda Poromyacea Poromya 
Palmonata Cuspidarla 


Bibliography 
Parker and Haswell »- Toxt of Zoology vole I 


Borradaile & Potts#- Invertebrata 

Shimer= An Introduction to the Study of Fossids 
Tryon= Structural and Systematic Conchology 

Dall= Mollusks of NeW. Coast of America Bylle 112 
Johnson= Marine Mollusca of Atlantic Coaste 


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RADULAS 


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#420 p 
MINUTES OF THE DECEMBER MEETING OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL ey i SOUTHERN CALIF. 

The Conchaur ener Club of Southern California met at the usual time and 
place Sunday, Deoe 3,1944; called to order by the President, Elsie M. Chace. « 
There were 15 pores present and 4 visitors. The visitors were: Margaret 
Sullivan, 2212 Manderville Canyon, Lily H. Clark, 1961 Loyelace Avee,Los 
Angeles7, Calif. end Carolyn Halde, 1917 Tiverton, Los Angeles 24. The two 
last named expressed a desire to become club members and will be welcomed 
by all of us. The fourth visitor, John Q. Burch III, did not express a desire 
for membership though he beamed on all of us being a bit too young and shy 
for conversation; but there is little doubt he will, in time, be one of our 
numbers 

After many delays in transmission and mail delivery the information 
finally arrived that the littleshell received from Mrse Van Winkle was colle 
~ected by her husband, an officer at Ascension Island, and if this were 1765 
B.C. would be entitled to be called Pecten adscensionis Osbecke Since that 
worthy gentleman a not comply with all the formalities of nomenclature and 
since the little ¢ grown shell had every marking of Pecten nodosus Linne vare 
or its equivalent Soeetan subnodosus Sowerby it should prowably bear one of 
these names ( or be called Chlamys), If the shell were mine I om sure it 
would be adorned with the 1765 name=- no matter what the “ authorities” had 
to say to the contrary. At 211 events we were all glad to see it and a letter 
will be sent to Mr.eand Mrs. Van Winkle telling them 50. 

The nominating committee, consisting of Morris Caruthers, Mrse Irene 
Baker, and John Q. Burch, submitted as names for officers for the coming 
year: President, George Willett- Vice-President, Dr. Wendell 0. Gregg=- Sec= 
~retary treasurer, Effie Me Clarke On motion made and carried they were unm= 
~imously electede 

The stndy of the lesson was then taken up with mich of interest to talk 
about and a summary will be found elsewhere in the minutes. 

At the close of bhe meeting the ° Christmas Grab Bag" was exposed to 
those present, and if all were as pleased as the secretary at this foretaste 
of Christmas, a good time was had by all. The meeting was then adjourned. 

Effie M. Clark, Secretary, 
PRESSE RESSES SESS EEL E SESE TT EES EE SE LES SS SE 

Collection For Sale = The collection of the late A.W. Hanham of 
British Columbia, Canada is offered for sale by Mr. Hanhams daughter. Those 
interested will please write Mrs. Violet Molesworth, 1176 Yates Street, 
Victoria, British Columbia, Canadas 

None of us have seen Mre Hanham's collection but many of us have in 
years gone by exchanged and corresponded with hime The collection represents 
a life time of work and contains many thousands of specimens. 

PRRSSEES ESL ESSE SE TESTES ESSE SS ESTEE EEE ESS 
IP.G.e Putnam, Route 2, Anacortes, Washington. We were very sorry to have a 
etter from Mr. Putnam advising that he suffered a back injury and has been 
disabled since last symmer. He had just acquired a dredge and proper rigging 
and we were in high hopes of getting some fine and interesting material, 
He is recoyering though and hopes to soon be his former self. Mre Putnam 
prepares laboratory material and is at this time working with dogfish. 
P.F.Ce Lewis Yan Winkle, 15362111, CoeK, 91st Infantry, A.P.0. 877, c/o 
Postmaster, Miami, Florida. This is the young man who collected shells on 
Ascension Island, Atlantic. His observations are interesting and he has bem 
making a Go iiestion that should be of scientific intereste The home address 
is 5125 Stewart Ave.e, Cincinnati 27, Ohioe 


f42~ p 32 , 

We held this page open in the expectation of having something about 
the affairs of the Long beach Shell Club but to date have received nothing. 
They will probably meet at their usual place in January. 

WKH EHK EEK EEE 

Dr. Te Van Hyning, Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, ° I would 
very much like for you to fublish the following notes in the minutes of 
your club, -- A few years ago I sent e small female Octopus with young and 
eggs to someone in California who was recommended to me ag studying this 
family and the only reply I received was that they were working on west 
coast material. I have now lost the name of the person and would like very 
much to have these specimens returned as they were found here in Florida, annd 
twice, since then I have read in your minutes of someone having received 
these tiny specimens from Florida, I now have a party at Yale University 
working on my large Florida collections that very much desires to see the 
specimens I sent to California.*® 
Faul C. Hutchinson, S2c, USN Hospe Corps, School, Co 2l-1, San Diego 34, 
Calif. Mrs Hutchinson was much interesteé in conchology several yearé6 ago 
but that interest was replaced by a study of succulent plants. Howeyer, 
after visiting the San Diego Museumand seeing their fine exhibit of shells 
he has returned to the fold and is eager to receive all possible informatim 
particularly about mollusks from the Pacific as he e xpects to see duty in 
the South Sease He has expressed a deeire to receive our minutes and we are 
happy to weleome him to our circles 
Harold Harry, Rte 2, Box 222, Shreveport, Louisiana, Our friend Harry is’ 
now on his ship at sea somewhere. He is in the Navy as his friends all know. 
We recently received one of the very attractive V Mail Christmas greetings 
from hime 
Mrs. Ruth Brookshire, 948 E. Beverley, Bellflower, Calif. The mother of 
Our member Licutenant Jack Brookshire, now and aviator and the last we 
heard stationed on Saipan. Jacks service address has been published several 
times recently and it is expected that his friends arewriting him direct. 
However, Mra. Brookshire suggests that she is filing all papers, duplicates 
ets, and keeping them for Jack on his returne So it would probably be as 
well to send such papers to Jack at his home address. It is not generally 
known but 2nd class mail is not forwarded to the men serving overseas. In 
order to send a copy of our minutes to one of the boys it is necessary to 
put them in a sealed envelope and pay first class postage on ite We hare 
been doing to to all of our members in the service but mention it here so 
friends of the boys will not just mail them a separate or something that 
will not be forwarded, Either send them firsy class direct to Jack or just 
mail them to him at the address abovese The same thing applies of course, to 
all the other boys in the services ee 
Dre LoG. Hertlein, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate’ Park, San 
Francisco, Calif. “ I think that the minutes of the club are useful and 
mach interesting information is being gathered togethers I am always glad to 
cooperate in the good work and have gohe over your preliminary notes each 
time with Allyn Smith and my suggestions have been included in his letters 
to you, There is of course much divergence of opinion regarding taxonomy 
and I have endeavored to follow a middle course in regard to generic unitse 
Of course, I think that my valid change or correction should be made but 
where a great amount of splitting or lumping is based on some individual's 
idea it is open to question whether or not it may turn out to be generally 


accpeted. You have certainly handled the presentation of the varipus ideas 
very well.®, 


#42 back page 


Philine californica Willett, 1944 
Redondo Beach, Calif. 50 fathoms 8/10/41 


MK 411 


This is 4 drawing of the animal from a photograph of the living shell. 
This is the only specimen we dredged and it lived in a habitat that was 
characteristic of a relatively small and hard to find area off Redondo 
Beache The most outstanding feature of this was the vast numbers of foram= 
“inifera with which it was associated= about + of a dredge hayl would be 
almost pure foramsse TeA, Burche 
PELE LEE E LEE ES SS SS . 
Lte Jack W, Brookshire, 9th Troops Carre Sqdnse AsPeOe 244, c/o PeMe San 
rancisco, Calif.” Glad to receive your letter and the Minutes e. My Mari-~ 
e“anas collection is ever increasinge 1 have edded over fifty new species 
to my collection in the past two months. All unidentified for the present, 
of coursee I've made trips down into the Palau group but my collecting there 
&.s necessarily restricted, Lately I mot one of those sharks of the man eate 
“ing variety in his own element= almost in his own home. Those breakera 
over the reef were a terrific helpe So far I've only been collecting those’ 
specimens that are found on rocks. I'll start working on the sandy bottom 
next monthe At Enewitok one day in Sept. I got 20 Terebra maculata, 2 
Terebra oculata, 2 Terebrn dimiddata,Polinices pyriformis, a Cassis and 
( I think) smaller unidentified Terebras of different species, It was a 
good day. In my job with the Transport Air Group back in the Gilbert and 
Marshall Islands I frequented every major atoll tho I collected at only 
four~ Apamama, Majuro, Kwajlein, and Enewitoke If Tom comes into the Pacific 
Area be sure to give his address to mee I'll probably be able to see him, 
P.S. I really appreciate your efforts in obtaining a shell book of this 
area for me.® 
WeE. Griffiths, 24 ( Aster) Melita St,, Sliema, Malta. Mr. Griffiths writes 
at his shell collection suffered considerable damage fromthe bombings 
No doubt his host of old friends and exchangers will take care of that very 
shortly after the resumation of normal shippinge He writes ™ »., The cause 
of the damage may have beon through oareless packing which was done by my 
children as I was on duty that fateful night of 10/11 June,1940 when Italy 
declared war at midnight. Every one was expecting air raids during the night 
in fact the first raid took place at 6150 in the morning of the 11th of Junee 
Effect of blast may have had something to do with it also, bocause the house 
I lived in had many near misses, in fact the house on the right and the one 
on the left as well as three or four in front were razed to the ground. Mir= 
~aculously mine escaped damage but the effect of blast is tremendons end, 
undescribables oo.” ; 


#43 pl 


MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUR OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


~~ January ~ 1945" 


The minutes and other publications of the Conchologieal Club of Southern 
Californin are not open to subscription. However, ny of our friends inter= 
-ested in receiving them, may send us donitions or stamps to help defray the 
cost of materinl ond postage. 


Any institution or library interested in filing these minutes is welcome 
to all available back issues and a place on our mailing list without charge. 
Students of particular problems nre alweys welcome to ask us for specimens 
for study 28 well ss oll information we my have, 


' The next meeting will be held Februnry 4, at the Los Angeles Museun, 
Exposition Park, Los Angelos, Calif. at 2:30 Pil. 
We are now meeting the first sunday of each monthe 


Please mail all news nbout shells, shell publications, shell eollectors, 
shell trips, loenlities etc. bo your editor, 
John Q.- Burch, 
4206 Halldnle Aree, 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 
PEC EE SLES LE SES ES SE SET SSS SS 
Inasmuch as members continue to send in their particular interests, we 
have decided to run our final membership list in the next issue. If you 
have not as yet sont in your dita plense do s0 nt once. 
JE OR OO OIG RO ig. tak rik ak 
An excellont list of the mirino mollusks of Argentine hus been publishod. 
Carcelles, Alberto % Catnlogo de los moluscos mirinos de Pucrto Quequen 
( Republien Argentina)® , Revistn del Musco de La Plata ( Nueva serie) 
Seccion Zoologin, tomo III, ppe 233-309, 15 pls., 1944. 


The Decomber, 1944 issuo of the Proceedings of the Mnalacological Society 
of London, Vole 26,.parts 2 ond 3, has been received, 

The outstanding pspers contained follow; " The Living Molluso-I, In relat 
-ion to its surroundings ® By A.T. Hopwood; ® English Eocene Eulimidae with 
notes on the torsion of Eulimn and on Charlesworth's Illustrations” by As 
Wrigley; " Geologienl Survey Museum notes® By A.S. Kennard; * Catalogues 
and collections® By JeR. le Be Tomlin} On Pseudolimen Arkelle % By LeRe Cox e 


The interesting Janunry Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of San 

Diego is at hnande 

PES ETE SESE LESS SS PEST ES ES 
Dr.» Maxwell Smith, Box 65, Winter Park, Floridn is now curator of the Beal 
Maltbie Shell Museum at Rollins College. We predict that he will do great 
credit to this fine institution. “ Your vory stimulnting Minutes nre much 
enjoyed and oll malacologists are indebted to you for the pninstaking work 
you are doing in this connection. I om now curator of the Beal-Maltbie Shell 
Museum at Rollins College here and now engaged in bringing the collection 
up to date so far as nomenclature is concerned. It will take all of a year 
to install the new labels for the displey crses clone. I am introducing 
many of my own large specimens, but hive » private study collection at home 
which ‘s available to those who wish to use it.” 

BR a Kk dR IO ok ee at 
Don Edmonds, 922 Ne Kingsley Dre, Los Angeles 27. Don suffered a severe 
shaking up in a motor cycle wreck reocntly. Ho was in the hospital for some 
time but is now happily rocovering at homée 


#43=- p 2 

We regret to announce the death of Mrs. Ida 0. Niles of Long Beache 
She was affectionately known to most of usas * Monnie®, and was the mother 
of Mrs. Leona Linderman and tho grandmother of Mrse Fred Barnett, 

1 OE IO Ik 
Charles B. Lec, 69 Verplanck Street, c/o Dickson, Buffalo 8, N.Y. This is 
the home address of our friend Pfc. Chas, Be Loe, 12168645, 2143 AAFBU, Sec « 
wa®) T.AsAeFe, Tuskegee, Alabama, Les sugrests that perhaps his conchologi- 
-cal frionds had better use the home address. 
Alden Strong, 3532 Iris Sf$., Noe, St Petersburg, 6, Flas Mr. Strong advises 
that ho has boon changing address 60 frequently that his mail does not keep 
up with him. The above seems to be the latest. 
Jose A, Freire, Heredia 305, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. "® The Grupo Humboldt 
of the Sociedad de Geografia ¢ Historia de Oriente, of whose museum I am in 
charge, is anxious to get a few large colorful shells for display, so I will 
appreciate it very much if you will send me prices of the shells that fullfill 
that classification: large and colorful.® 

Inasmuch as we are not interested in selling shells to our friends it 
is possible that others interested in the sale of shells may see this notice. 

However, we will be very glad to send some of our largest species to 
the museum in Cuba with no thought of paye Our large west coast Haliotis 
are just about the only group I cen think of that will fill the requirements 
of large and colorful so we are mailing a box of some 5 or 6 species of our 
California Haliotis,. 

Wede pueroeme 7531 19th Avee, NeEe, Seattle 5, Wash. * Your efforts in the 
compilation of reports on the distribution of the wost coast shells has be@mn 
richly rewarded,and I am sure that it is being appreciated more and more. 
The Minutes are becoming more valuable every year as a source of desirable 
information about mollusea. During the past year I have made considerable 
addition fo my collection through exchanges. The largest single exchange that 
I have received was 410 species from Adele Koto, most of which are new to my 
rather large collection. I have also made exchanges with Powell of New Zea-= 
-land and many of our own shell collectors, Received the returned Veneridae 
from you also a nioe letter from Lt. Jack We Brookshire from Saipane I expect 
that some day 4f everything turns out O.K. I will make a lot of additions 
to my South Pacific shell collections through some of the fighting shell 
collectors.® 
Mrse Margaret Voare, 681 Lafayctte Ave., Buffalo 9, N.W. Our friend Chase 
Be Lee introduces us to Mrs. Venre . We hope to hear more of here 

HE K EK KK KA KEES 
Dre die Myra Keen of Stanford University sends some interesting notes about 
some of those we knows % Major Schenck is now Director of Training and Exec= 
eutive Officer of a Civil Affairs Training School in New Guinea. He has sent 
us several boxes of shells, he says, none of which has had time to arrive 
here yet. Later I hope to send you a list of species collected by him and by 
other collecting enthusiasts in New Guinea such as SeasBee JeM.e Dowdle , who 
has already sent in over 90 kinds.® a ae 

PETE TET TLC CLS LST Ce SL SY 
Ted Dranga, 4340 S.W. 14th St., Miami 34, Floridae Thanks for the check, Ted 
but we are always glad to hear from you. The beautiful necklace and bracelet 
of Cuban Polymita you sent Mrs. Burch last year is now being admired on the 
campus of U. of C. at Berkeley being worn by one of the sorority girls. 

Ted's interests are tho sale and purchase of world wide sea shells. My 
curiosity is aroused somewhat though by what he does with any mediocre shells 
he may come across.s I have never seena shell bearing Ted's label that was 
not a superlative Noe 1 specimens 

NEIDIO OR AO IIe 


Se 
S 
ne ie i - 
' bn, = 
~- ee 
7 
ve 
f 
\ 
een — 


Tellina buttoni 


Macoma inguinata 
———— 


3m Baal 
Hew _, 


Me carlotensis 


, ae ae Vee ~ 
/ vf 
( (f—--~ 


AS ape 


Te carpenteri 


Me incongrua 


Me quadrana 


ON a ee rated 


H#A3= p 3 


Simp 


Me planiuscula 


( topotype 


mm 
aes 


Me glaskana 


lmm 
_ 
we poe 
ef - ~ 
fannie 
ae ~ 
(aa 
eat bas nae 
—_ 7 


Hingo of 
Tellina bodegensis 


Hinge of Apolymetis biangulata 


#430 p 4 


_—_ aie - 
7 rae 
—— 
Hinge of 


Macoma carlottensis 


Hinge of 
Macoma nasuta 


4. 
um 4 oONP 


These figures have been retraced from the report on Tellinidae 
made to the club in July ,1943 and published in Minutes #25, 9=26, 
They are from the work of Beatrice Le and Thomas A. Burch. 


» 


#43- p 5 
Superfamily TELLINACEA Key to Families 

ae Valves slightly unequl and ad twisted. 

be Resilium embraced in the ligament, subexternal eeeee Tellinidae 

bbe Rasilium internal, often on a distinct chondrophoree Semelidae 
aae Valves subequivalve, little twisted 

ce Shell subovete; ligement external snd conspicuous ... Garidae 

ecs Shell suhtrigonal or wedge shaped; ligament short, 

external, sented in 1 deep groove ie loncee alae eal cae Donacidae 

( The above key taken onan Cotton and Godfrey ° The Mollusks of South 
puetEEONe 


Family . “TELLINIDAE 
Genus Tellinn Linnneus, 1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Schmid’,1818), 
Tellin radi radinta Linnacuse 

"the shell is slightly a egutyalie: compressed, rounded in front, ang= 
“ular and slightly folded posteriorly, umbones subcentrol. The pallial sinus 
is very wide and decp, tho lignment is external and prominent. Teeth 2,23 
laternls 1,1," 

This genus has been divided into three groups on the basis of lateral 
teeth by Dall, 1900 ( Transs Wagner Free. Inst. ). However, his subgenera 
are subject to somo discussione 
A. With two lateral Tantinne in each NALA those in the left valve always 

less stronfe 

Subgenus Tellinna n Bebe However, Be Dall uses Tellina ( Lam) with the 

type T. virgota Linnacus Dre As Myra Keen advises on this matter as 
follows ( Per. Comme Dec. 1944) ® Tellina ses. must have the same type 
as Tellina sele, namely , T. radiata a, Tellina idae_ may be assigned 
to subgenus Tellinella Morch, 1853, type ( designated by Stoliozka,1871, 
Tellina virgata Linnacus.® 
Be ‘With two: lateral Inminne in. the iene valve, ono or both of those of the 
‘left valve absent or obsolete. 
Subgenus Merisea Dall, 19°O exe T. declivis Sowerby. 
Subgenus Moerelia Fischer, 1887 exe Te salmonen Carpenter. 
C. Hinge with a strong right anterior lateral , closely adjacent to the car 
~dinals, the left lnterals absent, the posterior right lateral Sree toes 
' Subgenus Angulus Megerle, 1811 ex. TI. carpenteri Dall 
Subgenus Oudardia Monterosato,1885 oxe Te buttoni Dall, 
Subgenus Peronidia Dall,1900 exe T. bodegensis Hinds. 


Subgenus Tellinella * Gray" Morch, 1853. Type ( by subsequent designation, 
Stolicskn, 1671), Tollina virgata Linnaeus. 

* Shell of medium size,. ovate to elongate ovate, posteriorly more. or 
less rostrate end twisted, to the right, with a fold in the right valve, and 
a corresponding furrow in the left, compresses, rather stout, white or yell- 
-owish, more or less broadly rayed . with red or red brown; umbones prominmt, 
median or slightly posterior. The sculpture consists of rather fine,strong, 
crowded concentric lirstions, strongest and often sublamellar posteriorly, 
with fine microscopic radinl thrends, most prominent near the umbones. Lig- 
~ament external,rather stout, dark brown, lying in a narrow elongate, dep- 
eressed escutcheon, ond situnted on a rathor stout, posteriorly truncate nymph. 
The hingo consthsts of to cardinals in each valvo, one strong, triangular 
and grooved( the posterior one in the right valve,the anterior one in the left) 
and the other smaller, more slender and diversent; there are two laterals in, 
each valve, those in tho rirht valve stronr,sublamollar,tricngular, and thoso 
din the loft valve rather lov and somowhat fusec with the margin. Interior 
whito or yellow, often with red reys shoving through; muscle scars typical, 
the Beer one suborbicular, the anterior one elongate. The pallial sinus 


i432 p 6 
is rather large, extending nbout four fifths or more of the distance between 
the tivo muselo scars” ( Dall,HBartsch « kehder= iiolls. of Havaii). 


Tellina ( ses idae Dall, 1891. ™ Santa Barbara Islands and San 
Pedro, Oalif, Dall), Type locality, Long Beach, Calif. 
In our experience tho rango of this species along the mainland would 
be from Newport Bay north to Santa Monica, Calif. 
Collecting datas San Pedro,Torminal Island,19955, Newport Bay 10/35, 
and not uncommon in the dredgings ofi Redondo Buach between 25 fms, and 
ase deepms 60 fms. Specimens from 8an Pedro are difficult to identify because 
of the fact that so much fossil material is washed into the bay that it is 
confusing to determine whethor or not tho specimen is Recent or fossil(Burch) 
Young specimens are cquilateral and triangulur in shape with much coatser 
sculpture than the adults. In faot,thhe very young are common in the Redondo 
Beach dredgings and usually take a second look to classify on the first trip. 


Subgenus Merisen Dall, 1900. Type ( by original designation), Tellina crys- 
etollina Woods * eee the laterals of the right valve are strongly developed 
but the left valve is without lateral teeth, its margin fitting aboye the 
laterals of the opposite valwess* (DBall). | 

Dre Dall used Meris6a as a section of the subgenus Arcopagia Leach,1827 
of which Dall save © posterior left lateral absent, and the anterfor obsolete, 
other teeth normal®, It seems that the strongly developed right laterals 
are sufficient to distinguish this section as a subgenus. 

Tellina ( Merisoa) lemollata Oarpenter, 18834. ° San Diego, Calif. to Mazat~ 
~Ian™ (ball). Type losality, Mazatlan. 

None of the members roport having taken either this species or the 
following. However, Mr. Ashie Strong comments * Know of no records for these 
species, However, they both range up along the Lower California coast and 
strays could come up as far as Catalina.® 


Tellina ( Merisoa) deolivis Sowerby, 1868/ ™ Catalina Island, Calif. to 
anama” ( Dall). ; 


Subgenus Moerslla Fisoher, 1887. Type ( by monotypy), Tellina donacina Lime. 

" Shell small, compressed, hardly folded, acute behind, rounded in front, 
with feeble concentric sculpture; left laterals obsolete; no interior radii; 
the sinus long, coalescent with the pallial line below? (Dal1,1900), 

Dall says this section is closely related to Angulus but has the laterals 
better developed and is without the internal radii, 

Tellina ( Moerella) salmonea Carpenter, 1864, ° Aleutian Islands to San Pedro, 
Calif.” ( Dall). Type locality, Monterey, Calif. 

Collecting datas Umnak Island, Atka Bay, Forrester Island, Alaska- Mal- 
~aga Cove, Los Angeles county, Calife- S, Coronado Island in 15 fms. (Willett) 
dredgec off Pacific Grove, Calif. Aug, 1937 in 15 fms. sand ( Burch); Drier 
Bay, Knight Island, Afognak Id., Mitrofinis Id., Sitkalidak Ids, Kodiak Id .e, 
Alaska and Dutch Harbor,Unimak Id.,Atka Id. Aleutians ( W.J. Eyerdam); Hinch 
-inbrook Ise coll. by Ingvar Norberg ( Eyerdam). 

Before 1922 a number of specimens were taken from 5an Pedro Bay. This 
seems to be one of quite a number of species which Mr. A.M. Strong found 
before the dredging and filling operations. ; 

Tellina ( Moerella) meropsis Dall, 1900, * San Diego, Calif, to Gulf of 
California” (Dall). Type locality, San Diego, Calif. 

Collecting data: San Diego and La Jolla, Calif., April 1936( Burch); 

San Diego Bay, 1916 ( Chace) San Diego Bay, common ( W.K. Emerson). 


Subgenus Angulus Megerle, 1811, Type( by subsequent designation, Gray,1847), 
Tellina lanceolata Linnaeus. 


#43- p 7 
" Shells elongated, variable in size but chiefly small, compressed, with 
the posterior end angularly pointed and not twisted, the surface smooth or 
with fine concentric sculpture; nymphs short and prominent, the ligament 
short; hinge with a single ndjacent lateral well developed in the right 
valve anteriorly; internally a thickened ray passes from the umbo just beh= 
~ing the anterior adductor scars and one or two narrower similar rays in 
front of the posterior odductors, often stronger in the left valve, the pa-~ 
~terior rays sometimes obsolete; sinus largely or wholly coalescent with 
the pallial line below® ( Dall). 
Tellina ( Angulus ) carpenteri ie) 1900. " Forrester Island, Alaska to 
Gulf of California® ( Dall, 1921) ® Patiama” ( Dall,1908). Type locality, 
Monterey and Catnlina Islinnd,. 

Collecting data: The bathymetric range of this species 18 somewhat 
amazinge We have collected it in great numbers in such sloughs as Anaheim 
Bay ,Mugu,Hewport Bay etes apparently spawning in the summer months, and have 
also dredged it at all depths down to below 100 fathoms off Redondo Beach, 
Calif. Dredged off Monterey,Calif. in 40 fms. 8/1937. Specimens dredged off 
Santa Monica in shnllow water 12/1936 have no pink color in them as have 
the typical specimens. Dredged in abundance off Ensenada, Mexico and also 
taken in the Estero below Ensenada. ( Burch). 

Comment on this species by Bentrice Le and Thomas A, Burch , Minutes 
Conche Club. Soe Calif. #25,p.e 12 * Resembles T. modesta and Te. buttoni . 

It is glossy, flat, narrow,hardly % inch long (“Keep). 1t can be distingui- 
-shed from T. buttoni by the absenee of a rny behind the anterior muscle 

scar» There is a slight difference in sculpture. The T. buttoni has a blinter 
posterior end. The color ranges from white, pink stripes,through solid pink, 
even purplishe Many collectors note that they find specimens lacking in pink 
but the Burehes find many colored formse Mud bank forms are usually pink aand 
smaller than the sand forms. Mr. Goorge Willott notes that the Forrester 
Island, Alaska specimens are more striped and of a muddy yellow with rays" 

This species is amazingly common when founds To quote from AwM. Strong, 
1922 " This species is to be found in large numbers inthe shallow water 
of the upper portions of the tide channels at Anaheim Bay, living just under 
the surface of the black oozes It is also dredged in Catalina Harbor ( CEW 
and AMS). Formerly ( before 1929) plentiful in San Pedro Bay ( Tremper)e 
Tellinn ( Angulus) tabogensis Salisbury.34 " Catalina Island, Calif. to 
Panama” ( Dali). Type locality, Panama Bay. ( Te panamensis Dall,1900-) 

The question of just what this species is has been the subject of a 
great deal of discussion between local collectors. We have a statement on 
it from Mrs AwMe Strong ( Pere Comme Dece 1944) " Have specimens dredged 
off Catalina so identified by Dall. They are very small, pure white and 
smooth. I can see nothing which would distinguish them from the young of 
the white phase of T. carpenteri Dall. The Beebe-Crocker Exped. material 
contained many small valves of Tellina which I could not place. Tellina 
panamensis Dall , if there is such a thing, should be among theme Tats Cabog~ 
“ensis, new name for panamensis ( Proce. Malaa. Socf vole21,pte2,p,86,1 346 
Bubgenus Oudardin Monterosato, 1885. Type ( by original designation) ,Tellina 
oudarcii Payraudeau -~ Tellina compressa Procchis 

with a thick internal anterfor rib® ( Dall, 1900). 
Tellina ( Oudardia) modesta Carpenter, 1864, " Vancouver Island to Lower 
Calif.” ( Dall). Type lonality, Puget Sound. 

Beatrico Le and Thomas A. Burch in Minutes #25, pe 13 discuss this spec- 
-ies as follows; * This is a typical sand sholl, found only by dredging. The 
shell is small, white, rather short, with a thick but rather obscurely def- 
-ined ray behind the anterior adductor scare The Burches have dredged some 
specimens off Santa Monica, Calif. which appear to be intermediate between 


T. modesta and T. buttonise Therefore these may be but varieties of the same 
_ species,* 


#43= p § 

Dall placed this species in the subgenus Angulus which does not have | 
an internal rib even though the specics is Eegeethad as having an internal 
rib. It seems clear that T,. modesta should be placed in the subgenus Oudare 
-dia,® jects = 

“~~ Collecting data: Dredged off Avalon, Catalina Island in 35 fms. 6/1937, 
off Monterey, Calif. in 20 fms, shale bottom 8/1940, off Santa Monica in 
19 fms. sand 12/1935, off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fms, sandand gravel 
12/1937, off Malaga Cove, Los Angeles Cos, Calif. in 15 fms, sand ( Burch) 3 
off South Coronado Island in 10 fms. ( G. Willctt ); Victoria, B.C. in 5 
fms. ( Lewis) ( Willett). 
Tellina ( Oudardia) buttoni Dall, 1000, " Lituya Bay, Alaska to the Gulf 
of California” ( Dall). Type locality, Guadalupe Island, Lower Californias 

Comment from Minutes #25, p» 13 " The shell is white, the surface con~ 
-centriocally grooved with the sculpture stronger on the right valve anter~ 
~iorly. There is a well thickened ray behind the anterior adductor scar.® 

Collecténg data; Morro Bey, Calif. Ae and 5/1940 on sandy shore, 
Cauyocos, Calif, 1940, Monterey, Calif. 8/1937 in 10 fms. and 25 fms, and 
8/1940 in 20 fmse on shale bottom, Mugu, Ventura Co., Calif. 12/1937 from 
sand vab, off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fms, 12/1937 ( Burch) 

From Mre AeMe Strong we learn that these were formerly to be found in 
large numbers at the westorly end of Torminal Island ( Tremper). Quite a 
number of specimens dredged in Catalina Harbor in about 3 fms. 


Subgenus Peronidia Dall, 1900. Type ( by original designation), Tellina 
albicans Gmelin, 

Shell without laterals, having the characters of Angulus 8.8. and 
the external eppearance of Eurytellina.” ( Dall), 


‘Tellina ( Peronidia) bodegensis Hinds, 1844, ® Queen Charlotte Islands, 
British Columbia to Gulf of California. Japan?” ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, 
Bodegas Bay, California. 

Comment on this species from Minutes #25, pp 14~15 * This is a beautiful 
species but difficult to distinguish from Tellina santarosae Dall. The edit= 
~ors believe the two are synonymous; T, santarosae the more southern forme 
Further discussion of these species is found under T. santarosac. * 

MacGinitie notes ( 1935) that Tellina bodegensis has long, split siphons 
and that the incurrent one is much longer than. the excurrent one. Portions 
of the siphons often autotomize when the clam is disturbede In the slough 
in which he worked, he found that if the species were left exposed too long 
by a low tide, they came to the surface in search of water and remained at 
the surface, Mre and Mrs, E.P, Chace note that T. bodegensis crawls on edge 
just below the surface of the sand leaving a slit like groove. 

This species is found in bays, in shallows, and also in deepwatere 

Older forms showa tendency to thicken the sheli fromthe inside, 

Mr. George Willett believes that T, bodegensis and T, santarosae are 
not identical but just similar. 

Collecting data; Morro Bay, Calif. just beyond the breakwater, June 1935, 
adult alive; Crescent City, Calif. ( E.P. & E.M. Chace); Pacific Grove, Cal if. 
Auge 1937, 15 fms., Santa Cruz Island, young forms dredged in 10 fms., Term~ 
-inal Island, San Pedro, San Diego, Calif. shore, Anaheim Lending, one valve 
( Burch) : 
Tellina ( Peronidia) santarosae Dall, 1900. " Santa Barbara Islands‘ and 
San Diego, Calif."( Dall) to Ensenada, Lower California, Mexico ( Burch). 
Type locality, Santa Rosa, island, California. 

Comment by Beatrice Le and Thomas A. Burch in Minutes #25, pe 15 * This 
species is flat, thin and less bent posteriorly than T. bodegensis, Also the 
typical T, santarosae, on the posterfor fourth of the right valve has much 


#43e p 9 
narrower interspaces which are elevetec. The left valve sculpture is more 
feeble than the right. It never seems to thicken on the inside of the shell 
as does a typical old T, bedegensis. The southern form, Te santarosae seems 
to be 8o similar to the more northerly T. bodegensis that it is exceedingly 
eat ticuls to separate them especially in those local regions in which they 
overlape® 

In the discussions of this group the following note was made by John 
Q. Burch ® Dr. Dall in his discussion of this species states * This form, 
which may prove a special race of Tellinn bodegensis ,» ees". In my opinim 
we have here snother of the many species in wh hic h the northern specimens 
differ from those from the southe It must be conceded that a typical specimen 
of adult bodegensis is quite different from a typical specimen of adult 
santarosae, that is, if you take your bodegensis from northern California 
and your santarosae from perhaps Ensenada, Mexicoe I am not in favor of 
putting santarosne in the synonymy because it seems to be certainly a good 
eubrpecies if it is not a spocics. I sugrest Tellina bodegensis santarosae 
Dalle* However, this theory did not meet with the approval of the majority 
and the consensus of opinion is to retnin the two species as distinct. 

Collecting datat Annheim Landing, Calif. 1937, Ensenadn, Lower Calif. 
Mexico June 1938, and many dead valves washed up on the- beach ( Burch); liv~ 
“ing specimens taken with T. idne at the time of the first dredging in 5m 
Pedro Bay ( Mrs. W.H. Eshnaur); formerly plentiful on the ocean side of 
Terminal Island ( Tremper). 

Tellina ( Peronidin) lutea Wood,1828. * Aretic Ocean, Bering 5808s North 
Hapan , the Aleutian Islands ave east to Cook's Inlet, Alaska” ( Dall,1921). 

Dre Dall in Bulletin 112 anc other authors have given " Gray 1828' as 
the author of this species. Dr. A. Myra Keen ( Pere Comme Dene 1944) explains 
this as follows ® According to the Internetional Rules, the author of a 
species name is the person who publishes it; Wood published the name from 
Gray's manuscript museum label. One could write “" Wood, ex Gray MS", but 
not just"Gray*. The type locality for this species was not given in the a 
~“inol; Mree Oldroyd's mention of Icy Cape is incorrect", 

Collecting data: Unimak Island and Kodink Island, Alaska, 1926 (wiiett); 
Kukak Island, Alaskn 3/15/36 ( G. Willett); Nunivak Island in 3 fmse( Lewis); 
Izhut Bay, Afognak Ide,1922-- Mitrofania Ide, and Uyak, Kodiak Id.,1928, 
Unagaska and Bering Id., 1932 and Raspberry Ide, Alaska 1939 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
Tellina ( Peronidin) lutoa venulosa Schronck, 1861. * Schumagin Islands, 
Alaska; Sakhalin Island, dapan™ ( Dall, 1921). Type locality according to 
Dre Ae Myra Keen is ® Sakhalin Island”. 

Collecting data: Gulf of Peter the Great, East Siberia, 1938 (Eyerdam). 


Genus Apolymetis Salisbury,1929. Type ( by monotypy), Tellina meyeri Phil. 
cag Lene yeri Dunker ( fide Grant sand Gale,1931). 

Metis He & Ae Adams as used by Dall and others is replaced by Apolymetis 

(Salisbury, Proce ‘Malace Sooe Lone vole 18, pp 265 & 258). 

" Shell suborbicular, compressed, yalves sillonated, posterior flexuosity 
submedian; no lateral teeth” ( Tryon S.S. Conche). 
Apolymetis bianpulata ( Carpenter), 1856. ( Mctis alta Conrad) 

‘Santa Barbara, Calif. to San Diezo® ( Dall, 1921) extended to Ensenada, 
Mexico ( Burch). 

Dre As Myra Keen advises on this species as follows ( Pere Comme Dece 
1944) " The type locnlity of Apolymotis binngulata ( Carpenter) is Santa 
Barbara. The date is 1856, not 1855 as eiven in my check list. The descrip- 
-tion was published in the P.Z.S. for 1855, but in a part that did not 
actually appear until 1856. The original Borerineion follows: 


#43= p 10 

? Scrobicularia bLangulata 
? 8. te suborbiculari, subsaequilaternli, convexiuscula, striis concentricks 
vix regularibus, postice undata, angulis cuobus subobsoletis; ligamento 
externo tenuissimo, in sulcos alte imprcsso, semi=interne sito; ligamento’ 
interno fossa trigonali scalena sito, altori acjacente; dentibus cardinal~ 
~ibus in ywtraque valve duvbus, contiguis, vix radiantibus; cicatricibus 
muscularibus subovalvibus, sinu pallii maximo; alba, intus aureo tincta. 
Longs 1/5, late 1/78, alte oe 8 yolle lab. Sta. Barbara® 

Collecting datas Formerly plentiful around Terminal Island ( Tremper) 3 
also from A.M. Strong,1922 * valves not uncommon on the beach at Terminal 
Island in 1912 and 1913, These may have come from dredging in San Pedro © 
Harbors I have taken a few small ones at different times in Anaheim Bay (EB oPe 
Chace); dredged off Redondo Beach in 25 fms. gravel, collected littoral on 
Terminal Island, 1936, Anaheim Bay, Huntington Beach, dead valves by the 
hundreds, living specimens few, in upper Newport Bay, 1937, dug from fine 
sand about 6 inches deep and about 20 living adult specimens, Mugu Bay, 
Ventura Cos, Calif. 5/1937 , Mission Bay, San Diego Coe 1936-1937, alive 
but not common, in the Estero de Todos Santos Bay below Ensenada, Mexico 
11/1937 ( Burch); reported from Mission Bay but not common ( W.K. Emerson) 3 
common in San Pedro Harbor just outside the outer harbor berths ( E.P. Chace). 


Genus Macoma Leach, 1819, Type ( by monotypy), Macoma tenera Leach-~ Tellina 
calcarea Gmeling eats Wi a5 
© Shell without lateral teeth; of a rounded subtrigonal shape, usually 

but slightly inflated, generally with a marked posterior flexure; sculpture 
lacking or of feeble concentric growth lines; pallial sinus generally con- 
-fluent with the pallial line®, 

Quoting from Minutes #25, p» 17 * The Pacific Coast Macomas may be 
separated into four groups, 
le A miscellaneous group 
2. A group resembling M. nasuta in shape 
3. The M. quadrana and carlottensis groupe 
4. The Me (ata groupe Usually placed in Section Rexithaeruse 

In the second group, Me nasuta is casily distinguished since the 
pallial sinus in the left valve reaches the anterior adductor scare Ms ins 
~quinata is more equilateral than M. nasuta but not as much as M. inoongrua 
which is also more inflated.® Tes Eey 


Macoma middendorffii Dall, 1884, % Bering Strait, south to the Commander 
and Aleutian Islands and eastward to Chirikoff Island, Alaska® ( Dal1,1921). 
Type locality, Bering Island 

® Reoognizable by its high triangular form, solid shell, with broad 
hinge plate and flattened left valve® ( Dall, 1900), 

Collecting data: Gulf of Kronotsky, Kamchatka, 1925; Nome, Atka Ide3 
Bering Sea, Alaska 1932 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Macoma incongrua ( Martens), 1865. * Aretic Ocean, south to Japan on the 
west and to San Diego, Calif. on the east” ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, 
Yokohama, Japane : 

Comment from Minutes #25, pe 19 * Distinguished from M. inquinata in 
being more inflated and equilateral, This shell seems to be identical with 
Me inguinata arnheimi Dall. Found in soft muddy sand,® . 

Collecting datas Kodiak Island, Alaska to Tacoma, Washe ( Ge Willett); 
Nunival Island, Bering Sea, in 10 fms. ( Lewis) ( Willett); taken in many 
localities in Alaska ( W.d. Eyerdam). 

Macoma brota Dall, 1916. % Bering Sen to Puget Sound® ( Dall,1921). Note by 
Dre As Myra Keen ® The type locality of the holotype of Macoma brota is 


#43— p 2) 
Puget Sound”, 

Comment, Mine #25, pe 19 ® Surface Cull; umbones further posterior 
than M. calearea™.s 

Collecting data: Wrangel, Alaska in 60 fms. ( G. Willett); Unalaska 
and Atka Island, Aleutian Islands ( W.J. Eyerdam)$ Aputan Island, Aleutian 
Islands ( Ingvarc Norberg) ( Fyerdam). 

Macoma brota lipara Dall, 1916, ° Bering Sen to Puget Sound® (Dall, 1921) . 
Dre As Myra Keen advises that the type locality of this species is off 
Queen Charlotte Islands in 142 fathoms. 

_comnent , Minates #25, pe 19 * Similar to Ms inquinata, live in muddy 
sande 

Collecting data: Ketchikan and Unilaska, dredged ( Ge Willett);.Craig, 
Alaska ( Willett); Kodiak Island ( Lewis ) ( Willett); Atka Island, Aleutian 
Islands, and Elk River, Oregon( Pleistocene)( Wed. Eyerdam). Eyerdam comma nts 
on this species as follows Although perhaps not a variety of Me brota it 
is not exactly the same as Me inquinata and should be allowed to stand”. 
Macomn sitkana Dall, 1900. “ Kodiak Island to Lituya Bay and Sitka, Alaska® 
( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Sitka Harbor, Alaska. 

* Shell like Macoma calcarea, but more slender, more equilateral, less 
flexuous, with the pallval sinus more regular, oval, and confluent below, 
and with the posterior end somewhat recurves dorsally” ( Dall, 1900). 

Collecting data: Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska, 1932 ( Eyerdam),. 
Macoma calcarea Gmelin, 1792. " Arctic Ocean to North Japan and to Monterey 
Bay, Californias Circumboreal,” ( Dall, 1921 )» Type locality, Iceland or 
Facroes ( Dre Ms Keen). Johnson pines the Atlantic range ® Greonland to 
Long Island Sound 5=40 fms.® 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe 20- * Similar to M. brota but with a chalky 
Shell and with the posterior flexure more pronounced. The species prefers 
deep water, or, at least, is not littoral or estuarine” ( Dall, 1900). 

Collecting data: Wrangel, Alaska in 60 fms. ( G. Willett); Punuk Ide, 
Bering Sea in 15 fms. ( Lewis); Izhut Bay, Afognak Ide, Alaska, 1922 (Eyer= 
-dam) and the following sets in the Eyerdam collection : Godhaven, Greenland 
( Torrell), Luartlek,Headland, Spitzbergen, Koefjord, Swedish West Coast. 
Macoma moesta ( Deshayes), 1854. * Arctic Ocean ,Bering Sen and eastward 
to the Shumagin Islands. Circumboreal.” ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, North~ 
~ern Oceans 

* The species is ohnracterized by its oval compressed form, low poster~ 
~lor beaks, and short, Hardly flexed posterior end® ( Dall in discussion of 
M. krausei Dall, 1900) 

Macoma krausei Dall, 1900 was apparently placed in the synonymy of moesta 
by Dall himself. However, a number of suthors use krauseis Johnson * Moll 
of Atlantic" lists M. krause4 Dall, 1900 from Greenlande 
Macoma nasuta ( Conrad), 1837. * Kodink Island and Cook's Inlet, Alaska , 
south to Scammons Lagoon, Lower California” ( Dall, ,1921). Type locality, 
near San Diego, Calife | 

Comment. Minutes #25, pe 18 * M. nasuta cnn be readily distinguished 
from other west coast Macomas since the pallial sinus in the left valve 
reaches the anterior adductor scare® 

Weymouth states * It is a hardy species, flourishing under conditions 
speedily fatal to many other forms. This is particularly true of brackish 
water which is encountered in small lagoons with little, or only intermitt- 
~ent communication with the oceans, and its8 wide distribution undoubtedly 
depends on this Rardiness. The most favored locality is in fine mud little 
exposed to wave or current and it is regularly found in mud too soft for 
any other speoies® ( Fish and Game Bull. #4, Calif. Fish and Game). 

erin April, 1943, we collected Me nasuta in Newport Bay and observed 
that they lived about six inches benenth the surface of the mud with the 
long axis parallel to the surface of the mud and the umbpnes uppermost. The 


#43= p 12 
animals were arranged around Callianussa burrows, and hence we assumed 
that these specimens extended their siphons into the burrows instead of to 
~the surface of the mud.® ( Min. #25, pe 18). 

Collecting datas One of the most comnon speciea ‘the Length of the coast 
‘in sloughs and also the opean oceans The hathymetric range in our experience 
‘@oes down os deep.as' 25 fmse off. Montorey, Calif. and also off Redondo Beach, 
Calif. ( Burch); Craig and Ketchikan, Alaska ( G. Willett): note on the 
species from Wed. Eyerdam follows ° This is our commonest Macoma on Puget 
Sounds It is apparently uncommon in Alaska as I have only found a few speon 
-imens on Afognak Ide and in Frince William Sound.” 
ees drus ( Hanley.) , 1845 ( Macoma inquinata ( CECE , Bering Strait 

Oo Japan on the west oat to Monterey Bay, California on the east® ( Dall,1921) 
eres iy ‘to Terminal Island, San Pedro Bay, Salif. ( Burch). 

Dre Ae Myra Koen na ieen as follows regarding this species ( Personal 
Comme Dece 1944) ® Salisbury, Proce Malac, Soc, vole 21, 1934, pe 85, points 
_ out that Me irus of Hanley has priority. It was described without locality 
» in 1845 ( Froce Zool. Soc. for 1844, pe 166). Salisbury figures the holotype 
Cpls 22; figs. 7,8), which is at the British Museum, and also the holotype 
of Deshayes ' Me inquinata ( ple 12, figs). Bu original desorsption of Hann= 
-ley's species follows; 

Tellina'irus "™ Tel, testa ovata aut series crassa ( in adultis ), subven= 
-tricosa, subequilaternli, impolita, extus intusque albida, concentrice 
fugulosa; rugis interruptis minimus, confertissimis, subelevatis; margine 
ventrali magis minusve arcuato;'dorsali antice convexo et subdeclivi, postice 
convexiusculo, elongato et declivi; latero antico paululum breviore, rotun- 
~dato; postico inferne angulato; lunula ( in adultis) parva, profunda; lig- 
~amento infosso3 costa umbonali subobsoleta; dentibus satis magnise Long. 
1.10; late 1.40 poll, 

Comment, Min. #25, pe 18 ® Distinguished from Me necutace Inge pallial 
-sinus does not reach the anterior adductor scar in either valve and from M. ¢ 
incongrua by being less inflated. Found usually in soft muddy sand." 

Collecting, data: Kodiak, Dall Id,, Kétenikan, Alaska ( Gs Willett A 
Terminal Island, Los Angeles County, winter cf 1934, washed in alive after 
storm; Morro Bay, Calif. 1936 and also 6/1940, not common; San Francisco 
Bay, San Mateo 1/1938 3; Port Orchard,.Wash. 36/1936 and Alki Point,Seattle, 
Wash. common ( Burch); Akutan Idf ( Norberg) 5. Atka Id, ( Wed. Eyerdam, 192 ) 

Mr. Kyerdam obviously considers irus and inquinata two species and 
makes this comment on irus ® This scems to be an overgrown thick~shelled 
variety of Macoma inquinata.® Eyerdam also maxes’ the following collecting 
notes for M. inquinata ™ Not uncommon in Puget Sound; also collected by 
Eyerdam in Aleska at the following places, Izhut Bay, Afognak Id., Mitro~ 
‘-fania Id.,Knight Ids, and Unalaska Id. Often together with Macoma incongrua 
Macoma nasuta, Saxidomus giganteus. and Protothaca stamineae” 

-Macoma: inquinata arnheim:. Dall, 1916, .* Kodiak Idiand, Alaska and south to 
San Francisco™ ( Dall,:921). Type locality, Kodiak: Island, Alaskae 

Dall, 1900, deaerthed this ns a variety ® Shell resembling the typical 
Gi neal but hontou and relatively more plump «se® 

In Minutes #25, p. 19 the authors expressed the opinion that this species 
seems to be identical with M. incongrua ( von Martens). 

However, we have the following note from Mr. Wed. Eyerdam Tone with 
collecting localities * My specimens which were identified by the U.S. Nat~- 
-ional Museum do not resemble M. incongrua as has been suggested but are 
much closer to typical Me inquinata. Perhaps the southern shells are differ 
“ent or there has been a mistake in determinations®"= Eyerdam reports it 
from: Afognak Ide and Raspberry Ide , in Kodiak Idse and Evand Id. and 
Knight’ Id., in ‘Prince William Sound, Alaska‘ and Akutan Id.’ collected by 
Ie Norberg. 


#43~ p 13 
Macoma inconspicua ( Broderip ond Sowerby), 1829. Arctic Ocean to San 
Diegoe Dall in Bulletin 112 listed our west coast species as M. balthica 
Linnaeus ,1758. A number of Inter authors have considered inconspicua a 
subspecies of balthicas We are of the opinion that inconspicua is a good 
valid distinct Species, Dre Ae Myra Keen advises on this as follows ( Pers« 
~onal Comme Dec. 1944) ® Macoma inconspicun ( Brody and Sby., 1829), descr~ 
-ibed as Tellina, was figured by Gray In Zool. Beechey's Voyage, ple 41, 
fig.e6. The originnldescription: * T. testa obovatna, sublenticulari,antice 
breviore; ligamento magno,dentibus cardinalibus parvis,lateralibus nullis; 
longe 19/20, lots 4/108 alts 15/20 poll. Habe in Oceano Arcticos 

From Icy Capee It bears » general resemblance to Tellina solidula, but 
it has not the acuminated posterior extremity of that species. A thin corn~ 
~“eous epidermis is observable on the lower edges, but the umbones are eroded, 
and 4 great part of the surface has a chalky appearance. The remains of the 
dried animal were still within the shells from which this description was 
made. We have only seen two specimens, one of which is cdtourless, the otler 
has a flesh=coloured surface with darker umbones." 

In shape and texture it seems to differ enough from Ms balthica to 
warrnnt specific differentiations. In fnct, I am puzzled as to why the iden- 
“tadfication as balthica was ever made for our west coast form.” 

The above statements by Dre Keen check exactly with the opinions of 
other members reporting the speciese In the discussion John Q. Burch made 
the following note which was generally accepted * An examination of the s sts 
in our collection indicate that the Pacific specimens are quite different 
from the Atlantic shells. Johnson ™ Moll. of Atl. Coast” gives the range of 
balthica " Arctic Ocean southward in deep water to Georgia". It is apparently 
rather common over there since we have at least 8 or 9 sets from Maryland 
north to Cape Code None could possibly be confused with our specimens from 
Puget Sound, ® 

Vollecting datas: Ketchikan,Craig, Dall Ide, Alaska ( Ge Willett); Alki 
Pte, Seattle, Washe, Puget Sound, Auge 1936, also Raymond, Washe and other 
Ingoons along the Washington const and along tho Oregon cofst in bays (Burch)3 
Drier Bay, Knight Island, Alaska 1923s. dredged in mud ( W.J. Eyerdam). Mr . 
Eyerdam attached a note to this report as follows ® This variety is quite 
different from any of the shells in the more thtn 20 lots of typical Macoma 
balthica in my collection and enn easily pass for a distinct species. 
Eyerdam also sent in an interesting report on a Macoma balthica var fragilis 
Dall which was collected at Izhut Bay, Afignak Island, Alaska and identified 
by Dre Dally in 1922. Eyerdam comments on this * As this collection closely 
resembles some of the more typical M. balthica it is possible that Dall 
intended the Pacific form as a variety of the European species. I doubt 
whether there is enough difference to make ours a variety". 

So the question remains of the possibility of not one but two or more 
species being involved here. 


Macoma inflatula Dall ,18974 In synonymy of M. carlottensis which sede 


Macoma leptonidea Dall, 1895. " Santa Barbara Channel. Also Texas coaste 
( Dall, GPA locality, Matagordo Bay, Texas. 

* Santa Barbara channel, California, in 314 to 322 fathoms. Also at 
Matagordo Bay, Texas. This very distinct species occurs in shallow water 
on the Texas coast and in very deep water on the coast off Californias It 
probably antedates the separation of the two oceans,” ( Dall, 1900). 

This is an interesting situation at least. There is no record of the 
species ever being taken since the description. The species was described 
in Nautilus IX, July, 1895, pe 33 and later figured in 1900, Proce UeS NeM 
Vole 23. ( next) 


#4s—~ p 14 
The original description of this species is enstly available in Old~ 
-royd and the only additional comment by Dre Dall at the time follows: 
® This little shell looks curiously like a Leptone Its outline though larger 
differs little from that of Lepton longipes Stm.” 
Macoma oneilli Dall, 1919. ® Dolphin and Union Straits, Arctic Coast®( Dall). 
We mention this species besause Dre Dall listed. it in Bulletin 112. 
However, it has’ been generally omitted from west c ast faunal lists. Dro A. 
Myra Keen advises as follows ( Pery Comm, Decs 1984) * I omitted Macoma 
oneilli because the type locality is so far east of Icy Cape, Alaska, that 
{t seemed unlikely the species is part of our fauna®, And George Willett 
comments * ‘Not known from west’ coast*®, We will, therefore follow this plm. 
Macoma kelseyi Dall, 1900, * Living in Puget Sound® ( Oldroyd) extended to 
Coos Bay, Oregon ( Keen). Described from the Pleistocene of San Diego, and 
so listed in Bulletin 112 by Dall. Dr. A. Myra Keen advises on this specics 
( Pers Comme Dece 1984) * Macoma kolseyi was collected in Puget Sound by 
the Oldroyds. Recently a Stanford student, Maxwell 8, Doty, showed mo a 
valve of what I identify as Me kelseyi from Coos Bay; the preservation of 
the specimen suggested that it might be sub-fossil, but fossil or living, 
_ this constitutes a new record for the species." 
Grant. and Gale make it a subspecies of nasuta calling it Macoma nasuta 
kelseyi Dall. Dall, 1900, following the description stated * closely related 
o Me nasuta Conrad from which it differs as follows: it is larger heavier, 
and flatter than any specimens of M. nasuta yet recordede.® 
Macoma quadrana Dall, 1916, ® Boca de Quadra, Alaska,a nd south to Coronado 
Islands, Lower California® ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Point Conception, 
Calif. in 284 fathoms. 
Comment, Minutes #25, pe2l * After examining topotypes of Macoma plan- 
~iuscula Grant end Gale, 1931, Mr. George Willett believes that what we have 
been calling Me planiuscula is really M. quadrana Dall, 1916, 
Collecting data; Dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 75 fms. mud bottom 
( Burch); Ketchikan and Craig, Alaska, 25-50 fms. ( G. Willett); Victoria, 
B.C. in 5 fmse ( Lewis); Olga, Washe ( Engberg); Skidegate, Queen Charlotte 
Islands ( Eyerdam)., 
Macoma planiuscula Grant end Galo, 1931. ( Catalogue Marine Pliocene and 

leistocone Mollusca of California, Mem. San Diego Soc, Nat. Hist. volel, 
pe 372, ple 14, figss lla & 1lb, pl.20, figs. 8a & 8b). Ranges Arctic 
Ocean to Puget Sound. ( Dall, 1921 as carlottensis). Type locality, Nunivak 
Island, Alaska, Recents 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe 21 " See comment under M. quadranae This species 
probably does not ocour in California, According to Grant and Gale, Dall 
confused Me carlottensis with an undescribed species which they named M. — 
pianiuscula. Therefore, allreferences by Dall to Me carlottensis are in 


reality to M. planiuscula,® 
‘Mr. George Willett makes the following comment here " I doubt a1] records 


except Nunivak Islande® 

Macoma carlottensis ( Whiteaves), 1880. ® Arctic Ocean and south to Balleas 
Lagoon, Lower Calif.® ( Dall, 1921 for M. inflatula). Type locality, Virago 
Sound, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia. 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe. 21 " Since Dall confused Ms carlottensis with 
what is now M. planiuscula he redescribed Me carlottensis as Ms inflatula. 
Therefore, Me inflatula is synonymous with M, carlottcensise This is an in= 
-flated subtriangular form which is distinct from all other west coast 
Macomas. 

Collecting datas Dredged commgn off Redondo Beach, Calif. 1958-41 in 
50-75 fmse mud bottom ( Burch); Ketchiken, Craig, Dall Ide, Alaska ( Willett); 
in 30850 fmse; Wictoria, B.C, in 5 fmse ( Lewis); Akutan Ide, Aleutians (Nor 
=berg) ( Byerdam). ae et 


#A3= p 15 

Macoma liotricha Dall, 1897. °% Aleutian Islands and eastward to the Shuma~ 
=gin Islands, Riaskn, © ( Dall). Type locality: Dre /e Myra Keen advises * 
The type locality of Me liotricha is jtkn Island, Aleutians according to the 
holotype lnbel®, , 

A thin oval shell, with glossy yellow periostracum™ ( Dall, 1900). 
Macoma oxpnngs Carpenter, 1864. * Puget Sound to La Jolla, Calif.® ( Dall). 
Type locality, Puget Sound. 

* This must be regarded as a doubtful species. The two specimens upon 
which it was founded belong to different species and neither agrees with 
Carpenter's diagnosis. A large broken valve with the teeth wanting probably 
belongs to the preceding species. The originally more perfect pair has als 
met with necidents, 1nd is really too young for satisfactory determinations 
Specimens from Bnulinas Bay, California, collected by Stearns, which have 
been associated with the specimens named by Carpenter, may belong to a valif 
species which will carry the namee*® ( Dnl1,1900). 

Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter, 1864. * Fuca Strait to San Diego, Calif.” (Dall) 
Type locality, Neah Bay, Washingtone 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe 22 “ .. oannot be confused with any other 
species, They are found otcasionally in our bays, but live in shallow water 
along the coast.e® ® A very uniform, brilliantly polished spocies® (Dall). 

Collecting data: Santa Monica, Calif. 5 fmse 12/1935; Anaheim Bay(dead), 
3/1936; Morro Bay, 2/1937 by shore sercening; Monterey, Calif. 8/1937 in 10 
fms. and 25 fms. and 8/1940 in 25 fmse shale and mud; Redondo Beach, Calif . 
1937~41 in 15-25 fms. gravel and sand, common, ( Burch)j Dall Island, Alaska 
in 15 fms. ( Gs Willett) washed in on Terminal Island, 1918 ( Chace); Van= 
-couver, B.C., sandy beach,1931 ( W.J. Eyerdam)sMission Bay( WeK. Emerson) 
Macoma truncaria Dall, 1916. * Island near Cape Halkett, Arctic Ocean” ( Dall) 

This species is mentioned here beeause Dall listed it in Bulletin 112. 
However, it has never been reported from the west coast and is apparently 
of the Arctic fauna and should be omitted from west coast faunal lists. ; 
Mecoma alaskana Dall, 1900. ® Lituya Bay to Gulf of Georgia® (Dall, 1921). 
Type locality, Lituya Bay, Alaska. 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe22 % This species looks oxternally like an 
Angulus ( subgenus of Tellina) but has the hinge of a Macomas Lives on sandy 

ottom, coarse, perhaps with rocks", ° 

Collecting datas: Forrester Island, Alaska in 50 fms&e, Ketchikan, Alaska 
and Craig, Alaska in 20-30 fmse ( G. Willett); Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, 
Alaska, 1922 ( Weds Byerdam) ( * apparently a very rare shell”). 


Subgenus Rexithaorus Conrad, 1869. Type ( by subsequent designation, Dall, 
1900), Macoma secta Conrade 

“ Shell Inrge, inequivalve, with a smooth surface, a large and strong 
deep~set ligament, behind which the dorsal margin is conspicuously produced 
upward® ( Dall, 1900). 

Macoma ( Rexithaerus) indentata Carpenter, 1864. " Puget Sound to Lower Calif." 
(Dall,1921). Type locality, San Pedro, Calif. 

Comment, Minutes #25, pe 23 ° Like a young Me secta but beaked, indm ted 
and ventrally produced ( Carpenter). As very large Me secta have a slight 
indentation, one might confuse this species with Me indentata, If specimens 
the same size are compared, however, the difference is apparente A small 
Me secta is very much rounder and does not have any trace of the indentation 
that the very large specimens shows This species usually lives buried in 
sandy mud or sand in bays but is found in deeper watere™ 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach in 25 fms. gravel 193841, Playa del 
Rey lagoon 12/1936; Morro Bay, Calif. 1/1937; very common; Burf, Calife 
common on beach; off Montorey, Calif. 8/1940 in 20 fms» on shale; Estero de 
Punta Banda, Mexico 11/1937 ( Burch ). 


#43< p 16 
Macoma ( Rexithaerus) indentata tenuirostris Dall, 1900. * San Pedro and 
Santa Barbara lelands to San Diego( Kelsey) ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, 
San Pedro, Calif. 

"Differs from Me indentata in Borne more elongated, with a shorter 
and more pointed end and a deeper flexure® ( Dall, 1900). : 

Mr. George Willett comments on this as follows * I doubt this as a 
race; individual or sexual variant?® ; 

Collecting datas Dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif. 8/1939 in 25 fmbe 
gravel, in 50-75 fms. muda nd gravel 7/1938, also taken washed in on 
Terminal Island ( Burch). 

Macoma ( Rexithaerus) secta ( Conrad), 1869, “ Vancouver Island and south 
to the Gulf of California® ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, San Diogo, Japan? 
Dall, 

Comment, Minutes #25, De 23 “We have never found Specimensas large as 
those which wash up on the beach between Seal Beach and Huntington Beach, 
These large specimens probably live near the outer edge of the surf on the 
surface of the sand. Specimens from Seattlo sent us by Eyerdam have the left 
convex valve badly eroded. This valve looks more like a part of the shell 
substance has been dissolved, then eroded by sand. If this is true it would 
4ndicate that the left side is up and the flat right side is kept down.® 

All collectors observe the great difference between specimens of this 
species taken from the sloughs or bays and thoso fromthe open sea, This bay 
race has been thought by some to be worthy of a subspecific name. However, 
they are obyiously the same species and the differences in all probability 
merely caused by the habitat. Mr. A.M, Strong advises on this point ( Pere 
Comme Dec, 1944) ® The typical variety if the large shell washed in on the 
sand beaches, Dall identified a smaller shell from the Mugu lagoon as a yare 
-lotye He stated that the typical variety lives in the open sea and in gene 
~eral is more northern in its distribution. The small variety is more south= 
“orn in its distribution and is usually found in more protected waters such 
as bays®, . 

In the discussion of this species John Q, Burch made the following note 
“Dr. Dall placed the Japan? in the range of this species. We have a set 
from the Frederick Stearns collection of Japanese Shells labelled Sakai,In= 
-land Sea, Japan. This set was sent us by Dr» Wed» Clench. It is obvious 
though that these shells are of a quite different species than anything 
found in local waters. If this is the species on which the Japan record was 
based, then we can erase the Japangse connection with this speciese® But it 
seems that Dr. Ae Myra Keen had commented on the same matter before * The 
species of Macoma from Japan identified as secta is clearly distinct and 
Should be named as new by some enterprising person, as I pointed out in a 
paper published in 1940.” . 

Collecting data; Our cxperience has been to find this too oommon a 
species to record in all bays and on all beaches from Morro to Ensenada,Mexe 
The bathymetric range in our experience takes it downas deep as 25 fms, off 
Redondo Beach ( Burch); Tacoma, Washe ( Ge. Willett); many localities on 
Puget Sound where it is often quite common on sandy mud beaches at low tide 
( WoJ, Eyerdam). 


Family SEMBELIDAE 
Genus Semele Schumacher, 1817. Type ( by manotypy), Tellina reticulata Span-~ 
~gler == Tellina profioua Pultenoys : ace 

“Shell rounded, Subequilateral, beaks turned forward; posterior side 
slightly folded; hinge tecth 2.2, laterals elongated, distinct in the right 
valve; external ligament short, cartilage internal, long, oblique; pallial 
sinus deep, dounded® ( Tryon. 8.S. Conche) 


H#A3— p 17 
Semele decisa ( Conrad), 1837, ” San Pedro, Calif. to San Martin Island, 
Lower Calife ( Baker), Point Abrejos, Lower Calif. ( Hemphill collection at 
Stanford). Type locality, San Diego, Calif. . 

Collecting datas In our experiences the habitat of this species is in 
rocky rubble. We have taken it in abundsnce from the rubble reef off San 
‘Onofre, Calife, La Jolla, Calif. to Punta Banda, Lower Calif. in about the 
same type of shore ( Burch); San Pedro, Calif. and Newport Bay ( Willett); 
Newport Bay, Calif. and young at Point Vicente ( Chace) éMission Bay(Emersm ) 
‘Semele flavescens Gould, 1851. Boston Soc, Nate. Hist., 4:592 
™San Pedro, Oalife ( in Oldroyd collection at Stanford University), to 
Callao, Peru ( Jordan); Soammons Lagoon, Lower Calife, Mexico ( in Hemphill 
colleetion at Stanford University) * a Grant ond Gale, 1931). Type locality, 
San Diego, Oalif. 

We have this species from numeroud localities in Lower California, Sen 
Felipe, Magdalena Bay etc. but have never seen 4 local specimene It is, of 
course, possible that it might have been overlooked thinking it a juvenile 
decisa. Nevertheless we kept on the alert for it over n period of years, 
Thore scems to be no question about the fact thnt it has been tnken on the 
California const but it must be exceedingly rare here at the northern end 
of its range. 

Semele striosa C.Bs Adams, 1852. ® Catalina Island, California to Panama® 
T Dall, 1921). Type locnlity, Panama. 

Goliedt ine data: Our cexperienee has been to take one specimen of this 
species at Punta Banda across the bay from Ensenrda, Mexico 12/1937. There 
is, therefore, no reason not to expect it occnsionally as far north as 
Catalina Island ( Burch). 

Semele rupicoln Dall, 1915. * Santa Cruz, Californie to Gulf of California" 
( Dail). Type lo Seeley. Santa Cruz, Calif. 

Dr. Dall stated ® This is Semele rupium of California authors, folla-~= 
-ing Carpenter; not Sowerby, 1832". Some Are still disposed to gave this 
species Sowerby's name. Dr. A. Myra Keon advises on the matter » Type locality 
of Semele rupium not given in originnl;holotype not as yet selocted.® 

Collecting data: Our oxperience has been to find this species in Chama 
beds, Mytilus beds, and in rock crevices, especially worm tube covered rocks 
providing protected holes. Laguna Bench, common nt La Jolla, Calif., San 
Onofre, and rather common below Ensenade, Mexe ( Burch). 

Semele rubropicta Dall, 1871. *® Forrdster Island, Alaska to Tia Juana, Mex * 
C Dall, I921). Type locality, Bench nt Soquel, Monterey Bay, Calif. 

This Tia Juana locnlity mst refer to the benches below Tia Juana 
because the city of Tia Juana proper is quite a drive inland. 

There has been a great deal of discussion about whether or not this 
species represents one species, several species or several subspecies. Mr. 
A.M. Strong mentioned that at one time severnl years ago Dre G.D. Hanna 
made a study of the variations of this speciess A number of us have some 
puzzles indicating that . carcful study of this species should be made i 
some competent studente 

Collecting datas: Our experience has been to find this a fairly eeu 
water species. We have dredged it in great numbers off Redondo Beach from 
25 fathoms to below 50 fathoms and never in shallow water. Our. shallowest 
record §8r it is in 20 fathoms off Monterey, Calif. ( Burch) Forrester 
Islandand Craig, Alaska in 25 fmse; San Pedro in 20 fms. ( G. Willett). 
Semele pacifica Dall, 1915, * Catalina Island, California to Acapulco*(Dall). 
Dre A. Myra Keen Bienes ’ Type locality of S. fe preifion is: UsSsBeFe Stas 
2022, off La Paz, in 21 fms.® a aa 

There is rather a poor figure of this species given in piaeyne We have = 
never seen a specimen said to have been taken off Californiae Mr. George 
Willett reports taking it in 20 fms, in Sta. Maria Bay, Lower Califs Pilsbry 
and Lowe list it from Guaymas and San Juan del Sure It must be a rare specicSe 


#43~ p 18 

Semele californica fe Adams, 1854. Proce Zo%le Soce London for 1853(1854), 
pe 96. This species is not listed in Bulletin 112 not has it been reported 
by any member of the club. However, it is mentioned in " West Coast Shells ® 
by Keep and Baily, 1935 with the note * occasionally found near San Diego 
though their true home is in Mexican waters*, The original description is 
not to be found in Oldroyd and therefore we are glad to have it as sent by 
Dr. Ae Myra Keenas follows; 
®" se testa oblongo-ovali,subaequilaterali, sordide pallide fusca, radiatum 
striata; transversim sulcata, liris elovatis, subcorrugatis, ornata, inter~ 
-stitiis creberrime longiduginaliter striatis;latere rotundato, postico 
subtruncato, valde flecuoso; intus lutescente, margine luteo. Hab. Gulf of 
California® 
Semele incongrua Carpenter, 1864. * Monterey, Calif. to the Coronado Islands” 
( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Santa Barbara Islands ( not Santa Barbara as 
given in Oldroyd) according to Dre A, Myra Keene 

Collecting data; Our experience has been to find this species a dredged 
form but in somewhat shallower water than we found rubropicta and more often 
on sand bottom whereas rubropicta came up with gravel and rocks. 

We have dredged it off Monterey in 2Q fathoms on shale, off Avalon, 
Catalina Island in 25 fms., off Malaga Cove, Los Angeles Coe in 15 fms,, 
off Redondo Beach, Calif. common in 15 to 25 fms, on sand bottom, We have 
sets from off South Coronado Island in 7-10 fms, collected by Dr. Fred Baker, 
This gives us sets from both extreme ends of the recorded range and they do 
seem to be a bit different, Arnold described a subspecies montereyi in 1903, 
Dall reported this living at Monterey and Arnold so reported it, Grant and 
Gale, 1931, claim that it is in the synonymy of the typical Recent although 
listing it fossil. I am disposed to think that the first guess was correct 
and that the Monterey shellsare sufficiently different from the more south~ 
~ern forms to warrant the subspecifiic name which follows. ( Burch). 
Semele incongrua montereyi Arnold, 1903. Meme Calif, Acade Scie Voled, Pe 
166, ple 15, figs. 5,68 ( not 4,4a as labelled,l9A3. This was described by 
Arnold as a variety of S. pulchrag but the figure indicates incongrua. 
" Shell small, oval, ventricose, thin; beaks quite posterior to middle of 
shell; anterior dorsal margin long, nearly straight; anterior extremity 
evenly curved; posterior end much shorter than anterior, evenly rounded; 
fold obsolete; cartilage=process deep, oblique; one prominent cardinal tooth 
in each valve; lateral tecth distinct; pallial sinus very large, rounded, 
expanded interiorly. Longs 23 mm; alt. 17.5 mme; diame 11.5mm*,. 

Collecting data: " I have montereyi fossil, San Pedro but not recent” 
( Ge Willett); off Monterey in 26 fmse ? ( Burch). 
Semele pulchra Sowerby, 1832. " Monterey, California to Ecuador” ( Dall,1921). 
Type locality on advice of Dre A. Myra Keen "°,. was origgnally given as 
Sinu Caraccensis; in modern geographical terminology it is Bahia de Caraques, 
Ecuador, ® 

Collecting datas: We have taken this species in a variety of different 
habitats. In the lagoon as Point Mugu, Ventura Co, it was not uncommon while 
sifting the sand about 6 inches deep in connection with large numbers of 
Cryptomya californica 6/1935, and in about the same habitat in upper Newpat 
Baye We have also taken it from Bird Rock, San Diego county which is rocky 
and on the open coast. ( Burch) 


Genus Cumingia Sowerby, 1833. Type ( by subsequent designation Gray, 1847), 
Cumingia lamellosa Sowerbye 

"Shell transversely oval, equivalve, rounded in front, subrostrated and 
slightly gaping behind, small, thin, often irregular in form; hinge with a 
spoon shaped cartilage pit, and a small anterior cardinal tooth in each valve; 


#43- p19 
two elongate lateral teeth in the rivht valve, less developed in the left} 
beaks small; surface concentrically ridged; pallial sinus very wide. living 
in sponges, sand, and in the fissures of rocks® ( Tryon SS. Conche) 


Cumingia cnlifornien Conrad, 1837. ( Cumingin lamellosa of authors not of 
Sowerby) Joure acade Nate Scie Philne, vole7, pe 254, ple 17, figel2. 

" Shell triangular, convex, thick, with numerous irrepular lamellar 
concentric striae; postcrior side compressed, cuneiform; beaks central, rath= 
-er prominent; lateral teeth prominent. Length, one inch and one fourthe® 
Type locality, Snntn Barbara, Calif. 

The range of this species is subject to rrent question due to confusion © 
of identificntions. Dre A. Myrna Keen in ™ abrideed Check List" gives 23-41 
which would be from Cape Snn Lucas to Mendocino Coe, Calif. However, we have 
the following adviee on this species from Mr. A.M. Strong ( Pere Comme Dec. 
1944) ® There seems to be three species which Dall lumped under the name 
Cumingia lamellosa Sowerby as the sculpture and habitat seems to be the 
samee Our Shell should be enlled Ce onlifornica Conrad. It is much the ler 
-gest of the three and more elongate when not distorted. C. lamellosa is 
known to range from Pannma southe It is only about a quarter the size of 
our shell and more triangular but not as triangular as triangularis which 
seems to have a middle rangee Due to the mix up in the use of the names 
nothing is known about the limits of the ranges of the threes" 

Collecting, data; This species is a nestler taken in rock crevicese 
Abundant in many wharf piles. We have collected it at many localities in r 
rocky rubble, Monterey, San Simeon, Cauyocos, Palos Verdes, San Pedro, Lag- 
-una Beach, south to Punta Banda, Lower Californias It was not uncommon in 
dredgings from as deepas 20 fathoms in the shole off Monterey and in the 
gravel at 265 fathoms off Redondo Beach ( Burch) 


SZ oS 
/ \ 
\ ( \ cea ( : \ 
ra i) 
: es 
~ va, 
(ae 7, 
\ Sa Ve 
ae Lee 
, 
CAN NES aS, 
\ aM 
Nene ey 4 } 
AOS a Tiss Ups - 
—— Si, 
SS ee 
\ Se 4 
eb ss ue 


Semele Cumingia 


# 43= p 20 

Family DONACIDAE 
Genus Donax Linnaeus, 1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Anton, 1839), 
Donax Trugosus Linnaeus ( on advice of Dre A. Myra Keen, Grant and Gale 
cite designations of Herrmannsen, 1847 and Gray 1847). 
® Shell trigonal, wedge-like, closed; front produced, rounded} postentce 
side short, straight; margins usually crenulateds; hingo teeth 2.2; laterals 
1=1 in each valvo; ligament oxternal, Promnen uss pallial sinus deep, hori- 
~zontak® ( Tryon 8.8. Conche). 

Santa Aer seanceins 
Donax californica Conrad, 1837. -* b - ) to Panama 
(T Dall). Maxwell Smith in ® Panamic Marine Shells® 1944 gives the range 
of californioa south to Ecuador, but he pleces under it such forms as culter 
Hanley, end if my specimens are correctly identified culter is certainly _ 
another species.( Birch). Type locality, ncar Santa Barbara, Calif. 

Collecting datas: In our experionco this species is a bay form. We have 
taken it in Alamitos Bay, Anaheim Bay just inside the entrance at Anaheim 
Landing, in upper Newport Bay, Mission Bay, and very common in the Estero 
below Ensenada, Mexico, We have never dredged it nor taken it from the opm 
coast. ( Burch). 

Donax gouldii Dall, 1919. ( Donax obesus Gould, Donax laevigatus Deshayes). 
¥San Iuis Obispo ( Keen) to Acapulco, Mexico ( Dall). Type looality, San 
Diego, Calif. : 

Collecting datas Our experience has been to find this a very abundant 
species with a preferred habitat on sandy beached along the open seas Beds 
of them are common all around Santa Monica Bay including Redondo Beaches 
Nearly all sandy beaches from Long Beach to Ensenada, Mexico have colonies 
of this species. While it is a shallow water or littoral species we have 
brought it up with dredgings off Redondo Beach down to perhaps 15 fathoms» 
It. was at one time of commercial importance below Long Beach being collected 
in quantities to make chowder, 


Our Common Wedge Shell By Dre W.O, Gregg 

* As pointed out by Strong ( Nautilus 37(3):81 and also by Grant and 
Gale ( pe 38f}) it was first named and described by Gould as obesa(1851). 
The name was preoccupied by De obesa da’ Orbigny, 1846. Then came De laevigata 
Deshayes, 1854, which was preoccupied by D. laevigata Gmelin, 1791. Since 
neither of the above names could be vee Dall uses the name Donax gouldii 
and refers in Bulletin 112 to Gould's description and figure of obesa,. in 
the case of a preoccupied name the mere reference to the original desorip- 
=tion in connection with a proposed new name is sufficient to validate the 
new name. However, in Bulletin 112, p49, the name Sen 7 is not designated 
as a new name but listed thus- Donax gouldii Dall, ndicating that 
the name had been published in a 191 ae article. Did such article ever appear 
or is the use of that date an %error® or just plain incorrect usage ? I 
have searched in vain to find any reference to the 1919 article. In connec~ 
-tion with Dall's name, gouldii, Grant and Gale refer only to Bulletin 112, 
which would indicate that that was the first publication in which it had 
appearede If any one knows of the 1919 reference he should not keep it a 
secret. Oldroyd gives Gould's original description and figures Gould's 
types. These clearly indicate that the shell which Gould described was the 
short obese form which almost entirely lacks the colored rays» This form 
{4s also illustrated in Johnsonand Snook, pe 452, fige 451. This typical 
form of D. gouldii appears in the collections of certain southern Calif~ 
-ornia collections under the name D. conradi, a much different shell which 
does not occur in our waters. There is a much more common form which is 
more elongate, less obese, and conspicuously marked by colored rays.» We have 
been applying the name gouldii to this common form, Is this merely-a differ-~ 


#43— p 21 
~ent form which is influenced by a somewhat different ecology as is known 
to occur in the ease of certain fresh-water bivalves suchas Gonidia angul= 
-ata, or is this common form 1 distinet entity? The short obese form ts 
of a more southern distribution. I have matorial from San Diego and Todos 
Santos Bay. I also have from both localities sets of the more common forme 
It would appear that all the more northern records of D. gouldii are based 
on the common form rather than on typical gouldii » Both forms occur in 
pure colonies. ” ; 

Editors Notes: The two forms discussed by Dre Gregg are 80 obvious that the 
beginner usually insbhsts that he has two different species. It is my opin~ 
~ion that one of them should bear at least a subspecific names 


Donax punctatostriata Hanley, 1843. While this species is listed in Bulletin 
112 by Dall as ranging from San Pedro south to Peru, it is certainly of 
the southern fauna and not of that of Californias We shall, therefore, omit 
it from our California lists, 
Donax conradi Deshayes, 1854, ° Ban Diego, California to Central America® 
( Dall). Type looality, Gulf of California. 

* Shell large, radially striate, somewhat like that of De punctatostr- 
-iatas Hanley, but more elongates Length 27 mms, height 17 mm.™ 

Several of our members have sets labelled with this specific name from 
Mission Bay and also from the Estero below Ensenada. However, those I have 
seen are obviously nothing like the above descriptions. It is our opinion 
that this species is another of the southern faunae We shall omit it from 
our California lists. 

We note a parapraph from Dr. A. Myra Keen ( Pere Comme Dece 1944) + 
* Donax conradi was first published by Reeve in Sept, 1854; Deshayes des-= 
-cription did not appear until the following year. Our only specimens are 
from the Gulf of California". Mr. A.M. Strong advises * D, punctatostriata 
and De conradi. almost certainly do not belong in our fauna”. 


Family Garidae ( Psammobiidae, Sanguinolariidae) 

Genus Gari Schumacher, 1817 ( Psammobia Lamarck, 1818) Type ( by absolute 
tautonymy), Gari vulgaris Schumacher -~ Tellina gari Spengler -= ” Psammobia® 
cacrulescens Lamarck fife Grant and Gale, 19dle = 

"Shell elongate ovate, generally rather thin, equivalve; hinge with one or 
two bifid teeth in each valve, part or all of one or more teeth sometimes 
being obsolete or much reduced; pallial sinus large; sculpture absent or of 
moderate strength, radial or concentric". 

Subgenus Gobraeus Leach,1862. Type Ge variabilis Leach -- Solen vespertinus 
Gmelin. an 

* This group has no circumscription of the dorsal areas,and differs from 
Psammobia most obviously in its blunt and inflated form, with a distinct 
posterior gape*® ( Dall, 19@0). 


Gari ( Gobraeus) regularis(Carpenter), 1864, “ San Diego, Calif, to Cape 
San Lucas” ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Cape San Lucas. 

This seems to be a good species but must be exceedingly raree It has 
never been reported by any member of the clubs 
Gari ( Gobraeus) californica ( Conrad), 1848. * Japan, Kamtchatka, the 
Afeutian-Islands and south to San Diego, Calif. " ( Dall, 1921 )» Type loo» 
eality, Californine 

Collecting data: Our experience has been to find this a comparatively 
rare species. We hare dredged it off Monterey in 20 fms. on the shale and 
also taken it from the Redomdo Beach dredgings 8 deep as the 25 fathom 
gravel. Probably the best locality we know,of to collect this species is 
the stretch of beach betweem Sea Beach and Huntington Beaches There is an off 
shore reef along there and after storms it is possible to pick up great 


#43— p 22 

numbers of Gari californica, many of them perfect with the animals still 
alive, Theyare usually essociated in this case with great numbers of sev= 
~eral other species such as Amiantis cxllosa, Maicoma secta, Saxidomus nutt- 
“alli, Mactra hemphilli etc. We have heard of members taking the species 

in ara bays but have never been fortunate enough to take such a specimen 

in southern California® ( Burch): Sitka and Craig, Alaska ( George Willett) 
Gari ( Gobraeus) edentuia ( Gabb), 1669, " San Pedro and Catalina Island, 

to San Diego™ ( Dail, 1921). Type locality, Pliocene of San Fernando,Calif. .» 

Collecting data: We have dredged this species off Redondo Beach,Calif 

always in comparatively shallow water, perhaps 15 fathoms, It has never been 
common in the dredgings although large dead valves often came up showing 
that the species was there but probably below our dredge cut, We have a finne 
pair or two taken by Mrs. WeH. Eshnaur on Terminal Island after the blows 
but collected some 30 years ago( Burch) 


Genvs Sanguinolaria Lamarck, 1799. Type ( by monotypy), Solen so oeuinollets 
etus Gmelin, 
Sanguinolaria SeS- * Shell moderately large, thin, equivalve, short, rosew 
-colored or white, with short, inconspicuous nymphs, two bifid cardinal teeth 
in each valve; pallial sinus eos widest in front, confluent with the pall- 
-inl line below, the epidermis thin,dehiscent" ( Dall, 1900), 
Subgenus Nuttallia Dall, 1898, Type, S. nuttallii Gonred 

* Shell large, suborbicular, inequivalve, more or less twisted, the 
right valve slightly flatter, the posterior cardinal in the left valve 
obsolete; the pallial sinus narrower in front and SOuen Hat detached from the 
pallial line® ( Dall, 1900). 


nguinolaria ( Nuttallia) nuttalldii Conrad, 1837. % San Pedro to Magdal~ 
~ena Bay, Lower Calif.” ( Dall, 1921). Dr. As Myra Keen lists it from 
Monterey, Calif, collected by ieereneie Gordon and also MacGinitie.Type loc= 
“ality, near San Diego, Calif. 

Collecting data: While it is true that valves of this species wash in 
on the beaches occasionally fromthe open sea, our experience has been to 
find the speeies estuarine. We have spaded them up by the hundreds in such 
localities as the lagoon at Mugu, Ventura Co. , Anaheim Bay etc. We found 
the spesies as a rule about 6 to 8 inches below the surface of the sand, 

( Burch). 


Genus Heterodonax Morch, 1853. Type, Teliina bimaculata Linnaeus, 1758, 

* Shell rounded=triangular, smooth, rather solid; two lateral teeth in 
each valve” ( Tryon S.S. Conche). 

Heterodonax bimaculata Linnagus, 1758. “ Monterey, California to Panama. 
Also Atlantic™ ( Dall, 1921). Johnson gives the Atlantic range " Florida 
to Brazil’, 

Collecting data; Our experience has been to find this species a bay 
form and always at the very highest portion of a sandy shore very close to 
the high tide line. In such localities as the lagoon at Mugu, Ventura Coe, 
this species may be taken by the, thousands within few inches of the surfaee 
marking a definite stratum nlong the edge of the Ingoon. A few feet, perhaps 
8 or 1, nearer the water, below the stratum of the Heterodonax one comes 
to another strip in which oy Pome peateceke is almost as common, ce 


es ee ee —_——. 


is another bay in which eae species seems to thrive under about the same 
conditions. We have sets from the West Indies and are unable to see the 
slightest difference bwtween theme ( Burch). | 


#43= p 23 
Genus Tagelus Gray, 1847. Type ( by originol designation), Solen guinensis 
Graye * Beaks median or subposterior; teeth two in each valve, simple, 
pedunculates; valves without constriction or clavicle, straight; pallial 
sinus deep, reaohing to or beyond the benks$ posterior adductor scar roun= 
-ded 3 pallial sinus with the ventral part partially coalescent with the 
pallial line; situs estuarine or marine” ( Dall, 1900). 


Tagelus californianus ( Conrad), 18374 Monterey Bay, Calif. ( MacGinitie 
1585) to Gulf of Tehuantepeoe ( Dall). Type loeelity, neat Santa Barbara. 

Collecting data: Our experience has been to find this a very common 
bay forme The habitat if from 8 to 12 inches below the surface of the sand 
in the intertidal zone of such bays as Anaheim, Alamitos, Newport, Mission, 
Estero below Ensenada ete, ( Burch ). ® I have a growth series from 3 to 
9 cme long, taken alive in the Venice @ahal a short distance from where I 
collected T. affinis ( U.B. Adams). There is not the slightest suggestion 
of intergradation™® ( Dre W.O. Gregg). 

c VI ye iene 
Tagelus affinis ( C.B. Adams), 1852. ™ Santa Barbara, Calif. to Panama® 
( Sail, 1921). Type locality, Panama. 

Collecting data: Of course, this species is so close to californianus 
that it could very easily be confused without careful study. Whenwe first 
got them from Lower Calif. we started checking and looking. The result was 
to find a number of sets labelled affinis from California but they all proved 
to be californianus., The beaks of the species affinis are definitely behind 
the center of the shell when compared to californianus with its centrally 
loeated beaks. T. affinis is very rare at this end of its rangee The only 
set known from local waters is a large set collected by Dre. W.0. Gregg in 
the Venice Canal near Playa del Rey, Calif. 


Subgenus Mesopleura Conrad, 1837. Type, Solen divisus Spengler. 
* Shell with an internal radinl rib, ventrally directed fromthe submedian 
beaks s ends of the valves rounded, 1nd the form of the shell usually more 
or less arcuate; otherwise like Tagelus.® 

Note by John Qe Burch ® I have just picked out a set of Tagelus divisus 
type of the subgenus Mesopleura and the internal rib is apparente Then I 
picked out a few sets of our Tagelus subteres and perhaps with the assis- 
tance of immagination a vague rib could be noted on an occasional specimen 
but even then it would be preferable to take some else's word for ite In 
fact I sce little of anything to encournge mo in a d&vision of our Tagelus 
into subgenerae Therefore until advised,l propose to ignore subgenera. 


Tagelus subteres ( Conrad), 1837e “ Santa Barbara, Calif. to Panama” ( Dall). 
Type locality, near Santa Barbara, Calif. 

Collecting data: Almost identical habitat and localittes as californ- 
-ianus , Mugu,Ventura Cos, Anaheim Bay, Playa del Rey, Mission Bay, Estero 
below Ensenada etc. ( Burch); “ I have three or four specimens which show 
the internal rib; three or four specimens out of that many dozen examines.” 
( Dr. W.O. Gregg). 
ee politus ( Carpenter), 1857. Mazatlan Cate, 1857227. 

e t. forma "Ss affini" simili, sed subtranslucida, violacéa, extus linea 
fusca et lineis albicantibus nonnullis radiata; epidermide politissima , 
fusco=rubente: intus nymphis elongatis, denticulus l-2 acutis, sinu palli 
versus umbones maxime arcuato; caldositate ab umbonibus, linea fusca exter- 
~iore conveniente, subexpressa decurrente. 

Known at once by the brownish violet colour, glossy epidermis, and 
dark ray corresponding with a slightly prominent ridge within. In this res~ 


: fAd~ p 24 
“pect alone it rosembles Machaera, In the pallial sinus S. affinis 4s inter~ 
-mediate between politus and violascens$; in colour S. violacens is inter# 
@mediatc: in the prolongation of the nymphac, S. politus. This species dis~ 
=-plays 2 small distinct muscular impressions betwecn the umbo and the anter= 
-ior adductor, which is oblong, but woll defined: in 5, violacens, it tapers 
off irregularly, uniting with these two; in S. affinis it is irregular, not 
tapering, uniting with the others which are also irregular. The largest 
specimen measures longe 048, lant. 1645, alte 23. 9% 

The range of this specivs is something of a problem dus to questionable 
identifications. However, Dre Keen in ® Abridged Check List" gives 8-34 which 
would be from about Santa Barbara south to Panama, Type locality, Mazatlm 

Collecting data; ® Have specimens from Terminal Island so identified 
by Dall and a set from Magdalena Bay collected by Orcutt and so labelled, 
The Terminal Island shells were collected alive onthe surface of the sand 
in the same manner as T, subteres is frequently founde They may be small, 
light colored specimens of Te californianus living in loose sand where a 
fixed burrow could not be made, but 1 am inclined to consider them distinct. 
Lowe had specimens of a quite different shell from further south which he 
checked up in the U.S. National Museum and decided were the true politus, 

As I remember it Dall stated that Carpontcr based his species on fragmentary 
matorial and it was difficult to place ato (AGM. Strong)( Perse Comme Deo. 
1944); ® We have Tagelus politus from Laguna Beach, collected by A.M. Strange 
Dall reported it from San Padro ( Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 
1898, p. 59)" ( Dr. A. Myra Keen); * See Maxwell Smith, Panamio Marine 
Shells, pe 64: *® The late Drs Frod Baker considered politus to be a young 
californianus®, I have a set of Tagelus collected many years ago which AyM. 
Strong ddentified as politus. They match with specimens of the above men- 
@tioned growth series of T. californianus ( Dre WO. Gregg) 3 "1 have 6 
specimens from °an Pedro, collected by Dre Tremper, and named politus. They 
are much lighter colored than subteres, and somewhat darker than affinise 
They have a central internal rib which appears to be lacking in affinis, mnd 
either lacking or indistinct in subteres."( George Willett). 


we a" t 


as 


ae Saeee , ee Nee a San 
aay ley eles a oe Ee a 
ee aed Or ae 8 
ae aac ya v : 
wi) ae te ‘ eae 
(0 Willi, * aN a | ana 
4 Waren ta \ \ Site SEAS ON 
Ue j cert | vs 4 Aa Oey 
? // } , il eI eer yo 
gre ah ie 
’ ve ‘ ‘ 
Pa a 
bh: agi See = 
ee hn fees Pe esa ‘ 
— : ve ae oY) / 
Fer aan Ss : rs 
Sanguinolaria Heterodonax 
| 
Pay ar 
Pa ae rN ’ 
ee aa 
ae ee 
¢ 7] 4 Ss 


#43 p 25 


Donax spe San Diego Bay 


er aa i 
Sie 
eee 
a ee 
sc RN et _ 
Donax gouldii Dall Sin Diego Bay 


For discussion of the species figured above see pp 20-21 and the 
following pagee 


#43- p 26 
Editors Note» A typical specimen of the two species known as Donax 
ouldii Dall were handed Thomas Ae Burch with a request that he make 
drawings of them. The figure MS 4410 is of the more common form with 
the colored rays. The figure MS 4411 is of the form deseribed by 
Gould as D. obesa and renamed by Dall as Donax gouldii. The following 
comments by Thomas A. Bureh are of particular interest under the eircum- 
“stances. 

* Just finished the drawings of the Donaxe I have read nothing 
about these shells and tried to draw them just as they are. If the 
specimens you sent me are characteristic of the two lots I feel confid= 
-ent that they are distinct species as it is apparent from these draw- 
-ings that not only is the shape of the two different, but also the 
hinge is definitely different. 

I did not bother to put in the serrations along the margin of the 


shells*® 


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= ae = {o> ee ele 
—— Sate TT ati SS RP ID ae a 
Ga Ge [OSE e LENO BOR 
( 7 nN, amin. Spee i ) 
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- Pear ed ee 
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ae Sy pee gas \ vie 
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Be et A ests ~- ae x 
me at Ve AUSF AS 
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f 2625 a gh (es Sea Gy. \ (C 
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SS — a oe 
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Gos : ) a ~ 
guy, 
Qe aa ae oe RRETRENN { ees eed Wy 
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#43— p 27 
Family SOLENIDAE . 
Genus Solen Linnaeus, 1758. Type ( by subsequent designation Children, 1822), 
Solen vagina Linnaeuse Dall ond other authors used Solen( L) Scopoli,1777 
with type Se marginatus Pulteney. Dr. A. Myra Keen advises on this © Dall's 
usage is unaeceptable. The type of a Linnnenan genus must be a Linnaean species 
S. vagina Linne, an Indo~Pacific form usually known as S. brevis Gould, is 
the first species designated. 

"Shell very long, subcylindrienl, straight, margins parallel, ends 
gaping; umbos terminal, or subcentral; hinges teeth, one in each valve; liga~ 
-ment long, external; anterior muscle sésr clongated, posterior oblong; pall- 
“ial line extending beyond the odduétors$; sinus short and squaree”"( Cottnm 
and Godfrey). 


Solen sicarius Gould,1850. *° Vaneouver Island to San Quéntin, Lower Calif.” 
( Dall). Type locality, Strait of Juan de Fucn. Well figured in Oldroyd. 
Collecting data: Dredged off Monterey, Colif. in 10 to 20 fms. on shale, 
8/1940; Alki Point, Sonttle, Washe 8/1936; off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 20- 
~cS fms. gravel and sand 8/1937 3 off Snn Pedro, Cnlif. in 7 fms. 5/1938; 
taken littoral in Alamitos Bay 10/1940; common in the San Pedro Pleistocene 
( Burch) 3 Mud Bay, lhinson Coe, 19003; Smith's Cove, Senttle, Washe, 1909 & 
Port Orchnrd, Kitsnp Coe, Wash; * This species lives on sandy mud flats at 
low tide mark or below. It does not seem to be commone I have only found it 
alive once” ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
Solen rosaseus Carpenter, 1864. ® Santa Barbara, Calif. to the Gulf of 
California™ ( Dall). Typo locality, Santn Barbara and San Pedro, Calife 
( on advice of Dr. A.M.s Keen). Dr. Keen also advises " The figure in Old- 
-royd is not rosaceus but is Ensis californicus."® 
Collecting data: Very abundant in Newport Bay, San Diego Bay and the 
Estero below Ensenada in our experience. Dredged as deepas 25 fms. off 
Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burch). 


Genus Ensis Schumacher, 1817. Type, S. magnus Schumacher ( fide Dall). 
"Like Solen but with one right and two left vertical cardinals and 

in each vatve a posterior horizontal tooth; the valves usually more or less 

curved® ( Dall, 1900). 


Ensis colifornicus Dal1,1899. " Monterey, Calif. to Gulf of California™(Dall) 
Type locality, off the Island of 5an Pedro Martir, Gulf of Calif. ; 

Note statement under rosaceus that the figure in Oldroyd of that species 
4s a figure of Ensis californicus. 

Colleeting dita: Our oxporionee has beon to find this species exseeed=- 
-ingly rare. We have dredged great numbers withthe 25 fathom gravel off Red- 
-ondo Beachbut by the very nature of the bottom and the dredgings it was a 
very low ratio of recovered complete specimens. The species is quite fragile. 
We have sets in our collection lnbelled as from San Pedro Bay and from 
Terminal Island collected by Mrs. W.He Eshnaur and others in the years 
before the dredging of Deadman's Island etc. Some of the members have repor= 
~ted taking it in Newport Bay ( Burch); specimens in the Los Angeles Museum 
from Long Beach collected by Mrs. Burton Williamson ( Dr. H.R. Hill) 


Genus Siliqua Megerle von Muhlfcld, 1811. Type, S. radiatus Linne ( fide 
Dall, 1900). " Shell ovate, flattened, straight, with a rib or clavicle 
ventrally directed; hinge like Ensis, but more feeble® ( Dall, 1900). 


Biliqua lucida ( Conrad), 1837. Bolinas Bay, Calif. ( Clark, Nautilus 28, 
pe27) to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. ( Dall). Type locality, near Santa 
Barbarade 


#43= p 28 

The problem with this species is to seprrate it from the yofng of 
Siliqua patula. This is particularly confusing to the collector who may 
as we have done at the mouth of Morro Lay, collect both species together. 
Grant and Gale, 1931 state, p. 390 ® «.. but lucida can be distinguished 
by its narrower and higher internal rib crossing the shell at right angles, 
by its shorter anterior extremity, by its blunter posterior extremity, and 
by its moro arcunte ventral mergin.® , 

Collecting dntaz Taken littoral in the sand at low tide at the entrance 
to Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Cos, June, 1935; avila, Calif, 5/1936; dregged 
off Monterey, Calif. in 20 fms.3 oft Sdnta Monica in 5 fmse; off Redondo 
Beach, Calif. in 15 to 25 f'ms.; and dredged off Ensenada in Todos Santos 
Bay in 15 fms.3; taken littoral at Pacific Beach, San Diego Co. ( Burch). 
Siliqua media ( Sowerby),1839. ® Arctic Ocean and south to the Okhotsk Sea, 
Bering Sea, and castward to Cook's Inlet, Alaskn® ( Dall, 1921). 

This species has been the subject’of rather extensive discussion. 
According to Grant and Gale, 1931, Dall erroneously attributed this species 
to Gray,18359. They furthermore place it in the synonymy of the species 
Siliqua alta stating ® The form figured by Dall as media .., and Dall's 
description together with 9 specimen in the Oldroyd collootion at Stanford 
University which was labelled by Dall in Washington, agree exactly with the 
young of 8. alta. However, we havo the following statement from Dr. A. Myra 
Keen ( Personal Comm., Dec. 1944) * The typo locality of Siliqua media was 
not given, in the original. According to McQuillan, who made a, special study 
of Siliqua on the West Coast, there are four recognizable speoies ( See Wey~ 
-mouth and MeQuillan, " Relative growth and mortality of the Pacific razor 
clam( Siliqua patula)...® Full. Bureau of Fisheries, vel. 46, Bur. Fishe Doc. 
noe 1099 for 1930,1931, which may be obtained from the Superintendent of 
Documents, sioshington, D.O. for 15 cents). To quote the above reference 
--" ve consider that therc are four species of Siliqua on the West Coast of 
North America; S. media,found in the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean; 5. alta 
in Cook Inlet and westward to Bering Sea and Siberia; S. patula from the 
Aleutian Islands to Pismo, Calif.; and S. lucida , from Monterey, Galif. 
to Lower California, All authorities agree that S. media and S. lucida 
are distinct species, The present view differs from that of Dall in two 
respects. S, patula nuttallii ond typical S. patula , which he considers 
connected by gradations, we are unable to separate on reliable criteria and 
are forced, therefore, to deny to nuttallii even subspecific ranke 5. patula 
alta , considered by Dallas a variety of S. patula, we find undoubtedly 
entitled to specific rank.®.." The most notable character in 8S, alta is 
the pigmentation. jl] exposed parts of the mantle, siphon, and foot are 
colored by a chocolate-brown pigment which immediately distinguishes it 
from S. patula, which is entirely without this coloration." 

Siliqua patula ( Dixon), 1788. Arctic Ocean to Pismo, Calif. 
Type locality, ® Cook's River, northwest coast of America® 

The discussion under S. media should be notes in connection with this 
Species. Grantand Gale, 1931, pe 388 report * This specios, well known 
as the edible razor clam, has been thoroughly studied by the Fish Commisse 
-ion. Thousands of specimens have been examined, their characters and habits 
analyzed,and the conclusion reached that the differences between the north- 
-ern form (patula) and the southern form ( nuttallii) are environmental , 
not genetic. Thus. these two names must be considered absolutely synonymous » 
It is nevertheless worth while to note that the cold climate of the north 
causes the northerly individuals to grow more slowly, though they live longer 
and in the end attain a larger size, having a somewhat different, more weath~ 
-er beaten appearance than their southern brothers. On the other hand the 
form, alta , usually considered a variety of patula_, is shown to be a dis- 


#43= p 29 
-tinct and clerrly recognizable specics. It is distinguished by its greater 
proportionate altitude, increasing posteriorly, by its shorter anterior 
end, both of its ends being much bluntor,end by the fact thit the internal 
rib runs from the hinge nearly straight across the shell.* 

It is thereforo, our opinion that Siliqua patula nuttallii (Conrad) 
should be placed in the synonymy of typical Sy patula (Dixon). 

Collecting data: Abundant on the benches below Astorin, Oregon 8/1936; 
and comnon on the ocean side of the strand forming the seaward side of Morro 
Bay, San Luis Obispo Gounty; S.E. Alaskan to Aleutian Islands ( Umnak) ( Ge 
Willett); Puget Sound ( Trevor Kinenid); Cordova and Sitkalidak Id, and 
near Juneau, Alaska and Pacific Beach, Wash. ( Weds Eyerdam). 

Siliqya alta ( Brodorip and Soworby) 1829. ® Arctio Ocean, south to Cook's 
Tate Alaska,end to the Okhotsk Sea® ( Grant and Gale,1931)é Type loocality 
Arctic Ocean. 

Discussion of this species which was considered by Dall to be a 
subspecies of patula will be found above under S. media and 8. patula. 

Grant aca ee thot this specics has a vertical internal rib 
whereas patula has a diagonal internal ribe 

Collecting data: Mr, George Willett montions the fact stated by Wey 
-mouth and McQuillan that the soft parts of alta are of a different colore 
Alaska Penninsula, Unalaska Island ( Ge Willett); Uyak Bay, Kodiak Island 
and Illulliak Bay, Unalaska Is. " This is a very distinct species and 
seems to be uncommon™ ( Wed. Eyerdam). 


Tagelus 


The following note by Thomas A. Bureh is an explanation of 
his drawings MS 4414,4415,4416 on the following pages. 

" After drawing the accompanying figures of T. califarnianus 
and T. subteres , I was at a loss to see any means 4f separating 
them witheut adding the violet color and characteristic epidermis ta 
the drawings. I then looked in Grant and Gale and noted that Te 
subteres is in section uoseps eure which is distinguished from Tagelus 
in that the shedl has an nternal radial rib, ventrally dirested’. 
I then reexamined my specimens and by using but a very slight amount 
of immagination this rib could be seenand felt with a pine One young 
specimen, which incidentally was in with the Te californianus , had a 
very distinct internal ray, two had visible eee ery had 
but 2 alight thickening which could be felt but not easily seen. 

Tagelus affinis is easily distinguished from the above by its 


Spaeaeen shell and by the pallial sinus which extends anterior to the 
hinge. 


Tapelus affinis C.eBe Adims,1852 MS 4416 
Almejas Bay, Lower Calife, Mexe 


#43= p 30 
Tagelus californianus (Conrad),1837. Magu Bay,Calif, Mud flat,5/37 
( Note* enlarged drawings not same specimen as smaller drawing). 


MS 44/4 


a a er a See agree RE cog se orange ee 
—_—— — a eee 
—_—— SS 7 te i ena ~~ 


—- cae 


#43 p 31 
Tagelus subteres ( Conrad),1837. Mugu Bay, Calif. Mud flat. 5/37 


MS 4415 


eo 


fhrckop eel Bus 


Vie © 

The following, note by Thomas A. Burch is an explanation of his 
drawings of Siliqua patuln and Siliqua lucida on the following two 
pages. 

* Undoubtedly the easiest way to distinguish Siliqua patula and 
Siliqua lucida of the same size is by the angle that the thickened 
yay bears to the dorsal margin of the shell ~= in S. lucida it is 
practically 90 degrees while in 5S. patuln it is almost 45 degrees. 

In addition reference to the firures or specimens will show that while 
similar, the hinges in the two species are quite distinctive. Incid- 
-entally in Dixon's original description of S. patula as given in 
Oldroyd, 4f posterior is inserted instead of " lateral’ or ' side' 

in referring to teeth it makes sense-~ otherwise it doesnt to me 

since there sre no lateral teeth. 

I have just looked at Keenand Frizzell's Key, Grant ond Gale, 
and Oldroyd and in none of these do I find any mention of the fact 
that the thickened ray passing through, down from the hinge appar<- 
“ently divides the anterior adductor scar into two portions, thereby 
forming an accessory muscle scar. Another reference to the drawings 
shows that these muscle scars area different size and shape in these 


two species, and hence may be used as a third criteria for identi- 
~fication,.* 


#43 p 32 


Siligua lucida ( Conrad),1837. Santa Monica, Calif, 10 fms. 12/35 
MS 4413 


_ aClCeSs ol ¥ ys &(g S$ can 
ee may 
10 


Accessory mus Se 
SCG 


#43 p 33 
Siligua patula ( Dixon), 1788. Morro Bay, Calif. Lit. Sand,1/1938 


MS 4412 


ee ae 
a 
PR ny — 
pane — ee. 
—— SS ee 
oe 
ee ae ant Se Byes ea Seca a 
ae a Sooner 


| - a a 
ff | 
} ; ? 
7 \¥— Ueersory muscle Stan, 
i oe Talsod ray K/0 


#43 p 34 

Corrections and Additions 
Minutes #42, pe 6 Dre A. Myra Keen advises that ® The typo lodgality of 
Transennella tantilla ( Gould) is Santa Barbara not Pliocene of Kettleman 
Hill&S. 
Min, #42 p 6 Dosinia ponderosa Groy,1838. Records of the San Diego Museum= 
La Libertad, Sone, Moxe 19353 Pts. Penasco, Sonora,1934; Angeles Bay,1932; 
Acapulco, Moxe 1930 in 20 fmse ( Lowe); Gurymas,Sonora,1930; Carmen Id. 1932; 
Conception Bay, 1932; San Quintin Bay ( Orcutt); Mazatlan, Mexe; Scammon's 
Lagoon, L.C. ( Capte Porter); fossil in San Diogo Bay. 
Mine #42 p 6= Tivela stultorum ( Mawe),1823, Cambria, Calif., large (Wilcox); 
Turtle Bay, L.C. ( Homphill); Long Beach, Calif. ( Lowe); Coronado Beach 
( Bristol); San Diego, Calif. mediumand small ( Hemphill and Baker). 
Min. #42 p 6= Transennella tantilla ( Gould),1852. San Francisco Bay ( Button) 
Santa Barbara, Calif. ( Button); San Pedro, Calif. and Puget Sound ( Lowe). 
Mine #42 p 7 Amiantis callosa ( Conrad), 1837. Magdalena Bay, LeC. ( Capt, 
Porter); Ptas Banda ( Orcutt); Todos Santos Bay ( Hemphill); Santa Maria Bay 
( Orcutt and Harrison); Coronado Beach; Anaheim Landing ( Emery). We are 
also given an Orcutt record of this species from Santa Barbara, Calif. but 
this would be an extension of range northwerd 100 miles and should be checked. 
Mine #42 p 7 Pitar newcombianus ( Gabb), 1865. La Jolla, Calif. in kelp roots 
( Wilson); Catalina Teland ( Lowe); La Paz, Loc. ( Capt. Porter); Magdalena 
Bay, LeCs in 10 fmse ( Lowo, 1931); Manzanillo, Mexico in 20 fms ( Lowe); 
Conception Bay, in 15 fmse ( Lowe); San Jose Id. ( Lowe); La Paz, L.e&. ( Lowe); 
San Carlos Bay and Angeles Bay ( Lowe, 1932). Note* This Manzanillo record 
by Lowe is an extension of range southward being on the mainland and perhaps 
100 miles south of the mouth of the Gulf of Calif. 

Mine # 42 p 8 Antigona fordi ( Yates), 1890. Long Beach ( Orcutt); Pt. Loma 
( Wilson); La Jolla, Calif. ( Wilson); Soe Coronado Id. ( Capt. Porter); 
Catalina Island in 35 fms. and off San Pedro ( Lowe); Pt. Vicente, Calif. 

( Chace). + 
Min. #42 p 8 Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad,1837. San Diego Bay ( Bristol); 

San Diego ( Hemphill); San Pedro and Santa Barbara ( Lowe). 
Saxidomus giganteus Deshayes,1839. Puget Sound and Sitka ( Lowe); Fidalgo Id 

Wash, and Oréas Id., Puget Sound in 10-20 fms, ( Baker); Idaho Inlet, 
Alaska ( Stephens). 

Min. #42 p 11 Humilaria kennor@eyi ( Carpenter in Reeve), 1863. San Juan 
Island, Puget Sound ( Oldroyd) 

Compsomyax subdiaphana ( Carpenter), 1864. San Pedro, 15-30 fms. ( Lowe); 
Drakes Bay, Puget Sound ( Oldroyd); Oreas Id. in 10-25 fms. ( Baker & Oldroyd). 
Mine # 42 p13 Protothaca staminea petitii(Deshayes) Sitka, Alaska ( Lowe). 
This record from the San Diego Mauscum is of particular interest. We would 

like to know exactly what Lowe identified as petitii. Species is questionecd, 
Mine # 42 p 15 BieTE viridis Dall, 1871, Kyasaka Harbor, 50 fms, ( Lowe) 
Mine #42 p 15 Irus lamellifer ( Conrad), 1837. Ocean Beach, Calif. not comm- 
~on in clay ( WK. Emerson); Monterey, Calif. ( Hemphill); Cambria ( Hemphill); 
San Diego Bay and San Pedro ( Lowe). 

Min. # 42 p 16 Gemma gemma Totten,18344 San Diego Bay, 3 valves ( Dr. Fred 
Baker); San Francisco Bay ( Chaney); 

Mine # 42 p 16 Psephidia lordi ( Baird),1863. Catalina Island in 4 fms.(Lowe); 
Orcas Island, Puget Sound ( Baker); Drier Bay, Knight Id. Alas ka and Ellam- 
-ar, Alaska ( Baker). 


. #43 p 35 
Minutes of the November Meeting of the Long Beach Shell Club 
The November moeting of the Long Beach Shell Club was held on Nove 

12 at the usual place, the childrens room of the Long Beach Public Library 
with President Ralph Bormann in the chair. There were 17 members ana. 2 
guests present, illmessa nd threatening weather keeping others awaye 

In the absence of thererular scerebary Mrs. E.P. Chace was appointed ar 
substitute. There were no committee reportse Motions made and earried were? 
1. That the Dec. meoting be held with Mreand Mrse Ulrich at 1049 Island Ave., 
Wilmington. 2. That Miss Rogers be thnnked for her invitation to meet with 
her in Dec. Members were reminded to bring packages for the Christmas 

Brab bage President Bormann appointed these members to act as nominating 
committee to nominate officers for next year and report at the Dec. meeting, 
EW. Ulrich, chairman, Mrs. Mary Bormann, and Miss Lena Higgins. 

Program chairman Lindermann then introduced the speaker of the day, 
Professor G.E. MacGinitie who had takenas his topic " Feeding Habits of 
Pelecypoda®, As the temporary secretary is not a court reporter and futther= 
-more Prof. MacGinitie included some material which has not yet been publi- 
«shed the following notes from his very interesting talk are far from comp= 
-lete, 

Almost without exception pelecypods feed on microscopic material, plm- 
«kton, single celled algae, spores of various algae which are given off 
at different times by different species but mostly sround sunrises In muddy 
conditions,nnd in deep water, the food is still microscopic but largely 
detritus which in this connection is decomposing plants. Only two plants, 
Zostera and Phyllospadix have gone back to the ocean. The most neglected 
place on any shore ( froma seientific standpoint) is the stretch from 
the low tide line down to 50 feet. Bactoria sre an important spurce of food. 
Caliyanassa lives on them almost entirely. In pelecypods the cilia create 
currents which move sheets or strings of mucus which trap the food. When 
a clam or mussel is feeding there will be four strings of food pouring into 
the mouthe In Sehizothaerus any undesirable material is dropped down close 
to the front of the-shell, then the clam seems to take a deep breath and 
expel the undesired in a little puff. Mytilus passes it right back in aU 
shaped current which takes it out close tothe incurrent siphone Anemones 
are green ( inthe shore species) because they have a single celled algae 
growing in their cells. Tridacna grows a sort of a garden in his own 
tissues like anemones. Tridacna has reversed its position in the shell as 
compared to other clams. its foot comes out close to the hinge and the frilly 
lappets which hold the algae come out of the dorsal region, not the mantle 
edge. Tridacona has light diffusing lenses which increase the growing algae e« 
Prof. MacGinitic supplemented his talk by passing around a paper which he 
has published on the ® Feeding Habits of 4 Pelecypods® and a paper showing 
excellent pictures of Tridacnas on the Great Barrior Ree@. 

After Prof, MacGinitie's talk Mr. Ulrich reported that a beautiful 
specimen of ' Paper Nauthlua’ had recently been found on Cabrillo Beache 

Adjournment was after the usual mannere 

Elsie Me Chace, Secretary Proe Tome 
PES ES EEE RSE E ES EES ESET SE SESE ES SE S 

It is impossible to express one's feelings at times. I have on my desk 
a Christmas card from our old friend W.& Parris of Boom, Tenne with this 
brief note® We lost our son in action, De day". 


#43- p 36 
Minutes of the Long Beach Shell Club= December Mecting 
~~~"The Long Beach Shell Club held its rcgular mecting and annual Criste 
-mas party, Dece 10, at the home of Mreand Mrs. EeW. Ulrich at 1049 Island 
Avenue, Wilmington, Calif. Due to illness many members wore absent. 235 Rere 
present. Mr. and Mrs. Ulrich are noted fortheir hospitatity and this occas- 
-ion certainly added to their fame. The recently acquired Whitmore collce- 
-tion together with the choice specimens the Ulrich's already had collected 
were placed about the home for easy viewing. Then followed refreshments~ 
the usual delectable sandwiches, candy, Christmas cakes and coffee and 
generous in amount. 

Mre Ralph Bormann, the president, called the meeting to order for a 
brief business meeting. The report of the nominating committee, Mrs, Ralph 
Bormann, Miss Lena Higgins, and Mr. E.W. Ulrich was given. For president, 
Mr. E,P. Baker, Vice-president and program chairman, Miss Julia Ellen Rogers, 
Secretary treasurer Miss Ruth Eaton, Chairman Courtesy Committee, Miss Graee 
Stillwell. They were unanimously elected. 

Motion was made and carried that outside speakers be paid a flat rate 
of $2.00 to take care of their travelling expenses and incidentals. Motion 
was mate and carried that this be made retroactive to include the visit of 
Dr, GeE. MacGinitio of Pasadena. 

Miss Julia Ellen Rogers reported that Mrs. Abby H.@. Gorham had had a 
serious fall and was in the Community Hospital in Long Beach. 

The subject of arranging for o permanent public exhibit in some prom= 
-inent plaee wame up for discudsione The president appointed Miss Julia 
Ellen Rogers, Mrs. Ralph Bormann, and Miss Lena Higgins members of a 
committee to investigate finding such a place, 

After the adjournment the members entertained by telling tall tales, 
Some were very tall. Grace Stillwell, Secretary, 

PES SESE ESE EEE ES OTE SE ETT ET TS ES : 

The publication referred to in the Long Beach Shell Club minutes is; 
MacGinitie, GE. * On the Mothod of Feeding of Four Pelecypods®, Biological 
Bulletin, Vole LXXX, Nos 1, 18-25, February,1941, 

Professor MacGinitie is with tho William G. Kerokhoff Marine Laboratory 
of the California Institute of Technology, Corona del Mar, California. 

PTS CSC CLLL ESS OCLC SCLCC OCS CCS S LCST ECL OS Se 
Mr. E.P. Baker, 417 S, Downey Avee, Downey, Galif. We are shocked to hear 
of Ned‘s second recent injury. He has just recovered froma broken lege The 
following note from Mrs. Bakere"” Ned has been in the hospital since Dec. 12 
when he cut his left hand badly while using a power saw. He was in a oriti- 
~cal condition for several days, is ever so meh better now but so far as 
we know will have to spend Christmas inthe hospital, He is having splendid 
care, the doctora nd nurses are all so good to him, but of course, we both 
wish he could be home. Think perhaps Ned will be home the last of next weeke 
Wish you could come to see us then. % 
Paul Pe. MeGinty and Sons, P.O. Box 345, Boynton Beach, Florida. We were 
happy to have a nice Christmas letter and card from the McGintys. They are 
all well. A little note about our friend Dr. Bales but we still dont know 
where Doc is collecting those borers at this moment. Dr.and Mrs. Bales 
spent a few days with the McGintys en route to the lower Florida Keys where 
they expect to spend the wintere 
Mr. and Mrs. E.W. Boerstler, P.O. Box 494, 1010 Ocean Blvde, Corona del Mar 
Calif. Our frionds have been doing some good collecting and have invited 
guests to join them. * Have been getting a few Cypraea these tides and most 
of them are the darkest I've ever secne Almost black, We think very beauti-~ 
-ful. I have never seen nicer ones than ours, all collected alive. 

We just exchanged and I have a recent package from New Zealand which 
pleased me very much but I don't know what to do about sending in that dir- 
~ectione Doesnt seem the thing to do although I have them packed.” 


#43= p 37 Mees 
Major H.S. Mort, 13 Milner Sts, Mossman, N.S.W., Australia. ‘° Many thanks 
for the monthly copies of the minutes of the conchological club; as you see 
I am still in the hospital and look forward to their arrival each month. The 
following informntion may be of interest to Mr. W.eP. Cook:= I have two specs 
-imens of Argonauta bottgeri, each nbout 1 3/4 inches maximum length. Both 
of these were picked up on the beach at Port Stephens, about 100 miles north 
of Sydney. Of sourse, noither had the animal in it, and of course a pelagic 
shell like Argonauta could drift for thousands of miles, so there is no know~ 
-ing where it eame from originallys I have not heard of it being found olive 
anywhere near Austrnlin, so the Japanese locnlity may be correct. This does 


not answer Mr. Gook's query " Where can I get a bottgeri?"® but may be of 
interest to Him/eeee 


MR RK OK or KOK KE 

Dre Louis Brand, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 21, Ohiog 
"Throughout the past year I have found your Minutes full of valuable and 
interesting information. Keep it up in 1945 and the years to come and more 
power to youe Your Minutes are not only good conchology, but the personal 
notes give them the breath of life. Enclosed is a small contribution to help 
along the good worke 

During the past two years I have been collecting the few. bivalves of 
the Ohio, Licking ond Little Minmi Rivers in the vininity of Cincinnati. As 
this is 2 classic locnlity for the Unionidne and old faunal lists are avail 
“able, it may be of interest to your readers to see what the Ohio River still 
offers in spite of pollution s0 bad that the water is hardly potable even 
after extensive chemical and mechanical trentmente Some species onoe abundant 
are now opparently extinct. No Dysnomias nt 211 were taken, nlive or dead. 
Quadrula cylindrica, Cyprogenia irrorata, Obovaria retusa, Lampsilis fallac- 
-iosa, Lasmigona compressa sre very rare== indecd O« retusa was rare in Rafe- 
-inesque'’s time, and he apparently failed to distinguish fallaciosa from his 
Le teres ( anadontoides Lena). The collections were made upstream from Cincin- 
“nati and below New Richmond; at Cincinnati the river seems to be barrehe 
Anyone who wishes to collect our famous fluviatile mollusca, the largest and 
finest in the world,had better begin nowe In a few years it may be too late. 
Even now some species are gone forever, for example the remarkable Dysnomia 
foliatayHildreth , which exhibits sexual dimorphism to 4 greater extent than 
any known bivalvee : 

In the following list, species marked (L) or (M) were also taken in the 
Licking and Little Miami Rivers. These streams enter the Ohio at Cincinnati 
from the Kentucky and Ohio sides respectively. 


Unionidae from the Ohio River ( Colle 1943-1944) 
10-15 miles upstream from Cincinnati. 

Aetinonaias carinata Barnes (L) Lasmigona compressa Lea 
Amblema costata Rafe ( LeMe ) Lasmigona ocostata Rafe ( LeMe) 
Cyclonaias tuberculata Rafe ( Le) Leptodea fragilis Rafe ( Le) 
Cyprogenia irrorata Lea ( Le) Ligumin recta katissima Raf. 
Elliptio crassidens Lamke Megalonaias giganten Rafe ( LeM.) 
Elliptio dilatatus Rnf. ( Le) Obliquaria reflexa Rafe ( Le) 
Fusconain ebenus Lea Obovarin olivarin Raf. 
Fusconaia flava Rafe ( LeMe) Obovaria retusa Rnfe 
Fusconaia undata Barnes ( Ls) Plagioln lineolata Raf. ( Le) 
Lampsilis anadontoidos Lea ( Le) Plcurobema cordatum Rafe 
Lampsilis fallaciosa Simpson ( L,) Plethobasus cyphyum Rafe 
Lampsilis siliquoidea Barnes ( LM.) Proptern alata Say ( L.Me) 
Lampsilis ovata Say ( LeMe) Proptorn lnevissima Loa ( LeMe) 
Lampsilis ventricosa Barnes ( LM) Quadrula cylindrisa Say 
Lasmigona complanata Barnes ( LeM.) Quadrula metanevra Rafe ( Le) 


#43 p 38 


Quadrula nodulata Rafe ( Le) ’ Tritoronia verrucosa Raf. ¢ LeM.) 
Quadrula quadrula Rafe ( L.M.) Truncilla donaciformis Lea ( Le) 
Quadrula pustulosa Lea ( L.)- Truncilla truncata Rafe ( Le) 


Strophitus rugosus Swainson ( L.M.) Utterbackin imbecillis Say. 


Additional species taken only in the Little Miami River. 

Anodonta grandis Say 

Anodontoides fcrrusacianus Lea 

Alasmidonta calccolus Lea 9 
: , PETS T eT CELT CLeTT CCL CSLCL CSO LLL. 2 cee | 

Ledona Koppon, 1965 Waltonin Dre, hontrose, Calif. We have missed our 
members at recent mectings but were shocked to loarn that it was dte to 
o fall md serious injury involwing confinement in the hospital for some 
seven weeks. Wo are, however, happy to report that she is well on tho 
way to recovery and expects to rejoin us within a few months, 

Mr. F.Re Aldrich, Aldrich Museum, Balboa, Calif. * I expect to be the 
Abalone King of Southern California. for as of this date I have stacked 

at my sons at Costa Mosa, over seven tons of fulgens and the corrugata. 
This is quitean exhibit in itself. lam doing some exchanging but nothing 
like it was in the past. The war did that. ' 

‘Chester W. Melville, Fort Myers Beach, Florida. This is the winter address 
of the Molyille family whose home address is 20 Hammondswood Road, Chest~ 
e-nut Hill, Mass. They expect to collect at Sanibel and the Florida west 
coast for the next three months, Good hunting. 

Miss Mary Nimitz, 2914 Fdrest Avee, Berkeley, Calif. We are indeed happy 

to learn that the daughter of our great nationnl hero, the Admiral, is 

a conchologist. 

Lieutonant V.D.P. Spiocr, 401 Vermont Avee, Berkeley, Calif. * My prosent 
adfress continues as above though my home and shell collection are "Iwontroll 
Farm*®, Route 2, Bog 237, Centralia, Washes I do exchange when at home and 

can reach my store of duplicates, mostly polynesian marine species. My coll-+ 
~ection is worldwide marine in scope. Have been able to add a few new species 
and localities since return to active duty in the Navy with the war,® 

Mrs. H.P. Walker, Rte 2, Box 242, Healdsburg, Calif. Mrs. “alker advises 

us that Jylfa Rogers Shell Book is out of print for the duration and only 
available on the used book market. . 

Professor Ralph We. Dexter, Dept. of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, 

Ohio. ™ I continue to enjoy reading your Minutes of the Conchological Club 
of Southern California and think youare doing a fine job. Best wishes for 
continued success.” 

Dr. Harald A. Rehdor, Associate Curator, Division of Mollusks, U.S. Nation-~ 
~al Museum, Washington 25, D.C. We are definitely flettored by a nod of 
approval from Dr. Rehder. “ The last number of the Minutes of the Conchol- 
“ogical Club of Southern California reached me a few days ago,and I have 
read it with much interest. It is becoming increasingly useful to workers 
in malacology, and I congratulate you for your considerable part in making 
itowhat- 16 ise 

Miss Miriam Shepard, Box 164, Route 2, Portland 10, Oregon. % I haven't 
been too well the past year, so I haven't done‘as much work as I should 
like. I hope to take one week of my vecation soon for a needed rest, and 
if I do I shall go to the beach.® 
Professor A.S. Duckworth, Southeast Missouri State Teachers College, Cape 
Girardeau, Missouri. Our friend seems to be having some fun with the mic~ 
=roscopic species from certain small lots of deop water dredgings we had 
left about. What a pity he could not have been a member of our ' gang’ 
when we were dredging. We literally paved a driveway at Redondo Beach with 
tons of such material from 50 to 250 fms.e 


#43 p 39 
MINUTES OF THE JANUARY MEETING OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIF. 
“The Conchological Club of Southern California met at the usual place 

and time Sunday, Jane 16, 1945. The meeting was called to order by the pres~ 
-ident, George Willett and there were 16 members and two visitors present. 
The visitors were Arnold Kind, 1725 W. 41st Drive, Los Angeles 37 and John Qe 
Burch IIIe Arnold Kind expressed by card a desire to become one of our mem= 
~bers and will henceforth be one of us. It is our understanding although 
he did not put it in writing that young Mr. Burch also expects to be one of 
our number4 The membership committee reported that one of our members was 
again in the hospital, due to another accident. It would seemthat he is 
getting a little more than his share of hard luck and all os us unite in 
hoping he may soon be with us againe It was good to have Mre AeM. Strong back 
with us. He has been so much help in the past that we hardly know how to 
carry on without him. 

Mr. Willett appointed the following committees for 1945—— 
Nomenclature= John Q. Burch, Elsie M. Chace, and Mr. AM. Strong 
Membership= Morris caruthers, Miss Edna Cook, and Mrse Mary Cornett 
Program Committee= Dr. HeR. Hill and Mr. E«Pe. Chace 
Editor~ John Q. Burch 

In the discussion of study plans for the coming year all agreed ona 
wish to continue as we had been doing, our study of west coast shells that 
has proved to be of such absorbing interest to long-time collectors, but that 
we should add to this a bit of elementary work to make the meetings attrac 
-tive to beginners, since so many of our younger members are now away at war. 

The regular study was taken up and led by Mrse» Cornett and many knotty 
problems were encountered which will be reviewed elsewhere. Dues received 
$4.00, Amt. on hand $4.50. 

4e 44 Effie Me Clark, Secretary~Treasurers 

: FEE TEES ESSERE SSE SES SS SE SS 

Harking back to Minutes #38, Back Page on which we ran a quotation from 
the NeY. Times regarding the piant snail of Malayas Comments and data on this 
were received from several members and appeared in Mine#39. 

Mr. JeRe le By Tomlin has kindly sent us for examination a copy of the 
paper ™ Report on the outbreak of Achatina fulica® , E.E. Green, Circulars 
and Agricultural Journal of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. And Mrs Tomlin 
comments ® I note your paragraph about the giant snail in the Malay on the last 
page of Auge-Sept. Minutes. How the chap has grown / Divide the N.Ye Times 
account by two and you'll have a more rational and correct picture. Of course, 
it is Achatina fulica , and I had it brought me from Singapore by Dre Archer 
of Liverpool about 1894 or 1895 ( the Voluta archeri man). ® 

EeePC TOCCCrer rere err erty: 

JeM,p Dowdle, S 2/c, PeAsDs #3, Navy 167, c/o Fleet Post Office, San Francisco 
Jack 18 8till in New Guinea or was when this letter was written and I am 
a bit amazed at the speed of this letter. Jack dated it Jan. 2 and it is on 
my desk Jane 9. Air mail of course. *® Have just received two sets of Minutes 
dated Auge,Septe and Oct. respectively. You know, of course, that I am quite 
pleased to get them.” "I will try to get you a Bpondylus as you request; 
however I rather think that it has been described end you will find it to be 
S, ducalis Chemnitze" " I am happy to learn that Major Schenck is in New Guinea. 
If you can send me his A.P.O0. number I will try to get in touch with hime” 

Jack says that he has mailed us ' considerable material’ and we are eager 
and hopeful for its arrival. Needless to say that we will run a list of species 
received in these minutes. 
Bort A. Gillham,Rockford, Iowa. ® I am not doing much with shells the past 
fow years. May have more time in the future. A friendand I have a collection 
of about 8,008 named varieties. Don't know if he is receiving your minutes 
or not. His address is HoH. Doolittle, 1925 B Aves, NeE., Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 


#43 p 40 

Mr. JeRe le Be Tomlin, 23 Boscobel Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea, England. 

*~Just a line to wish you all that is good for Christmas and for 1945, I am 

enclosing the list of Terebra types that are to be found in the British 

Museum from Hawaii ( Sandwich Islands in the paper of Deshayes referred toe 

HAWAIIAN TYPES TEREBRA IN THE BRITISH MUSEUN 
y JeR. le Be Tomlin 
‘Terebra interlineata DeshayesSe Pre Z00l. Soc. 1859, 227. 
his is undoubtedly the same species as crenulata L. The unique type 
has stronger and more numerous axial tibs than Ordinary crenulata Le 
probably owing to a very bad mend on the 15th whorl, 
Terebra pouldi Deshayese Journ, de Conch. VI, 89, pl.e5, fige2,1857, Type 
n British Museume 

Terebra bipartita Deshayes. P.Z.S, 1859, 284, The unique type in the British 
Museum is a small variety of casta Hinds. 

Terebra bacillus Deshayes, ibid.e ,285~ Type ( 5). 

Terebra inconstans Hindse P.Z.S. 1843, 156: These. Conch.se 1,179, ple44, fige 
836 Types (6) 

Terebra nodularis Deshaye8. P.Z.S. 1859., 295. Types (3). 

Terebra flavescens Deshayes. P.Z.S. 1859, 299. Type (1). 

Terebra swainsoni Deshayes. ibid. 299. Type (1). 

Terebra flava Graye P.2.S. 1834,60: Thess Conche I, 177, ple 44, fige 75- 
Described without locality, the type being labelled ® from an old 
collection®. The holotype of T. peasii Deshayes, described from Hawaii . 

- in P.Z.S. 1859, 302 is identical with flava. 

Terebra varicosa HindS. P.2.S- 1846, 152. Gulf of Papagayo, west coast 
of Central America, in Thess Conche I, 163, a text figure is given. 

In the British Museum are two with label in Hind's writing, one presen= 
-ted by Belcher, This species is identical with larvaeformis Hinds, 
Terebra variegata Graye P.Z.5. 1834,61. No locality ‘Bivens Type (1), 
inds in Thes. Conche I, 173 says that Cuming dredged it et " Guaymas, 
Gulf of California®. Terebra africana Gray, Types (2) in the British 
Museum is a synonym. 
ROI OIRO ROR ROI AIO OI AOR 

Morris K, Jacobson, 455 B. 139 St., Rockaway, N.Y. ” Some time ago I recei-x 

sved a fine shipment of fossil material from the Calvert formation in Mary~ 

-land.s. I washed out a lot of small and microscopic material, but find I know 

of no available published material to aid in identification, Know of any ? 

Should also like to obtain some fossils from your region. Know how I can 

get some, purchase or exchange 7 ® 

The editor trusts that some of our local fossil hunters will take care 

of Mr. Jacobson. And it is also hoped that anyone knowing of the desired 

publications on the Maryland formation will drop him a note of advice, 

Mrs, RB. Lundy, 620 El Camino Aves, Ne Sacramento, Calif. Mrs. Cornett 

has advised us that Mrs. Lundy is making a very fine west coast collection. 

BRE AR Re eK a i et oe a Z 

New Publication We haye as yet not received our copy of the recently 

published check list of Tertiary mollusks by Keen and Bantson, No doubt 

our members interested in these species will wish to order a copye Copies 

may be ohtained for $1.85 from the Geological Society of Amerioa, 419 W. 

117th St., New York 27, N.Y. The title is Special Paper No» 56, 


PES SSL RSE TEESE EL PEEL ETS EEE SS 


#43 p 41 

For years many of us have found difficulty in finding publications 
of the Biological Society of Washingtone References to the proceedings 
of this institution sre frequently encounterede The problem has then been 
to find it. For this reason we are very glad to have the following letter 
and to learn that these papers are available at the University of California. 

We have a letter from Mrs. Robert S. Bray, Acting Corresponding Secre« 
-tary, Library of Congress, Woshington, DeCe- Biological Society of Washing=- 
~tone 

* Your letter in regard to price lists of separates dealing with con- 
-chology has been forwarded to mee I> m very sorry to say that we do not 
have such nn index available. However, the Library of the University of 
California in Los Angoles is a subscribing institution to the Proceedings 
of the Biological Society of Washington, Iam sure that if you would consult 
the yonrly index which is with each yeor or volume of the proceedings, you 
would find papers of interest to your froupe 

If you find that you desire certain procecdings and will send me the 
volume and page numbers, I shall be glad to quote you pricese We have a 
fairly good supply of papers published for oe past thirty years and a 
limited number of those previously printed.® 


It will be sincerely appreciated if some student having access to these — 
proceedings will take the time and effort to check through themand send 
this editor a list of referenecs to papers dealing with conchology. This may 
be an opportunity to fill in a great many gaps in our libraries. 

JOO OI IID ORR OR RFR OR ie i a ak 
New Publication 

Catalog of North American Early Tortiary Fossils of the Gulf and Atlantic 
Coastal Plain= Published by the Bureau of Economic Geology~ The University 
of Texas=- Austin, Texas. Edited by HB. Stenzel 

This oatalog is prepnred in © manner similar to the ® Catalog of North 
American Devonian Fossils® published by the Wagner Free Institute of Science 
in Philadelphia. Tho Early Tertiary catalog will contain descriptions and 
illustrations of the fossjl invertebrates from the Paleocene,Bocene, and 
Oligocene of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States. Each 
Species will be described and illustrated on a card of heavy paper 8s by ll 
inches in size, fitting a letter file. The text of the cards will be printed; 
the figures will be printed by full=-tone processes Type specimens will be 
figured if available; if not, photographs of topotypes will be used wherever 
feasible. Photographs of topotypes will be used extensively as supplementary 
illustrations. Original descriptions will be quoted in every case. Additional 
remarks or complete roedescriptions will be given if necessarye Type localit- 
-ies and stratigraphic data have been checked in the field by specialists 
in nenrly all cases and will be given explicitly and in an up-to-date mannere 
Therefore, the cards will contain much more information than is available 
in the literature todaye There will be running numbers for the whole catalog, 
one for ench card. These numbers will begin with 1 and continue as long as 
new catalog cards nre being published. Also, there will be running numbers 
restricted to each classe Sots now ready for distribution: Tectabranchiate 
Cephalopoda ( Nautiloidena), 43 cards; Gastropoda=Genera Cryptochorda and 
Laparia, 12 cards; Gastropoda= Family Turritellidae, 81 cards; Brachiopoda, 
28 cnrds. Complete set of 164 cards. set (sets) at $5.90 per sete 
*** 11.B, Stenzel, Geologist, Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, Texas. 
® At present [ am working on Ostrea,Lopha, etce ( family Ostreidae). Perhaps 
some of the members of your club would like to send me some of the species 
which they have available, such as Ostrea lurida, 0. gigas, etc, In return 
they might want some of the fossil shells of f this region. L am sending by 
separate mail a box fall of them and hope you will not mind acting as agent e 


#43 p 42 

MINUTES OF THE LONG BEACH SHELL CLUB- January Mvcting 

The Long Boach Shell Club, mecting at 2:30 P.M., Jan. 14, 1945, was 
called to order by Mre Bormann in the absence of both president and vice~ 
-presidente Mr. Baker has had snother accident and is in the General 
Hospital, Ward 3700, and Miss Rogers was unable to attend. Thirteen mem~y 
~bers were presente 4 letter of appreciation from Mrs. Linderman and 
the Barnetts for the flowers sent thcir mother was read. Mrs. Brewitt , 
City Librarian, sent word that no exhibit cases are allowed in entrance 
hallways due to fire regulations, but that our club may take turns with 
other organizations in the use ofthe hall cases. Mrs. Mary Greenand Mrs. 
Jean Wilkins will represent the Agassiz Club in preparing such display. 

Mre Ulrich, introduced by Mre Bormann, took as his subject the 
pearly and paper Neutilus, The carly Nautilus, of tho Paleozoic era, was 
a twenty foot tapering shell which later evolved a curve. But during one 
stage in its evolution, the curves were entirely disconnected. This branch 
of the group was illustrated by a box of beautiful specimens. Still later, 
the coils became connected, producing the shellwe sce today, Of interest 
was the statement that this shell, variously carved was used for drinking 
CUPS» 

Lovell Reeve, Mr. Ulrich said, lists six varieties of Argonauta 
some coming from the Atlantic and Pacific coast, and others from the 
opposite side of the Pacific ranging from China and Japan to Australias 
and New Zealand. The beautiful shells which range in color from deep 
sepia to white with light tan occasionally or lilac markings, are secret- 
-ed only by the female and serve as a protection to hhe eggs. Through the 
body of the animal a flood of changing colors passes. Miss Higgins descre 
~ibed such a wave of color, variations of red, through the body of a 
small Octopus when attacked by an enemy crab and thought it might be due 
to nervous reactions, 

Both fossiland present day specimens were used to illustrate the 
talk. It was an interesting and enjoyable talk,and two specimens besides 
this group were shown; one which begins as a bivalve and later ib life 
becomes a univalve, Spirula spirula, and a Venus flower basket, that 
exquisite glass spomge of Japan. 

Mrse Paxon and Mrs. Ferris told of collecting the Argonauta on the 
Florida coast. . Respectfylly submitted, 

Ruth E. Eaton, Secretary. 
BORO OOOO ROO IGOR IIDIIOR OIG IEG IG II IIOI IC IOOI OIC AGI AOI A IOIDIOI OE 
So many members wrote in asking the price of the following new publicat- 
~ion that we are mentioning it agains*The Cenozoic Brachiopoda of West= 
~ern North America® by Leo George Hertleinand U.S. Grant IV. The correct 
title is Mathematical & Physical Sci, UCLA Vol.3. Send $3.15 to the 
University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. 

EEE ER EEE 

Dre HN. Fisk, School of Geology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 
Louisianae We are very happy to add Dr. Fisk's name to our permanent 
mailing list. 


#43~ Back Page 
Members of the Long Beach Shell Club 
Mr» Charles Allen,1094 South King St«,Apt.H, Honolulu, T.He 
Mrs and Mrse Fred Barnett, 80 62nd Place, Long Beach 3, Calife 
Mr. and Mrs. E.P. Baker, 417 South Downey Ave.,Downey, Calife 
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Borman ,4331 Vermont Ste, Long Beach 4, Calif, 
Mr.e Ralph Borman Jre, College V-12, Naval Training Unit, 1301 Ee California 
Ste, Pasadena 4, Cnrlif. 
Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Burch, 4206 Halldnie Aves, Los Angeles 37, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. Earl Bruch and Joan, Box 2682 Atlas Rde, Napa, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Burch, 680 W,. 34th Ste, Los Angeles 7, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. E.P. Chace, 24295 Eshelman Aves, Lomita, Calif. 
Miss Evelyn Davis, 270 Ravenna Drive, Long Beach 3, Calif. 
Ethel Donaldson, Box 597 S. Downey Aves, Downey, Calif. 
Ruth E. Eaton, 326 West 5th St., Long Beach 2, Calif. 
Mrse Grace Ferris and Jane, 4304 Appian Way, Long Beach 3, Calif, 
Mr.and Mrs. MeE. French, 792 West 26th Ste, San Pedro, Calif. 
Mrs. Abby H.C. Gorham and James Gorham, 1323 East 3 Ste, Long Beach 4, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. James Le Goldie, 745 Gaviota, Long Beach 4, Calif. 
Miss Lena Higsins, 344 West 9th, Long Reach 2, Calife 
Dr. Howard Re Hill, 4262 Angeles Vista Blvde, Los Angeles, Calif. 
Mrs« Ralph Hooper, Seward, Alaska. 
Mrs. Esther Johnson,611 Ultimo Ave., Long Beach 4, Calif. 
Mr.and Mrs. Clause Lehman, Louise and Eleanor, 248 Ximeno Avoe,long Beach 3 
Mrs. Leanna Linderman, 80 62nd Ple, Long Beach 3, Calif. 
Mrs. Ruth Libby, 817 Carson Ste, Long Beach 7, Calif. 
Mreand Mrs, J.A. McBride,1443 Lime Ave., Long Beach 6, Calife 
Miss Cynthia Mason, 3032 East 3rd, Long Beach 4, Calife 
Mrs. Alice Paxon, 5394 Appian Way, Long Beach 3, Calif. 
Miss Julia Bllen Rogers, 355 Junipero Avee, Long Beach 4, Calif. 
Miss Edith Re Rex, Avalon, Catalina Island, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. Laurence Pelton, 4351 Long Beach Blvde, Long Beach 5, Calif. 
Mr. S.Ge Skinner, 630 Almond Aveey Long Beach 4, Calif, 
Mr. James Stephenson, 207 Quincy Avee, Long Beach 3, Calif. 
Dre As Haven Smith, 222 Pine Ste, Orange, Calif. 
Miss Grace Stillwell, 337 Cedar Avoe, Long Beach 2, Calife Phe LeBe 631-461 
Miss Me Tripp, 234 Corona, Long Beach 3, Calif. 
Miss Lucille Tyselling, 853 Atlantic Ave., Long Beach 2, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. EW. Ulrich, 1049 Island Ave.s,Wilmington, Calif, 
Dr. Hazel As Wentworth, 110 Mira Mar, Long Beach 3, Calife 
Mrs. Jean Wilkins, 5939 Gundry Ave.e, Long Beach 5, Cnlife 
Miss Helen E. White, 334 East Ocean, Long Beach 2, Calife 
Mrs. Frank Eastman, 130 Elm Ave., Long Beach 2, Calif. 
SRR OICIOI ORO FOI IORI IOI OI OR 
Officers of the Long Beach Shell Club for 1945. 
President, Vici ame 417 South Downey Avee, Downey, Calif. 
Vice-president and choirman of the program committee, Miss Julia Ellen Rogers, 
355 Junipero Aves, Long Berch 3, Calife Phone LeB, 33423 
Secretary~Treasurer, Miss Ruth Eaton, 326 W. 5th St., Long Beach 2,Ph.725~34 
Chairman courtesy committee, Miss Grace Stillwell,337 Cedar Avee, Long Beach 2, 
Phone Le Be 631-461 


Meetings to be held as usual on the 2nd Sunday of each month at 2:30 P Me 
in the Children's Room of the Long Beach Public Librarye 


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#44 pi 
MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
~~ February 1945 am 
The minutes and other publications of the Conchologioal Club of 
Southern Californin are not open to subscription. However, any of our 
friends interested in receiving hhem, may send us donations or stamps 
to help defray the cost of material ond postagee 


Any institution or library interested in filing these minutes is 
welcome to all available hack issues and a place on our mailing list 
without charge. Students of particular problems are always welcome to 
ask us for specimens for study as wellas all information we may havee 


The next meeting will be held March 4, at the Los Angeles Musoeun, 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 P.M. 
We are now meeting the first sunday of each monthe 


Please mail all news about shells, shell publications, shell collec- 
-tors, shell trips, localities etc. to your editor, 
John Qe Burch, 
4206 Halldale Avee, 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 


PES tS SELLE SS EEE SES REST SEES SSS SEE ES 
California Fish and Game, Vole31, Noel, January,1945 has been received. 
The only article in this issue of particular interest to our group is 
The Baloon Type Otter Trawl for Rockfishes® by W.L. Scofield. This trawl 
is described and is now in general use off northern California being used 
at depths of 60 to 80 fathoms and 6 to 10 miles off shore. Of course, no 
mention is made of mollusks. However, one of the most successful pieces 
of gear that our experience proved worth while for taking deep water moll~ 
“usks of the surface varieties was a small version of just about such a 
trawl as described in use by this article. I1t grieves one to think of the 
countless rare specimens that are no doubt being washed over board by the 
norhtern fish trawlers at this timee It is safe to state that if it were 
possible for a conchologist to accompany these trawlers he would quickly 
accumulate a collection that would settle many mooted questions about 
rare specieB, 


The Journal of Conchology, Vole22, Noe5, 30th November,1944, the organ of 
the Conchological Society of Great Britainend Ireland. 

Papers in this issue of particular interest to us are " Deshayes 
Review of Terebra® by J.R. le Be Tomlin; “ Notes on Littorina Saxatilis 
( Olivi)" by N.F. McMillan. The other papers and notes dealwith the fauna 
of the British Islands. 


Protozoa in Great Salt Lake® by Dr. David T. Jones, University of Utah, 
Solt Loke City, Utah. 8 pp, 1 page of plates. 


PEE ESL ELE LS ESP SS SS Se ES 

MORE ABOUT THE SCHISTOSOMIASIS PROBLEM by Dr. W.O. Gregg 

Recently there has been received a reprint of an article entitled 
* Unsuccessful attempts to infect eleven species and 6 ubspecies of domestic 
Planorbidne with Schistosoma mansoni,® Eloise Be Cram, Myrna Johes, and 
Willard He Wright. Proc. Helminthological Society of Washington, Volell, No. 
2, July,1944, pages 64~66. The species and subspecies tested were : Heli- 
“soma anceps, He durvi intercalare, H. duryi normale, He. subcrenatum, He 


jitkt pe 
suborenatum disjcctum, he. suberenetum ploxatum, H. tenue ie _californiense, He 
trivolvis, H, trivolvis turgidum, Plen rbis corneus, and Tropicorbis don= 
=billi. In these experiments specimens of Australorbis glabratus, the Known 
Intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Puerto Rico wero used as con~ 
=trols,. 

Additional specics of Planorbidne are desired for these teats. ine cece 
~tions for packing and shipping are to be found in the Nautilus, Vol. 58, 
pe 32, July, 1944. In " Minutcs" No. 41, pe 30, it was stated that living 
specimens of Tryonia woro particularly dosirod at this timo for studies 
in connection with Schistosoma japonicum because of the close relationship 
of Tryonia to the Asiatic Oncomelania,. Tryonia clathrata is found in Nevada. 
I do not know of any authentic records of T. clathrata from California. 
Tryonia protea, better known as Paludestrina protea is found in the Colors 
~ado Desert, California and also in isolated localities in Nevada,Utah, 
and Mexico. It is suggested by Dr. Bartsch that any one who has opportunity 
to collect live specimens of T. protea for this research carefully record 
the temperature of the water where they are taken and also collect samples 
of water for chemical analysis. They should survive shipping by air mail 
is packed in wet moss as directed for packing Helisomas in the article above 
referred toe 

ROR ROI Or 
Dre Henry van der Schalie, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann 
Arbor, ilichigan. " The minutes of the January mecting of your society are 
here and I noticed that you made a special call for a note an the interests 
of individuals. My request alomg this line will be somewhat in the line of 
the best interests of this Museum, 1nd would then include the landand fresh 
“water shells in genoral. We are willing to exchange or in any other way 
help to sponsor the work of others. For the past few years most of my own 
activity has been directed to the North American fresh-water mussels and I 
feel best able to be of help with that group. We are making up a mailing 
for a few papers which have accumulated and will send some along to youe 
If thereare any of the members especially interested in those sent I shall 
be plad to try to supply those particularly interested. I appreciate 
receiving the minutes you send and em filing them here in our Division of 
Mollusks for others who may wish to see them. " 
Paloontological Resenrch Institution, 126 Kelvin Place, Ithaca, N.Y. 
We are honored to sond this great institution a file of all available back 
issues and place them on our permanent mailing list. 
T/Sete Kcward Hafer, 19098776, 45 Bombarcment Group, 403 Bombardment Sqdn. 
(heavy), A.P.0. 920, c/o P.M. San Francisco, Calif. This name was sent 
in by our member Edith R. Knapp with the note " The son of a friend of 
mine is in a hospital, for probably some time,and has becomes interested 
in sea shells. He has requested a book on the subject, which we sent him, 
and we think he would be interested in the bulletins if it is possible to 
send it." May we suggest that members having the time to do s0 
might drop Sgt. Hafer a note, One of our soldiers in a hospital and inter- 
-csted in our hobby should receive our most enthusiastic greetings. 
Lillias F. Cockerill, Sanibel, Florida. “™ .«. I am interested in World Wide 
Shells, Marine and Terrestrial,end am willing to Buy, Sell or Exchange 
Shells. oe. The hurricane in October did a lot of damage around here . It 
seems to have buried most of the shells.® 
Fred Tobleman, 13g Brenner St., Newark 3, New Jersey. At last I have been 
able to get a little leisure in which to write the article on mounting rad~ 
—ulae which I am sending youe I have beenso busy I haven't had time for any 
scientific work until now. *** I om offering a set of Bupleura caudata from 
the New Jerset oyster beds for a set of Tritonalia japonica ." 


< 

Family MACTRIDAE 
Genus Anatinn Schumacher,1]1617,. ‘Tyre ( by monotypy), Anatina pellucida 
Schumacher -- Mactro anatinn Spengler. ( fide Grant and Gele,193l,p 406). 

* Shell small or medium in size, thin-shelled, ventricose, beaks adj~ 
-acent, posterior gaping, lnternlly somewhit flettened, sub-rostrated; 
sculpture consisting of fine growth lines only or of growth lines and 
concentric undulations; hinge with prominent chondrophore; cardinal teeth 
small but definitely formed, partly overhanding the chondrophore; anterior 
lateral obsolete, posterior smell snd shert; hinge plate excavated in front 
of cardinals, flattened behind; ligament separated from chondrophore by 
n shelly wall; pallial sinus short, brond, not confluent below with tho 
pallial Lino. 
-~ erase Say, 1822 ait ‘Lutraria plicatella Ee 
~~ ‘Shell rather large, convex, compressed posteriorly; poate of 
re plications, surface of fresh specimens vermiculate® ( Grant & 
Gale). 
Anatina ( Raeta) undulata ( Gould), 1851. ° San Pedro, Calif. to Panama® 
(Dall, 1921). Type locality, La Paz, Lower Calif,, Mexicoe 

Grant and Gale,1931, p. 407 state " Recent specimens of this species 
from La Paz, the type locality, hove the umtones noticenbly anterior to 
the middle of the shell. In the Stanford collection specimens labelled 
San Pedro which look like Fleistocene fossils have the umhones nearly 
medial*® 

Our only experience in collecting this species was the finding of a 
number of more or less broken velves washed in on the sandy beach below 
Ensenada, Mexicoe In these specimens the unbones are noticeably anterior 
as Grant and Gale state of the La Paz specimens. Later in our dredgings 
in Todos Santos Bay we trourht up only very badly broken fragments. This 
species is so fragile tht it sounds discouraging to me to expect to dredge 
them in good condition. Of course, it is not from deep water. ( Burch)< 
Dr. Howard Re Hill of the Los Angeles Museum reports that the museum has 
specimens from Long Beach and Terminal Island and that they all have the 
umbones anterior to the middle of the shell. 


The distinguishing features of the four genera involved in this 
family in our fauna os adapted from the © Key to Pelecypod Genera® , Keen 
and frizzel) ares 
With an A shaped enrdinnal toorh eesccessrseeceseoene Anntina 
Shela sbroadly gapime DOnine cesses scenes ess ateveseers Schkvotunnerus 
Chondrophore set off from Sole use by 2 MOE Si Inminnes Mactra 
Chondrophore not " id : Spisula 


Genus Mactra Linnacus,1767. Type ( by subsequent designation Fleming,1818) 
Cordjum stultorum Le ( The designation by Fleming is given us by Dr. 
A.M. Keon ( Por. Comm, Dece 1944), Grant and Gale gave designation by 
Gray,1847,. Nall, Bartsch and Rehder,1938 refer it to snton,1839. 

u encition normil in number and distribution of eee ths ligament set 
off by a shelly lomina rising between chondrophore and ligsment; cardinals 
gonerally coalescent »bove; laterals smooth or finely granular." 

Under the subpenus Mactrotoma Dr. Dall cescribed several Sections 
ond each of three west coast species under different Sections. The con~ 
-sensus of opinion seems to be that the distinctions sre so small that 
they should be adequrtely covered in the specific descriptions. Therefore, 
we shell not consider subgenernoe 


Had p 4 

fo state that our knowledze of this group has been in a state of 
confusion would be a gre xt under statement, There seems to be little 
excuse for this because our specics are not difficult to distin -uish, 
The difficult; is purely one of nomenclature. Therefore, in this paper 
we shall not ‘attempt to rectify theo mony -conflicts in the taxonomy, but 
propose to mr stain the’ names commonly applicd to cach Bpceics stating thu 
- probloms involved, 4n effort will be made to figure each species and give 
’ enough informition about it to enable students to know which specics we 
are eve Cues eee 


Mactra californicn Conrad,1837. Weah Bay, Washington to Panama. The range 
“of ‘this’ species has been 9 mattcr of much discussion. Pilsbry and Love, 
€ Proce AsN.LS.P. ve84,1932) discuss the species in their key on p. 88 and 
figure it pl. 16. Dr. As Myra Keen ( Pers Comm. Dec, 1944) states " Eric 
Jordan collected IM. eslifornica at Manuel's Lagoon; Wiedey end Valentine 
collected some specimens at La Paz, which are in our collection, and we- 
have one Lot recently scent in by a collector in Panama from Venado Island, 
Panama Bay which. is not more thon, subspecifienlly distinct from M. cnlif- 
eornica. "“ According to Pilsbry and Lowe's key the specimens of Nactra 
from Panama aro Me californicn.® 

The typo locality is Santa Barbara. Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 393, 
stato the data on’this very well * This is the common smell Mactra of 
southorn California. It is rather flat, elongate,and the laterals arg short 
and close to the cardinals and chondrophore. It is the typo of Dall's sec- 
-tion hiicromactra," 

tre ‘lielie Strong Pe eer entian to the fact that the undulations or 
waves near the umbones form a distinguishing feature of this species in 
our faunie 

‘ Collecting datas Very comuon in the laroons and bays and easily spaded 

up from 3 to 6 inches below the surface of the sand. We have taken it by 
hundreds from Newport. and, Anaheim Bays. It docs live in the open sca though 
and is rathor comaon as . beach shell from Long Beach to Huntington Beach 
in our experience. ( Burch). Reported by Wed. Eyerdam from Clallam Bay, 
Strait of Fucae Sans ‘ 

See figure on following pape. 


Mactra nasuta Gould,1851, San Pedro, Calif. to Mazatlan, Meeteoe 
Type locality, San oo and Mazatlane 

There has becn a great deal of confusion about the name nasuta , but 
the shell local collectors have béen so labelling is certainly the same 
species Dr. Dall called nasuts. Our shell is almost identical with the 
figures of fragilis to which Dr. Dall eonbpercs nisuta, This will be shown 
in the following figures. ~ 

we must definitely take eRe evar the following statement of Grant 
and Gale, pe 405 " Mactra nasuta Gould, which was stated to inhabit Mazat- 
~lan,kiexico and San Pedro, irae eee may be a rare species which is now 
not definitely knowne The shells in. California cyllections which are lebertec 
Mie nasuta generally prove to be the young of Schizothaerus ‘nuttall{i,® 
The shells we have buen labelling nasuta from Novport’ Bay, San Onofre,. 
Punta Banda otc. are dofinitely placcd in Mactra by the hingee Further- 
-more, in collecting thom they are instantly seprrable from the common 
californica by a difference in the color of the periostracum which is 

rether a chiny gray on nesutse and a .dull brown on californica. Habitat 

about 6 inches below the surfoece of the sand in sandy lagoons or beachese 
Dre 4s Myra Keen ( Per. Comme Dec. 1944) “ Our specimens, which have the 
shining gray cpidermis you mention and are definitely not young Schizo~ 
~thacrus , aro all from San Pedroe® Con. page 7 


es 


#44 op 5 
Mactra et lis ston orton ts. Las! 
Newport Bay, Califte . MS 451 


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Mre Aslle Strong ( rere Cob ‘9 lece doe) pives some very interceting 
comments on hie ctra nasute & mule, © This «<8 csaerited in Proc, Boston 
yi vol, 4, pe 88 I find no reference to » figure. Carpenter, 
Repte 1863 says @ suppressed) but revived for young shells from Santa Bare 
~barase Hé does not state by whom it was. supyressed or whe Packnrd stites 
it is not of Carpentere, Dell, Troanse Waecner, Instes Volsed, ptot, po 894, 
stated that Mactrotoma frocilis Gmelin referred to by Corpenter from the 
west coast shou id ‘be Hi, nosute Gould. Ge tpentor! S reforeneos nre Repte 1856, 
oe iets: it from eee Ca wifornia put.not from the Gulf, “Pilebry.and Lowe 
list it as rare, valves on the mud flats, Hexico and Central. America. It 
probably ace not age as ae coor ee as. Golifivrnin.s The eee, are listed 
20, fire 114 5 Me nemieyeela Leen “Me ect ae 3, apiende Pe 463 
Me ovalina no Weine | not Lam. 

“The following ¢omments, by Mr. A.M. Strong should no doubt have been 
yess under i ote usa taue of Rippers, : cee enlifornica 1 Comrade 
and poaeaater o Conred in the ps Acade lint. Scie Philns Vols Te Pe Ban 
plel&, figel2. It definitely is not the shell identified by Ooh and 
Carpenter and probably by Dall in his oarlicr writingse Nor is it tho shell 
figured by Packard and reprocuced by Oldroy’i in Fl. 20, figs. 4,5,6, It 
probably is the sholl figured by Dall in Proce UeS. Nate Mus. vole 66, ple 
20, figel, which shows the undulations under the benks very plninly. It is 
this shell that is accepted by Pilsbry onc Lowe and figured in Fl, 16, fig. 2e 

Dr. Ae Myra Koen ( Pore Comme Dec: 1944) "eo, I include 2 copy of Reeve's 
firure of " Mactrn enliforhien Dceshryos®, which must be attra&buted to Roeve 
on the basis of priority, This homorvm was renonedc Spisula deshoyesil Conrad 
1868, Amore Journe Conche vol.3, n>.3, ppendix, pe 46. Reeve remorks, *this 
species is not distinguished by : ny peculinrity of form or seulpture, 2nd 
hans very much the appearance of © sxoll iiye." that comment certainly applies 
to his figure. AS for mst of the other s,ucies, the only final sclution 
to our problem is to hunt up the types or cseortain positively that they nar re 
lost, thon desienate 2 nootypr from tne type locality where this scems 
Rees nbc Otherwisc, es with the “ Panyu” ons, probibly new descrip= 
etions based on good material wouie be prefcorable. Ponding' that,the best 
course will be, I believe, to. write the nomes as follows : Mactra nAsutn 
Gould ( of euthors) , or ( nuct; if you prefers The whole thing is obviouse 
ely » bisver ~roblenm then we ein settlo. just nov. The only types I located 
on my trip const wore Spisule faleata tn. ( os ‘USN 5843, and nets 
dolabriformis Conrad, allor 61411, as 

The following note is by Thomas ic, Burch who drew the nee : "Since 
Dall says that Mactre nasut o is the countery¢eart of Mactra fragilis it may 


be of interast to mention © few minor, cistinetiens npparcnt between our 
specimens anc Doll's pene (Gers aise 6) » Ihis is concerned with the 


antcrior Internal tooth in the left vllyvc, hich in both species is partially 
diviced into two toethe In M, cnesut: i ee sc. areas ido hy sice while in M, 
fracilis they are end to ond, Enctre nesuts eiffers from ii. valifornica 


acer eee ta nee ce See 


in that the anterder ond is nore roun’ce in i, ealiforniva nnd also the 
‘anterior inferior Interal to th in the richt Tales of iy caiifs ‘rnica is not 


divided into two separate teeth while it is in i.. nasuta. In Me nasuta 
these two lateral teeth ore in line and Join the anterLor cardinal tocthe”™ 


Seat i tod Heobh 


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Moactrn fragilis Groen fide Dall 


ee eee oe we tee 


Hid p 8 
‘In leaving the genus Mactra it is obvious that we recognize but two 
species, Me californicn Conrad and M. nesuta Goule, The third name found 
on most faunal lists is Mnetra dolabriformis Conrad,1867. However, the 
shell accepted and labelled with this nsme by local collectors is clearly 
a Spisula - It will be discussed at length, 


The following note is from Thomas Ac Burch, dated Jan, 10,1945, 
* I have just finished drawing the Spisulas and making out the key. But 
before getting to the key, I should explain my ideas as to the hinge of 
Spisula and its development as shown in. our local species and in this way 
explain my key to species which follows, In my opinion the hinges of Bo 
catilliformia, 8.’ “hemphill*i?, nad 2, alaskana are the most primitive, 
or at least the less difforentinted, since these species have but two late 
~eral teeth in the left valve and four in the right valve ( 2 right & 2 left) 
In the other species of Spiazla one or more of these lateral teeth is sep» 
~arated into two more or less dssbinst teeth. Perhays erroneovsiy I have 
considered this a sign of differentias:.on and therefore advancement, Eince 
I always get vonfused when teeth are numbeved, as in Keon’ Friazell’s 
Koy to Pelecyped Genera. I have dessribed the teeth according to their act» 
~ual position with ‘regerd to the hinge A sompi.saced example would be 
proximal ( near the hinge) anterior taferior Lateral tooth in the right 
valve of § S> pianulatea ta, While this mty be confusing also, it can easily be 
figured out wivh the sheil or drewing, - : 


KEY TO SIECIES OF SPISULA 


Posterior end longer” then enberior 


Pall* al sinus deep OyvacltCews, ,oo#oseesveteoee seve see eo @ BS. entilliformis 
Fall@niosandge shallow 4 si 0scuse sees caaeecees Om Dolyiym alaekana 


Posterior end shorter than anterior 

Right walve with antcrior inferior lateral tooth 
not divided into two dietwnel teeth co.vsseecceSe” homphnillii~ 
Right valve with antes.or caferior lateral tooth 
divided into two distinwt iceth, the proximal 
joining or nearly joining the anterior cardinal 
tooth. 
Left velve with anterior lateral tooth not divided 
into two distinct tecth | 

Anterior surerior margin of shell definitely 

CONIC Kc avers sree cwvecssenccscrcssees ver O- falcata 

Anter or sa,erior margin of shell nearly cane te a 

stra. pnt fle eWiclew gies 6 sss emels Sieveiees hE DLO le ba 
Left »a.e wick euverior lateral tooth divided” 
SnbO) TWO 0.8.01 39, Voc tn asses stent ae wine sees O- COlaprleormis, 


While I believe that the above key should be adequate to separate 
these’ spesies, ret. rcave to tho ascomvanveng figsves w..l bring owt further 
differences not only in the shape but in Vino hango a.so. For unstanse the 


hinge plate ( in ouxy suntl cextes) of B. fallaw oo mich sualler on props 
-ortion to the sardinaz teeth than in Sees. pow. aia or &. ™ dolabri-« 
“formis", The prox:wal aa.er:or Imferto, (alete, tooma of Uns sien qalve 

is nearly fused with the ancertor cardinal in &- “dovaos tora s® , definitely 


seperated from 16 1n 6. Fatscwa and tibermediate 2h ef. vin 


ene ee 


DULEULANCE Gl items (Geass | 


oy 


bi teas, 
oe. 
- e i me , 
oa — 
a Powe 
a * 
e i 
P ij ‘a \ S 
ta ’ ' 
r ‘ i\ nie 
/ \ Yoyo s 
fat a 1 
{ ae : ee ) 
i : . , 
"4 cue. rs N, 
po : ae ) 
\ 3) : 
\ ; ‘ ‘ 
X So ety Pi so 
4. as oe “\ . 
x Ze F roe VON 
= 7 pee: a ne 
\ ‘ dg? OS SON 
~ / \ =< 
- ‘ H } \ 
. 


area of ligament 
attachment 


~ 


, 


chondrophore 


Ant. superior Late 
tooth 


: waar =, 
ee Nee 
e f 


Ant}. inferior 
Lat e tooth 


) ie ee tooth 
; ares ae ae gas Sf / ) — Se J 
me ~ ier ey) ee es 


ae Na ee re ce ie 
ws BS se as oe Se oN 
* . NG = nS x =e 
“ a Ae “ 


= ea i 
yok eoge « em 
ee cae a ee en aa ee ee : 
a Pe ia = he - AY fi cS ~ ane. = eye Coa 
ae “ . ne a eT eee 7 rs ee 2 eS ae SS care 
oe as Pee coals ae o> ae ~ Ante Late tooth 
’ ‘‘ o Pee ~ 4% rs . XN \ Se a ate Se Gs 
va aN fe Ne Se ee se (A \ Ye \ we See ; ern 
i ‘ ios ane Sans rie \. . - arta 
we iF ces, a ‘s - ane nis : \. pee os 
a | =< ee eo ne A \ \ § Sins, Se ee 
“eae ee 6 - Ss Ship ere . anes if ee 
’ Poste Lats toath. >... aac aaa \ ae ~ 
ee A 


2 “ay Ss * ee 
cardinal teeth aa ee. a 
i “SS. — Re ae 
Left Hinge x 5 ‘yest 
Ss, 
ae, 


, ee = Posterior superior Lat. 
eS ern 


see Ce 
Neen ne nae 5 —. 
ee s 

Ce | 


ee “SA 
R = = bag 
- ~~ = 


x os ' eee a \ “ > : " Ty 
Card) / tect : oe 
p/ teeth 


a 
a “\ s — “ 


ee ~ 
a eee 2 eee << 
7 NS eee me { ar 
ey NS ree ei = ea ~. 
Re ees ie ee a 
\ - 
oc 


| eet 
Poet inferior © 
lateral tooth 
Right Hinge x 5 


4p... 
‘MS 45 
Spee oye See ieee 
Unolaska, Aleutians, 6/1982 
Wed» Eyerdam Coll. Sandy outer beach 


Note~ this speca.; Ne oe 
\: 


had been broken! . ‘ 
& repaired, soi! | a 
this shape at 
anterior end may. 7 
not be typicell 
= , 
Left valve x 1 
Prete AR ENS 
eee 
eer ae = 
pee Te ee aN 
“ eS a = 
pee <= 


a Zo 

-~ Ae 
eee - 
¢ a 
x aa 

= \ Be ee 
~“ See er. 
S Pee Be = 
Pres Teese SO ses deg ee ae 
ee 

™~, a“ 

N 

~ 
eee ae 
er abana - De ae 


‘ 
cart 


a 
~) 


a 
= 
‘s 
Pal 
e 
ae 
oe preg Te 
Pe A 
we See epee 
hae er 
a : = 
eee - 
a2 
ree eke * 
m . 
a ta 
E 
ma ore 
WE we 
2 ees - 
FPS er 


Spisulx homphillis ( Dall), 1894 


Alemitos Hav Gey 


tocth 


t. Late 


erie j 
Ant. Late tecth 


/ 
Y 


right hinge x 5 


#44 p 1d 


Poste 


M8 455 


Late 


teeth 


ma 


#44 p 12 


Spisula falcata ( Gould) ,1850 MS 454 
Monterey, Calif. 20 fms. shale 8/1940 


oo 
Decieasie I J Sy 
_ aia a A 
ee “> a ae \ oe 
mes ae SS NN 
_ Ds 
oe a 
4 \ ~ 
Py \ 
/ as 
/ \ 
. \ 
\ left valve x 10 ( young specimen) > 
\ 


eee 


Anterior lateral tooth 
Proximal & distal portions 
xe je pata hd separated 
ie 
iN 


Anterior superior Late 


tooth 
-—— a a ™... 

a ee ee Ne 

ov A 7 +7 sai - > 

Pee ae wa Lf / 

ce é 7 oe 
ays Ta t en 

right hingov«-2 


Ante inferior 
tooth 


ie 
as 
a. 

tw 

g 


Spisula planulata ( Conrad) ,1837 
Morro Bay, Calif. 7/1936 


HT a als ges 


left valve x @. Proximal & distal portions 
See —— of Ants lateral tooth not 
ge a ee = completely separated. 


ee \ 
, i sy a | es 
ae 


pis — * bec ae . "e 
pee Se x 
x ™~ =~ . 


left hinge x 10. 
Prox. Ante Inf. Inte - 
tooth 


s oe 
me 
e 


Distal Ante Inf b. a 
litte touthe Pe 


right hinge x 10 


Spisula * dol,riforn 
Estero, Todos bantos 


10/1936 littoral sand 


ee 
ts : a ) NG 
Ve : NN, 
/ ‘ \ 
‘. left valve x 2 iN 
i 
\ 2 
2 aay 
_ =" ff 
~ ie 
a a oa 
oe : 
ee ee, 
rounded punctato = 
tubercle ; Peace Spur 
7s pee ee Proximel & distal 
= eee ee fs : 
Re ieee ee ae Po ~ porkions of Ante 
ae ot CC) eae . Late tooth is 
Bee a f Sy aN \ \ \ Lea pd ie ora ss oe. ~ ra oto 
a is i:? OS y BS — te \ Tima ay See nN yi : comple t & ly | 
a . ; eae ae a NaS Seer \ me separated 
a Leet in , ‘ae a : or : ae N \ we —o. mS 
“ : wat 2 ae 
af al 4 AX ou a \ ‘ ly ma j 
et ee a ES oo 
ae ee ae ie as ice SS ‘Ny { a ~ i. N i 
left hinge x 10 Pe es eee ~f 
Proximal Ante inferior a fees \ Ee ! > 
. ae . geen a mS ~ 
Late tooth \, as | 
~ af 
Distal Ante : _ von 
Inf. Lat. ‘ Seis. ligament area a. ee 
tooth \ < ~s vi Tate eeeeh > 
\ ‘ et = 5 
‘ \ e MS a We ve | 
\ . \ eee een ae _ 2 Hi 
\ ‘ eee Sa ear ne : 
\ pee ee as Phy Pa ~ . 
e Ae , | foe oe ee ra SH Ne S * a 
5 Z 7 oa oY ad ae 7] state: ee ~ ~ nae 
Cae i aed cae) aa 
be : oa ae v | 7. y, : cates Boe ” Cee a YS 
< = ; / { se ee - ‘| i. 
poe aye Ne 
7 Nie oe 
Cardinal tceth if — 


#44 p 14 
rmis® Conrad, 1867 
Ss Bay, Lowcr Calife, Mex, 
MS 453 


Chondrophore 


right hingo x 10_ 


#44 p 15 


és 
a 
Pa 
. ane 
- : 
1 
a 
‘ 
is o aN 
- ; 
~“ 
‘Ne, 
/ Ne 
Q ” N 
” \ 
‘ = ‘\ 
: a \ 
4 ral 
} fon ) 
‘ MU " 
\ | 
\ ‘ \ 
a 
‘ ‘ 4 
% ba a 
af & f My Be F; 
‘ a ue , me 
‘ ~‘. ac 
Sar oy . Ry - 
~ bat one a J 
N =. whi o. as jee Peat 4 
x ON ne ap at 
S: 
y We 
‘ ‘ 
“a, ad 
nae 2 
™~ 
Bors ae ba 
ee Pad 
Sic beres pecan pumas one 


Spisula dolabriformis Conrad 
Amers Journe Conche ve5, plel2, figel, 1869. 


( originnl figure of species) 


= 
4 
4 
ye \ XY 
i ae ., 
ae ‘ Ba sy 
Pam Sorat, 
HN MONS . 
me ASS 
. aens 
a c \ *S. - 
a Se TEN 
“ - 7 oa 
= oy 
N » 


x 
Nps Sf 
ei ao pn ee 
: er We rece a ~ 
Spisulg catiliiformis Conrad vi 
dmere Journe Fon ie VeS, plol3, figele ( 
. ¥ 


Mactra enlifornie¢n “Deshayes® Reeve,1054 
~- Spisuln deshayesii Conrad,1868. 


At 


#44 p 16 


\ / 
~ vA 
Mactre. dolabriformis ( Conrad), 1867 
Nautilus, WOE, Dieo; fife Ll 
as interpreted by Dall 
oe ae . oo . 
i 4 
~ } 
coe i eee 


TR ere: aor 


Scisula eatilliformis Conrad, 1867 
{bid figss 


#44 p17 
Before taking up our distributional study of the gonus Solsuln and 
its species, it seems logienl to consider the dolnbriformis problem, The 
opinions .of members and othor data will simply be statod without rognrd for 
Tak. horce 


eee eed ~ a 


the ae ip Salty given ns pans It wos figured in am. ie Conche ae 5, 
plel2, figel ( pe 108) but this figure secms to have been overlooked as I 
find no reference to ite Dall redescribed it and figured it in Nautilus, . 
mens (s.pe 68, ple 5, lst It is also mentioned in Nautilus, voee8, pedO « 

ouarova conte Gonraa' s description but does not figure ite Both Pack 
cerens Grant and Gale discuss the species but do not figure it. I find 
no other figure or description. It is difficult to tell what California 
shell Dall Dae in minds Conrad seoms to give a natural sized figures It is 
.105 by 75 mme® 

Mr. Strong’ 8 atntensnt ee outlines the question other than consid= 
ecration of which species Conrad intended to describe since his figure 
( sce figure on page 16 of these minutes) is thought by somo to figure 
two different speciesse In the preliminary discussions John Burch called 
attention to the fact that the large outer sholl in Conrad's origihal fige- 
-ure of Spisula | dolabriformis is a perfect figure of the shell we have 
been calling Spi Spisula hemphill#i Dall, 1894 and suggested that perhaps Dr 
Dall had entirely overlooked this Pare of Conrad's which appeared three 
years Inter than his original descriptions The descriptions also seemed 
to bear out the conclusion that dolabriformis is hemphillii and the species 
described as dolpbriformis by Dall without a name. Dall in his redescrip- 
-tion of dolobriformis ( Nautilus 7, pe 2188) ( also sce figures on pe 
16 of these minutes) statos for example " polished white under a dull brorn 
epidermis” which is just what we have in the species we have been labelling 
ee this name. On the othor hand Conrad's original description describes 
an ® epidermis yellowsolive" which is exactly whnt we have in the species 
we have been calling hemphillii Dall. However, it is interesting to note 
that both lire George, WHTTott and Dr. A. Myra Keen independently suggested 
that Conrad's figure ( see page 15) indicates a composite type and “that 
the smaller figure: inside.of the larger figure seemed to them to be of a 
different Sogee ces This observation 4s well stated by Dr. Keen ( Pere Comm 
Dec. 1944) ° Reviewing the problem of the Mactridae again, I think you have 
something, though I,wonder if the matter does not present 2 further comp= 
~lication, thusly: Tho original description of Spisuln dolabriformis Conrad 
1867, is as Mrss Oldroyd copies it}; with thé addéd discussion,” Somewhat 
like Mactra. exodeta in outline but less*elevated and not so ventricose,"~ 
The first firure, or rather, perhaps, figures, were published by Conrad in 
1869, Amer. Jour, Conche volyS, plel2, figele This illustration shows 0 
hinge of a right valve which seems. identienl to me with Dall's S, hemphillii 
in 1] respects; but it also shows the exterior of 1 left valve only nbout 
half as large, longer in proportion, and evidently less. Ventricose's This 
figure of 9 left valve corresponds pretty well with Dali's figure in Naute 
vole7,pl.5, figel, in his rodescription of Mactra dolabriformiss I wonder, 
therefore, if Conrad's original specimens did not represent two species, 
one a Mactra, the other a Spisulae This being the ease, one valve would 
have to be désignated by Some later author as the lecto=holotype. Accor- 
“ding to my notes, only one valve is oxtnnt, which 48 No» 51411 in the 
collection of the Aeademy of Naturnl Sciences, Philadelphia. If this is 
true, the concept of dolabriformis will bo fixed when we find out which 
of the Hue valves shown in Conrad's figure ( if oither) is representede 
Why -don't you write Dr. Pilsbry sa: it and ask him to make the comparisome 


#4 p 18 

If you have enough specimens of' fig Golabriformis Aucte to spare him one 
( The Academy never likes to return material), you might ask him to see 
whether or not this entity is one represented hy their typo specimen, 
Perhaps ho could lay off their typo on a picec of paper and make « tracing 
of the outline for you, tooe Until you oan get some such cuncrete ovidence 
your hunch remoétns just a Wo ea Ueives nad suspicions I doubt very much 
whather Dre Dall ever studied Conrad's type matorial, Cortainly he -gave 
no evidence of it in his discussions. Thorefore,he very well could have 
been wrong in his interpretation of the specios.® Dre Keen in another 
note. comments " The locality label ( on tho type at ANSP) reads © California® 
even though Conrad cited Panama as the type locality in his. description, ” 

in this connection it might be well to consider the fact that the 


‘specics we know as hemphillii Dall has in re¢ent years been collected in 


thé Panamic province ( Bycrdam from Corinto, Nicauragua), and it is there- 
-fore quite possible that Conrad had that spocics from Panaomas 

However, wo have tho additional complication in that the species: 
most of the members have been labelling Mactra dolabriformis is in fact 
a Spisula, This point is discussed by Thomas Ay Burch in the following 
note» 

"Nono of the spocimons that I have scon adequately fit the smaller 
sholl figured by Conrad os S. dolabriformis, but whnt we have been calling 
dolabriformis comes the closest to it, It is possible. that when Dall redese 
=cribod 8, dolabriformis ho described this smaller shel] and then deseribed 
the larver shell as 8S. hemphillii. Against this idea is your suggestion 
that since Dall Siig rie SHeaeyaEy carcfully hotweon Spisula and Mactra, 
he certainly would have realized that the shell under consideration is a 
Spisula_ and not a Mactras Still another point is that his type figure is 
not the shape of the shell we have been eslling S. dolebriformiss= for - 
that matter it is not the same shape as the smellcr shell figured by Conrad. 
in my opinion Dall did not’ cescribé either of the, shells figured by Conrad 
but rather figured a species of Mactra which I have not seen from this 
const. I also belicye that Conrad figured two species, one,of which we 
have been calling S» homphillii.and the other what wo have been calling 
Me dolebriformis, If this be true the name 8, dolnbriformis should be used 
for whichever one of Conrad's shells is still in cxistence ( if cither). 
If.only the small shell a8 founc, & hemphillii could sthll be used-for 
the large shell and Dall's description and figure of S, dolnabriformis 
should be ignored or given a new names 

if you take the opposite wiew and considcr the large shell as type , 
S. homphiliii would re a synonym , and what we have been calling dolabe 
-riformis would be without a namo. It scoms more intolligent to leave 
Dall*8 unknown specics without a name instead," 
( sce figures on pages 14,15,and 16 y 


Genus Spisula Gray,1837, Type ( by subsequent designation, Gray,1847), 
Mactra Solida (Le a 
~~ Wey, ligament sagittate, sect in a callous area close to the dorsal 
margin and not set off from the chondrophore by any shelly ricge; »"(Dall) 
Grant and Gale, 1931 as wellas many others consider Spisula a subgenus 
of Mactree Mr. George Willett states their position very concidely "Stes 
easy tc say thet a little shelly ridge differentiates Mactra from Spisula 
particularly if you take the other fellow's word for it and. do not try to 
{'ind it for yourself, Sometimes you find it, sometimes you don't", 
It is truc that this little shelly ridge is oasily, broken off and' 
not infrequently is lost causing a puzzle. However, it seems to be constant 


in fresh and well preserved specimens, 


HLA peg 

Subgenus Hemimactra Swainson,1840, Type liactra gipentea Lamarck #- Mactra 
solidissima Dillwyne Dall Secet most of our west coast. species of Spisula 
under this subgenus. Grant and Gale, 1951, pe 594 state that * Swainson 
characterized Hemimactrn as being of the general form of Mnetras but the 
cardinal teeth entirely wanting.” For this renson they Buiacned its u80e 
However, Dre As Myra Koen: ( Pere Comme Dece 1944) romerks ® The fact that 
Swainson was in error as to the presénce of cardinal tecth does not inwal~ 
~idate the genus or subgenus. Our’ édneept must be based on 1 study of the 
species which Swainson cites’ However, none of our west coast species that 
I have seen seem to havo the groovod anterior latornls of solidissima; 
perhaps Humimactra should be abnndoned on thet grounde a ae 
Section Mactromeris Conrad,1868— Type ( by subsequent designation Dall, 
1898), Me polynyma Bein pecne 

" Shell of moderate or large size, oveto, subtrigonel; berks more ant re 
-ilor than in Spisuln 6666; hinge with relatively smoll, short laterals, an 
ample chondrophore, and cardinal. tocth often. small but i formed." 


Se eee polynyma alaskana | Dall, 13945. =" ae Ocean at Cape itehumdey 
1921)3; north Japan, hee dyaiie aetanie and cS Ornoter Scan ( Behnene)) ae 
Iwo questions of taxonomy are involved here. In the first plsce is 
the variety separable from the typical Spisula | polynyna _ (Stimpson) ,1860 
( Checklist East-Const Shells; Smithsonion Nise. Coll, vole2, Art.6, now, 
pe3,1860) ( now name for Me ovalis Gould). dohnson: gives the range of the 
typical from Hudson Bay to 0 Cape ann and Goorges Bank, Masse In Nautilus, 
mole TPs 138 Dr. oe named the varioty alaskena AB eet ease northern 


Me eolen 2 which my ane tho nao of alaslunay* the “varloty 43 snid to 
ue pelnms s thoy 

at this time a Bet cae vee oe. Seat of nneencnusetcs ( 20 mis Ne i 
Thatchers Buoy), and also a set sent:me by Wed. Byerdam from Unalaska, 
Alcutian Télandse* They nre very close but we will retnin the west const 

NOMC » : : J 

However, if wo are going to use the varietal name nt all, there scems 
to be an argument there. Grant ond Gale, 1931, pe 395 state that * It 
appoars quite certnin thet varicty alaskena Doll and voyi ( Gabb) are 
identical °, If this is to be accepted the nomo would therefore be Callista 
voyi Gabby, Geols Surve Calife ‘Palncoe, vole, pe 24, pl.5, fis. 41,1866 — 
1s the Ata name with alaskann Dall,1894 in the synonynye The name would 
then be Spisula polynyma voyi ( Gnbb), 1866. Pre Ae Myra Keen has accepted 
voyi in the ' Abridrod ‘od Cheek L Tit + However, the type locality of voyi 
Ts Mioceno or Plidcone near Humboldt Bay below Benr River, Humboldt Coe 
and it seems that the burden of: proof should*be definitely upon those who 
wish to'establish n Recent namo with a Miocene namee | . 

Collocting datas: Reported from S. Ee Alnskna to Swikslink, Alaska Penn# 
“insula by Mr. George Willett with the comnent “ Apparently smoother and t 
thinner than polynyma"s Wachusetts Bay, Admiralty Ids, S.E. Alaska,1918; 
Izhut bay, Afognak Ide, 1922; Cordova and Sitkalidak Ide, 1931; Unakaska 
Id. 19323; and Raspberry Ice, Kodiak Group, 1939 ( W.d. yorcen) with the 
additional coment “ This species does not seem to be common at any place®. 
Chichagof Id. and Admiralty Ids. (° Stephens) / 

( seo figures on pe 10). 
Spisula homphillii ( Dall), 1894. Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burch) to 
Corinto, Niorurnagua ( Byerdam). Type locality, cant Diego, Calif. 

ark nts after the dolnbriformis discussion the status of this 
species is questionable. However, it is easily recognized and not uncommon. » 
Grant and Gale, 1931, ps 396 state of this " This large Mactra differs 


#42 p 20 
from cetilliformis in the long sntorior portisn of thu ohell, t.hich is 
concave in profile along a dorsal margin. The hinyo is of the same type 
as that of cat&lliformis , but the laterals are a little longer. Also, 
tho pallial sinus of ho omphill ii. is more inelincd upward .* 
( Scé figures on page 11) 

Collecting data; Our experience has been to find this a comparatively 
common beach shell all the way from Long Beach, Calif. to tho beaches 
below Ensenada,Mexico. Good living specimens are exceedingly rare but 
are occasionally washed in after heavy blows. We have taken half grown 
specimens living in Alamitos Bayand other lagocns but have never seen 
one of the huge adults other than from the open sca. The normal habitat 
of this species seems to be off shore in comparatively shnllow water. 
However, we have dredged it fromas decpas 25 fms. off Redondo Beach, Calif 
( One Corinto, Nicauragua ( Wed. Eyerdam) with the additional aomment 
" Specimens identified from U.S. National Museum are identical with specimens 
from Burch collected at Ensenada, Mexico. This is an extension of range 
of over 1,000 milese® Reported from San Pedro and Long Beach by the San 
Dicgo Muscume 


Spisula catilliformis Conrad,1867. " Neah Bay to San Dioro, Caldpe” (pedir 

The questions involved in this specific name are cont stated by tir. 
A.M. Strong ( Pores Comme Doce 1944), 08 follows; 

* This was described in Ames Jre Conche, vole3, 1867, pe 193. It was 
figured in am, Jre Conch. vole5, ple 13, figel ( pe 108). The type locality 
is given as Panama, This figure seems ie havo been entirely overlooked as 
I find no reference to it. Dall redescribed the specics in Nautilus, vol.7, 
pe 187 and states that nothing like it is known from Panama and the descrip] 
-tion would fit California shells. He states that it is M, californica 
of Carpenter but not of Conrad. The fige given by Dall is ple 5, fijred 
which I do not haves 

Oldroyd figured a shell, ple 24, from the University of California, 
quite different from that in the Jr» of Conch. She copies Dall's descrip-= 
“tion, not Conrad's as stated. Grant and Gale figure a shell fromthe fossil 
of San Diego which seems to ngree with neither of the above figures. 

Packard fijures a shell in Bull. Dept. Geole Unive Calif, vole9, pe 285 
ple17,18,19. These should be comparede 

A numver of Mectra have been Gescribed from Panama and vicinity since 
Dall's time so his statement that nothing likc.it is known from Panama is 
open to questions 

The next question is what Spisula californicn Carpenter is like. 

On page 613 of the Supple Rept,, 1863, he statcs ™ Conrad's types being 
lost, and his descriptions from very young specimens, a difficulty attends 
their identification. Dr. Cooper found very large valves ( resembling 
Schizothaerus ) in abundance, but much deformed by the entrance of sand, and 
npparently killed by fresh water by a great Tlood. The larger shells belone 
to two very distinct species, which are probably those of Conrad. On pe 640 
he lists 8. californica Conrad ( Not Deshayes) , large, Shaped like Schizo-= 
-theerus “nuttalli “Dut beaks narrowe This is ell the description I can 
finds. 

The shell we know as Spisula catilliformis is S. californica Cornet es 
( not Conrad) and all our descriptions ond figures are based on Carpenter's 
identifications. Applying S. catilliformis Conrad to this shell is open 
to questione If the nama can not be so used ur shell is Wave a namee 
The main trouble seems to have come from the fact that Conrad's ase deDe 
published two or throe years after the description has been overlooked." 

However, it is the opinion of the group that the sholls we are 
labelling catilliformis fit Conrad’s figure in all respects. Check 


tad p | 

the firures on pore 9 for our sholl with. the figurs | ont pane 15 for Conrad's 
original figure and on page 16 with a aes of Dell! 8 figures - In my 
opinion they are clearly identionl. ae a 

Collect&ne datas Our experience has heen i ‘tina’ his. CC mpee Siwy, 
rare species. We have picked up cecasional valves wishéd in on thé bcaecnes 
at a number of localities from Oceano, San Luis Ohispo ‘fo. southvarde It 
is not an uncommon shell fron Leong Beach south to Huntington - Beach althouzh 
good complete ‘epécimons: aro quite rarce We have taken halt’ ‘prov specimens 
living in alamitos Bay but like similer specimens ‘of demphilisi.- they have 


~ not*been of the huge sizo attained in the open sea. “( Burch)» RK Reported 


from Long Beach, San Quintin Buy, ond Ensonade Lower, ees in, the ove 
collection in ane San Diogo Muscume - . tthe 8 
Spisula faicees ( Gowle), 1850. Puget Sound to Cortes ‘Banica - nd, the Coron-= 
=ndo Islands (Dall). Typo lvenlity, Puget Sounce 

°° Grant and Gale, 1931 were Cisposed to rive the’ rane as. * Queen. 
Charlotte Islands “nd Puget Sound, possibly is far south xs Cape Mendo~ 
~cino but more: southorly reports probably erroneous e® This opinion has 


'.been rather prevalont because it simply did not secm reasonable’ thot. the 
:small shells-we cll feleate- in southern California coul¢ be, the same 


thing Gould deseribed “beiné 3 3/4 inches lone. None of the southern, 


' ‘shells: remotely approach that for sizee, There are s5mo excellent. firures 
‘Of Falenta reproduced in Oldroyd, ple20, figs 1,253.6, 


“Collecting datas Our’ exporicnhce has hean to find this 2 pea ecco 


“cormmoh off shore species with © bothymetrie ranye down to around 20 fms. 


_ preferring sand:bottome In southern California they seldom exceed an, inch 


in lengths Wé have dredged: it f rom’ Monterey south to Ensénadae( Rurch)3 


Alki Point, Seattle, ashe ( Eyercam); Coronado Beach a Emery) § San Diepo, 


i: Calif, ( ae a 


Gt 


( See ficures On Pe 12) 4 aoe ae i 


Epub menus Symnorphomactre Dall,1894~. Dre Pall ih 1894. ‘placed faleats “under 


this subsenuse In 1921 in Burls 112 he only places planulate undor rites 
Deseribed as having " Toeth of Mactrotomn 68e5e$ hinpe of of “Spisula® oe 

The opinion of the majority of the monbers is thet the subgenoric cistinc= 
-tions are to. small bo oscribes tei we shall not use theme 


Spisula planwthate ( Conrad), 1837. ioten Rees Calif. to Capé San lucas, 
Lower Colifv,( Dell). Type lceality, near Santa’ Barbara, Calif 

( Sse figures on page 13) 

The problems connected with this specific name nre stated’ by Mre AM. 
Strong( Pere Comme Dece 1944) ns follows: Spisula planuldta ( Conrad)* 
" This is one-of two species collected ot Santa Barbara by Nuttall and 
briefly described by Conrad in Ure Acade Nate Scie Philnae vole7, pe 240. 


Cxrpenter reviews, this paper, Repte 1863, 2nd says3 . ithe Work bears the 


—appearance-of unduc hnsto=-<= the descriptions being tin English would not 


hive been entitled to claim of precedence were it’nyt that thoy . wero Accom= 
“panied by tolernbly’ recognizable figuros." This partiéuler specics “does 
not seem to have beon figurode 

Carpenter applied the name to speeimens ceiieetea 1% Santa Barbara 
by Coopor, Ropte 1565, pre 615,640, but is not certain abdut it. Packard, 
vol.9, p. 295, says thet it is hot: of Cor sper and Carpentere Oldroyd fig~ 
“urea in Unive Washe Publ. Pugct Sound Biole. Sto.e-pse 60, ple 17, figse4-6, 
is stated by Grant and Gale to be a PC PrOdMc ELON of Packards illustration 
Of Me eee ’ 
but anes not state where it came an it evidertly was ae from a shell 
in the collection and he generally foliowed Carpenter's identifications. 


#44 p 22 

In spite of the many refcrencos in tho litereture no ono soems able to 
etate definitely what ole (“should take the name and the type is said to 
be lost. 

Collecting ae ‘88h Pedro, Calif, ( G. Willett); Morro Bay and San 
Pedro ( Dre HeK, Hill); San Diego, Long Bon gh ‘€-San Diego Museum); Morro 
Bay, Newport Bay, Anaheim Bay, Huntington Beach, Califs and Todos Santos 
Bay ( Burch’) oo 

a s 
Genus ASchizothacrus Conrad, 18535 Type ( by monotypy), Schizor Berus _ 
nuttellti ( Conrad). : hak eee 
7 © Shell ovate, oblong, ventricose, hinder gape roundish; hinge with 
t cardinal teeth small, lateral teeth very small, close to the cardinals; 
eae Baecrnals nereinele separated from the oartilago-pit by a ‘shelly 
late.® ( Gray's doecriition of Trosus) ( Grant and Gale). \, 
chizothasrus nuttallii ( Conrad), 1837. Bolihas, Calif, to’ Scammon ' Lage 
Soon, Lower Calif. Type loeality, near Santa Barbara, Calif. 
" The range of this species is somewhat confused by the fact that! many 
dorrespondents scem to have the typical reported instead of the varioty 
a) paxe Dre Ae Myra Keen ( Pere Oomm, Dece 1944) states the situation as 
follows: © Eric Jordan collected Schizothaerus nuttallii ot Scammyn's Lagoon, 
LC, We have specimens fromas far northas Bolinas, Calif, North;of that 
all the specimens I have seen are the short, high form with the’arched 
ventral margine- S» capaxe 3e capax ranges from Montcrey north to Kodiak 
Islands Although the ranges of the forms overlap, I haye scen no specimens 
that could be..said to be intergrades, so I regard thomas separate species Ad 

You will find on this page a tracing on the top half of eniactual 
Specimen of S, capax from Puget Sound. Below, at is a tracing of a specimen 
of typical S, nuttallii from Alamitos. Bay, Calif, The diffcrence in shape 
is upparonts 

However, this scems to be a mooted questions Mre Wede Eyerdam reports 
S. nuttallii as follows 3" Very common on most sandy mud beaches on Puget 
Sound at low tide mark. Said to attain a length of 9 inches in record spose 
-imens, The largest in my collection is Le 180 mm= He 120 mm, Reported 
fyom Craig, Alaska ( George Willett); Alsaka to San Quintin Bay and Fukika 
Javan ( Dre Fred Baker collection)» 

“This specics is unmistakable other than that perhaps the very young are 
oeer sionally puzzling, however, they take on the typi¢al form when quite 
small, The leng siphons connect the shell with the surface. of the mud or 
sande It usually requires a hole 2 fte or 8» in depth to get a good gpecimone 
It is a common species in all southern California lagoons, Alamitos, Anahein, 
Newport, Mission etee It is very abundant in Morro Bayp San Luis:Obispo Co. ey, 
And we howe. dredged living young and dead valves off Monterey in BO fmB. 

off Redsndy beach in ac deep as 26 fmse off Santa Monica in 20 fm6. 

( p. ‘ech ae \ 
Pavia thes rus nutteliid eepax_ ( Gould), 1850, Kodiak Island, to Monterey. 
his is the short, high, glolose form common in Puget Bound. { 

Osllceting d.ta: Port Orehard, Wash, ( Burch); Tacoma, Washe and Dall 
Ive, Alaska ( Gq Willctt); Sitkalidak Ide, and Throc Sts, Bay, Kodiak Ide, 
elaska, 1931 ( wed. Eyerdam) who comments ® iluch wider and more round shell 
then typical and is less exmmon® * My largest ppc stones are el eae oe 
Ic and sre Le 175 mme = He 150 mm, 

The fo ‘Lisving not: from Thomas Ae Burch: a Just finished Snsgane the 

cung specimens of S, nuttsll4i ( sev pe, 23)that we collected off the bait 
tonk among the Bryozoa-.t Santa Monica in’ "12/35/s Since they had everyone 
puzzled I think we.sh uld have.them_ine. Incidentally I think that the date 
these were collectad should be emphasized sifice it indicates that S, nuttallii 
spawns during December,“ 


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Soo co NO EASE ASO a #44 p 28 
Santa Monice, Calif. 12/1935 
Bait tank in Bryoson. M$ 458 


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Very young specimen peas ~~" deft valve x 10 


ie ee 
rae ~ 
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eat 


Schizothrerus nuttallii Conrad,1837 


me eee 


valve x 1 


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f 3/1941 


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#44 p 24 


hi 8. 510 


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The foliar ring note frem SHORE Ae’ _ourch is of esters in connection 
with the figures on poges 23 and p 24 * As I hope you can tell from the 
drawings, the chondrophore is separated from the lignment srea by a lamina 
1s in Mactrae ‘Tho hings. is. practically. identical with that’ os Mactra | 
enliforniens. In feet, if it was ‘nt for the radically different shaped shell 
I would think them the same genus" e 


Family. MESODESMATIDAE cs 
Genus Ervilia Turton,1822. Type (.by monotypy), Mya niténs Montague 

" Shell minute, oval, close; wartilage in a céhtral pit; right valve 
with . single prominent tovth’in. front and obscure tooth behinds loft valve - - 
with two obseure teeth; pallinl sinus deepe® ( Tryon SS. Concthe) 
Ervilia californiea Dall, 1916, " San Pedro, Califs to Magdalena Bay® ( Dai) 
fype Locality, San Pedro, Calif. The holotype is eee in the. oy to 
Pelecypod Genera by coenend Frizzelle ; 


Fomily MYACIDAE 

Genus Mya Linnaeus, 1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Children, 1822) 

Mya truncata Le 

“—“— Whell oblong, inequivnlve, goping nt the ends; left valve smallest, 

with « large flattened cartilnge-process; pallial sinus large® ( Tryon). 
Mya _truneoata Linnacns,17586 * Circumboreal. Arotic Oeoan to Bering Island 
on the westa nd to Bueet Sound on the east®-( Dall, 1921). Johnson gives 
the Atlantio range: as " Groenland to Hndenennacetee ° 

Johnson also lists no subspecies Myo truncata uddevallensis Forbes, 18466. 
Grnnt and Gale, 1931 discuss this on page 415. 

" this species is usuolly smallor and more irregular than arenarin , 
and can be distinguishod by its truncated posterior ond and its differently- 
shnped chondrophores® ( Grant and Gale, pe 415). 

Collocting datas Tacoma, Washes; Ketohikan Crate, Chiari, Alaskns; ( Ge 
Willctt)s; Vietorin, BeC. ( Lewis); Puget Sound, British Columbia, 1 nd 
Admiralty Ids. ( Stophens)$3 Fauntleroy Cove, peace le nnd Strait of Fuca, | 
Weshes Izhut Boy, Afognnk Ide, Raspberry Id., Kodiak Ide, Sitkalidak Id., 
Knight Ide, Mitrofanin Ide, Unimak Id, Akutan Ide, Unilaskn Ide, and Atka 
Id. ( Wed. Syerdam); .ls0 Tromso aaore Norway ( 1, Norberg); and coast 
of Maine (ee Lermond)3 
ityn truncata uddcvallonsis Forbes,1846, This subspecies is added on the 
records of Sur mombor cede bemoan who roports 2.8 follaws ‘s 
*" Izhut Boy, Afdgntk Ide, and Raspberry Ide, Alaska colledtdd by Wade Byor= 
~aome I have specimens from the type locality, Kapollbackarno, Udcevalla, 
west const of Sweden that correspond closely to the specimens from Izhut 
Baye This is a very truncatod varicty-.which is quite ‘distinct from the 
typical. It is also found on the east coast of Canada. This variety seems 
to be auilte rare on our coast and does not .seem to have been previously 
reported perhaps becuse ‘type speéimens were not oye e pie for ea 
Add this variety tothe list of west‘coadt shells" 

Miya jJaponicn Jay,1857~ .( Myn intermedin Dall 51898) ' ® Arctic Ocean to 
‘dapan ond to ltontercy, onlifornin: probably .nlso tAtlantic# ( Grant and 
Gale, 1931). fe, 

Dre Ae lyre Keen advises ( Pére Comme Deas 1944) " Myn intermedia 
Dati aieee homenym, so thet if the form is to be distinguished from arenaria 
the nane japonioa must be used or a new name proposede So far 1 have not 
reached 2 cee on the matter, though I have reviewed the problem sev= 
-oral times,” 

Grent ond Gale, 1931, p 415 consider jnpnnica a subspecies of arenoriae 
They also state though “ The form SEER distinguished from typical 
erenorin by its somewhst shorter. corrser.-rourher shell. Th is intearmndt to 


H44 p 26 
botween arcnaria ond truncate.” NMre George Willott stntcs " Shape much 
like arenaria but blunter ‘nteriorly; surfacc rough like truncata. 

Collecting data: Chignik, Unimak, Unalaska ( G, Willett); Nunivak Id. 
( Lowis); Muddy Beach, Alaska ( Coe Japan ( Lowe and Anderson collectims) 
Kiitap, hokkaido, Taoen ( Dre Fe Baker Colle); Wed. Eyerdam reports as 
follows : ® Drier Bay, Knight Id., Sitkalidak Id., Izhut Bay, Red Fox Bay, 
and Shuyak Strait, Afogneak Ide, Mitrofania Id., Undlaska Id,, Atka Id., 
Alaska and ivatoha Bayend Gulf of Kronstski, Kamchatkaes. colle by Wede 
Eyerdame Most of the specimens that I havo seen approach nearer to some 
forms of Mya truncata but are in the adult phase correspondingly much lars 
-ger end are much heavier or solid than arenariae There arealso distinct 
differences inthesinus and hinges in adult specimens, When I was at Petrop= 
eavlovsk on Avatcha Bay in 1928 I often dug these fine clams for a meal 
and when they were covked the Russians wero glad to cat them but cven tho 
many of them were half starved I never saw any of them digging these clams 
although the beds were in easy access and no effort required to dig theme 
I just figured that these Russians were too lazy to even try to keep from 
starvation when there was plenty of food at handy as there were plenty of 
fish in the bay and millions of birds on the water and nesting on the 
cliffs, I nover saw any of themeven attempt.to fish et that time, Whenever 
a Jap ship was in, tho crew was out on the beach eagerly digging olams," 
Mya_arenaria Linnacus, 1758. " Britain, Scandanavia, Greenland, Atlantic 
Coast of North America to Carolina, Alaska south to Japan and to Vancous 
-ver Island, British Columbia ( found in Indian mounds on Vancouver Island 
~ fide Oldroyd), artificaally introduced about 1865 from the Atlantic 
coast with sced oysters into San Francisco Bay whence it has spread along 
the California and Oregon coasts.” ( Grant and Gale, pe 412). 

Dre Ae Myra Keen advises about the species as follows ~ According to 
Don Frizzell, there is question as to the occurrence of Mya arenaria in 
the Indian mounds on Vancouyer Island. Where Mrs, Oldroyd ran across the 
statement is something of 2 puzzle; at least, I haven't found the original 
pounce The distribution of this group would make a nice prohlem for somo 
One u 

Collecting datas This clam is common on many sandy heaches of Puget 
Sounds When was it first introduced into this region or is it native? 
(Weil's Eyerdaun) 5 Empire, Orcgon3 Sinslau Re, Florence, Oregon; San Juan Idse, 
Sen Francisco Bay ( San Dicgo Muscum colle); perhaps the easiost way to 
get a large sect of this species is to buy a pound or two at Fisherman's 
Wharf, San Franciseo, or other markete( Burch). 


Genus Cryptomya Conrad, 1849, Type ( by monotypy) Sphenia californica 
Conrade , 
“Tike a smell Mya but without the long protruding siphons and con= 
~seguently with but © slight posterior gape and the pallial sinus obsolete 

or very Short; shell small, ovete, not vory convex; chondrophore similar 
te thet of Mya! arenarians intcrior of dorsal margins thickenede” ( Grant 
ond Gala. “Stic Mithors consider Cryptomya «a subgenus of Mya, 

Gee MacGinitic, © Ecological Aspects of a Calif. Marine Estuary", 
The American ilidlend Naturalist, vole 16, ps 730, Sept. 1935 gives a good 
necount of the habits of this specie and the reason it can live so decp 
with such short siphons. It is taken as deepas 20 inches. The siphons pro- 
-trude inta the burrows of such forms as Upogcbia,Urechis, and Callianassa .» 
Cryptomys californica ( Conrad), 1837, ° Chicagoff Island, Alaska and 
eouth to Pepolohampo, Mexico" ( Dall). Grant and Gale add, probably also 
Japine Typo locnlityy Senta Barbara, Calif. 

Dre As Myrn Koen calls attention to an interesting point * The des 
-cription of Cryptomya cnliforniea in Oldroyd is inc»rrect; actually it is 


#4 P 2k 
the original description of Cumingi+ enlifvrnica.” 

Collecting data: An interesting note on our experience with Crypto~ 
=-myo is that wo have picked up dead valves in our dredgings from deepor 
thin 50 fathoms off Redondo Bench, Calif. Valves wero not uncommon off 
Montcrey in 10-to 15 fmse We have found the specivs abundant in 1).]. bays 

and lagoonse It forms . definite stratum nlong the edges of tho lagoon 
at Mugu, Ventura Coe with the Heterodonox above it and other forms below 
ite But we have also found it living nll along tho open enast having taken 
it at Dana Point, La Jolla ete. ( Burch); Vencouver, BeC. ( Eyerdam); Dall 
Ide and Crnig, Alaska ( Ge Willett). 

Genus oo Turton, 1822, Type ( by subsequent designation, Gray,1847) 
Sphenia binghami Turtone 
EE nett like that of n small Myo, very thin, irregular in shape, the 
chondrophoro small, thin, oblique, practically characterloss." ( Grant and 
Gale, pe 419). 
eee Tee eae? 1857. ® Oregon to Mazatlan, Mexico” ( Dall,1921) 

Goliecting dates. ‘San Pedroy Calif. in 15 fmse ( G» Willett); Ensenada, 
IL.Ce in 15 fmse ( Burch ) 

Sphinia ovolidea Carpenter, 1864. ™ dAloutian Islands to Puget Sound and 
San Diego " ( Dall)e‘Type locality, Puget Sounde 

Collecting data: Craig, Alaske ( Ge Willett) ¢ Port ATaRerOnes Baranof 
Ide, Alnska in kelp holdfnast ( Wed. Eyerdam)3; we have spocimons takon off 
Friday Harbor, Wash, by Trevor Kincaid ( Burch ) 

Sphenia_trunculus Dall, 1915, San Dicpo, Calife to Panama® ( Dall). 
Type locality, Sin Diegos Mr» George Willett suggests that both trunculus 
and the following species pholadidea may be but situs forms of frag ragilise 
Sphenio pholadidca Dell, 1916” " Santa Barbara, Calif. ° ( Dall) and ACERT aa 
Montercy, Calif. (| Bumel is Typo’ locality, Santa Barbara. to Baulinas Baye 

Dre Ae Myra Keen is of the opinion that the following should be in 
the synonymy of this specicss Sphenin_ globuls Dall, 1919 3; S8phenia nana 
( Oldroyd),1918, which was described as Cuspidurin nana Oldroyd but is 
roally a Sphoni. a 

Colleeting data: Dredged off Montercy in 1937 anda lso in 1940 from 
. 20 fathoms station and 2lso a 35 fathom station ( Burch ); San Pedro, 
Calif. in 15 fmse ( Ge Willett); Mission Beach ( Orjala); Imperial Beach 
( Rindall). 

The Inst reports chango tho range of this species from the above to 
Bolinas Bay to Imperial Ronch, San Diego Coe 


Genus Platyodoh | Conrad, 18376 Type ( by menotypy), Mya _( Platyodon) can 
“collotn Conride. 

~ © Sholl like that of the typical subgenus but with a smaller chondroe 
-phore, on d sculptured with concentric ridgos formed by emphasizing tho 
growth lines; animal with armor ot the end of the siphons as in Mya trun= 
“cata, " ( Grant and Gale). 
Fintyodon | canccllatus ( Conrad), ‘1837. Queen Charlotte Ise to San Diego, 
Calif. Type Iseelity, noar Santa Barbarne 

Dre Ae Myra Keon ( Pore Comms, Dece 1944) "A couple of yearsa fo DeBe 
Qunyle of the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. sent us 3 specimons 
of Plnatyodon cancellatusthat he had taken alive at Tlell, Enst Const of 
Grahom Ie, Quocn Cherlotte Iss, which oxtonds the rango to 54 dogreeB Ne 


gee aa See ee ane ae Mad ¢ Nate vol.16, ee states 


FEA nee Nahe Oe reennas 


that of Wheeace it is Biases . Our Ree see hos been to find this 
species in elose proximity to beds of Pholads. We found it abundant around 


#44 p 28 
Terminal Island, Point Firmin, and the banks «ot the entrance at Anahgim 
Landing, Calif. ( Burch);Clallam Bay, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Wash. (Eyer- 
-dam) 1925.3; Point Loma, Mission pave Alamitos Bay, Duxbury Reef ( San Diego 
Museum) » 


Family ALOIDIGAE (COREULIDAE) 

the theory is that Aloidis Megerle von Muhlfeldt, "1811 must replace 
Corbula Lamarck, 1799 being preoccupied by Corbula Kodina,1798 for a diff~ 
~erent groupe The above from Cotton a nd Godfrey, | Molls,. of S,. Australia, 
Pe 261,1938 , but followed also by Dr. A. Myra Keen in “ Abridged Check 
List", Grant and Gale, 1931 continue with Corbula Bruguiere,1797. Dre Ae 
Myra Keon ( Per. Comm. Dec, 1944) states the question " The Corbula probl- 
~em is similar to the Lucina problem, the name having first been used by 
Bruguiere in 1797 at the head of a plate, with no named species. before 
it was validated by Lamarck in 1799, Roding used the name for a species of 
Asaphia. Whether Corbula can be considered a genus without species isa 
question that must be submitted to the Internitional Commission. Meanwhile 
either wo must talk about ® Corbula® or udopt the next available name, 
Aloidis. The lattcr course scoms preferable to me." 


Genus Aloidis Megerle von Muhlfeldt,1811. Type ( by monotypy), Corbula 
sulenti Lamarck «= ( Corbula ‘ula guincensis Muhlfeldt). 
~~ Dre Julia Gardner of the U.S. Geological Survey in Nautilus vol. 40, 
pp 43@44 has a detailed discussion in her article *® The Nomenclature of 
the Superspecific Groups of Corbula in the Lower Miocene of Florida®. 
Dre Gardner status that the type of Aloidis, Corbula sulcuta Lamarck, a 
Recent sholl from the coast of Senegal, is such  diffcrent shell when 
compared to species of Corbula or those we know as Corbula as to meko it 
distinct. Dall, Trans. Wagner Free Inste vole3, pted, pp. 836=56,1898, 
discusses paces and uses it as a Section of Corbula ses, distinguishing 
it as follows: * Like Corbula, but with strong concentric sculpture and 
keeled rostrum.” . oe | 

There is a differcnes of opinion on this matter as indicated above. 
However, it scems thit tho majority are in favor of the use of Aloidis 
until further noticce 


Sub genus oe Cristofori and vung 16526 Type ( by ua desig, e 
( Costa). fide Gra Gana Cane 931 , pe 421. 

“Shell noarly cquivnlve, elongate trapezoidal, with concentric 
seulpture on both valves, often rather fecble; ligament somotimes visable 
externally in a fissure near the umbo.?” 


Aloidis obesa ( Hinds), 1843, " Catalina, Calif. to Panama® ( Dall). 

Dre A.M. Keen advises “ The type locality of "co" obesa is Panama, 
Coast of Veragua, ond San Blas, or latitudes 8) 57' to 21 32'.® 
Aloidis fragilis ( Hinds), 1843. ° iionterey to Salina Uruz, Mexico"(Dall). 
The type Iceality i8 West Coast of Veragua, Panama. 

Collecting datas: Mazatlan, Mexico ( Strong). 

This specics is said to be larger thun luteola, thinner shelled, and 
with more prominent concentric sculpture. 
Aloidis luteoln ( Carpenter), 1864. ° Monterey, Calif. to Acapulco, Mexieo 
( Jordin, 1904) ( Grant «nd Gale). Type locality, San Pedro and San Diegoe 

A subspecics Cy lutcoln rosea Williamson,1905 ( Proc. So. Calife Acad, 
Scie 4:120) has been fenorally placed in the synonymy. Grant and Gale 
state " Pinkish or rosy-colored individuals occur indiscriminately assoe= 


#44 p 29 
“ioted with the volley form® and this hrs boon our exporience espocially 
with dredged 6pecimenbe <: 

Collecting datas Our experience in littoral collecting has been to 
find this speeies ossocinted with rocky rubble. It is common in certain 
localities and rnthor rare in others. We found it abundant at Dana Point, 
San Onofre, Bird Rock below La Jolla, the rocky.rubble north of Ensenada 
etc. And in more or less the same type of material we found it not uncom= 
“mon in the dredgings from off Redondo Beach, Calif. inas deep as 26 fms. « 
and off Ensenada, Mexico in Todos Santos Bay in about 15 t'mse. This is 
the only species we have ever beenable to recognize in our material, 
Aloidis porselin ( Dall), 1916. % Santa Rosa Island to Panamne® ( Dall). 
Type loenlity, off Lower Calif in 44 fms. 

Aloidis kelscyi ( Doll),1916. ° Estcros Bay to Catalina Islond, Calif.® 
(Dall). Type locnlity, Catalina Island, Calif. 


- Genus Grippina Dall,1912. Typo, Grippina californica Dalle 

* Shell slightly ineguivalve, donaciform, small, with 2 well-marked 
rounded, ascending pallisl sinus; right walve receiving the dorsal edge 
of the left in grooves beneath its owm dorsal margins; eardinal tecth 
two,large,sub-equyl, prominent, horizontally produced end fitting under 
the benk of the left valve; resilium strong, compressed, situnted between 
the two cardinols attached under the beak of the left vilve, ond having 
on its ventral surface 1 thin calearcous eonting or ossiculume® 
Grippina californica Doll, 1912. San Diego, Calif. to Guadeloupe Ide 
Type locality, off San Diego, Calif. ‘Strong and Hanna reported the specios 
from Guadoloupe Islande 


Family SAXICAVIDAE 

Some of the more recent authors have been using the family nome 
HIATELLIDAE having accepted the generic name Hiatella Daudin,1801 and 
placing Saxicava Flcuriau do Bellevue,1802 in synonymy... Among those 
following this proceeduro are, Cotton and Godfrey," Mollss of S. Auste®, 
1938, Powell of New Zenland, Dre Maxwell Smith in his recent World Wide 
Sen Shells ete. However, the majority of references continue to use the 
time honored name of Snxicava. It must be admitted that the advocates of 
Hiatella seem to make » rather strong cases Dre fe Myra Keen ( Per. Comme 
Dec. 1944) statos © Kennard, Salisbury ond Woodward in ® The types of 
Lamarck's genora of shells as selected by J.G. Children in 1823", Smith. 
Misce Colle, wole 82, noe 17, 1931 say, regarding Hintella: " He. Arctica 
( Myr arcticn Le) , sole species quoted by Lamirck, who admits he was 
unacquainted with the genus,2 nd certainly not one of Daudin's indetermin= 
enble two*, I toke it, therefore, that we may regard Hiatella as a genus 
dubium and continue to use Saxiceyn," : 


Genus Panorpe Menard,1807. Type ( virtually by monotypy, designated by 
Fleming,1818, as Poanope faujas Menard + iMyn plycymeris Borne fide A.Me 
Keene Grant and Galc sive Children's designation, 1825 of P, aldrovandi 
Menard. 

® Shell cauivilve, thick, oblong, gaping »t cach ends ligament ext= 
-ernal, on prominent ridges; one prominent tooth in each valve; pallial 
sinus ceope”™ ( Tryon 8.8. Conche). 
Panope pencrosn Gould,l850, Forrester Island, Alaska ( Willett) to 


Type locadity, Fuget Sounds 
The subspceics Pe gencrosa solida Dall,1898, type locality San Fran= 


A ee een Oe ees 


and has becn penerally placed in the synonymy of the typicale Dr. A.Ms Keen 


ele p 30) 

( Per, Comme Dec. 1944) ® As regards the subspecius proposed by Dall: I 
belicve you are correct in disregarding them, sirs. Oldrovd's description 
for Ps (. solide 16 sae eae as she accidentally ran instead the descrip» 
-tion of P, g, globosa, ths type locnlity,of ech is head of the Gulf of 


ee nt ree rn ee ee 


California. The type locality of solids is San ‘rancisco. The illustration 
she gives has mo baffled. It is obviously reduced, but if it were mngnified 
to the stated hcight of globose ( 120 mn.), the enore would bo 2e mme longer; 
than globose; if aaa height of solida ( 97 mn, it would be 30 
‘ma shorter than solida; if to the stated typical size of genvrosa ( 110 mm ) 
it would be’14 mi, shorter. Tho proportions of this illustration secm closer 
to what Dall says are typical ( Trans. Wagner. Inste voled, pe 831 ) -than 

to cither of the subspecics he describes. Possibly the shell was tilted 

‘in photographing and the figure distorted, ln othor words the figure ¢ivon 
as solida is of a shell proportionately shertcr than solica and longsr than 
globosn; it is nearcr what Dall seys is. typical generosa “but is slightly 
shortere The photograph was ‘supplicd by th. intional 1 iiase sum I think. Study 
of the type spccimen is obviously necessary," 

Collecting dautn: All who hnyo dug this specics out will approciato the 
renson why comparatively fow of thomarce sent carelessly in cxchanges, Thoy 
arc not rere but tho habitet is often s full ward below the surftace of the 
mud’ nnd to add to the difficulty it usually selucta locations having such 
a laose nature that the hole fills es rapidly as dug. 

According, to MacGinitic the siphons of this species constitute at least 

+ the entire weirht of the clam shell included, 

Our expericnce has been to find it very obundent in Morro Bay, San Luis 
Obispo Coe and in most of the beys and lagoons south to Nowport Beye It is 
not uncommon at hugu, Venturn Coe 

An’ intcresting note om this species is the fact that in places while 
drcdging off Kedondo beech on the gravel bods ranging betweoan 20 and 25 fms 
we would occasion:lly bring up dredge hauls composed almost cntirely of 
well presorved dead valves of this species, They secm to be in colanics and 
when we hit them wo simply picked our other specimens out of a bushel or 
more of Fanope valves. It is not uncomion in some of the Pleistocene deposits 
such ns ‘idmm’s Pt. ( Burch). 

Reportec from Budd Inlet, Mason Coe, ond Port Orchard, Wash by Wede Eyerdam e 


4 


+ 


Genus scl eae elves ( by no DOE | pe peEe ee Spengler. 
the eee in cach wee. ‘the parity ine of ee rounded eer 
tke aninal layer than the: shell, with large, united siphons, diverging 
slirhtly at the tips and covered with a wrinkloc coriaceous epidermis; a 
‘ burrower in mucnna gravel, never perforatiny: stonas.® 
: ve eas Id. ,Sitkalidak,Seldovia,Ala. Vic. BC 
Pongnva turpic a Dall, 1916-6 nalaskn to the Schumoaein Islands, Alaska® 
: ‘CTell). ‘Type loeslity, Popoft eae in the Schumigin group; Alaska. 
Willett, Ge, Full. Sow Crlif, Acad, Scis, vole 36, noe2, pe6l states 
A&A stuay of “lasken specimens of Panomya in the writer's collection appears 
to incicate that there has been o rathor gcneral confusion of this spocies 
with Fe empls Dali. Dr. ball's illustration of ampia ( Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. 
ad, 1902S 0IV40, tigs.t,4.) certainly does not represent the same shell 
thiet Olcrove ( Stanford Unive Publ. Geol, 1, 1924, pl.l0, fig 3), and Grant 
and Unie ( ope cite ple2l, figs. 10a,10b) figure as that species, I have not 
Svcn tla specimens upon hich the recorcs of ample from Deadmans Island 
( Arnold, oe cits p 123), md Tim's Point ( Clark, op. oe pe 30) were 
boSou, However, examples sccured inthe latte ar locelity b Mirse BeM. Clark 
and John Q. and Tom bureuw are not empla, but nusrer to, if not identical 
- with, turgids,16 fipurea by Dall (U\S. Nat. Mus, Bull. 112, 2921, pl.c, tige2 


i 


ce ae fA. jeper at 
«a, Ampla is vory.jrrepulan.in outline, being broadly truncatod at, one end and 
, rather pointed, xt the ether, while turgidn *is much more ogquilatoral.® 

Grant and Gale, 1931, pe 426 list Panomyn arcticn (: Laniarck '),1819. 

They 2lso cansider Panomya, a subgenus of f Ponope.e Dall sugcosted that turgida 
may be a yaricty of arctica, Grant and Galo give Dall's range of ‘arctica 

as " Arctic and boreal 8 cas of both hemispheres, on the Pactfié south to 
ttho Aleutians, and in the Atlantic in cold decpwater to thé Meddterranean.® 
.(. Da11,1898). Johnson gives the Atlantic roange as " Arctic Ocean to Georges 
‘Bank, 25-115 fms.e. Circumpolar." 

Collecting data: Forrester Island, Alaska in 50 fms. ( G, Willett); 
Victoria, British Columbia ( Lewis); Sitkalidak Id,, 1931 and Scldovia, 
flasks 1932 — ‘Extended range about 500 mides eastward. 

Panomys beringiana Dall, 1916, *" Eastern Bering Sea" ( Dall). 
Typo locality, nenr Pribiloff Islands in 56 fmse | . 

Collecting data: Unalaska Island, Alcutinns. ( Eyerdam,1932) 

Panomya ampla Dall, 1898, " Arctic Occan, Alvutinn Islands, southeast to 
Pupct Sound® ( Grane and Gnle)e Dre A. Myre Keen advises * The type locality 
of Fonomyn ampln is Kyskn Harbor, according to tho holotype label." 

Collecting datas Craig, 30 fimse 3; Forroster Island, Alaska in 40 finse3 
( G. Willett) with this cee note ® 1 belicve Puget Sound records’ 
apply to turgida not ampla." Sitka, Alaska ( Oldroyd). Reported from 
Fridny Harbor, San Juan Ics., Wash by Eyerdam. 

: \ 


Genus Cyrtodaria Reuss,1809.. fide Grant and Gale,1931, p. 429 

Type, ( fide Dxll],1898), Cyrtodarin siliqua Doudin. ; 

" Shell oblong, gaping st each end; posterior side shortest; ligament 
large and prominent; hinge thick, vithout tecth; epidermis black, extending 
beyand the sas ata anterior muscular scar long, pallial One aed irregular 
slightly sinuated.” ( Tryon 8.8. Conch.) 

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker,1862. § Arctic Ocean and south to ‘Norton Sound, 
Alaskn, Also on the west eae of Greonland® ( Dall).’ Type locality, creas 
-lond. Dr. Ae Myra keen advises on this specics "Mrs. Oldroyd's statement 
of dimentions is incorrect. It should read, Long. 35; LongetAlte :Crass.-~ 
190340228." Dickson's Haven, Ns Siberia nes fmse clay, Vega Expd (Eyerdam) 
Genus jSoxinarolla lertens, 18856 Type, My. plicata Montague 
¥ Shell equiralve, incquilateral, flaring,oval,transverse or sub-trape-= 
~zoidal, obliquply anguler in the rear; hinge Socomiee edentate or showing 
on the right volve, cardinal tcoth, fitting into corresponding cavity in 
left yolveg ligsment short, prominent, ee line eoery. oer Sinus 
very wide, not doche® 
Snxicnyeiln. pacificn Dell,1916. " Redondo beach, Calif. ‘( Burch) to Todos 
Srnios Bay, Lover. C Gari fornia: ( Burch). Dr. Dall deséribed the species 
from pti Son Dioro an Lol io chose and listed it in Bull. pe only’ from 
, the trpe locality. 
9 rliccting data: Dredged in. apout 75 fathoms off Redondo’ Beach, Colif. 
ond s.lse: in aLout 50 fateoms off Todos Santos Islands, Lowér Calif. (Burch). 


Y 
e 


Gedus Snxiceva Flgurinu de Bellevue, 18026 Type ( by subs soquent designation 
Children, 18 2a it tlus rugosus Linnaeus, 1767. fide Grant and Gale, pe 427 

"shod ancma cure symmetrical, with two minute teeth in each valve; 
ndult tugosc, toothless; oblong, oguivalve, giping, lignment external; pall- 
einl linc sinuatec , not continugus. It’ is found in crevices of rocks and 
ee sniongst the roots of seaweed, or burrowing in. imestone and shells 
( eu 8.S. Conch je | 


#44 p 32 
eeeicacrt arctica ( Linnacuc), 1767. *% Aretio OVosan ta Patemas djpee Ablan Ci 
( Dall). Johnéon gaves the Atlantic renge " Greenland to the West Indies". 
; About the only problem with this genus is the occasional difficulty 
in separating arctica from pholndis. Grant and Gale, 1931, pe 426 state 
that arctica has been figured ag having welldeveloped spines in two radial 
series running from the umbonnl region, but the spines may be ohsolete on 
eroded or old specimens, Saxiciya pholadis is smoother and, lacks the spines .« 
and of -pholadis “ It is cdentulous, strongly concentrically wrinkled and 
spineless. It is gencrally much less quadrate than nretica and differs from 
the latter in the edentulous hinge." rey, Suggest that at the two may belong 
to one very variable species. 

' Collecting data: To list collecting locnlities -for this very common 
specics would be a wasto of paper. It is a nustler and to be expected in 
wharf piles, dead shells of all kinds, Mytilus beds, in pholad holes, barna- 
-cles, rock crevices, kolp holdfasts etc. Our experience was todredge it 
consistently from some rather surprising depths. It is common off Monterey 
in all depths down to past 40 fathoms and off Redondo Beach is a common 
species in the 25 fathoms gravel. ( Burch); very common in Puget Sound. 
at many stations in alaska,Alcutian Islands md Kamchatka. I also havo it 
from Kelas Fjord, arctic Russin,Waigatch Islends, N.W. Siberia in 60 fms, clay. 
Tromso.! jord, Norway and fossil from Uddevalla, Swedish west coast(Eyerdam) 
Puget Sound ( Ge Willett); Forrester Island, Alaska ( Willett); Angeles Bay, 
Lower Calif. ( Lowe). 

Saxicava pholadis ( Linnacus), 1771. “ Arctic Occan to Panama3 also Atlantic® 

( Dall). Johnson gives the Atlantic range © Greenland. Circumpolar. ® Type 

locality, Greenland. : 
Collecting duta; We havo found it abundant around San Pedro Bay in 

wharf piles nnd particultrly old drawn piles. It was a common dredged shell 

off iontersy in the shale in 10-20 fathoms ( Burch); Sitka, Alaska ( Willett); 

Sen Pedro, Monterey, Santa linria Bay, Lower Calif. ( Lowe); many stations 

in Puget Sound and in Alaska and Kamchnatkn.. ( Eyerdam). 


Family PhHQLADIDAE 
Genus Pholns Linnaeus,1758. Type ( by enpeeenene designation, Children, 
1822), Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, fide Grant and Gale,1931, pe 430. 

Grant ond Gale }Iaced our Barnea pacifica Stearns in tae above genus 
and made Barnen Risso,1826 «a subgenus of Pholas. This was at first accep-= 
-ted by Dr. Aeli.e Keon in ® Abridged Check List™. However, this has not 
been goncrally acccpted. Barnea lacks the anterior gape of typical Pholas 
and diffcrs in other particulars. Dre ie hivrn Koon ( Per. Comm. Dec. 1944) 
states “ I accepted Pholas xs the correct generic nome for our westcoast 
forms because when I tricd to sort out tho.various cxotic species on the 
basis of presence or sbsence of anterior gape, there seemed no clear cut 
sube;rcups discernibl.. Therefore, I concluded that we should adopt the 
carlicst name. However, inso doing, I overlooked the matter of the accesse 
-ory Slates. Upon roeshutfling our material on the basis of accessory plates, 
I find the story quite different, The only true Pholas of the West Coast 
sucws to be the P. dilccta Filsbry and Lowe, from the Panamic fauna, The 
Bpvcics pacificn, hiving only one median Beco EsOry valve, falls in Barnoae 
Jordan collected Bsrnca pacifica at Seammon's Lagoons” 


Genus Barnen ( Leach) Risso, 1826. Type ( by monotypy), Barnea spinosa 


Ka. sos - Pholns ecancidus Linnacuse 

P'shell o ovel=oblong, anteriorly gaping, a single lanceolate dorsal 
accussory valve; umbonal process reflexed, closely applied." ( Tryon). 
Earnea pacifica Steurns,1871, ™“ San Francisco Bay to Scammons Lagoon, Lower 


een ee pn 


Calif. (Jordan). ‘ype locality, San Francisco,Bay. 


HAL p 3S 

Collecting dats: Our experience has been to find this species much 
less common than the other large pholads in southern California. We dug 
them out of the soft shale in great numbers in the old lagoon at Playa del 
Rey in 1937 but that has since beon cut off from the ocoannnd the locality 
destroyed. jnother very common place to get them was the north bank of the 
antrance at Anaheim Landing,and again the new government project there has 
cut that off. Of course, dead valves was in frequently fromthe off shore 
reefs at many localities and particularly between Seal Beachond Huntington 
Beaches We haye teken a few in Newport Bay.» ( Burch); Anhheim Bay, Calif; 
San Folipe and Guaymas, Mexico ( Lowe); 


Genus Zirfaea Gray,1842. Type ( by subsequent designation, Gray), Pholas 
crispatus Linnaeus. Grant and Grle,1931, pe 432 made this a subgenus of 
Pholas. This has not been generelly accepted. 

™ Shell oval,cardinal margin scarrmely reflected, no accessory valves, 
the beaks protected by a membrane; usunlly a thin fugacious epidermis; 
anteriorly greatly gaping.” ( Tryon). 


Zirfaea pilsbryi Lowe,1931l. Nautilus, vole 45, noe2, ppe 52-57, pled, 
figs. 1 & 2, Oct. 1931, This is a new name for Zirfaon gebbi Tryon, 1063 
which, according to Lowe has a type identicel to Py “penita co Sone me cenen 
Deshayes. Lowe redescribed the species mand it is wellfigured. ~Trpe local~ 
-ity, Bolinas, Calif." Bering Sea and islonds south to Son Dicgo,Calif.® 
{ Dall), to Scammons Lagoon, Lower Calif, ( Jordan). Japnne( Oldroyd). 

Collecting data: A very completeand interesting account of the life 
history and habits of this species is given by G.E, Ifac Ginitie, The Amer- 
-ican Midland Naturalist, vol.el6, ppe 731-755, Sept. 1955. 

Our experience has been to find this species rather common boring 
in soft shale in San Francisco Bay, Playa del Rey, Ansheimn Bay, Newport 
Bay, to the Estero below knsenada, Mexicoe Dend valves wash in by the 
thousands along the coaste ( Burch); Puget Sound ( G. Willett); Smith's 
Cove, and Alki Pt., Senttle, Washe and Port Orchard, Washes én heavy blue 
clay. ( Wed. Eyerdam). 


Genus Parapholas Conrad,1849. Type ( by monotypy), Pholas cnlifornicus 
Conrade ae 

* Shell oval-oblong; anterior gape closed by a thin, swollen,globose, 
callous plate; valves oqual, divided by two radinting grooves into three 
portions; two dorsal valves.” ( Oldroyd). 
Parapholas californica ( Conrad),1837. Coos Bay, Oregon to San Diego, 
Calif. Type locality, San Diego or Santa Barbarae Dre As Myra Keon advises 
( Pere Comme Dec. 1944) “ Dall reported Parapholas califorhica at Coos Ray, 
( Nautilus, vol.ll, pe 66); however, this may be on errore 1 found lerge 
Pholadidea: penita a few miles north of there that looked remarkably like 
Parapholase 

ollecting data: San Simeon, Uauyocos, White's Poiht, Playadel Rey, 
Annhoim Landing ( Purch); Ssn Diego, San BCeRO Laguna peache Pt. Firmin 
( San Diego Museum); 


Genus Pholadidea Goodall in Turton, 1819. Type ( by monotypy),Pholadidea 
loscombinna Goodall== Pholas papyraceus Turton ( fide Grant and Gale) 

Shell with a double or single protoplax and with or without other 
accessory plates, the valves prolonged posteriorly into leathery or testa-= 
ceous cups or a tuve ( siphonoplex) protecting tho siphons.” ( Grant & Gale). 
Pholadidea penita ( Conrod),1837. Chirikoff Islands, Alaska to San Diego 
(D2ll,1921). Type locality, near San Diego or Santa Barbarae 


| # 44 p.34 

Granta nd Gale, 1931, pe 434 state * This specics is close to Pe owidcen 
( Gould), which is shorter, more ovoid, and has a vacant space between 
the umbonal priate and the umboe In ponita the plate is closely appressed 
to the umbo." 

Collecting data: The. typical of this species is common the length of 
the coast and easily chiseled out of stores of varying hardness, 1 list of 
collecting localities would be a waste of paper when this specics may bo 
taken almost*cvory place thore are rocks. ( Burch); Alki Pte, Scattle and 
Port Orchard, Wash. in clay-shale ( Eyerdam); 

However, there has been a great deal of dispute about the subspecics. 
Pho Ladidea penita concamerata ( Deshayes), 1839, Bering Sea and Islands 
South to San Diego, Calif. ( Dall). 

There are two very clear figures of this species in Oldroyd, pl. 22, figs. 
4 & 5. By checking against the descriptionand these figures we thought we 
knew concamerata and listed it from Puget Sound,and especially from the 
shale dredged off Monterey, Calif. However, Dr. A. Myra Keen compared our 
Monterey species with the types in the National Museum and classified them 
as the following species. Dr. Keen (- Per, Comm, Dec. 1944) writes ° I 
believe. that Pholadidea penita concamerata is a synonym of P.-penita. It 
is simply a form with extended flaps at thé posterior margin. is far as I 
can observe, such specimens can be found dnywhere within the range of pm ita 
At best it is probably only an ecologic form. The type locality is not 
Monterey. It is " Californie”. 
Pholadidca penita sagitta Dall, 1916. " Puget Sound to Socorro Island” ( Dall) 
Type locality, Monterey, Calif. 

We know of no place where a figure of this species is readily available, 
Dr. Keen advises us that this is the name of the predominant form of penita 
dredged up with the shale off Monterey, Calif, Dr. Keen writes ( Pers Comme 
Dec. 1944) ™ Below is a tracing of the holotype of P. sagitta ( No. 65512, 
U.S. Nat. Mus., type locality Monterey. The suthor is Dall, not Stearns.” 
The species is reported from Tacoma, Wash. by Mr. G. Willett. 


raat RN 
or a ene ce 
/ ey 
Bp oe 
ye 
> vv 
a ene 


Pholadidea melanura ( Sowerby),1834. ® Redondo Beach, Calif. in 40 fms. 
(Dall) to Colombia. Type locality, Monte Cristo, Colombia, 

There are two very clear figures of this species in Oldroyd, ple 22. 
figs. 9,10. Over a periad of seven or eight years we dredged a great many 
tons of material from around the forty fathom level on all points off Red=~ 
~ondo Beach, Calif. Wo dredged penita on countless occasions, typical pmnita 
which could not be distinguished from the same species taken littoral. Gver 
this period we searched dilligently for anything resembling melanura without 
success. It is our opinion that this record is based on a misidentification. 
( Burch). Dr. A. hiyra Keen states " It is very doubtful if P. melanura 
occurs in this province,” 

Pholadideca ovoidea ( Gould),1851, * Bering Sea to Gulf of California” ( Dall) 
Type locality, Montcrey, Calif. 

Collecting datas In addition to the unmistakable short ovoid form o& 
this species our experience has been that the tubercles on the siphon ar 
peculiar to the specics. We have taken fine specimens from the stones at 
Monterey, Cauyocos, Morro, Pt. Firmin, Anaheim Landing, Whites Pt. etc. ( Burch 
Kalalok,Callam Coe, Washe; Sitkalidak Id. & Knight Id.,Alaska ( Eyerdam); 

Pt. Loma, San Diego Co., and San Mateo Co. ( San Diego Museum Coll.) 


#44 p 35 

Pholadidea parva Tryon,1865. San Francisco, Col ifs to Scammons Lagoon, 
Lower Calif. Type locality, Lower Calif. in Haliotis. 

In the discussions of this species the following note was made by 
John Burch © This species is figured in Oldroyd but not clearly and it is 
not easily distinguished from a small penita in my opinione How may they 
pe easily separated?". In response to the sbove the following statement 
was given by Dr. A. Myra Keen ® Probably the easiest way to tell P. parva 
from Pe penita is to be aruitrary and say that if you found it in Haliotis 
it is parva ( that is, if it is'nt a Navea) ,and otherwise it is penita 
( or mayne jaybe Sagitta)." Mr. George Willett comments * Probably a form of 
penita." 


Subgenus Nettastomella Carpenter,1865. Type, P. darwini Sowerby ~~( P. penita 
Tryon, not Conrad). i 

" Like Pholadidea, but small, with the siphonoplax prolonged as diver= 
-ging flaps.” ( Dall). 

Pholadidea ( Nettastomella) rostrata Valenciennes,1846. " Puget Sound to 
San Diego, Cailife™ ( Dall). Dr. As Myra Keen ( Pere Comme Dec. 1944) states 
" The type locality of P. rostrata is Monterey, according to the holotype 
label; the holotype is (or was) extant in Paris and was discussed by Lamy 

( Jour. de Conchyl., vol.69,1925, pe 153). " " I notice that Lamy places 
concamerata in the synonymy of penita and mekes sagitta a variety of penita.” 

Collecting data: This unmistakable little species is well figured inn 
Oldroyd on two plates and four figures. We have taken it frequently, from 
stones at Monterey, San Simeon, Cayucos, Morro, White's Pte, Balboa Break~ 
-water.e ( Burch); Friday Harbor, Wash. ( Eyerdam); Laguna Beach, Sab Pedro 
( San Diego Museum 6Bolle). 

Genus Martesia ( Leach) Blainville,1824. Type Pholas striata Linnaeus. 

* Valve lengthened behind aca full-grown, by & plain border; umbonal 
valves one or two, dorsal and ventral margins often with narrow, accessory 
valves; surface impressed with one or more furrowse" ( Tryon) e 

Dr. A. Myra Keen advises “ The specimen of Martesia used for the illus< 
~tration in the Pelecypod Key is in the California Academyand came from 
Lower California, I believe, collected by Hemphill.® 
Martesia xylophaga Valenciennes,1846,. % San Francisco, Calif. to Panama® 
( Dall). From the statement in Oldroyd it seems that this species was 
named and ffigured but neyer described, 

Martesia intercalata Carpenter,1855. " Farralone Islands to Mazatlan, Mexico" 


(Dall). Type locality, Mazatlan in Spondyluse 
Collecting data: Long Beachand San Pedro ( Lowe); 


Genus Navea Gray,1851. Type, Navea subglobosa Gray. 

"Shell sub-globose, closed behind; anterior gape very large, not olosed 
up by ape; edge reflected, crenulated; valves with a sunken sub-central rib; 
anterior dorsal edgereflected and closely appressed to the outer surface of 
the valve; dorsal muscles covered with a coriaceous periostracum, and with 
a small, transverse posterior valve placed behind the umbos; internal pro=- 
-cess simple, elongate,arched.® 
Navea subglobosa Gray,1851. Lobitas to San Pedro,Calif. Type locality, Calif- 
~ornin in a shell. Dr. As Myra Keen ( Per. Comme Dec. 1944) @ The type 
locality of Naven subglobosa is " California in a hole ina shell®. The 
range seems to be San Pedro ( Oldroyd) to Monterey or possibly to San Mateo 
Coe ( Lobitas as Dall states it). It is fairly common in the abalones taken 
at Montereye The globose form, the heavy anterior edge,and the lack of plates 


#44 p 26 
distinguish it from Pholadidea, Also, in the apecimens I have seen, tho 
myophore or styloid apophysis is weak or absent." 
Collecting data; Great numbers off Monterey, Calif. ( Burch); Cayucos 
( Chace ) : 


Genus Xylophaga Turton,1822. Type qpnoenee dorsalis Turtone 

-* 8hell like that of Tetedo, but with a double protopkax and the internal 
apophyses obsolete; soft parts contained within the .shell, without callun, 
siphonoplax, or calcareous tube. There is somatimes a calcareous lining to 
the excavation made by the animal, according to Fischer, but none of the 
borings I have seen from this animal exhibit ite" (Daly) 


Xylophaga mexicana Dall,1908. “ Monterey, Calif. to Acapulco, Mexico® 
Type locality, off Kcepulleo: Mexico in 141 fathoms, 

Collecting data: Our experience has been that when we picked up picces 
of wood in our dredged off Redondo Beach we were likely to find Xylophaga 
boring in it. We picked it up rather frequently with tho 25 fathoms gravel 
material.( Burch); Catalina Island in 30 fms, ( Ge Willett); Smith's Cove, 
Seattle in 10 fms. from piece of waterlogged branch in mud ( Eyerdam). 
Xylophaga californica Bartsch, 1921., Proce Biole Soce Wash. 34332. 

Type locality, Pt, Pinos Light, Calif. Kange Pt. Binos Light to Catalina 
Island ( Willett). . 

Collecting data: Catalina Island in 30 fathoms ( G. Willett). 
Xylophaga washingtona Bartsch,1921. Proce Biole Soc. Washe 34:32. : 
Type locality, San Juan Island, Wash. Range: Puget Sound, Departure fey, 
British Columbia,and off Oregon and Washington. 

Collecting data; Olga, Wash. ( from Engberg- G. Willett). 


Family TEREDIDAE he: 
Genus Bankia Gray,1840, Type, Teredo bipalmulata Lamarcke 
“ This genus is characterized by having pallets consisting of a series 
of coneein=cone structires, which give to them the appearance of.an ear 
of wheat" ( Bartsch, 1922). 
Bankia setacea ( Tryon), 1863, ® Bering Sea to Gulf of California” ( Dall). 
Unalaska to Lower Californias 
Collecting data; Craig,Ketchikan, Seward, Alaska ( G. Willett); Drier 
Bay, Knight Island, Alaska ( Eyerdam); Crescent City, Calif. ( Chace); 
Crescent City, Calif. and Victoria, B.C. ( San Diego. Museum.) 


Genus Teredo Linnaeus,1758. Type Teredo nayalis Linnaeus. 

* In this genus the pallets are either paddle or spoon shaped. They 
may be distally cupped or not, or they may even bear a calcareous knob at 
the terminal portion" ( Bartsch,1920). 
Subgenus Terede 6¢8¢ 

* Teredo has the pallets paddle~shaped, with a decidedly eup~shaped 
depression at the distal end. The distal portion is cogered with a dark 
periostracum, which terminates inthe shape of two lateral horns® Bartsch,192?2 


Teredo beachi Bartsch,1920, Proce Biol. Soc. Wash. 34:29,30. Type locality, 

San Pablo Bay, Calif. | 

Subgenus Teredops Bartsch,192l, ere Teredo ( Teredops) diegensis Bartsche 
* In the subgenus Heredeua the terminal portion of the pallets ends 

in a calcified knob.® ( Bartsch, 1922). 


(#44 p 37 
Teredo ( Teredops) dierensis Bartsch, 191 n * p 
eae . perme ——_ wade ted eee 6. S Dic 

Bay” Type locality, San Diego, Calif, an Diego to San Francisco 


Collecting data:Taken boring in wood in th 
aleo in San Pedro Bay, Calif. ( Burch) / ia ae ec 


Bub genus Lyrodus Gould, 1870. Type, merece y pytovue, a 
In this eibes nue the terminal portion ts not cupped, but ends “im 
twn lateral forks, covered with a periostracum.” ( Bartsch,1922). 


Teredo ( Lyrodus) townsendi Bartseh,1922. ® A Monograph of the American 
Shipworms™, U.S. Natl. Museum, Bulletin 122, pp 26,27,p1/22, fige2, pl.» 
33, figez, 1922. 

Type locality, South San Francisco, Calif. Known only from type 
locality. 


Ervilia 


Pa amnesia EASNSy oer =e 


ce ae \ Q onan G ; / me meet na 


ei ee { y 
é 


Panomya 


Aloidis eh ened 


2, ee eo) 
PN 2 


Anatina 


‘ : (i aN oS 
“£) ; 


Saxicavella 


Saxicava Grippina 


\ 


# 44 p 39 
MOU) TING MOLIUSCZN RADULAB 
er by Fred Tobleman 

The radulae or odontophores of the mollusoa are one of the most beau- 
-tiful objects for the 1isr scopes When properly prepared they are of great 
help in classifying tho various orders to which they belonge 

In these notes I will endeavor to describe the way that I prepare 
these objects rnd I hope that others who try will be successful in their 
attempts. The first thing I will describe is the glassware, tools, and 
reagents that I use: 
Standard 3 ine by 1 ino micro slides 
Cover glasses five eighths, three quarters, and seven oighths round Noe” 
Rectangular covers nbout 3/4 by 14 inches. 
6 Syracuse watch plasses. 
2 lerge test tubes, 
Balsam bottle with glass rode 
Alcohol lamp, 
@ small porcelain ensseroles Nos. 2 & 3 ( from laboratory sypply house) 
Get the casseroles with wood handlese 
l nest of porvelnin saucers suchas water color painters use, those that 
nest on top of each other and have a covers 
A few 4 oz glass jars = empty mayonnaise jars will doe 
Tweezers for dissecting and for cover glasses. 
Scalpel or e sharp pen knife. 
Tost tube holder. 
4 Cissceting necdles 2 light 2 heavy 
Smell mirror about 6 by 8 inches. 
Chemicals and reaponts oo 
Cen of common heusehold lye Sodium hydroxide commercial. 
10% chromic asid solution. 
Absolute wood alcohol ( known in trade as Methanol 95-97%) 
Mercurochrome - 
Cecer wood oll, 
Xylol or Renzole for balsam and clearings 
Denatured alsoh>l. 

In working with the larger species use the small ones,as their radula 
shows all the det::iis as well as the larger oneSe 

Dissect out the protosis or the whole bucal mass,and boil in a lye 
Bolution in . Gasseroic. small species should be boiled whole until the 
animol matter is cestroyeds Dried spesimens should be romoved from the 
shell with a cissocting noedle, placed in 2 tost tube with tho lye, and let 
them stand until dissolved without boiling. Preserved material may be 
trented os fresh, Limpets and chitons need different treatment. Dissect as 
fara s possible then macerate in water until the radula can be washed clean. 
Dilute the boiled material with an equal quantity of water, now place the 
mirror on the table face up, place the materiel in a watsh glass and place 
on the mirror, end it will illuminate themand makes searching easier. 

Place the racula in a watch glass of water as you pick them out of 
the lye, to wash it cute 

The work now begins to be difficult and a dissecting microscope is a 
great help. Place specimen on slide and straighten it out. Some species 
are like a tube but these are ensily flattened out, others are like a 
snucer,and have to be wut around the edge to got them flat. The worst ones 
are some of the operculate land mollusea whose radula is almost tied in 
knuts anc require a lot of patience to make a decent slide. This work is 
cone before any chemical treatment as it tends to harden theme 

Place specimen in one of the porcelain saucers and add a few drops of 


#44 p 40 

chromic acid or Mcreur>chrome and lesve until \.oll strincd. Wash stnin 
out and place in absolute wood alcohol using another saucer , then place 
in cedar oil to clear. When cleared wash out oil with xylol and mount 
in Canada balsam or gum cemare 

After the slide is dry clean off any balsam that is outside the cover 
glass with denatured alcohol and if you have a turn table ring with blrck 
varnish and lable. 

Perhaps you wonder what the 4 oz. glass jars are for. It is this. 
Many times after a days collecting one is too tired todo “ny more than 
clean the shells, or one dogs not wish to work the material up all at 
once. Place each species in a separate jar and add some lye and water and 
let stand. The results will be the same as if they were boiled. Mounting 
radulae is not difficult and I hope more will try it. If you have a polar= 
~izing outfit for your scopt try stucying them by polarized lighte 

If anyone has any questions on the subject I will be glad to answer 
if I can. Have been experimenting with another method but haven't perfected 
it yet. 

FESS LSS SSS TEL ES SS FP SSS SS Se eee Se SS 

JoM. Dowdle, stationed somewhere in New Guinea. We are in receipt of a 
very interesting box of assorted shells from Jecke Whenand if we are able 
to properly classify them we will run a list of the species in these min- 
-utes, 
“ed. Eyerdam, 7531 19th Ave., N.E., Seattle 5, Washe ™ Received the Minutes 
‘and I must say they are getting more comprehensive and recognized more and 
mores. they are also a definite morale builder with some of our men in the 
South Pacific that are interested in shellse esses also received yesterday 
" Birds of the Southwest Pacifio" from the author, Dr. Ernst Mayr with his 
compliments as companion on the Whitney South Sea Expedition, This is a 
( wartime) book printed by the Ballon Press, inc,, Binghampton, N.Y. Issued 
by the American iuseum of Natural History. This is © practical handbook 
by the best authority on S.W. Pacific birds and is primarily for the field 
student, tells him what kinds of birds he can expect to find on oach island. 
The keys are simple and well worked out forthe beginner who may not know 
the difference between a curlew and a pocwit, or a triller and a graybird,. 
Three porfoct color plates show 39 species which include all the prominont 
bird families of the S.it. Pacific. To me it is of especial interest because 
Iam quite familiar with most of the birds of the Solomons. There is even 
a picture of Coracina papuensis eyerdami Mayr. Dr. Mayr has also written one 
of the best up to date books on evolution called ° Evolution and the Species 
Concept®. This work gives a clear picture of the status of evolutionary and 
plastic organisms as applied to conditions of heredity, environment,isolation 
food habits, climate, interbreeding etce in species, subspecies and forms of 
birds, insects, snails and other terrestrial animal life, It should be read 
by all taxonomists." 
Mrs. James McKinlcy Cannon, Indian River Drive, Route 1, Box 615, Fort Pierce 
Florida. Mildred Cannon Studio. ® Enclosed is my check for $2.00 to help 
with the expenses of the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern 
Calif. I always find them very interesting reading. The technical discussions 
not only hold my attention; the personal notes regarding some of your mem~ 
-bers also interest mo. They are my friends and correspondents in the con- 
“chological field. My interestsare 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9, and 10, However, it 
will be a long time before I can give any time to Noe 9 ( field collecting). 
as my business has grown so that I now sell my shell creations to stores 
11 over the country and in Florida I have a salesman who travels the state. 
Some of my brain children have even starred in a movie short for Universal. 


#44 p 41 
The intcrests of these on the following lists will be indicated 
when known, by the numbers in this keye 


1. World Wide Sea Shells 
2e Pacific Coast Shells 
Se Marine Shells 

4. Landand Fresh Water Shells | 
5e Buy Shells 

6e Sell Shells 

7» Exchange Shells 

8. Buy Books 

9. Field Collecting 

1N Marine Life in General 
ll. Fossil Shells 


MEMBERS OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SQUTIERN CALIFORNIA 
Active Members — ess eee 
Althous, Kenneth Le, 319 Ee 110th St., Los Angeles 3, Calif. - 1,2,3,4,5,7,8, 
Austin, Mr, & Mrs. George We, 68312 St. Esteban Ste, "Ta Jungn, Calif, 
Ragley, Mrs. Lauran Be, 1119 Arnpahoe St., Los Angeles 6, Calif. Phone FI 8051 
lean ery ar yearend Ke) 
Baker Mr ° Aa Mrs. E.P., 417 S. Downey roe Downey, Colif.e 2,6,7,9,9 
Barnctt, Mr. and Mrse Fred, 80 62nd Pl., Long Beach 3,Calife 1,2,3,4,9 
Bauman, Albert, 6136 Lexington Aves, Los Angeles 38, Calif. 
Petchel, Gh;;ett, G19 Victoria Aves, Venice, Calif. 1,2,3,9 
Bormann, Mirse Mary, 4331 Vermont Ste, Long Beach 4, Calif. 1,2,3,7. 
Bormann, Mre Ralph and Mr. Ralph dre, 4551 Vermont Ste,Long Booch 4, Calif. 
Brookshire, Lieutonnnt Jack We, 948 Beverley, Bellflower, Calif.~ Senmes 
nelaetse 9th Troop Carre Sqdney AePeOe 244, c/o P.Me,San Francisco 
Purch, Mrenond irs. John Qe, 4206 Halldale Avoe, Los Angeles 37 1,2,3,4,5,7,8, 
burch, Thomas Ae, 680 WW. 34th Ste, Los Angeles 7, Cnlif. 1,2,3 Shells. 
with animals preserved in alcohol or in cnse of rare shells, the anim= 
-als slono in alcohol for purposes of dissection and studying the radula 
Furch, Buntries Le, Hnncock bldg, University of Southorn Cnalif., Los Angcel- 
“ol @ 2,3,8,9 ( 10= preserved in nleohol). 
Cameron, Mre 2nd Mz-s. Edward, 655 Hnverford Avoe,y Pacific Palisades, Calif. 
Caruthers, Morris Ee, 120 Ke Chestnut 5t.,Glondalo, Calif. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9. 
Chacc, Mrennd Mrse tel, 24205 Eshelman Avoe, Lomita, Califse 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11 
Clark, firs, Effie Me, 403 Mariposa St., Los Angeles 5, Calif. 1,2,3,7,8,11 
Clark, Lily He, 1961 Lovelacc Avee, Los Angoles 7 
Cook, Miss Edna Te, 1002 Ne Hobart Blvde, Los Angeles 27. 1,2,3,4 
Cornett, Mrs. Mary, 2229 Griffin Ave., Los Angeles 31 1,2,4,5,7,9, 
Dinkins, Richard Ca, 117 Ne Las Palmas , Los Angeles 4, Calif. 
Dippell, kirs. Albert, 858 Tremoine Avee, Los Angeles 5, Calif. 
Dowdle d.7..4508% 2/>, PeieD. #5, Navy 167, c/o FeP. econ Francisco, Calif. 
Edmones, bir. and hirss Elmer Ve and Rob ( now oversens with the army), and 
Don eae 92° Ne Kingsley Dre, Los Angeles 27= Phone T.M.O-. 10927 
oe poet ls O50 Loy cll 
‘Ford, eon Re, i113 Weinaneten Avee, Pnsadenn 2, Calif. 1,3,10 
anal Mr. and ftirSe Aei.e, 70 El Nido Aves, Pasadena 8, Calif. 1,3,10 
Grege, Dre Wendell Oc, 2°00 Se. Harvard Blvde, Los Angelos 7 Phe RO 6016 
Vesey ee Os als helo 
Hidlev, tse, hOe 5. Palm Avce, Alhambrn, Calif. 11 
fore r, “hala Bs, 13562 S. Menlo Aves, los Angolos 6, Calif, 
hol, Gcrlyn, 1OLY Tiverton, Los Angeles 24, Cnlife 
verry, iicreld ( Now serving in U.S. Navy) Rte2, Box 222, Shreveport, Las 
waady Dr. hownarc ke, Los angeles Museum, Exposition Park, Los Angeles 7, 


Mhe i] 219¢— Home address 4262 sngeles Vista Blvde, Phe AX 25491 
pig eg Os Cy pope uO 


aay etal 
11 


Howard, l'rs. Worei Ra, cl veces Si. fi Poe oda £3 

Howard, Jerry, cl2 Locust St., Inglewood, Calif. 

Hubbard, Dr.and Mrs. Clinton D., 2394 Gage Avc., Huntington Park, Calif. 

Kanakoff, George Ps, 816 Ne Normandie Aves, Los Angeles 27,Calif. 

Keppen, Ledona, 1963 Waltonia Dre, wontrose, Calif. Ph. CH 93539 

Kessen, Dorothy, 1833 W. 47th St.,m Los Angeles 37, Calif. 

Knapp, Miss Edith R., 300 S. Picrre Rd., Bel Sir, Calif, 

Limbaugh, Conrad C. 707 S. Clark St., Bellflower, Calif. ( now overseas 
with the U.S. Army). Lost service address 39552006, 476th Be Hqe and AB 
Sqe, APO 462, c/o Postmaster, Minneapolis, Minne 

Linkogel, Jennie, 1963 Waltonia Dre, Montross, Calif. 

Mann, Miss Verna, 430 Ne Parish Pl., Burtank, Calif. 

Mardden, lirs. Heke, 759 Ne Orange Dre, Los angeles 38, Calif. 

Marsh, Mreand Mra, J.Ce, 6719 llth Av’., Los angeles 43, P.O. Box 4, Hyde 
Park Sta. Phe Ti 4682, 

Marsh, Mr. and irs. WeC., 2528 We 78th Pl., Inglewood, Calif. 

Miller, Professor H.iie, Apartado 1320, San Jose, Casta Rica 

Meier, Helmut, 4120 Rosewood iivee, Los angeles 4, Calif. 

Parks, birs. Rose Be, 357 lith 8t., Santa Wonica, Calif. Phe Sta. Mone 24779 

Pattison, Mrs. Mildred, 311 N. Gertrude Ave., Redondo Beach, Calif. 

Post, Ewde, 220 S. Olive Ste, Los Angeles 12, Calif.- present winter address 
609 we Emma St., Tampa 3, Florida- 1,2,5,4,5,7,9,11 

Putney, Virginia, 318 Griswold St., Glendale 5, Calif. 

Recder, Bill, 4725 Brynhurst Ave., Los Angeles 43, Calif. 1,2,3,4,7,9. 

Robinson, firs. Cary and Truman, 1108 Bay View St., Mahhattan Beach, Calif. 

Ryan, Lloyc, 900 Leighton Ave., Los Angeles 37, Calif. 

Sehick, Mr.and Mrs. Morris, 715 S. Central Aveo, Glendale 4, Calif, 

Schlagel, Charlcs we, 58 Hampden Terrace, Alhambra, Calif. 11 

Smith, Dre As Haven, cee Pine Ste, Orange, Califscl i 2,0,0,7,9,11 

Smith, Don, 5950 Barton Ave., Los Angeles 38, Calif. 1,2,35,4,5,7,8,9,10,11 

Sprague, Mr. and Mrs. Edgerton Be, 1920 Victoria Pr., Santa Ana, Calif. 2,35,9 

Strong, Alle, 215 We 5th Ste, Room 1212, Los Angeles 13, Calif. 2,3 

Sullivan, Margaret, 2212 Mandeville Canyon, Los angeles 24, Calif. 

Thomas, Carl Ie, 262 Ne Pine Ste, Orange, Calif, Phe 1294J, Leese! Ost 

Ulrich, E../. and Georgio He, 1049 Island «ave., Wilmington, Calif. Office 
117 We Anaheim St., Wilmington, Calif. Phe WI 0285. 1,2,5,4,5,7,8 

Walker, Maude Ee, 851 S. Grand, Los Angeles 14, Phe TR 0941 1 woe 

Weisman, John, 1636 Vermont Avee, Los Angeles 6, Calif. 

Wilkins, Mrs. Jean, 5939 Gundry, Long Beach 5, Calif, 1,2,10 

Willett, Mr.and Mrs. George, Los Angeles Muscum, Exposition Park, Los Angeles 
7, Calife Phe RI 2194- Res, Phone AX 19554 Cg oats p22 

Williams, Sgte Woodbridge ( U.S. Army). 

Williams, Mrs. Vonice, Padua Hills, Slaremont, Calif. 

wright, Charles ke, 410 Ne El Molino Ave., Pasadena, Calif. ( now serving 
in UeSs Navies Cs0s4, 0908 


Hone.rary Member 
rilstry, Dre Heas, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 


Associate Memberc and Friencs 

Tilabama Muscum of Natural History, University,, Alabama, 

Aldrich, F.R., Box 155, Fay Island, Balboa, Calif. 1,2,5,7 

Andwhistle, lirs, Jeanette, 49 Beach St., Nutley, New Jersey 

The Auckland Institutcand Museum, Auckland, New Zealande 

The Austr«lian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australide 

Reily, Dre and Mrs. Joshua Le Jre, 4435 Ampudia St., San Diego, Calif. 
bakur, Dre Horace Bs, Zoole Labe, Unive of tenna., Philadelphia, Pas 


ait, 48 
Bales, Dre BeR. , 149 West, linin Ste, Circleville, Chio. 1,2,3,4,7 


$ 


Barnes, Ree, Lacon, Lliinoisa 

Bartsch, Dre Paul, U.S. Nationol tiuseum, Washington 25, DeCe 

Buyer, F.ile, Box 737, Riviern, Florida ( In U.S. Army). 

Bealelialtbie Iluseum, Wintcur bark, Floridse 

Behre, Dre Eelley Zoology Depte, LeS.Ue, Brton Rouge, Louisinnne 

Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hownlii 

Berry, Dr. S.S., 1145 West Highland Avee, Redlonds, Cnolife 

Betts, Elsie Post, Post Ranch, Terre Belle, Calif. 1,2,3,4,6,8,19 

Blakeslee, Cele, Mendon Conter Road, Pittsford, NeYe 

Boerstler, Mir. and Mrs. EeWe,y PeO. Box 494, Corona del Mar, Cnlife Phe 1710R 
1010 Ocean Blvdey 1,3 

Bolin, Dre Ralph, Hopkins Marine Station, Monterey, Calif. 

Bower, Weds, 340 Third St. South, St. Petersburg 5, Fla. 3,7 ( Flne shells), 
Gels 

Brand, Professor Louis, University of Cinninnati, Cincinnati 21, Ohio. 
1,2,5,4,5,7,68,9,10,11 Special Interests: Unionidae,Pectinidae, Muricidae, 
and Conidae. 

Bristol, Miss Violo S., Natural History Muscum, Balbon Park, San Diego 1, Calif 
We or iary acre EL 

Buckland, Mrs. GeB», 1140 Ee lst St., Long Boach, Calif. 

Burch, Edward Ps, 1729 James Avee, Se, Minnesxpolis, Minn. 

Burt, Charles E., P.O. Box 536, Topeko, Kansas. Doing business 2s Quivira 
Specialtics Coe, 4010 West 2lst St., Topeka, Kansns. 

Culdwell, Waltor C., 2208 Massachusetts Avo., Tumpn 3, Florida ( U.S. Army). 

Callejn, walter 49 Inguenez Ste, Rabat, Malta. 1,5,4,7 

Cannon, Mrs. James WicKinley, Indian River Drive, Route 1, Box 615, Fort Pierce 
POLI liging dg tO» (gO e Opto 

Carl, G. Clifford, Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C., Cahadae 

Carneigie Museum, 4400 Forbes Ste, bittsburgh, Pao 

Case, Walter, Long Peach Sun, 6th and Pine, Long Beach, Calif, 

Cass, Role, 5442 Sth Aveey Los Angeles 43, Calif. 1,2,3,4, 

Cheatum, Professor E.P., Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. 

Cheever, Dr. Austin, 464 Feneon Stc, Boston, Masse 

Clark, Professor Bruce Ls, Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, Calif. 

Clench, Dre Wme Je, huseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College,Cambridge, 
Masse 

Coats, Miss R.E., 702 East First St., Tillamook, Oregon. 

Cockerell, Professor T.eDe:i,, Box 416, Palm Springs, Calif. After May lst- 
908 10th, Boulcer, Colo. 

Cockerill, Mrs. Lillias F., Sanibel, Floridye 

Coley, Mrs. JE, 95 Chetwood Terrace, Fanwood, New Jersey 

Conlin, James Pe, 927 Tierney Rde, Fort Worth, Texas=- Now in U.S. Army 

Cook, w.eP., 2966 Union uve., San Diego 1, Calif. 1,2,3,4,7 

Cornell University huseum, Ithaca, NeYe Van Cleef Memorial Library 

Cox, Hone L.sRe, British liuseum of Natural History, Cromwell Rde, Se'Ve7, 
London, Englando 

Torbaker, Dre LeKe, 424 Franklin Avee, Wilkinsburr, Pa, 

Devis, Miss Evelyn, 270 Revenna Dre, Long Beach, Califa 

Davis, Lieutenant John Ee, Box 552, LVAAF, Las Vegns, Nevadae 

Dexter, Professor Ralph We, Dept. of Biology, Kent State Univorsity, Kent, 
Ohi 3,4,9,10 ond Keslogy of Mollusca 

Noda, dele, 1016 Ee Romsvy Ste, Ranning, Calif. 

Dody, Henry, 6 Rochimbcau Road, Scarsdalc, NeYe 

Howlitulc, Hele, 1925 Be Aves, NeEe, Cedar Rapids,  lowa,s 

Derenus Wee, eel. Holmes St., Boonton, Nowe 1,5,38 

Doty, lrSe Charlotte Le, 551 Princeton St., Falo Alto, Calif. 


gpa P “eb 

Dranga, Tod, 4340 S.we léth St., tifami 54, Florida. 1,5,6, Dealer in 
specimen shells, 

Duckworth, Frofessor A.S., Southcast Missouri State Teachcrs College, Cape 
Girardeau, Missouri. Special intcrests- microscopics 

Dury, Ralph E., Cincinnati Museum of Natural history, Central Parkway at 
Walnut St., Cincinnati 10, Ohioe Fhe lia 3889. 1,2,5,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 

Eastman, Mrs. Frank, 130 Elm Avc., Long Beach 2, Calif. 

Eaton, Miss Ruth, 326 W. Sth, Long Beach 2, Calif. 

Elliott, Mrs. E.C., 1 iarden Road, Payneham, South Australia. 

Emerson, William Ke, 2435 Bancroft St., San Diego 2, Calif. 1,2,3,7,9,10 

Emery, D.Le, 1l2l 20th Ave., S., St. Petersburg, Fl orida. 

Erickson, Carl W., 4 Windsor Ave., Auburn, iMasse 

Eyerdam, ‘ede, 7551 19th Ave., NE, Seattle 5, Washe rhe Kenwood 5032 
1,2,7,10,11 

Fehrenbruck, 4.M., c/o The United States Truss Coe, Fourthand Syoamore, 
Cincinnati 2, Ohio. 

Fargo, William G., Box 874, Pass-a=Grille, Fla. Summer address 506 Union Ste, 
Jackson, Michigane 

Forris, Mrs. Grace Paxon, 4304 Appian Way, Long Beach 3, Calif. 

Fisk, Dre HeN.-,; Louisiana State University, Baton Rougo 3, Louisiana. 

Freire, Josc Ae, Heredia 305, Santiago de Cuba, Cubne 1,3,4,5,76 

Florer, Jack, 799 Clark St., Beliflower, Calif, 

French, tr. and Mrs. WeEe, 245 We. lst St., San Pedro, Calif. 

Ford, Rove Paul De, 160 W. 20th St. Erie, Pas 

Foster, Richard We, 70 Heath Ste, Brookline, Mass, 

Fox, Ralph Oc, 1048 Monterey Ave., Berkeley 6, Calif. 

Galbraith, Will H., 1132 Summit Avc., Pasadena 3, Calif. 

Galbreath, REL, R 1, Box 48, Newhall, Calif. Phe Newhall 344J2, 9 & 11 

Gammon, Earle T., Associate Economic Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, 
Sacramento 14, Calif. 

Gaylord, Joseph S., 719 7th St., Now, St. Petersburg, Fla. until May ist 
and after that E. Longmeadow, Mass. 

Geib, Homer V., 3064 C Columbia St., San Diego 1, Calif, 

Gemmell, Mrs. Hattie, 1304 Magnolia ive.e, San Jose, Calif. 1 ( Special 
interest in Haliotis- no belecypoda). 

Genter, Alice, 12254 E. 68th St., Los Angeles 1, Calif. 

Gibbons, Mary De, 418 Es Lake Ave., Baltimore 12, Maryland. 3,7,8. 

Gifford, Dr. E.W. and Delila S., Apt. 6, 2535 Le Conte Ave., Berkeley 4, 
Calif. Interest is specialty in Olividae,. 

Gillham, Bert A., Rockford, Iowa. 4,5,7,11 

Goldie, Mr. and Mrs. James Le, 745 Gaviota Aves, Long Beach 4, Calif, 

Goodrich, Dr. Calvin, University Museums, University cf Michigan, Ann Arbor, 
Michigans 

Gorham, Abby H.C., 1323 East Third, Long Beach 4, Calif. 

Grant, Dr. Adele, 6019 S. Overhill Dr., Los Angeles 43, Calif. 

Grant, Dr. U.S. IV, Dept. of Geology, University of California at Los Angeles, 
Westwood, Calif. 

Grech, Jatie, 59 Bihind St., Ubaldesca Str., Casal Faula, Malta. 1,7 

Greger, DeK., Fulton, Missouri Special interest in Scaphopoda 

Griffith, W.E., 24 hMelita St,, Sliema, Malta. 1,3,4,7. 

Grimshewe, C.N., 766 NeW. 13th Ave.e, Miami, Florida. 

Guitart, Dr. Raul P., Kate Plummer Bryan iiemorial School, Guines, Cubae 

Gunthorp, Dr. Horace, 3510 Adams Ave.e, San Diego 4, Calif. Dealer in books 
Speciclizing on natural history. 

Enns, Dr. Fritz, Field iluseum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road and Field 
Dre, Chicago, lllinois,. 


#4 p 45 
Hackney, Mrs. Jeliey 1353 Cornwall Place, Norfolk 8, Virginia. Special int- 
-erest study of rndulne. 


Hadden, Fred Ce, 2623 Pamoa Rdey Honolulu 5, Te Hawaii 

Hadfield, Mrs. W.V., Private Bog, Takaka, New Zealand. 1,2,3,4,7.6 

Hadley, Mr.and Mrs. F.Ke, Box 33, West Newton, Masse Dealers in specimen 
shells and collections. 

Hater, T/Spte Edvard, 19098776, 43 Bombardment Group, 4035 Bambardment Sqdne 
( heavy), AePeO. 220 c/o P.M. San Francisco, Califo 

Hanna, Dre Ge Dallas, California Acadomy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 
San Francisco, Califs 

Harding, Albert Se, State College, Rrookings, S. Bakotae 

Heath, Dr. Harold, Hopkins Inarine Station, Pacifico Grovo, Calif. 

Hectlcia Dr. Leo Ge, California Academy of Sciences, Golden EEF Park, 
San Francisco, Calif. 

Higgins, Miss Lena, 544 W. 9th Ste, Long Beach 2, Calif. 

Hoffman, Mrs.» Fred Se, 390 Depew Aves, Buffalo, NeYe 

Holloway, Miss Me, 52 Pentland Avee, lit. Eden 82, Auckland, New Zealand. 1,7 

Holzman, Miss Dorothy E., 40 W. 7énd Ste, New York, NeY. 

Hubbs, Dre Carl L:, Professor of Biology, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 
La Jolla, Calife 

Hollenbeck, John, 535 Ardmore, Bellflower, Calif. 

Hubricht, Leslie, 300 E. Plume St., Norfolk 10, Virginia. 

Huffman, Earl Ce, $56 Stanton St., Pasadena 3, Calif. Phe 7798. 1,5,6,8 

Hunter, Eula, 38144 S. Hope St., Los Angeles 37, Calife 

Hutchinson, Paul Ce, S 2c, USN HoSpe Corpse School: San Diego 34, Calif. 

Jackson, Hons JoWe, The Manchester Museum, Manchester 13, Englands 

Jackson, Ralph We, Rto 1, Cambridgs, Maryland. 4 ( land only), 7,8, 5 ( South 

_ Americanand rare Polygyridae). 

Jacobson, Morris Ke, 455 Be 139 St., Rockaway, NY. 1,2,3,4,5,7,9,11 

Jacger, Mirse Henry Ne, box 644, Haines City, Florida. 

Jeaking, W.Ge, 44 Locking Ste, Nelson, Now Zealande 1,3,4,7,8 

Johnson, Mrse Edward Ms, Box 444, Falmouth, Masse 1,3,7,10 

Johnson, Kirs. Esther, 611 Ultimo, Long Beach 4, Calif. 

Johnson, Professor Je Harlan, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo, 
2,5,7,10 and especially 11 

johneonk ie liyrtle, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif. 

Jones, Dre David Tce, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Keen, Dre Ae liyra, Box 1563, Stanford University, Calif.e Ph. Palo Alto 21100 
cigs (pL 

Kerekhoff kinrine Laboratory, Corona del Mar, Calif. 

Kessel, Professor Edward Le, University of San Francisco, San Francisco,Calif. 

Kincaid, Professor Trevor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washe 

Koto, Wiss Adele, 822 Park Aveo, Beloit, Wisconsine 1,5,4,7, 

Kozloff, Eey Depte of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley 4, Calif. 

Inccy Harry S., 119 WwW, 8th St,, Rolla, Missouri. 

Lenstrum, Mrs, Cornelia, Rox 908, Redwood City, Calif. 

Inndroth, Lou, 2419 Ocorn Front, Venioo, Calif. 

Lehman, Mire and re. C.Ac, 248 Ximeno Aves, Long, Beach 3, Calife 


Lane, Mr. and Mrs, J.M., 147 S. Roosevelt Avee, Pueedena; Calif. 
Lec, Charles Bs, 69 Wor olener St., c/o Tickson, Buffalo 8, NeY. ( U.S. Army) 
A Heeler Sse ee) 


Libby, Mrs. Ruth, 817 Carson, Long Beach 7, Calif. 

Light, Dr. S.F., Dept. of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley 4,Calif. 
Linderman, Mrs. Leona, 80 62nd bl., Long Beach 3, Calif. 

Linney, Clara de, 2184 rine Avee, Long bench, Calife 

Lloyd, Dre wWeley Cabrillo }usoum, San redro, Calif 


#44 p 46 

Long Beach Public Library, tone Beach, Calif, 

Los Angeles Public Library, 530 S, Hope St., Los Angeles 13, Calif. 

Lundy, irs. Re, 620 El Camino Avce, Ne Sacramento, Calif. 

Lyman, Frank Be, Lock Drawer 1412, Lantana, Florida. Dealer inf ine shells. 
1,5,6,9,11 and specializes in Florica shells. 

MacFarlend, Dr. F.iie, 775 Santa Ynez, Stanford University, Calif. 

MacGinitie, Dr. G.E., 1201 East California, Pasadena 4, Calif. 

Magnus, Harry Ce, 510 43rd Sta, West Palm Beach, Florida 1,3,4,7,86 

Mahaffey, C.R., 276 30th St., San Francisco 14, Calif. 

Marks, E. Sidney, 655 Kearny Avoe, Arlington, New Jersey. 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 
11 and Echinodermata. 

Mason, Miss Cynthia, 3032 East Third St., Long Beach 4, Calif. the 71736 

McBride, Mr.and Mrs. JeA., 1443 Lime Ave., Long Beach 6, Calif. 

McCulloch, Dr. Irene, Hancock Bldg., University of Southern California, Los 
Angeles, Calif. 

McGinty, Faul Pe, b.0. Box 345, Boynton, Florida. 

McLean, Mr.and irs. North, Washington, Conne 

Melville, Chester W., 20 Hammondswood Rd.e, Chestnut Hill, Mass. Winter 
address Fort Myers Beach, Florida. 1,3,4,- buy rare shells, also buy 
old books particularly those with old color plates in thom. 

Miner, Dre Roy We, American Museum of Natural History, Central aoe West at 
79th St., New York, N.Y. 

Mohorter, Mrs. Willard, P.O. Box 77, lite Heathly, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Moore, Miss ary He, 1715 Simpkin St., Nashville 8, Tenne 

Morrison, Roy Le, 3745 Grim avee, Sen Liego 4, Calif. Le 

liort, Major H.S., 13 Milner St., Mossman, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 

Moses, Robert He, 42 Pembury Rd., Totenham, London, Ne 17, England. 

Mouat, Mary, P.O. Glenfield, Ayckland, New Zealand. 

Museo ® Poey*®, Universidad de la Habana, Habana, Cuba. 

Museum of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, 

Museum of Compsrative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass, 

Natural History Museum, Belboa Park, San Diego 1, Calif. Fhe lMiain 0523 
125054, bg op lOgle 

Nelson,Charles De, Rt. 5, lake Michigan Dre, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1,2,5,4,5,6,7, 
Saris eh @0 bs 

Nevius, Dr. John W., 1930 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles 5, Calif. 

Nicol, David, Box 2466, Stenford University, Calif. 

Nimitz, Miss Mary, 2914 Forest Ave., Berkeley, Calif. 

Nulton, Lucy, East Carolina Teachers College, Greenville, North Carolina. 

Oughton, Dr. John, Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Queen's Park at Bloor Ste, 
Toronto, Ontario, Canadaoe 

Palmer, Mrs. E.L., 206 Oak Hill Road, Ithaca, N.Y. 

Parris, W.G., Boom, Tenn. 1,5,6,7,8,9,11 

Pattison, Mrs. Mildred, 311 N. Gertrude Ave., Redondo Beach, Calif. 

Pelton, bir. end Mrs. Leurence, 4351 Long Beach Blvde, Long Beach 5, Calif. 

Pettitt, Lillian, 175 lit. Pleasant Ave., Jersey Shore, Penna. 

Fomona College, Zo».logy Dept., Claremont, Calif. 

Peterson, John, 2155 Rimpau Blvd., Los Angeles 16, Calif. 

Public Library, Melbourne, Australia. 

Futnam, P.eG., Anacortes, Wash. 

Queensland Museum, Hrisbanc, Australias, 

Reed, Paul He, Box 267, Tavares, Fla. Editor of Mollusca. 1,5,7,8,9. 

Rehder, Dre Harald A., Division of Mollusks, U.S. National Museum, Wash. 25, 

D.C. Ph. Na 1810. 1,5,4,7,8,11. 
Rex, Misa Edith, # 1377, Avalon, Catalina Island, Calif. 
Robertson, ir. and Mrs. Harold Re, 136 Buffum St., Buffalo, Ne Y. #1 


#44 p 47 

Rogers, iiss Julio Ellen, 355 Juripero, Lone Peach 4, Crlif. 

Rothamel, Henry Ao, 8905 Sinclair Lane, Baltimore 13, Maryland. 

Salisbury, Hone AsE., 51 Amersham Hill, High Wycombe, Englande 

Schalie, Honry van der, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Nichigane 

Schenck, Dr. Hubert Ge, Box 1528, Stenford University, Calif. ( Now Major 
Schenck serving in New Guinea from last reports). 

Schmidt, Jack, 406 North K St., Lake Worth, Florida. 

Schweitzer, Dr. Jerome Ks, 730 Fifth Aves, Now York 22, NeY~ 

Schwengel, Dre Jeanne S., 560 Iarmaroneck Rds, Scarsdale, NeYe 

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. 

Shepard, Miss Miriam, Box 164, Route 2, Portland 10, Oregone 1,2,3,4,8,96 

Skinner, SeGe, 630 Almond, Long Beach 4, Calife Phe 677-194 

Shippey, Roderick A., N.A.T.S. Pacific, Navy 1301, c/o Fleet frost Office, 
San Francisco, Calif 

Smith, Allyn Ge, 722 Santa Barbara Road, Berkeley 7, Calif. Cgdgty 

Smith, Mrse Cassat, 41 Walker St., Cambridge, Mass, 3,8,11 

Smith, Mrs. Harrison, 803 Weightman Bldge, 1524 Chestnut St., Hhiladelphia 2, 
Pennsylvania. 1,3,5,7 

Smith, Maxwell, Box 65, Winter Fark, Floridae 1,5,8. 

Sorensen, Ae, 247 Granite St., Pacific Grove, Calif. 2,3,7,9,10 

Spicer, Lieutenant V.D.P., 401 Vermont Avec, Berkeley, Calif. #1 but with 
special interest in polynesien marine. 

State Fisheries Laboratory, Terminal Island, Calif. 

Stenzel, Professor H.B.e, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas, 
Austin 12, Texas. 1,3,5,7,8,lle rarticular interest Genofype species 
Recent or fossil. 

Stephens, Mrs. Kate, 3746 Park Blvde, San Diego, Calif. 

Stephenson, James Me, 207 Quincy, Long Beach 3, Calif, 

Stevenson,. AG, 32 Pentland Aves, Mte Eden, Auckland S 2, New Zealand. 

Stillwell, Grace, 337 Cedar Ave., Long Beach 2, Calife Phe 631-461 

Thaanum, De, 43 Coelho Way, Honolulu 8, Hawaiie 1,3 

Tohleman, Fred, 134 Brennor Ste, Newark, Neds 1,3,7 

Tomlin, JeRe le Boy 23 Boscobel Road, Ste Leonards-on-Sen, England. 

Turver, Mire and Mrs. HeRe, 127 Broadway, Santa Cruz, Califfe 1,2)354555758,9,10 

Tyselling, Lucthlic, 863 Atlantic Avee, Long Beach, Calif. 

University of California, The Library, 405 Hilyard Ave.e, Los Angeles 24, Calif. 

University Museum, Boulder, Coloe 

University of Southern Calif,, Librarian, University Park, Los Angeles 7, Cal. 

Van Hyning, Dre Te, Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida. 

Veare, Mrs. Margaret, 681 Lafayette Ave., Buffalo 9, N.Y. 1,35,4,5,7,8,9,10 

Walker, Mre. Heke, Route 2, Box 242, Healdsburg, Calife 1,3,5,7.4 

Walton, MeLe, 1108 Ne Central Ave.e, Glendale, Calif. 

Warren, lMirse Fiske, 8 Mount Vernon P1., Boston, Ilass, 

Webb, Pvt. Glenn Re, 395th Signal Uoe Avne, AsPeO0, 126, c/o Postmaster, NeYe 
Homo address Ohio, Illinois e/o Mrs. L.O. Webb 

Weber, Jay Ao, 10801 Biscnyne Blwde, hiiami, Florida. 

Webber, Fred Sey 271 liaple Ste, Holyokey Masse 1,5,4,5,7¢ 

Wentworth, Dr. Hazel Ae, 110 Mira Mar, Long Beach, Calif. 

Weeks, William He, 508 Willoughby Avee, Brooklyn, NeY. 1,7 

Whyte, Mrs. Ee, 58 Campboll Rds, Onehunga SE 5, Auckland, New Zealande 

white, Miss Helen Ee, 335 Ee 9th St., long Beach 2, Calif. . 

Wilson, Miss Edna N., 718 Capistrano Place, Mission Beach, Calif 

Wilcox, Erncst Ne, 1738 Johnson Ave., San Luis Obispo, Calif. 

Winford, Mrs. TeoBEe, 1022 8. Windmere, Dallas, Texase 

worthy, irs. Ida, K.D. Fratumahoe, Auckland, New Zealande 

Wricht, LM. CEs, U.S. havy, 418 Piaza Hotel, Miami, Floridae 

Ztek, Dre Janes, Drawcr Ce, Bulboa, Canal Zonee 

Zook, Mrs&. Jellies, 800 Sixth St., San Bernardino, Calif. 


#44 p 48 
MINUTES OF THE FEBRUARY MEETING OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIF. 
~The Conchological Club of Southern California met at the usual time 
and place Sunday, Feb.4,1945 with 13 members presente 

It was good to have Mr. EP. Baker present again although he has not 
fully recovered. We were all sorry that Miss Edna Cook, who scoldom misses 
a meeting, was too ill to attend and we are all hoping sho will Soon be 
able to join us once more. 

Mr. Baker reported an intcresting article in the Feb. Nature Magazine 
by Gertrude M. Weber entitles * The Spell of the Shell®. It was a well 
written and attractively illustrated paper, 

Word was received by the secretary that Harold McGowan is now in Trail, 
Oregon, and much improved in health, 

Some beautiful fossils were received from Professor H.B. Stenzel of 
the University of Texas which the secretary and others interested in fossils 
were glad to receive,and for which we return thanks. 

The regular study was then taken up, the outline of which appears 
elsewhere in the minutes. 

The meeting was thenduly adjourned. 

Effie M. Clark, Secretarye 

PES SESE LST SESS SSS TT SLL SPSS SS SS SS FS 
Mre and Mrs. EW. Boerstler, P.O. Box 494, Coronn del Mar, Calif. We envy 
our members their collecting. So few of us are collecting these days that 
they must just about have Orange Coe to themselves. They write more about 
those very dark Cypraea spadicea, almost black, and the only specimens of 
this shade they have ever seen. And in addition to this such commentsa s 
* I have 2 yellows and I mean yellow®,. Th variations in shades of Cypraea 
at this time is interesting. All your editor ever took from that section 
were as alike as peas in a pode 

Mrs. Boerstler asks ™ Now I'd like to ask you if you know where I 
could buy Murex carpenteri Dall and Murex petri Dall. I should like very 
much to have them in my collection. I would exchange with anyone who has 
extras if I have anything they would like but am perfectly willing to buy.® 

In answer to the last query will say that it is hoped some of the 
members may be able to supply these specimens. We did have several hundred 
rather good duplicates of both species but our boxes of duplicates have 
been rather well sorted over by a host of visitors with the result that it 
is doubtful if we have anything left worth taking away in this group. But 
they are here and the Boerstlers are welcome to them ifthey will just pay 
us a visit and select their own. 

Mr.and Mrs. Whitmore are still living at their home in Redondo Beaches 
However, the beautiful Whitmore collection is now added to the collection 
of E.W. Ulrich of Wilmington, Calif. 

SL. Kimball,U.S.E.D.e, Pier 2A, Honolulu, T. Hawaiie * coe I had heard of 
you through several of my very good friends suchas Phil Spicer, Wray Harris 
of the Bishop Museum, and Dr. Hanna of San Francisco. Phil Spicer and I 

have done considerable collecting together on several of the islands out 
here such as Midway,Christmas etc. As you may have heard, Phil. found a new 
Cone on Midway and I found a new one on Christmas and possibly a new Cypraea 
there. I have two specimens of it thxt as yet no one has been able to class- 
-ify. Most of my collecting I take to the Bishop Museum where Wray Harris 
works it over for me keeping about 10% for the museum. However, I have all 
my fossil and dredged material from Christmas Island stored at my brothers 
home at 1250 Ne. Everett St., Glendale, Calif. and I dont know what I may 
have there as I have not had time to do anything about it yet. 

I started collecting about twenty years ago in Florida, at that time 
I was mostly interested in Léguus as Dr. Charles Tory Simpson was a personal 


#44 p 49 
friend of mine and he had collected Innd shells his whole life mostly 
Liguus. However, I have a few very nice Florida marines, 

At the present time I 1m Master of the U.S. Dredgo Sacramento and I 
expect that before many weeks we will proceed to. forward base where the 
collecting should be excellent and I om anticipating adcing a greatdecal to 
my collection. * 


MINUTES OF THE LONG BEACH SHELL CLUB Febe 11, 1945 

The Long Beach Shell Club meeting was opened by Miss Rogers, Vice= 
“president, who told of the conference she had lately had with some of the 
supervisors regarding the lack of nature study classes in our city schools. 
Mr. Baker, who has been absent a number of times , then took over and rep= 
-orted that he was recovering nicely from his accident and thanked the mem~ 
~bers for letters during his absence. No reports of committees were ready . 
Dr. Dunkle presented the club with a large number of his mimeographed 
copies of the lists of fossil shells of the Upper San Pedro Formation of 
Signal Hill. Ones not clnimed were sent to the L.A. clube Miss Rogers repe= 
-orted that the next exhibit of shells in the public library would be made 
up of specimens from the Zech collection, put there by the Agassiz Club, 
and that our club woulc have the next openingfor an exhibit about six months 
from now. Motion was made and seconded thnrt Mrs. Chace be reimbursed for the 
reprints of the picture of the Oldroyds, Hands, Lowes and other shell coll~ 
-ectors of Long Beach, and Miss Rogers kindly offered to see that this was 
Gonée 

The program chairman then introduced the topic * What Long Beach Owes 
to the Amateur Collectors", by reference to an early talk on shells piven 
here by Josinh Keep,and how Mr. Lowe, then a young boy, received this ince~ 
entive to,become the noted collector who has left the results of his work 
to cail ettention to our city where so much of the work was done. Reference 
wes also mace to the fact that the Oldroyds began their collecting here in 
Long Bench, and when the city refused to consider buying the collection 
they went to Stcnford University as cutators of the Museum there, which 
macc them known the world arounds 

It seems that in Long Beach the teachers of natural science have edu- 
“cated no penerationand » half , and the work of Miss Romola Adams, Mrse © 
Johnson,and Mjss Gray has left its imprint on the pupils under them. Miss 
Grey was drawn int. nective part in the work by a request from a New Hamp= 
«shire collector wh») wanted west coast shellse Her pupils made collections 
which they trnided for tutterflies from his colleotion, and an active corres- 
~pondence between tt’. pgentlemanand these elementary pupils continued addin g 
to the general plensures : 

Mrs. Lehman, from the Lakewood School, told how her five year old 
daurhter was intrdcuced to shell life in kindergarden, and how Mrs. Johnson 
of Lowell taught the pupils to collect, mount and name the specimens they 
found on the nearby shore. The original collection wasexhibited, but the 
spenker reminded the audience that this was only the berinning of many 
Inter collections of nature subjects, the last being one hundred twenty 
five specimens of minerals. 

Dr. Dunkle, from Wilson High School, then spoke of giving various 
projects to science pupilsthus inciting them to start nature collections. 
Many of these collections hnve later become the school property, presented 
by the collectors. Fe mentioned especially the work of Miss Edith Rex on 
Catelina Island in interesting pupils in the abundance of marine life 
there, thusndcing to their enjoyment as well as education. He emphasized 
the fact that an interest in local shells may extend to those in other 
sections of the country, and in other countries, 2s in the case of Miss Rexe 
The lack of available western printed material for highs chool pupils was 


#44 p 50 


for a long time one of the draw backs to sych study. Dre Dunkle t 
having offered a report on climatic conditions her@ to Califo nia for is 
publication, and having it refused because it was © too local’. He regrett~ 


~ced that the shell collection in the Municipal Auditorium was not easily 
available to students especially since collecting trips are not possible 
for the duration. Suggestions have also been made to include museum facil- 
-ities for schools in the future bond election, but much missionary work 
will have to be done before this need will be admitted by the citye A sci-~ 
-ence club, breaking up into special interest groups, has been organized 
at Wilson. So the work goes on, 

Miss Higgins then told how her interest in shells began under her 
nature study teacher in Normal School, and how she used shells tudy in her 
early years of teaching inthe Daisy Avenue school, She referred to the 
numbers of students who came into her science classesin high school and 
junior college with a great interest which had begun in their nature classes 
in the grades. Miss Higgins was a member of the first committee to make s 
such a course of study for the first four grades. It was in these grades 
that Miss Romola Adams held classes one half hour long, using specimens 
in glass containers. hiss Higgins often meets former pupils today who men~ 
~tion the interesting nature trips they used toe njoy. In Junior College 
work all life phyla were studied, and then by collecting all types of shore 
life and classifyingthem, connecting them with book descriptions and pic- 
-tures, the phyle were well demonstrated. The animal's equipment to live 
in mud flats, sandy shores, or rocky areas was studied, and the time and 
energy expended thereon she felt was well repaid by the increasing interest 
of pupils. 

Mr. Don Meadows of Polytechnix High School, a former Catalina Island 
teacher, felt that the island pupils hed easier contact with sea life then 
those in this school, and so needed little interesting. He starts them here 
to studying by placing specimens in their hands and having them study these. 
He feels that large collections have two uses, one for exhibit purposes, 
and the other as reference material. He has mounts ready for the pupil who 
wishes to provide the specimen, and after a study is made end checked the 
student is allowed to place his name as collector, thus inciting future 
students to follow. Pupils often return and ask to see the school collect- 
“ion, and are proud of their part in it. Mention was made of t he Bormann 's 
son having his name given to a shell variety he found during his collectimg, 
and how this vfn be considered an honor to his home twon which had contrib 
-uted to his interest in shells. Mrs. Taylor exhibited a piece of her 
early handiwork, flowers made of shells and sea moss she collected here 
many yearsa fOe 

Miss Rogers concluded the program by telling of a piece of property 
in her vicinity which contains lovely old treesmand a home which could 
be used as a museum to contain the Agassiz Club Shell Collection and well 


as other collections until a suitable eee could be provided, and 
offered the hope that some one would see fit to buy the propertyand presmt 


it for this purposo. 

Mr. Baker then suggested that the club members might begin a booklet 
for field study by writing their own experiences in collecting marine life, 
and bring them in at the noxt meeting. This was approved as a fine idea, 
and the meeting wes adjourned. 

Respectfully submitted, 
Ruth E. Eaton, 
Secretarye 
ROR ROR IO A OR ORR ORO IK KR IOI ICAO KOK OK OR A 

The next mecting of the Long Beach Shell Club will be held on Marc} 

11 at the usual place, 


#et Backs bace 

We regret to report the death of our correspondent S.Le Davidson of 

Auckland, New Zealand. 

2 IOI AO kok 
Dr. Myrtle E. Johnson, 4647 Fifty -Fifth St., San Diego 5, Calif. * I noticed 
the last species on the list, however; Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dall. I have 
taken it, or rather, Murine Biology advanced students took it in Mission 
Bay ™ under rocks" as described. We kept the first two specimens alive for 
several weeks in clean sea water= gave them fresh plankton material ( taken 
with a net) when we could fet it. One of the students reported on his obser= 
-vations and I bownowed the specimens long enough to get motion pictures 
of them in action. I have a bibliofilm copy of the article by Felix Bernard , 
( Anatomie de C. orcutti Dall,lamellibranche a coquille interne® Annales de 
Scie Nate Zoole ct Paleontologie,1897~. Tome Quatrieme.) in which he describes 
the anatomy of a specimen sent to him by Dr. Dall. The s tudent who was obser= 
-ving the living mollusks, in the rush of final examinations let the animals 
dicand lost the shells, unfortunately, so we have nothing to show in our 
collection. A similar fate befell a third specimen that another group found 
later. 

I appreciate the material you have boen sending mea nd may have time 
some day to work on shells again. I am laying the papers away for the school 
library. I enclose a small contribution toward postage and other expense 
of publication.". 

Weds Bowcr, 340 Third Street South, St. Petersburg 5, Florida. " It gets 
increasingly hard to find here species one has not had before, but I have 
had fair luck this seasone Most of my collecting this winter is for a pift 
to the new Children's Museum in Nashville, Tenn. It is all financed, city 
has given a building, admission is to be freee They will pay express on 
packages sont them,and I am sure they would welcome such duplicates as any of 
your members wish to contribute." 

Eede Fost, 609 We Emma St., Tampa 3, Floridae Mr, Post gave your editor his 
Florida address but it was lostand this is the first wo have heard s ince he 
lcefte Reports he has boen busy anc not too welle 

E, Sidney Marks, 655 Koarny Avee, Arlington, NeJe ° Congratulations on a 
fine piece of works Your little publication is invaluable, especially the 
discussion of the various frenera of bivalves. The other notes are very inter» 
“esting espocially those on west coast shells and I find them useful, even 
though I have not much west coast material." 

LeMe Wright, CEM, U.S. Wiavv, 418 Plaza Hotel, Miami, Florida. “ Have just 
received the copies of the Minutes of the Conchological Club of S80. Calif, 
and am pleased beyond words. I feelve have the makings of a similar club 
here in Florida and just hope with the end of the war I can be instrumental 
in its formation. I tried to get up a paper on the Pectens recentlyand gave 
it upe They are quite a tangle of subgenera and you seem to have done a fine 
job for the Pacific in your #35. " 

Carl W. Erickson, 4 Windsor Aves, Auburn, Mass. ° As @urator of Conchology 
at the Worcester Ifusoum of Natural History on a voluntary basis I have been 
conducting weekly classes this winter inthestudy of shells, or mollusks to be 
more exacts I have a dozen pupils, all adults, and an average attendance of 
about eight. No feo is charged for the instruction and I am not compensated, 
the Museum conducting a series of adult instruction courses, all on the same 
basis. I have prepared some mimeographed material and a few illustrations 

to go with it. Prints have been mace of these illustrations and it all seems 
to work out verywelle ® 

Foul He Reed, Box 267, Tavares, Florida. We have a nico letter from the 
Editor of Mollusen. He states that his #3 will be mailed Jan. 25. We will 
lovk for ite 


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Distributional List 
oe 


WEST AMERICAN MARINE MOLLUSKS 
from San Diego, California 


to the Polar Sea 


From the procee dings of 


Qt CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB 
of SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


Part L. Pelecypoda 


John Q. Burch, Editor | 


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The following list of Mollusca is composed of species reported 
Recent along the west coast of North America between San Diego, Calif. 
and the Polar Sea. Each species will be followed by a reference to the 
number of the Minutes and page on which it is discusseds Species and 
subspecies that in our opinion have been erroneously reported in other 
faunal lists, or placed in the synonymy of other species, will be omitted 
from this list, but will be found in the text discussion. An *® preceed= 
~ing a species indicates that it is a questionable member of our fauna 
but with records that wo ennnot definitely disproves 


CLASS PELECYPODA 
Order PRIONODESMACEA 
Family SOLEMYIDAE(SOLEMYACIDAE) 
Genus Solemya Lamarek,1818 33:7 
Subgenus Acharax Dall, 1908 33:7 
Bolemya a assizii Dall, 198 Off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, south to Aguja 
Point, Poru, in 1036-1800 fathoms. 33:7 
Solemya_ johnsoni Dall,1891. Puget Sound to Panama 33:7 
Subgenus Petrasma Dall ,1908 3387 
Solemya panamensis Dall,1908. Montoroy, Calif. to Panamae 33t7 
Solemya valvwlus Carpenter,1864. Monterey, Califse to Gulf of Calif. 33:7 
Family NUCULIDAE 
Genus Nucula Lamarck, 1799. 33:7 
Nucula exigua Sowerby, 18326 Golden Gatey Calif. to Patagoniase 3337 
ubgenus Ennucula Iredale, 1931. 33:7 
Nucula cardara Dall,1916, Monterey, Calif. to Lower Calif, in deep water,33< 
Nucula carlottensis Dall,1897« Queen Charlotte Islands to Anacapa Ide 3387 
Nucula darella Dall, 1916. Off San Diego, Califs in 822 fms 3338 
Nucula linki Dall,1916. Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia to Guaymas, 
exico 3388 
Nucula quirica Dall, 1916. Chigachik Bay, Cooks Inlet, Alaskasy 3338 
Nucula tenuis Montagu,1808, Northern Europe, Northeastern North America, 
Circumboreal. Point Barrow, Alaska to Cedros Id., Mexicos 33:8 
Genus Acila He & Ae Adams, 1858. 33:8 
Subgenus Truncacila Schenck in Grant and Gale, 1931. 33:38 
Acila castrensis Hinds, 1843. Sitkn, Alaska to Codros IdeyMoxe 33:8 
Family NUCULANIDAE (LEDIDAE) 
Genus Nuculana Link,1807 ( Leda Schumacher, 1817) 
Nuculana ambifa Dall,1905. Monterey Bay, Calif. 33:9 
Nuculana buccata Steenstrup,1842. Arctic Ocean and Bering Strait. Also 
~~ Atlantic. 53:9 
Nuculana conceptionis Dall,1896. Aleutian Islands to San Diego,Calif. 33=9 
Nuculana fosea Baird,1863- Kotzebue Sound, Alaska to Puget Sounds 33:9 
Nuculana fossa curtulosa Dall,1916, Bering 8ea and Unalaska,. 3339 
Nuculana pernula Muller,1779¢ Arctic Ocenn to Plover Bays Atlantice 33:9 
Subgenus Saccella Woodring,1925-6 
Nuculana redondoensis Burch, 1944. Monterey, Calif. to Ensenada,Mexe33:9-10 
Nuculana cellulita Dall,1896_. Craig, Alaska to Puget Sound. 33:10 
Nuculana burchi Willett,1944, Off Redondo Beach & El Segundo,Calif. +4128 
Nuculana oxia Dall, 1916. Santa Rosa Island, Calif. to Gulf of Calif. 33310 
Nuculana minuta Frbricius, 1776.6 Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Calif. Also 
Atlantic. 33311 
Nuculana minuta lomaensis Dall, 1919. San Diego, Calif. 33:11 
Nuculana penderf Dall,1910. Forrester Id., Alaska to Santa Barbara Ids, 33:11 


#45= p 4 
Nuculana taphria Dall, 1897. Bodego Bay, Calif. to Lower Calif, 33:11 


Subgenus Thestyleda Iredale,1929. 
Nuculana hamata Carpentcr,1864. Puget Sound to Panama Bay. 33:11 


Nuculana hamata limata Dall,1916, Santa Barbara to San Diego, Calif, 33:11 
Nuculana leonina Dali,1916. Straits of Fuca to Montercy Bay,Calif. 33:11 
Subgenus uncertain 
Nuculana amiata Dall, 1916. Off San Diego in 488 fathoms, 33311 
Nuculana daili Krousec, 1885. Unslaska, Aleutian Islands, 33:11 
Nuculana extenuato Dall,1897. Off Sitke, Alaska , 1,569 fathoms. 33:11 
Yuculana fiascona Dall,1916. Off San Diego, Calif. in 822 fms. 33:11 
Nuculana gomphoidcéa Dall,1897. Off Tillemook, Oregon in 786 fms». 33311 
Nuculann liogona Dall,1916. Bering Soa in 1,401 fms, 33:11 
Nuculana eoolnea Dall,1916. Farallones Islands to San Dicgo,Calif. 33:11 
Nuculana phenaxin Dall,1916,. Off San Diego, Calif. in 822 fms. 33:11 
Nuculana pontonia Dall,1889. Santa Barbara Islands,Calif. to Perue 33:11 
Nuculana radiata Krause, 1885. Arctic Ocean; Plover Bay, E. Siberia; Okhot+ 
=sk and Bering Sense 33:11 
Nuculana spargana Dall,1916, Santa Barbara Islands to Point Loma, Calif. 
$5311 
Genus Yoldia Moller,1842 ( Portlandin Morch,1853) 33 :12 
Yoldia myalis Couthouyi,1828, Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound. 33:12. 
Yoldia limatula Say,1831, Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Calif. 33:12 
Yoidia limatula gardneri Oldroyd, 1935. Gardner Bay, Pender Harbors 33:12 
Yoldfa scissurata Dail,1897. Arctic Ocean to San Diego, Calif. 33:12 
Sub genus pee A Grant and Gale, 1931, 33:13 
Yoldia cooperi Gabb,1865. San Francisco Bay to Todos Santos Bay,Mexe 33:13 
Subgenus Megayoldia Verrill and Bysh ,1897, 33:13 
Yoldia thraciaeformis Storer,1838. Arctic Ocean to Oregon. Atlantic, 33313 
Yoldia secunda Dall,1916. Southeastern Alaska in deep watere 33313 
Yoldia beringiana Dall, 1916. Bering Sea to Anacapa Ido, Calif. 33:13 
Yoldia montereyensis Dall,1893, Chirikoff Ide, Alagka to San Diego.33:13 
Yoldia martyria Dall,1897. Prince of Wales Ids, Alaska to Gulf of Calif,33-13 
Yoldia yancouverensis Smith,1880, Vancouver Island, 35:13 
Subgenus Yoldiella Verrill and Bush, 1897. 33:13 
Yoldia siliqua Reeve,1855. Norton Sound, Alaska to Cape Simpson, B.C.33213 
Yoldia intermedia Sars, 1865. Bering Strait and Norton Sound, Alaska, 
Circumboreal. 33:13 
Yoldia oricia Dall, 1916. Oregon to San Diego, 33:13 
Yoldia sanesia Dall,1916. Southeastern Alaska to Pte Conceptions 33:13 
Yoldia capsa Dall,1916, Aleutian Islands to Gulf of Calif, 33:13. 
Yoldia cecinella Dall, 1916, Aleutian Islands to Gulf of Calif. 33:13 
Genus Cyrilla As Adams ,1860, 33:13 ( Pleurodon, Nucinella) 
Cyrilla munita Carpenter in Dall,1898. Santa Rosa island, Calif. to 
Tat. 34 8S. 33:13 
Genus Malletia Desmoulins, 1832. 33:14 
Malletia faba DalT,1897. Queen Charlotte Islands, B.G,. to Lower Calif.3 
53314 
Malletia fiora Dall,1916, Off Sitka, Alaska in 1,669 fms, 33:14 
Malletia pacifica Dall, 1897. Chignak Bay, Alaska to Monterey, Calif, 35:14 
Malletia talama Dall,1916, Bering Sea to Orogone 33:14 
"Genus Tindaria Bellardi,1875. 33:14 
Tindaria brunnoa Dall, 1916. Bering Sea to Tillamook, Oregon. 
Tindaria californica Dall, 1916. Santa Barbara to San Diego, Calif. 33314 
Tindaria cervola Dall,1916. Off San Diego in 822 fms. 33:14 
Tindaria dicofania Dall,1916, Off San Diego in 822 fms. 33:14 
Tindaria gibbsii Dall, 1897. Queen Charlotte Islands to Coronado Ids, 33314 


#45= p & 
Tindaria kennerlyi Dall, 1897. Off Sitka, Alaska to Santa Barbara Idse in 
eep Watere Ootl4 
eee martiniana Dall, 1916. Cape San Martin to Santa Barbara Islands 
: in deep water 33114 
Tindaria mexicana Dall gree Geeeen Diego, calif, to eogPurccs) Mexico in 
deep water. 33:14 
Tindaria ritteri Dall, 1916, orf La Joss galifornia ia 293 fms, 33:14 
Family GLYCYMERIDAB ~ -- 
Genus Glycymeris Da Costa, 1778 3483 
Glycymeris corteziana Dall, 1916, Santa Catalina Ide to South Coronado 
Island. 34:3 
Glycymeris keenne Willett, 1943. Forrester redenay Alaska, 3413 
.* Glycymeris migueliana Dall,1916, ,Oregon to Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif . 
| and the Cortez Bank. 34:3 


Glycymeris profunda Dall,1879, Qff eopetane Island and Redondo Beach, Cal, 
3433 


_* Glyoymeris septentrionalis ( Middendorff), 1849, a ecks Islards to 

Forrester Island. 34:4 

Glycymoris subobsoleta aeeeoncend 1864. haereeen Islands to Lower Calife34:4 
ubgenus Tuceta Bolten,1798. 34:4 

#Glycymeris multicostata - poneeta, 1832, Newport Bay, cae to Guayquil.3434 
amily LIMOPSIDAE ~ 
Genus Limopsis Sasso,1827. 34:5 
Limopsis akutanica Dall, 1916. Off Akutan Ide, Aleutians, 72 fms. 34:5 
Limopsis die Legonsis Dall,1908. Santa Barbara Islands to Coronado Ide 3435 
Limopsis -skonea eacaatainl 1916. Bowers Bank, Bering Sea in 30 fms. 34:6 
Subgenus maplecorie Dall,1908, 34:5 . 

Limopsis vaginatus Dall, 1891. Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands&e 3436 

Pamily ARCIDAE ' 
Genus Areca Linnaeus, 1758. 343 5 ; 
Subgenus Arcopsis Von Koenen,1885« 3416 

Arca solida Broderip and ie ea Santa Monica, Calif. to Paita, 

—— Porae 5415. 
Subgenus . Acar Gray,1847. 34: 6.) 

Arca pernoides Carpenter,1857. ( Arca bailyt. Bartsch,1931). Topanga Beach 
(near Santa Monica) to San Geronimo Island, Gulf of Calif, 34:6 
Subgenus Barbatia Gray,1847« 34:7 

Arca reeveana d‘Orbigny,1846. Santa Monica, Calif 3) Peru -and Gallapagos 
Islands. 34:7 

‘ Subgenus Larkinia Resend, 1935. 8407 | 

Area multicostata Sowerby,1833. Newport. Bay, Califs uy / Panama and the 

Gallapagos Islands, 34:7 : 

Genus Bathyarca Kobelt, 189, PET 
Bathyarca nucleator ucleator ( Dall),1908. San Diego, cals. to Pankiae. 3437 
Bathyarca pompholyx ( Dall),1908, Santa Barbara, Calif. to the Gallapagos 

Islands and mid Pacific in deep meter. 3437 
- Family PINNIDAE 

Genus Atrina Gray,1842. 34: 7 

Atrina oldroydi Dall,1901. San Pedro, Calif. to Sse) Island and Magdalena 
_ Bay, Lower Calif. 3437 
Family PTERIIDAE 

Genus Pteria Scopoli,1777. 3438 

Pteria sterna Gould,1851. Hueneme Point, Calif. to the Gulf of Calif. 
and south to boeen Perue 5438 

* Pteria viridozona Dall,1916. Long Beach, Calif. 5438 


.#45= p 6 
Family PEDALIONIDAB 

Genus Pedalion Solander,1770 ( Melina Rotz.,1788, Perna Brugs,1799) 34:9 
Pedalion chemnitzinnum d‘Orbigny,1845. Coronado Islands tu Chile, Also 

Atlantic. 34:39 

Family PHILOBRYIDAE 

Genus Philobrya Carpenter,1872, 54310 

Fhilobrya sotosn Carpenter,1864,. Forrester Island, Alaska to Gulf of Calif , 
Family DIMYIDAE 

Genus Dimya Rouault,1848, 34:10 
Dimya californiana Berry,1936, Santa Monica, Calif. in 100 fms, 34:1N 
Dimya corallfotis Berry,1944. 10 miles off Huntington Beach, Calif. 37:11 

~~ Family OSTREIDAE 

Genus Ostrea Linnagus,1758, 54:11 
* Ostrea palmule Carpenter,1857. 34:11 
Cstrea lurida Carpenter,1864< Sitka, Alaska to Cape San Lucas, Lower Cal, 34311 
Ostrea luridn laticaudatn Carpenter,1864. Puget Sound to Gulf of Calif,34:11 
Ostrea lurida cxpansa Carponter,1864. Monterey to San Diego,Calif, 34:11 
Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter,1864~. Redondo Beach, Calif, to Panama, 34:11 
Ostrea chilensis Philippi ( Introduced) Morro,Mugu,Newport Bays. 34:12 
Ostroa virginica | Gmulin,1792,. ( Introduced) 34:12 
Ostrea laperousii Beh eeneL ( Introduced) 34312 

Fomily PECTINIDAE 

Genus Pecten Muller,1776, 3533 
Pecten diogensis | Dall, 1898 esMionterey, Calif, to San Benito Ids, 35:4 

~~ Subgenus “Chiamys Boltcen,1798. 3534 
_Pacten hericius Gould,1850, Fort Althorp, Alaska to San Diogo, Calif. 36:4,5 
Peeton hericius pueoeoeie 1,8. Oldroyd ,1920. Craig, Prince of Wales eaeion 
~~ ""€o Newport Bay, Calif. 35:5 
Pecten hericius albidus Dr11,1906, Aleutian Islonds. 35:6 
Fecten hustatus Sowcrby,1843, Monterey to off Newport Bay, Calif. 35:6 
Fecten hindsii Carpenter,1864. Bering Sea to San. Dicgo, Cnlif, 35:6 
Feeten hindsii dsii jordani «rnold,1903. Forrester Island, Alaska to Puget Sound 
* Pecten hindsii kincaidi ‘di Oldroya, 1920, Portage Bay, Alaska to Puget Sound. 
* Pecten islandicue | iuller,1776. 55:8 
Pecten beringinnus | ne dencen ete 1849, Bering Sca, Umnak Island and the Aleute 
“fans, 66:6 
Feeten lowei Hertlein,1935. Catalina Island to Gulf of Calif, Galapagos.35:8 

~~ Subrenus Patiropocton Dell1,1898, 35:8 
Peetens caurinus Gould,1850. nen Alaska to Humboldt Bay, Calif. 35:8 

Subgenus _Leptopecton Verril1,1897. 35:9 
Pecten 1] tiaurs vtus © Conrad,1837. San Francisco Bay, Colif. to Gulf of Calif~ 

worries 35:9) 

Pecten Intlauratus monotimeris Conrad,1837. Monterey, Calif. to Gulf of 
~~ “California 35:9 
* Pecton tumbozensis <' Orbigny,1847, Santa Burbara Islands to Porus35110 

‘Si beonus Ply Tootonium Dell,1898. 35:10 
« Pacten cireularis So.‘ Saisane 35310 
Peoton cireulrris aeyuiculeatus Carpenter,1865. Santa Barbara, Calif. to 

~ Capo San ‘Tucas, L Lower Calif. 35:11 


iG? 9 


nm 


#45= p 7 
Subgenus Propeanmussium De Gregorio, 1884. 35:12 
‘Poctén push cnet Dall;i871. Pribiloff Islands, Boe Son, and southward 
om ANTA ° pasbard Islands. Japane 35:12 
Peoten destavon Dall,1897. Davidson and Bowers Banks, Bering Sons 35314 
Subgenus “Delectopooten. Stewart, 1930. $5314 
Peéten randdlphi Dail,1897~ Bering, ee to Capo Blanco, 225-1964 fms, 55:14 
Pecten randolphi tillamookensis: Arnold, 1996 « Pribiloff epee snes s Sea 
7 ‘to San Diego, Califse S5:l4a° ° . 
* Pecten Arces Dall,1913.» 35:14‘ esa 
Pecten vancouverensis Whitenves,1893. Boring Sea to San Diego, Calif. 35:1l4a 
Pesten’ bisurlatus Dall,1916, ort San Diego, Calif. in 822 fms. 35314a 
Pecton ‘noongruvs Dall, 1916. Off San Diego, Calif: in 684 fms. 36:14 
Pevten binéminatus Hanna,1924( ‘P. andérsoni Dall,1918) Dolphin:and Union 
“Strait, Arctic Osean 35:14a ve athe 
Bub conus Cyclopecten Verrill,1899. 363140" ee 
Pecten catalinensis” Willett, 1931. 0 Off Catalina Island and Redondo Beach, 


California in 75 to 100 fmb. 35314a i 
~ Pecten’ whiteavesi Dall, 35:144 * SF ee 
Genus Hinnites Defrance,1821. 35:11 -: 
Hinnites giganteus | Gray,1826, Seen Soe to Veer erene Bay, Lower @alif. 
Family LIMIDAE 2 


Genus Lima Brupguiere,1797. 35114b * ‘ 
Subgenus Mantellum Roding,1798. 35:14b 
Lima dehiscens Conrad,1837~ Monterey, Calif’. to Acapuleo, Mexe EMS 
Subgenus Limatula Wood,1839, 35314b _ : 
Lima attenuata Dall, 1916. 35214b 
Lima subauriculnta liontagu, 1876. Forrester Yelena, Oiaevs to San Spelsas 
Bay, Lower Calif, 35:14b°- : oe 
Family ANOMIIDAE - oe 
Genus Anomin Linnaeus , ‘1756. 3633 
Anomia peruviana d' Orbieny, 1826, San: pecees Calif, to Peru and the dalinparee 
Istands. 56:3 © : 
Genus ‘Pododesmus Prada ppl 1837. 3693 - 

‘ Subgenus ‘Monin Gray,1649. 3633 . es 
Pododesmus macroschisma ( Deshnyes), 1839. SueneEH Bering Sea from the Prib~ 
Jilof Islands to dapnn and the Okhotsk Sea 6n the west, and ‘on the 

east south to and including the whole coast of Lower Calif. 3623 
Pododesmus 'folinta Broderip © Sen Pedro, Calif. to Guayaquil. 3614 
Family MYTILIDAE . : , 


Genus ‘Mytilus Linnaeus ,1758, 3637 . : 

- Mytilus californianus nus Conrad, 1837. Unalaska, Meduten oes) eastward and 
* southwird to Socdrro Tein Mexicd. 3637 

Mytilus edulis Linnaeus,1758.6 bathe O¢ean‘to Cerros Island and worldwide 


in temperate waters. 3637 41:7=13 : ‘ 
# Mytilus preyanus Dunker, 1853. San Podro to San Diego; Calite 3638, 9.37811, 
4]: 7-13. 


Subgenus Hormomya Morch,1850. 56: :9 : 
Mytilus stearnsi P3 Pilsbry & Raymond, 1898. Santa Barbare, Galifs te Oaxaca, 

Méxtco.,o6:10 °° 2 

_ Genus pope gen Recluz;1848. 36:11 ’ 

Septifer bit: Abas Contdd):,: 1837. Crescent City, Calif. to Gulf of Calif. 
Septifer ie ane us obsoletus Dall,1916. Santa Barbara to San Diegoe 36:11 
ae Volsella Stopoli,1777. ( Modiolus Lamarck, 1799) 36:12 
Volsella modiolus ( ieqneeusy, 1758. tretic Ocean ‘to Monterey,Califs 36:12 
Toons cnpakx ( Conrad) ,1837. Santa Bhrbara, Calife to Payta,Peru. 36:13 
Volseila racta ( Conrad),1837. Bolinas Bay, Calif. to Magdalena: Bay. 36:15 


sit ry 


#45 p 8 
Volsella recta ta flabellata (Gould),1850, Vancouver Island to San Diego. 563135 
Volsella forniente ( Garpenter),1864. Trinidad to San Pedro and Cortez 
Banke 368 é 14 
Subgenus {Amyrdalum Megerle von Muhlfeld,1811, 
Volsella pallidula (Dall) ,1916. Off Bodega fea Calif, and south to Cérros 
Island, Lower Calif. in dcep water. 36:14 
aubeomis Brachidontes Swainson,1840,. 36:15 
Volsella demissus ( Dillwyn),1617. ( Introduced). San Francisco Bay. 36:15 
Subgenus ( Uncertain) 
Volsella diegensis ( Dall),1911. San Francisco Bay to Cape San Lucas. 36315 
Genus Botulina Dall,1889. 37:3,4. 
Botulina denticulatea ( Dall), 1871. Sante Barbara,’ Calif. to Acapulco,Mex, 
S734,6,0 © 
Genus Botula Morch,1853. 37:6 
Subgenus Adula He & As Adams, 1857. 37:6 
Botula falcata ( Gould), 1851. Coos Bay, Oregon to San Diegoe 37:6 
Botula californiensis ( Philippi), 1847. Vancouver Island to San Diegoe 37:36 
Genus Dacrydium Torell,1859. 3736 
Dacrydium pacificum Dall, 1916. Bering Sea,1,401 fms. 37:6 
Genus Lithophaga Roding a7o8, OT 30,7 
pubpenue it Diborus panes 1898. 3737 


pr en eee -— 


ee Myoforceps ee 1886. 37:37 
Lithophaga aristata Dillwyn, 1817. La Jolla, Calif, to Peru. Atlantic. 37:7 
~ Subgenus Labis Dall,1916. 37:7 
*Lithoshaga attenuata noaneee: 1836. Monterey to Patagonia, 37:7 
Genus Modiolaria Beck,1838 ( Musculus Roding) 3738 
Modiolaria nigra ( Gray),1824. Arctic Occan to Oregons Circumboreal. 3739 
Modioleria nigra obesa ( Dall), 1916. Arctic Ocean tc Cape Flattery. 37:9 
Wodinlaria protracta ( Dall),1916. Nunivak Island, Bering Seas 37:9 
Hodiolaria olivacen (Dall) ,1916. Bering Sea, innate Island, Alaska, 37:9 
Modiolsria imprcssa ( Dall), 1907. Petrel Bank, Bering Sea. 37:9 
Modiolarin tyylori ( Dall),1897. Victoria, Vancouver Island, B.C. 37:9 
Modiolaria substriata ( cor 1824. Arctic Ocean to Puget Sound, 3739 
Wociolaria corruz ata urnta ( pasa 1851, Arotic Ocean to Puget Sound. Circum= 


‘boronle 3739 
Modiolarin vernicosa S Midcendorff), 1849. Bering Sea to Sitka. Also 


inodiolaria ey ix ( aoe 1915. St. George Island, Bering Seae 3739 
Yiociolsria marmoreta ( Fomee), 1838, Puget Sound. Circumboreale 37:9 
bociolaria | sceminuds. ( Dall), 1897+ Bering Sen to Forrester Id»,Alaskae 3739 
“Genus Crenelle Brown,1827-~. 37:9 
Crenella decussata Sant eeneces Bering Sea to San Pedro. Atlantic, 37:9,10 
Crenclls divaricnta d'Crbipny,1645. Senta Barbara Islands to Panama. Also 
~ West Indies. 37:1) 
Crenelln leana Dall,1697. Aleutian Islands, castward to Middleton Island, 
~ Alaska. $7310 
Crenella columbiana Dall,1897. Aleutian Islands to San Diego,Calif. 37:11 
Crenella A grisea I Dall,1897. Bering Sea to Sitka, Alaskae 37:11 
Crenella rotundata Dall, 1916, Senta Cruz Island, Calif. in 155 fms. 37311 
“Fr aer ANOMALODESMACEA 
Family PERIPLOMATIDAE 
Genus Periploma Schumacher,1817. 37312 
Periplom: planiuscula Sowerby,1834. Point Conception, Calif, to Negritos, 
= epenils ole 1. 
Perivloma alaskana Williams,1940. Arctic Ocean to Mac-Leod Harbor,Montague 
Island, Prince Willinm Sound, Alaska, 57:12 


: Habe p 9 
Periploma discus Stenrns,1890~. Monterey, Calif. to La Paz 37 :le 
ubfenus “iniistrepta Da11,1904. 37:12 . 
Periplom | sulonta Da IT, 1904. oft San Pedro & Redondo Bench, Colife 37:12 
“4lip 28 coe 
Family THRACIIDAB 
Genus Thracia Blnainville,1824. 37:13 
Thracia trapezoides Conrad,1849. Craig, Alaskn to Redondo Beach, Calif. 37:13 
Thracia curta Conrad,1837. Icy Cape,Arctic Ocean, Bering Sen, south to 
San HipolitoPoint, Lower Calif. Puntn Penasco,Nexe 37:13 
Thracia beringl D1l11,1915. Bering Sea, Aleutian ielande and south to 
Sitka, Alaska. 373 14 ; 
Threcia challisiana Dall,1915. Forrester Island to Monterey, Calif. 37:14 
‘Thracia dierensis Dall, 1915. San Pedro, Calif. to Magdalena Bay. 37:14 
Genus Cyathodonta Corirad,1849. 37:15 
Cyathodonta undulata Gonred. teac. Monterey, Calif. to Tres Marias Islands, 
"  Méxicoe 37:15 
Genus Asthenothaecrus Carpenter,1864. 37:16 38:16 
*Asthonothaerus us villosior Carpentor,1864~. . San Pedro, Cueeee to Cape San 
Lucas. 67:16 O8316 
Family PANDORIDAE 
Genus Pandorn Bruguiere, 1797. 37:16 
Subgenus Kennerlia Carpenter, 1864. 57316 
Pandora grandis Dell, 1877. Pribilof Islands,. Bering Sen, to Siletz Bay, 
Oregons 37316 
Pandora forresterensis Willett, 1918. Forrester Island, Alaska. Prince 
“William Sounds Frederick Sound. 37:16 
Pandora glacialis Leach,1819. Arcetjc Ocean south to Fuca Straits.e Atlan» 
=tic. 37:16 
Pandora glacialis cutnenia Dall,1915. Port Etches and enstward to Sitka, 
~~ Alaskns. 37216 
Pandora filosi Carpenter,1864. Nunivak Island, Bering Sea to Todos Santos 
Fay, Lower Calife 38:3 
Pandora bilirata Conrad,1855. Prince William Sound, Alaska to Point Abrejos 
~~ Lower Crlifornia 38:3 
* Pandora “gronulate Dall,1915. Santa Barbara, Cnolife to Guaymas, ter 3833 
~~ Subgenus ‘Hotoroclidus Dall,1903. 38:3 
Pandora pundts tn Conrad, 1837.6 Vane ouver Island to Gulf of Calif. 3833 
“Family LYONSIIDAB : . . 
Genus Lyonsia Turton,1822. 38:5 
Lyonsin strint: Montupu, 18156 Circumboreal, Aleutian Islands to San Pedro, 
en Cawags 6555 
Lyomsian gouldii Doll, 1915» San Francigco aay to Tres Marias Islands, Mex e 
ee ee 
Lyonsia arenosa Moller, 1842. Circumboreal. Arctic? Sea to Japan and the 
"tC ithotsk 3 Sea on the west and on the east to the Aleutians and Kodiak 
Island, Alaskne 38:5 ° 
«Lyonsin Das ay 1837, Sitka, Alaska to Manuel's Lagoon,Mexe3835 


ee a rete, - eee 


eS eee 


Minoneaa SORE TCE Realise Dall, 1915. .38: 6 


“Tavonsin 


Liyonsin purotensis Dul1,1913. Chi gnik Bay, Alaska to Crescont City, Calif. 

o “Subgenus ogra Dn11,1903. 38:7 

Lyonsio amnbilis PALL, 19S. Ort Santa Barbara Channel, Calif. in 534 fms. 
Génus. Entodesma Pal iapps 1845, 98:7 . 


Entodesma'inflatum © Conrnd,1837~ Vancouver Ide to -Gugynaquile 38:7 


oo RAR Ae SRN me cane a tee 


to Forrester Island, “Alaskaoe 


#45 p10 : 
Subgenus Agriodesma Dall, 1909. 383 8 
Entodesma saxicola Baird, 1863. Aleutian Islands. to Cape Colnette, Lower 
a e 3 
* Entodesma scammoni Dall,1871, Port Simpson, B.C., San preees Calif. 38:8 
Genus Mytilimeria Conrad: 1837, 38:8,9 
Mytilimeria nuttallili Conrad, 1837. Forrester Tereean Alaska to Round 
Island, Lower cal (forte 38:9 
Family POROMYACIDAE 
Genus Dermatomya D&ll1,1889. 38 311 
Dermatomya tenuiconcha ( Dall), 1913. Alaska Peninsula to Coronado Islands 
“an deep water. 38311 
Dermatomya trosti ( Strong and Hertlein), 1937. Costes Rank off San Clemae nte 
Island. Off San Diego, Calif. 58311 . 
Dermatomya buttoni ( Dall),1916. bonterey, Calif. re 581 fms. 38:11 
Dermatomya beringiana (,Dall ),1916.°Alcutian Islands to Tillamook, Ore. 
Dermatomya leonina ( Dall),1916. Off coast of Washington,877 fmse 38:11 
Genus Cetoconcha pall,1889. 38:12 
Cotoconcha malospinae | Dall,1916.. Southwest of Sitka, Alaska. 1,579 fmse: 
Family CUS CUSPIDARI IDAE 
Genus Cuspidscria Nardo,1846, 38:12 
Cuspidarla glacialis | G.0. Sars, 1878. Off San Diogo,239 fms, Atlantic.38:12 
Cuspidaria subgin acialis Dall, 1913. Off. California coast in deep water.38;12 
Cuspidaria apodema Dall ,1916,. off Sitka, Alaska to Panama Bay. 38:12 
Cuspidaria chilensis Dall, 1889, Off Oregon in’ 277 fms.and South to coast 
of Chile in 1,036 fms 38312 aoe 
Genus Gerdiom Aw Adams, 1864.°38:12 | - 

Cardiomya pectinata ( Carpenter), 1864. Puget Sound, Be C.- to’ Panama, 38:13 
Cardiomya beringcensis ( Leche), 1883. Bering Sea ‘to Ses Island and 
——“Faname Bay. S013 
Cardipmya oldroydi ( Dall),1924. Puget Sound tp Catalina Island, 38:13 
Cardiomya californica ( Dal)), 1886, Puget Sound to San Diego. 38:13 
Cardiomya plonetica (Dall), 1908. Pribiloff Islands, Bering Sea , to 

Coronado Islands, Lower Calif, in deep wator 48213 
Cardiomya balbone ( Dall), Te Cortez Bank, GO fmse to Catalina Island, 
"50 fms. o8:13— 
Genus Myonera Dall and Smith, 1886. 38:13 , 
Myonera tillamookensis Dall,1916,. Off Tillamook Bay, Ores, 786 fms, 383135 
Genus Pleetodon Carpenter, 1864. 38:13,14 
Plectodon seabcr Carpenter, 1864, Catalina Gelence Calif. to San Diego.38314 
Family VERTICORDIIDAE 
Gonus Vorticordia Je de C. Sowerby, 1844 ( ex Wood MS) 38:14,15 
Subgenus Tri¢onulina a' Orbigny,1846, 58:15 
: Verticordia ornata ata ( d‘Orl Orbigny), 1846, Monterey to Panamae Atlantic. 38315 
“Genus Ly jyonstelsn Me Sars,1872. 38:15 ©. 
Lyonsiella | alasknna Dall, 1894, Southwest of Sitka, 1,659 mee and off 
~~ Catalina Ielend, Calif. in 600 fms. 38315 
Family CORBICULIDAE 
. Genus Corbicula Megerle ron Muhlfeld, 1811. 38318 
‘Corbicula fluminea Muller ue Introduced) Columbia River, Washingtons38:18 
~~ Order TELEODESMACEA | | 
cece ASTARTIDAL 


ea een meg eeie 31 - mee 


iene willottL Dall, 1917, Forrester Ide to Puget Sounds 3936 
Astarte | rollandi ~ Bernordi 218586 Pribilof and Aleutian Idse to Prince 
William & Sound, eens Aleo Kamchatka. 3936 


» dhe5— p 11 
Astarte rollandi loxia D711,1902, Serial Islands,:Alaskye 39:6 
Astarto arctica “Gray, 1824. Gircumborcal, Aretic,oand Bering Seas and ‘the 
Aleution Islands. 39:6 
Astarte borealis Schumacher,1817~. Polar-nnd Bering Scas, North Japan and 
eastward to Prince William Sound, Alaska, Atlantic. 39:6 
Astarte alaskensis Dall,1903. Southern Boring Sen, to Aleutians and south 
~ to Puget Sound. Herschel] Island, Arétic const. 39:6 
Astarte fabuln Reeve,1855. eSNG ON IS Sena Sen and south in Bering, 
Son, Nunivrk etapa. 3936 ’ 
Astarte bennottLi Dall,1903. Polar Sen at Bonne’t ustand, and south in 
Bering Sea to Nundvale Islande 39:36 
Astarte vernicosnm Dall,1903. Arctic and Bering Sens. Attu to Atka ids. in 
eae auoralicutienmchadne conn 
*Astarte globosa Moller,1842. Arctic Coast to Greenland. 39:7 
~Astarte esquimalti Bate 1863. Aleutian Islends to Puget Sound. 39:7 
Genus Bernirdina Dall, 1910. 39:7 — 
Bernarding bakeri Dall, 1910. Point Loma, San Diego, Calif. to Magdalena 
Bay, Lower Calife 39:7 ; 
Family CRASSATELLIDAE 
Genus Crassatella Lamarck,1799 ( Crassatellites Kruéger,1823). 3838 
Crassatella fluctuata ( Carpenter),1864° Sante Barbara Islands to San 
~ Pedro, Calif. 39:8 
Genus Crossinell. Guppy,1874. 39:8 
Crassinella oregoncnsis Keen,1938, Coos Bay, Oregons 39:9 
Crassinella brannori Arnold, 1903. San Diego to Panamas 39:9 
“Family CARDITIDAE S910 11.12 
Genus Glans Megerle von Muhlfeld, 1811. 59310,11,12,13 
Glans carpenteri Lamy,19226 Queen Ghaniocre Telanan, British Columbia 
“to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. 39:13 
Genus Cardito Bruguiere,1792. SOCIO Voie, lo 
Subgenus Cyclocardia Conrnd,1867. 59:15 
Cardita barbarensis Stenrns, 1890. Santa Barbare Channel in deep watere 
Cardita couldfi Dell,1902. Ort San Diegoy Calife 39:13 
Cardita stenarnsii Dall, 1902. Puget Sounde 39:13 p 
Cardita paucicostata frees 1885. Arctic Sen to Fuca Straits. 39:13 
Carditn crebricostata Ata Krauso 1805. se Barrow, Alaska to Monterey, 
Calif. 39:13 
Cardita nlaskana Dall,1903. Izhut Bay itcenae Ide to Victoria, BoC. 39213 
Cardita ornssidens _Broderip md Sowerby,1829. Arctic and Bering Sens 
‘and enstward to Kodink Island, Alaskan. 39:13 
Cardita bailyi Burch, 1944 ( Gerba hodulosa sa_ Dall) Santa Barbara to 
the Coronado Islands. 39:13 
Cerditn umnaka Willett,1932. Umnnk Islond, Alaska. 39:14 
Carcita ventricosn Eon 1850. Belkoffski Bay, Alaska to Coronado Islands 
~ , and Cortez Bank, Calif. 39314 
Cardita redondoensis Burch,1944. Off Redondo Peach, Calif. in 100 fms. 
7 39:14,15,16 iS 
Cardita incisa Dall,1902. Unalaskn to Semidi Islands, Alaska. 39:17 * 
Baten Genucatn dont cur Dal1,1903. 59317 
Miodontiscus - prolongntus Cupence, re Be cele arek) Island, Alaska to 
Son Diego, Calif. 59:17 
Miodontiscus meridionalis Dall1,1916. Off Point Loma, Calif. in 70 fmé. 
~~ Genus Galyptogena Dall,1891,: 39:17 
Calyptogeny pacific? Dall,1891. Clarence Strait, Alnska to Santa Barban 


Channel, 5317 
Calyptogens cloneita Dall,1916,. Sante Barbara Islands to San Diego. 59:17 


pide p 12 
Genus Milnerin Dall,1881. 39317 
Milneria minima Dall, 1871. Monterey ‘to Rosario Bay, Lower Calif. 39:17 
; Miineria soueee Dall, 1916. Monterey to Pt, Abrejos, Lower Calif. 39:17 
Family CHAMEDAR } 
Genus Chama Linnaeus,1758, 39318 , 
Chama pelluetda Brodorip 1835. Oregon to Chile and davepa coe 59318 
* Chama frondos1 Broderip,1835, San Diego, Calife to Peru, 39:18 
Genus Pseudochama Odhner,1917, 39:19 
“ Pseudochama exogyra Conrad, 1837. Oregon to Panama, 39319 
Pseudochama =e ciil Strong,1934. Monterey to Catalina Island, Calif. 39:19 
eas FoR Ty THYASIRIDAR 
Genus Thyasira Leach ( in Lamarck,1818), 39320 
hynsira biscota Conrad, 1849, Off Alaska Peninsula and southward to 
he Oregon coaste 39320 ; 
Thyasira gouldii ouldii Philippi, 1845. Boring Strait to San Diego ? Atlantic, 
Thyasira emt d'Orbigny,1646, Sitka, Alaska to San Diegoe Atlantic. 
Thyasira cy ygnus Dall, 1916, Southeastern era 39321 
Thyasire: SR EROEC Dall,1889, Fuca Straits to Gulf of Calif. 39321 
Thyasira oxeavata Dall, 1901. Oregon to Gulf of Calif, 39:21 
hy asira tricarinata Dall, 1916. Off Santa Barbarn Islands, Calif, in 1,100 
athomse o9seL 
Subgenus Axinulus Verrill and Bush,1898. 39321 
Thyasira ferruginea Winckworth,1932( T. ferruginosa ( Forbes). Aleutian 
Islands. Also Atlantic and Arctice: 39321 
Genus Axinopsis GeO. Sars,1878. 39221 
Axinopsis' seracatus Carpenter, 1864, Aleutian Islands to Todos Santos Bay, 
Tower Calif, 39322 
Axinopsis wiridis Dall,1901,. Aretic Ocean,on the west to Japan, on. the 
east to the A Rieuttan and Coronado Islands, 39:22 
Family UNGULINIDAE (DIPLODONTIDAE) 
Genus Taras Risso,1626 ( Diplbdonta Brown,1831) 39:24 | 
Taras alouticus(Dall)1901.4 Cape Lisburhe, Arotic Ocean, to the. Aleutim s 
and: eastward to Sitka Bay, Alaska, 39:24 
Taras orbellus ( Gould), 1852. Pribilof Islabds ,' Bering Sea to Gulf of 
alifornia. 39324 
Taras subquadratus: ( Carpenter), 1855. Off Santa Monica, Cavin to Panama. 
Subgenus Folanivlla Dall,1899, 39:24 
Taras sericatus ( Recve), 18506 Monterey, Calif. to Panama 39:24 
Family LUCINIDAE | | 
Genus Lucinda Bruguicre,17976 4035 
Subgenus Anodontia Link,1807, 40:6 
¥Lucina edentuloides Verrill, 1870, 8an Clemente Ide to Gulf of Calif. 4036 
Subgenus Here Gabb, 1866. 40:6 °* 
lucina excarata C: farrenter: 1857» San Pedro, Calif, to Mazatlan, Mexicoe 
“Bubgenus Lucinisen Dall, 1901, 40:6 
Lucina nuttallii Conrad, 1837, Monterey, Calify to Mezattans Mexe 40:6 
Subgenus Lucinoma Dall,1901. 40:7 . 
Lucina annulata Recve,1850, Port Althorp, Alaska to Coronado Ids, 4037 
Tucina acquizonata Besar ee 1890, elas Barbara Islands to south latitude 
~~ 68 ( Chile). 40:7 
Subgenus Epilucina Dall, 1901. 4937 | j 
Lucina californica Conrad, 1837. Crescent City, Calif. to San. Ignacio 
Lagoon, Lower Calif, 40:7,8 
Subgenus Parvilucina Dall’, 1901, 40:8 
Lucina eran Saat 1865. * Hunivale Id. to pononeds: Ids, 4038 


te) eo 


ao tee meee See 


#45—= p 13 
Genus Divaricellna von Martens, 1880. 40;8 
*Divaricella perparvuls Dell, 1901. Monterey, Calif. to Ecuador. 40:8,9 
a Family LEPTONID.E  40:9,10,11,12 
Genus Erycinn Lamarck,1805. 40313 
Erycina coronata Dall,1916 ?? Off Coronado Islands 40:13 
Erycina santarosae Dall, 1916. 77 Santa Rosa Island, Calif. 40313 
Genus Kellia Turton,1822~. 40:13 
Kellia laperousii Deshayes,1839.. Bering Sea, The Aleutian Islands and 
south to Panama. 40:14 
Genus Rochefortia Velain, 1876, 40314 
Rochefortin tumida tumida Carpenter, 1864. Shumagin Islands, Alaska to San Diego « 
to Scammons Lagoon, Lower Calife - 
Rochefortia planata Dall,1885~e Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean south to the Shumagin 
Islands, Alaskae 40:15 . 
kochefortia ferruginosa Dall, 1916. San Francisco Bay to Santa Rosa Ide 


ee ee er are emee 


Rochefortin beringensis Dn11,1916,. Bering Island, Bering Seng 49215 


aaah leer iene tar penemenelikeasees-yeemeer oir Renee eae Be) 


Rochefortia probnbtzskii Dall, 1916, Bering Tedends Bering Seas 40:15 
Rochefortia olouticn Dall Dall, 1899, Bering Sea to Gononaae Islands. 40:15 
Rochefortia compressa | Dall, 1911. Shumagin Islands,Alnskn to Gulf of Calif. 
Rochefortia pedroans Dall, 1899 Morro Bay to San poorer Calife 40:15,16 
Rochefortia fa_polischi Dall, 1916. Off Santa Rosa Islands, Calife 40:15,16 
Rochefortin | Brippi Dall,1912. San Diego, Cnlif. 40:15 
Genus Serridens Dall, 1899, 40:16 
Serridens oblonga Gapencer. 1664. Monterey, Calife to San Hipolito Pt. 40:16 
~~ Gonus Pseudopythinn Fischer,1884.. 40317 
Pseudopythinn rugifera Garpenter,1864. 40:17 Puget Sound to San Bartholome, 
Lower Caltife 40317 
Pseudopythina compressn Dol1,1899. Cape Lisburne, Arctic Ocean, to Acapulco. 
Pseudopythina mynciformis Dall, 1916. Puppet Sound. 40:17 
Pscudopythina bakeri ( Dall), 1916, ( Erycina bnkorf Dall) Off South 
Coronado Island, Lower Crlifs 40:1 
Pseudopythina chacei ( Dall), 1916. ( reyeine chacei Dall), Santa Rosa 
Island to Coronado Islandse 40:17,18 
Genus Bornin Philippi, 1836. 20118 é, 
Bornia retifera Dall,1899. Monterey to Santa Barbara Islandse Malaga Cove, 
Los Angeles county, Calife 40:18 
Genus Lepton Turton,1822. «0319 
Lepton merocum 1 Carpenter, 18646 Puget Sound to San Diego. 40319-12 
Genus Lasaea Brown, 1827. 40319,2) 
Lasaen cistula Keén,1938. Pte Arena, Calif. to Ensenaday Mexe 40219 
Lasaen subviridis pall, 1899. Humboldt Co.e,Calif. to Lower Calif. 40:19,20 
Genus Turtonin nicen 1848.6 40:20 : 
Turtonin minuti(Fabricius), 1780, Bering Strait ond south to Magdalena Bay, 
“Lower Calif. 40:20 
Turtonia occidentalis Dall,1871. Plover Bay, Bering Sea to Rodman Bay, 
“Alaska, 40:20 
Gcnus Montacutn Turton,1822. 40:21 
Montacuta balliens ( Dell), 1916. ( Erycina balliana ana Dall). Off South 


wr ree eee tm se ee ee ee 


Coronado lsimnd, Lower Colife 40:21 
Genus Aligena H.C. Lea,18456 40321,22,a3 
Alipena corritcnsis Arnold, 19034, La Jolla, Califs to Magdalena Bay,Mexe 
+ ®* Aligony mi nuceo Dall,1913. Gulf of Californias 40:23 
Aligcns redondoensis Burch,194l. Off Redondo Beach, Santa Rosa Ide and 
7) We Jolie, Calite.20: 23 
Genus Sportella Deshayes, 1858. 40:24 , 
Sportella enlifornion Dall,1899~. 72 Monterey, Calif. 40: 24 


ete ercerwermeme eee eee 


#45~ p 14 
Genus Anisodonta Deshayes, 1858, 40 324 
gntsodonte pe eliucida Dall, 1916, Monterey bay, Calif. off Del Monte. 40324 
Family Ty CHLAMYDOCONCHIDAE 
Genus Chlamydoconcha Dall,i664. 40324 
Chlamydoconcha orcutti Dall, 1884, Monterdy to’ Mission Bay, Calif. 20324 
Family CARDIIDAE 
Genus Trachycardium Moreh, 1853. 41321 
Subgenus Dallocardia Btonaees 1930, 41:21 
Trachycardium quadragenarium ( Gocreo 1837. Santa Barbara, Calif. to 
Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. 41321 _ 
Genus Clinocardium Keen,1936. 41:22 ' 
Clinocurdium blandum ( Goulds 1850. Puget Sound, Washe 41323 
Clinooardium nuttallii ( Conca Gor. Nites Pribilof, and Commander 
Islands, Bering Sea, south to Hakodate, Japan, and San Diego, 41 123 
Clinocardium cilintum ( Fabricius), 1780. Circumboréal. Arctic Ocean 
and southward to Puget Sound and‘North*Japane 41324. 
Clinocardium californiense ( Deshayes), 1841, Japan, Bering Sea eastward 
~~ to Sitka, Alaska. 41324 © te 
Clinocardium fucanum ( Dxll), 1907. Southern Bering Sea, off Unimak Id. 
7 “and south to Monterey, Calif. 41324 
* Genus Trigoniocardia Dal1,1900, 41:25 
* Subgetus Americardia Stewart,1930. 41:25 
Trigoniocardia biangulate ( corerhy), 1829, Redondo Beach, Califte to 
Guayaquil. 41325 
* Genus Lacvicardium Swrinson,1840, 41325 
Laevicardium eletum(Soverby), 1833. San Pedro, Calif. to Panama, 41326 
Lacvicardium substrintum(Conrad), 1837. ilugu, Ventura Co, to Acapulco,/Mex. 
~ Genus Scrripes Gould,1841, 41326 ° 
Serripes groonlindicus(Bruguiere),1789,. Circumboreal, Arctic Seas and south 
to Hakodate, Japrin and Puget Sound. 41:26 
Serripes laporousii | 4 Deshayes), 1839. Circumboreal. Bering Strait to 
Hakodate, Japan and Sitka, Alaskn. 41:26 
Genus ee Meck, eae ae 27 


Seneanc tr ammeneenedlinanmetner War tayo lac: Seneeenieneent 


Alaska ~ to San Francisco, “Galif. 4 41% e7 
Family VESICOuY ACIDAE 
Genus Vesicomyn Dall,1886, 41:27 : 
Vesicomya | ovilis ball, 1896. Clarence Strait, Alaska, 322 fms, and in 
~~~"Prnama Bay, in 1,672 fms. 41:27 
Vesiconya lepta Dall, 1896. Off Tillamook, , Oregon and south to the Gulf of 
California in neo waters “41:27 
Vesicomya stcarnsii Dall,1695. Off'La Jolla, calif. ,and south to the Gulf 
~~ of California in Been wotere 41327 ’ 
Subgenus Archivesica Dall,1908. 41:28 
Vesicomys gigas ; Dall, 1696. orf Point Sur, California and in the Gulf of 
oa in oop watere 41:28 
_ Family VENERIDA& ; 
Genus Dosinia Scopoli,1777. 4235 
Subrenus Dosinidia Dall,1902,. 42:5 
* Dosinis ponderosa ( Gray, 1838. San Dicgo, Calif. to eeyeay Peruse 4256. 
' “Genus Tivela Link,1807. 4236 
Subgenus “Pachydesme Conrad, 185i, 4236 
paved ‘stultorum x liawe), 1823. Half pen Bay, Galife. to Lower Calif. 42:6 


et Oe wee te nee ere cee 


v 


a eee 


vd 


#45 p 15 
Genus Amiantis Carpenter,18636 42:6,7 
Aminntis callosa ( Conrnd), 1837. Santa Monion, Calif. to Gulf of Tehuan- 
~ stoped, Mexico, 42:37 
Genus Pitar Romer,1857. 42:7 
Pitar nowcomblianus ( Gabb), 1865. Monterey, Calif. to Gulf of Calif. and 
Clarion i8lnnde 42:7 : 
Pitar idn Tegland,1928. Sitka, Alaska. 42:7,8 
Genus Antigona Schumncher,18176 428 
Subgenus Yantricolna Roemer,1857. 42:8 
Antigona fordi (Yates), 1890. Monteroy, Calif. to Panama e 4288 
~ Genus Saxidomus Conrnd,1837— 42:8 - 
Saxidomus nuttalli. Conrad, 1837: Humboldt Bay, Gelite to San Martin Island, 
~ Lower Calif, 42:8 - 
Saxidomus giganteus ( Deshayes), 18394 Aloutia Islands: from ay, eastward 
and. south to Monterey, Calif. 42:9 
Genus Chione Megerle von Muhlfeld,1811. 4:7 
Chione fluctifraga ( Sowerby),1853. San Pedro, Cnlif. to Gulf of Colif.42:9 
Chione undatelir ( Sowcrby),1835. Mugu, Ventura Co. to Guayaquil. 42 39 
Chione californicnsis . ( anes a ye 1835 (°C. succinctn Val.) Mugu, Calif. 
to Panamas 42:10 iia 
Genus Venus Linnaeus,1758. 42:10 
Subgenus Mercennria Schumacher,1817. 42310 
venus kennicottii Dall,1871, Nenh Baye Washe Little River, Mendocino Coe 
© Calaty 2en0 
Genus Humilaria Grant and Gale, 1931. 42:10 
Humilaria kennerleyi (Carpenter in Reeve),1863,. Kodink Island, Alaska to 
Carmel Bay, Calif, 42:11 
Genus Compsomyax Stewart,1930. 42:11 
Compsomynx subdiaphann ( ae panten 1864. Seannakh Telands,Alaske to Todos 
Santos Bny, Lower Cnlif. 42:11 - 
Genus Protothnen Dall,1902. 42:1J,12 


Protothaca tencrrims ( Gnecenten ys 1856 Vancouver » BsCs to Cape. San Lucas, 


Lower Calif. 42:12 . 


Protothace restorationensis ( Friazell), 1930. ede Sound to Half toon 


Bay, Calife 42:13 
Protothaca pee ( Conrad), 1837. Aloutinn Islands south to Kamtchatka 


pmapmemenenmnme qeamnie op acemene inane 


Island. 423 13 
Protothaca Incinints ( Carpenter), 1864 ainatnave pea ene Alaska to Estero 
~~ de Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calife- 42:14 

Genus Venerupis Lamarck,1818. 42314 

Subgenus nuaareepee Chinmenti, 1900 42314 


Venorupis philippincrum Adems ond Reeye,1850, ( Introduced). Puget Sound. 


a momen peer 


Ladysmith Harbor, BeCe 42:14,15 
. Genus TIrus Okon,1815,. 42315 
Irus lamellifer ( Cena 18376 Monterey to San Diego, Calif. 42:15 
Genus Liocyma Dal1,187%. 
Liocyma beckii Dell, 1870 Plover Bay to North baer on eas east to Port 
~~ Althorp, . hinevas 42:15 
Liocym: scammoni Dall,1671,. Port Simpson, British Columbia. 42315 
Tlooym” viridis Dnll, 1871s Arctic Son southward to North Japan and on the 
~enst to tho Rodin Islnnds, Alaska. 42:15 
Liocyma schefferi Bartsch & Rehder,1939~. Chuginadak Ide, Aleutians to Atka 
~ dstand.e 42315 
Genus Gemma Deshnryes ,1853-6 42316 
Gemmn_ gemma Totten,1834. ( Introduced) San Juan Islands to San Francisco -« 
42:16 


145 p 16 
Genus Psephidia Dall,1992. 42314 
-Psephidia lordi ( Baird), 1863. Unalaska, Alaska te Coronado Felande 42316 
Psephidia ovalis Sr 1902. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea to. San Diego.42:16 
Psephidia cymata mata Dall, 1913. Santa Barbara Ialands to Gulfof Calif, 42:16 
Psephidia brunnea arate 1916 ,Kjonterey, Calif. to San Ipolito mosaes Lower 
~~~ California. 42316 
Psephidia salmonea (Carpenter), 1864. .Farralone Islands to say Martin - 
Island, lower Calif, 42:16 °°," .° scp. 0 He ee oy fe ae 
Family PETRICOLIDAE. . ae ae ae 
Geniis Petricola Lamarck,1801. 42:18 , - 
Subgenus Petricolaria Stoliczka, 1870. ‘42; 18 ; 
‘Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck,1818. Introduced. Wiltara Renbor ely 
and San Francisco Baye 
Subgenus Rupellaria Fleuriau-Bellevue,1802. 42: 18. : 
Petricola tellimyalis ( Carpenter), 1864. Santa Monica, Calif. to San Mar-= 
“tin Island, Mexico, 42:18,19 


Petricols carditoides Conrad, 1837, Vancouver . Tetene Bee! eS Magdalene . Bay, 
‘Lewér California. 42:19 et at 


Petripola californiensis:Pilgbry and: Lowe, 1932. “Wonterey “to San Ipnacio 
Lagoone 42:19, 20 a 
Family COOPERELLIDAE 
Genus Cooperella Carpenter, 1864.» “42: 20 
.Cooperella subdiaphana (' Carpenter), 1664.4 Queen Charlotte Islands. to Guif 
cf California. 42;20 
Family TELLINIDAR . |. ; ae 4 
Genus, Tellina Linnaeps, 1758. | . 43535 ae ; ie 
Subgenus Tollinella *Gray® moreh,1853. ° 43 55%, oe e 
Tellina idae Dall, 1891, Santa Barbara, Islands and San Pedro, ‘Calif, 4316 
Subgenus. Horises Dall,1900.: 4336 . i as 
* Tellina lamellata Ganpenten. 18575 43:6 San DioRe: to Mapatiene 
* “Tellina declivis Sowerby,1868. 43:6 Gatalina Id. to Panama. . 
Subgenus Mqenella Fischer, 1887. 4336 
Tellina salmonea Garpenter,1864. Aleutian Islands ,to San Pedrs, Calif. 4336 
Tellina moropsis Dall,199Q. San Diego, Calif. to Gulf of Miele 45% 6. 
“~~ Subgenus Angulus Megerle,18ll. 4336,7 
Tellina carpenteri Dall1,1900. Forrester arlene Maske to ipa ASiT 
Tellina tabogensis Salisbury,1934. Ct. neneneneie Dall,1900) Catalina 
Island to Panama Baye 4337 es 
. . Subgenus Oydardia Monterosato, 1885, 4337 : 
Tellina modesta Carpenter,1864. Nencouves Island to Lower Calif. 43:7 
Tellina buttoni Dal1,1900, Lituya;Bay, Alasks to Gulf of Calif. 4338 
~~" Bub ge aaa ene Dall,1900. 43:8 - 
‘“Fellina bodegensis : Hind Hinds seed engen: Charlotte Islands, Be Ce to: Gulf, of 
“Californias Japan? 43:38 
Tellina santarosae Dall,1900. Santa parhare islands to, Ensenada, Mons 4338 
Telliha lutea Wood, 1826; Aretic Ocean,Bering Sea, North Japan, ‘the Aleut 
~"=jan islands and east to Cooks Inlet, _ Alaska. 43:39 f 
“Tellina: lutea venuloss-Schrenck,1861. Sentry Islands, Alaska ; Sakha}in 
Isiand, J Japan, 435 2539 , ee 


- 


“ : ei 


Genus. Apolymetis Selispury,1929:; 43:9 | 
‘ Apolymetis: biangulata: ( Carpenter), 18565 { Metis alta alte 2 Conrad), Senta Barbara 
Calif. to Ensenada, Lower Calife 43:9,10 
Genus Macoma Leach,1819. 43:10. 
Macoma middendorffii Dall ,1884. Bering strait, ipoatn to the Commenter ane 


~ Aleutian ie and pooa ane to ae jetands ALADK 43310 


r 
f 


‘ ri 


#45 p 17 
Macoma incongrua (Martens), 1865. Arotic Ocean, south to Japan on the west 
and to San Diego, Calif. on the enst. 43310 
Macoma brote Doll, 1916. Bering Sea to Puget Sounds 43:10, ll 
Macoma rota lipara Dall,1916. Rering Soa to Puget Sound. 43:11 
Macoma sitkana Dall ,1900. Kodiak Iland to Lituya Bay and Sitka, Alaskae 
Macoma calenrea Gmelin, 1792. Circumboreal. Arctic Ocean to ‘North Japan 
and to Monterey, Calif. 43:11 
Macgma moesta ( Deshayes), 1858. Circumboreal.s Arttic Ocean, Bering Sea 
and eastward to ‘tho Shuma gin Islands. 45: 11 
Macomn nasutn ( Conrad), 1837. Kodink Island snd Cooks Inlet, Alaska and 
Eouth to Scammon's Lagoon, Lower Calif. 43:11,12 
Macoma irvs ( Hanley),1845 ( tacoma inguinata (Deshayes) Bering Strait 
to Japan on the west and to Monterey on on the east. 43:12 
Macoma inconspicua ( Broderip and Sowerby) , 1829. Arctic Ocean to San Diego. 
i a a | 
* Macoma leptonidea Dall,1895. Santa Barbara Channel and Texas Coast.43t13 
Macoma kelseyi Dall,1900. Puget Sound to Coos Bay, Orepons 43:14 
Macoma quadrana Doll1,1916, Boca de Quadra, Alaska and south to Coronado 
Islands, Lower Calif. 43314 
Macoma planiuscula Grant and Gale, 1931. Nunivak Island, Alaska. 43:14 
Macome carlottensis ( Whiteaves),1880, Arctic Ocean and south to Ballenas 
Lagoon, Lower Calif. 43314 
Macoma. liotricha Dall,1897. Aleutian Islands’ and eastward tq the Shumagin 
~Tslands, Alaskn, 43:15 
* Macoma expansa Carpenter,1864. Puget Sound to La Jollo, Calif. 43315 
Macoma youd Wane Carpentor,1864_ Fuca Strnit to San Diego,Calif. 43:15 
Macoma alaskana Dall,1900. Lituyn Bay fo Gulf of Georgia. 43% me 
Section Hesiunecsue Conrad, 1869, 43:15 
Macoma indentata Carpenter, 1864; ‘Puget Sound to Lower Calif. 435 i5 
Macoma indentata tenuirostris Dnl1,1900. Ssn Pedro and Santa Barbara Isle 
~—“sands to Sin Die go, Calif. 433 16 
Macoma secta ( ot ee 1869. Vancouver Island and south to Gulf of Calif. 
Family SEMBLIDAE 
Genus Semele Sohumnacher,1817¢ 43316 
Semele decisn ( Conrad), 1837 ¢ San Pedro, Calif. to San Martin Island.43:17 
Semele flavese ‘lavescens Gould,1851. San Pedro, Calif. to Callao, Peruse 43:17 
Semele strios: C.Be fae 1852, Catalina Island to Pananiae 43317 
Semele rupicoln Dnll,1915. Santa Cruz, Calif, to Gulf of Calif. 43317 
Semele rubropictn Dall, 1871. Forrester Island, Alaska to Tia Juana,Mex. 


RODENT er “K jasmeeeenen tener 


‘sSondle californion he Adams, 1854, San Diego, Calif. south. 43:18 
Semele Intongrua rua Carpenter, ,1864.Monterey, Calif. to Coronado Islands.43:18 
Semele pulchra Sowerby, 1832. Monterey, Calif. to Eoundor. 43:18 
~~ Genus Cumingin Sowerby,1833. 43:18,19 
Cumingin californica Conrad,1837~6 Mendocino Coy Calif. to oaks San Lucas, 
‘Lower Calife ? 43:19 
Family DONACIDAE 
Genus Donax Linnaeus,175B~. 45:20 
Donax cnlifernicn Conrad, 1837. Santa Barbarn, Calif. to Panamas, 43329 
Donax Donax pouldii Dall,1919. San Luis Obispo, Calif. to Acapulco,Mexico.43:D 
~~ Feniily GARIDAE (PSAMMOBIIDAE SANGUINOLARIIDAE) 
Genus Gari Schumacher,1817¢ 43:21 , 
Subgenus Gobracus feaehs 1852. 43:21 
Gari regularis (Carpenter), 1864. San Diego, Calif. to Cape San Lucas, 
Gari californicn ( Conrad),1868. Japan,Kamtchatka, the Aleutian Islands 
and ‘south “to San Diego, Calif. 45:21 : 


#45 p 18 
Gari edentula ( Gabb),1869. San Pedro and Catalina Island to San Diego. 
Off Redondo Beach, Calif’s 43322. 
Genus Seneuinnteanta Lamarck,1799. 43322 
Subgenus Nuttallia Dall, 1898, 43322 
Sanguinolaria nuttallii Donred, 1837. San oe Calif. to, einen Bay, 
Lower Calif, 43322 
Genus Heterodonax Morch,1853. 43:22 
Heterodonax bimaculata Linnacus,1758. Montorey, Calif. to Panama. Also 
Atlantic. 43:22, — j 
Genus Tagelus Gray,1847, 43323 
Tagelus californianus ( Conrad),1837. Montercy Bay, Calif, to Gulf of 
Tehuantepece 43:23 
Tagelus affinis ( C.B. Adams),1852,. Santa Barbara, Calif. to Panama, 43:23 
Tapelus subteres ( Conrad),1837. Santa Barbara, Calif. to Panama. 43:23 
Tagelus politus ( Carpenters iesr. Santa Barbara, Calife to Panama. 43:23 
“Family SOLENIDAE . 
Genus Solen Linnaeus,1758,. 43327 
Solen sicarius Gould 11850. Vancouver Island, B.C, to San paar Lower 
~ Galifornia. 43; 27 
Solen rosaceus Carpenter,1864. Santa Barbara, Calif. to cul of Calif, 45 § £27 
Genus Ensis Schumacher,1817. 43327 
Ensis californicua Dall, 1699. Monterey, Calif. to Gulf of Calif. 43:27 
Genus Siliqua Megerle von Muhlfcld,1811. 43:27 © 
Siliqua lucida ( Conrad) ,1837. Bolinas ee Calif. to Todos Santos Bay, | 
Lower California. 43327 
Siliqua media ( Sowerby), 1839, Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, 45328 
Siliqua patula ( Dixon),1788. Aleutian Islands to Pismo, Calif. 
Siliqua alta ( Broderip and Sowerby),1829. Cooks Inlet, Alaska and west= 
-ward to Bering Sea and Siberia. 43329 
Family MACTRIDAE 
Genus Anatina Schumacher,1817. 44:3. 
Subgenus Raeta Gray,1853. 44:3 
Anatina undulata ( Gould),1851, San Pedro, Calif. to Panama. 4433 
Genus Mactra Linnaeus,1767. 44:3-8 
Mactra californica Conrad, 1837. Neah Bay, Washington to Panama 4434,5 
Mactra nasuta Gould,1C5l, San Pedro, Calif, to Mazatlan, Mexicos. 4434,6 
Genus us Spisula Gray , 1837. 44 35—22 a 
eeeele dolnbriformis Conrad, 1867. Redondo Beach, ‘Calif. to wor Calif. . 
: 14-17-70 
see polynyma alaskana ‘Dall, 1894. Arctic Ocean at Cape Listurne, south 
to Bering Sea and the aleutians and eastward to Puget Sound, north 
Japan, the Kurile Islands and the Okhotsk Sea. 44310,19 
Spisula hemphillfi ( ell). 1894, Redondo Beach, Calif. to Corinto, Nicaur- 
magus. 44:19,20 
Spisula poet iiipacaie Conrad,1867. Neah Hay to San Diego,Calif. 44:20,21 
“Spisula falcata ( Gould), 1850. Puget Sound to Cortez Banks and the Core 
~~ *onado Islands. 44:12,21 
Spisula planulata (Conrad),1837. Monterey, Calif. to Cape San Lucas.44:13,21 
Genus Schizothaerus Conrad,1853. 44:22,23,24. 
Schizothaerus nuttallii ( Conrad),1837. noninaen Calif. to Scammon's 
Lagoon, Tower Calif, 44:22,23,24 
Schizothaerus nuttallii capax ( Gould),185%. Kodiak Island to Monterey. 
44322 
Family MESCDESMATIDAE 
Genus Ervilia Turton,1822. 44:25 | 
Ervilia eoalifornice Dall,1916. San Pedro to Magdalena Bay. 44325 


#45 p 19 
tae MYACIDAE . 
Genus Mya Linnaeus,1758. 44:25 


Mya truncata Linnaeus,1768, Circumboreal. Arctic Ocean to Bering Island 
“on the west and to Puget Sound on the east. 44:25 
Mya truncata uddevallensis Forbes,1846. Afognak Id. and Raspberry Id. 44:25 
Nya japonica Jay,1857. ( Mya intermedia Dall,1898). 44:25 
Mya arenaria Linnaeus sha brivalg;feanaunesi= Greanianas Atlantic Coast 
~~ of North America to Carolina, Alaska south to Japan and to Vancouver 
Island, B.C. San Franciseo Bay ( Introduced). 
Genus Cryptomyn Conrad,1849. 44:26 
Cryptomya californion ( Conrad),1837. Chicagoff Isinnd,Alaoskn south to 
Topolobampo, hiexico. 44:26 
Genus Sphenia Turton,1822. 44:27. 
Sphenia frogilis Carpenter,1857. Oregon to Mazatlan. 44:27 
Sphenia ovoidea Carpenter,1864. Aleution Islands to Puget Sounda nd San 
Diegoe 44:27 
Sphenia trunculus Dall,1916. San Diego, Calif. to Panamoe 44:27 
Sphenin pholadiden Dall,1916. Bolinas Bay to Imperial Beach, Onlif. 44:27 
~~~(Sphenia globula Dall ,1919) ( Sphenia nana ( Oldroyd) 4:27 
Genus Platyodon Gonrad, 1837. 44:27 
Platyodon cancelintus ( benred)) 1837. Queen Charlotte Island to San Digo. 
44 327 ' 
Family ALOIDIDAE ( CORBULIDAE). 
Genus Aloidis Megerle von Muhlfeldt,1811. 44:28 ( Corbula Lamarck) 
Subgenus Lentidium Cristofori and Jane,1832. 44:28 
Aloidis obesa ( Hinds),1843. Catalina Island to Panama. 44:28 
Aloidis fragilis ( Hinds),1843. Monterey,Calif. to Salina Cruz,Mexe 44:28 
Aloidis luteola ( Car CeRta eG 1864. Monterey, Calif. to Acapulco,Mexico.44:28 
Aloidis porcella ( Dall),1916. Santa Rosa Island to Panama. 44:29 
Aloidis kelseyi (.Dall),1916. Esteros Bay to Catalina Island, 44:29 
Genus Grippina Dol1,1912. 44:29 
Grippina onlifornica Dall,1912. San Diego, Calif. to Guadelope Ide 44:29 
Family SAXICAVIDAE 
Genus Panope Menard,1807. 44:29 
Panope generosa Gould,1850. Forrester Island, Alaska to Seammons Lagoon, 
Lower Calif. Gulf of Calif. and Japan. 44:20 
Genus Panomyn Grniy,1857~ 44 330 
Panomya turgida Dall,1916. Unalaska to the Schumagin Islands,Alaska. 44330 
Panomya beringiana Dall,1916. Eastern Bering Sea 44:31 
Panomya ampla Dall,1898. Arctic Ocean,Aleutian Islands, to Puget Sound ? 
Genus Saxicavella Martens,1885. 44:31 
Saxicavella pacifica Dall,1916. Redondo Beach, Calif. to Todos Santos Bay, 
~~ Tower Calif. 44:31 
Genus Cyrtodaria Reuss,1800. 44:31 
Cyrtodaria kurrinana Dunker,1862. Arctic Ocean and south to Norton Sound, 
Alaska. Also on the west coast of Greenland. 44:31 
Genus Saxicava Fleuriau de Belleyue,1802, 44:31 
Saxicava arctica ( Linnaeus),1767. Arctic Ocean to Panama. Also Atlantic. 
44332 
Saxicava pholadis ( Linnaeus),1771. Arctic Ocean to Panamae Also Atlantic. 
Family PHOLADIDAE 
Genus Barnea ( Leach) Risso,1826. - 44:32,33 
Barnea pacifica Stearns,1871. San Francisco Bay to Scammons Lagoons 44332,535 


#45 p 20 
Genus Zirfaea Gray,1842. 44:33 
2irfaea pilsbryi L Lowe ,193lo Bering ‘Sea to Soammons Lagoon, Lower Calif. 

Genus Parapholas Conrad,1849. 44:33 ~- 

Baza UnOHee californica :( Conrad), 1837. ‘Coos. Bay, Oree to San Diego. 44333 
Genus Pholadidea Goodall in Turton,1819.. 44:33,34. , 

Pholadidea penita ( Conrad),1837. Chirikoff Islands, sleska to San Diego.44:33 
Pholadidca penita sagitta Dall, ,1916, Puget Sound to Socorro Id. 44334 
Pho ladidea ovoidea(G Gould),1851. Bering Sea to Gulf of Calif. 44:34 
Pho ladidea Pholadidea_ parva arva Tryon, 1865. San Francisco to Scammons Lagoon, 44:35 

~~ Subgenus Nettastomella Carpenter,1865. 44:35 
Pholadidea rostrata Valonciennes,1846. Puget Sound to San Diego. 44335 
Genus Martesia ( Leach) Bleinvilie, 18246 44335 - 
Martesia xylophaga Valenciennes ,1846.° San Francisco to Panamae 44:35 
Martesia intercalata Carpenter,1855,. Farralone Islands to Mazatlan. 44335 
"Genus Navea Gray,1851. 44:35 
Navea subglobosa Gray,1851, Lobitas, Calif. to San Pedro, calif. 44: 35, 
Genus Xylophaga Turton,1822. 44:36 
Xytophaga mexicana Dall ,1908 Monterey, Calif. to Acapulco ,Mexs 4a: 36 
Xylophaga californica Bartsch,1921. Pt. Pinos Light to Catalina Id. 44:36 
Xylopha ga washingtona Bartsch,1921. Puget Sound, moke ae Bay, B.C. and 
off Oregon and Washington. 44 336 © 
Family TEREDIDAE 
Genus Bankia Gray,1840. 44:36 
‘ Bankia setacea ( Tryon),1863, Bering Sea to Gulf of California, 44:36 
Genus Teredo Lirinaeus,1758. 44336 
Teredo beachf Bartsch,1920, San Pablo Bay,’ Calif. 44:36 
Subgenus Toredops Bartsch,1921. 44:36 
‘ Teredo diegensis Bartsoh,1916. San Francisco Bay to San Diego. 44; 37 
Subgertus Lyrodus Gould,1870, 44:37 ° 
Teredo townsendi Bartsch, 1922. South San Francisco, Calif. 
ROK RIE OR ORR KK a aC fo A OK ook 


#45 p 21 

During our work on tle Pelecypoda we lnid aside on even 100 of all 
notes and figures. These have been bound into book form in proper order to 
key with the nttached faunnl list. A good perventnage of tne 100 books hnve 
nlready becn ordered but we hnve geome on hande Inasmuch os 11 of our members 
and subscr.biag friends already hnve this material in our regular minutes, 
it seems but reasonable to request that those wishing the bound volumes 
should contribute to our fund about $5 which we will use to expand our 
publication, 


Be eR ke ee Ree RR ok ek 

At the last meeting of the club the mntter of possibly setting an 
annunl subscription rate to our minutes as well as perhaps establishing 
a small printed periodical wos dissussed. The matter was left to the dis- 
-cretion of the editor, whose opinion is that we should make no change in 
policy at this time. Possibly we could publish a journal but in doing so 
we assume o great mony obligntions that we are happily free from at this 
timee However, the opinions of our friends and members on this matter will 
be welcome, 

AIR IOIIOIOIOIOIDIO IOI IDI ROR 

We are going to have trouble with our paper. It seems thnt the govern= 
-ment has ruled ogninst the manufacture of any more 20 lbe papere The hest 
we can get is 16 1b, which seems to be entirely too thin to mimeograph with 
any success on both sides. Prge 2 of Minutes #44 is on plnin newsprint. 
This is fer from the queljty of paper we would prefer to use but if we are 
only going to run one side of the shcvt we might as well use newsprint which 
is comparatively verv inexpensive: In fact the cost of the two sheets is 
much lees than one shect of the paper we have becn using, Anyway, it seems 
thot we are not going to mimeograph on what we would like but rather on 
what we can gete 

ROR FOR OR IOI IO I IK I 
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 

Mr, George Willctt hans sent in the following corrections: 
"A fow minor errors noted in your list of Pelecypodn: 

Galapagos has only one L, and Pribilof ono F, so these are misspelled 
throughout. 

Your summation of renges in the list do not follow collecting data as 
given under the spccics in the following: 
Modiolnrin vernicosn should be SE to Forrester ae 


Crenella grisey ’ SHoto | = 

Pscudocham. age enti S, to San Kenitos 

Pseudopythin® rugiforna N. to Crnig, Alaska 

Tellinn salmonea S. to Los Coronados 

Masoms que cnn a N. to Ketchikan ond Craig, Alaska 

Panomy: torcide, S, to Forrester Ide3 also I think Puget Sd. 


recox eae or ~Panomyn must apply to this species, not to ampla, but I 
have mislnid Oldroyd's paper on Puget Scund nnd do not remember how 
sho teented it- I know she had the two species mixed later. 


Mr. Willett iso sent 4n the following extension of rangec 
Plectodon sanbor Go: “perser { Minutes #33. pe 14) add: Clarion Island=Ban-= 
-deras bay~ Chameln bay, Mexico ( 18 degrees Ne Late)e 


een 


#46 pl 

MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN C.LIt QvulTa 

etre gree March 1945 a 
A letter to the members by the editor: We have been playing with our cameras 
lately. The result is the inclosed plate. We are not too proud of it and 
hope to improve our tecniquee While these pictures are very irc xpensive 
compared to other plates, they do, nevertheless, cost us somo money. The ex# 
~pense of making such material for each of our active members would be nom= 
-inal. However, we have by invitation increased our mailing lict to the 
rather amazing figure of cround 700. A large part of those are libraries of 
museumsand universities. These institutions would in large part gladly sub- 
-scriie to a reasonably priced periodical but cannot officially simply donate 
a sum to our fund. On the other hand neithcr your present editor nor any 
other member of the club seems disposed to enter the publishing business 
either 28s individuals or on behalf of the club. Our little paper is simply 
our hobby and we hesitate to permit it to get out of hand. We all have our 
rempuler business or job, and our time for shell affairs is naturally limited 
to hours of recreation. The expenses of our mimcographing material has been 
niccly covered by the generous contributions of members and friends. So this 
photographic idea is simply submitted. If we recciv@ enough money to cover 
the costs we will continue to include them with our other papers. If not, 
the idcva must be abandoned. So this is more or less a " passing of the hat® 
on the »hotographic doal. 


We had thouglt the © publication” complaint was more or less forgotten, 
our peper having becn quoted and cited by a number of authors. However, we 
have recently received a letter from one author wishing to quote somo of 
our conclusions who is concerned about including us in his formal bibliogr= 
~aphy of publications becouse of the format of our paper. All of this still 
secus very nxbsurd to mu. Of course, my life has been spent largely in courts 
and lew offices whcre there is 2 more democratic atmosphere regarding publi-~- 
~cations. Some very fine services to lawyers sre published by mimeograph or 
multigraph. Some of the greatest collections of nonsense in my library either 
at th: office or in my home conchological library are bound in ornate covers 
inclu ing the gold lettering, and some of the files most treasured in both 
librarics are papers scrawled with pencil on seratch paper by mon or women 
whom 1 think knew what they were writing about. You may select your scientist 
if you virh by his taste in type or binding, but please accept my advice 
and, if you wish to win your case, choose your lawyer from those who judge 
the subject matter of their books rather than the format, But please do not 
infer from the satove that we think we are among those who know what we are 
talking about. We are not in the least like one eminent scholar in the field 
of conchology who when asked a pertinent question about a disputed point of 
esr ony replied © Why bring that up again, I.settled that mattur ten years 
ALO > 

SE A OR ARR OR ROOK OR ROOK 2K ROR ROR OR OK OR 6 
Please mail ali news about shells, shell publications etc. to your 
CCItor; 
John Q. Burch, 
4206 Halldale Ave., 
Los Angeles 37, Celifornia. 


Tl: next meeting will be held April 1,1945, at the Los Angeles Museum, 
Exposiiuon Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 P.M. 


#46 p 2 
Dre FeM.e MacFarland, 775 Santa Ynez, Stanford University, Calif. 
*T shall be glad indeed to be counted in your list of friends for the 
February issue of the Minutes, if I am not too late. Something like this: 
F.Me MacFarland, 775 Santa Ynez Ste, Stanford University, Calif. 
5,9,10. Especially desirour of securing specimens in alcohol or dilute 
formalin of Opisthobranch Mollusks. 


Your recent radula notes prompts me to add a few points from my own 
experience. 

Clean radula in dilute potassium hydroxide, cautiously heating over a 
small flame in a test tube,applying the flame nenr the surface of the liquid 
rather than at the bottom of the tube. Wash well in several changes of wator. 
Examine in dilute glycerine. Rinse in distilled waterand stain in a pale 
solution of Bismarck Brown in distilled water until desired depth of stain 
is reached. Rinse well and transfer to dilute glycerine. I have used many 
other stains such as Dahlia, Acid Fuchsin, Basic Fuchsin, Orange Ge and the 
like but find Bismarck Brown most reliable. For permanent mounts mount in 
glycerine jelly, or dehydrate, clear and mount in Clarite ar Buparal. Dammar 
Balsam may also be used, but Canada Balsam is not advisable, since it yell- 
~ows with sage and may also crystallize. Many fine details are obscured by 
the high index of refraction of these media, which are preserved in Glycerine 
Jelly. After mounting in a drop of glycerine jelly and cooling the superflous 
medium should be carefully cleaned off the edges of the cover glass, and 
then seal in the preparation with a good cover glass cement such as Gold 
size, Brunswick Black, white zinc cement, or a seal of thin Clarite or Eup r- 
“al may bo painted around the edge of the cover with a fine brush. Another 
simple method of rendering the mount permanent is to place a large drop of 
Clarite upon the cover of the glycerine jelly mount and add a second cover, 
pressing down to force out most of the Clarite from beneath the upper cover 
which must be larger than the lower one, thus sealing the whole permanently. 

Another method which I frequently use is to mount in glycerine jelly 
between two covers, one larger than the other, e.g. 7/8" and 3" or 5/8". 

The specimen is arranged upon the larger cover, just the right amount of 
glycerine jelly is added and then the second covere After thorough cooling 
and the cleaning away of any excess of the glycerine jellythe whole is 
placed upon a slideupon a drop of Clarite, the larger cover being uppermost 
and pressed down, The end result is a radula mount in glycerine jelly com- 
~pletely sealed in Clarite or Euparal. Of course, care should be taken to 
arrange the radula so that the side to be uppermost in tho finished mount 
is turned dowmward upon the large covere The method requires care and pat= 
-ience but the end results are so good that it is worth trying. In additim 
to the whole radula I make others with isolated teeth, with rows cut apart, 
and with other modifications so as to secure all possible views of the teeth 
from all angles, for their actual shape is not always obvious. Sections of 
the preserved radulae and of the whole pharyngeal bulb made after imbedding 
in celloidin are olso very valuable, but that involves the complicated 
teenique for one without extensive laboratory facilities and training. 
eRe RR ee kk tok ok 
Lieutenant John E. Davis, Box 552, LVAAF, Las Vegas, Nevada. We are in rec~ 
~eipt of a nice box of specimens of Siliqua patula Dixon with the lieutenants 
compliments and they will be at the next meeting of the club for those who 
may need them in their collections. They were collected from Newport,Oregm 
Jan e9th, 1945, 
Ernest Ne Wilcox, 1738 Johnson Ave.,San Luis Obispo, Calif. Phone 2008. 
Ris interestsare, according to the table in Min.44~ 1,2,5,4,57,9. 


#46 p3 
Miss Julia Ellen Rogers, 355 Junipero Ave., Long Beach 4, Calif. It is to 
be assumed that we all know that Miss Rogers is the author of the famous 
* Shell Book" and we regret to learn that tho book is out of print probably 
for the duration of the war. Miss Rogers recently roceived a very interesting 
letter which was sent to her publishers and forwarded to her. It is from, 
Mr. C.L. Fox, Siota, Solomon Islands ” Dear Miss Rogers: An American here 
has loaned me your Shell Book, and I am agsorbing all I can before returning 
ite I have had so much pleasure from it that I feel that I ought to thank 
youe 1 did not collect shells before the war, although I have been living 
here 43 years as a missionary, but when the Japs came in I took it up as a 
hobbyto keep my mind off other things in the beauty and glory of the shells, 
Nearly 50 years ago I did have to s tudy them ( working on paleontology) and 
I did classify the collection of a New Zealand museum, but I see nomenclature 
has changed e.g. what we called Lamellibranchs you call Pelecypods. So far 
I have about 300 species from up to 5 miles from where I live, The commonest 
is Hippopus maculatus. You could get 100 in an hour but there seems to be 
also a Slightly different Hippopus also ( I am testing specimens)» The next 
most common I suppose are Trochus and Delphinula and Cypraea ( I have 14 
species), Very many I can’t identify from your book. Thore is a small Cypraea 
brown, black lines with a scarlet blob at each end. There is a very odd Arca 
quite out of the common and a very handsome little shell, white banded brown 
which is perhaps a Distorsio. There are many brilliantly colored oysters 
of different genera.e A Voluta said to kill a man with its bite. Many Conus 
and some lovely Strombus, Of course, several fine Mitra, episcopalis and 
papalis both common., two Pterocera and many Murex. But I wish I could 
be sure of my identifications. As you know all the native money of Melanesia 
is made from shells, small discs coarser and fine with a hole drilled and 
then strung, It takes many fathoms to buy a wife, canoe or pig. There are 
two sorts made at only two mints in the Solomons, red ( sub blood) and white 
( moon blood), The red is made from a shell called Homee a Spondylus sp, 
and the white from a beautiful Arca called Kandakee. The sun blood is the 
more valuable. But I must not weary yous 

The point is this, I have had so much pleasure from your book while it 
was with me, that as a very small return for that pleasure, you might like 
some Solomon Island shells. Tho Americans here buy the large and handsome 
ones such as Cypraca,Triton,Dolium, and Turbo, but they care nothing for 
the little shells often s0 very lovely. You, I somehow think, would like 
them all. So far, of many of my species I only have one,and could not bear 
to part with it. But I suppose I have extras of half the shells at least 
and in time I shall have several of every kind. You s0 obviously love shells, 
as I do, that I feel sure you wont mind my writing, and while there are s0 
many Americans, whom I have got to know, returning home, there might be a 
chance to get something to you, My address is Dre Fox, Siota, Solomon Islmds. 
( I know a little island where you can usually get Cypraea aurantea). 

I hope it is quite clear you would not have to pay for the shells, most 
certainly not». I would not sell them. I collect just for myself and my sister 
in New Zoaland. 

Ovulan decorates the prows of fighting canoes, and strings of it are 
worn, Yound the forehead and below the knees, of dancers, 

A AIOE 
Mrs. North McLean,® Ashrama”, Washington, Conn, ° so. We areat home this 
winter and not especially enjoying the extreme cold, ( down to and even 
below zero)) but are glad to give up the gasoline if it helps our boys at 
WAT I enjoy reading the Minutes noweand look forward to a real study of 
them later.® 


#46 p 4 

Professor Willis G. Hewatt, Professor of Biology, Toxrs Christirn University 
Fort Worth, Texas.e “I am inde:d very grateful to you for the recent copy 
of the iiinutes of the Conchological Club of Southern Californic. I have been 
very interested in the marine faunas of the California coast during the past 
twelve yenrs ond am at present preparing a report on mrrine studies on Santa 
Cruz Island.” 
Walter C. Coldwell, 2208 Massachusetts Ave., Tampa 3, Florida. " Just a line 
to let you know how much I appreciate the ® Minutes". I am now stationed at 
Camp Barkeley, Texase but think it best for you to continue sending the 
" winutes® to my home address». I have found collecting rather poor in this 
nroa, perhops due in part to my Limited anount of timo.” 

We assume that you know Caldwell is serving in the U.S. Army. 
Dr, l.G, Hertlein, Celifornia Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San 
Francisco, Calife " This morning I received a copy of your ™ Distributiodnal 
List of the W est Americen Marine Mollusks from San Diego, California to 
the Polar Sen”, I hastcn to acknowledge receipt of it and to compliment 
you on bringing all the infermation together under one covers I don't know 
how you get so much done but I om glad you do and can assure you that it 
is useful work. I have only one suggestion regarding future issues of the 
" Minutes", that is to encourege those who furnish information on the species 
of a genus or subgenus to include a key. I find such keys very useful espec= 
eially er available for a group of shells with which one is not very fam~ 
~tijar, * 
Cherles D, Nelson, R #5, Lake Michigan Prive, Grand Rapids, Mich. ® Enclosed 
plesse find my check for #2000. Kindly keep my nome on your mailing list. 
Your © Minutes” aro both entertaining and informative, and like old wine 
they improve with age. Many more years and more power to youe 

Shortly efter I wrote you last spring the Board of Education closed 
Davis Technicnl High School where I had taught for nearly 25 years, and 
scattered its teachers to the other high schools. In those 25 years I had 
built up 9 sizable Museum of Natural History, mostly of my own collection 
or by exchanges with friends. This had to be packed up nnd is now stored e 

I rm doing a little with the Naiads and have had exchanges from Kyerdam, 
the Turvors, Blakeslee, the Kotos, Doe Bales, Brend and several others. 
These contacts have most of them been from tips in your Minutes. Thanks a 
Hote” 
Cole Brown, 1218 McConnell Avee, Santa Rosa, Cnlife was on the faculty of 
the University of Nevad. for 2 good many years but is now an enthusiastic 
stucent of naturel history. He has sent us rather an extensive list of 
species which he is interested in purchasing. Members having duplicate 
specimens for sale should write him. 

We ek ee eK Rk ok aE 
New Publicntions Received 

* Variations in Strombus Fugilis Alatus™ by Calvin Goodrich, Occasional 
Prpors of tho Musoum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Noe 490, Decell, 
1944, 10 pp 


* 4 Kovision of the Mollusen of Indiana®, by Calvin Goodrich and Henry 


vender Schelie, The American Midland Naturalist, Vole32, Noe2, ppe 257~326, 
Septo, 1944. 71 pages . 
FOR OR OOO RO ORI AOR OK FO RK 

Your editor of these minutes has just been informed that if our members 
in the ermed forees oversoas will write him a letter specifically requesting 
thnt the minutes be mailed to them, there is a special postal regulation 
permitting us to stamp or write the number of the P.O. regulation and in 
this manner we van mil them the minutss without paying the first class pos~ 
“tage rate. So they. re invited to do this. Of course, it is possible that 
they may get them quickcr ns we are now mailing theme first class mail, 


#46 p 5 
Information about the International Zoologice.) Comission 
Bulletin of Zoological Nomonclature 
volel, pte 1, May,1943: 9 shillings 


2, July,1945;: 5 * Total to date: L2= 10 sh . 
3, Octe,1943: 1 pound, 10 shillings ( about $10) 
4, Octe,1944: 6 shillings ( Cost of advance subscr~ 
-iptions not stated on 
COVET » ) 


Opinions and Declarations rendcred by the International Commission on Zoo-= 
~ligal Nomenclature: 


The above work is being published in 3 volumes concurrently: 


Volume 1. This volume will contain Declarations 1-9 ( which have never pre= 
~viously been published) and Opinions 1-133 ( the original issue of whioh 
is now out of print). Parts 1-12 ( containing Declarations 1-9 and Opinions 
1-3) have now been published. Parts 13-15, containing Opinions 4-6, are in 
the press. 


Volume 2. This volume will be issued in 52 Parts, comprising all the decis~ 
~ions taken by th. International Commission at their mecting at Lisbon in 
1935, namely Declatations 10-12 and Opinions 134-181. Part 52 will contain 
the index and title pzge of the volume, Parts 1-25, containing Declarations 
10-12 and Opinions 134-155, have now been published. Part 26 is in press. 


Volume 3. This volume, which will commence with Opinion 182, will contain 
the Opinions adoptcd by the International Commission since their meeting 
at Lisbon in 1935, Parts 1-4, containing Opinions 182-185, are in press. 


Prices of Opinions 134-152, all that are in the Stanford Library to date, 
total 2 pounds, 2 shillings, 4 pence ( about $8.50) 


The most interesting Opinions to malacologists are: 
138=~ relating to the replacement of invalid names ( 1 shilling 6 pence) 
141—- relating to the naming of families and subfamilics ( 2 shill. 6 pence) 
145=- on the status of names first published in works rejected for 
nomenclaturial purposes and subsequently published in other 
WOrkS ee (725 shiee6.d), 
147e- relating to the rejection as homonyms of generic and subgeneric 
names of the same origin and meaning as names previously 
published ( 2 sh. 6 da). 
148-— availability of goncric names proposed as omencations of or as 
substitutes for earlier generic names of the same origin and 
meaning (22 shia coed). 


The Declarations are only statements of general principles, and several 
are already included in the Schenckand Mcliasters ® Procedure in Taxonomy «® 
We do not have a complete set as yet. The titles we have are: 
Declaration 13 Code of ethics to be observed in the renaming of homonyms (1/6 
2: On the importance of avoiding the issue of authors* 
reprints in advance of the publication of the workeo (1/6) 
3: On the importance of giving a clear indication of the 


date of issue of every zoological publication (1/6) 
4; On the need for avoiding intemperate language in discussions 
on zoological nomenclature ( 1/6) 


53; On the grant to the Inte Comm. Zool. Nomencl. of plenary 
powers to suspend the rules in certain cases (2/6) 


Fo pw 
Declaration 6 and 8 missing 


9: On the desirability of universities including zoological 
nomenclature in their courses of general and systemetic 


zoology ( 1/ 6) 

10: On the importance of forming specialist groups for the study 
of the nomenclature of particular divisions of the Animal 
Kingdome ( 1/6) 

11: On the need for a clear indication in the description of 
new genera and species of the Order and Family involvede 


Co76) 
Total cost of these Declarations listed: 11 she 6 pence 


The prices that the Commission is obliged to ask for the publications 
will probably mean that only large libraries can finance a full set. As 
the article in the Journal of Paleontology points out, the Commission is 
no longer subsidized by the Smithsonian Institution and is obliged to raise 
funds for the publication by asking for donations on the part of learned 
societies and museums the world overe A fund of L 1800 is needed to finance 
the re~publication of Opinions 1-133, now out of print, and to work off the 
back log of unpublished Opinions already reached by the Commission. Once 
this fund is accumulated, the sale of publications will keep up the costs 
os issuing new Opinions, and it is hoped that speedy action can be taken 
on new questionse These questions will be published as received in the 
Bulletin, thus enabling interested persons to keep abreast of the progress 
of the Commissions 


Contributions should be sent to the International Commission at their 
Publications Office, 41, Queen's Gate, London, S.W. 7. 


The above information is from a letter of Dre As Myra Keen of Stanford 

University. 
PEPE SEES ES ESE SSE Et SS SSS 

Donations to the Publications Fund of the International Commission 
are acknowledged yearly in the Bulletin. Not many American organizations 
have contributed as yot, and in two years only 773 of the needed 1800 
pounds have been raisede 

This is a very worthy enterprise, the importance of which is obvious. » 
Our members and friends who feel disposed to make a contribution are invited 
to send in the sum to the editor of these minutes who will transmit the 
same to London in the name of the Conchological Club of Southern California. 

TSE PTC ELSCC OCP CS SPST Tees S| 

Another British publication which might be of interest to the Club is 
the section on Mollusea from the Zoological Record. Current issues may be 
obtained now from Natural History Books, 6843 Hobert Aveo, Chicago 31, 
Illinois, The section on Mollusca costs 8 shillings ( $2.05 from Chicago 
including postage). The Zoological Record is issued annually and is an 
nlslytical bibliography of publications in each of several fields. The last 
one on Mollusca, for 1942 ( issued Jan. 1944), lists 444 titlos which are 
indexed both topically ( including geographically and geologically) and 
systematically. There are 64 pages in this Section for 1942. 

oT Terterrerrerrrrrer er erers s | 

The following notice appearing in the Proceedings of the Malacological 
Society of London may bo of intorest to some of our members *® A limited 
number (25) of separate copies of the PRODROME OF A MONOGRAPH ON LIVING 
CYPRAEIDAE by Dr. F.A. Schilder and Dr. M. Schilder is on sale at 15s each, 
post frees Application should be made to the editor. ” 


W460 pT. 
A short time ago we received a box of shells from New Guiner, 


sent us 


by our member J.M. Dowdle. These specimens were turned over to Dr. Heke Hill, 
of the Los Angeles Museum for classification. The following species were 


listed by Dr. Hill. 
le Gyeneoe arabica Le 


Le 


12. 


annulus Le 


‘ erosa Lame 

sd carneola L. 

* lynx Le 

+ talpa L. 

: isabella L. 

. cribraria Le 

. tabescens Dillwyn 
2 subcylindrica Sby. 
stolida Le 


neglecta Sby-. 


13.Conus glaus Hwass 


14. 
156 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19, 
20. 
21. 
Cle 
C5e 
246 
25-6 
266 
27 
286 
29 
506 
ole 
Sle 
S36 
S46 
356 


566 
Te 


586 


596 


textile L. 

eburneus Hwass 
mustellinus Hwass 
musicus Hwass 
stercus-muscarum L, 
arenatus Hwass 
emaciatus Reeve ~ 
aulicus Le 
imperialis L. 
minimus Le 

lividus Hwass 
nigropunctatus Sbye 
vitulinus Hwass 
magus Le 

Strombus isabella Lam, 
luhuanus Le 


Sse siseseeaeoeeses8e2s 


. auris=dianae Le 

. urceus L, 

. floridus Lam, 

e terebellatus Sby. 


Cassis vibex Le. 
Terebellum subulatum Lam, 


‘vare punctata Chemnitz 


Terebellufh subulatum Lam, 
Papuino brumeriensis Forbos 

( Land Shell) 

Tubipora musica L. 

( Organ=-Pipe Coral) 

Colubraria distorta Schubert & 
Wagner 

Turbo Chrysastomus Le 

Opercula of * 

Astralium calcar Le vare 
-eatum Gould 

Trochus fenestratus Gmelin 

# niloticus Le 


lacin~ 


45 Cantharus furnosus Dillwyn 


46. 
47.6 
48. 
49. 
506 
5le 
526 
5de 
546 
55 
566 
57.6 
086 
59 « 
60. 
Sli. 
62. 
635.6 
64.6 
65. 
666 
676 
68. 
69. 
70. 
Tle 
Te. 
73-6 
746 
756 
766 
77. 
78. 
79.6 
80. 
81. 
B82. 
B36 
84. 
85. 
86.6 
87.6 
88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
926 
936 
94. 
956 
966 
976 


Natica solida Blainville 

® marochiensis Gmelin 
Polinices mclanostoma Gmelin 
Natica mamilla L, 

* flcmingiana Recluz 
Oliva emicator Meuschen 
Latirus turritus Gmelin 
Vasum turbinscllum Le 
Bursa gyrina L. 

® bufonia Gmelin 
Mitra fcrruginea Lam. 

# adusta Swainson 

® plicata Lamarck 

* intermedia Kiener 
Clava obeliscus Brug. 

7 aspera Le 

Cerithium lemnisentum Quoy 

a columna Sbye 

7 torulosum Le 
Faunus ater Le ( Fresh Water) 
Columbella versicolor Sby. 
Cymatium rubecula Lam. 
Coralliophilla neritoidea Lam. 
Drupa concatenata Lam, 

. ochrostoma Blainville 

Peristernia pulchra ( Reeve) 
ustulata Reeve 
Murex adustus Lamarck 
Mitra muriculata Lam. 
Cylindrica crenulata Gmelin 
ee tabanula Lame 
aureolata Swainson 
seabriuscula Le 
= flammea Quoy 
is telescopium Reeve 
Furris unizonalis Lam. 
Modulus tectum Gmelin 
Pecten pseudo-lima Sby. 
Tellina striatula Lame 
Lioconcha castrensis Le 
Barbatia velata Rvee 
Pinctada cumingii ( Rvee) 
Antigona reticulata ( Le) 
Nassa concinna Powis 

® subspinosa Lam. 

® mucronata A. Adams 
Thais undata Chemnitz 
Columbella australis Gaskoin 
Drupa chrysostoma Deshe 
Cantharus proteus Rvée 
Coralliophila galea Chemne 
Peristernia incarnata Deshe 


#46 p B 
CLASS SCAPHOPODA 

A report was made to the club on this group by Tom Burch at the 
January,1943 meeting. This was published in our Minutes #21, pp.5~9, 
and included a report on the organization, growth, method of living. 

In addition to the above paper information has Say freely used from the 
following publications; Pilsbry end Sharp, Tryon's Manual of Conchology, 
vol.17,1897-98; John Be Henderson, A Monograph of the East American 
Scaphopod Mollusks, Bulletin 111, U.S. Natl. Museum,1920; Grant and Gale, 
Mem. San Diego Soc. Nate Hist. vole1,1931; Oldroyd, The Marine Shells of 
the West Coast of North America, Stanford Univ. Publ., 1927; Cotton and 
Godfrey, The Mollusks of South Australin, Part II,1940. 

There are a few special terms used in describing Scaphopods that might 
well be explained here. The following apply to the genus Dentalium: 
Posterior= that portion near the pointed or smaller ende ~ 
Anterior that portion near the aperture or large ende 
Primary Ribs~ the first or original longitudinal ribs appearing on the tip 

of the shell. 
Secondary Ribs~ those later appearing or intcrenlnted between the primaries. 
"arc™ of the shell= measure of the curvature of the shell determined by 
the distance in mm. from o line connecting the apex 
and aperture to the highest point above it in the 
concave arch of the shell, 
The following terms are used in describing the genus Cadulus; 
Dorsal~ the convex side of tho shell. 
Ventral- the concave side of the shell. 
Equetor~ the section of maximum diameter of the shell. 


The class includes but two families- Dentaliidae and Siphonodentaliidae 
Key to Families 

ae Shell enlarging uniformly to the greatest diameter at the mouth; shell 
to some extent at least, sculptured; foot pointed,conical,surrounded by 
an epipodial prooess resembling a wing-shaped sheath, which is interr~ 
-upted or slit, like the break in a fold, on the side next to the head; 
median tooth of the radula twice as wide as longee 

DENTALIIDAE 

ade Shell inflated, generally contracted towards the mouth, smooth and 
glassy in texture, and without sculpture; foot vermiform, capable of 
expansion into n subterminal rosette-like disk, not interrupted dorsally; 
median tooth of radula in width less than double its lengtheee 

SIPHONODENTALIIDAE 


The above key is taken from Cottona nd Godfrey. 


Family DENTALIIDAE 

Genus Dentalium Linnacus,1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Man-= 

~tfort,1810), Dentnlium elephantinum Linnacus ( Amboyna). 

The family DENT.LIIDAE contains but one genus, Dontalium. This has 
been subdivided into a number of subgenera based chiefly upon the apical 
characters of the shell. The value of these apical characters for purposes 
of classification, and therefore the value of the subgenera based upon 
them, is not altogether assureds * The distinctions can not be sharply 
drawn, and some specics listed under one heading may partake more or less 
of the characters of some other group® ( Henderson). 

We shall, therefore, ignore the subgenera of the gonus Dentalium, 


#46 p 9 
Koy to Specios of Dentalium 
a. Shell longitudinally strongly ribbed 
be Ribs typically 6, decreasing anteriorly .....emeohexagonum 
b' 6-ribbed at apex, increasing to 12, and at aperture with 1724 alter» 
enating riblets; length 27 mm, about 9 x Diame oerstedii 
b'* Similar, but glossy with finer sculpture and more numerous riblets 
AL APEFture seccccerscecveccveccccocesevscees NUNGrOsSUM 
b''' 12 to 20 sharp riblets at apex, 25-48 at aperture, thc interstices 
wider than ribs, concave; length 29-65 mm., 9 to 15 times the diam . 
agassizili 
a’ &Bhell with fine, evenly engraved longitudinal striae toward the apex 
( or in young specimens throughout); section circular 
b Apex simple; without apical slits; length 25-30 mm; 10 times diam, 
semipolitum 
b' Apex with slit on concave side; shell translucent whitish with opaque 
rings; length 30 mm, 16 times diameter ....... inversum 
b'' Apex with slit on both concave and convex side; length 38.5 mm, 12 
times the diameter cecccccescevcccsccevevcsees hannal 
b''' Low rounded threads near apex some of which are more prominent; 
occurs in deeper water and are larger than above, 
vallicolens 
a'' No longitudinal sculpture 
be Strong and solid, young Striated oe..eeeeeeeee pretiosum 
b' Quite thin; deep water species; no apical notch 
ce Slender with very slight curvature, and slow increase 
de. Very slightly curved, very slender; length 30 mm, 16-19 times 
the diameter sessccccvscescssversesnccces watsoni 
d" Almost straight, very glossy; length 30-40 mn, 12-1535 times 
the diameter cescorcccesecrscceveccvsevcee FECtius 
d'' Curvature regular but slight; length 45 to 69 mm, 11 to 14 
times the diameter eescocccvvececccseeeee Aalli 
b'' Shell subcircular in section 
ce Well curved, polished, flesh-tinted toward the apex, which is 
sometimes slit in front and behind; length 45 mm, 12 timas the 
Giame CE ele vere ee1eic ele sc) cle ci eee 0] cl elecicle clele olsie)e ons splendidulum 


In taking up our discussion of the species the following note is of 
interest from a letter of Dr.sA. Myra Keen ( Pere Comme Jane1945) * I was 
surprised to find how few of the scaphopods have definite type localities. . 
Dr. Pilsbry in the Pilsbryand Sharp monograph cited types for most of the 
species but neglected to tie type to locality. A check of specimens, most 
of which are in the National Museum will be necessary. I caught a few of 
them while I was there but evidently didn't have time to be thorough on 
anything but pelecypods.” 


Dentalium neohexagonum Pilsbry end Sharp,1897. " Monterey to Guacomayo, 
Central America” ( Dall). Type locality not given ( several localities 
jn southern California aeeae 

Collecting dati; This is our common siz sided species. It is often 
spoken of as a shallow water species. However, we have dredged it from as 
shallow as a few fathoms off shore to as deep as 100 fathoms off Redondo 
Beach. The deeper water specimens are as a rule larger. The species is very 
abundant in some of the Pleistocene deposits.( Burch);25-40 fms. Monterey; 
50 fms. off Ensenada,Mexe; Malaga Cove in 15 fmse; San Pedro in 25 fmSe;5 
Rocky Pte in 40 fmse; ( Burch); 9-40 fms. in Monterey Bay, abundant (Smith) 3 
12-15 fms. San Diego; 5-10 fms, off S. Coronado Id. ( Baker); San Pedro 


#46 p 10 
in 20 fmse ( Lowe); 

An interesting short paper on this species is D.K. Greger, ™ Notes 
on a collection of Dentalium neohexahonum P. & S.", Geological Mag., vole 
71, May 1934, pp 236-7, 

Dentalium oerstedii Morch,1861, Pilsbryand Sharp in their monograph list 
this species from Guaymas to Panama and the Galapagos. It is of interest 

$o us because of the possibility that the species we know as numerosum 

may be no more than subspecifically distinct if that. Pilsbry and Sharp 
discuss the species at length pp.24,25 and pl. 10, figs. 60,61,62,63,64- 

The original description is not published in Oldroyd and for convenience 

the translation of Morch's diagnosis in Malak. Blatter, vii, p.177(1861) 
follows: " Shell arcuate, rather solid, somewhat shining white or yellowish, 
hexagonal at npex. Aperture circular,having 12 lirae, the interstices smooth 
posteriorly, but toward the middle divided by a riblet, whence to the aper- 
-ture there are 24 lirae. Growth lines here and there more raised, nearly 
variciform. Length 27, diame 3 mm.® 

Dentalium numerosum Pilsbry ond Sharp,1897- Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burch) 
to Panama and the Galapagos ( Dall). Type locality fide Oldroyd is Coronado 
Islands. However, Dr. Ae Myra Keen suggests ® Type locality not specified; 
probably Cerros Island, 44 fathoms". 

This species is usually assigned to Dall as anthor, but having been 
first published in the Manual of Conchology, volel7 it seems that it should 
be written D. numerosum Pilsbryand Sharp,1897, ex Dall MS. 

The description of this species as published by Pilsbryand Sharp is 
reprinted in Oldroyd voleII, pe 12 with the exception of the following 
note ® This name, which Dall used to cover the entire species, as found 
from Lower California to the Galapagos, may be utilized in a restricted 
sense for the northern form.” Pilsbry and Sharp considered numerosum 1s 
a variety of oerstddili. 

Colleeting data: Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fmse gravel and in 75 fmse 
fine gravel and mud; Todos Santos Bay, in 50 fms.<; ( Burch); South Ooronado 
Island in 18 fms. ( Dr. F. Baker); Acapulco in 20 fmse3 Gunymas in 20 fms 3 
Ptae Penasco in 10 fmse; Conception Bay in 15 fms.3 Magdalena Bay in 10 fmse 
( Lowe); 

Dentalium agassizii Pilsbry and Sharp, 1897. " Santa Barbara Islands, Cal if 
to Panama” ( Dall). Type locality, Gulf of Panama. 

The reason this species has not been reported by any of our members 
is no doubt that it is below our deepest dredgingse The California records 
given by Pilsbrya nd Sharp are ® Santa Barbara Islands, Uelif.,414 fms.; 
off San Diego, Calif. 822 fms." 

Dentalium semipolitum Broderip and Sowerby,1829. Monterey, Calif. ( Allyn 
Smith) to San Lucas, Costa Rica ( Valerio). Type locality, not specified e 
This is our ccmmon round form with striations near the apex which 

dissapear toward the aperturee 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach in 25 fmse; Horshoe Kelp off San 
Pedro, Calif. in 25 fmse; ( Burch); Monterey Bay in 9-35 fms. in coarse 
to fine sand, searee ( A. Smith); San Juan del Sur, Nicauragua; San Pedro, 
Calif. in 20 fmse; ( Lowe); San Felipe, L.C. ( Fe Stephens); Ptae Penasco, 
Senora,Mox. ( Hucy); Acapulco, Mexico ( Dr. B.eR. Bales); South Coronado 
Island in 18 fms. ( Dr. F. Baker)e 
Dentalium hannai Baker,1925. Proce Calif. Acade of Sci., Fourth Series, 
Vole 14, Need, ppe 83-87, ple 10, July 23,1925. Type locality, off South 
Coronado Island, 

This species is snid to differ from semipolitum only in having 2 slit 
at the apex. It hns been very generally placed in the synonymy of semipolitum 
Mr. George Willett states that out of 25 specimens taken off San Pedro, 9 
were hannai and 14 were semipolitum. Mr. Willett suggests that the slit may 


#40 p Ll 
be but a secondary sex character. However, there are discussions of these 


slits in other periodicals ‘giving a number of explanations. Mr». Allyn 
Smith sent in the following note: In 1939, Dr. Pilsbry wrote, in answer to 


a question:" The apical slit is apparently not sexual, sinee it is invar- 
-iably present in some specics, never present in some, and occasional in 
others, and of very variable length. Moreover, no special organ leads to 
it. Analand sexual excretion is into the posterior cavity of (the) mantle, 
whichopens by a circular orifice in some, a notched one in other forms. 
Slits seem to have little significance in many species, and I agree that 
De hannai is not specifically distinct from semipolitum as the only diff- 
“erence seems to be the slit. D. inversum, with slit on the concave side, 
seems distinct, though a fow show no 6lit. ( Letter, 31-I-1939). He also 
sdys that the slit " is not comparable to an aperatural sinus, such as the 
slit of Pleurotomarin or Turridae, as it is formed by dissolving away at 
the small «end of the shell as the animal grows, and this process seems to 
act irregularly.® 

While we aro disposed to consider hannai identical with semipolitum 
it has been our custom to copy the original descriptions of all”species— 
not included in Oldroyd. Therefore Dr. Baker's diagnosis of hannai follows: 
" Shell moderately curved, of medium size, very narrow at the apex but 
increasing rather rapidly at first, less decidedly later; length about 12 
times the diameter, translucent, shining, blue-white at the anterior end 
and becoming slightly creamy on the posterior half; sculpture of the earlier 
third consisting of 28 fine,sharp,subequal ribs about a third as wide as 
interspaces, and all continuous, but gradually fading out at about a third 
of length of shell; growth striae wavy and irregularly marked throughout; 
anal aperture, a slit on both convex and concave sides, but shorter and 
rounded on the latter, sharply pointed on the former; sides of apex grown 
inward, the slit occupying about a third of the diameter at this point; 
these inward projection of shell substance can hardly be called a plug” 
in the sense that this word is commonly used in Scaphopoda; aperture ctr- 
-cular, intersecting the axis at a right angle; peristome thine Length 58.5 


mme; diameter of base 3e2 mm; diameter of ,apex oe6 mmo; length of slit, 
convex side, 1.5 mm, concave side 0,6 mmo 


Collecting data: San Pedro, Calif., Malaga Cove, LeA. Coe, Calif. 
in 10 fmse; S. Coronado Island in 15 fms. ( G. Willett); San Diego,Calif. 
in 20 fmse and Coronado Islands in 10-14 fms. ( Dr. F,. Baker). 

Dentalium inversum Deshayes,1825, ™ Bering Sea to Panama in increasingly 
deep water” ( Dall,1921). Type locality unknown. Type said to be in Paris. 
This species was not figured by Mrs. Oldroyd nor mention made of the fact 
that it is well figured by Pilsbry and Sharp in their monograph on p.95, 
plo 21, figs. 47-49, 

Miss Viola Bristol of the San Diego Museum sent in the following note 
"Dr. Fred Baker in one place in his index said " The description except 
the slit seems more like D. sectum. It could be new". In another place he 
said "° A fact not noted by Pilsbry and Sharp is that the slit instead of 


being centered on thc concave side, is always eee f° the right when 
the hell is held with the tip away and concave side upe 


However, the above note does not mention the characters describedfao 
De sectum in regard to the * narrow slit across an obliquely conic,smooth 
plug™®. It is generally considered that inversum is a distinct species. 

Collecting data: Jalisco,Mexico in GO fms. ( G. Willett); Acapulco 
in 20 fms; Mazatlan and Manzanillo in 20 fmse; Magdalena Bay in 10 fmse; 
San Selipe; Conception Bay in 15 fmse; San Carlos Bay; Ptae Penasco in 10 
fmse; ( Lowe); Gulf of California ( Baker). 
Dentalium fisheri Pilsbry and Sharp,1897, exe Stearns MS, This species 
was listed by Dr. Dall in Bulletin 112 but the consensus of opinion is 
that it is of the southern fauna and not of California, 

Collecting data; Pta. Penasco, Sonora.in 10 fms.(Lowe); Tres Marias 
Islands ( Baker). 


#46 p 12 
Dentalium vallicelens Raymond,1994, ° Fuea Strait to Gulf of Californint 
all, ° 

Mrs. Oldroyd gives the type locality of the species as ” Station 12, 
submerged valley off Redondo Beach,Santa Monica Bay in 145 fmse" This was 
the first locality mentioned by Raymond. However, he did not designate 
it as the type locality. Dre Fred Baker in Proc. Calif. Acade Scie 4th sere 
volel4, nosed, pe 85, pl.lO figures specimens from off La Jolla, Calif. in 
110 fms, and designated themas types ( Nose 1758 in the Calif. Academy). 
Dr. Bakers tated that Raymond designated no type material. Dre A. Myra 
Keen advises on this * Dr. Enker was correct in saying that no types or 
type locality was designated, and the material he selected will stand. Mrs. 
Oldroyd always assumed in such a case that the first locality cited was 
automatically the type locality; honce the numerous changes I have had to 
indicate in these notes. Raymond hnappened to describe the Redondo localim 
first,as she quotes it, but he does not indicate this as the type area," 

This is our largest species and has longitudinal striations that fade 
out anteriorly. 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 59 to 125 fms. in mud 
and gravel. This species was to be found in o certain type of bottom com- 
~posed of fine graveland mud. We could tell before wo washed it, the second 
we saw the dredge come up, whether or not we had vallicolens material as 
we came to call it. Another odd thing is that these localities are very 
limited in extent and difficult to locate. We had our bearings laid out 
with care and would take shots at all of our land marks with the sextant 
and at the exact spot drop our dredge with the result that if we hit the 
spot one time out of fire we were doing well. The boat would drift a very 


little and the adjoining material seemed to be barren comparatively. It 
should be mentioned that this vallicolens material carried a very rich 


auna in addition to the Dentalium. ( Burch). ; off San Diego in 120 fms. 
Baker)? ° ‘" 3 161=265 fms. off Point Pinos, in mud ( USFG Sta. 
4462), 2 fragment; two specimens from off La Jolla in 100 fms.( A; Smith). 
Dentalium pretiosum Sowerby,1860, Forrester Island, Alaska to Onan Diego. 
The variety indianorum Carpenter is placed in the Synonymy by most atithaor 8. 
There has been a greatc eal written about the use of this species 
by the Indiens as money. However, Dre Ae Myra Kecn in a recent letter gives 
a new story about it " Concerning habits of Dentalium pretiosum; According 
to AP. Kashevaroff, Curator and Librarian at the Alaska Historical Library 
anc Museum, ( letter dated Dece 16,1936), this shell was widely used by 
the Indians in trade as far northas Point Barrow and eastward to Diomede 
Islands. The Russians used it for trade with the aboriginees of Alaska 
and a string 18 inches long was worth a whole sea otter skins Often too, the 
shells were sewed to clothing. The greatest use was around southeast Alaska. 
In Klebnikov's biography of Alexander Baranoff the following manner of 
procuring the shell is cited: ® Some dead body of a slave or animal was 
thrown into the lakc where it was left for a number of days and that moll- 
-usk would feed on the dead body and would get attached to the meat in 
great numbers; After the body was pulled out the mollusk was gathered." 
This sounds a little peculiar in view of the fact that Pilsbry says 


the Mediterrane.n form shuns any kind of mud containing decomposition pro- 
~ducts and that it prefers clean and rather coarse sand. Also the reference 


to a ® lake® is puzzling. Porhaps more than one kind of mollusk was used 
as wampum," 

Collecting data: Forrester Island, Alaska; Sitka, Alaska in 10 fmse3 
Catnlina Island in 60-89 fmso ( G, Willett); Strait of Juancde Fuca (Eyer- 
-dam)3 Puget Sound ( br. B. Baker); off Monterey(Cooper). 20 fms. off 
Carmel ( Stillwater Cove), in sand; rare ( A, Smith)= " The Carmel specimens 
are longer, more slender, more widely curved, and more pointed than typical 
shells from Alaska. One has a slit on the outside of the curve, a feature 
not present in any pretiosum I have seene They hardly seem like pretiosum 


#46 p 13 
and I have only tentatively labeled them as such. I have seen no typical 
pretiosum from Monterey. 
Dentalium rectius Carpenter,1864. " Stephens Passage, Alaska to Panama 
Bay” ( Dall,1921). Type locality, Puget Sound, 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach, Calif. in from 25 to over 190 
fathoms in mud bottom. Most abundant around the 50 fathom mark.; Todos 
Santos Bay in 50 fathoms mud; ( Burch); Craig, Alaska in 50 fms. ( up to 
68 mm); Wrangel, Alaska in 50 fmse; San Pedro, Calif. in 190 fms.; ( G. 
Willett); San Juan Islands, Wash. ( W.J. Eyerdam); Orcas Island, Puget 
Sound in 1330 fms.( Dr. F. Baker); DeCourcany Id., Be Columbia in 30 fms. 

( Oldroyd); 35-70 fms. in mud in Monterey Bay, common ( Ae Smith). 
Nentalium watsoni Pilsbryand Sharp,1897. " Tillamook, Oregon to San Diego® 
( DalI,1921). Type locality not specified. 

This species is described as being longer and more slender than rect- 
~ius. Pilsbryand Sharp state * As straight as D. rectius but very much 
fiore slender. " We have specimens so labelled fYom off Redondo Beach in 
125 fathoms. It is interesting to note that these exceptionally long shells 
came from deeper water. Our set labelled watsoni has been the source of a 


3 fon lub. ir. G e 
WiLicte aute EE alge tao eer eae tue rome es ay An Ynterosting obsefwation 


of both Mr. Willett's set an@ our set from off Redondo Beach is that the 
long specimens from either set will fit the described measurements of 
watsoni ( 16-19 times the diameter) but if you break off one of thu long 


{ easurements of roctius 
1 Seeincs ue eee eee Roun ene G Mens ine ueaconeoan us de heck Aue lee 
ones measure watsoni. Therefore, the theory is advanced that after a spec= 
-imen of rectius attains a certain size and continues to grow, the growth 
in diameter does not increase in proportion to the growth in length result~ 


-ing in watsoni. There may be other differences between these species. Nme 


8 @ se cS) e, an oye gtatem Ss mg pely 28.8 & 
Bbstf BELEn FeBng ib aay QE rSE, Ger dtc EES R ERS FALRE TE yDOR: he Bye tes. 
Point Aguja,Peru " ( Dall,1921). Type locality not specified. 

Collecting data: Drier Bay, Knight Ide, Pr. Wm. Sound, Alaska in 15 
fms. mud, 1923 ( W.J. Eyerdam); Jesse Island, British Columbia,Alaska ( Lowe) 
Shaw Island, Puget Sound in 30 fms.( Oldroya); Lower Calif. ( Baker). 
Dentelium splendidum G.B. Sowerby,1832. Proce Zoole Soc. London, 1832,pe29~ 
Figured In = ~. Those Conch., iii, pe98,pl.e225,f.413; Conche Icon. 18 
pl.5,f.30; PilSbF¥ and Sharp, Manual of Conche tol.17,1897,p.96, pl.15,f.38. 
The original description follows: ™ Dent. testa tenui,polita,basi earnea, 
apice majori lactea; apertura postice fissuris duabus, altera dorsali,altera 
ventralis: longe 1 6/10, lat. 3/20 poll. Hab. ad oras Americae Meridionalis. 
( Xipixepi, West Colvmbia ( i.e. Ecuador). Dredged in from ten to sixteen 
fathoms water, on a sancy muddy bottom, 


There is no definite record of this epecnes in Quy fauna s Howgver, 
Mr. George Willett has taken specimens in mS. off South Coronado 
Island that are close to this species and may be so classified, Therefore 


the above references are included for convenience of those interestede 


Family SIPHONODENTALIIDAE 
woden thd Gam Ax gSéphongdentaliidae contains three genera, Entalina, Siphm~ 


Entalina and Siphonodentalium have the greatest diameter at the aperture; 
CGadulus has the section of greatest diameter or equator, posterior to the 
aperture. The angled apex and sculptural features of Entalina suggest a 
true Dentalium but the form of the foot and other anatomical features indi~ 
~cated & position under Siphonodentaliidae. We have no representative of 
this genus described from this coast. 

Siphonodentalium is a widely distributed genus of few species confined 
to deep water except in high latitudes, Dall,Oldroyd and others place 
Cadulus quadrifissatus Pilsbry under the genus Siphonodentalium in spite 
of the fact that 1t was described as a Cadulus by Pilsbry and definitely 


#46 p 14 
Sneter fs not at tho aperthres Another Paseo Bee A Ue Swe po POKER Sn A8= 
-dentalium is the shallow water in which it is found-- 10 fathoms up. 
Henderson records the East American species as ranging from nearly a hun- 
-dred fathoms to well over a thousand fathoms with most coming from around 
five hundred fathoms. Perhaps when more dredging has been done at these 
depths corresponding species may be found. 


Genus Cadulus Philippi,1844. Type ( by subsequent designation,Hermam ~ 
~sen,1846), Dentalium ovulum Philippi. 


As a rule the species of the genus Cadulus are not very widely dis~ 
“tributed. The aperture is usually somewhtt-tontracted, usually very oblique, 
and never the section of greatest diameter of the shell. The genus has 
been divided into subgenera which Henderson says are of doubtful value. In 


@ general way it may be said that the large and medium sized species fall 
under Platyschides, the small and slender forms under Gadilon, and the small 
bulbous species under Cadulus 8.8, while those of very prominent apical 
slits are jon canaseee ( Henderson). 

Almost a of our species of Cadulus belong to the subgenus Grdilas 


Cadulus californicus is a Platyschides; and Cadulus quadcrifissatus Is 
a~Potyschticss — ——— 4 


Key to Species of Cadulus 
a. Posterior end with notches or slits 
be. With 4 slits; shell slowly tapering, hardly inflated, 
quadrifissatus 
b'. With 2 slits; shell stout and inflated; largest equator nearer 
aperture and more distinct than in Ce. tolmei, 
californicus 


a'. Posterior end without notches or slits 
b. Shell rather stout; equator further from aperture and less distinct 
than C. californicus ccecccsccesccccccvessseee tolmel 
b'. Very slender with slight inflation anterior; contraction toward 
the mouth very short, 
ce Shell smooth throughout, 
de Length 13.5; 10 x diameter ......-.+-+.. aberrans 
a’, Length 10.3; 9 x diameter eo.cs0sese.-. fLusiformis 
d‘'*. Length 103 7 x diameter .0....+..2.... hepburn 
d''', Length 8.6; 43 x diameter .....ssse0. Stearnsil 
e'. Shell circularly corrugated near apex, 
perpusillus 


_ Cadulus quadrifdssatus Pilsbry and Sharp,1898, ex Carpenter MS. Monterey 


(Keen)( Perry) to Tres Marias Islands ( Hanna and Strong). Type locality, 
San Diego, Calif. in 10 fms. 

This species is easily recognized by the prominent apical slits. 
Dre A. Myra Keen ( Pere Comm. Feb. 1945) " I agree that this should prob~ 


-ably be ret d to Cadulus.” t identical with th 
Bhache eienencan’ Cnr ee meomiMccr eecne se tee ee r 


Collecting data: Off Malaga Cove, LeA. Coe, Calif. in 10 fms; off 
Redondo Beach in 15-25 fmse3 Avalon, Catalina Id. in 25 fmse; Ensenada,Mexe 


in 1¢ fms.: ( Burch): San Pedro, Reef Point, South Coronado Id. in 10-20 
fmé.( Ge Willett); San Pedro in 30 fms. ( Lowe); Del Mar, Calif.(Stephens); 


; ° ° 0) Ae da 
aUeE Me 7lit Dees eartaaeBriaeosseepimee SaF7¢ HAESRIO Mees Coronade 
The species seems to prefer shallow sandy bottom rather than mud (Burch 


Specimens from different localities show a greatdoal of variation. It is 
probable that a specialist on the group will sooner or later divide this 
species into several species or subspecies. ( Purch). 


#46 p 15 March 1yxd 
Cadulus californicgus Pilsbry and Sharp, 18 * Cla Strai 
to-Mante,Beusture-¢ Dall, WW2ijs Typo locality: Starlom goss cap agaske 
Diego, Calif. in 822 fathoms. 
c. tofnels "PE 18°Rns Febgest describes spacies Prom clr Paunes Pi Tepege 
and Sharp state, pe 181 ® A large stout species, much exceeding C. tolmei, 
C. clavatus and C, dalli in size, and more swollen and robust than either . 


The equator is nearer the aperture and more pronounced than in C. tolmei.® 
However, the remarkable differences between authentic specimens of this 


species add to the difficulties. Pilsbryand Sharp, p } 1 state " It 
varies considerable in inflation, some Specimens Mor being decidedly 


less swollen than that selected as type ( f.5,6.)"%. Tom Burch in Min.21, 
pe 8, states * Cadulus tolmei is described as having a simple apex, while 
Cadulus californicus is described as having a notched apex. If the tip of 
@ sSpocimen of Cadulus californicus were broken off, it would answer the 
description of Cadulus tolmei perfectly. The Lowe collection in the Natural 
History Museum of San Diego has three specimens labelled Cadulus californ- 
-icus from 60 fathoms off San Diego, and four specimens labelled Cadulus 
tolmei from 634 fathoms off San Diego. The latter appear to me to be merely 
Cadulus californicus with the tips broken off which gives them the appear- 
=ance of having the equator further posterior. Only one specimen of Cadulus 
tolmei seemed to be a live specimen and it was obviously broken.® 


Collecting data: Dredged in abundance off Kedondg Beach i 50, fathons 
mud with an océaa ional speéimen showing up fn material from paca n lon a8 


75 fathoms ( Burch); off Catalina Island in 200 fathoms ( G. Willett); 


Point Loma, San Diego in 62 and 80 fathoms ( Baker). 
Cadulus tolmei Dall,1897. ~ " Vancouver Island to San Quentin Bay, Lower 
California” ( Dall, 1921). Type locality, Victoria, B.C. in 60 fms. 

Dr. Dall‘s original description of this species is republished in 
Oldroyd, vol.2, pel6 and Dall's figure reproduced Pl.l, fig.9. No refer~ 
~ence is made to the fact that the species was redescribed and refigured 
by Pilsbryand Sharp p. 181,182, pl.34, figs. 1-4. It is interesting to 
note that not only do the two figures seem to differ slightly but that the 
published dimentions of the specimen figured by Pilsbry and Sharp differ 
somewhat from Dall's dimentions. The Pilsbry and Sharp figures are very 
clear though and should be studied by those interested in the species. 
catalina Ystand n'Bdo°fme COs wiitoees? O82 Fathom’ off "kan diego fone) 5 
627 fms. off Monterey, in blue mud ( USFC Sta. 3238 ) rare ( Ase Smith). 
Cadulus tolmei newcombei Pilsbryand Sharp,1898. Mane Conchs volel7, p.182, 
P1.34, f. 1,2. Type locality, same as tolmei abovee 

This variety seems to have been rather generally ignored. Most authors 
do not even mention it in the synonymy. However, H.N. Lowe and others have 
considered it a good subspecies. Mrs. Oldroyd did not mention it. The orig- 
~inal description follows; ® About the length of tolmei, but decidedly more 
slender, greatest diameter contained nearly 6 times in length, section 
of the tube markedly oval, compressed vertically throughout; aperture ovale 
Length 11.0; antero~posterior diam. at aperture 1.45, at greatest bulging, 
1.66, at apex 0.66 mill.; lateral diam. at aperture 1,55, at largest 1.9, 
at apex 0o75 mille® 

Collecting data: Charter Bay, British Columbia ( Lowe). 

Cadulus aberrans Whiteaves,1887. Quatsino Sound, British Columbia to 

Ban Ulemelite Istand, Calif. ( Lowe). Type, locallt s ouateing Bound B.C. 
Gieatee te te eatel bye reuey ond aeace pyige ° igele. in connection 
with the description Whiteaves made the following comments which are not 
reprinted in Oldroyd:* This little shell, which is, nevertheless, of large 
size for the genus, looks not unlike an immature Dentalium, and, at first 
sight, specimens of it might easily be mistaken for half-grown examples 


7firo p 1b taiYCity b su 
of De pretiosum Nuttall, which the Indians say occurs at the same locolity. 
It may,however, be distinguished from any Dentalium by its thin test and 
highly polished outer surface, though the wwelling of the shell in advance 
of the middle and the constriction behind the aperture which are usually 
marked characters in the genus Cadulus, are reduced to a minimum in this 
species, and in most specimens are quite imperceptible.® 

Ce aberrans,fusiformis, and hepburni are very much alike and tho 
difficulty in this group is to avoid confusing these three species. 

Collecting data: We have specimens which have been Meath assim-~ 
-~ed to this species dredged off Redondo Beach in 25 fathoms. They have not 
been compared to type specimens.( Burch); off San Clemente Island, Calif. 

( H.N. Lowe); Departure Bay, B.C. ( Lowe); 
Cadulus fusiformis Pilsbry and Sharp,1898. * Monterey, Calif. to Cape 
an Lucas” ( Dall,1921). Type locality, San Pedro, Calif. 

Collecting datas: Monterey, Calif. in 10-25 fms.; Redondo Beach in 25, 
59,75, and 1NO0 fmse; Santa Monica, Calif. in 15 fmse; Malaga Cove, LeA. Coe 
in 10 fmse; Rocky Point, LeA. Coe in 40 fmse$ Horshoe Kelp off San Pedro 
in 25 fmse3 Todos Santos Bay in 50 fms.: ( Burch); San Pedro and San Diego 
in 10-25 fms. ( Ge Willett); 10-40 fms. in Monterey Bay, in sand, abundant 
( A. Smith); San Pedro in 30 fmse ( Lowe); San Diego in 15 fmsv; Ballast 
Point, San Diego Bay in 5 fms.3 off Hotel del Coronado in 12-15 fmse; 
Pacific Beach; ( Baker). 

Cadulus hepburni Dall,1897. Drier Bay, Knight Island,Alaska ( Eyerdam) to 
Catalina Island, Calif. ( Willett). Type locality, Victoria, B.C. 

Mrs. Oldroyd , reproduced the original figure on plel,f.13, The species 

was redescribed by Pilsbry and Sharp, pe194 and refigured pl.e35, f.19,20. 


" The contraction tgward the aperture is very slight, and mainly confined 
to the convex sidee"” " While quite slender, it is still somewhat stouter 


than (. aberrans; and C. fusiformis is less curved and less constricted 
at the aperture.” A study of this contraction toward the aperture brings 
out some very puzzling variations. 

Collecting data: Drier Bay, Knight Island, Alaska ( W.J. Eyerdam); 
Forroster Island, Crdig,Ketchikan, Alaska in 20-40 fms. ( Willett); Catal- 
-ina Island in 30 fmse ( Willett); 43-45 @ms. off Santa Cruz, in soft 
green mud ( USFC Stase 4482,4483). Also , 80 fmse off Point Pinos, o single 
specimen ( Gordon); " A very scarce species, apparently in Monterey Bay” 
( A. Smith). 

Cadulus stenrnsii(Pilsbry and Sharp}1898. ™ British Columbia to San 
Quentin Bay, Lower @alifornia®™ ( Dall,1921). Type locality, off Tillamook 
Harbor, Oregone 

This species was described in the Pilsbry and Sharp monograph, pel25 
as Dentalium simplex Pilsbry and Sharp, and on page 253 they renamed it 
De stearnsii because the name simplex was preoccupied by De simplex Miche- 
~Totti, 861. It was figured on PIe27, figs. 88,89. 

Collecting data; Off Redondo Beach in 75-100 fmse; off Rocky Point, 
Los Angeles Coe in 40 fmse mud bottom Burch )e 
Cadulus perpusillus Sowerby,1832. " Monterey, Calif. to Panama” ( Dall) 
Dre A. Myra Keen advises that Dall also reported the species from Guaya-~ 
~quil making the range -3 to 37. Type locality is Fuerto Salango,Ecuador. 

If this species has ever been figured anywhere we have failed to 
find the record of ite It was unfigured in the original publication and 
Pilsbry and Sharp do not figure it. They discuss it on pe 190,191. It is 
in the group of Ce. dentalinus. The first inclination on sight is to put 
specimens of this species in with the Caecum. It is transversely strinte.e 
Pilsbry & Olsson, Proce Acade Nat. Scie Phila. vol. 93,p 49,194] discuss 
this species plaving it under the subgenus Gadilopsis. It is surprising 
that it is not in a distinct genus. = ae 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25-50 fms. ( Burch) $ 
56-39 fms. off Point Pinos, in soft greenand dark gray mud and rocks 
( USFC Stas. 4464,4483) searce ( A. Smith). 


#46 p 17 
Figure EXPLANATION OF PLATE 
T. Dentalium alium neohexagonum Pilsbry & Sharp- 25 fms. Redondo Beach, Calif. 
“gravel ai and sand bottom=- length of larger specimen 35 mm. pp-9,10. 
2. Dentalium neohexagonum Pilsbry & Sharp= Manue of Conche vel7,pl. pe ery (ls) 


3.Dentalium numerosum Pils, & Sharp- . a plo. fot 
4 : : oo 8 fae 
Se a a 0 o ” o £273 
Guar e : Coronado Island,18 f. ( Baker Coll.) 11 mm. 


7» Dentalium oerstedii Morch,-Guatulco Bay,Mexs 30-40 f.( Willett) 24 mm(yng. 
8s Dentalium agessizii Pils. & Sharp=- Manual of Conch. vol.17,pl.12,f.90 
eer ¥ 


Qe wo NOldroyas vols 11, plel ated. 

104Dentalium semipolitum Brod. & Sby.~ Manual of Conch. vol.17, pl.16,f.54 
ig = ~” Acapulco,Mexe ( Bales Coll.) 27 mm, 

12; * # Can Pedro, Calif. ( Willett) 28 mn, 


13.Nentalium hannai Baker= Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. vol.14,pl1.10,f.5 

14.Dentalium inversum Deshayes- Manual Conche ple 21, f.47 

iL Die ™ Tenacotita Bay, Mexe 30 fe( Willett) 30 mm. 

16. Dentalium vallicolens Raymond=Redondo Beach,75f-MG(Burch) 60 mm. 

17. Dentalium pretiosum Sby = Forrester Island,Alaska ( Willett) 38 mm. 

18. Dentalium watsoni and D. rectius,Craig, Alaska ( Willett) From set 
mentioned on pe 13. Long specimen 67 mm x 3.5 mm. length is 20 x diam, 
short specimen is 37 mm x 2.5 mm or 15 x diame 

19. Dentalium rectius Carpenter Redondo Beach, 75 f. mud 

20. Dentalium watsoni Pils. & Sharp- een of Conch., volel7,ple2l, f.44 


21. Dentalium rectius Carp.- C f£.45 
22. Dentalium dalli Pils. & Sharp- : a 3 f.46 


23. Cadulus Cadulus quadrifissatus Pils. & Sharp- Malaga Cove, 10 f,sand, 11 mm 
24, Cadulus ” californicus ils, & Sharp~- Redondo Beach, 150 f, oe 10 mm(Burch 
256 but with portion of each end Proeen off 8 mm 
26. Cadulus tolmei Dall (7), Catalina Island,200f ( Willett), 6 mm 
resembles fig, of C. calif.more than C tolmei. 
27. Cadulus aberrans Whiteaves=— C. hepburni Dall, & C. tolmei, from above 
dowmfrom photograph of specimens from type lots,natural size ( D.K.Greger 
28.Cadulus fusiformis Pils. & Sharp= Rocky Point,40f,mud, 11 mm ( Burch). 
29.Cndulus aberrans Whiteaves-(7?) Departure Bay, B.C. 5.5 mm. 
30, Cedulus hepburni Dall~ (7?) Redondo Beach 75 f mud, 8 mm ( Burch). 
On eae a from Timm's Paint, San Pedro,Pleistocene 8.5 mm ( Burch) 
$2, Cadulus stenrnsii ( Pils. & Sharp)- Redondo Beach, 75 f, mud, 9 mm(Burch 
33. Cadulus quadrifissitus = Manual of Conch. vol.17, ple29, f.10 
34. Cadulus californicus— : . . ples4, feb 
B56 n > Oldroyd, vol.e2, plel, f.8 
36. Cadulus tolmei~ licnual of Conch., volel7, pl.34, f.3 
Steak woe e : Oldroyd, vole2, plol, fe 9 ( will some one check and 
see if this is actually Dall's original figure.) 
38. Cadulus tolmei newoumhei~ Cee of Conche vol.17, pl.34, fel 


59.Cadulus fusifornis- . e pl.g5,f. 14 
40, Codulus aberrans— . : " pl.55, fe 26 
41. Cadulus hepburni+ . 2 : 51.35, oe dls) 


4 
s 


42. Cedulus stearnsii- is ere st a t3hs 


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an § 
z 
o 
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opie 
sree SSSI 
ee En aa 
ahr 
nate 


ars ae 
bans By 


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i ‘ 
i 
+= 
. tose 
, 
' 
’ 
' 
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. 
——— - 7 
“Toi s 

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— 

. 

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fb “p 1S] 


The Nautilus, Vol.58, Jan. 1945, No.ed has been receiveds This issue is of 
much more than usual interest to us. Perhaps the most startling paper is 
by Katherine V.W. Palmer ° Molluscan Types in the Carpenter Collection in 
the Redpath Museum." These types have been located in the Peter Redpath 
Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. The list is too long to review 
here, but when these types are made available and properly figured, it is 
expected that there will be no littlc shuffling of names in several lists 
of synonymy. A number of recent authors have described species as new on 
the theory that Carpenter's descriptions were inadequate and his types 
lost. The discovery of these types will have an offoct that is obvious. A 
number of the types in this list are among those listed by Mrse Oldroyd : 
and others as " British Museum ?", It is reported that all of this lot of 
Carpenter's types have been photographed and will be published in the futures 
We look forward with gre.t interest to this publication. Unfortunately it 
seems that all of Carpenter's lost types are not included. 

Another paper of interest to us is by Avery Ransome ( Grant) Test, 
" Description of New Species of Acmaea”. Among the several new species 
described is Acmaca conn Test,1945. The type series came from Point Firmin, 
San Pedro, Calif. and will be placed in the California Academy of Sciences. 
The description is not figured but from the description there is no doubt 
but that we all of us have the Species in with our Acmaea scabra at this 
timee We will be interested in the report from the first of our members 
having an opportunity to compare matcrial with the type lot of cona. 

In the Notes and News L.G. Hertlein and A.M. Strong rename two species. 
They propose Lucina undatoides Hertlein and Strong to replace Lucina undata 
Carpenter, and Tellina liana Hertleinand Strong to replace Tellina panamen- 
-sis as used by Li. 


The March Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of San Diego is at 
hand. Among many interesting notes we see several new aquisitions of shells. 
One lot containing species not hitherto represented in the museums collection 
from Ensign Robert Lando, U.S.N- in the Philippines; and another lot sent 
from the Milne Bay area of New Guinea by Chaplin B. Evor Roberts, U.S.N. 

Ee te fe Re ok eC aK Ok OK KF 
The following note from Dr. A. Myra Keen of Stanford University is of inter~- 
-est " Major Schenck is now Lieutenant Colonel Schenck. As he has a new 
APO number, I take it he is no longer in New Guinea. I shall probably be 
ready to send you the list of New Guinea species in a month or so. More 
boxes are supposed to be on the way,and a new recruit in conchology remains 
there to continue Dr. Schenck's mission of getting a complete representation 
from that one section of the New Guinea coast. To date there are upwards of 
150 species. * eeee " In the last Minutes you mentioned a letter from J.M. 
Dowdle that reached you from tho South Pacific in five days. I can top that 
record=— recently a lettor from Dr. Schenck came in three. It was postmarked 
in New Guinea at 8 &.M. Jane23 and was put in my box at 8:30 A.M., Jane26. 
However, that was cxceptionale One cannot count on getting an answer short 
of three to four weeks. " e+. " The shells we were promised from New Guinea 
are beginning to arrive,and what shells/. Large as our Indo-Pacific collec- 
-tion is, we have scded one genus, one subgenus, and at least a dozen spec- 
-iles already in this New Guinea stuff, and I havent finished the identifi- 
-cations yet.” 

ROR OR KOR OR OK ROR RR OK ROR Ra A 

Aurora Trethewey, 1129 Alberta Place, San Diego, Calif. We are glad to 
welcome her to our group» 


#46 p 2n 

We were glad to hear again from our former active member. The following 
is an excerpt froma letter of Sgt. Woodbridge Williams, Pub. Rel. Sec., 
Sarasota Army Air Field, Sarasota,Florida to Dr. S.S. Berry, Sept.,10,1944. 

BALANCED MARINE AQUARIA 

These small aquaria which I have been keeping have proved fascinating. 
In my mind they pretty well disprove the old notion of biologists that 
marine creatures are hard to maintain unless one has a Naples Marine station 
or Steinhart Aquarium. There are a number of green angiosperms which live 
in the sea making up large beds of grass, similar to the eel grass in Calif~= 
-orniae Some of these grasses will grow in aquariums, especially those from 
warm water bays with a lover 02 content. These along with a number of algae, 
such as Ulva, make exccllent oxygenerators, and can be utilized to propare 
balanced marine aquaria. 

I have successfully maintained a number of mollusks, such as ‘Bullaria, 
which every other day lay egg masses on the glass, Anachis, Modiolus, which 
developed from larvae in the water, hermit crabs, masking crabs, blenny 
fishes, sea horses, starfish, and sea urchinse In one jar with a sand bottom, 
a number of interesting annilids have developed, building sand tubes along 
the glass sides with long hydra~like tentacles. 

I also have an interesting chiton, ( Lepidochiton ?), which seems to 
do very well in a gallon aquarium. I never realized what great burrowers 
chitons were. This fellow digs down into the sand during the day, clinging 
to the glass and comes out in the evening on the surface to feed. Sarasota 
Bay is made up entirely of sand flats. I find chitons on the bladeso of 
the grass in the bay and living under isolated dead clam shells. I had always 
connected chitons with a rocky situation, and wondered how these fellows got 
about in so mich sand, but now I understand; it is no more of a problem to 
them than it is to an annilid worm. 

‘eet eter ec rrererer eres | 

In the last issue of the Proceedings of the Malacological Society of 
London under the names of deceased members appeared the name F, Haase So 
we hastened to write the Chicago Natural History Museum to inquire and are 
very happy to report that *° Inthe words of Mark Twain, ® The news of my 
denth is a little bit exaggerated". He is enjoying good health and is carry- 
~ing on his work in his usual excellent manner. And we have a very flattering 
letter from Dr . Haas about our recent worke 

Fe ROOK AOR ROK AOR OK tO 
Mrse Agnes Ee Wolf, Room 511, The Pennsylvania, St. Petersburg, Florida, 

We wish to thank Mrs. Wolf for her contribution to our fund and welcome 
her to our froupe 
Mrs. C.D. Kinsman, R #1, Box 191, Miami, Florida. Again we thank Mrs. Kinsmm 
nnd note with interest " we have a growing collection of shells and would be 
very pleased to receive your minutes.” 

Roy Le Morrison, 3745 Grimm Avee, San Diego 4, Calif. " Just received the 
Tast number of the Minutes and the list of Pelecypoda. Too many thanks 
connot go your way for this excellent work. Have had some splendid low tides 
lately. I collected three Cypraea spadicea at the entrance to Mission Bay 
near the bridge. The first I have ever collected there in fifteen years of 
collecting. Others have found them there but me never.” 

Dr. Yaul Bartsch, Curator, Division of Mollusks and Cenozoic Invertebrates, 
Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. We have reason to 
be preud of the following note from Dr. Bartsch " Distributional List of 
the West American Marine Mollusks from 5an Diego, California to the Polar 
Sea. I have placed this in our library. It should prove very useful to the 
workers on the coast. Let the good work continue." 


\ 


6 pel 
Clyde H. Hebert, Ch. Pharm. USN, U.S.S. Griggs ( APA 110), c/o Fleet Post 
Office, New York, N.Y. " A friend has sent me a couple a duplicate copies 
of the minutes of the Southern California Conchological Club. I found them 
very interesting and instructive, and would like very much to be placed on 
your mailing list to receive them regularly. Am enclosing a money order of 
one dollar to help defray cost of postage. I was introduced to, end acquired 
an interest in conchology through Mr. L.»M. Wright, USN, while stationed in 
Bermuda a couple of years ago. We made quite a collection there, as far as 
war time restrictions permitted. These minutes of your clib's meetings will 
help me to keep my interest up while at sea and collecting difficult if not 
impossible. 
Glenn Rs Webb, Pvt., 395th Signal Co. Avn., A.P.0. 126, c/o Postmaster, New 
VYorksetlevea” Tt was good to hear from you and to receive the club minutes, 
a much appreciated thrill in itself, since this was the first shell news I 
have received for some months. Dr. Gregg has already mentioned I gatherm the 
fun I have been having dissecting locel land snails. Considerable interesting 
data on the local landsnsils here is accumulating. Specimens were abundant 
and readily accessible up till about Christmas. Snow has blanketed the ground 
almost continuously since, so, except for those captive specimens I had put 
away, there is less to dos The notes on raduln-tecnique of the November 
minutes were very interesting. If any of the radula enthusiasts are desirous 
of European landsnail material, I would be able to assist with the available 
Species, although I might have to send dried material. It should be known, 
however, that possible movement from here would perhaps render this plan 
impossible although I do not anticipate such. Incidentally the notes on 
radula tecnique recalls to mind a permanent glycerine drop tecnique I have 
used. The dominent current trend, however, seems to favor balsom mounting m 
mediae At the moment the December minutes have just reached me. Thanks a lc 
for your kindness in continuing to send them to me. " 
Weds eet 340 Third Street Soouth, St. Petersburg 5, Florida. " Until I 
Tecoived my copy of Johnsonia your nenenenes in Minutes #50, Deb, OS tO some 
einnges on labels did not mean much to me. There is one change made which 
does not seem correct to me= Conus pealii Green to Conus jaspideus Gmelin. 
I have been finding a lot of these cones this winter, so was specially inter- 
-ested in this change. It is stated in Johnsonia, and Dre Clench also wrote 
me, that in 1830 Green was working froma juvenile specimen of C. jaspideus 
so that ©, pealii is now just a synonym of C. jaspideus. The accepted name 
now for what has beon C, pealii since 1830, is C. stearnsi Conrad. I am 
writing Dr. Vaughn, Director of the haere tiie Children’s Museum, mentioned 
in my last letter, that he make a contribution and ask to have your minutes 
sent to the Museum. The address is 724 Second Ave.,S., Nashville,Tenne Three 
cartons of shells went to him today ( 111) species, mostly Florida shells, 
which my friend and I collected and begged from other members of our Shell 
Club. I'm now working on the small stuff which has to be displayed in vials, 
s0 a good many more species will follow soone You see I'm not a shell collec- 
-tor, isc. not building a collection- I'm a shell hunter. I have the fun of 
finding them, cleaning ond studying them, and the further pleasure of giving 
them away. Recently I tried Tom's plan of getting out the radula ( caustic 
soda) and it worked fine." 
Dr. Jeanne S. Schwengel writes "My husband pur Dr. Pilsbry an the train 
for Florida a few days before Christmas, end he is not expected back until 
the 8th or 9th of Marchewish I could a ee to California to meet you and 


the others of your most interes 
the wreck pe on Sanbet + tenders was Ere Nesenender Every local cottage 


went to sea. The cement steps of my. cottage stood alone. My bathtub sits 
about 2 hundred yards away beside the road. And just oe day before we left 
for N.Y. ( Jeane 15)- my shell cases were found about 14 miles back in the 


+6 p 22 

swamp, smashed beyond repair and my entire collection of Sanibel shells lost. 
Of course, I have duplicates here in N.Y. but it was still quite a loss. 
Dr. Perry's house ( substantially built) was such a wreck she sold it (as is ) 
forepractically nothing. But I differ with Lillias Cockerill that the shells 
were all buried. One visitor picked up 31 Fecten raveneli ( with animal) in 
less than one hour. I never saw such a gorgeous display. I sent five large 
boxes of beach gastropods to A.N.S.P. for the children that were much finer 
specimens than most people use for exchango. All gathered in a short time im 
front of the hotel. 
Ae Sorensen,247 Granite St.,Facific Grove, Calif. Mr. Sorensen is planning 
another of his trips to Mexico during the months of Marchand April and will 
no coubt as usual bring back a cargo of rarities. 
Carl W. Erickson, 4 Windsor Ave., Auburn, Mass. " First, I want to express 
my Sincere appreciation fcr your letter and the minutes of the Conchological 
Club of Southern California, The material is both illuminating as to what a 
shell club can do and instructive in the field of shell collecting and iden- 
-tification. As you saic in your letter, the Southern California shell club 
membership is made up of advanced students,and this is borne out by the min=- 
-utes." We announced ir. Erickson's classes in the study of shells in the 
last minutes. Ho further comments " I announced another class lite last fall 
and it is meeting with considerable success in stimulating interest in shell 
collecting. It numbers a dozen regular students, if you want to call them 
that, with frequent visitors. Last week, Dr. Clench of Harvard paid a visit 
and spoke on " Wat and the Snails®. " .. " The class meets every week and nO 
fee is charged,-Even the mimeographed and other material is given gratis. I 
understand that the New England Museum at Boston is instituting a like course 
next month with Dr. Clench as instructor. A $5 fee is to be charged for ten 
sessions.” The last line is of interest. If Dr. Clench could give such a 
course in California I am sure that he would have a large class. 
Mr. Allyn Smith, 722 Santa Barbara Road, Berkeley7, Calif. The following 
notes are excerpts from Allyn's recent letter. 

" I understand that Mr. and Mrs. Harry Turver are leaving for Los Angel~ 
“es soon, taking all or most of their collection with them. Harry has accep= 
-ted an apoointment as a minerologist for the Standard Oil Co, there. No 
doubt you will find them welcome additions tothe Club as they are both 
enthusinstic shell collectors, interested in other forms of marine life as 
well. Harry was the originator and one of the mainstays in the operation and 
maintenance of the Marine Museum and Aquarium at Santa Uruz. Doubtless he 
vill be missed. I expect John Strohbeen of Santa Cruz will have to carry on 
when the Turvers leave. John, by the way, is a shell collector in addition 
to being better known, perhaps, for his splendid butterfly collection. He 
also collects fossils,crabs,sponges,and fungi, in addition to being a top 
installer rapairman for the Telephone Co. He dropped into my office the other 
dy with an interesting story of his experiences in getting deep-water mat- 
- ricl from the fisherren. It seems that the fishermen who use set~lines for 
cx le-fish ( or black cod=- Anoplopoma fimbria) in about 300 fathoms, 14 miles 
off Davenport, Santa Cruz Cos, often bring up shells as wellas other inter~- 
-..tiss things on their hooks from this depth. The shells have growing on 
them a small specics of sea anemone, one to a shell, and the hooks often 
sng thc anemone and thus tring the shell to the surface. He has been able 
to get these shells saved for him and in the last year or so he has received 
the following list of species: 


Cancellaria cooperi Gabb About a dozen specimens 
Antiplancs major Bartsch Many. Apparently commone 
Ructiplanes ( species 7) At least one, possibly more. 


Neptunea tabulata Baird About fifteen, all sizes 


#46 p 23 


Neptunea amianta Dall About ten, 211 sizes j 
Neptunea ithia Dall About a ddzen, at least one full-grom 
he eoane one is four or five inches longe 
Calliostoma platinum Dall Four specimens, including one beauty 


measuring roughly 39.0 mm high and 
35e5 mm in diameter, which he had with 
him and showed me. , 

This is an interesting list of rare species. All shells are living 
specimens in good condition. Some fishermen can do a lot for us conchologists 
if the proper approach is takon. It seems that an occasional gallon of wine 
or sack of onions is most productive of rare shells from dcep water, if tho 
right people are involved, 


New Publications 
A Preliminary Survey of the Mollusca of Kingman County, Kansas, by Dorothea 
S. Franzen and A. Byron Leonard, Unive Kansas, Trans. Kansas Acade Sci. 
45:334~343, pls. 1,2, 1 text fig. 1942 


Additional Studies of the Sanborn Formation, Pleistocene, in Northwestern 
Kansas, by A. Byron Leonard and John Cy, Frye, Ame Joure Scie; 241: 453-462, 
1 pl., 3 test figs., July,1943. 


The Mollusca of Meade and Clark Counties, Kansas, by Alice E. Leonard. Trans. 
Kansas Acad. Sci, 46:226=240, 2 pls,, 2 text fogs, 1943, 


Reconnaissance of Pleistocene Deposits in North-Central Kansas, by Hibbard, 
Frye, and Leonard. Univ. Kansas Publ., State Geol. Surv. Kansas, Bulle 52, 
Ptel, 28 pp, 2 plse, 2 text figs, Feb. 20,1944. ( Lists mollusks among inver-= 
-tebrate fossils). 


Mollusca of the Laverne Formation ( Lower Pliocene) of Beaver County, Okla~ 
~homa, by Leonard and Franzen. Unive Kansas Sci. Bull. 30-1(2):15=19, plse 
1-5, May 15,1944. ( A total of 24 species is discussed, 11 of them new). 


Westward extension of the Kansas * Equus® Beds, by Frye,Leonard, and Hibbani. 
Joure Geol. 51(1): 33-47, 3 text figs., Jane-Feb., 1943. ( Lists of fossil 
and fresh-water mollusks given in discussing faunules). 


Mollusca of the Wakarusa River,Valley, by Franzen and Leonards Unive Kansas 
Scie Bulle 29-2(9):363=439, plse 28032, 6 toxt figs., This is an interesting 
paper, which gives the vernacular names of the fresh-water bivalves, some of 
which areas follows: 


Truncilla:donaciformis ( Lea) " Fawn's foot" 
Lampsilis siliquoidea ( Barnes) " Fat mucket® 


anodontoides ( Lea) 
Carunculina pntva ( Barnes) 
Proptera alata ( Say) 
Lertoden fragilis ( Raf.) 


Yellow sand-shell" 
Liliput shell" 

Pink heel-splitter® 
Fragile paper-shell® 


Tritoconia verrucosa ( Rafe) Buckhorn® 
Strophitus rugosus ( Swainson) Squaw foot" 
Fnodonta grandis Say Floater® 

Lasmigona complanata ( Barnes) white heel-splitter® 
Amblema costata ( Raf. Three=ridge” 


Maple leaf® 
Pimple back" 
Wabash pigetoe® 


Beueoauas@e spaepespssa=s3sds es 


rete open e 


#46 p 24 March, 1946 


THE PTEROFONS 
by Dre Joshua L. Baily Jr. 


Perhaps the most problematic group within the molluscan phylum is that 
of the Pteropods. Cuvier, who originated the term, considered them to con= 
-stitute a separate class of equivalent rank to the gastropods, and for a 
long time this view was commonly held, but not so much on account of the tax- 
-onomic value of the parapodia as to the fact that the relationships and 
resemblances of this group are so involved that it was impossible to assign 
them to any subordinate position beyond the possibility of reasonable doubt 
that it was the correct one. A later writer whose name I do not now recall 
united them with the Cephnlopoda on the ground that certain fossil pteropods 
have concamerated shella, and that certain recent species have a terminal 
sucker which may be homologous to that of Spirula.s Blainville considered 
them to be derivatives of the Nudibranchs, and Cooke, in the Cambridge Nat~ 
“ural History considered them to be modified Tectibranchs, Pelseneer followed 
the latter course, but with this difference. He divided the pteropods into 
three groups, one of which he excluded entirely from the mollusca, and to 
the other two he assigns different positions in the taxonomic scheme, because 
he believes them to be not closely related. Finally, Sit D'Arcy W. Thompson 
has pointed out certain structural resemblances between this group and the 
Brachiopods. He does not suggest a relationship with the brachiopods, but 
the similarities which he points out are somewhat surprising. 

Now there are good reasons for whichever view we choose to take as to 
affinities of the pteropods, so that before the true taxonomic relationships 
of the pteropods can be worked out all the evidence for any view must be 
sifted and evaluated. Unfortunately this is easier said than done. 

The present writer has never seen a living pteropod, not has he ever 
found a dead one. The only fossil pteropod that he has ever seen may turn 
out to be something else. His only knowledge of the group comes from the 
printed page, to which all readers of these notes have equal access. There= 
-fore he does not feel competent to solve any problems, but he does feel 
competent to state what the problems are,and he feels that it is important 
that this be done. 

The structure which gives the Fteropoda their name is the pair of para= 
-podia, lateral extensions of the foot by means of which the animal is enab-= 
-led to swim. But these parapodia are not peculiar to this group. They are 
well developed and very conspicuous in Bulla gouldiana and Navanax inermis, 
but in these two species they are not used for navigation but adhere closely 
to the back and sides of the animalin the position assumed by the lobes of 
the mentle of Cypraea, which they resemble. Some years ago the writer saw 
in a tank in the New York aquarium a pair of what we in California call "ink 
fish” but which in the east are called " sea pigeons®, one of which undulated 
its parapodia, and ty so doing swam upward to the surface, at an angle of 
about 45 degrees. He has never seen a California ink fish swim in this way 
and coubts whether it can do so. In the Treatise of Zoology alre ady referred 
to there is a statement that other Tectibranchs can swim thus, and an illus- 
“tration of a specics of Akera doing ite Dr. Aww. Pillsbury, who specializes 
in moving pictures of unusual objects has exhibited an undersea picture of 
some pteropods of the genus Cavolina in motion, but in the interest of 
accuracy it must be sid that the ™ wings" of this species do not undulate, 
but beat rigidly, like those of a butterfly, in which the entire wing moves 
in the same direction at the same time, whereas the undulations of the para- 
-podia of the ink fish were a much more graceful motion, suggesting that of 
the folds of a flag flying in a breeze, which form at the flagpole and flow 
along the flag to the opposite margin. 


#46 p 25 March, 1945 

In addition to their parapodial navigation, the pteropods exhibit other 
characteristics which rcsemble those of the teetibranchs. They have a euthy= 
-neuric nervous system. It will be recalled that Pelseneer divided the Gastro- 
-poda into two subclasses, the Euthyneura and the Streptoneura, which are 
based on the structure of the nervous system. The main nerve cord of the 
euthyneura is ring-shaped, but in the streptoneura the posterior part of the 
ring has been rotated about a longitudinal axis, so that the nerve cord is 
twisted into the form of the figure 3. The euthyneuric form is the more prim= 
“itive of the two, and occurs in the primitive amphineura, but the euthyneur= 
~ic gastropods that are alive today are a highly specialized group, and many 
of them pess through a streptoneuric stage in their embryologionl development, 
which indicates that their euthyneurism is a secondary condition derived 
from a streptoneuric ancestry. Borradaile and Potts state that in the two 
orders of the euthyneura, which are the opisthobranchs and the pulmonates, 
the euthyneuric condition has been arrived at in two different ways. In the 
opisthobranchiata there has been a detorsion which has restored the nervous 
system as well as the other organs of the pallial complex to a position 
apnroximate to that of their ancestral condition, while in the pulmonata the 
euthyneuric form has been brought about by the atrophy of the posterior loope 
Consequently Borradaile and Potts believe that these two orders have not 
had a common origin and their inclusion in a single subclass is somewhat 
arbitrary and unnatural. They prefer the arrangement of Cooke in the Cambridge 
Natural History. 

We need not speculate as to relationship of the opisthobranchiata and 
the pulmonata here, but we should note that in the opisthobranchiata the 
most primitive genus, Acteon, is streptoneuric, and further resembles the 
streptoneura in having an operculum. It probably represents the " missing~ 
“link” between the Preosobranchiata which are streptoneurioc and the opistho= 
-branchs. In the same way, one of the most primitive genera ( but not the 
most primitive) of the pulmonata, Chilina is also streptoneuric, and to that 
extent probably resembles the ancestral ptilmonate, which would seem to afford 
confirmation to Borradaile and Pott.'s suspicion that the pulmonates and the 
opisthobranchs are not specially elosely related. 

Now the euthyneurie nervous system of the pteropods has already been 
referred to, but it is a curious fact that in this group also the most prim- 
witive family, the Spirntellidae, ( formerly called the Iimacinidae) 4s strep~ 
“toneuric. This fomily also resembles the streptoneura in having a spirally 
coiled shell, the only instance of this among the pteropods. This resemblance 
of the pteropods to the streptoneura militates against the theory that the 
pteropods are modified tectibranchs, for it would compel us to believe that 
in its evolutionary development the Spiratellidae had twice developed a 
streptoneuric nervous system, which seems highly improbable. 

So fnr as the present w riter is aware, no one has ever suggested that 
the tectibranchs might have been derived from the pteropods. This seems 
equilly is unlikely os the inverse arrangement, as it would seem just as 
improbable that the Actconidae should have twice acquired a streptoneuric 
condition as that the Spiratellidae should have done s8o0~ But Tryon, in his 
Structural and Systematic Conchology, hints that the systematic position of 
the Acteonidae is not beyond all possibility of a reasonable doubt. It may 
not be impossible that tectibranchs are a diphyletic group and that those 
with pnrapodia are derived from a pteropod ancestry, It does not become one 
who has no first hand knowledge of this group to advance any such revolution= 
~ary theory: the present writer refers to the possibility only to show how 
complex are the relationships which must be solved before the final Syecouaees 
position of the pteropods can be considered fixede 


t 


#46 p 26, March, 1945 

When we come to study the paleontology of the pteropods we find that 
instead of throwing light on the matter their paleontology only makes matters 
more complicated. The tectibranchs originated in the Mesozoic, while the 
pteropods which are supposed to have been derived from them, are reported 
to occur in the early Cambrian. An excellent picture of one of these Cambrian 
pteropods appears in the Ensyclopedia Brittanica, 14th edition, under the 
article on the gastropoda. The genoral consensus of modern opinion seems to 
be that these so called pteropods are not even mollusea, but may be worms, 

In this case the parapodial arms may be homologous to the arms of the brach- 
-iopoda, and the present writer imagines that he can discern a resemblance 
to the plastron of the burrowing crab Hippa analoga in which case the arms 
coule be interpreted as orel appendages. 

Of course, if the paleozoiec pteropods are not even mollusca they can 
throw no light at all, either pro or con, on any theory of derivation of the 
pteropods, but if their molluscan affinities should eventually be upheld 
many deep seated changes in molluscan taxonomy wonld be involved. The resem= 
-blances between the paleozoic and recent pteropods are not with the primit~ 
-ive recent forms such as the Spiratellidae, but with the highly specialized 
forms, such as Clio or Creseis, Of course, nobody knows whether the paleozoic 
pteropods were euthyneuric or streptoneuric, but the fact that they resemble 
only the euthyneuric forms among the recent pteropods makes it almost imposs= 
-ible to conceive of the Spiratellidae as being the transition between the 
paleozoic and recent pteropods. If the paleozoie forms are considered the 
ancestors of the recent forms, it will be then practically inevitable that 
the Spiratellidae and perhaps the Cavoliniidae as well should te removed 
altogether from the pteropods and assigned to a position closer to the 
streptoneura than to the euthyneura. 

T> sum up the difficulties that confront the systematist who tries to 
settle the position of the pteropods we may say that it is impossible to 
include in a single group all of the species that have ever been considered 
to be pteropods. But we oan say with certainty just which forms should be 
eliminated. We ean say this much, however. If the Spiratellidae be eliminated 
we are faced with the necessity of finding a position somewhere else for thom, 
as theyare undoubtedly mollusea, but if the paleozoic forms be eliminated 
we are fuced with no such responsibility, for if they are not pteropods they 
are not mollusca, The headache can then be passed on to the helminthologists. 
At present this seems to be the more populat solution of the problem, but it 
may possibly be popular only because it is easier. And if we doadopt it, that 
is not the end of our troubles, for in any case the relationship between the 
pteropods and the parapodiate tectibranchs presents difficulties of its own, 
A great deal of further study is needed before the pteropods can be assigned 
to a definite. position in the taxonomic scheme. 


wel D Lf 
MINUTES OF THE MARCH MEETING OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIF. 
The club met on March 4 at 2:30 P.M. in the Directors Room of the 
Los Angeles Museum. The meeting was called to order by the president, Mre 
George Willett. 
Mr. A. M. Strong reported for the Nomenclature Committee and discussed 
the new Nautilus calling attention to Acmaea cona Test, and the article 
by Katherine Palmer on the Carpenter types. Notice was also taken of Dr. 
Bartsch's paper on the Turris Mollusks. 
The program was taken up which was the discussion of the Pteropoda, 
and the families Acteonidae,and Acteocinidae. 
In the absence of the secretary, Mrs. Effie Clark, the predident 
appointed Mrs. Elsie Chace to act as secretarye 
Elsie Chace, Sece pro=ten. 
POOR FOR ROR IOI FOI IO Ak fe aie 
It isnt often that we receive two letters from two different Wrights 
inthe same mail but here they are and hoth of them in the U.S. Navy even 
though at the moment 2 long way aparte 
Mrs, Charles Ro iWright, 410 No. El Molino, Pasadena 4, Calif. " Please 
forgive me for neglecting to send you stamps to help defray your shell news 
costs. Charles asked in a recent letter whether he was still receiving the 
shell news. Theyare all waiting for him in the bottom desk drawer. Charles 
has been in New Guinea since Nove He has sent home several large boxes of 
shells. I know he'll be anxious to talk over collecting with you again.® 
Leh. Wright, CEM, U.S. Navy, 418 Plaza Hotel, Miami, Florida.” I am contrib-~ 
~uting a mite in the way of a box of shells ( some fossil) collected along 
the ship channel entrance to Miami Harbor. This is slightly polluted water 
and real ' nice'shells shun it, but at times of storms some are driven inmd 
dic, other shells dont mind if the water isnt too filthy. No doubt you can 
icentify them as none are rare or unusual. I do not have the time at present 
to write up labels as I am expecting a hurry call to my home 275 miles away. 
To sume of the clubs members who have collected on Florida beaches I may " 
say that many fine specics ore getting very scarce= Oliva, Polinices, Tellina 
redintn ete. whoreas I believe Atrina is more common than ever. I counted 
eight Fasciolaria gircntea of average length of 7 inches which seems to be 
full size in this particular vicinity. I hope some of these will be of 
interest to our collaborating friends. Your Minutes #44 and accompanying 
Distributional List of Pelecypoda is splendid.® 
Mre Wrights box will be at the next club meeting to be passed around 
to those interested as is customary at the meetings. We are always very 
grateful for such contributions. 
Mrs. E.W. Boerstler, P.O. Box 494, Corona del Mar, Calif. Your editot 
wishes to trya nd thank the Boerstlers for a fine pair of Cypraea spadicea 
from Newport Bay. both of themare beautiful shells but as reported before 
the black one is the darkest I have ever seen of this species. 
FIO Rak a ak i ok ek tok 
Members with good exchange lists had better break them out and read 
the following. The cditor has exchanged with a host of collectors in Austr- 
-alia including several from Sydney including Major H.S. Mort, Melbourne 
Werd and others so will simply run the following letter received from a new 
and welcome corrcspondente 
Mrs. Leonie Woollscott, c/o Charlie Messenger, Beach Rd.e, Edgecliffe, Sydney, 
NSW, Australia. " I have been fortunate enough to have had passed on to me 
n copy of the " Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southorn California” of 
which you are editor. I have found the ® Minutes" very interesting and as 
Chein-.n of the Marine Section of the Royal Zoological Society of New South 
Wales I think they would be of great value to me in my work. Would you kindly 


#46 p 28 
let me know if it would be possible.to receive them regularly. I am myself 
a very enthusiastic collector and am very anxious to find some one in 
California who would be interested in exchanging shells for those of Austr- 
walia. I was thinking of writing Miss Adele Koto in regard to this but 
thought that you would be the best person to consult. If you know of any 
one I would be very pleased and grateful if you would advise me. The shells 
I have for exchange are New South Wales specimens mostly. Theyare named 
according to Charles Hedley's check list of 1918. The locations ore given 
in each case the reef, beach, or mud flat is named clearly. I think that 
if I were to find some one to exchange with me such an arrangement would 


rove very interesting and stimulating to both parties concernede® 
Ce Hutchinson, HA 2/c, U.S. Waval Hospital, Newport, Rhode Island. This is 


the latest address for Mr. Hutchinson who has until recently been stationed 
in San Diego, Calif. 

Rev. Paul D. Ford, 160 W. 20th St., Erie, Pa. We were pleased to receive 

a small series of very nice specimens from Rev. Ford that were collected 
by his son, Ruel E. Ford in 1944 on Engibi Island, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall 
Islands. The box contained the following species as determined by Dr. H.R. 
Hill of the Los Angeles Museum who is our authority on species from the 
central Pacific. 

Bursa bufonia Gmelin, Clava pharos Hinds, Conus catus Hwass, Conus 
ceylonensis sponsalis Chemnitz, Conus flavidus Lamarck,Conus hebraeus Born, 
Conus milaris Hwass, Conus vermiculatus Lamarck,Conus vitulinus Hwass, 
Cypraea annulus Linnaeus, Cypraea reticulata Martyn,Cypraea ventriculus Lam,, 
Drupa morus Lamarck,Drupa ochrostoma spectrum Reeve,Drupa ricinius Linnaeus, 
Drupa tuberculata Blainville,litra acuminata Swainson,Mitra cucumerina Lam,, 
Mitra litterata Lamarck,Nassa glans Linnaeus, Nerita albicella Linnaeus, 
Strombus floridus Lamarck, Coralliophila sp, 

PES SECLOCSCL OS COSCe LE Le S| 
Announcement of New Publication 

We have a letter from Dre Wed. Clench, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 
at Harvard College, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts:"Dear John- Under separate 
cover I am sending you #1 of our new publication * Occasional Papers on 
Mollusks*,. ape Ga A 

We plan this publication in addition to Johnsonia as an outlet for 
many studies on molluskse We plan papers on new species, faunistic studies, 
bio~bibliographic sketches, catalogues of families etc. We hope to put 
out 100 pages per year. Subscription price is $2.50 per 100 pagese ee We 
are going to do our best to put out good work, maintain a high standard and 
try to make the papers interesting and informative. 

Keep up the grard work you are doing on your own reports. They are 
swell and exceedingly interesting.” 


Anything coming from Dre Clench and the Museum of Comparative Zoology 
is certain to be classed under the title ' indispensible publications’. 
Therofore the logical thing to do is to immediately send in your subscrip-~ 
\tion to Dr. Clench for * Occasional Papers on Mollusks." You will, of 
course, hear a great deal more about it shortly. 

PEST ETS C CCE LES CSE SC el SS 

It is exasperating to many of us to find so many of the most important 
publications on mollusks ' out of print'. Members having duplicate books 
or papers either for sale or exchange are urged to write us the list, ond 
we will gladly give the matter notice in this paper. For that matter we will 
be hapvy to give any dealer in used books such free advertising as we can 
thinking to accomodate our members as well as the seller. 


#46 p 29 March, 1945 

MINUTES OF THE LOG BEACH SHELL CLUB= March Meeting 

The March meeting of the Long Beach Shell Club was called to order by 
the president, Mr. Baker, who reported on Mr- Burch's compilation of the 
reports of the Conchological Club of Southern California which are found 
in their minutese He then read his report on methods used in collecting 
limpets, and we were encouraged to bring in our own experiences in shell 
collecting to add to this. 

The speaker of the day, Mrs. Jean Wilkins, was then introduced by Mr. 
Baker. Her topic ™ Shell Collections" was illustrated by specimens from 
the Tremper,Hand, Lowe,and Zech collections which are in the Municipal 
Auditorium. Shells, she told us, are valuable for many different reasons, 
rarity, of course, raising a shell's value greatlye She showed a beautiful 
orange cowry, whose value is often $25 and up. Other valuable rare specimens 
shown were Arcularia coronata,Bulimulus bailyi, Columbella filmerae,Trigonia 
dubin. Other shell groups may be of value to the student because they show 
all ages of shells,as woll as color variations. Variation because of 
locale also makes shells desirable,and this was illustrated by shells from 
the north coast which varied greatly from some farther south. The Tremper 
collection also contained type shells, which are now in the San Diego Museum. 
It was of special interest to many to know that shells shown had been orig-~ 
~inally collected by Dr. Dall and Mr. Hemphill, whose names are connected 
with so many specimense One especially interesting group revaled a transition 
stage of Thais lamellosa, from variety hormica to variety sitkana, and was 
listed as having been collected by Mre George Willett in 1916. Purpura 
bhuttellii reveals especially well the variations in size and coloring, and 
young shellsare very beautifyl and helpful in shells tudy. 

The Hand collection, Mrs. Wilkins said, added about 1000 shell species 
with probably half the number new to the Long Beach collection, as Mr. Hand 
was interested in lend and freshwater shellsand strange to say there is 
no specimen of the colorful Cuban Polymita picta. Many in this collectiona re 
fromthe southern states. This collection is also rich in co-types and paratyp 
-es, with large numbers from the same areas. The question was brought up 
regarding the fact that type shellsa re kept in the National Museum, which is 
not helpful to western shell enthusiasts. Mrs. Wilkins told how Mre Lowe 
gathering together all of the new shells he could, picked out the most 
characteristic and bundled them off to this shell museum. Large shell collec-= 
-tions may also be valu: ble because they contain many shells which can no 
longer be found. This is true of some species of the Liguus of Florida, 
found in the Lowe,Hand,Tremper,and Zech collections. This shell was widely 
written up and natives in their desire to obtain specimens, completely 
destroyed the area. Many shells formerly found in the Tennessee Valley are now 
obsolete. And still another value of shells to their owners is their beauty 
alone which hos often, 2s in the case of the Oldroyds, started folk in their 
search for shells, leading on into the study and classification work laters 
It is always a pleasure to have as enthusiastic a speaker as Mrse Wilkins 
and we are looking forward to seeing her arrangement of snclls from the 
Zech collection in the Public Library the first three weeks in April. 

Ruth E. Eaton= Secretary. 
We ee ICE oR fk eee EE eo 

During the work on the Pelecypoda by the Conchological Club of Southern 
Calif«rniz a limited number of each report was laid aside. These have now 
been bound into book form, and while most of them have been ordered we still 
harc ° fow left, We are asking those receiving the book to contribute the 
sun ~f ¢5 to our funde 


John Q. Burch 


#36 Back Puge 
Additions and Corrections 

Minutes #55= p 8 = Nucula quirica Dall 1916 =- N. bellottii Adams 
Pavlof Bay, Alaska in 13-15 fms. ( Lewis). 

Minutes #33- p 13= Cardita paucicostata Krause,1885= Pavlof Bay, Alaska 
in 13-15 fms. ( Lewis). ; 

Minutes #42= p 18= Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck,1818. Note by Mr. George 
Willett ™ I can not tell Newport Beach Pleistocene Petricola from 
Atlantic specimens of pholadiformis,but none of the fossils are entiree” 
An interesting roference on this species should perhaps have been men~ 
—tioned=- * Potricola pholadiformis Lam. in Europe", Hans Schlesch,1932 
in The Naturalist for July,1932, London. 

Minutes #43= p 6 = Tcllina declivis Sowerby,1868. San Felipe, L.C.; Guaymas, 
Sonora,Mexe in 20 fms.3 Acapulco,liox. in 20 fmss; Panama; ( Lowe). 
Minutes #43, p 6- Tellina salmonea Carpenter,1864. Vancouver, B.C.; San Fran- 

-cisco,Calif.; Alaska; Gulf of Calif. ( Lowe). 

Minutes # 43, p. 6 - Tellina meropsis Dall,19N0. San Diego, Calif.; San Fel- 
-ipe, L.C. in 10 fms.3 Acapulco,iex.; Guaymas, Mex-; Punta Penascn; 

San Ignacio Lagoon; Mazatlan. ( Lowe ) « 

Minutes # 43 p 7= Tellina carpenteri Dall,1900. San Diego ( Hemphill); San 
Diego Bay; La Playa ( Bristol); Catalina Id. in 50 fms. ( Lowe); Santa 
Maria Bay, L.Cejn 15 fms. ; San Pedro, Calif. in 35 fms. ( Lowe). 

Minutes #43- p 7= Tellina tabogensis Salisbury,1934-- T, pansmonsis Dall~ 
San Felipe, Lec. in 10 fms.; Taboga Id., Panama in 5 fms-; Acapulco, 
Mexico ( Lowe). 

Min. #43, p 8 Tellina buttoni Dall,1900. Morro Bay; Mugu Bay; San Pedro 
in 10 fms. ( Lowe), 

Min. #43- p 8 Tellina bodegensis Hinds,1644, San Diego ( Dr. F. Baker); Ocean 
Beach ( Bristol); Monterey Bay ( Hemphill); Morro Bay; Santa Cruz( Lowe). 

Mino# 43— p 8~ Tallina santarosae Dall,1900. Terminal Island ( Lowe). 

Min.# 43 p 9= Tellina lutea Wood,1828. Kodiak and Shelikof Strait,Alaska.(Low 

Mine343 p 9-10 Apolymetis biangulata ( Carpenter),1856. An important extm- 

- -sion of range os this species is involved in a record of HeN. Lowe 
from Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif. We listed the range to Todos Santos Bay. 

Mine # 43~ p 10- Macoma incongrua ( Martens),1865. Hooniah Gracier Bay and 
Windfall Harbor, Admiralty Ids., Alaska ( Kate Stephens); Port Grahan, 
Alaska ( Dr. F. Baker); Awaji, Japan ( Baker). 

hin.#43 p 10-11, Macoma brata Dall,1916, Friday Harbor,Wash; Wrangell,Alaska 

Min. #43= p 12 Macoma irus ( Hanley). ( M. inquinata Deshayes). Thomas Bay, 
Alaska; Admiralty Ids.; Chicagog Ide; Baranof Id.; Glacier Bay (Stephens 

Mins # 43 p 13= Macoma inconspicua ( Brod. & Sby.),1829. One specimen from 
San Diego, Calif. (Dr. F. Baker) ( now in San Diego Museum of Natural 
History); San Francisco Bay ( Hemphill). 

Min. #43 p 14 Macoma carlottensis ( Whiteaves), 1880, Port Harvey, B.C.; 

San Island, B.C.; Port Orchard, Puget Sound; 2 specimens from San Diego 
in 20 fms. ( Kelsey). 

Mine # 43 p 15 Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter,1864. San Diego Bay ( Dr. F. Baker 
San Pedro, Calii. in 10 fms. ( Lowe). 

Mine # 43 p 15 Macoma indentata Carp.,1864. San Diego,Long Beach,Hueneme, 
Calif.; Pta. Penasco,Sonora; Angeles Bay, Gulf of Calif. ( Lowe). 

Min. # 43 p 16 Macoma indentata tenuirostris Dall,1900. An extension of 
our recorded range is involved in the record of H.N. Lowe from Ensenada, 
Mexicoe 

Min. # 43 p 17 Semele striosa C.B. Adams,1852. Acapulco,iex. ( Lowe). 

Min. # 43 p 17 Semele rubropicta Dall,1871. Agate Pass, Puget Sound,1920 
( Eyerdam); Imperial Beach,San Diego Co., Calif., La Jolla. 


#47 p 1 April, 1945 


MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
April 1946 °~°~—CS 


The minutes and other publications of the Conchological Club of 
Southern California are not open to subscription. Howéver, any of our 
friends interested in receiving them, may send us donations or eteurs 
,to help defray the cost of material and postage. 


Any institution or library interested in filing these minutes 
is welcome to all available back issues and a place on our mailing 
, list without charge. Students of particular problems are always welcome 
to ask us for specimens for study as well as all information we may 
have e 


The next meeting will held May 6, at the Los Angeles Beeults 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 PoM. 
We are now meeting the first sunday of each monthe 


It is our intention to print a final report on our work when we 
have covered every groupe In the meantime we are eager to get all infor- 
-mation possiblee Members and friends are urged to write in their 
experiences and opinions, and what is even more important advise us 
when they think we are in errors 


Please mail all news about shells, shell publications, shell collec~ 
etors, shell trips,localities ete. to your editor, 

° ? John Q. Burch, 
4206 Halldale Ave., 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 

ROO ISIC IIOIOIOIDIODIIGE AIOE A GR 
The rary of Congress, Acquisitions Department, Washington 25, DeC. 
Dear Mrs Buroh: The Acting Librarian of Congress has requested me 
to acknowledge, with many thanks, the gift mentioned below which you have 
so generously made to the Library. The gift received: two copies of your 
publication: 
* Distributional List of the West American Marine Mollusks 
from San Diego, California, to the Polar Sea, from the proceedings of 
the Conchologiecal Club of Southern California. 
Part Ie Pelecypodaee."™ 
BOI ORR IOI OI IO IOI IOI ICR AO IOK EAD I take 

The largest part of our bound copies have been ordered, but we still 
have some of them on hande Inasmuch as all of our members have the material 
in the Minutes we feel justified in asking that those wishing copies of 
the book donate a sum of $5.00 to our publication funde 

JERI IO IGOR IOI RO IO OIC IR AOI IR ACs 

Mrs. Kate Stephens, 3746 Park Blvd., San Diego, Calif. We wish to thank 
'Virs. Stephens for her generous contribution to our fund, and from a conch= 
-ologist of her standing we have reason to feel flattered by the following 
note " Just a small remembrance with many thanks for the best papers on 
conchology that I have ever seene® 
Dr. Wade Clench, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College,Cambridge 
“ey basse @ Dear Johniess Murex is well along- end we hope to have it out 
in: April", 


#47 p 2 April 1945 
In 1934 the Conchological Club of Southern California printed a paper 
by A.M. Strong which is now out of print and in great demand. We are here 
republishing the paper for the convenience of those unable to secure a 
copy of the original. 
KEY TO THE PRINCIPAL GENERA OF MICROSCOPIC GASTROPODS OF THE WEST COAST 
ey WU OF NORTH AMERICA 
Shell without a visible spire. 
» Shell tubular, the apex closed by a plug. 
pewSUbface GMOOth, Mises steven atewewles se eesed ees sees seiee Partulumaclo) 
ee Surface sculptured with raised rings only. 
eee Rings strong, 40 or less in number .........+..+. Caecum (18) 
ee. Rings fine, 75 or more in number ......+..+5+-ee5 Micranellum (18) 
ee Surface sculptured with raised longitudinal lines only 
Elephantulum (18) 
e» Surface sculptured with both rings and longitudinal 
TANCE \cisis east we saws 00s eee te Shies eens is eleaeae ee Hlopnantanellumaeronr 
e Shell cylindrical or ovate, spire infolded. 
eeColumella with 1 or 2 faint plications or none. 
eee Apex ending in a more or less distinct spire .... Volvulella (1) 
eee Apex rounded with a pit or indentation ........+. Cylichna (1) 
es Columella with several sharp plications ........... Cypraeolina (1) 
Shell with a visible spire. 
« Aperture long and narrow. 
eeSpire flat or exposed in an umbilical pit. 
pe» Columella thickened, frequently with a fold ..... Retusa (1) 
eoce Columella thin, without a fold ¢..0.s..<0..s-00s6 Diaphana (1) 
ee Spire elevated, more or less pointed. 
eee Columella with 1 or 2 indistinct folds .......... Acteocina (1) 
eee Columella with 3 or more distinct plications .... Marginella (1) 
» Aperture oblong or rounded. 
eeAperture with a distinct canal or distinct notch. 
Sea ONEL Sani strates cciers cae ware els eutetee ame erneares oer EOL DNOTeICS) 
eee Shell dextral. 
eeee Aperture with a sinus at or near the suture .... Manhilie,etce (1) 
eoee Aperture without a sinus, 
eeeoe Shel] slender, tapering. 
soceese COlumella with a strong fold, ce« seas cscs sees Ermota (7) 
ecvooe COlumella smooths 
esecees Spiral sculpture of smooth cords e....+..-+e+. Seila (1) 
ececees Spiral sculpture strongly nodulees. 
eoeocees Aperture deeply notched but without canal...... Metaxia (1) 
ecsceece Aperture with a short, nearly straight canal... Cerithiopsis (9) 
eocee Shell ovate, covered with a heavy epidermis ..... Trichotropis (1) 
ee Anterior end of aperture produced, more or less notched. 
ese Aperculum multispiral, with a central nucleus ....... Tachyrhynchus (1) 
eee GDerculum paucispiral, with a lateral nucleus. 
eooe Inner lip partly detached from the bedy whorl ....... Diastoma (8) 
eeee Inner lip appressed to the body whorl, 
ecoee Aperture decidedly produced anteriorly .......++.+e8 Bittium (10) 
eevee Aperture slightly produced anteriorly .......-.+.+++- Alabina (6) 
ee Aperture entire, without anterior canal or notch. 
eee Nuclear whorls sinistral, set at an angle. 
sees Cokumella with 3 plications’ .....0s ss sses1-0 cies estes subyramidellan (4) 
sees Columetla with 1 plication ic sssec ccs siecle aleuisies sin Odostomia A) 
eooe Golumella without visible plications éxcnieees ewes Lurbonwilias(4) 


#47 p 3 April 1945 

eee Nuclear whorls dextral. 
eseeNuclear whorls slender, always cast off in the adult.e Truncatella (1) 
eeee Nuclear whorls retained in the adult shell. 
eseee Shell clongate, slender. 
eooeee Surface smocth and highly polished. 
eoeneee Shell umbilicated escvccsccaccceresvsessecsvvecr cose Niso (15) 
eseeeee Shell not umbilicated. 
eeceseee Inner lip free, not appressed to the body whorl ... Haliella (15) 
ecoesceee Inner lip appressed to the attenuated base. 
eoecscees Shell colored or with colored markings o...e+-see. Strombiformis(15) 
ecccceces Shell uniformly white, straight or ¢urved ....... Melanella (15) 
eeeeee Surface with numerous, irregular, swollen verices «+. Alaba (5) 
eooece Surface with regular axial] ribs or sharp varices. 
esceese Aperture round with the inner lip continuous «....e.. Epitonium 
esvecee Aperture ovate, outer lip more or less thickened .... Rissoina (14) 
eevee Shell ovate or globose. 
eoevee Aperture nearly filled with teeth w.cesceccseeeeeesees Podipes (1) 
eeoesoe Aperture opene 
eosceee Operculum calcaroous, Solid eocenceccsseeeee Tricvli: (Phasianella)19 
eosecee Operculum not calcareous. 
eecsceoee shell fairly thick and strong. 
ecoveveee surface smooth or finely striate. 
eccecoeeseese Aperture separated from the columella by a shelf 

Ane ee ee eee a reise Bat Wisy uilt 1 OlK 
eecccecove COlumella narrows 
eoccvcseces Nuclear whorls smooth ecccscscocnccecvesseccee Syncera (17) 
eosecseeeee Nuclear whorls thimble pitted. 
nevesceseess Periphery sharply angulated eccccsscescoeveces Diala (1) 
siweisensiosieen PELIPNGLY TOUNdG (ss sew sects seule ee civs sewer rns barlceia (17) 
eovcesess Surface sculptured. 
cececceces Columella with a central swelling or tooth eee. Iselica (1) 
eeccecaeces Columella smooth. 
eccccesceee Shell umbiliente, aperture semilunnte .«.....e. Fossarus (1) 
ecvcceccveee Shell not umbilicate, aperture rounded ........ Alvania (13) 
evevsoess OMell thin and delicate. 
esceceeee Aperture semilunate, umbilieus lacunate o.....eeee Lacuna (1) 
ecoosvseees Aperture broadly oval, umbilicus small or none. 
eoocsevsece Shell of many WNONGUS Mietolelete cheteleierel vel cretersie se clemonsroncletere Cingula (12) 
pie w cleireiee SOC 1 1eOF (LOW) WHOA Smeets seas4 ¢sice.s ele ew esse see slee ch lSsOollay (ly) 
ecoos Sholl turbinate or depressed. 
ecesee Operculum cnlearecous,solid «sees Homalopoma (Leptothyra) (1) 
eesese Operculum not ocaleareouse 
ececeee Interior of aperture brilliantly nacreous ...+. Margarites ) 
eeceeoe Interior of aperture dull or slightly nacreous. 
evsecesee Aperture nearly circular, lip thickened. 
eevceenee ONCLI White Cr MACULATCO sin cn cee eccscs scaceccevee UAOCLA (20) 
Sesser SHOLL Unisormily. CLOWN) a6 66 tnnes Caeiss sieneee eee see leliacus (1) 
esoeoees Aperture rounded, lip thin, shell white, vitreous. 
eccccoeee Umbilicus covered by a callus pad escescececeees Teinostoma (1) 
eveccoese Umbilicus QOPene 
eecccseces Outer lip sinated in the middle ......eeeeeee. Scissilabra (2) 
escccosece Outer lip not sinated. 
Gvstesesose CPATa), Sculpture GUSENb seri eecteseceace ss ccon Vibrinolla (2) 
evcesevseee Spiral sculpture presente 
ececcoevceee Many equal spiral threads or incised lines .. Delphinoides (2) 


#47 p 4 April, 1945 
eacccocssescee One to six spiral keels. 
secareecvviones AXiAl sculpture QHDSENT cocsoccncscvesecesesese Circulus (2) 
wees setsccee Axialiseulpture present ov ssessule ones sees esc yclostroma (ec) 


List of Publications 

1. Descriptions scattered through many publications. 

2. Vitrinellidae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Muse voled32, Now 15203 vole’9 , Noo1785 
( These do not give the numerous species described by Carpenter and 

Adams). i 

3e Triphora. Proce U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, Now 1569; Proce Cale Ace Acie 
4th Sere Vol.15, Nu6. 

4. Fyramidellid Mollusks,. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bulletin 68; Proc. vole42, No.19033 
vol.52, Noe 2193; vol.e70, Now 26603 Proc. Cal. Ace Scie 4th Ser.,vol. 
is Noe7e 

5e Alabae Proce U.S. Nate Mus., vole 39, Noe 1781. 

6. Alabina. Proc. U.S. Nate Mus. vol. 39, No. 1790. 

7. Eumeta. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vole 39, Now 1799. 

8. Diastoma. Proce U.s. Nat. Muse, vole 39, Noe 1802, 

9. Cerithiopsis. Proc. U.S. Nate Mus. vole 40, No. 1823, 

10. Bittium. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol.40, 1826, 

11. Amphithalamus. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.e41, No. 1854. 

12. Cingulae Proce U.S. Nate Mus. vole41, Nos. 1858 and 1871. 

13. Alvania. Proc. U.S. Nat. Muse vole41, Noe 1863; Proce Cal. Ace. Sci.,4th 
Sere, vol.19, Noode 

14. Rissoinae Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vole49, Now 2094; Froc. Nal. Ace Sais, 
4th Sere, volel9, Note 

15. Melanellid Mollusks. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.53, Noe 2207. 

16. Epitonium. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, Noe 2217; Froc. Cal. Ace. Sc. 
4th Sere, vol.19, No.5. ( These do not contain a complete list). 

17. Réssoellidae., Synceratidae and Barlecia. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., wl.58, 
Noe 2331. 

18. Caecidas. Jour. Wash. Ace Sci., vol.l0, Noe20 ( This does not contain 
the numerous species described by Carpentor and Adams). 

19. Fhasianella. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 4th Sere, volel7, Now 6. 

20. Liotidae. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vole7, No» 37.6 

EK RE OR HOR AO KK OK 


#47 p 5 April, 1945 


Class GASTROPODA 
Order PTEROPODA 

" Pelagic animals in which the mid-region of the foot in its primit- 
~ive condition, is relatively largely developed, and drawn out into a pair 
of wing-like muscular lobes, which are used as paddles.” 

* The Pteropods inhabit the high seas, floating constantly in the 
water by means of the lateral fins. They are extremely vivacéous in their 
movements, end are frequently together in prodigious numbers” Sutter 


Minutes # 46, pp 24,25,26 gave a clear discussion of the problems 
involved in this group. We have nothing to add to the article by Dre 
Joshua L. Baily Jre and will proceed with our distributional data. It is 
obvious that there is no subject more in need of the attention of a spec= 
-ialist. The literature is both scattered and confusing. Perhaps the fact 
that the experience of the Burches has been the same as that of other 
members will be self explanatory. In the course of our dredging and trawl~ 
-ing operations covering a period of years wo collected great numbers of 
Pteropods. The material was carefully preserved in alcohol, but we have 
never found a student interested in trying to classify our material. It is 
safe to state that there is no other order of mollusks charaeterized by 
such a general lack of information. 


Buborder Thecosomata Blainville 
Pteropoda provided with a delicate hyaline shell developed on the 
surface of the visceral hump. 


Family SPIRATELLIDAE 

Genus Spiratella Blainville,1817. Type. Spiratella antarctica Forbes, 
( Limacinidae= Limacina Cuvier,1817). 

“ Sholl subglotose, sinistrally spiral, umbilicated; whorls transversely 
striated; umbilicus margined.” ( Tryon S. & S. Conchology~ p 94-Limacina) 

This is the only family in the order Pteropoda in which the visceral 
hump and consequently the shell is spirally twisted, and as pointed out by 
Dre Baily the systematic position is problematical. 


Spiratella pacifica(Dall)1871. % Point Barrow, Arctic Occan south ( Dall) 
to Redondo Beach, California ( Burch.) Type locality,Monterey, Calif. 
Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach, Calif. while dredging 5 miles 
off shore in 75 fms. ( Burch); Forrester Island, Alaska- swimming near 
surface, caught in net ( G. Willett); Monterey, Calif., dead on the beach 
1866 ( Dall) ( A. Smith); San Francisco; Catalina Island, 30 fmse3 Lat.40- 
11 N, Long. 125 = 9 W; ( Lowe). 
In Bulletin 112 Dr. Dall listed Spiratella sp. under subgenus Hetero- 
~fusus Fleming,1823. We have no additional information on this species. 
It was stated by Dr. Dall ° Off Oregon coast, in stomach of salmon”. 


Family CAVOLINIIDAE 

Genus Cavolina Abilgaard,1791. Type ( by monotypy), Cavolina natans 
-- Monoculus telemus Linnaeus. 
~ ~*'Shell external, calcareous, inoperculated, bilaterally symmetrical, 
not rolled up in a spiral, but at its apex pften dorsally recurveds «.The 
shell has a variable form, which may always be referred to a hollow cone, 
more or less modified, flattened dorso-ventrally or circular in section. 
The apex is quite straight, recurved, or truncated; the mouth broad or 
narrow; with longitudinal or transverse ribs,etc. " ( Suter). 


#47 p 6 April 1945 

Cavolina tricuspida ( Rivers),1904. Described as Hyalaca tricvspida from 
The Pleistocene of Santa Monica Range, Calif. in Bulletin of the Southern 
California Academy of Sciences, Vol.3, Noe5, May, 1904, p69. 

* Shell opaque white; dorsal plate widely convex; smooth on the disc; 
a lateral spine on either side and a terminal appendage short end truneate 
behind; parallel to the lateral spines is a carina; on the disc of the 
other side are five longitudinally situated carinae; aperture sharply trun~ 
-cate on dorsum, but strongly rounded on the opposite plate; the slit reach- 
-ing quite to the lateral spines” J.J. Rivers. 

The consensus of opinion at this time places Cavolina occidentalis Dall, 
1908 in the synonymy. Grant and Gale consider it a subspecies of telemus 
thus making it C. telemus tricuspida ( Rivers). The older editions of 
Keep ® West Coast Shells™, 1904 Ed. and also 1911 Ed. gave the species 
the Atlantic name tridentata. Dr. A. Myra Keen advises ” Cavolina tridentato. 
Forskal is an Atlantic species, and the name does not apply to our West Coast. 
form as Keep supposed.” Mr. Allyn G. Smith comments " C, tricuspida ~ Prefer 
to use this rather than telemus until we know more of the relationships 
between the two and think occidentalis is a synonym. Shells occasionally 
found on shore at Monterey after winter storms." 

Collecting data: Caught in dredge net off Catalina Island ( Burch); 
off San Diego ( Dr. Fred Baker); 


Cavolina lnevigata ( " Orbigny” in Deshayes),1836. Lamarck, Hist. nat. 
Anime sans Vert., ede%, vol,7, Jane 1836, pe 423. Dr. A. Myra Keen states 

( Per. Comm, Feb. 1945) ® This was described as Hyalaea, a synonym of Cavo- 
~lina, Although Deshnyes credits D'Orbigny with the name, there is no evid~ 
-ence he is author of the description, and probably it should be credited to 
Deshayes direct. We do not have a copy of D'Orbigny's " Voyage dans 1'Amer~ 
-ique méridionale”, so that I cannot check onthe fact of whether he employs 
a name forthe figure. As Sherborn in the Index Animalium credits Deshayes 
with the publication of the name, it may be the text of D'Orbigny's work 

was not yet in print or carried no valid names. I believe the California 
Acasemy has this work and perhaps Dr. Hertlein can check on this point for | 
youe Apparently the species is American,and it may indeed be the thing 
Willett and Lowe identified," The original description follows: 

H. testa subrotunda, depressa, tenui, nitida, hyalina postice uncinata, 
utroque latere brevi auriculata. D'Orb. Voy. dans l'Amere me'rid. ple7, fel5 
A 19. Habite... Petite coquille tres remarquable par sa forme singuliére; 
elle est arrondie, trdéds ddprimde, mince, transparente et polie; son coté 
sup¢dricur est un peu plus convexe que l'inférieur; les deux cotds sont dgaux, 
ct ils sont prolongés posterieurement en une queue ¢troite, triangulaire, 
pointue ct fortement recourbde en hamecon; l'ouverture est en fente tres 
étroite, bordée de brun violatre; elle occupe tout le pourtour de la conqui- 
~ lc, si ce nest d l'extrdmitdéd postdrieure,ou les deux parties sont réunies; 
vu de fisce, le corps de la coquille ressemble assez bien d un petit peigne; 
evr ses parties laterales sont prolongdes en deux petites oreillettes com- 
-rrintle, formant les commissures de 1' ouverture”. 

Collceting data: Catalina Island, California in 30 fms. ( G. Willett). 


Genus Clio Linnaeus,1767. Type. Clio pyramidata Linnaeus. 

* Sholl pyr :nidal, three-sided, striated transversely; ventral side 
flnt, cd »rsel keeled; aperture simple, triangular, with the angles produced; 
rpex ecute"™ Tryon §&.S. Conche p 90- as Cleodora Peron & Lesueur,1810. 


#47 p 7 April, 1945 
Clio exacuta Gould,1852. North Pacific Ocean, west of Columbin. River (Dall) 
Eo Catalina Island, Calif. ( G. Willett). Type locality, lat. 44 N.,long. 
154 W, that is about 30 degrees west of the mouth of the Columbia River. 
( fide Oldroyd pe. 20) 
Collecting data: Catalina Island, Calif. 200 fms. ( G. Willett); 


Clio occidentalis ( Dall),1871. Northeast Pacific between lat. 30 and 50 

NV. off the Farallon Islands ( Dall). Type locality, North Pacific, off 

coast of California in lat. 33 Ne, long. 130 W. ( fide Oldroyd p.20). 
Collecting data: Dead shells dredged in about 100 fms. off La Jolla, 

Calif. ( A. Smith); Santa Maria Bay, Lower Calif. ( Lowe). Note: This record 

of Lowe's is an extension of range southward, to approme late 25. 


Genus Styliola Lesueur,1826. Type Styliola subulata Quoy (fide 
Tryon $8.5. Conche pe91) 
" Shell slender, conical, pointed, straight or curved. Fins rather 
narrow, truncatec,with small tentacles projecting from their dorsal edges, 
and rudiments of the mesopodium on their surface; mantle~-margin with a 
Spiral process on the left side. M. Rang states that he has seen these 
Pteropods clustering round floating seaweed.” ( Tryon S. and S. Conch. pe 91. 


Styliola falcata Goul2,1852. Northeast Pacific west of Oregon ( Dall) 
south to Catalina Island, Calif. ( G. Willett). 
Collecting data: Catalina Island, Calife in 30 fms. ( G. Willett). 


Genus @reseis Rang,1828. This genus seems to have been placed in 
the synonymy of Styliola by Tryon and the majority of authors. Dre Dall 
in Bulletin 112 listed the following species: 
Creseis subula Quoy and Gaimard,1827. Dr. Dall gave the range as simply 
"Warmer waters of the north Pacific". The genus is omitted by Oldroyd , 
Keen and others of recent datee Dr. A. Myra Keen states ( Pere Comme Feb. 
1945) " I omitted Creseis subula Quoy and Gaimard because the range was so 
indefinite. Theile places this species in Styliola and says there is only 
the one species in warm sens.” 


Family Cymbuliidae , 

Genus Corolla Dall,1871. Type. Corolla spectabilis Dall,1871. 

" Like Ticdmannia, but with the body pendant below, unattached to the 
pinnae, ovoid, constricted above; oesophagus produced, oral aperture trumpet 
shaped, produced into two points. Pinnae forming a single disk with retic~ 
-ulnoted muscular bands, separated by a deep sinus from the oral portion. 
Shell entirely absent. © ( Dall). 


Corolia srectabilis Dall,1871. Lat. 34 ( San Pedro) ( fide Keen 1937) to 
Lontcrey and Lat. 43 Ne. and Japan Seas ( Dall). Type locality, North Pacific 


Cor slic vitrea ( Heath and Rpaulding),1901. Described and figured in A.N.S. 
Priin., 5¢:°09-511, with 1 text fig. AG. Smith ( Pere CommeFeb.1945) states 
" ;.ccording to Heath, a large number of individuals of this species were 
t-icen at or near the surface of Monterey Bay in 1900, and since that time 
rreot shoals were noted at the same locality on two different occasions. 
Tceseribed as Cymbuliopsise Not listed by Dall and possibly overlooked by 
fag Bulletin woe 

we have been unable to get a copy of the original description of this 
spocies. When received we will run the description under Additions and 
Corrections, Not in Oldroyde See pages 25 and 26 for figure & descriptions 


#47 p 8 April, 1945 


Suborder GYMNOSOMATA 
* In this division the mantle-skirt is aborted,and there is no shell 
in the adult animale" ( Suter)e 


Family CLIONIDAE 
Genus Clione Pallas,1774. Type Clione borealis Brug. ( fide Oldroyd). 
® Head indistingt; tentacles six, conical, three on each side. Tooth 
of lingual membrane broad, eonvex behind, slightly twoslobed and dentic- 
~ulated in front; lateral teeth 12-12, simple, arched, rather swollen at 
the base, the puter gradually diminishing in size.” ( Gould, Report on 
the Invertebrates of Linassachusetts). 


Clione limacina Phipps,1773. " N. Bering Sea south to the Pribilof Islands, 
rarely in the Aleutians. Circumboreal.® ( Dall). 
Clione dalli Krausc,1885, Archive f. Naturgeschichte, vol.5l, p. 298, plel8, 
figel9a. Type loce: Alewtians nordlich vom Akutan Pass, 

This species was added from a letter of Dr. A. Myra Keen ( Per. Comme 
Feb. 19459" Dall{ 1908, Smith. Misc. Coll. vol. 50, pt.4, pe 502) considers 
this to be an immature specimen of C. limacina Phipps. I mention the name 
here just to put it on record.” 
Clione elegantissima Dall,1871. South of the Aleutian Islands, in lat. 51 
59, longe 161 26 West ( Dall). 


Family PNEUMODERMATIDAE 

Genus Fneumoderma Cuvier in de Roissy in Sonnini,1805. Dr. Dall in 
Bulletin 112 gave as author of this genus, Peron and Lesueur,1810. Dre A. 
Myra Keen ( Per. Comm. Feb. 1945) states ® According to Sherborn, the first 
use of Fneumoderma is by Cuvier in 1805, in Sonnini's Suites a Buffone He 
had published the name in 1804 in the vernacular, without species. We do 
not have the 1895 reference, so that I cannot verify whether the genus was 
without species until the description of P. peronii by Lamarck in 1819," 
Typee Pe peronii Lamarck (7). 


Pneumoderma pacifiea Dall,1871, San Pedro, Calif. to lat. 45, 

Tr. Dall in Bulletin 112 gave the southern limit of the range as ® off 
the const of California in lat. 37". However, Dr. A. Myra Keen in " Abridged 
Cueck List" gives lat.34, San Pedro, Calif. based on Dall's record in U.S. 
Nei. vole 15, pe 1946 Type locality. N. Pacifier Ocean lat.37 8 N,long.136 
10 West. 

Collecting data: No specific regordse 


Family DESiMOPTERIDAE 
Genus Desmoptcrus Chun,1889. Type { by monotypy), De papilio Chun. 
Dr. A. Myra Kecn ( Per. Comme Feb. 1945) gives a free te caetanton of the 
description of the genus given by Thiele ” Without shell, body barrel-shaped, 
its forward part 1t an anglo; foot small, float large, 5 lobed, mien 2 long 
whips; tentacles smell, knob-shaped}; oaphradium right and ventral.® 


Desmopterus pacificus Essenberg,1919. Off San cme peers late 32 53 Ne 


raneh ee a: ee) > i} 


eat aa} fe, xy iN 2m ~~ Weate 
os f Fr we Wore 
L E tL te i : " / oN 
Naty eel A | i 
0a Cavolina tricuspida ( Rivers) SE AG 


Dall's figse 


#47 p 9 fpril, 1945 
Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA 
Suborder TECTIBRANCHIATA 
Family ACTEONIDAE ‘ 
This family included the operculate, opisthobranchiate mollusca 
which possess a radula, differeing in the last feature from Acteocinidses 


Key to Genera 
le Columella with one fold ccccsccccccsccerecsssseee Aton 
2e Columella with no fold croccssccvencecpeereecessese Rictaxis 
3e Columella with two foldB ecocsecrcccnseccoevveeecee Microglyphis 


= -_ > 


eee? oT 

mes Bl 
“ss <. eran PRT 
ec fe 
ce rats 2 fay a : “Br 


iy f ie, 


x if) ee ey 
Its 7 Ye WV 
Acteon Rictaxis 


Genus Acteon Montfort,1810. Type ( by monotypy) Bulla tornatilis L. 

* Shell compact, with short spire and large, ovate body vhorl; aper= 
-ture over half the length of the shell, narrowed above, the c»lumella 
bearing a single, simple, spiral folde*® Pilsbry, in Tryaons lianual Conche 


Acteon traski S8tearns,1898. Catalina Island to Panamae Type locality, 
San Diego, Calif 

This species is readily distinguished from the other described Pacific 
Coast species by generic characters. It is about the size of . lirge spec~ 
~imen of A. punctocaclata ( about 165 mm in length) but has five post-nucl~ 
~ear whoris ( including body whorl instead of four.” 

Collecting datas: H.N. Lowe reported the species from Catalina Island 
in Nautilus, vel8, pe 196 3 dredged in 40 fms. off Ship Rock, Catalina Is- 
~land ( A.M. Strong); Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif. ( Willett); 


Subgenus Rictaxis Dall, 1871. Type ( by monotypy), Tornatella puncto- 
-caclatn Carpontere 

"Like Acteon seS» , but with the columella projecting anteriorly 
or truncate obliquely.® 


Acteon punctocaelatn ( Carpenter), 1864. British Columbia to Magdalena 
En:r, Mexico. to Seb, Alaska ( G, Willett). Type locality ib given. 
Oldroyd suggests Santa Cruz, Calif. ? Dre As Myra Keen calls attention to 
the fact that the spccies was spelled punctocaelata in the original and not 
as often spelled punctocoelata. 

This species is distinguishable from A, traski by the projecting columed 
-lao , more ventricose body whorl, less effuse anterior lip and smaller sige. 
Specimens that are fenerally classified as A, punctocaclata from southern 
California are very much larger than Carpenter s measurements indicate. 
Specimens in the Oldreyd collection at Stanford are relatively enormous, 
the largest being «bout 20 mm. in length. 

Tho largost specimens collected by the Burches came from Monterey 
Bay in 26 fathoms and rvcasure 15 mm in lengthe 


be. eee #47.p 10 April, 1945 | 
Robert E.Cs Stearns in Progy U,S.NyMe, Vol. 21, ps 298 described a variety 
as follows: ® The Spanish plent examples of. As punctosaclatus are without 
the least trace of the broad dark hapds that characterize recent or living 
Specimens. They are also much elenderer, andy on the wholey upon a compar- 
~{son betwech numerous examples of ,both, more attenuated and delicate, 
thouigh the columollar charabters-dre the samo. This fossil varietal aspect 
may for convenience be known 28 vara coronadoensis " ( Reg. Nose 148265~ 
~-70, UsS.NeM.)e Grant and Gale discuss this variety on p. 443 and place 
it in. the synonymy of the typical along with the variety vancouverensis 
described by Mrs. Oldroyds Mr. George Willott reports that he has dredged 
both the variety vancouverensis and the typical form from southeastern 
Alagka and the Burches have dredged both forms off Catalina Island and 
Redondo Beach, Calif. We are disposed to follow Grant and Gale, 
‘Collecting data: Ketchikan and Craig, Alaska ( G. Willett); 3-25 fms. 
in sand, in Monterey Bay, common ( A.G. Smith); dredged in shallow water 
localities from Monterey, Calif. to Todos Santos 
i 


- Freay fittelends Cal f, to San Diego, Calif. 
| 3 eats Ti COMBE tae 
The shape of this shell is indiopted by the fact that it has been 
suggested on first sight of spegimens’ that perhaps they are the bulla stage 
of such a form as Trivia ritteri,-However, a careful examination under a 
glass shows the distinctive scylptures It is a very rare species and in 
few collections, ie . 
Collecting date: Mr. A.M. Strong has one spécpen dredged in 30-40 
fathoms off White's Landing, Catalina Island. There i8“one specimen in 
the San Diego Museum of Natural History. eas . 


: rae 
There is but one other described species of Acteon from this coast 


which is A. panamensis Dall,1908 from Panama, and possibly A. venustus(d'Orb 
from Peru. 


Genus Microglyphis Dall,1902. Type. Acteon curtulus Dll. 

* This is a group of chiefly deep-water species, characterized by 
a very short spire and globose shell in which the end of the pillar is not 
only truncate as in Rictaxis , but has a marked sulcus behind it and is 
produced laterally into a rather wide spiral flange at maturity,e nd is 
concave with a single feeble plait behind the terminal laminoe. Inopercule 
~ates"( Dall). 


Microglyphis breviculus Dall,1902,. Monterey, Calif. to Point San Quentin, 
ower Calif. (Dall). Type locality, off Santa Rosa Island, United States 
Fish Commission Station 2902, 

Collecting data: Dredged in 75 fms. off Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burrh); 
off Catalina Island, Calif. in 200 fms. ( G. Willett); 66-73 fms. off .« 
Point Pinos, in green mud and rocks ( USFC Sta. 4552) rare ( A.G. Smith.) 


Microglyphis estucrinus Dall,1908, Stnaits of Juan de Fuca to Gulf of Calif. 
Tvpe oaality, 0.5.5. ~ Albatross” Station 3194, off Estero Bay, Calif. 
in 92 fathoms, No collecting record8e 


Other described species of this genus are: Me mazatlanicus Dal1,1908 from 
Lr2atian, Mexico in 995 fms. and M, parconicus Dall,1889 from the Galapagos 
Isl-«nds in 812 fme, 


#47 pill April, 1645 
Family ACTEOCINIDAE 

The following letter from Mr. A.Me Strong is an excellent introduction 
to the problems involved. 

*° The west coast species in this family can well be divided into three 
genera and two subgenera on shell characters alone. It may be that a study 
of the soft parts will make some changes necessary and a comp»%rison with 
the types of the subgenera here used may also make some changes, 

The species in the genus Acteocina 8.5. are without sculyture, and 
the spire is elevated, conical,and with the nuclear whorls tilted. As the 
shell grows the older whorls lap up more and more on the preceeding whorls 
so that in the adult the apex appears more flattened than is the case with 
young shells. This is more noticeable in some species than in others. We 
can recognize three definite species as common in our fauna. A. eximia Baird 
is found in the Puget Sound area. A. culcitella Gould is found all along 
the coast on sandy bottom and in such places as sandy bars at the entrances 
to bayse A. inculta Gould is a very small species that lives on the mud 
flats in the bays. Ae cerealis Gould is usually considered to be based on 
a young specimen of Ae culcitella, and has been definitely stated to be 
such by Dall, As planata Carpenter from San Diego is a senile specimen of 
Ae inculta in which the spire has become flattened by erdsion and the over= 
=Iapping of the body whorl. This has been noted by Bartsche A. intermedia 
Willett, as the name suggests, is similar to both A. culcitella and A, eximin. 
If treated as a variety it would be hard to say with which it should be 
connectede Aw Smirna Dall is found off the coast of Lower California and has 
been reported as stray specimens from Laguna and San Diego. It does not really 
belong in our fauna. It is labeled A. recta d'Orbigny in the older collec~ 
-tions but that species belongs elsewhere. A. infreguens C.B. Adams has 
been reported from Southern California but that is due to misidentifications. 
The species is not definitely known north of Corinto. 

Prior to the dredging of Newport Bay there was a large sand bar just 
inside the entrance. On this a large number of a small Acteocina were coll~ 
~ected which Dall identified as A. magdalensis Dall. We have seen no spec~ 
-imens from Magdalena Bay or a fignre of the type by which comparisons 
could be made but the description seems to fit this shell. It could well 
be that this is the shell which Gould named cerealis and which Carpenter 
and others identified as A. infrequens C.B. Adams. This shell requires 
more studye 

The subgenus Coleophysis contains two species in our fauna, harpa 
Dall from the north and carinata Carpenter from the south. The ranges over= 
-lap in Southern California. In these the whorls of the spire are sculptured 
with fine axial lines which show on the body whorlfor a very short distance 
below the suture. Dall in Bulletin 112 lists the subgenus under Retusa and 
lists hirpa under it. Carinata is listed under Acteocina, The subgenus is 
quite distinct and more like Acteocina than Retusae 

The genus Retusa ses. has the whorls lapping over each other until the 
apex is slightly or not at all raised above the shoulder of the body whorl. 
Three circunboreal species are listed from the Arctic Ocean but probably do 
not belong to our faunde 

The subgenus Sulcularia has the overlapping of the whorls carried to a 
still greater extreme until the spire is in a deep sunken pit in the apex 
mia more or less obscured by the body whorl. Only one species is reported 
in our fnuna, S. xystrum Dall, though there are several species from further 
cout. s All ere sculptured with axial lines. It is probable that these should 
t. tronted 16 a govd genuSe 

The genus Volvulella has an extension of the posterior end of the outer 


#47 p12 April,1945 
lip which entirely covers the spire and ends in a more or less distinct 
apical point. Four species are listed from Southern California and several 
from further south. The Southern California species are V. cylindrica 
Carpenter, V. cooperi Dall, V. californica Dall, and V. tenuissima Willott. 
They can be separated by the arrangement of the incised spiral sculpture 
and slight differences in size and shape.” 


A report on this family was prexared by Tom Burch for the meeting of 
the Conchological Club of September,1938. This paper was published by the 
club at that time and covered a discussion of the anatomy, radudae etc. 
as well as data on the species. Information from this paper will be freely 
used here without further reference. 

A few of the publications referred to follow: Arnold, Ralph, Paleontol-= 

-ogy and Stratigraphy of the Marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, 
Stanford University, 1903; Carpenter, Catalogue of the Reigen Collections 
of Mazatlan Mollusca, 1855-57, British Museum; Dall, W.H., Proceedings of the 
U.S. National Museum, 24:499-566, 86:293-371; Dall, W.H., Nautilus, vol.35, 
pe96,1922 and vol. 39, p.e25,1925;Dall, W.H., Bulletin U.S. Natl. Mus. Noe 
112,1921; Dall, W.H., Amer. Jour. Conch. 7:136; Grantand Gale, Pliocene 
and Pleistocene Mollusea of California, San Diego Society of Natural Hist. 
1931; Keene A. Myra, West North American Marine Mollusea, Stanford Uniz., 
1937; Keep and Baily, West Coast Shells, Stanford Univ., 1935; Oldroyd, 
Ida, Marine Shells of Puget Sound, Univ. of Wash., 1924; Oldroyd, Ida, 
Merine Shells ofthe West foast of North America, Stanford University,19273 
Oldroyd, £.S., Meutilus, vol.34,p.114,1921; Pilsbry, H.A. and Tryon, G.W. 
Manual of fonchology, vol.15; Sowerby, G.B. Jr.,1889; Strong, A.M., Nautilus 
vole55, pe44,1921 and vol.d5 p. 122,19225 Willett, G.W., Nautilus, vol.42, 
Fod7, 1928; Willett, G., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol.8,19387; 
Willett, Go, Bulletin Southern Calif. Acad. of Sciences, vol.43,pp.71-73, 
1944; Woodring, Cernagie Inst. Publication # 385, 1928, 


Genus Acteocina Grsy,1847. Type ( by original designation), Acteon 
wetherilli Lea, iwincone of New Jersey. fide Grant and Gale, 1931, p.446. 

"Shell small or medium sized, cylindrical, spire low, suture chanelled 
nuclear whorls small,pepillate, more or less submerged, coiled at an angle 
of about 90 degrees to axis of post-nuclear whorls; aperture long,narrow, 
dilated,and rounded at anterior end; columella bearing an oblique basal 
fold emerging from aperture and merging into basal lip; sculpture absent 
or consisting of faint spiral grooves.” ( Woodring, Carnegie Inst. Publ. 
No. 385, pe 119, 1928). 

Grantand Gale, 1931 advanced the theory that the differences between 
Acteooina and Retusa are so smalland variable as to not be of generic sig-= 
enificance, and therefore used the genus Retusa with Acteocina as subgenus. 
However, this has not been generally accepted. 


Acteocina culcitella ( Gould), 1852. Kodiak Island, Alaska south to San 
Martin Island, Mexico(Strong) , reported from Pan Ignacio Lagoon by E.K.e 
Jordan. Type locality, Santa Barbara, Calif. ( fide Oldroyd, pe 28). 

The consensus of opinion at this time places the species cerealis (Gould) 
in the synonymy as being based on a young specimen of this species, 

This species is distinguished from the other species of the genus by 
its long pointed spire and heavy fold on the columellae 

Collecting data: A comment from Mr. George Willett who has collected 
extersivcly in Alaska is of particular interest " I would question Alaskan 
rseorcs®. Dredgod off Monterey in 20 fmse shale bottom, Redondo Beach, Calif. 
in 25 fms., off Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fms., off Santa Monica, Calif, 


HAT 0 15 Avrit. Los 
Todos Santos Bay off Punta Banda ( Burch); Monterey Bay in 10-25 fms. (A. 
Smith); Drier Bay, Knight Island, Alaska ,1923, in 15 fmm. mud (Eyerdam). 


Acteocina eximia ( Baird),1863. Kodiak Island, Alaska south to Monterey, 
Calif. ( Dr. Bolin) ( Keen). Type locality, Eqquimalt Harbor, Vancouver 
Island. 

This species has often been used as a subspecies of culcitella and it 
may be. However, it is distinguished by the lack of the heavy fold on the 
columella and in its shorter spire, which is set in a circular depression 
just within the upper margin. : 

Collecting data: Forrester Island ond Craig, Alaska ( G. Willett); 
Izhut Bay, Afognnk Island, Alaska in 10 fms. mud, 1922 ( Eyerdam); Hinchin- 
-brook Island, Pre Wm. Sound, dredged ( IL. Norberg,1932)3 20-158 fms» in 
Monterey Bay, in mudand fine sand, fairly common ( A.Smith). 


Acteocina intermedia Willett,1928. Nautilus. vol.42, ppe 37-38 . 

This was described as a subspecies of culcitella. Inasmuch es this is 
not in Oldroyd the original description follows; 

* Acteocina culcitella intermedia, new sub species. Description: Shell 
eylindrical,with sacrtespire, the latter, however, not excavated at the 
apexe Columellar fold wenting or only slightly indicated. Lip and aperture 
as in Ae ce eximia. Tyre number 1015 collection of Los Angeles County 
Museum, dredged by G. Willett in 30 fathoms at Catalina Island, California, 
August 11,1928. Measurements of type in millimeters: Alt. 14, Diam.e 5.7, 
Alt. of spire 1.65. Paratypes in collections of A.M. Strong and the writer. 

Intermedia is easily separated from typical culcitella by much shorter 
spire snd absence of heavy columellar fold; it differs from eximia in more 
pointed and unexcavated spiree All of the specimens of intermedia seen by 
the writer have been dredged in from twenty to forty fathoms off the south- 
-ern California coast. A few specimens of apparent intergrades between i 
intermedia and eximia were dredged in twenty-five fathoms near Craig,Pr. 
of Wales Island, Alaska, while at Forrester Island, fifty miles to the 
southeast, only eximia was found.*® 

Collecting data: The exact renge of intermedia is therefore uncertain 
but our experience has been to dredge it from Monterey to Todos Santos 
Bay, Lower Calif. It was the predominant specics of the genus in dredgings 
off Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burch); San Pedro, Calife in 10-20 fmse and 
off Catalina Island in 30 fmse ( G. Willet#); 10-30 fms. in Monterey Bay, 
in mud common ( A. Smith )e 


Acteocin’a smirna Dall,1919. San Diego, Calif. to San Salvador 
Type lccality, San Diego, Calif. 

This species has been reported from Laguna Beach, Newport Bay, San Pedro 
ete. However, all of these records so far examined north of San Diego have 
proven to be bnsed on errors in identification, The species smirna is des- 
~cribed as having among other characters the dimentions of ~length 4, diameter 
2. Obvioucly an ocersional pathologic specimen of other species might 
nttain these proportions. We have numerous sets in our collection that have 
been labelled smirna for the above reasons, but the only set on which we 
have this label todcsy is a large 8eries from San Martin Island from the 
collection of the late Dre Fred Bakere In any event if the Baker shells are 
true smirna these others are note 

Collecting dutu: San Martin Island ( Dr. Fred Baker); Point Loma, San 
Diego ( Miss Edna N. Wilson) 


Ae on 1G het Gee, 
Actcvucina inculta(Gould),1856. Monterey, Calif. to Gulf of Calirornia. 
Type locality, San Diego, Calif. ( fife Oldroyd, p28) 

This species differs from A. carinata ( Carpenter) in not being as 
wiee and flat on top and in being © pinched in® at the top of the body 
whorl. Mre George Willett thinks that A. carinata may merely be a southern 
form of A. inculta. 

Collecting data: Occasionally found on mud flats of southern California 
bays in considcrable numbers. Tho shellsaverage about 4 mm. in length. Th y 
are found travelling just under the surface of the mud,and their presence 
is shown hy a trail very similar to that of a small Olivella. Acteocina 
culcitella is occasionally found along with A. inculta. We have taken them 
this way at Mugu and accheim Bays. We have also dredged them in shallow 
water from Monterey to Todos Santos bay. Found abundant in Morro Bay by 
Mrs. Rose Burch in May,1940 and in Alamitos Bay in Oct.,1940. The deepest 
record we have for the species is a bathymetric ranga off Redondo Beach 
from littoral to 25 fathoms. ( Burch); 

A note from A,G, Smith in regard to this species follows: ® The Monterey 
record in Bulle 112 was based on a worn specimen of Ketusa harpa , according 
to Gordon, and we have not collected it in the Bay. lf your ‘specimens are 
really inculta, we would like to add this to our list of valie species, * 

In reply to this comment will state that we have a few spcci.. ns that we 
identified as inculta although the predominant form in our dredgings off 
Monterey was A. intermedia Willett with Coleophysis harpa Dali not uncommon. 
( Burch). 


Acteocina magdalenensis Dall,1919. Proce U.S. Natl. Mus. 56:296. Newport 
Bay, Calif. to Magdalena Bay, Lower Calif. Type locality, Magdalena Bay. 

This species was well figured by Mrs. Oldroyd vol.II, part 1, Pl.2, figs 
2a,b. There has been a great deal of discussion regarding this species. 

The theory was advanced by Grant and Gale that it may be but the young of 
culcitella. However, it is our opinion that it is a good species and is 
distinguished by the oliva-like spire, more or less elevated and deeply 
channelled along the suture. It is smaller than adult culcitella and is a 
crcamy colore We have compared it with numbers of young culcitelia of the 
some size and found them easily separable. 

Collecting data; The only specimens we have seen were from the 
entrence to Newport Bay collected by Mr. A.M. Strong and a set from Laguna 
Beach collected Ly Dr. W.0. Gregge Mr. George Willett comments * Have this 
name on several lots of southern California specimens." 


Dr. A» Myra Keen of Stanford University sent us a tracing of the orig~ 
~inal figures of Acteocina inculta ( Gould) which are retraced below:~ 


47 Ne 

Acteocins oldroydi Dall,1925. Departure Bay,British Columbia, 
This spccies is known from the type locality only and none of 

our members have reported having a specimen. 


#47 p15 April,1945 
Acteocina planata ( Carpenter),1865. The consensus of opinion is that this 
Spectes should be placed in the synonymy of As inculta ( Gould) on the 
theory that it is based entirely on senile specimens of incultae It is 
described as having a flat top and being more slender than inculta. It was 
described from San Diego and presumably only found att the type type locality. 
We have specimens from the lare Dr» Fred Baker taken from San Diego, but 
find that we can select the same form from our series of inculta from Red- 
~ondo Beach and elsewhere. We are, therefore, abandoning the name planata. 


Acteocina infrequens ( C.B. Adams), 1852. Cape San Lucas to Panama. Type 
locality, Panama. 

We list this species here because it was listed by Dre Dall in Bulletin 
112 with a range from Sinta Monica south. There has been a great deal of 
misunderstanding of this species and unfortunately also a great many misid- 
~entifications. The species has never been figured to our knowledge. 

Mr. A.M. Strong states that it is definitely not of the California 
fauna and is far more slender than any of our spocies. It is to be expected 
that Dr. Hertleinand Mr. A.M. Strong will give us a clearer idea of what 
this species is when their work on the southern fauna is published on this 
groupe 


We have record of but one other species of Acteocina from this coast 
and that is from the southern fauna. It is Acteocina angustior Baker and 
Hanna,1927 ranging from the Gulf of California to Acapulco, Mcxico. It 
was described in Proce Calif. Acade Scie Sere4d, vol.16, p. 121, ple4mfig.5. 


Genus Coleophysis Fischer,1883. Type ( by monotypy), Utriculus truncul~ 
“us ( Bruguiere). The al description from Manuel Conchyl,, pe555: 
TSommet tronqué , concave; coquille ldgérement dilatée eh avant, rétrécie 

en arridre; pli columellaire es ou moins distinct. Exe: Utriculus truncul+ 
-us ( Bruguiere), des mers d‘ Europe®. 

Coleophysis was used as a section of the genus Retusa by Dr. Dall, under 
which he placed the apesies harpa Dall, 1871. Dr. Dall placed the species 
carinata ( Carpenter),1857 under Neteoeina SeS~e Inasmuch as both of these 
‘vecies in our fauna have the fine axial sculpture of Coleophysis, but not 
the spire of Retusa s.Se, it seems logical to us to raise Coleophysis to 
peneric standing. 

Grant end Gale, 1931, pp.445=-446 discuss Coleophysis as follows: 

" Ketusa harpa_ ( Dall) has the fine axial sculpture of Coleophysis Fischer 
tut tne type of the latter has an involute spire, the outer lip extending 
the entire length of the shell.” Dr. Ae Myra Keen ( Per. Comm. Maroh,1945) 
comments ® The type of Coleophysis has a truncate if not a sunken Bpire.® 


Coleophysis cnrinata ( Carpenter),1857. Redondo Beach, Calif. ( Burch) to 
Panama ( Zetek). Type locality,Mazatlan, Mexicoe 

This is a short blunt spired species, smaller than young Acteocina 
culcitella and is wider and flatter and more carinated on top than A. inculta. 
The suture is not chinnelede 

Collecting data: Dredged off Redondo Beach in l5=to 25 fms. 


Coleophysis harpa (Dall), 1871."Queen Charlotte Islands to San Diego" (Dall) 

hut the present known rango is Forrestor Island, Alaska ( G. Willett) to 

San Martin Island, Mexico ( Dr. Fred Raker). Type lcocality,Monterey, Calif, 
This species is easily distinguishable by the heavy longitudinal 


sculpture on the upper half of the body whorl. 


#47 p 16 April,1945 

Collecting data: It is interesting to note that specimens from the 
northern end of the range seem to average much larger and coarser. We have 
found it a not uncommon dredged species with a bathymetric range of from 
15 fms. or less to as deep as 75 fms. off Redondo Beach. We dredged it off 
Monterey, Calif. in 15 to 25 fms., off Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fms., 
to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. ( Burch); Forrester Islond, Alaska to 
Los Coronados ( G. willett); 10“40 fms. in Monterey Bay, in fine sand and 
mud, common ( A.G. Smith); Drier Bay, Knight Island, Alasks,1.¢3 in mud 
at roots of eel grass ( «wed. Eyerdam)e and the note Extendcd kange= to 
Prince William Sound, Alaska ( wW.J. Eyerdam); dredged off Friday Harbor, 
Puget Sound, Wash. ( Trevor Kincaid). 


Genus"Sulcularia® Dell,1921, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bulletin 112, pp. 61, 
202, Febs24,1921. Type ( by original designation) ( p.202) Retusa sulcata 
(i'Orbigny) as Bulla. 

Dr. Dall proposed the name Sulcularia in Bull. 112 as a section of 
the genus Retusae However, it is the consensus of opinion that the species 
involved are sufficiently distinct from Retusa 5.8, or any other described 
genus to be placed in a separate genus. 

Dr. Woodring raised the subgenus to generic rank and we agree with his 
solution other than the possible question of the name Sulcularia Dall. The 
difficulty here is well stated by Dr. Myra Keen ( Per. Comm. March,1945) as 
follows: * Sulcularia Dall,1921 = Bull. 112, pp 61,2N2= is, as your cards 
reveal, a homonym of Sulcularia Rafinesque,1831, and is not available for 
usce Until soneone gets around to proposing a substitute name or finding an 
available synonym, we had best use this name in heavy quotes, disinfecting 
it as much as possible.” If there is any valid reason for ignoring Sulcul~ 
~aria Rafinesque,1831, it will no doubt be called to our attention. In the 
meantime it seems somewhat futile to clutter up our records with a name 
that is apparently alrendy consigned to the synonymy. Therefore we propose 
to use the name Suleoretusa to replace Sulcularia Ball. ( Burch) 

Grant and Gale,1941, p. 446 discuss this genus as follows; " Retusa 
xystrum (Dall), which renges from San Pedro to San Diego, belongs to the 
‘section Suloularia Dall. This section is very close to Coleophysis Fischer, 
but it has an apical perforation and no plication on the columella. The 
types of both Coleophysis and Sulcularia have fine axial sculpture, but 
the former has a very small fold or plication which is entirely absent on 
Sulculeria, Retusa xystrum ( Dall), has fine axial striae, It is a very 
delicate, small shell, about 2 or 3 mm. in length.” 


Sulcoretusa_xystrum ( Dall),1919, San Pedro, Calif. to San Diegoe 
Type locality, San Diegoe 
Shell subcylindric with a deep pit at the apex; sculptured with extre~ 
-mely fine longitudinal grooves covering the whole surface. 
Collecting data: San Pedro, Calif. in 10 fms., 1 specimen { Burch) 


The following note from Mr. A.G. Smith is of interest in connection 
with the above species. " Retusa ( néw species) - Described and figured in 
our Nentersy paper. Like xystrum, but has finer sculpture. It is a rare 

ere. aa 
species. 


There are several other species in this group in the southern fauna 
rnd the key to species from the notebook of Mr. A.M. Strong should be of 
creet value to students working on this material. The key follows. 


#47 p17 April,1945 


Sulcoretusa ( Sulcularia Dall) 
Spire involved, apex with a deep pit 
» Shell widely constricted around the middle 
ee Sculpture of fine axial grooves only 
3x 1mm. Gulf of Calif. to Panama ee-s.eeee4 luticola C.B. Adams 
ee Sculpture of fine axial and spiral striations 
205 x 1 mm Gulf of Californias....eeeeeeeeeeee carpenteri Hanley 
« Shell very little constricted around the middle 
es Sculpture of fine axial grooves only 
eee Outer lip evenly rounding into tho base 
3 x 1mm. San Pedro to San Diego esseeeeeeees xystrum Dall 
eee Aperture very narrow behind the base 
5 x 1.5 mm Galapagos sesererceeeeeeee galapagana Dall 


Genus Retusa Brown.1827. Type, Bulla obtusa Montagu (=~ ? plicata 
Brown ~-- ? discors Brown ,-~ Voluta alba Kanmacher, fide Iredale,1915, and 
Woodring,1928); figured by Montagu, Test. Brit., ple7, figed, 1803. 
fide Grantand Gale, 1931, p» 445. 

" Columella without plications; inner lip incrusted with callus, which 
may be sharply deliminated; umbilicus closed or a mere chink.” 


Retusa semen Reeve,1856. Off Point Collinson, Arctic Ocean ( Dall) to 
Prince William Sound, Alaska ( Eyerdam). Type locality. Port Refufe,Nova 
Zomb1la. 

Collecting data; Drier Bay, Knight Island, Alaska, 1923 in 10 fms. 
mud ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Dr. Dall reports this species also from the Atlantic but it is not 
listed in Johnson or other faunal lists of Atlantic species in general use. 


Retusa obtusa(Montagu)1803. Arctic Ocean to St. Mathew Island.Cirecumboreal. 
( Dall). Listed from Greenland by Johnson “ Mollusea of Atlantic Ooast"and 
a variety Re obtusa turrita Moller,1842 is also listed from Greenland. 
Type locnlity. England (fide Oldroyd p32). 

Gollecting data: Inasmuch as this is the accepted type of the genus 
this species is of particular interest. Grant and Gale, 1931, pe 445 say of 
it " Bulla® obtusa, the type of Retusa, is a small, somewhat cylindrical 
shell without a columellar plication and with a spire which varied considere 
-nably in height and may even be truncated, the apex sometimes turned inwards. 
Jeffroy's description of the species is excellent." 


Rotusn portenuis ( Mighels),1843. Arctic Ocean; Bering Sea ( Krause). Also 
Selintice ( Dall). Johnson gives the Atlantic range as follows: " Greenland 
t) Fernandinn,Fla.,10-294 fms.". Type locality. Casco, Maine. ( fide Oldroyd) 
trse Oldroyd also states that the type is lost. 

Collecting data: Reported from Tromsofjord, Norway, collected in 1936 
hy I. Norberg ( W.J. Byerdam). 


Genus Volvulella Newton, 1891. Type ( by subsequent designation, Buc-~ 
-quoy,Dautzenberg, und Dollfus,1886), Volvula rostrata A. Adams ; Australia. 
( fide Grant and Gale, pe 450). aoe Eyes 

* This genus is choracterized in general by the thin, spindle-shaped 
shell, the conoealcau spire, and the posterior spine. The anterior end of the 
aperture is dilated, the columella bearing a faint fold.” Grant and Gale. 

The following notu from Dre A. Myra Keen is of interest about this 
genus ( Per. Comm. Merch, 1945) " I notice that some Australesian writers 


#47 p18 April, 1945 
are adopting Rhizorus Montfort,1810 instead of Volvulella Newton, but 
I do not think this “is advisable. Below I give a tracing of Re adelaidis 
Montfort, the monotype. The species is said to come 
\ from the Adriatic, but Bucquoy,Dautzenterg, and Doli-~ 
\ ~fus could not recognize it/ The description mentions 

| green coloring with reddish zigzag lincs and describes 
wh | | an umbilicus. It is undoubtedly a microscopic opisthos 
| -branch of some sort but not the thing wc know a6 
ee ea a Volvplella.® 


Volvulella cylindrica ( Carpenter),1863. Vancouver Island to Gulf of Calif. 
Type locality, Santa Barbara, Calif. 

The entire surface of this species is covered with distant spiral 
striations. It is less cylindrical than V. cooperi and further differs in 
the more produced posterior spine. a 

Collecting data: Dredged off Monterey, Calif. in 40 fms.e, off Redondo 
Beach in 25 fms., off Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fms., off Santa Monica 
in 15 fms., off Ensonada, Mexico in 20 fms. ( Burch); San Pedro, Catalina 
Island, Se Coronado Island in 15 -30 fms. ( G. Willett); off Monterey, 
Calif. in 15~63 fms., in sand and mud, scarse in the bay ( A.G. Smith). 


Volvulella cooperi Dall,1919. Point Sur, California to Scammon Lagoon, 
Lower Calif. ( Dall,1921). Type locality, Scammons Lagoon, Lower Calif. 

This species is without sculpture and is less distinctly spinose in 
the adult than any other West Coast species. 

Collecting data; For a number of years the Burches identified spec~ 
~imens of the species V. tenuissima Willett with the label cooperi. This 
was done on the assumption that the type of V, cooperi was worn and did 
not show the fine spiral striae. This was in error and the many correspon- 
-dents who received specimens from the Burches labelled V- cooperi are 
requested to change the label to read V. tenuissima Willett,1944, We have 
never dredged a single specimen of typical V. cooperie ( Burch), 


Volvulella californica Dall,1919, Santa Gruz, Calif, ( A.G. Smith) to 

San Diego, Calif. ( Dall). Type locality, off Santa Rosa Island, Calif. 
This is the least cylindrical of the genus in our fauna tending to be 

slightly ovate. The spiral sculpture is confined to the anterior end. 
Collecting data; Just noted that the dredging of this species in 

50 tms. in Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. is an extension of the range 

Ss uthword trom San Diego. Also dredged off Santa Monica, Calif, in 50 fms, 

and off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 75 fms. ( Bureh); San Pedro, Calif. in 

30 fms. ( G. Willett); 45 fms. off Santa Cruz, insoft green mud ( USFC 

Sto. 4483); 298 fms. off Point Sur, in mud and yellow sand ( USFC Sta. 3187) 

( AeGe Smith) 


V-lvul.lla tenuissima Willett,1944,. Bulletin, So. Calif, Academy of Sciences 
vole:d, pto2,1944,pp 71,72,73, pl.l4, figel. Range Redondo Beach, Calif. 
the type locality) to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif., Mexico. 

The original description of this species follows: 


#47 p19  April,1945 

* Shell imperforate, cylindrical,very slerder; aperture narrow, as long 
as the shell; rounded in front; spine shotts Color grayish white, with 
brown stain from spine down inner side of aperture to and 4inéluding the 
columella. Axial sculpture of growth lines curved toward the extremities; 
spiral sculpture of exceedingly fine,wavy striations that cover the entire 
surface of the shell, but are visible only with the aid of a fairly strong 

lass. ° 

: This shell is nearest to Ve cylindrica Carpenter, but is smaller, 
much more slender, and lacks the distant spiral striae characteristic 
of that species." 

*" The typo, Noe 1073 Los Angeles County Museum, ond numerous additional 
specimens were collected by John Q. and Tom Burch off Redondo Beach, Calif 
in 75 fms. Paratypes are in the U.S. National Museum, California Academy 
of Sciences, and in the Burch and Willett collections. 

The type ( not quite adult) measures: Longe 4¢3, lat. 1.6 mme The 
largest specimen at hand measures 6 x 2.1 mme" 


Our fauna contains but the four species but the following keys from 
the notebook of Mr. A.Me Strong should be of great value to any student 
working on the groupe Mr. Strong covers the southern fauna as well. 


Genus Volvulella 
Shell more than 7S mms in length 
9e5 x 3.6 mm Pt. Sur to Gulf of Calife e+. cooperi Dall 

Shell less than 5 mm. in length 
e Shell smooth or with microscopic growth lines only 
ee Length 33 times the diameter 

505 x 1.0 mmo Galapagos Islands secseseeee Callicera Dall 
eo Length 2% times the ciameter 

4025 x 1.75 mne Wost Mexico to Panama ........ panamica Dall 
e Shell with microscopic spiral striations 
ee Spiral striations confined to the anterior end 
seo Length 24 times the diameter 

4.0 x 1.7 mm. Santa Cruz, to Todos Santos Bay californica Dall 
eee Length 13 times the diameter 

2675 x 168 mme Panama Bay eecesessecccecceee catheria Dall 

ee Spirnl striations not confined to the anterior end 
eso Length 3 times the diameter 

4.2 x 165 mm. West Mexico to Panama o+e.--e-+++ee lowei Strong and Hert. 
eee Length 2+ times the diameter ~ 

4025 x 1.75 mm. Vancouver to Gulf of Calif.e.e... cylindrica Carpenter. 
eee Length 3 times the diameter 

4.35 x 166 mme Redondo to Todos Santos Bay eee. tenuissima Willett. 


Spire involved, apex covered, with a more or less 

cistinct spine 
e Surface smocth or with microscopic lines of growth 
ee Apicr]l spine separated from the outer lip by a 

sulcus 

4025 x 175 mme PanOMa Bess s sess glee see eee Panamaca (Dad 
ee Cuter lip rounding into the apical spine 
eee Young with a short spine, in the adult obsolete 

965 x 1.75 mm Pt. Sur to Scammons Lagoon .-..e.e cooperi Dall 
aeo Spine short, outer lip falling a little short of 

the ende 505 x 1 mm Galapagos ses.eeeeseoeeee CAallicera Dall 


#47 p 20 April,1945 
« Anterior end with a few microscopic spiral striations 
es Apical spine short, not extending beyond the outer 
ip 
4 x 1-7 mm. Santa Cruz to Todos Santos Bay .. californica Dall 
ee Apical spine hardly perceptible 


2075 x 1.8 mme Panama Bay peccecereeveeeee Catharia Dall 
« Both anterior and posterior end with spiral 
striations 


4.2 x 1.5 mm. Gulf of Calif. to Panama .e.+e lowoi Strong & Hertlein 
« Entire surface with distant spiral striations 

4025 x 1.75 mm. Vancouver to Gulf of Calif. cylinc rica Carpenter 
» Entire surface covered with fine wavy striations 

4.3 x 1e6 Redondo to Todos Santos Bay .eeee tenuissima Willett 


The southern specics covered by the above key are V. panamica Dall, 
1919 ~ V. catharia Dall,1919= V. callicera Dall,1919= V. lowei Strong 
and Hertlein,1937. 


Family SCAPHANDRIDAE 
Genus Scaphander Montfort,1810 Type ( by original designation), Bulla 
lipgnaria Linnaeus, 
“~~*'Shell external, ovate, imperforate, reaching a large size; spire 
involute, apical perforation shallow, closed by a callus; aperture large, 
wide, anterior part broadly expanded; inner lip closely appressed; parietal 
wall covered with callus; sculpture consisting of narrow spiral grooves." 


( Woodring, Carnegie Inst. Publ. Noe385, pel26,1928). 


Scaphander willetti Dall,1919. Forrester Island, Alaska, 


Genus Bulla Linnaeus,1758. ‘Type ( Absolute tautonymy): Bulla 
naucum Linnaeus. (Syn: Atys Montfort,1810.) 

A shift of a familiar name from the group to which it has been 
applied for many years to replace another well known name is a matter 
that should be stucied closely by all members. We are reluctantly 
accepting the change in the face of unquestionable evidence, This matter 
was first brought to our attention by Dr. Joshua L, Baily Jr. ( Pers 
Comm. Feb.,1945) " When you come to discuss the genus which was formerly 
called * Bulla", you might point out that this name is not available 
owing to an earlier type designation of Bulla naucum by Linnaeus, who 
referred to this species as ° the Bulla”. This action, according to 
Bartschand Rehder who have supplied the the datg makes the name Bulla apply 
to the group formerly called Atys, Furthermore, the two names Bulla and 
naucum, have the same meaning, so that the species becomes type by taut=- 
-onomye As Bullaria was proposed as a substitute for Bulla, it must 
take the same type,and is also not available. The earliest available 
name appears to be Vesica Swainson,1840. Rehder in supplying this data 
refers to Article 30d and Opinions 6 and 55 of the International Code , 

This result shows well the ridiculous conclusions to which one must 
come if one attempts to follow the rules of the International Commission. 
Bartsch thinks that the genus Bulla-- Vesica is not sufficiently large 
or important to justify an appeal to the commission to exercise its plen- 

ary powers of suspending the rules until Bulla can be placed on the 
official list with B, ampulla designated as type. Personally I feel that 
it is of sufficient importance. I believe Bartsch'sand Rehder's inter= 
-pretation of the name and the rules is correct,and unless Sues an geueee 
is taken we will have to make this undesirable shift of terms." 


wal Deel April,i925 

Dr. As Myra Keen discusses the matter as follows ( Per. Comm. March 
1945) ® I should like very much to find a loophole in the Bartsch and 
Rehder argument re Bulla but regret that I cannot. Below is a complete 
transcript of thee vidence: 

Linnaeus,1758, proposed the genus Bulla with some 23 species, no.6 of 
which is -=- as 
© Naucum.332.B. testa rotundata pellucida transversim substriata utrinn- 
-que umbilicata. 

Rumphe muSe te 276 fH. Bulla 

List conch.s 45 i+ 9. Cs YOs te le fe ult. 

Gualt. test. te 13. f. GGe 

Argenve conch. te20. fQe 

Habitat in Asia® 
It is the use of the word ® Bulla® following the citation of figures 
in Rumphius that will change our concept of the genuse Throushout the 
" systema Naturae” Linnaeus occasionally quotes the names, sometimes 
uninomials, sometimes binominls, somotimes polynomials, uscd by these 
pre-Linnaean authors. I have checked as many as we have original liter- 
-ature on to make sure that he is conststent and he seems to be. Although 
Ido not have Rumphius at hand, it is safe to assume from other examples 
that Rumphius used © Bulla®™ in the sense of a specific name. Now the 
International Rules, Art. 30d, as pointed out by Drs. Bartschand Rehder 
state: " If a genus, without originally designated or indicated type, 
contains among its original species one possessing the generic name as 
its specific name or subspecific name, either as valid name or synonym, 
that species or subspecies becomes ipso facto type of the genus. ( Type 
by absolute tautomymy).® 

Opinion 16, which is a further clarification of this Rule, states: 

" In deciding whether a case of absolute tautonymy is present, the cit- 
-ation of a clear prebinomial specific name in synonyriy is to be con- 
estrued as complying with the demands of Art. 30d. Examples: Equus cab= 
-allus ( Equus cited in synonymy in the sense of " the horse' (Which 
is precisely equivalent to the citation of Bulla of Rumphius.) 

Glancing throucsh the ” Systema Naturae” under molluscan genera, I 
find only three genera in which the rule of absolute tautonymy may be 
invoked ( though, of course I may have missed some). Bulla we have just 
discussed; Ostre1 would take the type 0. edulis - fortunately the same 
as designated later by Children; and Pinna, for which Grant and Gale 
have already invoked this principle. It is ironic that they overlooked 
the Bulla. And I, too, overlooked ite 

I am inclindd to agreewith Drs. Bartschand Rehder on the undesir~ 
“ability of petitioning for a suspension of rules, though on different 
grounds. It seems to me the fewer e xceptions we ask for, the sooner 
stability will be achieved. This change is unpleasant, yes, but once 
made it should be iio oulehaeheBec Our species of Atys will now be Bulla; our 
species of © Bulla" will be Vesiea. 

The date for Vesica Swainson,1840 are: Treatise on Malacology, pe 
360. Type ( by subsoquent designation, Gray,1847), Bulln rr-ulla (Linne)* 


The following description of the genus Bulla is obvicusly the des- 
-cription of the genus we have known as Atys. ™ "Bulla' hes » fold on 
the columella and the aperture projects over the vertex of the shell as 
a fold, in a manner somewhat similar to the manner in which the columella 
fold projectsabove the vertex of the body whorl. There are usually spiral 
striations on the shell and typically a small umbilicus is present. 


For discussion of the species of Bulla see page 29. 


#47 p 22 Ape), 1025 

Genus Djaphana Brown,1827, Type. Diaphana minuta Brown. 

This genus differs from Acteocina and Retusa in possessing a radula, 
in the absence of stomach plates etc. The shell is more globose and fragile 
than in Acteocina and Cylichna, with a large umbilicus, thin columella and 
without distinct sculpture. The lack of epipodial lobes and of uncini 
( radula teeth) also distinguish this genus. 


Diaphana brunnea Dall,1919. Kodiak Island, Alaska, 
This species is figured in Oldroyd, vol.2, pled, figel5. 


Diaphana californica Dall,1919, -Noaterey —, Calif. (Smith ) to South 
Coronado Island,Mexico ( Willett). Type locality, Long Beach, Calif. 
this species is figured in Oldroyd, vol.2, pl.2, fig.12. 

Collecting data: 10-25 fms. in sand and also in a kelp holdfast, 
Monterey Bay. This is an extension of range. I also hawe 2 specimens 
collected at Reef Pt., Orange Coe ( A.G. Smith); South Coronado Island 
Mexico at low tide in sand under rocks ( G. Willett); Malaga Cove, Redondo 
Beach, Catalina Island ( G. Willett); Redondo Beach in 25 fms. ( Burch). 

Mr. George Willett has collected this species at Ketchikan, Alaska 
which is a great extension of range. Correct the above stated range to 
read Ketchikan, Alaska ( Willett) to South Coronado Island ( Willett). 


Diaphana globosa Loven,1846. Bering Strait and Arctic Ocean, Circumboreal, 


( Dall).( Krause). Type locality. Scancanavia, 


Genus Brocktonia Iredale,1915. Proc. Malac. Soc. vell, pe 3540. 

® I propose this name for Cryptaxis crebripunctatus Jeffreys, Proc. 
Zool. Soc. 1883, po 398, pl.44, figs.1l a-c: between Hebrides and Faeroes. 
This shell does not rcally fall into Cryptaxis Jeffreys,1883, which is 
moreover invalid, «nd for which Cossmann ( Essais Paleoconch. comp. volel, 
pe 90, 1895) has provided the substitute Clistaxis." ( Iredale). 

*" This shell resembles Cylichna, but has the spire almost concealed.” 
Cal). ia 


Brocktonia polystrigma(Dall)1998. Newpoot Bay, Calif. ( Strong) to San 
Diego. Type locality, off entrance to San Diego Harbor in 50 fms. 
Collecting data: Off Newport Bay in 20 fms. ( A.M. Strong). 


Genus Cylichna Loven,1846. Type ( by subsequent designation, Herman~ 
~nsen,1852), Bulla cylindracea Pennant. 

This genus includes small, cylindrical shells with the posterior end 
truncated and with the spire involute, leaving a small apical concavity. 
The eperture is long and narrow, dilated below and the columella bears 
one oblique fold on its base. Sculpture is absent or confined to fine spiral 
striae and growth lines. 

Cylichnclla Gabb,1872 differs from Cylichna in possessing two columell- 
ear folds. The Califcrnia species, according to shell characters, should 
belong to Cylichna and cannot be placed in Cylichnella. Anatomical charac- 


~ters, now largely unknown, may oa ea onde Se seen Grant and 


Galls,1931. See figures below, Tra 


\ 


ae Cylichnella occulta Mighels 


cae = 2 \ 
- op (2) 
| 
| / 

Cylichnella nuclé la (Reeve ) 


#47 p 23 April,1945 


Cylichnella bidentata d'Orbigny Cylichna attonsa Carpenter 


Cylichna alba (Brown), 1827. Both the rangeand the neme alba have been 
Seriously questioned in our faunae Dre Dall gave the range in Bulletin 
112 " Circumboreal. Arctic Ocean to Monterey". It has becn reported as 
far south as San Diego. Johnson gives the range on the Atlontic as " Green- 
-land to Block Island, R.I. and North Carolina. Circumboreal, 10-1091 fathe 
andalso lists a subspecies A. alba corficata Beck from Grecnland.e Type 
locality is Greenock, Great Britain ( fide Grant and Gale,p.453)e 

In the first place perhaps we should consider the ouestion of whether 
or not our Pacific coast Species is conspecific with the Atlcontic C. albae 
Dr. A. ilyra Keen ( Pers Comm. March,1945) “ I believe our species called 
Cylichna alba Brown is misidentified and that it is distinct from the 
Atlantic species. Ours is more cylindrical, wider near spire, Jonger, with 
thicker lip and a stronger spiral ridge et the apex." A further note from 
Dr. Keen " C. alba ( Brown) is a species dubium as far as our collection 
is concerned. The specimen figured in Oldroyd ( vol.2, pt»l, plc<2) is obv- 
-iously misidentified. I believe it is C. nucleola ( Reeve); the specimen 
is from Icy Cape, Alaska.e ® But on the other side we have the following 
notc from Mr. George Willett of the Los Angeles Museum ® Myra Keen may be 
right that there are slight differences between Atlantic and Pacific spec= 
-imens of Cylichna alba, but a few yearsa go I compared the two ( using 
Atlentic specimens from the Chace collection), and it seemed to me that 
they were enough nlike to be conspecific. As you know, most of my living 
e-ecimens are not “ glossyand white”, as the description calls for, but 
cope of the young oncs might be so described.” 

Tiis species is less elongate and less cylindrical than C, attonsa, 
and it does not have the anterior portion of the lip produced as does 
C. diegonsis. Apex tcnring « fold and is not perforated as in C, diegensis. 
re The consensus of opinion seems to be that the species we now know as 
Ce. nlbn from this coast should be redescribed and renamed either as a new 
species or 2 subspccics at least. 

Collecting dotr: Craig ond Ketchikan, Alaska in 15-30 fms. ( G. Willett) 
" Mackenzie Gordon and I -re inclined to doubt whether alba is a species of 
the Monterey fauna, ti lieving that it is northern. We have used the following 
name for the common Monterey species= C. attonsa " ( A.G. Smith); Drier Bay 
Knight Island, Pr.» Wm. Snd., Alaska,1923 in 10 fms. mud ( W.J. Eyerdam); 
Akutan Island, Aleutian Islands, dredged 1934 ( I, Norberg) ( Wed. Eyerdam). 


Cylichna nucleola ( Reeve),1855. Arctic Ocean to Kodiak Island, Alaska. 
Circumborenl. Type locality, North of Beechy's Island, Arctic. 

Dr. Ae Myra Keen ( Pere Comme March,1945) * I dnclose a tracing of 
the original illustration. You will see that the dimensions are slightly 
different from the Oldroyd specimen, but there seems to be some variability. 
If my determination is correct, the range of Ce nucleolna should be revised 
to 57~72 ( Kodiak I. to Arctic.)* 9 ey ae 


HAT, De ct  April,1945 
Cylichna occulta(Mighels), 1841. Circumboreal. Point Barrow to Aleutian 
Tslands™ (Dall,1921). Johnson gives the Atlantic range as ® Greenland 
to Maine®, Type locality, Westbrook, Maine. Described from a fossil. fide 
Oldroyd, Pe 40. 

Dre Ae Myra Keen advises ( Pere Comm. March,1945) 2 Cs occulta(Mighels 
is another doubtful species. I enclose a tracing of the original figure 
from which you can realize the impossibility of recognizing ite One would 
need topotypic specimens for comparison, which we do not haves" 


Cylichna diegensis ( Dall),1919. Santa Monica, Calif. ( Burch) to Cape 
San Lucas. Dre Dall in Bulletin 112 listed Vancouver Island ? 

This spesies is distinguished by the anterior projection of the aper~ 
-ture and the much thickened pillar lip. It is truncate at the apex and is 
Shorter and fatter then Ce. attonsa. It has a perforated apexes The original 
description mentions “... the apex exhibiting a funicular depression end- 
-ing in a minute perfoi tion". Dr. A. Myra Keen writes ( Per. Comme March 
1045) " We have one very worn specimen which is being sent you on loan. It 
shows the funnel-shaped apex mentioned by Dall. This specimen was identif- 
~ied by Dr. Dall himself." We are figuring this specimen on our plate. It 
seems to be quite a distinct species, in our Recent material. However, 

Mr. George Willett observes ( Per. Comm. March,1945) " There has been 
much confusion between this species ( referring to C. alba), diegensis, 
and attonsa in literature, particularly in publications about fossils. In 
the Del Rey fossils I found specimens that appeared to connect the two 
latter species, but have not found them in the Recent." 

Collecting data: Dredged off Santa Monica, Calif. in 20 fns., off 
Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fms., off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25-50 fms, 
one record off Redondo in 75 fms., Rocky Point in 40 fms., M-laga Cove 
in 15 fms, ¢ Burch); San Pedro, Catalina Island, Point Loma in 20-30 fms. 

( G. Willett). 

Los Coronados (Willett 
Cylichna attonsa ( Carpenter),-486% Kodiak Island, Alaska to San Diego, 
CmlHty Trea, Myra Keen states ( Per. Comm. March,1945) " C. attonsa (Oar- 
-pentcr), 1864 ( hot 1865). Synonym not previously mentioned: C. propinqua 
E.’e Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., sere4, vole9, 1872, p.351, type locality, 
Vescouver Island. The range as given by Dall and copied by me is obviously 
ire 1reat, as the type locality of C. attonsa is Puget Sound. According to 
spucimens in our collection the range should be 33-56:45 ( le. San Diego 
to Kodiak Island, Alaska.” 

“his species is more elongate than C. diegensis. The aperture is very 
ni rrow for 2/3 of the length and then widens out below, Columelja slightly 
wv isted, Rounded off at apex. Apex not perforated as in C. diegensis not 
foteed 218 ino. alba, 

‘oilecting daca. Ketchikan, Craig, Forrester Island, Alaska to Los 
Coronad>s in 10-15 fms. ( U. Willett); 10#40 fms. in sand and mud off 
Monterey, Calif. ( A.G. Smith); Santa Monica,Calif. in 20 fmse, Malaga Cove 
in 10 fms., Redondo borch in 25 fms., Todos Santos Bay, L.C. in 35 fms. 
Our experience has *:on to find this species less common than diegensis. 

( Burch). 


On the follovwinz page we will give you a key to species from the note 
book of Mr. A.M. Strong. Mr. Strong covereaé the species from Point Conception 
Bouthe This includes sor.c of our species, those from southern California, 
and the species from the southern fauna. 


#47 p 25 April,1945 


Genus Cylichna 

Columella simple, without plaits sscccscccccereecerel Cylichnium) 
e Length less than twice the diameter 

9.75 x 5 mn Panama Bay, 1270 fms. eeeeee pizarro Dall ,1908 
« Length more than twice the diameter 
ee Shell with microscopic incised spiral lines 

9.0 x 4.0 mm Panama, 322 fmSe eeeoeeseeeoe atahurlpr Dall, 1908 
ee Shell with microscopic lines of growth only 

8.0 x 3e5 mm Santa Monica to Cape San Lucas dieg nsis Dall,1919 
Columella with plaits ane 
» Columella with a single plait .....e..s-++eeses5 {( Bulinella) 
ee Shell smooth, without a spiral sculpture 

Dountful west coast eceocscorcoecee Alba Brown, 1827 

ee Shell with incised microscopic spiral lines 
eeeLength 1$ x the diameter 

206 x 1-5 mm Gulf of Calif. to Panama ....- defuncta beaker & Hanna 
eee Length 2 or more times the diameter 
eeee Shell more than 7.5 in length 
eceee Apical lip rising little above the apical pit 

965 x 367 mm Kodiak Ide to Los Gornnados «eo. attonsa Carpenter,1864 
eoeee Apical lip rising well above the apical pit 

8.9 x 4.0 mm Gulf of California ..........- fantisma Baker & Hanna 
evee Shell less than 7.5 mm in length 7 ap oan 
eeeee Apical lip not rising above the apical pit 

60% x 2e5 mm Panama, 1270 fmSe eesseeeeee inca Dall,1908 
eeoveApical lip rising well above the apical pit ——* 
eeceee Jncised spiral lines fine, close spaced 

Ge7 x Seed mm Panama eeoecesevcenccrseveesee,e-Stephonsae Strong & 


eeesee Incised spiral lines strong, w ell spaced Hertlein 
4.9 x 263 mm PanaMA secoessecececreseses Valeronis Strong & 
e Columella whth two plaits Hertlein 
ee Length 2 times the diameter 
300 x 166 mm Panama eoscseeccecereereeceestabogaensis Strong & 
e« Length 23 times the diameter Hertlein 


3.0 x 1e2 mm Panama @eeoeeteoeeevpeeveeeevreeee oe zeteki Bartsch, 1918 


ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 
Minutes #47, p 7 - continuation from bottom of page under Corolla vitrea 
(Heath and Spaulding),1901 which was described as Cymbuliopsise The original 
description follows; with note from Dr. & Myra Keen ( Pere Commé March,45. 

”" Cymbuliopsis vitrea, a new species of Pteropod™ by Harold Heath 
and MeHe Sapulding, Proce Acad. Nate Sc@e Philadelphia for 1901, publ. 
Oct.29,1901, ppe 509-511, 1 text-figure, was evidently overlooked by Dall 
and successorse I did not attempt to comb the literature back of 1907. 
Heath and Spaulding indicate in a footnote that Cymbuliopsis must fall as 
a Synonym of Corolla Dall, so that we should cite this as Corolla vitrea 
( Heath and Spaulding). Their description is mostly discussion. The 
following may be taken as the essence: 

" Tho shell or casque, slightly asymetrical, possesses the character- 
istic slipper form and bears on its external surface num@rous small rounded 
tubercles which becomo smaller and more elosely grouped together near the 
p sterior=dorsal surface. Its aperture is large, unarmed and much wider 
than in C. ovata,but is almost identieal with that of C, calceola, and 
as in the latter, is large cavity extends to the dorsal extremity. The 


#47 p 26 April,1945 
maximum length of tho casque is 4 cme, with a width of 2.5 cm. 

" The broad, perfectly symmetrical flattened proboscis constituting 
the head region is in contact with the upper surface of fin, yet free from 
it to a point immediately in front of the central nervous system..." 

Below is a tracing of the original text figure which was accompanicc 
by the following explanation: 

" Cymbuliopsis vitrea, ventral view, natural size. C.,casque or "shell 
f., foot or fin; k, kidney ‘dney within mantle cavity represented by stippled 
line}; ne , nucleus or viceral mass, showing termination of intestine 
and pigmented cap; p. pallial gland.” 


Seen 


Pe cee oe Ss 
C et An oe | he Se ~ 
fe ee ae bac ee ; 
{ ‘ LN : ' Jf \ 
pas Net a2 . \ \ 
ae ve / \ 5 . ey oF 
v 3 5 \ | 1 - “ 
> vf sf | ag ‘a 
. ett ul t ya 
i aN cee en =e ; et ete 
{ ise at Nos ee A 
\ ‘ \ aes ~ t x | - \.- te 


Minutes #35, pe6 ond Minutes #45, ps6~ The range as stated in our list 

is Graig, Alaska to Newport Bay. Mr. W.J. Eyerdam took the species 

Pecten hericius pugetensis 1.8, Oldroyd,1920 from Hinchinbrook Island, 
Alaska ( Norberg). | ; 

Minutes #35, p.6 and Minutes 45, p.6. The range as we stated it is from 
Forrester Island, Alaska south. It should read Izhut Bay, Alaska south. 
This is an extension of range some 700 miles N. westward. Eyerdam dredged 
the species Pe hindsii jordani Arnold at Izhut Bay, Afognak Ide, Alaska 
in 1922. 

Minutes # 35, ps 14a and Minutes #44, p.7. The range as published is 
from Forrester Island south. W.J. Hyerdam collected the species Lima_ 
subauriculata Montagu in 1922, at Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska, 

This is a northwardcxtension of range of some 700 miles, 

Minutes #45, pell- Astarte arctica Gray,1824. In Minutcs #39, pe6 we 
listed the collection of this species by Mr. W.J. Eyerdam from Hinchin=- 
-brook Island, but negected to alter the range in the final list. The 
range should read. to Hinchinbrook Island westward. This is an extension 
Ai range of about 600 miles. 

Minutes #40 p 7 and # 45 p 13- Lucina californica Conrad,1857. Range as 

published was Crescent City, Calif. southi W.J. Eyerdam reports the 
Specics from sandy beach at Alki Point, Seattle, Wash and <clso Harbor 

Island. This is an extension of range of about 500 miles northward. 

Minutes # 42 p 19 and #45 p 16. Petricola californiensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 

1932. Our published range is Monterey south. Mr. W.J. Eyerdam reports the 
species from Newport, Oregon which is an extension of range of some 700 

miles northward. 

Minutes # 43 p 14 and # 45 p 17. Macoma lacoma_quadrana Dall,1916, Range exten~ 
‘=aed northward about 500 miles to Hinchinbrook Tame aeons ( Eyerdam) (Nor-~ 

~ber Eye 


#47 p 27 April,1945 
MARINE SHELLS WITH EXTENDED RANGES OR NEW TO THE PANAMIC WEST COAST 
“———~ REGION, By Walter J. Eyerdam. 

In reviewing the recent book ® Panamic Marine Shells” by Maxwell 
Smith, which covers the marine shells of the Panamic regions, I find 
that there are over 450 species and subspecies in my private collectim 
that are represented. I find that many of these have extended ranges 
or are otherwise new to the list of " Panama Marine Shells*. 

Most of these shells that I have were collected during the few 
brief stops made by the steamer Capoc on the way to Callao in Sept.,1938 
and the return to the states on the Condor in June,1939 when she stopped 
at Corinto,Nicauragua. Only about two hours of collecting were spent 
near Corintc and the tide was only ordinary. The findings proved very 
interesting and it is ptesumed that the shell fauna in this area must 
be exce dingly rich in species. Even with the persistent collecting of 
the late Herbert N. Lowe in these waters there is still much to be dis~ 
“covered ‘by others of like dilligence. 

i. Diadora inaequalis inaequalis Sowerby. 

Previous rangeee Lower Calif. to Taboga Id. 

Extended ranges. Talara,Peru  ( about 1000 miles south.) 
2e Acmaca subrotundata Carpenter. 

Previous rangee.e Panama ( type locality). 

Extended rangee.e Gulf of Honduras ( about 800 miles Ni...) 

Se Acmaca stipulata Reeve. 
~ Previous rangese Panama ( type locality). 

Extended ranges. Gulf of Fonseca,Honduras ( about 800 riles NeW.) 
4. Hipponix panamensis C.B. Adams. 

Previous rangeee Panama ( type locality). 

Extended ranges. Mazatlan,Mexico ( about 2500 miles ) 

5. Turritella leucostoma Valenciennes. 

Gulf of Fonseca,Honduras- Not previously reported from the Pacifis. 
6. Cerithidea hegewischii pulchra C.B. Adams. 

Provious rango~ Panama Republic 

Extended range~ Corinto,Nicauragua and Gulf of Nicoya,Costa Rica. 

( about 800 miles N.W.) 
7» Eupleura nitida Broderipe 

Previous rangoe. Nicauragua to Bahia de Caraques, Eeuadore 

Extended rangesee Acajutla,Salvador ( about 200 miles westward) 
8» Architectonica nobilis Bolten. 

Corinto, Nicauragua. Not reported in ® Panamic Marine Shells”. 
9. Littorina mauritiana Lamarck. 

Panama colle by Wed. Eyerdam. Perhaps a synonym of another species. 
10. Tegula ( Chlorostoma) globula Carpenter. 

Acajutla, Salvador= collected by W.J.E. for first reeord for Central 
. Americas 
ll. Columbella cribrcria Lamarcke 

Corinto, Nicauragua. Not in " Panama Marine Shells". 

12. Cancellaria ovata Sowerbye 

Corinto,Nicaurnsua. Not in ® Panama Marine Shells”. 
13. Bifurcium harpnreformis Sowerby. 

Previous rangéee Montego and Panama Bays. 

Extended rangees Acajutila, Salvador ( about 700 miles N.W.) 
14. Cassis canaliculata Bruguiere. 

Gulf of Fonseca,Honduras. Not in ® Panama Marine Sholls” 
15. Leucozonia cingulata Lamarcke 

Previous rangeee Gulf of California to Panamae 

Extended rangeese Supe,Peru ( about 1000 miles southward). 


16. 


17° 


18. 


19. 


206 


21. 


eee 


256 


246 


256 


266 
27. 


286 


296 


30. 


Sle 


Sle 


#47 p 28 April,1945 


Oliva julietta Duclos. 
Previous ranges. Central America 
Extended rangcoes Corinto,Nicauragua and Mqzatlan,Mexicoe 
Olivella semistriata Gray. 
Corinto,Nicauragua. Not in ® Panama Marine Shells® 
Siphonaria lineolsata Soworbye 
Previous rangéee rayta,Peru. 
Extended rangéee Corinto,Nicauragua and Valparaiso,Chile ( about 
1700 miles north and 1800 miles south.) 
Ellobium stagnalis d'Orbigny. 
Previous rangeee kanama to Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
Extunded rangeéee Gulf of Fonseca,Honduras. ( about 800 miles NeW.) 
Melampus trilineatus C.B. Adams. 
Previous rangee.e Panama ( type locality). 
Extended range.eGulf of Fonseca,Honduras, 
Macoma (Psammacoma) cognata C.B. AdamSe 
Previous known ranges Panama ( type locality). 
Extended range.. Corinto,Nicauraguase ( about 800 miles N.W.) 
Macoma grandis Hanloye 
Previous ranges. Central America. 
Collected by WeJ. Eyerdam at Corinto, Nicaura gua. 
Mactra ( Harvella) elegans Sowerby 
Corinto,Nicauragua. Not previously reported from Central America, 
Mactra hemphillii Dall. 
Previous rangee. San Pedro to San Diego, Calif. 
Extended rangeee Corinto,Nicauragna. ( about 1600 miles southward). 
Mactra ( Micromactra) vanattae Pilsbry and Lowe. 
Previous rangee.e Gulf of Fonseca to Panama City. 
Extended ranges. Acajutla,Salvador. ( about 200 miles westward.) 
Mytilus charruanus d'Orbignye 
La Union,Salvador, First record for Central America, 
Donax navicula Hanley. 
Gulf of Fonseca,Guatemala, First record for Central Americas 
Psoudocyrena mexicana Broderip and Sowerby. 
Previous range= Panama. 
Extended rangeee Corinto,Nicauragua and Mazatlan,Mexico, ( about 
2500 miles NeW.) 
Corbula nnsuta Sowerbye 
Previous rangos«e Guaymas,Mexico to Ecuador. 
Extendod rangoee San Felipe, Lower Calif. collected by Karl Huffm an 
( about 200 miles northward). 
Solen mexicanus Dall, 
Previous rangee. Gulf of Tehuantepec to San Juan del Sur, 
Extended rangeee Digg's Pt., Gulf.Calif. by Earl Huffman. 900 mi. NoWe 
Chionecrenifera Sowerbye 
~ Previous rangéee Mazatlan,Mexico to Payta, Peru. 
Extended rangéese San Felipe, Gulf. of Calif. ( about 500 mi. N.W.) 
Corbicula radiata Hanley. ( brackish water) 
Collected by W.J. Eyerdam at Corinto,Nicauragua and Gulf of Fonseca, 
Honduras in Mangradve swamp8ee not previously reported from this 
regione 
Corbicula radiata Deshayes, and Corbicula radiata Parr, are synonyms 
of Corbicula fluminalis Deshayes and are native to Egypt, according 
to Tomple Prime in his eatalogue of the Corbiculidae, 


#47 p 29 = April, 1945 
Genus Bulla Linnaeus,1758. ( continued from bottom of page 21) 
Bulla casta ( Carponter),1864.6 Catalina Island to Gulf of California. 
a ‘Collecting datas: Catalinn Island ( A.M. Strong); San Pedro, fossil 
( Ge Willett). 
Type locality ( fide Oldroyd), Cape San Lucas, Lower Calif. 


Bulla nonscripta ( A. Adams), 1850. San Diego, Calif. 

Collecting dot-: " I have whet I thought might be this species 
from Catalina Island in 60 fms.,and fossil, but it differs from Tryon's 
figure and I do not i:mow what it dee” (7G. Wiliett). 

Bulla chimera ( Reker and Hanna),1927. This species is of the southem 
“fauna ranging from Lover California to Acapulco, Mexicoe It seems to be 
the only other described species from this const. 


Bulla esteroensis, new species. Plate II, figee4d. 

Shell ovate in outline; color mottled brownand white; sculpture . 
of spirally incised lines over the entire body whorl, ore prominent 
on the lower one third; spire sunken with a deep pit tho sides of 
which are striate with seven spiral grooves; aperture’! produced both 
posteriorly and anteriorly but more produced posteriorly; ~. rture 
extends behind the inner lip as it joins the body whorl; ouwr lip 
gradually curved becoming more acutely curved as it appron'tices the 
columella; inner lip descends upon thé inner edge of the sirven spire, 
lip twisted behind the vertex; columella twisted and fainrly grooved 
with » shallow chink behind it. Height 3 3/4 mms; dbdmovcr 2 1/5 mm. 

The type specimen from the Estero de Funta Banda below Ensenada, 
Mexico has been sent to the U.S. National Museums A paratype is in 
the Burch collection and it seems that a specimen from San Diego in 
the Stanford University collection, # 27554, ( Plate II, fige2l) is 
of this species, 

Bulla nonscripta ( A. Adams),1850 ( Plate II, fig. 23) has a 
straight outer lip whereas that of B. esteroensis is decidedly curvede 
It is also obvious that tho general form of By nonscripta is cylin=- 
~crical whereas that of B, esteroensis is ovatoe Bulla casta ( Carpen= 
~ior),18€4 41s much more elongate and is also much more swollen anter= 
~lorlye 

John Qe Burche 


Figure 


#47 p 30 3 April,1945. 


Explanation of Plate 


e Spiratella pacifica(Dall1) Forrester Island, Alaska(Willett) x4 
: ed Redondo Beach,Calif. 75f.( Burch) x 4 

5 Cavolina laevigata Orbe 

4e : eeienan ia (Rivers) Catalina Ia. ( Willett) x 4 


5e Clio cxeouts, 


De 


16, Coleophysis harpa (Dall). 


Catalina Talend 30 f. ( Willett) x 4 


“Gld. Catalina Id. 200 f ( Willett) x 4 

6. Styliola falcata Gld. Catalina Id. 30 f. ( Willett) x 4 

7. Actoon painei Dall. Cataline Id. 30-40 f. ( Strong) x 3 

8. Acteocina culcitella (Gld.). Redondo Beach 100 f. (Burch) x 3 
intcrnedia | Willett. Redondo Beach 75 f ( Burch) x 3 


* (oblique view). 


eximia ( Baird). Friday Harbor, Wash. ( Kinceid) x 3 
—— Ps 


magdalensis Dall. 


(oblique view) 
Newport Bay ( Strong). x 3 


inculta (Gide ). San Diego Bay ( Baker) showing gradation to 
planota (Carp.) from the same set. 
smirn6 Dall. San Martin Island ( Baker) x 3 


Friday Harbor, Wash. ( Kinenrid) x 3 


17. Volvulella cylindrica (Carp.). Redondo Beach 30 f ( Eurci)e x 3 
tenuissim® Willett. Redondo Beach 75 f ( it.re') icratypee 
californica Dall. Redondo Bench 100 f my ( rwe:.) x 3 

20. Bulla casta (Carz-) San Pedro Pleistocene ( Willett). x % 

21. Bulla esteroensis Burch. San Diego,Calif, (Baker:Stent::~1 Coll.27554 
22. Bulla chimera ( Baker & Hanna). Oaxaca,ilexico,50 f. (Wiliett). x 3 
23, Bulla nonscripta (A, Adams). Sowerby, Thess. Conch.,1844, vole2,pl.125 


24. Bulla esteroensis Burche 


Estero below Ensenada. Type spocimen. x 3 


25. Bulla cf. nonscripta (A. Adams). Catalina Island, 60 f. (Willett). 
266 Daphana califor californica Dall.Redondo Beach, 50 f ( puron) x 3 
27. Brocktonia polystrigma (Dall). Newport, Calif. 20 f. (Strong). x 3 


Vos 

34. “ 
Ketel 
S64, 
SHA es 


w 


28» Cylichna diegensis re La Jones pate 1Q0 f. Stanford Coll. x 3 


* (Oblique vicw). 


® Redondo Beach, 50 f Me ( Burch) x 3 
$1. Cylichna attonsa Carp. 


e623 SB 


Redondo Beeehe 25 £.°G. ( Burch). x3 


32. Nuculana penderi redondoensis Burch. Redondo Beach,25f. Type.(MQ 454) 
Sie, og 


inside, x 2.5 Type. 
2 other spece from Redondo Beach 25 fe. Ge x1.5 
2 spece fr Redondo Beach 75 f. Me x 125 
San Pedro, Calif. 20 f ( Willett) x 3 
Santa Cruz Island 50 f ( Burch) x 1.5 


38. Nuculana penderi Dall. Craig, Alaska (Willett)(Burch MQ452) x 3 
———— 7 


6 spece X 225 


40. Cardita ventricosa redondoensis Buren BON Beach, 1l00f.Type x 2.5 
— r) 


47. 


ventricosa Gld,. 
Se eee 


. (suren MS143) 
San Juan Teenie: Puget Sounds M8442 x 2.5 
showing spawn inside shell x1 
® inside of shell x 1 
Puget Sound ( Kincaid) ( Burch MS84516) x 2.5 


46. Macoma morroensis Burch. Morro Bay,Calif. Type. ( Burch) x 1.5 
ee 


48,49 Macoma yoldiformis Carp, Newport Bay ( Caruthers), x 1.5 
50,51 Macoma alaskana Dall. Forrester Island,Alaska ( wWiliett). x 15 


Note: All magnifications are only approximate, 


u 


Bei UT Senge 


\ 
#47 p 32 April, 1945 


Nuculana penderi redondoensis Burch,1944. Plate Il, figs. 32,33,34,35, 
36,37 
Shell solid,elongately trigonal, rounded anteriorly, with a sharp 
posterior beak, equivalve, color light brown. Anterior end shorter 
than the posterior, the dorsal margin 6lowly descending and then reg~ 
“ularly convex to the ventral margin. Posterior end longer, with a © 
sharp beak, the dorsal margin slightly descending onda u.cicedly con- 
~cave.s Sculpture consists of concentric sharp ridges, c.ose together 
near the umbones but further down the interspaces arc broader than 
the ridges.s Escutchoon very prominent, longitudinally stri to, and 
bounded by a sharp modian keel formed by the posterior corcnl margins 
of the valves. The lunule is an indistinctly outlinos ror- . cpace, 
striate. Hinge teeth V shapad, humbering 18 anterior anc 1. posterior. 
Length 8 mm.; maximum height 4% mm.; maximum diameter 3.8 ne 


In Minutes #33, pp 9-10, March,1944 the species Nucul: nn redondo- 
~ensis Burch, was figured and the differences between the species an 
the Atlantic Nuculana acuta Conrad wes élearly shown. The possibility 
that redondoensis might be not more ther subspecifically distinct from 
the northern Ne penderi Dall,1910 was discussed. Further studyand a 
comparison with a large series of N» penderj has convinced the authot 
that while redondoensis is easily separable, the relationship is so 
close that it should probably be described as a subspecies of N. penderi. 
A comparison of this species with Ne penderi from Craig, Alaska,collcc- 
~ted by Mr. George Willett ( see Plate II, figs. 38 and 39) brings out 
among other differences in shape that N» pe redondognsis is in fact 
more elongate. However, the most obvious difference is that specimens 
of N. pe redondocnsis tend to be consistently more restrate and more 
pointed with a greater curve in the posterior dorsal margine 

A type specimen, dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fathoms 
on gravel bottom, has been selected and placed in the U.S. National 
Museume Paratypes will be available for all western museums wishing 
them. 

John Q. Burche 
LRELS ELE LES SEE Ee Ete SS ESS 
Cardita redondoensis Purch,1944, Plate IL, figse 40 and 41, 

Shell suborbicular, slightly inequilaternal, with 22 to 24 well 
defined rounded nodulose radiating ribs. The concentric sculpture con= 
~sists of flat plates when viewed under a strong lens. The entire shell 
is covered with a light brown hairy epidermis. The umbonesa re slightly 
eroded. Length 143 mn; height 13.8 mm3 diameter 10 mm. 


In Minutes #39, pp 14,15,16 a species was discussed and figured 
which was kivén the subspecific name Cardita ventricosa redofdoensis 
Burch, 1944. Further study has convinced the author thal this species is 
sufficiently distinct to warrant a specifie name, A type specimen, from 
100 fathoms off Redondo Beach on mud bottom, has been selected and placed 
in the U.S. National Museum, Paratypes will be avadlsble to sxestern 
museums wishing them. 

The most obvious difference between this species and C. rentricosa 
( see Plate II, figs. 42-45) is that it 4s more ventricose. fF) .erer, in 
addition to the difference in dimensions, a study of the sculnoture will 
revenl that the radial ribs are much more pronotunced on redondoensis, 
ond there is a distinct difference in the character of the concentric 


# 47 p 33 April, 1945 
sculpture, that of C. ventricosa consisting of inconspicuous nodular 
{nceremental lines, whereas that of redondoensis seems to assume the fam 
of a series of flat ' plates’. John Q. Burch 
TTT TEST LCC CESS IS SS 
In Minutes #39, p» 13, Septomber,1944, the name Cardita bailyi 
Burch was proposed to replace the name Cardita nodulosa Dall,1919, the 
specific name nodulosa being preoccupied by both Lamarck and Reeve, 
WEEE EE HOF BEE 
A NEW MACOMA FROM CALIFORNIA : 
na eer BY Thomas A. Burch 
Many collectors from California have specimens of rn undescribed 
species of Macoma either in their sets of M. yoldiformis or labelled 
with question marks. Most of these specimeng have come from Morro Bay, 
Sean Luis Obispo County,Calif. We have also dredged thom from 10 fathoms 
off Monterey, Calif. 


P 


Macoma morroensis8 Spe. nove Plate II, figs. 46 and 47. 

Shell small,shiny white, elliptical, compressed,hei;!’ *'.ree foubths 
the length of the shell; umbones posterior to midline, nosrly equilat- 
~eral; anterior end elongated and bluntly curved; posterior end obtusely 
angulated and reflected slightly to the right at the posterior tip. Lig» 
-amental area nearly straight. Sculpture consists only of obseure incre- 
“mental lines of growth; teeth minute; pallial sinus deep and highe 
Length 21; posterior to hinge 2,6 ; height 12.5 mm 


This sholi is similar to Macoma yoldiformis Garp. ( Plate 1], figs. 
48,49) but 4s proportionately much higher, the height being &/4 the 
length in Me morroensis and only 3 the length in M. yoldiformis, The 
posterior end of M. morroensis is less attenyated and lacks the "scooped 


out® ligamental area of M, yoldiformis 
Macoma alaskana ( Plate II, figs. 50,51) differs from this species 


in that the umbones are much further postertor and the ligamental area 
slopes abruptly down, resembling Tellina buttoni somewhat in shape. 

The type specimen from Morro Bay, California has been sent to the , 
U.S. National Museum. Paratypes are in the collections of M, Caruthers , 
George Willett, and the Burch collection. 

The specimens from Morro Bay are all practically identical, but 
those from Monterey in the Burch collection vary considerably in height 
but all are proportionately higher than M. yoldiformia. 

PSC LeSOL ELL eS SS eee es 2 


#47 p 34 April,1945 
MINUTES OF THE APRIL MEETING OF THE SONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIF. 
nnd place Sunday, April 1,1945. 

There were thirteen enters present and one visitor, Ruth Hauser,6851 
Simpson, North Hollywood, a friend of Miss Verna Mann of Burbank, who, due 
to traffic difficulties has not heenable to attend the meetings for a long 
time e 

No reports from standing committees wwre available so the assigned 
lesson was taken up for discussion- the gist of the conclusions will appear 
elsewhere in the minutes. 

Werd was received that Mreand Mrs. Harry Turverof Santa Cruz had been 
trabsferred from thatcity to the geological department of khe Standard Oil 
Coe at Los Angeles, and we hore they will join us at our future meetings. 

The meeting was duly adjourned. 


Effie M. Clark, Secretarye 
Ste C Te CeCeCeCeeceeeeeee ees 
D.L. Longly, Mo, MM l/c, 100th Naval Construction Battalion, Coe C-l, c/o 
Fleet Post Office, San Francisco, Calif. This soldier or should I say srilor's 
name has been given us by irs. Betts of Post Ranch, Terra Bella, Calif, with 
the comment ® I hope some one will be able to contact Don, and know he will oe 
very appreciative.” Longly is stationed in the South Pacific and is very 
much interested in shell collecting and eager to get in touch with others in 
the service with like interests. 
Lieutenant John E. Davis, A.C. 0924078, Sq.A, 451 AAF BU, SAAD, Salinas, Cali: 
The above is the new address of Lieutenant Davis. 
Wme Ge Fargo, 506 Union St., Jackson, Michigan. Mr. Fargo has returned to 
his Michigan home end sent in the following interesting collecting note "Per-~ 
-haps my best acquisition this season here is a nice specimen of Psammosolen 
sanctaemarthae Orbigny; 32 x 18 mm. Gulf of Mexico, 15 fms., cff Enss-a~Grille, 
Florida ( from a “ Grouper® stomach). It may be a record for the east Gulf of 
Mexico. id 
William K. Emerson, 2435 Bancroft St., San Diego 2, Calif. " I think the dis- 
‘tributional list of Pelecy;oda is excellent, and have already rut it to use. 
es It would indeed be a great help to collectors making exchanges if every 
sheil in future lists would be given a specifie number. In this way, all coll- 
-<ctors who have lists would merely state the numbers of the shells on the 
list he hes for exchange. As far as West Coast material is concerned, this 
vould save much time and trouble. Nearly anyone you would want to exchange with 
> -clnably would have the lists. What do you think of the idea?” 
The editor thinks it a good one and will adopt the izea for the final list. 
lucrson continues after giving us his collecting records © Do you know of 
‘ .v one on any of the Pacific Islands who is collecting and might desire to 
« +l conge now or build up credit for post war exchanges ? If such a person has 
_.v.ty of time and excess energy ( as many of the fellows on some of the lonely 
‘4 ‘8) and would be willing to send material, but do not desire to exchange, 
Lwsll gladly pay the postage for such material," 
Aliyn Ge Bmith, 722 Santa Barbara Road, Berkeley, Calif. Allyn calls attention 
to The Taboratory preccedure in preerine the Amnicolidae described by Elmer 
CG. berry " The Annicolidae of Michigan: Distribution,Ecology, and Taxonomy”, 
Mus, of Zool., Unive of Mich, Misce Pube Noed7,1943. Allyn says in his letter 
" The use of menthol crystals for the anethetization of small fresh water 
mollusks is of interest. I have used it on small slugs with some success, but 
would like to see it triec on marine mollusks. If it works on them, we really 
have a simple and useful method of anethetization. Has Tom or anyone else a 
method that is even partially successful with marine gastropods?" 


#47 p 35 April,1945 


Miss Verna Mann,35030 W. Thornten Ave.,Burbank, Calif. This is the new address 
ef Miss Mann, * I want to compliment you on your enlarged Mine of Con, Club 
Your drawings and Qntiring efforts are to be commended.” 

Fred Barnett,86 62nd Pl.,Long Beach 3, Calif, As we know Fred is eerving in 
the Coast Guard and we hear that he has been transferred to Boston, Mass. 

Mr» EePe Baker,417 5S. Downey Aves, Downey, Calif, We regret that Ned has huu 
to return to the hospital for anothee operation on that injured hand. 

Carl W. Erickson, 4 Windser Ave., Auburn, Mass, © «. We orgunized a conchol= 
~ogy club yesterday with a dozencharter members, all of whcm have been in 
the shell class, Several other collectors have signified their intention of 
joining once we get started. We have no name as yet for the club but are 
toying with the idea of naming it in recognation of some noted researcher 
andauthority in the field of conchology, living or dead. That is to be 

taken up at the next meeting. One of the club members, whose occupation is 
assistant librarian at the Worcester Free Public Library, has prepared an 
exhaustive bibliography on conchology and w e may incorporate that in the 
minutes of the meeting, mimeographing it in somewhat the same style you use." 
Frofessor Willis G. Hewett, @rof. of Biology, Texas Christian University, 
Fort Worth, Texas. Wesre flattered at the requesta nd pleased to comply with 
a file of our available back issues. 

University of Michigan, Beneral Library, Ann Arbor, Mich, We are pleased to 
add this name to our permanent mailing list. 

John Strohbeen, 315 King St.,° Santa Cruz, Calif. We have had the pleasure of 
collecting and dredging with John Strohbeen in Monterey Bay. He is an enth- 
-usiastdc collector and should have been at all times on our list ond a mem= 
-ber of our groupe 

Allyn Ge Smith, 722 Santa Barbara Road, Berkeley 7, Calif. ® I think you 
TS! MN eages. consider starting a regular Sen publication, particularly 
ot this time. I know that there has been, or there must be considerable 
pressure brought to bear on you to do this. I admit, the proposition is an 
attractive one. It would be a fine thing in some ways. But you surely would 
have a bull by the tail if you attempted it now. Having had some experience 
as an editor of a magazine under wartime conditions, I know what you would 
be up against, with printing and the paper situation what it is, There would 
be nothing but endlcss grief. So my advice to you is to keep the Club Minutes 
as they now are= informal 1nd mimcographed. They are just as interesting and 
valuable as they are. If the club finds the financial end a burden, I would 
suggest covering the cost by assessing regular dues on the associate and 
corresponding members= no ray, no minutes. I am sure we would all be willing 
to do this. You woula tliin be sure of a potas or ey, definite income, 
on which you could do some figuring. It's just a thought.” 

Mrs.» Margaret Teare,68) Lafayette Ave.,Buffalo 9, New cons " I wish to 
correct ‘in crror in the spelling of my name=- it is ® Teare™ and not © Veare", 
I appreciate very much, your sending to me, the minutes etc. of the Concholog= 
-ical Club of Southern California. Being a beginner, they look and read very 
technical, but the little I do understand is very enjoyable and I know sta 
in time 1 shall greatly value the information contained in these paperse" 

Mr. Ae Sorensen, 247 Granite St., Pacific Grove, Calif. we trust that Andy 
has managed to get away on his Mexican excursion. He was having a bit of 
trouble by his recent letter ® .. I went to S.F. to get my tovrist permit 
for Mexico, but ddd not fare so well in getting reservation on the Pan Amer= 
-ican or American airlines to Mexico City, Mazatland and Hermosillo. April 
-5th was their best offer, but I hope to get a phone call bettering that, If 
nuthing carlier comes J shall take train or bus to Guaymas pretty soone April 
is fine, May is warmer, and June is hot with rains beginnings” 


#47 p 36 April,1945 
The following new publications are reported by Mr. Allyn G. Siuithe 


® New State Records of Mollusea from Kansas" by Dorothea S» Fra, zen, Univ- 
-ersity of Kansas, Trans» Kansas Acai. Scie, 47(2):261-273, plel 1944. 
Reports on a collecting trip through the two eastern tiers of Kansas counties 
in which a number of land mollusks, some of them from the Ozarkian fauna, 
were foun@e 


* Observations of Egg-Laying Habits, Eggs, and Young of Land Mollusks on 

the Edmund Niles Huyk Preserve, Reneselaerville, New York® by Wme Marcus 

Ingram ( Mills College), Am. Mid. Nat. , 32(1): 91-98, 6 text figs, July,1944. 
Perr Streeter eres 22 

A brief note from the editot: @ur boys are sending back a lot of shells 

from the Pacific and unfortunately many of them are identified incorrectly 

by the boys. It is difficult to explain to them that it is impossible to 

take Hirase's Japanese Shells, or some other work on a particular fauna, and 

name all the shells from Fiji or New Guinea with it. If some member with 

access to a large library would write an artiele on the various books dealing 

with specialized faunas we would be glad to run it and I think it would be 

of some value. For example the continent of Australia alone gives us at least 

five more or less distinct faunas. Your correspondents from Queensland, 

New South Wales, South Australia, West Australia etee will send exchange lists 

with but few duplications and each one will have its wwn literature. There is 

no complete work on the entire fauna of Aywstralia. Some sections have a hum- 

~ber of very adequate works ontheir molluscan fauna. New Zealand has been 

well covered by Hutton, Sutter, Powell etce Other sections may have books 

on their molluscan fauna of which I have not hear@. My own small library turns 

up for example a rather good work * The Common Mollusks of Sputh India" by 

James Hornell,1922 ( Madras Fisheries Bulletin, vole XIV). This is probably 

still available although I do not know. I note a book * Shells of Peitaiho* 

by Grabau and King,1928 ( Peking Laboratory of Natwral History). I have a 

number of other similar things that would be fine for the boy collecting at 

that particular spot. 

And while talking about books your editor is rather proud of the latest 
addition to the library. For years it has been a matter of considerable 
difficulty to find such works as Sowerby's These Conch., Kieners Coquilles 
Vivantes, Martini and Chemnitz, Hinds etc. etc. Many of our Pacific coast 
species are figured in these older works and even if they were evailahble for 
purchase which theyare not the cost would be prohibitive. So we simply went 
through these large sets and carefully made photographs of erery plate on 
which a Pacific coast species is figured. That this was no small job is 
indicated by the fact that our binders now contain something over 200) photo 
-grayvhs of plates. And, by the way, we have discovered a good many interesting 
vroblems in the processe In the course of time you will no doubt get quite a 
few of these reproduced in our minutes. 

$e OIRO IG oR a ak i pote ak ak 
lin jor HeSe Mort, 15 Milner St., Mossman, NSW, Australia. " In the last number 
uf She Conchological Club of Southern California, you mention (#42, p 21) 
letter from Pvt. Conlin), that many curio @ealers and others dealing in shells 
in a small way often have ridiculous localities on their specimens. I suggest 
t'.t evon the larger dealers are nor blameless in this respect. In Wehb's 
t>.k there are many errors in localitys to mention only two of them, ho aascr~ 
~ibcs Heliotis midac and H. rugosoplioata both to Australia whereas midee 
4c a typical S. african shell and the other hails from New Zealand, but neither 
4s found in Australia. Of course, his book is full of mistakes of all kinds 


#47 @ 37 April, 1945 
~ he places the Andaman I8, in Oeeanfa and Senogambia in the Indian Ocean, 
lists Dre J.C, Cow as an American and has hundreds of names misspelt, as 
well as many of the 4llustrations wrongly identifie@s, Still in a popular 
book of that sort we must not expect too much scientifie accuracy, as it is 
a fine book and provides over 2000 species with descriptive matter at a won- 
-derfully low priee, but logality errors are always unfortunate, Talking about 
Dre Cox I saw, about 50 years ago in Sydney, the identical specimen of Conus 
gloriamaris which Webb figures on his cover. 

Unfortunately sholl collecting is not nearly as popular here as I should 
like to see it, but I am glad to say that we have a few reeruits eoming ons 
Collectors often seem surprised that we have no book on Australian shells, 
but the main difficulty is that we have five distinct marine fa@nas in Aus-= 
tralia , as well as Tasmanian and Barrier Reef, with New Zealand and the 
South Pacifig on our doorstep. Tasmania was done some years ago by Tate end 
May and South Australia is being done very efficiently at present by Cotton 
and Godfrey, but New South Wales, Queensland, and Western Australia have 
merely been listed, and the lists are very much out of date. NeS.W. is the 
latest ( 1917) and owing to subsequent work by Hedley and Iredale, nearly 
half the names need revision. The only work covering all Australia is Iredale 
and Hull's work on the Loricates, published about ten years ago, which is 
excellent. We are also handicapped by Jack of funda; Sydney and Adelaide 
are the only two museumeg which have a conchologist onthe staff, the rest 
having to @epend on amateur help or casual help from some other member of 
the staff. The Australian Museum in Sydney is the only one with a really 
first class conchological library, so with all these drawbacks young collec= 
“tors are apt to get discouraged. Our Northaend North-west coast, which is 
mainly tropical and has a tide range up to 30 feet in many places, is a 
wonderful collecting ground, but has ween merely scratched on the surface, 
as the white population is only a few thousan@s-- only one or two per mile 
of coast- settled mostly in about half a dozen twons, so there is no end of 
work to be done there. I am not writing any of this for publieation, but 
etarted off to let you know how much I enjoy reading your ® minytes”, and 
got a bit wound ym, largely owing to jealousy that we have so much to do ang 
no enorgetis members like you have to do ite I very much fear that my active 
collecting days are done: I have been in hospital now for over two years, 
rnd even if and when I get home again, am not likely to be able to browse on 
the beaches in the future," 

JR OR ORO ROR Kk OR OR OK Fk KK 

While there is seldom anything of particular interest to a conchologist 
the monthly publication of the Zoologieal Society of San Diego, Balboa Park, 
San Diego called ZOONOOZ , subsc. price $1.00 per year is an interesting 
little paper and well worth the money to anyone interested in nature, 

PRE EL LES ES eS See EES 
William Beebe's " Book of Bays” ( Harcourt Brace and Coe)( New York, 1942) 
is certainly not a book on conchology but it is a very interesting record 
of the Cruise of the Zaca. The route taken by Beebe on this trip from South» 
eern California to Colombha and the descriptions of the places they wisited 
may be injurdous to your other affairs though because most of us will stop 
what we are doing and start figuring out our post war trip collecting shells 
along the route taken by the oat 


The April 1 Bulletin of the “Natural bis ory Museum of San DSiegw ia at hand 
with the usual invere seine noteSe A soldier on one of the Pacific Islands 
reports ® This island's shores have been gleaned and cleaned of shells by 

B.I.e Joe®, In a letter from Europe comes an odd bit ® One day about the 
time of landing in southern France, the Germans blew up a munitions dum3 that 


#47 » 38 = April,1945 

had been concealed in a cave and exposed some fine deposits of fossils- a 

number of which had never been classified before.® So, in one case at leat 

the enemy mage an unwitting contribution to science, 

In its * Occasional Papers*® series, the Society issued on Mareh 20 
* An Annotated List of the Marine Algae and Marine Grasses of San Diego Coun. 
-ty, California’, by E-e Yale Dawson of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 
This not only names the hundreds of kinds of sea weeds that oecur on our 
coast, but contains directions for collecting and preserving, keys, a 
glossary of technical terms, bibliography and index, The price of the paper 
is 25¢6 

PEE EES ESE SCS TER TEE SEES 

Reve Paul D. Ford, 160 W. 20th St., Erie, Pas Dre Ford has some of the 

finest duplicate material you are likely to see. The shells are the results 

of several years collecting in the Bahamas. It is likely that he already 

has most of the common species from anywhere but if you have some really 

fine or rare material to exchange for the same type of material it is to 

your interests to write the Reve Forde It is not to be expected that you will 
be as fortunate as the editor of this paper who has received many species 

of the really rare kind such as the shell mentioned below ™ In the box that 

I sent, I include d one specimen of the rare little Typhis fordi Pilsbry. 

I believe that you are the only person on the Pacific Coast who has one of 

these. The reason I think that, is beeause you are the only one that I have 

ever sent it toe As far as is known there has never been but four other 

@ersons apart from the Ford family who has ever found this species, and in 

Sach @ase those four persons found only one speeimen each. Therefore they 

would have none to exehange. But we have exchanged with a few other Florida 

collectors. If you ever hear of any one else having the shell, we should 

be very much interested to learn of its AcHs Patterson, from Florida came 

over to the Bahamas, and worked on a government project there for two years, 

collecting shells at his spare times During those two years he only found 
one Single specimen. He is a keen collector. That gives you an idea of how 
searce the shell really ise 

Professor Ralph W, Dexter, Prof. of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, 

Ohio. " Regarding the problem of the status of your publieation, I would 

like to make the following suggestion. Would it not be a good idea to give 

your paper a name and make the " Minutes of the Gonshological Club of South- 

-ern California", the ® Minutes of the Long Beach Shell Club" and " Notes 

and News" as special departments of your pybelieation along with the articles 

which are included, but which are not peepgerly minuter in themselves. In this 
way, you can continue to publish the same sort of material except that the 
paper would consist of separate departments all under a publication title 
rather than referring to the whole paper ag © minutes”, 

We wish to thank Professor Dexter for his suggestion and it is no doubt 
gocd. There is but one objection to it and that is that we should have done 
+his when we started this paper. Now our paper is being card indexed in 
many large museums and libraries as the ™ Minutes of the Conch. Club of 
Southern Calif." and a change in name would cause considenable trouble. The 
way the editor knows this is that he has often been amazed to get an urgent 
letter from some large institution complaining that they received an illegi- 
“ble pape or even Paragragh in some article mentioning the page and para~ 
-gregh. It is, of course, gratifying to know that some persons really ¢do 
read it through. 

Dis LeK. Darbaker, 424 Franklin Avee, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, We wish 
to thank Dre Darbaker for his generous encouragement both financially and 
the " Keep up the good work.”*. 

Ralph Bormann Jr.» has been transferred by the Navy from Calif. Inst. Tech. 
to Princeton University. Congratulations on another step up the ladder. 


#47 p 39 Aprilj1945 

Members who try to read these pagers will eejoice over thé ahnounce- 
ement that we have sueceeded in purchasing a limited amount of decent 
yawere This news or whatever it is that we have been using is about as 
bad ag we have seen. However, we are fortunate to get anything to print 
on in these days, and for a time it looked as if we might have to quit 
for want of ee | 

WK EE OE KE KF 
Dr; AsWsBs Powell, Auekland Museum, Box 27, Newmarket, Auckland, New 
Zealand, 
" This is a belated acknowledgement of the generosity of your club 
for including this museum in your distribution of the Minutes, The style 
of these Minutes is exeellent,and I wish to congratulate all concerned. 
This is a happy halance- the presentation of solid scientifie facts with 
a pleasant personal touche Keep it upe 

I note in your December issue that you require addresses and partic- 
-ulars of members and friends. Hereare mine if required, 

AeW.By Powell, F.R.S.NeZ, Assistant Director, Auckland Museum. Inter= 
-ested in all Mollusea, Recent and Fossil, Especially interested in Turri- 
~dae, Pulmonate land snails and animal exology. Sixty publications. Will- 
-ing to exchange shellse Require smaller deep-water Californian species, 
Californian land sneils ( species and subspecies desoribed within recent 
years), Lower Californian and West Mexican Mollusca and any from Califor- 
-nian Tertiary. Offer in exchange New Zealand Mollusca from wide range of 
localities- small deep water species ( many of them paratypes)=- land mollu= 
-sca and Tertiary fossils. Subrecent land snails from Norfolk Island, 

I note that your club offers to fill in gaps in the * Minutes” in 
respect to institutions and libraries. I have collected all our parts with 
the following result; we have numbers 24-27 and Nos. 36 to the present. 

Does your club maintain a reference library ? Is so I would be pleased 
to donate a selection of my papers on Mollusca, 

May be of interest to members who have duplicate copies of the Naut- 
-ilus. I have the following gaps in my series: Volumes I~ 53 6-1,2,33 7-16 
17-5 & 12; 18- 1-8; 19= 10,111,123 20— 1-7 & 10-12; 21-1-4; 22- 1-6 & 8; 
25—6; 34039; 40-1 & 23 41-43; 44-1,2,3,5345-53; 54-1 & 2. 

In return I offer copies of my publications on New Zealand Shellfish, 
including: 

1937 Discovery Reports- New Species of Marine Mollusca from New Zealand, 
70 pp, 12 plates, 
1937 Shellfish of New Zealand. 100 pp. 18 plates ( 2 in colour). Complete 
check-list, 
1942. The New Zealand Recent and Fossil Mollusca of the Family Turrtdae. 
192 pp, 14 plates. Monograph of N.Z. Turrids plus review of Turrid genera 
of the world. 

Bea KR aK KK > RK OR KOR 
Mrs. Gray Hackney,1333 Cornwall Place, Norfolk 8, Virginia, “ Just now 
received my copy of the March * Minutes®, Maybe it just happened to hit me 
right, but I thought it was one of the best that you have issued-- and 
thev're all good. The photographic plates are fine; I'm enclosing one of 
ry too=infrequent checks, in the hope that you may be able to continue 
theme 

Will you thank Tom, for the very helpful suggestions on mounting 
rudulae ? They really helped me immensely. Dr. MacFarland's letter inter-= 
~csted me, too, for lately, I've been using glycerine exclusively. It is 
definitely much more satisfactory than the other mount&ng mediums, 

Also, will you as " Tom® is he would be interested in having me send 
him some extracted radulae, ready to mount, of our East Coast shells? Hither 


fztlo op Apa thiyturd 

marine or land, or both, whichever appeals to him. I:had thought of send- 
-ing them in cedarwood ofl, unmounted, becauso I know that he must be a 
far better technician than I, and he could do it to suit himself. If he 
wants them, it will be a little time until I could send very many=- but I'll 
be back at the beach in a very short time,and would be glad to send as 
many species as I could collect.® 

Note* There is no doubt but that Tom would like to have the radulae. 
He has a large collection of mounts from both coasts now. However, he is 
just completing his training as M.D. and is expecting to be assigned to a 
government hospital within the next month or two. He is in the army and 
obviously his time for shell affairs is limited to the occasional hour. 
Dr. Je Harlan Johnson, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Coloradoes * We are 
enjoying the Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, 
and opr Gcsave receiving it. I am only too glad to send you herewuth a 
follar's worth of hades to help cover postage charges. You are doing a 
very nice piece of work.” 
Jack Schmidt,496 Ne K St., Lake Wirth, Florida. " I have just received 
the “ Minu S38 for March, and your letter to the members. ee. But first 
I'd like to compliment you on the plate in this issue. It is en ther step 
forwardfor your paperse” Our friend Schmidt thinks we should at least 
make a suggested yearly price for our papers. 

PT ES SCELES SESE REEL EE ES SEES te SS 

Those interested in oceanography will wish to order a copy of the 
latest publication °% Coastal Ourreats Along the Atlantic Coast of the 
United States", Coast and Geodetin Survey Special Publication Noe 230. 
73 pages, 35 illustrations, 28 lithographed charts depicting the cutrent 
movements. 

The price if 75¢g= order from The Superintendent of Documents, Govern= 
-ment Printing Office, Washington 25, D,U. 

ROI HO IOI OR IE $i tOk 


Occasional Papers on Mollusks, published by the Department of Mollusks, 
Nuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Masse Noel, 
Febe 27,1945. 

this issue is devoted to a paper by Lieutenant ReT. Abbott * A New 
Celebes Freshwater Snail (Hydrobiinae)®. It is a well illustrated paper 
on the genus Indopyrgus Thiele,1928 with a description of a new speciese 

ROR OR IR oR 

Dre W.J. Clench, Museum of fomparative Zoology, Harvard Vout seve We are 
greatly flattered to have the following note in Dr. Clench's letter ™ We 
are more than anxious to comnlete our department files of your most excell- 
-ent series of the Conchological Club. We have frequent use for these pub 
~lications, 

Johnsonia 17 is well under way and if all goes well, we will mail 
it out in Maye 
Lte Albert Re Moad, 0-1546350, Hq. WASC APO 606 c/o PM Miami, Fla. “ Mr. 
Allyn Ge Smith wrote me some time ago to tell me what all has been happen 
-ing conchological and malacological since I left the states, In his letter 
he mentioned you and stated that you had copies of the Minates of the Con- 
-chological Club of Southern California. He also stated that a mailage fee 
would permit me to receive these and I just hope you know how much I would 
welcome some recent information in these fields, Here in Africa we are 
almost completely out of touch with the new things in our fields except for 
an occasional issue of Science which is anywheres from two to four months 
lates Please put me on your list and let me know what the fee is to cover 
all expenses involved. If you need any references I know Dre JsAe Comstock 
of the Los Angeles Museum very well." Of course, we are sending the 
Lieutenant our papers. We have quite a staok and first class postage is 
quite an item on some of our heavier issuese 


#47 p41 April, 1945 
MINUTES OF THE LONG BEACH SHELL CLUB Meeting of April 8,1945. 

Miss Julia Ellen Rogers, in the absence of the president, called the 
meeting to order. Eleven members and one visitor were presente 

Mrs. E.P. Chace was introduced as the speaker, taking as her topic 
° Habits of Land Snails as Studied by Mr.and Mrs. EP. Chace", which was 
illustrated by maps showing. ‘the Chaces collecting spots from San Francisco 
north to Aberdeen,Wash. and from there to Seattle. Specimens of beautiful 
shiny brown,dull green, wh{te, and some srtiped with red brown were shown. 
Mrs. Chace warned against’ the introduced species which do not hibernate 
during the winter and dg more harm than the Helix aspersa. She told how the 
vicinity of La Jolla wag overrun by a European snail that may heave come in 
with bulbs or plants, and how flame throwing and a bounty wors necessary 
to eliminate the destructive species. Land snails may be found in warm,moist 
arease Too much heat causcs them to attach tightly to the host and dry and 
crumble. In the redwood area many are found in rotten logs, or abcut the 
tall ferns that abound there. Others climb trees. One interesting specimen 
shown by Mrs. Chace had showed poor choice of a resting place, for the tree 
pitch held it there until it died. Some species abound in nettle patches 
where heavy gloves and irons are used in breaking down the plants. Young 
specimens climb the bush while older ones attach themselves near the roots » 
Still other specigs avoid cold weather by burrowing as much as a foot under« 
-ground, while a hardier kind remains above, even when snow falls. Accord= 
~ing to Mrs. Chace, there is still need for more study in many of the groups, 
especially Polygyra., Monadenia fidelis she says, is most varied in color, 
but eannot as yet offer a satisfactory reason for the variation, Her outlime 
tor five families shonld be of help to beginning collectors, so is added. 
1. Helicidae- a European family represented by species, H. aspersa, H. pisana 
he he lactea, and otherSe 
2. Helliccllidae= five species introduced locally in North Americas 
3. Helminthogtyptidace= widely distributed , Pacific slope north to Sitka, 
Florida Keys,Mexico,Central America, and the West Indies, Andes Mts. fron 
Ecuador to western Argentina. 
4. Camaenidae~ A. Sub-family Creohelicinae= mostly in Rocky Mts., but com 
-ing into Southern Caiifornia. B. Sub-family, Ammonitellinae- California, 
Montana, Idahoe 
5e Polygyridae= most widely distributed of the North American family of 
Helices, found in all states but Wyoming,Colorado,Utah, and Nevadae Also inn 
Alaska,Canada, and Mexico. This group is more numerous in species than eny 
one land mail family of our own areas 

After thanking Mrs. and Mre Chace for the talk and opportunity to see 
are oimoneo sere to the club, Miss Rogers adjourned the group to visit the 
exhibit of shells from the Foon collection, which this month is in the 
upper hall of me Lincoln Park Library. 

Respectfully submitted, 
Mary Borman, Beerouany, proetoms 
PETE ES ECL CCL LETS eS eee ees 

Allyn _G. Smith, 722 Santa Barbara Rd., Berkeley 7, Calif. * You will be 
interegted to know that our Monterey paper is finished ane has boen submitted 
for. publigation. when it will be printed I don't know yet, but I think it 
miy havea pretty good chanes of going through fairly soon,.”* 


Dr. W.A» Hilton has an interesting article in the Scientific Monthly for 
March entitled " The Story of a Marine Laboratory". He tells of the develop~ 
ement of Pomona College's Laguna Beach Marine Laboratory and describes the 
surrounding marine setting. 


#47 p 42 April, 1945 
Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, New Jersey. We are y; leased to 
ship this institution a Tite of all of our available baek issues and place 
them on our mailing list for future issues, 
Professor Louis Brand, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohiog ° Your 
check List of Pacific Pelecypoda is a very useful piece of work for which 
you deserve the eommendation and thanke of conchologists, I have just had 
opcasion to refer to it in connection with a species of Cardita which had 
me stumped; I thought it was ventricosa until I examined Tom's enlarged 
drawings. 

If you need any cash in order to eontinue with your photographic rep-= 
-roductions why dont you make a general levy on your subscribers ? I feel 
sure that everyone recognizes the value of your work and will be glad to 
chip ine 

Are you interested in a list of shells for the Minutes that my deaugh- 
ter collected at Arica,Chile? Although Dr. Hertlein has named several for 
me there are still a few thet are puzzling. No deep water species are inol~ 
euded -- all littoral material. The Chileans call the Fissurellas “ lapas®, 
the Concholepas ° locos" ( I have just discovered that this shell has an 
operculum, a sort of molluscan vermiform appendix /)3 and the black edible 
mussele are * almejas"; 

We will answer the last question heree To be sure we will be very 
happy to run a list of littoral shells collected at Arica,Chile, 

Ralph B. Bormann, A.S. 735-73-55 U.S.N.R. Pre Misshipmen's School, Princeton 
ecules canyscmaliite weir ioe e ean eeee 
PE ESE ESE RS ERE LES ET BSS EE FS 

In our Distributional List of the Pelecypoda we listed the species 
Nucula exigna Sowerby,1832. The name Nucula suprastriata Arnold,1903 
( ex Carpenter MS) was amited from out faunal [ist on the theory ( fide 
Grant and Gale,1931), that it is in the synonymy of N. exigua. However, the 
name subrestesa te was used by many of the early Cerne Keep in 
early aditions, Arnold etc. Consequently many sets of specimens were given 
this label and are in ldtal collections. Reeently some specimens from San 
Pedro s0 labelled by Dre Tremper were submitted to me for study. They are 
of course, identical with the shells we classify as Ne exigus Sowcrbye Dr » 
A. Myra Keen of Stanford University has given us a statement on this matter 
( Per. Comm. April,1945) ° Nucula ( Nucule) suprastriata Arnold,1$03 ( ex 
Carpenter MS), was desoribed from eager ee end as yet 
we have seen no valid Retent specimens. The principal difference between 
this and etigua is sizeé The average length of exigua is 4.6 mm., of supra~ 
-striata 5.8 mm. No specimens of exigua that we have seen are longer than 
5e2 mm., while suprastriata may aa a length of 7.0 mm.” 


Nucula bellotii A. Adams. In Minutes # 33, ps» 8 we discussed this species. 
Some southern Calif. speeimens have been so classified in errors The follav- 
eing statement by Dr. AsM. Keen is if value on this species.” Nucula(Ennucula) 
bellofii A. Adams,1866, is the first available name for N. inflata Hancock, 
846, preoccupied, and Ne expansa Reeve,1855, also preocoupilede The type loc- 
eality ig © Arctic send", where it seems to be widely distributed. A figure 
of expansa is given by Mrs. Oldroyd(vol.e1,1924,pl.13, figs.6-7). The holotype 
is figured by Schonck in 1939. The specics Ne quirieoa Dall sooms to bo a 
synonym; at least, all of the characters mentioned by Dall as diagnostic 
fall within the range of variation of N, bellotiie” 


| #47 Back Page April,1945 

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 
Minutes #43 and #45 p 17+ Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter,1864, Reported 
from Hinchinbrook Island, Alaska, dredged on muddy bottom ( Norberg) 
( Wed. Eyerdam). This is an extension of range northward. 
Minutes #45 p 19 Mya japonica Jay,1857~. Mr. WeJ. Eyerdam has called 
attention to the fact that we omited the geographic range in our list 
for this species. The range is according to Grant and Gale ® Arctio 
Ocean to Japan and Monterey, Calif.: probably also Atlantic", 
Minutes #45, p, 19. Panomya turgida Dall1,1916. We published the range 
as Unalaska to Schumagin Islands. Mr. W.J. Eyerdam reported the species 
from a sandy beach on Sitkalidak Island, Alaska,1931 which is an extension 
of range of about 200 miles northeast. 

Minutes #42 p 20 and # 45 p 16= Cooperella subdiaphana ( Carpenter) ,1864 
Mr. A.M. Strong told at a recent meeting of the club of having 
collected this species in Alamitos Bay. They were of a decided pink colot 
leading him to think at first sight that he had something different. The 

svlution was that they were spawning which gaye them this color. 

Minutes #44, pp 3-35. In this issye we discussed the family Mactridae . 
‘The following comments were received after our paper came out, it is 

from Allyn Ge Smith ® Spisula hemphilli ranges as far north as Monterg 

as there is a single yalve in the Gordon collection that is unquestion-= 
eably this species. It looks to Hertlein and me that M. nasuta is a rare 
. speéles that you might find occasionally in Southern California; also 

My dolabriformis , which definitely does not occur at Monterey and prob= 
' mwably is more likely a Lower Californian. species. I have two good spec~ 
~imens of planulate from Puget Sound, which are larger than somo I 
collected at San Pedro years agoe” The information in this note means 
extensions of our published ranges for two species as follows; 
Minutes #45 p 182 Spisula hemphilli ( Dall),1894. Our range is to be 
extended northward to Monterey, Calif, ( A.G. Smith), and 
Spisula planulata ( Conrad),1837. Our range is extended northwerd from 
Monterey to Puget Sound ( A.G. Smith). 

Minutes # 43 p 20=- Donax californica Conrad,1837, Additional records: 
Corinto, Nicauragua,1938 & 1939 on sandy beach ( Wed. Eyerdam); slough 
at Imperial Beach; San Diego Bay; Magdalena Bay ( San Diego Museum Nat « He 
Min. #43=p 20~ Donax gouldii Dall= Los Coronados Islands,Coronado Beach, 
Ocean Beach, La Jolla ( Miss V. Bristol). | 
Mine #43 p 2l~ Donax punctatostriatus Hanley- Supe, Peru,1938 & 1939,on 
sandy beach ( Wed. Eyerdam); Acapulco, Mazatlan,Manzanillo,Mexe, Kino 
Bay, Tres Marias Islands ( H.N. Lowe). 
Min. 443 p 2l= Donax conradi Deshayes,1854. Ensenada, Lower Calif.(Lowe). 
Wins#2 p 20 and #45 p 16- Cooperella subdaiaphana ( Carpenter)= San 
Felipe, L,C., Newport Bay, Alamitos Bay ( H.N. Lowe); Mission Bay(Orjala). 
Min. # 43 p 2l~ Gari californica ( Conrad),1848. Bainbridge Island, Kitsap 
CGo., Washe, 1944 ( W.J, Byerdam); San Diego Bay, San Pedro, San Onofre, 
Pucct Sound, Sitka,Alaska ( Miss V. Bristol); common in Mission Bay(Emerson 
Min #43 p 2l~ Gari regularis Carpenter,1864. One specimen from 25 fms . 
C-talina Island ( HN. Lowe )e ' ; 


Fane 


#48 p 1 May, 1945 


MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
<—eMayeet GABE, 


NOTE 

We wish to express our sincere appreciation for the generous 
contributions of many of our correspondents, and the following 
statement is not intended for them. However, we have reluctantly 
arrived at the conclusion that there should be some minimum asses~ 
“ment on those wishing to receive our papers. There is reason to 
believe that some of our large mailing list are but oasually int~ 
~erestede 

Therefore, it seems. reasonable to suggest that $2.50 should 
be the minimum amount expected annualy or $1.25 each six months. 

The next issue will be sent only to those from whom we hear. 

We expect soon to start our corerage of the freshwater fauna, 
and in. addition to this we have several special papers to publishes 
In the preparation of photographic platesand other material a much 
smaller mailing list will be welcome. 

It is not our intention to offer subscriptions and guarantee 
regular periodical publication. These papers are published by a group 
of interested students for our own pleasure, and we do not wish them 
to become a burden or an obligation, We all look forward to the days 
when we will again be able to arrange extensive collecting trips, 
dredging excursions etc., and we have no desire to be worried about 
getting out a paper if we happen to be enjoying a few winter months 
in Guaymas or Mazatlane 


John Q- Burch, Editor 

4206 Halldale Avec, 

Los Angeles 37, Calif. 
PE ETE SELES LESS EPS Se TET EES te ; 

We still have on hand a few copies of our Distributional List 
Part I, Pelecypoda for which we are asking $5.00 to our funds. 

SOR ORI I OR OIE do dog oe 

The next meeting will be held June 3, at the Los Angeles Museun, 

Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:30 PeM. 

40 Edom 
* Mollusea", Volume 1, Number 4, April 10,1945, published by Paul He 
Reed, Box 267, Tavares, iieriee. 

This issue is one of which Mr. Reed should be very proude Dre Weds 
Clen¢h described a new subspecies of Oliva- 0. reticularis pattersoni 
with the figures being used as the front plate. Anne Gray Hackney has a 
very fine and illustrated paper on ® The Radula of Mollusks" » other fine 
papersare by Paul D. Ford and Dr. T. Van Hyning. 

Mollusca is well worth the $2,560 yearly subscription and if One are 
not getting it you are missing somethings 


oe 
7 
_ 


— 
a 


#48 p 2 “May,1945 
Family VESICIDAE - _ a 

Genus Vesica Swainson,1840, Type ( by subsequent coadigna chon, Gray, 
1847); Bulla ampulla Linnaeus. 

- ! This is the family known from many authors as Bullidde,Bullertidse, and 
the genera Bulla,Bullaria. The explanation of the necessity for this change 
in nomenclature is taken are of in Minutes #47, pp 20,21., 
ame © Shell oval or ovate, eompactly involute, generally: solid and with a 
Bettie olccur-sotcerns spire sunken, umbilieated; operture as high as the 
shell, rising slightly above the vertex, its ugper portion narrow,expanded 
toward the bases lip simple, flecuous; columella short and’ coneave, with a 
erescentic white reflexed callus; parietal wall smooth, with a light callus" 


Vesica gouldiana ( Pilsbry),1893. Santa Barbara, Calif. to igction were ° 
Fype locality not stated in the original description but stated by Mré~. Old- 
eroyd to be Guaymas, Mexicoe This species was known to early duthors as 
Bulla nebulosa Gould,1850, 

Collecting data: This large speoies is our common species found in all 
Sloughs and bayss It has a characteristic mottled coloration and is micro= 
-scopically granulose, Our experience has been to find it seasonally very 
abundant, usually in the greatest numbers in MayysJime and July, in Mugu Bay, | 
Ventura Co., Anaheim Bay, Alamitos Bay), Newport Bay, Estero below Ensenada, 
etc. In Mugu Bay it is found in great numbers just beneath the surface of 
the mud and around the eel grass. The- bathymetric range of this species is 
os some interest. It is not’confined to the bays and we have dredged it in 
water a8 deepas 25 fms, off Catalina Island.»( Burch); common in Mission Bay 
( W.Ke Emerson)3 Glorietta Bay, Coronado ( Bristol); San Diego Bay near Nat# 
“Jonal City (: Brown); San Diego Bay ( Hemphill); Catalina Island, Calif. 
Alamitos Bay,Tepooa Bay off Tiburon Island, Gulf of Calif., Kino Bay,Sonora, 
Pta, Penasco,Guaymas,Pts.e Libertad,Sonora, Angeles Bay, Gulf of Calif. (HN « 
Lowe) $ Magdalena: Bay, Lower Calife ( Lowe and Harrison) ; 


Ne stone punctulata ( A. Agees 160, © Gulf of california to lobos Islands, 

csu™ ( Dall,l010). This. species is not of our Recent fauna but has been 
bara in error from California in a number of lists, Mre George Willett 
notes " Common in some of our late Pleistocene deposits, but not seen living 
north of Ensenada." Whilo this is a very distinét species with a much less 
obese body whorl, 4t could possibly be carelessly confused with the above 
species, A discussion of this species is given by Grant and Gale,1931, pedt56-6 
There is no description of this species in Oldroyd. The species is reported 
by HN. Lowe: from the following Mexican localities: La Paz, Mazatlan, Tres 
Marias meres Manzanillo, a oat San ee del Sur, Taboga Ieland,Montijo 
Baye oa oe 


Weeden quoyana ( iy 1919, ( new namo: for *® Bulla quoyii Gray" of fi, ee 
Catalina Island, Calife to Aeapulco, Mexido’'( Dall)e Dre Ac Myra'Keen ( Por. 
Comme March,1945) states " Figures eited in USNM Bulle 112 are of’ punctulata 
The correct citation should be, Thes Conche, vole 2, ple 123, fige71, 1850; 
Manual Conche, vole 15, pls34, figed. Type locality, Galapagos, fide Adams. 
Either es is incorrect or Dali! 8 eee neues to Acapulco, Mexico is incom 
plete." 
\ Mre AM. Strong ( Per. Comm. March, 1945) clearly states the problems 

involved in the study of this species as follows: 
Bulla quoyii Ae Adams in Sowerby, These Conche vole2 ,1850,p-123,pl. Tipit 
enc 
Bulla guoyii Gray in Sten Mazatlan Cate, pe 178 and Smithe Misce 
Colle, pe 1d2e 

Bulla quoyii Gray in Reeve and Tryone 


/ 


#48 p 3 May,194F 
Not Bulla quoyii Gray MS in Diaffenbeck,1842 


Diaffenbeck stated that Gray's MS shell came from New Zealand. Carpenter 
states ( Smith. Misce Coll. pe5) that many of his localities were in error 
and that Bulla quoyii probably came .from ne west coast. If so it is a 
valid name for the west coast. 

Carpenter gave the same referenee to page and figure in ‘Thes, Conch. 
as Dall for Bulla quoyii but gives the authority as Gray, not Ae Adams as 
does Reeveand Tryon. Which is correct 7 

In any case Dall apparently considered that the Gulf and California 
shell that Carpenter identifies as Bulla quoyii_ is not the same as that 
given by Diaffenbeck and gives it a new name, Bulla quoyanae 

, I know of no reéords of it having been found except those of Dall 
"and Carpenter tho it has been reported fossil by Jordan from Magdalena 
Bay. The descriptions and figures in Reeveand Tryon as ‘of the Galapagos 
shell as stated and may not be the same as the Gulf shell identified ee 
Carpentere 

This is badly mixed up. However, I think the answer would be that if 
Bulla quoyii has been recognized by later collectors from New Zealand,it 
will have to be restricted to that fauna, If it is not rerorted from ere 
it will have to be Used for the Galapagan shell. If this is tio same as 
the Gulf shell Dall's new name, quoyana, was:not needed. If the Gulf shell 
is distinct from the Galapagan shell Bulla quoyana Dall can te used and 
range given as Gulf of California to Catalina Island.” 


The original description of Adams in Latin is given in Mrs. Oldroyd's 
work, VoleII, Part I, p41 and also Sowerby's description. The following 
additional roterenaes from Sowerby may be of interest*to those following 
up. a study of these confusing species."Bulla quoyii ( pl.’cxxiii.e f. 71), 
Gray, ue? Brit. Mus. | Sowerby, GB. Jre These Conch. 1855, pe 576-577, 
spe 48." " Galapagos Islands; coral sand, 6-8 fatgoms,. CumingsMus Cuming" 

Mr. George Willett calls attention to the following ® According: to 
Tryon, Bulla quoyii A. Adams is a synonym of B. punctulata A. Adams," 

There is a general feeling of uncertainty about what this species 
really ise Miss Viola Bristol of the San Diego Museum reports that she 
has taken it at La Playa, Pt. Loma, Calif. and also that it was taken in 
San Diego Bay by Hemphill. It will be. interesting to study these specimens. 


Family AKERIDAE ‘i 

Genus Haminooa Turton and Kingston in Carrington,1830, Type ( by mono- : 
-typy) Bulla hydatis Linne. 

® Shell thin ard rather fragile, unicolored, corneous, yellowish or 
greenish, covered with a thin cuticle, globose, ovate, or eylindric-oval, 
the spire sunken and concealed, vertex concaye, imperforate or minutely 
perforate; body-whorl large; aperture as long as the shell, broadly rounded 
below, narrow above; columella simply | concave,thin, its ane narrowly ref~ 
~lexed, showing a slight fold where it joins, the body of the shell; lip 
retreating above. put not distinctly sinused, " 


Mre Aclile Serone r Pere Comme March,1945) gives a clear statement of 
some of the problems involved in a cee of this genus. 

* Carpenter reported a Haminoea hydratis Linnaeus from Vancouver in 
Smith. Mise. Colle,pp 89,132 ard sta stated Exactly accordes with the Euro- 
~pean specimens", This is almost certainly the shell described as Haminaea 
olgae Dall,1919. This is a northern shell only differing from Haminoea 


Vesicula ould by small differences in the shape of the aperture. The south=- 


#48 p 4 May, 1945 
~thern records are probably not correct, The Gulf of California shell is 
Haminoea angelensis Baker and’ Hanna which ban ohly be separated. from 
Haminoea Ste Gould by a careful examination of specimens" | 
arpenter describes Haminoea cymbiformis in Mazatlan Cate, pe 174, 

from * Only one rather imperfect specimen™. 1t measured approgimately 1.75 
by 1.25 mm. ond could have been the very young of several different things « 
The name should probnbly be placed in the indeterminate list. ° 

Haminoea virescens Sowerby may be valid for ‘our small shell, depen~ 
~ding on whether or not a shell answering.this description can be found at 
_Piteairn Islands Our shell has been named Haminoea dalli Bartdche( TeSe 
Oldroyd, Proc. UsBoNeMey vole65,Arte22, pe9,190D)6 Agein I cuestion the 
. Mexico record. The Gulf of California shell is Haminoen strongi Baker and 
Hanna, which was long confused with Haminoea virescens Sowirbye Bartsch 
also described a var. excolpa which is 4 bay form, nearly white with a thin 
epidermis,” — , 


Haminoea virescens(Sowerby), 1833. Puget Sound to Puorto Libvrtid,Mexico e 
Type locality, Pitcairn Island, southwestern Pacific (7). 

'. fhe name H. cymbiformis Carpenter is proposed by~Grant arc (inle,1931 
to replace in our fauna the name H. virescens Sowerby « The nim virescens 
is attacked because the type locality is Pitcairn Island which sounds 
‘fantastic, but if our shell is the same as the Pitcairn Island shell then 

obviously the correct name is virescens. Dr. Ae Myra Keen asvises "He. vire 
‘ sescens is probably the correct name. See Tomlin, Nautilus vol.47, noel, 
pe ove Pitoairn Island may well be an erroneous location. Mre George Willet 
notes * IJ would use virescens, at least for now." Dr. Pilsbry wrotean 
article in the Nautilus 1934, vole 46, pp 140-141 in which this problem is 
fully discussed. Dr. Pilsbry favors the usé of virescens. 

In the synonymy of this species is ‘usually placed Haminoea virescens 
rdsncea Spicer described in Nautilus vole 47, pp 52,53,54. Pink specimens 
‘iro not uncommone The variety rosacea was described from San Diego. 

Collecting data: For such a fragile shell this species is common in 
the wocky rubblee We have taken ‘it all along the coast of southern Calif= 
~ornia in the tide poold and among the rocks in the most exposed locations « 
However, we have ‘nlso taken it in protected lagoons such as Mugu, Newport 
Bay étcs» While we did pick up a few in our dredges off Santa Moniea that 
enme from very shallow water, not to egceed 5 to 10 fms. We have never seen 
the ‘genus from deeper water. ( Burch) 3; Mission Bay, common ( W.K. Emerson) 3 
Ban Diego Bay ( Bristol); Ocean Beach ( Baker); La Jolla ( bristol). 


Haminoea vesicula ( Gould),1855. Southeastern Alaska to the Gulf of Calif 
=ornia, Mexicos Type locality, San Diego, Calif. Ketchikan, Alaska (Willett) 
is the most northern record we have. Figured in Mane Conche volel5,ple4,f.28 
This species is easily distinguished from virescens by the aperture and 
the fact that it 48 not constricted at the apexe 
‘Collecting dataf In our experience this is a bay form, much more frag‘ic 
than the above species. We have taken it in great numbers in the lagoon at 
Mugu,Playa del Rey, Anaheim Bay,Alamitos Bay etc. ( Burch); Elkhorn Slough 
seasonably abundant ( A, Smith); Mission Bay, uncommon ( W.K. Emerson); Big 
Spookum Inlet, Puget Bound, Mason Coe, Washes ( Wed. Eyerdam); Imperial Beach 
( Banks); Magdalena Bay ( Orcutt); San Diego Bay ( Bristol) sSnnta Barbara 
a (Orcutt); Orcus Island, ps; ( Dre Baker) 
fo AN | 
; 


{ . ‘ 
| VI 
Wek ® 


ea) Tracing of original figure of Haminae vesicula 


j 


x 


#48 p 5 May,1945 

Haminoea olgae Dall,1919, Drier Bay, Knight Island,Alaska ( Eyerdam) to 
San Quentin Bay, Lower California ( Dall). Type locality, Peavine Pass, 
Olga,Orcas Island, Washingtone 

figure of this species in Oldroyd is rather unsatisfactory and 
the validity of the species has been a source of a great deal of discusi~ 
-jione Dr. Dall in his description stated that it is a close relative of 
H. vesicula Gould, It has certainly been rather generally confused with 
vesioula if it is not in fact identical with it. Mr. Georgo Willett advises 
(“Pers Comm. April,1945) * I have a set from Olga,Wash. named olgae by 
Engberge I can not differentiate them from vesicula. I doubt the yey 
of olgae.” 

“Collecting data: Among roots of eel grass in mud- Dricr Bay, Knight 
Island, Alaska collected by W.J. Eyerdama nd identified ty Tr. W.H. Dall. 
Dall named this shell after specimens collected by Dr. Engberg at Olga,\fash.® 
Orcas Island ( Oldroyd); Elkhorn Slough,Monterey Co. ( Spiccr). 


_ . Family PHILINIDAE 
_ Genus Philine Ascanius,1772. ‘Type ( by monotypy), P, quidripartita 
Ascanius ) ~- Bulla aperts Linne). a 
Shell capable of containing but a.small part of the body,:ntirely 
internal,covered by the reflexed and united mantle; whitish,fregile, con-= 
-sisting of 1 or 2 whorls; spire sunken or absent; aperture extremely 
large, the outer lip often produced in a lobe or point abovee® Suters 


Philine sinuata Stimpson,1850, Port Clarence,Bering Strait ( Krause) ( Dall) 
Also Atlantic. Johnson gives the range Maine to Massachusetts 4-7 fms. 

Type locality, Broad Bay, Boston Harbore 

Philine polaris Aurivillius, 1885, Arctic Sea to Nanaimo, British Columbia. 
Type Lo Locality, 73 5 N, 144 20 E and 70 28 N., 164 10 E in 8&9 fms. 

Fhiline bakeri Dall, 1919, Off South Coronado Island near San Diego,Calif. 
Thiline californica Willett, 1944. Southern California Academy of Science 
Tulletin, vol. 43, part 2, pp 71-73. Type locality off Redondo Beach, Calif. 
in 50 fms. The peteined foecrineion follows; 

" Shell of two or more whorls, oval, inflated,slightly eontracted below 
tho apex; spire sunken, conecaled, only Ose extreme tip being visible. Aper-~ 
-ture very large, oval, contracted above; outer lip extended slightly above 
the apex and curved down to join the body whorl; inner lip thin, twisted, 
and flattened where it joins the body whorl in front of a minute umbilical 
groovee Sculpture of tino, close, rather regudarly-spaced axial striae, 
crossed by fine, irregularly-spaced spiral striae,forming a laticed sculp= 
-ture; on the upper part of the shell there are minute tubercles at the 
intersections of the striae, Jolor dull white, with a broad, light-brown 
band slightly above the middle. 

‘A rather poor photograph of the iaaine specimen shows that the animal 
is much too large to be contained in the shell, the head, disc, foot and 
mantle being outside, 

The unigue type, No. 1074 Los Angeles County Museum, ves collected 
by John Q. and Tom Burch off Redondo, California, in 50 fathoms. The type 
moasures: alt. 5.5, lat. 3.6 mm. ( lip not entire). 

The latti¢ed sculpture of this little shell would place it in the 


Section Laona 4A, Adams, not previously reported from the Pacific coast of 
AMETICAs 


“4 


#48 p 6 May,1945 
Family GASTROPTERIDAE ; 

Genus Gastropteron Kosse,1813. Type ( by monotypy): G. meckeli Blain~ 
~ville,1825 (“w= Sarcopterus ruber Rafinesque,1814). ( Fide Sherborn and 
others. Evidently the genotype was described by Kosse but not given a 
specific name. The first species assigned to Kosse's genus becomes the type, 
but-in this ¢ase happens to be a synonym of a name proposed earlier by Raf- 
“inesquee The genotype, therefore, is Gastropteron rubrum ( Rafinesque). 

We are indebted to Dre A. Myra Keen fcr the information on this genus. 
® Shell wholly covored, consisting of 2 minute nautiloid, calcareous spire 
and a large open last whorl of very delicate membrane or cuticle, Gastrop~ 
teron swims rapidly by means of its_lnrge parepodial lobes, which are uscd 
as wings” ( Tryon & Pilsbryy Man. of Conchology)e 


Gastropteron pacificun Bergh,1893, Aleutian Islands to Fuca Strait, (Dall) 
Type locality, Unakaska, Aleutian Islands ( fide Oldroyd, pe 46) 
Range to Monterey Bay; rare (MacFarland) ( A.G. Smith)» 
Gastropteron cinereum Dall,1925. Queen,Charlotte Islands to Vancouver 
Island, British Columbia. Type locality, Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte 
Islands, British Columbia, Described in Repte Canadian Arctic Exped. 1915~ 
~18, vol.8, pts B, pe 11B, text fig.4. ( tracing giren belo). 

The description of this species is given by Oldroyd, ». 46 except for 
the following notes— 
lah Skidegate inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbi:, culy,1916, 
W. Spreadborough, collectors Victoria Memorial Muséum, iwsJiuex*, noe 31773 
cotype, presented to U.S. National Museum. 
2. West side of Vancouver Island, Ucluelet, British Columbia ot low tide, 
C.He Young ond We SpreaduLorough, May,1919, Cotype, Victoria Mcie !'use 
Ottawa, Cat. Mollusks, no, 3176. ( Fig.4), drawn from alcoholis specimens. 
The lack of lateral symmetry is probably due to contraction in the preser~ 
~ratives.® as | : ee | 

Bolow are tracings of the original figure ( Zool. Jahrb. 1893, pl.16, 
fig.28; pl.1l7, figs. 19-26), figs. 12 and 13 being the only ones of the 
shell. Note magnification ( x 55). -* 

if 2h 

ak ioe sae ae G. cinereum . 
oe . ree } a ou oe x 4 
\ a /t c \ ventral 


\ 


aks 5 ; \ 7 La / 
ey td.) ee 


a 3 ee / ~ 7 vi de 
x 5S se ae wee j 
G. paeificum doréal Se 
Family AGLAJLDAE yr” . 


Genus Aglaja as spelled by most nuthors and in almost general use. 
However, we areadvised by Dr. A. Myra Keen " Aglaia Renier,1804 seems to 
be the original spelling, fit Sherborn. Therefore we will spell it, 

Genus Aglaia Renicr,1894, Type Doridium membrartiaceum Meckel. 

The shell of this entire family is wholly internal and generally of 
a minute spire with a single whorl; sometimes membraneous, sometimes partly 
calcified. 


#48 p 7 May,1945 
Aglaia purpurea Bergh,1894. Catalina Island, Calif. 
; Taia diomedia Bergh,1894. Shumagin and Kodiak Islands, Alaska. 
Aglaia ocelligera Bergh,1694, Sitka Harbor, Alaska. . 
Aglaia’ adellee Dajl,1894, Bagle Harbor, Puget Sound-in 20 frns. 


Collecting data: In the course of our dredging operations we picked up 

a considerable number of these animals... They are no douvt "t this time 

‘in preservative, in the Hancock Foundation waiting for some onc to classify 
theme We knew that we dredged several djfferent species but n> oe of 

our. acquaintance was interested in. Phemawe neither were wie ( roreh). 


“Genus Nevanes Pilsbry, 18956 Type Navanax inermis(Cocr-r). 
* Body elongated, similnur in. general character to Aglaja, but snterior 
angles of head=shield produced to form involute rhinophores. Eheil as in 


Aglaja.” ( Pilsbry),. ; 


Navanax inermia ( Cooper),1862. Elkhorn Slough,Monterey Co«, Calif. (Mac 
Ginitie) to Estero, Ensenada,Mexico ( Burch). Type locality, San Diogo Bays 

Collecting data; This is our common California striped slug found in 
all bays and sloughs.e It is really a beautiful animal. It is seasonubly 
very abundant. We have seen them literally by the thousands in the +: lough 
at Mugu, Ventura Coe, Calif. and all as full of Haminoea as they could he 
and not burst. They do have a very thin membraneous shell but it is a safe 
wager that you will earwe up a lot of them before you find it unless you 
know ehere to look. ( Burch). 


Family TETHYIDAE  . 

The family name APLYSIIDAL has been in general use by most authors. 
However, we area dvised by-Dr. A, Myra. Keen ( Per. Comm. April,1945) * 
Family TETHYIDAE is preferable. As Pilsbry shows ( Proc, Acade Nate Sci. 
Philadelphia, vol. 47,1895, pps 347350), Aplysia Linnaeus,1767, is at 
most only subgenerically distinct from Tethys Linnaeus, 17584 The genotype 
of Tethys, fide Pilsbry, is lt. lcporina Linnaeus,® | 

Genus Tethys Linnacus,1758. . : 

* Shell very thin, eoneeanene with a thin calcareous inner layer, nearly 
as large as mantle, concave, with pointed, small apex, bearing a recurved 
lamina, and having a concave posterior sinuse® ( Tryon & Pilsbry, Man. Conch, 


Subgenus Neaplysia Sosnee seen Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci. voled,Sept. 
1863, Pe 57- 

" Formand external appearance as usual in the genus. Length fifteen 
inches, breadth five, height about the same. Color pale gray or greenishy 
becoming purplish at the side, folds of mantle w ith scattered white specks, 
from which an irregular network of brown lines extends over the rest of the 
body, interspaced with large brown blotches. Inner surface of mantle varied 
with alternating painted bars of white and dark brow interl»c«irg togethers 
Sole of foot black. Eyes very minute and black. 

Shell contained in the substance of the mantle, cartilarinous, trans~ 
=lucent, trapezoidal or hatchet-shaped, margins rounded, slijhtiy convex 
above,the nucleus or center in old specimens distant from the fosterior and 
or apexe Faint radiating lines diverging from the nucleus, crossed by an 
irregular network-of darker lines, all ending abruptly at some distance 
from the margin, which has thus a wide, nearly transparent border, An acces~ 
-ory plate arises on the inner surface from the nucleus, spatulate in form 
nnd slightly raised. 

The two younger specimens have the clear border and accessory plate 


#43 p 8 May,1945 
less developed, and very young ones do not probably show these characters 
at all, but resemble the typical Aplysia in the form of the shell. On 
this general account I am unwilling to constitute it a Mei genus, but 
propose to call it a subgenus and the name of Neaplysia.” ( Cooper). 


Tethys californica Conper,1863. Monterey, Calif. to Punta Banda, Todos 
Santos Bay, Mexico ( Burch). Type locality, San Pedro, Calif. 

Collecting data: This is our common "Sea Haro'. It frequents rocky 
shores » The shell may be removed from these rather easily. It is merely 
a thin corneous plate. It is seasonably abundant in such localities as 
Point Firmin, Palos Verdes, Balboa, Laguna Bench etc. ( Burch); shore to 
5 fathoms on kelp off Monterey, Calif. ( AG. Smith); Elkhorn Slough, 
Monterey Coe ( MacGinitie); San Pedro and Morro Bay ( H.N. Lowe). 

It is likely that there will untimately be a number of subspecies 
described. In Nautilus 21, pe34,1907, Dr. S.S. Berry mentions 4 new variety 
but does not name it. It came from 12 fathoms off Monterey. In Nautilus 
29:84 T.D.A.e Cockerell discusses a speciess ; 
Tethys ritteri Cockerell,1901. San Pedro to La Jolla, Calif, 

The La Jolla extension is based on Professor Cockerell's urticle in 
Nautilus 29. There may be two or more species around San Pedr» but it 
requires careful studyand perhaps dissection to distinguish them. The only 
record we have other than the origihal references is that of H.N. Lowe 
who lists it from San Pedro. 


Family TYLODINIDAE 

Genus Tylodina Rafinesque,l1819. Dr. A. Myra Keen advises ( Per. 
Comme April, 1945) " The type of Tylodina is Tse punctulata Rafineeque,1819 
by monotypy. This is thought to be the same as the usually cited type 
T. citrina Joannia, 1034," 

This genus is placed under family UMBRACULIDAE by many authorse 
"Shell limpet like,depressed,apex-subcentral,with a minute spiral nucleus." 
Tylodina fungina Gabb,1865. San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. ( Burch) to Todos 
Sintos Bay, Lower California ( Chace). Type locality, Santa Barbara Island, 
Calif. d 

Collecting data: This species is only found in owr experience associa= 
~ted with a certain type of reddish yellow spongee The extension of the 
range northward to San Luis Obispo Co. is interesting because I found 
these specimens of Tylodina on the typical sponge but the sponge was growing 
on the back of a lurre Halfotis rufescens Swainson ‘brought into the market 
at Morro Bay. The divers told me that they had taken the Haliotis up north 
of Cayucos. We have t.kon the species along the Palos Verdes, Los Angeles 
County, and at Laguna Reach. ( Burch); Mreand Mrs. E.eP. Chace took it 
. at Punta Banda, Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif., Mexico which is an extensior 
of range in the other direction. Other records: Point Boma, San Diego Co , 
( Dr. Fred Baker); Laguna Beach ( H.Ne Lowe); La dolla ( Wilson & Fork) 


Family PLEUROBRANCHIDAE ; 
Genus Pleurobranchus Cuvier,1804, Type ( by monotypy),P. peronii Cuvier 
The generic descriptions are largely devoted to a detailed observation 
of the characters of the enimal. The shell is internal, halivotiform, with 
a posterior subspiral nucleus. ' 


Pleurobranchus californicus Dall,1900. Crescent City, Calif. ( Chace) to 
San Diego, Calif. Type lcenlity, San Pedro, Calif. 


We had an interesting affair with this genus in our Minut2:s #37, pel7 


#48 p 9 May, 1946 

in which we ‘figure atid describe some shells taken by Mreand Mraw E.P. 
Chace from Crescent City, Calif, We gave it the name chacei , but Dra’ 
F.M. MacFarland wrote an opinion’ for us which is to be found in our Min- 
-utes #39, p.29 advising us.:that the Ghace shells are in his opinicn 
californica. In any event this is a vast entension of range from Sn Pedro 
tho former northern limit. Dr. ‘MacFarland advised that ‘he will “shortlp-.. 
publish a descriptton of another species of this gerus from our ‘faunde 


Pleurobranchus digueti Rochebrune,1895. San Pedro, Calif, to the Gulf of 
California ( Dall). Type locality, Mogote, baie de la Paz, ° 

Dr. Dall was evidently'confused about this species because in Bulletin 
112 on pe 65 he gives it as above under Pleurobranchus, but on pe 166 under 
Lamollaria digueti Rochebrune etc, he gives the same reference to pdge and 
fires. 2. nage ’ . 

Dr. F,M. MacFarlend states "Py digueth appears in many lists from 
southern California. -I have studied It in detail in specimens from the 
Gulf of California, but have no reliable records from more northern points.® ’ ’ 

However, we have the following statement from Mr. A.M. Strong ( Pers 
Comm. April,1945) % Cantain White and I collected‘a dozen or more specimens 
of what I believe to be Pleurobranchus digueti Rochebrune from White's 
Paint, near San Pedro. The shell is quite diffcrent from that collected et 
Crescent, City by the Chaces.™ 


Order NUDIBRANCHIATA 
A discussion of the species and groups under this ord«r will be 
omitted pending the publication of a monograph by Dr. Fell, JincFarland, 


oe Order PULMONATA — | if oan 
Family ELLOBIIDAE . — ; 
Genus Phytia Gray,18¢el. Dre A. Myra Keen advises us on this genus . 
as follows (. Per. Comm, April,1945) ° The type of Phytda Gray,?°21 4s © 
Voluta denticulata Monte gu, by monotypy. Some ‘authors use the' ¢ neric name. 
niexia Griy,1847, apparently because of Sherborn's stutement tiat Phytia 
is on error for Pythia. However, there is no evidence for the latter inter 
-pretation in the orfginal paper of Gray, which I have examined carefully. 
Anywey, alexia is preoccupied, In Britain tvio subspecies of Phytias are : 
recognized. The marine form is:oalled Phytia myosotis denticulata (ilontagu) 
1803, end the brackish water form is P. myosotis myosotis ( Draparnaud),1801%— 
* Sholl oblong-eoval, thin, spire acuminate; last whorl large,rounded 
at bese; columella with an oblique plait; aperture contracted by tecth, and 
sometimes by a callosity of the outer lip.” ( Tryon & Pilsbry, Manse Conch -) 
In the way of some of the discussion in regard to the generic name 
ths following note from AeG. Smith is of interest ® I have nothing to offer 
‘u Lhytia vs. alexta , except to eomplicate the situation by calling attean- 
-tion,to the fact that Hans Schlesch of Copenhagen uses the genus Myosotella 
Lonterosato,1906 ( Revidiertcs Verzeichnis ‘der danischen Land -und Susswa- ~ 
~sseremollusken nit ihrer Verbrcitung= Archiv fur Molluskenkunde,66, 1934, 
Seite 280), 


oy 


Phytia setifer Cooper,1872, Puget Sound to'Terminal Island, Calife 
Type locality, Mission Creek, San Francisco.e ~ a , 

The question of whether the above specific nante is valid or in the 
synonymy of P, myosotis Drap. has beocn a matter of debate with local coll- 
-ectors. Dre G. Dallas Henna dn Bulletin, Dept. of Sgric,,Staté of Calif.,. 
vol.28, noo5, pe 308, May,1939 discusscs the problem in his papér on "Exotic 
Mollusca in California*, Dr. Hanna figures the species on Plate B, fige2 
and is evidently of the opinion that sotifer is conspeaific with myosotis . 


hee 


#48 p 10 May,1945 a 
Dre WeO. Gregg of our club is making 8 study of this problem and will no 
doubt report his findings shortly. . 

Collecting datas My only experience and the only locality I knew 

for this species is exactly where the huge Cal Ship ways are today on 
Terminnl Island. However, the specics was so exceedingly abundant that it 
is doubtful if it could have been killed out. It could be found 60 far 
from the water on the flats that it seemed more like a land shell. The 
easiest way to get all you could ever use in a minute or so was to take 
a wist broom and pick up any old board or stone and brush them off, The 
only difficulty then was that you would find a nice job separating the 
thousands of young Phytia and the Syncera translucens Carpenter. (Burch); 
Elkhorn Slough, under Salicornia , abundant ( Hanna); " I am using Cooper's 
name until we can be oertain that setifer is conspecific with myosotis, 
based on a comp2zrison of: West Coast specimens with those from Europe. I 
have a suspicion that this shell is an introduced species on the evidence 
that it has been reported so far only from ports frequently visited by 
sailing ships in the early days.” ( A.G. Smith); Clallam Bay, Clallam 
Coe, Wash., Coupeville, Whidley Island, Island Co., Washe, Manitou Beach, 
Kitsap Co., Wash. ( W.d. Eyerdam); Humboldt Bay ( Kelsey); Humboldt Bay 
( Chace); San Francisco ( Orcutt); Newark Creek, Alameda Co.,Calif. ( Dr. 
Greig); San Pedro ( Chace) 


Phytia refl2xilabris (d'Orbigny),1840. | Ecador to Chile. 


#48 p 11 May, 19465 
. Genus Pedipes: Seppoli, 1777. ‘Type, Pedipesiafer Gmolin.. (fide! Oldroyd) 
" Shell imperforate, ovul-subglobose, solid, spirally striate,whorls 
few, the. last very large; aperture much. contracted’ by teeth; columellar 
lip with usually three dentiform plications, of which the. posterior one 
‘4s largest and spiro]; outer lip charpy callous on. dentate withins® - 


wv 


. Podd es unisculatus Cooner, 1866. tele Cove, Santa Monica Bay, Calif. 
( Burch) + o Gulf of Oodararnias Type. looality, San. Pedro, Calif,» 

- Collecting datas Our experience has beon to: find this species on al} 
‘occasions in about the same habitat. An example ofthis: is-the roeky rubtle | 
below the Palos Verdes Club House. To' find this specics in grsatest abun-- 
-dance clims wp at least ten foet above the high tide linc t>:@ position 
reached only..by spray. Then it.is necessary to'dig a hole in the rocky 
rubble, At a depth of 1 to 2 feet you will find Pedipes in great numbers 
and associated with Trunentella stimpsoni Stearns. An ucccmpanying condit~ 
-ion;of the habitat suems to be that the rocks be packed with dead eel 
grass and algae, It might be mentioned that this habitat ic © f-vyorite 
of severnl other species including Fartulum orcutti Dall whieh ty be 
found on careful examinetion in vast numbers on and+in the 2i.*c ond eel 
Grass. As I recall. it tok me several hours to collect a lere: ecigar box 
full of each of the above species which is ample to give a 1:,° set to 
probably every shell collector on earth. Collecting date 8/28, =o“ Bureh jars 
Also taken below La Jolla, Calif. 5/1936; and Punta Banda, Lower Calife 
Mexico 12/1937. The collecting dates indicate that the habitat of these 
species is not deasonal but theyare there the year around.( Burch). 
Pacific Beach ( Kelseyand Stephens); Santo Domingo, Lower Calif. (Orcutt) 3 
San Diego ( Gripp and Hemphill); La Jolla ( H.N. Lowe). 


Pedipes liratus Binney,1860. San Diego, Calif. to Gulf of Califorria, 
Type locality, Cape San Lucas, Lower Calif., Mexico. 

Collecting datas: Punta Banda, Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. ( Chace); 
San Diego, Calife ( HN. Lowe). 


Fecives angulatus | CeB. Adams,1852. ( Panama) Albemarle Id.,Galapagos. 
This specics is not of our fauna but seems to be the only other 
species described from this const, 


Genus Melampus Montfort,1810. Type ( by original desig,), Bulimus 

coniformis Bruguiere Bote coffea Linnaeus. ( fide Grant & Galo, p de, p 461). 
hell ovate-conic; spire low; aperture somewhat elongate, gently 

rounded below; inncr lip polishcd, but not incrusted, bearing plications; 
outer lip generally thin, simple, sometimes bearing ey lirations or 
a row of denticulatisne; umbilicus closed or a mere chink; no developed 
anterior canal nob. »osterior notch; sculpture absent or reduced to growth 
lines. Size generally small, averaging for genus about 12 or 15 mm," 


Melanpus olivaceus Carpenter,1857. Monterey Bay ( Salinas River), Calif. 
to Mazatlan, Mexico ( Dall). Type locality, Mazatlan, Mcxico. 

There seems to be a question about the northern limit sf the range 
as stated by Mr. A.G. Smith as follows ® Reported from thu mouth of the 
Salinas River by Dall, although no one has reported it fro the Monterey 
region since, This record needs confirming." 

Collecting data: This species is usually labelled 2s } 7 .in* been 
collected in bays, sloughs, lagoons etce, but this is not . toi: Oy accur~ 
“ate because the hahitat is up on the mud flats, and as « mid: © nsidere 


- 


#48 p12, Mey, 1945 

_eably ‘higher even than the favorite poadieion for Cerithidea. A typical 
situation whore this species may be taken in any quantity required is 

the salt marsh in back of Anaheim Bay. It is intorosting that thoy oppare» 
-ently crawl up the stalks of the salt weed growing up almost along tho 

side of tho highway. I have picked them off the vegetation in plices that 
reminded me a great deal more of collecting land shells then marine species. 
It is a -very common species in such habitats on Terminal Island, Mission 
Bay, San Diego Bay ( very abundant on the inner bank of the strand), and 

all around the upper banks of the Estero below Ensenada, Mexico.s( Burch); 
Kino Bay, Sonora; San Jose Island, Gulf of Calif. ( HiN,, lowe); Ocean 

Beach, Califse ( bristol); Newport, Califs ( Stephens)$ Alamiths Bay ( Lowe ) 
San Diego Bay ( W.Ke Emerson). 


While the above species is the only Melnmpus described from our 
fauna there are ao number from thhs coast in the southern fauna. The list 
follows: : ee: 

_ Melampus tabogensis ( C.R. Adams),185?2 Magdalona Bay to Panama 
DURE. ( Petit),1842. Panema to Peru 
: trilincatus ( C.R. Adams),1852. Panama 


ae! panamensis ( C.B. Adams),1852.e Panama 
. infrequens ( C.B. Adams),1852 Fanama 
; concinnus ( C.B. Adams),1852. © Panama 
bridgesii Carpenter,1856. Panama 
- luteus Q. & G.,1832 Ecuador, to Peru, Guom etc.s 
id globulus Ferussac,1835 Ecuador : 
: -acromelus ( npeeanell), 1852. Peru 


Olivulus Beck. Guayaquil, Brazil etce 


While there are A number of species involved thatec rs of th. southern 
fauna the following key from the notebook of Mre AeMe Strong +1 -uld be of 
interest. . 


Family ELLOBIIDAB 
Aperture long and narrow, spire blunt. 
e Columellar plait rather oblique, body smooth or plaites vee Mo Domus 
»» Outer lip with internal parallel plaits 
.oooBody-with 1 plait 
seoe Columellarplait small, oblique 
seuee Groonish with indistinct whitish markings ..secvce olivula_ 
, ll x 74 mm‘. Brazil ond Ecwador Pfeiffer Cate paneer = 
eevee COlumellar plait large and lamelliform .- 
eteee Shining fulvous, with narrow chestnut bands e.erec Pippa 
10 x € mm Ecuador Reeve Auricula 7-60 
. eee Kody with 3 plaits 
eats’ Uniformly binckish chestnut colored sessesercsesace tabs ensis 
| 13 x 8 mm Magdalena Brey to Panama . Panama Shells #314 
eee Kody with 3 plsaits 
eeoe Columellar plait nearly horizontal 
evoeoe Uniformly yellowish, solid, nearly smooth e..seccees ates 
18 x 105 mm [nama to Feru,Guam-etc. Reeve Auricula 3-19 
eee’ Columedtar ploit descending obliquely to the margin 
seeeePurplish aha irregular brown tescellotions seessesee Olivneons 
16 x 94 Lontcrey to Gulf of Calif. Oldroyd.2=1, pe 54 
eevee Flesh ered with 4 brown hands ssscvcctsevevcesvee acromelea 
12x 7mm Peru Pfeiffer ente pe 27 oe ee 
ese Body with more then 3 plaits 


# 48 p 13 May ,1945 
soos Lark brownish red, with 3 white spiral lines..... trilineatus 
18 x 11mm Panama. Panama Shells # 315 ars 
ee Outer lip with indistinct plaits 
nee Olivaceus brownish, with ysllow spots and pteatis oe puss tomes 
135 x 8 mm Panama to Peru Reeve Auricula 7-60 
oe outee lip: with « single internal rib 
eoe Blackish brown, Shining eecsoccccveveccesevesceveeee panamoensis 
11 x 5 mm Panamc, Panama Shells # 312 
ee Outer lip without plaits 
wee Body with 1 plait 
eeee Brown, an indistinst pale band nvsr the suture ..... infrequens 
6x 4mm  Panem>. Panama Shells # 31l 
eee Body with 2 plaits 
eeoe Blackish brown, with a yellowish spiral band ........ concinnus 
8 x 5 mm Ponama. Panama Shells # 310 
eee Body without plaits 
eeose Blackish brown, Shining eeceeerece ceovecssveeeeceees bridgessi 
9 x 3 mm Panama e Pedeoe, 1906, pe 16) 
Aperture long and narrow, spire blunt, continued 
« Columellar plait perpendicular, body with 1 or 2 pleits .. arricula 
ee Columellar plait prominent, twisted = 
eee Upper plait nodiform, middle one obligue 
eeee Surface with minute papillae, epidermis yellowish ... “t= lis 
25 x 10 mm Panama to Ecuador. Reeve Auricula 2835 
eee Upper plait indistinct, middle one horizontal 
eee Brownish, slightly Shining eovsevcccevcccsccsscvveces Lv ntum 
st x 3 mm Perue kReeve,Auricule 4-22 ma 
ee Columellar plait callus, dentiform : 
eco Yellowish fulvous, "eh irregular strine of growth sesosoe avena 
sx 35 mm Chile. Reeve Auricula 4-24 
ee Columella with 2 plaits 
erenlolo, Slant ly tStriaved:. ea ¢iratss lees sclaein sles cise eave eae pal Vise) 
2x 1mm Colombia Pfeiffer Cat. pe 103 aie ta 
Aperture semi=ovate to ovate, spire conical 
« Columelia with 2 plaits, body with LT ssccesceccssecttces peseuee 
ae Vhorls rounded 
ee ed;'iral sculpture of 1 strong & 3 shallow grooves secves se tuenmiee te 
8 x 5 mm SBSan Fedro to Gulf of Calif. Oldroyd 2-1, pe. 53 : 
ne Spiral sculpture of regular raised threads geccccoorene pshevues 
op X 25 mm. _ Panama Olcroyd 2-1, pe 64 oe 
es Whorls slightly anguler, excavated Ace the angle 
eee Spiral Sculpture of unequal ridges eecccecceverservececs paeurenus 
7s x 5 mm Panama ‘Panama Shells # 308 
e Columella with 1 plait, body with 1 to 5 tuberculate plaitse. eae 
ee Body with a strory plait, above which are 2 smaller 
eee Lele to darig pur pr Sly DiGOWi cca sie crete es slletelse oie) ocalevelelats stax Perit 
10 to 3 mm, Puget bwund to San Pedro peeve 2-l, pe 53 
ee Body with a singlc compressed plait € 
eee Dark chestnut colored, shining Re ee rer reflextlabris 
9x4mm_  —KEeuador to Chile Pfeiffer Cate pe 115 Ee 
e Columella with 1 plait, body with 2 converging plaits ... ceeimule 
ee Surface slightly striated, shell solid Seam | 
oon Fulvous with irregular reddish brown streaks eee.eeeeee ACUTE >: 
123 x Sg mm Panama to Ecuador Pfeiffer Cate pe 45 


' 


* 


#48 p14 May,1945 
e» Surface slightly wrinkled, an impressed line below suture . 
eee Brownish grean, scarcely Shining ,eccesscseccsrscesssesese pepita 
14 x 7 mm Ecuador to Chile Pfeiffer Cate pe 44 7 ee 

+» Surface wrinkled, opaque blackish, Solid sseccccseeeesees Turinolla 

9 x 5 mm Peru to Chile - and nigra Phils meSe PFiiffuer ( Ge spo4b 
Some of the species in the sbove key follow: 
Genus Auricula . 


A. stagnalis d TOrbigny, 1485 Panama to Ecuador 
A. pallida Sowerby -West Colombia 
A. frumenta ( Petit),1842 Peru 


Ay avens (Petit) ,1842 aon , Chile - 
Genus Marinula ' 
M..acuta d'Orbigny,1835 ‘Panama to Ecuador 
Me mgrinella Kuster,1884. Peru 
Me popita. King,1831 Ecuador 
Genus Detracia - ° 
D. zéteki Pilsbry Panama 


Family TRIMUSCULIDAE (GADINIIDAE) - 

Genus Trimusculus Schmidt,1818, Type ( by subsequent designation 
Rehder, 1940), Trimusculus memillaris Linnaeus ( Patella mammillaris Le) 

* Note* Rehder, Harald A., ™ On the Molluscan Genus Trimusculus 
Schmidt"1818 with notes on Some Mediterranean and West African Siphonarias®, 
Froce Blole Soce VWashsy vole 53,pp 67~70, June 28,1940. 

We are following Lr. Rehder on this genus which will place the foll- 
~owing in the synonyny : Gadinia Gray,1824; Clypeus Scacchi,1833; Mouretia 
Sowerby,1835; Rowellia ‘Cooper’ Carponter,1864. 

® Shell low, conical or dome shaped} apex blunt, central or subeentr- 
“al; sculpture radial or irregular; interior simple, without septum, an 
arcuste muscle scar above the margin. Animal an air breather, with a lung 
and without gills." 


Trimusculus reticulatus ( Bowerby) , 1835. Trinidad and Farcl}]«ne Islands 
to Cape San Lucas ( Dall). 
Collecting data: The habitat is about high tide line wn rocky shores . 
It is not really common although when found they are usuzliy in colonies 
and one find is enough. Monterey, Playa del Rey, Santa Monicx ( ireakwater), 


Palos Verdes, Point Firmin, El Morro Pt. Ne of Ensenada,*ioxirn, “uc Jolla, 
Balboa, Calif. ( Burch); Scarce at low tide under rocks, !. >> © lonies 
on the roofs of caves exposed at low tide between Point Pirosc 11. Point 
Lobos, where they are sometimes stained gray or pinkish by 2 *~ccies of 


coralline ( A.G. Smith); rore, rocks at Silver Strand, Bird Roce, La Jolla 
( W.K. Emerson); San Murtin Ide, LeCe ( Dr. Fe Baker); So. Isicnd Los 
Coronados in 3 to 8 fms. ( Dr. F. Baker); San Diego and Pacific Beach 
(Kelsey); La Jolla ( Bristol); San Geronimo Bay, LeC. ( Lowe); San Clemente 
Island, San Niztolas Island, White's Point ( Lowe). 

Trimusculus peruvianrvs ( Sowerby) ,1835. 

Cia peruviana Owerby),1836, Gulf of California to Chile. 

~~" Got reported from California but seems to be the only other species 
eeseribea from this coast. 


#48 p 16 May, 1945 
Family, SIFHONARIIDAE Ze 
Genus-Siphonaria Sowerby, 1825, | Se sipho Sowerby,1#°’ 18 t rpe by.- 
original designation. | Dn. A. Myra Keen advises that the, t: sere is. aia 
( not 1824). ‘a8 Usually listed .by authors. 
*'shéll solid, porsélianous, with subcebtral apex and -radi*] soulpture; 
inner Isterad teeth of the radula bifid, outer tritids= (Dal) 


' wy 


Subgenus Liriola Dall, 1870, Type ( by orig. desig.) & thersites 
Carpenter. " Shell thin, noeny with apex poco unac: smooth or faintly 
radially strinte. Habitat,: cooler or temperute seas.” (: Pelt) 
Siphonaria thersites Carpenter,1864, Aleutian Islands -to Streit of: Fuea 
Type locality, Neah Bay, Washington. 

Collecting datas Sitka, Ketchikan, Forrester Tavencr ‘Alaska ( Ge Will- 
-ett); on Fucus and under stones near high tide mark, Drier Bay, Mallard 
Isy and Thum Bay, Knight Island, Izhut Bay and Red Fox Bay, Afognak Ide, 
Jitkalidak Id., Three Saints SE Kodiak Ide, Shumagin Ids., Mitrofania 
Ide, and Unalaska Ids ( Weds Eyerdam); Sitka, Alaska ( H.N. Lowe); Prince 
of Wales Island ( J; Henderson); 


n ‘ 


Subgenus Kerguelenia Rochebruns and Mabille,1889, Dr.» Dall and 
others. placed our species Ss. brannani in this pabeonnes Thiele considers 
it to: bea: synonym of Liriole. For the interest of those who may study 
.the group the, original description foliows: 

Testa capuliformi, ovato-elongata, convexa; vertice postico ad 
.. marginem incumbente, versus sinistrnm oblique torto, 

Coquilie capulifcrme, ovale~allongee, convexe, a' sonnuet nostenteur 
incline’ sur la margc, que, dans certains oas,il atteint, et um ns obli- 
-quement repete sur la gauche, 

Ce nouveau geure, que nous formous aux ‘depens dés especes du. geure 
Siphonaris, differe-de ce deruier par les caracteres suivents: uné form 
generale, phge differente: le sonnuet completment posterieur; . le. test nuic:, 
Preeti, n' peiue costahes aimplement Btris; le silion’ mec 4 ocrement marque 
a‘ 1' interdeur, a' peiue sensible o' 1'exterieur, parte int du sonnuet pour 
venir aboutir sur ou pres a lord anterijeur, par consequent plus ou mouis 
.parallele ou obligue a' la eee mediane de la coquille, -u eu de lui 
etre presque perpendiculsire. : 


Siphonaria brannani Stearns, 1872, Malaga Cove, Loe arr Ios Cos 
( Willett) to Acapulco, kicxico.( Dr. F. Baker). Santa Bart’ r’ rnd Santa 
Catalina Islands ( Dall), to Paetilla Point,Panama (: Baker). 

Collecting data: Malagi Cove, Los Angeles Go. in 15-fms. ( U, Willett); 
dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 15 to 25 fms. gravel bottcm ( Burch); 
Acapulco, Mexico, Magdalena Bny, and San Diego, Calif. ( Dre Fred Baker); 
Mingatlan, Mexico and Manzanillo ( Orcutt); Laguna Beach, Calif. and Cape 
San Lucas, Mexico: ( Helle Lowe). a ae 


Genue Williomie Monterosato, 1884. “Type ( by monotypy) peas ? 
. gussonii aa Costa ( fide Woodring). 7 . ihe 
‘The following 4s an interesting note by Mr} A.M, Strong on this genus 
“( Pers Comm, April,1945) “ I believe that Williamia verhalis Dall is a 
ood varicty of Williamia pwltoides living under quite different condit= 
-ione. I have specimens collected at Magdalena Bay by Orcutt and labelled 
Wiiliamia galnpagana Dall and I suppose identified by htim, They seem to 
at least be very similar to our Southern California dredged specimens, 
They appear to have been collected in beach drift and so there is no indic~ 


#48 p 16 Moy,1948 
~ation of where they lived. The type of Williamia Spel Sane Dall and 
a food many specimens are in the Academy of f Scienees at San Francisco. 
They were collected both in drift on shore and living ettached to floati- 
-ng sea weed. Théy aro very similar to our dredged shells but seém to 
live under different conditions. The description is in Froc, Calif. Aond. 
of Scignces 4th sere vole ll, pte 1,,1917, pe 382. This is r paper on’ 
land shells" | os 
Williemta peltoides (Carpenter) ,1864. Monterey to Gulf of Californias 
Type locality, Cape San Lucas, Mexico. . i 
Grant and Gale, 1951, pe 463 place the following s-c~" ~' . vernalis 
in thé synonymy of this species, It is true that the t:r lor 0 pery. 
close but in our experience the two forms are not taken topei <r i hich . 
would indicate that they .re at least subspecificelly disti-r”. 
The manner ‘in which certain animals with lungs are ablo .»> extract 
axygen from the water hes been explained by several authors. ihis genus 
is somowhst amazing though for an air breather. It 1s exceedingly abun- 
dant in the gravel off Redondo beach in 25 fathoms, and we hive nrought 
‘ap living specimens ‘from over 75 fathoms off Redondo Beach associated 
with definitely deep water fauna. 
Collecting datas Dredged off Monterey on the shale in 10 fms. and 
£0 fms., off Pacific Grove in 15 fms., Redondo Beach 25 to 75 fus., (Burch) 
18 fmse off S. Coronado Island ( Bre F. Baker); Monterey,Pacific ‘rove 
ete. beach drift and 10-12 fathoms on rocks, living, :a rare sporics ( AG, 
GSuith)s San Martin Island, L.C. ( Dr. F. Baker); La Jolla ( Orcutt); San - 
Tiego ( Hemphill); Catalina Island in 30 fathoms, and San Pedro ( Lowe). 


“li damia vernalis(Dal1)1870. oO TOS Calif. to Gulf of Calif. 
Type locality, lionterey, Calif. 

Collécting data: Sen Onofre,Cayucos,La jolie, ‘Calif. ‘littoral; Punta 
Banda, Lower Calif. littoral on stones in the rubble reefs dredged off 
Redondo Beach in 75 fmse, avalon, Catalina Island in 35 fmse, Malaga 
Cove, Los Angeles Co. in 15 fms.; Monterey, in 10 fms. ( Burch); Monterey 
from low tide to 12 frs. on rocks end shale fragments, fairly common ( A, 
Ge Smith ); Carmen Island, Gulf of California ( Ji.N. Lowe); Cayucos,Calif 
( Lowe and Caruthers); {ain Onofre, Calif. and San Nicolas Island,Mexice 
( HN. Lowe); Magdelone Bay, LC. ( G. Willett). 


Williamia gala agana Dall,1909. Magdalena Bay to Panama. 
jot of our fauna but menvioned above. 


Other species of the genus Siphonaria described from tha southern 
fduna of this coast follow; ; 
Siphonaria maura aura Sowerby, 1835. Magdalena Bay to Eeualcr 
| war. lecania Philippi,1846 ,Magdalena Bay ( Orcutt). 
vars palmata Carpenter,1857. ‘Tres Marias Islands 
var. aequilirats Cerpenter, 1857. 
Siphonaria 2. gigis Sowerby,1825. Gulf of California to er. 
iphonaria soutella Deshuyes Galapagos 
Siphonaris lineolata So orby,1835. Nicaragua. Ecundok to Coils, 
Siphonarin lessoni Bleinville,1824. Peru to Magellan Strait . 
Sivhonsria (Ke _Kerguelenin) Beene Sowerby,1835. Central Arey. to Chile 


eenenetemenmminnene-aeineheeert 


Siphonaria (1 Kergueleni. 7. tenuis Philippi,1860. Peru to Chiles 


#48 p17 May,1945 


Family ONCHIDIIDAE 

Genws Aretonchis Dall,1905. Type ( by original designation) Onchid- 
-ella borealis Dall. Harriman Alaska Expedition, vole 13,1905, p. 
lle. 

"“ Species small like Onchidella, but without muciparous glands on 
the lower side-of the mantle, without dorsal eyes and with a jaw. @ool 
temperateand borer] coasts.” ( Dall). 

This was described by Dre Dall as a Section of Subgenus Onchidella 
under Genus Onchidiume 


Arctonchis borealis ( Dnll), 18671. Port Moller and Aleutian Islands to 
Northern Californin. Type locality, Sitka, Alaska, on rocks near tide 
marks, especially on the small islets in the Bay”. 

The types are in the California Academy of Science, scaled in alscokol « 
Two additional sets collected by Hemphill from Coos Buy, Cregon also senled 
.in alcohol in the Hemphill collection of alcoholics in the C.A.5S. 

Mr. A.G. Smith sent the above information and also tre following 
note " I think I have already mentioned the specimens of tunic in the Acad- 
“emy collection tyken by Homphill at Coos Bay and Fort Froyer. “hey look 


like small rough black limpets without shells and ore +, r+ found 

oy the rocks between tides. I have not found it on th. i.rcicicy Coast 
mainly, I guess, as I didn't know what it was until nocenilyv * .! therefore 
could have easily overlooked it.” . 


This group seems to be the reverse of some we have stucicd in that 
they seem to be land animals apparently returning to the sea. There are 
other species omitted from Bulletin 112 by Dr. Dall and also by other 
faunal lists. No doubt this has been done on the assumption that they are 
lend animals and perhaps theyare, In fact it is questionable if the above 
species iss properly placed in a list of the marine fauna. ae Dre Dall 
etecue sses the following species in the same article in which he c°scribed 
A, borealis and in the interest of completeness we will give the limited 


ee ee eee + meee 


date we have below, 


Genus Onchidella Gray,1850. Type ( by Sub. Desig. Herrmannsen, 1852) 
yy chidium nigricans Quoy. ( fide Dall,1905). 
Do Tersat curtace. without arborescont processes, margin of the mantle 
with prominent spaces papillao, serving as conduits for mucuous glands; 
lower surface of the mantle with muciparous glands; dorsum with dorsal 


eyes; mouth agnsthous. Warmer seas." ( Dall) 


Onchidella carpentcri W.G. Binney,1869,. California and Puget Sound. 
“Binney and Blend, Land and Fresh Water Shells,1869, pe 307; W.G. Binney, 
Manual of American Land Shells, U.S.N.M. Bull. 28, 1885, Pe 163; Dall; 
Harriman Alaska Expcdition,vol,135,1°05, pp. 113,114, - 

Dr. W.0O. Grers advises that being agnathous this species is certainly 


in a different genus thun Arctonchis borealis, - 


#eS p 18 May ,1945. 


Family TEREBRIDAE : 

Gonus Terebra Bruguiere,1789. Type ( by monotypy, Lrmarck,1799), 
Buccinum subulatum Linnaeus. ( fide Grant and Gale,1l971, ped 64) « 

Subgenus Terebrna SeSe 

" Shell of large or moderate size,: oor sculpture generally rather 
low or absent; columell> twisted, often with one or two folie" ( Grant & 
Gale,1931, pe 464). Not represented in the California fru... 

Suneonue Strioterebrum Sacco,1891. Type ( by oririn 1 © si nation), 
Terebra basteroti Hyst. ( fide Gront and Gale, pe 4€0'. 

Shell smill or medium sized, slender; whorls sculptur.* . ith axial 
ribs and spiral threads or grooves, sutural band ‘generally vi !. ¢ofineds 
aperture rather narrow, snterior canal short, notched, colum-ii> gener= 
-nlly with a broad bas] fold" ( Grant and Gale). 


Torebra pedroana Dall,19&8. Redondo Bench, Calif. ‘(( Burch) to Seammon's 
Lagoon, L.C. ( Keen, 1937) ( lat. 27). Type locality, San Pedro, Calif. 
( fide Oldroyd, Pe 60). 


Grant and Gale,1931, pe. 469 make this specics and the varicty philip - 


i. ane. which _they Bieee ih the synonymy of byescas pedroana , sUenae 
thise 

In the first place the ae ee of the species is in question 
ny si no doubt soon have some corrections to makee Mr. A.G. Smith 
« wrises “ Dr. Hanna has a Dabo in msse in whch he says that both of 
} ll's names are preoccupied." 

Returning to the matter cf pedroana vs. rhilippiana « The variety 
thilippiana is suprosed to te distinguishable from typical pedroana by 
its less distinctly developed axial ribs. However, the situation in most 
collections may be ex, ]ained by an account of the discussion at the last 
meeting of the club. Mr. George Willett passed around a large box contrin= 
-ing several hurdred spocimons with the comment " Both forms are theres 
Separate them if you c’ne" The conscnsus of opinion seems to be that they 
are one species ana that intergrades sre too abundant for philippiana to 
even be considered » valid variety. Habitat may alter the form to some 
extente Another comner.t by Mr. George Willett is of interest "A set 
in my collection collected by Connely at San Quentin Bay, labelled -T. var- 


ioe 


“iegata Gray, looks much like the few beach specimens I fave of T. Pedronu: 


Terchra pedroana philippiana Dall,1920 will therefore »* nlnced in th> 
Synonymye Dr. Dall gave it the range " Santa Barbara to hund of the Gulf 
of California" which would change the range of the typicsl northward to 
Santa Barbara. Dr. A. Myrs Keen advises " According to the label on the 
holotype of Terebra pedroena philippiana Dall, the type loeslity is San 
Pedro. The holotype is U.S, Nat. Muse noe 4943." 

Collecting data: Dredged off Malaga Cove, LeA. Cos is 1” a: 76 and off 


Redondo Beach, Calif. and San Pedro in 5 to 15 fathoms, of « “us Monica 
in 7 fms., Fittoral og Terminal ‘Island, Bird Rock, San Dice: ( ., San 
Onofre, dredged in 15 fr.s. off Ensenada, Mexico ( Burch); of: .-: port Bay 


in 30 fms. ( G. Willett); San Diego Bay ( W.K. Emerson); Blanc. Toy, LeCe 

( Cabrnli); mission Buy ( Baker and H.N. Lowe}; Ocean Beach ( waker)3 

The fllowing labelled with the varietal name philippians : Santo Domingo, 
Le Ce ( Orcutt); Magdalena Bay ( Anderson); San Ignacio Lagoon ( Hemphill); 
Son Pedro, Calif. ( Oldroyd, H.N. Lowe and Tremper)3 Acapulco ( Dre Fe 
Biker)e Obviously this record from Acapulco,Mexico by Dre Baker’ should 
\u checked. The specimens are in the collection of the San Diego siuseum 

‘f Natural History. 


" 


#48 p 19 May, 1946 


The following list of species of the genus Terebra covering the 
entire west coast will be of interest to some of the members, This is 
taken from Mr. AM. Strong's notebook, 


Genus Terebra Bruguiere,1789, 


Terebra 


Terebra 


Terebra 


terchra albocincta Carpenter, 1857, 


Terebra montijoensis Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. 


robusta Hinds,1844, ( San Blas to Panama) 
vare lingualis Hinds,1844 Panama, Near Mazrtln. 
strigata Sowerby,1825. (Panama and Galapagos). 
pedroana Dall,1908. ( Santa Monica to Gulf of C "if, 
VOT Philippiana Dall,1920,. 
( Gulf of ome tier gt oy 
vare hindsii Carpenter, 1857. , ees 
var. rufocineres Carpenter, 1857. 
vare subnodoc:. Carpenter,1857. 


Terebra variegata Gr:y,1834. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama). 

Terebra balaconora Dall,1908.. ( Lower California), 

Terebra lucana Dall, 1908. ( Cape San Lucas) - 

Yercbra specillata Hinds, 1844.  ( San Bles, Panama). Cr near Mazatlan) 

Torebra tuberculosa Randa: 1844. ( San Blas to Panama) 
‘rebra ligyrus ‘us Pilsbry & Lowe,1932. ( Guaymas to Acapulco) 

Terebra ira Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932, ( Mazatlan) ( Gulf of Californi: ) 
er-bre. isopleura Pilsbry k Lowe , 19326 ( Mazatlan) 

Tr bra roperd Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. ( Mazatlan) 

T reLra malonoi Vanatta. ( Santa Rosalia) . 

furcira alata Hinds,1844, ( Central America). v7 

rte varicosa fiedee 1844, ( Central America) 

“\corctra radula Hinds, 1844, ( Central America) 

in Wauseon neta Pilsbry & Lowe,1932. ( Nicaragua) ( near Mazatlan) 
Tcrebra corintoensis Pilsbry & Lowe,1932. (Nicarngua) (Gulf. Calif,) (Panama 

Terebra sanjuancnsis Pilsbry « Lowe,1932. ( Costa Rica) 

Terebra, armillata_ Handr,1844. ( Acapulco,Nicaragua to Panama, Gulf Calis) 
Terebra aspera Spore Hinds, 1843, ( Acapule>, Panama to W. Colombia). 

Terebra panamensis Dall,1S08, ( Acapulco, Panama ) 

Terebra Terebra bridgesi Dali, 1308, ( Panama) . 

Jerebra paphia Bart- oh ( Ac-puleo) 

Terebra ¢racilents Li,1930. ( Panama) 

Terobra noila Pilsbry, 19316 ( Panama) 


( Panama) 


Terebra ornata Gray,1834. ( Cape Ban Lucas) ( Galapagos). 
Terebra frigata Hinds,1844, ( Galapagos) 
_ Terebra larvaeformis Hinds, 1843, ( Ecuador) 
“Terebra gemmulata Kfener, 1839. ( Chile) 
Terebra “Microtrypetes) dola Pils, & ape ( Me2ctlan) 
Terebra (Microtrypetes) polypenus Pils. Lowe ,1932. (iazatlan) 
Torebra (Microtryp7tos) SST Pils. & Lowe, 1932. ( Paneme)«. 
Torebra ( 7? Perirhoe) stylus Dall,1908,  ( pane 
Terebra (7) guoyrauilensis BA, Smith, 1880. ( Ecundor) 
Terebra ( Subula) rooscveltii Bartech,1939, ( Socorro Isiinc), 
Terebra glauca Hinds,16++ ( Panama) .. 
Terebra lictuosa Hinds, 1344. ( Gulf of Calif.) 
Terebra_incomparabilis Toshs,18596 ( Panama) 
Tcorebra galapagensis Nall. ( Albemarle Island). 


#48 Pe 20 May,1945. 
The following key to species of the genus Terebra is taken from 
Mre AeMs Strong's notebooks 


. Genus Terebra °°" "' 
Whorls with a sutur:l band sect off by A groove eee. Subgenus Striotercbrum. 
Lower whorls smodthH ‘except for 1ines of ‘growth 
« Band wide, groove a little above the middle. of the whorl 
ee Yellowish white, with arreguler vortical Axial chestnut stripes: ; 
136 x 32 mme Panama & GalapagoS seseceseoeseoe' Stripnta 
Reeve fig.s6 Sowerby ple61, figel0. Tryon ple a foods 


« Band narrow 

ee Last whorl globose’ or bulbous 

ees Whitish with DS shoal axial chestnut flames forming two obseurg 
spiral bands. 
138 x 30 mm San Blas = Panama seccecosesserenee rotvel’ 
Reeve sae 10 & 49, Sowerby ar 62, fig. 35. iy sree eee 


coos Secure band doubly’ crenated sessesseeesees varicty' eee iis* 
Reeve fige 15 Sowerby he fige 50 , 


«» Last whorl short, base contracted. 

eee Yellowish miles: three sp{ral. rows of chestnut rote 
88 x 24 mm GalapagosS cceoevdvvscvvvvesssccveseses OIN?it! 
Reeve figs 14 Sowerby pl.62, fig. 34 Tryon ple2, figecB 


purty 


a4 we 


Lower whorls with a spiral groove or cords 
« Guturnl band raised, more or less nodulose 
eo I'cdy whorl with a light peripheral band showing 28 a white lirs inside 
the aperture 
eee Adult shell stout and over 2 inches in length : 
eeveotulptured with spiral grooves and lines of growth only: or faint | 
nxial ribse 
eeooe White to bluish~gray, with. reddish or brownish inter nipted spots 
72 x16 mn Gulf'of Gnlidomnians sttces sane wiaes varie gata 
" Reeve fig. 12 Sowerby ple 63, figedse Tryon ply ea fig. 5. 


wun dt 


ei eet 


azecret 


eooe SCulptured with spiral grooves and Strong. axdal ive ; 

eeees Brownish, obscurely banded.and spotted . 
54 x 14 mm) Fanama to Golaprgos ecseceeeececeee armillata .. 
“Reeve fig. 12 Sowerby Pls oy pies 496 Tryon ee 2, figs. 21, 230. 


esee Sculpture nodulous, ath ee cords and axial ribe 

eoeee Three spiral rows of tubercles '” 

caceee Pale orange to dark: brown, variously maculated aa 
54 x 15 mm Panama to We Colombia seceseeoneee'rss, aspera 
Reeve figs 40 Sowerby ple oe, figs44 Tryon plel, figs? 


coer 4 


eeeoe Four spiral rows of tubercles, | mee eshce 
eoosee Reddish brown, faintly banded . peas 
40 x 11 mm Central America ( loc. doubtful) wv... rejula | (,...-5 


Reeve fig. 68 Sowerby pl.64, fige 95 Tryon ple7h Vir 77 


ree 


#48 pe 21 “Moy,1946 
ecece 3 to 5 Spiral rows of tubercles 
ecooves Of a general brownish’ tint 
' 2x6 mm Panama ( Probably young) e.-..0. pananeneie 
Bull. Muse Compe Zool. vol. 43, pe 250 


e»¢ Adult shell slender, less than 2 inches’ in length 
eeee Spiral sculpture of incised grooves 
ecees Sutural band nodulous on early whorls only 
ecceeee Axial ribs low but distinct i aa 
vlocecce Bluish white to yellowish brown, irregularly blotched 
32 x 6.5 mm Southern California ..se.e++. pedroana 
Bulle Muse Comps Zoole vole 43, pe 251 | 
ecceee Axial ribs reduced to mere lines of growth 
“variety . philippinarum 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ve 15 p. 394 as M.’ simplex Carpenter. 
.weeee Sutural band nodulous on all whorls 
eeeoee Spiral sculpture of 4-5 spiral grooves | 
eececee Axial ribs distinct on early whorls only 
eooceceseoe Purplish brown to olivaceous,sutural band whitish . 
40 x 8.5 mm Gulf of California .......... albocineta 
Mazatlan Catalogue 52 


eooceoe Axial ribs obsolete, spiral grooves strong 

ecccoeee Whitish, faintly spotted with reddish brown 
31 x 7 mm Gulf of California “ss<csccsse hindsii ( vars) 

i Mazatlan Catalogue # 451 — 


4 Pare 


eccceoe Axial ribs strong, spiral grooves faint _ 
essoeeee Uniform reddish brown, sutural band pale 
30 x 6 mm Gulf of California .....e.eeeee0 rufocinerea ( vare) 
Mazatlan Catalogue # 453 are 
pes? 
eceoees Surface faintly beaded — ; Fl YEON 
ecocoseoe Whitish, tinted with red-brown 
30 x 9 mme Gulf of California «......... subnodosa ( var.) 
Mazatlan Catalogue # 452 
eececee Axial ribs and spiral grooves distinct on all whorls . 
eeoereee Reddish white, red banded at base 
25 x 5 mme Central America essccecereeee elata 
Reeve fig. 128 
ce roceee Bhinine white ( a Ma cuneeun species) 
23 x 6 mme GalapagoS cesessccesesecceeeeee frigata 
Reeve fige 152 Sowerby pl. 64, fig. 71 Tryon pl.7, f.26 


eeoeea Spiral sculpture of about 6 grooves, 

esoeeee Axial ribs distant ( about 12 on body whorl) 

ecoeceoee Livid purple, whitish on ribs 
10.5 x 2-5 mm Panama wilate eo \e ole 60s: shove: cieiececetekeuevenere bridgesi 
Bulle Muse Comp. Zoole ve43, pe 253 


#48 pp. 22 May, 1945 


es Periphery and insid- of aperture without color band 

eee Axial ribs strong on all whorls: 

seoe Spiral sculpture of incised grooves 

ecoce Axial ribs only slightly waved 

ecvece Whitish, blotches of flesh color 
44 x 9 mm. . San Blas Ce ee specillata 
Reeve fe 76 Sowerby pl. 65, fige ate Tryon ple 7, f. 18 


coose Axial ribs strongly curved 

eceeese Pinkish white to rich browny unicolor 
58 x 12 mm Santr Elena,Heundor seccessenveee LAM ee rani 
_ Reeve f. 41, Sowerby ple 65, figs. 46,46 Tryon Eleé «0,66 


‘ eeee Spiral sculpture of raised cords ; 

eooeoe Spiral cords about 4 

eoeees Yellowish white, faintly banded with transparent flesh Pree 
52 x 13 mmMe eer ne Ceo oececeeeeoseseeese neve reeves places 


ae cee es me 


Reeve f. 76 Sowerby pl.63, f. 61 Tryon pls7, £220 


-eeees Spiral cords about 7 
esecee Flesh colored, with occasional brown flecks 
27 x 6 mme Lower California eccsscvccecsvcece balaenora, 
Bulle Muse Gompe Zoole Ve 43, Pe 252 


eeeec Spiral cords about 12 

eoreas Straw colored 
36 x 7 mm Cape San LuGas eoccccccunccvrovoeveeee LUCANA 
Bull, Mus. Compe ZOOl. Ve 43 » Pe 252 


- Sutural band nodulous, followed by a smooth band, then 3 spiral rows 
of nodes. 
ee Transparent csh, obscurely red spotted, purplish towards apex 
55 x 15 mm) San Blas to Panama esovececcscescoesens tuderculosa 
Reeve f. 61 Sowerby ple 63 figs 48 Tryon ple7, fe Sle 


e Sutural band with a double row of nodes, separated by a groove 
ee White, more or less handed with reddish brown 
45 x 12 mm GHiLG eww 56 6 vice aisle seis 000s leh oes wold a8 gemmulata 
Reeve fige 335 . : 


e Sutural band exesvated 

ee Axial ribs strong, whorls strongly rounded 

eee Variously purple = banded 
23 x 8 mm “Central America eeseeeseocecveserevese Wericosa 
Reeve fig. 120 Sowerby text ple 163 Tryon ple7, f, 12. 


’ 


#48 p 23 May, 1945 — ve 


Family CONIDAE wane 

Genus Conus Linnaeus,1758, os ( by subsequent designation, Chil~« 
~dren,1823), Corus marmoreus Linnaeus, ( fide Grant and Gale,1931, p. 
471).  Clench in Johnsonia, noe6, Ped states '" According to ipedaic 
(1950, p79), the ‘genotype of Conus is C. litteratus Linnaeus , desig 
“nated by Swainson ( 1940, Treat. Malace pe 148)¢ Howevery, we’ accept 
the ‘adviee of Dre Ae Myra Keen as follows (° Pere Comm, April,1945) * Ro 
the type of Conus: I have lovked up Iredale's statement but cannot concur 
with hime Children in 1823 pee enaeee Ce Rarmoreus in a perfectly valid 
_manner 0 far as I can determine." 
|“ -Stiell obconic, usually heavy and strong, generally ornamented 
with bright colors which are diffused, banded or spotted. Aperttre gen- 
“erally long and narrow with a simple lip. Whorls numerous, rather tightly 
coiled and moderately descending. . Inner whorls generally absorbed to a 
paper=-thinness. Sculpture when present ysually of a minor nature consist~ 
-ing of lqw.riblets which may be smooth or tuberculate. Periostracum 
thin to heavy and often sculptured to a moderate degree, Teeth relatively 
few, proportionately long and equipped with a poison gland.-This epara iss 
is capable of injecting an exceedingly powerful neurotaxin into its prey.* 
( Johnsoniae noe6, pe 3)0 


Conus californicus Hinds,1844, Farallone Islands, California: tb’ Ballenas 
Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico ( Dall). Type locality, Magdalena Bay, 
Lower California, Mexico in seven eee on a sandy floor®. ( fide 
Grant and Gale, pe 472). 

Collecting data: This is the only species of Conus in our fauna 
and is exceedingly common the length of the range being taken far up in 
all estuaries as wellas along the open ooast and down 3 at least 25 fath 
~oms. It seems to favor sand or gravel bottom when dredged rather ‘than 
mud and is found in more or less the ssme habitat littoral. The only 
thing of particular ‘interest in our experience with this species is 
that it seems to develop loool races of varying sizes and shapes. One 
jntarcating item is the phenomenal size of the specimens dredged off 
E1 Segundo, Calif. in 15 to 20 fathoms. The water there is hadly polluted 
by sewage from the great Los Angelea outfal swwer which has been causing 
60 much litigation and trouble, Incidentally the Recent specimens from 
this, locality are almost «# perfect fit for the fossil variety fossilis 
Oldroydse The species attains exceptional size in Morro Bay also,» Oth er 
localities produce consistently very small specimens, The color’ varies 
also. Of course, it is but one species, ( Burch), 

Mr. AeG. Smith reports on this species from Monterey * Fine large 
specimens ( as large as fossilis) live ot extreme low water in sand 
pockets between the rocks ht Monterey and Pacific Grove. Also dredged 
down to 16 fmse,in the Baye Dre Hanna is of the opinion that the large 
size of the El Begundo Conus is due probably not to the fact that it 
lives and waxes fat on the garbage, but rather on the other organisms 
attracted by the garbage and sewages. His ideas are based on a recent 
study of the radula of C, californicus.” 

Dr. A. Myra Keen also notes on this matter “ As to large specimens 
of Conus californicus: Mrs. Oldroyd labelled some as Cy, ce fossilis. 
Like mE Y of Mreé. Oldroyd's varieties, this one seems to be only ecolog- 
“ical.s 

The species is reported from San Martin Island, Lower California 
by Dr. Fred Baker. 


#48 De 246 Mpvetere 


The following list of species of. the pens Conus covering the 
entire west coast will be of interest to some of the members, This is 
taken from Mr. A.M. Strong's notebooks 


Genus Conus Linnaeus,1758 . 
Conus californicus Hinds, 1844, ( Farallones to Ballenas Lagoon). 
‘Conus onus arcuatus Be Bere oe 18296. ( Cerros Island to Panama) 
Conus _ tornatus “Broderip, 1833. ( Cerros Island to Ecuador) 
Conus 1u8 BealAris Vale ( Cerros Island’ to Panama) . 
Conus comptus Gould,1856 #- perplexus Sby. (-Cerros Island to Costa Rica) 
Conus annen: Fer Brod. & Sbye,1850+ ( Magdalena Bay to Peru) 
Conus mahogani Reeve, 1843. ( Magdalena Bay to Panema) 
Conus lucfdus Mewe, Woods 1828. ( Magdalena Bay to Galapagos) 
Conus purpurascens ’ Sowerby 1833. ( Magdalena Bay to Peru) 
Conus princeps Linnseus,1758. (. Gulf of Calif. to Peru) 
Conus gladiator Brovenie ase.  ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) (Ecuador) 
Conus _ brunneus ineus ( Mawe ) Wood,1828. ( Gulf of Calif. to Ecuador) 
Conus nux Broderip,1833. ( Gulf of Calif. to Ecuador) 
Conus Incurvus Brod. 7? <- recurvus Brod. (Gulf of Calif. to Ettador) 
Conus gradatus ( Mawe) wood,l628. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) *‘ 
Conus regularis Sowerby, 18416. ( Gulf of Calif. to’ Panama) 
Conus dispar Sowerby,1841, ( Gulf of California) 
Conus dalli Stearns ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) 
Conus | ednphus | Dall ( Gulf of Calif. to Central America) 
Conus archon Broderip,1833. ( Gulf of Calif. to Central America). 
Conus emarginatus | Reeve,1843. ( Acapulco,Mex. to Eoundor) 
Conus vittatus. TRAE STE AIL eray 1792. ( Aozpuleo to Panama) 
Conus pyriformis Reeve’ ( Central America). ‘ 
Conus Gs feF gusonl Sowerby ,1875 ~- xanthicus Dall (Central America to 
Panama) ( Mazatlan Bay, West Mexico). 


Conus ximenes Gray,1839 _( Acapulco; Panama to Peru) (Punta Penasco) 
Conus seriphus Dell,1911 or 10 ( Panama) 

Conus nus vergatus Reeds ( Gulf of Calif. to Ecuador) 

Conus tiaratus Broderip ( Galnpagos) : 
Conus_signae B: Bartsch,1939,. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) 

Conus magdalensis Bartsch & Rehder . ( Magdalena Bay) 

Conus recurvus Brode ( West Mexico) 


toe 


Prrtererrrerettrrrr ef 


The following key to the species of the genus Conus {is taken from 
Mr. Asie Strong's notehook, 


Genus Conus 
Shoulder of the whorls tubereulate 
» Tubercles on early whorls: only 
ee Whitish, tinged with flesh color - 
. (5 mts Central America qesscvasivveesrecncevseee pyriformis 

_ Reeve, figs 70 


« Tubercles becoming faint on the body whorl 
e+ Brownish, orange or pink, with darker oxiel stripes 
60 mm Gulf of Calif. TO POL aeecvcccsscteccecae princeps 
; Reeve, fig» 36a 


#48 pe 25 May,1945 


«» Brown, with axial streaks and obscure central spiral band of white 
40 mme Gulf of Calif. to Panama @eoavoeeveeevee e000 gladiator 
Reeve, fige 127 


» Tubercles distinct on all whorls 
es Brownish, with one or two spiral bands of white spots 
' 40 mme Gulf of Calif, to Ecuador ecosecsr,ceceeeceee Drunneus 
Reeve, fig. 72 


oe White, with two spiral bands of dark blotches, base and lower end of 
aperture purple. 
25 Mme Ballenas Lagoon to Panama seeccoesseccrsveser nux 
Reeve, fig. 110 


ee Pale rose color with a few brown spots 
Panama to Peru eesesseeersevscccsseesvesecese Ximenes 
Reeve, fige 224 


Shoulder of the whorls carinated 
e Spire much elevated 
es White, with broad waved brown streaks 
Acapulco to Hcusdor ecosvccceccveececessvee Omarginatus 
Reeve, fig. 152 


e» Whitish, marbled and streaked with chestnut 
40 mme Cerros Island to Panama ‘seeseeseseeeeeeee arcuatus 
Reeve, 77 b 


ee Brownish white, with spiral rows of dark dots and two faint darker 
spiral bands 
25 mme ‘ Cerros Island to Ecuador evecesecseveesee tornatus 
Reeve, fig. 68 


« Spire relatively short > 
e» Livid flesh color, spotted and clouded with brown 
-25 mme Gulf'of Calif. to Ecuador seseeceseeeveeees Ancurvus 
Reeve, fig. 158 


ee Yellowish white, with zigzag brown streaks and a lighter central band 
55 mM oe Panama @eoeeveeevoevaveeeeoevoereeveeeeeveorevreeeewneaeee @ scariphus 
Proc, U.S Nolin 38-225 


Shoulder of whorls not nodulous or carinatec 
« Spire elevated, with a concave outline 
e» Whorls sharply tabulated, forming a turrites spire 
eee Yellowish white, with brown axial stripes and a narrow white central 
band a 
75 mme Cerros Island to Panama ssseesccvevecccees scalaris 
Tryon, ve6, pe 3d nes 


eee White with reddish browm axial clouding 
Gulf of Calif. to Panama eile e's oo blob slew rea gradatus 
Reeve, fige 149 


# 48 pe 26 May, 1946 


Shoulder of whorls not nodulous or ecarinated, continued a 
« Spire eleveted, with a concave outline, continued 
es Whorls broadly, rather flatly tabulated 
eos Whitish, stained and banded with brown spots 
60 mme Mazatlan to Panama ‘éeccscseccsccceneevee repularis . ‘ 
Reeve, fige 146 OS tee 


see. More slender, with smaller and more distant spiral rows of squarish 
brown spots 
5.) mms Magdalena Bay to Peru soeeceeevesesvseeee monilifer 
Reeve, figs 144 es 


eee Spire much shorter, with obsoure indications of paler spiral bands 
Gulf of Calif. @@oeonveeeedoopeveeoeereoenevese@ dispar 
Sowerby, tea Livi. aC 


is Waris wecrone: sloping or rounded 
eve Whitish, with longitudinal olouds and close spiral rows of small 
anesthe spots. 
Magdalena Bay to Panama sesesecceeeevrees mahogani 
Reeve, figs. 125 & 126 
eee Shell stouter, with the spiral markings tending toward an anterior 
and posterior band 
30 mm. ‘ Cerros Island to Costa Rich pessccessceerer eee 
Reeve, fige 116 


» Spire low, convex or flat sided 
ee Whorls channeled between shoulder and suture 
eee Shell uniformly white or light colored 
140 MMe Central America CCCCHHOE FOTO HO OL OL EHO TO OOE forgusont 
Tryon, vol, 6G, ps i5 


eve Clouded with white or violaceous and brown or olive 
75 mme Magdalena Bay to Peru eecoocsecoesceesovesos purpurascens 
- Reeve fige 106 


eoe White, with broad brownish yellow areas forming three bands 
42 mme Guaymas to Panama ecrsececcvcescscrecceeeseres xanthiocus 
Proc, UsSeNeMe 38 Pe 225 


ee Whorls not channeled 
eos Color pntern of close, regular markings 
eees Yellowish brown, with . b¢own axial stripes and four rows of white 
spots 
55 mne Gulf of Calif. to Panama secsecvecceoevveces Galli 
Tryon, £66, Pe Gl. 


esos White, reticulated with brown lines 
60 mm. Magdalena Bay to Galapagos ovoeverseevcevees lucidus 
Reeve, fige 62 


i 48 pe 27 May, 1945 


ecoe Waxen white, with spiral bands of alternating red and white spots 
edaphus 


25 MMe Gulf of California ®@esvsevevev vo eeevneoeeveoveen pee @ 
Proc. U.S.N.M. 38 Pe 226 


eve Color patern irregular or indistinct 
eeoe Pink brown, with axial maculations and spiral rows of brown leaving 


a central light band 
50 mme © Acapulco ‘COM RONAN s ele) olotels eleleleleieicieieve 6 vittatus 
Reeve, fig. 75 


esos White, with irregular brow streaks and a few brown spiral lines 
60 mmMe Mazatlan to Central America CeCe oe eee eo e LLC® archon 
Proc. U.S NM. 38 pe 223 


eeoe Brown, with small, irregularly placed white spots 
Farallones to Ballenas Lagoon esscesceceeee californicus 


50 mme 
Reeve, fig. 224 
TTT Tr eT ire roererrrrercrerro ety 


Family TURRIDAE 
* Note* Inasmuch as Dre Paul Bartsch is working on his monograph of 


this family, and Dr. Bartsch has written that it will not be long delayed, 
we have elected to by-pass this group for the time being and return to 
it later hoping that Dr. Bartsch's work will be by then completed. 


#48 p 28 May, 1945 
Mytilus edulis dicgensis , new subspecies 

By Dre Wesley Re Coe, The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La 
Jolla, California. 

I was much interested in the discussion in the minutes of the Conch 
“ological Club, Noe 36, relative to the status of the species of Mytilus 
which has become so abundant along our coast in recent years. It was 
first found on the pier of the Scripps Institution in August,1943. In 
the early summer of 1944 there were extensive colonies covering all 
suitable situations on the piles, on ropes and boxes suspended from the 
pier, 28 well as on many of the rocks in the vicinity. Most of these 
colonies failed to survive the summer but a few still remain. 

After culturing the newly arrived Mytilus in experimental boxes 
for a year anda half and studying large collections from a variety of 
habitats from San Pedro to the Mexican border, I have come to the concl= 
-usion that this is not an introduced species in spite of its behavior. 

I have compared hundreds of shells of all ages with some that were coll- 
~ected near San Diego many years ago and can find no consistent differ- 
~ences. But I do find differences between this form and the typical 
introduced M, edulis of San Francisco Bay and M. edulis trossulus of 
Puget Sound. Our southern form is in my opinion an endemic subspecies 

of Me. edulis previously unrecognized as such. This I am calling M. edulis 
diegensis. it is distinctly different from M. grayanus and from all the 
subspecies of Me edulis or other species described in the recent mono= 
«graph by Lamye 

A rapidly fluctuating population such as is well known to occukt with 
M. edulis in other localities and as we know for Donax and other mollusks 
may, perhaps, explain the sudden increase to such vast numbers. 

JE OIC IDIR IOI UIIOIDI I IO I IO AGI 

The Mytilus discussed above was figured in Minutes # 36, pe6 and 
the dnta given on pages 8,9. In Minutes # 41, pages 7 to 13, Mre Allyn 
De Smith covered the problem at length. 

EK Re OK Ok OK EO 

Correctionsand Additions 

Minutes # 48, p.9. Pleurobranchus californicus Dall,1900. Mr. A.G. Smith 
reports the following: "11 mis mn. of Fort Bragg; 1 specimen. Beach at 
Pacific Grove, 2 specimens. Breakwater, North Island ( San Diogo), 12 
specimense A rare species found under rocks at low tide.” 
Minutes # 47, pe 10. Acteon punctocoelata Carpenters Mr. W.Ke Emerson 
reports it from Point Loma, San Diego Co, 
Minutes # 47, pe 12= Acteocina culcitella ( Gould),1852. Mr. WeKe Emerson 
reports this species from Mission Bay. 
Minutes # 47, pe 15= Coleophysis carinata ( Carpenter),1857. W.Ke Emerson 
reports this from Mission Bay, San Diego Co. 
Minutes #43, pe27~ Solen sioarius Gould,1850,. Mr. Morris &. Caruthers 
reports tnking this speoles a mile inside Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co. 
Minutes # 43, pe 27. Ensis californicus Dall,1899- Mr. Morris E, Caruthers 
reports taking this species In Newport Bay and also in Mission Bay. 
Minutes # 43, pve 27,28 Siliqua lucida(Conrad),1837-e Mr» Morris Eo 
Caruthers reports taking this species in Mission Bay, Newport Bay and also 
from one mile inside Morro Bay. 


#48 p 29 May, 1945 
Dre Pavid Te Jones, Uniwersity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. bs Please 
change the address on the copies of the * Minutes of the Conchological 
Club of Southern California” that you are sending to me-- to 
E.J. Roscoe, 2364 So. 9th St., East, Salf Lake City (5), Utah. 

T shall be on leare of absence from the University of Utah, starting 
soon now, end Mre Roscoe will be in charge of the Mollusca in the Inverte~ 
-brate Museum here. Thanking you for making the change, “ 

Frofessor T.D.A. Cockerell, 908 19th St., Boulder, Colorado. Prof, Cockerell 
has been spending the winter in charge of the Desert Museum, Palm Springs, 
Calif. He has sent us an interesting paper reprinted from * The Museum 

News, Jan. 1,1945 entitled ® Small Museums in the West®, An extract from 
his letter is interesting ® We leave here on May 15 for Colorado... I have 
just finished a rather long paper on the Colorado Desert of California to 

be published by the Kansas Academy of Science ( Lawrence, Kansas) in June. 

It includes a discussion of the shells of Lake Cahuilla (Pleistocene). 

Mrs. C.E. Peavey, 1499 N.W. 39th St., Miami 37, Florida, We are very glad 

to add Mrs. Peavey's name to our mailing list and welcome her to our eircle. 
Edward P. Burch, Minnesota Museum of Natural History, University of Minne~ 
-sota, Minneapolis 14, Minnesota, ° You may hereafter send the Minutes of 
the Conchological Club of Southern California to my new address where I 

hate hcen located for several years as Curator of Conchology; and am now 
engaged in bringing the shell collection up to date, so far as nomenclature 
is concerned. Many of our 29,000 shells are 60 to 70 years old and represent 
an accumulation. During the past winter I have been in Cuba, working with 

Dr. de la Torre on a complete set of the Polymita and on other Cuban shells, 
Your very stimulating minutes are greatly appreciated, because they record 

a lot of painstaking work,” 

Mr. E.P. Baker,417 S. Downey Ave., Downey, Calif. We were glad to hear from 
Wed again and assume that he is recovering from his recent operation in good 
order. He writes * May I call your attention to the April number of “Nature” 
Magazine if you hare not already seen it. The article by Dr. Palmer is of 
West Coast Shells, also see his * school page" toward the back of the maga 
-zine where he introduces John Burch and the Minutes, The article on “Shell- 
~craft°and other notes in the back section are of interest,” 

Professor H.B. Stenzel, Geologist, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University 
of Texas, University Station, Box B, Austin 12, Texas. ® If you by any chance 
have shells of species of Ostrea or Lopha available, I would appreciate 
having a chance of obtaining them, pteferably by purchase." Ifa any of 

the members have duplicate material in these groups please send them to 

our correspondent. Our own duplicates have beens o wel] picked over that 

we have little left worth while, 

Mrs. Carroll Hodge, Glynwydd, Ithan, Pa, ° Please send me a list of some 

af your west coast shells for exchange. Have a good assortment of shells from 
all over Florida.". Members interested in exshanging will please note. 

Miss Katherine Lannon, 19 E. Mission St., Santa Barbara, Calif. Interested 
in shells pertaining to elementary education. 

Mrs. Fiske Warrcn, 8 Mt. Vernon Blase, Boston, Mass. In a personal letter to 
Thomas s. Burch recently Mrs. Warren expressed her desire for several dozen 
paits of deeply colored Pecten hericius, all ages. Perhaps some of our mem 
-bers round Puget Sound will be able to take care of this. None of us from 
Southern California have beena ble to collect these for several years. Mrs. 
Warren inclosed an interesting paper ° Symbolism,Design and Education® and 
Suggested that we visit the shell collection on view at the Santa Barbara 
Museum of Art. If any of our members attended we Would like to hear about it. 


#48 p 30 May, 1945 

Dr. Paul Bartsch, Curator Division of Mollusks and Cenozoic Invertebrates, 
Smithsonian InStitution, United States National Museum, Washington 25, 
D.Ce 

Your package containing the type of the species described by you 
came to hand almost simultaneously with the minutes. We, of course, are 
extremely happy that you made the U.S. National Museum the repository 
for these specimens. We have assigned to them the following catalogue 
numbers: . 


434052 Nuculana penderi redondoensis J.Q. Burch 
434053 Cardita redondoensis J.Q. Burch 

434051 Macoma morroensis Te. Burch 

434054 Bulla esteroensis J.QBurch 


It will interest you to hear that I prepared, a little while ago, a 
paper on the mollusks of the Pacific world for the New York Zoological 
Society which contains sixteen plates. This is being published by Mac~ 
-millan Company in bound form, and by the Infantry Journal in paper 
cover. The two are supposed to come out simultaneously sometime in May," 

OR OR OR ORR OK FOR 
Mr. Ae Sorensen, 247 Granite St., Pacific Grove, Calif. We were indeed 
sorry to hear that Andy's proposed excursion to Mexico had to be postponed 
for another year. But we are very happy to conform to his request that we 
send capies of our minutes to, 
Mr. George Pattison, 68 Partridge St., Glenley, South Australia. 
Dr. Bek. Bales, 149 West Main St., Circleville, Ohio. % Dear John: Just 
back from a fine winter's collecting an the Fla. Keys. Found five numbers 
of Minutes waiting for me andas soon as I had most of the winter's take 
unpacked, began several hours good reading. No use talking, they are gett~- 
-ing better and better all the time and I am sure you are accomplishing 
a really great task. I like Tom's drawings= they give me an adequate pic= 
-ture of the shell parts depicted. 

We had a very successful winter and I brought home a lot of loot. We 
were eStablished at Marathon, on Key Vaca, and worked north from there 
to Conch,Grassy,Bonefish, and Lower Matecumbe Keys; working south, we had 
Ohio,Missouri,Bahia Honda, and Little Duck Keys. I have collected in the 
region so often that 1 knew about where to go and when to go to the various 
Keys, though I did a lot of my collecting back of our cottage ( Boot Key 
Harbor) where 1 took the festive mollusk the hard way-- by screening. Most 
of the material to taken has not yet been identified, but I mm sure that 
I have some good things in the lot. We were fortunate in taking specimens 
cf Cancellaria reticulata adeleae Pilsbry at Little Duck Key. These are 
plenty rare and I think none have been taken at any other plage on the Keyss 
I am sure that there are less than two dozen know in collections, so all 
are locatypes Pry Pilsbry°and Tom McGinty are working on a series of papers 
to appear: in. boinc future numbers of the’ Néutiluss They are working on the 
y little fellers}~ Chéjostema’ ote. and tom is making some wonderful, drawe 
-ings to illustrate the ‘articles, Hnve had a rather successful Cypraca. 
caacae nas quite a few Cypraen exenthema, C. exanthema cervus, one lohely 

ypraea cinerea, a couple dozen Cypraea a punceley Se et surel 
Tittle beauties when alive. Collected wit Tom McGinty and Mr. and ieee 
Rolph Humes at Night with gasolene lanterns on Peanut Ysland jn the north~ 
-crn ond of Lako Worth. Plenty of imature Tonna galea, Archetectonica 
granulata, Hydatina vesicaria, Cassis gibbus and the like. We left Boyntm 
at about eleven P.M. and were back home in time for breakfast the next mar ~ 


“ninge Day collecting at the same place gave us plenty of Cypraea spurca, 


#48 p 31 May, 1945 
Trivia pediculus, Oliva sayana, Murex pomum, Conus mus, Tellina interrupta, 
Witra nodulosa, Strombus pugilis, Strombus raninus nanus, and many other 
good thingsse 
Collecting in Miami was good. A dozen and a half “yprecs exanthema — 
and cervus,Pecten imbricatus, a beautiful white Pecten mildredi, four 
varieties of Lima, and © sich®. 
Our son finally got a broak, He was stationed away up on the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence where the temperature often got down to 40 below zero. He is 
now stationed at Bermuda and I em hoping to see some shells rolling in 
from thore some of those days.® 
Mr. Fred 8. Webber, 271 Maple Ste, Holyoke, Mass. “® I enjoy the Minutes 
and am glad to help a bit. Just back from Fla. Had a good visit with 
Doc Bales- Ralph Humes and Ted Dranga.® 
L.M. Wright, CEM, USN, 418 Plaza Hotel, Miami, Fla. We are sorry that he 
ast issue of out Minutes arrived in poor condition, If any others get 
them torn please advise us, We mail the things the easiest waywhich is 
flat but if they are not getting through perhaps we had better start 
rolling them again. Thanks for the following bouquet ® Your key to small 
gastropods of the W. coast as reprinted from Strong,1934 is splendid. All 
we need on the E, coast is someone to do the same for our side.” 
Sociedad Malacologica * Carlos De La Torre, Apartado 2634, Habana,Cuba, 
We are honored to send them a file of our Minutes. The * Revista" publish- 
-ed by this organization is a splendid booklet. Tho plates are very good. 
All interosted in building up a conchological litrary should subscribe. 
The price we understand is $2.50 per yoar. 
Mr. WeJe ver 7531 19th Ave., NeE., Seattle 5, Wasp. sends a clipping 
rom The Seattle Times, April 12,1945 that is very interesting indeed. 
The article is by Robbin Coons, Dateline: Pacific and entitled " Seeker 
of Seashells Helps Yanks Find Way on Okinawa®. Associated Press Foreign 
Staff. Okinawa,April 1.-- ( D, Bay)--( Delayed)-- A 62 year old scientist 
with an ingrown passion for sea shelis- and for anonymity played a strike 
“ing role in today's American invasion of this island ® front porch" to 
the Japanese homeland. Tall, lank, mellow and full of tales of his 48 years 
in the Pacific, he is along with the invasion forces~- a civilian in unif- 
-orm who says he would gladly have paid $5,000 for the priviledge of join- 
-ing the invasion fleet. * And I'm gotting paid for it" he chuckled, his 
bald forehead wrinkling. He Was There Before. It was his years-old quest 
for rare shells that led him in 1932 to spend a vacation of several months 
combing the sandy shores of this island which is the most daring Americm 
objective in the Pacific war to date, His visit there has enabled him to 
give invasion planners the benefit of his observations concerning the 
terrain, the natives, the flora and fauna to be encountered. But dont 
print my name", ho pleaded. ™ Some folks like publicity, but I- I'm crazy 
maybe, but I can't stand it. And I mean it.® This, however, can be said . 
He is a native of Cooperstown,Griggs County, N.D.,and he left home when 
he was 14 years old, in 1897, for Hawaii. Japs Interned Hime He tas cm- 
-centrated on thes tudy of mollusks ( ma lacology) and his quest for scim- 
~tifically valuable specimens has taken him to islands and atolls all over 
the Pacific, For 20 years- to support his quest, which is more a “disease” 
than a hobby with him, he affirms~ he taught English at a Japanese Univ- 
~orsitye And one of the islands he visited, and found rich in malacologi- 
~cal treasures, was Okinawa. On December 8,1941, he was arrested without 
explanation and kept in solitary confinement in a Japanese prison, unaware 
that Japan and. America were at war until the following June, when he was 
released for exchanges. His collection of 300,000 shells, representing 
13,000 different species of mollusks, is hela jUintly with a 78 year old 


#48 p 32 May,1945 

partner he met in Hawaii soon after he reached there in 1897, It will go 
eventually to one of three museums of natural history societies with 
which he is affiliated. His faded blue eyes gleam when he talks of shells. 
® I can look at a beach and twll whether there's anything worth while on 
it,® he said. “I've taken all the good shells from Okinawa already, my 
last trip. To me a shell is more fascinating than a beautiful woman.* 
Natives Docile. Natives of Okinawa, according to his observations, are 
likely to prove docile unless ordered toresist by their Japanese masters. 
They are accustomed to obedience, blind end unreasoning. Most of them 
are frugal but rather shiftless,snd diseases are commone The principal 
city, Naha, is primitive, more like a Chinese city than Japanese. The 
main industry is lacquer, Okinawa's lacquer work being world=-noted. But 
the ardent malacologist does not bear out the island's reputation for 
poisonous reptiles. ® The only snakes I saw,” he says, " were in the 200%. 

Eyerdem trics to solve the puzzlo of " Who is this man?"%, He says 
* My guess gs that either he or his partner are Langford from Honolulu. 
I remember when he went to Japan to look for shells right after the 
great carthquake in 1923 and he found a number of ne Spe on the raised 
beaches.” Mr. Eyerdam also mentions that he is completing a large exch~ 
“ange of over 400 species with Mr. Moses of England which reminds the 
editor here that he owes Mr. Moses a box of shells. 
Mr. Henry Dodge, 6 Rochambeau Road, Scarsdale, N.Y. “ You are doing a 
great ab and giving splendid service to conchologists not only on the 
coast but the country over. I hope some day to be ablo to contribute notes 
of value to the minutes, but for the present I am ... of Facific Coast 
species... I have retired from active business,and soon perhaps I will 
be coming to Southern California to live and, of course, will be a member 
of your club. Mrs. Dodgeand I are really considering the idea, when the 
war is over. ® It is needless to add that we will be happy indeed to 
welcome Mr.and Mrs. Dodge to sunny California and encourage them in their 
collection here, 
Mrs. E. Morehouse, 23 Queen's Road, Doncaster, Yorkshire,Enfland. * Thank 
you for the " Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California”, 
I think the minutes are a marvelous collection of useful information and 
just what is wasted. I hope this war will soon be over and we can resume 
some of our activities as it takes all of my time to carry on. I miss 
my foreign mail very much. Here is wishing you quch successand a great 
futuree I would like a Polymita necklace, and a few specimens. I have a 
necklace from NeZ. etce 

Perhaps Ted Dranga will see the above. Ted did have about the most 
gorgeous Polymita ornaments I have ever seen. 


Glenn E. Harger, 1332 Menlo Ave., Los Angeles 6, Calif. * Yes. I would 
be glad to receive the minutes of the olub meetings. War time has taken 
so much time that shell hunting and trading has been held in abeyance. 

I am enclosing $1.00 to defray part of the mailing expenses. I had hoped 
that our local soeiety would send us membership sards upon the paying 
of dues- as set by the society members.” 

VeC.e Cortell, Berry Creek, Calif. % I just completed a two year contract 
in Pearl Harbor and while there became very interested in shells. On my 
return a few weeks ago, I wrote to the American Museum of Natural Hist- 
“ory to Dr. Miner and to Mr. Perry A. Morris of New Haven for names of 
dealers and in addition to dealers both mentioned your name as witha 
group of collectors. I knew of you alrwady from Lieutenant Brookshire 
from Southern California with whom I had made trips in Honolulus.eee® 

We cordially welcome Mre Cortell and hope that he will find it 
possible to mect with us and become personally acquainted. He will, of 
course receive the Minutes. 


Jeo p vo luicy gtdad 
Mrs. E. Whyte, 58 Campbcoll Road, Onchunga S5-E 5, Auckland, New Zealands 
Wo rogrct to report that Mrs. Whyte has been having trouble with her eyos 
and has been unable to do eny collecting. “ I am sending Mrs. Burch a 
small broach made from Pana shell, Our returned soldiers make them. They 
are very nice and I hope she likes it. If at any time you should havo a 
red Spondylus or any spare shells I should be very pleased to receive 
them. A young soldier from your place used to come to my place when the 
Americans wore camped in New Zealand and I can tell you he was a credit 
to his mother and father. His name was Charles Koonge and his mothers 
address is Mrs. Georgo Koonge, 3303 N. Mariposa Awe., Los Angelese “eee 
Ge Clifford Carl, Office of the Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. * I re~ 
=-gret we are unoble to supply you with a copy of Dall's paper “ Notice 
of some new or interesting species of shells from British Columbia and 
tho adjacent region”, Natural History Society of B.C., Bulletin No.2,1897. 
The only available copy that I know of is in the Provincial Library, this 
city. 

We recently had an inquiry regarding these Bulletins from the Allm 
Hancock Foundation, the University of Southern California, who, I believe, 
are arranging to borrow the papers in order to have photostatic copies 
made. You might enquire of the possibility of getting such a copy through 
them. It was Miss Irene McCulloch who made the enquiry. 

May I compliment you on your recent ° Minutes” which we have lately 
received.® 
Pfc. Charles B. Leo, 2143 AAFBU, Sq. "A%, T.A.A.F. Tuskegee, Alabama. 

WT have been meaning to break my long cessation of correspondence with 
you, but there is so much to do for the Army that personal pursuits unfor= 
-tunately have to be placed in second category. 

I have, however, been in receipt of your excellent minutes and as 
the different issues arrive, I realize more than ever the greatness of 
their scopé. I have recently received a few boxes of shells from Salifar- 
-nia and I hasten to add that the minutes have been of immeasurable help 
in the identification of the shells from the boxes of drift that I find 
so interesting. 

Last night I removed a small box of the Epitonium hindsii from the 
drift. When viewed under the lens the shells have the same quality of the 
magnificent pretiosa. 

My brother in New Guinea has sent a box of shells. Twas good that he 
chose to send only heavy quality specimens because the box was a Sorry 
affair when it finally arrived here. The beaches are scoured for specimens 
by the fellows and the G.I. s seem partial to the Cats Eyes. He sent 8 
splendid opercula in addition to a Turbo that i have not had the opport- 
-unity to look up for identification. A few of the C. annulus and intermedia 
comprise the lot and that was about all that he was able to send this time. 
I am hoping for better pickings in the next box. 

Some time ago I began to think about the fate of the Calvert Shell 
Collection that was the rage of the New York conchological world about 6 
years agoe In all of the intervening years that I have been to New York 
City I have been unable to loeate a trace of the collection with all of 
its wonders. So I am asking as a favor that you place a request that any 
one with knowledge of the collection contact me at the address in Buffelo. 
I would so like to get at the collection once more. Some of the finest 
shells I was able to get came from that collection. 

In addition would you recommend a good reference book on the shells 
of the West Coast. I have quite a few and the Josiah Keep that I have pub- 
-lished in '95 is not comprehensive enough in & cope. 

The enclosed stamps are to help with your work. Could you send a few 


#48 p 34 May, 1945 
pack copies to Professor William P, Alexander, 44 Ravenwood Terrace, 
Williamsville, New York. I sent him word of the workand he mentioned the 
fact that he would like to see a few of the copies,” 

I think we can answer Mr, Lee here. If not available to him perhaps 
he should purchase the four volumes of Ida Shepard Oldroyd's * The Marine 
Shells of the West Coast of North Amorica.” The price bound in cloth is 
$10.00. 

PESCELOCLECL ES EL ES EET SERS TELE ESE SESS 
MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA- May,1945- 

The Conchological Club of Southern California met at the usual time 
and ‘place Sunday, May 6,1945 at 2:30 P.M. 

* There were present 16 old members and our two associate members 
whom we are glad now to have on the active list, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Ro 
Turver,8649 Evergreen Aves, South Gate, Calif. 

New active members do not come in very often of late due to war 
activities and gas shortages. 

Some discussion took place but there were no motions made and no 
reports of committees, so the program of study was taken up, proved unus= 
“ually interesting, and closing time came all too soon. The discussions 
on the subject matter studied willl be found elsewhere in the minutes. 

Effie Me Clark, Secretary. 
DEKH SHH WHE HHS KE KGS SEHK SE HH EE 
IMPORTANT NOTICE~ ##¢82 Before the war we met in the evenings. Due to 
defense precautions, black outs etc. we began meeting Sunday afternoons. 
The question now is whether or not to return to meeting in the evenings . 
There is no doubt that some of the members prefer each time and it is 
suggested that all active members mail their preference of the meeting 
time to the editor. In this way we can get a fair statement of opinion 
from the entire membership. 
PEP PEELE EEE RL ES TEES EE Et 
Mrs. Lillias F. Cockerill, Sanibel, Florida. *” I was astonished to find 
that Mre. Schwengol took exception to my statement that I thought many 
of our shells had been buried by the hurricane. I know that along the front 
of my beach cottage hollows of several feet deep were filled in and for 
hundreds of yards the beach is now several feet above the level of the 
road which crosses our lots between the buildings and the water. Of course, 
some littoral sells have emerged and have been very good but all winter 
visitors here agree that the shelling has been the poorest in many years. 
As to the zic zac Pectens, I do not think any family on the island has 
found more than 4 dozen in six months. A large bed of these Pestens was 
torn up and immediately after the hurricane many washed ashore on beaches 
south of us but fow heree I tried for several months to get in touch with 
someone who had found a number of them and who was willing to sell, and 
eventually found a fisherman some 40 miles away who sold me all he had. 
Now I have a good supply of them but most of the holders if willing to 
sell at all would only sell one and that without any selection being allow- 
~ede A case of $2. and take what you get. Well I am sending you one, but 
I am afraid you cannot pick it out» I will not make a special selection 
as to color but will send one without imperfections. I may state that 
while Dr. Perry and Dr. Maxwell Smith both describe the Pecten zic zac 
as having a white lower valvo many of mine are deeply colored, but are 
unquestionably zic zac.* 


5 Ntea 8 
Ved tsi 


#48 p 35 May, 1945 


MINUTES OF THE LONG BEACH SHELL CLUB- May,1945 

The Way 13th meeting of the Long Beach Shell Glub was called to order 
by the president, Mr. E.P. Baker, who introduced the visitors. Reports were 
made of Mrs. Ulrich's exhibit of shells in the Lomita school, of Mr. Baker's 
First Prize for his shell exhibit at the Downey Kiwanis Club Hobby Show. Mr. 
Ulrich reported on collecting near Naples. 

Dr. HeR. Hill, of the Los Angeles Museum, introduced by Miss Rogers, 
program chairman, told of the very fine exhibit of minerals and gem stones 
open to the public in the Museum this month,and then took as his subject 
* Mollusksand Their Uses.” 

One of the most important uses of shells isas a hobby, providing rest 
and relaxation. Many institutionsa re using this hobby for the hospitalized. 
Australia is employing shell study for soldiers, as is the Birmingham Hospdt J 
in Van Nuys. He mentioned a paper written by Dre Merrill Moore of Harvard, 
which gives the modern shell classification, tells about each family, and is 
used ina hospital in Connecticut. 

Geologists in the oil industry, by examination of hhe coro in oil drill- 
“ing, can tell of the presence of o11 sand. 

Some of the practical uses of shells areas money for buying, trading or 
oxchanging.s Some shells so used are the money Cowry of the south Pacific, the 
tusk and Olivella, and abalaone cut-outs of west coast Indians, and the quahog 
of the Atlantic. Tho natives of Now Guinea made cut-outs of Spondylus and Gly- 
-cymcris, and used these to buy a bride, the monoy value differing according 
to shape und colore Decorated armlets were traded for necklaces, and these 
were often handed down ina family. 

Dre Hill showed arm bands, anklets, and head bands from New Guinea and 
Hawaii. Moonshells were attached to a strip of cocoanut bark. One band which 
shone like metal was made from the center of the chambered Nautilus of the 
Philippines. Horse and elephant trapings in India weres hell dcorated. In 
New Guinea the pearl oyster was used for a fish hook, a shiny one to attract 
the fish and a dark one for catching. This dark one was swallowed by the fish. 
Cypraea mauritiana was also used hore, weighted down with a rock to attract 
the Octopus. A broken Cowry shell served as knife to scrape bread fruits Cone 
sholls with the topcut off were woven into an ornament of the breast. The 
Triton's trumpet makes a good horn, while the clam like window pane shells 
cut square and inserted in a wood frame let light into the natives home. 

In our own country the button industry at Muscatine, Iowa, uses river 
shells, while the south sea mother of peark provides more beautiful material 
for the pearl button factory. 

On the Gulf of Mexico fences and fence posts may be made of coquina 
composed of the Donax group cemented together by nature. The crushed Louisima 
oyster is used for road work, and at Santa Margarita the fossil Ostrea titan 
is mined and crushed for chicken feed and fertilizer, 

The animal inside the shell is often a source of food, important ones being 
the clam, abalone, oyster, and mussel. Helix aspersa and pomacea, raised in 
sniileries in Europe, are fattened on grain and used especially during lent. 
The south African Acatina in its six inch long shell, is roasted in the fire 
and makes a satisfying morsel. Shell fish in our state are protected by law 
to provent their destruction, 

Another early uso of sholls in the days of Tyreand Sidon, was forthe 
purple dyes used in the robes of Roman emperors. Holes in rocks along the coast 
where the Murex brandearis was crushed to produce the dyo retained both the 
purple color, and the accompanying odor. Purpura patula has been used by the 
native Mexicans, The ladder, or wandletrap,and the pelagic purple snail give 


#48 p 36 May, 1945 
off colores Wihen questioned as to thc use of the Octopus for this purpose, 
Dr. Hill mentioned Miss Fosslor of U.S.C. having experimented withthe fluid 
of the sea hareand having obtained satisfactory results with it as ao silk dye, 
but was unfamilinr with tho mothods used. 

Italy and India have produced sepia for painting and drawing from the 
squid. 

‘ One of the last montioned uses of shells was for jewelry,end Dr. Hill 
told us that the helmet and conch shells of Florida were sent to Italy whero 
the Italians carved them into beautiful picces brought back by soldiers in the 
first world ware And nowsorvice men are spending empty hours inthe south seas 
gothering opercula of turban sholls called cot's oyes and sonding them back 
home 4 8 souvenirs. 

And last but not least cspecially in valuo isanother production of the 
Italians, the Tarantine silk made by a special process from the long golden 
brown strands vhich tho two to three foot long Pinna uses to anchor itself. 
This silk was made into glovos, oapes, and scarfs, 

In closing his talk, Dre Hill suggestod getting this weok's Colliers 
which contains an Bret esas on submarine life by Wm. Beebo, and Mrs? Baker 
sugposted the last Naturo magazine. 

The Long Beach club appreciated the talk, especially so, since it is to 
hard to getabout thoso days. 

Shells from Dr. Lyman were shown by members and a pearl pin and pearl 
in an oyster artificially produced by the Japanese Mikimito wore shown by 
Miss Rogors before adjournment of t ho meeting. 

Ruth BE. Eaton, Secretary. 

2G OR ROR OR ICR OIGIO OR AOR OK 
Harold Harry, now serving with the U.S. Navy dropped in for an eens last 
weeke His ship was just back from the real thing in the far Paeifi? and he 
hod some interesting things to talk about, Ho brought with him a bag full of 
shells and we had cuitea time classxfying them. Among other things of interest 
was a box full of the huge Achatina fulica Fer. ( recall our articles awhile 
back a bout the rfubbor eating pest of Malaya 7). Apparently our rubbor oating 
friond finds banana plants to his taste also eecause Harry said that they 
were present on Saipan in vast numbers under every banana leaf. We hope that 
he will write us en artiole about some of his other experiences. 
Carlyn Halde, 997 S. Walnut, Inglewood, Calif. This is our memeer's new 
addresse 
Mrs. Gray ] Hackney, “Will you pleagg send my Minutes from June 9 to Septe4 
to Atlantie Beacl Beach, N. Carolina. L'm lo king forward with enthusiasm to a b 
busy summer, and (fui be glad to send Tom as many radulae as I can, in the 
hope that there will be some among them that he does not have.” 

re WP. Woodring, United States Bepartment ofthe Interior, Geological Survey, 
Genlogy Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 24, 
California. * Iam enclosing a check for $10.90. Kindly place my name on the 
mailing list for tho Proceedings of the Conchological Club of Southern Calif . 
and kindly send mo, if syailoble, an assombled copy of “ Distributional List 
of the Wost American Marino Mollusks from San Dicgo, California to the Polar 
Soa, Part 1, Folecypoda.” 

Your Prosecasniecnna Pistributional List are very valuable contritutions 
and you are to be congratulated on your energy and perseverence in getting them 
out during these troublesomo times. 

At the presont time Iam at 1 temporary office of the U.S. Geological 
Survey in the Geology Department at U.C.L.A. ® 
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, Alderman Library. 

Woe are pleased to add the above name to our mailing list, 


#48 Back Page May,1945 


CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 
Minutes # 46, pe 16 - Dentalium splendidum G.B. Sowerby,1832. Mr. George 
Willett advises ® Dr, Pilsbry has confirmed my identificaticn of 5 specime* 
of De splendidum Sby. from Los Coronados, He states they arc smaller than 
the type, but indistinguishable from smaller specimens’. if result of 
this is the definite addition of this species to our fauntl Liste 
Minutes # 46 p 12= Dentalium pretiosum Sowerby, 1860, Mr. George Willett 
advises " The range of D, pretiosum should read " Sitka, Alnska to San 
Diego. Sitka is considerably further north than Forrester Island 
Minutes # 46 p 15= Cadulus aberrans Whiteaves,1887, Wire Georg” eee notes 
" After studying my northern Cadulus » using your key and firur's, it seems 
probable that I have confused hepburni and aberrans, and that °11 my records 
of the former should ap ly to the latter. 


Nuculana austini ( Oldroyd),1935. Nautilus vole 49, pe 134 ‘This species 
was omited from our faunal list on the assumpéion that it is in the synonymy 
of Ne minuta Fabricius,1776. Mr. A.M. Strong has set labelled austini 

from 100 fathoms off Geeriola Pass. If Mr. Strong's specimens are true 

Ne austini it is at once obvious that the. specics is not minuta, The Strong 
Specimens are much more elongatee Theyare close to the specimens we have 
l..belled N. minuta lomaensis Dall,1919. Mr. George Willett advises that 
nustini is a good species in his opinion. Therefore we are returning this 
spcecics to aur list of west coast species of Nuculana, 

Dre As Myra Keen comments on the species as follows ° It may be that 
Vueulsna austint Oldroyd is valid. The Stanford collection probably has 
cnouen dredged materinl from the Puget Sound area to answer the question 
if anyone ever has time to sit downand study it. Until then, perhaps it « 
would be well to enter the name on the list tentntively.® 


Minutes #40 pp 15,16 Rochefortia pedroana Dall,1899. The following note 
was received some time ago from Mr. W.K. Emerson of San Diego “ I find in 
the current Minutes sn interesting account of finding on Blepharopoda occid= 
~dentalis Randall a Rochefortia siecies. I collected species resembling 
your description on tnis sand Grab at Pacific Beach, San Diego county. In 
1940, they were common on the crustaceans near the Crystal Pier. Other B. 
occidentalis sps. examined near Mission Beach, Calif. possessed no shells 
attached to them. My syecimens are white, with wrinkled, tan colored epid~ 
“ermis. I also have one complete Rochefortia sp. taken in sand at. Coronado 
which is altogether differentp and not identified. I understand Miss Wilson 
has also collected Re pedroana from sand erabs from La Jolla, Calif." 

This is an extension of our range for this species southward from’ 
Sen Fedro to San Diegos 


Minutes # 43 p 2l~ Gari colifornica ( Conrad),1848,  Bainhbriftge Island, 
Kitsap Co», Wash. July,1944 ( Wid. Eyerdam) 


Minutes # 43 p 22, Heterodonax bimaculata Le Corinto, ee es ae La 
Union, Salvadores. Gulf of Fonseca,Hondurase. ( Wed. Eyerc. 39) « 


Minutes # 43 p 22- Sanguinolaria pace sna Conrad Many eo es from 
Mission Bay reported by Mr. W.K,. Emerson, 


X49 pl June, 19456 


MINUTES OF THE CONCHCLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


oe ome come: me — — 


Juno 945 


These papers are published by a group of interested students 
for our own pleasure and financad by voluntary contributions of 
members and frionds. It is not our intention to offer subscriptions 
and guarantee regular periodicel publication. Howover, non membors 
of our club will he pleced on our mailing.list and receiro all 
papers publishod for contributions to our fund of $2.59 per yoar 
ar $1.25 each six months. 

RIOR OIF 

Our next meeting will be held July 1, at the Los Angelos Museum, 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:39 P.ii. 

we ere now meeting the first sunday of each month, 


Please mail all news ahout shells, shell publications, shell 
collectors, shell trips, localities etc, to your editor, 
John Q. Burch, 
4206 Halldale Avec, 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 
RR AE OK HEE OC 8 26 De 00 
It is our intention to print 4 final report on our work when 
we have covered every group. In the meantime we are oager to get all 
information possible. Members and friends are urged to write in their 
experiences and opinions, and what is even mare important adrise us 
when they think we are in error. 
FOR RR IR OR OR AOR 
NOTICE- Before the war we met in the evenings. Due to defense precau- 
=tions, block outs etc. we began meeting Sunday afternoons. The quos- 
-tion now is whether or not to return ta meeting in the erennhngs. There 
is no doubt that some of the members prefer each time and it is sugg- 
-ested that all active members mail their preference of the meeting 
time to the editor. In this way we can get a fair expression of opin- 
~ion from the entire membership. 
FORO ROR OO ADE 
We still have on hanc a few copies of our Distributional List, 
Part I, Pelesypoda for which we area sking $5.00 to our fund. 
WE He KK 2 OK KOK 
Occasional Papers on Mollusks, published by The Department of Mollusks, 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Masse 
Number 2, April 39,1945 by R.T. Abbott " The Philippine Intermediate 
Snail Host ( Schistosomophora quadrasi) of Schistosomiasis", 1] pages, 
5 plates, 
Lieutenant Abbott has written a very detailed study of a species 
which is the source of unusual interest at this time. 


California Fish ond Game, Vol.3l, Noed, April,1945 has boen received, 


Frank Lyman's " Shell Notes" No. 12 has been received. Members not 


, already on Frankés mniling list should write to Frank Lyman, I\rawer 141e, 


Lantana, Florida, 
EK oe RHE OK Ei a aC oR as 


‘#49, pe Pia NS “June, sas! he in 
Vomil CANCHLLARTIDAE. . pac titaed ae 
ithe follow ng data. oe “akon fron th viatebsse-aniue, ae ‘Birong. 


Fie ow ay i Lan 


aocneyeus genus, and and sedtlen. wanes heubiénda | sin eat: “oad: récsraa. 
Tancellaria Lamarok, ‘Lamarck; L299 ° ae Grant and Galé:the-type ie Volute 
. reticu ata «Linris'!( By thenotypy) Woodring ‘gives ‘the. ‘same » ‘types West 
Indiess Thiele gives the type as 0. cancellata iLinnes | a 
Merion He & A. Adams, Grant and Gale list ABO synonym of Cancellaria BeBe 
Thiele lists as a section of Cancellaria BqSe- and gives type C.» melan- 
-ostoma Sby, Dall gives same type and lists | Beverdl.west. coast. species 
in Bulle Mus. Compe Zool. ? is can “ba. used for theme ctt 
Euclin He & A. Adams. Grant and Gale list as a synonym: of. Gancollaria BeBe 
Thidle A’ & Bection of Cancellara 645. ‘and: gives type | ‘CG. solida Sby. 
a west coast shell. sCosemann give fe BS es oasdlaifornis Sby. also 
a west coast shelle,. 
Narona He & Ae Adams. Grant ana Gale eins ee as C. “olayatule Sby. ( by 
Subséquent designation Cossmann), a west coast shells: 
Thiele lists it as a subgenus ‘and gives the ‘same typo. ee. 
Dall, Bull. iius. Comp. Zool. gives the type as Cy mitreeformis een 
not procene Sowerby describes C, mitriformis, ‘4 west coast shell. Ce 
_mitraeformis is an older name at AGG thisile u8 the type. of, ‘She section 
Brocehina Jousse 
Aphere He & Ae Adams,1854. Grane and Cale et as ? synonym of Can¢ellaria 
3.8. Thicle lists 4t as a subgenus. Typo, ( by monotypy) C. tessellata 
Sowerby, a w est coast species. 
Prognbbia Dall. Grant and Gale list it as a synonym of Narona He & As Adams. 
Thiele lists os a section under Narona. If the subsequent designation 
» of C. clavatula is correct it is entirely distinct from Narona. If C. 
mitriformis. 18 used for the type, of Narona there is not much difforences 
Both are west const species, if C. oassidiformis us is tk typo of 
Euclia, Pro gabb ia: is samde . | 
Massylo He & A. Adams,1854.' Not mentioned by. Breet and: Gale or by Woodring. 
~~ Thiele lists as 4 séetion under Apheres Type ( by: monotyy) Cscorrugata 
Hinds, a west coast species. : TTA 
Crawfordiana Dalle described, by,Dall as.ay sbavion, ‘under * rognbbins 
“Grant and Gale. listi it as a section. under Cancelléria'8.B. 
Thiele lists. it A608. “pogttoa under uagonea. type C By Ogee designat~ 
sion), C. orawfordiana Dalla: :., 
Trigonostoma Blainvillg, 1826.4, Thiele liste. a8 8 bub gonug ape ‘gives as the 


typo €. trigonostoma, Deshayoge. Woodring gives the. type. “(- by ‘monotypy), 
Delphinula a onos toma Lamarck. Grant, ond Gale ist. (’ ps622),Trigona 
Perry,1811,. type T. pollucida Perry. dqual -C,. trigqnostomia Lamarck , 
not Trigonia Mogerle,lOlle Type an Doda aie shell and Some woat 
coabt species certainly belong here. 
Bivetopsia Jouss. Thiele lists a8 a synonym os Ganoviteria. SiBe Woodring 
gives tho type ( by subsequent designation, Cossmann), Cs chrysotoma 
Sowerby, a wast.coast shell. ( Has the wide umbilicus’ of Trigonostoma. 
Sveltella Cossmanne - Thicle lists aso Section of Narona and ee type as 
parva Phil. ( Not the type in Cossmann, Deiedyie: 
Sveltia Jousse . ‘Used by Dall in Bull. 112, Type Jouss P 20 C, varicosa 
Pliccene., ° | 


& 


#49 p 3 June, 1945 : 


Cossmann's arrangemont, Esse Paleo. Corpe, vol.3,1899. 
Cancellaria Type, reticulata Linne )( pe 10). 
~~ Aperture without canal, deeply indented, with siphonal fasciole. 
Cancollaria 
Not turrited, 3 plicate 
Cancellaria 6,6. 
Outer lip dentate 
Narona c= C. clavatula Sbye ( pe5). 
Merica ~ Type C. melanostoma Sowerby. (asperella Lam.) { pe 10) 
~~~Aperture without canal, with siphonal fasciole 
Merica Not Pannited 
Merica 6e6e. Plications oblique . 
Aphere Type C. tessellata Sby. ( pe 17) 
Siphonal fasciole obsolete 
Trigonostoma Type, C. trigonostoma Desh.-d4n Lam, ( p24) 
~~ Umbilicate. ee ete 


Trigonostoma Aperture trigonal 


Trigonostoma_ 3 plicate 
Admete Kroyer,1842,. Type A. viridula Fab. ( pe3l) 


Not umbilicate, without siphonal fasciole, 3 plications 
Admcte Se8. 
Benthobia 
Massyla Type, C. corrugata Hinds ( p.39) 
Glongate plications. 
; Massyla Fusiform. 
( Bivetopsia Jouss. is listed as a synonym of Bivetia Jouss. The type 
of the Bivetopsia 4s stated to be C. chrysostoma Sby. ( p.8)) 
Euclia is listed as a synonym of Cancellaria 5.8, and the type is stated 
‘to be C. erssidiformis Sbye Peer 


Thiele pe 352 
Genus Cancellaria 

Section Cancellaria ( Syh. Buccinella Perry,18ll- Plicaria Fabricius 

Se ee Bese Bivetia Jouss.,1887~ Bivetopsia Jouss.) 
Type C, cancellata Linne, ’ 
Section Euclia He & Ae Adams, 1854, ( Syn. Heteroculia Roesoti, 1899) 
Type C. solida Sby. 

eeeien Merion He & Ae Adams, 1854, ‘Type, C. melanostoma Sowerby. 

Subgenus Tr aes Bicinville: 1826 


Section Trigonostomia 6o8., type, C. trigonostoma Deshayes 
Section Ventrila Jouss. Type, Ce. ventrilia Jouss, 

Subgenus Narona He & A. Adams,1854,. Types C. clavatula Sowerby. 
Scction Sveltella Cossmann, 1889. type C. 's philippi Vossmann~per Phil, 
Section Tribia Jousse Types C, angasi Crosse 
Section Solatia Jouss. Type. Oe. piscatoria Gmelin. 

Section Mericella n. sec, Typee Ce 'e_jucunda Thiele. 

Section ificrosveltia Jredale,1925, Type. Ce - C. rocess Iredale. 
Section Brocchina Jouss. 51887. Typee C. mitraeformis Brocchi, 
Section Progahbia Dall,1918. Type. C. cooperi Gabb, ‘ 
Section Crawfordiana Dall, 1918. Type C. Gcrawfprdiana Dall. 

Subgenus Aphero He & Ae dens 
Section Aphere 8.8, Type C. tessellata Sowerby. 

Section Massyla. He & Ae Adams, 1854. es C. oS Hinds. 
Genus Admete Type. he viridula Fab. 


#49 p 4 June , 1946 
Family CANCELLARIIDAE 


Key to west coast genera and subgenera 
Columella straight, with from one to three plications. 
» 4 well developed siphonal fasciole and a stromboid notch present 
es Umbilicus covered or reduced to a narrow chinkeese Ure rere 
eee Varices absent ee 
eeee Axial ribs not spinous ‘at the shoulder of the whorls (ceheciianta 
eoee Axial ribs rising to short spines at the shoulder .«. (Euclis 
ee. Irregularly placed varices present oorcscccsccececeecee(NAronn 
ee Umbilicus open,rather narrow,bounded by the fasciole «, Bivetopsia 
e» Umbilicus wide,funnel shaped, aperture triangular ..... Trigonostomia 
« Siphonal fasciole feeble or obsolete, plaits small, oblique Massyla 
eeShell slender,apex pointed, body with a slight callus .... ( Massyla) 
ee Shell cylindrical or ovate, body callus strong and wide oe (Aphera) 
Columella curved, plaits faint or obsolete esssessceeceeveees Admote 


.Perhaps we should cell attention here to some very interesting 
changes in nomenclature. We are accepting the classification of Mr. A.M. 
Strong which will be discussed at length below. However, a brief summary 
of the changes involved follow. Mre Strong lists but one species under 
the genus Cancellaria and that is C,. cooperi Gabb which is placed under 
the subgenus Euclia He & A. Adams, Mr. Strong uses as a genus, Massyla 
He & Ae Adams, under which he places the species jo end corbicula (under 
- subgenus Aphera He & Ay Adams.), crawfordiana ( under Mas6yla Se8e), 
nnd also under Massyla 8.8. he places the species modesta,unalaskensis, 
and circumcincta; and also places the following specie& { under the genus 
Admete by Dall) in Massyla BeSe, rhyssa, gracilior, woodworthi; and the 
species of Admete by Dall placed under Massyla, subgenus Aphera sere 
californica and microsomes Mr. Strong retains under the genus Admete 
only the following Species: couthouyi, Southouy. laevior,middendorffiana, 
and undatas ore cannes 


Genus Cancellaria Lamarc¥,1799. Type (by monotypy), Voluta retic- 
~ulata Linnaeus, Recent, Florida and West Indies, figured by Sowerby 
in These Conchey voled, Canceliaria 31849, ple92,figel7. 

. * Shell oval, variously sculptured or smooth; last whorl ventricose} 
aperture with a short canal; columella straight,with two distinct folds 

and terminating with a third, plate-like fold. There is a well developed 
siphonal fasciole which covers the umbilicus or reduces it to a narrow 
chink at certain stages of growth and the outer lip shows a ea 
stromboid notch, varying in depth with the stages of growth." 

Sub genus Cancellaria BeBe 

" Sculpture reticulate, either on the spire or over the entire surface, 
without varices, the intersections of the axial ribs and spiral cords 
usually forming rounded nodules but not spinous® 


Cancellaria 8.8. is not represented in the California fauna, but 
there are anumber of species inthe southern fauna which will be listed 
on the next page and followed by Mr. Strong's key to species. 


West Coast Species of Cancellaria 528, 


Cancellaria obesa Sowerby,1832.5 (.Cerros Island to ‘'Peru) 


Cancellaria ovata Sowerby,1832. ( Ecuador) 
ee ee 
Cancellaria solida Sowerby,1832. ( Gulf of California to Peru) 


(yes 


Key to. the West Coast. Species. in thé ‘Bub genus Canchllaria Base 


#49 p 6 June ,1945 
Cancellaria bulbula Sowerby, 1832. (Corinto) 
Cancellaria decussata Sowerby,18352. ( Cerros Island to Peru) 


_Cancellaria ventricosa Hinds,1843,  ( Magdalena Bay to Central America) 


Cancollaria elbida Hinds, 1843, _( West Mexico to Ecuador) 
Cancelleria indentata Sowerby 1832. ( West, Mexico to: Panama) 
Cancellaria cromata Hinds,1843,  ( West Mexioo to Central Aner toa) 
Ganceliaria urcoolata Hinde, 1845. ( Magdalena Bay to Panama ) 


Cancellaria cMnis Sowerby 1832. ( Gulf of Calif, to Galapagos) 
Cancellaria acuminata Sowerby,1832. ( Central America) 


-". Ganeollaria poruviana Strong and Hertlein — ( Peru) | ia 
Gahcoliaria buccinoldea Sowerby 1832, ( Nicaragua to chite)"* 


Cancellaria balboae pils sbry,1951, ( Panama) | 


*-@anesliaria elata Hinds, 1843. G Panama ) " os . eee 
ee a a ; : . 


. Beulptire faint or obsolete on the body whorl 


a Colinella short, upper plait very strong 


ee Body whorl somewhat’ cylindrical 
Length 45, diameter 25 mm O00 08 8:6 1090-4 0:80 40,000,056 88 ee ObOSA 


ne Body hon taporing anterjorly 


Length 35, diameter 20 mm Coe rereceeceeeteresevessves OVATE 
« Columella longer,” plaits oblique one 
e» Body whorl smooth, polished . 
Length ao, diametor. 30. mm Coe ceneereaeereren eds ovepece solida 
es» Body whorl ar faint axial stulpture 
Length 30, diameter 20 mm cesaceseccoveacsveecsorescces bulbula 


‘Retioulate sculpture extending over the entire surface 


ry Axial | ribs and spiral cords equal in strength and spacing 
on Whorls rounded, not shouldered 
Length 40, Atlenctes 20 mm Wale’ y bal Wigs elntirs Sipe ie oe aha arelale decussata 


 o¢-Whorls narrowly, roundly shouldered 
ye ede. Shell ovate, orange brown. 


.Lenth 30, diameter O06 HOS Om eo O04: 0 ee 80 6.4:0'¢ 980-00 9 986 ventricosa 
eee Shell sender: white 
Length 20% diameter Bi yerctha ree pica sot 
ee Whorls sharply, flatly shouldered ; ears 


ee ribs close spaced, about 20'on the body whorl 


Length* 25; diameter 15 mm’ best asedvges Naar et com indentaca 


“tee Axdal ribs’ wide spaced, about 12 on the ‘body whorl | 


Length ‘20, diameter. eee eensoveernoe Co eeoerdooresoren. ‘orenata 
« Axial ribs stronger than the spiral ‘cords ; 


e eBody whorl flattened on the sides 


Length 36, diameter eeee eee snsteeceseceeeare rea e eens urceolata 
ee Body whorl woll rounded, not shouldered ; 
eee Shell thick, with coarse sculpture 


. Length 205 diameter 15 mm mene a escuaeine ie aes ene e et gemnulata 


ae ‘Shell somparatively: thin, with fing, ‘sculpture . 


eeeo Axial ribs close spaced 
Length eb, diameter 14 mm GOO CCC HEL CEES ROPE He See ee acuminata 


aie Axial ribs wide spaced Oe e neem err e eres ee reverse seeeeus peruviana 


eo Body whorl angularly shouldered 
eoeShdulder narrow, sloping 
Length 40, diameter 25 mm qeoressessnccccsscegecesnce poucetnoeee 
ees Shoulder wide, flattly sloping 
Length 45, diameter 21 mm Sc ee ee Bal voncn 
eee Shoulder wide, almost tabulate ‘Length 20 esveseseoce. olata 


mtep 6° June,1945° 


. Subgenus Buclia He & Ae hanes 1854, Type ( by subsequent ‘designation, 
~  Cossmann,1903), Cancellaria cassidiformis ‘Sowerby, living, west coast of 
" America. . Progabbia Dall,i919 is in the synonymy. 

> * Shell pyriform, not umbilicateds spire very short, whorle smooth; 

columella with strong, anterior plaits® ( Adams). — 

Mr. AeM. Strong discusses this subgenus " Heand A. Adams listed 

four species under Eutlia, Cossmann in 1899 seems to have been the first 
to designate the types Dall considered the first species in the original 

list, C. solida Sowerby, was the typee Some of the characters of the two 

species sre quite different, but the similarity of C. cassidiformis to 
C. cooperi makes Dall's. new. subgenus unnecessary. 
. Dall evidently intended to include a number of west coast species 
in his subgenus Progebbia ashe: states;*' I have come. to the conclusion 
tha. the California Species ‘of :the genus Cancellaria, in its wider sense 
can not’ properly be paoluces in any of the groups into which it has hithe 
~erto been dividede® As he only gives the type and lists no other species 
under his new subgenus there is no way of knowing what he considered to 
be the disti nguishing characters. As here used the subgenus Euolia in the 
west coast fauna is restricted to two species, characterized by Bevee. 
wide spaced axial ribs rising to spines at the shoulder of the whorls." 


Key to the. west eeaee 8 ecies in the subgenus Euclia 
Shell broad, somewhat pyriform 


Length 60, diameter 40 mm Sober evegeseeveseceons, pare voriee 
Shell slender, somowhat. fusiform ; 
Length 80, diameter 35 mm Coe rarer eserorerencvons pooner 


Cancellaria ( Euclia) ao pot Gabb, 1865. Usneerovie Calife to peronddo 
Islands ( Dall). Dre Ae Myra Keen advises " Gabb cites specimens of 

C. cooperi from both San Diego and Monterey. Until.the holotype is detec= 

~ted, possibly: at the University of California, the type locality is 

uncertain", 

Mr. A.M. Strong notes a This is the largest of the west coast’ 
Canoellariidae. The shell 148 elongate, slopingly shouldered; axial sculp= 
-ture of about 15 ribs, stong on the spire, becoming faint on the body 
whorl but rising to small, sharp spinés or tubercles on the shoulder 
angle; spiral soulpture of fine, ¢lose spaced cords» The color is, browm= 
“ish with narrow, darker liness Oldroyd gives: the mopeuncnents as, long. 
80; diameter of the body.whorl, 35 mm." 

‘Collecting data: Dredged oft Redondo Beach, Calif, in 35 fmSe, mud 
bottom, off El Segundo, Calif. and:off Monterey in 40 fms. ( Burch,) ; 
off Monterey, 15«300 fathoms, in mud} rare. You already have my note on 
gotting thom on set lines..This species evidently grows quite largq in 
the Bays I once saw a specimen 7 or 8 inches long among some shells coll-= 
~-ected years ago by Miss I.Fe Deming, of Pacific Grove ( Ae'iGe Smith); 
Newport,Calif. ( HsNs Lowe); Redondo ( Chaney); Point Loma= 1 fair sized 
ond 1 young dredged ( gigi So. ponensee Island, 1 dead easanen dredged 
( Dre Fe Baker )e 


sivisemis Nearona He te Ae Acemee Type ( by Sees designation, 
Cossmann), Cancollaria clavatula Sowerby, living, west coast of. America. 
Mr. A.M. Strong discusses this subgenus as follows : ® He & A. Adame 
included a number of species under Narona. Of these Cossmann designated 
C. clavatula as the type and this seems to have been the first definite 
RE of a typee Dall and others have corisidéred Cancellaria mitri- 


#49 p 7 June , 1946 
-formis Sowerby: to be the type and have grouped a number of the slender 
mitra-Like species under the name. Narona, as represented by the type, 
differs from all other groups in Cancellariidae in the presence of irreg= 
“ularly placed varices. The shell is rather sSlonder, not umbilicate, the 
siphonal fasciole not prominent and the columellar plaits strong. As here 
used only the two varicose species occuring in mle weet coast fauna are 
considered to belong to the subgenus.” 


Cancellara ( Narona) clavatula Sowerby,1832. (Gulf of Calif, to Peru). 
Cancellaria ( Narona) exopleura Dall,1908, ( Central America to Peru). 


Axial ribs strong, about 15 appearing on the body whorl eee clavatula 
Axial ribs low, sharp, NUMETOUSE -ceoecceegenneeeeeorereesene exopleura 


Genus Bivetopsia Jousseame,1887, La Naturaliste, ser. 2, year 9, 
pe 193. Type ( by subsequent designation, Cossmann) Cancellaria chrysos~ 
~toma Sowerby, living, west coast of America. 

This gonus is not represented in the California fauna, but there 
are @ number of species inthe southern fauna, Mre AM. Stromg'’s discuss + 
“on and keys follow: The group, here placed in a separate genus with C,. 
chrysostoma Sowerby as the type, is quite distinct in the west coast 
fauna. They are characterized by a narrow, open, deep umbilicus bounded 
by a distinct siphonal fasciole. All are subglobose to broadly turrited 
shells with weli developed sculpture and are confined to tropical or sub 
~tropical waters. As in typical Cancellaria the comme yae nas two strong 
plaits and ends in a plait like fold. 

Bivetopsia funiculata ( Hinds),1843. (Gulf of Calif. to West Mexico) 
Bivetopsdia chrysostoma ( Bowattte 1832. ( Panama to Peru) 

Bivetopsia hacmastoma (Sowerby),1832.  ( Galapagos) 

Bivetopsia | brevis ( Sowerby),1832. (.Gulf of California to Ecuador) 
Bivetopsia pulchra ( Soncavaie 1862. ( Central America to Ecuador) 
Bivetopsia centrota ( Dall),1896. ( Gulf of Calif, to Cocos Island) 
Bivetopsia cumingiana ( Petit) , 1844, ( Peru) ‘ 

Bivetopsia tuberculosa ( Bovecny 1832. ( Peru to Chile) 

Bivetopsia bullata ullata ( Sowerby),1832,  ( Cerros Island to Panama). 


Key to species of the genus Bivetopsia 
Axial ribs strong, not spinous 
e Shell subglobose 
ee Spiral cords broad, strong 

length’ 37, breadth 20 nim ceivsy vcs cs cctececiecca seas chrysostoma 
ee Spiral corde fine, alternating in strength 

Length) 27f breadth: 17 ommi sis's.s vives veie'e e+ veces’. o'eltee  heeman,tome 
ee Spiral eoulpLire obsolete 

Length 20, breadth 15 mm Bie ole cia erate evele eet cr olslelee eteterere/s ais brevis 
e Shell broadly turrited 

Length COMMIMN: xe sigan O00i4 ie eereieca's 01060 0's cere e:6 eles ertigie avers funiculata 
Axial ribs spinous at the intersection with the spiral cords 
« Intersections forming raised, angular points 

Length 28, DLCAA Cy. 2O cM vers olen einisicle alele ca 01s sielelsiejess wlelsle pulchra 
¢ Shoulder pf whorls with long, gutteréd spines 

Length 35, breadth 20 mm csccccccccsrcccsecccsesesces controta 
Axial ribs indistinct or. obsolete 
« Spiral sculpture of deep grooved secccscscceseccecees CUM wang 
» Shoulder and periphery with spiral rows of nodes 
ee Nodes on the shoulder axially elongate 

Length. 35, breadth: 27, mm wis ss.s~ sss + slasiclsls o's 0 c'sle'e tuberculata 


4 


#49 p 8 June, 1945 
e» Nodes at the shoulder spirally elongnte 
Length 30, breadth 25 mm Ceeessnesveseetoneseroesend bullata 


Genus Trigonostomia Blainville,1626, Meme de Conch 41826, pe6526 
Type ( by i ak Delphinula trigonostomia Deshe in Lams, figured 
in Reeve, Conch, io. Cancellaria, vol. 10, ple ll, fig.51. 

Mr. Strong notes ” Trigona pellucida Perry is very similar to, if 
not identical with Delphinula trigonostomia Lamarck and both come: from 
the same general Wastes The uso of Blainville's name.moy be’ open to 
question as it is considered by some to be a vernacular name. However, 
it has been used by many writers ‘on conchology and paleontology. 

The type 18 a loosely coiled shell with broadly, conoavely, tabulate 
~ed whorlé,forming a triangular aperture. The siphonal fasciole is rep- 
~resented only by a ridge bordering the wide, funnel shaped umbiljcus 
and the-columella has two low plaits and an obscure basal fold.” _ 

This genus is not represented in the California fauna and the only 
species known | from the west coast is the following from the southern 
ranges 
Trigonostomia goniostoma ( Sowerby), 1832. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama). 


Genus Massyla He & A. Adams ,1854. Gene Reds Molle, volel,1864, pe 
278. Type ( by monotypy) Cancellaria corrugata Hinds, living, west coast 
of America. The following note from Dre A, Myra Keen ® The type of 
Massyla'-4s by monotypye As to recognizing this as a genus and renllocat- 
-ing species to it previously placed by Dall in Sveltia,I believe Mrs 
Strong is justified. ... The ‘type of Sveltia is a Sreapoarl pasahy” species, 
of Massyla a Recent West american forme 
| Mr. AsM. Strong discusses the genus as follows: ® The epeciee in 
this genus differ from those in Cancellaria and Bivotopsia in that the 
siphonhl fasciole and stromboid notch is faint or absent and the plaits 
on the columella are fine ond very oblique. The lower end of the colum~ 
.. ella in some of the species is cut off obliquely. with a very. faint or no 

terminal plait." 

on " Shd11 ovate, turbinate; nee obtuse, whorls. ereneveresi, striated; 
aporture contracted , and emarginate anteriorly; . columella truncate"(Adams) » 


s 


‘Subgenus MasSylo 868.5 

‘® In ‘the typical subgenus the shells are slender and have a more or 
ere well defined canol. The enamel of the inner lip over the body of 
_ the shell 4s narrow or absent, and the umbilicus is covered or .reduced 
to a narrow chink. With the exception of, the type all the west coast speo~ 
Les placed in the subgenus are known to range into cool waters, Peru 
and Chile on the south and from CCE ae to Alaska on the northe(Strong) 


The following list of species covers the entire coast and will be 
followed by Mre AeMe Strong’ 8 key to species. We will then take up a 
more detailed discussion of the species reported from San Diego northward. 


vasa la ( Massyla) 'cornigata ( Hinds) ,1843. ( Eeuador) 
Massyla ( Mess io | setae ‘erawfordiana ( Dall) ,1891. ( Drakes Bay to San Diego) 
Meesyla Massyla) pyilipps ( ohne? 1899, ( Chile) 
poseyees Massyla) mitriformis Sorerby, lesee ( Panama to Peru) 

Massyla Massylo) uniplicato ( Sowerby),1832. ( Acapulco to Chile) 
Massyla ( Massyla) unalaskensis ( Dall),1873. (Unalaska to Cape Blanco,Ore,) 


Massyla ( Massyla) circumcincta (Dall),1873.  ( Alaska) 
Massyla (Ma _Massyla) 1 modesta odesta _( Carpenter) ,1863. (Aleutian Islands to Puget Snd 


#49 p 9 June , 1945 . 
Massyla Mass paste) rhyssa ( Dall),1919, ( Senta Rosa Id. to Todos Santos B 
Massyla ( uassyre) a) gracilior ( Carpenter),1866. (Alaska to San Diego) 
Massyla ( Wassyla) woodworthi ( Dall) ,1905¢ ( Monterey ).' 


Key to the west coast species in the genus Massyla 845. 
Adult shell over 10 mm in length 
« Sculpture decussated with axial ribs and spiral cords 
es Whorls rounded or slightly shouldered 
eee Spiral cords numerous, slightly nodulous 
Length 12 mm cevesersveserccccrsccvrsceserecvesee  Ccorrugata 
-+yoe Spiral cords numerous, flat topped 
Length 43, diamoter-21 mm essceoccccsevccsveevceeese Crawfordiana 
«ee Spiral cords on spire 3, on last whorl 6 seesseeveee ph iil ippi 
eo WHorls strongly shouldered 
eee Aperture. ending in a distinct canal ° 
Length 45, diameter 17.65 mm eerecssecvevescvecreves eee 
eee Aperture ending in a sharp notch 
"© Length 20, diameter 9 mm secceacvsercrgessevesseves Dhipiteete 
» Sculpture of strong spiral cords and short, nodulous 
axial riba, Length 20, diameter 7.5 mm Coereeeerene iS LeSkeusae 
« Sculpture of. spiral cords and faint axial riblets 
Length 20, diameter 9 mm esseseevvcecsreencsrseces ciroumoincta 
« Sculpture of spiral cords and fine lines of growth 
Length Liss diameter 865 mm eececcrccccescesesosere modesta — 
Adult shell less than 10 mm in length 
» Sculpture decussated with axial ribsand spiral pores 
ee Axial ribs 12, narrow, nearly vertioal 
Length T, Aaaneren Ae OMM cecveccc ys vecoseecccveveceese PNYSSE 
oe Axial ribs 10, strong, rounded 
Length 9, diameter 4 MM. eccocenacecccgesansvececs ‘saneee gracilior 
« Sculpture of spiral cords and faint axial riblets 
Length a5 diameter 4-25 mm CHRO OHE TROT EEO ROLE E OH HO ER OOED woodworthi 


Massyla ( Mossyla) crawfordiana ( Dall),1891, peaken Bay to San Diego. 
Type locality, Drakes Bay near San Franciscoe Ext, to Forrester Id,,Alaskae 
Dre Dall described a section Crawfordina Dall,1918 with type C. 

crawfordiana, This was followed by Grantand Gale, pe 614 and others, 

Shell slender, with moderately rounded whorls, which, when fresh, 
are covered with a coarse epidermis. The sculpture consists of from 15 to 
20 axial ribs crossed by numerous flat topped spiral cords. The columella 
hes two slender plaits and an obscure terminal plait, In the original 
description the color is given as pale brown and the measurements as Longe 
of shell 48, Maxe diameter 21 mm." ( Strong). 

Collecting data: Dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif, in 50 fms., mud 
bottom but rare haying brought it up twice in seven years of dredging. 
(Burch); Forrester Island, Alaska in 50 fms, ( Willett ); off Monterey, 
Calif, 50-70 fathoms, in mud scarcee Also 46 fms, in fine dark green 
sand off the Farallone Ids. ( USEC Sta. §789); 14 specimens. Taken off 
the Mendocino Co. coast ( A.G, Smith); San Diego, Calif. 1 specimen from 


50 fms. ( Kelsey ); San Pedro a Oldroyd) ; Monterey ( eves) Drakes Bay 
(Arnheim). 


Massvla ( Massyla) unalaskensis ( Dell), 1875. Unalaska to Cape Blanco, 
Crcgons, Type locality, 85 fathoms ‘in Captain's Harbor, Unalaska, Aleutian 
Islands, 

Dre Dall placed this species and the following two under the subgenus 


#49 p 10 June, 1945 


Sveltio Jousseaume,1888 .« 

Grant md Gale place this in the genus Admete and state that it may 
be the young of Admete modesta Carventers 

"The sholl 18 slender, whitish, with a aut eo epidermis, ponies 
~tured with strong spiral cords of which the posterior three are crossed 
by short axial ribs, nodulous at the intersections. The columella has two 
or three oblique plicetionse The measurements are given adi Longe 0.75, 
Lat. oe3 ine. ( approximately 20 x 725 mme) 

Collecting datas Topotypes collected from Captain's Harbor, Unalaska 
Island, Aleutians in 25 fm 68,1932 and Victdériea, B.C. in .20 fmse ( Wed. 
Eyordam) e 


Massyla ( Massyla) circumecincta ( Dall),1873. Unalaska to Departure Bay, 
B-Ce ( HeNe. Lowe Colle). The type locality is stated in Oldroyd to bo 
Popoff Strait, Shumagin Islands, but Dre A. Myra Keen advises ( Por. Comme 
April,1945) ® The type locality of Me circumcincta was not specified in 
the original, nor was it given in connoction with illustration of the 
holotype." 

®" The shell is rose pink, thin and slender, sculptured with strong 
spiral cords crossed by faint, irregular, axial riblets on the upper 
whorlse The columella has two or three faint plications. The measurements 
of the type are givon as, Longe 82, late 37 insSe ( approximately 20 x 
9mm* ( Strong ). se. | 

Collecting data: Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska, 1922 ( iJ. Eyor- 
-dam); Departure Bay, B.C. ( HeNe Lowe Colle in the San Diego Museum of 
Natural History). 


Massyla ( Massyla) modesta ( Carpenter),1865~- Aleutian Islands to Fuget 
Sound. Type locality, Neah Bay, Washe 

Grant and Gale,1931, ppe 622,623 consider this species under the 
genus Admete and suggest that unalaskensis is the young of this species, 
and that gracilior is a variety of ite this has not been generally aC GCP 
-tede 

* There is no figure of a typical specimen of this species and the 
identification of the fossil specimen is questionable. The shell is des= 
-cribed as rather slender, reddish; whorls rounded, sculptured with spial 
cords and fine lines of growth; the columella having two plaito and a 
minute basal plait. The measurements are given as Longe 068, late 004 ins. 
( approximately 17 x 8.5 mm)$ ( Strong) 

Collecting data: Forrester Island, Craig, Ketchikan, Alaska in 15-40 
fms. ( G» Willett); Frederick Sound,: Alaska in 12 fms. ( Lewis); San Juan 
Islands, Str. of Juan @e Fuca in 50 fms. ( Wed. Eyerdam) (March, 1927); 

‘our Specimens of this species were dredged in Puget Sound by Professor 
Trevor Kincaid ( Burch). There is a set in the San Diego Museum of 
Natural History labelled from off San Clemente Island by Wardwell. If this 
identification can be verified it is a great extension of the ee south=- 
-warde 


Massyla ( Massyla) rhyssa ( Dell), 1919, Point Pinos, Calif. ( AG. Smith) 
to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Calif. ( Burch). The type locality is: Off 
South Coronado Island, 55-155 fms. on the advice of Dre A. Myra Keen, 

This species was listed by Dr. Dall and others under the genus 
Admete. A note from Mre George Willett on this species * Whorls rounded; 
‘axials ( in adults) 14-15%, 

This small, unfi.gured species is sculptured with about 12,narrow, 


. #49 p 11 June , 1945 
axial ribs crossed by a few prominent spiral threads, somewhat nodose 
at the intersections. The solumella has three oblique plaits. In the 
original description the measurements are ai as , Height of shell 7, 
diameter 4.5 me * ( Strong). 
‘ Collecting. data “Abundant in aesaeties off Redondo. Beach in around 
75 fathoms, mud. bottom, However, we dredged it in as shallow as 20 fms, 


~ off Point Vicente, 40 fms. off Rocky Point, 50 fms. off Ensenada Mex. (Bur ch) 3 


65-71 fms. off Point Pinos, in green mud and sand; rare CAP, Smith) ; 
_ Catalina Island, Calif. in 30 fms. ( G. Willett); off Whites Point, Los 
4 Angeles County, Calif., ( AM. Strong); 


Massyla ( Massyla) gracilior ( Carpenter),1866. Aleutian Islands to Sm 
Diego. Type locality, Santa Barbara Pliowene. | 

Mr. George Willett gives one note on this, species * Whorls tabulated; 
azials ( in adults) 12", 

, There has been a great deal of confusion and misidentification with 
this speriese We identified some of our deepwater specimens from off 
Redondo beach as this species but were advised by Mr. Willett and Mr. Strong 
thatwe were in errors The only set we have so labelled in our collection 
at this time was dredged in Puget Sound, off the San Juan Islands by Trvvor 
Kincaid. ( Burch) « The species is described as having @ subquadrate aper-= 
~ture anda general resemblance to modesta, Grant and:Gale state that 
"the true gravilis Carpenter in Gebb is probably a variety of modesta." 
Mr, A.M. Strong states that tho gracilior group:certainly does not belong 
in Admete, and suggests that perhaps these,and modesta should be listed 
in a new genu8e The occurance of this species in the living fauna has beon 
questioned. The possibility that rhysea and gracilior may intergrade 
making rhyssa a synonym of -gracilior hi has been suggested. The species 
was unfigured giving reason to the variety of opinions as to just what it 
is. Mr. George Willett suggests that the slight fifferences in shape of 
this species and rhyssa may be sexual, a matter about which no one seems 
‘to know. From C.A:S< 165, Oligocene or lower Miocene of Oregon, A, clats~ 
-kaniensis Anderson and Martin is said by Dr. Hertlein to be similar, Mir. 

_ Strong comments on this that while it is true that theyare very close it 
does not seem probable although not impossible that a shell of this kind 
would live from the lower Miocene to ‘the present without change. 

“ Examination of a good series from the Santa Barbara Pleistocene, 
at points certainly very neat the type locality show that it is a quite 
distinct species, The shell is rather slender with well rounded whorls, 
sculptured with about 10 strong axial ribs crossed by a few fine spiral 
cords. The columella has two oblique: plaits and on indistinct basal plait. 
in the original description the measurements are given as, Longs 285) late 

'.16 in. ( approximately 9 x4 mm)."% (.Strong). 
It is obvious that we are badly in noed of further tnformation on this 
BpoOciEes, 

Collecting data; Catalina Island in 20~40- fms. ( G. Witlett) : Akutan 
Island, Aleutian Islands, 1834, dredged, ( I. Norberg) ( by ercae Izhut 
Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska, in 10 fms. mud,1922 ( Wed. Eyerdam). 

Dr. Ae Myra Keen advises ,( Per, Comm.) ’M. gracilior was reported 
at Suan Diego by Kelsey, I do not know its most northern occurance; as Dall 


says “ with ihe type", I Ssve ona) stated it to be 71 degrees in the 
Cheek Giehee ; : 


Massyla ( eee) woodworthi ( Dall), 1905," Monterey to Santa eee 
Tslands ( Dall), Typo looality, Monterey Bay in 10~45 fms. 
* This Gnel ured species is said to be whitish with a yellow brown 


#49 p 12 June, 1945 
epidermis, sculptured with 8 or 9 obscure riblets on the upper whorls 
and rounded spiral threads with wider interspaces. On the upper whorls 
the spiral thread at the shoulder is the most prominent giving them a 
subtabulate appearance. The measurements of the type are given QB, Longe 
9, maxes diameter 4.5 mme” ( Strong). 

Collecting data: Monterey Bays 10~45 fms. ( Woodworth); 50 fms. off 
Point Pinos, in green mud and fine sand ( USFC). Apparently all known 
specimens of this species are in the National Museum. Mac and 1 have not 
dredged ite ( A.G.Smith). 

Mr. AM. Strong comments on this as follows: * It seems strange that 
no other specimens of woodwardi have been collected at Monterey, the type 
localitye From the description of the type of the species it is very sim- 
“ilar to gracilior but with the axial sculpture much reduced. This is not 
an unusual individual variant. I have an idea that this should also be 
considered a synonym of gracilior, but no definite statement could be 
made without specimens for comparison.” 


Subgenus Aphere He & Aw Adams,1854. Gene Rece Shells, vol.1,1854, 
pe 277. Type ( by monotypy), Cancellaria tessellata Sowerby, living, west 
coast of America, 

" The shells placed in this subgenus are like those in the typical 
Massyla in the absence of the siphonal fasciole and in the small, oblique 
plaits on the columella. They differ in the more ovate shape, short or 
notched canal and in having the inner lip with a ae callus spreading 
over the body of the shell" ( Strong). 


The following list of species in the subgenus Aphera covers the entire 
coast and will be followed by Mr. A.M. Strong's key. We “We will then take up 
a more detailed discussion of the species reported from San Diego northwards 


Massyla ( Aphera) tessellata ( Sowerby),1832. ( Gulf of Calif, to Peru) 
Massyla ( Aphera) oblonga ( Sowerby),1825. { Panama). 

Wassyla ( Aphera) californicn ( Dall), 1908. ( Oregon to Gulf of Calif.) 
Nassyla ( Aphera) corbicula ( Dall),1908. ( Off Santa Barbara Islands) 
lassyla (“Aphera) io ( Dall),1896. ( San Diego to Panama) 


Massyla ( Aphera ?) microsoma ( Dall),1908. ( Coronado Ids. to Acapulco) 


Ke Ae the west coast species in the subgenus Aphera | 
Sculpture decussated with close spaced axial ribs end spiral cords 
e Whorls evenly convex, not shouldered 
ee Spire blunt, shorter than the aperture 

Length 20, breadth 10 mm ecoocesesesecccvccceses tessellata 
ee Spire pointed, about as long as the spire esecssee oblonga 
« Whorls slopingly shouldered 
ee Axial ribs about 20 on the body whorl 
Length 16, breadth 863 mM seccreccecvcverevecseees CAalifornica 
oe Axial ribs about 36 on the body whorl Wott 
Length 21.5, breadth 965 mm eoesereeevesevesseseses Corbicula 
Sculpture of broad axial ribs and fine spiral threads ~ 
Length 43, breadth 21 mM «...cecseessevevesesseseuien 10 
Sculpture of spiral cords and lines of growth 
Length 305, breadth 168 mm eeeveresecscceveeceveeeces miCrosoma 


#49 pi3 ~.» June , 1945 


neevie ( Aphera) californica ( Dall), 1908, Prince William Sound, Alaska 
( Byerdam) to San: Diego (Kelsey). to Gulf of California ( Dall) 
Type locality, U.S BH. Sta. 2980. is off. San Diego, Calif.,603 fms., mud, 
venDS 39 degrees F. 
“ In the original description Dall states . It has the aspect of an 

: hanoten in spite of the presence of an umbilicus, but is perhaps only a 
, Gelicate form of Trigonostoma,* Grant and Gale. state, ” Admete californica 

Dall may be another variety ( of couthouyi)." However, -nef{ther recognized 
_ the true tyfei:of Admete. The deep water species, californica, corbicula, 
‘and io might well be considered to form a distinct group in Cancellariidae, 
“The shell is described as thin, white with a pale epidermis, the 
who rls slopingly shouldered, sculptured with equally spaced, low, rounded, 
axial ribs and spiral coords. The aperture is without canal, the umbilicus 
_ rather large, in the young relatively smaller, and the columella with 
three plicationse The figure shows the body of the shell to be covered 
with a wide callus. The moasurements are given as, pone of shell, 163 
maxes diameter 8.3 mme® ( Strong). 
‘.. | Collecting data: Elringtoyp Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 
dredged. Extension of range northward from Tillamook, Oregon ( Wed. Eyerdam)$ 
. two specimens from 80 fms. off San Diego collected by Kelsey are in the 
San Diego Museum, 


_Massyla ( Aphera) corbicula ( Dall),1906. ® Santa Barbara Islands to 
Boronado Islands” (Dall). Type locality, U.8.S. Albatross Station 2936, 
off San Diego. 

_ “ The shell is milk white with a thin epidermis, spire short, aper= 
~ture very large. The whorlIs‘are rounded with a narrow, sloping shoulder, 
sculptured with equa:lly spaeed, low axial ribs and spiral cords, slightly 
nodulous at the intersections. The umbilicus fis closed, the inner lip 
callous, and the oolumollea has two oblique plaits near. the proximal end. 
The measurements are Beyer as, Length of shell 21.5, max, diameter 945 mm.“ 
( Strong). 


Massyla ( Aphera) io ( pail), 1896, San Diego, Calif. in.650 fathoms to 
Gulf of Panama in 322 fatgoms ( Dall). Type locaility, U. Se Fish Comnission 
Stue 3354, in $22 fathoms, Gulf of Panama. 

Dall states, ® This species has much’ the look of a gigant Admete, but 
without the arched pillar, Most of the specimens were eroded, and the species 
has a genuine abyssal aspect." The shell is, fusiform, whitish or pink, 
sculptured with rather stout,rounded axial ribs crossed by numerous flattens 
-ed spiral threads, Tha columella has three plaits and the body of the shell 
a wide wash of callus. The measurementa. of the type are given as, Height 
of shell°41, width of last whorl 21 mm ® ( AeMe Strong). 


Massyla (..Aphera ?) microsoma ( Dall), 1908, North Coronado Island (656 fms,) 
to acapuléo, lioxico ie 60 fmbe). Type locality, off Acapulco, Mexico in 660 
fathoms, 

© 40 is very airfioult to place this minute, deep water species in 
any grouping of the family’ Canoollariidae and it wey, not belong in that 
family. Dall states in the original description, "This small species might 
be referred to Admete if it were not for the absence of conoave arcuation 
of the pillar which is characteristic of that genus, and the presence of a 
small umbilical chink.” 

" The shell is thin with a brownish epidermis and tabulated whorls 
sculptured with a keel at the shoulder and spiral cords on the base, entire 


#49 p 14 . June , 1945 


surface with strong lines of growth. The columella has two plaits, the 
anterior of which forms the edge. The measurements. of the type are given 
as, Longe of shell 3.56 maxes diameter 1.8 mm." ( AeMe Strong) e 


Genus Admete Kroyer in Moller,1842. Index. Moll. Groen.,1842, pel5d. 
‘Type ( by monotypy), Admete crispa Moller, which equals Tritonium viridul- 
-um: Fabricius, Fauna. Groene,1760, pe 402. ( Moller in the text ascribes 
the genus Admete to Kroyer). es ae 

® As explained by Pilsbry (1) Admete crispa Moller is identical with 
_ Tritonium viridulum Fabricius of the north Atlantic fauna and is closely 

related to Admete couthouyi ( Jay) which is ciroumboreal. Grant and Gale 
(2), following Dall, give Tritoniun viridulum Fabricius as the type of 
the genus Lora in the, family Turridae in which a large: group of boreal 
species are placed. They state (3) that Admete crispa Moller is a minor 
variety of Admete couthouyi ( Jay). Grant and Gale (4) bring the name "Lora" 
‘viridula Fabricius into the west coast literature by making Fusus fidicula 
Gould a synonym. The latter is a Puget Sound species and seems to be a 
true Turrid, similar in shape and sculpture to viridulum but lacking the 
characters of the columella of the genus Admete. 

The genus Admete differs from all other groups placed in the family 
Cancellariidae in having the columella curved instead of straight, sharply, 
obliquely truncated without terminal plication and with one or more feeble 
plication on the upper portion, frequently not visible in the aperture. The 
shell is more or less turrited, without umbilicus, aperture oval,without 
a distinct canal, and the sculpture is fine and reticulate. There may be 
some question ‘in regard to placing this arctic genus in Cancellariidae 
as the type is said to lack an operculum and the radula to be without teeth" 
( A.M. Strong). : ¥ 
(1). Nautilus, vol.51, Noe4,1938, ppe 115-118, 

(2). Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. volel,193l,p. 512. 
(3) Loe 01s Pe 622 ' a : 
(4) Loe Cl Gey Pe 514 © 


Admete couthouyi ( Jay),1839. Arctic Sea to San Diego, Calif. Circumboreal. 
(Dall). Johnson lists it on the Atlantic coast from Labrador to Massachu-= 
-settse Type locnlity, Massachusetts Bay. 

* Dall in 1921 seems to have been the first to introduce the name 
into west coast literature. The species is not uncommon along the Alaskm 
coaste On the New England coast it has been taken at various depths, one 
retord being that of Albatross Sta. 2115, in 843 fms. The San Diego reccrd, 
if not a misidentification, must have been from some such depth. On both 
e¢oasts the shell is quite tariable in strength of sculpture, amount of 
tabulation to the whorls and presence or absence of plications on the col- 
~umellne or a7 ; 

It was originally described as shell,ovate, somewhat turrited, white, 
Sculptured with distinct lines of growth, sometimes rising into folds near 
the eutures, and coarse. spiral threads. The measurements are given as, Length 

11/20, breadth 7/20 in. ( appromimately 12 x 9 mm)e"® ( AsMe Strong) » 

Grant and Gale, 1931, pe 622 were disposed to consider this a very 
variable species and lump a number of species under it including middendor~ 
-ffiana, gracilior, etce Obviously we are not following them in this cm~ 
~clusione | 

Collecting data: Ketchikan, Alaska in 25 fms. ( G. Willett); Izhut 
Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska,1922 and Drier Bay, Knight Island, Prince William 

Sound, Alaska 1923 ( W.J. Eyerdam); Monterey Bay: 45 fathoms off Santa Cruz, 
and 52-59 fathoms off Point Pinos, in green mus; rare ( A.G. Smith); Puget 


#49 p 15 June, 1945 
Sound ( chever kKineadd). sh ao 


vAdmete couthouyi ieewior Leche,1878. Arctic Ocean to Sea Lion Rook, Wash. 


t Dall). and off San Juan Island, Puget Sound. 
‘ Dre A. iyra Keen gives the following data ; . Admete viridula laevior 
Leche, 1878. This is based on figures in Middendorff"s Beitrage zu einer 


F Malacolp gia. Rossica, vol.2,1848,. ple9, figss 13,14 and pl. 10, figs. 1-2. 
{ Thu. specimen, in figs. 13-14. is. from the Bering Sea ( dimanetones height 
‘20 mme, diam. 11 mm)$ the specimen in fies. 1-2 is from Lappland. There-= 


~fore the type locality is’not specifiad.” ae 
The reference for thd descr Eon is i Koni'tgo Svenska Akademis Hand= 
~lingera, ol.16,1878, pe430 © Arctio"..-- | 
* this ete, seems to be unfigured. It is dosoribed as, shell larger 

than the typical, smoother; suture not as distinct; whorls rounded. The ' 
measurements are given as Longe 224, lat. 11$ mm.” ( A. Me Strong) « 

The variety 1s also figured: in Tryon, vols 7, ple 1% "fige28. However, 
Tryon does, not list it from the west coast, 

Collecting datas Forrester Island, Alaska in 50 fms; ('G. Willett); 


Admete couthouyi undata Leche,1878. Arctic Ocean to Forrester Island, 
Alaska ( Willett), Type lecedity. Greenland, 

Dr. A. Myra Keen gives the following data: " Admete viridula undata 
Leche,1878 ( Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps~Akadiemiens Handlingar, vol.16, 
noe2, pe 47). This is based on Middendorff's Beitrage, ple 10, figs. lh 
type locality Greenland. Dimensions, height 16 mm., diam, 9 mme® 

This subspecies is also figured in Tryon, vol. a ple7, fige27. It has 
not been listed from the west coast. 

Collecting data; Ketchikan, Alaska in 30 fms. ( G. Willett); Drier 
Bay,Alaska ( Eyerdam) ( Strong). 
Admete middendorffiana Dall,1884,. Arctic O¢ean to Bristol Bay, Bering 
Seae( Dall). Type iooality, Nunivak Island, Atctic ( fide Oldroyd), 

"Dall states " This form is perfectly distinct from A. viridula, 
and may prove to be a Cancellaria., Grant and Gale, under A, couthouyl 
state, ° The form middendorffiana Dall, is a low spired variations” The 
glass shows a broadly ovate shell with a nearly straight columella and 
indistinct plaits, sculptured.with fine spiral threads and lines of growth 
which form short axial ribs for a narrow space below the SUuUtS The meas= 
“urements are given on the list of plates as, Altitude 17.5 mme” ( Strong) o 


Admete regina Dall,1911. Arctic Sea to Pribilof Islands ( Dall). Type 


‘Tocality, Plover Bay, Bering Sea in 25 fms. 


eee is described as having a deep, narrow umbilicue and the columella 
with six or more fecble plaits, It seems to be unfigured, but the characters 
above would bar it from the genus Admete and it probably does not belong 
in the fonily Cancellariidae” ( - M. Strong). ; 


#49 p 16 June, 1945 
Family OLIVIDAE 

‘Genus Oliva Martyn,1786. Type ( Sy pubeedueny designation, Dall,1905), 
Oliva corticata Martyn,1786, * Coasts ‘of Guinga? ¥(7)5 -- QO, Aneeateeen Sol+ 
ce (Sere angulata Lamarck, fide Dillwynees”'( Grantand Gale,1931, 062356 

®. Shell ovate-cylindriocal, smooth, polished, spire low, suture cham-= 

sort aperture long, narrow, emarginate anteriorly, channeled posteriorly; 
outer lip sometimes thickened, parietal wall covered ieee ae marked 
by fine, plaits; operculum.and epidermis laokings” | 
Ms Oliva . is distinguished from Olivella by its larger ayoraee. size, lower 
* -gptre, mor more . elongate aperture, and lack off operculum” Grant and Gale. 
“* "The genus Oliva is not represented in the California fauna,” but thero 
are a number of west coast species in the southern provinces. The following 
list of Species will be followed by Mr. AvM. Btrong's, key to: speciess 


’ Oliva spicata Bolten,1798/ ‘(Lower Calif. to Panama) 
variety polpasta Duclos,1840: Ai a ey oe ant 

variety fuscata Morrat, 1870. ae eee 

variety oniska Duclos 

variety cumingia Reeve. ... el 

variety Saas Carpenter 

variety, pindarina indarina Duclos 

variety hemphilli Stearns ; 
Oliva incrassata BELLO ei ocey ( Magdalena Bay to Peru) 


Oliva hiatula Duclos... = ; ( Gulf of California to Chile) . 
Oliya porphyria Lamarck. ’ aa Gulf of Calif. to Panama). 
olive splendidula Sowerby ( Gulf of Calif, to Panama) 
Oliva Oliva julieta 1 Duclos, 1835 « Gulf of Calif. td Foy 
Oliva peruviana Lamarck, 1810 . ( Panama to’ Peru) | 


Key to specics ‘of the genus Oliva on the west coast 
Shell large, operculum absent. - 
e Columellar plaits ‘only showing toward ane pane 
ee Body whorl slightly contracted and angulated at shoulder | 
eee Painted with dotted or dashed zigzag chestnut lines ° ! 
50 mme Panama to Chile Coe e eter eee e reer eweeee sees peruyians 
Tryon 5, pe 74 Reeve, ple 9, fig. 14 © 
« Columellar plaits numerous but short and indistinct 
ee Upper part of body whorl contracted, lip waved 
eee Densely painted with a network of reddish lines 
5O mm Scammon Lagoon to Panama. . re ep rer errr spicata ; 
Tryon, vol«5, ple27, fige62. Reeve plel0, 8h,l6éb >> 
ee Upper. part of’ Seay word more or loss swollen i ee 
eee Spotted and angularly streaked with olive : 
80 mm Lowor Califo to Peru eeseseeevecrceseseceeess iAncrassata ‘' 
‘Tryon 5, pe 82. Reeve, ple 1, fige Je . — at 
ete Profusely painted with large blagkish spots . ; 
Gulf of Calif. to Peru sete reereseneeeene essen | julieta ° 
Reeve ple 9, figs 15-6 " a 
es Shell evenly, cylindrically oblong | Se” Ghee a, te 
eee Mottled ond lined with reddish in 2 Spenine bands ean 
100 iijem eGullet Cadditectou PANAMA “sexi ss cles cious baeles porphyria’ : 
_. Tryon'5, pe 74— Reeve, plel, Pee . 
» Columellar plaits Uetrone and distant: 
ee Shell fusiformly ovate : 
eee Faintly clouded or angularly streaked with brown F 
60 mm. ‘Gulf of Caliis: to Chile <ceviessdatcesesseess  hietula. 
Tryon 5, p 88 Reeve, ple 18, fige 35 sf aa 


#49 p 17 Jane, 1945 
#0. Shell eylindrically oblong 
eye Iwo bands of interrupted triangular brown markings 
‘SO mm Lower Calife to Panamp ‘eecsscecccecseveee Splendidula 
‘ ae Tryon p 74 Reeve, ploll, fig. 17 


Genus Olivella Swainson,183l, Type ( by subsequent designation,Dall, 
1909), Oliva purpurata Seaton =~ O« dama ( Wood). Fide Grant & Gale,pe 625. 
The genus Olivella has a horny operculum which distinguishes it from 
Oliva. 
ape the “following list of species covering the entire west coast will be 
followed by Mr» A.M. Strong's key to the species, We will then take up a 
more detailed disoussion of the species reported from Pan Diego northward. 


Olivella a_biplivata sata Sowerby,1825. ( Vancouver to Magdalena Bay) 

Olivella baetisa isa Carpenter, 1864. ( Aleutians to Cape San Lucas) 

Olivella porteri Dal1,1910. ( Redondo to Magdalena Bay) 

Olivella pedroana Conrad. 1856 - pyena Berry,1935, ( Puget Snd. to Cape 
San Lucas). 


Olivella petiolita Duclos. ( Newport to Gulf of California) 
Oliveltla dama Mawe in Wood,1828. ( Guir of:Calif.) 
Olivella térgina Duclos, ( Magdalena Bay to Peru) 


Olivella myriadina Duclos,1835. ( Gulf of Calif, to Paname’) 
eso mime inaae ear arck 1810. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) 
Olivella gonalis Lamarck,1810 ( Gulf of Calif; to Peru) 
Olivella— lla gracilis ( Bonocnil 1829 ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama) 
Olivella semistriata Gray,1839, ( Gulf of Calif. to Peru) 


ee we a eee, 


Olivella kaleontine Duclos,1835. ( Gulf of Calif. to Peru) 


Olivella anazora Duclos ( Gulf of Calif.) 

Olivella volutella Lamarck,1810, ( Gulf of Calif. to Peru) 
Olivella zonocta Duclos (Guilt ofiCalif,) 

Olivella tehuelcha Duclos ( Tres Marias Islands to Panama ) 
Olivella versicolor Mawe. ¢ Central America) y 
Olivella salinasénsis Bartsch,1928. ( Ecuador) 

Olivella queyaquilensis’ Bartsch,1928. ( Ecuador) 

Olivella columellaris Sowerby,1825. (‘Central America to Peru). 


Key to species of west coast Olivella 
Columella smooth except for a terminal spiral plication 
» Plication cut by ono or two incised spiral lines ....see- biplicata 
e Plication smooth, rounded al he 
ee Surface of body whorl smooth 
ex>o Body whorl broad, with a short spire wsevecccrerceccceee pyona Berry 
ece Body whorl slender, spire elevated =a 
aceo Shell very small, pure white peseccccavcccccsecceconee myriadina Duclos 
«oro Shell not pure white “ie 
eceee Oolwnella white, colors’ varlable escesevsccccccccese, Dactica Carp, 
eccco Columella chestnut on \ipper part, colors banded eyeeeazanalis Lamarck 
e. Surface of body whorl finely sculptured "ar ee 
ecc¢ Fine spiral striations on lower part of body whorl.,.... semistriata 
ov, Fine axial ribs on upper part of body WhOr] eseseeseeees columelilaris 
Columella with numerous ‘plications a’. 
e Plications in a graded series,stronger toward the base 
eo Shell slender, fusiform, columella white eosccccvecscvoee Gracilis B, & S, 
ec Shell oblong, body whorl broad vs iraaesiect 
eee Spiro elevated, pomuned purplish Pesecreceteceosevceses GCAMG, MAawe 


/ 
/ 


#49 p 18 June , 1945 
see Spare blunt, eonunetae: bluish white ..-..e.+e.... tergina Duclos 
« Plications not in a graded series 
ee Plications divided into two groups 
ees Basal group of plications 4, upper numerous «.... undatella Lamarck 
eee Both basal and upper groups of plications numerous. anazora Duclos 
es Plications all basal, strong eoceseccccsevsoeeeeve VOlutella Lamarck 


Several species listed are not included in the key» Some are of very 
doubtful standing. In others the columella plications are not described. 
If the characters of the plications are constant for the species and they 
seem to be, it makes an easy way to divide the species into several main 
BroupBbe ’ 


Another key to west coast species of Olivella 


Shell smaller, operculum present sececseseeeceseee Genus Olivella 
e Columella smooth, ending in a single plication 
«e Shell elliptical, basal plication strong 
Puget Sound to Cape San Lucas eseoorce ona 
ee Shell oblong, basal plication obscure 
eee Lvory white, semi»pellucid 
4mm Gulf of Calif. to Panama o.ssoccocsocesee myriadina 
Tryon 5, pe 68 
ee Shell ovate, rather swollen above the middle 
eoe White, with 3 spiral chestnut bands 
6 mm Tryon 5,peb7e Reeve pl.29,fig.9l. Gulf of 
Calif. to Peru ee ee et et oe ees zonalis 
ee Shell ovate, base broad and truncated 
eee Posterior half of last whorl spirally striated 
ecee Grayish, with a yellowish spiral band 
Gulf of California to Peru esescceccsecseesee Semistrinta 
Tryon 5, pe 676 Reeve ple 20, fige 61. 
see Anterior half of last whorl axially striated 
ecee Bluish, with 2 narrow yellowish spiral bands 
15 mm Panama to Peru Cec ecescessesevocsessevee COlumellaris 
Tryon 5, pe 67e Reeve, ple23, fig.22 
e Columella ending in a double plication 
ee Shell short ovate, stout 
eee Bluish or grayish, usually unicolor 
25 mms British Columbia to San Piogo essseoeeee biplicata 
+e Shell oblong, spire sharp pointed 
eeeGrayish or drab, unicolor or with darker maculations 
2O mme Alaska to Cape San Lucas ceecccccccccceces baetica 
eee Yellowish, blotched or lined in tent-like patterns” 
15 mm Redondo to Magdalena Bay ...eseeceeeeeees porteri 
« Plications numerous, increasing in size toward the base __ 
ee Shell slender, fusiform 
eee Whitish, with irregular darker reticulations 
20 mm Gulf Of Calif. to Panama ssccsccccccssiscvceve praciiis 
Tryon 5, pe 786 Reeve pl.20, fige46 cara 
ee Shell oblong-cylindrical 
eee Purplish, variegated and spotted with reddish 
35 mm Gulf of Califse to Pertt eoccecesccceessseces kaloontina 
Tryon 5, ps86. Reeve, pls20, figs49. a ee 
ee Shell oblong 
ese Spire long and tapering 


eeoe Whitish,sutural band of brown lines, then reticulated 


25 mm Tryon 5,pe71, Reeve pl 23,f.63. Gulf of Calif. dama 


s 


#49 p 19 June , 1946 | 
eve Spire moderate, sharp pointed © 5 Fs eee 
eooe Purplish, subsutural bandand reticulations, eHeetnae aie ar eT 
18 mn Tryon 5 pe 66 Gulf of California eee petioles i vs 


eae Spire blunt and: swollen Seeds 
esos Yellowish, réetioulated with. oeeee ap ee: te ey Ben 


- 15.:mmy- Gulf of Califfy to Porta eesesesessarey torgina! ‘ toed 
Tryon 5, pe66 Reeve ple26, fig.80 
« Plications divided into two groups 
ee Shell cylindrically ovate, spire -rather short 


'. eee Whitish, zigzag brown lines in two bands 


20.mm Gulf of Califsé. to Pariama’ ¢scssceeceesness undatella 
Reeve pl. 25, fige 73 Tryon 5, pe 70 
ee Shell oblong, spire moderate ; 
eos Whitish, with waved brown axial lines. ' 
18 mm Gulf Of California eserves eresevensecees anazora 
Reeve pl.26, fig.74 
» Columella ending in a group of strong saiutiona va 


ee Colors variable, unicolor or faintly axially lined 


30 mm Gulf of Calif. to Peru ‘Geer ewe sce nersneoene volutella he 
Tryon 5, pe 73. Reeve, pleel, figud4. ' Se 


Sieh as! Ce Ge ce ae NS Te * 


Olivella biplicata(Sowerby)1825 yanoauner Ieland, B.C. to Magdalend "Bay, 
L.C. ( Dall). Type locality ¥ West coast ‘of North hand oat 

This is our common stout -heavy shell species. Among the many color 
varieties described are the following: angelina T.S. Oldroy¢, 19213 fucana 
T.S. Oldroyd,1921; lapillus Yanatta,1915; parva T.S,. Oldroyd,1920. These 
subspecies have been generally placed in the synonymy of the typical.’ If 
any of these are valid the range oxtensions would cover the range of’ ‘the 
typical, Dr. D.S. and E.We Gifford have contributed several very fine pap-~ 
“ers that should be qonsulted by those interested in the color forms of 
this species~ " Color variation in Olivella biplicata™, Nautilus, vol'.55, 
noel, pe 10= " Color variation in Olivella biplicata in various lodalitica® 
Nautilus vols: 56, pe 43~ " Californian 0 [ivellas™ Nautilus vol. Dl, Dal 0% 

‘The consensus of opinion ¢s that while there may be local races, of 
this species that retain rather consistently thoir minor variations in, 
their particular locality, they are, nevertheless of no real importante. 


However, there are opinions on the other side from many car eful studéntse 
Dr. Joshua Le Baily dro, states’ { Per. Comm. April,1945) ” The varieties 


angelina and lapillus I believe to ba legitimate. Angelina I take to be an 


obvious typographical error for. angelenas The, other two varieties I am not 


familiar with. Lapillus .is the,white color variety'which had: already been 
given another name which has no standing bécause it was published witheut 
a description. I believe Mrs. Williamson called it alba « co. Angelena is 
the common fort. The typical form is the heavy coarse ‘¢ looking i form from 
the north, and is quite distinct,.. I believe that Mrs. Williamson also 
used the ae name brunnea;, also without description, It is a name'cf 
no value, but for, the sake. of completeness it might as well be mentioned 
in your notes. Mre Vanatta was of course familiar with it,and the fact hat 
ho published a name for alba but not for brunnea shows that he considered 
the latter name of no importance. The only really brown olives I have ever 
seen have been dead spgcimense Some day I would like to make a biometrical 
study of all the olivgs gn this coast..” Walter.J,.Eyerdam reports O.be_ 
fucana T.S. Oldroyd,1921 from Straitm of Fuca, Wash. Dr. D.S. and Ea We 


Gifford state ( Pere Comm, April,1945) " We really have little to add ‘to 


the opinions expressed in our articles.in * The Nautilus”, As you ‘may ‘judge 
by these, we regard certain forms of biplicata described under separate 


#49 p 20 June , 1945 
hemes as probably falling within the range of ade paned variation rather 
than being true subspecies. 

Collecting data: The species seems to be seasonably abundant in cer- 
-tain places. For example it is possible to collect them by the bushel if 
desired in hiorro Bay and other lagoons during the months of June, July, and 
August. They are almost always present but apparently not in such large 
numkrers. The hahitat is just beneath the surface of the sand. They may be 
easily detected by the trail they leave. With a large screenand spade it 
is possible to collect great numbers ‘in 9 very short time. Our experience 
has heen to find them a common species from Monterey to Todos Santos Bay 
and in almost all possible habitats. We have takenthem on sandy beaches 
along the open sea, in rocky rubble and in algae, in muddy lagoons, ond 
the hathymetric range is of some intcrest.e We picked this species up in 
our dredged in at least 29 fathoms off ifonterey, in 25 fathoms off Redondo 
Beach, and from shale, sand ond gravel bottoms. ( Burch); Monterey Bay 
( Hemphill); Avila, Colif. ( Wilcox); Bolinas, Calif. ( Gifford); Morro 
Bay and San Pedro ( Lowe); San Diego and Point Loma ( Bristdl); La Jolla 
( Bristol); San Diego Bay ( Hemphill); “ I hare taken fine specimens at 
Duxbury Reef, near Bolinas® ( A.G. Smith). 


Olivells haetica Carpenter,1864. Kodiak Island, Alaska to Cape San Lucas 
(Dall). Type locality not specified according to Dra A. tiyra Keen. Mrs . 
Oldroyd stated that it was San Diego. 

There has bern some confusion about this speoies. A number of sbubspec- 
-ies have beendescribed and other species placed in the synonymye Oo. be 
dicgensis 1.5. Oldroyd ,1921 and O. be mextionny 7.5. Oldroyd,1921, have 
beon very ‘generally pueeed in the 5 monymy of the typical. The consensus 
of opinion is to place Olivella portcri Dal],1919 in the synonymy of 
this species. We have topotypes from San eee the type locality of 
porteri nd other sects so labelled. The late Dr. Fred Baker considered 
it a good species. Grontand Gale consider it 2 valid subspecies of bactica. 
liowever , the opinions of the majority is well stated by the terse note of 
Mr. George Willet ue * I think porteri is a pene of baetica of no taxon- 
-omic importance." ir. A.G. Smith comments ™ My recommendation would be 
to drop porteri into the synonymy of bastica. Packard's eno) 2 of port.ri 
from San Francisco Bay undoubtodly refers to 0. }e pyena Berry." 

Dr. poeoue L. Baily Jr. makes some interesting comments ( Per. Comm. 
April,1945) ® Olivella baetica. Frequently misspelled boetits, because 
the edition of Carpenter’s work in which the name was first proposed usod 
a type in which the combination of letters that were united in a single 
character made the a look more like an ow If this bo compared with the 
termination ~idac in the same work it will readily be seen that Carpenter 
spelled the name bactica. Whon Keep brought out the first edition of West 
Coast Shells he belicved that all forms of Olivella s.s. from our const 
could be retained in a single species and so it wosnt a matter of grent 
ues which form he figured. I believe now that what he ord AS 


rene a ee ree ee 


oe the typiont baetica I believe is the one sueeea by Mrs. Wild dameen 
in Proc. U.S.N.M.e ve 15 in 1892. If 211 specimons wero as distinct as these 
two cuts there ape be no doubt that they are good species. In my collec- 
-tion theyare pretty distinct but I cannot separate them in Dr. Berry's 
collection and I doubt if porteri is anything more than 2 place-mode of 
baeticn. The name is in the literature nnd perhaps we will find it necessary 
to keep it but I doubt if it is even a good subspecies." 

Olivella pedroana ( Conrad),1855 isanother specific namo confused 


eee 


with this. “species, ond with the fl! lowing species pycna Berrye D.S. and 


#49 p 21 June , 1945 

Iie. Gifford comment on ey as follows ( per Comme April,1945) ® As to 
the smaller species, pycena and pedrouna seem distinct. ve regard pedroana 
and bactica as merely two names for one e@ species, and of course, pedr edroana 
has priority. we have not seen intorta and porteri , but would not be sur- 
~prised ii they fell within the Timits of variation of pyena_and (or) ped- 
7 mroangs 

~~~ Collecting ree The habitat of this species is very goheral. We have 
taken it in great numbers at certain seasons in the lagoons. In June and 
also in October we recorded it as-being very abundant inside the Estero 
below Ensenada,wMexico, but it seems difficult t state a season of the 
yeor tor it because we have found it in vast numbers for example at San 
Onofre, Calif. in the ruhble reef and sand in November, and in almost un= 
-limited numbers on the sandy beaches between Long Beachand Seal Beach i'n 
Jane and Feb» It is a common dredged shell. Our experience being being 
bring it up from as deep as 40 fms. off Monterey ( but more abundant around 
29 fms.), Redondo Beech and also off Avalon, Catalina Island in 25 fms. 
and less, San Tedro, Calif. in 2) fms., Ensenada,iiexico in 15 fms. ( Burch); 
Southeastern Alaska, north to Sitka, 15-29 fms. ( G. Willett);"Also we coll 
-ccted in November a large series of padroana ( or, as you call it,baetica) 
in the Estero below Ensenada, to which place you kindly directed wee” (Gift 
~ord); Izhut Bay,. Afognak Id., 1922 in 10 fms. sandy mud and also Drier 
Bay, night Island,1923 in 15 fms. sandy mud ( W.d. “yerdam); Hinchinbrook 
Tsland,Alaska ( NOnbere) (Eyerdem);.“ As you go north this species gets 
bigger, apparently reaching the maximum size in Alaska. The Monterey form, 
as you know, is a relatively small one. The most southern record for a 
large specimen is a single one dredged in 50 fathoms on Cordell Bank, 18 .4 
mne in length. The lengths of a lot from Alaska range from 15.4 to 21.6 mn, 
( AG. Smith); Sen Diego ( Fred Baker); San Diego Bay ( Hemphill); La Jolla 
( Bristol); Jefferson Point, Puget Sound ( H.N. Lowe). AS O, porteri- San 
Diego Bay ( Lowe)3 San Diego ( Dr. Fred Baker); So. Coronado Island, 6-15 
fmae ( Dr. Fred Baker); San Benito Island, Lower Calif. in 10 fms. ( Lowe). 


Olivella pyona Berry,1935. Proc. sinlac. Soc. London, vole2l, noe4 (1935), 
pp 262-65, i fig. in text. Port Orford, Orogon south to Morro Rock, Sa 
Luis Obispo Co, ( Burch). Typo locality: Bolinas Bay, Calif. in 3-4 fms. 

" Shell small,heevy,clongatc~nuciform, widest near the middle, the 
spire tapering olmost straightly to an acute point; anterior éxtremity 
truncate. Whorls seven, their slopes nearly straight on the spire, the body 
whorl large ond strongly convex. Suture sharply, narrowly, and deeply chan- 
enclled. Aperture cbout three-fifths the length of the shell, the outer 
lip sharp and distinctly arcuate, its obtuse anterior lobe slightly excced~ 
~ing the columella anteriorly past tho short notch liko canal. Parictal wall 
covered by a strong white oallus, heavicst and of greatest cxtent poster- 
~iorly where it rounds rather abruptly to pass under the free and overhai- 
-ging outer lip just in front of the sutuzal chnahel, tho parictal callus 
not passing tho suture but confluent in the ohannel with a second low callus 
just posterior, developed as the termination of a low calloused band whrh 
bounds the ohannel posteriorly and covers about a third of the adjoining 
whorl before its gradual and final dissapearance, Columellar fold modcrate- 
~ly heavy, usually distinctly duplex but sometimes single, tho columellar 
and extreme anterior region covered by a third white callus which is over- 
~lain near the aperture of tho parietal callus. Surface smooth, lustrous 
undcr magnification seen to be very finely and closely covered with minute 
wevy spirals om the uncalloused portions which are again minutely decuss- 
~ated ty the numerous fine lines of growth, Parietal setae minutely punc- 
-~tatce 

Colour light brownish buff ( usually quite near Tlloul Buff), clouded 


#49 p 22 June, 1946 

brownish, though usually with o rather wide buff spiral band persisting 
below the suture , the whole conspicuously ornamented by numorous highly 
irregular wavy stripes of Fawn Colour or Army Brown, with oocasional 
suffusion of Light Vinaceous Drab; interior, exccpt the buff lip-margin, 
Wolnut Brown to Camco Brown; callous portions white as noted! Measurements 
of the holotype are given, Longe 13.6 mm; max. diam. 7.5; outer lip, 8.4; 
whorls 7. a : 
oe Dr. Berry discusses the problems connected with pedroana dnd intorta 
at length. Dr. Joshua Le Baily Jr. states our prohlems vory clearly a8 
follows ( Pere Comm. April,1945) *® Olivella pycnn. when Dr. Berry des- 
-~cribed this specics he made it clear that ho was not describing a new 
species but only giving a new name to an old species because he was doubt- 
~ful as to the validity of the two names by which it was already lmovwm. 

I have never seen the type of pedroana Conrad but I understand that it 
iso fossil and that it is broken, which is probably why Dall thought it 
wes identionl with baetica at one time and with intorta at another. Unfo - 
~tunately the name pedroana is the oldest name applied to either of our 
two species of Olivella Se8, and it must be used for one of them. My per- 
-sonal feeling is that since so many people hove held opinions at one time 
which conflict with the opinions held by the same peorle at othertimes it 
is clear that the type is too badly damaged for identification and that 
the spocies should be omitted altogether on the ground that the name is a 
nomen nudum. lr. Bartsch would not commit himself as to what it mipht be, 
but would only say that he thought it was the sameas interta., This was 
before Berry had published pycna. As for the name intorta, this was orig- 
-inelly given to a Gulf of California specios. Whethor it was the samo as 
our California species Ico not know. It is not impossiblo that intorta 
was at one time a widely distributod species that has since become extinct 
in the middle of the range leaving two geographically distinct habitats. 
This is the oase with Trivia solandri which is found in the northern part 
of the Gulf but not in the southern part, and also on the coast of the 
ecesn.s. Rut it is not likely that this is the case, nnd therefore it is 
somewhat doubtful if the name belongs to our Olivella, Therefore I think 
Jerry did quite right in renaming it, and I prefer to use his name because 
‘it is the first name to be applied to it which is beyond all possibility 
of doubt. All shells from our coast which have been labelled intorta are 
almost certainly pycna. But pedroana is something os a mystery. Dre Bartsch 
sugested that it might be a place-mode of intorta. Probably he is right ." 

Mr. AwG. Smith states his opinions on this problemas follows ( Por. 
“Comm. April,1945) * 0. yedroana. I agree with Berry that this is unidonti- 
-fiable without access to the type, which is lost, Fora long time I have 
had the feeling that 0. pycna may be -the same as pedroana, This point 
might be settled if-somé of you southern California fossil collectors dis - 
-cover specimens with enough color left on them to show whether they have 
the peculiar zig-zag markings of pycha, I have seen plenty of fossil spec-~ 
-imens that agree with pycna in shape. With respect to the small Olivellas 
I agree that Berry is the one to follow, although the last word may not 
have been said on the problem. It is quite possible that a good case may 
be made out for cnlling the large northern form of 0. bnaetica at least 
a new subspecies on the basis of size and color markings, especially on 
the upper portion of the tody whorl. My experience with baetica from sou~ 
~thorn California bays, such as ea and Mission, is that the colors 
gonernlly tend to be darker on shells freshly collected. Thecolors tend, 
to fade aftor having been in the cabinet for awhile.” 
Mr. George Willett states " This is probably Conrad's pedroana , bub 

he gave no description ond I agree with Berry that his figure is not iden- 
-~tifiable." 


#49 p 25 June, 1946 

Mr. AM. Strong stated an opinion on the Olivella pedroana ( Conrad) 
antters as follows: " Doll changed his mind several times in regard to the 
use of this name but never gave his reasons so we do not know what he com- 
~sidered to be the true characters.s.eBerry in the Nautilus listed a shell 
from Bolinas Bay as the true 0. pedroana. I have specimens from this lot 
that he gave mee Later, Proc. Mal. Soce vole 21, pt.e4, pe262, he described 
a new species. Olivella pycna, using as a type a specimen from this lot. 
This is a rather short, stumpy shell with but a single fold on the colum- 
-clla. This shell has been taken at: monterey and lately at Morro Bay, and 
secms to be quite rarce I would be inclined to take Berry's first opinian.' 

Collecting data: Collected several hundred specimens off Morro Rock 
at the entrance to Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co. in January,1937, and 
dredged a number of specimens oft Pacific Grove, Calif. in 15 fms. ( Burch); 
Princeton, San Mateo County, and at Stinson Beach, Marin Co. ( Gifford); 
Bolinas Bay 3-4 fms. (Weymouth); S. side Tamales Bay, Hog Is. (Williams) 


Olivella intorta Carpenter,1856, Proce Zool. Soc. London for 1856,p.207. 

"O.t. parva,ovoidea, subtumente; sutura vix suloate; albido~-grisca, 
fascia indistincta subsuturali olivaceca,flammulis et maculis purpurco~fuscis 
plus minusve ornata; apertura antice aperta, postice angusta; callositate 
parietali ad suturam penultimam producta; columella maxime interta, plica 
ad basin acuta, in pariete duabus saepe indistinctis; extus, linea spirali 
antica unica.® 

Longe «62. long. spir. .17, lat. .26, div. 60 deg. 

Hab. San Juan; legit Dr. Grecn. Mus. Gould. Item, loc. incert. Mus Cun- 
~inge 

A well marked species, resembling the West Indian O. bullata , ona 
much largor scale. The specimens vary in ttmidity and height of spire. The 
pardotal callosity extending over the penultimate whirl hides the colour 
of ths spire." 

Thanks to Dr. Leo Hertlein for sending us the above copy of the orig- 
-inal description of intorta, This specific name is of particular interest 
because of the very comion Lelief that this species, pedroana and pyena 
arc perhaps idsntical. And there are mountless sets of shells around with 
the label intorta and no one quite curtain what it ise 

ite Avil. Strong makes an interesting suggestion " I would rather expect 
it might he 0. baetion menicana Oldroyd. We should have almost everything 
in the shape of Olivollas from that territory." 


Olivella petiolita Duclos, 7? Newport, Malif. to Gulf of Calif. ? 
“~~ It is not our intention to propose adding this species to the Calif- 
~ornia fauna until we have had more information. Mr. George Willett has 

a sot of shells from off Newport that may prove to be this species or 


perhaps a new species. 


Genus Agaronia 
Apnronia testacea Lamarck Gulf of California to Panama, 
\ 
Genus Harpa 


Herpa crenata Swainson,1822. Gulf of Calif, to Panama 


#49 p 24 ,. Juno, 1945 
Family ae 


The following key is taken from Mr. Acile Strong's notebook. . 


Shell with a visible Hees 
« Shell large, 3/4 inch or more in length «reeeeesee tiarginella 
Re. Sole MoWwpMindlat inc bia coe sanilet cha Seas ten saccae c5r Prunum)_ 
eee Interior rrownish, outer lip white .-sereeeeses- SaApotilla Hinds 
eee Interior orange haneed, outer lip edged with violet.. curta | Sowerby 
eee Interior white, outer lip tinted with yellow ... albuminosa Dall 
‘Shell small, less than #+ inch in length. 

ee Outer surface with color markings, 
bee Shield leova conorsoblon use sae + weeks ieenas Foradcula 
eeee Surface with half moon shaped spots in spiral rows 
evees Spots concave to the right eeocesevesececeeveeee frumenta Soworby 
esess Spots concave to the left o.sscseceeeseeeceeeee Phrygia Sowerby ~ 
sees Surface with spiral series of interrupted, dark lines 
eooee Spiral lines tending to form a darker a 

; peripheral Hand eocessececeereveeereceesves imbricata Hinds 
eoeee Spiral linos tending to form two darker bands os “adamsiana P, & Le 
wees Surface with spots and streaks elongated axially..— dub iosa | Dall 
eoes Surface with square brown dotS ssesssoesesoseeeee 2 tessellata Lamarck 
eee Shell elongated, sides almost parallel ecsevescooe Hyalina 
eee» Shell rather stout, colors distinct, banded vee. californica. Tomlin 
eoee Shell more slender, color bands fainter sesvecceee ~ parallela . Dall 
masono dl, pling cH tomes ears reais eGt note see Von umiwsice CVStLO CUS: 
sos Length 4.5 mms. Ratio diam. to length 1 to 1.5.....+0. jewettii Carp. 
Cae Lenecr 3.5 mme Ratio diom. td length 1 to 127 we. subtrigona Carpe 
eee Length 3.25 mneRatio diam. to ‘length 1 to 1.44 .,. regularis Carpe 
1 
if 
it 


see Length Sf my Ratio diam. to length 1 to’ 2 s<..e politulus Dall 

eee Length 3.5: mm. Ratio diam. to length 1 to 2.1 «2+ myrmecoon Dall 

«se Length 2.25 ma,Ratio diam. to length 1 to ioe peepee O.B. Adams 
eee Length 0685 mmeRatio diam. to length 1 to 1.5 » Folita Carpenter 
Spire covered by an extension of the outer Lip sees. ‘Oypracolina 

» Shell very small, white, sometimes tinged with orange- pyriformia Carp . 
. Snel. ene lower end of aperture narrower e.ee ep ARIES Carpe 


oe nee eremus Dall and Me Ne anticloa _ Pall not included. I can find 
no genus in which “to placo theme 


The following list of species covers the entire coast. Ve will then 
take up a more detailed disoussion of the sik unas Fen Sue: north of San 
Deoeee Calif. 


Genus HARGINULLA Lamarck,1799 ‘Type, Voluta _glabella Linnaeus. 
Soren gs frunum  Herrmannsen,1862. Type. M. prunum Gmelin. 
lor ginolla ( Prunum) curta Sowerby,1832. ( Gulf of Calif. to Peru) 
Marginelia _ ("Prunum) altuminosa Dall,1919. ( West Mexico) 
Narginelin ( _Pronum) ‘Sapotilla i Hinds,1844, ( Panama to Peru) 
‘Nerginella (“Prunum) marginata: Born. (.Panama, also Atlantic ).’' 
‘Gonus Cystiscus Stimpson,1865. Type, Ce capensis Stimpson. 
Cystiscus. Jevottii ( Carpenter),1869., ( Monterey to Lower Calif.) 


Gystiscus regularis ( Garpenter |, 1865. -( Monterey to Gulf of Calif, ) 
Cyetiscus subtrigonn ( Carpenter),1865. ( Monterey to, San Diego) 
Cys stiscus s_politulas( Dall),1919. ( Santa Barbara to Capé San Lucas) 


Cystiscus 1 is minor Cs. te on ( San Pedro to Panama) 


49 p 26 June, 1945 
Cystiscus politus ( Carpenter) ,1857. ( Gulf of Calif.) 


Cystiscus anticlea(Dall),1919. ( Galapagos) 

“Genus Persicula Schumacher,1817. Type, P. variabilis Schumacher 
Persicula phrygia ( Sowerby), 1846. ( Gulf of Calif. to Galapagos) 
Porsicula frumonta(Sowerby),1832. ( Gulf of Calif. to Chile) 
Porsicula dubiosa ( Dall),1871. ( Gulf of Calif. to Acapulco) 
Persicula imbricata ( avden 1844, ( Acapulco to Galapagos) 
Persicula tessellata Lemarck ( Central America to Panama) 

Porsicula rubolla ( §,B. Sdems),1845. ( Galapagos ‘est Indics) 
Persicula adamsiana ( Pilsbry « Lowe),1932. ( Panama Bay) 
HMarginella ( Serrata) eremus Dall,1919. ( Galapagos) 

~ Genus Hyalina Schumacher,1817. Type, He pellucida penunaenon: 
Hyalina californica ( Tomlin),1916, ( San Pedro to Puerto Libertad) 
Hyalina myrmccoon (Dall), 1919. ( San Diego). 

“Genus Cypracolina Cerulli-Irelli,1911. Type, Cryptospira clandestina Br. 
Cypraeolina pyriformis ( Carpenter), 1865. ( Alaska to Cape San Lucas) 


ae = 


Cypracolina margzritula ( Gavpentons 1857. ( Gulf of Calif. to Panama). 


Genus Hyalina Schumaocher,1817. ‘Type ( by monotypy), H. He pellucida 
Schumacher. 

" Sholl small; spire low or concoaled by a callus wash or by the post= 
~orior margin of the aperture; outer lip simple or slightly thickened, with- 
-out strong denticulations.” 


Hyalina californica ( Tomlin),1916. Santa Monica Bay, Calif. ( Burch) to 
Puerto Lib rtad, lioxico.s Dr. A.M. Keen calls attention to the fact that. 
the species was reportod from the Galepagos by Stearns, Type locality, 
San Pedro, Calif. 

This species is reported by earlier authors as M. varia Sowerbye 

Dr. Joshua L. Baily Jr. comments on our changes in nomenclature as 
follows ( rer, Comm, April,1945), ® Hyalina californica. This name is 
something of a mystory to me. I believe the true varia is something diff- 
-erent, or that Dr. Tomlin considered it soe I do not know what the true 
varia is. The name Hyalina is used for what formerly was called Volvarina 
Hinds. This may or may not have been the same as Volvaria Lamarck which 
is now placed in the Acteonidae. No one has ever published a synonymy of 
this complex of names to. indicate why Hyalina should be used. We must take 
it on- authoritarian grounds. And I do not know why Cystiscus eile Gypraeo~ 
-lina should be made subgenera of Hyalina. Jo my mind they don't look 
enough aliko. I should consider calling them all subgenera of Marginella ae 

Collecting datak Habitat in rocky rubble under stones at low tide 
line. It is not an uncommon little shell but it takes rather a low tide to 
collect them. We have taken them in numbers from Santa Monica Bay at Malaga 
Cove, Pt. Firmin,San Onofre, to Punta Banda, Mexico. The bathymetric range 
is not deep but we have brought them up in gravel as deep as 25 fms. off 
Catalina Island ( Burch); Guaymas, Sonora,Mexe; Pta. Penasco,Mex.; Pta. 
Libertad, Sonora; La Paz; angeles Bay; San Felipe,hiex.; Topolabampo; San 
Nicholas Island; San Pedro, Calif. ( H.W. Lowe); La Jdélla, Calif. (Bristol); 
San Diego ( Kelsey) 

The southern species or subspecies perhaps as it was deseribed as Mar-~ 
-~ginella californica parallele Dall may have some bearing on the range. Mr. 
Avil. Strong comments on it as follows: " Tke varicty is smaller, even mare 
slender, and much paler in color. There is a reference to M,. varia Sby. 
in Proce Washe Ace Sci, vole4, pe555, which probably belongs hore and the 
variety scems to be the southern form of the California species. It is also 
prohable that some of the southern records listed should:really be referred 
to the variety and it might be well to consider it a good species." 


#49 p 26 , dune, 1946 
Genus Cystiscus Stimpson,1865. Type ( by ROnOn Cystiscus cap-~ 
meus Stimpson — “== CU Marginelly cystiscus Ro dfield). fide Grant @ Gele 
“ Shell small, ovate, aperture hardly reaching spire, mace is very 
low and inconspicuous." 
‘1 "This .. is a group intermediate between Hyalina with a) definite 
spire and Cyproecolina with the spirc concealed by the posteripr margin 
of the elongated aperture” ( Grant and Gale). 

Mr. A.M. Strong states " These form a vory distinct, closely related 
group on the west coast. They are very small with a low &pire covered 
with a transparent callus. The color is pure white and they are highly 
polished. Tall says of them ( Proce UseS Nit. vol.56, pe307) * The differ- 
-ences between these small varginollas are not great but appear to bo 
constant enough to take spooifie rank™. Tho best way | to distinguish thom 
is by the size and the relative length and diameter." 


Cystiscus jewettii_ ( Carpenter),1857. ilonterey, Calif. to San Martin 

Island, Lower Calif. ( Baker). Type locality, Sante Barbara, Calif, 
Collecting data: Rather common in dredgings off Monterey, Calif. in 

20 fms. on shale bottom ( burch);'San Pedro, washed in on shore ( G. Willett 

from Tromper); St. Vincent, Calif. ( Lowe). 


Cystiscus subtrigona ( Carpenter),1864, Monterey, Calif. to ( Laf.27,Mex.) 
T Keen Chock List). Type locality, Berit Barbara, Cnlif. 

Collecting data: Dredged in 25 fms. off Redondo Beach, Calif. gravel 
bottom, taken littoral under the rocks at Bird Kook, San Diego .Cos at low 
tide. Have sets from Dr. Fred Baker dredged off S. Coronado Island ( Burch)3 
beach drift at Mncific Grove, rare ( A.G. Smith); San Pedro in 15 fms. 

( G. Willett); Son Pedro, Calif,3; Catalinn Island, Calif. in 50 fms. (Lowe); 
La Jolla, Calif, ( Bristol); San Diego Bay ( Dr. I'red Baker and Hemphill); 
S. Coronado Island in 7-14 fms. and Sen Martin Island, L.C. ( Dr. F. Baker). 


Cystiscus regularis ( Catponter),1664. Monteroy, Calif. to Gulf of Calif . 
Typo locality, Senta Barbara, Calif, 

Sollecting data: From algae at Monterey, Calif. low tide on rocks, 
dredged off Avalon, Catalina Island, Calif. in 25 fms. , littoral on Bird 
Rock, San Diego Co. ( Burch); Gayton: Colif. in 10, fms. and Catalina Island 
in 30 fathoms ( G. Willett); San Pedro, Calif.. ( Lowe) _Montorey ( Button) 3 
fairly common in Monterey Bay ( A.G. Smith). 


Cystisous myrmecoon ( Dall),1919, San Diego, Califs. 
fire Asli. Strong thinks: this is very close to pee etuiue and may be 
identical, 


Cystiscus politulus (‘Cooper MS) Dall, 1919, Santa Barbara, Calif. to 
Tros Marias Islands ( Strong ® nd Hertlein)« Type locality, Catelina Isla nd 
Calif. 

Collecting dats Espiritu Santo | Tey, Gulf of Calif.e; San Gewnnimo Is., 
De Caliters ba Paz /( Hels lowe). 


Cystiscus minor ( C.B. Adams),1852. Sdn Pedro, Calif. to Panamas 
Type looality, Panama. 

Collcoting data: Bay of Panama (He. Lowe); San Diego Bay in 2 fms ., 
San Mortin Island, L.C.; Scammons Lagoon, LeC.3 S. Coronado Island in 7-14 
fathoms ( Dr. Fred Baker). 


#49 p 27 June ,1945 
Genus Cypraeolina Corulli-Irelii,l91l. Type ( by monotypy), Crypto~ 
-spira pionde guna oe Merovia Dall,19290 is in the Sy nOUy Vien 


re es Op oe 


apex of ie shell", } 
typraeolina pyriformis | ( Carpenter),1865. Izhut Bay, Alaska ( Eyerdam) 
to Mazatlan, Mexico, ‘type locality, San Dicgo, Calif. 

Collecting data; A very comnon shell the length of the coast in our 
collecting expericnce. Habitat connected with rocks or gravel probably in 
the algae. Very abundant in algae around Monterey littoral although we 
brought it up in the dredgings in great numbers down as deep as 40 fms. 
although it was more abundant around 20 fms. Common in the gravel off 
Kedondo Boach, Calif. in 25 fms. An odd little thing is that it is rather 
comuon on the backs of the largo Haliotis rufescens brought inbo the 
markets at Monterey and Morro Bay. We have itf rom Fuget Sound to Todos 
Santos Bay, Lower Calif. ( Burch); 

Izhut Bey, Afognak Island,1922, Elrington Id. and Drier Bay, Knight 
'Id., Alaska,1923 and 1924, Boulected by W.J. Eyerdam. Mostly on nullipores 
at low tide. About one out. of ten specimens are white instead of pink. 
Extended range northward 400 miles and wostward 790; Ketchikan, Craig, 
Forrester Island, Alaska, littoral ( G,. ‘illett); Palos Verdes, Calif. 

( Lowe); Monteroy ( Lowe); N. Coronado Island ( Frank Stephens); Ballast 
Point, San Diego ( Kate Stephens); Bear Bay, Peril Strait, Alaska ( Kate 
Stephens); Magdelena Bay ( Orcutt) 

Mr. Asi. Strong comments on Cypracolina na_margaritula _ ( Carpenter) 

" about the only way that this can he separated from C. pyriformis is by 
the smaller size end very slightly diffrent shape. One is tho northern 
and the southern form begins to appear somewhere around Cape San Lucas a 
and ranges to the Galapagos," 


Family VOLU'IDAE 
Genus Boroomelon Dall,1918. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washe voledl, pe137, 
1918. Type, Scanhella stearnsii Dall,1872. 
Dall desoribed Boreomelon as a subgenus of Falgoraria Schumachor, 
1817. Maxwell Smith in” A Review of the Volutidae™,1942 raised Boreomelon 
to generic standing. This sounds logical judging from the figures. I have 
not seen the species.. 


; i 
Pome omer on Stearnsii - Dall), 1872. ° Shumagin Islands, Alaska and westward 


cae Type onan Pribilof Islands, Alaska. 


Boreomelon benthalis ( Pall ),1895, Gulf o? Panama in 1672 fatgoms, 


err ee amar cane 


This species was descrited as Seaphella by Dall and later in his " A Rev. 
of American Volutidae",1907 placed it in Adelomelon. 


.  Gonus Phonacopty ema Dall,i918,. Type ( by orig. desig.), Daphnella 
Contos Dall, 1908. 


Thonsoontyena norton ( Dall),1998, Off Cortez Bank in 984 fms. and off 
San Diego, Colif. in 639 fms. Type locality, off Cortez Bank. 


Genus RAavoneron Dall,1906. Nautilus, vol.19, no.1l2, pel43. Type 
® Voluta® ancilla Soandere 
Adelometon ‘on magollanica (Lamarck),1811. This species is generally listed 
with a range of from Chile to Magellan Straits on this coast and from 


449 p 28 June, 1945 
Uruguay south on the othor const. Our interest in this species is that 
Seephollna nrrihuimi Jad. Rivers,1891, Proce Colif. Acod. of Scie, 2nd Ser. 
%S,Jtly 14,1891, is gencrally placod’in the synonymy of magellanica_ and 
was described by Rivers as having been dredged in Montorey Bay, Dre A.Me 
Keon advises ® Dall in 1909, USGS Prof. Paper 59, bibliography, saysp cone 
~corning Scaphella arnhoimi;:® The shell is ony from iiagellan Strait." 


Somewherc elsp I ruemomber reading 2 note to the effect that Rivers had 
mixed loenlity labels, The species ‘should he deleted from our fauna. 


Other snceles of the family Volutidae reported from the west coast 
south of San Diego follows : 
alee oe ( Solaneer),1786. ( Chile to Magellon Straits) 


a seein ee ee ee 


- eee A peepplon: (pall), 1889, ( Chile) 


Ce ea Veg a 


Genus Enacta He & As Adams ,1853, 
Enaote, cumingli ( Brodorip),1832,  ( Puru to Magdalena Bay) 
| Enacta barnesii ( Gray),1625. ( Cape San Lucas to Peru), 
Enaeta pedersenii Verrill,1879. ‘( La Paz, hiexica). 
; Gonmacieento lien Nall,l9C5. 
Tractolirs sparta Dall,1as5, ( Gulf of Panama ) 
Genus Calliotectum Dail,1a89, 
Calliotectum ¥v vornicosum Dall, 1889, ( Off Ecuador and the Galapagos) 


bo 


Family MITRIDAE of 

Genus hiltre Martyn,17A94,. ‘Type ( by subsequent dosignation, Yall, 
1995), Witra tesscllata Martyn. 

The question of tho use of Martyn or of Lamarck,1799 is again 
presontods Dr. A. Myra Keen advisos ( Per. Comms ) . Until the Internat~ 
-ionnl Zoological Cominission rejects Martyn's names in their entirety, 

I believe we must adopt his generic names. It is to be hhopod a decisim 
will he forthcoming some time on both Martyn and Chemnitz." 

Pre Vall pinced most of our species under the genus Strigatella 
Swainson,1840 and subgenus Atrimitra Dall,1918. The type of Strigatella 
is Mitra zetta Lamarck, 9 smooth, rather ehomt species much like a Fyrene 
fide Gra Grant ; and Galea 


” 


‘The following list of alk covering the entire coast will he 
followed by ir, A.M. Strong's key to species, We will then toke up a 
detailed discussion es the regres ranging from San Diogo northward. 


Nitra enltont B.A. Smith,1802. ° ( San Diego to Ballenas Lagoon) 


liitra idao Melvyille,1893. °  ( Farallones to Cortez Bank) 

hitra mexicana Ds11,1919.— ( Guaymas) ~ 

haitra | oricntoliv naerenee 1897. ( Eeusdor to Chile) 

Nitra swoinsonit seyanortn ( Centrel Amerion) 

iitra znen Strong ond Hertlein ( Santa Maria Bay, Le Calif.) 

TS SC Dei1,1919 ‘ ( Creaoont City to Todos Santos Bay) 
witra coronndcoensis Baie & Spicer,1032. ( Coronado Island) 
inser re_diegensis Dall,1919. °° ( Catalina to San Diego) ,, 

Kitra deloroen Dall, 1903. ( Gulf of California). , 

haitra a_loveans | Filsvry,1931% ( San Podro to San Geronimo Ide, LG) 

Mitre — solinasensis Bartsch, 1928, ( Eeusdor) 

Vitra ottenunts Reeve ,1844. ( Asapulco to Panama) 

Mitre crenata Sw: Taneene 1835. ( Cape San Luoas to West Colombia) 
Nitra offuean Syveinson, 183 5. "(Gulf of Calif. to Panama) 


Vitra ro. erythrogromma | Tomas 1931. ( Corinto to Panama) | 


ee eee 


Mitra funiculats ‘Reeve, 1844, ae ( Gulf of Calif. to Central America) 


#49 p 29 June , 1945 
Mitra belcheri Hinds,1643. ( tiagdalena Bay to Central America) 


Mitra lens Wood, 1828, ( Gulf of Calif, to Peru) 
Mitra tristis Swainson, 1835. ( Gulf of Calif, to Peru) 
Mitra. 1 gratiosa Reeve, 1845. ( Galapagos) 
Vitra marshalli Ranteon: 1931. ( Panama) 
Mitra orcutti Dall,1920, ( San Diego) 


bitra solitaria C. BitAsames lee. Gan pleco Mom banana) 


ete es i ee 


Key to west coast species of Mitra 
Sculpture of fine incised lines or threads only 
« Shell large, over 2 inches in length 
ee Whorls somewhat shouldered 
San Diego to West Mexico eoee fultoni B.A. Smith 
ee Whorls not shouldered 
eoe Fine axial sculpture present 
85 x 25 mme Central America .......+.+.. swainsonii Broderip 
eos All axial sculpture absent 
eeee Spiral sculpture of fine threads 
72 x 24 mm. Gulf of California ...... mexicana Dall 
eeee Spiral sculpture of incised lines 
eeoee Incised lines distinct 
eeeees Incised lines punctate 
56 x 19 mm Farallones to Cortez Bank ..... idae Meltille 
eveeee Incised lines not punctate 
56 x 22 mm Peru and Chile eeoesesseeeee Oriontalis Gray 
eeeee Incised lines indistinct ie 
132 x 36 mm Gulf of Califo wewsseecceeee zaca,otrong,Hanna,Hertlein 
« Shell smaller, about 1 inch or less in length 
ee Spiral sculpture of fine incised lines only 
eee Incised lines over entire surface 
525 x 2.9 mm Catalina Island ...-e.+se+e,-e lJoweana Pilsbry 
eee Incised lines not over entire surface 
eeee Incised lines confined to a subsututal band 
19x Gulf of California seteecssseese, Aolorosa Dall 
eeee Incised lines becoming obsolete on last whorl 
50 x ll mm Crescent City to Todos Santos Bay.. catalinae Dall 
es Spiral sculpture of incised lines and fine threads 
oe. Base with increasingly strong threads 
27.8 x 12.7 mm Beuador secovecescoevocaseve SHLinasensis Bantsch 
eee Base smooth, spiral threads in a subsutural band 
14 x mm Catalina to San Diego os.....seeeeeee. diegensis Dall 
13 mm x 6.25 mm Los Coronados Islands .... coronadoensis Baker 
“= Spleer 
Sculpture of more than incised lines or fine threads 
» Axial sculpture very fine or absent | 
ee Spiral sculpture of sharp cords or keels 
eee Keels alternating in strength 
50 x 10 m= Gulf of Calif. to Central America eee effusa Swainsm 
ese Keels of equal strength . 
esee Interspaces hetween k@els smooth 
60-x 20 mm (Gulf of Calif.-to Panama .......e+e5- funiculata Reeve 
Sculpture of more than incised lines or fine threads- 
« Axial sculpture very fine or absent 
ee Spiral sculpture of sharp cords or eee 
eee Koels of equal strength 
eeee Interspaces between keels axially threaded 
eesee Shell slender, attemuated 
56 x 9 mm Acapulcr to Panama o...seeresveeee attenuata Reeve 


#49 p 30 June , 1945 
eeeee Sholl stout, fusiform 
25 x 9 mm Corinto to Panama esscseves erythrogramma Tomlin 
« Axial sculpture present re 
ee Spiral sculpture of incised lines 
ese Surface pitted ct the middle of the whorls 
65 x 25 mm Gulf of Calif. to Peru osse.seeeee4 lens Wood 
ees Surface not pitted 
eees Axial ribs distinct, cut by the spiral PEGE 
110 x 30 mm Magdalena Bay to Central America .. belchori Hinds 
eoee Axinl rids ond spiral lines indistinct 
59 x 14 mm Gulf of Calif. to Poru esssseeeeee tristis Broderip 
«+ Spiral sculpture of reised cords 2 Oe 
ese Shell elongnate-ovnte 
eoee Axinl rihs extending to the canal 
14.3 x 6 mm Panama Bay evceoscecevvcceseseeceee marshalli Bartsch 
eeee Axinl rihs becoming obsolete anteriorly : 
esees Columellar plaits four 
17.65 x 405 Point Loma to Panama ...+-.eee6 Solitaria C.B. Adams 
eooee Columellar plaits trio i 
566 x 2e7 mm LAT IJOLIO wexecie ieee san weve as care, OTrcuvtl Dali 
eee Sholl subcylindrical,slender A 
15 x 5 mm GALNPAZOKB escccenesveseneve - gratzosa Reeve 


; MEI HC AR A I AE 26 HE RO KOR RK 6 AR OR IC AD OOK OR ROK 
Witra idne Melville,1a93, Foerellone Islands to San Diego and Cortex 
Bank, Calif. Type loeslity, Point Loma, San Diego Co.,Calif. 

This is the North American retorts of the South Amcrican orientalis 
tire Avie Strong comments on these as follows: " The most distinetive 
character by which this differe from ii, orientalis is that the spiral 
striations are minutely punctate and eu eeny t from the subsutural regione 
It has a black similar thick cpidermis." 

Collecting data: This is e very shallow water species at least in 
its typical form. We have dredged a few of them but none deeper than 19 
fms. minus. We have taken it from rocky localities such as Point Firmin, 
fine spocimens from the beeakwater at San Pedro,. the rocky rubble at 
Point «4 Loma, below Le Jolla ( Burch); Point Ioma ( Dr. Fred PBakor)}; 
Sen Pedro ( Hele Lowe)3 Cayucos in 19 fme. ( Ge. Willett). 


Mitra montereyi Berry,192A, Monterey to San Diego, Calif. Type ieee 

Tbis was described and generally ieced as a subspecies of hi, idae - 
In the preliminary discussions of this species the following remarks were 
made by JsQ. Durch " The species I know as montereyi is not only of an 
entirely different shape but the aperture is far longer in proportion to 
the shell than in }:. idae. With the books full of species we oll admit 
classifying with the aid of an atlas why quibble about obviously differ- 
-ent ones ? We have dredged it in 20 to 40 fathoms off Monterey and alm 
have dredged a species off Redondo Beach that must be very close to this 
species if not identical. ‘fe figure both species. Perhaps further study 
may show our shells to be another species still more rébust than montereyl. 
The Redondo specimens are not uncommon in 75 to 100 fathoms." 

ur. A.G. Smith writes " Agres with you that it is » good species. My 
most southern record is 2 specimens from 19 fms. near Cayucos. 

Dr. Joshua L. Baily Jr. comments as follows ™ You are quite right. 
This is a very distinct form. I have recently been sstudying the land snail 
Polygyra cereolus which has several quite distinct varieties which have 
nover becn named, and several others which to me look exactly alike to 
which a multiplicity of nomes have been given." 


#49 p 31 June , 19465 


Mitra catalinae(Dall)1919, Crescent City, Calif, to Todos Santos Bay, Lowor 
Calif. ( Burch). Type locality, San Pedro, Calif, 

Grantand Gale suggest that this species may be but ie young, of Me 
idao, but we have young idae from numerous localitios and cortainly, the 
Species we call cetalinae is quite cistinct. It is one of the really common 
emell specios in the credgings off Redondo Beach, Calif, in the gravel noar 
25 fathoms. The species is so common that aftor ne first half gallon or 
so we quit trking them out of the drocgings. We have never seen a specimen 
eaceeding one inch in length. In fact, one inch is a large specimon in our 
experionco. We found it very common in:the drecgings off Dana Faint, Orango 
county, and less common off Catalina Island and off, Ensenada, Mexico. It 
is not uncommon in littoral collecting all along the const of southern 
California. we have sets from the rocky shores ot San Onofre, La, Jolla etc. 

. It is rather a variable specics.as as might be expected it jis possible to 
select some unususl: sets out of a trey containing several thousand specimons, 
I suggest only that some of these may have been given names. ( Burch). 

lr. A.M. Strong states * I am inclined to think that this is a good species 

‘with the xdult only renching 2 length of . little over an inch. Jt.is cer~ 
-toinly very much like whet one would expect of » young idne. I have never 
seen a shell aoe this sizo which could definitely be.snid to be the young 
of, Me idnao.® 


Mitra diegensis (Dall),1919. Catelino Island to San Diego, Calif, (Dadi) 
Type locslity, San Dicgo, Calif. 

Like a great mony of Dre Dell's species this one ee never been figured 
and, no one, seems positive of what it is, Tho description reminds one of 2 
shell that might be selacted from 2 good series of what we know as catalinae, 
lire AeG. Smith writes of bath ciegensis and loweans " I suspect, 1s you do, 
that maybe these are Ma cate) vlinne  . I have several lots from southern 
Californian thet I have doubtfully eS ee loweana but they a reanall and 
muy be only the young stage of estalinae.” 

From the description this species is very similar to loweann with the 
Spiral lines still stronger. ’ : 

Collecting dates;.Lx Jolla ( Chaney); So. Coronado Island in 10-18 fms, 
( Dr. Fred biker). 


witre loweona Pilsbry,1931,. Nautilus, vol.45, noel, p.29. New name for 
he Lowei Dell,1908, Range: Catalina Islond, Calif. to San Geronimo 
Tslond, Lower Colif. ( H.N. Lowe), ‘Type looality, off Avalon, Cataline 
Isinnd. 
| Mr. A.M. Strong states of this species ® The deseription sounds very 
much: like thet of » young eetelinao with the spirnl strine o little stronger 
than usunl onc the color n Tittle lighter .s is usunl in young specimens. " 
However, lire George willett considers it o velid species and has taken 
it off Sen Pedro, Calif. in 1520 fathoms. 
There is . paratype in the San Diego Museum from 50 fms. off C:-talina, 


Vitra solitsrin C.B. Adoems,1852. Point Loma, Calif. to Panama. ( Dall) 
‘type loenlity, Panama. 
This species nnd the species orcutti following were placed by Dr. 
Dall uncer the sabgenus Thala H. & A. Adoms,1853, 
lire AwM. Strong sugeosts that perhaps the Point Loma record for solit- 
~srin mey have been ». specimen of a Dall, 


iitra orouttd Dall,1920, © La Jolla, Calif 
Tips possible thet this species may be identical with the above 
mentioned M, solitarin, In.any event it must te excevdingly rare. No mem- 


-ber of the club hsving reported seven seeing " specimen, 


#49 p 32 June, 1945 
Mitra coronndoensie(Baker ond Spicer)1930,. Trsns. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 
Vole 6, 76, pp 1?’6, plel9, figel. Type locality, southenstern end of Los 
Coronndos Islands. The holotype collected by Dre Fred Baker in 6-18 fms 
{4s in the San Diego Museum of Natural History. 
The originsl description follows: : 

© Shell small, dark brown, fusiform, with four smooth, shining, cream-white 
nuclear whorls forming 2 moderately cxpanding, cylindricxl nucleus with a 
blunt apex, bruptly changing to the repidly exponding, brown postnuclear 
whorls; postnuclesr whorls threc, sculptured throughtut with strong,nearly 
verticnl,incremental lines enlarging and turning sharply to the right at 
thoir upper extremities, and with fino, equidistant, shorply incised, pmno- 
-tate spirel grooves, three sppesring on the first whorl, four on the seo- 
-ond, nad five nbove the periphery and twelve on the base of the third or 
body whorls; sutures not impressed, mrrgined below by a narrow line of 
paler brown, the base also being of » prle mbhen brown changing abruptly 
to the dark brown of the balance of shell at the peripheral groove; whorls 
slightly convex, shining; aperture narrow, brown; columella with three 
oblique, whitish pleits; outer lip not thickened or expanded, 

Altitude, 13 mm; greatest diameter, 6.25 mm; length of aperture,8.25 mm. 

This species differs somewhat from the similar Strigntella diegensis 

Doll in general contour, in the persistence of thg incised spiral lines 
over the base and in the coloring which is generally lighter, and presents 
- welldefined pnlce line below the s utures ond a uniform ashen—brown on the 
base. Besides other differenoes, it is distinctly smeller in All correspon-= 
~ding dimensions than Strigotella catalinae Dall and the spire is strnight 
or slightly conenve, while in S. eatalinae it is convex.” 


Mitre fultoni E.A. Smith,1892, Ann. Mag. Nati. Hist., Ser.6, Vol.9, pe 256, 
text figure,18923 Willinmson, Bull. So. Calif. Aend. Soi., Yol.4, ps 123, 
1995; Proce Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 19, p. 197, text fig. 6,1908. ( fide 
Grant and Gale,1931, p. 630). 

Range: San Diego, Calif. to West Mexico. Type locality, Point Abreo jos, 
. Lower Californie, Mexioo. 

3 This species is rather slender'’for tho orientalis group and can be 
cistinguished by » slight shoulder on the whorls and some minor differences 
in sculpture*® ( Grant ond Gale). 

Dr. Ae Myra Keon advises ( Pér. Comn,) * Dr. Stillman Berry reports 
Mitra fultoni from San Divgo. Grant’and Gale gite the original reference 
ano discuss the specics, which apparently must now be added to our faunn®, 

Mr.e George Willett end others hare taken specimens »f this species 
from the Pleistocene of the Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles county. 


Genus Volutomitra Gray,1857,. Types Volutomitre groenlancion Gray. 
" Shell ovate or fusiform, smooth, covered with in epidermis, whorls simple; 
columells with oblique plaits; outer lip thin, simplo, arcunte."(Adams,Vol.1 


Volutomitra alaskana Do11,1992,. Pribilof Islands, snd southward. Off San 
Diego, Calif. in 822 fathoms. Type locality not specified in the ofiginal 
description nccording to Dr. A.M. Keen although stated to be Pribilof 
Islands by Oldroyd. be 


#49 p 33 June, 1945 
Genus Mitromorpha A, Adams in Corpentor,1865, Type ( by monotyrpy) 
| hii tromorpha filosa Car _ Carpenter, 

Shell small, elongately fusiform} whorls flattened, with revolving 
lirao, and sometimos longitudinally: plicate. Aperture narrow; columella 
straight,slightly transversely raed lip BQ bS eno Eh within, scarcely 
sinuated postoriorly." ©. . 4 

Grant and Gale,p. 596, make an excellent case for tele theory that 
this group shtuld be in the family TURRIDAE, and their conclusion has ¥eon 
generally accepted. However, théy use Mitromorpha as a subgenus of the 
genus Mangélia whereas the consensus. of opinion seems to ke to accept the 
transfer to TURRIDAE but retain \witromorpha as a genus: of TURKIDAR,. 

A few of the points are that this group have, no columellar plications 
whtch ig characteristic of the MITRIDAE, They state that Thiele has show 
that M. filosa, the genotype, has a Mangelia radula, 

_ We are discussing this group here bocause for many years they have 
been, placed by- practically all authors in the MITRIDAE no doubt because of 
the mitriform appearanoa of. the type species, 

Dre, Joshua L,. ‘Baily Jr. comments on the problem as: follows(Per, Comm. 
April, 1945) ° The absence of columellar plaits has convincod me that this 
genus does not belong to the Mitridae. But I would not include it under 
Mangilia, It may be closely related but it lacks the anal notch thet char- 
=acterives tho Turridae. Incidentally, I notice that you use the older 
name, Mangelia. To me this seems. to be an obvious typographical error. 
Miangilia had best be considered a genus just as you are using it,* 


Mitromorpha filosa (Carpenter),15€4. Monterey to the Gulf of Calif.(Dall), 
Type locality, Santa Barbara, Calif. 

: Grant end Gale, pe 597, give a comPlete English translation of. the 
opiginal desgription which in Mra. Oldroyd's work is in Latin only with a 
brief gytline, by Tryon. 

Collecting data: Not uncommon in littoral. collecting re rock rubble, 
Malaga Cove, Point Vicente, Point Firmin, White's Paint etc. ( Burch); 

rare dn Monterey bay ( A.G. Smith); San Geronimo Island, Lower Calif, and 
San Pedro and. Monterey, Calif. (-H.N. Lowe); La Jolla, Calif. ('Bristol, 

Lowe and Beokswith); San Diego, Calif. ( feapns Ne Coronado Id,(i.Stevens 


aaa 2 aspera Carpefiter,1865, Monterey, Calif. to Coronado pence 
( Dr. Fred Baker). be locality, Monterey, Calif. . 

Collecting data:"A good species, fairly common in Monterey Bay from 
shore to 15 fms. It. is quite distinct. Look for:it in your dredgings of 
graodlior from Monterey® ( A.G. Smith); dredged off hionterey,Calif. in 
1S to 20 fms, ( Burch); also dredged off Avalon, Catalina Island and off 
Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 fathoms ( Burch ); Malaga’ Cove and San Pedro 
Galif. in 10-15 fms. ( G. Willett); San Pedro and Monterey, Calif. ( Lowe); 
Sen Diego, (Hemphill); La Jolla ( Chaney); Ocean Beach ( Bristol); Coronado 
Islanés in 10-14 fathoms ( Dr. Fred Bakef'), 

Grant and Gale state that this species is tnvermed tate: between inter- 
-foSsa and crassnasporns 


Mitromorpha interfosan ( Gorpeneean 1865. Forrester Island, Alaéka (Will- 
=cett) to Catalina Teland, Calif. Type locality, Noah Bay, Wash.(Fide Gant 
and Gale). \ 

This species was described by Garpenter as a Mangelia . The original 
description is in Oldroyd, vol.2, pt.l, p. 144 as wangelia interfossa .» 

Grant and Gale state that it is very close to aspera distinguished by 
its larger size,more elongate s hebl, less convex whorls, more numerous and 
less nodulous eid riblets and Sfatical cords. 


#49 p 34 June , 1046 
itromorpha fuscoligata — (Dall), ake Bae, to ann Diego, Calif, 
Type locality, Montercy, Oolif. . 

Grant and Gole,1931,r.699 described. Nangelia (i tromorpha) orassasp r 
riving 2 new name iss the epecios formerly known 48 Daphnella f fubooligata 
Dall. The new name for Dall's fuseolignta was warranted | by | Grant and Gale 
if they placed the epecies under pimeneetiee which would mnrke fuscoligata 
Preoccupicd by Mangelin rigida fuscol coligsta Carpanter, However, it is 
obvious that if Dall“s speeies is transferred t» “the genus een 
or for that matter to any other genus in which the name fuscoligata not 
Beceecupiod we must use Pall's name and not CYOBSABPCTHs 

Dall's description of Paphnella fuseqligita “is 4 is in Oldroyd, v.2,ptel, 
p.150, 
ma: However, there scems to be considernble difference of ‘opinion about 
the entire prohlqm of this Species. hr. A.G. Smith writes ( Per. Comm), 
® We don't follow Grant and Gale-end prefer to stay with Dephnolla fusco- 
~ligsta. I beliave Dr, Keen uses Daphnella also. Until better evidence 
da at knnd based on radula ote., we cite ft in the Turridac." 

And Dre Asi. Koon in © Abridged Check List®,1937, pe 69 plyeed the follow ing 
note after the. name ernescspera Grant and Gale (2 Pnnecessary innovation; 
see Daphnelln nelin fyseolignts). 

Sollecting data: Dredged off Monterey in 20 fms. on the shale, off 
Redondo Beach in 26 fms., Malaga Cove in 15 fms. (Burch); San Pedro, Calif» 
in 20 fms. ( G. Willett). 


Mitromorpha , Ted ileea Tryon, ex Hemphill MS,1884. Forrester Island, Alaska 
Ree ee Son Geronimo Island ( He Ne Lowe). The Forrester Ish nd 
reerrd by Dell is questioned by Mr» George Willett who cnllected the speci-~ 
-mens on which pees ca iy, all Forrester Islands records are based. Grant 
and Gale oomment,*® no other referente for the northern part of the range®. 
Typo locnlity, Menterey, Calif. 

Collecting datas In our experience this is by far the most common 
species of this group. iionteroy,San Simeon, Catueos, Punta Banda and Arbol- 
~itos, Lower Calif. Not uncommon un the dredgings off Monterey in 20 fms . 
and ¢ommon off Redondo Beach in 25 fms. ernvel and off Catalina Island. 
(Burch); Corsnados Islands nnd Pfedras Blaneas, Calif. ( Dre F. Bakor). 

Grant and Gale state " This species is truly intermediate between 
filcsa And aspera ond interfo 85a. It 18 more slender than filosa, with a 
more olongate tperturs And ‘smooth outer lip, and has wenk axial sculpture. 


+ at eae eee oe 


Sitar the tpirals. Me Recs Ae similar to aspera but has more numerous 
ribs and epirals then aspora and more rounded whorls, 


Mitromorpha gracilior intermedia Arnold,1903, Monterey to Sante Rosa Island. 
Type Tneeli ity, Pleistocene fone of Dcadman's Island. 


Grent and Gnle place this in thes ynonymy of il. graoilior, ond e »mment 
upon the fret thet Dr. Berry identified this apeeies 98 living 1t Monterey. 


Grant and Gale also place in this group the species deseribed ty Dall 1s 
Mengelia rhyss. Poll,2919, Rango San Diegs to Gulf of Calif. 


#49 p 35 June ,1945 


ADDITIONS AND CORKEC TIONS 
Minutes #48 pp 7,8 . TEITHYIDAB- Dr. Joshua L, Baily Jr. advises us as 
follows: ™ There is one point in the issue which arrived today which needs 
further elucidation which I am not able to give. On page 7 of #48 you give 
Tethys leporina Linnaous as the type of Tethys and as the California repre- 
=sentative you give Tethys californica. Now both of these statemonts aro 
truo but they are not true at the same time. Tethys leporina is the typo of 
Tethys Linnaeus,1767, while Tethys californica belongs to the genus Tethys 
Linnaeus 1758, ‘Unfortunately these two “genera ra with the same name are not at 
all closely related. . 

Since biological romenale cane begins with the 1758 edition of the Sys- 
-tema Naturao, it follows that namos published in this work are entitled to 
priority over names published in any other work. Our California animal then 
is correctly known as Tethys californica, and the type of this genus I do 
not know. I do not know if a type has ever been named, but I assume that 
Tethys depilans is the type. The genus to which Tethys leporina belongs has 
generally been called Fimbria bohadsch, but in opinion 7185 the International 
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature decided to throw out Bohadsch on the 
ground that the adoption of his names would make more confusion than it would 
Settle. Presumably the commission knew what they were doing, but it seems to 
‘me unfortunate that the name Fimbria has to be discarded as there seems to 
be no other well known name availatle for this genus, It does not occur on 
our coast so we do not have to worry, but some one will have to dig up a 
name for it. I do'nt think anyone is qualified to do this who has not searched 
the literature carefully to seo if any name is available. Certainly I should 
not undertake to name it.® 


Minutes es 7/46, pelh Cadulus _ tolmiei Dall, ee Mr. AG» Smith advises on 


to comment, and that is the spelling of Cadulus tolmiei, which Should have 
neti Mi ceten the fre. wstener| was nencdeternnnoenacunetis loien eins 
‘left out the "i*® in Bull, 112 but corrected it later in his " Additions and 
Emendations®, Also I have checked the spelling against the original publio- 
-ation, a copy of which I have. It's a minor point but think you ought to 
correct it.® 


Minutes #45 p.17~ #43 p.17 Semele pacifica Dall,1915. Oarmen Island, Gulf 
of Calif.; Fta, Penasco and Guaymas, 20 fms.; Angel de la Guardia, 20 fms.; 

Magdalena Bay,10 fms.; San Juan dol Sur, Nicauragua ( H.N. Lowe). 

This will extend the range of this species southward from Acapulco to 

Nicaurngua. 
Minutes 743, pe 18- Semele pulchra Sowerby,1832. San Diego ( Hemphill); 
Point Loma ( Bristol); San Felipe, Lower Calif. ( F. Stephens); San Onofre, 
Calif, and Puntarenas. Costa Rica ( H.N. Lowe). 
MenUEee 4745 p 23- ne pot oeniemue en mes (Ocean Beach, EE) Os 


+ ssaealinn enenemner el Leanenns ver meeeenne—al 


fori ( t.N. Lowe), 
lagelus subteres (Conrad), 1887. Ocean Beach, Alamitos Bay, Kino Bay, Sonora, 
Mexico ( H.N. Lowe). 
Tagelus politus (Carpenter),1857. While we do not agrve the no nae note from 
iiss V.S. Bristol of the San Diego Museum should be considered:* Dr. Fred 
Baker once tol@me that Tagelus (?Mesopleura) politus Cpr. had only been 
found in three places-Mazatlan,San Pedro, and the slough beyond Torrey Pines, 
and that it might be the young of T. californianus, Later, he told me that 
TI. affinis will not stand. It is the young of T. californianus.® 


ee eee 


#49 p 36 


June 1945 


LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED IN VICINITY OF ORO BAY,NEV GUINEA, BY LT. COL. 


HUBURT Ge SCHENCK AND ASSOCIATES 


by Dr. A. Myra Keen 


Pelecypoda 
Anadara antiquata (binne) 
Ay gubernasulum (Reeve) vare? 
iS Aw pilyla_ 2 (Reeve) 
Barbatia decussata (Soworby) 
Barbatia fusoa (Eruguiere) 
B. helblingi (Bruguiere) 
Glycymeris cf. G. reevei ( Mayer) 
Volsella sp. (2 
Atrina strangei ( Reeve) 
Pinctada margaritifera (Linne) 
Ostroa 8p. a 
O. cucullata Born 
O. folium Linne 
O. pyxidata Adams and Reeve 


Pesten inaequivalvis Sowerby 
tbe 
Pe. pallium— (jee 
Spondylus ducalis Roding 
Cardita cardioides Reeve 
C. variegata Sowerby 
Corbicula sp. l 
ne Spb py D2 
‘Trapeziym angulatum (Deshayes ) 
Taras cf. ethimae ‘Melvill & Standen 
Anodontion edentula (Linne) 
pocakes Glens) wabuenesne (Philippi 
Gas kia) tigerina (Linne) 


aerate dajiiana (Vanatta) 

Kellia sp. 

Chama aspersa Reeve 

C. brassica Reeve 

C. cfe Ce obliquata Reeve 

Tridacna gigas ( Linne) 

i. serrifera Lamarck 

Petricola (Rupellaria) fabagella 
“Lamarek 

Vopr foardium multispinosum (Reeve) 


Honteardia he peaisene sum (Linne) 


Seen ‘Syttbo lice (Iredale) 

Fulvia aperta a) 

Plagivcardium sotosum (Redfield), 
Ne Vare? 

Vasticardium flavum ( Linne) 

V. lacunosum (Reeve) 

Ve. nebulosum (Reevo) 

V. rubicundum (Reeve) 

V. subrugosum (Sowerby) 

Nie [Sn ions (Melvill & 

Posinia cretacea Reeve 

De 1aminata (Reeve) 

DP. juvenalis (Gmelin) 

Callista'lilacina (Lamarck) 

OF phasianclla C Deshayes) 


Standen) 


Sunetta effossa (Hanley) 


Lioconcha hebraeca (Lamarck) 

Le trimaculata (Lamarck) 

Pitar cf. P. offinis (Gmelin) 

PD. crutescens (Reeve) 

P. pnailescens (Sowerby) 

P. pellucida ( Lamarck) 

Timoclea costellifera(Adoms & Reeve) 
T. cochinensis (Sowerby) 

T. imbricata (Sowerby) 

T. ne sp., aff. T. scabddularis (Hedley) 

Venus toreuma (Goulé) 

Dosinia puerpers (Linne) 

De reticulsta (Linno) 

Tapes variegata (Sowerby) 

Paphia textilo (Gmelin) 

Gefrarium dispar (Dillwyn) 

Ge marmoratym (Reeve ) 

Ge Secuinntan (Linne) 

Circe sp. (juvenile specimen) 

Mactre ottenuata Deshayes 

Ne (Mactotom:)depressa Spengler 

Ii, cfe Me inosrnata Deshayes 

Me incerta Smith 

Iie abbrevinta meretriciformis Reeve 
Cardilia Scmisulcate Lamarck 

Standella (Eastonia) capillacea 1_(Desh) 

Asaphis cf. A. “A. tahcitcnsis Reeve ) 
onax ticolor Lamarck 

D. scnrtum Linne 


D. semisulcatus Hanley 
Garl corrugata (Deshayes) 
Solecurtus philippinarum (Dunker) 
Soletelline (Psammotaea) crassula (Desh) 
So (Pe) fubna tats (Reeve) 
Tellina 8p. 
De Teliseor Line 
T. lanceolata Gtelin 
‘T. cf. T, perplexa Hanley 
T. planissima Anton 
Tt. remies Linne 
T, staurellea Lamarck 


Strigilla cyrenoidea Hanley 
S, (Aeretica) ne SPe 

8. (CA) cf. S. tomlini Smith ( ne spe?) 
Tpolymetis turgida (Deshayes) 
Siligua radiata (Linne) 
Solen gracilis Philippi 
Aloidis tunionota (Hinds) 
Cryptomya (Tugonella) decurtata (Reeve) 
Ce (Te divaricata (Reeve) 


Cer L elliptica ‘Adams 
Martesia striata (Linne), var. 


#49 p 37 


Cephalopoda 
Nautilus pompil Tius Linne 
Spirula spirula (binne) 


Gastropo@a 
Feats Sia ereaes Linne 
Biodova galeata (Helwling) 


D. cf. De proxima (Sowerby) 


Acmaea flammea (Quoy & Gaimard) 
Soaceui cf. S. lyrata Pilsbry 


Trochus maculetyus granosus Linne 
fT. niloticus Linne 

Phymotis phymotis (Helbling) 

Angario. laciniata (Lamarck) 
lotia peronii (kK iener) 

Turbo setosus Gmelin 


Phasianella cf. P. graeffei Punker 


Nerita albicilla Linne 
penis ina auricplata (Lamarck) 


. (Neritodryas) cornea (Linne) 
= coromandeliana Sower y 


June, 1945 


C. (Pustularia) cicercula Linne 
E (Erosaria) eburnea Barnes 
Lae) } erosa Linne 


Foner renosa Solander 
em 9) = ) petrol Linne 


auritia) i intermedia Gray 
C. Errones interrupta Gray 
C. (Luria) isabella Linne 
« (Lyncina) lynx Linne 
C. (Palmadusta) microdon Gray 


Ch Cuonetaria) moneta Linne 
a (Wuclearia)nucleus Linne 


aRES ulchra Gray 
C. (Talpar aria) tal Linne 
sees Tac oa (Lamarck) 
Cassia Cassis (Phalium) areola (Linne) 
Tonna c ett steea maculata of authors 
=- T. dolium (Linne) 


Te Teanten (Linne) 
Distorsio Distorsio anus (Linne) 


N.(Vittina) turrita cumingiana Recluz ; Bursa buf bufonia (Gmelin) 


7 (Neritina) pelizers Lligera inne) 


uf (.) Squamipicta Mousson 
( Vittina) turrita Recluz 


Eanes na. (Vittoida) toida) variepata Lesson 


WV, waigiensis Lesson 
Septaria tessellata (Lamarck) 


eritopsis radula (Linne) 
Terie undulata duleta Gray 


Architectonica por perspectiva (Linne) 
Philippia hybrida cf. cf. var. “» australis 


anley 
Modulus teotum (Gmelia) 
Litiopa meiare stoma Rang 
Po fae ae (Linae) 


peeaaeaas hium asper “ Linne 


@. kochii #h lippi 
C. obeliscus Bruguiere 
ramidella terebelloides A. Adams 


latiea alapapdilionis Gmelin 
N. colamndris Kecluz 
WN. mamillae Gmelin 
No melanostoma Gmelin 
Ve beeeas “s Philippi 
inum Llaevigevtum (Necghis) 
Strombus gctun (Ve Linhe 
S. isebolla Lanarck 
S, lukuanys Linne 
S. Succingtus Linne 
Se urceus Linne 
peers eens eee neen 
Tait it lambis (Linne) 
alee Srivia eryza (Lamarek) 
Cypraea Powe tarle )onnules Linne 
-(Mauritin) arayica (Linne) 


C. (Llyncina) carneoda Linne 


Pythia scarabaeus (Linne) 
Faunus ater (Linne) 
Thiara sp. 
Te sp. cf. I. granifera lineata (Gray) 
Murex ternispina Linne 
Magilus striatus (Ruppel) 
a persica (Linne) 
Dru a (Morula) muricina (Brod.) 
Ds Ti) eoncatenata (Lamarck) 
Pyrene pardalina anaitis (Duclos) 
P. fulgurans punctata (Lamarck) 
» versicolor (Sowerby) 
Cantharus undosus (Lamarck) 
os senticosus (Linne) 


Nassarius albescens (Dunker) 


GENEL annulata nnulata (Gmelin) 


0. funebralis blanda Marrat 


0. offva (Linne) 


QO. retdculata ( Roding) 
Mitra luitra cf. Me ferruginea Lamarek 


Conus ceylanensis Hwass in Bruguiere 
Ce figulinus Linne 
« geographicus Linne 
fae iene Brug. 
of Prcoiie Meuschen 


= midiarie Linne 
Oe mpnachus Linne 


ipera bus Meese 
Terebra (Hastuja) agjoulata (Lam. ) 
‘Agteocina of. A. singaparens aparensis Pilsbry 
2 a oylindnica (Helbligg) 
Vesioa ada Cenke ) 

1 


Ve. ampulla ( Linne) 
Philine cf. P. an as4 Crosse & Fischer 


Solidula solidula (Linne) 


749 p 38 June , 1945 
Siphonaria cf. S. sipho Sowerby 
Papuina tayloriona (Adams & Reeve) 
fielicina aruana Pfeifter 
PECL ELeCELens fat 28 2: 
Harolé@ Harry Ph l/c, 8th division, U.S.5. Algol, AKA 54, Fleet Post Office, 
rancisco, Calif. liome address, Rt.2, Box 222,Shreveport, Louisiana. 

My recent trip to the Western Pacific was a voyage in the most exact 
sense of the word; for, while I was several months 1t sea, I was only a few 
hours on any ahorey in a position to conchologize. I was only near most of 
the places visited, within a few hundred yards, not at them. However, I have 
resigned myself to be content with even that, realizing that even so little 
experience was better than a picture: for I could see them in their real col- 
-or and perspective, at different times of day, and feol their breezes, smell 
their air. There was anothor percept too, 2m essence which did not seem to 
come by any of the other senccs; I was particularly conscious of this climatic 
essence just st Christmas time in the Solomons=- a disagreeable essence, the 
very opposite of the season one usually attributes to Christmas, It was horr- 
-ibly torrid. The naturalness of Saipan was something quite different; over- 
~looking the artificial, of which thore was plenty, and in its most repugnant 
form- war, it hrs an essonce that is strictly idyllic, balmy. 

Even as the ship approached Saipan, I was conscious of this essence by 
the turquoise blue of the calmer water, the emerald green of the gentle slopes 
of the island, and the mist about the low peaks. It seemed a perfect fusim 
of tropic and pemperate regions. Inside the coral reef, which formed a nat- 
-urnl harbor, one could see fathoms into the wator, but not distinctly, so 
that the coral of the bottom oppeared cs patched of ultro-marine and white . 
Whilo in this harkeor tho ship was occasionally visited by vagabond butter- 
-flies and dragonflies, a good mile off shore. Some of these lit upon the 
ship, and 1 thus caught two species: one 2 Papilio, the other more surprising: 
the Monarch Butterfly, so common in the eastern United States, 

My collection of mxrine specimens, here as elsewhere, was limited to 
beach-combing; the material is oll of thc commonessé brought back from the 
Western Pacific, among which is Tellina rugosa, Turbo cetosus Gmelin, Trochus 
owcliscus Linne, Venus purpurea Linne, Natica marochiensis &melin, and 
others<« Judging from the dates of these authors, these species have always 
been among the commoner things brought back from the Pacific. 

Of the non-marinc species I ws able to got a better collection, though 
this too is sadly short of what it might have been, had time allowed. I was 
able to collect a small vinl-full of microscopic pulmonates, from only a 
couple of hand-fulls of sand; this had collected in the groove of a leaf of 
2 common plant, resembling the century plant. It was more surprising, 18 
the plant grew only a few feet from the high tide line. It was also just a 
few foet from » ruined enemy gun emplacement, just to keep us in touch with 
reality. Also taken was a large Succinea, though none were found alive; two 
specios of Opeas, perhaps imported; and several unfamilinr tropicnl snails, 
the identity of which I have not yet determined. In a fresh water slough, 
which was choked with pnle-blue blooming water hyacinths, there was na species 
of Lymnaes which was very numerous. 

“The most interesting find of 111 was a large Achatina , which was lit- 
-erslly everywhery: under decaying vegetation, in grassy, open spots, and 
climbing banana trees. The shells of it were even common on the beach, washed 
in by the tide, and frequently shells were found inhabited by the terrestrial 
hermit crab of tho island. The shell of this species proves identical with 
a shell in the Burch collection, lnbelled Achatinn fulicn (Fer.). My lnrgest 
shells measure 9 om, Alt.; the nuclear whorls are white, polished. Tho noxt 
few whorls show vague microscopic sculpturing consisting of rounded transverse 
growth striae, closely spaced, and cut by numerous spiral lines. This sculp- 


#49 p 39 June, 1945 
-turing is very indistinct, but pPescnt from the later nucloar whorls to 
the penultimate whorl. Tho penultimate whorl »nd body whorl show only irr- 
-egular transverse growth striac, which sre numerous and often incomplete; 
they are wrinkled and puckc?¥ed, showing the vicissitudes of later growth. 
On about the third whorl from the apex, the white color is augmented by thin, 
dim lines of reddish-@rown, which run transversely; these become more prom- 
-inent, larger and flame-shaped as the whorls increase, and gradually the 
white is excluded, On the last whorl of mature shells the white is complete- 
-ly absent,and the color is variegated brown, of several shades. In weather- 
-ed portions of the shell, the brown color may assume 4 pyrple tinge, and 
the white color on the body whorl of immature specimens is replaced by olive. 
This species has already reached prominence in fhe Minutes, 28 being a 
pest of the rubber crop in the Malay peninsula. The above mentioned specimen 
in the Burch collection is from Mauritius, 1nd Mr. Burch informs me that 
the species is indigenous of India, It might bec weil to watoh for further 
records of migrations, and to consider it becouméng a post in other tropical 
countries, especially where rubber is grown. I can not say that it has any 
economic significance in Saipan, though certainly it was sufficiently nun- 
-erous to merit attention in this rmespect. As many as a dozen could be found 
under asingle fallen Banana leaf, 

All of my land excursion on Saipan was limited to a mnall portion of 
the flat, coastal area, just north of the destroyed twon of Gerpan,. 

Noumea, New Caledonia is the only other place of which I can speak 
with eyen a modicum of familiarity. 1 was able to go ashore here several 
afternoons, and, after enjoying this vestige of civilizatien, to explore 
the near-by beaches. Noumea is situated on the western side, near the south- 
~ern end of the island, which is directed north-west ty south-east. This 
portion of the island was dry, like Soythern California; in fact, everyone 
with whom I spoke avout rain had the same bland, disinterested look that me 
is apt to meet in regards this subject in the Golden State. But New Caledonia 
does have rain, 49 inches a year according to the ® Pacific Island Year Bok; 
the important factor is that the rain is unequally distributed. I took one 
trig inland, a short way from the town, and was impressed by the ubiquitous 
Niaculi trees, which formed a sort of scrub forrest of wide extent. It is 
related to the Eucalypti and the forest was very reminiscent of the copse 
of Eucalyptus to be seen in California-the leaf covered forest floor; the 
shade but not shadow; the loose,dangling bark; tho scarsity of undergrowth; 
and the dusty-green foliage. 

It was surprising to find cactus growing in this part of the world; 
there were two species of the opuntia-type, which may have been imported, 
but which were firmly established about the twon. One of them, Very obvious- 
-ld a prickly-pear, was growing just behind the high tide line. 

The town and polulace seemed very picturesque, with emphasis on the 
French influence; the houses, in the more congested areas were built directly 
on the sidewalks, with wooden shutters on the windows, a small overhanging 
dvalcony on the second story, and a formal garden of tropical plants in the 
small patio in the rear. I was much reminded of New Orleans, even concholog- 
“ically ftior the single land snail which I foufd seems, on superficial scrut- 
-iny , to be a Bradyboena, It may be the samewhich occurs in Jackson Square 
of our southern city; and the Bradyboena which I found in Noumea was in the 
public square, in the very center of the town. lic may note in passing that, 
not only do imported snails have a tendency to remain close to human habit- 
~ation, by sonics having ween stowaways to human migrations, but that public 
parks of old cities,and especially sea port cities are excellent places to 
search for exotics, 

The whole island is mountainous, with igneous and metamorphic rocks 
much in evidence; this presented portions of rocky beaches, as well as the 
usual smooth stretches of sand usually associated with tropical isles. Of 


749 p 40 June 1945 
the marine collecting in New Caledonia, I was more fortunate than at Snipan. 
The rocky portions of the intertidal zone produced siz species of Norita, 
as well as two speeies of Littorina, 2 Thais and several of the related 
genera ns covered in hinxwell Smith's rocent tome, chitons and limpets. While 
turning over a rock in the intertodal, I came upon a single specimen of 
a drab, grey-colored nudibranoh, or so it seemed; there was nothing to put 
it in except a broken fragment of a bottle, with scarcely enough water to 
cover it. But surprisingly enough the thing lived in the bottle fragment 
for the rest of the afternoon, all of several hours, while I continued to 
comb the beach. This was rather obliging of a fastidious animal like the 
sca Slugs are wont to bee Even more surprising wis the nonchalance with which 
it crawled about tho palm of my hand. Closer examination showed the creature 
to be an Oncidium, or close to that; this is one of the true Stylommatophor- 
-ous pulmonates which is marine. Dr. Gregg informs me that the group is 
represented in Culifornia, but the larger speoies are to be found in Mexi-~ 
“can waters. !y specimen had only & single pair of tentacles; these are 
tapering, rounded, of moderate length, and slightly bulbed at the terminus, 
with on eye spot on the bulb. These tentacles were invaginable. Furthermore 
the thing displayed a pneumostome, in the median plane and posterior, just 
under: the mantle edge, and over the anus. To be or not to bo a pulmonate, 
such must be his quandry. Back at the ship I placed it in a pint jar of 
salt water , in which it seemed very content, and survived for several davs. 
It would crawl to the surfaceand open the pnceumostome, but 1 never observed 
it with the pneumostome open under water, and indeed it was quick to close 
this aperture when the jab was disturbed, evidently to avoid the entrance 
of water. 

A few days later 1 was again in this rocky strip of littoral zone, 
where I had found the Oncidium. while turning over a stone I was surprised 
to scc a snake, © true ophidian, worming its way among the rocks. This was 
about a foot long, snd slightly larger in diameter than a common pencil. 

The head was small, the nemk not distinct, and the eyes minute, with rounded 
pupils; its oolor was of narrow, alternate bands of black and light blue. 

A remarknble feature was tho tail, which was flnttened in the median plane, 
so that it was paddle shaped. This was one of the Hydrophinac, the truo 

sea snakds. They are related to the cobras and coral snakes, and are like- 
-wise venomous, though the specinen which I found that afternooti mote no 
attempt to strike, even when gently restrained with a stick, or cautiously 
handled. I have read somewhere that these snakes are no great menade, and 
that most casualties result from sorting net-fulls of fish, when an unwary 
fisherman is ovcasionally bitten. While the ship was anchored in the harbor, 
we would see as many as three a day, swimming at the surface of the water. 
These were larger than the one just described, about three feet long, and 
colored tan and black. Anyway, we need not worry about snakes while combing 
American beaches. 

In the same rocky stretch of bench ( very productive, you may note) 
was to be found a most unusunl rock oystere I consider it unususl for sev- 
-ernl reasons: it was growing in a littoral zone of maximum salinity, and 
exposed to open surf; its method of growth was poculiat too, for tho nattach- 
-ed (left) valve wes frequently re-seereted by the mantle , on top of for- 
~mer valves; thus in the course of time the whole surface of the oyster 
colony was raised considerably. There was formed a small cavity between 
the subSequent left talves, at the point of greatest concavity. This was 
na smabl oyster avcraging about 1® from hinge to ventral margin- the greatost 
dimension of the right valve. The edges were s€alloped and rounded,andi the 
covity of the left valve was conical, and 9} d:ep as the dorso-ventral 
measure of the shell. Often the lite left by the umbo of the advancing left 
valve would measure severnl times the shell's hoighth. The surface of the 
colony was relatively smooth,flat; the individuals did not project in all 


#49 p 41 June ,1945 
directions , a8 is found in oyster clusters in the states. Thick masses of 
calcareous substance was thus formed on the rocks, and constituted a micro 
habitat all its own, with the usual opster associates: neriads, barnacles, 
algae, Mystlus , and a small boring clam like Lithophaga, among the old beds. 
The color of the surface was white, with pink, red and purple on the more 
worn places. 

New Caledonia was in one respect very prominent with Cephalopods: I 
found a fragment of a Chambered Nautilus on the beach, and bought a beaut- 
-iful perfect specimen in a curio shop in town. No doubt good specimens 
could have been found on the beaches farther from Noumea. Also in beach 
combing I found cuttle fish bones, and Spirula, Cetching live Ootopi_ was 
the most exciting of all. It happened that we had a light suspended over 
the side of the ship one night while anchored in the harbor. As might be 
expected photonopic things began to collect in legion, all sizes from micro- 
-scopic to pilot fish three feet long. Among these larger things was a species 
of small Octopus which I managed to catch by throwing a plankton net beyond 
them and quickly dragging it in. These I have preserved for future study. 

In swimming, these devil fish looked something like a bull frog in size and 
form, though there was no corallary for head and anterior appendages; the 
tentacles were drawn behind in two diverging groups, and their movement was 
slow. But no one would mistake them for bull frogs; besides being marine, 
they were also a delicate s hade of pink when alive. 

Noumea presented some strange facts, right enough. Another surprise I 
found in a mud flat where I had gone in search of Pythia ; 1 had become int- 
-crested in the anatomy of this group after collecting them in the Admiralty 
Islands, Sut my material was nearly exhausted when I was taken with a ray 
of hope on seeing some shells in a box of mixed shells in one of the town 
shops. Incidentally I would be very pleased to correspond with anyone about 
this group ( anatomy and distribution), and also tho Neritidae. But I was 
telling of the mud flat; thiswas about in its inland extreme, fed by a bit 
of the town's sewage; doubtless it was brackish smong other things, in the 
upper portion. As it was impenetrably overgrown with a bulrush fully twelve 
feet high, I limited my searoh to the lower region nearer the sea. Here, 
the terrainwas more passable. The fresh water influx from the twwn maint- 
~ained a small channel in the beach ofthe flat. At that part was a low 
grove of mangroves with sturdy aerial roots and surface branches which allow- 
-ed one to walk safely above the substrate, be it sewage, mud or incoming 
tide. To reach the mangrove thioket one had to firstcross a wide margin of 
mud which was devoid of all macroscopic vegetation; it was evidently only 
covered by the higher tides, or after an occasional torrential rain, which 
really does happen in Noumea, all kidding aside. At any rate the mud was very 
dry and fissured, end walking was easy. Every few yards was located an assemb- 
-lage of astinating Potamides, possibly P,. telescopium L.; many had sought 
the sanctum of the fissures when the moisture retreated. As you doubtless 
know, Potamides is a large Cerithium-form, beautifully colored, dark brown 
and heavy. They may be 3a inches tall, with a basco of over 1S increas. it 
proceeded to the mangroves, there to search for Pythia ; after taking note 
of the many fiddler crabs and marsh crabs ( Uca and Sosanma, or near), and 
batting a few mosquitoes, I was taken aback at secing a small fish hopping 
about on the mud and snapping insects. These were similat to Golues , at 
least on the closestexamination which they would allow ( several feet); they 
pulled themselves along by aid of the pectoral find. These would not allow 
me to approach closely, fur I was dressed in white, and the day was very 
bright; but if I sat still, several would hop from the water and pursue their 
happy task of insect hunting ashore. When frightened they would divo for 
the closest puddle, and swimming under water or richocheting along the sur- 
-face would make away. Occasionally when startled they would hop to one of 


#49 p 42 June ,1945 
the mangrove roots and up it for several inehes, clinging there with the 
pectoral fins} this is why they are called ° the fish that climb trees" in 
Believe it or Not and the like. I have heard that these fish may be caught 
by coaxing them with a bit of Uea on a strings 
Yot no Pythia,. Instead I contented myself with two other species of 
Auriculidae, and a Littorina which was over an inch tall. 

There were only two other places at which I did any collecting, and 
then for only a few hours at eache Necessity dictated 1 resignation to 
other things than mere collecting; this has developed into a study of the 
anatomy of several of the Pythia, the Neritidae, the Achatina_, and while 


none is yet a conclusion, all progess steadily.” 


BOO OIIIO OE ICR AK 
Lheutelant Colonel Hubert G. Schenck~ Dr. A. Myra keen sends the following 
note about the present activitiee of Colonel Schenck or Dr. Schenck to most 
of us:*% Dr. Schenck was transferred to the Engineers recently and is now 
doing geological work in the Philippines. He writes that it is a new exper- 
-ience to do geology with a cocked pistol in one hand, but that is necessary 
where pockets of Japanese may be encountered at any moment." 
Professor Carl Le Hubbs, The Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, 
Calif. " I had meant to send youa token check for the ° Minutes A abks 
inquiry of my wifeand treasurer discloses that I haven't done so, Although 
I'm far from conchology I do find items of scientific and personal interest 
in your publication. I even find it impossible to resist the temptation to 
oollect mollusks occasionally. I've trought in a lot of specimens of Mytilus 
edulis for Dre Coe; somo of the semi-fossils fron about Salton Sen atc. 
I found a perfect Cypraea spadicea, still pigmented, in a Pleistocone dep- 
~osit at Torrey Pines and hope to collect other species in the deposit in 
a few days." 
Dr. Joshua L. Baily Jr., 4435 Ampudia St., San Diego, Calif. " Enclosed 
please find check for $10.90 of which half is to pay for the Distribution al 
List of Pelesypoda,and five to poy for the notes that will be coming during 
the ensuing yeare I am glad that you have fixed a price on them, and hope 
that you continue to keep me supplied with everything you turn out." 
Mr. AsS.Koto and Adele Koto, 822 Park Ave., Beloit, Wisconsin, * We always 
enjoy the Minutes”, end both Dad and I look forward toreceiving them, I 
am inclosing a couple dollars to help defray the expense of this, You are 
doing a fine jobe wees» Dad was at Bradenton Beach, Fla. this winter, and 
came home about a gonthago. I think that he did verywell ab collecting 
this year, but there is still a lot we havent identified. " 
Mr. Carl I. Thomas, 262 N. Pine St., Orange, Calif. ° I think the contents 
af the " Note” on the Minutes of tHe Conchological Glub states something 
that should have happened a long time ago and is no more than ® the thing® 
only I doubt if’ it is enough. Inclosed check for $5.9, $2.59 for the 
liinutes and the other as donation and dues. War keeps me going as others 
but I am more than casually interested.” 
Dr - WeP. Woodring, U.S. Geological Survey, Geology Dept., Univ. of Calif. 
Los Angeles 24, Calif. We have reason to feel very flattered by the follow- 
-ing note from Dr. Woodring:* Your letter of May 21 and the copy of No.47 
of the Minutes were received shortly efter I mailed my letter of the same 
datereguosting the very number you kindly forwarded, Today I received the 
Number 46. Following up your generous offer, I would be very glad to havo 
any addjtional back numbers you can spare. Your informal publication is 
indispensible to anyono interested in Tertiary, Pleistocono, and Reoont West 
Const mollusks, ” 
Mirs.s Mary Bormann, 4331 Vermont St., Long Beach, Calif. Mrs. Bormann writes 
for possible advice to a friend of hers who 4s making a trip down the coast 
of Mexico in a fishing vessel this summer and is interested in dredging and 
diving. Your editor hastens to reply with many suggestions including one 
that they might need another ecnbin boy or something, 


#49 p 43 June, 1945 
Corrections to the List of Shells Collocted in Vicinity of Oro Bay, New 
Guinea, by Lt. Col. Hubert G. Schenckand Associates :-~ 

Pelecypoda-- family Veneridae 

Lioconcha hebraea should be Lioconcha soworbyi _ ( Deshayes) 
Timoclea aff. scandularis should be Timoclea bella ( Jonas) 

FO ROR OR IO OIG OK ACK IO 
Mr. A. Sorensen, 247 Granite St., Pacific Grovo, Calif. “ In case you think 
that the readors of the Minutes will be interested in reading the list of 
mollusks that can be collected in one short yisit to a small island in the 
Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Group, you may use the enclosed list. 

My grandson, Leroy Sorensen, with Khe Naval Air Transport Service 
brought me this fine lot last week. He had collected them on the reef in 
five hours and fully ninety percent were alive when taken. He had collected 
here with me at Pacific Grove hence it was nothing new to him, and he must 
have made good use of his time. ® 


Species of of shells from Kwajalein, Marshall Islar Islands collected by y Leroy 
Sorensen, nsen, May,1945._ 


Conus coronatus Gmelin Cymatium chlorostomum Lamarck 
Conus catus Hwass Cymatium tuberosum Lamarck 


Conus lividus Hwass 
Sop saat Cymatium trans guebaricum Lamarck 
Conus capitaneus Linne Ma 


cache chet ca Cassis vibex Linne 
Conus _milvs -Linne Sistrum tuberculatum Blainville 


Conus ceylonensis Hwass 


Buta csny a eit altace Sistrum morus Lamarck 
Conus distans Gmelin 


Nassarius thersites Bruguiere 


Vasum ceramicum Linne Hindsia ( Nassa) nivea Gmelin 
Vesum turbinelum Linne Jopas ( Thais) sertum Lamarck 


Trochus obeliscus Gmelin 
Trochus tubiferus Kiener 
Bursa bufoniun Gmelin 

Fursa caelata Broderip 
Turbo ‘bo _argyrostomus Linne 
Tcrithium nodulosum Bruguiere 
Cerithium sinensis Gmelin 
Drupa horrida Lamarck 

Prupn dipitata Lamarck 


Cypraea lynx Linne 

Cypraea isabella Linne 

Cypraea arabica Linne 

Cypraea tigris Linne 

Cypraea caput-serpentis Linne 

Pterocera chiragra Linne 

Barnaea dilatata Souleyet 

Barbatia decussata Sowerby 
= Navicula boucardi Jousseaume 

Trupa ricinius Linne Tine cian anda 

<a bus lentiginosus Linne pines nem rate 


cg cease lebaicesl ips great Siphonaria ana Pils 
Strombus urceus Linne Hoe) NE ae Ae bry 
Strombus yvariabilis Swainson 

luitra litterata Lamarck 


Wiitra chrysalis Reeve 


BCI ACR 

" Iwas glad to sec in the last Minutes that you have finally decided 
to fix a minimum cost to the Minutes. It was high time. I had always won- 
-dered how you managed to scrape along with what came in. Enclosed find 
my check for SSO sain 

In the #48 copy of the Minutes (ifay '45) you reprint a clipping from 
the Seattle Times about an old shell collector, now on Okinawa who has been 
very helpful to our military foroes. It was sent you by Mr. W.J. kyerdam 
who does some speculating about the mans identity. I also had the same 
article which I clipped from a San Francisco paper,and sent it to Ted Pranga 
in Miami, Fla. For if anyone would know the man it would be Ted whose old 
home was Honolulu, The cncelosed reply from him confirms my opinion, but it 
docs not give his name as Ted evidently respected his desire to remain 
unknown" Ted's note about the matter follows: 

" The newspaper clipping is very interesting. Unlike most newspaper 


#49 p 44 June 1945 
articlos, it is remarkably accurates- in fact I don't think there is a 
single incorrect statement in the entire article. I know him very well, 
have been collecting with him and visited him a couple of times in Japan . 
I have not seen him since he arrived in the United States after his impris- 
-onment in Japan, but I have had oorrespondence with him and I knew he was 
out in Okinawa before I saw your clipping. He is a very excellont malacolo- 
-gist ond a remarkably good collector. However, he has no collection of 
his own, as ho sends everything to his brother-in-law in Honolulu, as is 
stated in the clipping. I dont recall whether or not you purchased from me 
when in Miami any shells from Japan. If you did, most of them had passed 
thru his hands." 

AO OOO IDK 
Princeton University, The Library, Princeton, New Jersey. We are honored 
to send this fine old institution a file of our papers and place them on 
our permanent mailing list. 
Mrs. Edward P. Van Duzoa, P.O. Box 285, Alameda, California. Mrs. Van Duzen 
is interested in purchasing shells. Members having duplicate s for sale 
may write here 
Mr. Eed» Post, 609 W. Emma St., Tampa 3, Florida. We were glad to have 
a letter from our good member, but isnt it about time you were getting 
started back to California and home? 
Heathcote Me Woolsey, Green Pastures, Kent, Conn, * I am very glad to 
enclose herewith my check for $2.50 for the minutes of the Conchological 
Club of Southorn Calif. I've enjoyed enaoh issuo that you have boon good 
enough to send me and the total issues kept on file sre of very real value, 
I wish we had something the counterpart of it in the East." 
Eorl C. Huffman, 356 Stanton St.,Pasadena 3, Calif. " I am sending you 
® small parcel of shells and it will be grestly appreciated to have them 
correctly identified. The fresh water specimens I discovered by chance inn 
the Arroyp Seco under the Colorado Street bridge on May 10,1945 while on 
another mission. The stream is but a trickle 1s it is only the seepage 
water from behind Devil's Gate Dam two miles further up the Arroyo. I dis - 
-covered a movement in the mud and tried to show the other party, knowing 
what to exjct on investigntion. To an untrained eye it would have gone 
unnoticed as he couldnt see anything alive in the tiny objects. This is 
why so much is overlooked by beginners. Hadn't the time or might have 
found more- will try again in a week or s0 and by then they may be a bit 
larger. I sent you all but one of each taken, but don't return them as I 
sholl get down there again. The growth lines appearas a series of striped 
but I believe them all to be of the same species. The shells from Pyra- 
-mid ake were recently given me by a friend «so don't know anything about 
them. ‘ 

According to Dr. W.O. Gregg, our final authority on fresw water species, 
the shells from under the Colorado §treet bridge are: 

Phys. osculans Haldeman and Helisoma tenue oaliforniense F.9. Baker. 
"the Physa from the Salton Sea is Physa humerosa Gould, which Dre Gregg 
says is but on ecological form of Physa - sculans Haldeman. ' 

The small specimens from Pyramid Lake, Nevada are Pyrgulifera nevaden- 
~sis (Stcarns),1883. a sa ee 
Wr. Roy Le Morrison, 3745 Grim Aves, San Diego 4, Calif. " Enclosed find 
check for $2.50 fora year enrollment on your madidne list. Took in a gmd 
tide the 50th at Mission Bay, found quite a quantity of Haminoea vesicuéa 
(Gould) at the clam bed north of the bridge. I had previously found Hedilli 
and He vesicula on the east shore. Heminoea vesicula have been quite common 
at the bri bridge all winter and Sprati¢e be 6 le 0S 
Professor J, Harlan Johnson, Oolorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado. 
Thanks fcr the checkand the compliment " We are interested in your work 
and hope you will be able to continue it.” 


9 


#49 p 45 June ,1945 

Waltur F. Webb, 202 Westminster Road, Rochester 7, N.Y. We have a post 
card announcing Mr. Webb's new edition of his shell books. He has over 
1900 illustrations of marine shells. The book sells for $2.50 and should 
have a very large sale at this time, He has ancther publication also at 
$2.50 dealing with the shells of North America north of Mexicos 
Professor Trevor Kincaid, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash, “ I am 
giad to learn that my material was of some value to you in putting together 
your very useful contribution to our systomatized knowledge of Pacifio 
Coast mollusks. It is to be regretted that our opportunities for collecting 
deep water material have been s0 completely curtailed during the past scv- 
-cral years, but we are looking forward to an M-day, the M standing for 
Mollusca, when we can buy up an unused mine-sweeper and get down to business 
in a big way. 

I will bo interestod to see your analysis of the fresh water forms. 
I have avout a peck of material along this lino, but unfortunately I hav e 
preserved only the "shells", whereas it seems evident that the modern sp c- 
-ialists, like the Chinese sonothsayers, must have the entrails of the ani-~ 
-mal before they can cast a horiscope and determine the probable specifi c 
identity of the animal. 

The growth of the minutes has outstripped my proportionate share of 
the cost of getting them out, 80 I am putting a five-spot in the ekitty. e 
Mrs. E.W. Boerstler,P.0. Box 494,Corona del Mar, Calif, % At present we 
are not doing any collecting but will be on the Gob when day tides are 
good again®, Thanks for the check. 
L.M. Wright,CEM, U.S. Navy, 418 Plaza Hotel,Miami, Florida, The box of shells 
sont us by Mr. Wright wore distributed among the members at a recent mect= 
“ing and greatly appreciated. Any collector on the other coast having ample 
duplicates who cares to send a lot to the club will receive our sincere 
thanks. 
Miss Edna N. Wilson,718 Capistrano Place, Mission Beach, Calif, " I am 


enclosing a money order for $10- $5 for a copy of Distributional List,Pt .I 


Pelecypoda. I can make good use of it as I am too lazy to look up all that 
in the other papers, but I am not to: lazy to be on hand for all the early 
morning tides in summer here at the beach amd those in May this year have 
becn particularly joyful®. 

Incidentally Miss Wilson had found more of the very rare things washed 
up on the beaches than anyone I have known. I dont know her socret but think 
it may be a careful examination of washed in kelp holdfasts,. 

Miss Miriam Shepard,Box 364,Route 2, Portland 10,Oregon. "I'm hastening to 
cnelose a check as I should not like to miss a copy of tho minutes. I'm 
glad you've suggested an amount for the fund, because it was hard to guess 
how much was needed. * 
Mr. SG. Skinner,630 Almond,Long Beach 4, Calif. ° Accept my congratulat- 
-ions on your decision to make a charge for the shell club minutes;1 think 
it to be a move in the right direction; paper,postage,and effort will be 
saved. The enclosed is » token of appreciation for past favoré, 2nd I'm 
asking that my name be crossed off the subscription list,as my health and 
Strength are failing, and in all probability shell collecting will soon become 
only a memory- a pleasant memory. 

"The Carm of Life lies in tho thought that we live in the memory of 


our friends", 


Mr. Skinners past support in times of need certainly make him some sort 
of a life time member. At any rate his name will be on any subscription list 
the present editor has anything to do with. 

Professor Louis Brand, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. “Enclosed 
is a check for $2.50 to cover the cost of the Minutes for a year3;l feel sure 
you are right in charging a definite sum for this valuable publication.* 


#49 p 46 June ,1945 


Radulas of West American Mollusca woes 

Here are drawings of a few radulas from our collectian, of species , 
that-we have covered ‘in’ the ‘Minutes. I have also included a few from — 
‘Tryon and,oné from Pilsbry and Lowes paper on the southern fauna. In 
‘all of these the tooth to the left is the ¢entral tooth and those to 
the right are the ‘lateralsand marginals. These are duplicated on the 
left but are not shown. For a discussion of the parts and significance, 
of the radula,se6 Minutes #42, page 23. Thomas A. Burch | 


Sat Ee | Margihella elope a 
_Vesion Poutanen 2 (eit | (Tryon 8.5. Conch 


Moniliopsis incisa (Carpenter) 


ed 
ie 


-Pseudomelatoma torosa Carpenter . 


if Dees ey 
tetas ta ee eT aaa 
pe tee eo pee . 


tiv ewer nt et ae ot ee bem en Ot 


Se A by i Ay AAIANe aes tet 


at 
———n pa “. 


Mitra montereyi Berry= Redondo Beach 75 f [ eae ) 
Pe . . \ AW BAR IM Mat Aes 


" a ie. S| ; an Mitra adusta Mart. 
ee | St ER SE (tryon) 
wy) oe 
VAAY ee iy hee 
as : , Oliva reticularis Lamarck 
Centherus distortus Linnaeus =__ _ { Tryon 8y8. Conch.) 


{ Tryon $8.8. Conch.) 


: fo a ) i 
ea i Foe ee Be en Ae 


| ie / Kelletia kelletii Forbes ae 
/\ Vv we se Redondo Beach 


Engina strongi Pilsbry fe “Lowe 


(Pils, & Lowe) 


#49 p 47 June ,1946 


Explanation of Plate 

1, Vesica quoyana (Dall),1919. Sowerby,Thes. Conche vol.2,pl.123,fig.71,1850 
2.Haminoea vesicula (Gould),1855. Martini & Chemnitz, 1806 svol i yple lo, feco 
3, Haminoea virescens aes VSSoa0 4. fe 16 
af 7 We a Sowerby, Thess Conch,, volec, pleled. fe 65 

ae 4 ie " Newport Bay,Calif. ( Burch) x 1.3 
6, FPhiline californica | a outs 1944. Redondo Beach,Calif.(Burch) typo 

Wee fe “ rt a 1! 


a. e ° with animal crawling. See also drawing in Min.42 BP 
9, Phytia setifer Cooper,1872. Terminal Island, Calif.(Burch) 8/36 x 2 
10.  ™ myosotis (Draparnaud) San Pablo,Calif, (Smith) x 2 

Vite ih ae " Long Island, N.Y. (Jacobson)x 2 

12, Pedipes unisculatus Cooper,1866. Palos Verdes 8/36 (Burch)(5mm) x 3 

lo Massyla modesta icecponten |. 1865. Puget Sound (fT. Kincaid) x 1.3 

14, Photo showing “Slim® Connoly, Miss Connoly, T. Burch and half of Dr. 
Gregg collecting Phytia on Terminal Island as described elsewhere in 
the Minutes by brushing them off the marsh grass, Drawbridge can be 
seen in the distanoe, 

15. Photo showing "Slim", Doo Gregg,and T. Burch laborously collecting 
Pedipes and Truncatella at Palos Verdes just below the swimming pool . 
While it cannot be seen from the picture we are about 15-20 feet away 
from the water, From the picture it ean be seen, however,that we have 
excavated a hole nearly waist deep. This is made easier by proceeding 
at the edge of the bank of rocks thrown up by the waves. In the fore~ 
~ground can be seen old seaweed and ee) grasse Down a little where it 
was moist this had quantities of Fartulum, 

16. Massyla orawfordiana (Nall)1891, Redondo Beach, 50f (Burch) 34mm x 1 ,3 

17. Massyla rhyssa (Dall), 1919. Redondo Beach 75 f ( Burch) x 2.6 

10s “as me San Vicente 20f. 9mm, (Burch ) x 2.6 

19. Admete couthouyi (Jay) ,1839. Puget | Sound ( T. Kincaid) lOmm x 266 

Ot, Ne eae ee 

2le Olivella baetisa Carpenter,1864. Series of 6 showing variatione 
Off Redondo Beaoh, GQalif. 25 f. (Burch). 

2eOlivella pyena Berry, 1935. Morro Rock, San Luis Obispo So. (Burch) 

23, 24 4 Cystiscus 5 subtrigona (Carpenter), 1864, S. Coronado Id, 7-14f (Dr. 

Fred Baker) 2.5mm x 7 ’ 

25. Cystiscus regularis (Carpenter),1864, Catalina Id, 25f (Burch) 3mm x7 

26,27. Cypraeolina pyriformis ents _(Cexpenter). 1865, Mission Bay (Burch) 2mm x7 

28, Cystiscus jewettii(Carpenter),1857. Monterey 20f (Burch ) 5mm x 7 

29, liitra idae 9 Melville, 1893, Ronminat- qetenatca lise great 

30. "  montereyi Berry,1920. Monterey 15 f (Burch) x 1,3 

—p 


Som ae "Redondo Beach 75 f (Burch) x 1.3 

326 Spisula dolabriformis Gonmad, 1867. left valve-- oe type 51411 

oon ne Y right * 

CAS “ left valve, Estero, Todos Santos Bay,Mex. (Burch) 

O56 e strongi ne spe left valve Newport Bay (Strong) x lel 

26 ae a i inside of left valve s 
Cee ae . sf inside of right valve 

oo. ig © hinge of right valve photodrawing 

39. iT] 6 9 ty left 7] 

40. Spisula SoeB Es (mes Sees Hinge of left valve drawn from photograph 


' FT 404 
f 


41. sertilus edulis aeren aie Coe. Newport Bay,Calif. ( Burch ) xg 


4 


ee 
em 
= 
se 
- 
= 
= 
pe 

“a 


DEER Te ER be 


iy 
} 


£ 


#49 p 50 June ,1945 


ADDITIONAL NOTES ON WEST AMERICAN SPISULAS 
WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES 
By Thomas A, Burch 


Bpisula_ dolabriformis Conrad,1867. Plate IJI, figs. 32,33,34,40. 

This was described in the Amorican Journal cof Dercliotiany: vol.3, 
pe193, and was figured in the same journal, vol.5, pl.2, fig.l (see 
Minutes #44, p.15 for refroduotion of figures). This figure shews that 
Conrad used a compesite type. In 1894, Dall redescribod and refigured ‘i 
both species figuréd as Spisula dolabriformis by Conrady Pall named the 
larger species Mactra hemphilli and the smaller Mactra dolabriformis 
(Nautilus, vol.7?, pe 137, pled, fig.2 and p. 138, pled, fig.l respectively. ) 
( see Minutes Has, pe 16 for copy of figure of Ss. dolaor itennian Dall 
apparently was unaware of Conrad! 8 figures dinguuhe Gado nommetarono to 
them, end had not seen Conrad's types since he statec that he had seen 
but two specimens of S, hemphilli,both of which came from San Diego and 
both of which presumably are “in the U.S. National Museum solleoction,. 

Photographs of the smaller of Qonrad's two type spccimens sent to 
us by Dr « Jeanne Sohwengel, show it to be identical with specimons that 
we have been oalling Spisula dolabriformis. See plate III, figs.,32,354, 
& 40; also Minutes #44, p. 14. None of the specimens that the writer had 
seen have the ligament separated from the chondrophore by a shelly plate 
and honce belong to the genus Spisula and not to ene) Since Dall spec 
-ifically stated in Nautilus, vol.7, pel38, that "Nactra dolabriformis s 
is a true poe with the ligament separated from the he cartilage by a 
shelly plate” and since his figure does not have quite the same shape and 
proporticns as ne photograph of Conrad's type or specimens in our coll- 
~ection, it is possible that Nall actually described a Mactra but not 
Spisula dolabriformis, This probably could fnd should be checked at the 
U.S. National Museum where the specimen figured by Dall is located. 

The larger of Conrad's type specimens is apparently no longer in 
existence. This is just as well since if it instead of the smaller spec- 
-~imen were extant, then what we know as Spisula hemphilli would have to 
be called S. dolabriformis , and what we know as 8, dolabrifermis would 
need another name, 


Spisula strongi, new speoies Plate III, figs. 35 to 39. 

Shell triangular, nearly equilateral, anterior end slightly longer; 
enterior dorsal margin nearly straight and sloping gently dewn,posterior 
dorsal margin rounded and slofing abruptly down; ends and ventral margin 
curved; small chink over site of ligament attachment surrounded by a small 
escutcheon; epidermis olive yellow, with a slight ridge of epidermis demar= 
-cating the posterior umbonal slope where the epidermis is wrinkled from 
the remainder of the shell where the epidermis is smooth except for inore- 
~mental lines of grgwth; pallial sinus not extending as far anterior as 
cardinal areas; right hinge with two and left hinge with one posterior 
latoral teeth and each hinge with but one small anterior lateral tooth 
neither of which is divided into proximal and distal portions; cardinal 
tecth like an inverted V with a pesterior projecting spur at the apex, 

Area of ligament attachment not separated from the chondrophore by a shelly 
lamina. Length 62 mm, height 24 mm., width 17 mm 

This shell is nearly identical to 8. dolabriformis but can oasily be 
distinguished by the hinge. 8. dolnbriformis has the anterior lateral teeth 
livided into both a proximal TT ORGNdISCaEaDoE LICH ( see Minutes #44, p.aQ 
and appendix to this article for olassification of lateral teeth) while 
in 5. strongi the anterior lateral teeth are very small and are not divided 


a 


#49 p-61 _ June ,1945 
into proximal and distal portions. In addition the right valve of 58, 
dolabriformis has two anterior lateral teeth while S, strongi has but 
ones Incidentally what I oall the proximal anterior lateral tooth has 
been referred to by others as an accessory shelly lamina acjacent to 
the cardinal teeth, 
The type specimen was collected from Newport Bay, Calif, by Mr. 
A.M. Strong. It has been sent to the U.S. National Museum, 
KEY TO SPECIES OF SPISULA 
Festerior end longer than anterior _ 
o. Pallial sinus Adep seccreceseccccsvesorssccespooe Se QUtilliformis 
ee EOIN e: SIME SHALLIW 1 vos ict + etek es vasa ue ones aig S. .polynyma alaskana 
Posterior end shorter thun anterior -_ Ll 
« Right valve with anterior inferior lateral tooth net divided into two 
distinct teeth, r , 
ee Right valye with four lateral teeth eesseceeeees Se homphilli 
ee Right valve with three lateral teoth esseceessee S, Stron 
e Right valve with anterior inferior lateral tooth divided into two 
distinot teeth, the proximal joining or nearly joining the anterior 
cardinal tooth.( referred to as an accessory shelly lamina adjacent to 
,the cardinal teeth by some authors), 
ee Left valve with anterior lateral tooth not divided ints two distinct 
teeth. 
ese Anterior superior margin of shell definitely convex; hinge plate small 
in proportion to cardinal teeth; proximal anterior inferior lateral 
tioth of right valve éufinitely separated from cardinal teethece 
—: +? 7 . §& faloata 
see Anterior superior margin of shell nearly straight; hinge plate large 
in proportion to cardinal tecth cseeseessseeeee oS. planulata 
ee Left valve with anterior lateral tooth divided into two distinet teeth; 
proximal_anterior inferior lateral tooth of right valve nearly fused 
with the antorior cardinal tooth sevesesssesee Se dolabriformis 


APPENDIX: flassification of lateral tecth in Spisula, 
- I have tried to base this upon what I telleve is a developmental pre=- 


emise as illustrated by our Pacific coast species. In my Denes the binges 
of 8, catilliformis, S. hemphilli, and S. p, alaskana are the most primit- 


~ive or at any rate the least differentiatec, aince these species have but 
two lateral teeth in the left valve and four in the right valve ( 2 anterior 
end 2 posterior). In other spocics of Spisula one or more of these lateral 
teeth 18 separated into tio more or less distinct teeth they are not com 
-pletely separated in S, falcata and S, planulata but are completely depar- 


-ated in Sy dolabriformis). Reference to drawings in Minutes 744, pp.9-14 


and plate III, fig.40 should make this clear, Perhaps erroneously I have 
considered this a sign of differentiation and therefore advancement, Since 

I always get confused when teeth are numbered, os in Keen and Frizzell's 

Key to Pelecypod Genera, I have named the teeth according to their astual 
position with regard to the hinge. While the names may sound confusing, they 
can easily be figured out with the shéll or drawing. Incidentally what I 
coll the proximal anterior lateral tooth is referred to by Dall as an 
accessory shelly lamina adjacent to the eardinal teeth. 


#49 p 52 June, 1945 

New publication received- 
"Revista de la Sociedad Malacologica * Carlos De La Torre®, Museo Poey, 
Universidad De La Habana, vol.2, Diciembre,1944, Numed, 

Fach succeding issue of ate fine paper of our brother students in 
Cuba seems to be an improvement. They are very interesting. I am refreshing 
my Spanish reading theme One short illustrated article is devoted to a 
subject that I wish could be simply translated and reprinted in our Minutes. 
It is a guide forthe description of gastropod mollusks with photographs 
showing the different measurements 2s well as a complete outline to be 
followed. This is an idea so well worth copying that I am hoping to have 
one of our qualified members prepares uch @ paper for us in English. 

In addition to many other interesting articles there is a paper in 
English * A New Tropical Buccinum from Cuba® by Weds Clench and C.G. Aguayo. 
The type came from 288 fathoms but it is interesting to find this genus in 
tropical waters, 


Walter J. Eyerdam, Ocesnic Fisheries, Port Vita, Alaska. We were surprised 
today to receive a censored letter from our member postmarked Kodiak,Alaska,. 
* At Inst Iam on my way to Alaska again to my old job in the herring fishery 
at Port Vita, Kodink islands. I expect to be back in the Lake Union Ship 
Repair yard in October. For three seasons I was barred from going to Alaska 
to this job which is a key position in an essential Al war industry. This 
time it came up again and the military commander said no so I sent a direct 
appeal to our new president. He gave immediate permission to change my job 
and go to Alaska. After four years inthe shipyards this is indeed a weloome 
change for me and I will be working with old friends. It will be several 
weeks before the real herring season starts so I probably won't be working 
more than ten hours per day at firste Anyway there will be some 8 pare time 
once in awhile to collect shells on the beaches when the tides are low alth- 
“ough this logality is not a specially good one and the rocks will later be 
covered with herring oil. When I was at Port Vita and Thum Bay in 1939 an d 
40 I made a splendid collection of at least 5,000 shects of plants includ- 
-ing flowering plants, ferns, mosses, lichens and liverworts. This time I 
also will colleot seaweeds and another series of allthe flowering plants I 
can get during spare time. Mt wife came one hour later to see me off on the 
boat and brought the “Minutes® which had just arrived. I have my west coast 
shell notes gee so I will continue tos end my contribution oe the monthly 
report. It won't be as goodas the one from home because I don't have access 
to my collection. I have just completed the enclosed report for you and you 
will note that some of the northern species that I have are quite rare in 
collections and some I have given greatly extended ranges. Most of the Bucc— 
-inidae and other shells from the Bering Sea were sent to Ipll bythe U.S, 
Fish Commission and I doubt whether there are many of them to be found out- 
-side of the U.S. National hiuseum except for duplicates distributed by Dall 
and Bartsch to a few larger institutions, * 
Ted Dranga,5462 Manin Highway, Miami 53, Fla. * Certainly its time you had 

efinite minimum contribution for your most interesting Minutes. Heres mine.® 
lirs. Harold R. Robertson,136 Buffum St., Buffalo 10, N.Y. ° You should have 
done this long ago- thcyare worth a subscription price and I am enclosingee"” 
Professor J» Harlan Johnson,Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. ® I have 
just had a letter from one of my former students who is stationed in the 
Marionas. Like many of the other officors stationed there, he has become int- 
-erestod in collecting shells os o pastime and wishes mo to recommend a book 
or books which will aid him in identifying thom." 

Dr. Bartsch advised us a short time ago that he had a paper in the press 
to help with just this situation. There really isnt much to recommend at 
this time. Mr. Webb's new book should be of values 


' 


#49 p 53 June ,1945 


New publication received 

Johnsonia, Number 17, May 29,1945. Publishod by the Department of Mollusks 
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass. 

"The Genus Murex in the Western Atlantic” by W.J. Clench and I, Peroz Far- 
-~fante. 56 pages, 28 plates, 

The authors have made a great contribution in this carofully illustr- 
-atej work. There are a few changes in well known specific names, but tho 
generic name Murex is retained for all species the divisions taken care of 
by means of subgenera. This is not only interesting but surprising because 
the trend with recent authors has teen to raise all easily distinguishable 
subgeneric groups to generic standing. Murex 8.8. characterizod by the very 
long siphonal canal is about as different from some of the subgeneric groups 
involved as anything you could find in your entire shell cabinet, The arran- 
-gement of the divisions of the family Muricidac has beena subject of ga- 
“eral discussion among conchologists for many years before and since the 
publication of the proposed new classification of the family by F.C. Baker 
in 1885. About the only thing they could all agree upon though has been that 
the arrangement used by Dall and in general use until recently is impossible, 
Powell,Iredale and many others have been giving generic standing to many of 
the subgenera used in this paper. The present editor is not going on record 
here with an opinion. It has always been a good proposition for debate in 
our club to simply state " Resolved that all clearly distinct subgeneric 
groups should be raised to generic standing”, Those taking the affirmative 
will open by stating that we are presumed to ke using a binomial system,but 
if we use a generic name, ao subgencric name, perhaps a sectional name as well 
as a specific name we are getting into trinomials or quadrinomials or worse, 
Therefore it is simpler to use more genera, The negative is always well repre- 
~sented though with perhaps their loudest complaint that if we establish a 
multitude of different genera no one will know them, 

The editor started out above to announce his pleasure at reoeiving 
this fine paper and just strayed from Khe subject a bit. 

FR RO KK OO 8 AIO 
MINUTES OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA June,1945 

The Conchological Club of Southern California meta t the usual time 
and place Sunday, June 6,1945, 

The meeting was called to order by the president- George Willett. 

No committee reports were given and the fourtecn members present pro- 
-ceeded to study the chosen lesson whioh will be outlined elsewhere in the 
notese 

Most of the species studied were from waters deep or far away and very 
unfamiliar to many of us; but beautiful and interesting as they were, they 
inspired a longing to find them for ourselves, 

As closing time for the museum drew nigh, the meeting was duly adjour- 
-ned, 

Effie M, Clark, Secrctary. 

PETE CT TC Cer TC Cee cere. 2S 

Chester W. Molville,20 Hammondswood Road,Chestnut Hill,Mass, " We returned 
May l after a three months stay at Fort liyers Beach. We found the collecting 
at Sanibel,Marco, and Ft, Myers very poor this winter..." 
birs. H.P. Walker,Route 2, Box 242,Healdsburg, Calif, " I should greatly app- 
~reciate any and all information explaining how to clean end preserve shells 
so that their coloring may be retained.” Inasmuch as your editors collec- 
-tion (much to the annoyance of some friends) consists of shells exactly as 
they came from the ocean, unfortunately in some cases cven retaining a bit 
of the mud, perhaps some of the members with real beauty collections will 
write Mrs. Walker, 


#A9 p 54 June ,1946 

Reve William Henry Fluck, Newfane,Vermont. * I no longer live at *Fahe Forest®, 
My address now is simply, Newfane,¥ermont." Rev. Fluck in his letter gave 
some interesting personal data. ® I have been 2 student of shells for 50 
years. I have more than 100 bound books on the subject, and hundreds of pm- 
~phlets, I have 3,500 species, probably 40,000 shells in 12 large cabinets. 
I have yearsand years of the Nautilus, have collected in Nicaragua and many 
states. I collected with Sterki and lived neighbor to hima nd knew him better 
than some who wrote about him. I have known Pilsbry all my life, lived in 
his city; also Vanatta, until he died. I corresponded with Caesar Ancey 
yearsago,end exchanged with him when I was in Nicarnguace." 
Dr. Aw Myya Keen,Box 1563, Stanford University, Calif, Dre Keen was among 
those who received recent issues of the Minutes in mutilated condition, If 
we have too much of this it will, of course, become necessary to either roll 
them or place them in envelopes. Please advise when your papera rrives torn. 
Dr. Keen suggests ° I wonder (this is jugt a fleeting idea) whethor it would 
be practicable for you to require your " subscribers® to send you in advance 
a sheaf of, say, 12 self-addressed mailing envelopes.* Frankly, I knock 
them out the casiest way which is flat but anybody who oares to send me the 
envelopes will get his paper in his eee and be thanked for them, 
Dr. Bek. Bales, 149 West Main St., Circleville, Ohio, The box of shells 
arrived safely and I want to thankyufor them. Three or more varieties mew 
to the gollection, and when a oollectioh gets up past 8650 varieties, the 
new ones come mighty slowly. It ib beginning to look as though our son who 
is now Stationed it Bermuda will get his discharge in two or three months. 
He will be 42 his next birthday and has been eligible for a discharge for 
some tims but feel’ now that we have the Nastys licked, he wants to get back 
homee I wis hoping that he could eollect some marine shells for me in Ber~ 
“muda, but he has no way to olean them, so I suggested that he confine his 
fmall opportunitfes to collegting land shells, as he could send them home 
alive and I eould do the cleaning. He wrote that he had found a quart tin 
can and was going to fill it with various snails. He wrote in the next 
letter that he had no idea how many snails it took to make a quart, but that 
he was sticking to his original intention to fill the can. More power to him 
and I am expesting a well filled tin can almost any time now and om antici- 
-pating several long sessions of boiling and squirting snails, 
( Reminds the editor of a box of shells he onee receired from the Island of 
Crete, mostly Clausilia. Overlooking the rejuvenating effect of the climate 
of southern California they were opened up ad laid out on the table. The 
hext day they were literally all over the place, It is hoped that they were 
all retreaved and that they died happily in the alcoljol.J 

Had a letter from Ralph Humes yesterday. He has just returned from sev- 
-eral days collecting on the Florida Keys. Says that this is the dryest 
season ever experionced there and that he was none too successful with Liguus 
though he took a few Le osmentie 

Dr. Pilsbry writes that he has but a month or two of work on the last 
volume of ® Land Mollusks of North Amerioa"” and it will be ready for publi- 
-ontion. There will be one color plate of Liguus in this volume, and it is 
a good plate. I have seen ite" 
WG. Parris,Boom,Tonn.s * «oe I hope you continue in the good work. John is 
‘Still in Brooklyn, N.Y. We are expecting Frank Ray home in June fora few 
days. Last word we had from him May 13 he was in Czechoslovakia. ® 
Maxwell Smith, Box 66, Winter Park,Florida, " The May number of your *Minutes® 
hos arrived. It is of yarticular interest to me. You are doing splendid work 
ond deserve proper finanofal support." 
Frank Lyman, Lantana, Flae “ese. but must say your publieations are superduper. 
Certa Ser appreciate your efforts o.% 


#49 p 55 June ,1945 
MINUTES OF THE LONG BEACHS HELL CLUB= June 19,1945 

The president, Mr. EeP. Paker, called the meeting to order. Reference 
was made to the effect that occasional topics in connection with Johnsonia's 
publication are being prepared and to be obtained for $2,50 for 100 pages 
andare well illustrated. Two good books, Animals of the Seashore by Guberlet 
and published by the Metropolitan Press, Portland, Oregon and The Seashore Par 4 
-ade , same author, published by Jaques Cattell Press, Lancaster, Fa. were 
shown. The latter is colorfully illustrated for youngor children. Mr. Ulrich 
showed beautifully marked carpet shells from Naples mud flats. Since the 
Cabrillo Beach area is to be taken over by tho Navy, we arew ondering as to 
the disposition of the museum there, and Mrs Ulrich and Miss Eaton were app- 
-ointed to inquire and act regardi ng contecting supervisors of the county 
to relocate this if it is to be disturbed. Mrs. Bormann has offered to begin 
compiling the shell club collecting data which Mr. Baker has asked the mem- 
-bers to contribute. Many suggestions 16 to the contents were offerec,. Rofer-~ 
-ence was made to the fact that Boy Scouts have no shell knowledge require- 
-ments intheir work outline, In a letter from Miss Zech to Miss Rogers, in 
appreciation of tho fact that her sholl contribution has been housed for 
future shell collectors, sho mentioned how mo would have benefited by shell 
exhibits which prosent day museums offer ond hopee that Long Boach might 
some timo havo oho. 

A report of the oxperiences of Grace Paxon and hor mother , Mrs. Forris, 
a6 sholl collectors in Florida was road by Mre. Bormann since thoy could not 
be present. Their first colleoting was done on the cast coast but upon advice 
of friends thoy made their first pilgrimage to Sanibel, then in 1924 o days 
drive a cross the state, but which now takes only three hours forthe tripe At 
the west coastt hey were taken by forry to Sanibel and coulé see another 
small island, Captiva, which too, has fine specimons but less numerous. The 
little island 12 milos long and 2 wide, is rather barren,sandy and desolate 
looking, with but few inhabitents and occasional coconut palms, pines, and 
palmetto trees. Housing on their trips was always a problem, but well worth 
the trouble, for the pleasure of finding the many specios crawling over 
the beach alive or buried in three or foot high mounds, was sucha joye She 
mentioned finding Melongena corona and s6pcoimens of Fasliolaria gigantea 
unharmed doop in these mdunds, Fasciolarin talipa, Cassis inflata, Cancellarin 
reticulata , Busycon perversum, Ficus papyratia ond many others were among 
her list but they were dissapointed in never finding Voluta junonia. The 
pleasurec of shells collecting were enhanoed by tho meeting in 1926 of Mr. 
Frank Lyman at Omympia Beach, north of Miami where he was then operating a 
roadside shells for sale stand. In his private collection he showed them 
beautiful specimens of Spondylus fromthe gulf voastand Tryon springs and 
many othcr shells from the keys, and Lake Worth. Dr. Pilsbry was first met by 
Graco's sister at the Philadelphia Muscum, but when he was searching for tree 
end landmails of the Florida Everglades he invited the family to visit him 
and his daughter in their home at Lantana on the east coast near Lake Worth. 
She describod him as a very short, lith man, with very white hair and a unique 
sense of humor and ana stounding knowledge of shells. Mrs. Paxson had a spl- 
-ondid visit with him last year in Philadelphia where he showed three rooms 
brimming with countless varietios of sholls, material used in work on his book. 
Ho had that day roccived three large slugs from Mass, and some tiny snails 
from Texas no larger than a pinhead. Mr. Bing Miller, protably next of impor- 
-tance to Br. Perry on Sanibel, was pleased to have the Paxon family drive 
across the state to make his acquaintance, 

*e4e% The Long Beach Shell Club voted to adjourn during July and August, meet- 
~-ing the second sunday in September in the Childrens Room of the public 
library in Lincoln Park. 

Ruth E, Eaton, Secrotary. 


#49 Back Page June , 1946 


Additions and Corrections 
Minutes #47,p.10 Dr. W.P. Woodring advises as follows ( Per. Comm, May 
1945) : " It may be pointed out that Berry described, but did not figure 
a Pleistocene Microglyphis from Hilltop Quarry as Acteon schencki (Bull. 
Am. Pal. vole27, noeldl, ped, 1941). It is presumably 4 synonym of Acteon 
brevyiculus; at least I identify a Microglyphis from localities near Hilltop 
Quarry as A. breviculus. I think you are justified in giving generio rank 
to Microglyphis. 


Middendorff references= Dr. A. Myra Keen advises as follows ( Per. Comn, 
May,1945):; " I find that Dr. Dall cited most of the Middendorff references 
incompletely. Much of my day today was spent trying to get exact dates of 
publication. It would be s0 much simpler if Middendorff had been content 
to publish his new descriptions just once. I think I have them straight now 
and have typed out a number of correct ( I hope) references on a supplemm= 
-tary page. These are in no order, Iwarn yous Dall got most of the Midden- 
~dorff dates right if not the references. Most of the pre~published descr- 
-iptions came out in 1848, according to Bherhorn, though another author says 
1849, The illustrations are in two monographs, the first usually called 
the “Beitrage*(1849), the second the "Sibirische Reise*(1851). I defy any- 
-body ta find the references in any well-organized library under those tit les 
The Beitrage was published as one of the Memoirs of the St. Petersburg Acad- 
-emy of Schence, as I have shown on my shoet of notes, and the "Sibirische 
Reise” has quite another title. Both books are on my desk now,and I am 
going to type up an adequate explanation of platos ( of which I will sond 
you a carbon) tefore returning thom to the Stanford Library's rare book 
roome Stanford's copy of the * Beitrnge® has the late Czar's own book~plate 
in it. 

" Incidentally, the correct title of the work Dall quotes as *Sibiris- 
~che Reise® js: " Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens®, Bd . 
II, Zoolopie, Theil 1; Wirbellose Thiere ", 

These references will be used more extensively in the next issue in 
which we discuss the Buccinidae. 


A partial distribution of paratypes of the recently described species, 
Cardita redondoensis Burch, and Nuoulana penderi redondoensis Burch was 
made to tho following: California Academy of Soiences, Natural History Mus~- 
-oum of San Diefo, Stanford University, British Museum of Natural History, 
Dr. HeAs Pilsdry, Rre Wed. Clench, JsR. le B. Tomlin, A.5. Koto, Dre BeR « 
Bales, Dr. Jeanne Schwengel, Wed. Eyerdam, A.M. Strong, Murris Caruthers, 
BE.P. Chace, Dr. W.O. Gregg, Maxwell Smith, Paul McGinty, Rev. Paul D. Ford. 


\ 


an tad 


0 ee ont ah pal 


Cis |." thins heen é 


b, A ae taeee A ra 
eee p Se eATENG 
#50 pil July, 1945 


MINUTES OF JHE CONCHOLOGICAL | CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
July 1946 


‘These papers are published by a group of interested students for our 
own pleasure and financed by voluntary contributions of members and frends, 
It is not our intention to offer subscriptions and guarantee régular per-= 
~lodical publication. However, non members of our club will be placed on 
our mailing list and receive all papers published for contributions to our 
fund of $2.50 per year or $1.25 each six months. 

. rrr re res | 

Qur next mecting will be held August 5, nt the Los Angeles ecu 
Exposition Park, Los Angeles, Calif. at 2:39 P.M. 

We are now meeting the first sunday of ench month. 


Pleasé mail all news about shells, shell publiestions, shell collec-~ 

.~tors, shell trips, localities etc. to your editor, 
‘ John Q. Burch, 
4296 Halldale Ave., 
Los Angeles 37, Calif. 
RIO IOI 

Our readers should understand that conclusions reached in these papers 
are by no means final. We are merely trying to accumulate onough information 
to enntle us or other students to work to more advantage in the preparation 

of 9 final report. In the meantime wo are enger to get all information poss= 

ible. Members and friends sare urged to write in their experiences and 
opinions, and oe is even more important advise us when thoy think we are 
in errore 
AOI AIO I AK 

We still havo on hand a.few copies of our bound Distributional List, 
Part I, Pelecypod» for which we are asking $5.00 to our fund. 

IIE AOI 

New Publicntion~ © A Potentiat Intermodinte Host of Schistosoma .mansoni® 
by Eloise B. Cram, Myrna F. Jones and Willard H. Wright. Scienée, March 23, 
1945, vol. 191, no. 2621, p.302, Recent tests have shown that Tropicorbia 
havenensis (Pfeiffer) is suitable for the development of the intermediate 
stages of Schistosoms mansori. Specimens tested were collected at Baton 
Rouge, Louisiana. In addition to specimens from various loealities in Cuba, 
there is ih the Nationnl Museum collection 1 set of specimens collected from 
Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana and another lot from near New Brunfels, Comal 
_ County, Texns. Careful collooting will prohnbly extend the known distribut~ 
~ion of this molluske ~~ Dr: WeO. Gregg 


" Collecting Marine Specimens as a Hotby® is a four page bulletin prepared 
by the Cabrillo Beach Marine Musoum of the Los Angeles City Recreation Dep~ 
-~nrtment. Requests for the bulletin should be mailed to the department at 
Tioom 305 City Hall, Los Angeles. Dre. William L. Lloyd, director of the 
museum writes us “ This bulletin was prepare@ in response to the demand of 
the boys going to the grocific who wanted to know what to collect while there. 
I wish your " siinutes” had an index. It is beginning to be hard to find what 
I want when I need it.® 


" Underwater Tidbit® by Leslie T. White is an interesting article and well 
illustrated on the west coast Abalone ( Hnliotis) appearing in Colliers, 
June 30,1945, p.52. | 


" * 


#50 p 2 gay yone 2 

lire Wed. Bowor,4 Edgeill Close, Bronxville,8, N.Y. * Reor John: As I wrote 
you some time ago, I have been assisting a friend in a project to supply 
the new Nashville Children's Museum with the beginning of a shell collec~ 
-tion. In the course of that collecting, my friend, Mrs. Mary J. Coles of 
Nashville, made a find which seems rare enough to bring to your attention. 
Dr. Clench of the M.C.Z. and editor of Johnsonia writes me he has never 
seen any published note on the eggs of Strombus pugilis alatus Gmelin , and 
suggested that Iwrite sucha note. A copy is inclosed and a specimen of 
the eggs has this dey teen mailed to you. I hope it will prove of interest, 

I think you have done just the right thing in fixing a subscription 
price on the Minutes. ... Please mail my copies to a new address which I 
shall use after June 27th.* 


Note on the egg laying process of Strombus pugilis alatus Gmelin, as obser~ 
~ved May 11,1945 in Boca Cicga Bay at the foot of 3lst St.,&., St. Peters— 
-burg, Pinellas County, Florida, 

All the shells were found on a bar of clean white sand, about 150 feet 
out from high water mark. As the tide ebbed, exposing the bar, the shells 
tegan to pop out of the sand, very much like Terebras on an exposed bat. Of 
the 122 specimens examined there were only 7 laying eggs. These were partly 
buried in the sand, with the lip of the shell exposed. The eggs emerged from 
the mollusk imbedded in a continuous string of matter, about a millimeter 
in diameter. This string piled up into 4 looso ball in the space between 
the lip of the shell and the sand. Microscopic examination showed this egg 
string to be composed of small grains of white sand agglutinated by an album 
-inous substance. As the egv-string did not pass through the sand the mollusk 
apparently takes in the sand, and fabricates the egg-string around the eggs 
as they omergs. The egg~string balls averuged about the size of an English 
walnut, but one was about twice that hulk. 

EG ROK AB A 6 AK 28 ROK > HOOK 
Clyde H. Hebert, Ch. Pharm., USN, U.S.S. Griggs ( ATA 110), c/o Fleet Post- 
-offico, San Francisco, Calif. o I wish to express my appreciation for the 
copies of the Minutes which I have becnreceiving since March; and am in 
agreement with hkhe suggestion regarding an assessment on those interested 
in receiving further copies. Please accept the enclosed money order to help 
with expenses, 

Have had some luck recently with collecting, taking six or seven diff 
~erent spocies of cones ( C, hekraeus L., C. rattus Hwass,C. striatus L., 
and other I don't know ) from one small locality, although censorship regul~ 
“ations will not permit dié&closure of the ship's whereahouts at this time.” 
University of Hawoii, Library, P,0. Box 18, Honolulu 10, Territory of Hawaii. 

We are honored to welcome this fine institution to our mailing list 
and to send them a file of all of our available back issues, 

Dre Joseph F. Polanc, Geologist, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological 
Survey, 5573 East 2nd St,, Long Beach 3, Calif. Miss Edna Cook and Mfrs. 
offie Clark will be interested to know that Dr. Poland recently wrote in a 
special request for our Minutes #21 containing the paper listing the fauna 
of the * Anomia" bed on Vermont Avenue approximately one block south of 
Scpulveda Blvd. 

H. Carroll McGowan, Route 1, Box 173A, Hollister Ave., Santa Barbara, Calif . 
wAm now living with my father about five miles out of Santa Barbara on 
Highway 101, a little past city limits, next to Poppy Auto Court. Have all 
the shells eee eoeoe Am working for Spreitz Transportation Co. driving 
bussese If up this way sometime would like to see you or any of my collector 
friends." 

Dr. Fells MacFarland,775 Santa Ynez, Stanford University, Calif. " I am glad 
to Bee that you ere ritting the Minutes on a subscripticr basis,,...s Dre Mym 
Keen's idea abo: ing you self addressed envelope » good one eee" 


#50 p 3 /  July,1945 
Family FASCIOLAR1IDAE | 


Key to Genera ( From the notebook of Mr. A.M. Strong) 
Columella plicate 

« Outer lip with a tooth-like pro jootion at the base ».+. Leucozonia_ 
« Outer lip not toothed 

ee Anal fasciole distinct 

ses Canal short,wide,spire short or modoyate Dees eeecenes Fasciolaria 
eo» Canal distinct,narrow,spire turrited wseceseccscsvece Latirus 

e» Anal fasociole absent 

eos Axial sculpture predominating cersesrescseececseeseeee Metzgoria 
eee Spiral sculpture prodominating seesecesesereveeveovesveebtychatractus 

Columella smooth sinescasescscvsicece.vb vets one dec ce beeen s 06 Fusinus — 


Genus Leucozonia Gray (Proo. Zool. Sdt. London, pt. 15, p.136; typo 
by original designation, Murex nasse Gmelin (Turbinella cingulifera Lamarck), 
Recent, West Indios. ( fido Woodring, 1928) 

This genus is not representod in our fauna north of San Diego but 
the follewing species is describod from the southorn fauna. 
Leucozenia cingulata (Lomarck),1822. Gulf of Califcrnia to Ecuador. 
"Shell ovate, w white with brown spiral ridges* ( Strong). Reeve,lionoceros, 
pl.3, figell; Tryon, vol.3, p.96. 


Genus Fasciolaria Lamarck,1799. ‘Type ( by monotypy), Murex tulipa L. 

® Shell reaching a gigantic sizo, stout, fusiform. Nucleus forming 
a blunt apox, consisting of between one and two broad smooth whorls, Aper- 
-ture long and very wide, contracted at base to form a short,relatively 
narrow,oblioue cenol, flaring and slightly emarginate at base.Siphconal 
fasciole low,troad. Columella bearing immediately above beginning of canal 
three low chlique folds, decreasing in strength upward. Parietal wall cower- 
-ed with glaze of callus. Interior of inner lip finely lfrate, Anal fasciole 
narrow,depressed. Sculpture consisting of Lee cords and grooves, with or 
without axial nodes or ribs on the shoulder.” ( Woodring,1928) 

This genus is not represented in our fauna north of San Diego, but the 
following key smd list of species from the southern fauna will be of inter- 
~cst. It is taken from Mr. A.M. Strong's notebooke 


Key to Species of Fasciolaria 
Shell fusiform, with a moderate spire 
» Aperture orange, outer lip with raised red spiral lines 
6 to 9 inches. Gulf of Calif. to Peru esese-eoeeeeeeeee prinoceps 
Reeve, plel, fig-3; Tryon, vol.3, Ps 75 
Shell pyriform, with a short spire 
e Epidcermis olive colored, aperture salmon tinted 
4 to 5 inches, West ilexico to Panama escocseececcceese Salmo 
Reeve, pled, fige7; Tryon, voled3, pe78 
» Epidermis brown with black granulos, everturo orange 
5 to 7 inches. Wost Mexico to Panama eseee.-sceeeeeee granosa 
Reeve, pled, fige6. 


Fnsciolaria princeps Sowerby,1€25. Magdalena Bay to Peru 
Fosclolarie granosn ranosn Broderip, 1832. Gulf of Californin to Panama. 
Fasciolaria salmo Wood,1820, West Mexico to Panama, 


v 


#50 p 4 July ,1945 

Genus Latirus Montfort,1819. Typo ( by original designation)- Latirus 
auranriacus Montfort (- Mares filosus Lamarck — Murex lurcx gibbulus Gmelin 
Recent, Australia, ( fide Woodring,192C). 

a Shell turrited,. fusiform, umbilicated; spire produced, whorls nodul- 
-70us; aperture ovaleoblong; outer lip thin, orenulated; columella straight, 
with two or three small oblique plaits in front.” ( H. & A, Adams), 

It is our opinion at this time that the genus Latirus is not represen- 
~ted in our fauna north of San Diego, Calif. However, it may be well to 
mention here that the species lugubris ( C.B. Adams) described from Panama 
figured and described by Thomas A. Burch in Nautilus 54:46, pl.2, figs.5,6,7 
as Cantharus, was listed by Pilsbryand Lowe as Latirus. Maxwell Smith, follow= 
-ed in Panamic Marino Shells. Dr. Jeanne S. Schwengel published o paper in 
Nautilus 56377,78 placing this species in the genus Drupa. Drupa lugubris 
( C.B. Adams) has been éredged in numbers off Redondo Beach and will be dis 
-cussed under that chapter, 

The following key and list of species from the southern fauna will be 
of interest. It is from the notebook of Mr. A.M, Strong. 


Key to species of Latirus 
Axtal ribs tuberculato at the shoulder of the whorls 
» Spiral ridges narrow, closo=sot, sharp on spiro and base 
Brown streaked, ridges whitish 
2 tm 2.5 inches, Panama eesssssccrccsecvececescsssnes candelebrum 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl.2, fig.8; Tryon, voled3, pe&8 
« Spiral ridges rounded, numerous, strongly tuberculate 
Whitish, tubercles bluish 
Central America to Houador sesccccoscacessveceoee tuberculosus 
Roeve, Turbinella, pl.8, fig.42 
- A fow strong spiral ridges with spiral striae betweon 
ee Four spiral ridges below the shoulder of body whorl on base 
White, stained and spotted with rusty brown 
2 to 3 inches. Gulf of Calif. to Eouador sescccseseeees Coratus 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl.7, fig.37; Tryon, vol.3, pe 88 
oo 54x spiral ridgos below the shoulder of the body whorl on base 
Whitish, epidermis blackish PanaMde sevneseeevverscese rudis 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl.1l0, fig. 51. 
Axial ribs not tubereulate 
e Spiral ridges on canal only 
Reddish orange, epidermis bright chestnut 
2 LO Zed INCNCHs  PANGMAss cass os since «sistas oie misgle sce tie se CAB UUNOCIS 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl. fig.26; Tryon, vol.d, p91 
« Spiral ridges over the entire surface 
ee Axial ribs about 15 
Orange brown, ribs darker 
Ze0 inches. GAlLAPAZOS eoesecevsvecevevevevevesevssses Varicosus 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl.2, ei Tryon, Mane Conch. voled, peI2e 
ee Axial ribs about 10 
eee Spire) ridges rather broad, plese seek 
Reddish~yellow, ridges sometimes darker 
1.85 inches. Acapulco to Panama ceecececvcsccceceseees concentricus 
Reeve, Turbinella, pl.l, fig.2 & 44; Tryon, vol.d, p99 
eos Spiral ridges irregular, obtuse ; 
Recddish-brown 
POMNAMA soccereresccreccssvccseesoseveensveces SumMEens 
Tryon, voles, pe 91. 


#50 p 5 July, 1946 
List of Spocies of Latirus 
Toatirus coratus (Wood),1829. Gulf of Californian to Ecuador, . 
Latirus concentricus (Reeve),1847, Acapulco to Columbia. 
Litirus tuberculnatus (oecceeinl 1883. Contral Amerina to, Ecuador. 
intine rudis (Reeve) ,1047. Panam e 
LTatirus castaneus (Roeve) (Grey), 1039. Acapulco to Panama 


Latirus condelebrum Reeve Panama 
Latirus tumens is (Carpenter), 1856. Panama 
Latirus varicosus (Rvevo),1847 Gerevaece 


Gonus Metzgoria | Norman,1879. Type ( by Teton Mcyerla albn Jeffreys 

* Shell elongate fusifort, longitudinally ottusely plieate; spire pro- 
~duced; canal exserted; columella obscurely plicate. Operculum irregularly 
ovate} apex obtuse; nucleus inconspicuous, * ( Tryon, Struotural and System 
-atic Concholofy) « 


Metzgeris onlifornica Deall,1903. Off Avalon, Catalina Igland,California. 
Colleating data: Catalina Island in 59 fms. ( G. Willett); Catalina 
Island (H.N. Lowe). 


Genus Ptyohatractus Stimpson,1865. Type, P. ligntus Mighels & Adoms . 

" Sholl fusiform, Spirally striated; aperture with 2 moderate oanal; 
columella plicnted as in Fasciolaria, 

The shell of this genus unites the form of a Sipho with the folds of 
2 Fosciolnria; its small eize, color, and northern habitat will distinguish 
, it from the Latter, ‘cvon without taking into account the very diverse den- 
-tition; yet without the latter difference it would soarsely have been 
advisable to have sepsrated tho single sperics upon which the genus was 
founded from Fasotolarine ( Tryon S.. & S. Conthe i 


Ptychatractus occidcntalis Stearns,1873. Bering ee Bering Island, and 
eastward to the Shumngin Islands, Alaska. Type locality, near Attou Island, 
Aleutian group, Boring Sea and Nagod, Shumogins. _ 

Dre Ae Myra Keen advisos * Stearns desoription was not actually pub 
“lished until 1873 ( Proc, Calif. Acad. Sel. ‘vol.5, pe79) the 1871 issue 
haying the status of advance proof sheets." 


Ptychatractus cnlifornicus Dall,19f8. Monterey Bay and near San Diego, 
Calif. in @22 fathoms. Type lgoaiity. off San Diego in 822 fms, 

" Wumerous flattish spiral threads and about 15 axial ribs. White, with a 
straw colored epidermis. 11 x 5.5 mn” ( A.M. Strong). 


Genus Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815, Type ( by monotypy, Lamarck, 1799, 
first species nssigned tothe genus, which was originally described without 
specios), Murex colus Linnaeus. New name for Fusus Lamarck , not Fusus 
Helbling. ; a = 

"Shell large, ‘slonder, spindle shaped, with a long, nearly straight 
open antorior canal; aperture ovate, outer lip lirate within, parietal wall 
with eallus deposits; sculpture of ou threads or cords, psualiy proms 
-inent, and of low axial folds or ribs." 


The following key and list.of er onioe covers the entire coast. It.is 
token from the notebook of Mr. A.M. Strong. We will then take up ® more 
detailed discussion of the species from San Diego,Salif. northward. 


#50 p 6 July, 1945 
Genus Fusinus 
Canal long, narrow, tapering 
- Axial ribs becoming obsolete on the boéy whorl 
es Axial ribs of upper whorls nodulated by spiral cords 
eee Whorls angulated or oarinated 
150 x 60 mm, Corros Island to Panama .....s..+. dupetithouarsii 
Reeve, pl. 2, fig.9; Tryon, vol. 3, p.58. 
eee Whoris roundod 
110 x 49 mn PAY OMA 5014 50,010» 914 «10 ble 44 ge ss 4s oa SULCA CUA 
Tryon, Mane Conche ved, pel38; Nautilus, v.29, p.54. 
es Axial ribs of upper whorls undulated ty spiral cords 
eee Axial ribs about 10 ; 
135 x 38 mm. Oregon to San Diego o...e.eeeeee. barbarensis 
Oldroyd, vol.2, pt.l, p.177; Arnold, pl.4, figel5. 
ee. Axial ribs ahout 13 
66 x 18 mm. Gulf of California ceseecevecccveeee colpoicus 
Nautilus, vol.29, p.54_ 
» Axial ribs extending to the periphery of tho body whorl 
ee Axial ribs spined at the shoulder of the body whorl 
22 x 19 mm. Galapagos Co centrifugus 
Nautilus, vol, 29, p.56 
ee Axial ribs noduled at the shoulder of body whorl 
eee Shoulder of whorls distinctly angulated 
SO x 19 mm. Santa Monica to San Diegdssssccvceceee armoldcl 
equals traski,rugosus= Oldroyd, vol.2, ptel,p.176; PeG6, pled, fete 
eee Shoulder of whorls only slightly angulated 
seee Body whorl with 4 or 5 major spiral cords 
40 x 15 mm Guif ‘of Gallfornie,ssccccs.ceeses  OAmbUStUS 
Tryon, ved, peS9; Carp, Maz. Oat. no.640 as F, tumens. 
eeee Body whorl with about 12 spiral cords ae 
34 x 14 mm. British Solumbia to Lowor Calif, ».... monksae 
equals robustus Oldroyd, vole2; ptel,; ps l77 8 8 
eoee Body whorl with many fine spiral threads 
15x 26omme Panama Bay Ven viv siseues «06 bo lnles «ie 
Bull, Mus. Gompe Zool,, vole45, pedOl, 
oe Axial ribs reduced to lines of growth 
21 x 8.5 mn, Off Ecuador in 1573 frBbe esceccccceve fragillissimus 
Bull. Mus. Compe Zool. vwol.e43, [591 
Canal moderate or short, open : 
» Axial ribs extending to periphery of body whorl 
ee Body whorl with about 22 spirel cords, 
GO x mm. Monterey to San DLO Zo eoesceveccseesevecese kobelti 
ee Body whorl with from 10 to 15 spiral cords 
ese Whorls distinctly angylated 
20 x 10 mm Qulif of California to Panama esoeseveeey taylorianus 
equals cinergons Reeve, fig,85; Tryon, vol.3, p60 
eee Whorls not distinctly angulated : 
eese Axial ribs faint 
“(VE 56 ines | Sen Ped r0ms,0 ess cecum evelees cet aene. se CimMinuLuS 
eeoe Axial ribs distinct : 
80 x mme Perviand Chile cies vec swe ces 6 eee s sis'els ete es QLGOrNOLIG 
plus fontainet Tryon, vol.ed3, pe 137 
ee Body whori with 3 or 4 major spjral cords 
20 x 10 mm. Monterey to Gulf of California »....+... luteopictus 
Oldroyd, vole2, ptel, p, 179. 


#50 p 7 July,1945 
ee Body whotl with 2 periphoral major spiral cords 
ll x 5 mn. PeNaind Yodicc eteulem Gees Snes en ele sieua see see POLCLOUS 
Nautilus, vol. 29, p56 
« Axial ribs on upper whorls only ‘ 

50 x 24 mms Mendocino County, California seeeeeeoee harfordil 
Oldroyd, vole2, ptel, pel80 ee oa 
» Axial ribs on body whorl only 

17 x 8 mme Gulf of California seccsccsscvccccreveeee orcuttl 
Nautilus ,vol.29, p.57 


List of Species of Fusinus. 

Fusinus nus lutoopistus Doll,1077. §Son Francisco Bay to Gulf of California 
Fusinus monksae Dall, 1015, British Solumbia to Lower California 

Fasinus arnoldi Gdeatanh, 1993 (Traski Dall) Sta. Monica to Cerros Island 
Fusinus barbarensis Gresik. 1865. Oregon to San Diego. 

Fusinus kobel ti | i Dall,1877, Monterey to Catalina. 


Fueinus cinoreus Reerat Gulf of California. 
var. coronndoensis Lowe , 1935. Gulf of California 
vare Sorordensis Lowe, 1935. Gulf of Malifornias 
Fusinus dupetithouorsii Riener oso. Cerros Island to Panama, 
Fusinus ambustus Gould. Gulf of California 


Fusinus colpoicus Dell,1915. Gulf of California. 
Fusinus orcutti Dall,1915, Gulf of California. 
Fusinus hertleini Lowe,1935. Gulf of California. 
vars bruneocincta Lowe,1935.6 
var. alboscens Lowe,1936 


Fusinus fredbakeri Lowe, 1935. Gulf of California. 
Fusinus is felipensis Lowe,1935. Gulf of Jalifornia 
Fusinus | sulcatus ia Tamoreke Panam e 

Fusinus — us panamensis Dall,1908, Pansmni. 

Fasinus _ as _centrifugus Dall 1915, ° Galapagos 

Fusinus fragillissimus Dall, 1908, Eoundor.s 


Fu Fusinus _ fontrinel d‘Orb leas Poru and Chile, 


There are few groups involving 2 greater degree of confusion than 
the west coast species of the genus Fusinus, Without oa doubt there will 
be additional spocies gescribec and the vague conclusions reached in this 
paper must be matcrially altered when more information is available, 

Pell placed the four most common of our species in Section Heilprinia 
Grabau,1904. Grant and Gale,1031, place the same species under Section 
Gracilipurpura Jousseayme,1880, 

n Grant and Gale give a key to the species, but the faot that the same 
species appoar in many southern California collections bearing a variety 
of names is proof of the nocd for a cloaror key and explanation. 


Fusinus arnoldi (Cossmann),1903, Reve Paleozool. vole7, ps. 215,1903. New 
name for Fs rugosus Trask, not of Lamarck. Also named F, traski by Dall in 
1915. Tho confusion of names is clearly stated hy Dr. Hanna “ Rectificat- 
“ions of Nomenclature®’, Calif. Aoad. of Scie, vol.e13, noelO, pel66s F. arnoldi 
is the correct name. 

However, after wo settle the name thore still remains the question of 
just what is arnoldi. Is it o fossil species and not known in the Recent 
fauna? The shell we have been labelling Fusinus arnoldi is purple in color 
when fresh and has the prominent revolving brown 1 lines mentioned by Grant 
and Gale. They make it n subspecies of F. barbarensis and the species we 
have been labelling Eeberbaronsis might bear out such 2 conclusion on form 


#5U p B July,1945 

alone. However, our barbarensis coming from much coeyer water than our 
arncldi do not have the purple color and in addition seem to have a longer 
and more curved canal. Further proof that the two are distinct is the fact 
that the radula differs groatly,. Drawings of the radulae will follow. They 
were prepared by Thomas A, Kurch. The only real question involved then is 
whether or not the shells we have been labelling barbarensis are really 
that species or perhaps an undescribed ‘species. We will figure this shell 
on our next plate. Mr. George Willett commentsas follows ". I think Recent 
shells callcd arnoldi are young barbarensis and that true arnoldi is known 
‘only as a fossil™, See : | 

The type locality is San Pedro, Calif. 

Collecting datas A very common shell in gravel from around 25 fms. 
off Redondo Beach, and in the somewhat shallower gravel beds around 15 fms. 
off Santa Monica,Calif, and also off El Segundo,Calif. in perhaps as deep 
as 35 fms.; mouth of Tia Jyana River (Frank Stephens); Catalina Island and 
San Pedro (H.N. Lowe); Cedros Island, Lower Calif, ( Crocker); Redondo Beach 
in box trap at 650 ft. (Tremper); Newport in 40 fms, (Tremper); San Rie go 
in 30 fms. (Gripp); Monterey in 15 fms. ( Berry), 


Fusinus barbarensis (Trask),1855 
off Redondo Beach, Calif, 75 fathoms (Burch). 


Fusinus arnoldi (Cossmann),1903. 
off Redondo Beach,Calif. 25 fms. gravel (Burch). 


#50 p 9 July,1945 - 
Postage, apparene ss (Trask), 1855 Hecota Bank, Oregon to San Diego,Calif, 
degen wate Dredged on rocky bottom in 59 to 75 fms. off Redondo 
Beach, Calif. (Burch); Sin Pedro and Newport from fishermen's nots (HN. 
Lowe collection); Redondo Beach (Cass); Pt. Loma in 50 fms. ( Dre Fred Baker 


Fusinus kobolti (Dall),1677. Monterey to Catalinn Island (Dall). 
Type locality not givenwe are advised by Dre Keen although Oldroyd states 
it is Monterey. 

This is a heavier shel) witha much shorter anterior cohal than the two 
species mentioned above. The difficulty here is to distinguish between 
kobelti and monksne, Grantand Gale,1931, p.640 make monksse a subspecies 
of kobelti stating that it has 9 shorter anterior canal and weaker axial 
sculpture than kobelti. Mr. Goorge Willett separates them as follows: 
Varices 8; thicker «see. monksac 

: 9) thinner oe.ee» Kobolti 

Mrs Willett's system soems to fit our custom of identification with 
more success thon any of the others. In any event the species we have been 
labelling monksae ( tho predominant form off Monterey or from Cayusos north 
to Montery in our experience) is thicker then the shells we have been call-~ 
~ing kohelth dredged off Catalina Islanc, 

Collecting data: Off Avalon, Catalina Island in 35 fms. (Burch); Catal- 
-ina Island in 30 fms. ( H.N. Lowe); off Oatalina Island. (Hemphill) (Baker) 
(Chaney); Sen Diego in kolp roots (d.M. Cooke). 


Fusinus monksae Si cues Banks Islanc, British Columbia to Pequena Bay, 
Lower Calif. ( Dall) Type locality, San Pedro, Calif. fossil, 80-190 ft. 
above sea level. ( on advice of Dre Ai. Koen). 

Collecting data: An abundsnt’ specics off Monterey on the shale in about 
20 fms., also from Cayucos, San luis Obispo Co., Calif. ( Burch); Redondo 
Buach in 190 fms. slso from box trap at 650 ft. (Trempor); Del Monte,Calif 
(irs. Oldroyd). 

“Dr. Dall placed the eae lutcopictus and diminutus uncer Fusinus 3.8, 
Grant and Gale placed them under Harfordia Dall .« Both luteopictys and and 
harfordii arc littoral species and both have short canals but tho resem= 
-blance ends there in my opinion.( J. Burch). However, neither seem to be 
typical Fusinus and the consensus of opinion seems to be to follow Grant 
and Gale on this. ' 


Subgenus Harfordia Dall,1921. ‘Type ( by monotypy), Fusinus harfordii 
(Stearns). 

® Shell Buccinoid in shape but with the anterior canal produced; shell 
shorter than in typical Fusinus, with much shorter anterior canal.” 


Fusinus luteopiotus Dall, pours paces to Gulf of California (Dall). 


ete ee a ee 


gives it as Monteroy. 

Collecting dota: Dredged in 19 to 20 fms. off Monteiey” on the shale, 
off Santa Monica in 19 fms., and collected in great numbers Jittoral at low 
tice at Malags Cove, LeAs Coe in the rocky rubble, Point Firmin and Pt, Ve 
-onto in similar hnbitat, common on the San bedro bronkwater. Bho San Pedro 
Shells seem to be somewhat differont from the others although oviously the 
species ( Burch); Redondo ( Gripp); San Pedro (Lowe); San Peéro (Tremper); 
Son Geronimo Island, Lower Calif. (Lowe); Monterey,Calif. ( Lowe). 


4750 p 10 July,1945 

Fusinus diminutus Dall,1915, We are dropping this species from the list, 
Herbert Ny Lowe in Nautilus 45:51,1931 published an article which definitely 
settled the matter of roperi « It is to be regretted that he did not at 
the sale time examine the type specimen of diminutus about which there is 
a gencral idea that it is gona Ine of the same kind of thing. Mr. A.M. 
Strong writes ( Per, Comm.) ® It is stated in the description that this 
species had been received from San Pedro Bay from several. collectors. No 
ono seams to know who those seyeral collectors could have been as no ono 
here knew anything sbout it. Dr. Tremper hunted hard around San Pedro look-~ 
-ing for the species. He had one specimen that seemed to fit Dall's descr-~ 
-iption and figure but this wasevidently a young and somewhat unusual speo- 
~imen of Tritonalia poulsoni. Unless one one can come up with a valid 
specimen the name had better be dropped.” However, Miss Viola Bristol, 
of the San Diego Museum advises that eh have a specimen from Newport,Calif, 
labelled diminutus by Tremper and states " Our specimen is 3/8 inch high 
and looks to me like a young kobelti."” Of course, it is still possible that 
this is a good epecies and it is to be hoped that some one will examine the 
type and settle the mystery. 

And while on the subject of this kind of mystery we mayas well dis— 
“pose of Subgenus Roperia Dall,1898 and the species roperi Dall,1898, 
The Lowe refcrence given above in the Nautilus settled this matter. Lowe 
had the types cxamined by Wm. B. Marshall, Dr. kalph B. Stewart,and Dre W.P. 
Woodring and the unanimous verdict was that they are young Tritonalia poul- 
~soni. Grant and Gale stated that it was a young Kelletia kelletii and Mr. 
A.W. Strong advises that Dr. Dell identified one of his shells a8 ropert 
that 4s definitely a young Kelletia, Sinco roperi is a Tritonalia, perhaps 
diminutus is the Kelletia, “In any event Roporia md ropori aro out, 


Fusinus harfordii (Stearns) ,1871. Coast of Mendocino County, Calif. 
Typo locality, near Big Spanish Flat, coast of Mendocino Co, 

The only specimens of this species in local collections are a set 
in the E.P. Chace collection and a specimen in the Willett colleotion,. 
Mr. A.M. Strong writes of it ( Per. Comm, June,1945) “ Fusinus harfordii 
Stearns was only known for many years by the type from Mendocino County, 
California, Later a number of specimens from the same general locality 
were found. The species is very similar in shell characters to some of the 
fossil species of Searlesia, a genus with but few living species but a 
large number of fossil species, all from other parts of the world. The 
animal is different from that of Searlesia gira_, tho only living species 
from the west coast and appears more like some of the Fusinus. More study 
will be reqyired before it can be definitely stated in Which | pone. it bel- 
~ongse"” 

Mre and Mrs. EP. Chace who collected them in Mendocino county call 
attention to the fact that harfordii and luteopictus both have the same 
colored animal, a flaming orange. They are of the opinion that the two spe = 
~les are properly placed in Fusinus and should also be placed in the same 
subgenus. They submit some oomparative dimensions as follows: 

Harfordii Ilyteopictus kobelti 5S. dira 


Height 46 £6 335 43 
Diameter 22 9.6 lbs 19 
Body whorl inc. oanal - @5 13 20 20 
Body whorl yaa) 10 lig 15 
Canal 5 5 8S ) 


Subgenus Aptyxts Trosohel,1868, 
Fusinus taylorianus Reeve,184C, Cape San Liicas to Panama. This species & 
not of our fauna although erroneously reported from San Pedro, It is of 
the southern fauna. 


#5 pill July, 1945 


Family NEPTUNEIDAE 

Genus Kelletia Fischer,1884, ex Bayle MS, Type ( by monotypy),Kelletia 
kolletii (Forbes), southern California; Recdént. We are advised by Dro As 
Myra Keen " Both the generic and specific names wore originally written with 
Q single *4", Dre Dall in Bull. 112,O0ldroyd etc. spelled it Kellettin, 

Shell of medium size or large, heavy, spire and aperture of about 

oqual length; sculpture consisting of spiral striations or riblets and pro- 
-minent nodosities on the shoulder of tho whorls; aperture ovate, with a 
moderate anterior canal; outer lip not thickened, with lirations within; 
{nner lip with a sharply delimited callus deposit, smooth; oolumella long 
somewhat sinuous, tapering toward the ency siphonal faselole large, with m 
umbilical chinck or notch between it and the end of tho columellas oper~ 
“culum with an apical nucleus; epidermis absent or s mere filme The type 
species attains a length of 145 mm. and a AK Heh) of 775 mme” ( from Grant 
ond Gale,pe642). ‘ 


Kelletia kelletii tii (Forbes), 1859, Santa Barbara, Calis, to San Quintin Bay, 
Mexico. Also Japan. ( Bali). Type locality, California, 

Collecting data: The most abundant large mollusk between 19 and 35 fm 8 
off Santa Monica,Redondo Beach, Newport, Dana Point, Ensenada,Mex. in our 
experience. They are scavengers and will quickly fill all traps put out fo 
lobsters,crabs, and in our experience our traps for other mollusks. Sold m 
the Redondo Beach pler for food and eaten by some of the foreign fishermone — 
(Burch); Todos Santos Bay ( Orcutt); Seammons Lagoon, L.C. ( Moorsheadc)3 
Magdolona Bay (Cass)3 Coronado Islands, biexe ( Frank Stephens); San Diego 
in 12 fms. ( Hemphill) ( also Fred Baker); La Playa, Pt, Loma under fish 
cannery pier ( Bristol); San Pedro ( He Ne Lowe). 


Gonus Macron He & Ay Adams, 1853. Type ( by subsequent dosignation, 
Cossmann,1901) Macron kelletii ( A. Adams). 

2 Shell ovate, hoavy; strongly spirally sculptured or smocth; whorls 
moderately ventricose, body whorl much larger'than-periultimate whorl; aper- 
~ture ovate,outer lip with a tooth like projection enteriorly, inner lip 
gontly concave; anterior canal short, notched; epidermis strong, brownish 
or chestnut; operculum horny, with apical nuciloue. Length 10 to 1CO mm. 


Macron lividus ( A. Adams),1855. Farallone Islands to Point Abreofjos, L.C. 
(Jordan). Thore was an error inthe given type locality. 

Collecting data: fur experience has been to find this species rare 
on Terminal Island and increasing in sbundance from there southward to Todos 
Santos Bay, L.C. A very common species under s tones at low tade. (burch); 
Scammons Lagoon ond San Martin Island ( Dr. Fred Baker); Scoammons Lagoon 
(Huey); Pt. Abroojos, L.eC. ( Hemphill); Sen Blas, Mexe and Cape Colnett, 
LeC.e in mussel bods ( H.N. Lowe); Codros Ielane ( Lowe)3 Pt, Loma and 
Newport Bay ( Lowe); La Jolla ( Bristol AEN: Stephens). 


Macron acthiops kelletii ( A. Adams),1855, Gulf of California. It is 
clear that this species is not of our fauna es ie from Catalina: 
Island supposedly in error. 

Other species from this coast south of San Diego are: 

Macron aethiops (Reeve),1847 San Quintin Bay, L.C. to Gulf. of California, 
Macron_ oreutti Dall,1918, Magdalens Bay, LC. 


\ 


#650 p 12 July ,1946 
Genus Cantharus Roeding,1798. Typo,( by subsequent designation, Suter, 
1913), Cantharus globularis Roeding - Buccinum tranquebaricum Gmelin, 
This genus is not reported from our,Recent fauna but is abundant in 
many of our fossil deposits. Thomas A, Burch figured the speoios lugubris 
C.Be Adams as Cantharus in the Nautilus 64:46 but this species will be 
placed under the genus Drupa, 
The following list of species of tho southern fauna from the notebook 
of Mr. A.M. Strong may be of interest. 
Cantharus elegana (Gray),1833. Gulf of California to Peru, 
Cantharus gommatus (Reeve),1846. Gulf of California to Peru. 
Cantharus sanguinolenta (Duclos),1833 Gulf of California to Peru 
Cantharus ringens (Reeve),1846. Gulf of California to Ecuador 
Cantharus cxanthcmatus Dall,1919, Lower California 
Cantharus aequiliratus Carpenter,1857. Mazatlan, 
Cantharus vivex (Broderip) ,1@32, Magdalena Bay to Ecuador 
Cantherus cinis Reevc,1646, Panama and Galapagos 
Cantharus undosus Lamarck Ecuador Atlantic ? 
Cantharus biliratum (Reeve) ,1646, Galapagos 
Cantharus procerum Sowerby, 1832 Panama 
Ganthovas joncolli Kioner,1835. Peru 
Cantharus bolivianus E,. and S.,1852 Peruand Chile 
Cantharus inca d‘Orbigny,1841, Peru and Chile 
Cantherus pagoda Reeve. Panama. 


Genus Triumphis Gray,1857, 

This genus is not represented in our fauna but the following species 
are described from the south on this coast. 
Triumphis distortus (Gray),1856, Puntarenas to Ecuador 
Triumphis subrostratus Gray) Acapulco to West Columbia 


Genus Pyrolofusus Morch,1C60,. Type, Fusus deformis Reeve(fide Dall) 

We are advised by Dr. A. Myra Keen ( Por. Comm. Junc,1945) "According 
to the only nomenclator I hare at hanée, the original spelling was Pyrolo- 
~fusus, and Pyrulofusus was a misprinted citation of it lator. Dall in 1916 
correctly spelled it but later adopted the other form. I have not seen the 
Original but suspect there is no ground for emendation; there would be 
none unless Morch definitely said he named it for its analogy with Pyrula.® 

"Shell large, relatively thin, with a very short spire and large body 
whorl, usually sinistral but with rare dextral individuals; nucleus very 
large, smooth, flat-topped, infolded with an apical dimple, subsequently 
spirally sculptured, with obscure axial folds; periostracum thin, dehiscent; 
aperture simple, the outer lip expanded and thickened, the body and pillar 
enameled, often brightly colored; the canal very short, shallow and wide, 
hardly incurved, and with no evident siphonal fasoiole; operculum much 
smaller thanthe aperture, rounded-quadrate withapical nucleus: radula, chry- 
-~sodomoid but rather irregular, the rhachidian tooth in the typical species 
tricuspid; the laterals with two large terminaleups, the median cusp of the 

central tooth variable.” ( Dall). 


Pyrolofusus éecformis(Reeve)1647. Arotic Ooean and south to the Shumagin 
Telands, Alaska. Circumboreal. ( Dall). Type locality, Spitzbergen. 
Pyrolofusus harpa (iorch),1858, Pribilof Islanés tothe Aleutians and east- 
-ward to Kodiak Island, Alaska. ( Dall). Type locality, Sitka,Alaska. 
Collecting datas Sitka, Alaska, typo locality ( W.J, Eyerdam), 
Pyrolofusus harpa dexius Dall,1907. Petrel Bank, Bering Sea in 54 fms. 


#50 p 13 July,1945 
Genus Volutopsius Morch, ‘67. ‘Type ( fide Dall ,1918), Volutopsius 
largillierti { Petit de la Sadecaya), describod ao Fusus. 
* Shell resembling that of ee peunees but with a large body whorl, & more 
ample aperture, a short, ese differentiated anterior oanal, and a short 
blunt, few-whorled Saror” CLA 


Volutopsius fragilis Dall,1891, Bering Sea, 15 to 121 fathoms. to 
Dutch Harbor, ‘Aleutian -Islands. 

Aollecting data: Dutch Harbor, Aleution Islands on rocks,1932 (Wed. 

_Eyerdam) .»: 
. Volutopsius melonis Dall,1891.- Bering Sea, 227 fathoms. 

Volutopsius behringi ( Middendorff), 1848, Arctic Ogean to Pribilof Islands, 
17 to 50 fathoms ( Dall). Type ieoallay, Bering Sens 

Dr. A.M. Keen advisos " Middendorff aogee behringi with an %* eon- 
_-sistently." . Gorrect reference is ® Beitrage’, pe 476. Tritonium be hringii 
Middendorff,1848. Bull. Agad. Imp Sci. de St. Petersburg, Phys. Math. Cl. 
vole7, noel6, p.243; figured in pune: refs above), pe 147, ate 3, fice 
5-66 
Collecting date: Kodiak Island, Alaska ( G,. Willett) 
Volutopsius behringi kobelti Dall,1902. North end of Nunivak Island, Bering 
Bea, and at the Pribilof lseliands ( Dall). Type locality,Pribilof Islands, 
Volutopsius steffanssoni Dall,1919, Arctic Ocean to Pribilof Islands ( Dall). 
Type locality, Point Barrow, Alaska. 
Volutopsius rotundus Dall,1919. Kodiak Island to Cook's Inlet (Dall). 
Type locality, Kodiak Teens 
Volutopsius middendorffii Dall,1891, Gapaae Sea, 57 to 226 fathoms. 
Volutopsius simplex Dall,1907. Off Bering Island, Bering Sea, in 72 fms. 
Volutopsiua attenuatus Dall, 1874. Arctic Ocean South othe Prinilor Islands 
and. Bristol Bay ( Dall). Nate locality, Cook's Inlet, Alaska, 
Volutopsius ‘crophonius Dail,1902. Bering Sea, in 81 fathoms, south of the 
ribilof Islands. 
Volutopsius filosus Dall,1919. From the Pribilof to the Aleutian Islands, 
Bering Sea. ( Ball)e 
Volutopsiys callorhinus, Dall,1877. Pribilof: Islands, Bering Sea, 
Volutopsius callorhinus stejnegeri Pnll,1864,. Bering Sea. 
Volutopsius costaneus | Wiorch) 165: » Pribilof, Aleutian, anG Kodiak Islands, 
Alaska. Type locality, Sitke, Alaska. 

Collecting data: Umnak ana Kodiak ravanaes Alaska ( G. Willett); Point 
Barrow, Alaska. ( Brower); Unaleska, Amliea, ond Atka islands, Aleutian Isloends, 
on rocks below lowest tide mark, 1982 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Volutopsius regularis Dall,1873. Prfibilof, Aleutian, and Sannakh Islands, 
‘Alaska ( Dall). type locality, Unalaska.e 


sa Jumala Friele,1882. Type ( fide Dall) fe turtoni ( Bean). 

Dre hiyro. Myro Keen AOPALGOR ( For « Comm. Hino,1945) “ &s Grant and Galo 
point pe “Deli! 8 case for Berin rithz is woak; in fact, it is in the same 
class as (1) abévoe. dJumala Friele “18 & would seem to Gave prey over 
Beringius Dall,1886 , the first nace of actual publication, * 

frant ant Gale,1931, p.653 state * Aa ee Dall was supposed to have 
been established in 1679, that name having beén used inthe explanation of 
a plate of which Dall had fifty proof seopies distributed to conchologists, 
but its statua is questionable oe of that dates The type is, conchologivally 
Bsimiler to the N. lirata group." her v ; 

" Centrel plate small, descr wearaty Peer laterals hooked, with 
tvo small teath on the inner wargin®™ (.Tryon 8. & 8. Conche) 


YoU po at Yat yy hv cu 
Jumala_ crebricostata (Dall),1877. Plover Bay, tho Aleutian Islands, and 
onstward to the Shumagin Islands, Alaske.(Dall), Type locality, Unalaska 
in 100 fathoms, 

Collecting data: Izhut Bay, Afognak Island,1922; Sitkalidak Island, 
1931; ( Wed. Eyerdam) *** Extension of ranke castward from Shumagin Ids, 
about 200 miles. 

Jumala cretricostata undata néata (Dall), 1919, Unalaska, hence south and east 
‘to British Columbia in 238 fathoms ( Dall). Type ed Cygnet Inlet, 
Boca de Quadra, Alaska in 169 fathoms. 

Collecting data: Unalaska, Aleutian Islahds, ‘dredged , 1932 ( Eyerdam). 
Jumala kennicottii ( Dall), 1907. Aleutian Islands to Cook! s Inlet, Alaska, 
Type locality, Captain's Harbor, Unalaska. 

Collecting datat Petersburg, Alaska ( G. Willett); Izhut Bay,Afognak 
Tsland,10922; Chichagoff Island,1934; Sitkalidak Island,1931 ( Eyerdam). 
Jumala kennicottii incisa ( Dall),1997, Pcetrel Bank, Bering Sea in 54 fms. 
to Illulliuk Bay, Unalaska Island ( Eyerdam). 

Collecting data; Illulliuk Bay, Unaa&aska Islanc, 1932 (W.Jd. Eyerdam). 
Jumola stimpsoni (Gould),1869. Point Barrow to the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. 
Type locality, Arkancheche Island, Bering Straits, 

Collecting data: Icy Cape, Arctic coast of Alaska ( W.J. Eyerdam); 
Point Barrow, Alaska ( Brower); 

Jumala malleata (Dall),1884. Arctic Ocean and northern Bering Sea ( Dall) 
Type locality, Point Teva Arctic. 

Jumila frielei (Dall),1894,. Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, 66 fathoms, 
Jumala aleutica (Dall) ,1094. Amukhta Pass, Aleutian Islands, 248 fathoms / 
Jumala marshalli (Dall),1919.  Pribilof Islands to Unalaska, Alaska. 

Yype locality, off Unalaska in 78 fathoms, 

Jumala indentata (Dall),1919, Ketzebue Sound to the Aleutian Islands, also 
north Japan seas ( Dall). Type locality, off the Khudubino Ids.,Boring Sea. 


Genus Liomesus Stimpson,1865. Type ( by original designation), Buocinum 
daloi Je ee CO. Sowerby. 

" Shell of moderate Size, bucciniform; with spiral striations or threads; 
pillar short, twisted; outer lip thickencd, not reflected; operculum with m 
epical nucleus; periostracum conspicuous® 

"This genus is similar to Buccinum but has an operculum with an apical 
nucleus.e” ( Grant and Galo, 1931, pe 666). 

Liomesus nassula Dall,1991, Bering Sea from the Pribilof Islands to the Pen- 
“insula of Alaske, 34 to 121 fathoms. Japan? (Dall). Type locality, 121 fms. 
near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Seca. 

Collecting dota: Bering Seca ( Lewis). 

Liomesus ooides (IMiddendorff),1848. Ckhotsk Seca, also Pleistocene of Yesso, 
ees, Japan. ( Dall). Type locality; " Sin. Tugur, maris ochotensis ( 
Tugur Bay, Sca of Okhotsk). , 

Dre A. Myra Koen advises ( Per. Comm, June,1945) that Dall cited the 
pagination of a separate in the National Museum library. The original pagin- 
~ation in the serial should be cited instead. The oorrect roference should 
be Bull. Acad, Imp. Soi. do St, Petersburg, Phys.~ Math. Cl., vole7, p.246; 
" Beitrago" ( not figured), p. 504, 

Collecting datas Sitkalidak Island,1931. *** Extension of range east- 

-ward across the north Facific ocean to Gulf of Alaska, 
Liomesus ooides canrliculatus (Dall),1874. Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean to the 
Shumagin Islands ( Dall). Type locality, Cape Espenberg, Arctic Ocean. 
Liomesus nux Dall,1877. Alcutian Islands to Shumagin Islands, Alaska. Also 
Japan Seas. T°: Type sonra Aleutian Islands in 10 fms, 

Collecting data: Umnak Island, Alaska ( G. Willett), 


' #50 p16 ‘  July,1945-- 
coe Mohnia Friele,167€. Type, Fusus mohnit Priele. * 
* Shell o8 in Ssenonerhie or Plicifusus, but the whole’ neptonie shell 
smooth ( it is sculptured up to the larval whorls in other species); oper- 
-culum coiled, pauci~spiral; radula, with one ousp on the rhaohidian and — 
two on each Tesora tooth; ovicapsulés solitary, ss in ‘Tritonofusus. (Dall) 


Mohnia robusta Dall, soir Off the Pribilof Islands, 987 to 1,401 maton 
Wohnia corbis Dall, 1913, Off the Pribilof Islands, 1,771: fathones 

Mohnio frielei pei 1891. Off the Queén Charlotte Te lance: B.C...in 876 it 
Mohnia vernalis Dall, 1913, Tillamook Bay, Oregon, to Monterey, Calif. ; 
"786 to B81 fms. ( ele Type locality: off Tillamook,Ore. in 786 fathoms, 
Mohnia siphonoidea Dall,1913, Off Pribilof Islands, sy 987 fathoms,. 


Vohnia. “exquisite, Dell, 1913, Bering Sea, off Koniugi Island, Aleutians in 


ore 7O6 © 766 fathoms. 


Genus Ancistrolopis Dall,1894, Type ( o Spinihar designation) Chry- 
~sodomus eucosmius fall ( pide Grant and ad who use it as a subgenus 
of Weptunea, ped?) » 

~* "Shell Buccinoid with a short, Gri ton canal; operculum straight, claw 
Bhoped, with apical nucleus.” ( eter Dall) ( Grant and Gale). 

hs Ancistrolopis is distinguished from Neptunea by its short, wide ant~ 
-erior canal. The columella is strongly incurred in the middle, The type 
Species has prominent, widely spaced spiral ritse The same is true of the 
typo of Boringius Dall,1086 , though tho latter has oa higher spire. Perhaps 
Ancistralopis should: He considered » section or geapee of Beringius"(Grant 
and EOF pe657) ‘ 


Ancistrolepis even it (pall), 1891, Pribilof Islands, Alaska to Tillamook 

Bay, Oregon, 67 to 766 fathoms. (. Dall). Type locality, off Unalaska Island. . 

Ancistrolepis eucosmius bicinctus Dall,1919, Pribilof Islands to Shumagin 

Tslands, Alaska, in 64 to 280 fathoms ( Dall). ee locality, southeast of 

Unalaska,. — 

Anoistrolepis magnus Dall,1895, Okhotsk and peeing Seas, 25 to 70 fms. 

Anoistrolepis ontifornicus Dall,1919. Fuoa Strait to San Diego, Calif. , 

i562 to 964 fathoms ( Dall). Type locality, in 984 fathoms near Cortez Bank, 
Grant and Gale state that this is identical with eucosmius. 

Ancistrolepis beringianus pees Bering Sea, off Starichkoff Island,58f 


‘Genus Banos Dall,1894. Pyne ( by original designation), Buccinum 
taphrium Dall,1891. 
Shell ns with a asenie sites nite suture, ene geey reflected 14P, 
and thick parietal anllous deposit.” ( Dall). 


Sulcosinus tophrius (Dall),1891, Bering Sea, off Caguweu or 351 fathoms. 


Genus Exilioiden Grant ‘und Gale,1931. Mem. San Diego Soe. Nat. Hist. 

vole 1, p.665. Type ( by original cesignation), Chrysodomus«rectirostris Carp. 
” Shell elongate, very slender, with numerous whorls, chrysodomoid 
ec and a straight canalsperiostracum conspicuous, polished; sculpture 
of numerous fine flecuous axial ribs and spiral striation; aperture small, 
simple, not lirnto within, outer lip thin, sharp, not reflocted;.innor lip 
ond pillar smooth,without plications.or denticles of any sort; operculum 
Pies slightly arcuate, with apical nucleus. (.Dall,1918, desoription ‘of 
Exilia) ‘ 

Several problems are presented here and the last has cortainly not pon 

heard, Grant and Gale, following Stewart,1927, claimed that Conrad's Exilia 


#50 p 16 July, 1945 
has a Turrid notch and belongs in the family Turridae. For this reason they 
describod the new genus Exiliodoa for our recent species. 
However, & more rocent paper * A Systematic Study of the Fossil Gastro- 

-pod Exilia” by Herdis Bentson, Univorsity of California Publioations, Bull . 
of the Dept. of Geologioal Sciencos, vols25, noe5, ppe202-203 discusses tho 
relationship of Exilia to Exiliodea and claims that thes tatement that 
Conrad's type species has a Turrid notch is not true and placog the entire 
fossil group under the family Fusinidae. Bentson considers Hxiliodea distinct 
for a number of other reasons. 
Dre A. Myra Keen advises ( Per. Comm, June,1945) * Note that the orig- 

-inal spelling is Exilioidea , not Exiloidea as Bentson cited it. Becauso 
Dr. Bentson made o careful and thorough study of the problém of classifice~ 
-tion of these gastropods, I am inclined to accept her decisions wherever 
she has any evidence at all for them, as in her analysis of nuclear differ- 
~ences, etc. The geologic distribution of the faunas involved would confirm 
her conclusion that Exilioidea is a separate entity from Exilia. The latter 
4s a member of a warm-water fauna that-was widespread in the Eocene and per- 
“sisted to the Oligoceng. Then we have no further reoord until the Pliocene 
when among @ cool-water assemblage a similar-looking form appears. That fact 
alone should warn one to look for differences rather than resemblances. It 
might even be possible that Exilia is a member of the Fusinidae while Exilioi- 
-~dea belongs in the Neptuneidac.” 


Exilioidea rectirostris (Carpenter),1665,. Behm Canal, Alaska, to Cape San 
Quintin, Lower California ( Dall). Type locality, Puget Sound ( fide Grant 
end Gale), 

Collecting data; Dredged off Redondo Beach, Calif. in 75 fms, in fine 
gravelend mud ( Burch); Forrester Island, Alaska in 50 fms, ( G. Willett); 
off Catalina Island, Calif. in 80 fms. ( G, Willett), 

Exilioidea kelseyi (Dall),1908. Crescent City,Calif, to San Diego, Calif. 

50 to 359 fathoms. Type locality, off San Diego in 124-359 fathoms, 
Collecting data: Off Catalina Island, Celif, in 80 fathoms ( G. Willett); 

we areadvised by Dr. Keen that there are specimens inthe Stanford University 

collection from off Qrescent City, Calif. in 30 fathoms which is an extension 


of range northward. Dre Kcen states that these spesimens seem bo be kelseyi 
though with stronger sculpture. 


Genus Flicifusus Dall,1902, Type ( by original designation), Fusus 
kroyeri Moller  ( fide Grant and Gale). eee 
7 Grant and Gale place these speoies under Seotion Plicifusus under sub-= 
~genus Colus under genus Neptunea, However, Plicifusus has been very gener= 
~ally givon generic standing, Hirase's Japanese Shells etc, etc. 

“ Shell strongly plicate axiglly, smooth or spirally sculptured, usually 
with an inconspicuous periostracum; nucleus Chrysodomoid; aperture ample, 
the outer lip markedly flegsuotts bohind, slightly expanded, simple, sharp; 
the pillar callows, the canal slightly twisted and recurved, moderately 
long; operculum as in Colus." ( Dall,1918). 


Plicifusus kroyeri (Moller),1842, Point Barrow, Arctic Ooean sovith to 
Vladivostock, Gulf of Peter the Great, in Japan Sea, east coast of Siberia 
( Eyerdam). Circumboreal,. Johnson gives the range in the Atlantic as Green 
~land,. 
Collecting data: Vladivostock as reported above by W.J. Eyerdam is 

a southward extension of range of several thousand miles. Point Barrow 
(Brower). 

Plicifusus arcticus ( Philippi),1850, Arctic Oceay, Bering Sea, Aleutians 
‘Yo Shumagin Tslands,Alaska.Ciroumboreal, Greenland, Type locality, Spitz- 
~bergene 


#50 p 17 July,1045 
Plicifusus johanseni Dall,1919, Point Barrow to Icy Cape, Arctic Oceans 
Type loenlity, Icy Cape. 
- ?Pliolfusus verkruzeni (Kobelt),1876. Arctic ocean to Bering Strait. Circum- 


none no ee 


~horeal. type “locality, Porsangerfiord ( Nomway). 


Subgenus Retifusus Dall,1916. ‘Type ( by original cesignation), Triton- 
~ium jussocns Schrencke 
Shell of small to moderato size, with a conspicuous dark usually 
‘vefnicose periostrnaoum; axially plicate, the surface reticulated by sharply 
incised spiral grooves; nucleus syvollen, chrysodomoid; outer lip flexuous, 
slightly reflected, sharp, without internal lirae; canal short, recurved, 
with the siphonsal Gaediole indistinct; operculum arcuate with aploal nuodetains 
“(Dall , 19168). 


Plioifusus virens (Dall),1877. Bering Sea to Middleton Island, Alaska. 
Japan? ( Pall). Type locality, Kyska Hartor in 190 fathoms, 

Flicifusus incisus Dnl1,1919, Arotio Ocean; Bering Sea3 east to the Shuma g~ 

“Zin Islands 88 to 54 fachoms ( Dall). Type locality, USFC Sta. 3643, westem 
Bering Sea. 

Plicifusus_ pe concen ame Dall, 1919. Petrel Bank, Bering Sea; the Aleutians 


Subgenus Microfusus Dall,1916. Typd ( by original designation), Chry- 
~sodomus acutispiratus Sowerby. 
“WT Bhelil small, with a somewhat villous, inconspiouous periostrasum 
nucleus smooth, swollen, obliquely tilted, chrysodomoid; subsequent whorls 
near the apex axially ribbed, the remainder without axial sculpture; spiral 
sculpture of fine close threading; suture appressed, spire acute; aperture 
‘ shorter than the spire, with 2 wide, very short, recurved canal; outer lip 
simple, sharp; pillar without cellous deposit, or marked siphonal fasciole." 
(Dela, LOLs). 
Plicifusus brunneus (Dnall),1877. Port Clarence, Bering Strait, to Nunivak 
end the Pribilof Islands. ( Dall). Type locality, Nunivak Island,Bering Sea 
in 19 fathoms. 


Subgenus Latifusus Dall,1916. ‘Type ( by original designation), Chry- 
-sodomus griseus Dalle 

“Shell short and troad, whitish, with a dull slightly villous perios- 
~tracum; arcuately plicate with fino spiral threading; canal and aperture 
as long as the spire; outer lip strongly flexuous. behind, slightly thickened 
and reflected; pillar short, smooth, with the bony coated with callus in the 
adult; ennal short, wide, recurved, with the siphonal fasciole feeble; oper- 
=culum arcuatc, the nucleus apical and in perfect specimens incurved; the 
npox of nll tho specimens is moro or less eroded, but appears to have been 
acute and chrysodomoie.® ( Dall,1918). 


Plicifusus griscus (Doll1),1899. Bering Sea ( 27 fathoms) to San Diggs, Calif. 
(é86 Fathoms). Typo looality, USFC Sta, 2839, near the islands off Santa 
Barbara, Calif. in 414 fothoms. Point Barrow, Alnska ( Weds Eyerdam) « 


Subgenus Holicofusus Dall,1916. Typo ( by original poetenncione Chry- 
-sodomus laticnudatus Dall (- - Tritonofusus eEasor Ey aurantius | iecisore 
Se acuep ell) ae ee or er evo 

“~—"¥ Shell small, short, inflated, with an external chalky layer covered 
with a dark rude periostracum, both usually eroded; the inner shell layer 
of an orange color; nucleus large for the shell, depressed, domelike, smooth, 


#50 p 16 July,1945 
and of about one whorl; the succer ding whorl or two with short small axial 
ribs, the later whorls with only fine spiral sculpture, usuallu eroded; apor~ 
-ture as long as the spire; outer lip sharp, fleaxuous behind, not reflected; 
body and pillar with a thin callus; pillar short, twisted, abruptly bent to 
the left with the wide short canal, no siphonal fasciole present; operculum 
as in Plicifusus." ( Dall,1018). 


Plicifusus laticordatus ( Dall),1997. Bering Sea ( 33 to 76 fathoms) south 
to Fuca Strait (559 fathoms). ( Dall). Type locality, Sta. 3279, in 41 fms, 
Bristol Bay. ‘ 


Genus Colus Roeding,1798. ‘Type ( by subsequent designation, Dall,1996) 
Murex islandicus Gmelin. 

¥ Shell long-fusiform, slender, with numerous moderately rounded whorls, 
the nucleus Chrysodomoid, the shell structure usually white, often with a 
chalky external layer under @ conspicuous, usually brownish, adherent perios- 
ptracum; sculpture spiral, seldom very strong, sometimes nearly obsolete,never 
axially plicate or ribbed; aperture of moderate size, the outer lip simple, 
acute, not thickened or reflected, rarely slightly expanded; pillar smooth, 
the inside of the outer lip not lirate or denticulate; canal varying in length 
usually somewhat tortuous or, when short, recurved; operculum filling the 
aperture, formed as in Chrysodomus, RadGtle like Chrysodomus, the minor cusps 
variable, the rhachidian tooth always cuspidate. Ovicapsules solitary, lenti- 
~form or hemispherical, attached ty the whole of the flat sido, usually with 
several enclosed younge Nepionic shelis small, generally with the apical whorl 
inflated, the next succeeding somewha% constricted,and the rest regularly 
increasing; but the nucleus varies as previously described from inflated and 
irregular to blunt and regularly coiled, brut always smooth." ( Dall,1918). 


Subgenus Aulacofusus Dall,191@8, Type ( by original designation), Fusus 
sSpitzbergensis Reeve. Proce UeS.NoM. wol.64, p.217,1918, 
Another group of species, typified by Fusus spitzbergensis Reeve, has 
a special aspect due to tho short canal and the prominence of the spiral ribs 
separated by chanoled interspaces, It may he called Aulacofusus." 


Colus spitzbergensis (Reeve),1655,. Circumboroal,. Arotic Ocean to Northern 
Japan and Fuca Strait, 12 to 142 fathoms. ( Dall). Johnson gives tho Atlantic 
range " Labrador to the Gulf of St, Lawrence, 1-142 fathoms, Type locality, 
Spitzberger.. Atka Ie@., Aleutian Islands ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Golus periscelidus Dall,1891. Commander and Aleutian Islands eastward to 
Sannakh Islands, Wseree (Dall). Type locality, " off Akutan Islancs,Alaska", 
Colus herendeeni Dall,1902. Southern Bering Sea, Nunivak Island to the Alout= 
‘=ians and castwaré to the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, 41 to 204 fathoms (Dall). 
Type locality, Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, 

Colus nobilis Dall,1019., Neer Prihilof Islands, 69 fms, 

Colus calamcus Dall, 1907, Western Bering Seca off Starichkoff Island, in 632 
fathoms. 

Colus ombronius Dall,1919, Eastern Bering Soa, from Nunivak Island south to 
Eristol Bay and the Pribilof Islands ( Dall). Type locality, USFC Sta. 3252 
in Loring Sea, 

Colus bristolensis Dall,1919, Pribilof Islanes north and east to Unimak 
Tsland,dlaska, 27 to 62 fathoms, ( Dall). Type locality, USFC Sta. 3252 

in Bering Soa, 

Colus osychus Dall,1907, Point Barrow, Arctic Ocean, to ecine Island. Type 
locality off Bening Island, 

Colus roseus Dall,1677. Off Cape Lisburhe, Arctic Ccean, 10 to 15 fms, 


#50 p 19 _ duly, 1945 
~ Colus barbarinus, Nal],1919, Southern Bering Sea, -off Kepneanane: Island,535 fms. 
Colus *sapius Dall 51919, Off Sitka, Alaska, in 1,569 fathoms. 
Colus calathus Dall, 1919, Near Shumngin Islands, 159 fathoms, 
Colus capponius pall, 1919, Bering Strait near Port Clarence, 


~ Golus” accosmius Do11,1891, Off Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea ( 688 fathoms) , 


‘Eo Unalaska (399 fathome).s Type loonlity, USFC Sta. 3329, off Unalaska Tay, 
Bering Sea, 

Colus halidonis Dall,1919» Pribilot Tenens (81 pathos) to Monterey Bay, 
California (633 $3 ¢nthome). Type lpcality, off Destruction Island, Washington, 
in 516 fathoms » 


Subgenus Limatofysus Dall, 1918. Type ( by monotypy), Colus tahwitanus 
Dall. No type was aeeticiatedi and no formal description of the.subgenus 
givene The following is a description given of the species tahwitanus. 

* Shell small, buccinoid@, with about six whorls; nucleus eroded, suture 
deep, “not erence: whorls wold rounded; sculpture of Pine even uniform 
grooves with wider flat interspaces over the whole shells; periostracum dull, 
Glivacous; interior white, outer lip reflected, arcuate; pillar and body 
erased, axis twisted, almost pervious, canal very short and strongly recurved." 
hee Uso. Me vol.54,p.228,1918, ; 
Deus _trophius Dall,1919, Nicolas Island, Calif, ,1,100 fathoms. 

Colus lus_tahwitenus peda 1918, Off. Tahwit Hoady Washington 4n 178 fathoms, 
Colus 1 morditus Pall, 1910. Gulf of Georgia, 69 to 200 fathoms, 

Totus timetiis Dall,1919, Bering Sea, off Unalaska, in 19 fathoms. 

Colus dimidiatus Dada: 1919, Off Tillamook Bay,Cregon, in 786 fathoms, 

Colus_ severinus Dall, 1919, COLE Pigeon Point and Monterey Bay, Calif. in nate : 
to 296 fathoms. Type locality, Bay of Monterey, in 278 fathoms, 

Co Bus pulcius Dal1,1919,Arctic Osean, north of Bering Strait ( Héaly). 

Golus pgeorgianus see 1920, Gulf of Georgia, in 60 to:200 fathoms (Dall) 
Petersburg, ives ( Oldroyd); Chichagoff Island, Alaska ( W.JeHyerdam) 
Colus haPimeri# Dall,1919, British Columbia to 5an meee. Calif. in 69 to 

Ba2 fathoms, Type loonlity, USFC Sta. 4248 in Eastern Paesage, noar Stikin e 
River, southeast Alaskan, 

Colus Sone Dall,1919, Pribilof Islands, Boring eae in 36 fathoms, 


Subgenus ‘Anomalosipho Dautzenber g and Fischer, 0 crore scientifiques 
dd Monaco, livr, 37,1912,p.99. Type.- (fide Dall, 1918), Sipho verkruzeni 
-Dautzenberg and Fischer ( not Kobelt)— Colus olus_doutzentergl Dall, Atlantic 
Ocean; Grand Banks, 

* Shell solid, of moderate size, the nucleus unknown, the sculpture 
exclusively spiral, the sutures not constricted, .the aperture shorter than 
the spire, tthe canal very short, wide, hardly differontiated from the aper- 
aoe ( Dall,1918, Proce UsSsN.Me vol.54, pe 218) 


Colus martensi | Rrmubey 185. Plover ae Bering Strait, 20 fathoms, 

Colus ndonis Dell, 1919, Northern Japan, 25 to. 508 fathoms. 

Colus conulus hapten idee 1885, Arotic Ocean north’ of Bering Strait. CL roum- 
=boreal 7? ( Dall). Type ieee Late 66 dogs 58' N, Longe 171 deg. 25' E 

( crror for W?) Ms fmse ( note By Dre Avil. Keen). 


Sub genus Lati s$pho Dall, 1916, Type \ by: original designation), Chry- 
secon hypolispus Dall, 1891, 
. * Shell of moderate size,. Buccinoid in form, with fine spiral striatin 
or none$ no axial sculpture; the periostracum persistent, smooth} the spire 
short, about equal to the aperture; the canal short,markedly reourved; the 
outer lip ample,simple,slightly reflected in the adult; the body and pillar 


e 


#50 p 20 July, 1945 
callous, smooth; the siphonal fasciole strong with no chink between it and 
the Sooume ian callus. Operculum as in Colus with apical nucleus. The nuclear 
whorls as in Colus but small" Dall,1918, 8, Proc. UsS.NeMs vole54,  pelll. 


Colus hypolispus Dall,1891, Arctic Ocean (Healy) to the Aleutian Islands 
‘and oastward to-Shelikoff Strait, Alaska, (Dall). Type Foca lity, U.S.S. Alba- 
-tross Sta. 3254 in Bering Sea, 

Collecting data: Izhut Bay, Afognak Islands, Alaska, 1922 ( Eyerdam) 
Colus errones Jall,1919, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea ( 18 fathoms), to 
Strait of Fuca (. 308 fathoms), ( Dall). Type locality, Bering Sea. 

Collecting data: Forrester Island, Alaska in 59 fms. ( G, Willett); 

Port Frederick, Alaska ( Kate Stephens); Wrangel Island, Alaska in 50 fms. 

( HeN. Lowe coll.); Wrangel Narrows and Chichagoff Island, Alaska ( Byerdam). 
Colus halli alli Nall, 1873, Nunivak Island, Bering Sea to Ban Diego, Calif. in 
65 to 203 fathoms. ( Dall). Type locality, Sanborn Harbor,Nagai, 

Collecting data: Wrangel, Alaska in 50 fathoms ( G. Willett); Hoonah, 
Chikagoff Channel, Aleska ( Kate Stephens), 

Colus jordani Dall,1913, Monterey Bay, Calif., 633 fathoms; Bering Sea 70- 
TI90 fathoms; British Columbia, 67-142 fathoms, ( Dall). Type locality, Sucia 
Island, Gulf of Georgia, in 67 fathoms, 

Collecting data: Petersburg, Alaska, 3-590 fathoms ( G, Willett); Ban 
Juan Island, Puget Sound ( Univ. of Washington) ( G. Willett); Matia Island, 
Puget. Sound ( Oldroyd); Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, Alaska ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
Colus aphelus Dall,1890, Chirikoff Island, Maske to San Diego, Calif, 

290 to 626 fathoms ( Dall). Type locality, in 414 fathoms off Santa Barbara 
county, Calif. ; 

Colus halibrectus Dall,1891. Southern Borning Sea, near Unalaska Island, 
351 to 399 fathoms. 

Colus clementinus Dall,1919, Monterey Bay to San Diego, Calif., 330 to 704 


-fathoms. Type Couple between Santa Catalina and San Clemente Uslands in 


654 to 704 fathoms, 
Colus dalmasius Dall,1919, Off British Columbia in 238 fathoms, 


Genus Nuptunea Roeding,1798. Type ( by subsequent designation Monter- 
~osato, 1872) Fusus antiquus monstr. contrarius Linnaeus. Nr. H.A. Rehder 
Fibatened two - notes in the Nautilus regarding the type of Neptunea, See 
Nautilus vol.56, noe2, p.69,1942. 

* Shell moderately large,elongate-ovate to subfusiform, ventricose; 
Sculpture mostly spiral; outer lip usually os anterior canal of moderate 
length, slightly curved,” 


Subgenus Sulcosipho Dall,1916, ‘Type ( by original designation), Chry- 
-sodomus tabulatus Baird, 

W'Shell like Chrysodomus but more slender and elongate and with the 
whorl in front of the suture conspicuously widely sulcate or tabulate, the 


nucleus inflated and sliphtly oblique, the color whitish.” ( Dal1,1918), 


Neptunea tabulata ( Baird),1863. British Columbia and south to San Diego, 


Calif. in 46 to 218 fathoms. Type locality, Esquimault Harbor, Vancouver Is- 
~land. 

Collecting data: Off Redondo Beach, Calif, in 75 fathoms mudand gravel 
bottom ( Burch); off San Juan Islands, Wash. ( T. Kincaid); Catalina Island, 
Calif. in 70-100 fathoms ( G, Willett); Strait of Juande Fuca, Wash. (Eyer- 
-dam); Orcas Island, Puget Sound in 30 fms. ( Dr. Fred Yaker); San Juan Id., 
Puget Sound ( Lowe Coll,); San Pedro, Calif. ( Lowe Coll.); Redondo Beach 
( Chaney). 


#50 p 21 July,1945 

Subgenus Neptunea 68.5. 

Neptunoa amianta (Dall),1690. Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, to Monterey 
Bay, Calif. 66 to 785 fnthoms (Dall). to Lat. 34, Santa Barbara Islands, 
Type loenlity: near Santa Barbara Islands in 414 fathoms, 

Neptunéa insularis (Dall),1894, Pribilof Islanes, Bering Sea, 184 fathoms, 
Kuril Islands ( var.7) ( Dall). 

Neptunea oneodes (Dall),1997. Petrel Bank, Bering Sea, 54 fathoms. Also 
the Kuril Islands, 229 fathoms, ( Dall). Type locality, in 229 fathoms, 
Okhotsk Sea, 

Nerptunea ithia ( Dall), 1891. Off Monterey, Calif. 294 to 382 fathoms, 
Neptunea smirnia ( Dall),1910, From Nunivak Island toa Fuca Strait, 67 to 
Ti4 fathoms, Type loeelity, Straits of Juande Fuca. 

Collecting data: Victoria, B.C. ( “ed. Eyerdam) also (Newcomhe ). 

Neptunea nucea (Dall),1919. Arctic Ocean to Cook's Inlet, Alaska. 

Type locality, Cook's Inlet, Alaska. 

Neptunea phoenicea (Dall),1891,. Behm Canal, Alaska.to Cascade Hoad,Oregon. . 
Type locality, U.S.S. Albatross Sta, 2862 off coast of British Columbia, 

Collocting data: Wrangel, Petershurg, Forrester Island, Alaska in 40-50 
fathoms ( G, Willett); Petersburg, -Alaska,1918 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 

Neptunea borealis ( Philippi),1850. Arctic Ocean to Avacha Bay, Kamchatka, 
the Aleutian Islands and eastward to the Shumegin Islands, Alaska in 14 to 
110 fathoms ( Dall). Type locality: "Mare glaciale ad insulam Spitzbergen". 
Neptunea pribiloffensis ( Dall),1919. Near Pribilof Islanés, Bering Sea, in 
62 to 87 fathoms; southa nd east ta Kodiak Island, Alaska, and the Queen 
Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Also Japon. ( Ball,1921), 

Type locality, off Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, in 59-190 fathoms. 

Collecting data: Wrongel, Alaska ( G. Willett); Petersburg, Alaska in 
50 fathoms ( G. Willett); Unalaska Island, Aleutians, 1932 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
Neptunea vinosea (Dall),1919, Western Bering Sea and Avacha Bay, 16 fathoms . 

This species was omitted by Dr. A.M, Keen in ™ Abridged Cheok List” 
being considered outside of nur aréae 

Pellecting data: Vladivosbook, Eastern Siberin,1$28 ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
*#*% This is an extension of range southward about 20C0O miles. 
Neptunea satura ( Martyn),1784. Arctic Ocenn frem Point Barrow to Bering 
Strrit; Plover Bat, southand eash to Cape Douglas, Alaska ( Dall) to the 
mouth of Yenisei River, Aretic Siberio ( Wed. Eyerdam in Nautilus, vol. 57 
pel42). This was an extension of range westward from Alaska of over 3000 
miles, The type locality has beenstated to be ° King George's Souna", Hudson 
Strait, Rabrador by irs. Oldroyd. However, the observation was made by the 

.editor in the preliminary discussion that it seemed odd that this species 
is not listed by any of the faunal lists of the ieee Dre A. Myra Keen 
mide the following suggestion ( Per. Comm. June,1945 
" King George's Sound” is cbviously an inegrrect type locality. There are 
several such 8 ounés on the map. Mrs. Oldroyd assuméd that one in Labradcot 
was meant, but as you point out, this shell is nnt recorcec from the Atlan- 
~tic coast. There is a King George Sound in southwest Australia anda George 
Sound in New Zeeland. As many of Martyn 's shells of west America , notably 
the Colliostomas , were attributed to New Zealand, I suspect that the latter 
is the ene he meant." ‘ 

Collecting data: Bering Strait, Alaska ( W.d. Eyerdam). Mr. Eyerdam 
states " I have several varieties of N. satura besides the typical but am 
not sure of their stetus.” 3 Punuk I-jBer. Soa (Lewis) ;Saruma Bay, Japan( Baker) 
weptunea saturn hehringiana ( Middenderff),1848. Plover Bay, near Bering 
Strait, This species was omitted from the . Abridged Check List by Dre Ae 
Myra Keen because it has net been reported on the American side of Bering 
Seae 


Dr.» A. Myra Keen sends some interesting information regarding this 
species ( Per. Comm. Junc,1945) © The description of Chrysecomus saturus 


#50 p 22 July,1946 
behringlanus ( Midcendorff) on p. 233 of Oldroyd is identical with the one 
Of Volutopsius buringl on pe 166 and opplics tothe latter, The correct 
reference follows; . 
(Tritonium ( Fusus) entiquum L Le var. behringiana Midd. , 1846) 

Bull, Acad. Imp. Sci, de oh Petersburg, Bn y se cMe ute Cle; vol. 7, no.16, 
P2423 figured, 1849, * Beitrage" zu lial. Rosse",( Meme Acad. Sci. St. rovers 
-sburg, ser.6, Soi, Nat. vol. 6) p.131, pl.2, figs. 3,45 pied, fig.l. 

' Original’ description: 
“ Testa rufescente,abbreviata; anfractibus lacvigatus, supra conspicue app- 
~lanatis; canali Eis rugose=striata; gpertura mediocriter patule; cauda 


‘perbrevis, incurvata. Long. 60 mm, lat.(33)." Whorls 7. Type loce: Sinus 


Tugur mar. Ocho t.; {ns, Schantar ( i,o. Qkhotsk Sea), 


; Neptunes — satura ature e¢latior ( ifidcendorff), 1848. Norton Sound south to Unalaska 


Alaska, Dr. A. Myra Keen states regarding this species ( Per, Comm, June,1945 
* Unless the griginal description in the Bulletin differs very much from 

the ° Beitrage” and * Sibirieche Reise *® usnge, this name is unavailable as 

of Middencorff, | for his propos} is of a * form" and is essentially non-bin- 


‘-omial. In the *® Beitrage” he spenks of " forma elatior A'" and elsewhere 


uses it ina descriptive rother than a nomonclaturial BEN8G.s I do not have 
aecess to the “ Bulletin® descriptions," 

Neptunea satura communis ( iliddendorff),1848, Point Barrow, Arctic Ocean, to 
Bering Strait. Dre Asiiy Keon remarks on this species ° “ Beitrago*,- p.469, 
pl.5, eee 6-6, which was cited there as a variety but may be nomenclaturally 
valid. 

Collecting data: Punuck Island, Bering Seca ( Lewis) ( G. Willett), 
Neptunes satura tebularis ( Dall),1919, Pribilof and Nupivak Islunds, Ber- 
“ing Sea. Type locality, Bering Sea near Nunivak Islanc, 

Neptunes soluta (Hermann),1781, MacKenzie River delta wost to Point Barrow 
@nd south to Bristol Bay, Bering Sea. ( Dall). 

eptunea soluta variocifera (Dall),1997, Smithsonian Misc, Coll. vol.50, 
pelo4). Arctic Qcean, Okhotsk Sea to east coast of Sakhalin Island, 

Dr. Dali figured this species in Bulletin 112, P1.9, figs. 6,7 and gave the 
cate 2 sp 1920 and only the Arctic range.s.Dr. A. Myra Keon omitted it from 
the © Abridged Check List* for that reason. We havo the following note from 
Dr. Keen ® Dall epparently overlooked his earlier description. Type Loo: 


-" Station 5021, on the east coast of Sakhalin Island, and various stations 


in the eastorn pert of Bering Sea®*. Hence, I ules not have omitted it in 
the Check List." 

Neptunea lirata ( Martyn),1784. Icy Cape, Reger Ocepn, south to Japan on 
tho west, to Puget Sound on the east; and off Point Flnos, California in 

958 heat ( Tall). ‘Type looality: given as * King Georges Sound” ( sve note 
on this loonlity under N, satura on pe 21). 

_ Collecting date: Unimak and Kodiak Islands to Wrangela nd Petersburg, 
Alaska , 9 to 50 fathoms ( G. Willott); Strait of Fuca, Washington; Sitkali- 
-dak Islane, Izhut Bay, Afognak Island, and False Bay, Unimak Island ( W.J. 
Eyerdam) 3 Pont Grehem, Cooks Inlet, Alaska ( Dre Fred Baker); Glacier Lake, 
Alaska ( Mrs. Kate Stephens) ( 10 tne) 

Genus Seerlesia Harmer,1916 ( fide Zool, Record). Type ( by original 
designation), Trophon cnstifer SV. Wood. 

Grant and Gale use Searlesia: as a subgenus of the genus Kelletia, 

" Shell solid, fusiform; apex blunt but not bulbous; ornamented by 
spirel lines sr ribs end by strong longitudinal costae; canal usually short, 
open, straight or bending slightly to the left" ( S.V. Wood). 


#50 p 23 July,1945 

Searlesia dira (Reeve),1846. Chirikoff Islanc,Alaska to Monterey,Calif. 
Type Loenlity not given. 

This is a common and rather variable species from northern California 
to Alaska. ; 

Collecting dato: Port Orchard, Puget Sound; De Poe Bay, Oregon; Crescent 
City, Calif. ( Burch); Sitka to Forrester Island, Alaska ( G. Willett); 
Bear Bay, Cibrikoff Island,Alnska ( Kate Stephens); Victoria, B.C. ( Ke Ste- 
~phens); Newport, Oregon ( Trethewey); Crescent City, Calif. ( Chace); Bol- 
-inas, Calif. ( Hemphill); Duxberry Reef, Calif. ( Button); Victoria, B.C. 
( Kate: Stephens). 


Family BUCCINIDAS 

Genus Buccinum Linnaeus,1758. Type ( by subsequent designation, Mont- 
-fort,1819), Buccinum undatum Linnaeus. 

" Shell ovate or oblong, covered with 8 horny epidermis; spire elevated 
apex acute; aperture lorge, oval, emarginate in front; canal wide, very short 
orn mere oblique trunestion of tho base of, the sperture; columella smooth; 
inner lip expanded; outer lip usually thin, smooth internally; operculum 
ovate, nucleus smill near the outer front edgo." ( Tryon). 

Mr . Gcorge Willotttof the Los Angeles Museum gare a report to the 
club in our Minutes #7, Jon. 1942 on the familios Neptuneidae and Buccinidae,. 
A bricf summary of his talk was published. A few excerpts from that paper 
follow. * These two familics wore formerly combined under the family namo 
Buecinidae, the oldcr of tho two names, but nro now sonsiderod to hnve family 
charactors. The principsl external difference betweenthe two groups oppears 
to lio in the operculum, which is lorgor with apical nucleus in Neptuneidac, 
and smiller with latcral nucleus in Buccinidac. In fact, the genus Volutharpa 
of the latter fomily, the operculum is so excecdingly small as to be practi- 
-cally imperceptible. In most species of Neptuneidas the outer lip is thin, 
while in Buccinidae it is frequently thickened sandexpanded. The fomily namo 
Chrysodomidae used by Dre Dall in Bulletin is at least so far as Pacific 
Const specics aro concerned, % synonym of Neptuneidne, the genus Chrysodomus 
being Neptune. 

The family Neptuneidac is largely boreal in distribution, exceptions 
being the gencra Kelletia,Contharus,Macron and Elilioidea , with a few specics 
of other genera coming south a8 fnr as Colifornia in deep water. One example 
of these is Neptunen tabulate which may be found off our coast in fifty 
fethoms or moree It 1180 occurs in Pliocene and lower Pleistocene deposits 
in southern California. Several species and races in this family, some of 
them of doubtful nomenclitursl stonding have teen described from fossil 
faunos of various localities. An Atinntic species, Noptunea entigua, is usod 
in Europe for both food and bait, being known commonly as the " red wholk" , 

Two genera of Buccinidos sre found on our coast, Buccinumand Voluth- 
~erpo being restricted to northern latitudes, excopting for species thet 
come further south in deep water. One specics, Buccinum strigillatum , has 
been taken off San Diego in 822 fnathoms,.1nd onother 2. viridum off the 
Santa Barbaro Islands in 414 fathoms. Appsrently no member of this family 
hes been found fossil in California. The genus Buccinum is common in the 
north Atlantic, md it least one species, Be. undatum is used for food. The 
‘shells of this genus are peculiarly linble to great variation in size,form 
nnd sculpture. This renders tho classificetion of species very difficult." 


Buccinum ginciole Linnacus,1761. Ciroumhoreal. Arctic Ocean to Fuca Strait. 
‘Johnson givos the Atlentic range " Greenland to Gulf of St. Lawrence" 

Collecting data: Punuk Island, Bering Sea, 15 fms. ( Lewis) (Willett); 
Sitkolidak Island, Alaska,1931 ( W.J. Eyerdam) 


#59 p 24 July,1945 
Buccinum morchianum Dunker,1858, In Nautilus 59:101,102 wr. George Willett 
published ‘an article Sains attention to tha fact het ue peer! morchianum 
(Fischer) was really published in 1859 and was preoccupied by Dunkers species. 
This. places the species described ty Dall as Buocinum glaciale paralleslum 
-in the’ synonymy of morchisnum Dunker, and leaves the smooth form of bhaeri 
without a name. Mre Willott Clected not to roname B. haori morchianum _ 
stating that the smooth form is of no signifioanco,. 
Mre Willett also pointed out the following , " Mrs. 1.8. Oldroyd (Sten- 
-tord Univ. Publ. Geol. Sci., vole2, part 1, pe 258) followed Dr. Dall in 
the use of the name morchianum (niechenis Ti her plate 27, however, tho two 
figures supposed to represent this form are really B. gs morchianum Dunker, 
This plate is further complicated by the fact that the numhers on tho Bucce 
-inum figures and thoso on two figures of Chrysodomus saturus Martyn are 
. transposed.” . 
Range: Pribilof and Aleutian Islands to Cook's Inlet. Also Kuril Islands, 
( Dall for paralellum). 


Buccinum hortzensteini Verkruzen,1882, Western Bering Sea near Avacha 

Bey in Ly in “58 fathoms. 

Buccinum eugramme tum | Dal1,1907. Petrel Bank, Bering sg in 42— 54 fathoms. 
Figured by Oldroyd plel4, figel. 

Buccinum tonuv Gray, 1859, Ciroumboroal, Arctic Ocoan southward to Kamchatka 
to the west , the Alcutian Islands to the east and thence to. Fuca Strait, 

. Johnson ae the At@antic rango " Labrador to the Gulf of Maine,42-92 fms. 
Groonland, 

SORES dntas Godhaven, Geeeaiana ( Torrell) ( Eyerdam). 

Tucetnum tenue rhodiun ‘all,1919. Plover Bay near Bering Strait, 8 to 25 fms, 
Byccinum tonuo lyperum Dall,1919, Southwest Bering Sea in 100 fa" CMS ¢ 
Buccinum plectrum Stimpson,16G65, Point Barrow,Avrctis Gseen soi va to Puget 
Sound. Cirouaboroals. ( Dall), Johnson gives the 4¢lantic range init 1of 

St, Lewrenee to Groenland.”. Type locaitty net ici.ow. 

Collecting data: Wrangell, Alaska in 650 fms, { G, Willett); Pavloff Bay, 
Aleska in 13 to 15 fathoms ( Lewis) ( Willett): Izhut Bay, Afoganx Island | 
nnd Sitkalidak Island, Aleskn ( W.d. Eyerdam); Chichagoff Island ( Nortocg)s 
Puccinum solenum Dall,1919. Bering Sea, Nenivak.Island, to north of Ua:mak 
Island, in 56 fathoms ( [e1l), Type le eades USFC Sta. 3618, off Nunivak 
Isiand, Boring Sea in 35 fevhoms, 
fig Bee (nun humporcys.anin Bennott, 1625, ® Northwest America” (. Peaso*); 

exotio ft ( Dali). typo -osnlityz; Harbor of Oork. 

An obviously quostionavle aay and omitted from most farnal tLiscse 
‘Buccinun ocdematum Dall.!907, Prxbilof and Sannakh Islande, to ‘uw’ t bhoad, 
Washinpcon, Ty Typo local’ ty » Sta..g572 near the Pribilof Isiands in 368 fachoms,. 
Buncinim polare Gray,1l359, Avct.c Osean and sovth in Bering 53a to Aracha 
Ray mene on the west,, and to Alaska peninsula on the east.( Dall), 

Type locality, Icy oa HVrObis: 

Collecting data: Cape L* ebourne , Arttic Ooean in 30 fms. ( Lewis)(Willett, 
Point Barrow, Alaska: ( Wed». Eyavdam). 

Buccinvm chaz tiem Dell eoso [wien ee ie as ts lands in 688 Pre iee Also Japan, 


A meen me ne re 


Bice. we pom. ges Tatl ive’, Western Bering fea. of f Avacha Bay,662 fms, 
Buse yur pempateis anjor Dail,1929. Weas2t ari Berne Sca and. south to Japan 
in cy tasnensy 9 "8? 

BLCvias a PSN: 276 CO. tmnien Deil.loGy. Wungva sept tot,.and Uaimek stands, 
Be une SEN Bye toed. or a 2B4 nol sh of waunal Tacos. bow ng f6a< 
Dreor ed 45 Vici Mali .90s , Oo, CORSIeuGs Bot epee arom te Geib lOm aid 
Sosuntard Go veace Kavbara Ysiuada: Galif, an 414. fathoms. 


type locality, off Santa Basbura L[slands, Calif: 


#50 p 26 July,1945 

Buccinum planeticum Dad1,1919, From the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, to 

the Queen Charlotte Tavandee British Columbia ( Dall), ‘ype locality, USF C 
Sta, 3395, southwest of Hagneister Island, Bering Sea. 

Buocinum diplodttum Dall,1907, Off Sitka, Sinaia: 1,569 fathoms, and Sea Lion 
Rock, Washington, in 877 fathoms, Type locality, off Sea Lion Rock,Wash. 
Buccinum cnismatum Dall,1907. Bering Sea, north of Unalaska, in 390 fathoms. 
Buccinum kadiakense Dall,1997. Kodiak Island, Alaska, 

Buecinum | bulimuloid dewn Dall, 1907, Near the Bhinaein Islands,Alaska in 159 fms, 
Fuccinum rondinum pall, 1919, Southeastern Bering Sea off the peninsula of 
iacke; minsibontachones ( Dall). 

Buceinum castaneum Dall,1877. Sannakh and Shumagin Tedendny 20 to 41 fathoms, 
Type locality, Snumagin Islands in 20 fathoms. 
Buccinum castaneum fluctuatum Dal1,1919, Pritilof Islands to Unimak Pass 

and the Shumogin islands, Alaska a 30 to 56 fathoms ( Dall). 

Typo locality, St. George Islond, Bering Sea, 

Buecinum castaneun triplostephanun | Dal1,1919. Kyska ond Amchitka Islands, 
Aleutians, in 8 to 11 fathoms. Type Pea ieys Aleutian Islands, Sitkalidak(E. 
Buscinum costaneum incisulum Dall,1919. Unimak Pass, Aleutian Islands,56 fms, 

Bucceinum "pioturatum Dall,l877. Aleutian Islands eastward to Bristol Bay 

‘and Kodiak Island, . ence 5 to 60 fathoms, 

Colleoting data: Atka Island, Aleutians,1932 CW Eyerdam) » . 
Buccinum simulatum Dall,19A7. Petrol Bank, Bering Sea, 43 to 54 fathoms, 

Also northern Japon. ( Yall). Type locality, Sta. 4779, on the Petrel Bank, 
Bering Sea. 

Buccinum ochotense ( Middendorff),18648, ( described as Tritonium). 

Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. de St. Petersburg, Phys. Math. pe244; figured ,1861, 
Sitirische Reise, pe 235, pl.elO, figs. 1-2, pl.9, fig.5. 

Dr. A. Myra Keen advises regarding ie porerence : Incidentally, the 
correct title of the work Dall quotes as * Sibirische Reise” is : " Reise 
in dcn Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens," Bd. II, Zoologie,Theil 1; 
Wirbellose Thicro®, 

Range? Arctic Ocean north of Boring Strait,and the Pkhotsk Sea, 
Buccinum sigmatopleura Mall,1907, Cammander and Attu Islands,Bering Sea in 
135 fathoms. Type locality, Sta. 4792 off Bering Island. 

Bucoinum rosscllinum Dall,1019, Southeast of Chirikoff Island, Alaska 

In 695 fathoms. 

Buccinum strigillatum Dall,1691, Fuca Strait (178 fathoms) to San Diego 
(622 fathoms) and Guadelupe Island. ( Dall). Type locality, off Guadelupe 
Island, Lower California in 167 fathoms. 

Buoainum strigillatum fucanum Dall, 1907, Straits of Fuca ard Oregon coaste 
Type locality, Straits of Juan de fuga in 125 fathoms. 

Buccinum sericatum Hancook,1646, Arctic Ocean, Ot N ASS: ve Johnson gives 

the Atlantic record ao ° Davis Strait- Ciroumboreal”, 

Buccinum normale Pall,1885, This species is generally listed as a subspecies 

Buecinum angulosum | normale Pall,1885,° Dr. Ae Myra Koen notes the reference 
wRoy'’s * Folar Expedition” is : 48th Congress, 2nd Session, House Exec. Doce 

44, Tho type locality 4s Point Barrow, ® 

Range as given by Dall is Point Barrow to Kotzebue Sound, 

Nollecting date: Point Barrow, Alaska ( W,J. Eyerdam). 

Buccinum physematum Dall,1919,. Bernard Harbor, Arctic Coast, west to Point 
Barrow and south to Brianol Bay, Alaska. ( Dall). Type locality, USFC 
Sta. 3253 in Bering 8ea. 

Bucoinum anguloeum Gray,l039, Bernard Harbor, Arotic Const, west to Point 
Berrow and south to vicinity of Bering Strait. Type locality, Icy Cape. 

Collecting datat Onpe Lisbourne, Arctic Ocean in 30 fms. ( Lewis) (G. 
Willett); Point Barrow, Alaska ( Wed. Eyerdom). 


#50 p 26 July,1945 

Buocinum angulosum cnismatopleura Dall,1019~_. Proc. UsS.N.Me voOl.56, p.d28. 
Point Barrow, Arctic Ocoan, Alaska and between Cape Beaufort and Capo Lisbourn: . 
Type locality, Point Barrow on the beach. 

This species was omitted from Dali's list in Bull. 112 but the descrip-~ 
-tion is given in Oldroy& and figured pl.1l2, figedt, 

Collecting data: Point Barrow, Alaska ( Brower), 
Buccinum angulosum subcostatum Dall,1885, Note seferengo under Be a, normale 
Foint Barrow, Alaska. 
Buccinum angulosum transliratum Dall,1919, Point Barrowand southward to 
Bristol Bay. all). ‘Typo locality, Port Belcher, Arctic coast of Alaska. , 

Collecting datas Point Barrow, Alaska ( W.d. Eyerdam), 
Buccinum fringillum Dall,1677, North end of Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, 
Buccinum tenellum Dall,1833, Sea Horse Islands, Arctic Ocean, south to the 
Aleutian lelands. ( Dall). Type locality, Cape Etolin, north end of Ilunivak 
Island, Bering Soa, 

Collecting datas Bering Sea; Arctic Ocean off Cape Lisbourne in 30 fath,. 
( Lewis ) ( Willett), 
Buccinum paerii ( Middendorff),1848. ( described as Tritonium) 
Bulle Acad, Scie St. Petersburg, Frys. Math. Cl, vole7, noel6,pe 243; figred 
1849, in the Beitrago asc ited by Dall ( Dr. A. Myra Keon), 

Range: Commandor, Aloutian and Kodiak Islands. ( Dall). 

Collecting datas Aleutian Islands to Petersburg and Forrester Island, 
Alaska. The latter are more slender and higher spired ( G Willett); 
Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island ( W.J. Eyerdam), 
Buccinum fischerianum Dall,1671, St. George Island, Pribilof Group, Bering 

Cae 

Buccinum tenebrosum Hancock ,1846, Bering Strait. Circumboreal. ( Dall). 
Type locality, west coast of Davis's Strait. Johnson gives Atlantic record 
as Davis Strait, 
Buccinum ciliatum Fabriolus,1780, Ciroumboreal, From Point Barrow,Arctic 
Ocoan, south to the Aleutian Islands and eastward to the Shumagins, On the 
Atlantic from Greenland to the Newfoundland Banks. ( Dell). 
Buccinum ovulum Dall,1694, Amukhta Pass, Aleutians, in 248 fathoms. 
Buccinum alcuticum Dall,1894, Near Unimak Island , 50 fathoms, 
Buccinum percrassum Dall,1861. Arctic Ocean north of Bering Sea, 
Type locality, Bering Island. 
Buccinum chishimanum Pilsbry,1908, Bering Island, Bering Sea, Also Japan. 
Type locality, Etoro, Chishima, Kuril Islands, Japan, 


Genus Volutharpa Fischer,1856,. Type ( by monotypy), V. doshayesiana 
Fischer ( - Vo ampullacca ( Middendorff). 

® Sholl ventricose, thin; spire short, body-whorl and aperture very 
large. Opcroulum usually wanting; when present, at first with apical nucleus, 
aftorward beooming an:ular.*® ( Tryon). 


Volutharpa perryi (Jay),1655, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea ( Palmer), Also 
Japone Type loéality, Bay of Yedo, Japan. 

Dre Ae Myra Keon notes regarding the reference as follows 3 ™ Report 
of the Japan Expedition® is Senate Exec. Roc. noe79, 33d Congress, 2nd sess~ 
eion, volel2, pte 2, 1844=1855," 

Collecting datak Kii, Japan ( W.J. Eyerdam). 
Volutharpa am ullacea (Middcendorff),1648.  ( described as Bullia). 
Bull. uicad, Imp. Sci, de St. Petersburg, Phys.-liath., Cl, vole?, noel, 
Pe 246; figured , *® Sibirische Reiso",1651, p,.237, plel7, figae 1-3. 
Range: Bering Strait to Fuca Strait ( Pall), 

Collecting data: Unalaske,Petersburg, Ketchikan, Alaska ( G, Willett); 
Izhut Bay, Afognek Island,1922 and Shumagin Islands, Alaska,1925 ( Eyerdam); 
alert Bay, BeC. ( Oldroyd); Bear Bay, Alaska; Abashiri,Hokkaido,@apan (Baker). 


H59 p 27 July,1945 
Voluthorpa ampullrces acuminata Dall,1A71. Am. Joure Conche vole7, pel04. 


Typo locality, Sitka, Alaska. 
Collecting data: Sitkalidak Island, Alaska,1921 ( Wed. Eyerdam). 


Additions and Corrections 
Dr. Joshua Baily Jr. advises regarding the type of Plicifusus . It is 
Fusus krdyerie " A decision of the International Commission makes it 
necessary to preserve the diagonal line across the o in krf/yeri.” 


Baccinum tenellum Dall in Kohbelt, 1883. 
~~ Conchylion Cabinot, ede2, vole3, pte 16(326), p.88, ple91,fip.d. 

The above is the correct referonce for this species on tho advice of 
Dre sie Myra Koen. Check page 26. 


The following species have not been reported north of San Diego but 
may be of interest. They are from the southern fauna and are discussed in 


Mr. A.M. Strong's notebook. 


Genus Pyrula 


Pyrula patula Broderip Gulf of California to Panama. 

“Genus Hanetia 
Hanetia pollida Broderip & Sowerby Gulf of California to Panama 
Hanctia anomala Roeve Magdalena Bay to Peru 

Hanotia fusiformis Blninville Panoma to Poru 
; % Hanctin modificata Reeve Gulf of California 
Hanetin elegans Dail,1908 Panama.e 
Genus Euthria 

Euthria plumbeus Philippi,1@41, Chile 


Genus Austrofusus 
Austrofusus alternatus Philippi,1841. Central America 
Austrofusus fontainci d'Orbigny,1841, Peru and Chile 
Genus Metula 


Metula amosi Vaonatta,1913 Acapuleo to Panama 

Metula metula Hinds,1844 — Central America 
Genus Truncaria Adamsand Roeve,1853. 

Truncaria brunneocineta Dall Panama 


Family COLUBRARLIIDAE . 
Genus Colubraria Schumacher,1817, 

There seems to be no described species of this genus north of San Diego 
although Dr. Dall reported a Colubraria sp. from.off Ia Jolla, San Diego 
County, Calif. in 199 fathoms, “A number of species have been described from 
the southern fauns. However, there seems to be considerable disagreement 
nbout the proper pogaaan of o number of these species. The following list 
from Mr. A.M. Strong's notebook may te of interest. 
conibraries (eMane aia NA anaes ( Hinds),1644. Central America 
Colubraria ( Bpidromus) reticulata (pletnei lie) ? Galapagos ? Mediterranem 
Colubraria ia (Epidromus) sowerbyi ( Reeve),1844 7? Galapagos ? Red Sea 
Colubraria ¢ aphrogenia | Pilsbry and Lowe,1932, Panama 
Colubr3 ririn lucnsensis Strong and Hen clein Cape San Lucas, 


#50 p 28 July, 1945 

Genus Engina Aray,1839, ‘Type ( by subsequent dvsipnation, Gray,1647), 
ungine zoneta. Referonco- Bartsch,1931, Proce UsSeNeli, Noe 2681, vol.79, 
With a Figure of the Genotypo of Engina®, The figures in this paper are good 
and should bu studied by all interested in this group. 

" Shell] ovatc=conic; spire sharp, with longitudinal nodulous ribc, dec- 
-ussated by revolving lines; aperture narrow, with scveral oblique plications 
in front; outer lip rather thick, inflected or callous in’tha middle,crenul- 
-atad within® ( Tryon) 


Engina maura ( Sowerby),1832, Proce. Zool. Soc, London for 1832, p.ll7. 
Referenco= Pilsbry and Lowe, Proc. Acad. Nate Sei. Philadelphia, vol.84, p .63 
pl.7, figs. 1 & 2. This is the specios listed by Dall and many others as 
Engina carhonariti(Reeve). Pilsbry and Lowg state of this speoias 3 

tho neotypo from Gardner Bay, Hood Island, Galapagos ( No. 153526 «aiNSP) 
here figured measures 19.3 mm. long, 12.2 wide, being almost cxactly the 

size of Sowerby's type ( 0.8 x 1.5 inch). It is black, with oa few small 
whitish and yellow spots, Sculpture of coarse rounded axial ribs, 8 on the 
last whorl, cvyossed by 8 or 9 spiral cords which form elongete tubercules 

on the ribs and are almost obsolete betwucn thom; three of those cords are 
larger on the prominent peripheral region, a subsutural cord and those belov 
the periphery being smaller. The intervals betwecn the cords are distinctly 
striate spirally, The aperture is bluish white. Within the outer lip there 
aro six teeth. The second and third from above being connected and prominent. 
On the columellar and parictal margin there is a series of smaller tuberclus 
and wrinkles," 

Range: Dall gives the range of the spocies as San Pedro, Calif. to 

Panama and the Galapagos. To Manta, Uouador ( Stearns, Proc. USNM, 14, p. 
317) noted by the =4 lat. in Keen's * Abridged Check List®, 

However, we are hesitant about listing the collecting records for this 
Species off the California coast boesuse of the general feeling as stated 
by Mr» Georgo Willett of the Los Angcles Musoum ® I think Dall's records 
for carkonaria probably are referable to strong.* 

However, the following collecting records by H.N. Lowe are no doubt 
correct 3 San Juan dol Sur, Nicauragua; iwanzanillo,Mexico; Puntarenas, Costa 
Rica; Montijo Bay an@ Taboga Island, Panama, W.J. Eyerdam records the species 
from Corinto, Nicauragua in 10939, 


Engina strongi Pilsbry and Lowo,1932,. Proo,. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vol. 84, 
Ds (GOs) PlelOmritvpeles aiyne locality off Qatalina Island, Calif, in 50 fms. 
Ranges Catalina Island, Redondo Beach and Sen Diego, Calif. 

* The shell is solid, fusiform, ivory yellow, marked with caroh=brown 
spots on the right side of each ,axial rib. Nucleus lost. Sculpture of 
slightly retractive axial ribs, 10 on the last whorl, cwuvssed by subequal, 
rounded spiral cords more prominent on the ribs, thirteen on the last whorl, 
three on earlier whorls; in the type a spiral thread running between first 
and second cords. Aperture whito, passing into a rather narrow canal below. 
Outer lip thick, with about six rounded tuberclos within. Inner lip with a 
low fold near the posterior angle and a very small one above the angle def- 
~ining tho antorfor canal," 

Collecting data; Qatalina Island, Calif, in 50 fathoms ( HN. Lowe); 
Redondo Beach, Calif. in 25 and also 50 fathoms ( Burch); San Dicgo, Calif 
dredged ( Gripp). 


#50 p 29 July,1946 
The following list of species of the genus Engina covers the ontiro 
coast, It is taken from Mre AcMe Strong's notebooks 


Enginn strongi Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932. . Redondo Beach,Catalina, and San Di go. 
Tngina ferrppinosa (Reeve), 1846. Lower Calif, to Panaia: 
Engfna romeo annay and Lowe,1932, Gulf of Calif. to Acapulco, 
Engina rufonotata (Carpenter),1864. Gulf of Calif. to Magdalena Bay. 
Engine na pulchrd (Reeve), 1046 ( reevenna CBs Adams) ? Gulf of Calif, 
“Eo Poansme, 
Enginn maura ( Sowerhy), 1432. San Pedro, Calif. to Manta, Bousdore 
Engina Jugosa _( C.B. Adams), 1852. Poneme. 


Engina contracta (Reove),1846. Panama to Ecuador. 
Engina pyrostoma ( Soren) 1832. Panomee 
Engina livida ( Sowerhy),1832,. Panama 
Engina | Hngina heptagonalis ( Hosta): 1846. Panama 
Enginn — tabopnensis _ Bartsch,1931. Panama 
Tngina — panomensis Bartsch, 1931 Tanoma 
Engine lithartum Dall, Galapagos 
Engin } montacnsis Rartsch, 19286 Eeuador 


Engina earlyi Bartech & Rehder, 1939. Galapagos 


Genus Caduoifer 


Caducifer sr_cropristriatus Carpenter, 1856. Panama. 
Caducifer tabogrensis Pilsbry & Lowe,1932. | Panama 
Gaducifor thalcin Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932. Galapagos. 


SIO OCG IGIG OIG IOC IR OIG OI HOI OIC SHOIG OE FO IO OK A IOI IDICIO IORI IR AOR OIG ACID IOK ACE C2 
Professor Louis Brand, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati 21, Ohio sent 
the following letter ¢ 

The following, is a partial list of the shells collected by my daughter 
Mrs, Sore Br and Marey at Arica, Chile ( 1944-45). Besides these there are 
® number of species of Fissurella and acmaea that I have not determined; also 
some small bivalves. Pecten purpuratus Lamarck was not found at Arica but 
my daughter ottnined single valves of this species from Iquique, ie 


Concholepas peruviana | Lamarek Littorina pertriana Lamarck 
Cymatium rude Broderip Mitra chilensis Kiener 
Ca clyptraea . trochiformis Gmelin - Murex orassilatrum Gray 
Calyptraca strigata Broderipe -* Nagsa escalae Philippi 
TPiscinisca — lamellosa sa_ Broderip | Thais. biserialis Blainville 
Fissurella crossa Lemarck _ Thais Thais chocolata Duclos 
Fieguralla nigra Lesson Turritella cingulata Sowerby 
Fissurella concinna Philippi Oliva peruyiana Lamarck 
Fissurelln dervinii (?) Reeve Topula atra Lesson 
WYTssurclla exquisita (2?) Reove Scurriea. scurrs Eschscholts 
eee Gay, wg ae ORE 


Mrs Wed. Eyerdam, 7531 10th Ave., NeE., Seattle 5, Washington " I note that 
you will publish o list of tho marine s hells .collected at Arica, Chile by 
the daughter of Rre Louls Brand. This is of interest to me bocause I spert 
three days thtere ond collected a few shells, although at tho time I was 
thero the tides were not very good. I am sending you © list of 24 species 

of shells that I took at asrioa and hope you will include them together with 
the list you intend to print next month. 

The beach at Arica is very-sendy but at extreme low tide, outer reefs 
are partially exposeds The most conspicuous land mark on the shore i8 the 
great Morro Rock where the Foeruvian garrison was routed and almost annil- 
ele by the ferocious onslaught of the Chilean suldiers in the Tacna-Arica 
ware" 


#AO p 30 July ,1945 
Marine Shells Collected at arloa, pie in February, 193R by Wed. eer eon 
hytilus mapollonicus Roeding F{ssurella Laken rina ta Sowerby 


lytilus algosus Gould Scurria p parasitica d Orbigny 
Brachidontes pu purpuratus Lamarck Tegula ( Chlorostoma) atra | Lesson 
Brachidontes granulatus Hanley Tepula ( Ghlorostoma) tridentata Fot. Mc 
Marcia rufa Lamarck - Crepidula dilatata Lamarck 
Protothaca thaca Molina - Trochita radians Lamarck 
Semele solida Gray Turritella ungulata Lamarck 
Mulinea edulis King Thais ( Stramonita) bisorialis Blain , 
Chiton latus Sowerby Mitra _( Atrimitra) maura Brodérip 
Enoplochiton iton niger Barnes Oliva iva peruriana La Lamarck 
Wetomura echinata. Barnes Disciniscea lamellosa Broderip 


Tonicea ( Fannettia) disjuncta Fremtly 
Fissurella limrtata Lesson 

AOAC IDOI IOs 
Note from Thomas A. Burch " Figure 463 lahelled Mactra nasuta in John- 
-son and Snook ® Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast™ is definitely 
not We nasata , and is undouttedly a species of Spisula.” 

FORO IK 

New Publications Reccived. 
Nautilus Vol. 68, No.4, April,1945, There are several papers in this 
issue of particular interest to us. Dr. Joshua L. Baily Jr. gives a very’ 
clear discussion of the matter -we handled under Carditidae. The title of 
the paper is " Cardita ( Cyclocardia) longini, new name for Venericardia 
(Cyclocardia) nodulosa Dall,1919.". This is the species that wo called 
Cardita bailyi for which this writer owes Dr. Baily an apology for not 
first asking him to suggest a new name because wo wore entirely indebted 
to Dr. Baily for the information that C. nodulosa Dall was preoccupied. 
If it were as simple as withdrawing the motion in parliamentary proceed- 
~uro that would gladly be done. However, the interesting fact remains 
that there were something like 1209 copies of the first papers distributed 
literally all over the world. Between us we seem to have named it very 
thoroughly, About the only redeeming feature of the affair seems to be 
that the species is so exceedingly rare that very few collectors will ever 
have occasion to be concerned about giving it any name at all, 

An interesting note ty Dr. Pilsbry calls attention to the fact that 
Tellina panamanensis Li ,1939 was evidently intentionally spelled that way 
and therefore is not Menor imons with Tellina panamensis Philippi,1848, 
Therefore the name Tellina liana Hertlein and Strong,1945 was not necded 
and will be synonymous with panamanensis Li. 


The description of Stenacme floridana, new genus and now species is 
interesting. Dr. Pilsbry states that it is closely relatod to the Amphib- 
-ola of Australia,New Zealand, South Africa etc. 


The Journal of Conchology, vol.22, no.6, May 31,1945 , the organ of the 
Conchological Society of Great Britaina nd Ireland has been received. 
Among the several fine papers in this issue there are none touching our 
west American fauna particularly. There is an interesting account of 
Edgar Allan Poe's * Conchologist's First Book” by Colin Matheson. 


Mollusca, vol.l, noe5, June 19,1945, published by Paul H, Reed, Tavares, 
Florida is at hand. Dr . W.d. Clench has a good paper dealing with the 
Harvard Navassa Hxpeditione Dr. Henry vander Schalie has a paper on 

* Wha? has happened to snails of the genus Eo And a newcomer to the 
current writers is D.H. Kennelly, Port Elizabeth, South Africa with an 
account/of © Shell Collecting in South Africa". 


#50 p 31 July ,1945 
ss Catalogo de los blolluscos Marinos de Puerto Quequen® by Alberto Carcelles 
is more than 9 mere check list of the molluscan fauna of Argentina. The 
paper , 78 pages and 16 pages of plates. This may be purchased for $2.40 
in the money of Argentina from the Director del Musco de la Plata, La Plata, 
Republica Argentina, 

\ 

The Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada publish frequent 
articles on mollusks. Their List of Publications is rather extensive and 
many of themare very well worth adding to your library. 

One paper that has been published since we worked on tho Veneridnae 
last year is " The Spread of the Japanese Little-Neck Clam in British 
Columbia Waters" by Ferris Neave, Progress Reports of the Pacific Coast 
Stations- No. 61 which also includes an article on the Buttor Clam. 

The species we listed as Venerupis philip;inarum ( Adamsond Reeve) is 
reported to be spreading both north and south of Ladysmith where it was 
originally found. Many localities aro listod with the statement “ On the 
tide-flats of Ladysmith harbour, where it was originally discovered, it is 
now probably more abundant than any other of the larger clams, and the 
bright yellow larvae aro frequently in evidence in collections of plankton 
made during the summer months. The species is now known to occur as far 
south as Senanus Island, Saanich inlet... North of Ladysmith the writer 
has found the specics at False Narrows, Departure Bay,Nanaimo,Nanoose 
bay, False Bay, Lasqueti island, ond Bargoin harbour , near Pender harbour® 
BOAO OI OR IOIOI OR A 
Lucrecia Garcia Castillo, 18 No. 351, Vedado, Habana, Cuba. ” I am very 
interested in collecting land, fresh-woter,ond marine shells and I am writ- 
-ing you to know if you have speeimens to sell.® Perhaps some of our mer- 
-bers may be interested in answering this note. 
Dr. Harry S. Ladd, U.S. National Muscum, Washington 25, D.@ Former 
address was Rolla, Missouri. . 
Esrl C. Huffmon, 356 Stanton 5t., Pasadena 3, Calif. Earl has been on 
the sick list for the past several wecks bit is rdécovering in good order. 
He 1s very obviously a floriculturist as well as a conehologist. He tells 
of his Epiphyllium which had 35 blossoms at onc time ond nonc tinder 8 inches 
Morris K. Jacobson, ( summer address only), c/o Dresher, Locust Avenue, 
Peckskill, N.Y. He reports that during the past winter he Gompleted quite 
a pretentious shell cabinet ( wonder how he gotthe lumber) and i8 using 
for trays the boxes of Regent cigarettes, His friends 4moking Regents are 
invited to save them. Really dounds as if he meant it too which is almost 
good for a laugh anyplaee these days. The editor is now rolling his own 
out of pipe tobacco being unable to get Bull Durham much less any kind of 
ready mades,. vJacobson has a1s5 been trying to dredge in Jamaica bay wit 
a row boat but has not had much luck. Nothing wrong with a good row boat. 
Suggest that he try gnother bay, 
lirse Gray Hackney, Atlantic Boach, N.C. is the summer address onlye 
George P. Kanakoff,4315 Sunset Drite, Los Angeles 27, Calif. We are glad 
to hear frem George ngain. He is disposing of 211 of his foreign shells 
and will henceforth concentrate on west coast material. 
Professor Je Harlan Johnsop, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Solos wishes 
to send all possible information on the molluscan fauna of the Mariannas 
to Lt. ( jee.) RB. Trovis, X36 Ind. Depts, N. 926 F.P.0. San Francisco. 
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Camoron, 655 Hinvorford Ave.e, Pacific Palisndos, Calif. 
writes thot they aro spending somo time now at thoir boat c/o Floitz Bros., 
5242 Kerckhoff Ave., San Pedro, Calif. 
Mr. and Mrs. Morris Schick, Schick Cactus Gardens, 715 S. Central Ave., 
Glendale 4, Calif. We miss them at the meetings these days but glad to 
hear that they are well and keeping up with their shells, 


#50 p 32 July,1945 

Thomas A, Burch, M.D. graduated from the School of Medicina, Uni*crsity 

of Southern California, on J¥ne 23. He will start his internship at the 
U.S. Public Health Hospitak at San Franciseo on July 1. At the graduatim 
exercises he was comnissioned a first lieutenant in the army medical 

corps but will be on inactive status until he complotes his internship. 

His address for the next nine months will be : Dr. Thomas A, Burch, U.S. 
Marine Hospital, San Francisco, Calif, 
Walter J. Eyerdam, Oceanic Fisheries 0o., Port Vita, Kodiak Island, Alaska, 
WI am hore at the herring saltery now 2 weeks back at my old job as cooper 
ond assistant curer. It is quito a relief to be back in Alaska after over 
s years on swing shift at the ship yards as chipper and caulker. I have 
deen in Alaska about 15 times doing this work and always found some time 

to study nature and especially the marine life. The erring will start to 
come within the next two wecks and then it will be long hours of hard work, 
Up here the weather is either lovely or bad. The flowers are coming out 
everywhere along the slate sca cliffs and I collect them every evening after 
work and dry the blotters on the kitchon stove. We have a wonderful cook 
and the food is just perfect. At this camp we are fed every 4 hours when 
working long hours and plenty of food is on hand at all hours of the night, 
Still the cook asks if we are getting oncugh to oat. No food rationing or 
points in Alaska, 

After returning from the big botanical excursion to South smortca 
in 1939 I came right up here, so I am quite familiar with the plants as I 
collected about 1000 sheets at this place and about 2000 sheets at Thum Bay, 
Knight Island in £939 and 1940 during spare time. This includes also large 
series uf the mosses, lichens and liverworts. Most of these plants have 
been disposed of since through exchange with other botanists. In 1931 I 
spent the whole summer collecting plants on Kodiak island. Now I am coll- 
-ccting them all over again. 

This part of Raspberry Strait is poor in shells. During the first 
few days I could only find about a dozen common species. Last Sunday P.M 
I wont across the strait and found a lot more including a dozen nice rock 
oysters, Pododesmus macroschisma living in a large tide pool on top of 
small pieces of slate covered with nullipores. This is the first time I 
have found them on top of small stones, Always before they were under 
boulders or large flat slabs of rock. More important than this is a new 
geographical record for the Minutes. I have found quite a number of Pecten 
caurinus along Raspberry Strait on both Afognak and Raspberry islands. 

The previously known farthest north range is Wrangoll Narrows, S.E. Alaska 
in Dell's report. This makes an extension of the range nearly 1000 miles 
northwestward. Now I have 47 of the shells already, 

Today which is Sunday I made a long hike along the beach. No rare 
Shells were found, but the prize was a fine large specimen of Neptunoa 
lirata ( Martyn) , near Pribiloffensis. Numerous very large basket cockles 
Clinocardium nuttallii were on the beach at low tide. I never saw s0 many 
big snes before. One mystery that I have wondered about for years was 
solved today. Millions of large empty shells of butter clams and cockles 
are scattered along the strait. The beach ground is very shallow so I had 
concluded that the havoc to the clams was caused by sudden freeze outs when 
the tide was low. This phenonenom I have seen several times in Alaska and 
Patagonia but it wasn't the answer to the local anihilation of the mature 
clam population. The devastation as I observed today in numerous cases was 
caused ky the voracious starfish Pycnopodia helianthoides or 20 rayed star- 
~fish, which is the largest specicos in the world. They simply plaster tho 
clam beds with their ubiquitous presence and scoop our depressions in the 
sand until a butter clam is found. The starfish quickly inverts his stomach 


#50 p 33 July, 1945 
and engulfs the clam, cven the largest cockles and in a short oe he 
throws out the empty shell. This is a perfect example of nature's balance 
because without other enemies in this shallow sand beach the clams would 
all perish through extreme over crowdinge 
FOR OIRO A IE a Ik 

Dr. H»R. Hill of the Los Angeles Museum sent us the following notice. 

At a meeting held at the Los Angeles Museum the afternoon of Sunday 
June 17th, the Pacific Shell Club was organized and officers elected. 
There were twenty present- mostly boysand girls of highschool age. Officers 
chosen were President- Ivan Goyette of Mt. Carmel H.S. Vicc~President- 
Arnold Kind of Manual Arts H.S. Secy.» Treas. = Ernest Healy of Los Angeles 
H.S. Dr. Howard k. Hill is acting as sponsor for this eroup of young shell 
enthusiasts and it is hoped that many will eventually " graduate” into the 
older organization ® The Conchological Club of Southern California” 

PTET TCLS CeCCo CLS LLL LSS 

Mreand Mrs. A.W. Gillis,1904 N. Madison, Pasadena 6, Calif. Note new 
address. "We are s» glad to send in the enclosed. My loan collection 
which has been at Westmont College came back home last week and lam sure 
glad to think of shells. gain. We have bought a little home here in Pasa- 
-dena for Mr. Gillis is better here and his work is in this part of the 
country... Some day we may be able to come to the club again.® 
Miss Ruth E, Coats, Tillamook, Oregon. 702 E. First St. " Pleaso find 
enclosed my check for $19.90, $5.00 of which is my donation for the publi- 
-cation of the © Minutes" ond $5.00 for o copy of the Distributional List, 
Part 1, Pelecypodae I would'nt want to miss one number of tho ° ilinutes" 
and find them very interesting." 
Mrs. Effie M. Clark, P.O. Box 511, Yuba City, Calif. We are certainly 
going to miss our effioient secretary but the above is to be her summer 
addresse She will be back with us in the fall. 
E.V. Edmonds, 611 Elm Ave., San Bruno, Calif. This is o temporary address 
for © Eve™ who is just getting costatlished on a new assignment in northern 
California, The Edmonds family is still here although Don is expecting to 
got his orders to leave for Honolulu any day and, of course, Bob is in the 
army serving in India, 
Mrs. Elsie Post Betts, Post Ranch, Terra Bella, Calif, “ Enclosed please 
find $2.59 for subscription to the " Minutes which I have been enjoying 
very much® 
Lieutenant V.D.P. Spicer,401 vemnene Ave., Berkeley, Calif. " am still 
marking time as the lack Jf gasolene keeps me from ee. and duties at the 
University take all the time. When the war ends will be able to play again 
and I am impaticntly waiting for a chance to search for the as yet unex 
-plored collecting field.® 
Mr. John Strohbeen,315 King St.,Santa Cruz, Calif. ™® Enclosed find $2.59 
for tho Minutos and am suro glad to be on the mailing list. I pot a big 
bang in reading the ‘news fromall of you fellows. Now adays a fellow only 
can read about what the other fellow does. No gas so we have to stay home 
but our day will come and also my retirement, then shells look out. I'll 
get a diving suit- maybe- Well at least I can stick my head under water 
and watch A. Smith- that will help. Hope you are having the Turvers at your 
mectings." 
Dr. Henry van der Schalie,Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann 
Arbor, Michigan. 7 «+. We have had to concentrate because of our geographic 
position, on land and fresh-watcr shells but we do have an interest in 
building our marine collections so as to give the widést range for the re f- 
~erence of interested students who may want to study marine material. Any 
help you or your conchological friends can give will always be much appre- 
~caated," 


#50 p 34 July,1945 
Dr. E.W. and D.S. Gifford,2535 Le Conte Ave., Berkeley 4, Calif. 
"We wish to tell you how much we like your handling of the family Olividae 
in the June number of the Minutes, The family presents a lot of knotty 
problems, but these may be largely man-made through the custom of slapping 
a name on every variant. 

We have six species of olives from Rocky Point Bay and four species 
from Guaymas. There are some local differences, Thus, the Oliva spicata 
from the former are more anpular or shouldered; the Agaronia hiatula test- 
-acea ( we doubt that the subspecific name is warranted) from the north 
largely lack the pink band that appears in the Guaymas specimens. Hiatula 
also comes from West Africa, specimens being indistinguishable from the 
West American ones,» 

After we've done some more Mexican collecting wo hope to publish in 
* The Nautilus" another variational study. 

Our compliments on the masterly treatment of a difficult group. We 
like the way you present the pr»blems and opinions,” 

Mr. Je Holland Vernon, State College, Hays, Kansas, Mr. Vernon is appar- 
-ently interested in buying shells. Perhaps some of the members will be 
interested, 

Dr. B.R. Bales, 149 Wost Main St., Circleville, Ohio, “ I am herewith 
enclosing some of the root of all evil to cover my subscription to the 

° Minutes” for the coming yoar. I think you have adopted a mighty good plan 
when you make a definite charge for this excellent publication. It does 

not take a mathematician ora New Deal so ealled ® economist" to arrive at 
the conclusion that in addition to the immense amount of work, it also costs 
a pretty penny to publish and mail ° The Minutec® each month. By making 

a charge, those who are only mildly interested, will be eliminated from 

the subscription list. It is a well known fact that whena fellow's rcelig- 
-ion does not reach as far down as the socket in which he keeps his wallet 
he's got a phony religion and if a shellor dont appreciate " The Minutes" 
enough to pay for them, his interest is only superficial and the sooner 

he is off the mailing list, the better it will be for all concerned, 
However, my bet is that you will lose but few subscriptions for I am sure 
that there is nowhere the customer gets so much for his money. 

Word from Florida is that the Everglades have been on, fire for months; 
the Royal Palm State Park hes been burned out and it looks bad for many 
of the hammocks where the Liguus have lived for generations. No doubt many 
varicties will be exterminated. I think the variety farnumi_ was lost 
when a fire éonsumeé the one hammock on which it was found, and these 
fires may exterminate other forms." 

Mr. Ralph W. Jackson, Route No. 1, Cambridge, Maryland. Mr. Jackson 
received a copy of our Minutes in torn condition also. Hereafter we will 
return to rolling them. Let us know if there is any more trouble when 
sending them this way. Mr. Jackson flatters our publisation by his eager- 
“ness to complete his file of: them. Our crrlier issues are long out of 
print. If any of the members have odd copies or serics of the earlier 
ones we will be very glad to hear of themard have them. 

* Thank you for sending what you could of the back issues of the 
Mittites. Would you mind running a list of what I lack with offer to purchase? 
My file lacks the following: 1,2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15. " 

Dre William L, Lloyd, Cabrillo Marine Musoum, San Pedro, Calif. We are 
flattered that Dr. Lioyd thinks of our papers thisway i We are keeping 
them on file and some day will work up an index so we will be able to 


better find what we want.” 
Dr. T. VanHyning, The Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, And we 


are Sincerely flattered again ® ... And as soon as your next number , 
number 59 would come out, I want to bind the whole," 


#50 p 35 July, 1945 
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS Minutes #50 pp 5 to 10 ine. 


After cutting the stencils on the genus Fusinus we received the foll- 
-owing letter from Mre Allyn G. Smith, His conclusions will be of special 
interest to compare with the opinions offered in the first papers. 


* Classification of Fusinus into subgenera can be done best by oare- 
~ful examination of the nuclear whorls, more or less following Grabau. We 
think most of our West Coast species found north of San Diego fall into 
two subgenera~ Aptyxis and Barbarofusus, Aptyxis, type F. syrcusanus ( from 
the Mediterranean) includes atic en ae taylorianus from the Gulf. 
Barbarofusus,which is characterized by a bultous , overhanging nucleus, 
includes F, barbarensis ( the subgeneritype), F. arnoldi, F,. kobelti, F. 
monksae, and others. We have found it difficult to find specimens that 
show the characteristic Barbarofusus nucleus as most specimens have the 
tip of the shell eroded or missing, or covored with coralline. Lower Calif- 
-ornian Fusinus species- that is, some of them- fall into other subgenera 
that are not n part of the present problem. The following brief comments 
may give you an idoa of our present views, 


F. ornoldi ( Cossmann),1993. core 

is is a common fossil from the Upper San Pedro Series, Pleistocene. 
As the type of F. robustus Trask was lost in the San Francisco fire of 1906, 
and as Cossmann did not designate a new type, we propose to designate a 
neoholotype from tho Stanford Collection collectod by Delos Arnold, and 
figure it. Arnoldi and barbarensis are two totally distinct species, not 
at oll related, as stated by Grant and Gale. Also, wo think that true 
arnoldi has so far beon found only as a fossil. There are living spooles 
that are related, and furthermore wo have eximined 2 fossil lot that are 
undoubtedly intermedinte between arnoldi, as we rostkict it, and the common 
Monterey Bay species. There is no good figuro of what we oall arnoldi, which 
is a fairly large shell, somewhat tabulate, ond heavily nodose, especially 
on the onrly whorls. Arnold's Pl.4, fig.e7 is a fairly good ono, however. 


F. barbarensis ( Trask), 1855 

Dall, Arnold, and Grant ond Gale all agree on this species as being 
long=spired and having a long canal. Arnold's figure is very poor. It was 
first found fossil at Santa Barbara and the type appears to have been lost 
in the San Francisco firc. So we propose to designate a neoholotype which I 
fortunately found in my collection taken from the *® Bath-House Beach” 
formation at Santn Borbara. It agrees very closely with the description. 
Barbarensis is found living off the southern California coast, very large 
ones buing taken by Tromper off Nowport. It extends down the Lower Calif- 


-ornia const as indicated by a large number of specimens dredged by the 
Crocker Expedition. These appear to be enough differont to warrant a sub- 


~specifio name. Localities for barbarensis includo the following: 
35 fms. off Newport ( Tremper) 

90 fms. off Avalon 

85 fms. in the Santa Barbara Channel 

269 fms. off Santa Cruz Island 

49 fms. off Point Vicente 

63-80 fms, , gravel, Monterey Bay; senroc. 


F. kobelti ( Dall),1877. 
There is a problem here, The description calls for a whitish shell with 
brown lines, which seems to answer to the shells dredgod off Catalina and, 


so far as we hav- been ablo to determine, nowhere else. I enclose a photo 
r a Po Hye Taye - Siti agin f~ tha thd J P--prar 4 n IT aet? Ne ae) al im f'- 


50 p 36 July, 1946 
of a fine living specimen from tho W.J. Raymond Collection. Dall also fig- 
eurod it ( Proc. USNM 143177, pl.6, fig.4, 1891). The brown lined shell 
is not found at Monterey, which leads us to suspect that Dall may have 
referred to more than one species in his description. If, on investigation, 
the type of kobelti in the U.S. National Musoum, said by Oldroyd to come 
from Monterey, is actuslly the Monterey specios and not whatwe have beon 
cnlling monksnac up to this time, then the Monterey species becomes eres 
and the Catalina species is open for a new name, as it appears distinct. I 
know of no fossil kobelti like those from Catalina, 


F, monksae Dall,1915, 

New name ae ¥, rugosus Trask, the type of which was also lost in the 
San Francisco fire, Namod originally froma fossil, We propose to sclect a 
neoholotype from a fine lot collected by G. Willett from the Hilltop Quarry 
formation, whore it appears to be common. As wo understand it, monksae has 
a very. hoavy shell, with eaote spire and canal, and with a relatively rough 
sculpture folicwine Tresk's iden whon he enited this specios rugosus. 
What wo now call monksac is not at 211 like tho Monterey species, Related 
Specics are your Sholls from otf Redondo and kobelti from Catalina, It is 
found living as woll as fossil and we now have on loan from George Willett 
three specimens he drcdgod in 30 fathoms off Catalina. I belicvo the Bormanns 
also have found dead shells on shore. 


Fusinus ( new species) 
. This is the Monterey species to which we have assigned a ms. name. 

It is the living representation of the fossil arnoldi, Thero is a southern 
race from San Pedro that appears to be rére in colloctions that we think 
my be cnough different to warrant a subspocific name, and so we havo tont~ 
-ntively assigned one. The animal is a bril‘iont rod when alive, but it 

fadcs out in aleshol, 


Fusinus ( now specics) , 

“This is tho species you dredge commonly off Redondo, It seems distinct 
enough from monksne ( as we understand it),and from the Catalina kobeltt 
to warrant a new specics namo, which we have nssigned in our ms. 


F, lutecopictus Dall,1877 
Subgenus Aptyxis. This is s0 well known that there is little further 
to add oxgoRe that the northern limit so far seems to be Monterey. 


F, harfordii ( Stearns) ,1871. 

Tho type is said to have come from ® Bip Spanish Flat", I don't know 
for sure where this is but I have assumed it to be at or near Little River, 
Mendocino Co, I would follow Dall in putting it in the subgenus Harfordia 
until better evidence is at hand that it belongs in one of the other groups, 
It 16 rare and pretty distinot as species of Fusinus go. We found 7 or 8 
live ones after much diligent hunting during minus tides at Union Landing 
and at Albion. The onimal is bright red and this is the thing to look for 
in trying to collect it. Once you know what you are lo king for there is no 
possibility of confusing them with Seatlosin dira , which has no shaggy 

-perdostracum and is found farther inshorce 


F. diminutus Dal] ,1915. 

According to Mackenzie Gordon, who examined the types of both species 
in the National Museum, this is Ocenobra lurida munda Dall, I think we can 
safely throw out diminutus. 


#50 p 37 July, 1945 
F. tayloricnus Reove, 1648. 

Another species in the subgenus Aptyxis. It is much like luteopictus, 
but evidently distinct from it. Lots I have seen in the C.AeS. collection, 
Spe Inbelled, nll como from the Gulf of California and I doubt its occuran- 
-ce in Catioriee California records aro, I suspect, misidentifications 
of lutoopictus. 


Metageria californicn Dall,1903,. 

~~"No comment except a 4t must be raree We have one single shell from 
Monterey that scoms enough differont to namo, so it is described and fig- 
-urod in our Monterey papere 


So much for coments on Fusinus, which, as I said should be considered 
as tentative and preliminary. I yontt guarantee we won't change our minds 
later. It is quite possible we have gone to, far in assigning new species 
and that it would be botter to describe tho new ones indicated above as 
subspecies under fossil species already named and from which the living 
species are derived. It will be of much interest to have the comments of 
Willett, Strong, Baily and others on this problem. I shall look forward to 


what eG have to offer, in addition to your om and Tom's conclusions. 


Editors Note- The above preview of the ore to be made on the Monterey 
founo is sincerely appreciated, For the past sevrernl years most of us have 
been disposed to simply lnbel our specimens »f Fusinus with question marks 
pening tho completion of the study of Allyn and Mac Gordons. Tho conolusions 
reachod sound as if we will hnve something to guide us in this group whon 
this paper is published and we trust it will be soon, 


This Fusinus matter is a good place to enll attention to one of our 
problems. Different members of our club and correspondents no doubt have 
the same species classified under severnl entirely different species. The 
result is thot when thoy write in their collecting records for those papers 
meny of the conclusions nre necessarily somewhat questionable. It seems 
to be a logical sugsestion that students should have the free priviledge of 
guestioning any of the records listed in these papers. As far as the 
editor is converned he will be glad to submit any specimen listed for study 
and idontificeation, Before we publish our finel report it may be a good 
sugestion to have e committee ap ointed for the purpose of passing on 
specimens thot have been the basis of oucstioned or surprising locality 
records. In this connection Mr. George Willett recently handed the editot 
a list of collecting records And data listed in our work on the pelecy pods 
that he thinks should be definitely determined or rechecked. They follow. 
Yoldia siliqua -~ Cape Simpson, B.C. ( Lowe) 

MAartesia intcrcalata ~~ Long Beach and Son Pedro ( Lowe) 
Thynsira pouldii~- British Columbia 
Pscphidéa oyilis -~ Hawk Inlet, Alaska ( Kate Stephens) 
Modiolsrin corrugate ~- Uhedncicn ( Eyerdam) 
Thracia cr curta | == Frince William Sound 
: beringi ~~ Unalaska and Atka Islands 
Gerdita als nlnskana -- Afopnek I, 
: poucicostata <= Atka I. 
Thyosira pouldii-- Prince Wa) vem Sound 
Trras nlouticus -- ° Ly 
Cardium cnliffornicnse == Alasky records 
Psephidin ovalis -- Prince William Sound 
Mecomn middendorffii -- Atka I, 
inquinata arnheimi -~ Akutan; Kodiak 


#50 p 38 July,1945 
Panomyn ampla -- Puget Sound 
~~ We peringiana <= Unnlaska 
Mya truncata uddevyallensis ( I have specimens of probably what has been 
referred to this form, but consider them only individual pene cRvs of 
truncata.) 


Also, I should like to see speoimons of Transenelle tantilla from 
from Alaska, and Glycymeris corteziana from Alaska and Puget Sounds 


Alaska records for Lyonsia californica attributed ‘to me, are incorr- 
~ect. I did not collect that species in Alaska, 


Allyn Smith is probably right in believing that Crenella divaricata 
does not come into our territory, Southern California shells are probably 
a small race of C, decussata, 


PET eLCELETeLrLeeereeeeres | 
Mytilus _ edulis diegensis Coe,1945, Minutes #48 p 28 

Dr. WeRée Coc has given us the following additional descriptive data 
on this new subspecic8. 

" Beoquse of the great variability in the shape of the shell ( see 
Minutes #41) due in part, at lgnst, to environmental conditions, the most 
reliable oriteria for distinguishing the speoies,subspecies and varicties 
of the Mytilus edulis groyp appear to be the characteristics of the lunule 
and the number and shape of the lunular (“hinge”) teeth ( See Lamy, Jour. 
Conche, 80 » 1936)» In the subspecies dievensis which has become so abundant 
of latethe lunile is narrow and composed of usually 3 cornucopia~shapod 
ridges, with usually 2-4 teeth. The modal number is 3. In typical M. edulis 
of the Atlantic coast the lynule is broad, with usually 4-6 or more ridges 
and tceth. The modal number is 5. There is of course some overlapping; hence 
the shape of the shell must also be taken into consideration. Shell of 
typical M. edulis is SLOSS more noarly cylindrical and more often with 
ee side incurved." Wesley Re Coe. 


PEC ET IOSCTISCOCLCLSLCCOLTECCLSLOL LS 


#50 p 39 July,19465 
Mr. C.Le Blakeslee, Mendon Contor Road, Pittsford, NeY. We have just 
Toecived o fine long letter from our friend Blakeslee but before comm 
~onting upon that permit us to congratulate him on the excellent paper 
ho has in the current Nautilus. It is the first article in tho issue and 
is entitled * Snails from the Aboriginal Deposits of Frontenas Island, New 
York." Among other things lire Blakeslee in his letter says 
" I enjoy your papers and wonder how you get the time to devote to them. 
You deserve a lot of credit. And I think this present move is poodsenso, 

I sec Mrs. Hackney 's name mentioned. I did some trading with her 
during, the wintor which gavo me, at least, a lot of pleasure not only 
in the cxchanges but in tho correspondence, though limited, that we had. 
Her letters reflect a fine personality. 

‘What an excellent opportunity we conchologists have to mike worth 
while oontacts. And what priviledges those mon of professional standing 
extend to us amateurs. From the beginning of my carcer as a collector I 
olways have felt free ( though sometimes a shamed to take their time) to 
write Dr. Pilsbry, William Clonch, Henry ven der Schalio, Mr. Goodrich 
and many othors roparding, my ee onione and not an inquiry but was given 
attention accompanied by a courtoous reply. Frank C, Baker was anothor. 
And then in tho exchanges I have o warm place in my hoart for Walter J. 
Eyerdam, Chas. Nelson, Professor Louis Brand, Paul Reed and the Reverend 
Paul Ford. E.C. Doremus of New Jorsey helped me build up a fine collec- 
“tion of sholls from the South Pacific and he gave me very much moro thm 
I could send to him. There are a lot of others but one cannot name them 
nll, I don't know where else one could find such warm cooperation. Of 
course, thero may be an individual here or there that shrugs his shoulders 
at the rest af us but the rest go on and if he enjoys his isolated posit- 
don, more power to hime And in that “ warn place” I remember the fine 
brachiopods that you sent moy " 


Minutes of tho Conchologienl Club of Southorn Califa= July 1,1945 
Celled to order hy tho president Mr. Goorgo Willott. 

Mrs. E.eP. Chnoe appointed ns Secretary Pro, Teme» 

Mr. Burch roported thot a large majerity of those writing in had voted to 
‘continue meeting on Sunday afternoon until after the duration. 

John Burch led the group in study and discussion of Nassaridac ,;Columbellidee, 
and some of the Muricidnae. 
SNS Hua after the usual manner, 

FIG ICO IORI IG IOI ICR IID 
In our work on the genus Pecten we discussed the’ species Peoten odscen= 
“-sionis Osbeck , and there is some speculation about the terrain of the 
island. There is quite an article about the island with pictures in colcr 
in the magazine Life for April 50,1946. Our fins] conclusion was that it is 
of no simifiennce Doe toneniuns eke but the views of the island indicate a 
rocky cliff like neenan frontage. 
FORO IU Om 

Mrs. Harrison Smith, 893 Weightman Bldg., 1624 Chostnut St., Philadelphia 2, 
We wish to thank Mrs. Smith for her check and her bouquet * Thank you ever 
60 much for sending these minutes to me for I enjoy them greatly". 

Mire Wme H, Wocks, 508 Willoughby Avo., Brooklyn 6, N.Y. We were gIad to 
hoar from Mr. Wecksend t> learn that he is still actively at this time 
oxchanging and working on his collection, Mr. Wocks has somo beautiful 
materinl for exchanges Some of his duplientes como from the tropical Pacific 
and other far away localities, 


#50 Back Page July,1945 

JoMe Dowdle, S lc, New Guinea, 8 June'1945, P.AD- #3, FeP.O., San Fran- 
~cisco, Calif. We were very glad to have a nice long letter from Jack 
and some excerpts from it follow. “® I am still in P.A.D. 3 but I om 
working for the 25th Special Battalion. They publish the base newspaper and 
I work on it..... I have collected nothing except some Littorina and Pythia 
which fortunately, I was able to take alive. The other things that I have 
taken recently are very much the same things that I sent you. eeee The base 
commander has been goodenough to assist me in procuring a boat that I can 
rig for work. I plan to build a dredge and work from about ten fathoms to 
the surface. That takes in a lot of territory that way and I can only hope 
to be able to get the material to someone like yourself to do the reasearch, 
I have had a lot of correspondence with Myra Keen and she has been very nice 
about everything and has offered to do much of the work. It was unfortunate 
that I was unable to contact Lt. Col. Schenck. .... If I am lucky enough 
to collect live Conus , especially Conus textile I am going to do some work 
on thes pot. The Malaria Control Officer has boen good enough to let me use 
his lab ( there is a fine bifocal disecting microscope, smong other things) 
for some special work. I have my old 4 x 5 Céntury that I have converted 
for photo-micography and it works fine. 1 was able to get some good pictures 
of Plasmodia ( Malaria parasites) and a Filisarial sheath, Wacheria bancroftii 
eto. I will attempt to stain and phatograph the poisonous and associated 
parts. Can you give me any informationd along that line 7? " 
Henry A. Rothamel,3903 Sinclair Lane, Baltimore 13, Maryland, * I have 
written before that an accident injuring my eye nerves caused me to lay 
aside this lobby temporarily, Now they are again in condition, where I want 
to get back to building up my collection. If there are membors of the club 
who have surplus shells I am interested in purchasing the same. Enclosed 
find $3.00 for Minutes. Thanks," 
kalph W. Jackson, Route Noel, Cambridge, Maryland. * Enclosed find check fa 
$2.50 for a year of the Minutes of the Conthological Club of Southern Calfé 
Ba you have any copies of these minutes prior to ‘the November 1942 ipbue 2 
This was the first issue that came to my notice and I would be glad to com- 
-plete my file if that is possible or as near theretoas is permissible. 
A note in the next or some future issue as to when the publication started 
would be a matter of record and a source of information to the late comers," 

In answer to Mr. Jackson's inquiry the present editor is compelled to 
adnit that he does not know the exaot date of the first publications of this 
club. the Conchological Club of Southern California has been in continuous 
existence for over fifty years and during that period has had numerous papers 
printed under different editors, The immediate predecessor of the present 
editor printed his papers under the title of ® Notes" of the Conch, Club etc. 
This present scries began with the July,1941 minutes and the first few issuos 
were little more than just the minutes and announcements of the next meeting 
ote. The mimoographed papers grew gradually until wo are now running off a 
number of pages as you know, 
W.Pe Cook, 2966 Union Ave,, San Diego 1, Calif. We arr: to announce that 
our good friend Cook is in the hospitak and are concerned for him and hope 
that it will not be long before he can again resume his pursuit of ( his 
recent special interest was Argonauta of which he has several fine Bets). 
PA. Rickles, 7 Jefferson Blwd,,Annandale,Staten Island, NeY. ° I ama 
new Shell bug since my return from the Pacific with a collection of shells." 


The preservation photocopy 
was made and hand bound at BookLab, Inc. 
in compliance with copyright law. The paper, 
Weyerhaeuser Cougar Opaque Natural, 
meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO 
Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). 


Austin 1994 


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