Phytoneuron

12011-40: 1-3.

KALLSTROEMIA PARVIFLORA (ZYGOPHYLLACEAE): NEW TO LOUISIANA

MICHAEL H. MACROBERTS AND EARBARAR MACROBERTS

Bog Research, 740 Columbia,

Shreveport,Louisiana71104
Herbarium, Museum of Life Sciences
Louisiana State University-Shreveport

Shreveport,Louisiana71115

edu

ABSTRACT

Kallstroemia parvijlora Norton is documented as naturalized l
in Shreveport, along the Caddo and Bossier Parish line.
KEY WORDS: Kallstroemia parvijlora, Zygophyllaceae, Louisiana

On 25 July 2011, we discovered Kattstroemia parvijlora Norton, also known as caltrop, to b
common along a 3 km stretch of the Southern Extension of the Clyde E. Fant Memorial Parkway in
Shreveport, Louisiana, centered on 32° 28' 38.99" N, 93° 41 ' 28.83" W, at about 70 meters elevation
(Figs 1, 2, 3) Kallstroensa parvijlora has previously been reported from Mississippi, Missouri,
Illinois, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and westward but not from Louisiana or Arkansas (MacRoberts
1984; Smith 1994; Thomas & Allen 1998; Turner et al. 2003; Kart.es,-. & Meacham 2005;
NatureServe 2011; USD A Plants 201 1) Its closest known location is in CTregg County, Texas

MacRoberts and MacRoberts: Kallstroemia parviflora n

The Clyde Fant Parkway is on the Red River alluvial plain and parallels the river, being
variously between 100 and 400 m from it. There are no buildings between the parkway and the river.
The land is either pasture or mowed park and parkway right-of-way, and the parkway is highly
disturbed and frequently mowed. This probably has assisted Kallstroemia parviflora because of its
low sprawling habit. Associated species include Cenchrus spinifex, Chamaesyce maculata,
Chrysopsis pilosa, Coronopus didymus, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis minor, Mollugo verticillata,
Oenothera laciniata, Paspalum notatum, Polygonum aviculare, Portulaca oleracea, andTribulus
terrestris, half of which are not natives.

Whether or not the species has been brought into this area by human activity is not known,
but road construction and frequent mowing may have been responsible for its presence and have
contributed to its spread. It does occur on the deposition side of the river and since Kallstroemia
parviflora is common in north-central Texas and south-central Oklahoma (Kartesz & Meacham 2005;
Turner et al. 2003) it could have been transported down the river naturally.

Politically, and ironically, this Kallstroemia parviflora population occurs in both Bossier and
Caddo parishes, because while it occurs on the west (Caddo Parish) side of the Red River, small bits
of Bossier Parish also occur on the west side of the Red River because the river, which was the
original parish boundary in the mid-1800s, has changed course through natural meander and man-
made alterations ("cutoffs") (joiner 2006). Thus, while the center of the population is politically or
technically in Bossier Parish, ecologically and biogeographically this area should be considered to be
Caddo Parish until populations are found on the east side of the river. We searched for if. parviflora
along the frequently mowed A.R.Teague Parkway on the Bossier Parish side of the river but found
none.

Figure 2. Kallstr

on the Clvde Fant Parkway, habit.

MacRoberts and MacRoberts:

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

In the determination of the Bossier-Caddo Parish boundary, we are grateful to Fred Alford
(Chief Deputy Assessor, Bossier Parish), Ron Looney and Karen Gilbert (Clerk of Court Office,
Caddo Parish), and Domenica Carriere and Shawn Bohannon (Noel Memorial Library Archives,
Louisiana State University in Shreveport). Amanda Lewis (Louisiana State University in Shreveport)
aided in several ways.

LITERATURE CITED

Joiner, G.D. 2006. Mapping the Red River after the Freeman and Custis expedition. Bulletin of the

Museum of Life Sciences 14: 271-298
Kartesz, J.T. and C.A. Meacham. 2005. Synthesis of North American flora. Version2.0. Biota of

North America Program, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
MacRoberts, D.T. 1984. The Vascular Plants of Louisiana. Bulletin of the Museum of Life Sciences

6: 1-165.
NatureServe Explorer. 2011. <http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/>
Smith, E.B. 1994. Keys to the Flora of Arkansas. Univ. of Arkansas Press, Fay etteville.
Thomas, R.D. and CM. Allen. 1998. Atlas of the Vascular Flora of Louisiana. Vol. 3. Louisiana

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Natural Heritage Program, Baton Rouge.
Turner, B.L., H. Nicols, G.C. Denny, and O. Doron. 2003. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas.

Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 1-888.
USDA, NRCS. 201 1 . The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, North

Carolina, <http://plants.usda.gov> Accessed August 201 1 .

\a parviflora on the Clyde Fant Parkway, flowers.